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REPRICAN PLANE S- 


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CATALOGUE 


OF THE 


AFRICAN PLANTS 


COLLECTED BY 


DR. FRIEDRICH WELWITSCH 
IN 1853-61. 


DICOTYEE DONS, PART: 1. 
BY 


WILLIAM .PHILEP HIERN, M.A., F.L.S., 


CORRESP. MEM. R. ACAD. LISB. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 


SOLD BY 
LONGMANS & CO., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW ; 
B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE W ; 
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & CO., CHARING CROSS ROAD; 
AND AT THE ) ‘aa. (eLr 
,BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, 8.W 


1896. 
[All rights reserved. ] 


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Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. ae 
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PREFACE. 


R. WELWITSCH, of whose African plants Mr. Hiern 

has prepared the following Catalogue, directed by 

his will (dated the 17th October 1872, three days before 
his death) that the study set of these plants should be 
offered to the British Museum for purchase. The Por- 
tuguese Government, however, claimed the whole of the 
Collections as belonging to them, and by letter dated the 
31st October 1872 demanded delivery of the several cases 
of botanical specimens which were in the possession of 
Dr. Welwitsch at the time of his death. The acting 
executors—namely, Messrs. William Carruthers, at that 
time Keeper of this Department, and Frederick Justen, 
of Dulau & Co., booksellers, respectively—resisted this 
demand, and at great pecuniary risk to themselves per- 
sonally defended a suit in Chancery, “Dom Luis the 
First, King of Portugal, versus Carruthers and Justen,” 
which was filed on the 3lst January 1873. | 

This suit came before the Court on several occasions ; 

and the Judge having repeatedly expressed his opinion that 
a compromise ought to be effected, an agreement between 
the parties was arranged, and on the 17th November 
1875 the Vice-Chancellor gave his decree accordingly. It 
was thus agreed that the Portuguese Government, on being 
declared to be entitled to the Collections, should express 
their willingness to give to the British Museum the best 
set, next after the study set, which was returned to Lisbon, 
of the botanical specimens and other objects of natural 


v1 PREFACE. 


history, with a copy of the notes and descriptions made 
by Welwitsch explanatory thereof or in reference thereto, 
on the condition of the British Museum contributing to 
the costs of separation and transcription. These notes 
and descriptions are largely incorporated in the Catalogue. 
The work of separation was entrusted to Mr. Hiern, who 
duly carried it out, and the transcription was done in this 
Department. 

When the British Museum thus came into possession 
of the Collection, containing so large an amount of new 
and interesting material, it was thought desirable that a 
Catalogue of it should be published; and Mr. Hiern, 
who had already become acquainted with its contents 
while sorting and separating the specimens, undertook 
the work. He had made considerable progress with it 
when unforeseen circumstances compelled him to put it 
aside, and it remained many years in abeyance. Lately, 
however, owing to the great increase of interest in the 
flora of the African continent, it has been thought advisable 
that the treasures contained in so remarkable a collection 
should be published. Mr. Carruthers brought the matter 
again before the Trustees, and was fortunately able to 
induce Mr. Hiern to resume his work upon the Catalogue, 
and complete at least the Dicotyledons. These will be 
contained in Parts I. and II., and a third and concluding 
part will be devoted to the remaining groups—the Hepatice 
by Dr. F. Stephani, the Freshwater Alge by Mr. W. 
West, and the rest by the staff of the Department of 
Botany. 

Mr. Britten has rendered constant service in revising 
for the press. 


GEORGE MURRAY. 


December 1896. 


INTRODUCTION. 


FRIEDRICH WELWITSCH was born at Maria-Saal, near Klagenfurt, 
in Carinthia, Lower Austria, on the 5th February 1806. He was 
one of a large family, his father being the owner of an extensive 
farm. During his school age his father encouraged him in 
botanical tastes, intending him for the legal profession, and to 
this end sent him, in due course, to the University of Vienna. 
But an irresistible tendency towards Natural Science drew him 
from the Law, and he made no progress in legal learning. His 
father in his displeasure withdrew the allowance from the young 
student, who was then left to himself, and is said to have sup- 
ported himself by writing critiques on the theatres. With a view 
- to a more congenial living, however, Welwitsch entered the medical 
faculty of the University, and at the same time pursued Botany 
with increased assiduity. His first publication was ‘“ Observations 
on the Cryptogamic Flora of Lower Austria,” which obtained a 
prize offered by the Mayor of Vienna in 1834. Somewhere about 
this period he was employed by the Government to report on the 
Cholera in Carinthia, and this proof of official confidence reconciled 
his father to his change of profession. For a while Welwitsch 
travelled as tutor with a nobleman, and then returned to Vienna 
to complete his studies. In 1836 he graduated in medicine, his 
thesis being a synopsis of the WVostochinec of Lower Austria. At 
this time he was intimate with Fenzl and other Austrian botanists, 
and spent much time in the Botanical Museum at Vienna. After 
another period of tutorship, his course in life began to shape itself. 
After attending, in 1837, a meeting of the German Naturalists’ 
Association—the model of our British Association—which he 
addressed on the subject of the geographical distribution of chalk 
plants on granite hills, his mind became fixed on foreign travel, 
and an opportunity presently offered itself to put his wishes into 
execution. 

In 1839 Dr. Welwitsch accepted a commission from the Unio 
Itineraria of Wiirtemberg, of which he was a member, to explore 
and collect the plants of the Azores and Cape de Verde Islands ; 
he was also induced to take this step because an act of youthful 
indiscretion on his part, in the course of enjoying too freely the 
gaieties of Vienna, rendered it expedient for him to leave Austria 


Vill INTRODUCTION. 


fora time. He accordingly left Vienna, and reached England in 
June of that year, whence he shortly sailed for his destination. 
In July he arrived at Lisbon, where he found himself unexpectedly 
detained ; he therefore employed the time in collecting the plants 
of the neighbourhood, and quickly formed an extensive collection. 
He seems to have taken a great liking for the country, and 
ultimately made arrangements for remaining in Portugal through 
the winter, instead of proceeding to the Atlantic Islands. In six 
weeks he acquired a good knowledge of the Portuguese language, 
and then more thoroughly devoted himself to the study of the 
local flora, visiting the Serras de Cintra, d’Arrabida, ete. On 
the 27th October 1839 he was elected an honorary member of 
the Pharmaceutical Society of Lisbon, and on the 18th June 1840 
he received the diploma as corresponding member of the Society 
of Medical Science of Lisbon. He never returned to Austria, 
nor indeed left the place of his adoption, till 1853, except for 
short visits to Paris and London. During this period he had 
the care, at different times, of the Botanic Gardens of Lisbon 
and Coimbra, and was superintendent of the Duke of Palmella’s 
gardens at Cintra and Alemtejo, as well as having the general 
supervision of the Duke’s gardens throughout Portugal. He also 
explored a great part of the kingdom, and made very large collec- 
tions, amounting at least to 11,000 specimens, which he forwarded 
to the Unio Itineraria. In August 1841 Welwitsch had the 
pleasure of meeting Robert Brown, who accompanied him for a 
three days’ excursion to the Valle de Zebro; the remembrance of 
this was always pleasant to Welwitsch, who used to show with 
satisfaction a pocket lens which the great English botanist had 
given him on that occasion. 

During the time he had charge of the royal garden and museum 
of Ajuda, near Lisbon, he rendered useful services, attaching 
names to the plants, ete. His intimate knowledge both of the 
theory and practice of botany, his acquaintance with alge and 
mosses as well as with flowering plants, and his familiarity with 
the flora of the country, placed him in a unique position in 
Portugal. He was one of the founders of the Horticultural 
Society of Lisbon, which was established in July 1844. 

In 1847 and 1848 Algarvia, the southernmost province of the 
kingdom, which had been little known to botanists, was explored. 
The lower plants were always the object of Dr. Welwitsch’s special 
study. In the neighbourhood of Lisbon, in the years 1847-52, he 
added 250 of the larger Fungi to those enumerated in Brotero’s 
‘* Flora,” and in his zeal after Algze, in which he found the Tagus 
very rich, he was accustomed to spend hours “up to his waist 
in water” day after day. He wrote in “ Flora” of 1849 a note on 
Arctotis acaulis Brot.; he also contributed a useful paper to the 
Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in 1850 on the Genera 
of Portuguese seaweeds. Besides his botanical investigation, 
Welwitsch devoted considerable time to the Mollusca and insects 
of Portugal, and formed large collections. With reference to 


INTRODUCTION. 1x 


the Portuguese collections, Count Ficalho states, in Jornal de 
Sciencias, Lisbon, v. (No. xviii.) pp. 76, 77 (June 1875), that 
there exists in the Polytechnic School a valuable collection of 
plants collected and skilfully prepared by Dr. Welwitsch; that it 
contains the greater part of the cryptogams and not a few of 
the phanerogamic families ; that the collection is very rich, and is 
furnished with manuscript notes ; and that important information 
and details relating to the distribution of the species are due to 
this indefatigable and critical collector, such information being 
very deficient in nearly all the works previously published on 
the Portuguese flora. 

It was in 1851 that the Government of Queen Dona Maria first 
resolved to explore the Portuguese possessions on the West Coast 
of Africa, with the double object of obtaining scientific informa- 
tion on the products of the country and of forwarding its material 
interests. The project was laid before the Cortés in that year, 
and on the 17th March it was duly passed. The Government 
was authorized to fix a monthly salary up to 200 milreis (£44 18s.) 
to a naturalist to be employed for the purpose; a capital expendi- 
ture of 1200 milreis (£269) was also allowed for the purchase of 
instruments, etc., and for the expenses of the voyage. The same 
year was that of the Great Exhibition of London ; and Welwitsch, 
whose abilities and scientific acquirements had now generally 
become known and appreciated throughout Portugal, was engaged 
to prepare the contributions of that country. King Don Fernando 
was very active in forwarding the proposed expedition to Angola, 
and himself planned a scheme, the execution of which he entrusted 
to one or two of his ministers who comprehended and sympathised 
with his earnest desire for national progress and the prosperity 
of the colonies. For carrying out the scientific part of his scheme 
the King saw in Welwitsch the very man required for so difficult 
an undertaking. He had been so long in Portugal that his 
feelings were fully enlisted in the welfare and honour of his 
adopted country; a man of liberal culture and education, and a 
good linguist, he had proved himself a profound naturalist, as 
well as an admirable collector, and his administrative abilities 
had been shown in his conduct of the gardens under his care. 
Welwitsch was accordingly selected, and in 1851 proceeded to 
London to make preparations for his voyage. He spent some 
months here, and on the 28th May was elected corresponding 
member of the Royal Botanic Society of London. After receiving 
very valuable advice as to botanical travelling from Robert Brown 
and other botanists, he returned to Lisbon, and in due course 
started on his important mission, fully equipped, accredited with 
full powers by the home Government, and entrusted with com- 
plete liberty of action. How well the King had chosen was 
abundantly proved during the next seven years, throughout 
which Welwitsch showed an amount of enthusiasm, perseverance, 
and endurance of hardships which could scarcely be surpassed. 
The decree of appointment, dated 10th April 1852, referred to 


aXe INTRODUCTION. 


the distinguished learning acquired by Welwitsch, and to the 
important studies which he had made on the flora and fauna of 
Portugal. 

On the voyage from Lisbon, which he left on the 8th August 
1853, he had the opportunity of visiting Madeira (12th to 
14th August), the Cape Verde Islands (20th to 24th August), 
Sierra Leone (29th August to 6th September), Prince’s Island 
(15th to 22nd September), and the Island of St. Thomas 
(23rd September) ; at Freetown, in Sierra Leone, he first became 
acquainted with a thoroughly tropical vegetation. He reached 
Loanda, the capital of Angola, on the 30th September 1853, and, 
making that town the base of his operations, he at once under- 
took a series of excursions in every direction, collecting plants 
especially, but also Hymenoptera, beetles, and other insects, as 
well as Mollusca, and the higher animals. His attention was 
naturally directed to the country near the coast, which he care- 
fully explored from the mouth of the Quizembo, a little to the north 
of Ambriz (about 8° 15’ 8. lat.), where he remarked upon the 
absence of seaweeds, to the mouth of the Cuanza (about 9° 20'S8.). 
His first impressions will be found in a letter to Mr. Kippist, 
dated the 2nd March 1854, printed in the Proceedings of the 
Linnean Society. 

In this letter he said that ‘it is much to be regretted that 
excursions in this country are attended with so much expense 
and such great inconveniences of all kinds. Although the Portu- 
guese Government allow me £45 per month, I shall nevertheless 
be under the necessity of contracting heavy debts before I return 
to Europe, since everything is at least three times dearer than 
in London. As there are few roads, and fewer beasts of burden, 
all baggage, provisions, water, presses, paper, beds, cooking 
utensils, with the necessary articles for barter (e.g., guns, brandy, 
cotton goods, glass-pearls, etc.) must be conveyed on the heads 
of negroes; so that even the shortest excursion of three or four 
days costs an enormous sum. Meanwhile my reliance is upon 
England; that is to say, I anticipate that my cases of living 
plants, insects, seeds, ete., as also a few herbaria of the flora of 
this neighbourhood, will be duly honoured; and in that hope I 
intend, within two or three weeks from this time, to make up a 
sample-collection for London.” 

An edict of the Colonial Government at Loanda, dated the 
8th March 1854, appointed a Commission, of which Dr. Welwitsch 
was to act as chairman, to prepare and arrange a collection of 
natural products of the province of Angola, to be forwarded to 
the Portuguese section of the Paris Exhibition of 1855, and to 
undertake for this purpose the necessary exploration, examination 
and analysis. 

In the Boletim do Conselho Utramarino of Lisbon for the 
7th August 1854, Welwitsch published a list of some of the 
seeds of plants which he had collected in the course of his travels 
up to that time, and which he forwarded to the Botanical Garden 


INTRODUCTION. Xi 


of the University of Coimbra; in recognition of this service he 
was on the Ist March 1855 elected Corresponding Fellow of the 
Coimbra Institute. 

He devoted nearly a year to the thorough investigation of the 
maritime zone, and then started, on the 10th September 1854, 
for the interior, following the course of the Bengo, Having 
reached the district of Golungo Alto, he ultimately fixed himself 
at a place called Sange, about 125 miles from the coast, in a 
mountainous region, whence he made excursions to Cazengo, on 
the banks of the Luinha, and numerous other expeditions, often 
extended to great distances. During his stay here he for some 
weeks enjoyed the company of Livingstone, who, in his book of 
missionary travels, bore testimony to Welwitsch’s arduous labours 
and abilities. Two years were occupied in Golungo Alto with 
these laborious explorations through almost impenetrable forests, 
during which Welwitsch suffered repeatedly and severely from 
endemic fevers, scurvy, and ulcerated legs, the usual concomitants 
of African travel; but he never abandoned his work. In this 
mountainous region, whose highest peaks rise more than 2000 feet, 
above 300 different species of trees and more than 400 kinds of 
climbing plants, closely entwined, form a magnificent primeval 
forest, the ground being luxuriantly overgrown with more than 
60 species of ferns, partly of arborescent forms. 

On the 11th October 1856, Welwitsch left Golungo Alto, and, 
travelling south-west through the district of Ambaca, which he 
found full of novelties, reached Pungo Andongo on the 18th 
October. Of this stage of his explorations he gave a graphic 
sketch, in Andrew Murray’s Journal of Travel, in a paper on the 
‘Black Rocks” of the district, from which it received its old 
name of the Presidio das Pedras Negras. The annual blackening, 
after each rainy season, of these masses of gneiss, 300 to 600 feet 
in height, he found to be caused by the immense increase and 
downward spread of a minute filamentous alga (Scytonema choro- 
graphicum), existing in ponds at the summit. The flora of this 
“beautiful secluded El Dorado” is described in glowing terms 
by the traveller. ‘‘I should call Pungo Andongo a botanical 
garden, in form of an extensive park, in which are found the 
most interesting treasures of vegetation, from the various districts 
of tropical and subtropical forms of vegetation, judiciously grouped 
together, with a considerable number of forms of vegetation quite 
peculiar to itself.” 

Making this paradise a centre, he passed nearly eight months 
in traversing the district in every direction, crossing the singular 
range of Pedras de Guinga (27th January 1857), the banks of 
the Lombe (7th and 8th March) and the Cuige, and penetrating 
as far as the charming islands of Calemba (12th to 16th March), 
in the Cuanza, and the immense forests which stretch from 
Quisonde to Condo (12th to 17th March), near the cataracts of 
the river Cuanza. This point, about 250 miles from the coast, 
was the farthest to the east reached. On his way back to Pungo 


Xll INTRODUCTION. 


Andongo, Welwitsch visited the salt lakes of Quitage and the 
magnificent forests on the right bank of the Cuanza; and, during 
a short stay at Pungo Andongo, explored the forests beyond the 
river Luxillo (28th April), and in the direction of Cambambe. 
After this he returned through Ambaca to his old station at 
Golungo Alto (11th June 1857), intending to explore the banks 
of the river Lucala and region of Duque de Braganea to the 
eastwards. But on the first night of the expedition he was 
deserted by half his men, and the remainder refused to advance. 
To his great regret he was therefore obliged to abandon the 
enterprise and to return to Sange, where he devoted several 
weeks to the arrangement of his collections. Thence he travelled 
back to Loanda, starting on the 27th August, and reaching it 
on the 7th September 1857, suffered five weeks of fever, after 
having completed three years of difficult explorations. Up to this 
time the territory explored by Welwitsch comprised a triangle, 
of which the base, of about 120 geographical miles, occupied 
the coast, whilst the apex was the point already mentioned at 
Quisonde, on the right bank of the Cuanza. 

In a letter to his friend W. W. Saunders, dated 10th February 
1858, he said that he could have worked more effectually 
during his long stay in equinoctial Africa if he had not had 
to fight again and again with fever, scurvy, and dysentery ; and 
that he had to penetrate the densest woods, to examine the deepest 
ravines, and to wander for miles slowly under a burning sun 
through marshy land, whilst ordinary travellers are carried along, 
lying comfortably in hammocks, only on roads. 

During his period of illness and forced inaction at Loanda, 
he corresponded with botanists, and in June 1858 drew up 
a valuable record of his travels, in the form of a Mappa Phyto- 
geographica, or tabular view of his botanical collections. This 
was published in Lisbon, towards the close of the year 1859, 
under the title of “ Apontamentos Phyto-geographicos sobre a 
Flora da Provincia de Angola,” in the unofficial part of the 
“ Annaes do Conselho Ultramarino.” From this paper we learn 
that he had, during his three years of travel, collected and 
arranged 3227 species of plants (to which 510 were afterwards 
added) in Angola proper. Under each family is given the whole 
number of species collected, followed by the number in each of 
the three regions—littoral, montane, and high tableland—into 
which for scientifie purposes he had divided the country. This 
is accompanied by lists of cultivated plants in each family, and 
notes on the distribution and most characteristic species found. 
Many new species are first mentioned or described in the 
appendix which concludes this concise but comprehensive treatise. 
Successful as had been the scientific results of these travels, they 
had been attained only at the price of shattered health, and 
rest was absolutely necessary. A trip in September 1858 to the 
district of Libongo, north of Loanda, was the principal journey 
made till June 1859, when his health having been somewhat 


INTRODUCTION. xiii 


restored, though still suffering from fever, Welwitsch recom- 
menced his explorations in another direction. His intention was 
to investigate the littoral region of Benguella and Mossamedes 
only; but his travels, fortunately for science, extended over 
a greater extent of country. After a short time passed at 
Benguella, in lat. 12° 30’ 8S., he proceeded by sea to Mossamedes 
(Little Fish Bay, lat. 15° 8.), where the magnificent climate 
speedily re-invigorated him; and he gradually extended his 
journeys, first along the coast as far south as Cape Negro, the 
port of Pinda, and the Bay of Tigers (lat. 17° 8.), and afterwards, 
as the spring (October) approached, inland to the elevated plateau 
called Huilla, about eighty miles from the coast, which rises to 
the height of from about 5800 to 6000 ft. above the sea-level. 
A short sketch of the vegetation of the coast region is given in 
a published letter to Sir William J. Hooker, dated the 16th 
August 1860, after Welwitsch’s return to Loanda. The remark- 
able differences between its flora and that of Angola proper are 
very striking even at Benguella, and at Mossamedes an entirely 
new littoral vegetation appeared. Here he found ‘a motley 
mixture of various floras, with a prevailing correspondence to 
those of Senegambia and the Cape of Good Hope.... Ata 
distance of a mile from the coast, however, the forms charac- 
teristic of the Cape flora are lost; the vegetation becomes with 
every step richer in purely tropical forms, which are especially 
developed on the banks of the Bero, in a variety one would never 
have imagined in so apparently dry a coast region.” Farther 
south this dryness becomes more and more excessive, and the 
flora poorer and poorer, chiefly consisting of Huphorbie. As 
Cape Negro (lat. 15° 40’ S.) is approached, the coast rises to 
form a perfectly level. plateau of about 3000 or 4000 ft. in 
height, and extending over six miles into the country, composed 
of a calcareous tufa scattered over with loose sandstone-shingle. 
The vegetation on this arid waste is scanty enough; but it was 
here that Welwitsch discovered that extraordinary plant which 
has rendered his name familiar to every botanist, and on which 
Sir Joseph Hooker based a remarkable memoir—the Welwitschia 
mirabilis Hook. f. (= Tumboa Bainesit Hook. f.) The sensations 
of the enthusiastic discoverer, when he first realised the extra- 
ordinary character of the plant he had found, were, as he has 
said, so overwhelming that he could do nothing but kneel down 
on the burning soil and gaze at it, half in fear lest a touch 
should prove it a figment of the imagination. 

The vegetation of the highlands of Huilla, though bringing to 
light no such wonder as the Z’umboa, produced quite as strong an 
impression on the mind of the traveller. Welwitsch started from 
Mossamedes on the 10th October 1859, and following the banks 
of the river Maiombo reached Bumbo, on the slopes of Serra da 
Chella, and crossing that chain at a height of 4200 ft., at the 
end of that month found himself on the tableland. ‘ The entire 
appearance of the landscape, the aspect of forest and plain— 


Xiv INTRODUCTION. 


indeed, the whole character of the vegetation, was at once and 
entirely changed as though by magic. I fancied myself in a 
strange world. Everything about me would recall the delightful 
outlying mountains of Switzerland, did not numerous Melasto- 
macex, Apocynacez, Combretaceze, etc., remind me of the tropics.” 
The intermingling of tropical, Cape, and European forms is indeed 
very striking in the extensive and beautiful flora of this moun- 
tainous country, watered with innumerable streams running to 
the south to join the Cacolovar, which flows into the Cunene, and 
covered with pasture lands always green and fresh ; and the seven 
months spent in the district produced a very large addition to 
the flora of West Tropical Africa. An interesting account of 
the botany of Huilla, which bears a strong similarity to that of 
Abyssinia, is given in a letter to Alphonse de Candolle, dated 
20th April 1861, written after Welwitsch’s return to Portugal. 
Over 2000 specimens were collected in the province of Benguella, 
but his investigations in this attractive country were uncere- 
moniously put to an end by a native war. The little colony of 
Lopollo in Huilla, founded about three years previously, was 
attacked by a large force of Munanos to the number of 15,000. 
They held it closely blockaded for two months, during which the 
little garrison, of which Welwitsch was a member, kept them 
bravely at bay, until at length they gave up the siege and con- 
tented themselves with carrying off all the flocks they could 
find and dispersing among the mountains. After this Welwitsch 
recrossed the Serra da Chella, and returned to Mossamedes and 
Loanda, whence, wounded and stricken with fever and dysentery, 
he embarked for Lisbon with his immense collections, arriving in 
the Tagus at the end of January 1861. His herbarium is un- 
doubtedly the best and most extensive ever collected in Tropical 
Africa, whether regard be had to the intrinsic interest of the plants 
themselves, the care and judgment displayed in their selection and 
preservation, or the extent of the collection both in number of 
species and series of specimens, the intention being that the study 
set especially might illustrate so far as possible the various states 
and conditions of each species. He was in the habit of (in most 
cases) carefully describing their essential characters when gathered, 
soithat his tickets convey an amount of information scarcely ever 
to be found in other collections. 

On his return to Lisbon he was placed on Government com- 
mittees for the improvement of cotton cultivation in Angola, and 
for the classification of the products of the Portuguese colonies to 
be forwarded to the London Great Exhibition of 1862. In con- 
nection with the latter purpose he printed in the Medical Gazette 
of Lisbon in 1862 a collection of notes on the 149 specimens of 
woods, drugs, and other objects from Angola, which he had 
selected for the International Exhibition ; these notes were sub- 
sequently published as a separate edition, with some editorial 
alterations, under the title of “‘Synopse explicativa das amostras 
de Madeiras e Drogas medicinaes, etc.” A gold medal was 


INTRODUCTION. XV 


awarded to Welwitsch by the Commissioners of the Exhibition 

in respect of these exhibits. He at once commenced in Lisbon 
the critical examination of his African herbarium; but he soon 
discovered that the complete study of the collections, which he 
reckoned in the botanical section alone to embrace more than 
8000 objects, required comparison to be made with analogous 
collections in the museums of other countries, and that he should 
be obliged to travel outside the kingdom for such assistance. On 
the Ist July 1862 Welwitsch was admitted as an Associate of 
* Pollichia,” a Rhineland natural history society. He had pre- 
viously, on the 2nd December 1858, been elected an Associate of 
the Linnean Society of London, and on the 4th November 1859 
a Foreign Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Academy of Science 
of Lisbon. His subsequent honours of this kind were: 1864, 
5th January, Associate of the Imperial Zoological and Botanical 
Society of Vienna; 11th December, Corresponding Member of the 
Imperial Natural Science Society of Cherbourg; 1865, 4th May, 
Fellow of the Linnean Society of London; 1866, 11th January, 
Foreign Member of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh; and 
1869, lst January, Member of the Acad. Cesar. Nat. Cur., under 
the cognomen of Brotero. 

After visiting the International Exhibition of 1862, he obtained 
by decree of the 22nd July 1863 the necessary permission from the 
Portuguese Government “to go to England and other northern 
countries to finish several studies necessary for the publication of 
the results of his exploration in Angola,” with a salary of £2 
daily to be paid monthly to him in London. Accordingly, after 
attending to the packing of the collections, he left Lisbon on the 
15th October 1863, and reached London on the 20th. Some idea of 
the bulk of the collections may be formed from the official decree 
of the 3rd November, in which the Portuguese Government 
mention 42 packages, each 3 ft. 43 in. long, 1 ft. 6 in. high, and 
1 ft. 6 in. wide, equivalent to about 319 cubic feet. It has been 
estimated that these collections contained upwards of 5000 species 
of plants and 3000 species of insects and animals, a very large 
proportion of which were wholly new to science ; and of most of 
these he had numerous specimens. He at once made it the one 
object of the remaining part of his life to determine and arrange 
these enormous collections ; he was completely absorbed in this 
occupation, and rarely talked on any other subject. In further- 
ance of the same object he had a very large correspondence with 
English and foreign botanists and naturalists, among others with 
H. G. Reichenbach of Hamburg about orchids, with Duby of 
Geneva about mosses, with Miiller of Geneva about Euphorbiacee, 
with Seemann about Bignoniacex, with Felder of Vienna about 
butterflies, with Andrew Murray about Coleoptera, with Hegel- 
maier of Tubingen about Lemnaceze, with Morelet of Lyons about 
Mollusca, with Alexander Braun about Characee, with H. Schott 
about Aroidez, with D. Oliver about Lentibularies, with W. J. 
Hooker about ferns, with Alph. de Candelle about Campanulacee, 


Xvi INTRODUCTION. 


with Currey about Fungi, with Caspary about Nympheacez, and 
with Bentham about Leguminosae, ete. 

After a time, however, the Portuguese Government became 
dissatisfied with the rate of progress made by Welwitsch, and 
especially because he had failed to send to the Government 
monthly reports on the same. By decree dated 28th December 
1864 they informed him as follows :— 

“1. That although it may be to the glory of Dr. Welwitsch 
and even to the honour of the Portuguese Government to give 
immediate publication to some monographs, the purpose of the 
exploration entrusted to him having been the formation of a 
collection of all the natural products of the soil of Angola and the 
acquisition of knowledge tending to the development of the said 
province, it is necessary to see at once to the full publication of 
all the knowledge acquired with regard to the natural history, and 
also to deposit in the Portuguese establishment a collection of such 
products, even though it may not as yet be quite complete, in order 
that the Portuguese Government may be able to justify to the 
legislative chambers and to the public the expense incurred and 
now incurring with the said exploration and to avoid the inter- 
ruption of the same. 

“2. That in virtue of the aforesaid it is necessary that Dr. 
Welwitsch should at once suggest what may be needful for the 
publication of the result of his scientific labours, pointing out the 
time when the printing of the publication is to commence, how 
the requisite engravings are to be prepared, and what amount it 
will be necessary to fix annually for the expenses of this publica- 
tion, which will no doubt take some years to conclude.” 

The Portuguese Government subsequently became more urgent, 
and by decree dated the 20th December 1865 ordered Welwitsch 
either to return to Portugal or to state without delay the time 
necessary for him to remain out of Portugal in order to complete 
the arrangement of his collections ; and by decree of the 16th 
February 1866 the Government took the extreme step of suspend- 
ing his monthly salary. 

Welwitsch, however, did not comply with these directions, but 
steadily continued his work in London, without any assistance 
from this time until his death, having to pay out of his own 
means the expenses of his various publications to which he had 
committed himself : for instance, the plates illustrating his Sertwm 
angolense, published by the Linnean Society in 1869, cost him 
£130. His private resources were thus so reduced that he was 
left with only the barest subsistence ; and, deeply pained by his 
treatment, he on the 8th May 1870 wrote to the Portuguese 
Colonial Minister a letter setting forth a succinct history of his 
labours and services, and asking to be allowed to resume official 
intercourse with the Portuguese authorities. In reply, a despatch 
dated 22nd October 1870 was sent, stating that it was con- 
sidered indispensable that he should return to Lisbon, bringing 
with Inm all his collections, in order to publish there the results 


INTRODUCTION. XVil 


of his scientific work; a sum of £60 was also paid to him on 
account of any subsidy to which he was entitled. He packed a 
great part of his herbarium, but had not afterwards suflicient 
means to undertake the journey to Portugal. 

With the exception of a short visit to Paris in 1867, in connec- 
tion with the Exhibition there, for which he made contributions 
for the preparation of the catalogue of the industrial products of 
the Portuguese section (in which will be found a great amount of 
previously unpublished matter), Welwitsch resided continuously 
in London from 1863, alone and devoted to his work, in spite of 
ill-health and suffering sufficient to have caused most men to seek 
rest and quiet. He died in London on the 20th October 1872, 
and was buried on the 24th of the same month in the Kensal 
Green cemetery. The executors have placed the following 
inscription on his tomb, surmounted by a Zumboa (Welwitschia) 
plant carved in relief :— 


FREDERICUS WELWITSCH, M.D., 
BOTANICUS EXIMIUS, 
FLORA ANGOLENSIS INVESTIGATORUM PRINCEPS, 
NAT. IN CARINTHIA, 25 FEB. 1806, 
OB. LONDINI, 20 oct. 1872. 


The correct date of birth is the 5th (not the 25th) February 
1806, as is set out in an attested copy, dated Vienna, April 1839, 
-of a certificate dated Maria Saal, the 31st March 1818. 

For the purpose of this biographical sketch free use has been 
made of the late Dr. Trimen’s paper in the Journal of Botany, 
1871, pp. 1-11. The portrait prefixed is enlarged from a photo- 
graph taken August 1865. 


DIVISIONS OF ANGOLA. 


THE province of Angola taken in the wide sense includes the 
whole of Portuguese or Lower Guinea in Tropical Africa, and lies 
between 5° 12’ and 17° 20'S. lat., extending from the shores of 
the Atlantic Ocean into the interior of the continent to undefined 
distances, which Welwitsch estimated as varying from 230 to 400 
English miles. The northern portion or district of Cabinda, which 
abuts on the coast between the rivers Caconda and Zaire, from 
5° 12’ to 6° 10’ S. lat., was not visited by Welwitsch; in the 
district of the Congo, between the rivers Zaire and Loge, from 
6° 10’ to 7° 50'S. lat., he explored the coast at and about Ambriz, 
and his chief travels took place in Angola proper, which extends 
along the coast between the rivers Loge and Cuanza, from 7° 50’ 
to 9° 20'S. lat. He also made extensive explorations in Benguella, 
which in its wider sense extends along the coast between the rivers 
Cuanza and Cunene, from 9° 20’ to 17° 20’ S. lat. 

Welwitsch established three phytographical regions of the 
Angolan flora according to the limits of elevation: namely, the 
coast region, ranging from sea-level up to 1000 ft., the mountain- 
woodland region, from 1000 up to 2500 ft., and the highland 
region, from 2500 ft. upwards. The coast region includes the 
districts of Ambriz, Loanda, Icolo e Bengo, Barra do Bengo, 
Barra do Dande, Libongo, Benguella proper, and Mossamedes ; 
the mountain-woodland region includes the districts of Cazengo, 
Golungo Alto, Ambaca, Zenza do Golungo, and Bumbo; and 
the highland region includes Pungo Andongo and Hauilla. 

The winter season, namely, from June to August, is marked 
by the absence of rain; storms usually begin in the middle or 
towards the end of September, the showery season extending to 
the end of November or middle of December; and the heavy 
rains occur in the autumn, that is, March and April. 

The mean temperature of the air in Pungo Andongo and 
Huilla varies from 55° to 60° F., and in the less elevated districts 
from 77° to 80° F., except in Mossamedes, which is much cooler, 
and approaches the climate of the Cape of Good Hope. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Tue bibliography is arranged under four heads, each in 
chronological order: I. (1—28) Welwitsch’s published writings ; 
II. (29—73) Other writers’ publications exclusively or chiefly 
devoted to definite parts of Welwitsch’s collections ; IIT. (74—89) 
Other publications treating of parts of the collections which 
Welwitsch submitted to the several authors; IV. (90—94) Other 
Zoological publications relating to Welwitsch’s specimens. 


I. WeELwItTscH’s PUBLISHED WRITINGS. 


1. “ Beitriage zur cryptogamischen Flora Unter-Oesterreichs,” in 
Beitrige zur Landeskunde Oesterreich’s unter der Enns, bd. 4; pp. 156— 
273: Vienna, 1834. 

2. “Synopsis Nostochinearum Austriz inferioris” ; pp. 30: Vienna, 
1836. 

3. “Ueber geographische Verbreitung der Pflanzen auf Kalk-, dann 
Granitgebirgszugen,” in Deutsch. Naturf. Versamml. Bericht, 1837, 
p. 167: Prague, 1838. 

4. “ Arctotis acaulis Brot. (vix Linn.) an Cryptostema? und andere 
subtropische Formen in Portugal,” in Flora xxxii., No. 33 (7 Sept.), 
p. 528: Regensburg, 1849. 

5. “Genera Phycearum Lusitaniz,” in Actas Sess. Acad. Scienc. 
Lisb. ii. pp. 106—117 : Lisbon, 1850. 

6. ‘‘Semina plantarum Africe tropicz occidentalis, in insulis Capitis 
Viridis, nec non in continente Africano, imprimis in regno Angolensi 
-lecta,” in Bol. Cons. Ultramar.: Lisbon, 7 August 1854. 

7. “Relacio das sementes de arvores, etc.,” sent from Loanda on 
9 Sept. 1854, in Ann. Consilho Ultramar.: Lisbon. 

8. Translated extracts from a letter to R. Kippist, in Proc. Linn. 
Soc. ii. pp. 327—329 : London, 7 Nov. 1854. 

9. “Informacio do Dr. Welwitsch sobre os seus trabalhos, etc.” 
Golungo Alto on 9 Sept. 1856, in Ann. Conselho Ultramar.: Lisbon. 

10. “Systematische Aufziihlung der Siiswasser-Algen des Erzherzug- 
thums Oesterreich unter der Enns,” in Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Ver. vii. _ 
Abhandl. pp. 49—68: Vienna, 1857. 

11. “ Aphorismos acerca da fundacao dos jardins de acclimatagao na 
ilha da Madeira e em Angola, na Africa austro-occidental,” in Jornal 
do Commercio, No. 1487: Lisbon, 8 Sept. 1858. 

12. “Carta sobre a cultura do algodao na provincia de Angola,” in 
Bol. Offic. Angola, parte nao official, No. 694 (15 Jan.) ; and No. 695 
(22 Jan.), pp. 8, 9: Loanda, 1859. 

13. Translated letters on “the vegetation of West Equinoctial 
Africa” to W. W. Saunders, dated 12 Sept. 1857 and 10 Feb. 1858 
respectively, in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. pp. 150—157 : London, 1 Feb. 1859. 

c 


XX BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Some French extracts from these letters were contributed by Alph. 
de Candolle in Archiv. Scienc. Phys. et Nat., nouv. pér., v. pp. 279, 280 : 
Geneva, July 1859. 

14. “ Apontamentos phyto-geographicos sobre a flora da provincia de 
Angola na Africa equinoccial servindo de relatorio preliminar acerca da 
exploracio botanica da mesma provincia,” in Ann. Conselho Ultramar. 
No. 55 Dec. 1858, parte nado official, pp. 527—593 : Lisbon, 1859. 

15. “ Extract from a letter, addressed to Sir William J. Hooker, on 
the botany of Benguela, Mossamedes, etc., in Western Africa,” dated 
16 August 1860 from Loanda, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. pp. 182—187 : 
London, 24 May 1861. 

16. ‘‘ Lettre 4 M. Alph. de Candolle sur la végétation du plateau de 
Huilla dans le Benguela,” dated 20 April 1861 from Lisbon, translated 
from German into French, in Archiv. Scienc. Phys. et Nat., nouv. pér., 
X1., pp. 195—203 : Geneva, July 1861. 

Alph. de Candolle added some notes to the letter, and also obser- 
vations on the subject, on pages 193—195 and 204—206 of the same 
volume. 

17. “Cultura de algodio em Angola,” in Diario da Lisboa No. 230: 
Lisbon, 1861. 

This was translated into English :— 

“The cultivation of cotton in Angola,” translated by A. R. Saraiva 
from the original official pamphlet published at Lisbon by order of the 
Portuguese Government ; pp. 16: London, 1862. 

[On the Oaks (carvalho) of Portugal: in Portuguese, 1861. See 
Trimen in Jowrn. Bot. 1873, p. 3; I have not seen any such paper.] 

18. ‘‘Synopse explicativa das amostras de madeiras e drogas 
medicinaes e de outros objectos mormente ethnographicos colligidos 
na provincia de Angola enviados 4 exposicio internacional de Londres 
em 1862 incluindo os que foram offerecidos ao gabinete Pharmaco- 
logico da escola medico-cirurgica de Lisboa ;” pp. 56: Lisbon, 1862. 

The preface, dated 20 Sept. 1862, explains that this is a separate 
edition, with some editorial alterations, of notes printed in the G‘azeta 
medica of Lisbon, Nos. 14 to 17, in 1862. 

19. “ Carta sobre a Pretrea zanguebarica e P. artemisiefolia KI. in 
Gazeta medica de Lisboa, p. 474: Lisbon, 1863.” 

20. “ On a remarkable species of Cissus from the south of Benguella, 
with remarks on the Ampelidez of Angola and Benguella,” in Journ. 
Linn. Soc. vil. pp. 75—77 : London, 3 Sept. 1864. 

21. ‘“‘Observations on the origin and the geographical distribution 
of the Gum Copal in Angola, West Tropical Africa,” in Journ. Linn. 
Soc. 1x. pp. 287—302: London, 14 June 1866. 

22. “'The Pedras Negras of Pungo Andongo in Angola,’ in Andr. 
Murray’s Journ. Trav. 1. pp. 22—36, pl. 1 : London, Feb. 1868. 

23. “Fungi Angolenses.” Part I. By Welwitsch and Currey, in 
Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvi., part 1., pp. 279—294, tt. 17—20: London, 1868. 

This is all that was ever published, although it was intended in a 
subsequent paper to add the Hymenomycetes. 

24. “Sur laspect et le caractere de la région littorale” (Note 4), 
‘* Les lacs d’ Angola” (3B), “ Influence des incendies sur la végétation 
et sur l’aspect de la campagne” (c), “Sur une monnaie de la céte de 
Guinée fabriquée avec une coquille” (E£) ; in appendix to A. Morelet’s 
Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, pp. 35—38, 47, 48: Paris, 1868. 

25. “Sertum Angolense, sive stirpium quarundam novarum vel 
minus cognitarum in itinere per Angolam et Benguellam observatarum 
descriptio iconibus illustrata,” in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., part i. 
pp. 1—94, tt. 1—25: London, 1869. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. XxXl 


26. “The Loranthacee of Angola,” in Gardeners’ Chronicle, p. 835, 
1 July: London, 1871. 

27. Notice of Count Solms Laubach’s Tentamen Bryogeographic 
Algarvie, Regni Lusitani Provincie, in Journ. Bot., x., pp. 184—187 : 
London, 1 June 1872. 

28. “On an undescribed species of Mesembryanthemum from the 
south of Portugal”? (posthumous), in Journ. Bot. xi., pp. 289, 290, 
t. 186: London, 1 ‘Oct. 1873. 


II. Orner Writers’ PUBLICATIONS, EXCLUSIVELY OR CHIEFLY 
DEVOTED TO DEFINITE PARTS OF WELWITSCH’S COLLECTIONS, 


29. “ Relatorio lido sobre 0 Herbario do Sir. Dor. Welwitsch,” by 
Dr. Bernardino Antonio Gomes, in Act. Sess. Acad. Science. Lisb. 
i. pp. 305—315: Lisbon, 1849. 

30. “ An enumeration of the Fungi collected in Portugal, 1842-50, 
by Dr. Fried. Welwitsch, with brief notes and descriptions of the new 
species,” by Rev. M. J. Berkeley ; pp. 10 : London, 1853. 

31. “An enumeration of the Musci and Hepatice, collected in 
Portugal, 1842-50, by Dr. Fried. Welwitsch, with brief notes and 
descriptions,” by William Mitten ; pp. 12: London, 1853. 

32. “On Welwitschia, a new genus of Gnetacee,” by Joseph Dalton 
Hooker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv., part 1, pp. 1—48, tt. 1—14: 
London, 1863. 

33. ‘On the Spicula contained in the wood of the Welwitschia, and 
the Crystals pertaining to them,’’ by Colonel Philip Yorke, in a letter 
to Dr. J. D. Hooker dated 4 Feb. 1863, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. pp. 
106—108: London, 13 May 1863. 

34. “On Welwitschia. Uma viagem scientifica em Angola,” by Dr. 
B. A. Gomes: Lisbon, 1863. - 

30. “Bericht iiber einige der wichtigsten botanischen Ergebnisse 
der Bereisung der portugiesischen Colonie von Angola in Westafrika 
in den Jahren 1850—1860 durch Herrn Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch,” 
by Dr. Prof. Fenzl, in Sitzungsber. Akad. Wissensch. xlviii., Abth. 1, 
pp. 104—114: Vienna, 1863. 

36.°‘* Welwitschiiiter angolense. Euphorbiacee nove ad. Welwitsch 
in Africa equinoctiali occidentali lecte,’’ by Dr. J. Mueller (Muell. 
Arg.), in Journ. Bot. ii. pp. 326—339 : London, Nov. 1864. 

37. ‘‘ Welwitschii iter angolense. Hederacez nove a d. Welwitsch 
in Africa equinoctiali occidentali lectz,” by Dr. B. Seemann, in Journ. 
Bot. 11. pp. 33, 34: London, Feb. 1865. 

38. “ Aroidez nove,” by Dr. H. Schott, in Journ. Bot. ili. pp. 34, 35: 
London, Feb. 1865. 

39. “Lemnacearum a d. Fr. Welwitsch in Africe squinoctialis 
territorio angolensi collectarum descriptio,’ by F. Hegelmaier, in 
Journ. Bot. ii. pp. 110—115, t. 29: London, April 1865. 

40. “Dr. Welwitsch’s Orchideen aus Angola,” by H. G. Reichenbach, 
in Flora, xlviii., No. 12, pp. 177—191, 27 April 1865; 1. No. 7, 
pp. 97—105, 15 March 1867, No. 8, pp. 113—115, 27 March 1867: 
Regensburg, 1865 and 1867. 

41. “ Note on the Mammalia observed by Dr. Welwitsch in Angola,” 
by Dr. W. Peters, in Zool. Soc. Proc., 1865, pp. 400, 401 : London, 
August 1865. 

42. **On the Lentibularieze collected in Angola by Dr. Welwitsch, 
A.L.S., with an enumeration of the African species,” by Professor 
Oliver, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix, pp. 144—156 : London, 12 Oct. 1865. 

43, ‘“‘ Welwitschiiiterangolense. Bignoniacearum ad. Fr. Welwitsch 


XXll BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


in Africee zequinoctialis territorio angolensi collectarum descriptio,” by 
Dr. B. Seemann, in Journ, Bot. ili. pp. 329—333, tt. 35—40: London, 
Nov. 1865. 

44. “Coquilles nouvelles recueillies par le Dr. Fr. Welwitsch dans 
1 Afrique équatoriale, et particulitrement dans les provinces portugaises 
d’Angola et de Benguella,” by A. Morelet, in Journ. Conchyliol. xiv. 
pp. 153—163: Paris, 1 April 1866. 

45. “Notice of a new Bat (Scotophilus welwitschii) from Angola,” 
by Dr. J. E. Grey, in Zool. Soc. Proc., 1866, p. 211, pl. 24: London, 
Oct. 1866. 

46. “Campanulacées du pays d’Angola recueillies par M. le Dr. 
Welwitsch,” by Alph. de Candolle, in Ann. Scienc. Nat., ser. 5, Bot. vi. 
pp. 323—333: Paris, 1866. 

47. “ Voyage du Dr. Friederich Welwitsch . . . . Mollusques ter- 
restres et fluviatiles,” by Arthur Morelet ; pp. 102, tt. 9: Paris, 1868. 

48. “Tichenes angolenses Welwitschiani,” by William Nylander, in 
Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, ser. 2, 11. pp. 508—521: Caen, 1868. 

49. “ Voyage de M. Welwitsch & Angola, 1854—1860, d’aprés le 
Sertum angolense,” by René Lucion, in Belgique Horticole, xxi. pp. 
318—324 : Liége, 1871. 

50. ‘“Choix de Cryptogames exotiques nouvelles ou peu connues : 
Mousses,” by J. E. Duby, in Mém. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxi. pp. 215—227, 
tt. 4 (1871), pp. 425—444, tt. 5 (1872) : Geneva, 1871-72. 

51. “Ona species of Luzula new to the flora of Europe discovered 
by Dr. F. Welwitsch, with a review of the Juncacez, collected by him 
in Portugal,” by Henry Trimen in Journ. Bot. x. pp. 129—135, t. 122: 
London, 1 May, 1872. 

52. “ As exploracdes phyto-geographicas da Africa Tropical .. . 
executadas pelo Dr. Friederich Welwitsch nos annos 1853 a 1861,” 
by Bernardino Antonio Gomes, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, iv., No. xiv., 
pp. 151—193: Lisbon, Jan. 1873. 

53. “On the development of the flowers of Welwitschia mirabilis 
Hook. fil.,” by W. R. McNab, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii, pp. 507—512, 
t. 40: London, 1873. 

54. “On Physotrichia, a new genus of Umbelliferse from Angola,” by 
W.P. Hiern, in Journ. Bot. xi. pp. 161, 162, t. 132 : London, 1 June 1873. 

55. ‘““Nymphzeaceee a Frederico Welwitsch in Angola lecte,” by 
Robert Caspary, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, iv., No. xvi. pp. 312—327 : 
Lisbon, Dec. 1873. 

56. “The Welwitsch Collections,” (by the Editor in) Journ. Bot. 
xiii. pp. 380—382: London, 1 Dec. 1874. 

57. ““Apontamentos para o estudo da Flora Portugueza,” by Count 
Ficalho, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, v. No. xviii. (June 1875), pp. 76—95, 
No. xix. (Jan 1876), pp. 129—145; vi., No. xxi. (March 1877), 
pp. 1—14, No. xxii. (Dec. 1877), pp. 81—96 ; vii., No. xxv. (May 
1879), pp. 25—36, No. xxvi. (Nov. 1879), pp. 69—84: Lisbon, 1875-79. 

These notes were chiefly based upon the valuable collection of 
Portuguese plants collected and scientifically arranged by Welwitsch. 

58. “The collections of the African scientific expedition ordered by 
the Portuguese Government in 1851, and the right of this Government 
to them, as brought before the English courts of justice,” by Dr. B. 
A. Gomes, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, v., No. xix., pp. 175—202 : Lisbon, 
Jan. 1876. 

59. “ Aves d’Angola encontradas nas collecgdes do Dr. Welwitsch,’ 
by J. V. Barbazo du Bocage, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, v., No. xx., pp. 258 
—263: Lisbon, Dec. 1876. 

60, “Statement regarding Dr. Welwitsch’s Angola Reptiles,” by 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. XX1l1 


Dr. Albert Giinther, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, v., No. xx., pp. 275, 276: 
Lisbon, Dec. 1876. 

Following this statement is a further note (pp. 276, 277) in 
Portuguese, by J. V. Barboza du Bocage. 

61. “ Noticia de alguns productos vegetaes importantes ou pouco 
conhecidos da Africa Portugueza,” by Count Ficalho, in Jorn. Scienc. 
Lisboa, vi., No. xxii., pp. 97—109: Lisbon, Dec, 1877. 

This paper makes large use of Welwitsch’s published writings and 
manuscript notes, 

62, ‘Report on the Liliacezw, Iridacer, Hypoxidacer, and Hemo- 
doraceze of Welwitsch’s Angolan Herbarium,” by J. G. Baker, in Trans. 
Linn. Soc., series 2,1., part 5, pp. 245—273, tt. 34—36 : London, Jan. 1878. 

63. “On the new Amaryllidacez of the Welwitsch and Schweinfurth 
expeditions,’’ by J. G. Baker, in Journ. Bot. xvi., pp. 193—197, t. 197 : 
London, 1 July 1878. 

64. “ Etudes sur les insectes d’Angola qui se trouvent au Muséum 
National de Lisbonne,’ by Manuel Paulino de Oliveira, in Jorn. 
Science. Lisboa, vii., No. xxv., May 1879, pp. 37, 38 ; “ Fam. Histeride,” 
by L’Abbé de Marseul and Dr. Paulino de Oliveira, pp. 39—43; 
‘Fam. Cantharide,” by L’Abbé de Marseul, pp.:43—67 ; No. xxvii., 
Feb. 1880, “Fam. Lycides,” by Joly Bourgeois, pp. 142—150; 
“Fam, Dytiscide,’ by M. Paulino d’Oliveira, pp. 151—154; “ Fam. 
Gyrinide,’ by M. Paulino d’Oliveira, pp. 154, 155; “Fam. Hydro- 
philide,” by M. Paulino d’Oliveira, pp. 156—158; viii, No. xxix., 
Dec. 1880, ‘“‘ Fam. Cicindelide et Carabide,” by F. Putzeys, pp. 21— 
48 ; No. xxx., June 1881, “ Ord. Orthopteres,’” by D. Ignacio Bolivar, 
pp. 107—119; ix., No. xxxiii., July 11882, “Fam. Scarabeide,”’ by 
Manuel Paulino de Oliveira, pp. 40—52 ; x., No xxxviii, June 1884, 
‘“‘Cerambycides,’ by Manuel Paulino de Oliveira, pp. 109—117: 
Lisbon, 1879—1884. 

65. “ Phyllorachis, a new genus of Graminez from Western Tropical 
Africa,” by Henry Trimen, in Journ. Bot. xvii. pp, 353-—355, t. 205 : 
London, 1 Dec. 1879. 

66. ‘‘ Hymenoptéres,” by O. Radoszkovsky, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, 
viil., No. xxxi., pp. 197—221, cum tab. : Lisbon, Dec. 1881. 

67. “The Cyperacez of the West Coast of Africa in the Welwitsch 
Herbarium,” by Henry N. Ridley, in Trans. Linn. Soc., series 2, ii., 
part vii., pp. 121—172, tt. 22, 23: London, April 1884. 

68. “Plantas uteis de Africa Portugueza,” by Count Ficalho; 
pp. 279: Lisbon, 1884. 

This work is a new edition of some articles which had been pub- 
lished in the Bol. Soc. Geograph. Lisb., under the title of ‘ Nomes 
vulgares de algumas plantas africanas principalmente angolenses” ; it 
is chiefly founded upon specimens of Welwitsch’s African herbarium, 
and largely incorporates, with acknowledgment, his manuscript notes 
and other writings. 

69, “ Curculionides d’Angola,” by W. Roelofs, in Jorn. Sciéenc. 
Lisboa, xii., No. xlv., pp. 48—56 : Lisbon, June 1887. 

70. “Two new Tropical African Asclepiadez,” by A. B. Rendle, in 
Journ. Bot. xxxii,, pp. 161, 162, t. 344: London, 1 June 1894. 

71.-“‘ New Tropical African Convolvulacee,” by A. B. Rendle, in 
Journ. Bot., xxxii., pp. 171—179 (1 June), and pp. 214, 215 (1 July) : 
London, 1894, 

72. “The plants of Welwitsch’s Apontamentos, etc.,” by James 
Britten in Journ. Bot. xxxili. pp. 70—77 (1 March) ; and a further 
paper under the same title, by W. P. Hiern, pp. 139—141 (1 May): 
London, 1895. 


XXi1V BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


73. “ New African Asclepiads,” by R. Schlechter and A. B. Rendle, 
in Journ. Bot. xxxiv. pp. 97—100, t. 358, fig. B.: London, 1 March 
1896. 


III. OrHEerR PUBLICATIONS TREATING OF PARTS OF THE COLLECTIONS 
WHICH WELWITSCH SUBMITTED TO THE SEVERAL AUTHORS. 


74. “Die Hichen Europa’s und des Orient’s,” by Dr. Theodor 
Kotschy ; tt. 40, with descriptions in German and French: Vienna, 
1862, n. 17. 

75. “On the Palms of Western Tropical Africa,” by Gustav Mann 
and Hermann Wendland, in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxiv. pp. 421—4389, 
tt. 3883—43 : London, 1864. 

‘76. “Description of three new Genera from West Tropical Africa, 
belonging to the natural orders Guttiferze, Olacinez, and Celastraceze,”’ 
by Professor Oliver, in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. pp. 42—44; read 20 Dec. 
1866 : London, 5 Sept. 1867. 

77. “Synopsis Filicum,” by Sir W. J. Hooker and J. G. Baker ; 
pp. 482: London, 24 July to April 1868. 

78. ‘‘Genera Plantarum,’’ by G. Bentham and J. D. Hooker; 1.,, 
part ii., pp. 433—725, Oct. 1865 ; part ii1., pp. xv, 721—1040, Oct. ? 
1867: London, 1865 and 1857. 

Several new genera, based upon Welwitsch’s African specimens, 
were first published in these parts. 

79. “Description of some new genera and species of tropical 
Leguminose,”’ by George Bentham, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. part i. 
pp. 279—320, tt. 33—40 ; London, 1865. 

80. ‘“Characeen Afrika’s,” by Alexander Braun, in Monatsber. 
Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. 1867, pp. 782—800, 873—944 ; Berlin, 1868. 

81. “Refugium Botanicum,” by W. Wilson Saunders; 5 volumes, 
1868—1873 ; i. t. 16, Uropetalum Welwitschii Baker: London, April 
1868. 

82. “Filices Africanee,” by Maximilian Kuhn ; pp. 233; Leipzig, 
1868. 

83. “A monograph of the Bambusacez, including descriptions of 
all the species,” by Colonel Munro, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. pp. 1—157, 
tt. 1—6: London, 1868. 

84. “Flora of Tropical Africa,’ by Daniel Oliver, assisted by other 
botanists ; Vol.i., pp. 14, xl., 479, July 1868; Vol. ii. pp. viii, 613, 
Sept. 1871 ; Vol. iil. pp. viii, 544, Oct. 1877 : London, 1868—77. 

“For our material from Lower Guinea, we are almost wholly 
indebted to the courtesy of Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch, who, with rare 
liberality, has freely granted us the opportunity of inspecting his 
collections, which, in respect of judicious selection and admirable 
preservation, are without rival. His carefully accurate notes upon 
the fresh plants have also been at our service. Without the access to 
Dr. Welwitsch’s Herbarium, this region would have been comparatively 
a blank in the present work. There remain but few Natural Orders 
treated of in the first volume, of which we have not had the opportunity 
of inspecting his specimens, and of these we may be able to embody 
the novelties in an Appendix. To this distinguished naturalist I 
tender the warmest thanks on behalf of my collaborators and myself.” 
—Vol. i. preface p. 9*. 

The very first species described in the book is one of Welwitsch ; 
he also supplied his Angolan material for the elaboration of the 
following 30 out of the 46 Natural Orders included in the first volume : 
Ranunculacex, Dilleniacew, Anonacesze, Nympheeaceze, Cruciferze, Cap- 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. XXV 


paridaceze, Violaceze, Bixinez, Pittosporeze, Polygalacese, Caryophylla- 
ce, Portulacez, Tamariscinex, Elatines, Hypericines, Guttifere, 
Dipterocarpez, Malvaceze (partly, only Gossypium anomalum Wawra), 
Sterculiacese (only Leptonychia wrophylla Welw.), Tiliaceze, Lineze, 
Malpighiacee, Zygophyllez, Geraniaces, Simarubez (partly), Olacinez, 
Tlicineze, Celastraceze, Rhamnez, and Ampelidee. 

For volume ii. Welwitsch supplied his African material for the 
following 16 out of the 21 Natural Orders included: Leguminose, 
Rosaceze, Saxifragaceze, Crassulacee, Droseracee, Myrothamnacez 
(Hamamelidexe), Halorageze, Combretacee, Myrtacez (only Petersia 
africana Welw.), Lythracez, Samydaces, Passifloreze, Cucurbitacee, 
Begoniaceze, Cactacez, and Ficoidez. 

For volume iil. Welwitsch supplied his material for the following 7 
out of the 14 Natural Orders included: Araliaceze, Rubiacez (partly), 
Dipsaceze, Compositze (only Gynura miniata Welw.), Goodenoviee, 
Campanulacez, and Ebenacez. 

85. ‘“‘ Piperacez,” by Cas. de Candolle, in de Candolle, Prodr. Syst. 
Nat. Veg. xvi., part 1, pp. 235°—471: Paris, 1869. 

86. “ Report on the Caoutchouc of Commerce,” by James Collins ; 
pp. xii, 47, with 2 maps and 4 plates: London, March 1873. 

(p. 28.) “To Dr. Welwitsch . . . belongs the credit of first identify- 
ing the plants yielding African caoutchouc.” Plate 4, Landolphia 
owariensis P. Beauv., was drawn from a specimen collected by 
Welwitsch. 

87. “ A monograph of Ebenacez,” by W. P. Hiern, in Trans. Cambr. 
Phil. Soc. xi., Part 1, pp. 27—300, tt. 1—11: Cambridge, 1873. 

On page 48 is given a list of 33 of Welwitsch’s African plants belong- 
ing to this Order. 

88. “‘ Podostemacez,” by H. A. Weddell, in De Candolle, Prodr. Syst. 
Nat. Veg. xvii., pp. 39—89: Paris, 16 Oct. 1873. 

89. “ Cytinacee,” by J. D. Hooker, in De Candolle, l.c., pp. 106—116. 


IV. OtTHer ZooLoGicAL PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO WELWITSCH’S 
SPECIMENS. 


90. “ Aves das possessdes portuguez da Africa occidental que existem 
no Museu de Lisboa,” by J. V. Barboza du Bocage, in Jorn. Scienc. 
Lisboa, 1. No. ii., March, pp. 129—153 ; No. iv., Dec., pp. 324—339, 
t. 6: Lisbon, 1867. 

91. “ Revision of the species of yrax, founded on the specimens in 
the British Museum,” by Dr. J. E. Gray, in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
Series 4, 1., No. i., pp. 35—51: London, Jan. 1868. 

92. “Les Myriopodes d’Afrique au Museum de Lisbonne,” by F. 
Santos Mattozo, in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, viii., No. xxxi., pp. 177—196, 
cum tab.: Lisbon, Dec. 1881. 

93. “ Ortopteros de Africa del Museo de Lisboa,” by Ignacio Bolivar, 
in Jorn. Scienc. Lisboa, series 2, i., No. ii., Sept. 1889, pp. 73—112, cum 
tab. ; No, iti., Dec. 1889, pp. 150—173 ; No. iv. March 1890, pp. 211—- 
232, cum tab, : Lisbon, 1889-90. 

94. “Les Damans d’ Angola,” by J. V. Barboza du Bocage, in Jorn. 
ae Lisboa, series 2, i., No. iii.. pp. 186—196, cum tab. : Lisbon, 

ec. 1889. 


“Tter Welwitschianum: Lepidoptera Angolensia,’ by Rudolph 
Felder, of Vienna. The manuscript of this work was finished by the 
author, who died on 29th March 1871 ; but it does not appear to have 
been printed. See Dr. J. R. Schiner, in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Gesellsch. 
Wien, xxii. Abh. p. 45: Vienna, 1872. 


ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 


The following corrections in nomenclature should be made :— 


Page 22, line 10, instead of NYMPHEA Tournf. L. read CASTALIA Salisb. 

in Konig & Sims, Ann. Bot. ii. p. 71 (1805).—Nymphea 
L. pro parte. 

» » 9 L1, instead of N. Lotus read C, mystica Salisb., Z.c., p. 73.— 
Nymphea Lotus. 

> 9» x 4 from bottom, instead of N. malabarica vead C. stellaris 
Salisb., l.c., p. 72.—Nymphea malabarica. 

» 24, ,, 11, instead of NASTURTIUM read RORIPPA Gesner ex Scop. 
Fl. Carniol. edit. 1, p. 520 (1760).— Nasturtium. 

9S g,:—«C: 2, instead of N. officinale read R. Nasturtium Rusby, Mem. 
Torrey Bot. Club, iii. No. 3, p. 5 (1893) (Roripa).— 
Nasturtium officinale. 

» 9 06) «24, instead of N. indicum read R. indica.— Nasturtium 
indicum. 

sys, «OL 2 from bottom, instead of N. humifusum read R. humifusa.— 
Nasturtium humifusum. 

,, 139, ., 18, instead of D. retroversum ZZiern, sp. n. read D. parvi- 
folium Eng]. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 136 (15 Sept. 1896). 


The following synonyms should be added :— 


Page 112, after line 3, Fagara Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 147 

(1896). 
\ 

» » line 7 from bottom, add Z. horridum Welw. ms. ex Ficalho, Pl. 
Uteis, p. 112 (1884). 

» 9, after line 6 from bottom, Yagara angolensis Engl. Bot, Jahrb. 
Xxill. p. 148 (1896). 

» 114, after line 4, Fagara ovatifoliolata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 150 
(1896). 

» » after line 28, Teclea grandifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii, p. 1538 
(1896). 

» 117, after line 20 from bottom, Vepris ? angolensis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 
xxiii, p. 151 (1896). 


I. RANUNCULACEZ. 


Aut the species of this natural order, which Welwitsch met with 
in Angola properly so called—that is, between the rivers Loge 
and Cuanza—inhabit the elevated regions in the interior of the 
country, and they belong exclusively to the genus Clematis, com- 
prising three scandent species and one elegant erect bush. 

The Ranunculacez in the Flora of Huilla, including the district 
of Bumbo, are represented by only three species of Clematis and 
one species of Ranunculus, thus by four species altogether ; never- 
theless they produce a striking effect upon the physiognomy of 
the forest landscape by the presence of immense masses of two 
erect species of Clematis, so that large tracts of pasture ground, 
situate amidst the forests, during the flowering season of these 
plants, look at a distance as if covered with snow; and this effect 
is enhanced by the white-flowering Cephalaria centauroides Roem. 
& Sch. (Welw. Herb. No. 522), which grows in company with 
them : this happens in the months of February and March, when 
extensive tracts of land are flooded after the rains which set in 
about October. 

On February 8th, 1860, during an excursion towards the con- 
fluence of the streams Lopollo and Feraéo, Welwitsch enjoyed 
ample opportunity to admire the scarcely imaginable magnificence 
of these species of Clematis; two species, each with whitish-red 
flowers 2 to 24 in. in diameter, and with stems 3 to 4 ft. high, 
are erect, whilst a third species climbs high up the forest trees 
and bears rather smaller white nodding flowers. 

Ranunculacez are chiefly natives of cold or temperate zones, 
and even in these climates they are prominent only in mountainous 
regions of the northern hemisphere: it is therefore not surprising 
that in Portuguese Guinea, which belongs to the equinoctial zone 
of the southern hemisphere, this natural order is not plentifully 
represented, and is only seen in the interior uplands. At the 
same time the species here found are mostly shrubby, or at least 
woody at the base; the Ranunculus alone forms an exception. 
Some of the Angolan species of Clematis may be reckoned among 
the most beautiful species of the genus, partly on account of the 
luxuriance of their beautiful flowers and brilliant feathery tufts, 
with which in fruit they adorn the landscape. 

Other families of plants, not specially belonging to the tropics, 

1 


2 I, RANUNCULACE. [ Clematis 


when occurring in tropical countries, are generally represented by 
unattractive exampies, as for instance in the case of Oxalidee, 
Primulaceze, Salicacez, etc.; the Ranunculacez, however, have 
representatives worthy of the tropics. 


1. CLEMATIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 3 (1862). 

This genus affords an illustration of what occurs in certain 
groups of plants, at least in tropical Africa—namely, that it is 
composed of species nearly always scandent in the shady and moist 
forests of the lowlands, but in the highlands and exposed regions 
provided with a poor sandy-rocky soil it is represented by species 
or their varieties remarkable for their erect habit. See Welwitsch, 
Sertum Angolense, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 30, observ. (1869). 


1. C. chrysocarpa Welw. apud Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 5 (1868), 
pro parte. 

C. villosa DC., 6. chrysocarpa, forms stipulata and angolensis 
O. Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxvi. p. 174 (1885). 


Hviiia.—Erect, 1 to 14 ft. high, sparingly branched ; lower leaves 
simple, toothed towards the apex ; upper leaves pinnately trifid ; sepals 
4 to 6, ovate-acuminate, white, 13 in. long. Im shortly bushy, rocky, 
rather dry stations, between Lopollo and Nene, at a place called Ferra 
de Sola, not abundant ; fl. Feb., fr. April 1860. No. 1222. 

A perennial sparingly branched herb, 14 to 2 ft. high, with large 
whitish flowers. In bushy, sandy pastures, near Lopollo, February 
and April 1860. CoLu. CARP. 67. 

To this species Oliver (/.c.) referred a specimen collected by Grant 
in the Usui district, 24° S. Lat., and figured with this name in Trans. 
Linn. Soc. xxix. i. tab. 1 (1872) ; that specimen, however, differs from 
the type by its fruit having a much paler colour, and may perhaps belong 
to C. Stuhlmanni Hieron. in Engl. Pflanz. Ost-Afrik. C. p. 180 (1895). 


2. C. villosa DC. Syst. Veg. i. p. 154 (1818); O. Kuntze. in 
Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxvi. p. 172 (1885). 
C. Stanleyi Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 589 (1843); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 


p, 6. 

Var. v. argentea (Welw.) O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 174. Form «a acuti- 
lobaad Welw. ms.). Punco ANDoNGO.—A very beautiful plant, in the 
living state decked in all parts with a silvery lustre ; stems numerous, 
from a woody root-stock strictly erect, 3 to 33} ft. high ; leaves pinnati- 
sect, mostly 5-foliolate; leaflets acutely incise-toothed, sometimes 
3-lobed. Frequent, in bushy stations about Quibinda, near Quisonda ; 
fr. March 1857. No. 1220.— Form 0} obtusiloba (Welw. ms.). 
Punco ANpDONGO.—Teeth and lobes of the leaflets obtuse, sometimes 
mucronulate. Collected with form a. No. 1220. 


Var. x. scabiosifolia (DC.) O. Kuntze, l.c.. p. 174. Huiiia.—A 
noble herb ; stems czespitose, erect, 2 to 4 ft. high, stout; leaves pin- 
natisect, rather rigid, 5-7-foliolate ; flowers often clustered, with a 
feeble but agreeable odour ; sepals 4 or 5, or occasionally 6, nearly an 
inch long, thick, whitish, or of a whitish-rose colour, or occasionally 
violet. Very abundant and variable ; near Lopollo, in hot wooded 
stations, especially in ornamental woods composed of Strychnos and 
Proteacee ; fl. Jan., fr. April 1860. No. 1221.—Form stenophylla. 
Hvi1Ltia.—Segments of the leaves narrower. With the last. No. 12210. 


Clematis | I. RANUNCULACE. 3 


To this variety apparently belong :— 

HvuriitiaA.—(1) A perennial undershrub, with numerous erect stems, 
3 to 4 ft. high. Lopollo, fr. 24 May 1860. Cou. Carp. 14. (2) An 
erect branched perennial herb; stems numerous; leaves divided ; 
flowers large, abundant, white or turning violet, together with other 
violet-coloured ones on the same plant. In wooded thickets, near 
Lopollo, abundant ; fr. middle of May 1860. Cou. Carp. 37. 


3. C. orientalis L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 543 (1753); Hook. f. & 
Thoms. Fl. Indica, p. 9 (1855). 

Var. y. Thunbergii O. Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxvi. p. 124 
(1885). 

C. Thunbergii Steud. Nomencl. Bot., edit. 2, i. p. 380 (1840) ; 
Harv. Thes. Cap. i. p. 6 t. viii. (1859); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 6. 

Huiiia.—In the more elevated wooded thickets, between Lopollo 
and Nene; fl. Feb., fr. May 1860. No. 1215. 

This No. has been divided by O. Kuntze into two, 1215 and 12150; 
the former, 1215, which has sepals nearly an inch in length, is the type 
of C. commutata O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 128; the latter, 1215, has sepals 
sometimes rather exceeding an inch in length. 

By dense thickets in wooded situations between Catumba and Ohai ; 
in flower-bud in April 1860. An undershrub, more tomentose and 
almost velvety, and with stouter branches ; possibly a distinct species. 
No. 1216. 

Var. 6. brachiata (Thunb.), and var. «. Wightiana (Wallich), 
O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 125. 

C. grata Oliv., U.c., p. 7, non Wall. 

GoLunGco ALtTo.—Near Carengue, in wooded stations amongst the 
mountains of the Eastern Queta ; fl. end of May 1856. No.1207. At 
the borders of forests in Sobato de Mussengue ; in flower-bud 12 June 
1856. No.1211. Between Muria and Caldlo, on wooded bushy slopes ; 
fr, Sept. 1857. No. 1212. 

CAZENGO.—Between Agnas Doces and Serra de Muxailo, in very dense 
and hot bushy stations, abundant; in flower and young fruit June 
1855. No. 1213. Between Trombeta and Agnas Doces, June 1855; a 
unique specimen, not represented in the British Museum set. No. 1213. 
Flowers numerous, small, white, thyrsoid ; fr. August and Sept. 1855 
(fl. June and July). Con. Carp. 175. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—On the high rocks of Pedra Songue, and at their 
base, in bushy places; fl. middle of April 1857. No. 1210. 

Var. ¢. simensis O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 126. 

C. simensis Fresen. in Mus. Senckenb. i. p. 267 (1837); Oliv., 
4.6.5: p,.6. 

BumpBo.—Serra de Xella, in the more elevated wooded thickets, about 
3000 ft. above sea-level, abundant; in late flower in June 1860. 


No. 1214. 


4. C. Welwitschii Hiern apud O, Kuntze in Verh. Bot. 
Brandenb. xxvi. p. 171 (1885). 

A somewhat pubescent shrubby climber, tall and widely 
spreading, woody at the base. Leaves bipinnatisect, 3-7-foliolate ; 
petiolules or rachis often much elongated and twisted like tendrils ; 
pinne mostly trifoliolate; leaflets oval-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, 


4 I, RANUNCULACE. [ Clematis 


rounded, or the larger ones wedge-shaped at the base, 3-lobed or 
tridentate, with or without smaller distant teeth terminating the 
veinlets ; teeth and lobes obtuse, mucronulate. Panicles terminal, 
erect ; floral branches patent, trichotomous, cymose, bearing several 
pedicels, rather exceeding the leaves. Flowers white, rather more 
than an inch in diameter; buds rounded; sepals oval obtuse, 
spreading, tomentose on both sides, 4 in. by 4 in.; stamens # in. 
long ; filaments flattened, slender, glabrous in the upper part and 
shaggy in the lower; anthers linear, ;/, in. long, glabrous. 

Punco AnponGo.—Near the river Cuanza, by thickets along the 
borders of little woods, in Sobato de Bumba, rather rare; in early 
flower at the end of March 1857. No. 1217. 
aus is the plant mentioned by Oliver (p. 7) as perhaps allied to 

. grata. 


5. C. pseudograndiflora O. Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. 
xxvi. p. 128 (1885). 

C. grandiflora Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 7, non DC. 

CazENGO.—Near Cacula, in dense forests composed of Coffea, etc., in 
Mata de Cabondo, but not abundant; not yet in full flower in June 
1355, No.1218. 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—By wooded thickets, in the elevated stations of 
Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia, but rather rarely met with ; fl. middle 
of July 1856. No. 1219. In the primitive forests of Mata de Quisu- 
cula, very rare ; fr. 8 Sept. 1855. No. 1219b. 


2. RANUNCULUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 5. 


1, R. pinnatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Méth. vi. p. 126 (1804) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 9; Journ. Bot. 1896, p. 88. 

R. pubescens Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 443 (1823). 2. membranaceus 
Fresen. in Mus. Senckenb. ii. p. 207 (1837). &. striatus Hochst. 
in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. i. n. 140; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, 1. 
p- 8 (1847). 

Bumpo.—At the base of Serra da Xella, near Bumbo, in primitive 
very shady forests, alongside rivulets, not uncommon; not yet in 
flower Oct. 1859. No. 1209. 

Huvu1Luia.—Along the banks of the streams of the Lopollo country, in 
rich grassy stations annually flooded in the rainy season, at an elevation 
of 5000 ft., in company with Satyrium Welwitschii Rehb. f. (Welw. 
Herb. No. 726); fl. and fr. from Jan. to April 1860. No. 1208. 

Near Lopollo, fr. April 1860, by streams. Cou, Carp. 83. 


Il. DILLENIACHZ. 


In the district of Golungo Alto one or two species of Tetracera 
occur, but not very frequently, in the dense, hot, steaming, 
primitive forests near Sange,; in the form of mighty creepers. 
In the district of Pungo Andongo an erect species of Zetracera 
occurs, an undershrub, a foot or rather more in height, with 
flowers three times as large as those of the Golungo Alto species. 
No other Dilleniaceze were collected in Angola, and none are 
reported from Abyssinia. 


Tetracera| Il, DILLENIACEE. | 5 


1, TETRACERA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 12. 


The same connection between station and habit is manifested 
in this genus as in Clematis, the species of the shady forests of 
lower Angola being widely scandent, whereas that of the interior 
elevated region has a short erect or ascending stem. (See 
Welwitsch, Sertum Angolense, p. 30, observ.). 


1. T. obtusata Planch. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 12. 
T. alnifolia DC. Syst. Veg. i. p. 401 (1818), non Willd. 


SreRRA LEONE.—A tall and widely climbing shrub ; leaves mostly 


cuspidate ; at the base of Sugar Loaf Mountains, near Freetown ; 
without flowers or fruits Sept. 1853. No. 1205. 
The specimen is insufficient to make this identification certain. 


2. T. alnifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 1243 (1799); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, i. p. 12, cum syn., non DC. 

T. Guillemini Steud. Nomencl., edit. 2, ii. p. 670 (1841). 7. 
Potatoria Afz. ex Steud., J.c. é 

GoLtunco ALTo.—A robust climbing shrub; trunk 24 in. in diam- 
at the base, twining, spirally embracing the trunks of other trees ; 
branches sarmentose to a great distance; leaves repand-dentate or 
toothed. In the more elevated forests of the mountains of Serra de 
Alta Queta, rather rare ; in flower and young fruit 21 May 1856 ; also 
at Sange, 23 May 1856; in company with Dichapetalum angolense 
Chodat (Welw. Herb. No. 4664). No. 1203. 


3. T. Boiviniana Baill. in Adans. vii. p. 300 t. 7 (1867); Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 13; variety with glabrous carpels. 

Punego ANDONGO.—A shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high ; stems numerous from 
the crown of the woody rootstock ; branches erect or ascending ; leaves 
rigidly coriaceous, rather rough on the upper surface ; flowers white, 
large, fragrant ; carpels dark, shining. In thickets on sandy clay, 
between the rivers Luxillo and Cuanza, sporadic ; in flower and young 
fruit, or occasionally barren, in the middle of Dec. 1856. No. 1206. 

This plant is apparently the shrub alluded to by Welwitsch, Aponta- 
mentos, p. 554, as probably a new genus. 


4. Tetracera, sp. ? 

GoLuNnGo ALTO.—A stout shrub, climbing far and widely ; branches 
very long, winged in some parts ; leaves deciduous, having the shape, 
size and margins of those of a chestnut. In dense, especially shady 
forests of the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta ; without either flowers 
or fruits, May 1856. No. 1204. 


II. ANONACEZ. 


The Anonacez seldom descend to the coast region, and then 
only along the banks of the large rivers, but chiefly abound in 
the hilly and lower highland regions, where they enliven the 
primitive forests with the glossy verdure of their foliage, and 
with the gracefulness of their habit; many of them are fine 
climbers, and others form majestic trees, among which two 
species of Monodora, the ‘‘Gipepe” of the natives, are the most 
notable (Welw. Apont. p. 554). The Anonacez, by their luxu- 


6 Ill, ANONACEZ. | Annona 


riant and many-coloured foliage, supply magnificent shades of 
colour to the primitive forests; and many of the species, by their 
fruits, which glow with the brightest scarlet-red, contribute to 
the peculiarities of the tropical flora; some of them, such as 
Annona, Monodora, etc., create admiration by the great size and 
woody consistency of their fruits; while others again, such as 
‘“‘ Gipepe” and ‘ Capella,” become articles of commerce, and have 
been celebrated for centuries, by reason of the aromatic character 
of their seeds. They prefer the densest primitive forests, with 
the exception of Annona senegalensis Pers., which was always 
found on bushy hills alongside rivulets and in sunny situations. 

Some species afford excellent timber, as for instance in the 
island of St. Thomas. 

There have been observed in Huilla, between 4000 and 5510 ft. 
alt., only one Xylopicrum and one dwarf Annona, the latter of 
which appears to be spread over most mountainous regions of 
tropical South Africa, and, what is a rare occurrence, is almost 
everywhere called by the natives by the same name, “ Maiolo,” 
** Mailolo,” ete. 


1, ANNONA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 27 (Anona). 


The fruits of both the cultivated and wild species of this genus 
rank amongst the most esteemed of any fruits; some of them 
have been celebrated for centuries on account of their aromatic 
seeds. An indigenous species in Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo 
is called “ Anona ana” (dwarf Anona) by the colonists, and 
“Malolo” or “ Maiolo” by the natives; it is well worthy of 
cultivation, having excellent fruit and a handsome appearance 
in that state. The arborescent species of the flora of Huilla and 
of the interior districts of Angola vary immensely in habit, as a 
consequence of the forest fires, which for ages wandering shepherds 
have repeatedly kindled. In the primitive woods, which have never 
been mutilated by the conflagrations, they have the proud bearing 
of noble trees ; whereas the same species on the pastures after the 
forest-fires grow in secondary thickets only in dwarf forms, or as 
low bushes, often scarcely a palm or a foot in height, but in dense 
clumps; and even in such a state are found to be gaily flowering 
and fruiting. (See Welwitsch Sert. Angol. p. 17.) 


1. A. reticulata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 2, p. 537 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
ATr 4: p. 1b. 
Anona africana Chr. Smith in Tuckey, Congo, p. 28 (1818). 


IcoLo E BeNnGo.—A little tree, 6 ft. high ; cultivated in the garden 
belonging to the convent of 8. Antonio do Bengo, where it is said to 
vale ree) introduced from Brazil ; fl. Dec. 1853. “‘ Fructo do Condo.” 

0. 748. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A small tree of 8 to 15 ft. in height, with spreading 
branches from near its base, or a tree of 20 ft.; flowers greenish- 
yellow ; petals of the outer series occasionally 4, of the inner 1 or 2 
feeble or wanting ; fruit oblong or variable in shape, nearly smooth, 
green, pleasant to the taste. Almost always wild, but also cultivated ; 


Annona| III, ANONACE. i 


in the denser secondary woods, chiefly along the river Cuango, between 
Sange and Undelle, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 749. Cultivated in 
the Governor's garden ; fl. Noy. 1854; called “ Fructo do Condo.” A 
unique specimen, No. 749). 

The following is doubtfully referred to this species :— 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLtANnpDs.—Semi-spontaneous, and form on dense 
thickets, 10 ft. high and more, on the slopes of Val de S. Domingo 
with young fruit (not shown in the specimen) Jan. 1861. No. 751. 


2. A. squamosa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 537 (1753) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
miei. p. 16: 

Cultivated in Angola under the name of “ Atta.” 

Novo Reponpo.—Seeds sent to Loanda in Feb, 1858, cultivated. 
Cou. Carp. 176. 

IsLAND OF MADEIRA,—Seeds, cultivated, Jan. 1863. Cou. Carp. 177. 

During his travels in Angola Welwitsch never saw this species, either 
in the public markets or in private gardens. 


3. A. Cherimolia Mill. Gard. Dict. edit. 8 (1768); Oliv. Fl. 
iron. Air: 1. p. 16. 

The Cherimolia, or ‘ Fructo do Condo,” was 150 years ago 
already a frequent table-fruit in Loanda, and one of the most 
esteemed fruits for dessert. Zucchelli, who dwelt in Angola and 
the Congo country as a missionary during several years from 
1699, says with reference to this, after treating of several other 
tropical fruits, ‘‘ Vi é parimente un’ altro frutto assai guasto al 
palato, e quanto alla sanita, molto pit: salubre dell’ Ananas, quale 
con ogni sicurezza si pud dare anche alle persone inferme, e per 
essere stato portato qua dall Indie Orientali da un Conte, si chiama 
comunemente frutto del Conte” (Zucchelli, Relazioni del Viaggio 
e Missione di Congo, 1712, p. 110). It is a regular commodity in 
the fruit-markets of Loanda, Benguella, Bengo, and other towns 
on the coast; it must be numbered amongst the best and noblest 
fruits of the tropics ; and it is further to be recommended because, 
when stored in cool, airy places, it will keep good for 6 to 8 days, 
and frequently longer, and by keeping acquires a still better 
flavour. In Angola it is the commonest of the cultivated species. 

BENGO RivEeR.—Scales of the fruit sub-confluent, scarcely conspicuous 
in the ripe fruit. Fruit obtusely ovoid, 4 to 6 in. in the longer diam. ; 
skin rather firm, green ; ripe flesh pulpy, milk-white, delicious, with an 
excellent butter-aroma. Seeds, cultivated, Oct 1860. Cou. Carp. 90. 

GoLuNnGo ALTO.—Cultivated. Fruit delicious, Jan. and March 1855. 
‘““Fructo do Condo.” Cou. Carp. 178. 


4, A.muricata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 536 (1753) ; Welw. Apontam. 
p. 587, n. 38, and p. 554; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 16; Monteiro, 
Angola, ii. p. 252 (1875). 

A. asiatica L., l.c., p. 537. 

Barra DO DanpE.—Cultivated in gardens and orchards on the right 
bank of the river Dande, near Bondo (also in the districts of Barra do 
Bengo and Icolo e Bengo, but less frequently) ; fl. end of Sept. 1858 ; 
‘“‘Sap-sap”’ of the colonists. A unique specimen. No. 750. 

IsLAND OF St. THomas.—In the wooded parts of Fazenda do Monte 


8 III. ANONACEA. [Annona 


Caffé, sub-spontaneous and cultivated; after the fall of the flowers, 
in Dec. 1860. ‘‘Sapo-sapo” or ‘Sap-sap” of the colonists. No. 750d. 

Novo REpDoNDOo.—Seeds, at the end of Feb. and in June 1858. 
“ Sour-sap” or “Sap-sap.” Con. Carp. 179. 

The aromatic seeds of this plant are called ‘‘ Empebi” by the natives 
(Monteiro, /.c., p. 252); and the fruits are commonly sold in the 
market at Loanda, and are frequent in other parts of Angola 
(Monteiro, /.c., and pp. 28, 297). The fruit is acid-sweet, not un- 
grateful in a tropical climate. 


5. A. palustris L. Sp. Pl. edit. 2, p. 757 (1762); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 16. 


IsLAND OF St. THomas.—In the more elevated woods of Fazenda do 
Monte Caffé, without flowers and in leaf Dec. 1860; native name 
“Nona.” <A unique specimen. No. 752. 


Another doubtful Anonacea from the same island, in densely wooded 
parts of the same mountain, perhaps spontaneous, of which only two 
leaves were gathered, has the native name ‘“‘ Nona Concha.” No. 753. 


6. A. senegalensis Pers., Syn. Pl. ii. p. 95 (1807) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
aati. p. 16; 


HvuiLtua.—A small shrub, varying from 9 in. to 24 ft. in height ; 
rhizome creeping, woody; stem sub-czspitose ; flowers greenish- 
yellow, sweet-scented ; petals very deciduous ; fruit pendulous, about 
the size of a pigeon’s egg or often larger, of a fine orange colour. Near 
Lopollo, in the denser rather moist and also in the dry sandy thickets, 
more or less flooded in the summer, at an elevation of 5000 to 5200 ft.; 
in very late flower in Oct. 1859, in young fruit in Feb. 1860, and in 
ripe fruit in April 1860. Native name “ Maiolo.” No. 747. 

A shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, with a creeping rhizome. Seeds, in Jan. 
1860. Named in Huilla “ Maiolo,” and in Golungo Alto ‘“ Malolo.” 
Cou. Carp. 11. 

CazENGO.—In dry hot thickets near Caculo, abundant but rarely in 
fruit. Seeds. Cou. Carp. 181. 


Var. cuneata Oliv., l.c. GoLunco ALTo.—A shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, 
gregarious ; leaves evergreen, mostly narrowed towards the base; 
flowers yellowish, fleshy, nodding ; fruit glabrous, somewhat com- 
pressed, acutely scaly, of a golden colour; pulp juicy, edible, of an 
orange colour. Mostly in dry sandy situations, at the edges of forests 
and on the rocky banks of the rivulets of the mountain of Mongolo 
Xixe, and near Sange, luxuriating in a moist atmosphere; abundant ; 
fl. Sept. and Oct. 1854, fr. from March to May 1855. Native name 
“ Dildlo-ambilo.” The fruit has a pleasant taste ; it is mostly devoured 
before maturity by monkeys and negroes. No. 745. A shrub, 1 to3 ft. 
high, stems rarely branched ; leaves large, elliptical ; ripe fruit droop- 
ing, edible, delicious, as large as a small apple, orange-yellow ; sarcocarp 
of the same colour, hard-spongy. Sange, Jan. 1855. Cou. Carp. 180. 
AmpBaca.—At the river Lutete, in thickets; with young fruit in Oct. 
1856. No. 746d. 


Var. glabrescens Oliv., /J.c., p. 17. Punao Anponco.—In hilly 
rocky elevated stations in the fortress, along streams, abundant at a 
place called Tunda Quilombo; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 746. A shrub 13 
to 23 ft. high; fruit of a deep orange colour, edible, pleasant. At 
Luxillo ; fr. April 1857. Cou. Carp. 182. 


Traria] III, ANONACES. 9 


2. UVARIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl. i. p. 23. Genus 
affine Uvarie vel novum, Welw. Apontamentos, p. 592, n. 113. 


1. U. angolensis Welw. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 23. Uva 
angolensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 7 (1891). 


Puneo ANDoNGO.—A tall, climbing shrub ; in the rocky woods of 
Barrancos de Catete, within the fortress, abundant; fl. Dec. 1856, 
fr. April 1857. No. 754. 

A shrub; branches either lax, slender, tortuous and elongated, or 
virgate and not scandent ; flowers yellowish-red, very few, in Jan. and 
Feb. 1857. A unique specimen. No. 756. 

A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high ; branches and branchlets spreading ; 
leaves bright-green above, paler and rather glossy beneath; flowers 
whitish-yellow ; in very shady woods near the river Cuanza, between 
Condo and Quisonde, rather rare ; fl. March 1857. No. 768. 

A stout shrub extensively climbing ; leaves coriaceous, remarkably 
shining ; flowers axillary, solitary, yellowish. Barranco Pedra Songue ; 
fr. April 1857. Coun, Carp. 184. 


3. XYLOPICRUM P. Browne, Jamaica, p. 250 (1756); 
Aylopia L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 28. 


1. X. africanum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 8 (1891). 
Aylopia africana Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 30. Melodorum 
africanum, Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxiii. p. 477 (1862). 


IsLanp or St. THomas—A handsome tree ; leaves coriaceous, shining, 
paler and sub-glaucescent beneath; petals valvate. In the more 
elevated dense primitive forests at Fazenda de Monte Caffé, about 
1800 ft. above sea-level ; sporadic ; sparingly in flower and in young 
fruit in Dec. 1860. Native name, ‘‘ Inhé branco.” No. 764. 


2. X. ethiopicum O. Kunize, J.c. 

Aylopia cethiopica A. Rich, Hist. Cub. Bot., i. p. 53 (1845) ; 
Oliv., Jc. Xilopia wndulata Pal. de Beauv. FI. d’Owar, i. p. 27, 
t. 16, fig. 5 (1804) as to the fruit only. 


GoLtunGo ALTO.—From the district of Hungo, on the north-eastern 
borders of Angola, whence the fruits are frequently exported by the 
inhabitants, who are called Mahungos. Fruits only, Sange, 1855. 
Negro name, ‘“ Capella” or “ Cabella.”’ No. 765. 

A shrub or small tree, with glaucous variously-coloured leaves. 
Serra de Alta Queta; seeds, April and June 1855. Name, “ Cabéla 
pequena.” Cou. Carp. 185. 

A medicinal drug of the Mahungos, tonic and stimulant. Name, 
‘““Sabongo.” Hungo. Fruits. Cou. Carp. 186. 

A drug from Hungo. Name “Cabéla.” Cou. Carp. 981. 

Cabella.—This drug consists of the fruits of a tree of the family 
of Anonacezx, which, as I was informed by the natives of the district 
of Golungo Alto, grows pretty frequently in the bordering lands of 
this district, especially in the territory of Hungo,—information which 
is confirmed by the circumstance of its being always the Mahungos who 
bring this drug to the markets of the coast, in the form of small rosaries, 
each of them selling for 50 to 150 Portuguese reals. These fruits give 
off an aromatic smell, strong and very agreeable, and the seeds which 
they contain, as well as all parts of the fruit, somewhat resemble in 
taste black pepper. The natives employ this spice in the seasoning of 
their food, as well as in the preparation of certain tonic or stomachic 
medicines. (Welw. Synopse p. 37.) 


10 II, ANONACES. [| Xylopicrum 


3. X. odoratissimum O. Kuntze, l.c. 

AX ylopia odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv., J.c., 31; Welw. Sert. p. 12. 

HvuiLia.—Bark bitter; flowers very fragrant, exceeded in the 
pleasantness of the aroma only by the species of Schrebera (Welw. 
Herb. nn. 933 to 939), but their fragrance far more intense. A 
stimulating and somewhat narcotic drink is prepared from a tepid 
infusion of the scarcely opened flowers. In wooded rocky mountainous 
stations on the southern side of Morro de Lopollo, abundant ; fl. Dec. 
1859 and Jan. and Feb. 1860, fr. April and May 1860. No. 757. 

In elevated woods, Lopollo ; fr. Jan. 1860. Cou. Carp. 92. 

It occurred in company with Schrebera Saundersie Harv., var. 
tomentella, in March 1860, in this situation, at an elevation of 5000 to 
5600 ft. (See Welw., Sert. Angol., p. 42.) 


4, OXYMITRA Hook. f. & Th.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
pp. 26, 957. 


1. 0.2 Welwitschii Hiern; Uvarie sp. nova? Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
AIE peo. 

An evergreen scandent shrub or a small tree 6 to 10 ft. high ; 
young parts puberulous; branches glabrescent; leaves oval- 
oblong, obtusely narrowed or somewhat acuminate at the apex, 
rounded or obtusely narrowed at the base, nearly glabrate, thinly 
coriaceous, rigid, rather glossy, suggesting a species of Pittosporwm, 
ranging up to 7 in. long by 2 in. broad; lateral veins very 
slender; midrib puberulous beneath; lower surface minutely 
glandular-dotted ; margins narrowly thickened-revolute, puberu- 
lous; petiole ;4, to § in. long, puberulous or glabrate; fruits 
solitary, lateral or terminating the branches, obsoletely tomentose ; 
peduncle glabrate or dusty-puberulous, rather thick, 4 to 13 in. 
long ; carpels very numerous, stipitate, 1-2-seeded ; ovules about 3, 
narrow, erect ?; style lateral; nearly ripe carpels unsymmetrically 
globose or ovoid, scarcely 4 in, in diameter ; stipes radiating, 13 in. 
long; albumen of the seeds ruminated. 

CAZENGO.—In bushy wooded places and open thickets, near Caculo, 
and in Mata de Cabondo ; with immature fruits in June 1855, No. 768. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In the deep wooded valleys and in the shady 


clefts of the gigantic rocks of Barrancos da Pedra Songue ; after the 
fall of the flower, in Jan. 1857. No. 769. 


2. Oxymitra, sp., near O. patens Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxiii. 
p. 471, t. 51 (1862); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 34. 


IsLaAND or Str. THomas.—Fruit lateral ; peduncle $ in. long ; stipes 
of the carpels 4 to 3 in. long; albumen ruminated. The timber is 
principally employed for the manufacture of oars, etc., on account of 
its elasticity and durability in water. In the dense more elevated 
forests of Fazenda do Monte Caffé ; with immature fruit in Dec. 1860. 
Name “ Inhé preto.” No. 755. 


5. UNONA L. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 24. 


1. U. lucidula Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 35. 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—One of the most beautiful bushes of the primitive 
forests, 5 to 10 ft. high, erect, or with lax patent or sub-pendulous 
branches ; sometimes a small tree ; leaves membranous-chartaceous 


Unona| Ill, ANONACES. 11 


flowers dark yellow. In the densest damp forests of the mountains of 
Serra de Alta Queta; abundant; fl. April, fr. July 1855-6. No. 758. 

In tolerably dense forests, composed chiefly of Acacia and Rubiacee, 
among the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta, at a place called Mangue, 
with young fruit in May 1856. No. 767. 

A shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, sometimes standing erect, at other times 
subscandent with elongate branches; leaves remarkably bluish-glau- 
cescent beneath ; fruit-carpels 2 to 6, moniliform, reticulate, scarlet. 
Serra de Alta Queta, April 1856. Cox. Carp. 193. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In wooded, very shady, rocky places in Barrancos 
da Pedra Songe, sporadic ; fl. April 1857. No. 762. 


Var. scandens. A scandent shrub with narrower leaves. GOLUNGO 
AutTo.—In palm groves, composed of Elwis guineensis Jacq., along the 
banks of the river Quiapoza, near Sange, but very sparingly ; not yet 
flowering in March 1856. No. 770. 


2. U. ferruginea Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 35. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A widely climbing shrub with very long branches 
and ferruginous-tomentose flexuous branchlets ; fruits pendulous. In 
the dense more elevated primitive woods of Serra de Alta Queta ; fl. 
Feb., in young fruit August 1856; rather rare. No. 761. 

A shrub with the habit of a little tree, and elongate subscandent 
lateral branches; in the primitive woods of Mata de Quisucula, near 
Bango Aquitamba ; fr. April 1855. No. 772. 

CazENGO.—In the humid woods of the mountains of Serra de Mux- 
aula, but sparingly ; fr. June 1855. No. 771. 


3. U. parvifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 36. 

Gotunco Atto.—A widely climbing shrub, conspicuous by the 
glaucous hue of its leaves; branches slender, bent, or even recurved, 
purple as well as the branchlets ; joints of the torulose scarlet fruit- 
carpels readily separating. In the densest primitive forests, on the 
southern slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta, towards the 
river Luinha, abundant ; fl. Dec. 1855, fr. July and August 1855 and 
1856 ; also on the northern slopes of Sobato de Bumba, towards the 
river Zenza; fr. Jan. 1856. No. 760. 

A little weak shrub climbing on various trees in the denser forests 
of Sobato de Mussengue, sporadic ; sparingly in fruit in August 1855. 
A unique specimen. No. 759. 


4, Unona? sp., Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 36. 

A shrub, widely climbing; branches and branchlets turning 
black, the ultimate ones often cirrhose-incurved ; leaves chartaceous- 
rigid, rather shining above, glaucescent beneath; fruit bright 
scarlet ; carpels 1-seeded, or more rarely biarticulate-moniliform 
and 2-seeded. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In dense shady wooded places, about Barrancos 
de Catete ; rather rare ; fr. end of Dec. 1856. No. 766. 

A stout shrub, climbing to a great height; leaves lanceolate, glau- 


cescent ; fruit pear-shaped oblong, of a brilliant scarlet colour ; pulp 
tinged with red. In forests near Catete, Dec. 1856. CoLu. Carp. 183. 


6. MONODORA Dunal; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. pp. 26, 957. 


Welwitsch never saw a member of this genus above 4000 ft. 
above sea-level. The continued growth of the corolla, even after 


12 III, ANONACES. | Monodora 


_ fructification, is a prominent character in this genus. Each of the 
Angolan species is called by the negroes “‘ N-pepe,” the plural form 
of which name is ‘“Jipepe,” ‘“ Gipepe,” or ‘ Xipepe.” The name 
is probably of Italian origin, i pepe, pepper, since the seeds of 
these plants are used by the negroes like pepper. It is well known 
that the negroes of Congo, Angola, etc., have adopted from the 
missionaries, who were Italians, a number of names for fruits, 
household utensils, etc., and have adapted them more or less to 
the structure of the Bunda language. 


1. M. Myristica Dun. Monogr. Anon., p. 80 (1817); Welw. in 
Journ. Linn. Soe. il. p. 151 (1859); Welw. Apont. pp. 582, 587; 
Welw. Synopse, pp. 30, 31; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 37; Welw. 
Sert. Angol. p. 11, obs. 

AXilopia undulata P. Beauy. Fl. d’Owar i. p. 27, t. 16 (excel. fr.) 
(1804). 

Var. grandiflora, J.c., p. 38. 

M. grandiflora Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. p. 474, tabb. 
52, 53 (1862). 

A vast, very beautiful tree, 30 to 60 ft. high and more; trunk 
at the base 1 to 23 ft. diam., erect, variegated with black and 
lead-colour ; branches spreading, the lower ones at length turned 
down, those towards the apex of the trunk constituting an 
elongate-ovate crown; timber white, durable; leaves coriaceous, 
sometimes rigidly so, rather glossy above, glaucescent on both 
surfaces, quickly turning dark-coloured; the midrib as well as 
the somewhat channelled petioles and the young shoots finely 
reddish, suffused with a glaucous hue; flowers very handsome, at 
first nodding, at length pendulous; peduncle long, furnished in 
the middle with a broad lax hooded greenish bract, reddish at 
the base; calyx trifid; lobes subpetaloid, reflexed, keeled ; corolla 
monopetalous, 6-parted; lobes all keeled, white at the base, 
undulate-crisped at the margin; outer ones variegated on the 
lamina with spots of flesh-colour and dark purple, as in Tigridia 
Pavonia Pers. ; inner ones shorter, cordate-spathulate, connivent 
at the apex and margins, rather striate than spotted, hoary- 
glaucescent ; stamens very numerous, densely crowded around the 
conical-cylindrical torus; anthers subsessile, whitish as well as 
the pollen-grains; ovary sessile on the apex of the torus, green, 
spherical, 1-celled, many-ovuled, terminating in a green, rather 
thick, sparingly pilose, more or less hemispherical stigma ; capsule 
globose, nearly as big as a man’s head, woody, very hard, pendu- 
lous, outside black, rather smooth ; peduncle woody, 13 to 2 ft. long. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—Sporadic but not unfrequent in dense primitive 
woods, from the bottom of valleys up to the highest ridges of moun- 
tains throughout the district, flowers from Nov. to Feb., fruits from 
March to May and August 1854 to 1857. Nos. 773, 777, 779, 780. 
Cou. Carp. 187, 188. 

St. Tuomas Istanp.—In mountainous wooded places of Fazenda 
do Monte Caffé; without flower Dec. 1860; native name “Jobo” 
(“Schobo”). A unique specimen. No. 778, In the elevated forests ; 


Monodora} III. ANONACEZ. 13 


seeds collected in August 1861, and sent to Lisbon in Dec. 1861. 
Cou. Carp. 189. 

The seeds of this fruit are much esteemed by the natives on 
account of their peculiar aroma, which resembles that of the nutmeg, 
and of which they frequently make use for various tonic, stimulating 
and stomachic medicines ; threaded rosaries of these seeds are met with 
in all the markets of the coast of Angola for inconsiderable prices 
when the caravans arrive from the interior, but they are much dearer 
at other times. These fruits come from one of the most handsome 
and bulky trees of the interior of the province, a remarkable ornament 
of the primitive forests of Golungo Alto, Cazengo, Alto Dande and 
Dembos (Welw. Synopse, pp. 30, 31). 


2. M. angolensis Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iii. pp. 151, 154 
(1 Feb. 1859); Welw. Apont. pp. 582, 587; Welw. Synopse, 
p. 31; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 38; Welw. Sert. p. 10, tab. 1. 


Var. a, sempervirens Oliv., l.c., p. 39. Adult leaves rigid, thinly 
coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, green, not glaucous, evergreen, 
2 to 3 in. long; petiole glaucous. PuNGo AnDonGo.—In wooded, 
rocky, elevated situations, by the clefts of the loftier rocks, on the 
eastern and southern sides of the fortress; fl. Nov. 1856, with ripe 
fruit May 1857, sporadic and rather rare. No. 774. 


Var. 8, decidua. Leaves sub-membranous or thinly coriaceous, sub- 
deciduous, 3 to 4 in. long. GoLuNGo ALTO.—In the more elevated 
primitive forests of Serra de Alta Queta, sporadic; fl. middle of Dec. 
1855. No. 776. 


Var. y, macrophylla. Leaves coriaceous, dull-green and shining 
above, paler beneath, but not at all glaucous; 4 to 7in. long. PuNGo 
ANDONGO.—In wooded rocky places, at the east side of the fortress, 


behind Caghuy, where only one tree was seen; in young fruit in 
Jan. 1857. No. 775. 


The following belong to this species :— 


GoLtuNGOo ALTO AND CAzENGO.—Fruits globose, 32 in, in diam. In 
primitive forests, frequent. Cou. Carp. 192, 1920. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree with papery not coriaceous leaves ; fruits 
ellipsoidal, longitudinally and sub-acutely ribbed, half the size of those 
in the last species. In the more elevated thin woods, sporadic. COLL. 
Carp. 190, 191. 

Gipepe (Jipepe or Xipepe) de Songa.—Is a second species of 
Monodora which is distinguished from J/. Myristica, besides other 
important characters, by the ellipsoidal form of the fruit; this tree, 
which never attains so great dimensions as the Myristica of Golungo 
Alto, grows in the district of Pungo Andongo and in the country of 
the Musongos; and its seeds are valued and employed by the natives 
in precisely the same manner as those of the above-mentioned species. 
—Welw. Synopse, p. 31. 


IV. MENISPERMACEA. 


The greater portion of Menispermaceze inhabit the damp 
primitive woods of the mountainous region; and all of those of 
Angola proper are handsome climbers, although their flowers are 
not conspicuous. 

Welwitsch in his manuscripts remarks on the difficulty of 


14 IV. MENISPERMACEA. [ Chasmanthera 


discovering flowering specimens of this Order because of the small 
size and usually green colour of the flowers, and on the difficulty 
of defining the species on account of their dicecious character; he 
also speaks of the great magnificence of the foliage of most of the 
species, and of the large quantity and deep red or orange colour 
of the fruit of several of them. Many species occur singly in the 
primitive forests, like hermits; their foliage mostly near the 
summit of the trees, with their flowers and fruits on the naked 
trunk or branches, mostly hidden in the densest thicket. Many 
possess healing qualities in the roots, stems, and fruits. Almost 
all have very tenacious stems, often 30 to 60 ft. in length, which 
are employed by the negroes as ropes, so that in some districts 
the species become rare or altogether disappear. 


1. CHASMANTHERA Hochst. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 34. 


1. C. strigosa Welw. ms, in Herb. 

A robust shrub, dicecious; stem 4 to $ in. diam., at length, 
climbing high with weak flexuous strigose-hispid branches and 
branchlets, hanging down from trees as from a pillar; leaves 
orbicular, deeply auriculate-cordate at the base, palmately veined, 
quite entire or vaguely sinuous, 3-lobed, mucronate by excurrence 
of the veins (or retuse) at the apex of the leaf and of its vague 
lobes, membranous-chartaceous, strigose-hispid, 4 to 9 in. diam. ; 
petiole rather shorter than the blade, hispid. Flowers in elon- 
gated slender hispidulous racemes. Male flowers about qo in. 
diam. before expansion, on short slender unequal pedicels ; in 
little clusters 3 to 4 together in the axils of the filiform-subulate 
bracts, which about equal the longer pedicels; racemes 14 to 
2 ft. long; calyx 6-sepalous, in two series; the outer 3 narrow, 
sub-herbaceous, pilose-hispid outside, with golden-tawny hairs, the 
inner 3 broad, imbricated, subpetaloid, hispid along the middle of 
the back, obtuse, hooded at the apex and bearded with elongated 
golden hairs ; petals 6, waxy-fleshy, greenish yellow, rather smaller 
than the interior sepals, all concave, glabrous, obtuse; stamens 6, 
central, united in a column, half way or nearly up to the insertion 
of the anthers, glabrous ; anthers short, yellow, 2-celled, dehiscing 
longitudinally (vertically), cells opposite not confluent; ovary 
altogether deficient. Female flowers in shorter racemes than the 
male ; pedicels solitary, firmer ; calyx and corolla as in the male 
flowers, but 3 larger in all parts ; staminodes 6, free, without 
anthers ; eanpels a obliquely ovoid, rather compressed, ‘glabrous, 
placed on a short fleshy gynophore, reddish brown, free at the 
base, united at the apex by the base of the styles ; styles short, 
straight ; stigmas bifid, reflexed; lobes more or less subulate, all 
directed outwards. 

GoLuNGoO AtTo.—Sporadic in the denser primitive woods, near the 
streams Delambra and Quiapoza, Sobato de Mussengue and Sobato da 
Bumbosa ; with male flowers at the beginning of Nov. 1855, with 
female flowers in the middle of Nov. 1855 5, with fruit in May 1856 
(in the British Museum ¢ only). No. 2326. 


Chasmanthera | IV. MENISPERMACE. 15 


Jateorhiza strigosa Miers, Contrib. ili. p. 29 (Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
p. 42), from Congo and Fernando Po, appears to differ. 


The following may belong to this species :— 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—A strong dicecious shrub, climbing toa great height, 
and then hanging down ; tomentum of the stem rufous-ferruginous ; 
leaves more or less lobed after the fashion of species of Croton. 
Roadway near Mussengue ; fr. Jan. 1856. Cou. Carp. 197. 


2, TILIACORA Colebr.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 36. 


1. T. chrysobotrya Welw. ex Ficalho, Pl. Uteis Afric. Port. p. 87 
(1884). 

Cocculus sp., Welw. Synopse, p. 29, n. 69; Tvriclisia chrysobotrya 
Welw. ex Ficalho, /.c. 

A robust glabrous arborescent shrub, climbing to a great 
height, evergreen ; trunk at the base usually 3 to 3 ft. diam. ; 
branches even thicker, voluble ; bark dark-purple, glossy ; branch- 
lets very tenacious; leaves elliptical, acuminate or cuspidate, 
wedge-shaped at the base, coriaceous, rather glossy, of nearly the 
same colour on both surfaces, clearly 3-nerved at the base, 143 to 
43 by 13 to 23 in.; petiole glabrous, 3 to 1 in. long, usually bent 
or flexuous and slightly thickened near the apex; inflorescence 
cymose-racemose or paniculate, at length pendulous, elongated, 
issuing from the leafless trunk; branches slightly puberulous ; 
flowers greenish. Male flowers: outer sepals 6 to 8, unequal, 
imbricated, pubescent ; inner sepals 3, glabrous, thick, valvate 
in estivation, shortly acute and hooded-inflected at the apex; 
petals 3, very small, spathulate, squamiform, alternating with 
the innermost sepals ; stamens 6, three or more times the length 
of the petals; filaments flattened, more or less united at the base 
or free; anthers large, obtuse, cells longitudinally turgid ; ovary 
altogether absent or occasionally represented by a bundle of hairs. 
Female flowers: carpels glabrous, 24 to 30 or more; styles 
subulate ; fruit-carpels several (12), obovoid-oblong, gibbous, not 
much compressed laterally, glabrate ; 13 in. long, shortly stipitate, 
drupaceous, orange-coloured, with smell and taste of the fruit of 
Prunus Padus L.; the scar of the style lateral, near the base, 
next the hilum ; seed induplicate after the manner of the genus ; 
albumen apparently ruminated. 


GoLunco ALTo.—In primitive woods of Serra de Alta Queta, fre- 
quent but rarely flowering, fl. March 1856, fr. Feb. 1855. Native 
name “ Xib” or “ Abutia.” No. 2308. Cox. Carp. 196 (partly). 

Wood abnormal, almost as in Piperaceze. Couu. Carp. 944. 

The Butua, or Abutua as it is generally called, is a robust climber, 
and is met with in the virgin forests of the mountainous districts, and 
especially in those of Golungo Alto, Cazengo,and Dembos. The trunk 
of this shrub not rarely attains 1 to 13 ft. in circumference, and is of 
a very remarkable structure ; the natives employ the pounded roots as 
well as the leaves, branchlets, bark of the trunk, and the fruits as a 
decoction against diarrhoea, gonorrhcea, and various other distempers, 
especially long-established syphilis, much commending the infallible 
efticacy of this remedy, which they moreover apply in cases of snake- 


16 IV. MENISPERMACEE. [ Ziliacora 


bites and as a sudorific in constipation, Welw. Synops. p. 29. Com- 
pare Welw. Apont. p. 554. 


3. CHONDODENDRON Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. p. 132 (1794); non 
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 34. 


1. C. (?) macrophyllum Hiern, sp. n. 

An ample robust shrub, 10 to 15 ft. high, widely climbing, 
rather rigid; branches terete; shoots elongated, voluble, covered 
with a rusty velvety tomentum; older branches glabrescent ; 
wood of the stem sometimes 2 in. in diam., very hard; branches 
very tenacious, and even after being dried for a long time 
remarkably elastic. Leaves orbicular or cordiform, cuspidate, 
broadly cordate or nearly rounded at the base, rigidly but thinly 
coriaceous, glabrate, bright green and very glossy above, beneath 
pale and with raised tawny-pubescent veins, ranging up to 6 by 5 
in. ; petiole spreading, rusty-tomentose, at the apex thickened and 
curved-reflexed, ranging up to 3 in. long. Flowers fragrant, 
sparse, met with on stems several years old ; fruiting stems always 
without leaves up to the height of 6 to 8 ft., where the fresh 
ramifications begin. Male flowers clustered in short axillary 
racemes, short, sessile, surrounded by bracts exceeding the flowers, 
on all sides clothed with dense dark-golden hairs; outer sepals 
15 or 18, orbicular-ovate or transversely oblong, obtuse, rather 
rigid, all imbricated, gradually greater inwards ; the 6 taller ones, 
enveloping the petals, greater than any of the others and nearly 
equal among themselves, glabrous on the inner surface. Inner- 
most sepals 3, valvate, altogether covered by the outer sepals, 
thick, rigid, including the stamens; petals 6, very small, shorter 
than or searcely as long as the filaments, obovate, opposite to the 
filaments ; stamens 6; filaments erect, shorter than the anthers, 
not cohering except the base; anthers erect, ovate-oblong, rather 
obtuse, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent ; cells vertically adnate 
to the thick connective ; ovary deficient, but represented by a little 
bundle of golden-tawny rigid fragile hairs in the centre of the 
flower. Female inflorescence lateral or axillary, 3 to 1 in. long; 
carpels 12 to 18, tawny-tomentose; fruit-carpels numerous (7), 
tawny-tomentellcus, obovoid-oblong, rather compressed laterally, 
gibbous, 2 in. long, 3 in. broad, 3 in. thick, stipitate, 1-celled but 
with a partial septum from the base to near the top of the cell; 
stipes } to 4 in. long, tawny-tomentose. Seed solitary, elongated, 
bent in the middle through 180° over the partial septum of the 
fruit; albumen 0. 


GoLunco ALTo.—In very dense and shady woods of Serra de Alta 
Queta, sparingly and usually solitary ; Jan., March, and April 1856 in 
leaf without flower or fruit, fl. June 1856, with nearly ripe fruit 
August 1856. No. 2307. Cou. Carp. 195. 

In general appearance the specimens closely resemble 7riclisia macro- 
phylla Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 48, a plant from Fernando-Po. 

The genus of this plant is uncertain ; perhaps it is a new type. 
Chondodendron differs by the filaments curved at the apex, and by the 


Chondodendron | IV. MENISPERMACES. Le 


apiculate connective in the male flower, as well as by the fewer (6) 
carpels in the female flower. 

The following extract may refer to this species :— 

Mucéco.—By this name the negroes of Hungo and of Alta Queta (a 
district of Golungo Alto and the country of the Mahungos) designate 
a robust creeper of this Order, which in habit much resembles the 
Abutua [Tiliacora chrysobotrya Welw.], but differs from Abutua in the 
shape of its leaves, which are cordiform, and by the ferruginous velvet 
with which its leaves and fruits are covered. The use which the 
negroes make of this plant, the root as well as the leaves and fruit, is 
exactly the same as of Abutua, although the latter is reputed by them 
to be more efficacious, which quality must be attributed to the greater 
proportion of resin which it contains in almost all its parts (Welw. 
Synopse p. 46). 


4, TRICLISIA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 39. 

1. T. (t) Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

A scandent shrub usually decumbent over other shrubs; 
branches terete, pilose-hispid, twining towards the extremities ; 
leaves ovate, obtuse or mucronate, broadly cordate at the base, 
thinly coriaceous, tending to rigidity, glabrescent above, with 
scattered pubescence beneath, entire, 5-7-nerved at the base, 
3 to 35 by 2 to 23 in.; petiole patent, pilose-pubescent, 14 to 
1? in., curved near the apex. Male plant unknown. Female 
flowers greenish, § in. long, broad, on short or unequal pedicels, in 
axillary cymes scarcely as long as the petiole; sepals 12, obtuse, 
imbricate, hairy at the back; the 3 outermost very small and 
nearly equal, the next gradually larger ; petals (innermost sepals?) 
6, imbricate, small, obovate, glabrous on both surfaces but ciliate 
round the margin; stamens 0; carpels 4, substipitate, half-ovate, 
very densely pilose and surrounded by dense pilose hairs; style 
lateral at the apex, glabrous, erect ; fruit unknown. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In very shady places of Mata do Pungo, very 
rare, only one individual found in flower. No. 2309. 

In consequence of the male flowers and fruit being unknown, the 
genus is doubtful; 7. subcordata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 49, bears 
a general resemblance to this, but it differs by more numerous carpels 
as well as by other characters. 


5. SYNCLISIA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 36. 


1. 8. scabrida Oliv. ex Miers Contrib. iii. p. 371, t. 148 (1867); 
Ghiy=-EL Trop. Afri, p..49. 


GoLtunco Autro,—A climbing shrub or undershrub, with Meni- 
spermaceous habit, but also resembling Dichapetalum, and in the dry state 
suggesting Diospyros Barteri Hiern. Leaves opaque-green, dry, rigidly 
chartaceous. Exterior sepals of the male flowers 6, lanceolate, densely 
beset outside with elongated hairs ; interior sepals 3, twice the length 
of the outer, thick-fleshy, almost coriaceous, united in a valvate manner 
into a cup 3-lobed at the apex, minutely but densely crisped-pilose 
near the united margins, otherwise glabrous. Stamens 9; filaments 
united at the base ; anthers 2-celled ; cells didymous, longitudinally 
dehiscing. <A bundle of straight hairs in the centre of the filaments 

») 


= 


18 IV. MENISPERMACEA. | Synclisia 


far exceed the anthers. Petals very small, at the outer base of the 
filaments, 3 or 4; perhaps they are reduced filaments. In very dense 
and shady primitive woods of Serra de Alta Queta, one specimen in 
male flower-bud, Feb. 1856. No. 1272. A twining little shrub, widely 
climbing, in flower-bud, Alta Queta, Jan. 1856, rather rare. No. 1272b. 
A scandent shrub, with slender stem, in woods of Queta, without flower 
or fruit, Oct. 1855. No. 1272c. <A slender little shrub, widely but not 
highly climbing, stem 5 ft. high; a form with exactly cordate leaves, 
in very shady places of Serra de Alta Queta, sporadic, without fl. or fr. 
Oct. 1855. No. 1272d. 


6. CEBATHA Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. p. 171 (1775). Cocculus 
DC.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 36. 


1. C. pendula O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 9 (1891). 

Cocculus Leceba DC. Syst. Veg. i. p. 529 (1818); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. 1. p. 44. 

A climbing shrub; branches now and then twining, mostly 
deeply pendulous; drupes in the living state spherical, of the 
form and size of a small pea. 


CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDs.—St. Jago, in thickets in the interior of the 
island, near Praia, etc., climbing on various trees, fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. 


No. 2320. 


2. C. hirsuta O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 9. 
Cocculus villosus DC.; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 45. 


MossaMEpEs.—A slender undershrub, at first decumbent with hastate 
angular leaves, soon widely scandent with ovate-elliptical leaves, 
twining ; stems 3 to 6 ft. long; leaves all softly hairy; flowers 
greenish ; petals bifid. In rocky places composed of red sandstone 
near Boca do Bero, not frequent, in young male flower in July 1859, 
No. 2815. 

BENGUELLA.—A decumbent ascending little shrub, subscandent ; 
petals bifid. In sandy stony thickets between the rivers Cavado and 
Cotumbella, in young male flower in June 1859. No. 2316. 

BumsBo.—Stem-leaves mostly angular-lobed. In high bushy places 
on a red clayey soil near Bruco, at the base of Serra da Xella, fl. and 
fe Och, 1e50.. INore2al9, 


7. CISSAMPELOS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 37. 


1. C, Pareira L.Sp. Pl.-edit. 1, p. 1031 (1753); Oliv, Wl Peep 
Afr. 1. p. 49. 

A very variable plant, comprising, in the opinion of Miers, 
many distinct species. 

Barra DO Benco.—An undershrub, 2 to 8 ft. long, widely climbing 
but not high, much twining; flowers pale yellowish green ; drupes 
sparingly pilose. Frequent in palm groves and by crops of Euphorbi- 
aceee, etc., from Quifandongo to Barra do Bengo, fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. 
No. 2310. 

GoLunGco ALtTo.—An ashy green herb, 4 to 7 ft. long, much twining, 
dicecious ; male flowers yellowish; drupes scarlet, hirsute, globose, as 
big as a pea, 4-furrowed at the base; seed solitary, horseshoe-shaped, 
striate-rugose on the margin. Very frequent in exposed places at the 
margins of thickets, throughout the whole district, and flowering as 


Cissampelos | IV. MENISPERMACES. us, 


well as fruiting during nearly the whole year; heights of Camilungo 
Dec. 1854, Trombeta and Sange Sept. and Oct. 1855. No. 2311. Cou. 
Carp. 198. 

PunGco ANDoNnGo.—An elegant twining herb; root woody, persistent ; 
leaves in the living state ashy-tomentose on both surfaces ; flowers 
green. In rather dry exposed hilly places, investing small shrubs, be- 
tween the fortress and Caghuy, in young flower Feb. 1857. No. 2317. 


Var. deglabrescens Welw. ms. Fruit quite glabrous ; cotyledons 
oblong-linear, obtuse, cohering ; albumen moderately copious, waxy, 
continuous. BuMmBo.—Sporadic in thickets at the margins of woods of 
“Mutuate” (Copaifera Mopane Kirk), between Bumbo and Bruco ; in 
female flower and fruit Oct. 1859. No. 2312. 


Var. reniformis Welw. ms. Leaves reniform. Hu1iia.—In rocky, 
sparingly bushy places between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola, sporadic, 
fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 23814. 


Var. asperifolia Welw. ms. Leaves somewhat peltate, rather rough. 
GoLunco ALtTo.—Sporadic in the primitive woods of Quisucula, near 
streams in rather shaded places, in male flower Jan. 1855. No. 2318. 


Var. owariensis Oliv.,/.c., p. 46 ; C. owariensis Pal. de Beauv. ex DC. 
Prodr. i. p. 100 (1824). CazEnGo.—A very slender, twining, dicecious, 
ashy-green, widely climbing herb ; drupe pilose, girt by an acute shortly 
winged margin. Rather rare by dense thickets at the skirts of woods 
along the banks of the streams Luze and Luinha, near their confluence 
at Muxaula; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 2318. 


8. STEPHANIA Lour.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 37. 


1. §. rotunda Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 608 (1790). 

S. abyssinica Walp. Rep. i. p. 96 (1842); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
pf. 

A slender glabrous twining shrub, 10 to 15 ft. long, widely 
climbing, distantly branched ; leaves 2 to 4 in. long and nearly 
as broad, peltate, broadly ovate, cuspidate or mucronate, rounded 
straight or slightly hollowed at the base, glaucous beneath, mem- 
branous but rather rigid; petiole 2 to 4 in.; flowers yellowish- 
green, in compound umbels; peduncle slender, to 23 in. long, 
subaxillary. Anthers 6 or 7, whitish ; cells of all the anthers 
confluent ; embryo horseshoe-shaped. 

Huiitia.—At the margins of woods near the lake Ivantala, climbing 


on species of Acacia and on Brachystegia tamarindoides (Welw. No. 585), 
in male flower and fruit in Feb. 1860. No. 2322. 


2. S. letificata Benth. & Hook f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 962; Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 47; var. angolensis. 

GoLtunGco ALTo.—A sarmentose shrub, far and widely climbing, or a 
twining undershrub ; stem slender, climbing toa great height, tortuous, 
rigid, elastic, beset as well as the petiole with long soft harmless hairs ; 
leaves peltate, lamina perpendicularly pendulous; flowers dicecious. 
Male flowers greenish (after the manner of an Urtica), in supra-axillary 
panicles ; calyx 6-phyllous ; segments obtuse, sub-concave, in two rows, 
the inner ones much longer than the outer; petais 3, rather convex, 
very obtuse, yellow-green, rather fleshy, much broader than the calyx- 
segments and as long. Stamens united into a column thickened at the 


20 IV, MENISPERMACE&. | Stephania 


peltate apex ; anthers 6, edging the peltate apex, transversely oblong, 
simulating a 6-lobed stigma, transversely dehiscing, almost quite con- 
tiguous or confluent. Sporadic in damp primitive woods at the banks 
of the river Delamboa and of the stream of Capopa; in male flower 
at the beginning of Dec. 1855. No.2323. At the borders of primitive 
woods about the base and in the elevated valleys of Cungulungulo ; not 
yet in flower Feb. 1855. No. 2323). 

CazENGO.—A shrub with far and widely climbing, elongated, very 
tenacious, slender, flexuous stem, decking the neighbouring branches 
of trees with a dense crown ; leaves large, peltate, of a pretty green 
colour; flowers yellow-greenish, bursting from the stem before the 
appearance of the leaves, very caducous; petioles with a rather fragile 
attachment at their insertion. Sporadic in the very dense primitive 
woods of Serra de Muxaiila, by streams ; a young plant in leaf without 
flowers, and plants in flower but without leaves, Jan. 1855. No. 2325. 
_ Punco AnponGo,—A tall and widely climbing shrub, attaining 30 ft. 
in length ; stems rope-like, and on that account frequently employed 
for cords, at least for a certain height, at the time of the flowering 
when the leaves are absent. Rather rare in the primitive woods of 
the fortress in the Mata do Pungo; in flower without leaves Jan. 1857. 
No. 2324. 

From the want of female flowers and fruit, the determination of the 
genus is uncertain. 


3. §.(?) eyanantha Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A slender, rather flexuous, bright green, glabrous shrub, para- 
sitical on Adansonia digitata L., moneecious (?), branched from the 
base; branches rope-like, pendulous, 3 to 6 ft. long, with distant 
branchlets. At the base of the branches and also of the peduncles 
are thick cartilaginous orange-coloured semi-orbicular scales. 
Leaves deltoid-orbicular, or rarely reniform, usually pointed to- 
wards the apex, rounded below, peltate, glossy, glaucous beneath, 
chartaceous (in the dry state), entire repand or obsoletely angular, 
2 to 3 by 12 to 22 in.; petiole slender, 14 to 2 in., inserted in 
the lamina about 3 to 3 part about the base of the latter. Male 
flowers numerous, small, deep-blue, arranged in small crowded 
hemispherical pseudo-umbellate lateral cymes of 3 in. diam. on 
the leafless branches; common peduncle abbreviated; sepals 6, 
imbricate, broadly rounded ; petals 3 or 5, shorter than the sepals, 
truncate, sometimes placed so near together as to form nearly a 
shallow cup, sometimes occurring only on one side of the flower ; 
anthers 6 to 9, transversely dehiscing, sub-confluent, inserted in 
a peltate manner on a very short column. Ovary 0. Fruiting 
cymes similar, 1 to 1} in. diam. Female flowers unknown. 
Drupes (nearly ripe) reniform-orbicular or sub-reniform, ¢ to } in. 
diam., somewhat compressed, greenish, 1-celled, l-seeded; seed 
reniform or somewhat horseshoe-shaped; albumen scarcely any 
or thinly mucilaginous; cotyledons of the same shape as the seed, 
flat, obliquely obovate, very tender ; radicle short. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Parasitical on old branches of Adansonia, near 
Calunda, within the fortress, but very rarely met with ; leafy branches 


in fruit in Jan. 1857, and leafless branches in male flower on the same 
Adansonia in May 1857. No. 2321. 


Epinetrum | IV. MENISPERMACES. aa 


9. EPINETRUM Hiern, gen. nov. 


Diecious. Male flowers axillary, about 3 together, clustered, 
subsessile, bracteate. Outer sepals 6, ovate, puberulous, imbri- 
cate, all small and gradually smaller outwards down to the 
similar bracteole; inner sepals 3, connate into a shortly trifid 
valvate cup, crass, glabrate, 2 or 3 times as high as the outer 
sepals, lobes ovate obtuse. Petals 6 or fewer or obsolete, very 
short, some or all truncate and imbricate, glabrous. Stamens 
glabrous, united into a thick firm 6-ribbed column, which is 
thicker and antheriferous in several (6 vertical) rows near and 
at the apex; anthers 18 (or more?), sessile; cells 2, extrorse, 
transversely dehiscing, at length confluent, ovary 0. 

The female plant is unknown: therefore the precise position of 
this genus in the Family must for the present remain uncertain, 
but the peculiar andreecium serves to characterise the genus; it 
appears to be intermediate between the genus Synclisia Benth. 
and the tribe Cissampelidee. 


1. E. undulatum Hiern, sp. unica. 

A slender climbing shrub; stems terete, tortuous, twining; 
branches pendulous; the branchlets and petioles shortly tawny- 
pubescent. Leaves entire, alternate, oval, obtusely sub-acuminate, 
mucronate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, glossy, glabrous except 
the puberulous midrib, penninerved, 14 to 23 by ? to 14 in.; 
margins rather incrassate-revolute, quite entire, wavy with small 
undulations ; lateral veins slender, alternate, 5 or 6 on each side 
of the midrib, inconspicuous on the upper surface; petiole 3 to 
3 in., usually bent and thickened near the apex. Male flower- 
buds about + in. long. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Very sparingly in stony densely bushy primitive 
woods, in Mata de Pungo, in leaf and few male flowers, May 1857. 


No, 477. 


V. NYMPH HACE A. 


The species of this Order, and especially Vymphea dentata 
Schum. & Thonn., constitute the wonder of the great lakes of 
the coast region, which are very often entirely covered with this 
fine and very beautiful water-lily. The tuberculose rhizomes of 
the species are edible, with the flavour of chestnuts, and are much 
sought after by the natives. 


1. BRASENIA Schreb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 46. 


1. B. peltata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. ii. p. 389 (1814); Oliv. 
OT ‘Trop. Afr. i: ps 522°. 

BL. africana Welw. (Barteria) in Archiv. Sc. Phys. et Nat., Jul. 
1861, p. 8. B. purpurea Caspary in Jorn. Se. Lisb. iv. p. 312 
(1873). Cabombacea, Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. p. 186 (1861). 

The stems in deep water attain 18 ft. in length. It recalls 
Limnanthemum nymphoides by its leaves, and by its flowers 
Butomus wmbellatus L. 


29 Vv. NYMPHEZACEA. | Brasenia 


HvuiIL_ia.—Frequent and in company with Nymphea stellata Willd.,. 
species of Utricularia, etc., between Lopollo and Quilengues, in the 
great inland lake called Ivantala, gathered in flight, with flower and 
fruit, in the beginning of March 1860. No. 1178. 

Welwitsch (Sertum Angolense, p. 36), remarks on this North Ameri- 
can plant occurring in the interior of Angola, for although he searched 
a great number of lakes in the region of the coast, yet it was only in 
this lake, situated more than 120 geographical miles from the Atlantic: 
Ocean, and at an elevation of about 5000 ft., that he found it. 


2. NYMPHZSA Tournf., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 46. 


1. N. Lotus L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 511 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 592, n. 115; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 52; Caspary in Jorn. Se. 
Lisb. iv. p. 321 (1873). 

The Angolan specimens belong to Caspary’s division IT. angusta,. 
and of this division he makes two sections, as under: he has. 
printed most of Welwitsch’s notes. 


a. glabrescens.—Our specimens belong to Caspary’s subsection 
b. acuminiloba, leaves shortly elliptical, glabrous, lobes prolonged- 
acuminate, overlapping. 

MossaMEDES.—Frequent in lakes at the mouths of the river Giraul 
(in Maiombo) ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1169. 


b. dentata.— WV. dentata Schum. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. PI. 
p. 249 (1827); Welw. Apont. p. 555; Welw. in Proc. Linn. Soe. 
ii. p. 328 (1855). Leaves more or less pubescent beneath, not 
glabrous, as stated by Schumacher and Thonning, /.c. 


AMBRIZ.—Frequent in deep pools and lakes, Quizembo and Banza de 
Ambriz ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 1164. 

IcoLo © BENGO.—Lagéa de Quilunda, fl. 14 Sept. 1854. No. 1168. 
Cou. Carp. 199. In the large lake Lagéa de Quitundo. Seeds, June 
1857 and July 1860, in company with Pistia, etc. Cou. Carp. 130. 

AMBACA.—In a small lake near the left bank of the river Caringa,. 
between Dalatanda and Ambaca, in company with Ottelia, June 1855. 
No. 1166. 

Punco ANpDoNGO.—Common in the river Quije, in company with 
Nymphea stellata Willd., Ceratophyllum, and Azolla, fl. March 1857. 
No. 1165. 

Barra DO DANDE.—In lakes near the banks of the river Dande ;- 
radical tubers collected Sept. 1858: see Welwitsch, Apont. p. 592,. 
n. 115. The most beautiful of all species of the genus, with leaves a 
foot in diameter and even larger, and with very large violet-purplish 
flowers. Eaten by the negroes. Cou. Carp. 200. 

The lakes, especially the smaller ones, are often so completely 
covered with N. dentata, sometimes in company with Pista, that it is 
impossible to see the surface of the water. In the Lagoa de Quilunda, 
N. Lotus, which grows there in company with Lemnacee, especially _ 
Lemna arrhiza li. and Pistia, in enormous quantities, is heaped up by 
the negroes on the banks, to serve as manure. 


2. N. malabarica Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Méth. iv. p. 457 (1797). 
N. stellata Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 1153 (1799); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 52; Caspary, Nymphe Angol. p. 5 in Jorn. Sc. Lisb. 
No. xvi. (1873), cum syn.; non? F. Muell. WV. ampla, Kotschy 


Nymphea| V. NYMPHEACES. 23 


Hb. Nub. n. 167. WN. nubica, J. G. C. Lehm. in Otto Hamb. Gart. 
Zeit. ix. p. 211 (1853). WW. discolor, J. G. C. Lehm., f.c., p. 214. 
N. pseudo-pyginea, J. G. C. Lehm., lc, p. 208. WV. cerulea and 
NV. micrantha Welw. in Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (1855). WV. 
zanzibariensis Caspary in Bot. Zeit. 1877, p. 201. 

Dr. Welwitsch’s specimens are as under; for their arrangement 
in accordance with Caspary’s highly differentiated dissection of 
this comprehensive species, the paper in the Lisbon journal quoted 
above can be consulted, in which paper Welwitsch’s notes are 
mostly included. 


AMBRIZ.—Lagéa de Quizembo, fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1170. 

Barra DO BENGO.—Lagéa de Quifandongo, fl. end of Dec. 1853 and 
beginning of Jan. 1854. No. 1171. 

IcoLo E Brenco.—Lagéa de Quilunda, leaves shortly after germi- 
nation, Sept. 1854, No. 1172 ; sparingly in pools and in marshy places 
nearly <errestrial, near Funda (no specimen separated for the British 
Museum), Jan. 1854. No. 1173.) 

AmBaca.—In a lake near the left bank of the river Caringa, fl. June 
1855. No.1167. A form with smaller flowers and leaves is mentioned 
by Caspary, Nymph., /.c., p. 18, under No. 11670. 

Punco Anponco.—Not frequent, and in company with Ottelia, in 
the deeper elevated pools of the fortress, fl. middle of Feb. 1857. 
No. 1175. In the river at Quije, fl. March 1857 (no specimens separated 
for the British Museum). Nos. 1175), 1185. 

Hviiia.—In deep pools by the side of the river of Lopollo, fl. Jan. 
1860. No. 1176). In the river Quipumpunhime, between Humpata 
and Ohay, also near Lopollo; flowers very fragrant, Feb. 1860. No. 
1176. In great plenty in the large lake Ivantala, between Quilengues 
and Lopollo, in flower beginning of March 1860. No.1177. In the 
deeper slowly-flowing streams between Catumba and Ohay, fl. middle 
of May 1860. No. 1174. 


VI. PAPAVERACE &. 
Papaver somniferum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 508 (1753), occurs 
at Loanda only in gardens (Welw. ms.). 
1. ARGEMONE L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 52. 


1, A. mexicana L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 508 (1753) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. 1. p. 54. 

CaPE DE VERDE ISLANDs.—St. Jago, on rubbish heaps; fl. Jan. 1860. 
No. 1200. 

SreRRA LEONE.—At Freetown, common in rubbish heaps ; fr. Sept. 
1853 ; a single specimen. No. 1201. 


Vil. FUMARIACEZ. 
1, FUMARIA L.; Benth. & Hook f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 56. 


1. F. capreolata (?) L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 508 (1753); a weak 
form. 
Loanpa.—In gardens, spontaneous but certainly introduced with 


living plants of Vitis vinifera Li., introduced from Benguella and 
originally from Portugal ; in young flower Nov. 1858. No. 1199. 


24 VIII. CRUCIFERA. | Vasturtiom 


VIII. CRUCIFERA. 


The Crucifere are represented in Angola proper by hardly more 
than three indigenous species, namely, by two species of Vasturtiwm 
in the coast region, and by a Cardamine in the cultivated fields of 
Golungo Alto. In Huilla only one species was seen, a Lepidiwm. 
The cauliflower, the cabbage, the turnip, radishes, and watercress 
are cultivated in gardens at Loanda, and in the arimos of the 
neighbouring districts ; a species of mustard is cultivated in the 
hilly and highland regions of Angola proper; the cabbages of 
Benguella are gigantic (Welw. Apont. p. 554). 


1. NASTURTIUM Br.; Benth. & Hicok. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 68. 


1. N. officinale Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 2, iv. p. 110 (1812); 
Oliv. i. Trop::A fie: 3.p. 38: 

GoLunco ALtTo.—Common and almost everywhere at the margins of 
slowly flowing streams, spontaneous, especially near Sange and Bango, 
and at the banks of the river Quiapoze ; not yet in flower May 1855. 
No. 1192. 

AMBACA.—In great plenty, as it were covering the streams along 
considerable tracts, in the marshy meadows between Puri-Cacarambola 
and N-gombe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1193. 

Indigenous or more probably introduced long ago. Welwitsch in 
his manuscripts states that it occurred in one spot near Lopollo in the 
district of Huilla, but there is no specimen in his herbarium. 


2. N. indicum DC. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 199 (1821); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 58. 

BarrRA DO BENGO.—Root annual and perennial, sometimes stiffly 
twisted. In nearly dry pools near the banks of the river Bengo, 
especially near Panda; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 1194. 

IcoLto E Beneo. Not unfrequent around the nearly dry lake of 
Quilunda, near Prata; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 1188. 

Barra DO DANDE.—Flowers yellow. Frequent in marshy places at 
the right bank of the river Dande, near Bombo ; fi. and fr. Sept. 1858. 
No. 1187. Annual or biennial, 13 to 23 ft. high, formed like a 
Barbarea, at the margins of lakes near the river Dande, by Bombo ; 
fruits Sept. 1858. Coun. Carp. 201. 

LoanpDsa.—At the margins of stagnant pools, between Quicixe and 
Mutollo ; not yet in full flower July 1854. No. 11870. 


3. N. humifusum Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. p. 19 (1830-31) ; 
Oliv. FL Trop.-Afr, ip, 58: 

JV. (Clandestinaria) acaule, Welw. Apont. p. 589, n. 68. 

A stemless annual herb, with the habit of Cardamine. Leaves 
radical, rosulate, spreading like a star, pinnatisect. Peduncles 
radical, crowded, decumbent, quite leafless, slender. Flowers 
racemose, greenish-white, very small, very shortly pedicelled. 
Calyx-segments equal, concave, muricate at the back with 2 or 
3 hyaline rather elongated acute spreading spines, soon deciduous. 
Petals usually 2, linear-spathulate, shorter than the 6 toothless 
stamens. Hypogynous glands 4 or 2, setuliform or sub-alate, 
Style short, thick; stigma discoid, undivided. Siliqua 3 in. long, 


Nasturtium | VIII. CRUCIFERZ. 25 


spreading, inconspicuously torulose, rigid; valves very concave, 
without nerves. Seeds numerous, of a deep orange colour, sub- 
pendulous, oblong-cordiform, vaguely biseriate in each cell, 
minutely punctate in relief. 

Loanpa.—Around drying pools near Quicuxe, plentifully but only 
observed in one spot ; fl. and fr. 29 July and 5 August 1858. No. 
1197. Cou. Carp. 202. 

Liponco.—At the sandy bunks of the river Lifune, between Banza 
de Libongo and the petroleum mines, rare ; fr. Sept. 1858. No. 1198. 


2. CARDAMINE L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 70. 


1. C. trichocarpa Hochst. ex A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 18 (1847) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 60. 

An annual herb, 5 to 15 in. high, with the habit of Cardamine 
sylvatica Link or C. hirsuta L., wholly beset, sometimes sparingly 
sometimes abundantly, with soft whitish pilose hairs. Stem 
ascending or rarely erect, acutely angular by the decurrence of 
the petioles. Calyx-segments purplish (violet), hispidulous with 
rather long white hairs, erect, concave, equal at the base, inflected 
at the margin and apex. Oorolla 0. Stamens 4, all of equal 
height, alternating with the calyx-segments. Style thick; stigma 
depresso-capitate, almost patelliform, nearly flat at the margin, 
slightly fimbriate. Siliquas glabrate. 

GoLunco ALTo.—Common in rather damp cultivated fields, at the 
margins of streams; at the banks of the river Cuango, near Canguera- 
sange; fl. and fr. Sept. and Dec. 1854, Jan. 1855. No. 1189. Cout. 
Carp. 203. 

The type of the species occurs in Abyssinia; it may possibly prove 
to be a variety of Cardamine hirsuta L. 


3. BRASSICA Tourn., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 84. 
1. B. Willdenovii Boiss. in Ann. Se. Nat. ser. 2, ii. p. 88 (1842). 
B. juncea Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. p. 170 

(1861); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 65. 

Used by the natives in Angola as a pot-herb, but not cultivated 
for its oil there. 

GoLtunGo ALTO.—Spontaneous, but no doubt originally introduced, 
about Banza de Quilombo-Quiacatubia and near Bango-Aquitamba, 
common ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No.1186. An escape from cultivation 
and also cultivated in Sobato Bango, etc., Quibolo ; fl. and fr. middle of 
August 1856. No. 1186). On the road to Ambaca, in dry sparsely 
grassy places, apparently a biennial herb with almost woody root and 
yellowish flowers ; fl. and fr. beginning of March 1856. No. 1186c. 


4, LEPIDIUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 87. 
1. L. ruderale L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 645 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 69 ; var. aethiopicum (Z. aethiopicwm Welw. ms. in Herb.). 
A herb, biennial or persisting for several years, with the habit 
of an Alyssum; root woody, perhaps perennial; rhizome poly- 
cephalous ; stems numerous, prostrate-ascending, leafy, puberulous ; 


26 VIE. CRUCIFERZ. | Lepidium 


leaves narrowly oblanceolate-cuneate, attenuate at the base, 
petiolate, acutely and distantly dentate towards the apex, hispid 
with whitish hairs, ranging up to 3 in. long inclusive of the 
petiole; flowers very small, greenish or greenish-yellow, in 
elongated terminal ebracteate racemes. Stamens 2. Pod elliptical, 
retuse at the apex, rounded at the base, 3 in. long; style very short; 
valves boat-shaped, keeled, not winged ; seeds pendulous, solitary 
in each cell, rather obovoid, rather compressed, reddish, septum 
lanceolate, or narrowly oval, narrowed at both ends, white, 
membranous. Pedicels scarcely as long as the pods. Cotyledons 
incumbent. 

Hv1Lia.—Not uncommon, in hot, rather dry fields, between Humpata 
and Serra de Uiahoia, at an elevation of about 5000 ft., late fl. and fr. 
23 April 1860. No. 1190. Cou. Carp. 66. 

This is the only Crucifer collected by Welwitsch in the district of 
Huilla, where not even watercress was seen. 


2. L. virginicum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 645 (1753). 


Maperrra.—In dampish stony places, by the road leading from Funchal 
towards Camara dos Lobos, fl. and fr. August 1853. No. 1191. 


5. ISATIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 94. 
1. I. tinctoria L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 670 (1753). 


MapDEIRA.—Ceespitose and suffruticose. In gravelly places, between 
Funchal and Camara dos Lobos, not far from the ocean, fl. and fr. end 
of August 1853. No. 1196. 


6. RAPHANUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 101. 


1. R. sativus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 669 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Ate Aspro, 
GoLUNGO ALTO.—An escape from cultivation, occasionally spon- 


taneous ; by the sandy banks of the rivers Delamboa and Quiapoza, 
fl. and fr. March 1856. No. 1195. 


IX. CAPPARIDACE. 


Members of this Order are abundant in the littoral and hilly 
districts of Angola; one species, Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC., 
is cooked and eaten as greens; the bark of the root of another 
species, called “Suna” by the negroes, is employed by them as a 
caustic and sudorific; and a species of Capparis furnishes excellent 
capers. 


1. CLEOME L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 105. 


1. C. monophylla L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 672 (1753); Oliv. Fl. 
Tropa Aar. 4; /p. 900: 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—In cultivated fields, especially in those of Phaseolus 
and Arachis hypogea L., near Sange, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. Jan, 
and May 1855. No. 947. A slender herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, patently 
branched ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers of a deep-violet colour ; in hot 
situations near Canguerasange, Oct. 1854. Coun. Carp. 204. 


Cleome | IX, CAPPARIDACES. 27 


Punco AnpdonGo.—In fields planted with Zea Mays L. behind the 
fortress, occasional ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 948. 

It occurs also in dry sandy meadows, and, but not abundantly, in 
moist pastures. 


2. C. ciliata Schum. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. p. 294 (1827); 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 78. 

C'. guineensis Hook, fil. in Hook. Niger FI., p. 218 (1849). 

Very variable in the size and breadth of the leaflets. 


Loanpa.—An annual herb ; stems 1 to 4 ft. high, prostrate-ascending, 
acutely or almost alate-angular ; leaves constantly trifoliolate, lower 
petioles long ; petals of a deep violet colour, very common in very dry 
as well as in moist fields throughout the district ; Quicuxe, Teba, etc., 
fl. and fr. 7 March 1858, June 1858, March 1854. No. 955. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—Not uncommon in fields about Sange and Cami- 
lungo, fl. and fr. March 1855. No. 956. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Leaves 3- or 5-foliolate ; corolla deep violet or 
purple. Not uncommon in sandy and in exposed shortly-grassy places 
between Pungo Andongo and Sansamanda, fl. and fr. March and April 
1857. No. 951. 

Hvuitita.—A slender annual, from a few inches to a foot high ; 
primary stem straight, branches a little hairy, the lower ones ascending ; 
flowers whitish-lilac, rather small; buds purple; capsules deflexed, 
mucronate, strigulose with whitish glandular papille; in sandy 
dampish pastures between Morro de Lopollo and Humpata, not 
frequent, fl. and fr. end of Feb. and 21 March 1860. No. 957. In 
sparingly grassy pastures near Lopollo, in the direction of Catumba, 
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 957d. An annual herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with 
violet flowers. In bushy places and in previously cultivated places 
near Lopollo ; fr. March 1860. Cou. Carp. 85. 


3. C. diandra Burch. Travels i. p. 548 (1822), Cat. Geogr. n. 
2103; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, i. p. 79. 

MossaMEDEs.—A suffrutescent herb, becoming woody at the base ; 
stem and leaves very thin; leaflets 5 to 9, highly glaucous ; flowers 
yellow to golden-tawny ; rather uncommon, in sandy places at the banks 
of the river Bero, near Cavatheiros, fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 962. 

Var. pteropoda (Welw. ) ex Oliv., /.c., p. 80. This variety is regarded 
by Oliver as a maritime condition of the type; it is distinguished 
by its winged petiole and broader pods, and according to Welwitsch 
the seeds are more densely furnished with little echinate spines. 

MossaMEDEs.—An annual or biennial herb, erect, 2 to 3 ft. high, 
highly glaucous; flowers yellow ; petioles alate-dilated. Sparingly 
in maritime sandy places, Cape Negro, between S. Joao do Croque 
(Caroca) and Cazimba, fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 963. Branched 
from ‘the base, very glaucous, apparently perennial ; leaves 7 to 9, very 
narrow ; flowers rather large, yellow. At Cabo Negro, in sandy places, 
fr. 3 Sept. 1859. Coy. Carp. 205. 


The following is doubtfully referred to the same species ; 
Welwitsch suggested that it belongs to the variety pteropoda :— 

Lisonco.—A perennial herb ; root woody, many-headed ; stem erect., 
branches ; leaves on long petioles, patently 5-foliolate ; leaflets linear, 
very narrow, glaucous. Not unfrequent in dry elevated mountainous 
places of Sob. de Libongo, near the petroleum-mine, without flowers. 
or fruit Sept. 1858. No. 964. 


28 IX. CAPPARIDACEA, [ Cleome 


4, C. Iberidella Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 79. 


Pungo AnDONGO.—In great quantity in sandy rocky places by the 
banks of the river Cuanza, between Calunda and Candumba, fl. and 
fr. Jan. 1857. No. 949. 


5. C. foliosa Hook. fil. in Hook. Niger FI. p. 219 (1849) ; Oliv. 
ET, Drop, Air. 1. p,; 80, 


BENGUELLA,—A suffruticose herb, annual? or lasting for several 
years, becoming woody at the base ; stem prostrate, branched from the 
base ; branches oblique, elongated, virgate, leafy ; leaves 3-5-foliolate, 
viscid-hairy ; flowers yellow-tawny ; stamens 10 to 20; pod stipitate. 
In sandy maritime stations to the south of the city of Benguella, 
frequent, fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 965. An annual or biennial 
shrubby herb, with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers ; in sandy 
situations along the coast near the city of Benguella, fr. June 1859. 
CoLu. Carp. 207. 

MossAMEDES.—Polymorphous in habit and in the shape of the leaves, 
always more or less viscid ; common throughout the district in dry and 
also in damp maritime sands, fl. and fr. June and July 1859. No. 966. 
Rather scarce in maritime sands near the river Giraul to the north 
of the town of Mossamedes, with yellow flowers and young fruit 
July 1859. No. 967. 


6. C. hirta Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 81. 


BENGUELLA.—An annual suffrutescent much-branched herb, with 
linear viscid leaflets and violet-purple very elegant yellow flowers 
variegated with yellow. Frequent in maritime bushy sandy places 
near the city of Benguella, fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 954. An 
annual diffusely branched herb, with narrow leaflets and deep-yellow 
flowers, but with two petals purple ; on the sandy coast near the city 
of Benguella, fr. June 1859. Con. Carp. 206. 

Bumbo.—Sparingly in fields after the cultivation of Arachis hypogea 
L., near Bumbo, fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 9500. 

HvILia.—Occasional and gregarious, in neglected fields after crops of 
Sorghum, between Lopollo and Monino, fl. and fr. Jan. 1860, No. 950. 
In neglected fields between Nene and Humpata, with deep-violet flowers 
and few fruits, Dec. 1859. No. 952. 

MossaAMEDES.—Annual, branched from the base ; branches rather 
spreading ; flowers rather large, beautifully whitish-yellow, variegated 
with saffron and purple. Rather rare in sandy sparingly grassy places 
by the banks of the river Bero, fl. and fr. beginning of August 1859. 
No. 953. 


2. GYNANDROPSIS DC.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 106. 


1. G. pentaphylla DC. Prodr. i. p. 238 (1824); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 82 (Cleome); Welw. Apont. p. 586, n. 26. . 

Cleome rosea Eckl. Coll. Sem. 1833, non Vahl nec Poit. C. 
Eckloniana Schrad. Ind. Sem. Gott. 1834, p. 2, and in Linnea x. 
Litt. p. 109 (1836). C. (Gynandropsis) oleracea Welw. Apont. 
p. 555, under n. 120, and p. 586, n. 26. 

Lower leaves 5-7-foliolate. 


SIERRA LEONE.—A glaucescent herb, in exposed places near Free- 
town ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 961. 


Gynandropsis | IX. CAPPARIDACES. 29: 


- Loanpa.—Called by the negroes “ Mozémbue” or “ Mozambue.” In 
the interior of the country found only in places where the negro 
caravans touch; very common in sandy and clayey places, whether 
damp or rather dry, after the spring and summer rains in the neigh- 
bourhood of Loanda and in the city itself; fl. and fr. Oct. and Nov. 
1853 and Feb. 1854. No. 958. A form with the lower leaves 6-foliolate, 
Loanda, fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 9585. An annual herb, 2 ft. 
high ; flowers white-violet. Eaten by the negroes like spinach. In 
sandy places throughout the district, Dec. 1857 and March 1858. 
CoLu. Carp. 163. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—Native name ‘ Mozimbue.” A herb eaten by the 
negroes. Frequent in exposed uncultivated places about Banza de 
Quilombo Quiacatubia, fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 959. 

PuNGO ANDONGO.—See Welw. Apont. p. 586, n. 26; no specimens 
in Herb. 

Huityia.—In neglected fields and behind dwellings, sporadic, fl. and 
fr. Dec. 1859. No. 960. 

Welwitsch found it also near Luinha, in the district of Cazengo. 


3. MAERUA Forsk.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 108. 


1. M. angolensis DC. Prodr. 1. p. 254 (1824); Welw. in Proce. 
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 329 (1855); Welw. Apont. p. 555; Welw. 
Synopse p. 15; Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 288; Oliv. 
iy Urop. Air.1;'p.. 86. 

Very variable in habit and in the shape of the leaves; it occurs 
in dry and rocky situations in the coast regions from Ambriz to 
Benguella ; occasionally it becomes a tree, although usually it 
assumes the form of a bush; it is known by the name of 
“ Muriangombe.” 


Loanpa.—A tree 15 to 20 ft. high, with a straight trunk 6 to 8 in. 
in diameter ; near Gabriel’s house, fl. 1 April 1854 ; commonly only a 
shrub; fl. May and June 1858 ; in dry clay-sandy hilly stations, almost 
everywhere about Loanda up to the mouth of the river Coanza, 
No. 968. In the interior a tree of 25 to 30 spans high, but in the 
littoral regions a shrub of 4 to 5 ft.; abundant. At Mutollo, fr. 
23 July 1854. Cony. Carp. 99. In flat places on the hills near 
Loanda ; fr. August 1860. Cou. Carp. 124. 

Bumpo.—An arborescent shrub, with rambling branches and green- 
subglaucescent leaves, in thickets at the edges of primitive forests near 
Bumbo, sporadic ; sparingly fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 969. 


Var. 8. heterophylla (Welw.), ex. Oliv., 7c. Loanpa.—A shrub, 
3 to 4 ft. high, very smooth ; flowers grass-green; in dry thickets 
between Loanda and Cacuaco, rather rare; sparingly in fl. near Museque 
de Senhor Schut, 2 Nov. 1853. No. 968d. 


Var. y. stenophylla Welw. ms. in Herb. Loanpa.—Branches more 
or less rod-like, sprung up from the base of burnt or fallen trunks, 
never seen in flower; on dry hot sandy-rocky hills, near Alto das 
Cruzes, June 1858. No. 968c. 


Var. 5. platyphylla. Loanpa.—Leaves oval, 2} in. long by 1# in. 
broad. No. 968d. Welwitsch, Apont. 555, describes it as forming a 
small very handsome tree, which agreeably interrupts the gloomy uni- 
formity of the neighbourhood of Loanda ; during all his travels he 
found it only three or four times developed as a full-grown tree (Journ. 
Linn. Soc. ix. p. 288). 


30 IX. CAPPARIDACE, | Werua 


The following perhaps belongs here, at least if IZ. senegalensis 
Br. is correctly united with J. angolensis D.C. ; it is the Merua 
of Welwitsch referred to by Oliver, l.c., p. 87, under M. Currori 
Hook. f. :— 


BENGUELLA.—A shrub of a man’s height ; stems erect, much and 
patently branched ; leaves glaucous, rather fleshy ; fruit cylindrical, 
multiform, torulose ; outer covering of the seeds brilliantly scarlet. 
Not uncommon in sandy thickets between the city of Benguella and 
the river Catumbella ; in very advanced fruit June 1859. No. 977. 


2. M. crassifolia Forsk. Fl. Augypt.-Arab. p. exiii (1775) ; Oliv. 
BT Lrop: Air, 1p, 87; 

M. uniflora Vahl Symb. i. p. 36 (1790); Oliv., Zc. p. 86. 
M. rigida Br. in Denh. & Clapp. Trav., App., p. 226 (1826); DC. 
Prodr. a.(3p.\254 3 -(Oliv,, Te. ps0. 


Var. buxifolia (Welw.) Jf. rigida Br., var. buxifolia Oliv., Le. 
MossaAMEDEs.—A slender shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with whitish flowers. 
In rough, sparingly bushy, mountainous situations, at the banks of 
the river Maiombo, near Cazimba ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 975. 


Var. virgata (Welw.). J. rigida Br., var. virgata Oliv., l.c. Mos- 
SAMEDEs.—A divaricately branched, rigid, fragile shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high; 
flowers white-greenish. In dry, rough, mountainous situations near 
Cazimba, along the road leading to Pomangala ; fl. Oct.1859. No. 976. 


The following four numbers, the first two specimens with not 
quite glabrous fruits, appear to belong to this species :— 

MossaMEpDeES.—A bush, 15 ft. high or smaller, with glaucous rather 
fleshy leaves ; on the sandy heath of Cacimba, near the river Maiombo, 
fr. June 1860. Coun. Carp. 208. A bush of 10 to 12 ft., in Serra de 
Cacimba, near Maiombo, rather scarce ; fr. Oct. 1859. Coun. Carp, 945. 
A shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, with many stems and densely branched; on 
the red-sandy banks at the mouth of the river Bero, without flowers 
or fruit July 1859. No. 979. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, much 
branched in various directions, somewhat spinous, with the habit of a 
Lycium and rather fleshy glaucous foliage ; same locality and date. 
No. 6023. 


The following is very doubtfully placed here :— 

BENGUELLA.—A glabrous ratber glaucous not spinous shrub, as tall 
as a man; branches virgate, with the habit of Rosmarinus, terete, 
leafy ; leaves crowded in little clusters on slight elevations on the 
branches, narrowly linear-spathulate, shortly petiolate, apiculate or 
obtuse, ranging up to 13 in. long, rigid, coriaceous; lateral veins 
obsolete. In low open sandy woods between Benguella and the river 
Catumbella, without flowers June 1859. No. 984. 


4, BOSCIA Lam.; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 108. 


1. B. Welwitschii Gilg in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, i. p. 109 
(26 Nov. 1895). 
B. angustifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 92; nec A. Rich, nec Harv. 


Bumso.—A robust shrub, branched from the base, 5 to 8 ft. high, 
very pleasing and full of flower. In thickets of primitive woods at 


Boscia | IX. CAPPARIDACER. 31 


the base of Serra da Xella, at a place called Bruco, fl. and young fruit 
Oct. 1859. No. 980. 


The following may, as suggested by Welwitsch, belong here :— 

MossAMEDES.—A very rigid sparingly branched shrub, 4 ft. high. 
In dry mountainous places at the right bank of the river Maiombo 
near Cazimba, without flower or fruit June 1860. No. 981. 


2. B, salicifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. i. p. 93. 


MossaAMEDES.—A distorted decumbent shrub, much branched from 
the base ; flowers greenish-white. Sporadic, in dry sandy stony places, 
between Mata dos Carpinteiros and Pao, fl. June 1860. No. 982. 


3. B, microphylla Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 93. 


Bumsbo.—A small tree, 8 to 12 ft. high, with the habit of Elewagnus 
or Hippophaé; trunk straight ; crown much branched ; branchlets 
often spinous ; flowers yellowish. In rough mountainous places, by 
the banks of the river Maiombo, between Pomangala and Quitive ; in 
one place only found plentifully, in company with Balanites and 
species of Acacia, sparingly in flower Oct. 1859. No. 983. 


4, B. urens Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop, Afr. i. p. 93. 


ToaNDA.—In the littoral region a cultivated shrub of 2 to 4 ft., and 
in the hilly (or interior-littoral) region, as for example near Quicanga, 
a small tree of 10 or rarely 12 ft. Wood fine-grained, yellowish-white, 
and shining like satin; branches patulous-erect, the ultimate ones 
virgately elongated; leaves evergreen dryly coriaceous; flowers greenish, 
apetalous ; buds spherical or obovate-globose ; calyx tetramerous, val- 
vate in estivation ; stamens numerous, 14 to 20, usually 16, inserted 
around the pistil within a thick spongy disk; filaments ascending, 
all of the same height, clavate-thickened upwards or now and then 
uniformly cylindrical; anthers oblong, sagittate-cordate, introrse, 
2-celled ; ovary stipitate, ovate-pyramidal, many-ovuled, surmounted 
by a globose-capitate stigma; fruit spherical, as large as a cherry in the 
littoral region or in the hilly region as a small-sized walnut, hard and 
tomentose when young, but when fully ripe softly crustaceous and 
outside very densely clothed with hyaline smartly stinging setul, quite 
pale yellowish, bursting irregularly ; seeds 2 to 5, pretty large, more 
or less uniform, nestled in a completely dried pulp. Very common in 
the drier thickets from Loanda towards Tanderachique ; rarer and as 
a small tree in the more elevated regions around Quicanda ; flowering 
from March to May and June and not uncommonly again in September ; 
in young fruit in July 1854; Museque do Sr. Schut 17 May 1854. 
No. 989. Cox. Carp. 209. 


5. CAPPARIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 108. 


1. C. tomentosa Lam. Encycl. Méth. i. p. 606 (1783) ; Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Ate. i, pa 96.5: var..3.,Oliv., tc. 


ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A_ subscandent shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high ; 
leaves coriaceous; expanded flowers not seen ; in Acacia-groves near 
Calumguembo, rather rare ; in flower-bud in Sept. 1854. No. 974. 
A scandent shrub, bristling with stipular spines directed downwards ; 
sparingly, in bushy places by the skirts of woods, near Camutamba, 
in the ascent. towards Quicanda ; in flower-bud at the beginning of 
Sept. 1857. No. 974d. 

Bumeo.—A robust almost arborescent shrub; branches elongated, 


32 IX. CAPPARIDACEZ. | Capparis 


very patent; branchlets sarmentose ; flowers whitish ; stamens red- 
yellow ; in primitive woods, in stony scarcely or but little shaded places, 
between Bumbo and Bruco, at the foot of the mountains of Serra da 
Xella; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 985. 


2. C. corymbosa Lam., Encycl. Méth. i. p, 605 (1783) ; Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 96; var. subglabra Oliv., /.c., p. 97. 


Loanpa.—A divaricately branched, subscandent shrub, as tall as a 
man; flowers whitish ; fruit rubicund ; furnishes the best-flavoured 
capers. In bushy sandy places of the district, as far as Quicuje ; fl. 
and fr. from Jan. to March 1854. No. 990. 


3. C. viminea Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 97. 


GoLtunco ALTo.—A much-branched scandent shrub; petals obovate- 
lanceolate, shaggy-tomentose outside (only one petal seen by Dr. 
Welwitsch ; the buds being infested with the larve of an insect, 
further examination was impossible). In dense thickets at the skirts 
of woods, only seen in one place, at the base of the mountains of Serra 
de Alta Queta ; in flower-bud August and Sept. 1856. No. 986. 

Oliver, J.c., states that the species occurs also in the Eastern Hima- 
laya and Tenasserim ; but the Indian plant is an erect shrub, with 
weaker less recurved prickles and larger foliage, and is apparently a 
different species. 


4. ©. erythrocarpos Isert in Beob. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. in. 
p. 334, t. 9 (1789); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 98 (erythrocarpa). 


Ampriz.—Fruit when ripe bright scarlet. On bushy hills between 
Ambriz and Quibango, abundant ; in fruit Nov. 1853. No. 971. 

GoLunco ALTo.—<A much-branched subscandent shrub as tall as a 
man; petals herbaceous-green ; stamens yellowish ; style and stigma 
purple. The bark of this shrub is employed with much effect as a 
caustic by the natives. Ripe fruit scarlet, near Cacarambola, Feb. 
1854 (a single specimen). In high bushy places, on the skirts of primi- 
tive woods, near Sange, and also between Chixe and Caldlo ; fl. 7 Sept. 
and Oct. 1856. No. 970. A shrub 4 to 5 ft. high, subscandent, beset 
with prickles ; flowers similar to those of C. spinosa L, ; fruit baccate, 
ovoid-clavate, of a deep scarlet-red colour, of the size of a small pigeon’s 
egg, longitudinally 6-7-ribbed ; at Sange Dec, 1854. CoLn. Carp. 210. 
A spinous subscandent shrub ; leaves simple, elliptical-ovate ; fruit 
large, ovoid-pyramidal, angular-ribbed, bright scarlet. Near Cacaram- 
bola, June 1855. Cony. Carp. 211. A subscandent shrub, with 
pyramidal-ribbed bright scarlet fruit. At Sange end of Dec. 1855. 
Cou. Carp. 212. 

Lizonco.—A divaricately branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, bristling 
with spines; flowers greenish-white, sometimes very few, at other 
times abundant. Fruit of a fine scarlet colour, pyramidal-conical, as 
large as a large nut, many-seeded ; very frequent in bushy places from 
Banza de Libongo to the ascent of the neighbouring mountains ; fl. 
end of Sept. 1858. No. 972. In wooded thickets around Banza de 
Libongo ; in flower-bud beginning of Oct. 1858. No. 973. 

It is apparently the shrub alluded to by Welwitsch, Apont. p. 555, 
under n. 120, of which he states that the bark of the root is called 
by the negroes “ Sina,” and is used by them as a caustic and sudorofic. 
Cott. Carp. 947 may perhaps belong to the same ; its fruit is glabrous, 
ovoid, marked by 6 ridges, measures 2 in. long by 1 in. thick, and has 
a peduncle of 1 in. 


Ritchiea| IX. CAPPARIDACER. 33 


6. RITCHIEA Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 110. 


1. R. fragrans Br. ex Walp. Rep. Bot. Syst. i. p. 201 (1842) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 100. 


GoLuNnGo ALTo.—A widely scandent shrub; branches flexuous, strong, 
scattered with little white warts ; flowers greenish-yellow, or in shaded 
places almost quite green, terminal, and also frequently axillary. In 
the more elevated dense thickets near Sange, around the spring of 
Capopa, Sob. de Bumba, rare and always sporadic; fl. and young fr. 
end of August 1855. No. 987. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A weak scandent shrub, 5 to 7ft. high; branches 
soon twisted, pendulous ; flowers greenish ; petals very lax, flaccid, 
soon pendulous or turned in; ripe fruit not seen, Sporadic, by the 
denser thickets between Chixe and Calumguembo ; fl. and young fr. 
5 Sept. 1857. No. 988. 


The following plant is doubtfully placed in Capparidex ; it may 
perhaps belong to the genus oscia: 


MossaMEpDEs.—A little tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with a slender stem ; 
trunk 14 to 3 in. in diameter, straight, at the apex lax and with a 
spare crown ; branchlets terete, covered as well as the leaves with a 
short soft scurvy tomentum ; leaves glaucous, very thickly coriaceous, 
very rigid, alternate, linear-lanceolate, very obtuse, emarginate, rounded 
at the base, ranging up to 5 in. long by nearly 1 in. broad ; petiole to 
2in.; midrib strongly marked beneath, less so and in relief above ; 
lateral veins numerous, not conspicuous; stipules 0. In rocky 
mountainous places between Maiombo and Cazimba, by side of the 
Huilla road, without flowers, Oct. 1859. No. 978. 


X. MORINGACE A. ~ 
1. MORINGA Burm. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 430. 


1. M. aptera Gaertn. Fruct. i. p. 315 (1791); Oliv. FI. Trop. 
mere tp. LOF, 

SrzRRA LEONE.—The specimens gathered were lost by decay during 
the voyage between Sierra Leone and Prince’s Island in Sept. 1853. 

Welwitsch suggested that this Natural Order might possibly be 
placed with Bignoniacez, a suggestion which has also been made 


by Dalzell. 
XI. VIOLACE. 


The Violaceze of Angola increase continually in number of 
species and of individuals as the country rises towards the east— 
that is, towards the interior of the continent—so that the greatest 
number of species are found in the district of Pungo Andongo ; 
and they become rarer towards the 14th or 15th degree of south 
latitude, and then cease altogether; at least, none were met with 
in the highlands of Benguella, neither in the primitive forests of 
Bumbo nor on the plateau of Huilla, where Welwitsch collected 
a large number of species. Calceolaria (Lonidium) was met with 
only in the littoral regions. é 

The species of Rinorea (Alsodeia) are either shrubs or small 
trees and mostly bear evergreen leaves ; they constitute, in com- 


5) 


34 XI, VIOLACE. | Calceolaria 


pany with Rubiacez, Filices, and some genera of Artocarpex, the 
underwood of the primitive forests. Welwitsch found in the 
very dry year of 1857 several species which he had previously 
seen with flower-buds in the month of October 1856 in the same 
condition during the succeeding months until May. As several 
species of Alsodeia have very elastic branches, which even after 
being dried preserve their green colour, they are employed by the 
negroes as snares for birds and small quadrupeds of the forest, 
and are known by the name of “ Tesse” or ‘‘Quitesse”; such 
species are R. Aucuparia, R. brachypetala, and R. dentata: see 
Welw. Apont. p. 555, n. 123. The wood of R. Aucuparia is 
very firm almost throughout, and of a white-yellowish colour ; 
it is held in much esteem for small domestic utensils, handles of 
hammers, ete. 


1, CALCEOLARIA Loetling, Iter, p. 113 (1758), non Feuill. (1766). 
Lonidium Vent. (1803); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 117. 


1, C. enneasperma O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 41 (1891). 
Lonidium enneaspermum Vent. Jard. Malm. p. 27 back (1803) ; 
DU. Prodr. 1. p..3095 Oliv, Fl: Trop: Atr.1; p. 108: 


Loanpa.—In maritime sands at Penedo, April 1854, and in hilly, 
bushy, tall-grassy places near Boa Vista, fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 880. 
In dampish sandy-earthy meadows of the island Cazanga, near Cabo 
Lombo, fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 881. At the clayey margins of dry 
pools near Musegue do Luis Gomes, June 1854 (only one specimen). 
No. 8815. An annual or sometimes a biennial herb; root thinly woody; 
stem much branched from the base ; branches somewhat pilose ; corolla 
spurred ; petals white from the base to the middle, above towards the 
apex bluish violet, spur presenting a concavity rather than a tube ; not 
uncommon in shortly grassy dampish pastures, also in rather dry groves 
of Adansonia, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, fl. and fr. March 1858. 
No. 879. In sandy groves of Adansonia amongst a sparse herbage, 
near Quicuje, fl. and fr. Nov. 1857. No. 879b. Represa de Quiciixe, in 
moist as well as in dry situations ; fr. May 1854, Coun. Carp. 213. 


2. RINOREA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guian. i. p. 235, t. 93 (1775). 
Alsodeia Thouars (1807) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 118. 


1. R, ardisizeflora O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia ardisieflora Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 108. 


Punco ANpDONGO.—A slender bush of 8 ft., with a densely leafy 
crown; trunk straight; flowers whitish-yellowish, soon turning yellow; 
three sepals equal, two a little longer, all obtuse, rounded at the apex, 
ciliate ; petals 5, all equal, lanceolate, sessile, broad at the base, quite 
reflexed from the middle at the time of flowering, rather obtuse, 
ciliolate ; stamens 5, combined at the base into a thick ring which is 
densely bearded outside at the mouth, terminated by an ovate-lanceolate 
straight erect rather rigid appendix which far exceeds the anther-cells ; 
ovary sessile, 1-celled ; placentas 3; style straight, moderately thickened 
towards the apex and thus quasi-clubshaped ; stigma terminal. At 
the borders of the primitive forests of Mata de Pungo, withia the 
fortress ; fl. Jan., young fr. April 1857. No. 885. 


Rinorea| XI. VIOLACE. 35 


This species is recorded from the Island of St. Thomas, where it is 
stated that the local name is ‘ Sé4-S64,” : see Henriques in Bol. Soc. 
Brot. x. p, 100 (1892). The following No. from this island should be 
compared with the same :— 

IsLAND OF Str. THomas.—A bush or occasionally a tree of 25 ft., 
with the habit nearly of Prunus Padus L. ; leaves deciduous, glossy ; 
flower-buds (very young) arranged in short oblong bracteate axillary 
masses. In the more elevated forests, at an elevation of 2000 to 
2500 ft.: Dec. 1860. The timber is used for rafters. Called by the 
negroes “ Sda Sda.” No, 459. See Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p. 91 (1884). 


2. R. ilicifolia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia wlicifolia Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 108; 
Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxvii. p. 12. 


AmpBaca.—A little shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high; probably sprung up after 
the burning of the woods, with shining leaves and without flowers ; 
sparingly in wooded thickets by the streams, between Quibinda and 
Izanga, October 1856. No. 888. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A bush 8 to 12 ft. high, remarkably resembling 
in habit and shape of leaves Jlex Aquifolium L. ; flowers yellow as if 
made of wax ; calyx also coralline-yellowish ; calyx and young petals 
rather fleshy, unfortunately not seen when fully expanded ; capsules 
coriaceous, of .a pretty bright purple colour, 3-valved, usually 3-seeded, 
dehiscing in an elastic manner; in the narrow shady valleys amongst 
the gigantic rocks of Barrancos de Catete, within the fortress, at an 
elevation of 3500 ft.; in flower bud in Jan., Feb., and May 1857, and 
in not quite ripe fruit Feb. 1857 ; rather rare. No. 889, 


3. R. cymulosa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia cymulosa Welw. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 108. 


ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—In dense masses by streams ; at the left bank 


of the river Chixe, between Mongolo and Calolo; in young flower 
Sept. 1854. No. 891. 


4, R. Aucuparia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia Aucuparia Welw. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 109. 


Punco ANpDoNGO.—Native name “Quitesse.” A shrub, 4 or 5 ft. 
high, with the habit of a tree, repeatedly branched ; sporadic, in the 
more elevated bushy rugged spots and near the summit of the Serra 
das Pedras Guinga, in company with Myrothamnus, fl. March 1857 ; 
on the top ranges a small sub-decumbent shrub of 2 ft. No. 893. 
A small erect tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, with slender trunk, dense crown, 
very bright herbaceous-green shoots and branches, and coriaceous 
rather rigid leaves; in shady woods of Barranco de Songue, in rocky 
places, in flower-bud Jan., Feb., and May 1857. No. 892. 


Var. 8. platyphylla (Welw. ms.). Leaves oval-obovate. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; trunk 2 to 3 in. 
diam.; branches erect-patent; branchlets patent; leaves dry-chartaceous, 
rather rigid. Sporadic in the very shady primitive woods of Mata de 
Pango, in flower-bud April 1857. No. 892d. 


5. R. brachypetala O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia brachypetala Turez. in Bull. Mose. xxxvi. p. 558 
(1863); Oliv. Fl]. Trop. Afr. i. p. 109. 


36 XI. VIOLACEA. | Rinorea 


GoLuNnGo ALTO.—A rigid evergreen shrub, 23 to 43 ft. high, rarely 
higher. Leaves rigidly chartaceous ; flowers red-orange, rather larger 
than in RF. dentata, hardly fragrant ; calyx setose-hispid and like the 
petals rather fleshy. Frequent in primitive woods of the mountains 
of Serra de Alta Queta, growing sometimes in rather dry, at other 
times in damper situations, fl. end of Oct. and in Nov. 1855, fr. March 
1856. Native name ‘“ Tesse.’’ No. 895. A form with longer petioles, 
in company with the ordinary form, fl. Dec. 1855 ; at the spring of 
Capopa, fl. March 1855. No. 895). A broad-leaved form, also mixed 
with the ordinary form ; a low subscandent shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; leaves 
papery-coriaceous, occasionally with large teeth ; in very shaded damp 
spots near the spring of Capopa in Sob. de Bumba, in flower-bud 
beginning of Dec. 1854. No. 895c. 


6. R. castaneoides O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia castaneoides Welw. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 110. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—Much branched, with the habit of Castaneu vesca 
Gaertn. In rugged wooded places of Barranco de Songue, within the 
lines of fortification, fl. Dec. 1856, fr. Jan. 1857. No. 884. 


Var. ? strictiflora (Oliv., /.c.). 
CazENGO.—A shrub of 4 ft., with white flowers. Sparingly in shady 


woods, amongst shrubs of Coffea, Hugonia angolensis Welw. Herb. 1585, 
etc., fl. and young fr. June 1855. No. 888. 


7. R. dentata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 
Alsodeia dentata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 110. 


CaZENGO.—A shrub of 3 to 4 ft., apparently evergreen, with weak 
branchlets, quasi-subscandent amongst other shrubs. Capsules pen- 
dulous, clavate, trigonous, green-glaucous, covered with a very short 
almost obsolete tomentum ; sparingly in elevated thickets on the left 
bank of the river Luinha, near the Serra de Muxaiila, Dec. 1854. No. 887. 
A tall shrub, as high as a man ; in the primitive woods of Cambondo, in 
young fruit June 1855. No. 887). A shrub, 5 ft. high, branched from 
the base ; leaves membranous, deep green above, paler beneath, rather 
glossy ; in primitive very shady woods near Dalatanda, in young fruit 
June 1855. No. 890. A subscandent shrub, with coriaceous trigonous- 
clavate somewhat tomentellous capsules. In elevated thickets at the 
river Luinha; seeds Dec. 1854. Cou. Carp. 214. Welw. Lichen 
No. 246 grew on the branchlets of this plant. 

GoLuNGO ALTo.—An evergreen shrub, 1 to 5 ft. high; branches 
flexuous-divaricate ; leaves papery, nearly dry ; flowers when expanded 
pale sulphur-coloured, scentless, smaller than in Alsodeia brachypetala 
Turcz., paniculate ; petals not strictly equal ; capsules obovoid-trigonous 
or clavate-trigynous. Frequent in damp woods near cataracts of the 
river Cuanza and of Capopa near Sange, also in Zengas de Queta ; 
fl. and fr. Jan., July, Sept., 3 Nov. 1855, March 1856. Native name 
“Tesse’”’ or “'Teze” or “ Tesse Cabinda.” No. 894. 


8. R. Welwitschii O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 42 (1891). 

Alsodeia Welwitschvi Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 110. 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—Remarkable for the small black dots on the lower 
surface of the leaves. Sparingly in primitive woods of Mata de 
Quisuculo, near Bango; in flower-bud Jan. 1855, without flowers 
March 1855. No. 882. Welw. Fungi No. 156 grew on the leaves of 
this plant. 


Maximilianea | XII, BIXINE. 3 


XII. BIXINE A. 


1. MAXIMILIANEA Mart. ex Schrank in Flora ii., part i., 
p. 451 (1819). Cochlospermum Kunth (1822); Benth. & Hook. f. 
Gen. Pl. i. p, 124. 


1, M. angolensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 44 (Maximiliana). 

Cochlospermum angolense Welw. Apont. p. 566 ; Oliv. FI. Trop. 
AY. 1. p: 113. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A tree 10 to 20 ft. high, 9 in. in diam. at the base 
of its trunk ; branches divaricate ; flowers very handsome, deep-yellow ; 
fruit capsular, as large as a swan’s egg. On rather dry and rocky slopes, 
between Sange and Camilungo, at the margins of forests, abundant ; 
fl. from Feb. to beginning of May, fr. June and August 1856. No. 544. 
A small richly leafy tree, with palmatifid foliage and handsome yellow 
flowers, flowering near Cambondo 19 Sept. 1854. Ripe capsules near 
Canguerasange Nov. 1854. CoLi. CARP.136. Ponte de Felix Simoés ; 
capsules 5 Nov. 1854. Coun. Carp. 215, 216. 

AmpBaca.—Capsules July 1856. Cou. Carp. 217. 

Welwitsch, Apont. l.c., states that this species inhabits the dry hills 
of Golungo Alto and Ambaca, and also the sandy margins of the river 
Cuanza. The natives call it “ Borotuto,”’ and make from its inner bark 
coarse but very strong cords ; the trunk abounds in yellow sap. 

In a manuscript note Welwitsch suggests that all the three species 
of Cochlospermum Kunth, described in Fl. Trop. Africa, lc., are only 
varying forms of one species. 

The following (of which there was only one specimen) must be 
compared with M. tinctoria O. K., l.c. :— 


Punco ANpDoNGO.—A small tree of 10 to 20 ft. or more, with 
rather spreading branches; trunk at the base ranging up to 13 ft. in 
diam. ; sometimes a shrub of 2 to 4ft., branched from the base ; leaves 
coriaceous, rather rigid ; flowers large, perhaps the largest of the whole 
genus. In rocky thickets, near Cabondo and Catete, in the fortress 
of Pungo Andongo, fl. middle of Dec. 1856 ; also at the base of the 
rocks near Luxillo, and in dampish bushy places at the right bank of 
the river Cuanza near Candumba; fl. March 1857. No. 545. 


2. BIXA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 125. 


1. B. Orellana L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 512 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
pp. 555, 588, n. 58; Welw. Synopse pp. 41, 47, n. 129; Oliv. 
PE Veop. Afr.i. p: 114. 


GoLtunco AuTo.—A stout shrub of 5 to 8 ft., branched from the 
base, richly leafy ; leaves by no means always quite entire, as Endlicher, 
Gen. Pl. p. 918 (1840), states, but those in the middle of the flowering 
branches usually and almost constantly bidendate at the base, with 
far-protruded acute teeth causing the leaf to be palmatifid or lobed ; 
flowers rose-purple ; outer 2 or 3 sepals herbaceous, the rest petaloid : 
petals twice as long as the sepals; anthers quite obtuse and not inflected 
in a hooked manner at the apex ; style inflected in a hooked manner ; 
capsule ovoid-conical, not compressed. Cultivated and half wild at 
the borders of forests and along the banks of rivulets, not uncommon 
near Sange and among the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta ; occa- 
sionally in thickets near Canguerasange, fl. 3 Dec. 1854; in bushy 
places of Queta, fl. July 1855 ; in forests at the river Cuanza, along 
the base of the mountains of Queta; fl. and young fr. Jan. 1856. No. 531. 


38 XII, BIXINEA. | Bixa 


A small tree of 12 to 15 ft., with a trunk of 4 in., or occasionally of 
nearly 6 in. in. diam. at the base. In the denser more elevated forests 
of Sobato Quilongo Quiacatubia, apparently quite wild, but perhaps 
originally introduced, sporadic ; fl. end of Jan. 1855. A small-leaved 
form. No. 532. In the forests of the district, where it is used by the 
inhabitants as a red dye and called “ Quissafu ” ; it is the ‘“ Uruct’” of 
the Brazilians. CoLu. Carp. 116. Sobato Mussengue Dec. 1854; fruit. 
Coui. Carp, 218, 219. A small tree of 8 to 12 ft. ; seeds dyeing red ; 
Bango, middle of August 1856. Native name “ Ditéque.” Fruit. 
Couu. Carp. 220, 221. 

The natives call this bush “ Quisafu,” and employ its seeds to prepare 
a red or yellow dye for various cloths that are fabricated from the 
leaves of palms; moreover, the little baskets (balayos) of Pungo 
Andongo, which are made from the straw of a species of leuwsine, 
and which form one of the most valuable industrial productions of the 
people, owe part of their bright colouring to the dye prepared from the 
seeds. Among the negro medical men the seeds are reported as par- 
ticularly stomachic. It must be considered to be perfectly acclimatised 
in Angola, since in not a few localities in the mountainous districts it 
occurs as a luxuriant plant, in company with other indigenous shrubs 
or small trees. (See Welw. Synopse p. 47.) 


3. ONCOBA Forsk.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 125. 
1. 0. spinosa Forsk. Fl. Aigypt-Arab. pp. exiii, 103 (1775) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 115; var. angolensis Oliv., /.c., p. 116. 
Oncoba (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 555, under n. 125. 


GOLUNGO ALTO.—A small tree or a shrub with the habit of a Camellia, 
occasionally spinous ; flowers large, white, very strongly and pleasantly 
scented, like those of the fragrant hyacinths ; stigma occasionally quite 
entire, but usually with short lobes. In wooded places, between Sange 
and Bango, not abundant; fl. Nov. 1854, and young fr. July 1856. 
No. 5383, 533b. At the borders of forests and palm-groves, near Sange, 
at Cambondo, rather rare; with ripe fruit March 1856. Co.Lu. Carp. 
226, 227. 

Bumso.—A bush of 8 to 12 ft., very rarely of 15 ft. ; fruit aromatic, 
edible. On rocky declivities near Chao de Xella, abundant, and form- 
ing little woods; fr. June 1860. No. 534. A very elegant bush, 12 — 
to 20 ft. high ; leaves evergreen; fruit eaten by the negroes (and b 
Welwitsch). In the primitive forests of Serra da Xella, about 3000 ft. 
of elevation above sea-level ; fruits ranging up to 2 in. in diam, June 
1860. Con. Carp. 7, 222. 

IsLanD oF Sr. THomas.—Native name ‘“ Malimboque.” A leafy 
shoot. No. 3021. 


2. O. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 117; Welw. in 
Trans. Linn, Soc. xxvii. p. 13, t. 3. 
feptaca ? (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 588, n. 53. 


GoLUNGo ALTO.—Sporadic, in primitive woods of Sobato de Bumba 
and in Mata de Quisucula, near Bango Aquitamba, and in secondary 
woods near Sange: fl. and fr. March and Nov. 1855, and Feb. and 
July 1856. No. 587, An elegant bush ; branches erect ; leaves large, 
simple ; flowers large, starting from the trunk and leafless branches ; 
petals 6 to 9, whitish-rose ; fruit 5-valvular; echinate outside with long 
prickles ; seeds very numerous, imbedded in pulp. Mata Quisucula, 
Sept. 1855 and 1857. Native name, “ Xixi’” or ‘ Chichi.” Seeds. 


Oncoba | XII. BIXINES. 39 


CoLi. Carp. 135. A bush with orange-yellow fruit; Sange, March 
1855. Seeds. Coin. Carp. 224. <A bush with virgate branches, leafy 
at the apex and flowers arising from the thicker leafless branches in 
a fasciculate manner; fl. Feb. 1855, fr. May. Native name “ Chiche 
onene.”” Seeds. Coun. CARP. 225. 


3. O. dentata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 119. 


GoLunco ALTO.—A frondose tree of 15 ft., or usually in secondary 
thickets a little tree of 10 to 12 ft. ; trunk erect, divaricately branched 
at the apex ; sepals 3, imbricate in estivation ; petals 6 to 7, white, 
hypogynous ; stamens indefinite, inserted at the base of the ovary; 
filaments short ; anthers long, linear-oblong, yellow, basifixed, erect, 
2-celled ; ovary superior, white-setose ; fruit globular, densely beset 
with rather soft prickles, with several cells, of the size and shape of the 
fruit of Ricinus minor Mill., and of a deep orange colour. Sporadic in 
the primitive woods of Quisucula and at the borders of the forests of 
Serra de Alta Queta; fl. 15 Sept. and in Oct., fr. Jan. 1855 and 1856. 
Native names “ Dibixi” or ‘“Chixi” or “ Fele.” No. 535. A small 
tree with a dilated crown; trunk erect, 2 to 4 in. in diam. ; leaves as in 
O. Welwitschii Oliv., but smaller ; flowers whitish ; fruit bright orange. 
At the borders of primitive forests near Bango Aquitamba. Fruits. 
Cou. Carp. 223. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An arborescent shrub, with several stems from 
the base, erect; leaves rather rigidly chartaceous, dentate or repand ; 
flowers whitish, spreading in a star-like manner. Rather rare in the 
dense woods of the fortress, in Mata de Pungo; fl. Dec. 1856. No. 536. 


4, Q. spinidens Hiern, sp. n. 

A small glabrescent tree, more than 10 ft. high; crown lax; 
branches rather patent, elongate-virgate, terete; leaves elliptic- 
oblong or obovate-oblong, acutely acuminate or cuspidate, rather 
wedge-shaped at the base, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous, very glossy 
and uniform in colour on both surfaces, spinulose-serrate, 43 to 
6 in. long, by 14 to 2 in. broad or rather larger; mid-rib and 
venation in relief on both surfaces; petiole + to 2 in. long, obso- 
letely puberulous or glabrous, rather thickened and sometimes a 
little curved near the apex; stipules small, subulate, caducous ; 
inflorescence axillary and subterminal, spicate-racemose, brac- 
teolate, shortly pedunculate, (in bud) 4 to ? in. long; flower- 
buds globose, subsessile, puberulous; sepals and petals together 
about 17, imbricate, rounded, ciliolate; outermost ones shorter 
than the middle ones; innermost ones the smallest, obovate, 
glabrous; stamens about 17 to 20, glabrous; ovary fleshy, gla- 
brous; ovules several; stigma (in the bud) sessile, rather dilated, 
obscurely angled or trifid?, concave. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—In the denser primitive forests, by the river 
Cuanza, near Candumba; in young flower-bud Jan. 1857; also a 
sterile specimen in rocky wooded places, near Candumba, in March 
1857, No. 886. 

With this should be compared 0. Poggei Gurke in Engl. Jahrb. xviii. 
p. 163 (22 Dec. 1893), a species from the upper Congo country, at 
Lulua, gathered by Pogge, n. 571; the leaves, however, of the Congo 
plant show less prominency in the mid-rib and venation, and they do 
not possess spinulose tips to the serrations. 


40 XII. BIXINES. [ Flacourtia 


4, FLACOURTIA L’Herit.: Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 28. 


1. F. flavescens Wiild. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 830 (1805); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Ate. 4p. 121, 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—A dicecious widely frondose tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, 
with a rhamnoid habit; trunk armed, especially at the base, with 
long stout branched subvertical spines ; branches, shoots and petioles 
reddish ; leaves rather rigid, membranous, above yellowish-green, pale 
below, with slender prominent nerves. Calyx of the male flowers 
patelliform, obsoletely 3-5-lobed ; disk waxy, of an orange-colour, 
covering the whole pan of the calyx, stellately furrowed on the sur- 
face, obsoletely lobed; stamens indefinite, arising from the centre of 
the disk, free, filiform, white, the central ones erect, the lateral ones 
archingly patent, the outer ones deflexed, anthers extrorse, 2-celled, 
longitudinally dehiscing, cells separate. Calyx of the female flowers 
5-cleft ; disk orange ; styles 5 or 6, more or less cohering at the base, 
soon free ; stigma dark purple. Berry green, then turning orange, 
edible, ellipsoidal. Sporadic in the more elevated primitive woods of 
Serra de Alta Queta; fl. and young fr. 4 Dec. 1855. No. 538. 


5. DOVYALIS Arn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 128. 
Aberia Hochst.; Benth. & Hook. f., d.c. 


1. D. macrocalyx Warburg in Engl. & Prantl, Natur]. Pflanz. 
ii. p. 44 (Doryalis) (1893). 

Aberia? macrocalyx Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 122. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, divaricately 
branched above ; branches spinous ; spines } to 13 in. long; leaves 
thinly coriaceous, yellowish-green on both sides ; fruit baccate, orange- 
red, ovoid, involucred by the 6-8-partite calyx, crowned by 2 erect 
filiform softly hairy styles, smooth outside, mucous-pulpy within ; 
seeds 2, erect, embedded, compressed-ovate, shortly beaked, loosely 
woolly outside; albumen fleshy-cartilaginous ; embryo large, not 
curved ; cotyledons flat, ovate-cordate ; radicle pointed towards the 
beak of the seed. Sporadic in the deep depressions among the rocks 
of the fortress; fr. beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 540. 

The doubt expressed by Oliver, /.c., with regard to the genus, must 
remain. 


The two following plants, both gathered without either flower 
or fruit, bear a close resemblance to the above species :— 


Hu1Lia.—A shrub or perhaps a young tree ; trunk 6 to 10 ft. high, 
already virgately branched a little above the base. In thickets be- 
tween Mumpulla and Nene, Oct. 1859. No. 475, A robust shrub, 
branchlets spinous, leaves distichous. In thin stony woods, near Mum- 
pulla, on the highest ridges of Serra da Xella, Oct. 1859. No. 543. 
This is apparently the plant referred to by Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
p. 125, in a note at the end of the genus A beria. 


2. D. mollis Warburg in Engl. & Prantl, Zc. (Doryalis). 
Aberia mollis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 122. 


PuNGO ANDONGO.—<A much-branched spinous bush, 10 ft. high ; 
habit similar to that of Diospyros Dendo Welw. ; leaves membranous, 
beset above with short blackish rather rigid hairs, and beneath with 
a yellowish down, soft; flowers apparently dicecious; sepals of the 
pistilliferous flowers 5 or 6, green, pilose, rather spreading ; ovary 
depresso-globose, pilose, bearing at the apex 3 or 4 firm erect styles, 


Dovyalis | XII, BIXINE. 4] 


with numerous spreading stigmatose lobes at the tip; cells of the 
ovary apparently each with several ovules. By thickets in moist rocky 
situations, near Catete ; sporadic; in female flower-bud 28 Feb. 1857. 
No. 539, A patently branched little tree ; trunk straight ; branches and 
branchlets spinous, leaves softly coriaceous, yellowish-green beneath ; 
calyx deeply 6-8-cleft, divided nearly to the base; immature fruit 
baceate, globose, hirsute outside, juicy, as large as a hazel-nut, mostly 
3-celled, bursting the 6-8-partite calyx, crowned at the apex with the 
firm style which is divided into 4 or several stigmas ; cells 1-seeded, 
seeds hirsute. In dampish rocky places within the fortress at Bar- 
rancos de Catete ; in young fruit 12 May 1857. No. 539).. 


Var. 8, lanceolata (Oliv., /.c., p. 123). 
Punco ANpoNGO.—A slender little tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, with 
spreading spinous branches and whitish-tomentose flower-buds. In 


bushy stations at the cataract of Condo of the river Cuanza, sporadic ; 
in flower-bud March 1857. No. 546 (not 5465). 


XIII. PITTOSPORE A. 
1. PITTOSPORUM Banks; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 131. 


1. P. coriaceum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, iii. p. 488 (1789) ; Lowe 
Fl. Mad. i. p. 104. 


ISLAND OF MADEIRA.—Fruit. Sr. J.M. Moniz. Coun. Carp. 228. 


2. P. viridiflorum Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1684 (1814). 
P. abyssinicum Del., var. angolensis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 124. 


Huitia.—A small evergreen floribund tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, much 
branched, aromatic-resinous in most parts; branches whitish, erect-. 
patent, subfastigiate ; leaves thinly coriaceous, glossy above, pale and 
reticulate-venulose beneath ; flowers densely panicled at the apex of 
the branchlets, pale yellow, very nicely and powerfully fragrant with 
an aroma combining those of Syringa and Orange ; calyx short, 5-partite 
to the base, segments obtuse, ciliolate. Petals 5, claws connivent into 
a short tube, limb rather spreading. Stamens rather perigynous than 
hypogynous, erect; ovary 2-3-celled; cells 2-3-ovuled; style thick, 
straight, firm; stigma truncate-capitate, at the time of fecundation 
furnished with a milk-white glutinous exudation round which the 
anthers adhere. The flowers last a long time, and especially in a dry 
season remain long in bud. Not uncommon in thin sandy woods about 
the large lake Ivantala ; in flower-bud Jan. 1860, fl. beginning of Feb., 
fr. May 1860. No. 1034. An arborescent shrub, 6 fi. high, with a 
dilated divaricate crown and tortuous very rigid branches and branch- 
lets; flowers whitish-yellow. Sporadic in stony spots in Morro do 
Monino, at an elevation of 5500 ft. above the sea; fl. March, fr. May 
1860. No. 10340. 


XIV. POLYGALACE A. 


Throughout the coast regions of Angola proper the Polygalacez 
are scarce, and are represented only by two forms of an herbaceous 
Polygala ; even in the hilly regions the number of species is not 
much increased, though there occur two genera, Securidaca and 
Carpolobia, which consist of woody plants. One species of Secwr?- 
daca is a gigantic creeper, with a trunk from 2 to 23 ft. in 


42 XIV. POLYGALACES. [ Polygala 


circumference, climbing on trees to the height of 60 to 80 ft. In 
the highland region the species are much more numerous, some 
being of remarkable elegance. (Welwitsch, Apont. p. 562.) The 
Order is entirely absent from the coast region of Mossamedes, and 
towards the interior it first appears in Benguella near Bumbo; 
all the species from that district up to the high plateau are small 
plants with insignificant flowers; but when the plateau of Hum- 
pata is reached two species are met with, which produce an 
important effect on the physiognomy of the landscape; one of 
them, Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen., is a tree so large that 
Welwitsch took breakfast under its shade, and the other, Polygala 
Gomesiana Welw., is an herbaceous plant, 3 to 5 ft. high, with 
magnificent flowers, fit to become one of the finest ornaments 
of European gardens. Many of the species are perennial ; and 
several annual species, which occur between Pungo Andongo and 
Talla-mungongo, appear to be wanting in Huilla. 


1. POLYGALA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 136. 


1. P. africana Chodat, Mon. Polygal. i. p. 99 (1891), ii. p. 168, 
+t. xxi. fig. 20, 21 (1893). 
P. nucrantha Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 131, part., non alior. 


PunGo ANDONGO.—A tender elegant annual herb, with an erect 
tree-like habit, branched in the upper part in a breom-like manner. 
Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, very deciduous ; lateral bracteoles 
very small, subscarious, linear, rather obtuse, shorter than the bract 
and persisting longer, but at length deciduous. Flowers rose-colour 
or occasionally rose-purple ; keel not crested on the back, but usually 
the apex of the keel fringed with 3 to 5 very small linear obtuse ligules 
of unequal length. Seed pilose with curved hairs. Abundant but in 
few localities, in rather moist shortly grassy pastures near the rivulet 
of Catete, within the fortress; in company with Kyjllingia triceps 
Rottb., Cyperus uncinatus Poir., and C. capillipes C. B. Clarke ; fi. 
beginning of Feb., fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 1009. Flowers whitish- 
rose. In shortly grassy meadows near Quisonde, on the right bank of 
the river Cuanza; gregarious, but only in one place; fl. March 1857. 
No. 1009). A graceful erect branched rather fleshy and bitter herb ; 
stem acutely angular ; leaves scattered, narrowly linear-lanceolate, her- 
baceous-green ; racemes spike-like, pedunculate ; flowers always milk- 
white and rather fleshy, wholly glabrescent ; outer sepals lanceolate, 
subequal, one-third as long as the obovate-circular obtuse shortly 
clawed wings; petals free a litthe above the base, rather broad, keel 
sparingly crested, rather shorter than the wings ; crest sometimes very 
small, in other cases more developed, and consisting of 3 or 4 or even 
8 obtuse usually apical dorsal fimbrize ; capsule much shorter than the 
wings, circular, very shortly stipitate, a little or scarcely emarginate 
at the apex, deeply sulcate, quite smooth, the older ones becoming 
turgid on both sides; seeds obvoid-elliptical, with a very small or 
obsolete caruncle, wholly beset with scattered rather thick whitish 
rather rigid hairs inflexo-capitate in a circinate manner at the apex ; 
stamens constantly 8, with yellow proportionately large anthers. On 
the damp shortly grassy slopes of the mountains of Serra de Pedras 
de Guinga (the Scorpion Mountains), at an elevation of 3500 ft. ; fl. 
and fr. March 1857. No. 1010. 


Polygala| XIV, POLYGALACES. 43 


Hoviiuia.—A slender herb, with the habit almost of Salomonia Lour. ; 
leaves bright green, scattered, subpatent-erect ; flowers rose-purple, 
almost globose when fully developed ; keel 4-8-fimbriate at the apex ; 
capsule circular, scarcely or shortly emarginate ; seeds clothed with 
hairs curved down at the apex. Scattered and nearly always in com- 
pany with species of Xyris and dwarf Cyperacew, by rivulets, near the 
great lake of the Hippopotamus (Lagoa de Ivantala), at an elevation 
of 5000 ft.; fl. and fr. March 1860. No. 1021. 

2. P. spicata Chodat, J.c., ii. p. 221, t. xxiii. fig. 36, 37. 

Hvitia.—A graceful little herb 1 ft. high; stems erect, filiform, 
variously branched, sparingly leafy ; leaves, especially the lower ones, 
lanceolate, flat, not subulate ; bracts and bracteoles scarious-whitish, 
soon deciduous; flowers milky-white-greenish, drying quite pale 
sulphur-coloured, arranged in long spikes; the three outer sepals 
ovate-acuminate, white ; wings obovate-oblong, attenuate towards the 
base into a short claw, milk-white, soon turning pale sulphur-yellow, 
three times as long as the outer sepals and as the capsule; capsule 
ovate-orbicular, apiculate not emarginate at the apex, quite smooth, 
without any marginal line ; seeds shortly ellipsoidal, beset all over 
with whitish rather rigid somewhat curved hairs ; caruncle very small 
or even obsolete. In marshy grassy situations, at the margins of 
forests, near Lopollo, in company with species of Gladiolus, Drosera, and 
Eriocaulon, abundant ; fl. and fr. Nov. and 3 Dec. 1859. No. 1027. 

3. P. persicariefolia DC. Prodr. i. p. 326 (1824); Oliv. dc., 
p. 129, part. ; Chodat, U.c., i. p. 127, ii. p. 331, tab. xxvii. fig. 22, 23. 

Bumpo.—Branches and racemes very patent; interior sepals ovate- 
orbicular ; bracts persistent. Leaves flaccid and softly puberulous. In 


less dense thickets, at the base of Serra da Xella, at altitude about 
1800 ft. above the sea ; very sporadic; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1028. 


4, P. Gomesiana Welw. ex Oliv., /.c., p. 126; Welw. Sert. p. 14, 
t. 4; Chodat, l.c., ii. p. 336, tab. xxvii. fig. 32—34 (1893). 

HuiLia.—Pollen-grains spherical or ellipsoidal, longitudinally costate- 
striate, sometimes throwing out pollen-tubes even while the anther is 
unopened. Not uncommon in damp meadows amongst high grass by 
streams near Lopollo, at an elevation of 3000 ft.; fl. and fr. Feb. and 
March 1860. No. 1032. A perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high, slightly 
branched ; leaves lanceolate, deep-green; flowers handsome, very 
crowded, arranged in long panicled racemes, very pretty purple-violet, 
persisting for a long time. Much the most beautiful of all known 
species of the genus. In moist situations by the streams near Lopollo 
and Humpata, fl. Jan. to April 1860. Cou. Carp. 10. 


5. P. arenaria Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. p. 880 (1800) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 128. (maximd parte); Chodat, l.c.,i. p. 127, i. p. 337, 
tab. xxvul. fig. 35, 36 (1893). 

Several different forms are included in the following :— 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—In exposed sandy places alongside the banks of the 
river Luinha, by no means frequent ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 993. 
On grassy slopes of Serra de Alta Queta, fl. March 1856. No, 998. 
An annual herb; branches ascending ; flowers white-greenish ; leaves 
dimorphic, those on the primary stem elliptic-lanceolate, those on the 
branches linear-lanceolate or quite linear ; in the more elevated pastures 
of the Queta mountains above Camilungo, but not frequent ; fl. 1855. 
No. 998. Simple or variously branched ; in neglected cultivated places 


44 XIV. POLYGALACE. | Polygala 


and in grassy places, at the borders of woods, by the banks of the river 
Cuanza; fl. and fr. Oct. to Dec. 1854. No. 999. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An annual rather hirsute erect herb ; flowers. 
whitish with a tinge of purple ; in wooded pastures between Condo 
and Bumba, only one specimen in flower March 1857. No. 1002. 
Flowers almost entirely white ; exterior sepals white-green, interior 
sepals milk-white, greenish in the middle ; corolla whitish, fimbrize of 
the crest long, filiform ; not uncommon in damp meadows by the banks. 
of the river Cuanza, near Mopopo, fl.and fr. April 1857. No.1007. An 
annual erect herb; leaves membranous, beneath pale-green turning 
whitish ; flowers milk-white ; wings white-green ; corolla almost alto- 
gether whitish ; fruit orbicular-obcordate, narrowly winged towards 
the apex, hispid-ciliate on the winged margin. In secondary thickets, 
formerly wooded, between the rivers Caghuy and Cuanza ; fl. and fr. 
Jan. 1857. No. 1016. 


6. P. Livingstoniana Chodat, /.c., ii. p. 339, t. xxvii. fig. 38. 


HvuiLta.—Wings and corolla whitish. In wooded meadows, the 
trees chiefly consisting of Proteacee and Syzygium, in the territory of 
Moninho (or Monino); fl. and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 1025. 


7. P. Stanleyana Chodat, lc., ii. p. 340, t. xxvii. fig. 39; var. 
angustifolia Chodat, /.c. 


GoLuNGO ALTo,—On the more elevated grassy slopes of Sobato de 
Quilombo-Quiacatubia, at an elevation of about 2200 ft.; sporadic ; 
fl. and fr. 1855. No. 999d. 

PuNnGo ANDONGO.—Wings whitish-greenish ; corolla rose-coloured. 
In wooded meadows, between Condo and Quisonde, not far from the 
right bank of the river Cuanza; fl. March 1857. No.1011. Sepals 
green ; wings whitish; keel, etc., whitish or pale violet. In elevated 
shortly grassy pastures among the mountains of Serra de Pedras de 
Guinga ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1017. An annual herb, erect, 
sometimes rigidly so; leaves bright green ; racemes very densely spicate- 
imbricate ; flowers whitish-greenish, larger than in No. 1017 ; the three 
outer sepals herbaceous-green ; wings obliquely obovate, whitish, green 
at the base ; corolla whitish ; keel crested ; capsule emarginate, hispidu- - 
lous-ciliolate ; seeds clothed with rather rigid hairs directed down- 
wards ; caruncle large, whitish. In wooded meadows, at the banks of 
the river Cuanza, near the islands called Ilhas de Calemba; fl. and fr. 
March 1857. No. 10170. 

Chodat founds this species partly on Welwitsch, ‘“‘ No. 1015 a pro 
parte”; but the whole of the No. 1015 in the British Museum set is, 
on the authority of Dr. Chodat himself, P. Welwitschii B ovatifolia 
Chodat, as quoted below. 


8. P. Welwitschii Chodat, /.c., i. p. 127, ii. p. 341, t. xxvii. fig. 40. 
P. arenaria var. andongensis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 128. 


a linearifolia Chodat, J.c. 

Punco AnponGo.—An annual slender herb, branched from the base; 
branches ascending; leaves linear, membranous, bright green ; flowers 
green-purplish ; a variety not noticed in the district of Golungo Alto ; 
in rocky sparsely grassy places, among the more elevated gigantic rocks 
of Pedra de Cazella, within the lines of fortifications ; fl. 18 Dec. 1856. 
No. 1008. In grassy hilly places at the great cataract of the river 
Cuanza, near Condo; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1008). Annual ; 
stem short, densely branched ; branches divaricate-ascending ; flowers 
from white to violet-greenish ; in dampish grassy thickets by the road 


Polygala| X1V. POLYGALACES. 45 


leading from Ponte de Luxillo towards Cambambe, sparingly; fl. May 
1857. No. 1012. Interior sepais green ; corolla slightly rose-coloured ; 
frequent and gregarious in marshy places near the lake of Quibinda, 
then nearly dry, in company with Utricularia exilis Oliv. ; fl. in the 
rainy season, March 1857. No. 1013. 

Huriia. — Annual, erect, 1 to 5 in. high; leaves elongate-linear, 
erect, rather fleshy, purplish-green above, 1-furrowed, yellowish- 
lepidote beneath, midrib keel-shaped, thick, bright purple ; flowers 
rose-coloured, densely spicate-racemose, exceeded by the involucrate 
leaves ; in dampish pastures of Morro de Lopollo, at an elevation of 
9900 ft. ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1026. 


B ovatifolia Chodat, J/.c. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—A small annual pale green herb ; stems some- 
times simple, at other times branched, very slender, tenacious ; flowers 
whitish ; in shortly grassy marshes of the drying lake of Quibinda ; 
fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1014, A small annual herb ; leaves mem- 
branous, subglaucous-green ; flowers variegated with green and purple ; 
fruit ellipsoidal, often emarginate at the apex ; seeds covered all over 
with rather rigid appressed hairs ; in grassy thickets between Quisonde 
and Condo ; fl. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 1015. 


9. P. Chodatiana Hiern, sp. n. 


A small annual herb; stem short, densely branched from the 
base; branches crowded, ascending, forming little tufts, hirsute, 
leafy, somewhat striate towards the apex; leaves narrowly oval 
or obovate-oblong, rounded or sub-apiculate at the apex, more or 
less wedgeshaped to the shortly petiolate base, scattered with 
hairs especially on the narrowly revolute margin and on the 
midrib, green above, rather paler beneath, + to i in. long by 
4 to jin. broad ; racemes terminal and axillary, 2 to ? in. long, 
+ to Fin. thick, shortly pedunculate, not involucrate, subglobose 
or ovoid or oblong, mostly strobiliform, densely flowered ; bracts 
small, persistent, spreading, lanceolate, acute, scattered with 
hairs; flowers $ to + in. long, shortly pedicellate, more or less 
nodding or reflexed, lilac-greenish, turning reddish, capitate ; 
pedicels 54, to 2 in. long, arching, thinly hairy ; sepals persistent ; 
anterior sepals elliptical, ciliolate, free, =. in. long; posterior 
sepal elliptical, 4 in. long, hairy on the back and margins ; wing- 
sepals broadly obovate, broader than the capsule, rounded above, 
narrowed at the base to a short claw, somewhat hairy on the 
margin and along the midrib at the back, Lin. long by + in. 
broad, with venation sparingly anastomosing ; keel crested, 4, in. 
long, clawed at the base, hooded at the apex, hairy along the 
back ; crest bilobed, with plurifid lobes ; upper petals about 54 in. 
long, oblong, obtuse ; anthers not sessile on the staminal tube ; 
style long, bent, slender; lower stigma inconspicuous; capsule 
obovoid, $ in. long, ciliate; seeds oblong, ;4, in. long, hairy ; 
caruncle not falcate, short. 


AMBACA.—In wooded, shortly grassy, rather elevated pastures near 
the great cave of Puri Cacarambola, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1855. 
No. 1001. Pamba, Oct. 1858; fl. and fr. Conn. Carp. 229, 

Nearly allied to P. Welwitschii Chodat, but not glabrescent. 


46 XIV. POLYGALACES. | Polygala 


10. P. erioptera DC. Prodr. i. p. 326 (1824); Chodat, Lc., 
p. 342, t. xxvii, fig. 1-4. 

P. triflora Oliv., l.c., p. 128 (non L.), var. a. diffusa Oliv., .c., 
p- 129. 


Var. angolensis Chodat, l.c., ii. p. 344. 

Loanpa.—Some specimens suffruticose, others herbaceous. Fre- 
quent in hilly grassy places around the city of Loanda, namely at 
Penedo, Conceigad, Zamba grande, Boa Vista, ete. ; fl. and fr. April, 
July and August 1854. No. 992. A small annual herb, erect, in old 
age usually decumbent and almost suffruticose ; flowers greenish-rose- 
coloured ; a stricter form with more elongated and narrower leaves ; 
frequent on sandy-stony and clayey-sandy hills, also in nearly dry 
pools, especially near Maianga de Povo, etc. ; fl. at end of Jan. and in 
Feb. 1858. No. 992d. 

AMBACA.—An annual herb, with white-purplish flowers ; frequent 
in exposed stony and adjacent neglected cultivated places around 
N-gombe ; ff. Oct. 1856. No. 1000. In dry exposed stations, near 
Ambaca, Oct. 1856. CoLu. Carp. 230. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—In clayey stony places of the fortress of Pungo 
Andongo, very sporadic (no specimen separated for the British Museum); 
fl. Dec. 1856. No. 1003. 


11. P. Myrtillopsis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 130; 
vix Chodat, /.c., ii. p. 491. 


Huityia.—Suffruticose, with a vaccinioid habit; stems patently 
hairy ; branches ascending from the thick many-headed root, ceespitose, 
pubescent, a palm high or shorter; leaves oblong-elliptic, rather 
rigidly chartaceous, bright herbaceous-green, on both sides closely 
scattered wlth slender elevated veins; margins ciliate ; petiole very 
short, alate-flat ; racemes few-flowered, flowers nodding, bracts and 
bracteoles persistent ; interior sepals obliquely obovate-cuneate, 
attenuate below, green, ciliolate ; keel crested with rather long fimbriz, 
whitish-violet, soon pale-yellowish ; capsule broadly obcordate, ciliate 
at the margin, one cell rather prominent at the apex. Seeds cuneate- 
oblong, covered with rather rigid dense white shining straight hairs ; 
strophiole large, yellow-brown. Rather rare, in sandy-clayey hilly 
thinly bushy places, near Lopolla, in company with species of 
Gnidium and Thesium ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 1029. 

The specimen in Herb. Kew. received from Lisbon under this name 
is P. rarifolia DC. 


12. P. huillensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 133; 
Chodat, /.c., i. p. 74, ii. p. 366, tab. xxviii. fig. 43-45. 


Hvitia.—Suffruticose ; stems radiately decumbent, rather rigid, 
fragile ; leaves and flowers rather fleshy ; peduncles acutely angular ; 
interior sepals green; keel of the corolla violet-coloured, crested ; 
capsule short, emarginate ; in elevated sandy-clayey stony pastures, 
between Lopollo and Humpata, fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1030. 
Stems numerous, distorted; leaves rather fleshy ; interior sepals 
green ; corolla bright blue, keel crested ; in the denser sandy thickets 
between Mumpulla and Nene, at an elevation of 4500 ft., in company 
with species of Thesium ete., fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1031. <A short- 
leaved form, var. buxifolia Welw., intermixed with but rarer than 
No. 1031, gathered at the same time in flower. No. 10310. 


Polygala| XIV. POLYGALACES. 47 


13. P. sparsiflora Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 127; var. B. Oliv., 
lc., p. 128; Chodat, U.c., ii, p. 491. 

P. ukirensis Girke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiv. p. 310, ide 
Chodat ms. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Three sepals green, wings whitish, corolla pale 
lilac. In dampish pastures, at the river Cuanza, between Condo and 
Quisonde, very few specimens, fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1018. 


14, P. rarifolia DC. Prodr. i. p. 332; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. 
p. 132; Chodat, U.c., ii. p. 367, tab. xxix. fig. 5-7. 


Punco AnponGco.—An undershrub, 2-3 ft. high ; stem and branches 
virgate, erect ; flowers greenish-violet ; the three outer sepals green, 
the two interior ones whitish; keel blue-violet; capsule smooth, 
oblong, acutely bilobed ; sparingly in dampish sandy thickets, at the 
right bank of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda, in fl. and young fr. 
Dec. 1856. No. 1019. Stem straight, 2-31 ft. high ; flowers whitish- 
rose-coloured ; on bushy hills between Bumba and Condo, fl. March 
1857. No. 1019). Ranging up to 4 ft. in height ; habit strict, rush- 
like ; the three outer sepals green-yellowish, the two interior ones as 
well as the corolla yellowish ; capsule bilobed, with the tooth-like 
remains of the style in the sinus; in the dryer grassy places at the 
borders of woods near Catete, rare fl. and fr. May 1857 ; the natives 
employ the macerated stems for cords. No. 1020. 

HviILuia.—Interior sepals milk-white, deep blue at the apex ; keel 
whitish-violet ; capsule unequally 3-lobed, that is, the remains of the 
style very much produced in the sinus of the 2 lateral lobes ; in the 
higher rather sandy thickets near Fonte de Lopollo, very sparingly, fl. 
April 1860. No. 1024. 


Var. melanophleba (Welw.) ex Oliv., /.c., p. 133. 

Hviria.—Annual, slender, erect, 14 to 2 ft. high, rush-like, virgately 
branched ; leaves linear, rather rigid, very caducous; interior sepals 
yellowish with black veins; keel violet-blue, fimbriate-crested, the 
remaining petals pale or whitish yellow ; seeds brown-black, beset with 
distant very patent hairs ; sporadic in damp sparingly bushy pastures, 
between Lopollo and Nene, at elevations of about 5000 ft., fl. and fr. 
27 April 1860. No. 1022. 


The following is a form with shaggy-pubescent inflorescence :—- 


Huitia.—In stony thickets between Lopollo and Fazenda do 
Ferrao da Sola, sparingly, fl. Jan. 1860. No. 1023. 


2. SECURIDACA Siegesb., L; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
p- 138; non Tourn. 


1. §. longepedunculata Fresen. in Mus. Senck. i. p. 275 (1837) ; 
var. parvifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 134 (form with the ventral 
margin of the wing of the fruit much inflected near the base). 

Punco AnponGo.—A bush 4 to 7 ft. high ; trunk straight, 1 to 14 in. 
thick, crowned by a low divaricately branched head ; flowers variegated, 
whitish, violet, and rose ; in thin woods on a ferruginous clayey soil 
about Quibanga, fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1005. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. 
high, divaricately branched ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous ; flowers rose- 
coloured ; not uncommon, but rarely flowering, in low sandy thickets 
about Ponte de Luxillo, Dec. 1856 ; about Pungo Andongo, Feb. 1857. 
No. 1006. 


* 0 . 
48 XIV. POLYGALACEA. | Securidaca 


Hvuria.—A shrub of 3 to 4 ft. with few branches, more rarely a 
small tree of 6 to 10 ft. with dilated crown ; branches always divaricate, 
occasionally spinous, flowers violet-purple ; in wooded stony bushy 
places, at an elevation of 4500 ft., near Nene, but always sporadic, 
fl. Oct. 1859, fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1038. 


2. §. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 1385. 
Lophostylis floribunda Welw. Apont. p. 562. 


Gotunao ALTO.—A robust evergreen shrub, climbing up the tallest 
trees and ornamenting their crowns with innumerable flowers and 
filling the whole vicinity with very sweet fragrance ; stems usually 
1 to 1 ft. in diameter at their base; branchlets and even the thicker 
branches glossy with a grass-green bark, smooth, the young ones 
occasionally’ striate, the older ones reflexed-arched ; leaves thinly 
coriaceous, glossy, flat, not revolute at the margin ; flowers variegated 
with white and rose-colour ; calyx 5-sepalous, with three shorter 
sepals and two large brilliant-white lateral ones; petals 3, the front 
one galeate-folded in the form of a keel, investing the sexual organs, 
white, rose-coloured at the apex; the two back petals broadly linear, 
fleshy, straight, rose-coloured at the base, at the apex brilliantly 
sulphur-coloured and truncate, shorter than the front one and over- 
lying it in an imbricate manner, quite patent in full flower ; stamens 
monadelphous, 8, ascending, combined into a vertically compressed 
tube cleft in front; filaments white, equal in height, free at the 
apex; anthers erectly fixed at the apex of the filaments, yellow, 
apparently opening longitudinally with 2 or 3 pores ; ovary obcordate, 
in the centre of the thick turgid annular disk, terminating in the 
violet-coloured ascending style ; stigma shortly clavate-capitate, green, 
papillose-viscid, usually bearded with the closely adhering and dried 
up pollen. In the densest primitive forests alongside streams among 
the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta; fl. from 19 Mar. to June, fr. 
from May to Sept. 1855-56, occasionally. No, 994. A stout shrub, 
climbing 30 to 40 ft. high, with numberless very agreeably fragrant 
flowers variegated with white and purple. Central Queta. Ripe fr. 
June 1856. Cornu. Carp. 231. 

On the living trunks of this species grew the Lichen No. 255. 


Var. 8 platyphylla Welw. ms. in Herb. A scandent shrub, 6 to 7 
ft. high ; the upper part of the stem as well as the branches and 
branchlets purple ; leaves broadly ovate, almost subcordate, thinly 
coriaceous, constantly but narrowly revolute on the margin, brightly 
glossy above, a little paler beneath. 

GoLtuNnco AxTo.—In shady little woods, near N-déle (N-della), 
rather rare ; fl. Feb. 1856. No. 995. 

The structure of the stem in this creeper is extremely curious, and 
it appears to be a character in the genus ; for Dr. Kirk observed the 
same arrangement of the vascular bundles in the wood of another 
species from the Zambesi country. 


3. CARPOLOBIA G. Don; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 139. 

1. C. alba G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 370 (1831); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Ait. f-10, Loo: 

Gotunco ALro.—An evergreen shrub, not scandent, 3 to 8 ft. high, 
repeatedly branched ; branches long, thin, spreading, leafy ; leaves 
rather fleshy, subcoriaceous, bright green, with a long acumen at the 
apex, regularly undulate at the margin ; flowers (in bud) apparently 


Carpolobia| XIV. POLYGALACES. 49 


white, two petals spotted with violet at the apex ; stamens constantly 
5, all fertile, without trace of any staminodes ; filaments combined at 
the base into a tube cleft in front, free from the middle upwards ; 
anthers basifixed ; ovary conical, subcompressed, somewhat obliquely 
seated on the large spongy disk or gynophore, gradually acuminate at 
the apex into the curved somewhat compressed style, terminating in 
the thinly capitate stigma, mostly 3-celled, sometimes by abortion 
2-celled, very rarely 1-celled ; cells 1-ovuled ; ovule pendulous, turgid, 
more or less ellipsoidal ; fruit tenaciously fleshy, bright scarlet or of 
a deep orange colour, baccate, ovoid-trigonous or clavate-oblong and 
trigynous, as large as a hazel-nut, mucronate at the apex, subpendu- 
lous, edible. In palm-groves and in primitive forests, throughout the 
district, especially near N-déla (Undelle) and at the spring of Capopa ; 
also at the banks of the river Delamuoa and along the public road 
from Trombeta to Cambondo ; abundant ; fl. and fr. June to Oct. and 
Dec. to Feb. 1855-56. No. 996. A shrub of 33 ft. with erect-patent 
branchlets. In woods near Trombeta, sporadic. A form with narrow 
and very acute leaves, without either fl. or fr., Sept. 1857. No. 997. 
A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high; flowers white; fruit broadly ovoid, tri- 
gonous, fleshy, orange-red, sweet, edible, 3-seeded. Fruit, near the 
river Delamboa, June and end of July 1856. Cou. Carp. 232. 

Punco AnDONGO.—A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, with long sparse branches, 
thinly coriaceous leaves, and whitish-rose flowers. In wooded situa- 
tions, in Barrancos da Pedra Songue, rather rare ; fl. and young fr. 
Dec. 1856. No. 1004. 


XV. FRANKENIACE A. 

1. FRANKENIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 141. 

1. F. ericifolia Chr. Smith in Buch, Allgem. Uebers. Fl. Canar. 
p- 30 (1819); var. a, microphylla Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. 
Ins. p. 271 (1852). 

CAPE DE VERDE JSLANDS.—Frequent on sandy volcanic hills behind 
Villa de Mindello, near Porto Grande, in St. Vincent Island, fl. Sept. 


1853. No.1094. Near Villa de Mindello, Porto Grande, in stony-sandy 
dry places, at the sea-shore ; abundant ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1095. 


XVI. CARYOPHYLLACEA. 


The Clove Pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus L.) is commonly culti- 
vated in Angola, but the flowers very rarely come to even tolerable 
perfection. 


1, SILENE L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 147. 
1. §. Burchellii Otth. in DC. Prodr. i. p. 374 (1824); Oliv. 
El. Prop. Afr. i. p. 139. 


HuviLia.—Ferraé da Sola and around Lopollo, occasional in potato- 
fields ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 1082. 


2. STELLARIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 149. 
1. §. Mannii Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 183 (1864) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 141. 
Sr. Tuomas’ Istanp.—Stems ranging up to 2 ft. in length, rooting 
at each node. Gregarious in the more elevated mossy spots in the 


forests of Monte Caffé, in company with Peperomia Fernandopoana 
C.DC., and with species of Hepatice ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 1085. 


4 


50 XVI. CARYOPHYLLACES. [ Stellaria 


2. §. media L. apud Cyrill. Char. Comm. p. 36, t. 2, f. 9 (1784) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 141, in note. 


AMBRIZ.—Occasional, in cultivated ground around the town of 
Ambriz, without doubt formerly introduced with seeds of culinary 
plants from Europe, fl. and fr. Noy. 1853. No. 1069. 


3. SPERGULA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 152. 


1. S. arvensis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 440 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
p. 143, in note; var. vulgaris Syme, Engl. Bot. ii., p. 127 (1865). 

S. vulgaris Boenningh. Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal. p. 135 
(1824). 

HvILtua.—Seeds beset with papille. Common in cultivated places 
near Lopollo : for example, in fields of maize and of flax, the seed of 


which latter had been imported from Germany ; fl. and fr. May 1860. 
No. 1084. 


4, DRYMARIA Willd.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 152. 


1. D. cordata Willd. ex Roem. et Schult. Syst. v. p. 406 (1819) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 143. 


PRINCE’s ISLAND.—Sparingly in neglected cultivated places, by the 
roadside towards Pico de Papagaio, fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1068. 

GoLuNGco AuTo.—An ascending viscid opaque-green annual herb, 
infesting fields of cultivation ; flowers inconspicuous, greenish. Among 
plants of Phaseolus and of Arachis, in some places plentiful, in others 
rare, and in some years absent ; by the banks of the river Coango, near 
Sange, fl. and fr. April 1856. At the base of “Dia ia Calunga” 
(Dracena parviflora Baker; Welw. Herb. 3739), in wooded places 
near streams, fl. and fr. March 1855 and July 1856. No. 1070. 


5. POLYCARPA Loefl. Iter Hisp. p. 7 (1758). Polycarpon L. 
Syst. ed. 10, p. 881 (1759); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 152. 


1. P. pusilla Roxb. apud Wight & Arn. Prodr. p. 358 (1834) 
(Polycarpon pusillum). 

Polycarpon Loeflingii Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 153; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 144. Pharnacewm depressum L. Mant. 
Pl. alt. p. 562 (1771). Polycarpa prostrata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. i. p. 51 (1891) pro parte. 


AMBRIZ.—A decumbent or ascending, apparently annual herb, clothed 
with white villous hairs on the stem and on the lanceolate acuminate 
leaves. On sandy hills among short grass near the river Quisembo, in 
places flooded in summer but then dry ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1073. 

Lisonco.—Sepals broad, with white membranous margins ; petals 
whitish, very thin, narrowly lanceolate ; capsule incompletely 3-celled, 
nearly 1-celled ; seeds very numerous and small, ovoid or oblong-ovoid. 
Abundant and gregarious, but seen only in one place, in clayey swamps 
nearly dried up, about the lake of Libongo, on the left bank of the 
river Lifune, in company with Azolla pinnata Br., forma terrestris 
(Welw. Herb. No. 37), etc. ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 1076. 

AmBACA.—A prostrate herb ; stems spreading in the form of a star ; 
bracts and stipules scarious whitish. Rather rare, in swampy spots on 
the left bank of the river Lucala, from which Welwitsch extricated 
himself with difficulty ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1074. 


Polycarpa | XVI, CARYOPHYLLACE. 51 


MossaMEDES.—An annual prostrate grass-green herb; the radical 
leaves rosulate, the stem-leaves pseudo-verticillate. In damp sandy 
places, not far from the banks of the river Bero, at Cavalheiros ; fl. 
and fr. July 1859. No. 1083. A prostrate, much branched, rather 
fleshy, annual herb, with purplish or green-purple stems, rose-coloured 
petals, and purple sepals and capsule. July 1859. Coun. Carp. 233, 234. 


6. POLIA Lour. FI. Cochinch. p. 164 (1790). Polycarpeea 
Lam. (1792); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 154. 


1. P. arenaria Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 164 (1790). 

Polycarpea corymbosa Lam. Tabl. Ene. ii, p. 129, n. 2798 
(1793) ;, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1, p. 145. 

HuiLia.—In the more elevated thickets of the Morro de Lopollo, 
in company with small plants of Composite and Acanthacee, fl. and 
fr. April 1860. No. 1080. Flowers brilliantly white ; frequently in 
open sandy forests of “Panda” (Berlinia paniculata Benth.), about the 
great lake of Ivantala, fl. and fr. beginning of March 1860. No. 1081. 

Var. effusa (Oliv., /.c.). 

Huiitia.—In the elevated shortly grassy pastures of Empalanca, 
between Lopollo and Humpata, rather rare ; a herb, apparently peren- 
nial, rhizome woody, stems numerous snow-white tomentellous, flowers 
whitish ; fl. and fr. May 1860. No. 1078. In very elevated shortly 
bushy sandy pastures, inundated in the rainy season, in Morro de 
Lopollo, frequent, in company with Jsoétes and Ophioglossum, flowers 
from white to pale rose, fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 1079. 

Var. parviflora (Oliv., /.c.). 

Loanpa.—In the living state elegant, red-purple, inflorescence shining 
with a golden-brown or claret colour; petals whitish, very tender, 
rather broad ; capsule triquetrous ; abundant in one locality, in sandy 
cultivated fields and in low thickets, between Teba and Quicuxe, 
fl. and fr. April to July 1854. No. 1072. In fields above Penedo, 
frequent, fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 1072). In sandy thickets by the 
road leading to Calumbo, fl. and fr. May 1858. No. 1072c. 

_ Var. linearifolia. Polycarpea linearifolia DC. Prodr. iii. p. 374, 
Oliy., l.c., p. 146. 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—In sandy fertile woods, near Muta-Lucala, on 
the right bank of the river Cuanza, abundant; fl. and fr. March 
1857 ; forms with inflorescence more or less capitate, mixed together. 
No. 1075. In sandy thickets, between Condo and Quisonde. No. 1075). 


XVII. PORTULACEZ. 


The Portulacee rapidly diminish in number of species with the 
distance from the sea coast, and thus they appear with much 
greater abundance in the highland region, where the rocky or 
sandy soils of Pungo Andongo are much more favourable to these 
plants, which in general prefer to live under climatic conditions 
analogous to those of succulent plants; the Purslane (Portulaca 
oleracea L.) occurs everywhere in the greatest abundance just 
after the rains ; they not rarely cover extensive pieces of cultivated 
lands, especially infesting crops of “‘Jinguba” (Arachis hypogea 
L.). See Welw. Apont. p. 557, and Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p. 93 (1884). 


52 XVII. PORTULACE. [ Portulaca 


1. PORTULACA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 156. 


1. P. oleracea L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 445 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 557, under n. 132; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 148. 


LoanpA.—F requent in the richer spots of cultivated ground, almost 
everywhere throughout the district, especially in kitchen-gardens ; fl. 
and fr. May 1854. No. 1101. 

GoLtunGo ALTo.—Very common in places of cultivation and in waste 
places, especially among crops of Phaseolus and Arachis hypogea L., 
which it smothers if neglected ; also in places far removed from human 
habitations ; about Sange and in Luiz Gomes’ garden, fl. and fr. March 
and Sept. 1856; in the great field (Varzea grande) of the Cuango, fl. 
and fr. March 1856. No. 1102. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—An annual, fleshy-succulent herb, nearly ubiqui- 
tous in waste places, in dry fields and among crops ; stems and branches 
sometimes prostrate, at other times copious and all erect, reddish ; - 
flowers yellow, fugacious ; petals 5, obovate, deeply emarginate at the 
apex, almost bilobed. In both sterile and gravelly as well as cultivated 
places, especially among culinary vegetables, about Caghuy and through- 
out nearly the whole district: rather rare, however, in the direction of 
Condo; also frequently met with in places far removed from the 
dwellings of men. Employed by the negroes as well as the colonists 
as a pot-herb. Portuguese name “ Beldroéga” ; called by the negroes 
‘“‘ Jinbembe.” At Pungo Andongo, fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 1103. 


2. P. foliosa Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 793 (1824); Oliv., Je. 


Loanpa.—A herb, 4 to 6 in. high, much branched at the rootstock, 
with ascending stems and fleshy hairy brittle leaves, or sometimes with 
gradually glabrescent stems becoming woody towards the base. Occa- 
sional in dry exposed rather gravelly places, above the city of Loanda, 
near Museque de Luiz Gomes, fl. and fr. May and July 1854. No. 1099. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A greenish-glaucous, hard, rigid herb, succulent 
in the upper part, mostly ascending. Sparingly at the rocks by the 
ereat cataract of the river Cuanza, near Condo, fr. March 1857. No.1104. 
A prostrate, yellow-greenish herb, with fleshy leaves and yellowish 
flowers. Abundant in sandy shortly grassy spots at the right bank of 
the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda, fl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1857. No. 1105. 


3. P. quadrifida L. Mant. i. p. 73 (1767); Oliv., d.c., p. 149. 


LoanpA.—A fleshy herb, apparently persisting for several years ; 
rhizome polycephalous ; stems reddish, branched, rooting at the nodes, 
creeping far forward, succulent; the flowering branches erect, leafy ; 
leaves opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong or rarely lanceolate, fleshy, 
smooth-glaucous, very shortly petiolate, involved up to the middle with 
white rather curly wool ; flowers sessile on the branches, terminal, half 
concealed within the leaves and wool, yellow ; calyx disepalous ; seg- 
ments widely ovate, whitish-membranous; petals 4, scarcely ungui- 
culate, patent, obovate-oblong, yellow, rather large in proportion to 
the size of the plant; stamens 12, half as high as the petals, erect, 
filaments hyaline-pilose at the base ; style filiform, a little thickened 
upwards and like the stamens yellow, a little taller than the stamens ; 
stigmas 4, filiform-subclavate, patently recurved, densely papillose. 
Occasional, in dry hilly stony exposed places, and rarer by maritime 
rocks near Maianga de! Rei, and in Praia-de Zamba Grande (where a 
variety with rose-coloured flowers was observed); fl. and fr. Dec. 1853, 
March 1854, 3 Jan. 1859. No.1100. Cou. Carp. 235. 


Portulaca] XVII. PORTULACES. 53 


Forma pendula Welw. ms. in Herb. 

Stem 13 to 4 ft. long or more, smooth, persisting for several years, 
pendulous, brittle, cylindrical, rose-purple, glassy ; nodes more distant 
than in the type ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather thick, glaucous-green, 
densely bearded in the axils; calyx very deeply bilobed membranous- 
whitish, surrounded with whitish pilose hairs, involucred by the leaves ; 
petals 4, yellow, elongate-ovate, cruciately opposite, rather obtuse but 
mucronate, quickly marcescent ; stamens 12, shorter than the petals ; 
filaments filiform, bifariously bearded ; stigmas 4, linear, 74 in. long, 
. deflexed. 

LoanpA.— By dampish densely bushy rocks to the east of Loanda, 
near Boa Vista, fl. and fr. Feb. 1854. No. 11000. 


The following has been doubtfully referred to this species by 
Oliver, /.c. :— 


MossaMEDES.—A small fleshy perennial herb, root fusiform, stems 
short, succulent, purple, prostrate-ascending, pilose at the nodes; cap- 
sule as in the genus. Sporadic in bushy places near red-sandy rocks by 
the river Bero, at Boca do Rio Bero, fr. July 1859. No. 1108. 


4. P. saxifragoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 149. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—A little herb, with the habit of Saxifraga biflora 
All. or of S. oppositifolia L., 1 to 2 or occasionally 3 in. high ; annual ? 
or perhaps lasting for several years by means of its fleshy rather thick 
simple rhizome, which is divaricately fibrous towards its apex; stems 
small, cylindrical, fleshy, purple, brittle, several and prostrate-ascending 
from the apex of the rhizome, the younger ones densely leafy, with 
distant branches ; leaves exactly opposite, sessile, ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, fleshy, flat-convex, rather obtuse (almost as in Sedum 
dasyphyllum W.), ¢ to % in. long, succulent, glaucous-green, greenish- 
purplish in the living state, very densely villous at the axils, with the 
hairs conglomerated and but little conspicuous on the living plant but 
spreading and exceeding the leaves on the dried plant; internodes +; 
to % in. long, the uppermost ones shorter ; flowers crowded in a capitate 
manner at the apex of the stems and branches, involucrate there with 
the ovate-lanceolate crowded leaves, milk-white, } to } in. long, tubular- 
campanulate ; calyx white, tubular at the base, sessile, bifid, with 
elongate-ovate concave obtuse lobes, reaching one third the height of 
the corolla ; corolla gamopetalous from the base to near the middle, 
tubular below with 4 obtuse lobes and slightly spreading limb; 
stamens 4, alternating with the corolla-lobes and inserted a little 
below their base, erect, included ; filaments very slender; anthers 
elongate-oblong, with 2 linear cells ; style filiform, equalling the corolla, 
rather deeply bifid at the apex, with the lobes stigmatose on the internal 
face ; capsule concealed by the leaves of the involucre, subsessile, 
spherical-conical, shining, narrowly mammillate at the apex with a 
conical opening ; seeds few, orbicular-subreniform, occasionally rather 
compressed, black, glossy, delicately punctulate. In the elevated rocky 
parts of the mountains called Pedras de Guinga, among short and 
scanty herbage, rare and seen in only one locality ; fl. and fr. March 
1857. No. 1106. 


5. P. sedoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 149. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A dwarf annual herb, 1 to 2 in. high, almost 
wholly red-purplish, with the habit of a Sedum or a Cochlearia or often 
of Montia fontana L.; stems erect or ascending, dichotomous or tri 
chotomous ; leaves opposite, fleshy, papillose-striate (as well as the 


54 XVII. PORTULACES. | Portulaca 


stem); flowers sessile, rose-red, fugacious ; calyx tubular, bifid to the 
middle, whitish-rose, deciduous with the corolla; corolla tubular, deep 
rose-red, 4-cleft, fleshy-membranous, very tender, dissolving, with 
obovate equal lobes patent at the time of flowering ; stamens 4, alter- 
nating with the corolla-lobes, inserted a little below their base, sub- 
exserted ; anthers oblong, with 2 linear cells ; ovary 1-celled ; ovules 
numerous ; style filiform, sub-exserted, with 2 hairy diverging lobes 
stigmatose on the inner face ; capsule bright red, membranous, sub- 
depresso-globose, circumscissile, 1-celled ; seeds 3 to 7, fuscous-black 
when ripe, cochleate ; placentation basal. Abundant, on the gneiss 
rocks and fragments of rocks thrown down on the flat land about 
Caghuy, among short mossy herbage on the east of the fortress ; 
fl.and fr. 15 Feb. 1857. No.1107. An annual herb, 1 to 2 in. high, 
fleshy, blood-red throughout. At the rocks of Pungo Andongo ; fr. 
April 1857. Cou. Carp. 239. 

This is the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Apont. p. 557, under 
n. 132, as a new genus, with the habit of Sedwm rubens L., which grows 
in such dense masses on the rocks of Pungo Andongo as to make them 
at a distance glow with a purple colour. 


2. TALINUM Adans.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 157. 


1. T. cuneifolium Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 864 (1799); Oliv. FI. 
Prop: Afr. 1, ps 150. 

Loanpa.—A perennial undershrub, stems many, erect or tortuously 
twisted, many-angled at the base, the younger ones acutely or rather 
alately triquetrous, virgate ; leaves obovate-spathulate, green-shining ; 
flowers handsome, rose-purple. Frequent in bushy stony places at the 
base of rocks, etc., throughout the district, Samba Grande, Cabo-Lombo, 
etc.; fl. and fr. July 1854. Also a succulent perennial suffruticose 
herb, 13 to 2 ft. high ; leaves fleshy, bright green, mucronate ; flowers 
racemose, rose-coloured, rather large for the genus, nearly open in the 
sun; peduncles and pedicels bracteate. In dry little-elevated hilly 
places, near the sea-shore, between the city of Loanda and the mouths 
of the river Cuanza, near Tanza; fl. and fr. end of Feb, 1858. No. 1098. 
Cou. Carp. 240. 


2. T. caffrum Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Drége, Zwei Pflanz. 225 (1843); 
Oliv., Z.c., p. 150. 


Loanpa.—A fleshy, brittle, apparently perennial herb ; rootstock 
thick, producing numerous stems branched from the base ; branches 
quite patent, gradually shorter, as well as the stems turning purple ; 
leaves thick, glaucous-green, entire ; flowers large for the genus, yellow, 
expanded in full daylight ; not uncommon in muddy-sandy and rocky 
maritime situations, near Penedo and Praia da Zamba Grande ; fl. and 
fr. March 1854. Also a fleshy undershrub, twisted or with ascending 
cylindrical branches; leaves thick, elliptical, mucronate, delicately 
wrinkled on both surfaces, glaucescent ; flowers yellow, rather large, 
fugacious ; peduncles all axillary, solitary, gradually thickened from 
the middle upwards, bibracteolate at the middle, at length after fer- 
tilisation of the flower arching-reflexed. In dry situations, near 
Maianga da Povo; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1858. No. 1097. A 
perennial herb, persisting at least for several years ; root thick, ranging 
up to 1 in, in diam., at first vertical, at length closely surrounded with 
quite patent fibres. In rugged situations and in sandy fields at Alto 
das Cruzes ; fl.and fr. middle of Dec. 1858, A form with narrow leaves. 
No. 1097. Alto das Cruzes, fl. and fr. July 1858. No. 1097c. 


Talinum| XVII. PORTULACEE. 55 


IsLAND OF St. THomAs.—A herb in gardens, abundant; fr. Dec. 
1860. Apparently belonging to this species, or perhaps to 7. crassi- 
folium Willd. Cou. Carp, 118. 


The following No., represented by a few poor specimens, perhaps 
belongs to the last species or rather to 7’. crassifoliwm Willd. :— 


Ampriz.—A herb almost suffruticose ; stem with quite patent 
branches ; leaves fleshy, lanceolate, quickly falling off in the course 
of drying. At the maritime rocks near Ambriz in the direction of 
Mossul, not uncommon ; fl. Nov. 1853. Welwitsch had occasion to tra- 
verse this region in rapid flight, under pursuit by the natives. No. 1096. 


XVIII. TAMARISCINEA. 


These plants afford excellent firewood. 


1. TAMARIX L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 160. 
mT? gallieast. Sp: Pi.ced. 1) p.-270 (1753); Oliv. WL Trem 
Aft. i. p; 10K. 
T. senegalensis DC. Prodr. iii. p. 96 (1828). 


CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.—Frequent in sandy maritime places and 
in gravelly places by the stream on Monte Verde of the island of St. 
Vincent near Porto Grande, and near the village of Mindello forming 
little woods, which are called Taraffaes ; fl. and fr. August 1853. Native 
name ‘“ Taraffa,” derived from the Arabic word “ Tarfa.” No. 1087. 


2. T. orientalis Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. p. 206. n. 29 (1775). 
T. articulata Vahl (1791); Oliv., .c.; Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p. 94 (1884). 


MossAMEDEs.—A small tree, 10 to 18 ft. high, rarely higher up to 
25 ft., usually a shrub 4 to 7 ft. high and then branched from the 
base ; stems cespitose, purplish ; leaves glaucescent, sheathing, blade 
more or less blunt or reduced to a subulate apiculus ; flowers whitish 
or rosy; inflorescence of two forms, spicate and occasionally on the 
_ same plant solitary and axillary ; capsules all 3-valved ; very abundant, 

in sandy places by the banks of the rivers Bero and Maiombo, pene- 
trating far into the interior of the continent, usually covered with 
Cassytha, fl. and fr. end of June 1859. Called by the colonists “‘ Cedro.” 
Branches sometimes affected with galls, which cause strobiliform 
excrescences. 15° 8’ S. Lat. No. 1086. 

Bumpo.—A tree, 25 ft. high ; sporadic, in little woods by the gravelly 
banks of streams, near Quitibe de Cima, at an elevation of about 
1800 ft., in fl. without fr. at the beginning of June 1860. No. 10862. 

It was found in the southern part of Portuguese Guinea, at the 
mouth of the river Cunene, by Fernando da Costa Leal, and mentioned 
by the name of ‘ Cedros” in his Travels. It is called “‘N’ cedro” by 
the negroes. 


XIX. HLATINE 4. 
1. BERGIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 163. 


1. B. polyantha Sond. in Linnea xxiii. p. 16 (1850). 


MossaMEDES.—An annual herb, with the appearance of an Anagallis 
or rather of a Polycarpa ; stems subterete, ceespitose, purple, prostrate ; 
branches opposite ; leaves opposite, glaucescent, rather fleshy, very deli- 
cately and distantly denticulate towards the apex ; stipules 2, white, 


56 XIX. ELATINES. | Bergia 


scarious, those of the lower nodes obtuse, those of the upper nodes 
lanceolate, long-acuminate, cleft or laciniate at the apex ; flowers soli- 
tary, axillary, pentamerous, hermaphrodite ; peduncles capillary, + to 
# in. long, spreading ; sepals rather fleshy, green with red edges ; petals 
elliptical, concave, very obtuse, rosy, the early ones imbricate and 
shorter than or equalling the sepals, the older ones rather exceeding the 
sepals, inserted at the bottom of the calyx ; stamens 10, inserted with 
the petals, 5 opposite and 5 alternate to them, all fertile and equal ; 
filaments white, subulate from a broader base, sub-erect; anthers 
articulate-cordate, introrse, 2-celled; cells longitudinally dehiscing, 
whitish-yellow ; pollen white; ovary large, sessile, more or less 
spherical-conical, 5-celled ; cells many-ovuled. In hot moist sandy 
situations at the banks of the river Bero, abundant ; fl. and fr. July 
1859. No. 1053. 

BENGUELLA.—In sandy places, nearly dried up, at the back of the 
oy of Benguella, uncommon and partly destroyed ; in fr. July 1860. 

o. 1056. 


XX. HYPERICINE A. 


Nearly all the plants of this Natural Order in Angola proper 
belong to Psorospermum or to allied genera, and the majority 
of the species form handsome trees of middle size, with glossy 
evergreen foliage; the trunks abound in a kind of resin of a 
blood-red colour, and the bark furnishes the natives with a 
remedy in much repute against marsh and other fevers; the 
negroes of Golungo Alto call these trees ‘ Mutiine,” and those 
of Pungo Andongo give them the name of “ M-Bulambia ” 
(Welw. Apont. p. 560, n. 140). 


1, HYPERICUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 166. 
1, H. Lalandii Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. p. 550 (1824); Oliv. Fl. 
Drop, Air. 1.:p./ 155. 


Huitia.—A herb, 3 to 4 in. high; stems numerous, ascending ; 
flowers yellow ; calyx somewhat glandular. Frequent in low sandy- 
spongy thickets by streams, near Humpata, fl. and fr. May 1860. 
No. 1054. A form with broader leaves, apparently biennial ; flowers 
yellow. Frequent, in damp pastures near streams and the shores of 
lakes, in sandy-clayey shortly grassy spots throughout the district, by 
the stream of Lopollo, fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1054). A viviparous 
form, proliferous soon after the equinoctial rains; in pastures by the 
stream Quipumpunhime, in Sob. Humpata, Oct. 1859. No. 1054. 


2. H. Schimperi Hochst. ex A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 97 (1847); 
Oliv., d.c., p. 156. 


Var. y. Oliv., d.c., p. 157, huillense. A shrub 4 to 6 ft. high; stem 
erect, woody, branched from the base; branches virgate-elongate; leaves 
glaucescent ; flowers yellow, rather large ; calyx-segments ovate-obtuse 
or rounded, often submucronate, ciliate with stalked black glands, 
subcoriaceous, 5 or very rarely only 4; petals isomerous ; styles com- 
bined up to the apex, surmounted by a capitate obscurely 5-lobed 
stigma. Hu1LuA.—Rather rare, in elevated woody bushy places, at an 
elevation much above 5000 ft., in Morro de Lopollo, not yet in full 
flower 23 May 1860. No. 1055. 


Psorospermum | XX. HYPERICINEA. D7 


2. PSOROSPERMUM Spach; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
p. 167. 


1. P. febrifugum Spach in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. ii., vol. v. p. 163 
(1836); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 158. 


CAZENGO.—A small tree, branched almost from the base; trunk 
4 in. in diam. near the base, erect ; branches erect-spreading ; flowers 
white tinged with rose; in rather dry bushy high-grassy places 
(capinaes), near Cacula and by hills near the river Luinha; fi. Dec. 
1854, No. 1057. 

GoLunGco AutTo.—The native name “ Mutine”’ is applied to this 
plant as well as to the one next following species. A tree of 10 ft. 
(or perhaps a young tree) ; branches erect-patent, lax ; flowers whitish- 
rose ; in elevated stony hilly places of Serra de Alta Queta, towards 
the river Luinha, in company with “ Unday” (Gardenia Jovis-tonantis 
Hiern) ; fr. July 1856. No. 1058. A tree, 6 to 10 ft. high; trunk 
2 to 3 in. in diam, ; bark corky, said to be a febrifuge; flower whitish 
to whitish-rose ; in the drier especially in the secondary thickets 
throughout the Sob. de Bumba; fl. Oct. 1855. No. 1059. A tree, 
springing up after the burnings (Queimadas) ; flowering shoots emerg- 
ing from the trunk ; on the drier slopes of Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo, 
near the base of Mount Cungulungulo; fl. Sept. 1855. No. 10590. 
A tree of 6 to 10 ft., occasionally of 12 to 15 ft., with a crown more 
or less pyramidal; on the drier wooded slopes of the mountains of 
Capopa, near Sange; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 1060. A tree of 8 to 10 ft. 
(perhaps a secondary shoot of a larger burnt tree); in secondary 
thickets of the more elevated hills of Sobato Bumba; in young fr. 
Dec. 1855 ; Menha lula, in young fr. May 1855. No. 1060). A tree 
of 10 to 15 ft., or in secondary thickets usually destroyed by fire and 
then forming a shrub; leaves softly but thickly coriaceous, green 
above ; flowers whitish-reddish ; frequent in thickets by the borders 
of primitive woods of Sobato de Bumba and near Bango-Aquitamba ; 
fl. Dec. 1855. No. 1061). Native name “ Cabrei” ; used as a remedy 
against the itch (Sarna). 

Punco AnpdoNGO.—An arborescent shrub, with the branchlets com- 
pressed at the nodes and with white flowers. Bark used by the natives 
as a febrifuge and in cases of leprosy. In secondary thickets of the 
fortress, near Cazella ; in fl. and young fr. Dec. 1856. Native name 
“M’-Bulambia.’’ Welw. Apont. p. 560. No. 1064. 


Var. albida Oliv., l.c., p. 159. P. albidum Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. 
p. 83 (1893). 

HviILia.—A cespitose shrub of 1 ft., sometimes a small tree of 8 to 
12 ft., widely branched ; flowers white or whitish-rose ; not uncommon 
in stony thickets and at the borders of woods throughout the plateau 
of Huilla, near Nene, Lopollo and Humpata; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. 
No. 1065. <A shrub of 1 to 5 ft. (sometimes prostrate and only 6 in. 
high), loosely branched, erect ; upper surface of the small Vaccinzwm- 
like leaves with deeply impressed venation; flowers white or rose- 
white ; in shortly bushy pastures between Nene and Mumpulla; fl. 
Oct. 1859. No. 1066. 

The characters given by Engler, /.c., to define his species, fail to 
correspond with all Welwitsch’s specimens cited above; moreover 
Welw. No. 1064, quoted by Engler for it, does not belong to Oliver’s 
variety albida. 


58 XX. HYPERICINES. | Harungana 


3. HARUNGANA Lam, Tabl. t. 645 (1797); Benth. & Hook. 
f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 167 (Haronga). 


1. H. paniculata Pers. Syn. i. 91 (1807) (Arungana) ; Haronga 
madagascariensis Choisy ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 160. 
Psorospermum (sp.) Welw. Synopse, p. 13, n. 27 (1862). 


SrerRRA LEONE.—A small tree of 8 ft. (probably a young tree), 
decussately branched, leaves coriaceous, glossy, flowers white, fruit 
brick-red, size of a pepper-corn ; in the higher woods of Sugarloaf 
Mountain, near Freetown, fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5398 ; fr., No. 5397. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—A handsome tree, 20 to 80 ft. high (or in the 
secondary woods and thickets a shrub scarcely flowering), with the 
habit of Zaurus; trunk straight, 1 to 2 ft. in diam. ; wood compact, 
durable, abounding in a fine orange-red resin which stains paper with 
an orange colour ; leaves evergreen, moderately coriaceous, above bright 
green glabrous minutely not pellucidly punctate, beneath covered with 
a very short appressed quasi-furfuraceous pale-cinnamon tomentum, 
the leaves of young plants often a foot long; flowers white or white- 
reddish, aromatic, rather small, pentamerous ; drupes globose, scarcely 
half the size of pepper-corns, or when fully swollen and ripe scarcely 
the size of black pepper-corns, glossy-brown-yellowish, nearly dry ; 
pyrenes 5, moderately crustaceous, 1- or more seeded ; seeds ascending, 
obcuneate-cylindrical, somewhat compressed, brown, shining, minutely 
scrobiculate, one in each drupe almost always larger and better de- 
veloped than the rest. Abundant in mountainous primitive woods of 
Serra de Alta Queta and of Mount Cungulungulo, fl. Jan. to March ; 
Montalagre, 3 Feb. 1855; Alta Queta, 28 Feb. 1856. Native name 
“Mutune” or “ Mutule’’; the wood is called ‘Pao Muttine” or 
‘“ Mutile.” See Welw., /.c,and Apont. p. 560 under No. 140. No. 1068. 
In fruit, No. 5399. 

A specimen from the Island of St. Thomas, where it is called 
“Sangue” or ‘ Pao Sangue,” probably belongs to this species; the 
leaves are, however, of the same pale tawny colour on both surfaces, 
and there are no flowers nor fruits; Dec. 1860. No. 5400. See 
Henriques in Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 101. 


4, CAOPIA Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 448 (1763). 
Vismia Vand. (1788); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 166. 


1. C. affinis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 58 (1891). 
Vismia affinis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 161. 


GoLtuNnGo ALtTo.—A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, very frondose ; 
leaves thinly coriaceous (chartaceous and marked with small round 
glands in the dry state), very caducous; flowers red outside, petals 
turning white. Rather rare, in the less dense woods of Sobato de 


Bumba and Bango, very sporadic ; in the ascent to Capopa, in young 
fl. Dec. 1855. No. 10610. . 


2. C. frondosa O. Kuntze, /.c. 
Vismia frondosa Oliv., l.c. 


GoLuNnGco ALTO.—A small tree, widely frondose ; branches spreading ; 
leaves thinly coriaceous, glossy, marked with small round dark glands ; 
flowers white. Sparingly, in wooded declivities near the ascent to the 
spring of Capopa, in fl. and young fr. Jan. 1856. No. 1062. 


Symphonia | XXI. GUITIFERS, 59 


XXI. GUTTIFERA. 


These are stately evergreen trees, although few species reach a 
great height. Symphonia globulifera L. f. is one of the most beau- 
tiful trees of Upper Angola, on account of its deep-red flowers and 
shining leaves. The Guttiferee appear very seldom to bear fruit ; 
the only species which Welwitsch found with fruit is Garcinia 
angolensis Vesque. They have firm fine-grained wood, white and 
sometimes of a rose-red hue, and very durable, especially that of 
the latter species. 

Welwitsch states that he saw a species of Calophyllum culti- 
vated around Sierra Leone, at Freetown, but that it was not in 
flower, and the specimens of the leaves which he collected became: 
rotten during his illness at sea. 


1. SYMPHONIA L. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 173. 

1. 8. globulifera L. f. Suppl. Sp. Pl. p. 302 (1781); Oliv. Fl. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 163; Vesque in DC. Mon. Phan. viii. p. 227 (1893) ; 
var. africana Vesque, l.c., p. 230 (1893). 

Actinostigma speciosum Welw. Apont. p. 560, under n. 139. 
Actinostigma (sp.), Welw. Synopse p. 9, n. 12. 

A tree with the habit of a laurel, copiously flowering, 15 to 35 ft. 
high, with trunk 1 to 1% ft. diam. near the base, exuding a yellow 
sap like drops of gum, patently branched ; leaves coriaceous in the 
dry state, penninerved, not punctate, of an opaque dark-green colour 
and moderately glossy above, pale-green beneath; calyx ebracteolate, 
persistent, comprising 5 very obtuse imbricate segments; petals 5, 
inserted at the external base of the hypogynous disk, alternating 
with the calyx-segments, sinistrorsely or dextrorsely convolute in a 
globose form, loosely cohering even at the time of flowering, scarlet ; 
disk elevated, cyathiform, thick, yellow, undivided ; stamens com- 
bined in a scarlet tube at first cylindrical and soon ventricose at 
the base, inserted at the internal base of the disk; tube 5-lobed; 
lobes broad-linear, flat at the base, triquetrous at the apex, inclined 
on the sinuses of the stigma, each outside below the apex bearing 
3 anthers; anthers linear, parallel, adnate, extrorse, 2-celled, bi- 
arsitate at the apex, scarlet ; ovary included in the staminal tube, 
free, 5-celled ; cells pluri-ovulate ; style very short, thick, topped by 
a 5-radiate stigma, rays yellow, after the time of flowering stellate, 
patent, their sinuses occupied by the triquetrous segments of the 
staminal tube which are bent inwards towards the centre of the 
stigma. Fruit not seen though subsequently looked for. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—In warm spots of deep valleys in the primitive 
woods of Alta Queta, above N-delle (Undelle), fl. middle of April 
1856. Native name “ Mungundo.” Sporadic. No. 1052. 


2. PENTADESMA Sabine; Benth. & Hook. f, Gen. Pl. i. p. 174. 
1. P. butyracea Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. p. 457 
(1824); Oliv., Z.c., p. 164; Vesque, dc, p. 247. 


St. THomas’ IsLanD.—Local name “ Pdéo Ova,” or “ Oba.” Probably 
collected in Dec. 1860. No. 6754. Determination doubtful. 


60 XXI. GUTTIFERZA. [Garcinia 


3. GARCINIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 174. 


1. G. angolensis Vesque in DC. Mon. Phan. viii. p. 335. 

Welwitsch states in his notes that this species furnishes good 
white and firm wood suitable for domestic utensils and agricultural] 
implements, as well as for carving purposes; it is called “ Unday 
falso.” The following specimens appear to belong to it :— 

AmBriz,—A small tree, 20 to 25 ft, high, much branched ; branches 
branchlets and the shining coriaceous leaves all ternate. Flowers 
white, polypetalous. In the more elevated hilly thickets near Ambriz, 
with few flowers, middle of Nov. 1853. No. 5402. 

LiBponco.—A small tree, 9 to 12 ft. high ; branches elongate, ternate ; 
flowers white. In the more elevated woods by the banks of the river 
Lifune ; occasional, by no means common, ¢ fl. end of Sept. 1858. 
No. 1047. 

Bumpo.—A tree, 30 to 50 ft. high, with a corymbosely dilated crown. 
Sporadic in small woods comprising Combretacex, Copaifera Mopane 
Kirk, and Tamari« orientalis Forsk., near Quitive de Cima, in young 
fruit Oct. 1859 (with ripe fruit June 1860). No. 1048. 


2. G. polyantha Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 166 ; Vesque, l.c., p. 332. 

GoLtunco Atro.—A small tree, 8 ft. high ; branches elongate, patent, 
exhibiting a climbing tendency ; leaves opposite, coriaceous, compact, 
glossy, pinnately veined. Sporadic in the primitive woods of Mangue, 
near Sange, at the base of the mountains of Serra de Alta Queta, 
_ without either flower or fruit, April 1885. No. 1046. 

There remains some doubt as to this determination ; according to 
Welwitsch, Dr. Triana stated that the plant belonged to Kheedca 
Pervillei Planch. & Tr. (G? Pervillei Vesque, l.c., p. 485). 

3. G. punctata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 167; Vesque in DC. 
Mon. Phan. viii. p. 380 (1893). 

Cf. Dactylanthera, gen. nov. Clusiacearum, Welw. Apont. p. 560, 
under n. 139, without description. 

A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, exuding a yellow sap; branches patent, 
slender, some nodding; branchlets opposite; leaves evergreen, 
decussate, rather coriaceous, rather glossy, pellucid-striate, darkish 
green above, rather paler beneath; ¢ flowers yellow, densely 
clustered in the axils of the leaves; calyx 4-parted, ebracteolate ; 
segments concave, decussating, imbricate, the outer ones herba- 
ceous on both sides and smaller, the inner ones herbaceous outside 
and coloured inside; petals 4, inserted on the fleshy torus, 
alternating with the sepals, free, imbricate in bud, very patent in 
full flower, milky, soon orange-red, fleshy, rather concave, fragile, 
obovate-oblong or spathulate, obtuse; stamens 4 (in 4 phalanges), 
inserted with and opposite to the petals; filaments ascending, 
thick, rigid, fleshy, flattened, at the apex uniformly dilated in a 
fan-like manner ; anthers 5, seated on the reniform convex apex 
of each filament, therefore 20 altogether, adnate, 2-celled, longi- 
tudinally dehiscent ; stigma sessile, broadly hemispherical, orange- 
coloured, oily-viscid. 

Gotunco Atro.—In dense very shady elevated woods of the 
mountains of Serra de Alta Queta, above Cahunha, in male flower 
beginning of Nov. 1855. No. 1050. 


Garcinia] XXI. GUTTIFERZ. 61 


4, G. huillensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 167; Vesque 
in DC. Mon. Phan. viii. p. 353 (1893). 


HoviLia.—A small glabrous dicecious tree, 7 to 10 ft. high, exuding 
from all parts a yellow resinous milk, oppositely branched, with a 
divaricately dilated crown ; leaves opposite, coriaceous, rather glossy, 
with elevated veins on both surfaces, 2 to 3 by 3 to 12 in. ; petiole 
very short, clothed at the back with a bright red (glandular ?) 
membrane, articulated with the branch ; female flowers terminal and 
in the upper axils, subsessile, 1 to 4 together, herbaceous-green ; calyx 
sessile amidst decussating bracts ; uppermost bracts truncate, forming 
a minutely lobed or repand toriform epicalyx ; sepals 4 in 2 decussating 
pairs, concave, rounded, imbricate ; petals 4, rather larger than the 
sepals, sinistrorsely convolute (as seen from above), concave, rounded ; 
rudiments of stamens 0 or few, minute, hypogynous ; ovary superior, 
shortly ovoid, fleshy, vaguely and very obtusely 4-sided, 4-celled ; cells 
l-ovuled ; style very short, thick, 4-furrowed ; stigma peltate-hemi- 
spherical, much dilated, waxy, very viscid, with a small central depression 
above, shallowly 4-lobed. Sporadic, in the elevated woods of Morro 
de Lopollo, at an elevation of 5500 ft., 2 fl. 17 May 1860. No. 1051. 


5. Garcinia? (sp.). 

A glabrous scandent shrub, hard and rigid in all its parts, 
elegant, 5 to 8 ft. high; sap watery; branches terete; branchlets 
erect-patent, cylindrical, at the insertion of the leaves plano- 
compressed ; leaves oval-oblong, abruptly and obtusely acumi- 
nate, rather wedge-shaped at the base, undulate-entire, thickly . 
coriaceous, pellucid-punctate with small round dots, deep green 
above, pale green beneath, glossy on ‘both surfaces, evergreen, 
6 to 7 by 27 to 3 in.; petiole + to 3 in. long; buds of the flowers 
solitary in the axils of the leaves, subsessile, rose-coloured, caducous 
before fully open being destroyed by insects, thick, globular. 


Gotuneco ALTo.—Sporadic in dense primitive woods of Mata de 
Mangue and Prato de Mangue, at the base of the mountains of Serra 
de Alta Queia, in flower-bud in April, Nov. and Dec. 1855, and without 
fl.in March. No. 1049. 

Apparently dicecious, with the female flowers solitary, and the male 
flowers a few together ; there are not good buds extant on the speci- 
mens separated for the British Museum. It should be compared with 
the Bitter Cola (G. sp.), Journ. Bot. 1875, p. 65, t. 160 (G. floribunda 
Vesque, l.c., p. 488). 


XXII. DIPTEROCARPE. 
1. MONOTES Alph. DC. Prodr. xvi. 11. p. 623 (1868). 
1. M. africanus Alph. DC., /.c., p. 624. 
Vatica africana Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 173; Welw. 
Sert. Angol. p. 15, t. 5. 
Var. a. denudans; V. africana, var. laxa Oliv., l.c.; V. africana, 
a. denudans Welw., l.c., p. 16, t. 5, fig, 1. 


Hvuiityta.—Trunk 1} to2 in. diam. Frequent in sandy bushy occa- 
sionally stony places, near the base of the Morro de Lopollo, fl. from 
Dec. 1859 to Jan. 1860, fr. April and May 1860. No. 1035. 


62 XXII. DIPTEROCARPES. | Monotes 


Var. 8. hypoleucus ; V. africana, var. hypoleuca Oliv., l.c.; Welw., 
l.c., p. 17, t. 5, fig. 12; V. hypoleuca, Welw.71.c. p.1f. 

HviLia.—Sparingly in the stony shorter woods between Mumpulla 
and Nene, in flower-bud Oct. 1859, in full flower Dec. 1859. No. 1036. 

The following is intermediate between a and B :— 

A small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high ; trunk erect ; crown divaricate, lax ; 
flowers yellowish. 

Hvuiiia.—Sparingly in the higher wooded thickets of Proteaceze 
between Lopollo and Monino, in flower-bud Noy. 1859, fl. Dec. 1859, 
in young fruit Jan. 1860. No. 1077. 


The following belongs to this species :— 


Hvi1Luia.—A small tree, with simple leaves and the calyx-segments 
after flowering expanded into red rather rigid wings. Cou. Carp. 242. 


XXL MALVACEA. 


The Malvaceze of Angola form one of the principal constituents 
of the herbaceous and shrubby vegetation of the country, and are 
fairly abundant in all regions from the coast up to 6000 ft. (in 
the highest regions and plateaux), but are most abundant between 
1500 and 4000 ft. They contribute both by the beauty and 
variety of their leaves—and even more by the size and bright 
colouration of their striking large blossoms—very greatly to the 
adorning of the meadows and plains, the jungles, and the margins 
of the woods and cultivated places, and relieve the somewhat mono- 
tonous colour of the vegetation. The species decrease in number 
from Mossamedes and the high plateau of Huilla southwards. 

Malvacee manage to subsist on many kinds of soil; one and 
the same species is often seen to occur sometimes in dry hot sandy 
drifts, or in stony situations divested of other vegetation, and at 
other times in fertile situations on the margins of primitive 
forests or in inhabited districts on land previously cultivated; the 
difference is that in poor ground the flowers are larger and more 
brilliant, while in rich ground there is more luxuriant develop- 
ment of stalks and foliage. The varying circumstances of soil 
and position exercise an important influence on the indumentum 
and render very difficult the discrimination of species and varieties, 
especially in the case of the genera Sida, Abutilon, etc. 

The shape and size of the glands, which occur on the nerves of 
the leaves and calyx in several species of Urena, Hibiscus, Gos- 
sypium, ete., are very interesting, but they are too indefinite and 
variable on the same plants to afford characters for the diagnosis 
of species. In order to avoid errors, it must be remembered that 
many species with yellow flowers turn their corollas red in drying, 
and also that several species, especially of Sida, Abutilon, and 
Hibiscus, at the time of flowering, lose the long-stalked principal 
leaves of the main stem and retain only the very different younger 
leaves of the axillary shoots. 

The native medical men employ several species as emollients in 
baths and gargles in the same way as they are used in Europe. 


Malva| XXIII. MALVACES. 63 


Other species, however, are beset with hairs containing an ex- 
tremely irritating juice, which affect the skin in the same way 
as nettles, and even more so than the stinging species of Mucuna. 
Welwitsch observed that the stinging species of African Malvacex 
have always lobed leaves. The leaves of one or two species of 
Hibiscus afford an agreeable acidulous drink when boiled with 
salt, and produce a beneficial effect on the digestive organs of 
convalescents. A decoction made from the half-ripe fruits of 
H. esculentus is much appreciated even by the wealthy classes in 
Angola. The smoke of Gossypiwm (“ Muginha” or “ Muchinha”), 
when burnt over an open fire, is used as a remedy for headache. 

A decoction of the roots of some small species of Sida is em- 
ployed in cases of diarrhea, usually mixed with Mubango (Croton 
Mubango Muell. Arg.). 


1. MALVA, L.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 201. 


1. M. sylvestris L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 689 (1753); forma 
depauperata. 


Loanpa.—A prostrate herb, with ascending branches and bluish- 
violet flowers pretty large for the style of plant ; in sandy spots near 
Cacuaco, but not at all abundant, and perhaps introduced ; fl. April 
1854. No. 4904. : 


2. M. parviflora L. Diss. Dem. Pl. Nov. nota f. in Ameen. 
Acad. iii. p. 416 (1756); Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 177. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—An annual or biennial herb, erect or ascending, 
branched from the base, 2 to 3 ft. high, somewhat hispid all over with 
stellate hairs ; epicalyx 3-leaved ; calyx 5-cleft; petals 5, narrowly 
obcordate, pale-violet, adnate by their short claws to the staminal 
tube, fugacious, scarcely longer or even shorter than the calyx ; fruit 
depressed ; carpels numerous, separating from the dilated central axis ; 
abundant in waste previously cultivated spots and among crops of 
Indian corn and Phaseolus, within the fortress of Pungo Andongo; fl. 
and young fr. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 4903. 

HvILua. — Flowers pale violet-purple; in grassy places at the 
borders of the forest near Lopollo; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 4940, 


2. SIDA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 203. 


1. S. spinosa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 683 (1753) ; Masters in Oliv. 
PE, frop, Afr: 1. p. 180. 

LoanpA.—FI. and fr. No. 4952a. <A small erect very tough shrub, 
13 to 3ft. high, with yellowish and also with whitish flowers ; abundant 
in rather dry stations covered with short brushwood, between the city 
of Loanda and Quicuxe; fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 4959. 

Punco AnDoNGO.—A small shrub of 2 to 3 ft. ; in open spaces and 
pastures about the city of Pungo Andongo, abundant; fl. and fr. 
Dec. 1856. No. 4961. 


2. S. acuta Burm. f, Fl. Ind. p. 147 (1768). 
S. carpinifolia L. f. Suppl. Pl. p. 307 (1781) ; Masters, /.c., part. 


SrbrRA LEONE.—No. 4968. 
Gotunco ALTO.—Roadway near Menha-Lula; fl. and fr. May 1855. 


64 XXIII, MALVACE. [Sida 


No. 4953, A low shrub, with very patent branches and white Cistus- 
like flowers, with fugitive petals; in poor hot pastures, Sobato de 
Bumba ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1855. No. 4962. 

Bumeo.—Serra da Xella ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4949, 


3. S. rhombifolia L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 684; Masters, J.c., p. 181. 


PrINCE’s IsLanpD.—Fl. and young fr. Sept. 1853. No. 4996 and 
(probably) No. 4957. 

Ampriz.—In forests of Acacia, from Ambriz towards Mubango ; 
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 4954. 

Loanpa.—A little shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, mostly branched from the 
twisted base ; rootstock thick, linear-conical, very long and tough, 
white, with a few lateral fibres ; corolla orange-yellow, nearly #5 in. 
diam. ; petals contiguous to a considerable height, obcordate-cuneate ; 
capsule depressed, umbonate at the apex, marked with 10 gibbosities 
and afterwards 10-sulcate, covered by the calyx and much exceeded 
by the sepals ; abundant both in dry hilly and in low moist stations, 
and accordingly very variable in size and other characters ; at Imbon- 
deiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1858. No. 4951. Also 
fl. and fr., Nos. 49520, 4958. Also a little shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with 
numerous stems from a woody rootstock, and virgately branched ; 
flowers orange-yellow ; abundant in thickets between the city of 
Loanda and Camana, especially about Maianga do Povo; fl. and fr. 
May 1858. No. 4960. 

IcoLo E BeNGo.—Near Foto, in argillaceous soils; fl.andfr. No. 4955. 

GoLunco ALTo.—FI. and fr. Nos. 4924, 4956. 

MossaMEepDEs.—In thickets at the banks of the river Bero, abundant, 
fl. July 1859. No. 4946. 

HuvuiLtLta.—An annual herb of 10 in., with the habit almost of a 
Bytineria, with pale-yellow flowers; in thickets near Humpata, 
sporadic, fl. April 1860. No. 4947. 


4. S, cordifolia L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1,p.684(1753); Masters, lc., p.181. 


AmpriIz.—In the forest round about Quibanza ; fl. and immature fr. 
No. 4972. 

Loanpa.—A lovely little shrub or rather a woody undershrub, 
23 to 4 ft. high, much branched from the base; flowers white or 
whitish, soon turning yellowish, } to 2 in. diam. when expanded ; in 
thinly bushy places between Bemposta and Camana, fl. and immature 
fr. May 1859. No. 4970. 

GoLunco ALto.—Petals broadly obcordate, of a vinous-orange 
colour, striate within to the base with red-purple lines; in the low 
thickets in the drier declivities near Sange, end of Oct. 1855 ; cultivated 
as an ornamental plant, though scarcely deserving of such treatment. 
No. 4974 and Coiu. Carp. 244. A herb, usually somewhat shrubby, 
with ashy-green leaves and with flowers white when fresh but quickly 
turning yellowish when dried ; in bushy localities by roads and such- 
like places, near Sange, abundant ; fl. beginning of Dec. 1855. No. 4975. 
An undershrub or occasionally a little shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, with the 
upper branches patent; flowers golden-yellow or paler ; abundant by 
roadsides and about the villages of the natives, at Menha-Lula ; fl. and 
fr. May 1856. No. 4973. Fl. and fr., No. 4971. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—No. 4976. 

Hvuitia.—A little shrub, 3 ft. high, with yellow flowers ; in the 
wild shrubby stations of Monino; April 1860. No, 4948. 

Care DE VERDE IsLanps.—St. Iago ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 4977. 


Sida | XXIII. MALVACE. 65 


5. S. veronicefolia Lam. Encyel. Méth. i. p. 5, n. 11 (1783). 
S. humilis Cav.; Masters, l.c., p. 179. 


Go.unco ALTO.—In palm plantations on the left bank of the river 
Cuango, near Sange, in exposed and also in somewhat shaded spots ; 
fl. and fr. middle of July 1855. No. 4902. 


6. S. urens L. Syst., ed. 10, p. 1145 (1759); Masters, Z.c., p. 179. 

AmBaca.—In grassy thickets at the bottom of the hill, near Caringa, 
fr. June 1855. No. 4966. 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—Very scarce in wooded places along the banks of 
the stream Delamboa, Sobado de Bumba, fl. March 1855. No. 4993. 
Rather rare in cultivated plots of Indian corn, on the left bank of the 
river Cuango, fl. and fr. beginning of July 1855. No. 4991. In palm 
groves on the left bank of the river Cuango, in the drier spots, fl. and 
fr. July 1855. No. 4992. In hay-fields near Sange, in young fr. 
Nov. 1855, No. 4965. 

Bumsbo.—Flowers of an Isabella-yellow colour ; in wooded places at 
the base of the Serra da Xella, Bruco; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4950. 


3. WISSADULA Medicus; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 204. 


1. W. rostrata Hook. f. & Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. p. 229 
(1849); Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 182. 

Sida (sp.) Welw. Synopse p. 56 (1862); Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p.96 (1884). 

GoLunGco ALTO.—An undershrub or herb, 3 to 5 ft. high, with 
orange-coloured flowers ; in bushy places at the borders of the forest 
near Ponta de Luiz Simoés and Camilungo ; fl. and fr. beginning of 
July 1855. No. 4908. In places covered with tall bushes, near Undelle ; 
fl. and fr. No. 4909. An annual herb, usually somewhat shrubby, 
3 to 5 ft. high, erect, with patent branches, and deep yellow almost 
orange-coloured flowers ; abundant in bushy places at the borders of 
forests throughout the district; with flowers and both mature and 
immature fruits at the end of July 1856. No. 4910. Between Trom- 
beta and Cabondo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 4911. 

This, which is known in Angola by the name of ‘‘ Cahémbia-hémbia,”’ 
grows abundantly throughout the interior of the country, and is com- 
monly employed instead of the Mallow as a soothing decoction or bath. 
As this plant and various species of Sida, Walache, etc., much resemble 
one another, there is need for discrimination, since several of the latter 
possess pilose hairs which are set free in the process of infusion, and, 
when used internally, occasion some temporary irritation in the throat. 
(Welw. Synopse p. 56, n. 148.) Compare A butilon hirsutissimum 
Moench, and A. zanzibaricum Bojer. 


4, ABUTILON Gaertn. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 204. 


1. A. intermedium Hochst. ex Garcke in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. 
AKthiop. p. 49 (1867). 
A. angulatum Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 183. 


AMBRIZ.—Quisembo, fl. and fr. No. 4980. (The specimen under 
this number in the Kew herbarium appears to belong to a different 
species. ) 

Lisoneco.—A shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high, almost making a small tree, but 
wholly herbaceous, including a stem of 1 in. in diameter, branched 
in a pyramidal form ; branches patent; leaves glaucous-velvety, very 
soft, not coriaceous ; flowers orange-yellow ; abundant in moist bushy 


_ 


v 


66 XXIII. MALVACEA, [A butilon 


stations along the left bank of the river Lifune, near Barra de Libongo ; 
fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 4978, 

Icoto E BeEnco.—In argillaceous soils, near Foto; fil. and fr. 
No. 4979. 

Loanpa.—Anundershrub, with glaucous-tomentosetiliaceous foliage, 
and orange-coloured flowers; in dry bushy stations near the city of 
Loanda ; Oct. 1853. Cou. Carp. 243. 


2, A. hirsutissimum Moench, Suppl. Meth. Pl. p. 205 (1802). 
A. asiaticum Sweet; Masters, l.c., p. 184. 


GoLuNGo AuLTo.—Represas do Mel. Pereira, Feb. A somewhat 
shrubby herb, 3 to 5 ft. high, erect, patently branched; flowers 
orange-yellow ; the leaves are collected for a mallow-decoction ; 
abundant in bushy places and about dwellings ; Camutamba, fl. and 
fr. Sept. 1857. No. 4984. An undershrub of 4 to 6 ft. in height, 
called Mallow by the Portuguese colonists, and employed for emollient 
decoctions ; abundant throughout the district by bushy places; July 
1858. Cou. Carp. 246. 

Compare Welw. Synopse, p. 56, n. 148. 


3. A. glaucum Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 1, part i. p. 54 (1826); 
Masters, U.c., p. 185. 


CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.—Near rocks in the Island of St. Vincent, 
without fl. or fr. Sept. 1853. No. 4963. Apparently this species. 


4, A. zanzibaricum Bojer ex Masters, /.c., p. 186; vel affine. 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A herb, 4 to 6 ft. high, at length usually becoming 
woody at the base, with golden-coloured fugacious rather large flowers; 
fl. and fr. May 1855, from Calolo to Camilungo. It flowers there nearly 
throughout the year. The natives call it ‘ Capianeca,” and the colonists 
call it Mallow, and employ its leaves in a decoction as an emollient 
bath. Compare Welw. Synopse, p. 56, n. 148. No. 4983. FI. and fr. 
No. 4920. 


5. A. ramosum Guill. & Perr. Fl, Senegamb. Tent. p. 68 (1830— 
1831); Masters, U.c., p. 186. 


GOLUNGO ALTO. Sth undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with yellow Aone 
by thickets in Sobato de Mussengue, rather rare; fl. and fr. May 1855. 
No. 4985. <A diffusely branched herb of 2 to 3h ft.; flowers yellow, 
almost of the colour of yolk of egg, small, fugacious ; petals broadly 
obovate, repand-denticulate towards the apex; in rather dry bushy 
stations ‘by the road towards Quibixe, Sobato de Bumba, not abundant ; 
fl. and ripe fr. beginning of June 1856. No. 4986. Somewhat shrubby, 
3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves soft, employed for decoctions after the manner 
of mallow ; flowers yellow : only a few specimens seen ; June 1856. 
Cou. Carp. 245. 

Compare Welw. Synopse, p. 56, n. 148. 


6. A. elongatum Moench, Suppl. Meth. Pl. p. 205 (1802). 
A. indicum Sweet; Masters, l.c., p. 186; vel affine. 


GOLUNGO ALTO. Co here seated in bushy places, especially 
about native villages ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1855. Specimens 
met with in winter—that i is, in July and YEN? No. 4969. Also in 
fruit. No. 4982. 


Var. Welwitschii (4. indicum Sweet, var. Welwitschii E. G. Baker 
in Journ. Bot. 1893, p. 213). 


Abutilon| XXIIl. MALVACE. 67 


MossAMEDES.—An undershrub, woody at base, 4 to 5 ft. high, with 
deep orange-coloured flowers ; Cavalheiros, fl. Aug. 1859. No. 4944. 


The following No. is doubtfully placed under this species :— 


MossAMEDES.—A somewhat shrubby herb, 3 to 33 ft. high, branched 
from the base, with soft rather flaccid glaucous-tomentellous foliage 
and white flowers ; in thickets near the river Bero, sparingly ; fl. July 


1859. No. 4945. 


7. A. fruticosum Guill. & Perr., Fl. Senegamb. Tent. p. 73 
(1830—1831); Masters, Z.c., p. 187. 


Loanpa.—A little erect shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, much branched, with 
white tomentose leaves and deep-yellow flowers; in moist stations 
covered with low brushwood near Bemposta, sparingly; fl. and fr. 
July 1858. No. 4967. Also fl. and fr., No. 4981. 


5. URENA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 205. 


1. U. lobata, L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 692 (1753); Masters in Oliv. 
i Crop. Afr. © p..189. 

Var. reticulata Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 376 (1893). 

SrerRRA LEONE.—No. 4913. 

PRINCE’s ISLAND.—Fr. Sept. 1853. No. 4914. 

AmBrRIZ.—An undershrub 2 to 4 ft. high, woody at base, sparingly 
and patently branched ; flowers rose-purplish ; the inner bark is 
everywhere used for the manufacture of ropes; in hilly and bushy 
stations near Mubango in the Ambriz territory ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853 ; 
native name “ Quibosa c’ofele.” No. 4917. 

GoLuNnGo ALTo.—In exposed places, among beds of Jinperata arundi- 
nacea Cyr. (‘‘Senu’’), near Sange, in fruit, Dec. 1854. No.4915, An 
undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. or higher ; the stems afford sufficiently tough 
fibres for the manufacture of ropes; abundant in the lower thickets, 
especially on the drier hills, near Sange and at Ponte de Luiz Simoés ; 
fl. and fr. July 1855 ; native name “ Caquibosa,” ‘‘ Cajbosa,” or perhaps 
better, ‘‘Ca-Nbosa.” No. 4918. In cultivated places an undershrub, 
and in aboriginal thickets a shrub of 3 to 4 ft., branched in a divaricate 
manner ; the inner bark is very tough, and used for the manufacture 
of ropes ; foliage varying in shape and indumentum according to the 
station and age of the plant ; flowers violet-purple, very quickly wither- 
ing ; abundant, by wooded thickets and about native villages, almost 
everywhere; fl. and fr. almost throughout the year; Sange, 7 May 
1856 ; native name “Caquibosa.” No. 4912. Fr. end of Sept. 1856. 
Cott. Carp. 2. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, the branches furnish good 
fibre for the manufacture of string ; Sobado de Bumbo, Sept. 1856. 
Cou. Carp. 9b. An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; fibre of the branches 
very tough ; seeds forwarded to Welwitsch in 1859. CoLu. Carp. 247. 

Pouncgo ANponGo.—An undershrub, 4 ft. high, with numerous 
branches ; in secondary thickets, near Quitage, not abundant; fl. and 
fr. March 1857. No. 4916. 


6. MALACHE B.C. Vogel in Trew, Pl. Sel. Ehret, Dec. viii. 
p. 50, t. 90 (1772). Pavonia Cav. (1786); Benth. & Hook. f. 
Gen. Pl. 1; p. 205; 

1. M. macrophylla O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 70 (1891). 

Pavonia macrophylla EK. Mey.; Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.i. p. 190. 

Punco ANDONGO.—FI. and fr. No. 4987. 


68 XXIII. MALVACE. [Wi alache 


Hviiia.—In the grassy parts of Monino, scattered among shrubs 
and trees ; fl. wine-yellow, also in fr. Dec. 1859. No. 4926. Near Eme, 
at the skirts of the forest composed of ‘“ Panda” (Berlinia paniculata 
Benth., Brachystegia spiceformis Benth., etc.) ; fl. wine-yellow, also in 
fr. beginning of Jan. 1860. No. 4925. 


2. M. hirsuta O. Kuntze, /.c. 
Pavonia hirsuta Guill. & Perr. ; Masters, /.c., p. 191. 
MossamepEs.— A herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; flowers (13 in. long) of a 


straw-yellow colour, inside purple at the base; calyx § in. long; in 
thickets alongside the banks of the river Bero; fl. and fr. July 1859. 


No. 4935. 


3. M. Schimperiana O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 71. 
Pavonia Schinweriana Hochst.; Masters, lc., p. 192. 


Var. obtusiloba. Leaves clothed with short hairs on both surfaces 
and on the lower paler surface also with longer hairs ; lobes broad, 
mostly obtuse. 

GoL_unco ALTo.—An undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, or rarely higher, 
branched throughout from the base to the apex ; leaves broad, 5-lobed, 
pellucid-punctate, the older ones pendulous; flowers white, rather 
large, quickly withering ; calyx rather deeply 5-dentate than 5-cleft, 
campanulate, teeth triangular, valvate in eestivation ; carpels 5, obovoid- 
trigonous, with 3 long awns at the apex, awns barbed with reflexed 
prickles ; not abundant, at the shaded margins of streams in wooded 
places, by the road to Mussengue-Quiapoze ; fl. and fr. end of June 1855. 
No. 4906. An undershrub, woody at base, 3 to 4 ft. high, branched, 
with white flowers; in the rather moist wooded parts of Mata de 
Quisuculo, sporadic, fl. April 1856. No. 4907. An undershrub, with 
the habit of Urena, 3 to 4 ft. high, branched, with large lobed leaves 
shaped like those of Hibiscus, and rather large white flowers ; at the 
margin of Quiapoze, by the road to Mussengue, June 1856. COoLu. 
Carp. 248. 

MossAMEDges.—A much-branched herb, 4 ft. high; amidst shrubs 
near the river Maiombo ; fr. June 1860. No. 4941. 


7. KOSTELETSKYA Presl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 206. 
1. K. Biittneri Giirke in Verh. Bot. Brand. xxxi. p. 92 (1889). 


PuNGo ANDONGO.—By the river Cuanza at Sansamanda; fl. and fr. 
Feb. 1857. No. 4900. Mr. E.G. Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxx. 
p. 74 (1894), considered this as probably a stouter form of his K. flava 
there described. 


8. HIBISCUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 207. 

1. H. vitifolius L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 696 (1753); Masters in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. po 197. 

Loanpa.——Fl. and fr. No. 5236. A herb; stem 2 to 4 ft. high, 
diffuse ; branches and leaves stinging-hispid ; flowers of moderate 
size, petals of a deep-sulphur colour, atro-sanguineous on the inside 
from the base almost to the middle ; capsule broadly 5-winged ; in 
thickets near Alto das Cruzes, rather rare ; fl. and fr. middle of March 
1858. No. 5239 and Coiu. Carp. 256. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—Cabondo ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5246. 

MossamMEpDEs.—A herb, 3 to 4 or sometimes 5 ft. high; stems 
branched ; leaves various in shape ; in thickets near the banks of the 


r:ver Bero; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 4932. 


Hibiscus | XXIII, MALVACES. 69 


2. H. intermedius A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 58 (1847); 
Masters, /.c., p. 198. 

LoanpDA.—Not common, in the bushy and drier parts of the district, 
towards the east, as for instance at Penedo and Boa Vista; fl. and fr. 
April 1854. No. 5273. An annual herb; rather rare in the low-lying 
and somewhat moist thickets, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos; fr. begin- 
ning of May 1858. No. 5272. 

Welwitsch’s specimens appear to belong to this species. 


3. H. Mechowii Garcke in Linnea xliii. p. 121 (1881-1882). 

The following number may belong to this species; but I have 
not seen the type :— 

Punco ANDONGO.—A herb, annual or the stem becoming woody at 
the base, biennial; flowers large (about 2 in. long in the dry state), 
sulphur-coloured, inside at the base purple-velvety ; abundant in 


secondary thickets, between Caghuy and Calunga ; fl. and immature fr. 
end of April 1857. No. 5262. 


4, H. physaloides Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. p. 52 
(1830-1831); Masters, le¢., p. 199. 

GoLunGco ALTO.—A cinereous undershrub, 2 to 33 ft. high, clothed 
with rigid very stinging hairs, remarkable for whitish glands placed at 
the insertion of the petiole in the axils‘of the primary nerves; petals 
13 in. long, spathulate, entire, sulphur-coloured, marked at the base 
inside with an oblong orange-scarlet or vermilion spot, fugacious ; in 
elevated bushy pastures, Sobato da Bumba; fl. and fr. May and Oct. 
1855. Nos. 5245, 5247. Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. and fr. June 1856. 
No. 5248. No. 4922 (no locality). 

The two following numbers, represented in the British Museum 
set each by a fragment and a sketch of the unique specimen in 
the study set, should be compared with this species, but they 
appear different :— 

HvuiLuia.—An erect simple slender annual herb, a foot high, pallid ; 
Lopollo, fr. No. 4929. In rather dry bushy stations, near Lopollo, 
Oct. 1859, fl. 12 in. long. No. 4933. 


5. H. loandensis Hiern, sp. n. 

An erect undershrub of 5 to 6 ft. or a shrubby herb, with 
patent subterete branches, and the stem branches and foliage 
beset with rigid stinging hairs; branchlets thinly leafy. Leaves 
(of the branchlets) more or less 3-lobed or occasionally undivided, 
broadly ovate, cordate at base, membranous, green and thinly scat- 
tered with stellate and more thickly spread with short appressed 
hairs above, rather paler and thinly scattered with impressed 
glands and stellate hairs beneath, 14 to 4 in. long and broad, 
crenate-serrate ; lobes ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the middle one 
the longest, usually about two-thirds of the length of the leat ; 
petiole 1 to 32 in. long, often longer than the lamina, pubescent ; 
stipules subulate, + in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or con- 
gested at the extremities of the branchlets ; peduncles 3 to 1q in. 
long, ascending, jointed near the top, pilose; epicalyx consisting 
of about 15 filiform pilose segments, about half as long as the 
fruit ; calyx divided rather more than half-way down into 5 ovate- 


70 XXIII. MALVACE. [ Hibiscus 


lanceolate acute pilose lobes nearly or quite equalling the fruit ; 
petals oval, of moderate size, 1} in. long, sulphur-yellow, with a 
dark-purple spot at the base; staminal column § in. long ; fruit 
> to 2 in. long; carpels hairy outside, narrowed at the apex into 
a strong apiculus ; seeds tubercled, not cottony. 

Loanpa.—In shrubby stations near Maiango do Povo; fl. and fr. 
March 1858, rather rare. No. 5240 and Couu. Carp. 255. 

BarrRA DO DanpE.—Among tall herbs, by the marshy banks of the 
river Dande, near Bombo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 5249. 

This and the following species belong to the section Ketmia, and 
stand near H. physaloides G. & P. 

The following No. may belong here; it differs from the type by 
its leaves being unlobed or nearly so :— 

BENGUELLA.—In sandy bushy stations between the city of Benguella 


and the river Catumbella, rather scarce ; fl. (about 14 in. long) and fr. 
June 1859. No. 4934. 


6. H. andongensis Hiern, sp. n. 

An erect herb, 3 ft. high, beset on its stem and foliage with 
hispid violently stinging hairs ; stem branched, terete ; branchlets 
tomentose and hispid. Leaves (of the branchlets) deeply palmati- 
lobed, almost like Cannabis, cordate at the base, thinly mem- 
branous, dark-green and scattered with stellate forked and 
simple hairs above, paler glandular and scattered with stellate 
forked and simple hairs beneath (but without white prominent 
glands in the axils of the primary nerves); lobes 3 to 7, mostly 
oblanceolate, serrate-dentate or incise-lobulate, 13 to 4 in. long, 
2 to 14 in. broad, acute at the apex, all except the basal ones 
more or less wedge-shaped at the base, the terminal one rather 
the longest and the basal ones shortest ; petiole equalling or longer 
than the lamina, 12 to 6 in. long; stipules filiform, 4 in. long. 
Flowers axillary and solitary or congested in quasi-terminal 
clusters ; peduncle lin. long more or less, densely pilose-hispid, 
jointed near the top; epicalyx consisting of about 15 filiform 
pilose-hispid segments about half as long as the fruit-calyx ; calyx 
in fruit deeply 5-lobed, pilose outside, about 1 in. long, lobes 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, # in. long; fruit slightly nodding, about 
equalling the calyx, pilose outside, carpels prolonged into an acute 
apex ; seeds tubercled, not cottony. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In the stony wooded parts of Mata de Pungo ; 
sporadic ; fr. middle of April 1857. No. 5257. 


7. H. rhabdotospermus Garcke in Bot. Zeit. vii. p. 839 (1849) ; 
Masters, d.c., p. 200; var. mossamedensis. 

An erect or ascending annual herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, or occa- 
sionally when growing amidst shrubs taller, somewhat branched. 
Branches terete, rather slender, clothed with short hairs and 
scattered with longer stellate hairs, pallid, not prickly. Leaves 
ovate, acute at the apex, rounded or somewhat narrower at the 
base, membranous, crenate-serrate except near the base, not lobed, 
with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, dark green above, 


Hibiscus] XXIII. MALVACE. 71 


rather paler and with a few brown depressed points (glands ?) 
chiefly between nerves at the base beneath, 14 to 37 in. long, 
4 to 12 in. broad; petiole 1{ to 3 in. long, pubescent ; stipules 
filiform, short, hairy. Flowers axillary and solitary, or clustered 
at the extremities of the branches ; peduncles ranging up to | in., 
pubescent, indistinctly jointed near the apex. Epicalyx pubescent, 
consisting of 10 entire curving filiform or narrow and tapering 
separate segments about 3 in. long, more or less patent in fruit. 
Calyx hispid-pubescent, = to % in. long, deeply 5-lobed, exceeding 
the fruit, not ventricose in fruit; lobes ovate-attenuate, long- 
pointed, } to 2in. long. Petals yellow, but little exceeding the 
calyx, somewhat pubescent outside. Fruit pubescent ; carpels 5, 
prolonged at the apex into a long beak, ciliate along the lines of 
dehiscence. Seeds tuberculate, not cottony. 

MossaMEDES.—In sandy stations at the banks of the river Bero, 
rather rare ; fl. and fr. August 1859, June 1860. Nos. 4936, 4937. 


Perhaps a distinct species, differing from that of Garcke by not 
cordate leaves, etc. 


8. H. surattensis L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 696 ; Masters, d.c., p. 201. 

Loanpa.—No. 5254. 

GoLunGco ALTO.—In palm-plantations near the river Cuango, fl. and 
fr. May 1856. Nos. 4921, 5255. 

Punco ANDONGO.—FI. May 1857. No. 5253. 


9. H. Mastersianus Hiern. 

H. furcatus Masters, l.c., p. 201, non Roxb. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Flowers deep yellow, somewhat veined, rather 
small for the genus (about ? in. long); in secondary thickets near 
ard j fl.and fr. May 1857 (seeds slightly and sparingly papillose). 
No. 5242. 

Hvuiitia.—In thickets near Ferrad da Sola in the Lopollo country ; 
flowers yellow (1 in. long) ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4927. Flowers yellow 
(1 in. long) ; in stony bushy places at the borders of forests consisting 
of “Panda” (Berlinia paniculata Benth., Brachystegia spiceformis 
Benth., etc.), near Eme ; fl. May 1860. No. 4928. 

These specimens differ from H. furcatus by the shortness of the 
peduncles, which do not exceed } in. in length. The following No. 
further differs by the short peduncles being not always solitary 
‘ and often arranged in terminal leafy spicate racemes or in small 
axillary leafy cymes; the seeds glabrous smooth and shining; it 
may perhaps constitute a separate species :— 

Punco ANDoNGO.—An undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, patently branched ; 
flowers of moderate size (1 to 13 in. long), of a straw-yellow colour ; in 


thickets alongside the rivulets of the fortress of Pungo Andongo, near 
Cazella, April 1857 ; also Calunda-Mangue ; fl. and fr. No. 5241. 


10. H. rostellatus Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. p. 55; 
Masters, /.c., p. 201. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An undershrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, armed with rigid 
very stinging hairs; flowers of a sulphur colour, marked with purple 


inside near the base, large ; in moist thickets at the banks of the river . 
Miége to the south of the city of Pungo Andongo; fl. No. 5243. 


72 XXIII, MALVACEE. | Hibiscus 


11. H. lunarifolius Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. p. 811 (1800); Masters, 
i.c., p. 202. 


CAZENGO.—Caculo, fl. and fr. June 1855. This resembles the type 
of H. guineensis G. Don. No. 5252. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A shrubby herb, 5 to 6 ft. high, patently 
branched, with irritating hairs ; flowers very large (23 in. long in the 
dry state), of a sulphur-wine colour; in wooded stations of Mata de 
Pungo, May 1857. No. 5251. 

Huityia.—Flowers of a brilliant sulphur colour, very large (23 in. 
long in the dry state) ; in moist shrubby stations on the left bank of 
stream Catumba; fl. and fr. end of April 1860. This resembles 
H. dongolensis Delile. No. 4939. 


12. H. calyphyllus Cav. Diss. v. p. 283, tab. cxl. (1788); 
H. calycinus Willd. (1840), Masters, /.c., p. 202; vel affinis. 


GoLtunco ALtro.—An erect herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, not abundant, in 
shaded stations at the cataracts of the river Cuango, and more rarely 
on the right bank of the river Delamboa, in thickets ; fr. August 1855 ; 
also an erect herb, 4 to 5 ft. high, sparingly branched, in the wooded 
thickets of Quisuculo, near Bango; fl. May 1856. No.5238. A shrub, 
5 to 8 ft. high; prceducing many long slender straight and nearly 
erect stems, and slender rather spreading tough branches, apparently 
adapted for the manufacture of string ; flowers yellow, marked inside 
near the base with dark purple; calyx and epicalyx pentamerous ; cap- 
sule conical-pyramidal, acuminate, 5-valved ; seeds numerous, reniform, 
densely and shortly hirsute; fr. Sept. 1855; native name “ Quibosa 
ca-idla” (macho da Quibosa). No. 4919. By road leading to Bango, 
July 1856 ; a textile plant. Coin. Carp. 367. 

ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—A shrubby herb; leaves poplar-like ; fruit- 
peduncles 3 in. long; segments of the epicalyx several; capsules 
ovoid-pyramidal, of 5 woody pointed carpels 1} in. long ; in thickets 
near Quicanda; fr. Sept. 1854. Very doubtfully referred to this 
species. No. 4898. 

Punco ANDONGO.—F lowers (in the dry state) ranging up to 22 in. 
long; Lombe. ‘The tail-like tips of the segments of the epicalyx 
resemble those of AH. subtrilobatus Hochst. n. 2319; this Masters 
unites with H. calyphyllus, to which the specimens of Welwitsch are 
doubtfully referred, and from which the fruiting specimens differ by 
the long carpels exceeding the calyx and epicalyx. No. 5244. Flowers 
patent-drooping, nearly 2 in. long (in the dry state) ; segments of the epi- 
calyx spathulate-lanceolate, entire. Possibly belongs here. No. 5250. 


13. H. pandureformis Burm. f. Fl. Ind. p. 151, t. 47, f. 2: 
(1768); Masters, l.c. (panduriformis), p. 203. 


IcoLo E Benco.—A hoary erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with yellow 
flowers, small for the genus; in swamps about Lagéa da Funda; fl. 
and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 4896. An undershrub, 5 ft. high, patently 
branched ; leaves silky-tomentose, flowers yellow at the margin; in 
bushy places by the king’s highway, near Funda; Sept. (seeds tomen- 
tose). Cony. CARP. 257. 

LoaNnpA.—In young flower-bud Feb. 1859. No. 4895. An under- 
shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, with numerous stems ; flowers of a deep-sulphur 
colour, marked inside at the base with dark purple (13 in. long when 
dry) ; not infrequent; May 1854. No. 4894. 


14. H. cannabinus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, ii. p. 1149 (1759); 
Masters, /.c., p. 2043; vel affinis. 


Hibiscus | XXIII. MALVACES. 73 


Loanpa.—Quicuxe, fr. July 1854. No. 5265. A shrubby annual, 
3 ft. high; leaves edible ; capsules in old age turning a_ beautiful 
purple colour ; Quicuxe, August 1854. Cox. Carp. 104. 

GoLtuNnGo ALTo.—An annual erect branched herb ; flowers yellow, 
marked inside at the base with dark-purple ; by the road leading to 
Mussengue, amongst tall grasses; fl. May 1855. No. 5263. Corolla 
wine-white, petals marked at the base inside with a large purple spot ; 
Luis do Pereira, fl. and fr. May 1855. Nos. 5259, 5260. 3 to 5 ft. 
high ; lower leaves lobed, the uppermost ones lanceolate-linear elon- 
gated ; flowers congested ; calyx-lobes densely beset with red glands ; 
Mussengue road, June 1856. Coin. Carp. 254. <A perennial herb, a 
foot higher or more, strictly erect; calyx decked with prickly red 
glands; corolla rather large, of a violet-sulphur colour variegated 
with dark-purple at the base; rather rare, in the wooded thickets of 
Quisuculo, Sobato de Bango, fl. and fr. May 1856. No. 5258. Cott. 
Carp. 253. Flowers of a sulphur colour, marked inside with a purple 
spot ; fl. and young fr. end of June 1855. No. 5264. 

CazENGO.—Fr. June 1855. Nos. 5261, 5268. 

AmpBaca.—A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; foliage apparently edible ; flowers 
of a sulphur colour, marked inside at the base with dark-purple ; near 
Ngombe, in plantations of Manihot ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 5267. 

Punco ANnponco.—An erect herb, usually shrubby and with 
ascending branches at the base, 3 or occasionally 4 ft. high ; foliage 
edible, with an agreeable acid taste ; flowers yellow, pretty large ; not 
uncommon in secondary thickets by the banks of the river Miége, 
within the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; fl. and immature fr. middle of 
April 1857; called by the natives ‘“ Husa.” Nos. 5266, 5269, 5274. 
Lula dacaranga ; in fruit ; (leaves undivided or 3-lobed, 23 in. long, 
2 in. broad ; petiole 23 in. long). No. 4994. 

MossAMEDEs.—In sandy thickets near the river Bero, sporadic and 
rare ; in late fl. and immature fr. beginning of August 1859; (leaves 
3 to 4-lobed in a digitate manner, blade ranging up to 1} in. long, 
flowers apparently longer). No. 4931. 

Hviitta.—Flowers sulphur-coloured, inside with a purple spot 
(13 in. long, when dry) ; in grassy sparsely shrubby stations, at the 
Banca de Lopollo ; in late fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 4938. 

Several of the specimens enumerated above under this species are 
doubtfully placed here, and must be compared with the next. 


15. H. Acetosella Welw. ex Fic. in Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisb., Ser. 2, 
p. 608. 

H. Sabdariffa Fic. Pl. Ut. p. 97 (1884), non L. 

A biennial or triennial or rarely an annual herb or a some- 
what shrubby perennial plant, glabrous in most parts; branches 
spreading, smooth, terete or towards the extremities somewhat 
angular in the dry state. Leaves broadly ovate, 3 to 5-lobed or 
undivided, scarcely narrowed, not deeply cordate at base, ranging 
up to 3 in. in length and breadth, rather fleshy, glaucous and 
acid; lobes deep or shallow, crenate-dentate ; petioles as long as 
or longer than the blade, ranging up to 4 in. in length ; stipules 
linear-spathulate, 3 in. long, acute, glabrous. Flowers axillary, 
subsessile, often crowded in short axillary leafy branches, rather 
large, yellow but marked with a red spot near the base on the 
inside. Segments of the epicalyx 10, combined at the base, linear, 
sometimes forked at the apex, somewhat hispid or glabrate, about 


74. XXIII. MALVACE. [ Hibiscus 


as long as the calyx in flower or half as long asitin fruit. Calyx 
divided about half way down in flower or two-thirds down in fruit, 
hispid or glabrate ; lobes ovate, prolonged in fruit. Fruit 3 to 3 in. 
long, pilose outside ; carpels pointed ; seeds papillose, not cottony. 

GoLtuNnGo ALTo,—In stations clothed with short brushwood, along- 
side roads, also in neglected fields, and occasionally cultivated by the 
natives ; Varzea do Isidoro, in flower-bud in March 1856, and in May 
1855 in fl. near Mussengue. No. 5270. At the moist borders of 
thickets between Sange and Zanga, fr. Dec. 1854 ; and in open wooded 
places on the lower mountains of Queta, Oct. 1855. No. 5271. By 
fences and thickets near Sange, in seed Dec. 1854. Cou. Carp. 249, 
250,252: 

The leaves have an agreeable acidity, on which account the 
Portuguese colonists call the plant “ Azedas” (sorrel); they are of 
easy digestion and are prepared by the inhabitants after the manner of 
Rumex Acetosella, affording an excellent restorative remedy to invalids 
after the climatic fevers. This bears much resemblance to H. canna- 
binus L., but is destitute of aculeate tubercles, and has the character 
of the section Furcaria. It is called by the natives of Golungo Alto 
“ Husa,” as is also a plant mentioned under H. cannabinus L. in Pungo 
Andongo. Welwitsch in Apontamentos, p. 558, stated that a species of 
Hibiscus, hitherto undescribed and called “ Husa” by the negroes, is 
cultivated as greens, having a taste similar to sorrel. 


16. H. micranthus L. f. Suppl. p. 308 (1781); Masters, /.c., p. 205. 
Bombycella bicolor Welw. Apontamentos, pp. 558, 589. 


Loanpa and Danpr.—An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft, high, erect; 
branches again branched towards the apex ; pubescence finely stellate ; 
flowers of a whitish-rose colour, very elegant, nodding ; abundant in 
thickets near the city of Loanda, and also in rather dry hilly stations 
near the river Dande ; fl. and fr. Noy. 1853 and Jan. 1854. No. 4989. 
An undershrub with rod-like stems, oblong leaves, and milkwhite 
flowers; a plant quite deserving cultivation. Cou. Carp. 267. A 
herb or undershrub of 2 to 4 ft., woody at base; flowers nodding, 
delightfully two-coloured, whitish at the base and from the middle to 
the apex rose-purple, in the dry season rather small, but in the rainy 
season much larger ; abundant on bushy hills, with rather large flowers 
Dec. 1853, and with small flowers in flooded stations near Imbondeiro 
dos Lobos, March 1858; also in fruit. No. 4988. An erect under- 
shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, in groves of Hyphene benguellensis Welw., Praia 
S. Thiago, Feb. and Sept. 1858. Cou. Carp. 266. <A shrub, 6 ft. 
high, with the habit of a Sida; flowers of a fine purple colour ; in 
stations with weak and low bushes, near Calucala, rare, fl. and fr. 
Sept. 1854. No. 4897. 


17. H. Solandra L’Herit. Stirp. Nov. i. p. 103 t. 49 (1785); 
Masters, U.c., p. 206. 


Gotunco AuTro.—An annual erect herb, 13 ft. high, divaricately 
branched near the base ; lower leaves cordiform, the middle ones with 
3 or more lobes, and the uppermost ones more or less lanceolate ; 
flowers white, very fugacious ; petals concrete to a considerable height 
with the staminal tube, convolute in the bud and soon after the 
opening of the flower; anthers reniform, versatile, subsessile ; style- 
branches 5 ; stigmas capitellate-penicillate ; capsule 5-celled, loculi- 
cidal; valves 5, seminiferous along the middle and also along the 
septum, when dehiscent exposing almost to the base a central column ; 


Hibiscus | XXIII. MALVACEH. 75 


in no small quantity but seen only in one place, in beds of Manihot, on 
the left-hand side of the road leading to Ambaca, near Matas de 
Quibanga ; fl. and immature fr. beginning of July 1856. No. 4990. 


18. H. esculentus L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 696 (1753); Masters, 
ic., Welw. Apont. p. 558 (A belmoschus esculentus). 

Loanpa.—An annual herb, 3 to 5 ft. high; stem erect, thick and 
succulent, branched ; flowers large, sulphur-coloured, inside near the 
base purple ; fruit edible; abundant, both wild and cultivated, on 
plains and in fields throughout Angola; Imbondeiro dos Lobos, fi. 
Dec. 1858. No. 5278. 

GoLuNGO ALtTo.—A sparingly branched herb, sometimes rather 
woody at the base, 4 or even 5 ft. high; flowers handsome, large, 
sulphur-coloured inside purple at the base, but soon withering ; wild, 
perhaps an escape from cultivation, almost ubiquitous, in bushy places, 
Bango, fl. April 1856; native names “ Quingombo” and “ Quiabos.” 
No. 5277. Con. Carp. 251. 

19. H. Abelmoschus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 696 (1753); Masters 
inj) Oliv, Fl: Trop: Afr.1; p. 20T: 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—F lowers large, yellow ; petals inside near the base 
dark-purple ; at the borders of forests, Sobato Mussengue, fl. beginning 
of Oct. 1855. No. 5276. A herb, 3 to 4 ft. high; flowers very large, 
sulphur-coloured, with a dark-purple spot near the base inside; on 
plains and in bushy pastures, Sobato de Bumba, fl. Oct. 1855. No. 52°75. 

20. H. natalitius Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 587. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A branched, very bright green herb, rough with 
rigid hairs shining like crystals; petals sulphur-coloured, marked with 
dark-purple inside near the base ; in damp wooded stations, on the 
left bank of the river Quibélo ; fl.and fr. April 1856. Nos. 4923, 5256. 


21. H. pusillus Thunb. Prodr. Fl. Cap. p. 118 (1794). 


Hv1iia.—In stony sparingly grassy shrubby stations, near Lopollo ; 
fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 4930. 

22. H. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

A small shrub, with a woody rootstock giving off numerous 
stems, 1 to 2 ft. high; stems diffuse, ascending, terete, thickly 
beset with rough stellate tawny hairs, not prickly. Leaves oblong, 
rounded at both ends except a small apiculus at the apex, coria- 
ceous, rigid, denticulate except towards the lower part, rough on 
both surfaces with close short stellate tawny hairs, 2 to 4 in. long, 
3 to 1 in. broad; petiole ¢ to ? in. long, rough with short hairs; 
stipules subulate, about 3 in. long. Flowers in quasi-terminal 
leafy racemes ; pedicels ranging up to 2 in. long, closely hairy, 
jointed about or below the middle. Epicalyx closely hairy, con- 
sisting of 5 or 6 linear-subulate segments, ;/, in. long, appressed 
to the calyx in flower, and about equalling its tube. Calyx 
hemispherical, 7 in. long, rather deeply 5-cleft, tomentose ; lobes 
ovate, tin. long. Corolla nearly ? in. long, of a brilliant vermilion 
colour, somewhat pilose outside. Style 5-lobed at the apex. Fruit 
not seen. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In wooded thickets, near Quitage; fl. March 
1857. A very beautiful plant. No. 4901. 

The affinity of this species appears to be with H. wethiopicus L. 


76 XXIII. MALVACES. | Hibiscus 


23. H. fugosioides Hiern, sp. n. 

A perennial herb, with a tuberous-fasciculate root, and elongate 
prostrate-ascending slender terete very tough and wiry hispid not 
prickly stems, from 2 ft. upwards, nearly simple or branched 
near the base. Leaves varying from roundly cordiform to lanceo- 
late, mostly ovate, occasionally sub-trilobed, pointed or rounded 
at the apex, cordate or nearly truncate at the base, membranous, 
rather rigid, slightly rough with very short hairs, dull-green above, 
paler beneath, crenulate except towards the base, 1 to 27 in. long, 
2 to 14 in. broad; petiole § to 1 in. long, hispid; stipules subulate, 
z im. long, hispid. Peduncles axillary and solitary or gradually 
in terminal leafy racemes, ranging up to nearly 2 in. in length, 
clothed with very short hairs or nearly glabrate, jointed above 
the middle. Epicalyx hispid, consisting of 6 or 7 small subulate 
separate bracteoles, free from the calyx and much shorter than 
it. Calyx covered with very short hairs, deeply divided into 5 
linear-lanceolate acute segments 7 in. long. Petals glabrous, ? to 
1 in. long, of a deep rose-colour. Fruit 3 in. long, half-ellipsoidal ; 
carpels 5, marked with reticular venation and very short hairs 
on the back, ciliate along the lines of dehiscence ; seeds smooth 
to the touch, closely beset (as seen under a lens) with very small 
recurved prickles. 

Punco AnpoNGO.—In rather moist sandy wooded thickets, near 
Pedras de Guinga; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 5237. 

This species belongs to the section Ketmia, and stands near to 
HT, articulatus Hochst. 

24, H. huillensis Hiern, sp. n. 

An undershrub, 24 to 3 ft. high or more; branches virgate, 
tawny tomentose, not prickly, leafy, terete. Leaves ovate or the 
upper ones oblong, rather obtusely pointed at the apex, narrowed 
or obtuse at the base, rigidly membranous, rather softly tomen- 
tellous on both surfaces, somewhat tawny especially beneath, 
dentate except towards the base, occasionally a little 3-lobulate, 
13 to 3in. long, 2 to 2 in. broad; petiole tomentose, ranging up 
to % in. long, ascending; stipules filiform, % in. long, hairy. 
Flowers arranged in quasi-terminal leafy racemose cymes. Epi- 
calyx of about 5 small subulate separate bracteoles, about equalling 
the calyx-tube, hairy. Calyx hairy, rather deeply 5-cleft, 2 in. 
long ; lobes lanceolate, + to + in. long. Petals hairy outside, 
7 in. long, of a brilliant scarlet colour. Style-branches 5, slender. 
Fruit 3 in. long, obtuse, exceeding the calyx; carpels 5, spread 
outside with short stiff up-curving hairs; seeds clothed with 
reddish long shaggy hairs about as long as the body of the seeds. 

Hv1Lia.—In the wooded thickets of the last peak of the Serra da 
Xella ; abundant ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4942. Mumpulla, sparingly ; 
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 49420, 

This species belongs to the section Bombycella. 

25. H. petreeus Hiern, sp. n. 

Rootstock woody, with numerous ascending or erect terete wiry 
rather slender stellately hairy not prickly stems, 2 to 6 in. high, 


Hibiscus | XXIII. MALVACES, te 


of a pallid grey-green colour. Leaves oblong, mostly ascending, 
acute or pointed at the apex, more or less wedge-shaped or nearly 
rounded at the base, coriaceous or rigid, of a grey-green colour on 
both surfaces, rather paler beneath, with scattered stellate hairs 
above and minutely punctate beneath, with spreading pointed 
teeth on the margin except towards the base, ? to 24 in. long, 
2 to 3 in. broad; petiole 54, to 3 in. long, stellate-hairy ; stipules 
subulate, 4, to 4 in. long, hairy. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 
1 to 2 in. long, scattered with stellate hairs, jointed at or rather 
above the middle. Epicalyx tawny-hairy, consisting of about 
7 subulate separate bracteoles, about 4, in. long, appressed to the 
calyx-tube or more or less spreading. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, 
tawny-hairy, 3 to 3 in. long; lobes lanceolate, acute. Petals 
scarlet, 4 to 3 in. long, somewhat pilose outside. Fruit depresso- 
globose, tawny tomentose outside, 2 in. long; seeds covered with 
pale cottony hairs. 

Hvuitia.—In dry thickets and rocky pastures clothed with short 
bushes ; in very hard ground, near Lopollo; rather rare ; fl. and fr. 
Nov. 1860. No. 4943. 


This species belongs to the section Bombycella, and is related to 
HZ, pusillus Thunb. 


9. CIENFUEGOSIA Cay. Diss. u. App. (1786), & i. p. 174, 
t. 72, fig. 2 (1787). Fugosia Juss.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 
i. p. 208. 

1. C. pentaphylla K. Schumann in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 46 
(1889). 

C. anomula Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. Beiblatt, No. 48, 
p- 1 (1894). Gossypium anomalum Wawra & Peyr. Sert. Beng. 
p. 21 (1860); Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 211. G. micro- 
carpum Welw. ms. ex Giirke, /.c. 

LoANDA.—Rather rare in dry bushy places near Teba, very rarely 
near Penedo in company with Abrus ; fl. and fr. April and May 1854 ; 
a slender shrub, 4 ft. high, petals of a pallid-sulphur colour, inside 
glossy-purple near the base, between Teba and Penedo ; fl. and fr. end 
of March 1858. No. 5221. Cou. Carp. 262. 

MossAMEDES and Bumpo.—aA shrub, 1 to 4 ft. high, with numerous 
erect oblique stems, divaricately branched from the base; flowers yellow, 
fruit of the size of a large hazel-nut, not uncommon in gravelly thickets 
along the banks of the river Bero, fl. and fr. July 1859 ; a little slender 
tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, with a trunk 1 to 13 in. in diameter, flowers from 
whitish turning pale-red, petals marked inside near the base with a 
large red-purple spot, in the more elevated parts of Serra da Xella. 
No. 5220. A much-branched shrub, 3 to 8 ft. high ; flowers of a wine- 
red colour ; capsules of the size of a large hazel-nut, 3-4-celled, 3-4- 
valved ; seeds clothed with a dense and closely adhering cottony wool 
of a red-cinnamon colour ; frequent from Quitibe and Pomangala up 
to Bumbo ; at Quitibe June 1860. Cox. Carp. 30. 


10. GOSSYPIUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 209. 


1. G. barbadense L. Sp. Pl. p. 693 (1753) ; Masters in Oliv. Fl. 
aeop.-Afr. i; p. 210. 


78 XXIII, MALVACES, [ Gossypium 


PRINCE’S ISLAND.—Sept. 1853. CoLu. Carp. 265. 

St. Tuomas’ Istanp.—In the more elevated wooded parts of the 
island ; perhaps formerly introduced there ; cotton of a pale-cinnamon 
or dirty chestnut-yellow colour ; Dec. 1860. Coun. Carp. 264. 


Welwitsch in Apontamentos, p. 558, states that three distinct 
kinds of cotton are cultivated in Angola with greater or less 
frequency. He calls them G. vitifolium, G. barbadense, and 
G. herbaceum, the two first being also met with wild in the neigh- 
bourhood of villages ; the last name, however, does not appear to 
apply to the species so called by Linnezeus. 

The specimens in the collection may be placed under the fol- 
lowing four names, here used as sub-species :— 


(1) G. punctatum Schum. in Beskr. Guin. Plant. p. 309 
(1827); G. barbadense L., var. hirsutum Welw. Apontamentos, 
p- 590, n. 83. 


LoanpA.—A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. wide; stem erect, with spreading 
elongated branches; flowers at first sulphur-coloured, soon turning 
wine-reddish ; cultivated and half-wild as an escape from cultivation 
in rather moist sandy fields near Imbondeiro dos Lobos; fl. March, 
fr. July 1858. Wild and cultivated, especially in the drier plains 
throughout Angola, mixed with other forms. The ordinary form 
becomes hairy when growing in rather dry fields after disused cultiva- 
tion. Represa de Conceicad, between Penedo and Forte de S. Pedro ; 
fl. and fr. end of July 1854. No. 5235. 

GoLunco ALTo.—A cultivated annual plant ; flowers from whitish 
to violet-purple ; seeds received from Louisiana under the name of 
“Buena Vista,’ and planted 12 Feb. 1856; first fl. end of March ; 
first ripe fr. middle of May 1856; capsules almost ripe at end of 
April 1856; Arimo de Mariano, Cacarambola ; cultivated in fields 
near Sange ; with a sample of the cotton grown from the Louisiana 
seeds. No. 5224. Cony. Carp, 258, 259, 260. Cultivated and sub- 
spontaneous in thickets about Sange, quite certainly not indigenous ; 
with yellow fl. end of Feb. 1856; wild and in fr., Quibolo, August 
1856. No. 5223. 

MossaMEpDes.—Cultivated in the fields of Purificagao, near Caval- 
heiros, but in small quantity ; fl. and fr. 23 April 1859. No. 5225. 
In gardens near the city of Mossamedes ; fr. July 1859. No. 5226. 


(2) G. maritimum Todaro, Relaz. Cult. Coton. p. 225, t. 7, &t. 11, 
fig. 27 (1878). 

MossAMEDES.—An ill-shaped shrub, 2 to 3 or occasionally 4 ft. high ; 
cotton of a pallid cinnamon colour; cultivated in the fields of 
Purificagao, near Cavalheiros ; fl. and fr. August 1859 ; called by the 
colonists ‘“‘ Algadio cor de Ganga.” No. 5222, Cotton of a yellowish 
(Nanking) colour ; Fazenda dos Cayalheiros. Cou. Carp. 263. 

(3) G. peruvianum Cav. Diss. vi. p. 313, t. 168 (1788). 

GoLunco ALTO.—A shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high ; flowers at first of a deep 
yellow colour, soon turning wine-reddish ; abundant and wild in de- 
pressions and on the drier slopes, and also cultivated about the native 
villages and their lower parts; Sange ; fl. July 1855. No. 5230. 

MossaMEDES.—Sea-island cotton, fl. and fr. No. 5229. Seeds soli- 
tary, not imbricate-distichous, with white cotton ; cultivated in the 
fields of Purificagao, near Cavalheiros, fl. and fr. 23 August 1850, where 
it is called ‘“‘ Algodao de Panacho.” No. 5232. 


Gossypium | XXIII, MALVACEE. 79 


(4) G. acwminatum Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 51 (1814) ; &. vitifolium 
Welw. Apontamentos, p. 590, n. 94. 


Loanpa.—A shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, branched from the base ; branches 
and branchlets green, not purple ; leaves and branchlets glabrous, very 
closely black-punctate ; leaves 1-glandular beneath, with acuminate 
lobes ; flowers very large, of a deep sulphur colour; capsules very 
large, 3-valved ; cultivated rather sandy moist fields, near Quicuxe, 
Museque de Sr. Ricardo Silva Rejo, fl. and fr. beginning of March 1858 ; 
sent by Sr. Ricardo. No. 5227. Cou. Carp. 261. <A shrub, 6 ft. 
high, branched from the base ; branches spreading-ascending ; leaves 
almost always 3-cleft, 1-glandular, one leaflet of the outer calyx glan- 
dular; cultivated, Represa de Imbondeiro dos Lobos, fl. and young fr, 
end of July 1858; frequently cultivated in most of the districts of 
Angola, and almost everywhere wild at the back of dwellings, but no- 
where indigenous. Native name “ Muxinha.” No. 5228. <A shrub, 
8 ft. high, among plants of Euphorbia Tirucalli L., near Bemposta, 
fl. end of July 1858. No. 5234. 

CazENGO.—Flowers large, yellow ; cotton but little adhering to the 
seeds ; cultivated from seeds formerly introduced from Pernambuco ; 
here and there subspontaneous, but only sporadic; in thickets by 
dwellings, near Cabonde Cacula ; fl. Jan. No. 5233. 

MossaAMEDES.—Garden of Senhor Bernardo de Figuerendo, August 
1859, fl. and fr., grown from seeds sent from Pernambuco, and called 
by the colonists ‘‘ Algodadé de pinha.” No. 5231. 


11. ADANSONIA B. Juss. ex L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 
i, p. 209. 


1. A. digitata B. Juss. ex L. Sp. Pl. p. 1190 (1753); Masters 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 212. 


LoanpA.—In Boa Vista (Loranthus Mechowii parasitic on it), fl. 
April 1854. No. 5418. Alto das Cruzes, fl. Jan. 1859. No. 5418d. 
A little tree, 4 ft. high, road near Samba grande ; foliage without fl. 
or fr. Nov. 1858. No. 5417. The latest foliage on the large trees at 
Samba grande 30 July 1854. No. 5419; fl. Feb. 1854. No. 5419. Seeds 
August 1854. Conti. Carp. 107. Imbondeiro dos Lobos, fr. August 
1858 ; fr. 2 ft: by 53 in. by 44 in. CoLu. Carp. 269. 

GotuNnco AuLto.—Branch with foliage only. No. 5420. String 
locally manufactured from the inner bark in 1856. CoLu. Carp. 270. 

Punco ANDoONGO.—Near the stronghold of Pungo Andongo, at 
Calundo, fl. beginning of Feb. 1857, sparingly ; from Pungo Andongo 
towards the east this tree is rather rarely met with, and near Candumba 
up to Condo very rarely, in consequence of the elevation of this tract 
of country. Nos. 5415, 5416. 

Bumpo.—In the drier wooded places near Bumbo, rather rare ; more 
abundant in the rocky parts of the middle of Serra da Xella, at a place 
called Chad da Xella; altogether absent from the district of Huilla. 
(Ticket without specimen.) No. 4995. 

The name “ Imbondeiro,” by which Portuguese colonists in Angola 
call the Adansonia, is derived from the name “ N-Bondo,” which the 
natives give to this enormous tree; it is common in nearly all the 
littoral and hilly regions of Angola. The natives prepare the inner 
bark for the manufacture of string. After having made sufficient 
incisions across the piece intended for preparation, they strip the bark 
from the stem in sheets of 3 to 5 ft. in length by 2 or 3 ft. in breadth ; 
this process is easily performed by reason of its spongy softness. After 


80 XXIII, MALVACEZ, [ Adansonia 


a brief maceration, they expose the sheets to the sun for heating, and 
also submit them to beating, until the different parts of the fibrous 
layers separate. A clean inner bark then presents itself, which, when 
manufactured into sacking, serves for the package of coal, fruits, roots, 
cotton, etc. ; or is unravelled and employed in the manufacture of 
various articles for domestic use, such as string, nets, wallets, etc. 
All the cotton which is sent from the interior of the province to the 
market at Loanda, and thence directly exported to the extent of many 
hundreds of stones (arrobas) weight, is there carried in bags made of 
the inner bark of Jmbondeiro ; and also the greater part of the gum 
copal and of Orchella-weed is conveyed in wrappers of the same 
material. Moreover, under suitable treatment, it would perhaps serve 
for the manufacture of coarse paper and of other similar goods. (See 
Welwitsch, Synopse, pp. 40, 41.) 

The natives call the fruit of Adansonia digitata ‘‘Micua.” This 
tree is considered with just reason the most characteristic plant of 
tropical Africa ; it grows in nearly every part of the province of 
Angola, with the exception, however, of the highland region ; it dis- 
appears altogether at an elevation of 4000 ft. above sea-level. The 
fruit furnishes, in the pulp which contains the seeds, a substance very 
advantageous for the preparation of lemonade, with an agreeable taste 
and with a particularly refreshing effect in the case of various febrile 
affections. The negroes make use of these Miicuas for smoking their 
Riamba (Cannabis), and also for vessels of water and of other liquids 
(see Welwitsch, l.c., p. 47). To enumerate the multifarious applica- 

tions which the natives make of the various parts of this tree in their 
_ domestic economy would be to compose a long chapter of African 
ethnography. (See Welwitsch, Apontamentos, p. 598, under n. 136.) 

During the Ambriz war many thousands of boxes of this material 
were manufactured within a few days in Sange in Golungo Alto for 
the conveyance of provisions to the seat of war. 


12. BOMBAX L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 210. 


1. B. buonopozensis P. Beauy. FI. D’Owar. ii. t. 83, fig. 1 (1807), 
p. 42 (Buonapozense) ; Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 213. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—An immense tree, 100 ft. high and more, leafless 
at the time of flowering, prickly when young after the manner of 
‘“Mafumeira” (Ceiba Casearia) ; trunk 4 to 10 ft. in diam. ; flowers 
tulip-shaped, rose-scarlet, very handsome ; (petals 23 in. long) ; in the 
primitive forests of Capopa, not uncommon; fl. in Jan., Feb. and 
June 1855, and Jan. 1856; fr. Oct. 1856; in leaf in March and in 
August 1856, when an enormous tree of it was cut down to obtain 
specimens of the leaves; called by the colonists ‘‘Mafumeira in- 
carnada.” No. 5412. Foliage and bark with prickles gathered at 
Capopa, Sept. 1855. No. 5413. <A young little tree of the gigantic 
tree “ Mafuma” (rath scarlet, tulip-shaped flowers), Capopa, Nov. 
1855. No. 5414. Cou. Carp. 271, 272. 


13. CEIBA Plum. f. (1703); Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 399 (1763). 
Eriodendron DC.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, Pl. i. p. 210. 
1. C. Casearia Medie: Malv. Fam. p. 16 (1787). 
Lriodendron anfractuosum DC. Prodr. i. pt 479 (1824); Masters 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 214. 


AmpBriz.—On the Quizembo river, near the little bank; foliage 
without fl. or fr. Nov. No. 5406. 


Ceiba | XXIII. MALVACE. 81 


Icoto E Benco.—Foto, on the Dande; fl. Sept. No. 5404. St. 
Antonio; fr. Dec. No. 5405. Abundant at the banks of the river 
Bengo ; one side of the tree had leafy branches without flowers, and 
the other had flowering branches without leaves, Sept. 1854. No. 5407. 
An eminently handsome tree, 80 to 100 ft. and more ; the trunk is not 
unfrequently excavated by the natives for boats, as are the gigantic 
trunks of Adansonia, which it rivals ; abundant in the wooded parts 
near the river Bengo, fl. with or without leaves, mjddle of Sept. 1857 ; 
called by the natives “ Mufuma.” No. 5408. 

Go.unco ALTO.—In the forest, near Mussengue ; capsule pentagonal- 
conical, 4 in. long, 5-valved; valves free from the pentagonal axis ; 
June 1856. No. 5409. Eastern Queta, fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5410. 
Cou. Carp. 273. 

Sr. Toomas’ Istanp.— Ocd”’ ; end of Dec. 1860,; fl. and fr. No. 5411. 

Dishes or small bowls are made from the wood of “‘ Mufumeira,” and 
the natives in Angola usually make use of them at their meals. The 
Mufumeiras (the Portuguese name for Mufuma, by which the native 
tribes call this tree) are, with the exception of Adansonia, the most 
gigantic and bulky of the Bombax group in Tropical Africa; they 
grow by preference along rivers and streams, remarkably adorning the 
country of Portuguese Africa with their majestic crowns. Not only 
these small bowls, but also much larger ones for baths, washing-tubs, 
etc., and nearly all the canoes are made from the trunks, which not 
uncommonly attain 120 ft. in height and 8 to 12 ft. in diam. at the 
lower part of the trunk. The wool in which the seeds are enveloped 
is known under the name of “Suma-uma” ; but not being of much 
durability and of very little elasticity, it is not of much use. (See 
Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 21, and Apontamentos, p. 559.) 


XXIV. STERCULIACE. 


This Order contains trees of the finest habit belonging to the 
giants of the vegetable kingdom, and also some of the most useful 
trees of the tropical zone. The great promptness with which 
many of these trees strike root, from branches stuck in the 
ground in the rainy season, considerably facilitates the formation 
of fences and the planting of roads and squares with trees, 
especially in the hilly and upland districts; stakes of 3 to 5 in. in 
diam., so planted, become established in a few months, and within 
a year form tolerably bushy little trees. Some species of Sterculia 
furnish gum tragacanth of excellent quality ; a species of Hdwardia 
has edible fruit; and several plants of the Order afford textile 
material for the manufacture of ropes, provision-bags, and other 
such domestic articles. (See Welwitsch, Apont. p. 558.) 


1. STERCULIA L.; Benth & Hook. f. Gen, Pl. i. p. 217. 


1. S. pubescens G. Don ex Loudon, Hort. Brit. p. 392 (May 
1830); G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 515 (1831). 

S. Tragacantha Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1353 (Sept. 1830) ; Masters 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 216; Brown in Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 233. 

Gotunco ALTo.—A lofty tree, 100 to 120 ft. high, remarkable for 
a very strictly erect trunk; not uncommon in forests whether dense 
or sparse, often in company with Elaeis guineensis ; (fruit carpels 13 1. 


6 


82 XXIV. STERCULIACE. [ Sterrculia 


to 23 in. long) ; near Canguerasange, etc. ; fl. Oct. 1854, fr. August. 
No. 4685. A young tree, 20 ft. high, with a broad crown ; flowers of a 
cinnamon-reddish colour ; in less dense forests, throughout the district ; 
at Sange, fl. April 1856. No. 4689, By the river Delamboa, fl. August 
1856 ; native name “ Quibondo.” No. 4690. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A tree, 20 ft. high, probably a young one; in 
the wooded parts of Barranco da Pedra Songue within the citadel ; 
with foliage but without flowers, Feb. 1857. No. 4688. 


The two following numbers show leaves less pubescent beneath, 
but are without either flowers or fruits; they may, however, 
belong here :— 


GoLtunco ALTo.—From the Government House courtyard in Sange, 
said by Welwitsch to be the species from which he collected the flowers 
in the last quarter of 1854 on the Delamboa ; Sept. 10th, 1856 ; native 
name abe camenha.” No.4686. In hedgeat Sange, May 1856. 
No. 4684. 


The following probably belongs to this species :— 


GoLtunco ALTo.—A lofty tree ; fibre excellent for various purposes ; 
the natives call the tree “ Quibondo,” and the fruit “‘ Miicdlocé6cd” ; 
Sange 1855 (seeds albuminous, } to 3 in. long; fruit 2 in. long). 
Couu. Carp. 276. 


The following three numbers of the herbarium (and the two of 
the carpological collection) perhaps belong to the same species ; 
but their leaves differ by being glabrous or nearly so :— 


GoLtunco ALTo.—A tree, 30 to 60 ft. high, with a quite straight 
trunk, unbranched below and forming above a more or less depressed 
ovoid crown ; in forests by the river Luinho, but always in drier spots 
than ‘ Quibondo ca menha” ; in flower at Sange at the beginning of 
July 1856; native name “ Quibondo ia Molemba.” No. 4681. Fre- 
quent as saplings in the Alameda at Sange, and in company with the 
‘‘Quibondo ca menha,” in the Government courtyard ; leaves much 
larger (attaining more than a foot long by 7 inches broad) nearly 
glabrous and more deeply cordate at the base than in that tree ; in 
fruit with ripe seeds, near the wall of the courtyard, Sept. 10th, 1856 ; 
the capsules of this species or variety are when young of a peach-red 
colour, and when old of a rusty brownish-grey. No. 4682. At the 
great cataract of the river Cuango, near Sange; leaves of the young 
“ Bondo-ia-Molemba” ; August 1855. No. 4683. Cox. Carp. 279. 
Ripe seeds very bitter, of a cinnamon-red colour ; native name “ N- 
Bondo ii Molemba” ; March 1856. Cou. Carp. 278. 

An imperfect specimen, No. 4687, bearing an oval leaf 103 in. long 
by 6 in. broad, besides the petiole of 3} in. long, glabrous except the 
middle and lateral veins beneath and petiole, from Monte Caffe in the 
Island of St. Thomas, Dec. 1890, may be mentioned here, but it appears 
to belong to a different species; it is there called “Nespera.” The 
timber of this tree is said to be good, strong and durable, and to be the 
same as that known in Prince’s Island as “pop.” See Ficalho, PI. 
Ut. p. 106 (1884). 


2. S. tomentosa Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. p. 81, t. 16 
(1831) ; Masters, U.c., p. 217; non Thunb. 

LoanpA.—Museque Schut ; fl. Dec. 1857; native name “ Chixe” ; 
(carpels 3 in. long, hispid-tomentose outside, pilose with stellate hairs 
inside ; leaves ranging up to 5 in. in length). No. 4691. A tree, 


9 


Sterculia | XXIV. STERCULIACEE. 83 


trunk already branched a little above the base; branches as well as 
the trunk of a leaden-grey colour ; flowers red-greenish ; on the island 
Cazanga, fl. March 1858; native name “ Chixe.” From the same tree 
Welwitsch had gathered a great quantity of gum tragacanth. No. 4692. 
Island of Loanda ; 1858; native name “ Muchiche” ; carpels 2 to 2} in. 
long, tawny-tomentose and scattered with rigid hairs outside ; seeds 
ellipsoidal, 3 in. long by } in. thick. CoLu. CARP. 275, 280. 

Gum tragacanth or ‘“ Alquitiri” is obtained in abundance from 
the thick trunk of this tree, which is very abundant in dry 
situations throughout the coast region from Ambriz to the mouth 
of the river Cuanza. The natives call the tree ‘‘ Chixe,” and the 
eum “Ici ia Chixe,” but they do not make any use of it except 
for food in time of great famine. It appears identical in quality 
with the gum Alquitiri of the East, and can be collected in known 
places in great quantity. (See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 36.) 

GoLunGo ALTO and ZENZA DO GoLuNGO.—Leaves fallen from a 
tree then entirely leafless, but evidently belonging to it; between 
Calolo and Montes de Mongollo ; a common tree, with bark of a grey- 
green almost leaden colour, Sept. 1857. A very lofty tree in the 
forests near Muria, and in hilly situations near Calumguembo a tree 
of 15 to 25 ft., always with a bark of a leaden colour ; Sept. 1857. 
Cou. CARP. 277. 


3. S. cinerea A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 74, t. 16 (1847) ; 
Masters, l.c., p. 218. 

CAZENGO.—A moderate-sized tree, 25 to 30 ft. high; trunk 14 to 
2 ft. in diameter at the base, exuding a gummy resin, clothed as well 
as the patently divaricate branches with a whitish bark (like that 
in Betula alba) ; flowers from yellow turning reddish; capsules of a 
pleasant ruddy colour (seeds albuminous) ; in shallow depressions on 
plains between Muxaula and Cacula ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4694. 

The specimens differ from the type by the lower surface of the 
leaves being clothed with a short pale-tawny tomentum, but not ashy- 
tomentose. The male flowers have their anthers crowded in a head, 
not disposed in a single row. This form helps to break down the 
distinction between S. tomentosa G. & P. and S. cinerea A. Rich. 


4. §. ambacensis Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A moderate-sized tree 15 to 30 ft. high, with the habit nearly 
of Monodora Myristica ; trunk about a foot in diameter near the 
base; crown handsomely widened out, with spreading branches. 
Leaves obovate, rounded or nearly so at the apex, more or less 
narrowed to a wedge-shaped obtuse or rounded base, glabrous 
(or with scattered minute stellate hairs beneath, especially when 
young), glaucous especially above, firmly but rather thinly 
coriaceous, 5 to 9 in. long, 23 to 53 in. wide, 1-nerved at the base 
(or 3 to 5-nerved near the base) ; petiole ? to 2 in. long, glabrate, — 
of an ashy-purple colour ; stipules deciduous. Flowers not seen. 
Follicles nearly 3 in. long, 14 in. wide, of a yellowish-cinnamon 
colour, outside very thinly tomentose and frequently beset with 
little gummy drops ; seeds 5 to 7 in each follicle, oblong-cylindrical. 
5 in. long, very copious, albuminous. Fruit and seeds like those 
of ‘‘ Quibondo.” 


84 XXIV. STERCULIACEZ. | Sterculia 


AmpBaca.—Rather rare on rather moist wooded slopes, at an elevation 
of about 3200 ft. above sea-level, near a place called Puricacarambola, 
in nearly ripe fr. middle of Oct. 1856. No. 4695. Couu. Carp. 274, 946. 


2. OCTOLOBUS Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 982 
(1867); Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxvii. p. 17 (1869). 


1. O. spectabilis Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soe., /.c., p. 18, t. 6. 


Punco AnponGo.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, patently branched, with 
a lax crown ; sporadic, in the mountainous rocky woods of the fortress 
of Pungo Andongo, at a place called Barranco da Pedra Songue ; fl. Jan., 
fr. April 1857. No. 1202. Couu. Carp. 281. 


3. EDWARDIA Rafinesque, Specchio delle Scienze, tom. 2 


(No. xi.), p. 158 (1 Nov. 1814). Cole H. Schott & Endl.; Benth. 
& Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 218. 


1. E. lurida Rafinesque, l.c. 

Cola acuminata Brown in Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 257 (1844); Masters 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 220. Lunanea Bachy DC. Prodr. i. 
p- 92 (1825). 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—In the forests of Cabanga Cacabango; fl. Jan. 
1855. No.4669. At Bango Aquitamba, flower-bud Dec. 1854. No. 4670. 
A copiously leafy tree, 25 to 60 ft. high and more, affording friendly 
hospitality to mosses, lichens, orchids and Rhipsalis Cassytha Gaertn. ; 
seeds eaten by the negroes ; in the dense forests of Sobato de Quilembo- 
Quiacatubia ; fr. from Nov. to Jan., fl. and young fr. Feb. 1855. No. 4671. 
At Quilombo, fl. July 1856. No. 4672. A little tree, 8 ft. high ; at 
Capopa, notin fl. Dec. 1855. No. 4673. Nuts of Cola. Cou. Carp. 282. 

IsLAND oF Sr. THomas.—In flower-bud Dec. 1860; called “ Cola.” 
No. 4677. 

SrerrRA LEoNE.—F'I. Sept. 1853 ; perhaps var. B. (Sterculia macrocarpa 
G. Don Gen, Syst. i. p. 515, 1831). No. 4676. 


The next two Nos. differ by their more oblong leaves rounded 
at the base, and may belong to a different species :— 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—Capopa, Aug. 1856; branch with foliage. No. 4674. 
A shrub or little tree, 10 to 12 ft. high ; branches rather erect ; branch- 
lets green ; habit of Lawrus or of Mangifera; leaves coriaceous, ever- 
green, with the petiole much swollen at the base of the blade and twice 
jointed—namely, there and at its insertion ; about the spring at Capopa 
in Sobato de Bumba ; not yet seen in flower, July 1855. No. 4675. 

According to a note amongst Welwitsch’s mss. the expanded flowers 
of this tree possess a vinous-aromatic odour, which, however, after 
complete fecundation, becomes fetid and almost excremental. The 
plant is both indigenous and cultivated in the mountainous districts, 
and affords a lucrative article of export to Brazil. 


2. E. caricefolia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 79 (1891). ~ 
Cola Afzelii Masters, l.c., p. 223. 


GoLunGco AutTo.—A slender little tree, with branches forming a 
leafy crown, never seen by Welwitsch in flower; leaves like in habit 
those of some Euphorbiaceze. At the skirts of primitive forests, near 
Sange, Dec. 1855. No. 4680. Apparently belonging to this species, 
although the leaf differs from those of Brown’s types by the absence 
of ferruginous spreading hairs on the principal nerves near the base 


Edwardia| XXIV. STERCULIACES. 85 


and on the upper part of the petiole. The description given by 
Masters of his Cola <Afzelii states that the flowers are arranged in 
short terminal clusters, whereas Brown’s diagnosis gives the flowers 
as cauline. 


3. E. heterophylla O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 79 (1891). 
Cola heterophylla H. Schott & Endl., Meletemata Bot. p. 33 
(1832); Masters, le, p. 223. 


GoLUNGO ALTO and CazENGO.—A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high or more 
when growing in primitive forests, or about villages usually a shrub of 
12 to 15 ft., evergreen, with coriaceous leaves very variable in form. 
Flowers dicecious, honey scented ; calyx whether of the male or female 
plant cyathiform or urceolate-campanulate, cleft one-third way down in 
4 or 5, usually 4, ovate-triangular lobes, at first erect, after fecundation 
reflected at the apex ; staminal tube short, a little constricted in the 
middle, with yellow densely heaped-together anthers, In the female 
flower the staminal tube is very shortly concrete with the carpophore ; 
anthers large, whitish, empty, surrounding like a girdle the base of the 
densely pilose germen. Germen spherical, beset all over with rigid 
ashy very dense hairs ; style very short, crowned with 5 or occasionally 
6 scarlet capituliform stigmas, which spread radiately and are in some 
cases quite connate, and in others more loosely so. Fruit brilliantly 
velvety-scarlet ; follicles 5 (1 to 6), sessile, spreading in a stellate 
manner, more or less boat-shaped, filled with an orange-coloured agree- 
able acidulous pulp which encloses a few seeds. Abundant in tall 
thickets and moist forests; fl. Dec. and July, fr. in May 1854, 1855. 
Native name “ Mabuinguiri.” No. 4678. A small tree of 15 to 25 ft., 
with erect branches, leafy at the apex; flowers tetramerous ; fruit 
orange-scarlet, edible, as large as a peach ; sporadic in the more ele- 
vated forests of Sovado de Quilombo and Bango; female fl. end of 
Feb. and ripe fr, in March. No. 4679. Cou. Carp. 283. 

See Welwitsch, Apontamentos, p. 559. 

4, ASSONIA Cav. Diss. ii. App. (1786) and iii. p. 120, t. 42 (1787). 

Dombeya Cav. (1786), Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 221, 
non L’Herit. (1784). 

1. A. reticulata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 76 (1891). 

Dombeya reticulata Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 228. 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—FI. Nos. 4732, 4733. In No. 4732 the in- 
florescence much resembles in form that of D. reticulata Masters, but 
the peduncles had not yet become glabrous, and the cordiform-ovate 
leaves are not attached to the following branch. No. 4733 is repre- 
sented by fragments of a leaf and inflorescence, but they may, perhaps, 
belong to this species. In each No. the style is trifid. 

2. A. huillensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A little bushy tree, with dark-ashy glabrate branches, and 
somewhat velvety branchlets more or less clothed with pale-tawny 
stellate-hairy tomentum. Leaves ovate or cordiform, obtuse or 
subacute at the apex, cordate at the base, not distinctly lobed, 
irregularly dentate, thickly coriaceous, rather rugose and rough 
with stellate hairs above, more closely covered with stellate pale- 
tawny hairs beneath, 5-7-nerved at the base, rather strongly 
reticulate, 2 to 6 in. long by 12 to 42 in. wide; petiole velvety, 
2 to 11 in. long; stipules lanceolate-linear, acute, ; in. long, 
deciduous. Inflorescence pilose with very pale-tawny branched 


86 XXIV. STERCULIACEZ. [A ssonia 


hairs, axillary in the axils of the upper leaves or lateral on the 
young shoots before the appearance of the leaves, repeatedly 
forked, many-flowered, sometimes with a single flower in a fork, 
14 to 2 in. long; pedicels ranging up to 3 in. long, mostly short ; 
bracteoles small, deciduous. Flowers white, nearly 4 in. long; 
calyx-segments lanceolate, stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside, 
nearly 7 in. long; petals broad, white; stamens united only near 
the base, fertile ones 15?; styles divided into 3 branches nearly 
from the base; ovary hairy. 

Hvuiiia.—At the skirts of forests, in the road leading towards 
Quipungo ; in flower without leaves in May 1860, in leaf at the end of 
May 1860. No. 4726. Very abundant in the drier forests, every where 
around Lopollo, with white flowers and with foliage at the end of 
May 1860. No. 4727. In the rocky wooded parts of Morro de Lopollo ; 
a little low tree, in leaf without flowers, March 1860. No. 4728. 

This species differs from Xeropetalum multifiorum Endl. by the pilose 
and more crowded inflorescence with broader petals ; the leaves also are 
much larger, but the increased size is perhaps explained by their being 
fully developed in our specimens, but young in those seen by Endlicher. 


3. A. cuanzensis Hiern. 

Dombeya (Xeropetalum) cuwanzensis Welw. ex Ficalho, Pl. Ut. 
p. 109 (1884). 

A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high or occasionally more ; trunk, § to 
1 ft. in diameter near the base ; bark deeply rimose, very rough ; 
branches patently divaricate, tortuous ; branches leafy, especially 
towards the apex. Leaves sub-orbicular or cordiform, often 
slightly 3-lobed near the apex, rounded or obtuse at the apex, 
more or less deeply cordate at the base, irregularly dentate or 
sometimes sinuous-lobulate, firmly coriaceous, stellate-hairy espe- 
cially beneath, becoming harsh above, about 9-nerved at the base, 
4 to 8 in. long by 4 to 63 in. wide, crowded at the extremities of 
the branchlets ; petiole more or less tomentose with pallid shaggy 
and stellate hairs, 1 to 5 in. long; stipules ovate, hairy outside, 
3 to 3 in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence shaggy-tomentose with 
pale hairs, much branched, corymbosely cymose, sub-terminal 
near the tips of the branchlets, 4 to 6in. in diameter, many- 
flowered ; peduncle 2 to 4 in. long; pedicels ranging up to 3 in. 
long; bracteoles very narrow, deciduous, hairy. Flowers her- 
maphrodite, often more or less drooping, 5 to 2in. long; calyx 
shaggy outside, glabrous inside, 7 in. long, deeply and unequally 
cleft, lobes lanceolate or ovate, valvate ; calycine bracts narrow, 
deciduous; corolla, 4 to 1 in. in diameter, glabrous, brightly 
white, petals 5, unequal-sided, broadly obovate, sinistrorsely con- 
torted in estivation; stamens 20, united only near the base, 
15 fertile and 5 sterile, the latter the longer, 3 fertile ones alter- 
nating with 1 sterile, anthers introrse; style 3-4-cleft not more 
than half-way down, lobes stigmatose on the inner side. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Very abundant in open woods along the banks. 
of the river Cuanza, from Sansamanda as far as Condo ; in fl. and 
leaf 1 May 1857. Native name “ Mututu” or “Catutu.” No. 4735. 
Calunda, Jan. 1857 ; leafy shoots, apparently belonging here. No. 4736. 


Assonia | XXIV, STERCULIACEZ. 87 


4. A. Burgessie O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. i. p. 76 (1891); Dombeya 
Burgessue Gerr. ex Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 590 
(1862); Masters, /.c., p. 228; var. crenulata. 

D. Burgessie var. crenulata Szyszlowicz in Rozpr. Spraw. Pos. 
Wydz. mat.-przyr. xvii. p. 137 (Cracow, 1888). 

HuiLtia.—A_ bush or tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with erect-patent 
branches leafy at the extremities; in the more elevated forests of 
Serra da Xella and near Mumpulla, June 1860. (Umbel about 
15-flowered.) No. 4731. 


5. A. Mastersii O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 76 (1891). 

D. Mastersii Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5639 (1867); Masters, 
lc., p. 228. 

AmpBaca.—A bush, 12 to 15 ft. high; branches long, lax, leafy at 
the apex ; flowers white, June (8), 1857; behind the stream where 
Welwitsch collected seeds, Oct. 1856. No. 4737. Cultivated in 
Lisbon from seeds collected in the district of Ambaca in 1856; a 
leafy shoot, without flowers. No. 4738. Sporadic by rivulets in 
thickets between the river Lucalaand Zamba ; fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4739, 
Ripe fruit with seeds. CoLuL. Carp. 285. 


6. A. sparmannioides Hiern, sp. n. 

A shrub of 5 to 10 ft. in height, with the habit of a Sparmannia, 
or perhaps a tree, with lax rather erect glabrescent fuscous 
branches ; branchlets subterete, scattered with long hairs branched 
at the base. Leaves long-stalked, di-poly-morphous, mostly with 
3 not deep lobes, middle lobe usually deltoid acute, larger than 
the lateral lobes, irregularly crenate-dentate, cordiform towards 
the base, submembranous (when recently developed), thinly scat- 
tered with appressed not stelliform hairs on both surfaces, 3 to 
6 in. long by 23 to 6 in. wide; petiole 14 to 5 in. long, hirsute 
with spreading hairs; stipules narrow, hairy, deciduous. Inflo- 
rescence umbelliform, about 3 in. in diam., hirsute in the upper 
axils, about 15-flowered; peduncle 17 to 12 in. long; pedicels 
about # in. long, clothed with long spreading hairs; flowers 
wbout 4 to 2 in. long, 1 to 1} in. in diam., of a whitish-rose- 
colour ; bracts lanceolate, hairy, deciduous; calyx 3 in. long, hairy 
outside, glabrous inside, lobes lanceolate, 2 in. long, at length 
reflexed, persistent; petals broadly obovate, scarious, persistent, 
white except the rose-coloured inside of the base, turning brown 
after flowering; stamens 15 to 20, of which 5 are sterile longer 
and ligulate, united at the base into a shallow rose-coloured cup; 
style firm, red, divided at the apex into 5 stigmas reflected in a 
circinate manner; ovary 5-celled, densely clothed with whitish 
_hirsute hairs, cells few-ovuled. 

GoLuNGoO ALTo.—Sporadic on the bushy slopes of Cacarambolo ; 
fl. end of July 1855, with recently developed foliage in Jan. 1856, and 
in flower-bud in June 1856. No. 4734. In fruit, perhaps not quite 
ripe. CoLu. Carp. 284. 

Nearly related to A. Schimperiana, but without the patch of rufous 
hairs which is found at the junction of the blade of the leaf with the 
petiole in the case of the latter, and the staminal tube is shorter. 


88 XXIV. STERCULIACEA, [A ssonta 


7. A. Schimperiana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. p. 76 (1891). 

Dombeya Schimperiana A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1. p. 78, 
t. 19 (1847); Masters, /.c., p. 229. 

Var. (2) lobulata. 

Leaves shortly 3-5-lobed, 8 to 10 in. long by 7 to 9 in. wide, 
more or less stellate-hairy on both sides, petiole 53 to 7} in. long, 
stipules not persistent. 

Bumpo.—A tree ; in the primitive forests of Serra da Xella, fl. June 
1860. No. 4729. 


Hvriia.—Between the top of Serra da Xella and Mumpulla, fr. 
Oct. 1859. No. 4730. 


5. MELHANIA Forsk.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 222. 


1. M. ferruginea A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 76; Masters 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 231. 


Hvur.a.—A little shrub, 2 ft. high, very sparingly branched, with 
yellow flowers ; peduncles never seen by Welwitsch bearing only one 
flower ; rare, in shrubby places along the stream of Monino ; fl, April 
1860. No. 4741. 


2. M. Forbesii Planchon ex Masters, /.c., p. 231. 


Loanpsa.—In some cases a shrub of 3 ft. in height, and in other 
cases almost an herbaceous plant of as many inches ; uncommon, in 
bushy stations about the swamps of Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. beginning of 
May 1854. No. 4743. Cox. Carp. 288. A little shrub, 1 to 2 ft. 
high, sparingly branched, or sometimes an herbaceous annual already 
flowering and fruiting ; petals of a sulphur-yellow colour, soon turning 
almost saffron-yellow ; in hilly shortly-bushy stations about swamps 
and marshes; very rare and only found near Quicuxe; fl. and fr. end 
of April 1858. No. 4742. Fl. and fr. July 1860. Co.z. Carp. 286. 


3. M. incana Heyne ex Wallich List, n. 1200 (1828); var. 
albiflora. : 

A little low shrub branched from the base ; branches ascending ; 
flowers white, rather large for the genus. (Root 8 in. long; 
branch 6 in. long, nearly simple.) | 

MossaMEDES.—In sandy stations near the river Bero, very scarce ; 
fl. and fr. end of July 1859. No. 4740. The species, of which 


Welwitsch’s No. is considered to be a variety, scarcely differs from 
M. abyssinica A. Rich. 


6. HERMANNIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 223. 


1. H. tigrensis Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. sect. 1. n. 812 ; 
A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 74. tab. 17 (tigreensis) (1847) ; 
Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 233. 

Ampaca.—A tender villous annual herb, nearly 2 ft. high ; petiole 
bistipulate ; in flooded stations about to become dry, on the left bank 
of the river Caringa, sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4699. 

Gotunco ALTo.—A little annual herb, prostrate or ascending, 
rather pilose, much branched divaricately ; leaves serrate-dentate, 
with 2 stipules; flowers of a paler or deeper yellowish colour; in 
rather moist sandy stations, and also in drier places, between Trombeta 


Hermannia| XXIV. STERCULIACES. 89 


and Cambondo, and in sparingly grassy spots near Luinha, not un- 
common ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4700. 

Pungo ANDoNGo.—An erect annual herb, a foot high, branched 
from the base; in rather moist wooded meadows, between Pedras 
de Guinga and Candumba; in leaf and not yet in flower March 1857. 
No. 4701. An annual much-branched diffuse herb, with small yellow 
flowers and the habit almost of an Evolvulus ; in the bushy sparingly 
grassy parts of Calundo in the fortress of Pungo Andongo, abundant ; 
fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 4702. At the sandy skirts of forests 
between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 4708. 

HvuiLia.—Catumba ; fl. and fr. 4 April 1860. No. 4705. 


2. H. viscosa Hiern, sp. n. 


A rigid glandular-viscid intricately branched or distorted low 
undershrub; stems | to 2 ft. long, ascending, glabrate and dark- 
ashy below, hairy and glandular-viscid above. Leaves oval or 
oval-oblong, more or less rounded at both ends, serrate-dentate 
except near the 3-nerved base, stellate-hairy and often glandular- 
viscid on both surfaces, 3 to 1} in. long by } to 2 in. wide; petiole 
3 to 3 in. long, glandular-viscid; lanceolate-linear, 3 in. long. 
Flowers mostly in the axil of the upper leaves, arranged in terminal 
leafy racemes, of a violet-rose colour, turning almost purple, 3 in. 
long; peduncles or pedicels 3 to 4 in., more or less glandular- 
viscid, often bracteolate and bent at the joint. Calyx + in. long, 
deeply 5-lobed, hairy and glandular-viscid outside, glabrous inside ; 
lobes linear-lanceolate, acute. Petals obovate, obtuse, glabrous, 
shorter than the calyx, dextrorsely contorted in estivation as 
regarded from within. Stamens about as long as the calyx; 
anthers somewhat hairy, longer than the filaments which are 
dilated above. Style glabrous above, hairy in the lower part, 
rather exceeding the anthers ; ovary glabrous below, hairy towards 
the apex. Fruit about j in. long; carpels 5, each with 2 patent 
horns. 

Hvi1Lia.—In flower and fruit. No. 4704. 

MossAMEDES.—On the red sandstone rocks of the Boca do Bera ; 
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 4709. On the sides of the mountains of 
Serra de Montes Negros ; fr. 10 August 1859. No. 4710. 


3. H. arabica Hochst. et Steud. in Pl. Schimp. n. 928 (Unio 
itiner. 1837), & ex Fischer Meyer et Avé-Lall. Ind. Sem. Petropol 
vi. Animadyv. Bot. p. 9, n. 1279 (1840). 

H. filipes Harv. in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. p. 206 (1859-60) 
apud Masters, l.c., p. 232. H. modesta Masters, l.c., p. 232. 


Bumso.—In fields after crops of Arachis hypogea L., near Bumbo ; 
fr. and late fl., most of the petals having fallen, Oct. 1859. No. 4706. 

BENGUELLA.—An annual slender rather rigid herb, much branched 
from the base upwards ; flowers red-purple ; very abundant in open 
sandy stations around the city of Benguella ; in fruit and with a few 
flowers, June 1859. No. 4707. 

MossaMEDES.—An annual herb, prostrate or ascending, branched 
from the base, scarcely 3 in. high; flowers pendulous, of a pleasant 
deep red-carmine colour ; in dry sandy hilly stations at Saco de Giraul, 
also near S. Antonio; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 4708, An erect or 


90 XXIV. STERCULIACEZ. | Hermannia 


ascending viscid annual herb, with bright carmine flowers; in sandy 
stations near the banks of the river Bero; fl. and fr. July 1859. 
No. 4711. An erect or ascending, viscid, much branched, annual or 
biennial herb, with very elegant purple-vermilion flowers simulating 
those of an Anagallis; in sandy shortly-bushy stations and at the 
skirts of small woods, near Mata de Carpenteiros ; fl. and fr., 1859. 
No. 4712. 

The species as here treated has its characters enlarged, and it 
includes fH. (Acicarpus) filipes Harv. var. elatior K. Schumann in 
Verhandl. Bot. Brandenb. xxx. p. 235 (1888) ; Welwitsch’s specimens 
appear to render this course imperative. 


7. MELOCHIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 223. 


1. M. corchorifolia L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 675 (1753); Masters 
in Oliv. Pl; Trop: Afr: 1. p. 236. 

IcoLo E BENGo.—In palm-groves near the river Bengo; fr. Dec. 
1853. No. 4716. Cou. Carp. 268. 

Liponco.—<An undershrub, 14 ft. high, with the habit of a Waltheria, 
branched in an ascending manner from the base, the primary stem 
erect, the branches gradually shorter from the base towards the apex ; 
leaves bi-stipulate ; flowers crowded in terminal heads, whitish, yellow 
when dry ; capsules 5-6-angled, 5-6-seeded ; abundant, but seen only 
in one station at the marshy margins of a dried-up lake on the left 
bank of the river Lifune, in company with Azolla pinnata Br., ete. ; 
fl. and fr. middle of Sept. 1858. No. 4717. 

2. M. crinita Br. ms. in Herb. Mus. Brit. 

Cf. MW. melissifolia, Masters, l.c., p. 236, non MW. melissefolia 
Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 129 (1841). 

An undershrub, 14 to 24 ft. high; stems erect, branched ; 
branches terete, glabrescent or pubescent both with long spreading 
hairs and with short stellate hairs towards the apex ; internodes 
short or ranging up to 13 inch; leaves ovate, the lower ones 
rounder and the upper ones narrower, obtusely or rather acutely 
narrowed at the apex and rounded or truncate at the base, 
crenate-serrate or serrate on the margins, glabrescent except along 
the nerves or thinly scattered with simple appressed hairs, green 
on both surfaces, rather thin, 3 to 2 in. long by j to 1 in. wide; 
petiole ranging up to 3 in. long, pubescent ; stipules narrowly lan- 
ceolate, deciduous, shorter than the petiole ; inflorescence axillary 
and subterminal, short, dense, pubescent, bracteate ; bracts nar- 
rowly lanceolate, acute, unequal, pubescent with long spreading 
hairs, all shorter than the petals; flowers whitish, sessile or sub- 
sessile, 3in. long ; calyx + in. long, membranous, thinly pubescent ; 
lobes from a broad base subulate, short ; petals narrowly obovate, 
2 in. long, glabrous ; stamens } in. long, glabrous, exceeding the 
style-branches ; filaments slender upwards, united at the base 
for nearly half their length ; anthers narrowly lanceolate-oblong, 
zy in. long. Pistil + in. long; ovary hairy, terminated by a 
deeply 5-parted glabrous style; fruit subglobose, small, somewhat 
hairy, terminated by the remains of the style. 

AmpBriz.—In marshes near Mossul; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 4715. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—FI. and fr. No. 4718. 


Melochia| XXIV. STERCULIACES. 91 


3. M. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

Apparently a robust almost shrubby herb, divaricately branched ; 
branchlets shaggy with long spreading hairs. Upper internodes 
ranging up to 2 in. long, mostly shorter than the leaves. Leaves 
ovate, the upper ones rather narrowly so, rather acute at the 
apex, rounded truncate or somewhat cordate at the base, serrate, 
scattered with appressed hairs on both surfaces, thin, 1 to 44 in. 
long by 3 to 3 in. wide; petiole shaggy with long spreading hairs, 
ranging up to 14 in. long; stipules linear-lanceolate, 3 in. long. 
Inflorescence axillary and subterminal, short, crowded ; pedicels. 
very short ; bracteoles linear-filiform, long-ciliate, 3 to 2 in. long. 
Flowers white, 3 in. long; calyx % in. long, campanulate, thinly 
pilose, shortly 5-cleft ; lobes from a broad base subulate. Petals 
obovate, glabrous, 3 in. long. Stamens ? in. long, glabrous, falling 
short of the style-branches; filaments united for most of their 
length into a tube, adhering to the petals at the base; anthers 
oblong, about 4, inch long. Pistil $ in. long; ovary with long 
erect hairs below the deeply 5-lobed style. Fruit subglobose, 4 in. 
in diam., pilose, tipped with the remains of the style, longitudinally 
5-furrowed, loculicidal. Seeds glabrous, ;'5 in. long. 

CazENGO.—In marshes by the small lake Logda do Moambege, near 
Dalatando ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4719. 


8, LEPTONYCHIA Turcz.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 237. 
1. L. urophylla Welw. ex Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 238. 


Gotunco ALTo.—An evergreen shrub, 3 to 43 ft. high, occasionally 
attaining 6 ft., with patent branches; leaves coriaceous or chartaceous- 
membranous, rather hard, dull-green but little glossy and with 
impressed nerves above, very bright green, glossy and with raised 
nerves below ; flowers greenish, hermaphrodite; calyx pentagonal- 
cylindrical, sepals 5, valvate in estivation, deciduous; petals 5, alternate 
to and much shorter than the sepals, obovate-circular, whitish, tomen- 
tellous, erect, rather concave, somewhat cohering at their margins ; 
capsule obovoid-clavate or clavate, of the size of a large hazel-nut, 
grey-tomentose all over, 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved. In the elevated dense 
very shady primitive forests of the Sobato de Bumba and of Quilombo, 
especially about Fontes de Capopa, abundant ; fl. Jan. and beginning 
of August 1855. No. 1365. 


9. WALTHERIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 224. 


1. W. americana L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 673 (1753); Masters in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 235. 


Loanpa.—A_ perennial herb, with woody many-headed rootstock, 
erect branched virgate branches, and yellow flowers turning dark- 
purple in drying; on dry and rocky bushy plains, towards the south 
of the Loanda district, at Museque de Luiz Gomes, abundant; fl. July 
and August 1854. No. 4724. <A branched undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, 
with polymorphous leaves; in dry flat fields, almost everywhere 
throughout the district, abundant ; at Imbondeiro dos Lobos, in flower- 
bud, March 1858. Nos. 4714, 4723. 

Lizonco.—An undershrub, 2 to 34 ft. high ; stems czspitose at the. 
base, afterwards virgately branched ; flowers yellow ; in rather moist 
thickets, at the banks of the river Lifune ; fl. Sept. 1858. No. 4722. 


92 XXIV. STERCULIACEA, | Waltheria 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A shrubby herb, branched from the base, 2 to 3 ft. 
high, erect ; flowers yellow, at length fuscous when withering ; in rather 
dry open stations, near Canatilo, by the Ambaca road ; fl. and immature 
fr. beginning of June 1856. No. 4721. About Sange, fl. No. 4720. 

HviILuia.—An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, with numerous stems and 
yellow flowers ; in rather moist thickets, near Humpata, sporadic ; fl. 
April 1859. No. 4725. 


Theobroma Cacao L.—PRINCE’S IsLAND.—A small cultivated tree, 
8 to 10 ft. high, with spreading branches ; frequently cultivated in 
shady woods at elevations ranging from 300 up to 2000 ft. above sea- 
level ; with ripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 4713. Cou. Carp, 287. 


10. BYTTNERIA L. in P. Loefling Iter Hispan. p. 313 (1758) ; 
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 225 (Buettneria). 


1. B. africana Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 239 
(Buettneria); var.? angolensis. 

GoLuNGOo ALTO.—An undershrub, woody at the base, climbing to 
a considerable height, and herbaceous above after the manner of a 
Dioscorea ; leaves of a deep-green hue, glossy on both sides ; flowers 
hermaphrodite ; petals 5, white; stamens 5, opposite to the petals, 
situate in recesses of the urceolate disk, included, anthers 5; stigma 
hyaline, peltate, 6-lobed or 6-rayed; fruit as large as a good-sized walnut, 
nearly 1 in. in diameter, densely and rigidly echinate outside, very 
hard, spherical. In the primitive forests of Sobato de Quilombo- 
Quiacatubia, alongside the river Muio, fl. Feb. 1855; Queta, fr. end 
of Dec. 1856. No. 351. 


XXV. TILIACEAE. 


The Tiliaceze, which embrace some of the most widely distributed 
plants in the Flora of Angola, occur for the most part only as 
bushes or herbaceous plants; during his travels in Angola and 
Benguella, Welwitsch never met with those genera, which nearer 
the Equator are represented by regular tree-forms ; he thought, 
however, that on closer investigation such might be found in the 
more northern Congo district. It is a remarkable phenomenon 
that Tiliaceee throughout the North Temperate Zone consist of 
trees; while the species which occur in tropical regions, especially 
in Africa, consist mostly of shrubs and frequently of herbaceous . 
plants, the contrary relation of which holds in the case of most 
other Natural Orders. 

The Tiliaceze increase gradually from the coast to the interior 
of the country, not only in the number of species, but also in that 
of the individuals. The species of the genera Corchorus and 
Triumfetta are for the most part herbaceous, while those of the 
genera Grewia and Glyphea comprise only shrubby forms or 
woody climbers. The genera Corchorus and Grewia preponderate 
in the littoral districts, while the species of Zriwmfetia are espe- 
cially frequent in the region of primitive forests and high table- 
lands, and Glyphea belongs exclusively to the interior highlands, 
chiefly in secondary woods. Grewia and Triumfetta form, in 
company with Malvacex, the principal part of the underwood in 


Grewia] XXV. TILIACES. 93 


the portions of forest which are richly clothed with trees, and on 
the margins of primitive woods; and they often occur in such 
abundance that they constitute dense thickets. . 

Many species of Grewia are, on account of the great elasticity 
of their branches, used for traps and occasionally for archers’ 
bows; the elastic branches, especially those of G. pzlosa Lam., 
are employed by the negroes for the lattice-gates of their huts 
as well as for the snares which are laid within their enclosures 
for catching birds and the smaller quadrupeds. The inner bark of 
nearly all the species supplies good ropes. The berries of some 
species are eaten by the negroes, who, however, when hungry will 
eat almost anything. The species of Grewia also furnish every- 
where good firewood; when in flower they are an ornament to 
the margins of the forests, and when in fruit they appear to 
supply a delicacy to bees. 

Some of the species of Zriwmfetta present themselves in such 
innumerable varieties and forms of transition that the limitation 
of the species, and still more so the even approximately correct 
arrangement or grouping of the varieties, becomes excessively 
difficult. On this account I have given, nearly in full, Welwitsch’s 
notes; and in the determination of the species I have generally 
followed Dr. Masters. Several, with the Bundo name “ Quibosa,” 
are very useful by the tenacity of the fibres which their stems 
and inner bark furnish, and ropes are manufactured from them. 
In the mountainous districts of the interior three or four species 
are designated by this name: for example, 7. semitriloba, T. 
rhomboidea, T’. orthacantha. (See Welw. Apont. p. 559 under 
n. 138, and Synopse, p. 43, n. 119.) 

The species of Corchorus are found principally in fields formerly 
cultivated and afterwards deserted, or as weeds among field-plants, 
and congregate in dense masses in the littoral regions around the 
sandy-loamy banks of the lakes, the artificial ponds (represas), 
and the smaller stagnant pools which after the rainy season occur 
everywhere, girt by a green border of herbaceous plants. Some 
species, especially C. olitorius L., are eaten by the negroes as a 
vegetable, a fact which, however, Welwitsch particularly observed 
only in Golungo Alto and by the river Luinha in the district of 
Cazengo. If it were possible to prove that C. olitorius L., a 
species which, as has been stated, occurs very frequently in 
Golungo Alto and is eaten there as a vegetable, is not indigenous 
but introduced, Welwitsch maintained that it could have been 
introduced only from Egypt, or at least from the North-east, but 
not from America, to which continent the majority of writers 
trace back all the plants of West Tropical Africa which are 
regarded as introductions. 


1. GREWIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. 233. 
1. G. caffra Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 53 (1843) ; 
Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 244. 
Grewia (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 559, under n. 138, 


94 XXV. TILIACES. [Grewia 


Loanpa.—An elegant tree-like shrub, 6 ft. high, with the habit of 
Rhamnus Frangula L., much branched in a divaricate manner. Native 
name “ Mutamba” or “Itamba.” It furnishes material for ropes and 
bows. In the rocky maritime parts of Praia de Zamba Grande, to the 
south-west of the city of Loanda, fl. Feb. 1854. No. 1373. 


2. G. Avellana Hiern, sp. n. 

G. guazumifolia, Masters, l.c., p. 245, quoad specimen Welw., 
non Juss. 

Leaves broadly obovate-oval, subcuspidate, at the rather oblique 
base subcordate and 3-nerved, rather rough above with numerous 
elevated puberulous points, net-veined, scarcely paler and with 
less elevated puberulous points beneath, 2 to 3 by 1} to 2 in.; 
margins obtusely serrate and sub-repand ; petiole about 4 in. long, 
hairy; stipules subulate, suberect, tin. long. Hairs mostly stellate. 
Fruit-peduncle leaf-opposed, pendulous, scarcely 1 in. long, brac- 
teate at about two-thirds from the base; bracts subulate, rather 
shorter than the stipules. Fruit solitary, depresso-globose, nearly 
1 in. diam., reddish, white-purple with white hairs at the apex; 
seeds pale orange. 

HviILia.—An erect little shrub, 1 to 13 ft. high, or probably a 
secondary shoot of a stout shrub. In wooded rocky thickets in Morro 
de Lopollo, fr. middle of Dec. 1859. No. 4642. 

Represented in the British Museum by a single leaf and a drawing. 


3. G. megalocarpa P. de Beauv. Fl. d’Ow. ii. p. 69, t. 102 
(1807); Masters, /.c., p. 245. 

Hvitia.—Branches much spreading and twisting ; flowers whitish. 
In the rocky thickets of Morro de Lopollo ; in flower, in company with 
Sarcostemma, Feb. 1860, in flower and very sparingly in fruit, in com- 
pany with Xylopicrum odoratissimum O.K.; common at the beginning 
of April 1860. No.1374. A shrub, 1 ft. high, with several erect stems. 
In the elevated shortly bushy pastures of Empalanca, between Lopollo 
and Humpata, fl. April 1860. No. 1381. A shrub, } to 5 ft. high; 
flower white, large ; fruit red; Feb. 1860. CoLu. CARP. 289. 


4. G. lasioclada Welw. ms. 

G. inequilateru Masters, l.c., p. 245, pro parte, non Garcke. 

A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high; branches spreading, subglabrescent, 
towards the extremities clothed with pale-tawny woolly-cottony 
fringed or stelliform hairs; leaves oval- or obovate-oblong, shortly 
acute or obtuse at the apex, obtuse rounded or truncate and 
very oblique at the base, subglabrate (except the nerves) above, 
pale and closely beset with short stellate hairs beneath, thinly 
coriaceous, 2 to 3 in. long by 1 to 1% in. broad, serrulate with 
the serrations quasi gland-typed; petiole + to } in. long, hairy ; 
stipules 4 in. long, subulate at the apex, dilated about the middle, 
narrowed at the base, hairy on the back, deciduous; peduncles 
axillary, solitary or 2 or 3 together, hairy like the branchlets 
and petioles, # to 1 in. long, bearing about 3 short pedicels at the 
apex and one or more ovate bracteoles 3 to } in. long; pedicels 
1 in. long or less; flowers yellow, rather large and fleshy; sepals 


Za 
linear-oblong, 4 to 2 in. wide; petals broadly obovate, notched at 


Grewia| XXV. TILIACE. 95 


the apex, half as long as the sepals; andreecium nearly equalling 
the calyx, shorter than the glabrous shortly lobed style. 


BumsBo.—Among shrubs half-way up the mountains of Serra da 
Xella, at Cha6é da Xella, sporadic ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1382. 

The following probably belong here :— 

AmeBriz.—In rocky bushy places between Ambriz and Quisembo, 
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1372. 

Loanpa.—A small tree, branched from the base ; branches elongate, 
spreading ; branchlets virgate ; or a robust shrub with habit of an Alnus, 
6 to 8 ft. high ; leaves rather hard-membranous; flowers yellow. In 
damp thickets between Quicuxe and Mutollo, fl. May 1854 ; and near 
Quicuxe, fl. end of July 1858. No. 1371. Flowers deep yellow, fruits 
dull red. Among shrubs in the island of Cazanga, near Morro da 
Cruz (St. Catherina) ; fl. and fr. March 1858. No. 13710. An almost 
prostrate shrub of 1 to 2 ft. In dry rocky somewhat bushy places near 
Bemposta ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 1371c. 

GoLunco ALTo.—A shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, czespitose ; perhaps fresh 
shoots from the stock of a little tree. At the banks of the river 
Luinha, in secondary thickets ; without either flowers or fruits, July 


1856. Nos. 4643, 6726. 


5. G. Chadara Lam. Encyl. Méth. iii. p. 44 (1789). 
G. populifolia Vahi.; Masters, /.c., p. 246. 


Bumso.—A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, remarkably resembling Betula, 
much branched ; branches sarmentose ; fruit brick-red. In thickets at 
the borders of woods of Leguminose (‘ Unteate’’), near Bumbo, 
15° S. Lat., in ripe fruit, June 1860. No. 1378. 


6. G. carpinifolia Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. iv. p. 91, t. 51, f. 1 
(1804); Masters, J.c., p. 247. 


G. pilosa Masters, l.c., p. 250, pro parte, non Lam. 


GoLtuNGo ALTo.—A much-branched shrub, 6 ft. high; branchlets 
thin, virgate ; flowers yellow ; rather rare by thickets near Camilungo, 
fl. March 1855. No. 1376. A slender shrub or rarely a little tree, 
4 to 15 ft. high, divaricately branched ; younger stem and branches 
sub-cylindrical, densely verrucose ; adult trunk obtusely quadrangular, 
deeply 4-furrowed, 8 to 12 in. diam. ; spines strong, very hard, some- 
times deflexed ; branches and branchlets very slender, horizontally 
scandent ; flowers saffron-yellow, rather small; frequent in secondary 
woods and thickets, cane-beds, etc., about Sange, Bango Aquitamba, 
Mussengue, etc., fl. and fr. April 1855, April, June and August 1856. 
Nos. 1369, 6727. 

CazENGO.—A shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high; in the primitive woods of 
Cambondo, fr. June 1855. No. 4644. 

Puneo ANDONGO.—Sporadic in thickets by the roadside leading from 
the fortress towards Cambambe, fl. April 1857. No. 1370. 


7. G. miniata Mast. ms. in Study set. 

G. cyclopetala Masters in Oliv., J.c., p. 248, non Wawra in 
Wawra et Peyr. Sert. Beng. p. 18 (1860). 

Bumso.—A twisted shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves green above, white 
beneath ; fruits cinnabar-red. In thickets at the borders of woods of 
“Unteate,” near Bumbo, by the roadside leading to Quitibe de Cima ; 
sparingly in fruit June 1860. No. 1877. 

It differs from Wawra’s species, to which Dr. Masters had referred 


96 XXV. TILIACEZ. [Grewia 


it, by the smooth not scabrid branches, by the same difference in the 
upper surface, and by the broader shape, of the leaves, by the red and 
3-celled, not white and 6-celled fruit, etc. 


8. G. herbacea Welw. ms. in Herb. 

G. venusta Masters, l.c., p. 249, quoad specimen Welw., non 
Fresen. 

A perennial herb, 1 to 4 ft. high, sometimes becoming some- 
what shrubby, especially after the flowering and fruiting when 
the leaves have fallen; stems several from the woody rootstock, 
erect, sparingly branched or simple, more or less beset with stellate 
hairs or glabrate ; leaves suborbicular or somewhat ovate, rounded 
or subapiculate at the apex, cordate or unequally rounded at the 
base, irregularly dentate, thinly coriaceous, palmately 5-7-nérved, 
venulose, scabrid above, more or less tomentose-hispid and some- 
what tawny beneath, 2 to 6 in. long by 12 to 43 in. broad; petiole 
tomentose-hispid or hispid, + to 1 in. long; stipules deciduous ; 
inflorescence axillary, compact, shorter than or scarcely as long 
as the petiole, ? to 14 in. in diam., tomentose-hispid with tawny 
hairs; common peduncle very short; pedicels short or ranging up 
to 4 in. long; flowers numerous, yellow; sepals spathulate, 7 in. 
long; petals narrowly elliptical, + in. long; stamens about equalling 
the sepals; ovary pilose-hispid; style glabrous, shorter than the 
petals, cleft at the tip; drupe turning red, 4-lobed ; lobes 2-seeded. 

Punco ANnponGco.—Abundant, especially in sandy thickets, fl. Jan. 
(near Caghuy) and Feb., fr. April to Oct. 1857. No. 1368. 

Nearly related to G. villosa Willd. It is the herbaceous Grewia 
mentioned by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Soe. ii. p. 153. 


9. G. villosa Willd. in Ges. Nat. Fr. Berl. Neue Schr. iv. p. 205 
(1803); Masters, J.c., p. 249; non Heyne. 


Bumpgo.—A rigid shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high; branches and branchlets 
divaricate ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, nearly orbicular, sulcate-sculptured 
above. Sporadic in bushy places between Bumbo and Quitibe de Cima, 
with leaves nearly deciduous but without either fl. or fr. June 1860. 
No. 1380. This determination is doubtful. 


10. G. pubescens P. de Beauv. Fl. d’Owar. ii. p. 76, t. 108 
(1807); Masters, l.c., p. 250. 
The following specimens apparently belong to this species :— 


Bumpo.—An erect shrub, 4 ft. high, at the time of gathering mostly 
without leaves, but with a few flowers and young leaves. Among 
shrubs, half way up the Serra da Xella, at Chad da Xella, Oct. 1859. 
No. 1387. 

Huiitia.—A shrub, 2 to 4 in. high, cespitosely branched, dwarf on 
account of the annual burning of the country. In short and sparse 
thickets, between Nene and Lopollo, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1388. A shrub, 
2 to 3 ft. high; stems several from one rhizome ; branches patently 
diverging ; flowers whitish. Among low shrub, in rocky places, in 
Morro de Lopollo, fl. Jan. 1860. No. 1379. 


11. G. pilosa Lam. Encycl. Méth. iii. p. 43 (1789), excl. syn. ; 
Masters, l.c., p. 250, pro parte. 


Grewia | XXV, TILIACES. 97 


Hvuitia.—A shrub of 4 to 6 ft., with quite patent and often sar- 
mentose branches, distichous leaves, and yellow flowers. In the more 
elevated shrubby places, at the base of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and young 
fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 1375. 


12. G. angolensis Welw. ex Masters, lc., p. 251. 


GotunGo AttTo.—Fruit pale brick-red. Not uncommon at the 
margins of woods, about Sange and Bango Aquitamba, fl. Dec. 1855 
and April 1856, fr. June and August 1856. No. 1383. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A small tree or arborescent shrub of 7 ft. ; 
branches patent, long-virgate, the lower ones almost sarmentose, the 
upper ones shorter and flowering ; flowers whitish-yellowish. In tall- 
ae) places between the fortress and Sobato Quilanga, fl. Jan. 1857. 

o. 1384. 


13. G. floribunda Masters in Oliv., l.c., p. 252; non Wall. 


GoLtuNnGo ALTro.—An arborescent shrub or small tree, 6 to 15 ft. high ; 
trunk 4 to 6 in. in diam. ; branches numerous, rather spreading ; flowers 
abundant, whitish, turning to a pale sulphur colour. Endocarp fibrous. 
In wooded thickets of the mountains of Zengas de Queta, Capopa, etc., 
fl. and fr. June 1855, March to July 1856. No. 1885. 

Pungo ANDoNGo.—A handsome shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high, with whitish 
flowers. Sporadic in mixed secondary woods between the fortress and 
Luxillo, fl. and young fr. April 1857. No. 1386. 

Apparently the same species as G. africana Masters in Oliv., L.c., 
p- 253, non Miller. 


2. TRIUMFETTA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 234. 

1. T. Welwitschii Masters in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, 1. p. 255. 

Punco ANDoNGOo.—A precocious perennial herb ; stems several from 
a woody root-stock, erect, 1 to 3 ft. high, with the habit (when in leaf) 
of Helichrysum or Epilobiwm, simple or branched above; flowers 
yellow ; capsules bright red, somewhat juicy; prickles setaceous, 
slender, soft, patently pilose. Frequent in stony pastures and in 
rather dry bushy places, from the river Lutete to Candumba, fl. Jan. 
and Feb. 1857, fr. (scarce) Sept. and Oct. 1856. No. 1414. 


2. T. geoides Welw. ex Masters, J.c, p. 256. 

HviLia.—A precocious undershrub, from a few inches to scarcely a 
foot in height. Sporadic and rather rare in rather dry shortly bushy 
pastures near Lopollo, in company with Basananthe nummularia Welw. 
and with species of Thesium and Thymeleacee, fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859, 
fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 1413. 


3. T. annua L. Mant. Pl, (i.) p. 73 (1767) ; Masters, l.c., p. 256. 

Punco ANnponGo.—Flowers very small, of a deep orange colour. 
Rather rare in rocky thickets by Mata de Pungo, fl. (few) and fr. Jan. 
1857. No. 1407. 

HvILia.—Sparingly in rather open woods between Lopollo and 
Monino, fl. and young fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1408. 


4. T.semitriloba Jacq. Pl. Carib. p. 22 (1760); Mast., Z.c., p. 256. 

Triumfetta (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 590, n. 80. 

Gotunco ALto.—A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high; fibre very tenacious. At 
the borders of primitive woods of Sob. de Mussengue, not far from the 
stream Quiapoze, fl, and young fr. May 1855. No. 1426. A shrub, 
4 to 7 ft. high or even more, flowers saffron-yellow. Native name 


(3 


98 XXV. TILIACEE. | Zriwmfetta 


“‘Quibosa.”’ In the primitive woods of Sob. de Mussengue, frequent, 
fl. and fr. March 1856. No. 1427. <A shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high ; stems 
cxespitosely crowded, usually erect or ascending, woody ; bark very 
tenacious, ashy-green, roughish, used for making ropes; leaves tomen- 
tose beneath ; flowers dark yellow ; anthers and filaments dull yellow ; 
prickles of the capsule hooked, armed with long hyaline pilose hairs. 
Native name “Quibosa.” In dampish thickets, at the banks of the 
river Cuango near Camilungo, etc., very common, fl. and fr. May to 
July 1856. No. 1428. Cf. Cou. Carp. 291. August. Cou. Carp. 290. 
In damp wooded places near Camilungo, Prata de Felix Simoés, fl. 
May 1855. No. 4647. 


The following, without either flower or fruit, probably belongs 
to the same species :— : 


GoL_unco ALTo.—A gigantic herb with very thick striate stem and 
very ample leaves. Native name “Quibosa.” Ropes, sacks, etc., are 
made from the fibre of its stem ; 14 Dec. 1854. No. 4648. 


5. T. pilosa Roth, Nov. Sp. p. 223 (1821); Masters, /.c., p..257. 

GoLtuNGo ALTo.—In dampish, high-grassy thickets near Undelle, fl. 
and young fr. Feb. 1855. No. 1424. An undershrub, 3 ft. high, 
patently branched (not yet fully developed) ; in wooded places near 
Quibixe, between Sange and Mussengue, fl. beginning of June 1856. 
No. 1425. A sub-herbaceous undershrub, 3 ft. high, Mussengue path, 
fl. June 1856. No. 14250. 

Punco AnponGo.—In the little woods composed of a species of 
Psidium, in the island of Calemba, in the river Cuanza, fl. 12 March 
1857. No. 1422. 

Bumso.—A herb or undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, branching widely. 
Sporadic in dampish wooded and shrubby places in Chaé da Xella, fr. 
Oct. 1859. No. 1421. 

HvuriLtLtA.—An erect robust shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high; stems patently 
branched towards the apex. In shrubby woods, near the main river 
Monino in Matas do Monino, sparingly in fruit, without flowers, Jan. 
1860. No. 1420. <An erect herb, scarcely to be called a shrub, at 
length virgately branched towards the apex. In tall-grassy places at 
the banks of stream Eme, fl. and young fr. April 1860. No. 1423. 


6. T. rhomboidea Jacq. Pl. Carib. p. 22 (1760); Mast., Lc., p. 257. 


Ico.o E BENGo.—A patently branched herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stem 
usually purplish ; leaves of 2 or even 3 types of shape on the same 
plant ; flowers yellowish. In marshy wooded places, at the river 
Bengo, near the Convent of St. Antonio and Funda, fl. and fr. Dec. 
1853. No. 1429. A suffrutescent herb, about 3 ft. high ; stems erect ; 
branches patent ; leaves of one type of shape; fruit rather small, 
prickles hooded and at maturity naked. In palm-groves, composed 
of Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera, along the river Bengo, near 
Quifandongo, and from St. Antonio to Prata, fl. and fr. (Dec. 1853 and) 
Sept. 1857. No. 1418. 

CAZENGO.—In thickets along the banks of the river Luinha, fl. and 
young fr. June 1855. No. 1419. 

GoLuNGco ALTO.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, with different types of 
foliage from the same root. In wooded places along the stream Capopa, 
on the way to the spring of Capopa, near Sange, fl. and young fr. Dec. 
1854. No. 1431. <A herb, woody at the base, 1 to 14 ft. high ; stem 
straight, divaricately branched above ; flower golden-yellow. In open 
thickets along the river Cuango but in rather dry places, fl. and fr. 


Triumfetta] XXV. TILIACES, 99 


April 1855. No. 1434. In thickets by the roadside at Menha Lula, 
fl. and fr. April 1855. No. 1438. In cultivated parts of Arimo de 
Mariano near Sange, along the river Cuango, fl. April 1856. No. 1437. 
Young plants July 1855. No. 1435. An erect herb, 2 ft. high ; flowers 
yellow. In bushy places at the banks of the stream, Caghuy, fl. and fr. 
April 1856. No. 1440. Flowers dark yellow; leaves very soft. 
Sparingly at the borders of thickets along the road leading towards 
Quibixe, fl. April 1856. No. 1436. In neglected places of cultivation, 
in the garden of the Governor at Sange, fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 1439. 
An undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem erect ; branches spreading or 
erect-spreading, slender, dark purple or green with purple spots; 
flowers dull yellow, clove-scented. In reed-beds composed of species 
of Andropogon, Panicum and Pennisetum, along the river Delamboa, 
Sob. de Bumba, fl. and young fr. 6 June 1856. No. 143890. An erect 
undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high; stem with spreading branches towards the 
apex. In reed-beds near Quibixe, fl. June 1856. No. 14300. Queta, 
fl. August 1856. No. 1430c. An undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; lower 
branches patent, upper ones erect-spreading ; lower surface of leaves 
sometimes only on the nerves, in other cases even on the same speci- 
men over all parts woolly-cottony, sometimes also almost destitute 
of wool (perhaps a morbid condition) ; flowers yellow, almost of the 
colour of the yolk of an egg. In secondary woods near Quibixe, in 
Sob. de Bumba, fl. and young fr. June 1856. No. 1432. An under- 
shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high; branches patent; leaves sometimes densely 
white-tomentose, in other cases woolly only on the nerves and not 
rarely on the same individual altogether green, only shortly pilose or 
hirsute or pubescent on both surfaces. Native name “ Quibosa.”’ On 
rather dry bushy slopes of the mountains of Sob. Quilombo Quia- 
catubia, sporadic, fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 1433. An undershrub, 
3 ft. high. In hilly grassy places of the mountains of Serra de Alta 
Queta, fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 14330. 

AmpBaca.—In fr. Sept. 1856. No. 6728. 

Punco ANDONGO.—The specimens from this district are doubtfully 
forms of this species. On rocky hills between Caghuy and a place 
called No Mangue, not yet in flower Feb. 1857. No. 1417 (Cf. 7. 
orthacantha Welw.). At the tall-grassy bank of the stream Casalalé 
within the stronghold, fl. Feb. 1857. No. 1441. 

HuILia.—A variety with 3-lobed leaves (7. urencefolia Welw. ms.). 
An erect hard shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, when without flowers wonderfully 
resembling a species of Urena ; flowers yellow. In tall-grassy meadows, 
at the skirts of woods, preferring damp spots, between Lopollo and 
Monino, fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859 and Feb. 1860. No. 1442. 


7. T. glechomoides Welw. ex Masters, /.c., p. 258. 
Huiitia.—Flowers yellow. In bushy woods between Monino and 


the stream Eme, Matas de Monino, fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859 and end 
of Jan. 1860. No. 1409. 


8. T. orthacantha Welw. ex Masters, /.c., p. 258. 

A shrub or in secondary thickets an undershrub, 3 to 6 ft. 
high, with the upper branches hoary. Flowers straw-coloured or 
yellow-reddish. Native name ‘ Quibosa.” 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—In dense thickets of primitive woods and amongst 
Pennisetum (Maiango), along the stream Quibdlo near Sange, April 
1856 ; in flower. No. 1415. In fruit. No. 14150. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—At the bushy margins of woods consisting of 


100 XXV. TILIACES, [ Triumfetta 


Leguminose (Panda), along the banks of the river Luxillo, fl. and fr. 
March and April 1857. No. 1416. 


9. T. setulosa Masters, l.c., p. 259. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—An annual herb, scarcely a foot high, branched 
from the base; branches ascending ; leaves flaccid, usually purplish 
below ; flowers small, orange-coloured ; capsule-prickles not hooked 
but tipped stellately with small sete. In bushy stony places between 
Caghuy and Mangue; fl. and fr. middle of April 1857, rather rare. 
No. 1410. 

Huviiuia.—In shortly bushy places along the borders of woods in 
Matas de Monino, fl. and young fr. April 1860. No. 1411. 

This differs from the last No., inasmuch as the hairs on the upper 
surface of the leaves are mostly stellate, whereas in No. 1410 (which 
constitutes the type of the species) the hairs are appressed and simple 
or nearly so, 


Var. ? paradoxa (Welw.). 


An annual erect slender herb; branches erect-patent, shaggy ; 
leaves ovate-lanceolate, subobtuse, subapiculate, rounded at the 
base, thin, obtusely serrate, scattered with appressed subsimple 
hairs on both surfaces, 2 by 1 in. or larger; petiole 4 to + in. long, 
thinly shaggy, curved at the apex; fruit blackish, without wool 
amongst the prickles which are stellately tipped with short sete, 
as in the type of the species. 


GoLunGo ALToO.—In hilly places of the mountains of Serra de Alta 
Queta, amidst species of Pennisetum and Andropogon, apparently very 
rare, fr. in March, April or May 1856. No. 1412. 

Perhaps a distinct species. With this should be compared a plant 
‘‘Quiboga onene,”’ Varsea do Isideo, June 1857. Coun. Carp. 292. 


3. CORCHORUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 235. 


1. C. olitorius L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 529 (1753); Masters in Oliv. 
BL Prop. Afr. 1, p:.2.62: 


LoAanpA.—Capsules closely appressed to the stem. In somewhat 
bushy damp meadows, between Bemposta and Camama ; fl. and young 
fr. May 1859. No. 1390. 

IcoLo & Benco,—In moist grassy situations by the river Bengo, near 
the Convent of S. Antonio; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853, not uncommon. 
No. 13900. 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—Stem purple ; petals pale-yellow, obovate-spathu- 
late, a little or scarcely exceeding the calyx. In groves of EHlaeis 
guineensis Jacq., reed-beds, marshes, etc., along the rivers Cuango and 
Delamboa, and near Canafilo by the Ambaca road ; fl. and fr. March 
and April 1856. No. 1889. Stem 3 to 5 ft. high, sometimes very 
bluntly angular; sepals red or purplish outside, concave, hooded- 
subulate at the apex; petals deep-yellow, wavy along the margin 
especially at the apex. Near Camilungo, rather scarce; fl. and fr. end 
of Dec. 1855. No. 13890. 


2. C. trilocularis L. Mant. Pl. (i.) p. 77 (1767); Mast., dc, p. 262. 


AmbBriz.—Mosul, fl. and young fr. Noy. 1853. No. 4645. 

LoaANnpA.—A much-branched cspitose undershrub, forming low 
thickets. In sandy sparingly bushy parts of the island Cazanga, be- 
tween the city of Loanda and Morro da Cruz, fl. and fr. April 1854. 


Corchorus | XXV. TILIACES. 101 


No. 1397. Abundant around artificial ponds near Imbondeiro dos 
Lobos ; fl. and fr. July 1858. No. 1392. In muddy places flooded in 
summer, near Penedo, frequent ; in ripe fr. August 1854. No. 13920. 
An erect herb of 3 to 4 ft. In damp places between Mubebem and 
Quicuxe, fl. and fr. July and August 1858. No. 1393. In damp places 
at the borders of deserted fields, near Bemposta ; fl. and fr, July 1858. 
No. 13930. 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—In bushy places along streams between Cambondo 
and Trombeta, but not common ; fl. and young fr. June 1855, No. 1399. 
By ditches of the road to Ambaca, Cambondo ; fl. and young fr. July 
1855. No. 1399d. 

AmBACA.—In damp spots (at the time drying up), at the sandy banks 
of the river Lucala, near Passagem do Lucala; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. 
No. 1391. 

BENGUELLA.—An undershrub, becoming woody at the base, with 
slender ascending-erect branches. In damp sandy bushy places be- 
tween the city of Benguella and the river Catumbella ; fl. and young fr. 
June 1859, not common. No. 1396. 

Huiitia.—In grassy tall-bushy rather shady places, along the river 
Eme and around the great lake Ivantdla ; fl. and sparing fr. Feb. 1860. 
No. 1398. 


3. C. fascicularis Lam. Encycl. Méth. ii. p. 104 (1786) ; Masters, 
l.c., p. 263. 


GoLuNnGo ALTO.—Prostrate, branched from the crown of the root ; 
branches elongate. Rather rare, in muddy places flooded in summer 
dried up at the time of gathering, between Cambondo and Tromhbeta ; 
fr. June 1855. No. 1394. 


4, C. Antichorus Raeusch. Nomencl. Bot., edit. 3, p. 158 (1797) ; 
Masters, J.c., p. 263. 


CaPE DE VERDE IsLANpDs.—St. Vincent ; in dry basaltic rocky places 
near Praia da Galé, sporadic ; fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1395. 


5. C.acutangulus Lam. Ency. Méth. ii. p. 104 (1786); Mast., Lc., 
p. 264. 

GoLunGco ALTo.—A biennial prostrate herb; stems more or less 
reddish ; sepals 5 ; stamens 8, golden-yellow as well as the anthers and 
style. Not uncommon in places left after cultivation and along the 
banks of the rivers Quiapoze and Coango, near Sange; fl. and fr. June 
1856. No. 1403. In the Governor’s garden, August 1855. [No speci- 
men separated for the British Museum.] No. 1403). In grassy marshy 
places near Camilungo ; fl. and young fr. March 1856. No. 1405. An 
erect herb, 3 to 2 ft. high. In damp sandy places, flooded in the rainy 
season, in Sobato Cabanga Cacalungo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. 
No. 1405). At the grassy shady banks of the river Delamboa, Sobato 
Bumba; not yet fully developed, March 1855. No. 1406. Varzea 
grande do Coango ; fr. end of May 1856. No. 4646. 

AmpBaca.—In damp fields near the hills between Quibinda and Izanga ; 
fr. Oct. 1855. No. 1404. 


6. C. tridens L. Mant. Pl. alt. p. 566 (1771); Masters, Z.c., p. 264. 

Native name “ Quisanana ” or “ Quijanana.” See Welw. Apont. 
p. 559, under n. 138. The tops of the stems and the leaves are 
eaten with palm oil by the negroes nearly throughout Angola. 


GoLuNGO ALTo.—-Frequent in dampish sandy grassy places near 
Praia de Zamba grande; fl. and fr. Nov. 1857. No. 1400. At the 


102 XXY. TILIACEA. | Corchorus 


sandy banks of the stream Delamboa, near Sange ; fl. and fr. May 
1856. No. 1401. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In dampish sandy sparingly grassy parts of the 
stronghold, rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of May 1857. No. 1402. 
And near Caghuy; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 14020. 


4. GLYPHZA Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 237. 


1. G. grewioides Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 238, t. 22 
(1849); Welw. Apont. p. 589, n. 72 (@. teucrioides, by error) ; 
Masters, /.c., p. 267. . 

Gotuneo AuTo.—A robust shrub, much branched from the base, 
8 to 12 ft. high or more ; leaves in shady places gigantic ; flowers deep- 
yellow, rather large. Not uncommon in the secondary woods of Sobato 
de Bumba, Bango, Quilombo, Mussengue and Queta, fl. and fr. March 
1856. No. 1366. An arborescent shrub, with the habit of a Grewia 
and hard-membranous leaves. Near N-delle, August 1857. Co Lt. 
Carp. 172. 

The following No., of which no specimen was separated for the 
British Museum, probably belongs to the same species :— 

A shrub, 8 ft. high; branches lax, virgate-elongated. 

PunGo ANDONGO.— Very rare on the tall-bushy slopes of the Serra 
de Pedras de Guinga, with ripe fruit May 1857. No. 1367. 


XXVI. LINACE. 


The indigenous Linacez consist of three species of Hugonia and 
an Hrythroxylon. The species of Zugonia are fine shrubby climbers 
with a very peculiar habit, sometimes climbing on trees, at other 
times covering with dense bushes the slopes of rocks ; their yellow 
flowers look somewhat like those of Linum flavum L., but their 
glossy foliage consists of large coriaceous and evergreen leaves. 
The Erythroxylon which is met with in Pungo Andongo has its 
wood entirely white, whereas the species of this genus usually 
have the wood red. (See Welw. Apont. p. 566 under n. 161 and 
p. 561 under n. 146.) 

LinuM vsITaTisstmumM L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 277 (1753) ; Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. i. p.269. Huv1LtLta.—Cultivated for the sake of its fibre and 
seeds, but rather rarely ; fr. May 1860. No. 1588. 

The axile margins of the carpels are glabrous, and the capsule but 
little exceeds the calyx ; the specimens therefore do not belong to the 
variety which was Linum humile Miller. Welwitsch, Apont. p. 566 
under n. 161, states that this species is cultivated, although in limited 
quantity, in the neighbourhood of Pungo Andongo, chiefly on account 
of the application of its oily seeds for poultices. 


1. HUGONIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 243. 
1. H. Afzelii Br. ex Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. 
p. 525 (1848). 
Var. melanocalyx (Welw.) apud Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, i. p. 271. 
Hugonia macrocarpa Welw. Apont. p. 585, n. 21. 
Punco ANDONGO.—A robust evergreeu shrub, widely scandent- 


Hugonia| XXVI. LINACEZ. 103 


decumbent over volcanic rocks; leaves coriaceous ; flowers golden- 
yellow, large, pentamerous or rarely tetramerous ; petals contracted at 
the base to a pedicel-like claw, spotted above the claw with a dark-red 
callosity ; fruit a little juicy, almost as large as a cherry. In rocky 
thickets at the borders of the primitive forests of Mata do Pungo, near 
the fortress, in company with Derris nobilis Welw. (Herb. No. 1891), 
fl. Feb., fr. May 1857. No. 1586. (Fruit subglobose, 4 in. diam.) 
Cou. Carp. 293. Scarcely scandent but ascending. Cou. Carp, 294. 


2. H. angolensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 271. 


CazeENnGo.—Inner sepals acutely lobed ; capsules ovoid, not spherical. 
In thin forests among tall bushes, at the base of the mountains of Serra 
de Muxaiila, rather sparingly, in company with H. platysepala Welw. 
Herb. 1588, Rinorea castaneotdes var. strictiflora (Welw. Herb. 883), 
Teramnus labialis (Welw. Herb. 2187b), Coffea, etc. ; fl. and fr. June 
1855. No. 1585. Coun. Carp. 295. 


3. H. platysepala Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 272. 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A handsome shrub, shaped like a tree, 6 to 8 ft. 
high ; branches elongate, occasionally scandent; outer sepals hairy 
outside, striate with raised nerves inside ; petals with golden-yellow 
hairs outside, glabrous inside. In groves of Adansonia on the left 
bank of the stream Cuango, near Sange, at the base of the mountains 
of Serra de Alta Queta; fl. March and at the end of May, fr. end of 
July 1855: specimens were gathered climbing on Hannoa undulata 
(Welw. Herb. 1707) and others on Myristica. No. 1584. A climbing 
shrub with copious large yellow flowers, by the Cuango, fr. August 
1855. Cou. Carp. 296. Fruit as large as a hazel-nut, waxy-yellow, 
glossy, mucronate. Mata Quisuculo in Sobato Bango, Feb. and Sept. 
1856. Cou. Carp. 297. 


The following specimen is perhaps a juvenile state of this 
species :— 

CazZENGO.—A luxuriant shrub, 4 ft. high, not yet in flower, gathered 
in the neighbourhood of No. 1585, in thin bushy woods at the base of 
Serra de Muxatila, sporadic, June 1855. No. 1588. 


2. ERYTHROXYLUM P. Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
p. 244 (Hrythroxylon). 

1. E. emarginatum Thonn. in Schum. Beskr. Guin. Pl. p. 22 
(1827) (Lrythroxylon emarginatus) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 27 
(Lrythroxylon). 


Punco Anponco.—An elegant erect small tree, with the habit of 
Buus sempervirens, or a robust shrub, as tall as a man, densely branched 
and twiggy ; branches and twigs densely leafy ; leaves sub-distichous, 
shining, much paler beneath ; stipules broad, semi-amplexicaul, very 
acute at the tip, +: to 7; in. long, scarious, bi-carinate ; wood white ; 
flowers whitish, usually clustered along the middle part of the young 
shoots ; pedicels subacutely angular, + to 3% in. long; calyx-lobes tri- 
angular, sub-carinate ; petals obovate-oblong, with a broad obtuse claw ; 
staminal-tube nearly equalling the calyx ; styles 3, free, scarcely clavate, 
as long as the stamens ; drupe scarlet, ovate-oblong, smooth, but little 
juicy ; seed of like form, striate with prominent longitudinal nerves. 
In the more elevated damp rocky places within the stronghold, at Pedra 
de Cazella; fl. Feb. and April, fr. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 1587. 
Cott. Carp. 298. 


L 
L 


104 XXVII, MALPIGHIACEE. — [ Sphedamnocarpus 


XXVIT. MALPIGHIACEA. 


1. SPHEDAMNOCARPUS Planch. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl. ip. 256. 

1. S. angolensis Planch. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 279. 

Acridocarpus angolensis Juss.; Welw. Apont. p. 561 under n. 145. 

Hvuiiuia.—aA very stinging small shrub, subscandent or erect, with 
bright yellow flowers resembling those of a Cistus ; a narrow-leaved 
form mixed with the ordinary one. Frequent in the lower thickets 
and exposed grassy places throughout Lopollo, from Humpata to the 
great lake of Ivantdla, fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859, fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1043. 
A sub-sarmentose undershrub, 3 ft. high, flowering throughout the 


season, fruiting in May and June; the hairs on the fruit sting badly. 
Cou. Carp. 52. 


The following imperfect specimen apparently belongs to the 
same species :— 
Hvuriia.—Sparingly in hilly rocky bushy places, adorned with 


numerous Acanthaceze, from the lake of Ivantala in the direction of 
Quilengues, in young fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 1044. 


2. TRIASPIS Burch.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 259. 


1. T. macroptera Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 281 
(macropteron). 


GoLunGco AuLTo.—A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, occasionally scandent ; 
leaves herbaceous, rather glossy ; petals imbricate in eestivation ; sta- 
mens 10, 5 taller than the rest; filaments violaceous, linear-flattened, 
slightly incurved ; anthers cordate-ovate ; pollen golden, juicy. Rather 
rare, in thickets between Sange and Camilungo, fl. May 1855. No. 1038. 

CazENGO.—A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, with twisted branches. Occa- 
sional, in the sparse stony thickets at the base of the mountains of 
Serra de Muxaiilo, fr. June 1855. No. 1037. 

Punco AnpoNGoO.—A stout shrub, climbing toa great height, with 
pendulous branches and branchlets, leaves subcoriaceous. In wooded 
places at the borders of primitive forests in Mata de Pungo, within the 
stronghold, fl, and fr. April 1857. No. 1039. 

The following is doubtfully referred here ; the leaves have their 
bases narrowed :— 

Punco ANpoNGo.—An arborescent shrub or probably a mutilated 
tree, with tortuous branches and branchlets and membranous leaves. 
Barranco de Pedra 8. Antonio ; without fl. Jan. 1857. No. 6740. 

2. T. lateriflora Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 281. 

Punco AnponGo.—A shrub of 6 ft. showing a climbing tendency, 
with the upper branches subscandent or erect. In stony places at the 
margins of primitive woods, near Pungo Andongo by the way leading 
towards Candumba, fr. June 1857. No. 1041. . 

Bumspo.—A widely climbing shrub ; flowers bright rose-coloured. In 
wooded thickets along the base of Serra da Xella, frequent, fl. and fr. 
Oct. 1859, at an elevation of about 2000 ft. No, 1042. 


3. FLABELLARIA Cav. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 259. 
1. F. paniculata Cav. Diss. p. 4386, t. 264 (1790); Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. 1. p. 282. 
Heteropteris (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 561, under n. 145. 


Flabellaria| XXVII. MALPIGHIACES. 105 


GoLuNnGo ALTO.—A robust arborescent shrub, attaining the height 
of 40 to 50 ft., often climbing ; trunk straight or twining, 4 in. or more 
in diam. at the base, unbranched below, tortuously branched above ; 
branchlets nodose and verrucose. Leaves dryly coriaceous, pale green 
but little shining above, beneath clothed with a silky tomentum shining 
like silver ; petioles of the younger leaves furnished with two rows of 
tumid glands. Flowering specimens rarely met with. Wood poly- 
centric, variegated with yellow and brown. In dense primitive woods 
of Sob. de Mussengue, along streams, near Quibanga, not common, 
fl. 16 Dec. 1855. No. 1040. Quiquele-quele, without flowers, August 
1856. No. 5401. 


XXXVI AYGOPEHY LBA. 


Along the whole coast of Angola from the Congo to the Cuanza 
no species of Zygophyllum occurs, but around Benguella Z. simplex 
becomes extremely frequent and extends to Cabo Negro in multi- 
farious forms ; about Loanda Tribulus terrestris L. is frequent and 
takes the place of the former ; about Mossamedes an annual her- 
baceous prostrate form, not unlike a small-leaved Portulaca, occurs. 
Tribulus terrestris L. is frequent along the whole coast, but soon 
ceases to occur towards the interior of the country ; Welwitsch 
found none either in Golungo Alto or Huilla; the varieties are 
exceedingly pretty in summer in consequence of the quantity of 
their flowers which are of a sulphur or golden colour; but they 
are at the same time extremely troublesome to the bare-footed 
negroes on account of their sharp prickly fruits ; all the varieties 
are known by but one name in Angola. 


1. TRIBULUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 264. 
1. T. terrestris L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 887 (1753) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 283. 
T. cistoides L., l.c.; Welw. Apont. p. 591, n. 99, and in Journ. 
Linn. Soe. v. p. 184 (1861); 7. micans Welw. Apont. p. 566, 
under n. 159. 


BARRO DO BENGO.—In damp sandy places, drying up at the time of 
collection, by the river Bengo, near Cacuaco, fl. and fr. at the end of 
March 1854. No. 1575. 

LoanpA.—Frequent in damp and in dry fields also by road-sides, 
near Quicuxe, fl. and fr. April 1854. No. 1576. Very common and 
variable, in hilly grassy sandy-earthy places near Loanda, Alto das 
Cruzes, etc., Jan. and Feb. 1858 ; also in the city of Loanda June 1859. 
No. 1577. <A prostrate-ascending undershrub, with several brittle stems. 
Sporadic in dry rocky places between Boa Vista and Cacuaco, fl. and fr. 
March 1854. No. 1578. An erect or ascending shrubby herb, 2 to 3 
ft. high ; branches long, spreading, sulcate-striate ; leaves 8 to 10— 
usually 9—jugate, silky-shining beneath ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminate ; petals bright yellow, 1 in. long, 4 or 5 times as long as the 
calyx ; carpels 5, with 2 or 4 spines in the middle, hispid, 3 or 2-seeded ; 
style much shorter than the pyramidal stigma or nearly obsolete. 
Abundant in dry sandy situations, along the shore of the island Cazenga, 
between the city and the mouth of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. March 
1858. No. 1579 and Cott Carp. 299. 

MossaMEpDES.—Not common, in sandy grassy places at the banks of 


106 XXVIII. ZYGOPHYLLEA. | Tribulus 


the river Bero and in neighbouring gravelly places, near Cavalheiros, 
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1580. Very sparingly in gravelly places 
exposed to the inundations of the river Bero, at Boca do Bero, fl. and 
fr. August 1859. No. 1581. 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLtanps.—A litle shrub, branched from the base, 
with yellowish wood. In rocky maritime places near Villa de Praia in 
the island of St. Jago, fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 1582 and Cou. 
Carp. 300. 

These specimens of Welwitsch confirm Oliver’s treatment of them as 
all belonging to one variable species, and further make it difficult to 
keep up the variety 8. cistoides without at the same time admitting 
other varieties. 


2. ZYGOPHYLLUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 266. 


1. Z. simplex L. Mant. Pl. (i.) p. 68 (1767); Welw. in Journ. 
Linn, Soc. v. p. 183 (1861); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 286. 

Z. portulacoides Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. p. lxvi. n. 230, p. exi. 
n. 279, p. 88 n. 67 (1775). Z. stellulatwm Chr. Sm. in Tuck. 
Congo, p. 250 (name only, 1818). 


BENGUELLA.— Disk patelliform, a little concave, rather thick ; mar- 
gin stellately dentate. A densely bushy grass-green shrub, 1 to 13 ft. 
high, with yellow flowers and cylindrical rather obtuse leaves. Very 
common in sandy maritime places, especially in those flooded by rain, 
Bahia dos Elefantes from the city of Benguella as far as Cabo Negro ; 
fl.and fr. June and July 1859. No. 1568. An erect dichotomously 
branched annual herb, scarcely a span high, with linear fleshy almost 
terete leaves. In rather shady sandy-earthy spots behind the city of 
Benguella, in company with an Eragrostis ; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. 
No. 1571. 

MossAMEDES.—Prostrate after the fashion of Portulaca oleracea, 
with cylindrical bright orange-coloured stems. Very common in dry 
sandy hilly maritime places among species of leafless Huphorbia and of 
Sarcostemma near the town of Mossamedes ; fl. and fr. June and July 
1859. No. 1569. An erect form; whole plant rather fleshy; stem 
corymbosely branched from the base. Sparingly in dry sands between 
Mossamedes and Cavalheiros, in company with Vogelia africana Lam. 
(Welw. Herb. 519) ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1570. Stems several 
from the same rootstock, obliquely erect, somewhat flexuous and woody, 
pale reddish ; leaves half the length of those in the prostrate form. 
Occasionally in sandy hollows near the sea-coast, at Cazimba, between 
Mossamedes and Cabo Negro, in company with Merremia multisecta 
Hallier (Welw. Herb. 6112); fl. and fr. beginning of Sept. 1859; a 
small-leaved variety. No. 1573. In damp sandy places along the 
banks of the river Bero, near the town of Mossamedes ; young plants 
not yet in flower, with long narrowly linear fleshy leaves ; probably 
belonging to this species, August 1859. No. 1572. 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLANDs.—Occasional, in rocky maritime places, in 
the island of St. Jago, near Villa da Praia; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861; a 
small-leaved variety. No. 1574. 


2. Z. orbiculatum Welw. ex Oliv., l.c., p. 285 ; Welw. Sert. p. 19. 
Zygophyllum (sp.), Welw. in Journ. Linn, Soe. v. p. 183 (1861). 
A fleshy shrub, 1 to 22 ft. high ; stems numerous from a widely 
creeping rootstock, oblique or nodding, woody at the base, cylin- 
drical, dichotomously branched; branches jointed, gradually 


Zygophyllum | XXVIII. ZYGOPHYLLE®. Oe 


thickened towards the nodes; leaves very large, orbicular or 
spathulate-orbicular, smooth, very thick, glaucous-pruinose, entire, 
standing vertical on the living plant so as to be least affected by 
the sun ; stipules interpetiolar, simple, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 to 
4 lines long, somewhat thinner in substance than the leaves; 
peduncles 2 to 5 together, rather erect, arising from the axils of 
the stipules; calyx green, fleshy ; petals spathulate, longer than 
the calyx, white, deciduous ; stamens 10; scales of the filaments 
thinly membranous, white, fringed at the apex, quasi-sheathing 
the filaments and equally long; gynophore disciform, somewhat 
concave ; ovary oblong- or subclavate-pentagonal, 5-celled, with 
obtuse angles; ovules 2 to 9 in each cell; style pentagonal- 
pyramidal ; stigma thinly papillose. 

MossaMEDES.—In sandy and stony places from Mossamedes to Cabo 
Negro, in company with Sesame, Z. simplex, and Vogelia africana 
Lam. (Welw. Herb. 519); fl. and fr. June and July 1859; very 
abundant. No. 1637. In dry rocky places between Cazimba and 
Cabo Negro, sporadic ; fr. Sept. 1859. No. 1637). In maritime sandy 
places near Mossamedes ; fr. June 1860. Con. Carp. 27. 

Upon the roots of this plant Welwitsch found Hydnora africana, 
var. longicollis Welw., growing as a parasite (see Welw. Sert. p. 66). 


3. Z. Fontanesii Webb, Phyt. Can. i. p. 17, t. 1 (1836-40); 
Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 314 (1852). 

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.—A hard distorted shrub, 1 to 13 ft. high, 
fleshy. Leaves bifoliolate ; leaflets opposite, obovate-elliptical, glaucous, 
quickly falling off in drying. Im sandy maritime places in the island 


of St. Vincent, at Praia de Galé, without flowers, beginning of Sept. 
1853. No. 1567. 


3. FAGONIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 267. 


1. F. cretica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 386 (1753) ; Schmidt, Beitr. 
Fl, Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 313 (1852); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 287. 

F. Oudneyi Br. in Denh. & Clapp. Trav. Append. p. 230 (name 
only, 1826). 

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.—On the slopes of Monte Verde near Port. 
de Mindello, in the island St. Vincent, without either flower or fruit, 
sparingly, Sept. 1853. No. 4593. 


XXIX. GERANIACE, 


Oxalis corniculata L. abounds in cultivated places and in moist 
lands of the hilly region ; the other species of Oxalideze which are 
met with in Angola proper belong to the genus Biophytum, and 
are peculiar to the highland region, where they grow on slopes 
covered with short grass in the neighbourhood of streams. Both 
species of Biophytum are interesting on account of the great sensi- 
tiveness of their leaves, which when irritated do not fall down- 
wards, but raise themselves from their horizontal position into a 
kind of ball; the motion therefore is centripetal, and not centri- 
fugal as in Mimose; at the Jeast touch, or even when disturbed 
by the footsteps of persons passing close by, the leaflets instantly 


108 XXIX. GERANIACES, | Monsonia 


fold themselves inwards and then share the upward motion of the 
petioles; the same position is taken up during the sleep of the 
plant. Brown in the Appendix to Tuckey’s Congo, page 433, 
alludes to the property of irritability in this group of plants. 
Impatiens Balsamina L., called by the Portuguese “ Papagaios” or 
** Melindres,” is cultivated by some horticulturists, and the climate 
of Angola does not disagree with it (see Welw. Apont. p. 567, under 
n. 163); but no specimen is preserved in his herbarium. 


1. MONSONIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 271. 
1. M. biflora DC. Prodr. i. p. 638 (1824); Oliv., Lc. p. 290. 


Hvuitta.—An annual herb, branched from the base, suberect, 
nodosely inflated at the insertion of the leaves, musk-scented combined 
with an acid-aromatic odour ; petals white or somewhat purple, trun- 
cate ; stigmas 5, elliptical, dark purple, stigmatose on the inner (top) 
surface ; seeds dark brown, obovate-clavate ; cotyledons green, ex- 
albuminous, foliaceous, flexuous; radicle descending. In exposed 
situations near dwellings and in neglected plots of cultivation, about 
Lopollo and in the direction of Quilengues, frequent; fl. and fr. 
27 Jan. 1860. No. 1606. 


2. SARCOCAULON Sweet; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 272. 


1. S. mossamedense Hiern. 
Monsonia mossamedensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 290. 


MossAMEDES.—A small prostrate shrub ; stem and branches resinous- 
fleshy, very rigid, readily inflammable even in the living state; bark 
greyish—sometimes reddish—in old age often chalky-white ; the older 
stems bristling with the conversion of the stipules and petioles into 
spines, the very old ones unarmed and glabrate or smooth ; petals con- 
nivent in a campanulate manner, lilac-purple or rose-coloured, varying 
in size ; stamens and stigmas pale blue. On stony chalk hills, sparingly 
grassy, at an elevation of 100 to 200 ft. above the sea, in Serra de 
Montes Negros to the east of Mossamedes, fl. 10 August 1859. No. 1607. 

S. Marlothii Engl. Jahbr. x. p. 31, t. iv. fig. a (1888) differs by obtuse 
not apiculate sepals. 


3, PELARGONIUM L’Herit. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. i. p. 273. 


1. P. flabellifolium Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 277 
(1860), non Sweet; var. benguellense Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, 1. p.. 294: 

HvILLa.—Scapes about 6 in. high, somewhat branched near the base ; 
petals remarkably fragrant in the evening, tubular-connivent. In the 
sandy parts of rather open mixed woods, in Matas de Monino, between 
Lopollo and the river Monino, sporadic, sparingly with flowers in Oct. 
1859, (fr. and) adult leaves Jan. 1860. No. 1605. 

The type of the species, to a variety of which Professor Oliver re- 
ferred this plant, belongs to the Transvaal, Natal, and the Orange Free 
State ; Welwitsch regarded his plant as perhaps a distinct species. 


Tropeolum majus L. occurs occasionally in abundance in neglected 
spots of cultivation and subspontaneously about the colony of Lopollo, 
without doubt originally introduced with seeds of culinary vegetables ; 
it thrives well in the climate of Huilla ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 1619. 


Oxalis| XXIX, GERANIACES. 109 


4, OXALIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f, Gen, Pl. i. p. 276, pro parte. 


1. O. punctata L. f. Suppl. Pl. p. 243 (1781). 

Var. glabrata Sond. (?) in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 335 
(1860), Oliv. (!) Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 295. 

Huitita.—Bulb angular, reticulate-foveolate between the angles ; 
scapes glabrous, twice as long as the leaves ; calyx-segments bicallous 
at the apex. Abundant in sandy-earthy places among short grass, in 
company with Jsoétes and Eriocaulon, at 5000 to 5500 ft. elevation, on 


the top ranges of Morro de Lopollo and Empalanca ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 
1860. No. 1614. 


2. O. semiloba Sond. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 350 (1860) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 296. 


Huv1Lia.—Leaves not ciliate ; glands at the apex of the sepals very 
conspicuous, orange-yellow, bipartite. On the shortly grassy spongy 
wooded slopes at the left bank of the river Monino, at an elevation of 
about 5000 ft. ; at the beginning of April 1860,not common. No. 1615. 


3. 0. corniculata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 435 (1753). 
Var. stricta Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 297. 
O. stricta L., lc. Oxalis (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 567 under n. 162. 


PRINCE’s ISLAND.—Sporadic on the slopes of Pico de Papagaio, at an 
elevation of between 3000 and 4000 ft. ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 1608. 

LoanpA.—Rather rare, in gravelly places along the borders of fields 
between the city of Loanda and Quicuje, fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 1609. 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—Form with the root of the young plant filiform, 
of the older tubercular napiform perennial, and with weak spreading 
very brittle branches. Very common, near Sange, in neglected and 
cultivated fields, especially in plantations of Saccharum and Musa, 
quasi-scandent ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854 and July 1855. No. 1610. 

Hvi1L_tA.—Forms with corolla twice or never twice as long as the 
calyx, closed in full sunlight. Not uncommon, in the damp wooded 
bushy parts of Monino and in neglected fields amidst grasses near 
Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Jan. and April 1860. No. 1611. 


5. BIOPHYTUM DC. Prodr. i. p. 689; Oxalis Benth. & Hook. 
f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 276, pro parte. 


1. B. sensitivum DC. Prodr. i. p. 690. B. Umbraculum Welw. 
Apont. p. 567 under n. 162 and p. 590, n. 87. Ozalis sensitiva L. 
Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 434 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 297. 


Puneo ANDoNGOo.—Differs from the ordinary form of the species 
by shorter leaf-stalks, by solitary crowded peduncles or occasionally 
elongate and then with pedicels shorter than the calyx, by 5-nerved 
subulate-acuminate sepals much longer than the capsule, by opaque 
densely muricate seeds, and by habit and thicker stem. Annual, grow- 
ing in dense crowds ; flowers yellowish-orange or wine-yellow, at length 
placed at the base of the petioles and very rarely congregated in a 
pedunculate umbel. In hot wooded pastures and meadows, in dry and 
also in moist situations, near Caghuy 6 Feb. 1857, also near Sansamanda 
at the river Cuanza and near Condo Feb. and March 1857 ; fl. and fr. 
abundant. No. 1612. <A luxuriant form, near Sansamanda in shortly 
grassy meadows along the banks of the Cuanza; fl. March 1857. 
No. 1612). In rather damp hot places near the rivulet Casalalé, fr. 
May 1857. Co... Carp. 301. 


110 XXIX, GERANIACEAE. [ Biophytum 


2. B. abyssinicum Steud. in Hb. Schimp. Abyss. ii. n. 1206 ; 
A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 122 (1847). 
Oxalis abyssinica Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 297. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—A very slender erect annual herb, stem 3 to 12 in. 
high, reddish, towards the apex somewhat thickened and bearing an 
elegant palm-like crown ; leaves remarkably sensitive ; leaflets in 4 to 
10 pairs, veiny on both surfaces, glaucescent beneath ; peduncles very 
slender, about as long as the leaves ; pedicels umbellate, almost capil- 
lary, in flower 7 to } in. long, in fruit 3 to { in. long ; flowers yellow, 
small ; sepals 3-nerved, shorter than the capsule. Rather rare, on the 
lower exposed shortly grassy slopes of the mountains of Pungo Andongo, 
along the stream Casalalé, between the fortress and Caghuy ; fl. middle 
of Jan. and Feb. and near Catete ; fr. April 1857. No. 1613. 

Welwitsch, Apont. p. 567, under n. 162, refers to this plant by the 
name of Biophytum sensitivum DC. 


6. IMPATIENS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 277. 


1. I. capensis Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. p. 41 (1794) ; Hook. f. in 
Oliv. Fl) Trop, Adr-1: p.'300. 


Punco ANDONGO.—An annual erect tender slender herb, 1 to 13 ft. 
high ; rhizome creeping ; stem more or less decumbent at the base or 
even rooting, cylindrical, very succulent, purplish ; leaves membranous, 
rather flaccid, somewhat fleshy, bright green, crenate-serrate, with a 
long obtuse acumen at the apex, on long slender petioles ; flowers rose- 
coloured, rather small, quickly marcescent ; peduncles capillary ; capsule 
oblong, rather curved, attenuate at the ends, very bluntly 5-angled ; 
seeds obovate, villous, rather compressed, whitish. Rather rare, in 
shaded rocky places within the stronghold of Pungo Andongo and in 
Serra das Pedras de Guinga, fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1856 and March 
1857. No. 1618. 


2. I. Kirkii Hook. f. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 300. 
Var. B, Hook. f., .c., p. 301, hypoleuca Welw. ms. (sp.). 


AMBACA.—Perennial, with the habit of Impatiens latifolia L, ; stem 
decumbent, rooting at the nodes ; ascending portion 1 ft. high, suberect, 
cylindrical, turning red, thinly scattered with subscarious hairs ; leaves 
alternate, broadly lanceolate, 2} to 3 in. long, somewhat acuminate or 
apiculate, abruptly attenuate at the base, very bright green above, 
glaucescent-whitish beneath, serrate, the serratures sometimes extend- 
ing to the petiole ; petioles of the lower leaves } in. long, of the upper 
leaves gradually shorter ; flowers very bright rose-purple, rather large ; 
peduncles axillary, solitary or 2 together, 2 to 3 in. long, the fruiting 
ones spreading or even very patent ; spur longer than the rest of the 
flower or equalling it; capsule linear-oblong or elliptical. Sparingly 
at the spongy margins of streams, about Izanga ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 1616. 

CazeENGO.—At the spongy banks of the small lake Lagoa do Moam- 
bege near Dalatando ; fl. June 1855. No. 1617. 

Occurs also in the district of Golungo Alto, according to Welwitsch, 
Apont. p. 567, under n. 163. 


XXX. RUTACEA. 
With the exception of Ruta graveolens L., which is cultivated 
and also nearly wild in the district of Mossamedes, this natural 
order in Angola is composed almost entirely of trees, and often of 


Ruta| XXX. RUTACEE. 111 


large trees with a magnificent habit, which dominate the sur- 
rounding vegetation with their beautiful crowns of glossy foliage, 
and which bear some resemblance to our ash trees; the trunks of 
these large trees are almost always armed with sharply pointed 
tubercles ; and the timber of all the species is of excellent quality 
and is not unfrequently penetrated with a yellow colour. They 
are more abundant in the hilly region than in the highlands, where 
they diminish rapidly in number both of species and individuals. 
The tribe Aurantiez is sparingly represented in the indigenous 
flora of Angola ; two or three species of the genus Clausena, arbo- 
rescent shrubs, with pinnate leaves, white or pale flowers and 
aromatic pea-shaped fruits, were met with in the hilly and high- 
land regions. The Lemon is occasionally found wild in the midst 
of woods, but only in stations where there have been villages in 
former times. Oranges and lemons are commonly cultivated 
throughout the province; less frequently the Sweet Lime and the 
Citron, which, however, are occasionally seen in gardens. Speaking 
generally, the cultivation of these very valuable trees in this 
country as yet leaves much to be desired, since the successive im- 
provement of the different varieties by means of grafting is almost 
unknown. (See Welwitsch, Apontamentos, pp. 560-61, 565-66.) 


1. RUTA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 286. 


1. R. graveolens L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 383 (1753); Oliv. FI. 
Trop: Afr. i. p. 304. 


MossAMEDES.—An undershrub, 13 to 2 ft. high, almost a little shrub. 
Formerly cultivated, but wild or apparently so, among garden-crops 
and along the stony margins of cultivated fields ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859 ; 
also in rough rocky situations in the neighbourhood of gardens, in July 
1859. No. 1620. 


2, ZANTHOXYLUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 297. 
1. Z. macrophyllum Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 304. 


GoLtunGo ALtTo.—Trunk 9 to 12 in. in diam. at the base ; crown 
palm-shaped, very elegant ; trunk, branches, and rachis and petiole of 
the leaves armed with hard and acute spines ; flowers (sub-)terminal, 
thyrsoid, greenish. In Sobado de Bumba by rivulets ; with flower- 
buds in Oct., immature fr. Jan. 1856, No. 4557. Coun. Carp. 302. 
Trunk 18 to 24 in. in diam. at the base, tuberculate-spinous, straight, 
branchless below, above with erect-spreading densely spinous branches, 
crowned with palm-like head at the apex; flowers (sub-)terminal, 
paniculate, yellowish-greenish. Native name ‘Paco bilo.” Not un- 
common in dampish wooded situations in Sobato Bumba; fl. March 
1856. No. 4564. A tree, 30 to 60 or even 80 ft. high ; trunk straight, 
12 to 18 in. in diam. and probably becoming thicker, from the base up 
to the apex bristling with prickles. Native name ‘Paco ballo.” In 
the dense more elevated primitive forests of Sobato de. Bango Aqui- 
tamba and Quilombo ; Mata de Quisuculo, with foliage but without 
flowers, Sept. 1855. Nos. 4565, 4568. 

IsLAND OF St. THomaAs.—Leaves 9-10-jugate. Name “ Marapiao.” 
Without flowers or fruit. No. 4563. 

The above five Nos. apparently belong to the species as quoted. 
The name “ Paco ballo,” one of the most valuable woods for building 


112 XXX. RUTACEA. [| Zanthoxylum 


purposes, is used in a collective sense, and appears to belong to two 
or more species of the genus. 


2. Z. melanacanthum Planch. ex Oliv. /.c., p. 305. 


GotunGo ALTo.—A small young tree, 4 ft. high ; with foliage, but 
without either flowers or fruit ; forests of Serra de Alta Queta. No.4526. 
A tree 30 ft. high ; branches erect-spreading ; crown lax ; leaflets mem- 
branous ; flowers greenish-yellow ; trunk 12 to 20 in. in diam. at the 
base. In the elevated forests of Sobato de Bumba; fl. Feb. 1856. 
No. 4562. A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk beset with strong spines, 
which in old age go off into large tubercles ; flowers whitish-yellowish. 
In dense very elevated primitive forests near Quilombo, in Sovado de 
Quilombo Quiacatubia; male fl. Jan. 1855. Gathered in fr. near 
Montalagre in Feb. No. 4569. <A very elegant tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; 
branches erect-spreading, as well as the trunk (6 in. in diam.), beset 
with short, straight, very acuminate prickles, which turn red at the 
apex ; leaves 3-7-jugate, crowded towards the tips of the branches and 
branchlets; petiole (narrowly) alate-channelled ; leaflets sub-opposite, 
softly (and thinly) coriaceous, very glossy above, a little paler and 
rather glossy beneath, densely pellucid-punctate. Flowers tetramerous, 
dioecious (or polygamous ?), paniculate ; common peduncle compressed, 
divided into two parts ; remoter branches mostly 4 together, bracteolate 
at the base, of arose-red colour. Calyx almost flat, 4-parted ; segments 
scattered with very minute red dots, otherwise green. Petals 4, ovate- 
oblong, alternate with the calyx-segments, inserted at the external base 
of the tetragonal thick disk, slightly imbricate in estivation, of a pale 
sulphur colour, recurved-patent during the time of flowering. Sta- 
mens 4, inserted with the petals and alternate with them ; filaments 
flattened from the base, gradually narrowing upwards, as long as the 
petals ; anthers elliptical, introrse, 2-celled, pale yellow, longitudinally 
dehiscing. Ovary rudimentary ?, conical, seated on a gynophore or 
thick elevated tetragonal (angles remarkably truncate) disk, ter- 
minated by a short style. In the very shady primitive forests of 
Sobato de Mussengue, rather rare; male fl. beginning of Dec. 1855. 
No. 4570. A very elegant tree; in elevated forests amongst the 
mountains of the eastern Queta, fr. June 1856. No. 4571. A tall tree, 
with remarkably good yellowish wood, petiole gibbous at the base. 
Name “ Pio Pacoballa.” Bango, in forests, male flower-buds 11 June 
1855. A poor specimen probably referable to this species. No. 4619. 

The next two Nos. appear to differ from this species, but to be 
near to it; the specimens are without flowers or fruits :— 

Gotunco ALTo.—A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high; trunk, branches 
and petioles bristling with very acute prickles. At the same time a 
tree of the same, 80 ft. high and laden with ripe fruits, was seen. In 
shady situations, near Ponte de Luis Somoés, at the base of the moun- 
tains of Serra de Alta Queta, July 1855. No. 4566. An elegant tree, 
12 to 15 ft. high; branches erect-spreading, as well as the petioles 
rigidly prickly ; leaves pellucid-punctate. In dense forests, at the 
banks of the river Delamboa, Dec. 1855. No. 4567. 


3. Z. nitens Hiern, sp. n. 

A small tree; branches rather erect, glabrate or nearly so, 
densely aculeate with straight or slightly recurving acute prickles, 
which range up to 2 in. in length; leaves alternate, exstipulate, 
impari-pinnate, 4 5-jugate, glabrous, 6 to 11 in. long; petiole 1} 
to 3 in. long, as well as its continuation between the pairs of 


Zanthoxylum | XXX. RUTACER, 113 


leaflets aculeate with recurved prickles; lateral petiolules short ; 
leaflets elliptical, narrowly acuminate at the apex, more or less 
narrowed at the base, thinly coriaceous, very glossy, delicately 
veined, dark green above, paler beneath, 13 to 32 in. long by 3 to 
13 in. broad, pellucid-punctate, entire or obsoletely crenulate on 
the margin. Male inflorescence pyramidal, terminal, exceeding 
the leaves, nearly a foot long, with alternate spike-like ascending 
branches, nearly glabrous; ultimate pedicels short, not or scarcely 
equalling the flowers ; lower primary branches of the inflorescence 
3 in. long, the upper ones gradually shorter; flowers numerous, 
crowded ; calyx small, irregularly 4-cleft ; petals 4, often marked 
with impressed dots, ;1, in. long, alternate with the calyx-lobes, 
reddish or whitish-reddish, arching-reflexed in the open flower ; 
stamens 4, exserted, } in. long, alternate with the petals; ovary 
rudimentary, on a quadrangular disk, 


GoLunGo ALTO.—In wooded situations, in Sobato de Bumba and 
Bango; by the road leading to Bango, with male flowers, in the 
middle of Dec. 1855. No. 4558. 


The following Nos., all (so far as localised) from the district of 


Golungo Alto, belong to the same species, or are nearly related 
to it :— 


A small tree ; leaves densely pellucid-punctate ; fruit (not yet quite 
ripe) green ; infructescence shorter than the leaves, 4 to 43 in. long ; 
fruit shortly stipitate, marked with impressed dots ; in forests amongst 
the mountains of Capopa, April 1856. No. 4559. A small tree, 20 ft. 
high, with elongated branches leafy at the apex, and white flowers ; 
Zenzas de Queta, with shortly stipitate dotted fruits, June 1856. 
No. 4574. With male tetramerous flowers. No notes with this 
number. No. 4575. 


4, Z. rubescens Planch. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 270 (1849) ; 
Oliv., Z.c., p. 305. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A small tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, with the habit of 
the Mountain Ash; branches thin, elongate-virgate, variously bent, 
patent, prickly, with strong spines ; leaflets pellucid-punctate ; flowers 
corymbose, white ; fruits of a brilliant vermilion colour ; seeds black, 
shining. In the dense more elevated forests of the mountains of Serra 
de Alto Queta, Zengas do Queta, fr. end of March 1856. No. 4572. 
Cou. Carp. 303. A small tree, with the habit of an Ash, and with 
white flowers. In mountainous situations, Serra de Alto Queta. 
No. 4573. Branches erect-patent, as well as the branchlets aculeate ; 
petioles sparingly aculeate ; leaflets above dark green, rather glossy, 
below pale green, very delicately white-lepidote, sparingly supplied 
with transparent dots, crenate on the margin and bearing a transparent 
glandular dot in the hollow of each crenature ; flowers dicecious, white, 
a little fragrant ; calyx small, almost flat, deeply 5- (or rather 4-) 
toothed, with erect-patent teeth whitish-membranous on the margin ; 
petals 4, ovate-oblong, white, many times longer than the calyx, broad 
at the base, alternate with the calyx-teeth, hypogynous ; stamens rudi- 
mentary, 4, gland-like, opposite to the calyx-teeth, 2 of them more 
developed than the rest, ovaries 2, obovate, combined at the base, free 
at the apex, 1-celled, 2-ovuled ; style of each ovary 1, combined at the 
apex with the style of the other ovary in a capitate-peltate flattish 


8 


114 XXX. RUTACES. [ Zanthoxylum 


sufficiently large stigma. At the skirts of the more elevated forests 
of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, near Quilengue, Zenzas de 
Queta, in female fl. middle of Dec. 1855. No. 4560. 


5. Z. citriodorum Welw. ms. in Herb. 

An erect glabrous shrub, with numerous stems and branches ; 
twigs and petioles aculeate ; prickles of the twigs nearly straight 
or a little curved. Leaves crowded near the ends of the twigs, 
alternate, impari-pinnate, 3-4-jugate, 3 to 44 in. long; petiole 
rather short ; leaflets ovate, rather obtusely pointed or acuminate 
at the apex, rounded at the base, pellucid-punctate, glossy and 
deep-green above, greenish-pallid beneath, more or less crenulate 
on the margin,'the lateral ones opposite, subsessile, 4 to 2 in. long 
by 3 to 1,1, in. broad, the upper pairs the larger. Infructescence 
sub-terminal, spiciform-paniculate, 2 to 3 in. long, erect or nearly 
so; capsules on short or very short pedicels, pea-shaped, ¢ to 7 in. 
long, seated at the apex of a very short gynophore, red, strongly 
smelling of lemon-peel ; calyx inferior, with 4 rather obtuse seg- 
ments ; pericarp dotted; seed black, shining, sub-globose; hilum 
circular. The ovate-oblong petals, in. long, in some cases persist 
at the base of the fruit. 

HvILua.—In the elevated thickets of Morro de Lopollo ; fr. March 
1860. No. 4561. A shrub 5 to 6 ft. high with very aromatic seeds, 
Couu. Carp, 304. 

The leaves not uncommonly are infested with a species of fungus. 
Welwitsch found an infusion of the immature capsules highly tonic 
and strengthening, and the drink had excellent effects on hysterical 
women, both native and European. 


6. Z. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

An elegant tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; branches spreading, slender, 
flexuous, with green lenticellate bark, glabrous up to the inflo- 
rescence, unarmed. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, 
digitately trifoliolate or occasionally bifoliolate or simple, glabrous ; 
leaflets elliptical or somewhat oblong, narrowed or acuminate at 
both ends or rounded or emarginate at the apex, glossy, pellucid- 
punctate, 2 to 8 in. long by 1 to 34 in. broad, thinly and rigidly 
coriaceous ; petiole # to 24 in. long; petiolule j=, to 7 in. long. 
Inflorescence axillary and terminal, 4 to 34 in. long, nearly simple 
or alternately branched, puberulous ; flowers sessile or subsessile, 
in little clusters arranged in a spicate manner, tetramerous, poly- 
gamous?, white or yellowish; calyx small; petals 45 in. long, 
valvate in estivation, ovate-oblong; stamens 4, glabrous, 4 in. 
long; filaments compressed, tapering upwards; anthers short, 
2-celled ; disk inconspicuous (in the male flowers). Fruit-carpels 
solitary, glabrous, unequally ovoid, rather more than j in. long 
and rather less in breadth, 1-celled ; seed solitary. 

Gotunco ALTo.—In the more elevated primitive forests of Serra de 
Alto Queta, the flower-buds remaining in the same state from April to 
Oct.; fl. end of Oct. 1855; rather rare. No. 4554. Fr. March 1855, 
sporadic. No. 4555. At tbe borders of the forests of Serra de Alto 
Queta, sporadic, seen always in flower-bud from March to the end of 
August ; April 1855 in flower and in flower-bud. No. 4556. 


[ Cranzia XXX. RUTACES. tL 


3. CRANZIA Schreb. Gen. i. p. 143 (March 1789); non Gmel. 
(1791). Zoddalia Juss. (July 1783); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl. i. p. 300. 


1, C. angolensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A small or moderate-sized tree; trunk sometimes attaining 
1 to 14 ft. in diam., soon dividing into spreading branches ; 
branchlets terete or somewhat angular, glabrate or puberulous. 
Leaves exstipulate, alternate, trifoliate, 3 to 12 in. long; petiole 
? to 3 in. long, more or less puberulous with short hairs ; lateral 
petiolules opposite, ;4, to 3 in. long, puberulous ; terminal petiolule 
4 to #in. long, somewhat puberulous; leaflets oval or elliptical, 
subacuminate or sometimes obtuse at the apex, more or less nar- 
rowed or wedge-shaped at the base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous 
except the puberulous midrib, somewhat glaucous or obscurely 
green, glossy and inconspicuously veined above, delicately net- 
veined beneath, 14 to 7 in. long, 4 to 2? in. broad. Inflorescence 
terminal or in the upper axils, pyramidal, 5 to 6 in. long, clothed 
with very short hairs mixed with rather longer ones; branches 
alternate ; ultimate pedicels about equalling the flowers in length. 
Flowers white, sweet-scented, rather fleshy, about § to 7 in. long; 
calyx small, not accrescent, green, with 4 or occasionally 5 shortly 
deltoid and abruptly acute segments, appressed to the petals in 
the bud but afterwards spreading; petals 4 (or rarely 5), ovate 
or ovate-lanceolate, white, rather fleshy, resinous-punctate, valvate 
in estivation, recurved-spreading in full flower, hypogynous, in- 
serted together with the stamens at the external base of the 
gynophore, alternate with the calyx-segments, 3 in. long; stamens 4 
(or rarely 5 or 6), alternating with the petals, exserted, glabrous, 
with filaments tapering from a flattened base, and cordiform 
yellow-white 2-celled (cells diverging) introrse longitudinally de- 
hiscing anthers attached at the middle to the apex of the fila- 
ment; gynophore short, circular, glandular, surrounded at the 
basal margin with rather rigid persistent hairs; ovary didymous 
{or very rarely tridymous or tricoccous, as in Euphorbiacee), 
seated on the gynophore, rather compressed; style thick, very 
short (or styles 2, nearly distinct at the base and combined at the 
apex) ; stigma peltate, with 2 spreading rounded or oblong obtuse 
thick lobes; ovary after flowering 2-celled, cells 1-ovuled ; ovule 
pendulous. Fruit obliquely ellipsoidal, glabrous, 3 to 4 in. long, 
somewhat fleshy, dotted, 2-celled, 1- (or 2-) seeded. Seed pendulous, 
solitary, obliquely ellipsoidal, similar in form to the containing 
fruit-cell, exalbuminous ; embryo with unequal cotyledons. 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—At the borders of primitive forests, in Sobato de 
Bumba, along the banks of the rivulet Quiapoza ; very scarce ; fr. April 
1854, fl. Nov. 1855. No. 4552. Fl. 11 Dec 1854; the leaflets bore 
a very glossy species of lichen. No. 4553. 


4, GLYCOSMIS Correa de Serra; Benth. & Hook. f.Gen. Pl. i. 303. 
1. G. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 
A small bushy tree, with the habit of a Bay-laurel (Lawrus 


116 XXX, RUTACER, [ Glycosmis 


nobilis L.), 8 to 12 ft. high; branches erect-patent, glabrous, 
copiously leafy ; leaves evergreen, coriaceous, very rigid, quite dry 
even in the living state, glossy, glandular-dotted, alternate, ex- . 
stipulate, unifoliolate, glabrous, rather pallid; petiole 3 to 1 in. 
long, jointed at both ends, marked with two quasi-decurrent 
lines; leaflet elliptical or somewhat oblong or obovate, mostly 
narrowed at both ends, entire, 2 to 74 in. long by ? to 2 in. 
broad, with numerous not conspicuous veins and _ net-veins. 
and narrowly revolute margin. Infructescence axillary and 
lateral, racemose, about 1 in. long, 4-8-fruited, glabrous ; 
pedicels shorter than the fruit. Fruit (immature) obovoid, 
glabrous, 4 to 3 in. long, black, baccate or drupaceous, but: 
little juicy, 2-celled; cells unequal, the larger one containing 
a small imperfect seed and collaterally a perfect seed occupying 
the chief portion of the cell with a long attachment to the upper 
part of the dissepiment, the smaller cell containing 1 or 2 small 
imperfect seeds; embryo half the length of the perfect seed ; 
cotyledons equal; radicle very short. Fruiting calyx small, 
inferior, 4, in. diam., with 4? rounded or apiculate segments, 
saucer-shaped. 

ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—On dry bushy rocky hills between Camutanda 
and Quicanda, in young fr. Sept. 1857; also in mountainous rocky 
situations above Tandambondo, in young fr. Sept. 1854. No. 471. 

This should be compared with G. africana Hook. f., which however 
has rather shorter infructescence and petioles. 


5. CLAUSENA Burm. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 304. 


1. C. anisata Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v., Suppl. p. 34 (1861), 
FI. Trop. Afr. i. p. 308, non Hook. f. 

Var. multijuga (Welw. ms. in Herb.). 

A shrub or almost a small elegant tree, 7 to 12 ft. high ; 
branches far-reaching, almost sarmentose, slender; branchlets 
clothed with a very short closely set puberulence, leafy. Leaves 
pinnate, alternate or sub-opposite, crowded at the extremities of 
the branches, exstipulate, 3 to 10 in. long; petiole 3 to 1 in. long ; 
petiolules mostly very short; leaflets alternate or sub-opposite, 
17 to 32, obliquely ovate or lanceolate, often acuminate at the 
apex, unequally narrowed at the base, pellucid-punctate with im- 
pressed glands, fragrant when rubbed, emitting a very agreeable 
aroma like that of oranges and lemons, glabrate or puberulous on 
the midrib and margin, membranous, pale green on both surfaces, 
entire or minutely crenulate, 4 to 2 in. long by } to 3 in. broad. 
Inflorescence in the upper axils and subterminal, 4 to 9 in. long, 
puberulous, narrow, paniculate, many-flowered, erect or ascending ; 
ultimate pedicels short. Flowers hermaphrodite, white; buds 
globose-clavate, 4-gibbous, 3 in. in diam. ; calyx small, puberulous, 
4-cleft ; lobes ovate ; petals 4, densely beset with little protuberant 
green-yellowish glands; stamens 8, 4 opposite the calyx-lobes and 
4. opposite the petals ; stigma 4-lobed. Young fruit baccate, flask- 
shaped, dotted with impressed glands, which emit an aroma like 


Clausena | XXX. RUTACE. 117 


that of the leaflets, ellipsoidal, } in. in diam., 1-celled, 1-seeded ; 
seed pendulous. 

GoLunco ALrTo.—In the elevated primitive forests of Quilombo 
Quiacatubia and about the spring of Capopa, fl. Nov. 1855; in the 
densest forests, about 2,200 ft. of altitude, in Sovado de Quilombo, not 
uncommon ; in young fr. Jan. 1855. No. 1820. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—In elevated bushy rocky stations, Pedra Cazella, 
fl. April 1857. No. 1321. 


2. C. impunctata Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A slender shrub, 7 to 9 ft. high ; branches twisted and bent in 
various directions as if climbing, glabrous, lenticellate, armed at 
the base of the spreading unarmed branchlets with two recurved 
‘red spines. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, impari-pinnate, 2-4- 
jugate, 3 to 6 in. long; petiole 7 to 1 in. long, short puberulous ; 
petiolules mostly very short; terminal leaflet usually lobed- 
toothed, 12 to 2 in. long, membranous; lateral leaflets usually 
opposite, ovate, 2 to 1% in. long by 3 to 3 in. wide, more or less 
narrowed at both ends, glabrous except the narrow shortly puberu- 
lous or glabrate midrib and principal veins, membranous, green 
on both sides, rather paler beneath, not pellucid-punctate, nearly 
entire or somewhat crenate-dentate along the margin of the upper 
part. Infructescence in the upper axils and terminal, in lax 
cymes, shorter than the leaves, 13 to 2 in. long, shortly puberulous ; 
pedicels slender, ranging up to 3 in. long. Immature fruits drupa- 
ceous, green, subglobose, + to } in. in diam., superior, based by the 
remains of an apparently small calyx, divided into cells; young 
seeds pendulous. 

CGazEnco.—In thickets at the rivulet Luce, not far from its conflu- 
ence with the river Luinha, rather rare ; in young fr. end of Dec. 1804. 
No. 1317. 

3. C. melioides Hiern, sp. n. 

A small or moderate-sized dicecious tree, with the habit of a 
Melia or Ekebergia ; branches spreading, long, curved ; branchlets 
unarmed, dark green, lenticellate, glabrate except the puberulous 
copiously leafy extremities. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, deci- 
duous, impari-pinnate, 3-5-jugate, 3 to 12 in. long; petiole 2 to 
22 in. long, glabrate or slightly puberulous, rather slender ; lateral 
petiolules mostly opposite, very short, glabrate or nearly so ; lateral 
leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, narrowly acuminate at the apex, 
oblique at the base, glabrous or nearly so, membranous, dark green 
above, paler green beneath, obscurely pellucid-punctate, with 
slender venation, ranging up to 4 in. long by 13 in. broad, margin 
entire or nearly so, scattered with glands; terminal leaflet ovate 
or obovate, equally wedge-shaped at the base, about as large as 
the next lateral leaflets; terminal petiolule ranging up to 3 in. 
long. Flowers numerous, ¢ to ; in. long, of a pale-sulphur colour, 
arranged in panicles 2 to 4 in. long which spring with the young 
leaves from the divisions of the branchlets close to the extremities ; 
calyx very small, deeply 4-cleft, shortly pubescent, with unequal 
triangular or broadly ovate ultimately spreading segments ; 


118 XXX. RUTACES. [Clausena 


pedicels ranging up to 2 in. long; petals 4 (in the female flowers 
occasionally 5 or very rarely 6), oblong or oval-oblong, obtuse, 
concave, imbricate in estivation, quickly deciduous, rather erect 
in the male flower but patent in the female flower. In the male 
flower stamens 8 (or 7), equal, glabrous, + in. long, free ; filaments 
flattened, somewhat tapering towards the apex; anthers cordate- 
oblong, not apiculate, 2-celled, of a deep yellow colour, longi- 
tudinally dehiscing; ovary rudimentary, glabrous, prominent. 
In the female flowers stamens wholly wanting ; ovary subsessile, 
glabrous, surrounded at the base by the adnate annular sufliciently 
high disk, sub-spherical, obtusely 4-5-angled, dotted all over, 4-5- 
celled; ovules pendulous, solitary? in each cell; style central, 
thick, short, surrounded by a rounded papillose-viscid obtusely 
4-5-angled stigma. Fruit baccate, green, glandular-punctate, 
resinous, glabrous, depresso-globose, but somewhat 2-5-furrowed 
longitudinally, + to 3 in. in diam., marked with numerous impressed 
dots, with 2 or more cells; pedicels ranging up to % in. long. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—In thickets in hilly situations, at the right bank of 
the river Cuango, near the road leading to Ambaca, rather rare, with 
male flowers 31 Oct. 1855. No. 1815. In the same locality, 300 paces 
from the trees with male flowers, with female flowers April 1854 and 
with immature fruit Oct. 1855. Nos. 18150, 1316. 

The dicecious character of this species is exceptional, not only in the 
genus, but also in the tribe Aurantiez, in which it is placed. 


Citron, Citrus medica Li.; var. acida (Roxb.). GoLuNnco ALTO.— 
Established, perhaps formerly introduced and cultivated, or possibly 
wild ; in secondary thickets, at the entrance to Mata de Quisuculo in 
Sobato de Bango ; fl. Sept. 1855 and April 1856. Nos. 1319, 13190. 


Orange, C. Aurantium L. GoLtunco ALTO.—Frequently cultivated 
throughout the district ; near Undelle, fl. Feb. 1855. No. 1318. A 
specimen, without flowers or fruits, from the Island of St. Thomas, 
where the plant is called ‘“‘ Laranja Mucamba,” may be mentioned here. 


No. 6762. 


XXXII. SIMARUBEZ. 
1. HANNOA Planch. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 308. 


1. H. undulata Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. v. p. 567 
(1846); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 309. 

Simaba ? undulata Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. p. 136, t. 34 
(1832). 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A glabrous evergreen tree, 12 to 30 ft. high, with 
widely dilated leafy crown and spreading branches, or in young trees 
6 ft. high with few short erect-patent branches ; leaves impari-pinnate ; 
common petiole deeply channelled towards the base ; leaflets in 2 to 14 
pairs (besides the terminal one), opposite (or occasionally alternate), 
coriaceous and hard or on the radical shoots from the stumps of old 
trees chartaceous, deep green and somewhat glaucous-shining above, 
beneath much paler and glaucescent, in the dry state turning ferru- 
ginous, elliptic-obovate or obcordate, 2 to 4 in. long or on the radical 
shoots more oblong cuspidate and larger ; petiolules (except the terminal 
ones) not exceeding $ in., at length usually turned towards one side of 


Hannoa] XXXI, SIMARUBEZ. 119 


the rachis ; midrib prominent beneath, lateral veins nearly parallel, 
sub-horizontal, not prominent ; panicles terminal or axillary, shorter 
than or exceeding the leaves, 4 to 14 ft. long ; common peduncle com- 
pressed, 2-edged ; flowers whitish or pale-yellowish, scarcely scented, 
cymulose-fasciculate ; buds white ; calyx globose, at first closed, after- 
wards irregularly bursting into 4 or 5 rather deep segments which 
cohere in pairs to a great part of their height ; petals 5, imbricate, 
ovate-lanceolate, yellowish outside, sessile, inserted around the cup- 
shaped disk ; stamens 10, exserted, inserted with the petals and alter- 
nate with them ; filaments mounted on the back of a flattened elongated 
scale bearded at the apex ; ovary sunk in a fleshy pentagonal cup, pen- 
tagonal with obtuse very salient angles; style rather thick, crowned 
with 3 very small red stigmas. (In another flower, 3 sterile carpels 
appeared to exist within the fleshy cup.) The fruit is enjoyed by 
green parrots. In the damp rather elevated primitive forests of Serra 
de Alto Queta, sporadic ; fl. middle of May 1855, fr. July 1855. No. 1707. 
A branch with foliage of a young tree, in the same locality ; 26 Sept. 
1855 and July 1856. No. 17070. 


The following specimen of a small tree should be compared 
with Hannoa undulata Pl., and apparently belongs to that species ; 
it is without flower or fruit ; the leaves are glabrous, alternate, 24 to 
31 in. long, petiole 44 to 7 in., leaflets 14 to 19, the lateral ones, 
opposite, 3 to 74 in. long, the older ones ferruginous beneath :— 

GoLunco ALTO.—Queta, July 1855. No. 4541. 


2. BRUCEA Mill.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 311. 


1. B. antidysenterica J. F. Miller, Ic. Animal. et Plant. t. 25 
(1779); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 309. 

B. ferruginea L’ Heérit. Stirp. Nov. Ic. p. 19, t. 10 (1784-85). 

Punco ANDONGO.—A shrub of 4 ft. (or perhaps the up-growth from 
the stump of a mutilated tree) ; unripe drupes green, 1-seeded ; spo- 


radic, in secondary thickets within the lines of the fortifications, near 
Catete, Jan. 1857. No. 1246. 


3. AGIALID Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 508 (1763). Balanites 
Delile ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 314. 


1. A. egyptiaca O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 103 (Agialida). 
Balanites egyptiaca Delile Fl. Egypt. pp. 61, 221, t. 28, f. 1 
(13812). Oley. Wl. Trop; Afr. ay posts. 


Var. £. angolensis (Welw. Apont. p. 585, n. 22; Oliv., Z.c.). 
Balanites (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 560, under n. 141. 


AMBRIZ.—Occasionally in hilly places between Ambriz and Qui- 
sembo, sparingly in flower Noy. 1853. No. 17050. 

BarrA DO BENGO, LOANDA, and IcoLO E BENGO.—A much-branched 
shrub or small tree, 4 to 12 ft. high, very spiny in poor ground but in 
damp and rich soil sparingly spiny ; trunk straight ; leaves grey-green, 
coriaceous ; flowers greenish ; fruit of the size and shape of a moderate 
hazel-nut and of a bright orange-colour, not eaten by the negroes ; 
endocarp thin, crustaceous. Frequent in dry hilly places, flowering 
and fruiting nearly the whole year, usually in company with Cap- 
paride, around Loanda, Cacuaco, etc., to Prata. No. 1705. Cou. 
CarP. 305 and 320. 


120 XXXI, SIMARUBEA. [A gialid 


MossaAMEDES.—A small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high, with quite the habit of 
some Olacinee ; trunk erect ; crown intricately much-branched ; flowers 
greenish ; fruit scarlet, size of an acorn. A small-leaved form. Fre- 
quent on wooded slopes along the river Maiombo about Pomangala, 
elsewhere rarer or almost absent ; always in company with Capparidee ; 
fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 1706. 

In Angola the variety inhabits exclusively the littoral regions (Welw. 
Apont. p. 560, under n. 141). 


XXXII. OCHNACEX. 

This Family, although not numerous, is remarkable for the 
elegance of its habit, the peculiar lustre of its foliage and the 
brilliancy of its flowers and fruits, as well as by the large number 
of some of its species, which in certain hilly districts, in conjunc- 
tion with species of Dichapetalum, Rubiacez, and Filices, constitute 
the underwood of the forests. See Welwitsch, Apont. p. 565, n. 157. 


1, OCHNA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 317. 
1. O. membranacea Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 316. 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high ; branches divaricate, often 
horizontal or pendulous, slender ; leaves not always evergreen, 3 to 4 
by 1 to 2 in.; petioles about 4 in. long; stipules filamentous, long, 
caducous ; flowers paniculate, terminal and axillary ; panicles gracefully 
nodding ; calyx 5-sepalous, imbricate, the 3 outer segments herbaceous, 
the inner ones sub-corolline, reflexed about the time of flowering ; 
petals 5, yellow, obovate-spathulate, not unguiculate, equal, inserted 
on the rather fleshy torus, imbricate in estivation, spreading-reflexed 
at the time of flowering ; stamens more than 20, inserted on the torus 
above the petals, biseriate, all equal and fertile ; filaments more or less 
cylindrical, free, dilated at the apex into a little receptacle, inserted on 
which is found the cylindrical-compressed erect 2-celled anther as 
long as the filament and dehiscing at the apex by 2 round pores ; carpels 
5 or 6, whitish and almost hyaline at the apex; style hyaline, rather 
compressed, exceeding the stamens, at the apex incurved and crowned 
with a green peltate-capitate obscurely-lobed stigma. In very shady 
places, near waterfalls, among the mountains of Alto Queta, in flower- 
bud in August ; fl. Oct. 1855. No. 4596. Waterfall, river Cuanza ; in 
flower-bud August 1855. No. 6704. In theshade of primitive forests, 
end of July 1855. No. 6704b. (The last two doubtfully determined.) 

Var. rubescens. 

An erect shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high; leaves 33 to 7 by 1 to 24 in 
petioles about % in. or occasionally as much as % in. long; stipules 
4 to = in. long, compressed-filamentous, deciduous ; flowers orange- 
red; calyx enlarged after flowering, spreading, deep blood-red, 
1; to 13 in. diam. ; stamens indefinite; filaments filiform; disk 
ample, depresso-hemispherical, spongy-turgid, greenish-purple ; 
fruit-carpels 5 to 3, rather large, nearly 3 in. in the longest diam., 
reniform, black, smooth, transversely set in the sinuses, which 
are spotted with white; putamen crustaceous, 1-seeded ; seeds 
reniform, nearly 4 in. in diam., umbilicate in the sinus; testa 
thin, marked outside with crowded dark nerves which run from 
the umbilicus toward the back. 


Ochna| XXXII. OCHNACES. 121 


GoLUNGO ALTO.—Not uncommon, in rather dense woods of Sobato 
de Bumba and Serra de Alto Queta, at Capopa; with ripe fruit at the 
beginning of June 1856. No. 4601. Cou. Carp. 306. 


The following is very doubtful; it apparently belongs to this 
Order, and is perhaps best mentioned under this species :— 
CAZENGO.—At Muxaula, in fruit. No. 4698, 


2. 0. pulehra Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 588 (1843) (pulchrum); Oliv. FI. 
Mrop. Air. i. p; dolls 


Huitia.—A small glabrous tree, 5 to 8 ft. high, with divaricate 
branches and irregular ashy bark ; leaves obovate-oval, rounded and 
subapiculate or retuse at the apex, wedge-shaped at the shortly petiolate 
base, firmly coriaceous, subentire or spinulose-serrulate, smooth, 2 to 34 
by # to 13 in.; petiole } to } in. long; stipules narrowly linear, } to 
3 in. long, deciduous ; racemes many-flowered, 14 to 23 in. long, ter- 
minating the lateral branches ; pedicels 2 to 1 in. long, articulated at 
the base ; flowers depresso-globose, } to in. diam. after the fall of the 
petals ; sepals rounded, concave, $ in. long; anthers oblong, rather 
shorter than the filaments, dehiscing by apical pores ; carpels 7 ; style 
cleft from the apex. In woods of Proteacez, near Mumpulla, rather 
rare and sporadic ; in late fl. or young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4598. 


3. 0. Afzelii Br. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 319. 

O. Welwitschiz Rolfe in Henr. Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 84 (1893) 
ex parte. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Without notes. In young fruit. No. 4597. 


4, 0. Welwitschii Rolfe in Henr. Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 84 
(1893) ea parte. 


GoLtuNGo ALTO.—A glabrous tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, with trunk 
3 to 5 in. diam. at the base and patent branches ; leaves deciduous, 
not fully developed at the time of the opening of the flowers, obovate- 
oblong, obtusely narrowed or slightly and obtusely acuminate at the 
apex, somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, crenate-serrulate with teeth 
tipped by a small apiculus directed upwards and towards the adjacent 
sinus, shortly petiolate, thinly coriaceous in the adult state, 3 to 6 by 
11 to 14 in. ; venation delicately marked on both surfaces, meandering ; 
stipules small, ovate, caducous ; flowers greenish, fascicled at the 
extremities of short lateral shoots ; pedicels 3 to 8 together, 3 to 3 in. 
long ; sepals oval, obtuse, } in. long in flower, enlarged in fruit ; petals 
caducous (not seen) ; stamens numerous ; anthers oblong, dehiscing 
by lateral slits; carpels 7 to 10; style undivided. At the margins of 
woods, among the mountains of the Eastern Queta, fl. and young fr. 
Feb. and March 1855. No. 4594. At Quilombo-Quiacatubia, without 
flowers or fruits, middle of July 1856. No. 4595. 

The affinity of this species appears to be with O. leptoclada Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 318. 


5. 0. gracilipes Hiern, sp. n. 

A small glabrous shrub, 4 in. high ; branches divaricate, covered 
with uneven bark ; leaves oblanceolate, obtuse at the apex, wedge- 
shaped at the subsessile or shortly petiolate base, serrulate, firmly 
chartaceous, 2 to 3 by § to ? in.; tertiary veins pellucid ; stipules 
cleft, very deciduous ; flowers yellow, fascicled a few together on 
abbreviated axillary or lateral shoots ; peduncles slender, § to 1 in. 


122 XXXII. OCHNACES. [ Ochna 


long ; sepals oval, j in. long ; petals obovate, narrowed at the base, 
not unguiculate, 3 in. long, deciduous ; stamens numerous ; anthers 
oblong, dehiscing laterally; carpels about 7; style undivided ; 
stigma subcapitate, somewhat lobed. 


Hviitia.—In rough stony thickets, at an elevation of 5,000 ft. above 
the sea, by Lopollo, sparingly ; fl. at end of Oct. 1859. No. 4599. 

Nearly related to O. alboserrata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 75 (1893) 
a white-flowered species from the Zanzibar coast. 


6. 0. pygmea Hiern, sp. n. 


Huiitia.—A dwarf glabrous shrub, 2 to 4 in. high, with numerous 
stems proceeding from a thick woody rhizome ; bark uneven ; leaves 
ascending ; narrowly oblanceolate, apiculate or emarginate, wedge- 
shaped to the subsessile base, crenulate-serrulate with apiculate teeth, 
firmly coriaceous, 14 to 2 by 3 to 2 in.; stipules lanceolate, about 
4 in. long, deciduous; flowers about 2 together, axillary or lateral ; 
peduncles 4 to tin. long; sepals oval, about 4 in. long in flower, 2 in. 
long in fruit, reddish in the dry state ; petals orbicular, with a short 
claw at the base, pale, rather shorter than the sepals ; anthers oblong, 
longer than the short slender filaments, dehiscing laterally ? ; carpels 5 ; 
style rather long, undivided except the apex, curving ; fruit 4 in. long ; 
seeds nearly as long, thick. In shortly bushy pastures between Mumpulla 
and Humpata, in company with dwarf species of Combretacez and 
Myrtacee ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4600. 


2. OURATEA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guian. i. p. 397, t. 152 (1775). 
Gomphia Schreb. (1789), Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 318. 


1. O. affinis Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 79 (1893). 
Gomphia affinis Hook. f.in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 274 (1849) ; Oliv. 
El. Trop Air 7p. 320: 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A pretty evergreen shrub, 23 to 7 ft. high, ever- 
green, much branched ; leaves narrowly elliptical or somewhat obovate, 
acuminate, apiculate, wedge-shaped at the base, 13 to 4 by 2 to 1} in., 
thinly coriaceous, serrulate-wavy or subentire, glossy, deep-green, with 
close parallel and minute lateral veins ; panicles axillary, lateral or sub- 
terminal, about the length of the leaves; flowers yellow or almost 
orange-coloured ; sepals lanceolate, + to 4 in. long, at first green, after- 
wards bright red, persistent ; petals oval-oblong, caducous, yellow ; 
anthers sessile, elongate-linear ; carpels 5 or 4; drupes red. In dense 
primitive woods of the mountains of Alto Queta ; fl. March 1855, with 
the fruit fallen in Nov. 1854. No. 4602. In the more elevated parts 
of the mountains of Alto Queta; fl. and fr. 28 Feb. 1855. No. 46020. 
In the woods of the mountains of Alto Queta ; in late fl. and fr. March 
1855. No. 4608. 

This species is doubtfully distinct from Gomphia calophylla Hook. 
EeglsGs 

2. O. reticulata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 79 (1893). 

Gomphia reticulata P. de Beauv. Fl. d’Ow. ii. p. 22, t. 72 (1807) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 320. 

Var. ? andongensis. 

A small tree, 8 to 12 ft. high; trunk scarcely 14 in. thick, 
straight, naked, patently branched towards the apex ; leaves oval- 
oblong, obtuse or shortly acute, apiculate or retuse, more or less 


Ouratea | XXXII, OCHNACEA. 123. 


wedge-shaped at the base, firmly coriaceous, serrate with shallow 
acute callous-tipped teeth, shining at least on the upper surface 
with a metallic lustre, 2 to 7 by § to 2 in. ; lateral veins arching, 
not very close nor very conspicuous; petiole ;4; to 3 in. long, 
wrinkled, broad ; stipules about equalling the young petiole, with 
two acutely prolonged points; panicles terminal, rather densely 
sub-corymbose, 2 to 4 in. diam., shortly pedunculate or subsessile ; 
peduncle 12 in. or shorter ; pedicels 7 to 3 in. long, articulate near 
the base, usually fascicled or approximated; sepals quincuncial 
in the bud, 2} to 4 in. long in flower, concave, ovate-oval, obtuse ; 
petals orange-yellow (in the dry state), obovate, dextrorsely con- 
volute in sstivation as seen from above; anthers sessile, thick, 
narrower upwards, about 7; carpels 5; fruiting sepals revolute, 
= in. long; fruit 3 in. diam. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Frequent in shady places in Mata de Pungo ; fi. 
and young fr. Jan. 1857. No. 4604. In fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. No. 4605. 


Var.? nutans. 

An evergreen shrub, virgately branched; branchlets slender, 
elongated, nodding; leaves! elliptic-oblong, mostly acuminate or 
acute, rather wedge-shaped at the base, chartaceous, crenulate- 
serrulate, 4 to 8 by 12 to 2 in. ; lateral veins not very close, patent 
and arching forwards; petiole about 3 in. long ; stipules caducous, 
extra-axillary, with apparently 2 acute prolonged points ; panicles 
terminal, elongated, nodding, loosely branched, shortly pedunculate ; 
pedicels patent, mostly fascicled 2 to 4 together or approximated, 
4 to 2 in. long, articulated about the middle ; sepals oval, $ in. long, 
in flower, obtuse; petals obovate, nearly 3 in. long; anthers about 8, 
sessile, thick below, narrowing upwards. 

PrInceE’s IsLanD.—In wooded spots of cultivation of Pico de Papa- 
gaio, at elevation of 2,000 to 3,000 ft., in company with Hermannia, 
Gleichenia, and Lycopodium cernuum ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 4606. 


XXXII. BURSERACE A. 


1. BALSAMEA Gleditsch in Schrift. Ber]. Gesellsch. Naturf. 
Fr. ili. p. 127 (1782). 

Commiphora Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. ii. p. 66, t. 249 (1797); Balsa- 
modendron Kunth (1824), Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 323. 


1. B. africana Baill. Hist. Pl. v. p. 295 (1874). 

Heudelotia africana A. Rich, in Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. 
p. 150, t. 39 (1832). Balsamodendron africanum Arn. in Ann. 
Nat. Hist. iii. p. 87 (1839); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 325. Com- 
miphora africana Engl, in DC. Mon. Phan. iv. p. 14 (1883). 

Loanpa.—A low densely-branched shrub, with decumbent or ascend- 
ing occasionally hard-spinous branches; leaves trifoliolate ; flowers 
polygamous, from yellow to reddish ; drupes glossy-purple, of the size 
and shape of a pea. On dry hills behind the city of Loanda, from 
Alto das Cruzes up to Maianga ; fr. without fl. Dec. 1858. No. 4497. 
A small bush on the bare reddish-sandy hills in Maiongo do Povo; fr. 
No. 4498. Leaves larger, ranging up to 43 in. long. No. 4498). Excursion. 


124 XXXIII. BURSERACES. | Balsamea 


to Praia do Bispo; in leaf July 1858. No. 4500. In flower-bud, 
without foliage. No. 4501. 


The following two Nos., represented by poor specimens, should 
be compared with this species :— 


Bumpo.—A shrub, 3 to 5 ft., divaricately branched, leafless at the 
time of gathering. In shrubby situations near Bruco, abundant; in 
young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4506. 

MossaMepvEes.—A low twisted shrub; branchlets patent; drupes 
reddish, more or less viscid. On stony hills between Quipola and Pao ; 
fr. without leaves Jan. 1860. No. 4504. 


2. B. longebracteata Hiern. 
Commiphora longebracteata Engl., l.c., p. 19. 


Loanpba and IcoLo E BENGo.—A resinous tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, 
with a much-branched ample crown; leaves fasciculate at the apex 
of the branchlets, impari-pinrate, 2-3-jugate or trifoliolate ; flowers 
dicecious, tetramerous ; stamens 8. In thickets between Conceicao and 
Teba, rather rare; male fl. end of Nov. 1858. No. 4494. A much- 
branched bush, 8 to 10 ft. high, rarely higher ; crown dilated ; branches 
and branchlets flexuous, grey ; leaves 1-2-jugate, the terminal leaflet 
always the largest, all rather rigidly chartaceous, dull green above, bright 
green beneath with pellucid veinlets ; calyx adhering to the base of the 
drupe, 4-toothed ; drupe obovoid-oblong, but little compressed, reddish, 
glabrous, occasionally bi-sulcate, containing within the resinous-viscid 
flesh the rather viscid 1-seeded putamen apparently resulting from a 
2-3-celled ovary with the cells mostly abortive ; immature seed appar- 
ently globose, attached near the apex of the cavity or a little below it. 
On sandy-clayey hills between Quicuxe, Cacuaco and Teba ; young fr. 
August 1858. Native name ‘ Calusangé.” No. 4495. A bush fre- 
quently branched from the base; trunk 4 in. diam. ; bark smooth, 
greenish-white, splitting in thin plates like that of Betula alba ; leafless 
at the time of flowering. A decoction of the bark is often employed 
by the negroes as a remedy in the case of flatulent colic. Rather rare 
in sandy steep situations above the city of Loanda near Alto das 
Cruzes ; in leaf without either fl. or fr. 8 Dec. 1858. Called ‘ Calu- 
sange.” No. 4496. 


3. B. angolensis Hiern. 
Commiphora angolensis Engl., l.c., p. 24. 


LoAnpDA.—On low hills between Teba and Cacuaco ; fl. Dec. 1853. 
No. 4485. Fr. No. 4486. By the road from Quicuje to the Represa 
Ricardo ; fr. 7 Feb. 1859. The ‘“ Calusange” tree (a name also used 
for B. longebracteata, and in Zenza do Golungo for Peucedanum fraxini- 
folium Hiern). No. 4488. This No. is quoted by Engler, /.c., for this 
species, though it seems scarcely to differ from C. longebracteata Engl. 

PuNGO ANDONGO.—In fr. ; apparently this species. No. 4487. 

MossAMEDES.—A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high. In shrubby situations at 
the river Maiombo, near Cazimba ; without fl. June 1860. Very doubt- 
fully referred to this species. No. 6747. 


4, B. Welwitschii Hiern. 

Commiphora Welwitschit Engl., l.c., p. 22. 

HvILia.—A shrub of 3 to 5 ft. In the shrubby parts of Ferrao da 
Sola; fr. Jan. 1860. No, 4493. As tall as a man, patently branched ; 


flowers of a whitish rose colour. In rocky places, Cume de Serra da 
Xella ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4492, 


Balsamea | XXXIII. BURSERACEE. 125. 


Bumpo.—A shrub of 6 ft., almost a little tree; calyx-lobes 4, acu- 
minate ; petals 4, erect, valvate ; stamens 8, unequally long, inserted 
on the disk below its margin ; disk urceolate, with a free margin. In 
bushy places near Bruco ; fl. without leaves Oct. 1859, No. 4491. 


5. B. Mulelame Hiern, sp. n. 

Commiphora (sp.), Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p. 114 (1884). 

A dicecious tree, 12 to 25 ft. high, glabrous in most parts, leaf- 
less at the time of flowering; trunk straight; crown dilated; 
branches divaricately spreading, spinous by some of the branchlets 
becoming abortive and terminating in hard acute points ; epidermis 
of the bark greenish-white, quite smooth, separating in very thin 
layers after the fashion of the skin of Betwla alba L. Inflores- 
cence at or near the apex of short branchlets or lateral, 3 to 17 in. 
long, glabrous or very nearly so; peduncles j to ? in. long, 
branched at the apex; ultimate pedicels very short; bracteoles 
ovate, small; flower-buds scarlet ; flowers tetramerous, 3 in. long ; 
calyx 3, in. long, reddish, shortly cleft, tube somewhat funnel- 
shaped, lobes deltoid; petals oblong, valvate or nearly so in 
eestivation ; stamens 8, of which 4 are longer than the others and 
pale greenish-yellow turning reddish and rather fleshy. 

GoLtunco ALTO.—On wooded hills, at the skirts of little woods of 
Dichrostachys, along the right bank of the rivulet Chixe ; fl. Sept. 1857. 
Negro name in this district “Mulelame,” and in Libongo “ Mun- 
golo” ?. No. 4489. Near the stream Chixe, in little woods of Acacia, 
rather rare ; with young fl. Sept. 1854. No. 4502. 

The following two Nos. in fruit have the branches of the 
infructescence clothed with short hairs, and should be compared 
with this species; the drupes are irregularly oval, about 3 in. 
long, somewhat compressed, 1-seeded and based by a small 4-cleft 
hairy calyx :— 

Lizonco.—A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, much branched ; bark smooth, 
white-greenish, throwing off the epidermis in plates as does Betula 
alba lu.; branches patent, densely ramulose ; leaves impari-pinnate 
(not shown on the specimen), absent in the winter (July and August). 
Probably dicecious. Abundant in the drier forests and still more 
abundant on the dry hills, in company with species of Aloé, from 


Libongo to Bombo ; very sparingly in fr. Sept. 1858. Negro name 
“Mungdlo.” No. 4499. 

Goxiunco ALto.—A much-branched bush, 10 ft. high ; bark smooth, 
white-greenish, the epidermis separating in thin plates as in Betula 
alba L.; leaves absent at the time of fruiting ; drupes pea-shaped, 
black-reddish, a little juicy. Perhaps a female plant of the tree 
Mulelame. In shrubby situations on the right bank of the rivulet 
Chixe, between Calélo and Mongolo; fr. beginning of Sept. 1857. 
No. 4490. 


6. B. (2) fraxinoides Hiern, sp. n. 

A tree, 30 to 35 ft. high, with the habit of an Ash ; branchlets 
dark-ashy, minutely warted, glabrate, resinous?, pubescent and 
leafy at the apex; leaves (young) alternate, crowded, exstipulate, 
pinnate, usually pari-pinnate and 4-jugate, 6 to 8 in. long or 
more ; petioles slender, furrowed, glabrate, 1 to 13 in. long; leaflets 


126 XXXII. BURSERACE. [ Balsamea 


elliptical-oblong, rather obtusely narrowed at both ends, mem- 
branous, somewhat dentate along the upper part, subsessile, 
1 to 23 in. long by 3 to 13 in. broad, glabrescent. Infructescence 
lateral or axillary near the tops of the branches, paniculate, 3 to 
43 in. long, a little hairy in the upper part; calyx 4-fid or un- 
equally 5-fid; lobes small, obtuse, ciliolate; ovary 2-celled ; cells 
2-ovuled ; ovules pendulous from the upper part of the cell, 
collateral; style rather long, glabrous, bifid at the apex; young 
fruit ellipsoidal, rather compressed, 3 in. long; seed solitary. 

GoLtunao ALToO.—Capopa ; in young fr. Feb. 1856. No. 4544. 

7. B. (2) multijuga Hiern, sp. n. 

A glabrous dicecious shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high, branched from the 
base; branches spreading, elongated; branchlets patent, short, 
tapering ; resin-canals large; bark fuscous; leaves alternate, more 
or less crowded at the extremities of the branchlets, impari-pinnate, 
about 8-10-jugate, 6 to 8 in. long or more; common petiole 17 to 
13 in. long, rather slender ; petiolules 3 to 4 in. long, very slender ; 
leaflets (young) irregularly elliptical, narrowed at both ends, often 
sinuous or repand, membranous, 3 to 1} in. long by j to 3 in, broad. 
Male inflorescence lateral on the branchlets, spreading, 3 to 2 in. 
long ; common peduncle # to 4 in. long, few-flowered, often clustered 
a few together; pedicels short; flowers tetramerous, purplish ; 
calyx-lobes shortly deltoid; petals twice as long as the calyx- 
lobes ; stamens 8 (?), unequal, inserted on the margin of the disk 
which fills the calyx-tube. 

MossaAMEDES.—In mountainous rocky situations between Cazimba and 
Pomangala, but abundant in only one spot; male fl. June 1860. No. 4503. 


8. B. (?) foliolosa Hiern, sp. n. 

A hard very rigid erect shrub, 3 to 6 ft. high, resembling in habit 
a Schotia, much branched; branches tortuous ; branchlets numerous, 
patent, short, rough, at length nodulose, leafy. Inner bark sup- 
plied with rather few and small intercellular resinous canals. 
Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, pari- or impari-pinnate, 5-9-jugate, rarely 
10-jugate; common petiole short, crowded, clothed with short 
hairs ; leaflets obliquely obovoid, entire or sub-repand, emarginate 
at the apex, unequal at the base, glabrous or nearly so, overlapping 
or approximated, + to 4 in. by } to 3 in., rather glossy, very bright 
green, thinly coriaceous, pinnately venulose, rather rigid. Fruit 
baccate, rather dry, ovoid, 4 in. long, glabrous, glossy, tipped with 
the hardened style, greenish-red outside, 1-seeded ; seed filling the 
whole of the cavity, exalbuminous; embryo large, bright green ; 
radicle lateral, turned downwards ; cotyledons thick, hemispherical, 
horizontal. 

Huiiua.—In rocky places, along the cataracts of the river of Lopollo 
and Monino, rather rare ; fr. middle of Dec. 1859. No. 4507. 

There is another species of the genus in the collection which is 
without flower or fruit :— 

MossaAMEDES.—A low twisted shrub, extremely resinous in all parts ; 
stems thick, the stem sometimes swollen at the base into a flask-like 


Balsamea| XXXIII. BURSERACES. i 


shape ; leaves trifoliolate. By the red-sandy rocks at the base of Serra 
de Montes Negros, 10 August 1859. No. 1253. 

No. 4505 is a leaf of a bush which grew amongst the rocks at the 
bottom of the bed of the river Bero, near the copper-mine ; its trunk 
resembled in form a narrow-necked water-jug. Genus doubtful. 


2. CANARIUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 324. 


1. ©. edule Hook. f. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 285 
(1849) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 327; Engl. in DC. Mon. Phan. iv. 
p. 144 (1883). 

C. Mubafo Ficalho in Bol. Soc. Geogr. Lisboa, ser. 1. p. 611. 


CazENGO.—Tree supplying Gum Elemi ; at Dalatanda ; flower-bud 
June 1855. No. 4482, <A tree, 30 to 70 ft. high, with grey-whitish 
bark, abounding with an aromatic resin; branches spreading, tuber- 
culate ; branchlets furrowed, marked after the fall of the leaves with 
cruciform scars ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets dryly coriaceous, rigid, 
glossy-green above, paler beneath ; petioles many-furrowed ; inflores- 
cence paniculate-thyrsoid, ferruginous-lepidote, as are likewise the 
younger branchlets. In the less dense forests, near Caculo, Dalatanda, 
etc., sporadic ; in flower-bud and ripe fr. 2 Sept. 1855, fl. middle of 
Sept. 1855 and beginning of Sept. 1856. Native name ‘“‘Mubafo” or 
“N-bafo.” No. 4483. Seeds in August 1855. Cou. Carp. 307. 
Seed 12 Sept. 1856. Cont. Carp. 308. On the leaflets of Mubafo 
grow the lichen n. 262 (Strigula complanata Mont.). 

Puneo ANDoNGO.—Gum Elemi. CoLu. Carp. 3070. 

GABOON.—Gum Elemi. CoLu. CARP. 307c. 

IsLAND oF Str. THomas.—Fruit purplish Dec. 1860; fl. August and 
Sept. Native name “Saffu.” No. 4484, Native name “ Saft-safi.” 
CoLu. Carp. 309. See Brown in Tuckey, Congo, p. 474 (1818). 

This is the species of Canarium referred to by Welwitsch, Apont. 
p. 565 under n. 156, which he states has two large stipules at the base 
of each leaf ; unless these are to be considered as the lowest pair of 
leaflets, the plant is exceptional in the Family, the leaves of which are 
characterised as exstipulate. 

The Gum Elemi trickles down in great quantity from incisions made 
in the trunk, and the natives employ the resin, which possesses a 
peculiar aromatic smell, in the form of a plaster to cure wounds ; they 
also frequently bring it to the markets at the coast, where the druggists 
and other colonists buy it at the price of 100 to 200 milreis per lb., and 
at times at a much dearer rate, for similar purposes. The fruit is oily, 
and serves the natives to season various comestibles. The Mubafo 
occurs in the primitive forests in the districts of Cazengo and Pungo 
Andongo, and in greater abundance in that of Talamungongo and 
neighbouring territories. The powdered bark is used by the natives 
in the treatment of syphilitic and scorbutic ulcers. (See Welwitsch, 
Synopse, p. 35, n. 94, and p. 56, n. 149.) 

There is a poor specimen from the Island of St. Thomas, a woody 
branch without either flower or fruit, which perhaps belongs to the 
genus Canarium ; the local name is “ Paéo Oleo.” No. 6770. 


3. SANTIRIOPSIS Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi., Beibl. No. 26, p. 6 (1890). 
1. S. balsamifera Engl., dc. 
Santiria? balsamifera Oliv. in Hook. Ie. t. 1573 (Feb. 1887). 
Cf. Sorindeia? trimera Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 441; Ficalho, Pl. 
Ut. p. 277 (1884). 


128 XXXIII. BURSERACE. | Santiriopsis 


IsLAND oF St. THomas.—A tree, the trunk of which when wounded 
exudes a balsam. No. 4550. Dec. 1860. No. 6767. Monte Caffé. 
The branches of the tree afford the Balsam of St. Thomas ; sent by 
Sen. Velloso, Dec. 1860. No. 6768. 

The Balsam of St. Thomas is much sought after in the island on 
account of its reputation for quickly healing wounds and ulcers. The 
tree is of moderate height, with pinnate and evergreen leaves. During 
Welwitsch’s short stay in the island, he was unable to discover speci- 
mens either in flower or fruit. (See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 48,n. 131.) 


4, ZANHA Hiern, gen. nov. 


Flowers dicecious. Calyx turbinate; limb 4- or very rarely 
5-cleft ; lobes valvate in the bud. In the male flowers petals 0 ; 
stamens 4 (or in the very rare pentamerous calyx 5), exserted, 
attached at the bottom of the calyx-tube to the internal face of 
the glandular disk ; filaments cylindrical, equally thick throughout 
their entire length, irregularly and many times curved ; anthers 
shortly ovoid-oblong, basifixed, 2-celled; cells opposite, longitudi- 
nally dehiscing ; rudiments of the ovary 0. Female flowers and 
fruit unknown. 

An unarmed tree with resinous bark, alternate branches and 
pinnate leaves. 


1. Z. golungensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A vast tree, 30 to 40 or 50 ft. high; trunk 34 ft. in diam. at 
the base ; branches patent ; branchlets scattered, ascending, densely 
clothed all over with circular or oblong reddish or brick-coloured 
verrucose scales, leafless at the time of flowering. Leaves glabrous, 
7 to 14 in. long; leaflets 9 to 13, opposite or alternate, oval-oblong, 
shortly and obtusely acuminate at the apex, unequal at the base, 
coriaceous, entire, somewhat undulate, rather glossy and of same 
colour on both surfaces, 1? to 3 in. long by ? to 14 in. broad ; 
petiolule 3 in. Male flowers greenish, arranged in little dense 
cymes close to the extremities of the branches ; peduncles ranging 
up to 1 in.; calyx green, outside densely scaly-glandular ; lobes 
erect, ovate-acuminate, bearded at the apex with rather crisp 
hairs; glands of the disk green. 


Gotunco Attro.—In the primitive forests of Quibdlo, on the left 
bank of the Quibélo rivulet; male fl. without leaves middle of August 
1856. No. 4545. Leaves and petioles collected under the tree during 
a monkey hunt; August 1856. No. 4546. 

The genus is allied to Ganophyllum Blume, and seems better placed 
in Burseracez than in Sapindacee. 


XXXIV. MELIACEA, 


The Meliaces of the Flora of Angola, though not very numerous 
in species, nevertheless constitute one of the most important 
Natural Orders, particularly on account of the gigantic size of the 
trees and the fragrance of the flowers in some genera, and still 


XXXIV. MELIACES, 129 


more on account of the usefulness of their timber and oily seeds ; 
most of them are distinguished by their majestic habit, so much 
so that they decidedly influence the physiognomy of portions of 
many primitive forests. Zwrrea contains two species, one a tree, 
the other a climbing shrub; the latter envelopes with its green 
foliage the higher trees on the borders of ‘shady forests. Vela- 
naregam, the smallest of all known Meliacez, forming a little shrub 
scarcely 3 in. high, is covered at the beginning of the rainy season 
with rather large snake-like long-tubed white flowers, announc- 
ing the approach of spring in the southern hemisphere, as do the 
species of Anemone in Europe. Of the Tribe Meliex, Melia dubia 
Cav. must be regarded as the most prominent; it is found 
frequently in the higher mountainous districts of Golungo Alto, 
Pungo Andongo, Dembos, ete. ; and its wood, of a pretty cinnamon- 
colour, of light specific gravity, of great durability, and easily 
cut, is very much prized even by the natives; in many parts 
of the hilly regions, for instance, about Cambondo, a station 
between Trombeta and Sange, in Golungo Alto, it furnishes 
the materials for a special industry; for many thousands of 
little chests, used by the negroes, are annually manufactured 
from the timber of this Melia, and the cost, owing to the cheap- 
ness of the abundant materials as well as to the low scale of 
wages, is only about 150 to 200 milreis each, a price which 
renders them accessible even to the poorest traveller. J/elia 
Azedarach 1. is cultivated by the colonists rather frequently and 
in nearly all districts; it is one of the favourite trees of the 
Portuguese, who call it “‘ Sycomoro,” while the natives, perceiving 
at once its affinity to the above-mentioned indigenous Melza, call 
the introduced Melia ‘“‘ Bombélo-ian-Puto,” that is, Portuguese 
Melia; for Bombolo is the negro name for Melia. 

Trichilia is called “ Pao cachique ” in Golungo Alto; but several 
trees of different Natural Orders, or, at least, of different genera, 
are called by the same name. T'richilia, which is represented by 
three species, is particularly remarkable for its fatty seeds, and 
inhabits the whole breadth of the continent ; the seeds are called 
“ Mafureira ” and the tree itself “ Mafura” ; it occurs in Mozam- 
bique on the east coast, and is more frequent there than in Angola ; 
in Mozambique tallow is manufactured from it. In the Kalahari 
region of South Africa, Burchell (Zravels, vol. ii. p. 594, 1824), 
states that “‘mahtra” signifies fat in any form. The wood of the 
species of Zrichilia is more or less of a cinnamon colour, the same 
as that of many other Meliacee, but with a much finer grain, 
firmer and harder than that of Melia dubia Cav., taking a very 
fine polish. Carapa, Entandrophragma, and Khaya belong to the 
giants of the primitive forests of Angola, and each of them is so 
distinct, owing to its peculiar habit, that an observer, even ata 
considerable distance, can easily distinguish them from the other 
forest trees; the timber of these three genera must be classed 
among the most useful and highly-prized of those in the African 
forests. 


9 


130 XXXIV. MELIACES. [| Zurrcea 


1, TURRZA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 331. 


1, T. Vogelii Hook. f. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 253 
(1849); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 330. 


Var. 8. scandens C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 444 
(1878). 

GoLuNGO ALTo.—A robust shrub, climbing to a considerable height, 
then very ornamental with elongated-sarmentose pendulous branchlets ; 
flowers white, fragrant; capsule pyriform, spreading in an arching 
manner, dehiscing stellately ; seeds enveloped with a scarlet-red or 
brick-red aril. Sporadic in the primitive forests among the mountains 
of Sobato de Quilombo Quiacatubia, at the banks of the river Muio ; 
fl. and nearly ripe fr. end of Nov. and beginning of Dec. 1854 and again 
in Feb, 1855. No. 1300, Cf. Conu. Carp. 313. 


2. T. procera Welw. [ms. in Herb.] C. DC., Zc, p. 444 (1878). 


PRINCE'S ISLAND.—A handsome tree, 25 to 30 ft. high ; crown ovoid, 
dilated ; branches patent ; branchlets virgate, pendulous ; flowers white, 
fragrant ; capsule obovoid-hemispherical, at length dehiscing in a stel- 
late manner ; seeds coriaceous, adhering to the inner part of the valves. 
Not uncommon, in the dense woods which adorn the shore in the Bay of 
S. Antonio ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853, in company with Dalbergia malifolia 
Welw. (Herb. 1886). No. 1299. 


2. NELANAREGAM Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 343 (1763). Nare- 
gama Wight & Arn. (1834); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 331. 


1. N. alata O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 110 (1891) (Wela- 
naregum alatum); Naregamia alata Wight & Arn. Prodr. FI. 
Penins. Ind. Or. p. 117 (1834). 


Var. f£. africana (Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 21; C. DC. in DC. 
Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 447). 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—A herb, 2 to 3 in. high, growing in a cespitose 
manner, with a many-headed woody rootstock, or a dwarf shrub with 
the habit almost of a Turrewa ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; flowers 
white. Plentiful but only in one place, in thin woods at the margins 
of forests composed of Leguminosae, at the left bank of the stream 
Lutete ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 1301. 

Welwitsch sought in vain for specimens in fruit in Jan. and Feb. 
1857 ; according to a manuscript note of Welwitsch the plant occurs 
also in the district of Ambaca. 


3. MELIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 332. 


1. M. Azedarach L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 384 (1753); Oliv. Fi. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 332. 

Azederach deleteria Moench, Meth. Pl. p. 171 (1794). Melia 
florida Salish. Prodr, Stirp. Hort. Chapel Allert. p. 317 (1796). 


Var. a. glabrior C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 452. 


PRINCE’s ISLAND.—A pretty arborescent shrub, called by the Portu- 
guese “Sycémora.” Sometimes subspontaneous in bushy places around 
dwellings, Bay of 8. Antonio ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1293. 

LoanpA.—Leaflets usually 9 or even 11 ; petioles at the base, at least 
at the very base semicylindrical, hollowed on the inner side, channelled, 
about half amplexicaul; drupes turning a pale yellowish colour. 


Melia| XXXIV. MELIACES. 131 


Occasionally cultivated in gardens at Loanda, having been introduced 
from Portugal about the year 1849, and sometimes spontaneous, fully 
enjoying an equinoctial climate; fl. and ripe fr. on the same tree 
Nov. 1858. No. 1297, 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—Flowers of a deep lilac colour. Cultivated in 
gardens near Sange from seeds sent from Lisbon, in young fl. August 
1857. No. 1294. ? Leaves (perhaps belonging to the next following 
species) from a cultivated tree, gathered in the garden of Senr. Pereira 
at the banks of the river Luinha, near the boundary of the district of 
Cazengo, Dec. 1854. No. 1296. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A young plant without fl. or fr. (perhaps belong- 
ing to the next following species), the up-growth from the stock of a 
burnt tree; in thickets within the fortress of Pungo Andongo, Dec. 
1856. No. 1295, 


2. M. dubia Cav. Diss. (vii.) p. 364 (1789); Hiern in Hook. f. 
Fl. Brit. Ind. i, p. 545 (1875); C. DC., Lc., p. 453 (1878). 

M. Bombolo Welw. Apont. p. 561, under n. 143; Welw. 
Synopse, p. 12, n. 24; C. DC., Lc., p. 454, n. 4 (Bambolo). M. 
cethiopica Welw. Apont. p. 584, n. 5. 


GoLtunco AttTo.—A handsome tree, 30 to 50 ft. high or more, with 
an ample crown ; trunk 2 to 3 ft. in. diam.; branches on the lower part 
of the trunk sparse or none; wood smooth, cinnamon-coloured or 
turning reddish, durable, tenacious and easily cut, and therefore highly 
valued by the natives for various domestic utensils; flowers pale 
sulphur-yellow, sweet-scented; ripe fruits yellowish-green or dark 
green, cylindric-ellipsoidal, blunt at both ends, 1 to 13 in. long, nearly 
2 in. thick in the middle ; juice somewhat milky, the bitterest sub- 
stance found by Welwitsch in any plant of tropical Africa, and when 
properly prepared would probably prove an efficacious remedy against 
fever in like manner as quinine bark ; kernels of the fruit cylindrical, 
nearly or quite an inch long, about + in. diam. or more, blunt at both 
ends. Frequent in the more elevated primitive woods throughout the 
district ; fl. and fr. Sept. and beginning of Oct. 1855 and April 1858. 
No. 1298 and Couu. Carp. 310. ? Upper and lower leaves of a young 
tree, 12 ft. high, at Sange in front of Senr. Perreira’s cubata, Feb. 1855. 
No. 1298). A vast tree ; leaves pinnate, coriaceous ; fruit drupaceous, 
olive-shaped, black, glossy, paniculate, hanging down from the apex of 
the branchlets ; Sept. 1855. Apparently this plant. Con. Carp. 353. 

Also in the districts of Cazengo, Pungo Andongo, and Malange 
(Welw. Synopse, /.c.). Native name ‘‘ Bombolo.” 

In the territory called Cambondo, in the district of Golungo Alto, 
there are manufactured every year thousands of small chests of this 
Bombolo wood, which are sold by the negroes in all the interior regions 
(Welw. Synopse, l.c.). 


4. GUAREA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 335. 


1. G. africana Welw. ex C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. 
p- 576 (1878). 

GoL_unco ALTo,—An immense handsome tree, 30 to 50 ft. high; 
trunk very strict, 3 to 44 ft. diam. at the base; bark ashy-reddish ; 
branches patent-ascending, elongated; crown very elegant; leaves 
especially at the extremities of the branches crowded, very patent, 2 
to 23 ft. long ; leaflets about 23, alternate, narrowly oblong, cuspidate, 
5 to 7 in. long, 1 to 13 in. wide, glabrous on both sides; petiolules ¢:to 


132 XXXIV. MELIACEA. [ Guarea 


1 in. long ; flowers forming ample pyramidal panicles at the extremities 
of the branchlets, white ; those in the axils of the leaves more or less 
abortive ; common peduncle acutely angled ; calyx cup-shaped, some- 
what 5-toothed, sometimes 6-toothed ; petals 5, rarely 6, adhering to the 
staminal tube and cohering up to their middle, valvate in estivation ; 
anthers 10, sometimes 12, attached by a third of their back to the 
staminal tube, the alternate ones higher than the others ; staminal tube 
5-6-striate, pilose inside. Disk obsolete ; ovary 2-3-celled ; ovules few, 
2? in each cell; stigma peltate-capitate, reaching the level of the 
anthers. In the primitive woods of Mata de Quisucula, near Bango 
Aquitamba ; in flower-bud end of April 1856. No. 1306. 


5. EKEBERGIA Sparrm.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 335. 


1. E. senegalensis A. Juss. Mém. Méliac. p. 82, t. 17, f. 16a 
(1830); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 333. | 


Var. coriacea C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 642 (1878). 


GoLuNnGo ALTO.—A vast tree, 30 to 40 ft, high; trunk at the base 
2 to 3 ft. in diam.; branches patent ; fruiting branchlets at length 
nodding-pendulous ; leaflets in 4 to 6 pairs and an odd one, coriaceous, 
rather shining above, pale-glaucous beneath ; common peduncle semi- 
cylindrical, acutely winged; fruiting peduncles axillary near the 
extremities of the branchlets, bearing a few-fruited raceme, pendulous ;, 
fruit fleshy, spherical, green-dusky outside, borne at the base on the 
remains of the calyx, bluntly umbonate at the apex with the stump of 
the style, 5-celled, exuding a viscid watery-milky juice which in drying 
hardens into a gum, covered outside with circular bright scarlet-red 
crowded rather convex gland-like dots; seeds solitary, elongate-reni- 
form, pendulous from the top of axis; testa hard, whitish-brown. 
Native name ‘ Ngilica ij muxito.”’ Sporadic in the primitive woods of 
Sobato de Quilombo-Quiacatubia, at an elevation of 2,400 ft. ; in nearly 
ripe fr. middle of July 1856. No. 1704. Berry coriaceous, yellowish, 
rather fleshy, very resinous, 5-celled, 5-winged, 1-4-seeded ; same 
locality and date. Seeds. Coun. Carp. 312. 

The following specimen of the foliage of a low tree with much- 
branched crown may possibly belong to the same species; the 
leaflets are narrower and more numerous :— 


GoLtunco ALto.—In wooded places among the mountains of Alto 
Queta; June 1856. No. 17040. 


2. E. benguelensis Welw. ex C. DC., l.c., p. 642 (1878). 


HviLtia.—Flowers white; anthers 10; staminal-tube cylindric- 
campanulate, hairy within ; disk cup-shaped, with a swelled mouth ; 
style thick; stigma capitate, 2-3-lobed. In the drier thickets near 
Lopollo ; in late fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1808. An erect shrub; fruit 
turning a pretty red colour. In thickets near Lopollo, in the same: 
spot as the former No., at an elevation of 5,000 ft.; with nearly 
ripe fr. Dec, 1859. No. 1304. 


3. E. Welwitschii Hiern ex C. DC., d.c., pp. 648, 780 (1878). 


Punco ANDoNGoO.—An erect shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, with several 
stems from the ground ; leaflets velvety beneath ; male flowers through- 
out whitish-tomentellous, 5-6-merous ; petals longer than the calyx ; 
staminal tube with very short teeth ; disk rather tumid at the margin 
style thick, stigma rather deeply bilobed. In stony thickets at the 
left bank of the river Lutete; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 1802. 


Ekebergia| XXXIV. MELIACES. 133 


4, E. fruticosa C. DC., l.c., p. 644 (1878). 


AmBACA.—A shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high ; stem erect ; habit nearly that of 
Spondiacee ; bark red-warty, marked with decurrent ridges proceeding 
from the articulated base of the petioles ; leaves odd-pinnate, together 
with the flowering racemes developed near the extremities of the 
stems ; leaflets coriaceous, glaucous, paler beneath. Buds white ; fruit 
fleshy, 3-celled, of a blood-red colour, as also the petioles and midribs 
of the leaflets. Not rare in bushy stony places near Zamba and in the 
direction of the river Lutete; in young fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1305. 
ne species may perhaps prove to be a variety of EH. benguelensis 

elw. 


6. TRICHILIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 337. 


1. T. strigulosa Welw. ex C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. 
p- 658 (1878). Cf. Trichilia (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 7, n. 3. 

GoLunGo ALTOo.—A tree, 20 ft. high, with a lax crown and elongated 
branches. In primitive woods near Undelle, sporadic ; sparingly in fl. 
April 1856. No.1311. In the primitive forests of Sange. Seeds, 1856. 
Cou. Carp. 315. 

The tree referred to by Welwitsch, Synopse, /.c., has a tall trunk, 2 to 
3x ft, diam., and is occasionally met with also in the districts of Cazengo 
and Dembos. The next two species might have been also intended. 


2. T. vestita C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv. p. 428 (1896). 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A beautiful tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with an ample 
crown; trunk 1 to 12 ft. diam. at the base ; branches spreading ; leaflets 
in 3 to 4 pairs with or without an odd one, opposite or subposite, more 
or less acuminate, obovate or obovate-elliptical, 2 to 8 by 7 to 32 in., 
dry-coriaceous, obscurely green hardly shining above, pale beneath, 
midrib thick ; capsule globose, size of a poppy-head, velvety, 3-valved, 
3-celled ; cells 2-seeded ; seeds size of a bean, scarlet with a black spot on 
the convex surface, flat on the other side. In moist woods of Sobato 
de Bumba, near Quibixe and Cangunhe, sporadic ; with ripe fr. beginning 
of Oct. 1855. No. 1309. <A tree, 30 ft. high. At Cazengue, near 
Queta Central ; fl. June 1856. No. 1810. 


3. T. Welwitschii C. DC. in DC, Lc., p. 659. 


GoLtunGo ALTo,—A magnificent tree, 30 to 40 ft. high or even 
higher ; trunk 13 to 2 ft. in diam. at the base; branches rather patent, 
irregular ; leaflets coriaceous, pale beneath. In the primitive woods at 
the base of the mountains of Alto Queta; at the right bank of the 
river Luinha, in flower-bud Nov. 1855, sparingly ; fr. June 1856. No. 
“1312. A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high or more, with a fine crown and straight 
trunk a foot in diam. In the more elevated parts of Alto Queta ; in 
young fr. Dec. 1855. No. 1312). A vast tree, 25 to 35 ft. high, with 
broad leafy crown; branches nearly erect; leaves 2 to 3 ft. long, 
pinnate, beneath shining with a silvery or coppery lustre; flowers 
crowded, thyrsoid; capsules coriaceous, tomentose, 4-seeded ; seeds 
arillate, bright scarlet. Alto Queta ; fr. July and August 1855. CoLL. 
Carp. 351. Fruit 4-valved, 2 valves usually cohering. Alto Queta, in 
forests, August 1855. Cou. Carp. 352. 


Var. 8. grandiflora C. DC. in DC., L.c., p. 660. 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—A highly frondose tree, 30 to 60 ft. high ; wood 
valuable ; adult leaflets coriaceous ; flowers fleshy, whitish, scented like 
those of Citrus Aurantium L.; filaments very broad, bicuspidate, bearing 
the anthers in the sinus. In the more elevated mountainous places in 


ba 


134 XXXIV. MELIACE. [ Zrichilia 


Serra de Alto Queta, fl. March 1855. No. 1308. <A tree, 25 to 38 ft. high ; 
trunk straight; timber good but not durable. Native name “ Pdo 
Caxique” (Mafura). Occasional, near streams, in the wooded parts of 
Serra de Alto Queta, in the same locality as No. 1308 ; without either 
fl. or fr. Dec. 1854. No. 18080. 


4. T. emetica Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 31 (1790); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
AGE dp: oa), 0. WC. in DC. 1c... 660: 


MoZAMBIQUE.—Seeds. Couu. Carp. 316. 


5. T. grandifolia Oliv., /.c., p. 335. 7. grandiflora C. DC. in 
DC.; 0229.64. 


IsLAND OF ST. THOMAsS.—A small tree, in the elevated forests of 
the island ; seeds, Dec. 1860. Couu. Carp. 314. 

The absence of other parts of the plant renders the determination 
very doubtful. 


7. CARAPA Aubl.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 338. 


1, €. procera DC. Prodr. “1: p. 626 (1824); C. DC. an3 Dee 
Monogr. Phanerog. 1. p. 716 (1878). 

C. guyanensis Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 336, non C. guianensis 
Aubl. fide C. DC.,l.c. Carapa (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 11, n. 22. 
Meliacea, Welw., /.c., p. 13, n. 30. 

GoLuNGOo ALTO.—A very elegant palm-shaped tree, 15 to 35 ft. high, 
with a trunk 1 to 23 ft. diam. at the base, and in dense primitive 
woods attaining 50 ft., with trunk 33 ft. diam. ; branches spreading, 
long, curving upwards, naked below, towards the apex of the tree 
arranged in a candelabra-form and there crowded ascending bearing 
fascicles of leaves and flowering cymes; leaves gigantic, abruptly 
pinnate, 5-10-jugate, horizontally spreading, other leaves nodding as in 
palms ; leaflets + to 1 ft. long, thinly coriaceous, very glossy, paler 
beneath ; inflorescence purple throughout ; thyrses or panicles com- 
pound, often 2 ft. long, terminal; flowers coriaceous, whitish-rose, 
when less open greenish ; calyx-segments 5, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous- 
fleshy, concave, turning red, overlapping a little, much shorter than the 
petals ; petals 5, broadly ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base into a 
short claw, of the same consistence as the calyx, dark red, spreading at 
the time of flowering, soon reflexed ; stamens monadelphous, combined 
into a whitish rather fleshy cup-shaped cylindrical tube 10-lobed at the 
apex, inserted around the base of the epigynous also cup-shaped but 
shorter disk ; anthers 10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal 
tube, subsessile; ovary superior ; style thick, conical, compressed 
towards the apex; stigma waxy-fleshy, tenacious, chestnut-brown, 
large, orbicular-peltate, with more or less reflexed margin ; fruit sub- 
globose, size of a man’s fist, 5-costate, pyramidally acuminate at the 
apex ; seeds in size and colour like those of Edwardia lurida Raf., 
tawny-red, rough. ‘Timber strong, durable, taking an excellent polish, 
but consequently difficult to work. Certain individual trees appear 
never to bear fruit. Native name ‘‘ Mucaca-Neumbi,” “ Mukassan- 
kumbi,” or “ M-casa encumbi.” In dense primitive and secondary 
woods of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, at the margins of 
streams, from Undelle to Camilungo, sporadic ; fl. August, Sept. and 
Dec. 1854 and beginning of August 1855, fr. Sept. 1855. No. 1307. 

Not seen by Welwitsch in the littoral regions of Angola, but reported 
by him also from the districts of Cazengo, Dembos, Alto Dande, ete. 


Khaya| XXXIV. MELIACES. 135 


8 KHAYA A. Juss.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 338. 


1. K. anthotheca CG. DC. in D.C. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 721 
(1878). Garretia anthoteca Welw. Apont. p. 587, n.49. G. An- 
thotheca Welw. Synopse p. 33, under n. 80. Khaya ?, sp. n., 
Welw. Synopse, p. 12, n. 26. . 


GotunGo ALTO, ete.—A majestic and beautiful tree, 30 to 60 ft. 
high and even higher ; trunk 2 to 4 ft. in diam. at the base ; timber 
aromatic, white, valuable, much like that of Entandrophragma angolense ; 
bark the bitterest of all examined by Welwitsch in the interior of 
Angola, deserving attention for its antifebrile quality and as a 
succedaneum to quinine-bark ; crown ovoid, glossy-frondose ; branches 
patent or erect-patent, chiefly leafy towards the extremities ; branch- 
lets springing from the trunk and branches at a right angle, marked 
with scars. Leaves 5-10-jugate, caducous at the time of flowering, 
persistent during fruit, almost always much mutilated by insects ; 
rachis reddish, near the base acutely winged ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, 
cuspidate or emarginate, dry-coriaceous, hard, glossy, glaucous-greenish 
beneath ; midrib acutely keeled, the lateral veins reddish. Panicles 
1 to 2 ft. long, crowded at the ends of the branches, erect ; primary and 
secondary peduncles compressed, 2-edged. Flowers white, tetramerous ; 
sepals 4, reniform-rotundate, decussately imbricate, green, more or less 
scarious on the edges, several times shorter than the corolla ; petals 4, 
convolute in the bud as well as in flower, erect, ventricose-concave. 
Stamens combined into a ventricose-cylindrical tube as long as the 
petals and closed at the orifice of the tube by means of the peltate- 
discoid stigma ; staminal tube 8-toothed ; teeth obtuse, convolute, con- 
nivent in flower towards the margin of the stigma ; filaments almost 
obsolete ; anthers 8, attached a little below the teeth of the tube and 
alternating with them, dark brown, shortly oblong, introrse, 2-celled, 
dehiscing longitudinally ; disk large, orange-coloured, rather flat, sur- 
rounding like a ring the base of the ovary ; ovary conical, 4-celled, 
dilated at the apex into a thick discoid rather flat radiate stigma, 
stigmatose at the margin. Native name “ Cababa” or “ Quibaba”’ of 
Mussengue or of Hungo. Cissus aralioides Pl. (Welw. Herb. 1484) 
climbs upon this species. In the more elevated primitive woods of the 
mountains of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. 18 Nov. 1855, fr. Feb. 1856. 
No. 1314. Fruit capsular, size of a hen’s egg, woody, septifragal from 
the apex ; valves 4, ovate-acuminate, bi-lamellate (one layer septiferous 
with the tetragonous axis), almost simulating a flower. In the primi- 
tive forests of the districts Golungo Alto and Dembos, especially in 
Sobato Mussengue ; seeds at the end of June 1857 and fully ripe in 
July 1857. Con, Carp, 317. Bark and fruit, Cou. Carp. 318. 

The species occurs in great abundance in the district of the Mahungos. 
It is the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Apont, p. 561 under n. 144, as 
forming a new genus of Cedrelacez. 


9. ENTANDROPHRAGMA C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. il. 
p. 582, t. 21 (Sept. 1894). 

1. E. angolense C. DC., l.c. 

Swietenia angolensis Welw. Apont. p. 561 under n. 144, p. 587, 
n. 46; Welw. Synopse, p. 11, n. 21, p. al, na (oy Ci Dem 
DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 724 (1878). 

Gotunco ALTo.—An immense lofty very beautiful tree with 
deciduous leaves ; bark bitter and astringent ; trunk 3 or 4 ft. diam. ; 


136 XXXIV. MELIACES. [i ntandrophragma 


branches patent elongated. Flowers small, paniculate, pentamerous, 
white ; petals erect, sinistrorsely convolute in estivation (as seen from 
above) ; staminal tube obtusely crenate-lobed ; anthers exserted ; disk 
obsolete. Capsule pendulous when ripe, oblong-cylindrical, obtusely 
pentagonal, 6 to 8 in. long by 1 to 2 in. thick in the middle, attenuated 
at both ends, pyramidal at the apex, 5-celled, septifragally 5-valved 
from the base ; valves bi-lamellate with adhering laminzor uni-lamellate, 
exposing the septiferous acutely pentagonal seminiferous axis, hard- 
woody, cohering at the vertex, deciduous in the form of a calyptra, then 
separately arching outwards ; seeds 20 to 30, that is, 4 to 6 pendulous 
on each face of the placenta, with long wings; wings lanceolate, 
obtuse ; nucleus nearly square. Native name ‘‘ Quibaba” of Queta. 
In the primitive forests of the mountains of Serra de Queta Central, 
chiefly adorning damp depressions near streams; fl. in Jan. and Feb., 
with ripe fr. at the beginning of August 1856. No. 1313. At about 
2000 ft. alt. Fr. August 1856. CoLu. Carp. 311. Bark ‘‘ Quibaba 
quina.”’ Cou. Carp. 319. This gigantic tree grows to a height of 
140 ft., with a trunk more than 30 ft. in circumference ; and its timber 
is in great repute for various domestic articles, furniture, etc., not only 
on account of the satiny lustre and high polish which it takes, but also 
for its durability and facility of working ; the bark contains a very 
bitter principle, and furnishes a substitute for quinine well worth the 
attention of pharmacists. Quibaba is derived from Quiba, which 
means bark. (Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 11 n. 21, p. 31 n. 75.) 


XXXV. DICHAPETALACE. 


The species are shrubs or small trees belonging to the genus 
Dichapetalum, and are remarkable for the horizontal ramification 
which prevails in nearly all of them; they inhabit the dense and 
moist primitive woods of the warmer and more sheltered situations, 
constituting, together with Rubiacew, Anonace®, and Ferns, the 
undergrowth of such woods; most of them are climbers. The 
circumstance that they rarely produce flowers, and still more 
rarely mature their fruits, renders very difficult the exact defi- 
nition of the species, the more so because the leaves of each species 
vary considerably according to the age and circumstances of the 
individual (Welwitsch, Apont. p. 563, n. 152). No species are 
known to occur in either of the districts of Benguella, Mossamedes, 
or Huilla. 


1, DICHAPETALUM Thou. Gen. Nov. Madag. p. 23 (1809). 
Chailletia DC. (1811); Benth, & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 341. 
1. D. subsessilifolium Chodat in Bull. Hb. Boiss. iii. p.671 (1895). 


GOLUNGO ALTO.—A widely and extensively climbing slender ever- 
green shrub; stem tortuous; branchlets diffuse, elongated, hirsute 
with ferruginous spreading hispid hairs; leaves obovate-elliptical, 
acuminate, unequally cordate or nearly rounded at the base, papery- 
coriaceous, glossy and glabrate or scattered with hairs especially along 
the midrib and principal nerves above, paler and scattered with hairs 
beneath, 3 to 53 by 1 to 2% in.; petiole >, to } in. long, hirsute ; 
stipules setaceous-subulate, rather longer than the petiole, deciduous ; 
flowers clustered in the axils of the leaves, sessile, white, several 
together, + in. long; calyx half the length of the flower ; segments 5, 


Dichapetalum | XXXV. DICHAPETALACEE. 137 


ovate or lanceolate, rather hairy outside, unequal, erect; petals 5, 
spathulate, glabrous, with a long claw, erect; blade deeply bifid ; 
stamens 5, equalling the petals; filaments rather tapering upwards ; 
anthers 5, small; style as long as the filaments, 3-lobed at the apex, 
glabrous ; ovary mostly inferior, hairy at the apex, small. In the very 
dense more elevated primitive woods of Sobato de Quilombo-Quia- 
catubia, but rather rarely met with (also in Quisuculo) ; fl. April 1856. 
No. 4662. In the primitive woods of Serra de Alto Queta ; in flower- 
bud, May 1856. No. 469. 


2. D. umbellatum Chodat, l.c., p. 671. 


GoLtunco AttTo.—A tall and widely climbing shrub with very long 
rambling branches, gracefully pendulous from lofty trees; branchlets 
patent, covered with a short velvety ferruginous tomentum ; leaves 
oval, cuspidate or emarginate, unequally cordate or subcordate at the 
base, thinly coriaceous, rather harshly velvety with ferruginous hairs 
especially beneath when young, at length nearly glabrous above and 
scattered with short hispid hairs along the midrib nerves and net-veins 
beneath, otherwise of nearly the same colour on both surfaces, 2 to 6 
by 1 to 3 in.; margin rather undulated or subrepand ; petiole short, not 
exceeding } in., shortly and closely hairy ; stipules subulate, equalling 
or rather exceeding the petiole, deciduous ; flowers clustered, many 
together, subsessile, in axillary and subterminal pedunculate heads, 
milk-white with a tinge of blue; common peduncle ranging up to 
nearly 1 in. long, subtomentose ; calyx-lobes ovate ; petals exceeding 
the calyx, with a long claw ; filaments long ; ovary mostly superior. 
Fruit not known. Im very dense primitive woods, at Capopa; in 
scarce fl. March 1855. No. 4651. In the more elevated woods near 
Capopa; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1855. No. 4652. Frequent, in the more 
elevated woods, near Capopa; fl. Feb. 1856, not fruiting in that year. 
No. 4653. Capopa; in flower-bud, August 1856. No. 4654, 


3. D. angolense Chodat, /.c., p. 672. 

GoLunco Atto.—A robust shrub, climbing widely and to a consider- 
able height, afterwards pendulous ; branches spreading, glabrescent ; 
branchlets patent, covered with a tawny curly tomentum ; leaves more 
or less obliquely elliptical, acuminate, unequally cordate or subcordate 
at the base, softly coriaceous, dark-green rather glossy and glabrescent 
or puberulous above, paler and sub-tomentose beneath, 25 to 7 by 
14 to 3 in.; midrib lateral nerves and net-veins clearly marked on the 
lower surface ; petiole } to } in. or those associated with the inflorescence 
longer ; stipules caducous, subulate ; inflorescence densely paniculate, 
many-flowered, laxer in fruit, sub-corymbose, 1 to 2 in. long in flower, 
ranging up to 4 in. in fruit; peduncle inserted on or adnate to the 
petiole of a leaf starting from near its apex ; flowers small, shortly 
pedicellate ; calyx-segments oval, obtuse, about ;’; in. long, tomentose 
outside, glabrous inside ; petals obovate-oblong, glabrous, not much 
exceeding the calyx, bilobed, not clawed ; anthers 5; ovary densely 
hairy, superior ; style slender like the filaments, glabrous ; stigma 
small, 3-lobed; fruits numerous, sub-globose, pulpy, $ in. diam. or 
rather larger, grey-tawny-tomentose, 2-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded ; pulp 
viscid ; seeds attached along a long narrow surface on the inner side 
at and adjoining the apex ; cotyledons thick, applied together along an 
angular surface ; radicle minute, superior. In the primitive woods of 
the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta in company with Napoleona 
(Welw. Herb. 4592) and Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Welw. Herb. 
1203); fr. end of April 1856. No. 4664. 


138 XXXV. DICHAPETALACES. [| Dichapetalum 


CazENGO.—A._ subscandent shrub; leaves rather rigid, deep-green 
above. In primitive forests near Cacula and Cambondo; in flower-bud 
June 1855. No. 4663. 


4. D. crassifolium Chodat, /.c., p. 672. 

A robust scandent shrub with spreading branches, glabres- 
cent except the flowering and fruiting parts ; leaves oval, obtusely 
cuspidate or apiculate, obtuse or wedge-shaped at the base, toughly 
coriaceous, glossy, of nearly the same colour on both surfaces, 24 
to 54 by 13 to 3 in.; lateral veins 4 to 6 on each side of the mid- 
rib, as well as the net-veins clearly marked on the lower surface, 
less conspicuous on the upper surface ; petiole 7 to 2 in.; stipules 
very caducous ; flowers clustered in dense cymes, in the axils and 
at the extremities of the branchlets, ashy-milk-white and very 
shortly tomentose in bud; common peduncle ranging in fruit up 
to nearly 1 in., shorter in flower; pedicels in fruit ranging up to 
3 i., very short in flower-bud; buds globose, small; petals 5, a 
little longer than the calyx-segments, faintly emarginate in the 
bud, not clawed as shown by the remains on the fruit; ovary 
superior, hairy, 3-celled; style 3-lobed at the apex; ovules ger- 
minate, laterally attached, ascending 2, collateral; fruit 1-2- or 
very rarely 3-lobed, usually 1-lobed, covered with a short pale- 
tawny subcanescent evanescent tomentum, turning red; lobes 
obovoid, oblique, about 1 in. long, 1-celled, based by the persistent 
calyx and often also by the remains of the petals and stamens ; 
remains of the style lateral. 

CazENGO.—In the primitive woods of Cabondo ; in flower-bud and 
fruit, June 1855. No. 4665. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—In shady places among rocks by thickets within 
the fortress ; with young fruit in the middle of Nov. 1856. No. 4666. 


5. D. fructuosum Hiern, sp. n. 

A scandent shrub, glabrescent except the puberulous extremities 
and the (flowering and) fruiting parts; branchlets erect-patent ; 
leaves elliptical, prolonged at the apex into an obtuse acumen, 
somewhat narrowed or more or less wedge-shaped at the base, 
firmly coriaceous, ges and sub-glaucescent on both surfaces, 
2 to 4 by Z to 2 in. ; petiole + to + in. long; stipules subulate, 
about 4, in. long, deciduous ; infructescence lax, axillary and 
subterminal, forming somewhat leafy and quasi-terminal panicles ; 
primary peduncle of each axillary cyme about | in. long; young 
fruits ese ee oval, rather compressed, about 4 in. 
long, 3 to 3 in. broad, 4 to q in. thick (in the dry state), red, 
shortly and closely eee 1- celled, l-seeded; remains of calyx 
inferior, sub-lateral; remains of style sub-lateral ; seed is in the 
genus. 

CazENGO.—In primitive woods near Cabondo, in company with 


Clematis pseudograndiflora O. Kuntz (Welw. Herb, 1218) and Coffea ; 
in young fruit, June 1855. No. 1233. 


6. D hypoleucum Hiern, sp. n. 
Branchlets patent, glabrescent below, at the extremities clothed 


Dichapetalum | XXXV. DICHAPETALACES. 139 


with a thin appressed whitish tomentum ; leaves elliptical, acu- 
minate, apiculate, rounded or obtusely narrowed at the base, 
papery-coriaceous, glabrous shining and deep green above, clothed 
with a whitish very short tomentum beneath, subrepand, 3 to 53 
by 1} to 23 in.; midrib nerves and net-veins clearly marked 
beneath ; petiole thickened, + to 7 in. long; stipules subulate, 
nearly equalling the petiole, deciduous; infructescence axillary 
and subterminal, shortly pedunculate, bracteate ; fruiting pedicels 
thickened, } to } in. long, subsolitary, amidst numerous crowded 
densely cymose slender barren pedicels, thinly hairy; fruit sub- 
globose, nearly 4 in. diam., densely hispid. 
Without locality noted in Herb. Welw. No. 4667. 


7. D. retroversum Hiern, sp. n. 

A slender widely climbing evergreen shrub ; stems often twisted 
even from the base, as well as the branches white-verrucose, rigid ; 
branches patent or curving backwards; branchlets pubescent- 
tomentose with brown hairs, more or less bent backwards ; leaves 
ovate elliptical or lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse or subapiculate 
at the apex, rounded or emarginate at the base, thinly coriaceous 
or rigidly membranous, glabrescent and rather glossy above, paler 
and with raised pubescent or puberulous midrib and nervation 
beneath, 14 to 5 by 2 to 12 in.; margin narrowly revolute, 
puberulous or glabrate; petiole patent, pubescent, 4, to ¢ in. 
long; stipules 2, one on each side of the petiole, lanceolate- 
subulate, taper-pointed, erect, 3 to } in. long, deciduous; flower-buds 
white; umbels axillary, simple; common peduncle solitary, erect- 
patent spreading or at length pendulous, pubescent, 3 to ? in. 
long ; pedicels =}, to 3 in. long, few or several together, pubescent ; 
flowers white, hermaphrodite; calyx-segments oval-oblong, pubes- 
cent outside, subequal, about 54, in. long, 5 or rarely 6; petals 
cuneate-obovate, sub-unguiculate, bifid, about ;4, in. long; lobes 
linear-spathulate; hypogynous glands opposite to the petals, 
truncate, obsoletely 3-dentate at the apex; filaments filiform, 
longer than the petals; anthers reniform, small; ovary superior, 
narrowly conical, hispid with brown hairs, gradually terminating 
in the glabrate filiform style which about equals the filaments ; 
stigma small, obsoletely 2-3-lobed ; fruit ellipsoidal, attenuate at 
both ends or at least at the apex, ventricose in the middle, longi- 
tudinally subangular, of a fine scarlet colour, of the form and 
colour as well as the size of the hip of Rosa canina L.., fleshy-pulpy, 
rather sweet to the taste, edible, 1-celled, 1-seeded, sub-pendulous, 
with the calyx and the remains of the stamens persisting at the 
base. 

GoLtunco ALtTo.—In the dense woods of Sobato de Cabanga 
Cacalunga, but sparingly ; in flower-bud and fruit, March 1858. 
No. 4655. In very dense primitive woods, intermixed with other 
shrubs ; fl. Jan. 1856. No. 4656. In the woods of Serra de Alto 
Queta, Mata de Mangue ; with few flowers and fruits, August 1855. 
No. 4657. In the dense primitive woods of the Eastern Queta ; 
frequent but very rarely fruiting, April 1856. No. 4658. In shady 


140 XXXV. DICHAPETALACEZ. | Dichapetalum 


places in Eastern Queta ; in flower-bud, Jan. 1856. No. 4659. In the 
very dense woods of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, in Mata de 
Mangue ; fl. end of May 1856. No. 4660. Sange ; in young fl. and fr. 
11 June 1856. No. 4661. 

The following must be compared with Dichapetalum :— 

GoLuNnGo ALTo.—A bush 5 to 8 ft. high ; trunk straight, slender, 
erect, 1 to 13 in. thick ; branches spreading, subscandent ; flower-buds 
whitish, silky. In the dense primitive forests of the mountains of 


Queta Central, at Zengas de Queta; without fl. beginning of August 
1858. No. 4668. 


The next five Nos., which are closely related among themselves, 
are very doubtfully placed in this genus :— 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A patently branched bush ; leaves sub-membra- 
nous or very thinly coriaceous, wavy at the margin in the living state, 
axillary buds red. In the thickets of the mountains of Alto Queta ; 
without fl. June 1856. No. 542. <A shrub, 14 to 3 ft. high, much 
branched from the base, apparently a secondary shoot of a larger 
perhaps scandent shrub; habit like Combretum, but the leaves are 
alternate. On the sides of the Ambaca road near Camilungo ; without 
fl. Nov. 1855. No. 3018. A low shrub with ferruginous-hirsute almost 
horizontal branches. By thickets and the sides of roads between Sange 
and Ponte de Felix Simoes; without fl. August 1855. No. 3019. 
Queta, without fl. 1 August 1856. No. 4696. A lowshrub growing in 
a ceespitose manner, probably the radical shoot of a burnt tree. On 
the sides of the road between Cambondo and Trombeta; without fl. 
June 1855. No. 4697. 


XXXVI. OLACINEA. 


The Olacinese of Angola are shrubs or small trees, but little 
conspicuous, and are met with especially in the dense woods of 
the hilly regions (Welw. Apont. p. 560, n. 141). Welwitsch 
observed that in several Olacineze examined by him the style is 


subexcentric and curved, as for example in Apodytes dimidiata 
EK. Mey. 


1, HEISTERIA Jacq.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 346. 

1. H. parvifolia Smith in Rees Cycl. xvii. n. 3 (1811); Oliv. Fl. 
Trop. Afr. i. p. 346; vel affinis. 

IsLAND OF ST. THomMAs.—In the more elevated primitive forests in 


the ascent to Fazenda do Monte Caffé, sporadic ; with very few young 
fr., Dec. 1860. No. 1114. 


2, XIMENIA Plum., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 346. 


], X. americana L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 1193 (1753) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. 1. p. 8346; Grant in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxix. p. 46 (1873) ; 
Monteiro, Angola, vol. ii. p. 195 (1875). 

X. spinosa Salish. Prodr. Stirp. Hort. Chapel Allert. p. 276 
(1796). Ximenia (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 34, n. 87. 

Gotuncgo Aro (and CazENGo).—A much-branched spinous leafy 
evergreen tree with the habit of a lemon or of a Tangerine orange, 15 
to 20 ft. high ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, fragile, deep green-glossy above, 


Ximenia | XXXVI. OLACINES. 141 


paler nearly glaucous beneath, not punctate; petals greenish-yellow ; 
filaments whitish-hyaline, flattened, a little shorter than the petals, 
spirally twisted at the apex ; anthers yellow, basifixed : ovary nut- 
shaped, sessile, scrobiculate on the thicker portion, surmounted by a 
smooth conical process; stigma obsoletely 4-angled; stigma small, 
capitate ; drupe the size of a pigeon’s egg, yellow both outside and 
inside, juicy, with smell of cyanic acid ; seed large, obovoid, very oily. 
No animal touches the fruit, and the crushed rind is frequently applied 
by the negroes to the sores of domestic animals to keep off the flies. 
Native name “ Muhinge”’ or “ Mohinge.” In primitive woods through- 
out nearly the whole district but usually sporadic, fl. Nov. 1855 ; by 
the river Delamboa near Sange in ripe fr. Dec. 1855 and Feb. and 
March 1856. No. 1122. Cou. Carp. 322, 323, 324. Unripe fruit 
green. At the margins of the primitive woods of Sobato de Mussengue 
but rare, May 1855. No. 1123. 

MossAMEDES.—A small tree or a robust hard glaucescent arborescent 
shrub, spinous, in some places with deciduous in others with persistent 
leaves ; fruit egg-shaped, 13 in. long, 1 in. thick, of an orange colour ; 
frequent in thickets almost throughout the district from Mossamedes 
to Bumbo, by the banks of the river Maiombo in sandy places, in fr. 
and other specimens in fl. Oct. 1859. Native name ‘“ Umpeque.” 
No. 1180. Cou. Carp. 321. 

The seeds of the fruits contain a very savoury kerne!, from which 
the natives of Mossamedes extract an oil which they employ at the 
time of their feasts and also for anointing their bodies and for daubing 
their hair. Being very abundant and easily propagated, the species is 
well worthy of the attention of those who study oil-producing plants 
(Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 34, n. 87). 

The seeds also can be used in the making of a kind of marasquino. 
Schweinfurth, Heart of Africa, vol. i., p. 192, states that the blossoms 
emit a soft fragrance as of orange flowers, and that the shrub bears a 
round yellow fruit about the size of a cherry which is nearly as sour as 
anything in nature. The flavour is like a citron, and the soft nut-like 
kernel is eaten with the juicy pulp. 


Var. 8. microphylla (Welwitsch), Oliv., /.c., i. p. 347. 

A rigid shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, very glaucous in all parts, 
virgately branched, not uncommonly adorned with species of 
Loranthus; leaves rather fleshy ; flowers whitish-rose. 


Bumso.—Frequent in bushy places at the skirts of the woods about 
the base of Serra da Xella, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1127. 


3. OLAX L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 347. 
1. O. viridis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 349. 


GoLunco ALtTo.—A low shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches thin, tor- 
tuous, green, sulcate-angular ; leaves evergreen, thinly fleshy-coriaceous, 
glossy above ; flowers rather obtuse ; calyx cupuliform, obtusely denti- 
culate, with a truncate margin, green, inferior, not accrescent ; corolla 
white, areolate ; petals 5, cohering up to the middle; stamens 8, but 
usually only 3 fertile, the latter alternate with the petals, inserted 
below the throat of the corolla, included ; fertile anthers introrse, 
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally ; filaments flattened ; sterile stamens 5, 
opposite to the petals. The corolla appears as if made of milk-white 
transparent wax, so that the yellow anthers which are placed in the 
upper and thinner portion of the tube shine through the corolla-wall ; 
the corolla falls off like the calyptra of a moss, circumscissile at the 


142 XXXVI. OLACINEA, [ Olax 


base and slit open with a longitudinal fissure, sympetalous up to the 
middle. Disk cupuliform ; ovary whitish, ovoid-conical, more or less 
angular, borne on a very short disk-like gynophore, 1-celled ; style 
rather firm, nearly as long as the rest of the pistil, whitish ; stigma 
obsoletely 3-lobed ; ovules usually 3, pendulous, 1 or 2 much larger 
than the others; drupe red when ripe, green when young, spherical, 
apiculate at the top with the remains of the style, at the base closely 
adhering to the disk-shaped not enlarged calyx ; seed solitary ; testa 
rather hard, whitish. In shady woods throughout nearly the whole 
district of Alto Queta ; Mata de Mangues, fl. Nov. 1855 ; near N-delle, 
fr. beginning of July 1855. No. 1124. A low twisted shrub ; branch- 
lets green ; leaves thinly coriaceous, evergreen, dark green, glossy on 
both surfaces; corolla white, rather fleshy, campanulate ; segments 
reflexed at the time of flowering ; anthers yellow, exserted. In shady 
woods, near Capopa; fl. end of Dec. 1855. A narrow-leaved form. 
No. 11240. 

DemBos.—In very dense primitive woods at the right bank of the 
river Zenza; fl. Feb. 1856. No. 1125. 

Puneo ANponGo.—A little shrub, 2 ft. high, with green stem and 
spreading branches ; ripe drupes red. In the shaded rocky spots of 
Barranco da Pedra Songue; fl. beginning of March 1857, No. 1126. 

Under the last No. are specimens of the same species with red 
fruits, collected at Quibolo in the district of Golungo Alto in July 1856. 


4, OPILIA Roxb.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 350. 
1. 0. amentacea Roxb. Pl. Coromand. ii. p. 31, t. 158 (1798); 


Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 352. 

Pungo ANbDonGo.—A climbing shrub; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, 
thick, rigid, deciduous at the time of flowering, fragile; flowers 
yellowish ; fruits at first green, afterwards turning red; embryo 
minute, nestling in the top of the albumen. Freely climbing on the 
plant called “‘ Mussondo,” Pseudospondias microcarpa Engl. (Welw. 
Herb. 4453-4455). In the rocky parts of Barrancos de Catete within 
the stronghold, sparingly ; fl. May 1857, fr. Dec. 1856. No. 470. 


5. APODYTES E. Meyer; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 351. 

1. A. dimidiata E. Mey. ex Arnott in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. 
p. 155 (1841); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 355. 

Hemilobium ficifolium Welw. Synopse, p. 20, n. 49 (1862). 

Huriia.—A tree, 15 to 30 ft. high or more; trunk straight, 4 to 4 ft. 
diam., rarely attaining 1} ft. diam. ; habit almost exactly like that: of 
Ficus Benjamina L.; wood whitish, dense, firm, good and durable, with 
very fine grain ; branches sub-patent ; branchlets rather nodding, the 
younger ones erect-patent ; leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy, deep- 
green, a little paler beneath ; flowers white, very pleasantly and power- 
fully fragrant, with an aroma like that of Syringa and orange, arranged 
in leaf-opposed panicles ; calyx small, 5-toothed or with 1 or 2 teeth 
obsolete; petals 4 or more frequently 5, hypogynous, rigidly rather 
fleshy, not hairy inside, valvate in zestivation, spreading at the time of 
flowering; stamens 5 or more rarely 4 or very rarely 3, free, hypogynous ; 
filaments flattened from the base, gradually thick-filiform, erect ; anthers 
introrse, narrowly cordate-oblong, attached at the sinus of the back, 
at first erect but soon versatile, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary free, 
collaterally 2-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex at the 
inner angle of each cell, anatropous ; style excentric, curved at the base, 


A podytes | XXXVI. OLACINEH, 143 


filiform ; stigma truncate-capitate or rarely bilobed ; very rarely there 
are two styles, or one style bipartite to the base; fruit (immature) 
drupaceous, 1- or very rarely 2-lobed; lobes obovate, compressed, 
horizontally diverging when 2, the second lobe usually sub-obsolete 
and marked by its recurved style on one side of the base of the 
developed lobe; seed (immature) pendulous, obovate, rather com- 
pressed ; testa membranous; umbilicus basilar, looking towards the 
insertion of the style ; albumen white, copious, loosely fleshy ; embryo 
very small; radicle superior, next the umbilicus. In damp elevated 
woods, at an elevation of 5100 to 5300 ft., in Morro de Lopollo and 
near Humpata; fl. and young fr. from Dec. 1859 to Feb. 1860. 
No. 1128. <A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with dilated crown, with the 
aspect nearly of a species of Ficus (Herb. 6351). This tree furnishes 
good wood for handles of agricultural implements, etc., and is strong, 
tenacious and very durable. In the elevated woods above Lopollo in 
the direction of Humpata, at an elevation of 5200 to 5500 ft.; without 
fl. or fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1129. 

The name of this tree employed by the Portuguese colonists in 
Huilla is “‘ Figueira brava ” (wild fig-tree). 


6. IODES Blume; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 355. 
1. I. africana Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 358. 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A widely scandent shrub; stem narrowed ; with 
short spreading hispidulous rather rigid hairs; leaves membranous, 
dark-green and rather glossy above, rather pale beneath; petiole 
strigulose-hispid ; tendrils inter-petiolar; flowers greenish-white ; 
calyx of female flowers 5-cleft ; ovary sessile, 1-celled, more or less 
pilose, crowned with a large, thick, peltate-reniform stigma ; ovules 2, 
pendulous. At the bushy borders of primitive woods, in the valley of 
Quibixe, sporadic ; with young female fl. Feb. and March 1856. No.1506. 

CazENGO.—A weak extensively sarmentose shrub or a far and high 
climbing herb, glabrate in most parts. In thickets along the river 
Luinha near Aguas doces, at an elevation of 1800 to 2000 ft.; in flower- 
bud, June 1855. No. 1507. 


The two following plants in flower-bud or young flower should 
be compared with Strombosia Bl., Benth. & Hook. Gen, Pl. i. 
p. 348; they are apparently undescribed species :— 

Punco ANDONGO.—A robust extensively climbing shrub with short 
trunk 2 in. in. diam., and thickly coriaceous glossy leaves paler beneath. 
In the rather elevated thickets of Barrancos de Pedra Cazella ; in 
flower-bud, April 1857. No. 460. 

Bumpo.—A rigid twisted shrub, nearly leafless at the time of 
gathering ; leaves rather fleshy, brittle. In hilly bushy places, near 
the upper limit of the littoral region, at the base of Serra da Xella, in 
the domain of Unteate, rather rare between Quitive and Bumbo; in 
young fl. Oct. 1859. No. 468. 


XXXVI. ILICINE 2. 


1. ILEX L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 356. 
1. I, capensis Sond. & Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 473. 
(1860); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 359. 
Sideroxylon mile L, Syst. Veg. edit. 12, p. 178 (1767). JL. mitis 
Radlk. in Report, Brit. Ass. 1885, p. 1081 (1886). 


144 XXXVII. ILICINEA. | Ilex 


Huitia.—A little tree, 8 to 12 ft. high, forming a crown at the top, 
with spreading ramification ; leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy, paler 
beneath ; margin callous-entire ; flowers hermaphrodite ; calyx 6-cleft ; 
corolla sympetalous, milk-white, 6-, very rarely 7-cleft ; stamens 6; 
ovary 6-celled ; stigmas 6, sessile, straight, united into a thick hexa- 
gonal column. In the very elevated woods of Morro de Lopollo, 
behind Sambo do Ferro, at 5500 to 5600 ft. of altitude; fl. Dec. 
1859, in young fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1448. 

In South Africa the leaves of this plant are sometimes used for tea 


(Burchell mss.). 
Cott. Carp. 325 contains English specimens of fruits of [lew Aqui- 


folium L. collected in Nov. 1869 for comparison. 


XXXVIII. CHLASTRACEZ. 


In the mountainous districts several species of Gymnosporia 
occur, which are mostly small trees or bushes inhabiting dry 
and exposed situations among hills or else places destitute of 
other arboreous vegetation ; in the coast region of Angola proper 
and also in the districts of Huilla and Bumbo a species of 
Eleodendron is occasionally met with. The species of the tribe 
Hippocratee are handsome shrubby climbers of a varied and for 
the most part of a glaucous foliage ; in the coast region of Loanda 
and also in the district of Bumbo a species climbs on Adansonia 
digitata ; in the mountainous and highland districts several species 
of Hippocratea and Salacia form at times impenetrable thickets 
at the borders of streams and primitive forests; and in Pungo 
Andongo a species of Salacia produces edible fruits as large as a 
pear. (See Welw. Apont. p. 562, n. 149, and p. 563, n. 150.) 


1. CELASTRUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 364. 


1. C. cassinoides L’Heérit. Sert. Angl. p. 6, t. 10 (1788). 

Catha Dryandri Lowe, Man. Fl. Madeir. p. 107 (1862). 

Maperra Istanp.—A small cultivated tree, 5 to 7 ft. high ; near 
Funchal, without either fl. or fr. August 1853. No. 4616. 

The following specimen, also from Madeira, poorly represented 
and without flowers in the British Museum set, may be another 
form of the same variable species :-— 

A tall cultivated shrub, near Funchal, fl. August 1853. No. 4617. 


2. GYMNOSPORIA Wight. & Arn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl. 4. 7p: 365. 

1. G. gracilipes Loesener in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvu. p. 541 (1893). 

Celastrus gracilipes Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 361. 

GoLunGo ALTo.—An arborescent shrub; branches and spines 
purplish ; leaves glossy ; flowers white. In rocky bushy places at the 
skirts of primitive forests between Sange and Camilungo, very 
sporadic ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 13857. A small tree; leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, membranous ; spines very acute ; capsule red-scarlet. 
Queta inferior; fr. Oct. 1855. Cony. Carp. 326. A tree of 15 to 20 
ft.; trunk slender; branches spinous; leaves herbaceous-green, 
deciduous. Zenga do Queta; fr. June 1857. Coun, Carp. 328. 


Gymnosporia | XXXVIII. CELASTRACEZ. 145 


2. G. andongensis Loesener, /.c., p. 541. 
Celastrus andongensis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 361. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Branches lax and spreading. In thickets along 
the borders of woods in stony places, near Caghuy, sparingly ; fl. and 
fr.. May 1857. No. 1351. In sandy-stony spaces, by the roadside 
towards Cambambe ; fr., May 1857. No. 1353. 


3. G, senegalensis Loesener, /.c., p. 541. 
Celastrus senegalensis Lam. Encycl. Méth. i. p. 661 (1783) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 361. 


Ampriz.—In rocky places along the sandy sea-shore, by the mouth 
of the river Loge near Ambriz; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1361. A 
small tree, 6 to 7 ft. high, with long spines throughout ; on the stony 
slopes of Mossul, between Ambriz and Libongo ; without either fi. or 
fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1364. 

LoanpA,—In the more arid shortly bushy hilly parts of the territory 
of Loanda, not uncommon ; fl. April 1854. No. 1349. A shrub of 4 ft., 
sometimes shorter, bristling on all sides with spines ; in the dry shortly 
bushy places at Maianga do Povo, near the city of Loanda; without 
either fl. or fr. Nov. 1857. No. 1852. A small much-branched tree 
with the habit of Cratcegus, or a shrub of 4 to 5 ft. or rarely as tall as 
a man, evergreen, bristling with stout spines ; branches whitish, striate ; 
flowers hermaphrodite, yellowish or white; fruit red; seeds erect, 
wrapped in a sulphur- or orange-coioured aril; testa rather hard ; 
albumen copious ; embryo the height of the seed ; common throughout 
the district, in bushy hilly places, roadway near Quicuxe, fl. and fr. 
May 1858 ; at Penedo, fl. and young fr. 13 Oct. 1857. No. 1360. 

IcoLo E BenGco.—In rather dry bushy spaces near Lagoa da Funda, 
after the fall of the flowers, Sept. 1857. No. 1350. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A small tree, 5 to 7 ft. high ; trunk 2 to 3 in. in 
diam. at the base, branched ; flowers of a pale sulphur-yellow colour. 
In the rather dry elevated reedy thickets of Sobato de Quilombo, fl. 
middle of July 1856. No. 6723. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A small tree, 7 to 10 ft. high, with spinous 
distorted branches and white flowers ; in stony tall-bushy hilly places 
between Calumguembo and Muchao, rather frequent ; in late fl. and in 
fr., Sept. 1854. No.1354a. <A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, with straight 
trunk, patent branches and whitish flowers ; ovary 3-celled ; in exposed 
as well as bushy stony dry wooded places, from the left bank of the 
river Chixe to Calumguembo, mountains of Mongollo, frequent, fl. 
Sept. 1857. No. 13540. 

AmBaca.—In hilly places on the left bank of the river Caringa, in 
company with a species of Parinarium, frequent but sterile ; June 
1855. No. 1355. 

Punco AnpdonGco.—A tree, 15 ft. high, widely and divaricately 
branched ; trunk 8 in. in diam. at the base ; leaves arranged after the 
manner of the phyllodes of Acacia. In woods between the fortress and 
Sobato Cabanga Quiquetta, without either fl. or fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1356. 

MossaMEDES.—A hard spinous shrub, apparently arborescent, with 
patent branches and branchlets and rose-whitish flowers. In dry 
mountainous rocky situations on the right bank of the river Maiombo 
at a place called A Cazimba, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1267. A shrub, 3 to 
4 ft. high, of a glaucous-whitish hue, with white flowers. In stony 
declivities near Pomangala, in company with Capparidez and Balanites, 
at an elevation of 500 to 600 ft., nearly without fl. Jan. 1860. No. 1362. 

Huitia.—A shrub, 1 to 1} ft. high, with crowded stems, white 


10 


146 XXXVIII, CELASTRACER. [ Gymnosporia 


flowers and reddening fruit. In stony places along thickets near 
Mumpulla, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1347. A small tree, 
6 to 8 ft. high, or occasionally a shrub of 4 ft. ; stems czspitose, with 
straggling branches. In bushy stony hilly places between Mumpulla 
and Nene, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1348. 

Some of the above-mentioned specimens, represented only by barren 
branches or otherwise, are of doubtful determination. 


Var. pumila (Welw. ; Oliv., d.c., p. 362). 


Huiiia.—F lowers white ; fruits scarlet-red. In bushy pastures and 
hilly places with short herbage, on the right bank of the river Lopollo, 
frequent ; fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859, fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 1346. 


4. G. euonymoides Loesener, /.c., p. 547. 

Celastrus ewonymoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 362. 

GoLtunco Attro.—A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, much _ branched ; 
branches twisted, even decumbent. In thin secondary woods by the 
borders of primitive forests ; fl. June 1855. No. 13580. A shrub or 
small tree, with evergreen leaves ; fl. not yet seen. In dense forests 
between Calélo and Trombeta, sparingly ; fr. Sept. 1854. Apparently 
this species. COLL. Carp. 333. 

ZENGA DO GOLUNGO.—A shrub, rarely a small tree, 7 to 8 ft. high, 
patently branched ; fruit purplish-scarlet. In stony bushy places near 
Calumguembo and Muchao ; fr. Sept. 1854. No. 18580. 


5. G. lancifolia Loesener, /.c., p. 548. 

Celastrus lancifolius Thonn. in Schum. Beskr. Guin. Pl. p. 132 
(1827); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 364. C. macrophyllus Welw. ex 
Oliv., Lc. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—Seeds brick-red ; embryo two-thirds of the length 
of the albumen. In damp primitive woods along the banks of the 
river Coango, not at all common; fl. July 1857. No. 1359d. Ripe fr. 
beginning of May 1856. No. 1859. Cou. Carp. 327. 

The following specimen, without developed flowers extant, 
appears to belong to this species :— 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—A low shrub, apparently evergreen ; leaves coria- 
ceous or subcoriaceous, alternate, more acuminate than in Nos. 1359, 
1359) ; flower-buds rather small, clustered in the axils of the leaves. 
Rather rare, in the shaded parts of the elevated woods of Serra de 


Alto Queta, the leaves being nearly all eaten and mutilated by insects ; 
middle of August 1855. No. 1363. 


6. G. huillensis Loesener, /.c., p. 548; non Szysz. 

Celastrus huillensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 364. 

HvuiLia.—An evergreen, much-branched bush; flowers hermaphro- 
dite and mixed with male ones having a scarcely well-developed stigma, 


always greenish ; stigma rather 3-lobed than 3-partite. In elevated 
rocky parts of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and young fr. May 1860. No. 1345. 


3, ELZODENDRON Jacq. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. p. 367. 


1. E. ethiopicum Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 365; Oliv. in Trans. 
Linn. Soc. Lond. xxix. p. 46, t. 21 (1872). 

Cassine cethiopica 'Thunb. FI. Cap. ii. p. 227 (1818); Loesener 
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi. p. 552. Gymmnosporia (sp.), T. Thoms. 
in Speke, Journ., App., p. 629 (1863). 


Eleodendron| XXXVIII. CELASTRACE. 147 


LoanpA.—An evergreen shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, branched from the 
base ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, pallid beneath. In sandy secondary 
thickets at Museque de Sr. Schut, above the city of Loanda, rather 
rare; fl. 11 Dec. 1853. No. 1276. <A shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high; stems 
numerous, much-branched ; branchlets grey ; flowers small, whitish, 
In stony thickets between Quicuxe and Teba; fl. and fr. April and 
May 1854. No. 1275; cf. No. 6736. 


Var. pubescens Oliv.,/.c. Cassine ethiopica Th., var. b. Burkeana 
Loesener, /.c. 


Houitia.—A hard shrub or a young tree. In little woods composed 
of Proteacez and Cesalpiniez, between Mumpulla and Nene ; in young 
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1269. In stony bushy places between Lopollo and 
Nene, sparingly in fl. beginning of June 1860. No. 1270. In wooded 
places at Mata do Monino, near Lopollo ; in flower-bud April 1860. 
No. 1271. 

BumBo.—An evergreen tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, with Rhamnoid habit ; 
flowers greenish, feebly fragrant. In wooded parts of Serra da Xella ; 
fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4615. 


4, CAMPYLOSTEMON Welw. ; Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 998. 


1. C. angolense Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. x. p. 44 (1867); 
Benth. & Hook. f., lc. (Angolensis); Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, i. p. 366. 


CAZzENGO and GoLuNGo ALTO.—An extensively climbing shrub, with 
opposite long pendulous branches; stem and branches rather verrucose- 
rough, purplish; leaves quite entire at the base, from the middle 
towards the apex distantly serrate-dentate, thinly coriaceous, dark 
green above, a little paler beneath ; midrib rather prominent, dark 
purple in the living state ; flowers sulphur-coloured ; calyx short, 
deeply 5-cleft, with obtuse lobes finely closely and acutely denticulate ; 
petals 5, imbricate, rather fleshy ; disk rather thick, flat, entire, scarcely 
angular and not sinuous at the tumid margin. In thickets along the 
banks of the river Luinha; fl. Dec. 1854. Also on the trees of the 
denser forests among the mountains near Ndele-Quibonga, etc., more 
rarely in Serra de Alto Queta ; fl. end of Dec. 1855, No. 1331. 


5. HIPPOCRATEA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 369. 
1. H. pallens Planch. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 367. 


CazENGO.—A shrub, arborescent at the base, climbing to a great 
height, then pendulous; flowers white, with a slight straw-coloured 
tinge. At the borders of primitive woods between Luinha and 
Palmira, also near Cambondo; fi. Jan. 1855. No. 1336. 


2. H. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 367. 


GoLuNGo ALtTo.—Leaves evergreen. At the borders of primitive 
woods along the left bank of the river Coango ; fl. beginning of Dee. 
1855, sporadic. No. 1322, In the primitive woods of Alto Queta 
Oriental ; with nearly ripe fr. June 1856. No. 1322. In the more 
elevated woods of Serra de Alto Queta, with nearly ripe fr., and with 
the leaves almost altogether destroyed; June 1856. No. 1335. Fr 
No. 6749. Capsules narrow, spathulate. Quapopa; Sept. 1845 
Cou. Carp. 329. An extensively climbing shrub; capsules linear. 
elliptical, 2-valved ; valves woody, green-glaucescent. Capopa; Sept. 
Oct., and Nov. 1855. Couu. Carp. 331. 


148 XXXVIII, CELASTRACEAE. | Hippocratea 


3. H. parvifolia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 368. 


Huitta.—A shrub extensively climbing, or sometimes erect and 
1 to 2 ft. high. In mixed woods composed of Proteacez, Myrtacee, 
Loganiacez, etc., between Lopollo and Monino; fl. and fr. Jan. and 
Feb. 1860. No. 1325. 


4, H. indica Willd. Sp. Pl. i. p. 193 (1797); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, i. p. 368. 


Gotunco AuTo.—An immense climbing shrub; trunk 6 inches or 
usually 3 to 4 inches in diam. at the base ; trailing shoots sometimes 
30 to 40 ft. long, bright green at the apex, as are also the extremities 
of the branches and branchlets; leaves variable in form, elliptical ovate 
and nearly orbicular, obtuse and acuminate on the same plant, 
coriaceous, evergreen, obscurely green and polished above, pale green 
and less glossy beneath, midrib especially towards the base very 
prominent, margins decurrent into the petiole ; flowers only occurring 
on the branches which hang down from trees, pale yellow, fragrant. 
The very tough and twisted stem of this liana is readily employed by 
the negroes for the construction of pig-sties, as the toughness of the 
stems offers a greater resistance to the pigs’ teeth than other building- 
woods. In dense woods especially at their borders in Sobato de Serra 
de Alto Queta, Bango, Quilombo, etc.; fl. July 1855. Also near Quitondo 
Dec. 1854. Native name ‘“N-Gunho.” No. 1333. <A shrub climbing 
to a great height and variable in habit. Frequent along the border 
of the primitive woods of Quisucula, near Bango Aquitamba ; fl. Jan. 
and Feb. 1855. No. 1834. An evergreen shrub, sometimes scandent, 
sometimes nearly erect; leaves in the living state very glossy and 
almost varnished; flowers of a greenish-straw colour, but soon the 
whole inflorescence and also the young branchlets are clothed with a 
dark purple tinge. In bushy places at the skirts of the primitive 
woods of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. August 1855, in flower-bud March 
1855. No. 1337. A robust shrub, extensively climbing ; leaves. 
coriaceous, glossy ; capsules very glaucous, as if scattered with white 
meal. In the less dense woods of Serra de Alto Queta; fr. August 
1855. No. 1338. A specimen from this district with foliage but 
without either fl. or fr. may perhaps belong to this species. No. 4650. 
Alto Queta. Fr. July 1857. Cou. Carp. 330. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A scandent evergreen shrub ; leaves coriaceous, 
glossy ; flowers rather fleshy, yellowish. In bushy places along the 
banks of the river Luxillo ; fl. beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 1324. 


5. H. apocynoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 368. 


Gotunco AuTo.—An extensively climbing shrub, simulating in 
the living state some species of Apocynacez as to habit and external 
aspect of the flowers; branches and branchlets spreading at right 
angles, ashy- or dusky-tomentose, occasionally spirally cirrhose and 
then thickened at that part, very tenacious ; leaves thickly coriaceous, 
obovate, rather glossy above, paler beneath, entire or towards the apex 
denticulate ; flowers greenish ; calyx green-tomentose, rather fleshy, 
much shorter than the petals ; petals 5, incurved around the base of 
flat thick disk, rather fleshy, green-tomentose, lanceolate, towards the 
apex channelled-subulate, half-p»tent at the time of flowering ; stamens 
3: filaments suddenly acuminate from a broad base girt by a dusky 
glandular spot, extrorsely involute at the apex, bearing thus the 
anthers out of sight; style conical, hyaline-stigmatose at the apex. 
In the primitive woods of Serra de Alto Queta, persisting for 2 or 3 


Hippocratea XXXVIII, CELASTRACEE. 149 


months with unopened flower-buds ; fl, middle of Jan. 1856. No. 1328. 
A shrub climbing to a great height; flowers greenish. In woods near 
Capopa ; fl. and on the same branch very sparingly with fr. May 1856. 
No. 1328). An evergreen shrub ; trailing shoots ferruginous-tomentose ; 
flowers greenish in bud. Not uncommon in the primitive woods of 
Capopa near the banks of the stream Delamboa ; in flower-bud Dec. 
1855. No. 1328c. 

CazENGO.—Climbing on trees; leaves coriaceous, glossy ; flowers 
greenish. In the primitive woods of Cambondo, frequent; fl. June 


1855. No. 1329. 


6. H. apiculata Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 369. 


GoLtunco AxtTo.—A high-climbing shrub; leaves dry-coriaceous, 
rather glossy; flowers greenish. In the more elevated primitive 
woods of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. June 1856 ; 
Zengas de Queta, fr., July and August 1856. No. 1328. 


7. H. obtusifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 5 (1814); Oliv., /.c., p. 369. 


Loanpa.—A shrub, climbing to a great height ; twigs twining ; 
leaves coriaceous, shining ; flowers greenish. Frequent in bushy places 
around the city of Loanda, usually climbing on Adansonia digitata L., 
near Quicuxe and Praia de Zamba grande; fl. July and August 1858, 
sparingly in fr. Jan. 1854. No. 1327. 

Bumgo.—In mixed woods near Chao da Xella, in Serra da Xella, 
sporadic, at an elevation of 3500 ft., fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1826. 


8. H. graciliflora Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 371. 


- GotunGo AxTo.—Leaves thinly coriaceous, shining; flowers 
greenish, without fragrance. In the more elevated primitive woods 
near Sange, at Fonte de Capopa, and along the banks of the river 
Delamboa ; fl. middle of Dec. 1855. No. 1332. 


9. H. andongensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 371. 


Punco AnDonGo.—An evergreen scandent shrub, or by force of 
circumstances erect ; flowers yellow ; stamens 3 or very rarely 4. In 
bushy places at the base of elevated rocks between Catete and Luxillo ; 
fl. beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 1330. 


The following No., with the habit of the tribe Hippocratee, 
should be compared with this genus :— 


Go.unco ALtTo.—A stout shrub, climbing to a great height ; in the 
dense forests of Alto Queta, fr. (?) Oct. 1855. No. 3025. 


6. SALACIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 370. 
1. S. elegans Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 373. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—A widely scandent shrub, 4 to 8 ft. high or 
more; bark sanguineous-purple; branches and branchlets subalate- 
angular, thinly verrucose; leaves very thinly coriaceous, nearly 
membranous, remarkably shining; flowers small, green-yellowish. 
The flowers which are produced in the rainy season appear to be 
barren, as this plant was met with growing upon various trees and 
shrubs which flower twice in each year but only in the colder season 
perfect their fruit. In thickets near Luxillo and also in Barranco de 
Pedra Songue within the lines of fortification ; fl. June 1857. No. 1342. 


2. S. macrocarpa Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 373. 
Pungo ANDoNGo.—A widely scandent shrub ; flowers yellowish 


150 XXXVIII. CELASTRACEZ. [Salacia 


calyx-segments unequal; fruit baccate, pear-shaped, as large as a 
goose’s egg, edible ; seeds numerous, in three rows, horizontal, nearly 
as large as almonds, triquetrous-angular ; testa very hard. In wooded 
thickets along streams near Cazella, within the lines of fortification, 
rather rare; fl. April 1857, fr. Dec. 1856. No. 1339, A climbing 
shrub ; fruit resembling that of ‘“ Matute.” Cou. Carp. 332. 


3. S. cerasifera Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 376. 

Punco ANnponGo.—A handsome robust shrub, climbing far and 
widely ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, shining ; flowers yellow-greenish ; 
fruits as large as a cherry or a little larger, bright orange-red. In 
wooded parts of Barranco de Pedra Songue, within the lines of the 
fortifications, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1856, fr. May 1857. No. 1340. 

The following apparently belongs to the same species :— 

Punco ANDoNGOo.—A shrub 8 ft. high with long slender branches, 
or perhaps the upgrowth of a mutilated tree. In the wooded parts of 


Barranco da Pedra Songue, sparingly ; with white-yellowish flower- 
buds, end of April 1857. No. 466. 


4. §. erecta Walp. Rep. i. p. 402(1842); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.i. 377. 
Ampaca.—An evergreen much-branched shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high ; 
branches sometimes sarmentose ; leaves opposite, coriaceous, rather 
rigid, deep-green; fruit drupaceous, globose, tricostate. In bushy 
places along streams between Camilungo and Cabinda, and more 


abundantly between Cabinda and Isanga ; with unripe fr. Oct. 1856. 
No. 1344. 


XXXIX. RHAMNEA. 


Two species of Zizyphus grow in the open woods of the moun- 
tainous region, and one of them in the plateau region of Angola 
proper ; both occur also in the district of Huilla, and they furnish 
edible fruits, more or less palatable. The most remarkable 
vegetable of this family is an herbaceous climber, with the habit 
of an Aristolochia; it was reported by Welwitsch as constituting 
a new genus, but has been identified with the Cape plant, Helinus 
ovatus EK. Mey. (Welw. Apont. p. 563, n. 151). 


1. ZIZYPHUS Tourn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 375. 


1, Z. Jujuba Lam. Encycl. Méth. ii. p. 318 (1789) (Ziziphus) ; 
Hemsley in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 379. 

Z. insularis Chr. 8m. in Tuck. Congo, p. 250 (1818). Z. ortha- 
cantha DC. Prodr. ii. p. 21 (1825) ; Schmidt Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. 
Ins. p. 302 (1852). 

CazENGO.—A low tree with a broad head. Cazengo at the base of 
Muxatilo ; fr. June 1855. No. 6730. 

GoLtuNnGo ALTO.—A tree of 12 to 20 ft.; branches and crown lax. 
Abundant in open mixed woods between Sange and Trombeta ; fl. 
Nov. 1855. No. 4608. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A tree of 20 to 25 ft., but much shorter in 
secondary thickets. Sporadic, in mixed woods and thickets along the 
river Luxillo ; in flower-bud Jan. 1857. No. 4609. 

Bumeo.—A tree of 15 ft., with broad lax crown ; branches with 
hooked spines ; flowers white-yellowish. At the base of Serra da 


Zizyphus| XXXIX, RHAMNEZ. 151 


Xella above Bumbo, at Bruco; sparingly in fl. and with young fr. 
Oct. 1859. No. 4610. A tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, with a very loose crown, 
vaguely and divaricately branched ; flowers yellowish. At the margins 
of primitive woods between Bumbo and Serra da Xella ; fl. Oct. 1859. 
No. 4611. 

Hviiyia.—An arborescent shrub, with quite patent branches. In 
wooded stony places near Mumpulla, at an elevation of 4000 ft., 
sparingly ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4612. 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLANDs.—A small tree. In sandy and rocky 
maritime places near Porto Praza, in the island of St. Jago, frequent ; 
without either fl. or fr. Jan. 1861. A small-leaved form. No. 4607. 


2. Z. mucronatus Willd. Enum. Pl. p. 251 (1809); Hemsl. in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 380 (mucronata). 

GoLunco ALTO.—A tree of 15 to 20 ft. Road to Sobato de Bumba ; 
without fl. or fr. April 1856. No. 6710. Between Cambondo and the 
Luinha, June 1855. Berries reddish. CoLu. Carp. 334. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A small tree, 8 ft. high. In wooded rocky places 
at the stream Canandua ; without fl. or fr. April 1857. No. 4613, 

Hviitta.—A much-branched tree, 20 ft. high ; branchlets sarmentose- 
flexuose, rather nodding. In wooded stony places around Mumpulla, 
without fl. or fr.,and near Lopollo with unripe fr. Dec. 1859, rather 
rare. No. 1266. 


2. HELINUS E. Mey.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 385. 


1. H. ovatus E. Mey. Zwei Pflanz. Doc. Drége, pp. 142, 144, 
145, 190 (1843) (ovata); Hemsl. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 384. 

H. scandens Radlk. in Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen viii. p. 389 
(1883), non A. Rich. Gouania integrifolia Lam. Encyl. Méth. in. 
p. 5 (1789). #H. integrifolius O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 120. 

GoLunGco ALTo.—A perennial herb or undershrub, with watery sap ; 
flowers white or greenish ; petals spreading at the time of flowering ; 
anthers whitish ; style-lobes included or exserted. Not uncommon, by 
thickets along the banks of the river Delamboa (also at the river 
Luinha and among the mountains in the district of Cazengo) ; with 
fl, and unripe fr. end of May 1856. No. 4614. Near Trombeta, Cam- 
bondo and Sange, rarely in fl. May 1855; Zengas do Zenza, fl. and fr. 
Oct. 1855. No. 46140. In grassy thickets near Sange; fr. August 
1857. Cou. Carp. 335. 


XL. AMPELIDEZ. 


The Ampelidee take a prominent place among the manifold 
groups of plants which exercise more or less influence on the 
physiognomy of the vegetation in West Tropical Africa, and also 
become interesting to the phyto-geographer because the numerous 
species of Cissus and allied genera pretty clearly characterise, by 
their various habits and modes of life, the three great plant-regions 
into which Welwitsch divided the districts of Angola and Ben- 
guella, The number of species found by Welwitsch amounts to 
about forty, including two species of Leea; they range from the 
shores of the Atlantic Ocean up to the richly-wooded highlands of 
the interior, in a direction from west to east along a slanting 


152 XL. AMPELIDEA, 


distance of about 300 miles towards the interior of the continent, 
increasing in the number of species and at the same time in the 
number of individuals. The distribution is such that the fleshy 
species principally inhabit the littoral region, the climbing species 
with glossy coriaceous leaves predominate in the mountainous 
region of the primitive forests, and the erect species affect the - 
highlands of the interior; and this relation of the scandent 
species to the erect species is so marked that there were found in 
the mountainous region of primitive forest (1000—2400 ft. alt.), 
amongst about twenty species, only a very few erect species ; 
while on the plateau of Huilla, which rises far above 5000 ft., 
though covered with forests and eminently adapted for climbing 
plants, there occurred, amongst eight species, only two scandent 
species. A humid atmosphere is favourable to the development 
of Ampelidez, but principally of the scandent species; there 
occurred in the high mountainous tracts of the interior—as, for 
instance, in the sandy forests around Pungo Andongo and in the 
forests of Huilla, composed of species of Protea and Parinariwum— 
chiefly erect species; such not having been seen at all in the 
littoral region, and very rarely in the high forest region. -A con- 
siderable number of species do not at all occur in the jungles on 
the coast, but in rather dry sandy ground or on rocky cliffs, and 
two species even on the most arid burning Gneiss-rocks or in loose 
sands, as, for instance, Cissus rubiginosa and C. jatrophoides. In 
all parts of West Tropical Africa, where woods of Proteacez 
occurred, exclusively erect species were found (see Welwitsch, 
Sert. Angol., p. 30). 

A second characteristic, which is represented in the geographical 
distribution of the species of Cissus and allied genera in Angola, 
is the pubescence and indumentum of the stems and leaves of these 
genera; while the species growing in the littoral region have 
mostly light-green and not very hairy stems and leaves, the 
species occurring in the region of the primitive forests are noted 
for their dark-green, glossy, more or less coriaceous, and frequently 
evergreen foliage, and nearly all the species of the highland region 
of the interior show always a more or less dense pubescence or 
even a tomentose indumentum on the stems and leaves, which, in 
Cissus rubiginosa Planch., a species occurring on the Gneiss-rocks 
of Pungo Andongo, is formed into so dense a gold-tawny shining 
velvet that the whole plant appears as if chiselled out of solid 
copper, and deserves to rank amongst the most beautiful plants of 
Angola. 

C’. jatrophoides, a species without tendrils, with a singular habit, 
and with brilliant scarlet flowers, is peculiar to the Ambaca 
district. 

The Ampelidese luxuriate with the greatest splendour in the 
primitive forests of Golungo Alto and Cazengo, but the greatest 
variety of forms is apparent in Pungo Andongo. A foremost 
rank must be assigned to this family as ornaments of the steppes, 
thickets, and forests, both to the scandent and to the erect species, 


XL. AMPELIDEZ. 153 
not only when flowering, but also and still more when laden with 
their ripe many-coloured grapes—green, violet, bluish, red, etc. 

In Benguella the Ampelidez are also represented rather abund- 
antly, nine species occurring; but they influence the physiognomy 
of the vegetation but little or not at all, as the specimens of the 
respective species occur not only singly and never in quantity, but 
also because the more striking forms, such as Cissus aralioides, 
C. andongensis, C. jatrophoides, and especially the magnificent 
Leea guineensis, are here entirely absent. 

Many species bear edible grapes in Angola, but their taste is 
not very agreeable ; species with edible fruits occur also in Huilla, 
but they are far rarer than in Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo. 
Some species, especially Cissus pruriens, bear fruits which taste 
tolerably good, but are covered with small hairy glands and excite 
in the mouth and throat after chewing them a long-continued 
burning and itching ; the berries of this species are so much more 
dangerous to the traveller, as they are of a very beautiful dark 
’ purple colour, very juicy and good-tasted, and as the consequences 
of eating them are manifested only after a time. During the 
journey from Lopollo to the great lake of Ivantala towards 
Quilengues, Welwitsch and several of his companions bitterly 
experienced the painful consequences of the enjoyment of this 
fruit, only too tempting in hot regions: all of them who had 
tasted the berries were afterwards attacked with a vehement 
burning of the throat, which lasted an hour. 

The pulpy species and those with bottle-shaped stems are 
peculiar to the littoral region; those with tomentose stems are 
mostly found in the highland region. 

The species which are most polymorphous are those with simple 
but lobed leaves, and it is often difficult to decide whether the 
leaves should be called simple or compound, as in different indi- 
viduals of the same species the lobes are often split down to the 
apex of the petiole, and thus a 3- or 5-foliolate leaf is simulated. 
Much depends upon the circumstance whether the individual 
grows in the shade or in sunny places, amongst trees or shrubs or 
in the open steppes or in the forest ; many climbers or creepers 
become in open ground nearly erect and do not form tendrils, and 
reversely ; leaves on young and rather young individuals are often 
very different from those on the old and fruiting branches ; even 
the stems frequently assume in old plants quite a different 
dress and form. On the other hand, the form of the calyx and 
corolla, as well as of the disk and glands, appears to remain very 
constant, but not in numerical relations, since tetramerous and 
pentamerous flowers frequently occur in the same individuals. 

Species with 5-foliolate leaves often have at the extremities of 
the branches, both at the upper and lower parts of the plant, 
3-foliolate leaves, There is a well-marked group, however, which 
has regularly trifoliolate leaves, as Rhoicissus erythrodes and some 
other species. 

No species in Angola ever becomes a tree, not even a small tree, 


154 XL. AMPELIDEA. | Vites 


except Cissus macropus, which is a dwarf tree occurring in 
Mossamedes, and except Cissus Currort Hook. f., a species from 
Elephants’ Bay, which was gathered by Curror, and on his 
authority is described as a tree. But some species, as, for 
instance, Lhoicissus erythrodes, cover low trees; and Cissus 
aralioides and others cover high trees completely with their 
climbing branches, especially in the district of Huilla. The 
pliable stems of a few species are employed by the natives for 
tying up articles for transport. As ornamental plants, those 
with ferruginous foliage and those with quinquefoliolate various- 
coloured leaves might be advantageously introduced. Leea tinc- 
éoria, of the island of St. Thomas, is used by the natives to make 
a violet dye. 

See a paper by Dr. Welwitsch, read before the Linnean Society 
of London, December 17, 1863, and published in the eighth volume 
of the Journal of that Society, pages 75-77, in 1864. 


1, VITIS Tourn., L.; Benth. & Hook. f, Gen. Pl. i. p. 387 pro 
parte. 


1. V. vinifera L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 202 (1753); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 400; Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. in DC. Mon. 
Phan. V. (ii.) p. 355 (1887). 


Punco ANDONGO.—Frequently cultivated in vineyards near the 
fortress at Caghuy in rocky and sandy situations ; without fl. or fr. 
Jan. 1857. No. 1470. 

It is more rarely cultivated at Sange, in Golungo Alto, where it 
flowers and fruits in January, but rather frequently near the city of 
Benguella ; in the district of Mossamedes the cultivation is successful ; 
the white grapes are well flavoured, but are often thick-skinned and less 
aromatic than those grown in Portugal ; black grapes were not seen. 
ay Apontamentos, p. 553 under n. 111, and Sert. Angol. 
p42: 


2. AMPELOCISSUS Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér. (1884) 
p. 374. Vitis Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 387 pro parte. 


1. A. urenefolia Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 385. 
Vitis Schimperiana Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 395 pro 
parte; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis p. 121; non Hochst. 


Punco ANbDONGO.—An undershrub or a shrub, 23 to 6 ft. high, 
either erect or with erect-nodding or inclined or decumbent stems or 
sarmentose or more rarely scandent ; root woody, very thick ; stems 
numerous, cespitose, purplish, rigid at least below; tendrils rare ; 
flowers clustered, dark red ; fruit ellipsoidal, as large as a moderate- 
sized olive, juicy, edible, sweetish but a little acid, at first red, then 
bluish-purple, when mature dark-purple or atrosanguineous. On the 
ascent to Pedra Cazella, in fr. 18 Dec. 1856 ; in grassy rocky thickets 
near Luxillo, rather rare, flower-bud Jan. 1857; in elevated bushy 
places, amongst the gigantic rocks at Pedra Cazella; fl. Feb.*and 
fr. May 1857. Native name “ Quixibua.” No. 1456. A sarmentose 
standard shrub, with apparently purplish flowers, sporadic ; in sandy 
wooded situations near Luxillo ; flower-bud 18 Oct. 1856. No. 1456b. 


Ampelocissus | XL. AMPELIDEZ. 155 


2. A. leonensis Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Jan. 1885, 
p. 80; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 387. 

Vitis Leonensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 398. Cissus 
Leonensis Hook. f. in Hook. Niger FI. p. 264 (1849). 


Sierra LEoNE.—A widely climbing shrub with reddish stem, 
numerous and extensive branches, and blood-red shining fruits. 
Frequent in wooded mountainous situations above Freetown; with 
ripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1500. 


3. A. salmonea Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Jan. 1885, 
p. 31; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 395. 
Vitis salmonea Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 394. 


SreRRA LEONE.—In wooded mountainous places above Freetown ; 
without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1498. 


4, A. platanifolia Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p.47; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 397. 
Vitis platanifolia Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 398. 


Hvuriitia.—A shrubby herb or an undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high or in 
poor ground scarcely 14 ft. high, strictly erect and rigid, with numerous 
stems and without tendrils ; flowers reddish. In the open rather dry 
and sandy woods consisting of Protea, etc., between Lopollo and the 
river Monino, with young fl. Feb. 1860. No. 1447. A suffruticose 
herb or an undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, erect or oblique, channelled, 
very tough, without tendrils; leaves softly coriaceous, very bright- 
green above, ferruginous-hoary beneath ; flowers closely clustered, red ; 
fruit violet-red, obovoid-oblong, nearly glabrous, more than half an 
inch long, edible. In the thinner parts of the forest, between Lopollo 
and the river Monino, amongst small trees of Protea, Eugenia, Dodonea, 
Parinarium, etc. ; fl. and young fr. (the latter not preserved) end of 
Dee. 1859. No. 1505. 


5. A. heracleifolia Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 397. 
Vitis heracleifolia Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.i. p. 398. 


Punco AnponGo.—A climbing undershrub, sometimes standing 
erect ; stems numerous from a woody root-stock. In open woods, com- 
posed of Panda near the fortress ; sporadic ; fl. and flower-buds, 18 Oct. 
1856. No. 1457. An undershrub of 2 to 3 ft. and more, with reddish 
flower-buds. In sparingly grassy sandy places between the fortress and 
Luxillo, sporadic ; not yet in full fl. Oct. 1856. No. 14570. 

The same species occurs also at Caconda in the interior of Angola. 


6. A. dissecta Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 398. 
Vitis dissecta Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 414. 


Pungo ANpoNGo.—An undershrub 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem sub-erect, 
firm, tough, striate, white-tomentose ; leaves compound, palmatipartite, 
white-tomentose beneath; flower-buds purplish. Not common in 
wooded bushy places between Cazella and Luxillo ; not yet in full fl. 
Oct. 1856. No. 1459. 

Hvuriia.—An erect undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high; stems several ; 
cymes compact, small ; flowers reddish. In sandy-earthy woods com- 
posed of Panda, near the great lake of Ivantala ; scarcely in full fi. 


156 XL, AMPELIDES. | A mpelocissus 


Feb. 1860. No. 1444. A sub-erect undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high. In 
bushy places at the borders of woods near Catumba ; without either fl. 
or fr, Feb. 1860. No. 1445. 

Some of the leaves are digitately compound while others are simple 
and palmately lobed; they show that this probably belongs to 
A. heracleifolia Planch., as regarded by Welwitsch and suggested by 
Baker. 


7. A. angolensis Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 400. 
Vitis angolensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 410. 


CazZENGO.—A widely climbing herb, with very densely clustered 
blood-red flowers. In bushy places along the river Luinha near 
Aguas Doces, and in Serra de Muxaila; fl. Dec. 1854, fr. June 1855. 
No. 1488. 

GoLtuNGo ALTO.—A widely climbing undershrub. Leaves 5- 
foliolate, herbaceous but rather fleshy ; flowers yellow-reddish. In 
high thickets in Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ; fl. and fr. March 1856. 
No. 1467. 


The following No. may be a state of the same species ; it differs 
by having trifoliolate leaves :— 


Punco ANDONGO.—Herbaceous, widely scandent; leaflets mem- 
branous, deep-green ; tendrils flowering. Sporadic, by dense thickets 
along the banks of the river Cuanza, near Candumba; in young 
flower-bud Jan. 1857. No. 1462. 


8. A. concinna Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 400. 
Vitis concinna Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 4153. 


LOANDA.—Rather rare at the borders of bushy woods composed of 
Acacia, at Mutollo, near Quicuxe ; fl. March 1854. No. 1491. 


9. A. obtusata Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1855, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 401. 
Vitis obtusata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 414. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A robust undershrub climbing far and widely ; 
stems angular, very tender ; leaflets 5, unequal, very obtuse, becoming 
rigid ; flowers dark-red ; young fruits red, a little juicy. In the more 
elevated thickets of the mountains of Pedras de Guinga, and less 
common on the rocks of the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; fl. and young 
fr. March and April 1857. No. 1461. A subscandent undershrub, 
sometimes erect and nodding at the apex, or decumbent; flowers 
red. In sandy-earthy thickets, at the borders of woods composed of 
Panda, near Luxillo, not far from the fortress, sporadic ; fl. Dec. 1856. 


No. 1504. 


10. A, arcuata Planch. in Journ. la Vigne Amér., Feb. 1885, 
p. 48; Monogr. Ampelid. p. 402. 
Vitis arcuata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 414. 


Punco ANDONGO.—An undershrub, almost a shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; 
stems at first straight, at length arching-deflexed ; branchlets and 
leaves secund. In wooded sandy-earthy thickets near Luxillo, in woods 
composed of Panda ; with badly developed fl. and young fr. April 1857. 
No. 1460. 


Rhoicissus| XL. AMPELIDES. 157 


3. RHOICISSUS Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vy. (ii.) p. 463 
(1887). Vitis Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 387 pro parte. 


1. R. erythrodes Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 465. 
Vitis erythrodes Fresen. in Mus. Senckenberg. ii. p. 284 (1837) ; 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 401. 


PunGo ANDONGO.—A low very much branched shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; 
stems with scar-like pustular rugosities ; tendrils puberulous ; leaflets 
3, unequal, more or less rhomboid, the lateral ones smaller and oblique 
at the base, deep green and rather glossy above, shortly ferruginous- 
tomentose beneath, thinly coriaceous ; flowers whitish-yellow ; calyx 
shortly cup-shaped, scarcely or somewhat toothed at the mouth ; petals 
5 or rarely 4, thick, very rigid, ovate, shortly and gradually acuminate, 
not cohering at the apex im a lid ; filaments flattened at the base ; disk 
flattened out, including the ovary, strictly radiate on the face ; fruit 
2-celled, glabrate, somewhat rugose, deeply 2- or 4-furrowed, 2- or 4- 
gibbous ; cells 2-seeded. Common along thickets throughout the more 
elevated rocky parts of the fortified region of Pungo Andongo, near 
Caghuy ; fl. Feb. 1857, fr. April 1857. No. 1464. <A widely scandent 
shrub or undershrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, with elongated flowering tendrils 
and closely clustered yellowish flowers, With No. 1464; fl. Feb. 1857. 
No. 14640. 


Var. 8. ferruginea (Baker) Planch., /.c., p. 466. 


Punco AnDoNGO.—A pretty shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, widely scandent. 
In hilly bushy places, near the banks of the river Cuanza in Sobato de 
Bumba, not far from the great waterfall, Cachoeira de Condo; fl. and 
fr. March 1857, in company with two species of Protea. A broad- 
leaved form. No. 1465. 

Huitia.—A robust, extensively climbing, intricately branched shrub, 
quite clothing low trees ; trailing shoots hoary ; younger leaves rufous- 
pubescent ; flowers dusky-yellow ; fruits when ripe brick-red, of the 
size and shape of those of Juniperus Oxycedrus L. Not uncommon in 
the lower woods and rocky thickets between Lopollo and Gambos, 
especially at Catumba ; without fl. Feb. 1860 ; fl., and sparingly in fr. 
April 1860; fl. May 1860. No. 1455. 


4, CISSUS L. Diss. Dass. p. 6 (1747), Sp. Pl, edit. 1, p. 117 
(1753). Vitis Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 387 pro parte. 


1. C. palmatifida Planchon Monogr. Ampelid. p. 473. 
Vitis palmatifida Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 397. 


Punco ANDONGO.—In the open rather deeply sandy parts of woods 
composed of Panda (Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir) near Luxillo; without 
either fl. or fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1458. 

This is probably what was said by Baker, /.c., to be the above- 
mentioned species or to be a closely allied species ; the leaves, however, 
are not densely matted on the lower surface, and the petioles are very 
short. 


2. C. morifolia Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 478. 
Vitis pallida Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 393 pro parte; 
non Wight & Arn. 


Punco ANDOoNGO.—A prostrate glaucescent herb, rather rigid, 
running a long distance above the ground or subscandent. In bushy 
dampish situations with tall herbage, along the banks of the river 
Cuanza, near Candumba ; unripe fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1468. 


158 XL. AMPELIDEZ. | Cissus 


3. C. suberosa Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 481. 
Vitis suberosa Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 392. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A robust scandent shrub, decking the loftiest 
trees with a very dense crown; when young simulating a Begonia with 
equal-sided leaves ; the adult stem broadly corky-winged, very knotty 
at the base, in the young state with acute angles and green-purplish. 
In damp situations along streams, at the borders of the primitive forest 
of Mata de Pungo, within the lines of fortification, rather rare ; Dec. 
1856, fl. Feb. 1857. No. 1473. 


4, C. nympheifolia Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 484. 
Vitis nympheifolia Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 393. 


Huiitita.—An ample firmly erect magnificent herb, 23 to 4 ft. high, 
sparingly branched, without tendrils; stems and younger branches 
as well as the inflorescence and the young leaves especially beneath 
covered with a short ferruginous tomentum, the stems and adult 
leaves above becoming nearly glabrous; leaves simple, very ample, 
cordate-orbicular, sub-peltate, petiolate, very obtuse, erose-dentate, 
7-nerved ; flowers tetramerous, white-yellowish ; calyx cup-shaped, 
shortly 4-lobed or 4-dentate ; petals cohering at the base, parting at 
the apex, on the inside with a long hood and a deflexed appendage, 
attached together when falling; disk with 4 little horns or glands 
which receive the filaments in the middle of the sinuses and are 
emarginate-subtruncate at the apex ; ovary immersed in the disk at 
the base, 2-celled, terminating in the thick conical style, stigma 
truncate-capitate. In wooded herbaceous places with tall grass; 
collected in a sally from Lopollo in the direction of Ohai; fl. Feb. 1860; 
near Catumba very sparingly with unripe fr. March 1860. No. 1448. 

The following No., without either flowers or fruits, somewhat 
resembles this species, but the indumentum is pale-tawny, not 
ferruginous; the foliage suggests that of the tree Assonia 
huillensis :-— 

Hvuitia.—An erect herb, 3 or 4 ft. high ; stems several from the 


rootstock. In forests composed of Parinarium, Syzygium, Protea, etc., 
along the river Monino ; Dec. 1859. No. 1450. 


5. C. Livingstoniana Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. p. 76 (1864). 
C. rubiginosa Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 485. Vitis rubiginosa 
Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 394. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—Not uncommon in dense secondary thickets among 
tall herbage at the left bank of the river Cuango, between Sange and 
Camilungo ; fl. and young fr. beginning of Jan. 1856. No. 1476. 

Punco ANpDoNGO.—An elegant undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, covered 
in all parts with beautiful copper-red rather shining tomentum of 
variable thickness; stem erect; branches erect-patent; flowers 
yellowish. Growing in a cespitose manner in dry rocky elevated parts 
of the stronghold of Pungo Andongo, at Pedra Cazella ; fl. April 1857. 
No. 1466. 

6. C. cesia Afzel. Rem. Guin. p. 55 (1815); Planch. Monogr. 
Ampoelid. p. 485. 

Vitis cesia Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 396 pro parte. 

SrerrA LEONE.—Whole plant rather fleshy, glaucous-pruinose, 


rather rigid, brittle. In the more elevated woods above Freetown, on 
Sugar-loaf Mountain ; with scarcely ripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1499. 


Cissus | XL, AMPELIDEH. 159 


7. C. farinosa Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 488. 
Vitis farinosa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 394. 


GoLunco ALTO.—A weak rigid shrub, climbing to a great height ; 
stems glaucous-mealy ; leaves fleshy-coriaceous, rather glossy, turning 
paler and at length reddish-velvety beneath, blade occasionally 6 in. 
broad and 53 in. long. In the elevated primitive woods of Cungu- 
lungulo and of Serra de Alto Queta near Zengas de Queta ; without 
fi. or fr. Feb. and August 1855. No. 1485. 

CAZENGO.—Stem wholly farinaceous with a white powder, climbing, 
very tall; flowers white, rather small, In the primitive coffee-woods 
near Cambondo and Dalatanda ; fl. and young fr. June 1855. No. 1489. 


8. C. Welwitschii Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 489. 
Vitis Welwitschti Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 393. 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A tall climbing shrub, rather fleshy, apparently 
without tendrils ; stem juicy-fleshy ; leaves rather fleshy, coriaceous, 
bright green ; fruits when nearly ripe green-reddish, edible but little 
tasty. Rather rare in the primitive forests of Sobato de Quilombo 
Quiacatubia ; with nearly ripe fr. middle of July 1856. No. 1480. 


The following No., with subglabrous leaves nigro-punctulate on 
both surfaces and nearly entire margin, should be compared with 
this species and with C. farinosa Planch. :— 


GoLunGo ALTO.—Stem branched, glaucous-mealy ; leaves coriaceous, 
glaucous ; Quibélo, without fl. or fr. July 1856. No. 1486. 


9. C. Smithiana Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 490. 
Vitis Smithiana Baker in Oliy. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 390. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—Climbing far and widely ; leaves of a deep and 
bright green colour. In shady tall-bushy parts of the mountains of 
Serra de Alto Queta; not yet in fl, Jan. 1856 ; in fl. Feb. 1856 ; Queta 
Central in unripe fr. April 1856. No. 1483. 


10. C. diffusiflora Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 496. 

Vitis diffusiflora Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 390. VJ. 
producta Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 389 pro parte, non 
C. productus Afzel. Rem. Guin. p. 63 (1815). 


SreRRA LEONE.—A slender undershrub, climbing far and widely, 
smooth, with curious ramification, sometimes resembling a species of 
Smilax ; leaves thinly coriaceous, rather glossy, much paler on the 
lower surface ; stipules ovate, rather fleshy ; Howers white-reddish ; 
petals in most flowers free, but in some flowers on the same plant 
cohering at the apex. In the wooded thickets of Sugar-loaf Mountain 
above Freetown, at an elevation of about 1500 ft., adorning the region 
around the waterfall; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 1501. 


11. C. quadrangularis L. Mant. (i.) p. 39 (1767); Planch. 
Monogr. Ampelid. p. 509. 

Vitis quadrangularis Wall. List, n. 5992 (1831-32); Wight & 
Arn. Prodr. p. 125 (1834); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 399. 


LoanpA.—Primary joint of the stem cylindrical ; the sueceeding 
joints all prismatic, with 4 wings, or scarcely winged but ferruginous- 
margined, undulate at the angles and there purplish, deeply furrowed 
on each side, constricted at the bends, fleshy-fibrous, long-lived; the 
stem, the leaves, and especially the petioles rather rough and sub- 
pubescent with rather rigid whitish-hyaline hairs ; adult leaves broadly 


160 XL. AMPELIDEX. | Cassus 


cordate-ovate, shortly acuminate, distantly and sharply serrate, fleshy, 
soft ; petiole acutely 4-angular, deeply channelled, 13 in. long. In the 
winter or dry time (June to August) the stems denuded of leaves hang 
from branched trees after the manner of Rhzpsalis or of Cereus ; at the 
commencement of the spring-rains the plant reassumes the habit of 
Cissus. Peduncles obtusely quadrangular ; pedicels terete ; flowers pale- 
yellowish ; calyx somewhat repand—4-dentate ; petals 4, fleshy, rigid, 
reflexed at the time of flowering ; stamens 4, erect, exceeding the firm 
style which is stigmatose at the apex ; ripe fruit red, ovoid-globose, 
as large as a good-sized pea, 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed wrapped in 
mucilaginous membrane, erect, black, rather rough, rather large. Not 
uncommon in grassy fields and thickets, climbing on species of Sterculia, 
Ficus, and Adansonia; fl. near Penedo Feb. 1858, young fr. near 
Camutamba April 1858 ; common about the city of Loanda, fl. Jan. 
1854. No. 1497. Fr. March 1858. Co... Carp. 338. 


12. ©. aralioides Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 513. 
Vitis aralioides Welw. ex Baker in Oliy. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 411. 
V. constricta Baker, l.c., p. 409. 


GoLtunco AutTo.—A robust shrub, climbing extensively and to a 
great height, and then gracefully pendulous, the whole plant and 
especially the ample inflorescence resembling an Aralia ; stem cylin- 
drical, succulent but hard, jointed, violet-purple, densely scattered with 
small black rather raised points ; petioles 2 to 4 in. long, somewhat 
furrowed ; leaflets 5, all more or less broadly elliptic-lanceolate, un- 
equal at the base, attenuate at both ends, distantly toothed, subglabrous, 
dark green and with a velvety-metallic gloss above, herbaceous-green 
beneath ; teeth subulate, red ; nerves more or less purplish ; tendrils 
simple or bifid, spirally twisted, rather long, purplish; calyx very 
narrowly and shortly fringed on the margin ; petals 4, red; stamens 
opposite to the deep erect thick rounded-obtuse yellowish channelled 
lobes of the disk; style elongated, capitate-stigmatose at the apex ; 
fruit rather elongated, blue-purplish, edible, as big as a good-sized 
olive, 1-seeded. In damp dense primitive woods, climbing especially 
on Khaya anthotheca C.DC., and on species of Spondiex, along the 
streams Cuango and Quiapoze; fl. April 1856, fr. June 1856, with 
foliage without fl. or fr. Jan. 1855. The most robust of all the 
species of vines seen by Welwitsch in Angola, nearly arborescent at 
the base ; stem 2} to 3 in. in diameter at the base, cylindrical-jointed 
as in Rhipsalis, somewhat furrowed on one side, nodose at the insertion 
of the branchlets leaves and tendrils. It is a remarkable ornament 
when in fruit to the trees on which it grows, and favours especially 
river-side trees ; at Quiapoze, in fr. May 1855. No. 1484. 


13. C. gracilis Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 134 (1832); Planch. 
Monogr. Ampelid. p. 565. 

C. membranacea Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 266 (1849). 
Vitis gracilis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 404 pro parte. 

Ampriz.—In hilly exposed shortly bushy places between the mouth 
of the river Loge and Quizembo, sparingly ; fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1494, 

Barra DO BENGO.—In damp woods at the banks of the river Bengo 
near the convent of St. Antonio (several specimens accidentally sunk 
in the deep parts of the river); fr. Dec. 1853. No. 1496. 

GoLtunGco ALTO.—A herb, climbing high, with small green somewhat 


purplish flowers. In very shady primitive forests near the stream 
Delamboa ; fl. Feb. 1856. No. 1477. By the thickets in the more 


Cissus | XL. AMPELIDEA. 161 


elevated parts of the Sobato de Quilombo Quiacatubia, but sporadic 
only ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 1481. 


14, C. debilis Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 569. 
Vitis debilis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 403. V. gracilis 
Baker, /.c., p. 404 pro parte; non Guill. & Perr. 


GoLtunco ALro.—Among tall bushes at the borders of the primitive 
forests of Sobato de Quilombo-Quiacatubia, on the slopes facing the 
river Zenza ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 1478. 

IsLAND OF Sr. THomMaAs.—In the damp thickets of Monte Caffe ; 
young fr. end of Dec. 1860. No. 1503. 


15. C. stenoloba Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 578. 
Vitis stenoloba Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 408. 


Huiiuia.—A herb, 1 to 23 ft. high ; root thick ; stems several, erect 
or somewhat oblique, straight, shaggy with very soft hairs mixed with 
red capitate glands, at length more or less glabrate, always reddish, 
rather rigid, longitudinally furrowed, swelling at the nodes; lower 
internodes 5 in. long, the upper ones gradually shorter, the uppermost 
ones about 1 in. long; leaflets subfalcate ; transverse veinlets purple ; 
petioles short or ranging up 1 in. or the upper ones obsolete ; stipules 
scarious, reddening, ovate lanceolate or linear, subulate-acuminate, 
spreading, glabrous on the inner surface, somewhat glandular-pubescent 
on the outer surface. In sandy places in open woods between the 
large lake of Ivantala and Quilengues, rather rare ; with few fl. and in 
ripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1449. 


The following No., without either flower or fruit, and badly 
represented in the British Museum set, appears to belong here :— 


HviILtLa.—Stem ascending, branched from the base, deeply striate ; 
stipules subcordate-ovate, very broad. In very shady woods composed 
of Leguminos, near the lake of Ivantala, Feb. 1860. No, 1451. 


16. C. jatrophoides Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 579. 
Vitis jatrophoides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p, 400. 


Ampaca.—A very beautiful succulent herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, in 
habit not badly simulating a Jatropha; root thick, fleshy, perennial, 
surrounded with fibres ; stems cylindrical, erect, simple, bright rose- 
purple, tinged with a glaucous or glassy translucence, without tendrils, 
nodose at the joints; sap watery; leaves alternate, fleshy-succulent, 
rigid, trifoliolate, bistipulate at the base of the petiole, subglaucous- 
green; veinlets crowded, only coming into view after drying; 
inflorescence repeatedly dichotomous, but the primary division of the 
peduncle appears to be typically quinary, and usually 4 or only 3 
corymb-bearing branches are found together with an intermediate 
sterile long-pedicelled solitary flower; peduncles 5 to 9 in. long; 
bracteoles small, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sub-hyaline, two 
together at the base of the pedicels, occasionally at the middle of the 
pedicels ; flowers bright orange-red, small, handsome ; calyx shortly 
cup-shaped, somewhat or scarcely 4-toothed, persistent ; petals 4, equal, 
concave, at the hooded-arched apex cohering in a lid, free at the time 
of flowering and then falling, inserted outside on the thick swelled 
4-lobed hypogynous disk ; stamens 4, inserted at the outer part of the 
base of the disk, opposite the petals, alternating with the lobes of the 
disk ; filaments flattened, free, scarcely shorter than the petals ; anthers 
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, falling with the petals; ovary 
surrounded at the base by the 4-lobed disk, at first 2-celled ; ovules 2 


1} 


162 XL, AMPELIDEA, | Cissus 


in each cell, ascending ; style at the time of flowering a little shorter 
than the stamens, soon after flowering rather elongated ; stigma obtuse, 
at the time of flowering parting at the apex by a very thin chink, after 
flowering bilobed ; lobes spreading horizontally ; fruit obovoid-oblong, 
greenish-purple, a little juicy, rather hard, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; seed 
erect, obovoid ; testa hard-crustaceous, whitish ; endopleura deeply 
induplicate with the albumen. In open clayey-sandy dry stony 
thickets, between the river Lutete and Zamba ; fl. and fr. 17 Oct. 1856. 
Abundant but seen only in one locality. No. 1474. 

The species occurs also in the interior of Angola at Caconda. The 
resemblance of the foliage to a branch of Fucus serratus, mentioned by 
Baker, holds in the case of badly dried specimens but scarcely in those 
of Welwitsch. It is the plant referred to by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. 
Soc. vii. p. 75 (1864) as probably a new genus. 

17. C. macropus Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. p. 77 (1864) ; 
Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 582. 

Vitis macropus Hook. in Bot. Mag. t. 5479 (1864); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 405; Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 5. 


MossaMEpeES,—A dwarf tree, 1 to 3 ft. high. In dry rocky moun- 
tainous (almost salt) parts of the district, especially on the sides of the 
mountains of Serra de Montes Negros near Mossamedes and in the 
interior parts of Giratl towards the east, at an elevation of 400 to 600 
ft.; without fl. or fr. July (and Sept.) 1859; with flowers in cultivation 
in the Lumiar Garden at Lisbon May 1862. No. 1446. 


18. C. adenocaulis Steud. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. sect. iii. n. 
1702; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 111 (1847) ; Planch. Monogr. 
Ampelid. p. 586. 

Vitis tenuicaulis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 404 pro 
parte. V. adenocaulis Mig. Ann .Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat., i. p. 79 
(1863-64); Baker, U.c., p. 405. 


Loanpa.—A slender herb, much and czespitosely branched, prostrate; 
branchlets ascending-scandent,very slender ; leaves glossy-green, soft 
but rather fleshy; leaflets obliquely unequal at the base; flowers 
orange-yellow with a purplish tinge. Common by the lower thickets 
in the dry sterile sandy-stony parts of Praia de Zamba Grande ; fl. 
June, fr. July 1858. No. 1493. 


19. C, chloroleuca Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 592. 
Vitis chloroleuca Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 406. 


Hvi1LLta.—A_ subscandent ornamental undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; 
cymes bracteate ; flowers red ; fruit ovoid-globose, tomentose, edible. 
Very rare, in wooded-mountainous rocky places from the great lake of 
Ivantala in the direction of Quilengues ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1453. 


20. C. andongensis Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 592. 
Vitis andongensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr.1. p. 406. 


Punco ANpDoNGO.—An undershrub or a shrubby perennial herb, 
2 to 3 ft. high; stem zigzag, reddish, channelled-striate, sparingly or 
scarcely cirrhose. Leaves 5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, the 
middle one shortly petiolulate, the two lateral ones sessile, unequally 
dentate, deep-green and nearly glabrous above, ferruginous-tomentose 
beneath ; petiole about 1 in, long; stipules half-ovate, rather obtuse, 
red, persistent for a long time. Inflorescence shaggy-tomentose ; 
flowers pale-whitish-yellow ; calyx flattish but rather cup-shaped, 


Cissus | XL, AMPELIDE&, 163 


obscurely 4-dentate or nearly entire or very narrowly fimbriate- 
denticulate ; petals 4 or rarely 5 (in the same cluster), broad, rather 
fleshy, cohering at the inflexed hooded apex, falling together; disk 
yellow, with 4 raised tubercles. Rare and sporadic, in rocky bushy 
places in the more elevated parts among the gigantic rocks on the 
western side of the fortified region of Pungo Andongo; fl.and young fr. 
Feb. 1857. No. 1463. 


21. C. pendula Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 594. 
Vitis pendula Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 407. 


Punco ANnDoNGO.—A low widely climbing perennial herb, from 13 
to nearly 3 ft.; stem thick, juicy, fleshy, covered as well as the petioles 
and peduncles with blood-red glandular pilose hairs, viscid ; leaves 
herbaceous-fleshy, not coriaceous, rather rigid, bright-green above, 
white- or whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers whitish or yellowish, 
reddening outside; fruit ovoid, blood-red, pendulous. In rocky 
thickets and stony bushy pastures and less abundantly on rocks, at 
Caghuy and in other parts of the fortified region of Pungo Andongo ; 
fl. and fr. from Oct. 1856 to April 1857. No. 1472. 


22. C. pruriens Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 595. 

Vitis pruriens Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 408, 

Hvuiitta.—An erect perennial herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, viscid-glandular 
throughout ; hairs as well as the leaflets bright-green, terminating with 
red glands ; stems several, sparingly branched ; petals whitish at the 
base, blood-red from the middle to the apex ; fruit when ripe $ in. in 
diam., bright red, with a pleasant acid-sweet taste, somewhat pendulous, 
covered with stinging hairs which after mastication afflict for hours 
the palate with a painful burning sensation. In wooded stony 
meadows near Lopollo, in the direction of Monino, sparingly ; fl. and 
fr. middle of Dec. 1859. No. 1454. 


23. C. Vogelii Hook. f. in. Hook. Niger Fl. p. 267 (1849); 
Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 596. 

Vitis Vogelit Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i, p. 409. 

GoLtunGco ALtTo.—Climbing to a considerable height ; leaves mem- 
branous,. with a velvety gloss ; unripe fruit blood-red. In thickets at 
the base of the western mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, in the 
direction of Quibolo; fl. and unripe fr. March and June 1856. 
No. 1482. An undershrub, climbing far and widely; fruit grape- 
shaped, black, as large as a good-sized pea, eaten by the negroes. 
Sange; fr. and seeds April 1855. Determination doubtful. Cou... 
Carp. 339. 


24, C, stipulacea Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 597. 
Vitis stipulacea Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 408. 


CazENGO.—Inflorescence very viscid throughout ; fruit ellipsoidal, 
of a vinous-red colour. In the more arid stony thickets amongst 
shrubs of Strychnos, at the left bank of the river Luinha, near 
Muxatila ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 1490. 

Ampaca.—A widely climbing herb ; leaves 5-foliolate, paler beneath ; 
flowers red. Sporadic, in thickets at the borders of woods, between 
Zamba and the stream Lutete ; without fl. or fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1475. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In damp tall-grassy places between the fortress 
and Caghuy ; fl. and young fr. March 1857. No. 1471. 

Planchon, /.c., quotes Welwitsch No. 1450 for this species, probably 
by error for 1490 


164 XL, AMPELIDES, | Cissus 


25. C. Buchananii Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 601. 

C'. oppositifolia Welw. ms. ex Planch., /.c., p. 602. Vitis Thon- 
ningit Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 407, pro parte. V. tenwi- 
caulis Baker, l.c., p. 404, n. 47, pro parte. 

LoanpAa.—A prostrate or climbing herb, rather fleshy throughout. 
Stem brittle at the nodes; leaves 5-3-foliolate, mostly alternate but 
occasionally in the middle of the stem opposite, deep green on both 
surfaces, somewhat pubescent, almost lepidote-pubescent, occasionally 
glandular ; leaflets repand-dentate, all petiolulate ; flowers yellow- 
reddish ; cymes dichotomous; fruit densely ashy-tomentose, as large 
as a good-sized pea. On stony grassy slopes between Quicuxe and 
Mutollo; fl. and nearly ripe fr. April 1854. No. 14920. 

BarrRA DO BENGO,—A prostrate very sarmentose herb, rarely sub- 
scandent on neighbouring shrubs ; leaflets dark-green and glossy above, 
pale-green and with raised nerves beneath; flowers yellowish-red, 
scattered with little red glands ; calyx unequally and almost obsoletely 
toothed ; petals saccate-hooded at the apex, rather elongated, connivent 
into a pitcher which is manifestly constricted in the middle; stamens 
4; disk rather thick, deeply 4-crenulate. Occasional in dry shrubby 
places, also in damp places from Quicuxe in the direction of Cacuaco ; 
fl. July 1858. No. 1492. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—Sporadie at the borders of primitive woods near 
Undelle ; fl. Feb. 1856. No. 1479. At the borders of primitive woods 
between Sange and Bango Aquitamba, sporadic; fl. and young fr. 
Jan. 1856. No. 1479b. 

Punco ANbDoNGo.—An herbaceous undershrub. Stem elongated, 
4 to 6 ft. long, climbing, slender, pubescent, with tendrils ; leavessome 
alternate, others in the middle of the stem opposite, 5-foliolate ; leaflets 
nearly glabrous, deep-green on both surfaces, obovate-oblong, coarsely 
repand-dentate ; petiole 14 to 2 in. long; cymes axillary, on long 
peduncles, equalling the leaves, repeatedly 3-2-chotomously divided ; 
the flowers as well as the stem, petioles and margins of the leaves beset 
with distant thickly-stalked glands. Rather rare, in rocky thickets 
between Caghuy and Calunda, by the road leading from Pungo 
Andongo towards Candumba, fl. Feb. 1857. No. 1469. 

Bumpo.—A bright-green, widely climbing herb, with slender stem 
and yellow-purplish flowers. In primitive forests along a stream in 
Serra da Xella ; one specimen fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1452. 


26. ©. crassiuscula Planch. Monogr. Ampelid. p. 608. 

Vitis crassiuscula Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, i. p. 406. 

Loanpa.—A_ herb, branched at the base ; branches dark-purple, 
glandular-viscid, prostrate; branchlets occasionally ascending and 
scandent ; leaves 5-3-foliolate; leaflets rather thick and succulent, 
deep-green above, white-tomentellous beneath ; flowers yellow-pur- 
plish ; unripe fruit ovoid, tomentose. Sparingly in shortly bushy 
poor ground between Penedo and Conceigao ; fl. and young fr. end 
of June 1858. No. 1459. 


5. LEEA Royen L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 388. 
1. L. guineensis G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 712 (1831); C. B. 
Clarke in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 166. 
L. sambucina Schum. & Thonn. Guin. Pl. p. 134 (1827); 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 415; non Willd. 
Go._unego ALTo.—A handsome undershrub, 4 to 9 ft. high ; leaves 


Leea| XL. AMPELIDEA. 165 


tripinnate, 2 to 3 ft. long, widely sheathing at the base ; leaflets sub- 
coriaceous, very glossy; peduncles leaf-opposed; flowers cymose- 
umbellate, orange-yellow or often bright scarlet, sometimes yellow or 
orange-red ; cymes 4 in. in diam. ; fruit of the size of a small cherry, 
compressed-hemispherical, dark-blue or purple, soft, marked outside 
with 6 vertical furrows indicating the 6 cells, filled with a liquid dark- 
violet pulp ; cells 1-seeded ; seeds ovoid-triangular, of a dark-chestnut 
colour. Common in primitive woods and in moist palm-groves 
throughout the district, especially by springs and streams ; fl. during 
nearly the whole year, fr. from July to Sept. 1856; Capopa and 
Zenza. No. 1487. Cungulungulo, Feb, 1855, in company with 
Hemanthus. No. 1487b. An undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high; in palm- 
groves near Sange; seeds April 1855. Coui. Carp. 340. Near the 
river Cuango in palm-groves; fr. July 1855. Cou. Carp. 341. 
By the Cuango in shade; seeds Dec. 1855. Cou. Carp. 342. 


2. L. tinetoria Lindl. (also Welw.) ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 416; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Bot. 1881, p. 167; Ficalho, 
Pl. Uteis p. 123 (1884). - 

IsLAND oF St. THomas.—A smali sub-herbaceous tree or bush, 5 to 
8 ft. high, rarely 10 ft. high, usually a shrub of 5 to 6 ft., very elegant, 
with the aspect of Meliacez ; stems somewhat plurisulcate, reddish ; 
leaves alternate, bipinnate ; leaflets broadly elliptical, with a long 
acumen at the apex, distantly dentate serrate with pointed teeth, 
glabrous ; peduncles opposite the leaves, much shorter than the petioles, 
much compressed, cymose-decompound, 2-3-chotomous, rufous-hairy 
above ; flowers from yellow turning to red or altogether bright red, 
rather large, ventricose-cylindrical in the bud, pedicellate ; pedicels 
longer than the calyx, 3 in. long or rather longer, subangular in young 
fruit; calyx glandular-tuberculate, campanulate, rather thick, 5-dentate; 
teeth rigid, pointed; petals 5, rather thick and rigid, fleshy, brittle 
when dry, oblong-linear, 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx, at length 
reflexed, cohering at the base and adnate to the staminal tube ; staminal 
tube cylindrically- pitcher-shaped, elongated, 5-cleft; lobes erect, obtuse ; 
filaments 5, free, inserted at the base of the free part of the tube, 
flattened, turned inwards and antheriferous at the apex; anthers 
cohering by their margins, included between the lobes at the inner part 
of the tube, opposite to the petals ; ovary glandular-tuberculate,6-celled ; 
cells 1-ovuled ; style straight, cylindrical, as long as the staminal tube ; 
stigma depresso-capitate ; young fruit depresso-globose, thinly tuber- 
culate, 6-celled, umbonate with the remains of the deciduous style. 
A valuable and beautiful violet-coloured dye is obtained from this 
plant and is employed by the natives. Native name ‘“ Celé celé.” 
In wooded mountainous places, along streams, at Fazenda do Monte 
Caffé ; very sparingly fl, Dec. 1860. No. 1502. 


XLI. SAPINDACEZ. 


The Sapindacex principally frequent the mountainous region, 
where they are met with in the humid and shady woods of the 
mountainous districts, especially those of Quilombo, Quiacatubia, 
and Alto Queta; they are very variable in habit, presenting 
themselves in some cases in the form of herbaceous or shrubby 
climbers, in others as trees more or less elevated and nearly 
always with shining and evergreen foliage ; some species of Camdio- 
spermum infest as herbs only the standing crops; the genera 


166 XLI, SAPINDACER. | Paullinia 


Paullinia, Aphania, etc., appear quite at the banks of streams in 
the coast region; Allophylus africanus, Bersama paullinioides, as 
well as a new species of this genus and some other genera, inhabit 
the virgin woods of the mountainous region (Welw. Apont. p. 562, 
n. 147); 

a species of African Sapindaceze are edible; a species of 
Chytranthus in the Island of St. Thomas is often called by the 
Portuguese colonists ‘‘ Pecego” (peach); also certain species of 
Aphania produce edible fruits. The genus Ptaeroxylon (Sneeze- 
wood) is very remarkable on account of the wood exciting sneezing ; 
it occurs not only at the boundary of the equinoctial circle, but 
even within 7° to 9° south latitude in the hilly or interior portion 
of the littoral region. Some affinity exists between Sapindaceze 
and Euphorbiaceze through the medium of the Euphorbiaceous 
genus Hymenocardia, the flowers and fruits of which remarkably 
resemble a species of Dodonwa, and even their structure is suffi- 
ciently similar, although the presence of albumen in Hymenocardia 
and the structure of the embryo easily prove an ordinal difference ; 
moreover, Oldfieldia has been placed successively in the two 
Natural Orders. 


1. PAULLINIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 394. 


1. P. pinnata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 366 (1753) partly ; Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 419; Radlk. Monogr. Paull. p. 69 (1896). 


Ampriz.—At the margins of woods near Lagéa da Banza de Ambriz, 
at an elevation of scarcely 150 ft.; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1700. 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—Abundant at the borders of primitive forests from 
Calélo as far as Cambondo; fl. August and Sept. 1855, fr. Sept. 1854. 
No. 1701. 

Bumso.—A widely climbing shrub, with white flowers. In thin 
bushy woods along the banks of the Bumbo stream; fl. and fr. Oct. 
1859. No. 1703. 


Var. subherbacea. 


A widely climbing herb, almost wholly herbaceous or suftruti- 
cose; flowers white. 
BARRA DO BENGO.—In bushy wooded places along the banks of the 


river Bengo near Quifandongo ; fl. Dec. 1853. (Also near S. Antonio 
do Bengo.) No. 1702. 


2. CARDIOSPERMUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 393. 


1. C. grandiflorum Sw. Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pl. p. 64 (1788); 
Radlk. in Sitz, Akad. Muench. viii. (1878) p. 260. 


Var. elegans. 


GoLunGo ALTO.— Extensively climbing and almost entirely covering 
with their white flowers neighbouring shrubs. Common by thickets 
and at the margins of woods near Calélo; fl. and fr. 17 Sept. and Oct. 
1854. No. 1679. An undershrub, climbing far and widely, stems sub- 
glabrous or sparingly and adpressedly villous ; common by thickets 
throughout the district ; near Sange fl. and fr. July and August 1856. 
No. 1681. 

CAzZENGO.—In the woods of Cambondo ; fr. June 1855. No. 16810. 


Cardiospermum| XLI. SAPINDACE. 167 


Var. hirsutum; C. barbicaule Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
p. 418. 

GoLuNGo ALttTo.—<A terrestrial herb, widely diffuse, beset with 
stinging hairs ; at the margins of primitive woods between Cambondo 
and the stream Luinha; without fl. or fr. June 1855. A widely 
climbing undershrub ; stem setose-pilose ; flowers white ; by secondary 
thickets on the lower slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, 
near Carengue; fl. July 1855. No. 1680. A very widely climbing 
undershrub ; stem clothed with long and dense pilose hairs ; flowers 
whitish ; Carengue Queta, fr. August 1856. At Cacarambolo, in fl. 
June 1856. No. 6680. 


2. C. Halicacabum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 366 (1753); Baker, dc, 
p. 417; Radlk. in Sitz. Akad. Muench. vii. (1878) p. 261. 

C’. microcarpum Kunth. in Humb. & Bonpl. Nov. Gen. v. p. 104 
(1821); Baker, Zc., p. 418. 


Linonco AND BARRA pDO BeENGo.—An annual, voluble-scandent, 
much-branched herb, with white flowers; in marshy sandy places at the 
banks of the river Lifune near Banza de Libongo, fl. and fr. Sept. 
1858. Common in palm-groves at the banks of the river Bengo, near 
St. Antonio; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and Jan. 1854; also, but less 
frequently, near Quicuxe, where the var. microcarpum occurs more 
abundantly. No. 1683. 

LoANDA.—By drying-up pools near Imbondeiro dos Lobos; fl. and 
fr. April 1854. (Var. microcarpum) No. 1684. An annual herb, 
very extensively sarmentose-cespitose, forming clumps 3 to 6 ft. high; 
flowers whitish ; capsules of a dark chestnut colour. Occasional in 
muddy drying-up places, both cultivated and uncultivated, around 
Quicuxe; fl. and fr. June to August 1858. (Var. microcarpwm) 
No. 1684). In cultivated places near Loanda ; seeds July 1854. Cou. 
Carp, 343. In fields near Quicuxe; fr. Oct. 1858. Cou. Carp. 344. 

ZENZA DO GoruNGo.—In fields planted with cotton-plants near 
Calunguembo, sporadic ; flower-bud Sept. 1857 (var.). No. 1685. 

GoLunco ALTo.— In fields planted with Phaseolus, near Sange, rather 
rare ; scarcely in fl. April 1856 (var.). No. 1686. 

Punco ANbonco.—A decumbent or climbing little herb; fruit 
inflated-trigonous, depressed at the apex ; angles membranous-winged. 
Near Catete, on rocks covered with a thin soil short grass and species 
of Ophioglossum; fl. and fr. 5 Jan. 1857. (Var. microcarpum) 
No. 1687a. In thickets at the base of Pedras de Guinga, before the 
existence of any cultivation; fl. and fr. March 1857. (Var. micro- 
carpum) No. 1687b. 


3. C. Corindum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 2, p. 526 (1762); Radlk. in 
Sitz. Akad. Muench. viii. (1878) p. 261. 

C’. canescens Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. p. 14, t. 14 (1830); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 418. 

Bumso.—Rather rare, in neglected fields, behind Bumbo, at the base 
of Serra da Xella; with fr. and few fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1682. 

3. ALLOPHYLUS L. FI. Zeyl. p. 58 (1747), Sp. Pl. edit. 1, 
p. 348 (1753). Schmidelia L. (1767); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pi. hep, 390: 

1. A. africanus P. Beauv. Fl. Oware, 1. p. 74, t. 107 (1807). 

Schmidelia africana DC, Prodr. i. p. 610 (1824); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 421. 


168 XLI, SAPINDACE, [ Allophylus 


Pending a monographic treatment of the genus, I mention all 
of Welwitsch’s specimens under this species; it appears to me 
impossible to keep Schmidelia affinis Guill. & Perr. distinct from it, 
and in other respects the arrangement of the genus in the Flora 
of Tropical Africa requires revision. 


GoL_uNnGo ALTo.—A shrub of a man’s height, dispersedly branched, 
with trifoliolate leaves confined to the apex of the branches, and white 
flowers. In the thickets of Undelle, in shady situations; fl. end of 
June 1855. No. 4508. A shrub or sometimes almost a tree ; branches 
twisted, nodulose, flexuous ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets membranous, 
smooth and glossy above ; flowers white ; calyx-segments 2 herbaceous 
and 2 petaloid, all concave ; petals 4, woolly within ; 2 glands thick, 
truncate, yellow. In the dense forests of Queta ; young fl. Jan. 1856. 
No. 4509. In the primitive forests of Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia ; 
fl. end of Jan. 1856. No. 4510. A slender shrub, sometimes sub- 
scandent with elongated sarmentose branches ; flowers whitish ; fruit 
juicy, scarlet. In the primitive forests of Quilombo, sporadic ; fl. and 
fr. April and May 1856. No. 4511. No notes. Fl. No. 6682. The 
specimens from this district, as also No. 4512 from Pungo Andongo, 
approach A. rubifolius Engl. (Schmidelia rubifolia Hochst., Baker, l.c., 
p. 423). 

CazeNnco.—A little tree or tall shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high, with spreading 
branches and reddish fruit. In dry situations at the skirts of the 
forests between Cabondo and Caculo ; fr. June 1855. No. 4513. 

Pungo ANponGo.—A shrub or small tree, with white flowers. In 
the denser forests of Mata de Pedra Cabondo, within the fortress ; 
fl. April 1857. No. 4512. A tall tree, 35 to 40 ft. high ; branches lax 
and rambling ; young fruit green, pea-shaped ; sporadic, at the banks 
of the river Cuanza, between Candumba and Lombe; young fr. 
beginning of March 1857. No. 4514. Mata de Pungo: flower-bud 
Dec. 1856, No. 4515. 


The following perhaps also belongs here :— 


Gotunco ALTo.—A climbing shrub, with the habit of Frangula 
(Rhamnoid) ; flowers ashy-whitish ; berries black, of the size and 
shape of a pepper-corn. Alto Queta ; fr. Dec. 1855, Cou. CARP. 337. 


4, DEINBOLLIA Schum.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 405. 
1. D. cuneifolia Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 432. 


GoLtunco Auto.—A shrub of 3 to 5 ft., or perhaps a young tree ; 
leaves evergreen, paripinnate, coriaceous ; petiole much thickened at 
its insertion. In the male flowers calyx-segments 5, broadly ovate, 
fleshy, concave, more or less ciliate at the margin, of unequal length, 
imbricate ; petals 5, obovate, rather fleshy, white, inserted around the 
base of the thick disk, sessile, with their imbricate margins conhivent 
in an urceolate manner around the bundle of filaments, fimbriate-ciliate 
on the margin especially toward the apex, alternating with the calyx- 
segments ; stamens I5 to 20 (?) (16 in one case), inserted on the flat 
part of the torus and around the rudiments of the ovary, erect, sub- 
exserted ; filaments somewhat flattened, whitish, beset with long rigid 
hairs directed upwards ; anthers yellow, ovoid, 2-celled ; cells longitudi- 
nally dehiscing ; rudiment of the ovary consisting of conspicuously 
brown-hirsute styles. At the skirts of forests and of palm-groves, 
between Sange and Menha-Lula; male fl. 23 July 1855. No. 4524. 


The following five Nos. perhaps belong to the same species, 


Deinbollia| XLI. SAPINDACE. 169 


which in that case would probably be included in the type species 
of the genus, D. pinnata Schum. & Thonn, Guin. Pl. p. 242 (1827) 
not of Baker, /.c. :— 


AmpBriz.—At the lake Quibanza. Fruit scarlet. Name “ Muene 
muene.” No. 4525. 

GoLuNGo ALtTo.—A low shrub; calyx rufous-tomentose ; petals. 
white. In thickets sprung up after cultivation, by the road leading to 
Menha Lula; fi. end of July 1855. No. 4527. <A shrub of 4 to 5 ft., 
with white flowers. In bushy places near the Cuango, rather rare ; 
fi. July 1855. No. 4528. A bush 4 to 7 ft. high, trunk erect at the 
base, more or less oblique above ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, variable in 
number ; flowers white-yellowish (stamens 13 in one case) ; ripe fruit 
red. In thickets among the mountains of Queta; fl. middle of August 
1856. No. 4529. A tree-like shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, erect, but little- 
branched, evergreen ; flowers polygamous (male and hermaphrodite) ; 
calyx-segments rounded-ovate, 4 or 5, ciliate on the margin, much 
imbricate ; petals 4 or 5, longer than the calyx, whitish ; ciliate, con-- 
nivent, with a large scale within ; stamens 16 to 20, strictly erect from 
the inside of the thick disk, very villous, almost hispid ; anthers 2-celled, 
longitudinally dehiscent. In secondary thickets on the right bank of 
the Cuango, by the Ambaca road and near Sange ; fl. and young fr. 
middle of Oct. 1855. No. 4530. 


The following No., with fruiting racemes and without foliage, 
should also be compared with this species :— 


ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—In the forests of the mountains of Mongolo ; 
fr. Sept. 1854. No. 4535. 


5. APHANIA Blume, Bijdr. p. 236 (1825). Sapindus Benth. 
& Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 404 pro parte. 

1. A. senegalensis Radlk. in Sitzb. Akad. Muench. viii. (1878), 
p. 238. 

Sapindus senegalensis Juss. (¢. Radlk.) ex Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 
Méth. vi. p. 666 (1804) excl. descript. ; Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. 
p- 117 (1831); De Less. Ic. Sel. Pl. it. p. 22, t. 38 (1857); 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 430. Ornithrophe thyrsoides 
Schum. & Thonn. Guin. Pl. p. 185 (1827). Schmideha thyrsoides 
Baker, /.c., p. 423. 


Lizonco.—A tree of 15 to 25 ft., or in secondary woods an arbo- 
rescent shrub, evergreen, with a dense crown ; leaves bifoliolate, char- 
taceous-rigid, glossy, bright green; flowers polygamous, yellowish. 
Abundant in wooded situations near the river Lifune, in the upper 
parts of the district ; fl. end of Sept. 1858. No. 4532. 

IcoLo & Benco.—A tree of 20 ft., with a dense and broad crown and 

with the habit of Mangifera indica L.; leaves bifoliolate ; flowers 
yellowish. Sparingly, in wooded places at the river Zenza, near 
Camutamba ; fl. beginning of Sept. 1857. No. 4533. 
' ZENZA DO GoLuNGO.—A tree of 20 to 30 ft., with a very dense 
ovoid-spherical crown ; leaves bifoliolate, coriaceous, glossy, bright 
green ; flowers yellowish. At the margins of streams in wooded 
depressions between Tanderachique and Quicanda, at Quindjongo ; 
fl. 4 Sept. 1857. No. 4534. 


2. A. golungensis Hiern, sp. n. 
A shrub of 4 to 5 ft. with hard wood, becoming in the primitive: 


170 XLI, SAPINDACES. | A phania 


forests a little tree of 6 to 12 ft.; branches erect-patent, flexuous, 
terete, glabrate, leafy; leaves alternate, pari-pinnate, coriaceous, 
glossy, glabrate, 6 to 12 in. long, 1-4-jugate; common petiole 1 to 
3in. long; petiolules 4, to } in. long; leaflets narrowly elliptical, 
2 to 6 by 2 to 12 in., deciduous at the time of flowering ; flowers 
dicecious, arranged on the branches in lateral simple or occasionally 
branched spikes of ? to 24 in., whitish, a little yellowish, 34 to 
4 in. long. In the male flowers calyx-segments 4, valvate, tawny- 
tomentellous outside; petals 4 (the place of the fifth vacant), 
spathulate-obovate, each with two cleft appendages above the 
claw, glabrous except the subciliate sides, rather longer than 
the sepals; stamens 8 or 9, glabrous, subequal, exserted; disk 
unilateral, short, fleshy, glabrous ; style bifid at the apex or un- 
divided or wanting, glabrous, shorter than the filaments; ovary 0. 
In the female flowers staminodes 9 or 10, shorter than the 
stamens in the male flowers; ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; ovules 
solitary; fruit carpels 3 or fewer, unequal, somewhat hairy, the 
largest ovoid, somewhat compressed, 4 in. long, velvety-scarlet, 
edible, delicious. 

GoL_uNnco AutTo.—In bushy woods on the right-hand side of the 
Ambaca road, fl. Feb. 1856; Queta, fr. middle of Nov. 1855. No. 4516. 
Queta, Ambaca road ; male fl. Oct. 1855. No. 6681. Without fl. or fr. 
No. 66810. 


6. CHYTRANTHUS Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. p. 403. 


1. C. Mannii Hook. f., lc, p. 404; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 430; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis p. 123 (1884). 


GoLuNGO ALTo.—An erect tree, dicecious or polygamous, with a 
palm-like habit ; leaves alternate, pinnate, large ; flowers thyrsoid, in 
racemes spreading from the trunk near its base; calyx petals and 
filaments, as well as the petiole and the rachis of the whole inflores- 
cence, beset with white more or less dense rather rigid pilose hairs, in 
the living state all these parts brilliantly rose-scarlet ; calyx campanu- 
late, somewhat gibbous, 5-cleft ; petals inserted at the external base of 
the unilateral reniform disk, unguiculate ; claw furnished at the apex 
with a bifid hairy ligule ; stamens usually 7, the 5 shorter ones inserted 
between the disk and the rudimentary ovary, the 2 taller ones at the 
opposite margin of the ovary, the 2 taller ones exserted, the others 
subexserted ; filaments pilose ; anthers elliptical or more or less ovoid- 
elliptical, inserted at the emarginate base, 2-celled, longitudinally 
dehiscing ; ovary rudimentary, hemispherical, sessile, composed of very 
dense rigid red hairs. Abundant in primitive forests at 2000 to 2300 
ft. alt., near Sange, at Capopa ; male fl. August 1855. No. 1690. 

PRINCE’s IsLAND.—A tree attaining 14 ft., but usually only 8 or 9 ft.; 
racemes simple or frequently paniculate, springing from the trunk a 
little above its base, nodding on all sides as well as the flowers clothed 
with rose-sanguineous or nearly scarlet velvety indumentum. Colonial 
name ‘ Pecego” (peach). In wooded places, at elevation of 300 
to 400 ft., in plantations of Theobroma Cacao L.; fl. Sept. 1853. 
No. 1689. 

IsLAND oF Sr. THomMas.—A tree, 10 to 15 ft, high ; called ‘“ Peceg- 
ae (peach-tree); in mountainous places, Monte Caffé ; fl. Dec. 1860. 
No. 1688. 


Lecaniodiscus | XLI, SAPINDACES. 171 


7. LECANIODISCUS Planch.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. p. 402. 

1. L. cupanioides Planch. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 251 
(1849). 

GoLuNnGo ALTO.—An elegant tree, 8 to 20 ft. high ; trunk attaining 
4 in. diam.; branches spreading; leaves crowded at the apex of the 
branches, impari-pinnate ; flowers dioecious; very sweetly fragrant, 
milk-white or almost white-bluish. Rachis of the long male racemes 
angular, channelled ; calyx-segments imbricate at the flowering ; petals 
); stamens 10 or 9 or 8 (or in the female flower 12, abortive); filaments 
filiform ; anthers basifixed, introrse ; disk thick, waxy, green-yellowish ; 
ovary ovoid, hispid, rudimentary ; style 0; stigma thick, capitate. In 
- primitive forests at the banks of the stream Delamboa, not abundant ; 
and by thickets in Sobato Mossengue, rare ; male fl. end of March, ripe 
fr. beginning of Nov. 1855. Nos. 4632, 6683. A moderate-sized tree. 
In forests on the right bank of the stream Delamboa ; female fl. and 
young fr. June 1855. No. 6684. A shrub of 6 ft. with an erect trunk 
or perhaps a young tree. Sporadic in little dense secondary woods at 
the base of Serra de Alto Queta ; young fr. April 1855. Determination 
doubtful. No. 1274. 


8. PHIALODISCUS Radlk. in Sitz. Akad. Muench. ix. (1879), 
p. 497. 


1. P. plurijugatus Radlk. in Sitz. Akad. Muench. xx. (1890), 
p. 263. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A copiously leafy tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, with 
spreading branches. In very dense forests among the mountains of 
Serra de Alto Queta ; without either fl. or fr. Feb. 1855. No. 4519. 
In flower-bud. No. 4520. Without either fl. or fr. No. 4522. A 
tree, 25 to 30 ft, high; trunk 2 to 3 ft. in diameter at the base ; 
branches spreading; crown ovoid; leaves bijugate. In the more 
elevated forests, mountains of Queta, Carengue ; in flower-bud Sept. 
1856. Native name, used in acollective sense, ‘‘ Cachique.” No. 6676. 
A small tree ; Coffea melanocarpa plantation, Caculo ; capsule, beginning 
of Sept. 1855. Appears to belong to this species. CoLu. Carp. 349. 

CazZENGO.—A tree of 8 to 12 ft.; trunk 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches 
rather erect. At the borders of primitive forests near Cambondo and 
Caculo, sporadic ; fr. Dec. 1854. No. 4521. A tree, 8 to 10 ft. high ; 
branchlets more or less nodose, twisted ; flowers destroyed by insects. 
Near Caculo, by secondary wooded thickets, June 1855. No. 4528. 


2. P. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

Branches woody, terete, glabrous, dull; branchlets dull grey- 
green, slightly puberulous towards the apex; leaves alternate, 
exstipulate, mostly pari-pinnate and 4-jugate, 8 to 14 in. long; 
petiole angular, subglabrate, 1 to 24 in. long; leaflets mostly 
opposite, more or less elliptic-oblong, obtusely acuminate at the 
apex, often unequally narrowed at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, 
entire or subentire, dark-green on both surfaces, 33 to 8 in. long 
by 14 to 24 in. broad ; lateral veins in 7 to 12 pairs, in relief on 
the lower surface and impressed on the upper surface; petiolules 
to 3 in. Male inflorescence in terminal paniculate spikes, about 
4 in. long and broad, somewhat tawny-tomentellous; ultimate 
pedicels very short; bracteoles small, ovate ; flowers hemispherical, 
4 to } in. diam. ; calyx deeply 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, shortly tomen- 


iG, XL{. SAPINDACE. | Phialodiscus 


tellous outside, ;4, in. long; petals 4, trigonous-funnel-shaped, 
somewhat hairy on both surfaces, ;4, in. long; stamens 8, exserted, 
unequal, ranging up to ¢ in. ; filaments slender, hairy except the 
apex, inserted within the fleshy annular somewhat hairy disk ; 
ovary rudimentary, hairy, short, obtusely 3-sided. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—Without special locality or date. No. 4517. 

The two following Nos. may be mentioned here, but they 
apparently differ :— 

GoLunco ALTo.—A tree, 12 ft. high; Queta Carengue; leaves 
(only) of a greener colour with more numerous lateral veins and with 
shorter petiolules. No. 6674. 

A leafy tree, apparently young, 12 to 15 ft. high ; branches spread- 
ing ; leaves paripinnate, coriaceous-papery, shining, with purplish 
nerves. In secondary woods near Quibixe ; without fl. May 1856. A 
large-leaved plant, that should be compared with Chytranthus Mannii 
and Deinbollia insignis Hook. f. No. 4518. 


9. DODONZA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 410. 


1. D. viscosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. p. 19 (1760); L. Mant. 
Pl. alt. p. 228 (1771); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 433; 
nec Mart. ; nec Royen ; nec Sieber. 


Huiitita.—A_ small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, much branched, with a 
dilated rather lax crown; young leaves resinous-viscid; flowers 
yellowish-green. Sporadic, in mixed woods, between Lopollo and 
Monino ; in male fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 1691. A tree, 20 to 
25 ft. high. Sporadic, in the mixed woods of Monino ; fr. April 1860. 
No. 1692. 


10. PTAAROXYLON Eckl. & Zeyh.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl. i. p. 411. 


1. P. utile Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. p. 54 (Dec. 1834). 


ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—A bush, 6 to 12 ft. high; trunk straight- 
crown dilated, leafy; branches spreading; leaves membranous ; 
chartaceous, green, pari-pinnate ; leaflets 6 to 8, sub-pendulous ; fruit 
capsular, flattened, obcordate, emarginate, dark-red, coriaceous-woody, 
2-celled ; cells 1-seeded ; seed oblong, produced upwards into an obovate 
membranous rigid wing longer than the rest of the seed. Abundant, 
but seen only in one locality, in rocky hot bushy places from Quicanda 
to Camutamba, at elevation of about 1500 ft. ; ripe fr. 5 Sept. 1857. 
No. 1693. Cox. Carp. 346. 

HvuiLuta.—A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, or a little tree. In the bushy 
rocky parts of Ferrao da Sola, near Lopollo, at 5000 ft. alt.; ripe fr. 
May 1860. No. 1694. 


11. BERSAMA Fresen.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 412. 


1. B, paullinioides Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 435. 

Nataha paullinioides Planch. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 252, t. 29 
(1849). 

GoLuNGo ALTO,—A very elegant copiously leafy tree, 15 to 35 ft. 
high, crowned at the apex; trunk 4 to 6 in. in diam. at the base; 
leaves opposite or alternate, evergreen, 4- to 7-jugate ; common petiole 
much swollen at the base ; rachis gradually winged towards the last 
pair of leaflets ; leaflets thinly coriaceous, glossy, bright green on both 


Bersama | XLI. SAPINDACES. 173 


surfaces, apiculate with a short very acute acumen ; flowers cinereous- 
milk-white or pale-bluish, rather fleshy. Capsules arranged in erect 
racemes, velvety, deep-scarlet, the size of a small walnut, subspherical, 
girt at the base with the pentamerous remains of the calyx and corolla, 
mucronate at the apex with the hardened style, ribbed, 4-furrowed, 
coriaceous-woody, the younger ones deep-violet and as large as a hazel 
nut, 4- or very rarely 5-valved ; seeds scarlet except the orange cup- 
shaped aril at the base. In moist primitive forests among the 
mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ; fl. June 1855 and August 
1856, ripe fr. 8 Oct. 1855; primitive forest of Quisuculo, Sobato de 
Bango ; fl. Sept. 1855. No. 1695. A tree; capsule 4-valved, violet- 
scarlet ; seeds scarlet, arillate. Queta, June 1856. Cou. Carp. 345, 
A small tree, with leaves spread at the apex of the trunk in a palm-like 
manner ; flowers racemose-spicate ; calyx violaceous ; petals yellowish ; 
capsule woody, 4-seeded. Mata de Quisuculo; fl. and fr. 8 Sept. 1855. 
Cou. Carp. 348. A small very elegant palm-like tree ; leaflets glossy, 
usually quite entire, but also on one and the same leaf occasionally 
remotely dentate-serrate. In the primitive forests of Serra de Alto 
Queta ; fl. 25 July 1856 and Quisuculo May 1856. No. 1696. A tree 
of 12 ft; trunk straight, as thick as a man’s fore-arm ; branchlets 
nodose-scarred, erect, with leaves crowded at their apex; leaflets in 
5 or 6 pairs, softly coriaceous, entire or serrate-dentate, bright green 
and rather glossy above, pale-green and glossy beneath; flowers 
yellowish ; calyx-segments 4, 3 equal, the 4th broader and shortly bifid ; 
petals ligulate-spathulate, rather hairy, yellowish-greenish ; stamens 4 ; 
style shorter than the stamens ; stigma ovoid-capitate vertically sub- 
costate, obtuse ; disk semicircular, 3-crenate, deep-red, opposite to the 
three equal calyx-segments. In primitive forests of the mountains of 
Serra de Queta Central, Zengas do Golungo ; fl. Sept. 1855. No. 16960. 
No notes, without either fl. or fr. Determination quite doubtful. 
No. 6695. A tree, 12 to 20 ft. high ; trunk slender ; head palm-like ; 
leaflets (21 in one case) not pellucid-punctate, but the younger ones 
very delicately pellucid-striate ; in the very shady primitive forests at 
the spring of Quibélo near Sange ; without fl. or fr. March and June 
1856. Determination also doubtful. No. 1699. 

2. B. acutidens Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A shrub of 6 ft. or a small very elegant palm-like tree of 8 to 
15 ft., erectly branched, glabrous except the inflorescence ; branch- 
lets terete, shining; leaves alternate, impari-pinnate, 1 to 2 ft. 
long, 2- to 6-jugate near the extremity of the trunk and branches ; 
common peduncle 3 to 4 in. long; rachis often winged; stipules 
ovate, 2 in. long; leaflets elliptical or oblong, somewhat narrowed, 
sometimes acutely acuminate and apiculate at the apex, unequal 
at the base except the cuneate terminal one, acutely or coarsely 
dentate or in the lower part nearly entire, thinly coriaceous, 
rather glossy, 2 to 8 in. long by 1 to 3 in. broad; petiolule short ; 
racemes mostly axillary ; flowers of a pale sulphur colour, clove- 
scented ; gland various in shape, in some flowers almost like the 
residue of a blunt disk; calyx-segments 4, one broader, bidentate 
at the apex. Entire and dentate or serrate leaflets occur on one 
and the same tree. 

GoLtunGo AuLtTo.—In dense primitive forests at the cataract of 
Capopa, in Sobato de Bumba; without fl. or fr. July 1855. No. 4536. 
In dense primitive forests of Serra de Queta Central, flower-bud 


174 XLI. SAPINDACE®. [ Bersama 


10 July 1856 ; mountains of Queta Oriental, without fl. or fr. May 1856. 
No. 1697. 

The following is very doubtfully referred here :— 

GoLtunco ALTO.—A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; leaves piperoid, with 


a long and acute acumen ; seeds black, with a scarlet aril ; Capopa, fr. 
June 1855. Cou. Carp. 347. 


3. B. andongensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A shrub of 5 ft. or perhaps the fresh shoot of a burnt tree, 
glabrous except the young part and inflorescence; branchlets 
leafy towards the apex, fistulose; leaves alternate, exstipulate, 
usually impari-pinnate, 5- to 10-jugate, 12 to 18 in. long ; common 
petiole 14 to 3 in.; rachis slightly winged towards the apex ; 
leaflets ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate and apiculate at 
the apex, obtuse or unequally narrowed (or the terminal one 
wedge-shaped) at the base, nearly entire or along the upper part 
sharply toothed, thinly coriaceous, 23 to 5 in. long by $ to 2 in. 
broad; inflorescence subterminal, spicate-thyrsoid, 3 to 6 in. long, 
more or less tawny-hairy, measuring together with the peduncle 
9 to 12 in. long; pedicels ranging up to j in.; bracteoles linear, 
numerous, about 3 in. long; sepals 4, imbricate, one of them bi- 
dentate at the apex; petals 5, reflexed; stamens 5, two of the 
filaments connate above the base for a short distance, the rest free ; 
fruit 4 in. long. 

Punco ANnpDoNGO.—In secondary thickets, near Luxillo, sporadic ; 
fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1698. 


XLII. ANACARDIACE. 


The Angolan species chiefly consist of several species of Rhus 
and Calesiam and of Spondias and its allies, one of which latter 
furnishes edible fruits resembling the Uva ferral, a black grape, in 
shape and colour, but not very well tasted ; a Spondias which also 
affords edible fruit is very common, both wild and cultivated; the 
Cashew nut and the Mango are generally cultivated, but the 
latter is not much grown in the highlands. 


1. MANGIFERA Burman; Benth, & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 420. 


1. M. indica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 200 (1753); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i, p. 442; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 198, t. iv. 
fig. 10-12 (1883). 

Loanpa.— With fully developed leaves, flowers and fruits, Dec. 1853, 
at S. Antonio do Bengo. No. 4482. At Quifandongo, fl. Sept. 1854. 
No. 4434. Cultivated by the river Bengo, fr. Feb. 1860; the seed (in 
the study set) measures 13 in. in length, § in. in breadth, and 4 in. in 
thickness, Couu. Carp. 357. Loanda; seed, Jan. 1858. No. 44310. 

IcoLo E Benco.—A handsome tree ; head ovoid, very dense ; leaves 
coriaceous, rigid, glossy ; flowers yellowish ; fruit as large as a man’s 
fist, orange-coloured outside as well as the very delicious pulp. Fre- 
quently cultivated by the river Bengo (Zenza), fl. Sept., fr. Dec. and 
June ; the skin of the root, which is very astringent and slightly 
aromatic, is occasionally used in the treatment of diarrhoea and 
dysentery ; at Camutamba, fl. Sept. 1857. No. 4433. 


Mangifera| XLII. ANACARDIACE. 175 


Istanp oF St. THomas.—Not infrequently cultivated ; with ripe 
fr. in Dec. and Jan.; with not quite ripe fr. and fl. Dec. 1860. 
No. 4481. 

The Mango (Mangueira) is generally cultivated in all the provinces 
of Angola, but it is not of much account in the highland region. 
(See Welwitsch, Apontamentos, pp. 564, 565.) 


2. ANACARDIUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 420. 


1. A. occidentale L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 383 (1753); Oliv., Z.c., 
p- 443; Engl., l.c., p. 219. 


AMBRIZ.—Between Ambriz and Mossul, probably spontaneous ; fl. 
end of Nov. 1853, No. 4435. 

Loanpa.—A tree 10 to 20 ft. high, generally branched almost from 
the base ; trunk sometimes very oblique, decumbent ; branches tortu- 
ous ; flowers of a rose-flesh colour, frequently cultivated throughout 
nearly the whole district about country houses (Museque), thriving 
admirably in African soil; fl. Oct., Jan., Dec, 1853. No. 4436. 
Frequently cultivated near Loanda, fl. Nov. to Feb. 1860. Cou. Carp. 
358. 

Pungo Anponco.—A tree of 10 to 20 ft.; fl. beginning of Dec. 
1856. No. 4437. 

The Cajueiro, the Portuguese name of this plant, is frequently 
cultivated in almost all the districts of Angola, and its fine and very 
singular fruits abound at the proper season in the markets of the coast 
from Ambriz to Benguella. The gum, which exudes in great quantity 
from the trunks, and which in India and other countries is utilised 
for varnishes, is not considered as an article of commerce, although 
it can be collected in great abundance in Angola, and is of excellent 
quality. 

The nut (from Loanda), of which the fleshy pedicel (hypocarp) 
properly forms what is called the fruit, contains a very tasty kernel, 
and is for that reason in much demand ; but since the pericarp abounds 
in a very caustic liquid resin, it is necessary to avoid swallowing with 
them any particle of the pericarp; the latter immediately produces 
burning pains in the mouth and cesophagus. (See Welwitsch, Synopse, 
pp: OU, oi nn. 1304 130.) 


3. SPONDIAS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p, 426 (partly). 


1. S. Mombin L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 871 (1753). 
S. lutea L. Sp. Pl. edit. 2, p. 613 (1762); Engl., Zc., p. 244; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 448. 


Loanpa.—Cultivated in the city of Loanda, having been introduced 
from the banks of the rivers Bengo and Dande; fl. Dec. 1857. 
No. 4443. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A tree ranging from 20 to 40 ft. in height, 
taller and less leafy in forests, and shorter but with a dilated finely 
leafy head in open plains ; fruit as large as a very full-sized olive, 
bluntly ellipsoidal, of a shining golden colour, very agreeable with an 
acidulous-sweet taste, less acid than those observed in Sierra Leone ; 
in rather moist wooded stations throughout the whole province of 
Angola ; usually fl. and fr. on the same tree from Sept. to May ; in fl. 
Sept. 1857, Camutamba ; native name “ Muguenga.” No. 4442. 

AmBAcA.—A tree 50 ft. high, with a dilated crown, and laden with 
fl. and nearly ripe fr. at the same time ; near Ngombe middle of Oct. 
1856. No. 4444. 


176 XLII, ANACARDIACES. | Spondias 


GoLunco ALTo.—Trombeta, Feb.1856. Native name “ Muguengue.” 
Endocarp of fruit fibrous outside, 1 in. long, ? in. broad, 2 in. thick, 
with small cells. Coiu. Carp. 360. A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with a 
handsome head ; flowers (hermaphrodite) white ; fruit shaped like a 
cherry, sweet-acidulous, of a bright yellow-orange colour ; spontaneous 
and cultivated. Couu. Carp. 361. 

Punco ANDONGO.—By native villages frequently cultivated near 
Pungo Andongo, and wild in Ambaca. CoLu. Carp. 359. 

See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 13, n. 28, Apontamentos, p. 565. 

The two following Nos., one represented in the British Museum 
set by imperfect foliage and a young.fruit, and the other by leafy 
branches only, may perhaps belong to this species :— 

GoLunco ALTO.—A tree, 80 ft. high ; in the midst of the forest 
near Cungulungulo, Feb. 1855; native name ‘“‘ Muguenga.” No. 4445. 
A young tree (?), 3 ft. high ; Zengas de Queta, May 1856. No. 6678. 

Four out of the five references, which Linnzeus quotes for this, the 
only species, of Spondias in Sp. Pl. edit. 1, belong to the S. lutea of 
the second edition. 


4, SCLEROCARYA Hochst.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 427. 


1. S. caffra Sonder in Linnea xxiii. p. 26 (1850) (Sclerocarpa) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 449; Engl., /.c., p. 257. : 

BumBo.—Gongo ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4441. 

This species is truly said by its author to be nearly related to S. Birrea 
Hochst., with which indeed Welwitsch’s specimens very nearly agree. 
In Bumbo it affords an intoxicating drink. 


5. PSEUDOSPONDIAS Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. 
p-. 258 (1883). 

1. P. microcarpa Engl., /.c., p. 259, t. viii. fig. 1-6. 

Spondias microcarpa A. Rich. in Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. 
Tent. p. 151, t. 40 (1832); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 448. 


GoLunco ALTO.—A vast tree, attaining 120 ft. in height and more, 
producing fruit twice annually, in March and Sept.; fruit like a small 
plum, of a deep-blue colour outside when ripe, greedily eaten by the 
natives; at the banks of the Quiapose, 4 June 1855. Native name 
‘““P4o Musondo.” No. 4453. Abundant both in primitive and second- 
ary woods ; at Sange,in fl. June 1855. No. 4454. A lofty tree, with a 
straight trunk 2 to 23 ft. in diam., 40 to 70 ft. high; head broad ; 
branches spreading, sometimes quite patent ; leaflets hard-coriaceous, 
rather shining, a iittle paler on the lower surface ; flowers white ; calyx 
small, yellowish-white, deeply 4-lobed ; segments obovate-elliptical, 
concave, equal; petals 4, inserted beneath a rather thick orbicular 
obtusely 8-crenate disk, much longer than the calyx-segments, wide at 
the base, sessile, ovate-elliptical, imbricate in estivation, of a pale- 
sulphur colour ; stamens 8, inserted below the disk, shorter than the 
corolla ; filaments a little flattened at the base, filiform, subulate- 
acuminate at the apex ; anthers cordate, introrse, 2-celled, longitudinally 
dehiscing ; styles 3 or 4, short, thick, obtuse, connivent upwards, almost 
agglutinated together, stigmatose at the very obtuse apex ; drupe juicy, 
of a fine blue colour outside, of the shape and size of an olive, without 
either spines or tubercles. Abu.dant in primitive forests throughout 
the district ; Sobato Mussengue, in fl. in the middle of Feb. 1856, 
at Cungulungulo, in fr. at the beginning of Feb. 1855. Native name 
‘““Musondo.” No. 4455. In flower. No. 4456. 


Pseudospondias| XLII. ANACARDIACES. La 


One of the most majestic trees of the interior of Angola. The fruit 
is appreciated by the natives ; it imitates the shape and colour of the 
black grape of Portugal, although it is inferior in taste. On no 
occasion did Welwitsch notice any application of the timber either on 
the part of the natives or on that of the Portuguese colonists. (See 
Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 14, n. 32, and Apontamentos, p. 565.) 

Loranthus angolensis Engl. is parasitical on this tree; Welw. No. 4844. 
Opilia amentacea Roxb. climbs upon Musondo in Pungo Andongo. (See 
Welw. No. 470.) 


6. CALESIAM Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 446 (1763); O. Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 151 (1891) (Calestum). Odina Roxb.; Benth. 
& Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 423. 


1. C. rubra Hiern, sp. n. : 

Shrubby, apparently dwarf; young parts and foliage softly 
tawny-velvety, with stellate tomentum, the older branches obso- » 
letely so; leaves normally impari-pinnate, attaining nearly a foot 
in length, including a petiole of 2 to 3 in. (perhaps not fully 
developed in our specimens) ; leaflets in 4 to 6 pairs besides the 
terminal one, above dark-green when young, afterwards yellowish- 
green, paler beneath, opposite or nearly so, linear-oblong or some- 
what lanceolate, rather obtusely narrowed sub-acuminate at the 
apex, unequal and often decurrent at the sessile base, coriaceous, 
2 to 3 in. long by 3 to § in. wide; lateral veins 6 to 8 on each side 
of the midrib; inflorescence lateral (or axillary), appearing before 
the full development of the young leaves, crowded in racemose 
panicles 1 to 24 in. long, more or less pubescent with stellate 
tawny hairs; flowers polygamous, blood-red, sessile or very shortly 
pedicelled, small, tetramerous; bracteoles small; calyx glabrate ; 
lobes rounded, ciliolate; petals oval or oblong, glabrous, obtuse, 
imbricate in the bud; stamens 8, longer than the calyx and 
shorter than the petals; anthers short; ovary shortly ovoid; 
styles 4, in the hermaphrodite flowers lateral at the top of the 
ovary; drupe red, ovoid, glabrescent, more or less oblique, some- 
what compressed, often crowned with the remains of the 4 styles, 
3 in. long, usually 1-celled ; seed pendulous. 


Hviiia.—In rather dry bushy pastures, between Mumpulla and 
Nene ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4439. In similar stations near Lopollo, but 
not abundant ; fr. Jan. 1860. No. 4440. 


2. C. ambacensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high; rootstock thick hard-woody, sending 
up 1 to 3 erect stems; herbaceous above, young parts and foliage 
softly tawny-velvety with stellate tomentum, the older parts 
obsoletely so; leaves impari-pinnate, attaining 8 in. in length 
including a petiole of 2 in.; leaflets in 2 or 3 pairs besides the 
terminal one, oval or rather obovate, above dark green and 
becoming nearly free from tomentum, pallid-tawny beneath, 
opposite or nearly so, very obtuse retuse or abruptly sub-apiculate 
at apex, unequal at the sessile or subsessile base; lateral veins 
about 8 on each side of the midrib, the terminal one often shortly 


12 


178 XLII. ANACARDIACES. [ Calesiam 


stalked, coriaceous, 2 to 33 in. long by 1} to 2 in. wide; inflores- 
cence usually before the development of the leaves, emerging as if 
immediately from the ground, near or a little above the base 
of the stems, in thyrsoid panicles, 15 to 2 in. long, sparingly 
stellate-hairy or nearly glabrous; pedicels short, ranging up to 
about % in. long ; ; flowers small, blood-red or reddish, hemi- 
spherical, 3 in. in diam., glabrate, tetramerous ; calyx about half 
as long as the corolla, with rather deep ovate obtuse or apiculate 
lobes ; petals imbricate in ae drupes ovoid, slightly com- 
pressed, 2 in. long, 3 in. broad, + in. thick, tipped with the remains 
of the 3 sty les, glabrate, juicy, plood- red, more or less unequal at 
the base, L-celled, l-seeded ; seed pendulous. 

AMBACA.—Not uncommon in bushy plains about Ngombe, especially 
in pastures near the river Panda ; fl. and young fr, middle of Oct. 1856. 
No. 4438. Cou. Carp. 350. 


3. C. antiscorbutica Hiern, sp. n. 

Odina acida Ficalho, Pl. Ut. p. 126 (1884); non A. Rich. 

A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, usually about 20 ft.; trunk erect, 
resinous ; branches glabrous; leaves impari-pinnate, glabrous or 
nearly so, usually about a foot long including a petiole of 2 to 
4 in., occasionally growing longer at the apex; leaflets in 3 or 
2 pairs (or occasionally 4 or 5) with a terminal petiolate one, 
unequally oval or somewhat ovate, shortly acuminate (in the 
adult form) at the apex, unequally rounded or obtuse at the base, 
23 to 5 in. long by 12 to 23 in. wide (occasionally ranging to 7 in. 
long); lateral veins usually 8 to 10 on each side of the midrib; 
sometimes a few stellate hairs appear in the axils of the lateral 
veins beneath ; petiolules ranging up to % in. long (occasionally 
up to } in.) ; inflorescence appearing before or without the leaves, 
in crowded thyrsoid lateral panicles 1 to 2 in. long; branches 
ferruginous with short stellate hairs; flowers sessile or very 
shortly pedicellate, hermaphrodite, yellow-greenish, glabrous 
except the base, § in. long; calyx deeply divided into 4 obtuse 
ovate segments, fleshy at the base, persistent, about one-third as 
long as the corolla; petals 4, lanceolate-lingulate, obtuse, imbricate 
in estivation ; stamens 8, glabrous, anthers shortly oblong; disk 
furrowed ; ovary thick, glabrous, oblong-conical, soon becoming 
ellipsoidal-clavate, with 4 divaricate short cylindrical glabrous 
obtuse styles about the top, which as the drupe ripens form 4 
short horns about the apex of the fruit; fruit irregularly ovoid, 
2 in. long, 2 in. broad. } in. thick (in the dry state); 1-celled, 
l-seeded; seed pendulous, exalbuminous; testa membranous ; 
embryo slightly curved, cotyledons rather flat, a little curved, 
radicle short. 

AMBRIZ.—Bridge of Ambriz; generally used for scurvy ; strikes 
root and starts growing quickly. Native name “ Pao Emceumbi.” 


No. 4450. 

GoLunco Atro.—Abundant by the native villages, also cultivated 
near dwellings ; fl. and young fr., but without foliage, August 1855. 
Native name “Pio Mucumbe.” No. 4447. A tree, “at the skirts of 


Calesiam| XLII, ANACARDIACES. 179 


woods and in bushy situations near streams; fr. and with young 
foliage Dec.1855. Bark officinal. Native name “ Mucumbi.” No. 4448. 
A small tree ; in thickets near Sange ; fr. and foliage, but without fl, 
June 1855. Native name “ Péo Mucumbi.” No. 4449. Near Sensala 
Cangunho, with young foliage, 30 Sept., 1855. Native name “Pdo 
Mucumbi.” No. 4451. 


The next following No, has immature foliage without flowers 
or fruit, and also bears the native name “ Pao Mucumbi”; but it 
differs from the rest by longer (16 in.) 5-6-jugate foliage and 
leaflets ranging up to 7 in, long by 34 in. wide :— 

GoLtuNGo ALTo.—A small tree, 15 ft. high, resembling in habit a 
species of Spondias; wood white, tough, usually employed by the 
negroes for the construction of their dwellings ; plants multiplied with 
the greatest ease ; occurs everywhere by native villages, and in rather 
moist forests ; Sange, July 1855. No. 4452. 

Mucumbi-bark is the product of a tree of moderate height, with the 
habit of an ash-tree, a native of virgin forests in the hilly districts of 
' Angola; this tree is also met with cultivated in the vicinity of the 
villages of the natives, who employ a decoction of its bark as a remedy 
for scorbutic ulcers of the mouth and other troubles caused by scurvy. 
(See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 30, n. 72.) 

A species of Loranthus, Welw. Herb. No. 4846, grows as a parasite 
upon Mucumbi. 


4. ©. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n. 

A tree, 25 to 50 ft. high, with a broad leafy head; trunk 
straight, bare below, glabrous except the very young parts the 
base of the petioles and the dicecious inflorescence; branches 
erect-patent, leafy at the apex; leaves usually trijugate and 
impari-pinnate, occasionally pari-pinnate by abortion or bijugate, 
12 to 20 in. long (including a petiole of 3 to 5 in.) ; leaflets ellip- 
tical, narrowly and mostly abruptly sub-obtusely long-acuminate 
at the apex, more or less narrowed at the base, rigidly mem- 
branous, entire (or somewhat sinuous or undulate), glabrate, 
obscurely herbaceous-green and without gloss above, paler and 
rather glossy beneath, with 7 to 10 slender lateral veins on each 
side of the midrib, the lateral leaflets 3 to 7} in. long by 14 to 
23 in. broad on petiolule of 3 to 3 in. long, the terminal leaflet 
4 to 6? in. long by 1? to 33 in. broad on petiolule of 14 to 22 in. 
long. Male inflorescence more or less scattered with small stellate 
or subsquamous deciduous ferruginous hairs, in the upper axils or 
lateral near the apex of the branches, 8 to 11 in. long, branched 
in a pyramidal manner; peduncles and primary pedicels flat- 
dilated, furrowed, yellowish ; ultimate pedicels thyrsoid, about as 
long as the flowers ; flowers glabrate, yellowish, about ;4, in. long ; 
calyx small, 4-cleft half way down ; lobes ovate, rounded ; petals 4, 
ovate, obtuse, twice as long as the calyx, imbricate in estivation, 
alternate with the calyx-lobes, patently inflexed during full- 
flowering ; stamens 8 (occasionally by abortion 6 or 7), inserted 
with the petals at the outer base of the octagonal disk, opposite 
to the 4 calyx-lobes and to the 4 petals, longer than the petals 
(according to Welwitsch); filaments flattened at the base, and 


180 XLII, ANACARDIACEZ. [ Calesiam 


thence gradually filiform ; anthers cordate-oblong, introrse, 2-celled, 
longitudinally dehiscing ; styles apparently 4, cohering, more or 
less truncate at the apex; stigmas sessile, oblong, slender, 
arranged in a radiating manner. Female inflorescence, like the 
male but smaller, 2 to 4 in. long, and with very short ultimate 
pedicels ; young fruit 3 in. long, } in. broad, somewhat compressed, 
glabrous, not or scarcely marked by any remains of styles at the 
apex, based with the small persistent calyx, 1-celled. 

GoLtunGco AxLtTo.—In the primitive forests of Quibanga and at the 
banks of the river Delaimboa; a tree of 30 to 50 ft. ; male fl. at the 
latter station, 24 Jan. 1856. No. 4543. Rather rare in the primitive 
forests of Mata de Quibanga of Sobato Mussengue ; a tree of 25 to 
30 ft. ; with young fr. Dec. 1855. No. 4542. 

Nearly related to C. Wodier (Calesium Wodier O. Kuntze) ; and 
apparently to C. Stuhlmannii, that is, Odina Stuhlmannii Engl. Pflanz. 
Ost-Afrik. Part C, p. 244 (1895). 


7. SORINDEIA P. Thouars ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 419. 
1. §. acutifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi., Beiblatt No. 26, p. 6 (1890). 


IstanD or St. Tuomas.—A large timber-tree ; local name “ Gogd 
vermelho”’ or “ Gogé,” Leafy branch, without fl. or fr. No. 6753. 

This determination is very doubtful ; it was suggested by the local 
name Gogo, which belongs to the species, according to Henriques in 
Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 110. 


8. SCHINUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 422. 


1. S. molle L.! Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 388 (1753); Engler in DC. 
Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 333 (1883). 

Var. 8. Areira DC. Prodr. ii. p. 74 (1825); Engler, lc. 

S. Areira L.! Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 389 (1753). 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLANDS.—A bush, 15 ft. high ; cultivated in damp 


valleys of the island of Sant Iago; Jan. 1861. A leaf only in the 
British Museum set. No. 4446. 


9. HEERIA Meisn. Plant. Vascul. Gen. i. p. 75 (1837), i. 
pp. 55, 349; non Schlecht. (1839). Anaphrenium KE. Mey. ex 
Endl. Gen. Plant. p. 1134 sub n. 5924, ex Arnott in Hook. 
Journ. Bot. iii. p. 148 (Dec. 1840) (Anafreniuwm); Engler in DC. 
Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 355 (1883). Rhus Benth. & Hook. f. 
Gen. Pl. i. p. 418, pro parte. 


1. H. insignis O. Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. i. p. 152 (1891); 
Engler. Pflanz. Ost-Afrik., Part C, p. 245 (1895). 

Anaphrenium abyssinicum Hochst. in Plant. Abyss. exsice. 11. 
n. 706 (U. ¢. 1842) and in Flora, 1844, p. 32; Engler in DC. 
Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 357, tab. xiii. fig. 15-18 (1883), partly. 
Ozoroa insignis Delile in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. II., xx. p. 91, t. 1, 
f. 3 (August 1843). Rhus insignis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 437. 

Var. latifolia Engler, Pflanz. Ost-Afrik., Part C, p. 245 (1895). 

Punco ANnponGo.—A tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, or occasionally attaining 


20 ft. ; trunk straight, 6 to 12 in. in diam, at the base, as well as the 
branches abounding with a brilliant whitish resin ; branches spreading, 


Heeria| XLII. ANACARDIACE®. 181 


somewhat tortuous ; flowering branchiets purplish, angular (in trans- 
verse section), clothed with a very thin tomentum ; leaves opposite 
ternate or sub-opposite, coriaceous, lanceolate-elliptical, deep-green 
above, very thinly silvery-puberulous beneath, penninerved, evergreen ; 
flowers white ; calyx pentaphyllous, greenish-pubescent ; corolla of 5 
erect whitish petals double as long as the calyx, valvate-imbricate in 
eestivation, inserted under the disk, alternating with the calyx-seg- 
ments ; stamens 5, inserted with the petals, with filiform filaments and 
small white ovate anthers ; disk cup-shaped, 5-angled, thin, with a red 
margin ; ovary widely obovoid, compressed, 1-celled ; style scarcely 
any ; stigma fleshy, very shortly 3-radiate, with patent rays compressed- 
capitulate at the apex and then stigmatose ; ovule 1 ; fruit compressed, 
broader than high, sub-bilobed, 1-seeded ; seed ascending. This tree 
furnishes very fine charcoal. Abundant in woods about the fortress of 
Pungo Andongo, in secondary thickets occurring as a shrub of 5 to 7 ft. 
in height ; fl. end of March 1859. No. 4405. In bushy situations 
between the fortress of Pungo Andongo and Catete ; fr. Nov. 1856. 
The tree iscalled ‘‘Quitundo.” No. 4406. Cazella ; seeds Nov. 1856. 
CoLu. Carp. 354. Catete ; seeds 1 June 1857. Cox. Carp. 355. 

Huiiia.—A little bushy tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, with rambling and 
spreading branches. In descending from the highlands of Serra da 
Xella to the plateau of Mumpulla, this is the first tree that strikes the 
traveller as totally different from those of the highland region. In 
leaf without fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4407. A little shrub, or rather an 
undershrub ; stems erect, 1 to 23 ft. high, springing from a thick many- 
headed rootstock, leafy from the base up to the apex ; leaves rather 
thick, subcoriaceous, rather rigid, quite entire, glossy-green above, ashy 
with a very delicate tomentum beneath, obovate-oblong or elliptical ; 
margin cartilaginous ; lateral veins parallel, pinnately arranged, alter- 
nate. Flowers rather fleshy, crowded in pedunculate axillary or 
terminal panicles, hermaphrodite ; calyx pentaphyllous, imbricate in 
eestivation, with ovate-acuminate segments ; petals 5, alternating with 
the calyx-segments, ovate-acuminate, bent inwards at the apex in the 
bud, tomentellous outside ; stamens 5, alternating with the petals and 
inserted with them, scarcely exceeding the pistil; filaments from a 
rather broad base gradually subulate, straight; anthers hastate- 
cordate, introrse, 2-celled, attached a little below the sinus ; disk 
hemispherical ; ovary spherical-ovoid, fleshy, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, 
inserted by the filiform funicle adnate to the side of the ovary, appar- 
ently ascending ; style thick deeply trifid (or rather styles 3, combined 
at the base), divisions stigmatose at the oblique apex. On exposed 
rocks near Mumpulla, not yet in fully-open fl., and in the bushy 
rocky woods at the top of Serra da Xella not yet in fl. Oct. 1859. 
No. 4408. A shrub (perhaps the young shoot of a burnt tree) ; root- 
stock large, woody, many-headed ; stems numerous, erect, 2 to 4 ft. 
high, flowering at the apex ; flowers white, pentamerous, only male 
ones seen, nor the rudiment of any ovary, unless very rarely ; disk 
very prominent. In shrubby stations, at the skirts of the forest, near 
Catumba, rather rare ; in early fl. Dec. 1859. No. 4409. 

The Quitundo is a tree of small height but with a very handsome and 
elegant head, presenting its foliage as if silvered in dense satiny rolls. 
It is met with in the district of Pungo Andongo and at the top of 
the Serra da Xella in the district of Huilla; and the natives assert 
that the charcoal furnished by its wood is the most approved in the 
manufacture of small ornaments of copper and of iron with which they 
are accustomed to attire themselves. (See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 16, 
n. 4().) 


182 XLII.. ANACARDIACE, | Rhus 


10. RHUS Tournef.; L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 418, 
partly. 

1, R, tenuinervis Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 423 
(1883). 

Toxicodendron tenuinerve O, Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 154 (1891). 


BENGUELLA.—In maritime gravelly stations between the city of 
Benguella and the river Catumbella ; fl.and fr. June 1859. No. 4418. 


2. R. villosus L. f. Suppl. Pl. p. 183 (1781) (villoswm) ; Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 439 (villosa); Engler in DC. Monogr. 
Phanerog. iv. p. 424 (villosa). 

Toxicodendron villosum O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 154 (1891). 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—A bush, 8 to 12 ft. high, but in secondary thickets 
only a shrub of 4 ft.; flowers white ; drupes reddish. In forests at 
Cambondo ; fl. and young fr, June 1855. No. 4412. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A_ bush, 8 to 12 ft. high, with quite patent 
branches and yellowish flowers. At the banks of the river Cuanza; 
fl. March 1857. No. 4415. 


Var. obtusatus Engler, /.c., p. 425 (obtusata). 
Bumso.—In thickets at the base of Serra da Xella ; with yellow fl. 
Oct. 1859. No. 4419. 


3. R. Welwitschii Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 428 
(1883). 

Toxicodendron Welwitschii O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p.154(1891). 

HuriiaA.—A_ shrub, with very thick many-headed rootstock, and 
numerous erect-spreading virgate stems, 2 to 4 ft. high. In bushy 
hilly stations near Lopollo, with foliage but without fl. Feb. 1860. 
No. 4425. <A shrub with a broad hard-woody rootstock, numerous 
virgate sparingly branched stems, and yellowish flowers, At the skirts 
of bushy woods in Monino, Lopollo, abundant ; fl. commencement of 
May 1860. No. 4426. Between Mumpulla and Humpata; fl. Oct. 
1859. No. 4427. In the thickets of Mumpulla, with red-scarlet fr. 
Oct. 1859. No. 4428. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with trifoliolate 
leaves, yellowish flowers spicate in a pyramidal manner, and vermilion 
drupaceous fruit. Inthe thickets of Lopollo, May 1860. Cou. Carp. 
366. 

4, R. amplus Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 429 
(1883) (ampla). 

Toxicodendron amplum O. Kuntze Revis. Gen. PI. i. p. 153 (1891). 

PunGo ANDONGO.—A shrub, 5 ft. high, with erect stems branched 
towards the apex in a scoparioid manner, coriaceous glossy foliage, and 
yellowish flowers. In open wooded stations between Mangue and 
Candumba ; fl. Jan. and March 1857. No. 4416. 


5. R.longipes Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p.431 (1883). 

Toxicodendron longipes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 154 (1891). 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—A bush, 8 to 15 ft. high ; in open woody stations, 
Queta Cazengue ; fr. end of Sept. 1856. No. 4413. 

6. R. nitidus Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 434 


(1883) (nitida). 
Toxicodendron nitidum O. Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. i. p.154 (1891). 


Rhus| XLII, ANACARDIACES. 183 


Punco ANDONGO.—A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, with the habit of a 
Rhus, much branched from the base; branches elongate-virgate, 
densely leafy ; leaves subcoriaceous, rather rigid, deep-green, rather 
glossy, trifoliolate ; flowers greenish-yellow ; fruit drupaceous. In 
thin forests composed of “‘ Panda” (Berlinia paniculata Benth., etc.), 
between Mutollo and Candumba; fl. and young fr. March 1857. 
No. 4417. 


7. R. angolensis Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 448 
(1883). 
Toxicodendron angolense O. Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. i. p. 153 (1891), 


Huviiia.—A little shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high ; stems crowded, cespitose, 
erect or ascending; leaves trifoliolate, with narrowly lanceolate 
leaflets ; flowers greenish, apparently dicecious; calyx 5-partite ; 
petals 5; stamens 5, alternating with the petals; anthers 2-celled, 
bright-yellow ; disk large, covering the bottom of the calyx, toothed 
at the margin, apiculate in the centre ; rudiment of the style scarcely 
any. In rather dry wooded stations, at Catumba, Lopollo, where, in 
March 1860, was the camp of the Monanos ; fl. 11 April 1860. No. 4429. 


The following No., with rather oblanceolate leaflets and small 
drupaceous fruit about $ in. long (in the dry shrivelled state), 
apparently belongs to this species :— 

Huiivia.—-At Catumba, at the border of the forest ; fr. May 1860. 
No. 4430. 


8. R. mucronatus Thunb. in Hoffm. Phytogr. Blatter, i. p. 27 
(1803) (mucronatwm) ; Sonder in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. p. 513 
(1860), Engler in DC. Monogr. in Phanerog. iv. p. 432 (1883) 
(mucronata) ; vel affinis. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A shrub, 13 ft. high, with coriaceous leaflets, and 
ereenish-white flowers (not fully developed) ; perhaps a young shoot 
from the stock of a tree or bush. In bushy situations, near Condo ; a 
unique specimen, in young fl. March 1857. No. 4414. 

It differs from the type by less cuneiform and rather longer leaflets ; 
perhaps it is but a glabrous and larger-leaved variety of R. pyroides 
Burch. 


9. R. pyroYdes Burch. Trav. Int. South. Afr. i. p. 340 (1822) ; 
Sonder in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. p. 511 (1860); Engler in DC. 
Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 430 (1883); vel affinis. 

Huiitita.—At Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. No. 4420. 

BENGUELLA.—A shrub, 5 to 5 ft. high, much branched ; with itri- 
foliolate softly coriaceous leaves, and pale greenish-yellow flowers. In 
bushy sandy situations, near the city of Benguella; fl. and young fr. 
end of June 1859. No. 4422. 

According to Welwitsch’s note he found the same species (as that of 
No. 4422) also near Mossamedes in the month of July ; perhaps he 
alluded to No. 4423, herein mentioned under R. glutinosus. 

Welwitsch’s specimens differ from Burchell’s type in the branchlets 
being never spinous and the leaves not quite glabrous. 


10, R. glutinosus Hochst.! in Herb. Schimp. St. Abyss. i. 
n. 851 (U. 7%. 1842), A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 144 (1847) 
(glutinoswm); Oliv. Fl, Trop. Afr. i. p. 438, Engler in DC. Monogr, 
Phanerog, iv. p. 431 (1883) (glutinosa) ; vel aftinis. 


184 XLII. ANACARDIACES. [ Rhus 


Huiitita.—An undershrub, 3 ft. high; at Catumba; fl. and fr. 
Dec. 1859. No. 4421. 

MossaAMEDES.—A bush, 5 to 8 ft. high ; the numerous branches and 
the branchlets erect-patent; leaves trifoliolate. In sandy-rocky 
stations at the banks of the river Bero, with foliage, but without 
either fl. or fr. July 1859. No. 4423. 

Welwitsch’s specimens differ from the type of the species by rather 
narrower leaflets with the midrib beneath somewhat pubescent. 


11. R. Anchiete Ficalho & Hiern ms. in Herb. Olyssip. 

A small shrub, 23 to 4 in, high, with numerous stems ; branch- 
lets rather slender, subterete, purplish in the dry state, minutely 
lenticellate, leafy, with short internodes, glabrescent, towards the 
apex sparingly puberulous ; leaves glabrous or glabrescent, 13 to 
54 in. long (including the glabrescent or hispidulous not winged 
petiole of 3 to 14 in.), trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate or somewhat 
elliptic-oblong, thinly coriaceous, entire, dark-green and glabrous 
above, paler green and glabrous except the midrib (which is 
occasionally somewhat hairy towards the base) beneath, rather 
glossy, obtuse or rounded and usually apiculate at the apex, the 
lateral ones 2 to 3? in. long by % to 13 in. broad and obliquely 
narrowed at the sessile base, the intermediate one 23 to 4 in. long 
by 2? to 2 in. broad and more or less wedge-shaped at the subsessile 
or very shortly petiolulate base ; lateral veins about 14 to 20 on 
each side of the midrib, rather slender; panicles pyramidal, 
hispidulous-pubescent, terminal and in the upper axils repeatedly 
branched, the terminal ones exceeding the young leaves, the 
axillary ones shorter than the leaves from the axils of which they 
spring ; bracteoles lanceolate or subulate, pubescent; flowers 
numerous, sessile subsessile or shortly pedicellate, hemispherical, 
about 515 In. in diam., greenish ; calyx-segments ovate, somewhat 
pilose ; petals oval, glabrous, twice as long as the calyx-segments ; 
stamens glabrous, with short anthers; fruit subglobose or some- 
what compressed, glabrous, glossy, smooth, #1, to § in. in diam. ; 
mesocarp rather thick, apparently not vittate. 

Huituia.—In the wooded parts of Monino, among tall bushes ; fl. and 
fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 4424. 

This species was also collected at Caconda, February 1878, both 
in flower and fruit, by Sign. Anchieta, n. 149; it is nearly related to 
R. longipes Engl. 


12. R. virgatus Hiern, sp. n. 

Shrubby, with elongate virgate leafy closely pubescent and 
hirsute branches, 5 ft. long or more; leaves pubescent especially 
on the principal veins and revolute entire margins, trifoliolate ; 
petiole mostly very short, but ranging up to Zz in. in length ; 
leaflets coriaceous, elliptical or somewhat obovate, shortly apiculate 
at the subacute or obtuse apex, more or less narrowed at the base, 
dark green above, somewhat tawny-green beneath, the lateral 
ones 1 to 14 in. long by 2 to 3 in. broad and sessile, the inter- 
mediate one 12 to 1? in. long by 4 to ? in. broad and sessile or 
subsessile ; lateral veins numerous, not conspicuous ; inflorescence 


Rhus| XLIL, ANACARDIACE 185 


axillary and terminal, about ? to | in. long (in fruit), pubescent ; 
bracteole small, subulate, pubescent ; pedicels very short ; fruit 
depresso-globose, shining, smooth, glabrous, tipped by the remains 
of the 3 styles and based by the small pubescent calyx, j in. in diam. 
Gotunco ALTo.—In fruit. No. 4410. 
Punco ANDONGO.—In fruit and flower-bud, November. No. 4411. 
Nearly related, by its very short petioles and habit of growth, to 
R. angolensis Engl. 


13. R. heptaphyllus Hiern, sp. n. 

A resinous-aromatic, copiously leafy tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, 
much branched and forming a widely dilated head, glabrous or 
nearly so throughout except the puberulous young parts and 
inflorescence ; branches terete; branchlets slightly and obtusely 
angular, somewhat arching ; leaves impari-pinnate or oval-obovate, 
3- or 2-jugate, 3 to 6 in. long; internodes short ; common petiole 
% to 1 in. long, not or scarcely winged; leaflets oblanceolate- 
obovate, rounded emarginate or scarcely mucronate at the apex, 
wedge-shaped at the base, narrowly revolute along the margin, 
entire, rigidly chartaceous, dark green above, pale and rather 
ruddy-green with impressed but not conspicuous venation (except 
the midrib) beneath, sessile ; the terminal leaflet 13 to 3 in. long 
by 4 to 1 in. broad, oblanceolate-obovate ; the lateral leaflets 1 to 
24 in. long by 3 to # in. broad, oval-obovate ; the axis of the leaf 
between the insertions of the leaflets narrowly winged, the wings 
narrowing downwards and becoming obsolete in the lower parts 
of these intervals ; inflorescence consisting of pyramidal panicles 
inserted in the upper axils about 2 to 22 in. long, and forming 
compound leafy quasi-terminal panicles about 5 in. long ; ultimate 
pedicels very short, puberulous ; bracteoles small, ovate, acute. 
Male flowers small, about {4 in. long, white or turning yellowish, 
fragrant, subglabrous, abundantly visited by coleopterous insects 
of the genera Lycus and Cetonia; calyx deeply and equally 5-lobed, 
lobes ovate ; petals 5, ovate-lanceolate, alternating with and twice 
as long as the calyx-lobes, imbricate in estivation, scarcely 
squamulate at the base, inserted without a claw below the 
depressed-cup-shaped deeply 10-crenate waxy-yellow disk ; stamens 
8 to 10, with unequal flattened linear-lanceolate acuminate naked 
filaments, inserted with the petals; ovary abortive, small and 
globose or wanting; style 1, obscurely 3-lobed at the apex. 
Female flowers and fruit not seen. 

Loanpa.—In dry sandy maritime situations, rather rare ; fl. April 
and May 1854. Possibly an introduced tree. At Ponta d’Isabella, 
near the city of Loanda, with male fl. 13 May 1858. No. 4531. 


XLUI. CONNARACE/. 


The Connaracee, consisting for the greater part of shrubs or 
woody climbers of the genera Rowrea and Cnestis, form a great 
feature in the primitive forests of the hilly and highland regions, 
by reason of their remarkable fruits, nearly always covered with 


186 XLIII. CONNARACES. 


a scarlet velvet. There are two or three species which have a 
habit very similar to that of the genus Averrhoa of Oxalidee. 
The scarlet velvet which clothes the fruits of some species excites 
in the skin the same strong itching as nettles cause; this stinging 
is due to the presence of bristles similar to those which occur in 
Mucuna and in some species of Euphorbiacez. (See Welwitsch, 
Apontamentos, p. 565, n. 156.) 

The fruits of Sabongo supply an aromatic drug, which the 
natives of Hungo, a country on the confines of the district of 
Golungo Alto, bring to the markets at Loanda; they are in 
much request by the negro population, who prepare from them 
various stomachic remedies ; the fruits seem to be always threaded 
in the form of a rosary, and each rosary is sold at the price of 
from 50 to 150 milreis, according to their greater or less abund- 
ance in the market. The fruits appeared to Welwitsch to belong 
to a tree of the family of Connaracez, but he had no opportunity 
of ascertaining their origin ; the people of Hungo, however, assured 
him that they were furnished by a large and very leafy tree. 
(See Welwitsch, Synopse Explic. p. 29, n. 65.) They probably 
belong to Xylopicrum ethiopicum in Anonacez, and are repre- 
sented in the collection by Coll. Carp. 186. 


1. ROUREA Aubl.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 432. 
Byrsocarpus Schum. & Thonn. ; Benth. & Hook. f., Le., p. 431. 


1. R.coccinea Hook. f. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger F'. p. 290(1849). 

Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum. & Thonn. Guin. Plant. p. 226 
(1827); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 452. B. puniceus 
Schum. & Thonn., l.c., p. 227. B. parvifoliws Planch. in Linnea 
xxii. p. 412 (1850). 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A shrub or bush, 4 to 6 ft. high, standing erect or 
climbing, branched from the base, the stems spreading rod-like branches 
and branchlets slender and beset with crowded purple-brown lenti- 
cels, flowering in October without leaves and again in March with 
leaves, very elegant especially in the fruiting state. Leaves very 
sensitive, deciduous, impari-pinnate ; leaflets alternate, small, elliptical, 
herbaceous-subpapery, reticulate, shortly petiolulate. Flowers small, 
agreeably scented, arranged in axillary solitary or grouped racemes, 
pedunculate ; pedicels jointed, elongated, bearing one bract. Calyx- 
segments 5, imbricate in estivation, subovate-orbicular, concave, 
ciliolate at the margin, furnished at the apex with a hairy mane, 
scarcely patent, herbaceous-green. Petals 5, sessile, milk-white, twice 
longer than the calyx, inserted below the torus, convolute in estivation 
(sinistrorsely as seen from within). Stamens 10, coalescent at the base 
into a short disk-shaped cup, the alternate ones, namely those opposite 
the petals, much longer than the others; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing 
longitudinally. Styles 5, quite free from the base upwards, elongated, 
thickened and densely bearded at the base, erect, tipped by the capitate 
not bifid stigmas. Fruit oblong, } in. long, cylindrical, scarlet, shining, 
pendulous, tardily dehiscing, resembling in shape and colour the berries 
of Capsicum Comarim. Seed solitary. Not uncommon by the elevated 
thickets about Camilungo, Bumba, Sange, etc.; fl. Sept., Oct., Dec., 
March, and sometimes in May; fr. Dec. and May. No. 4622. A 


Rourea | XLIII, CONNARACES. 187 


scandent or standing erect sarmentose shrub; branches and older 
branchlets dark-brown and very densely beset with very small whitish 
excrescences. Calyx segments imbricate in estivation, concave, 
uniformly reddish, glabrous, the upper edge ciliolate. Stamens 10 ; 
carpels 5, nearly separate, villous, 4 of them regularly abortive ; styles 
5, distinct. Fruit short, scarlet, pendulous, ellipsoidal-cylindrical, 
1-seeded, for a time indehiscent. No. 4623. A very slender shrub, 
occasionally scandent; leaves deciduous; flowers whitish-reddish, 
sometimes almost rose-coloured ; fruit very bright scarlet, pendulous, 
Abundant by the denser thickets; fl. Dec. 1854. No. 4624. In fr. 
May, at the same places as the flowering specimens of the last No. 
No. 4625. In the above-quoted Nos. the foliage differs considerably 
in the size of the leaflets, perhaps partly due to age. A sarmentose- 
subscandent shrub, with white flowers and scarlet baccate fruit similar 
to that of Berberis vulgaris L.; Sange, Jan. 1856. Cou. Carp. 365. 


2. R. cassioides Hiern, sp. n. 
A slender climbing shrub, with the habit of a Cassia or of Mil- 
lettia gracilis Welw. Herb. Nos. 1854, 1855; branches glabrescent, 
terete, leafy, covered with a dark bark; lenticels not so abundant 
as in L. coccinea Hook. f.; leaves impari-pinnate, about 9-jugate, 
4 to 7 in. long; petiole ? to 13 in. long, puberulous; lateral petio- 
lules very short, beset with short dark spreading hairs, opposite or 
slightly alternate, the pairs } to 3 in. apart, the terminal petiolule 
3 to 3 in. long, hairy; leaflets oval-obiong or the terminal one 
obovate, somewhat retuse at the apex, the lateral ones obtuse and 
unequal at the base, chartaceous, deep green and glabrate above, 
paler and not quite glabrous beneath, shortly ciliolate on the 
margin, 4 to 13 in. long by 3 to ? in. broad; lateral veins about 4 
on each side of midrib, not conspicuous; fruit baccate-drupaceous, 
not inflated, brilliantly scarlet, cylindrical, soft when ripe, glabrate, 
not pendulous, ? in. long, on a bracteolate peduncle of 3 to #? in., 
lateral on the branchlets ; fruiting calyx 3 in. diam. ; segments 5, 
ovate, imbricate at the base, % in. long, ciliolate at the apex, 
applied to the base of the fruit. Seed solitary, exalbuminous. 
GoLuNGO ALTOo.—In less dense forests between Muria and Trombeta, 
but very rarely met with ; fr. Sept. 1854. In the dense forests of the 
mountains of Queta, but rather rare; fr. Dec. 1855. No. 4627. 


3. R. (Byrsocarpus) fasciculata Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xiv. 
p- 329 (1891). 

Var. flagelliflora (Welw.). 

Inflorescence forming terminal slender whip-like spikes 18 to 
24 in. long, leafless or at the lower nodes bracteate. 

CazENGO.—A slender shrub, climbing high and widely ; stem about 
an inch in diam. and spinous in the lower part; flowers of a whitish- 
rosy colour ; fruit scarlet ; seed black-shining. In the primitive forests 
of Muxatila, but sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4628. 


4, R, venulosa Hiern, sp. n. 

A robust climbing shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, glabrate except the 
young parts and inflorescence ; branchlets pendulous, covered with 
a dark bark scattered with pallid lenticels, terete ; leaves impari- 
pinnate, 4- or 3-jugate, 44 to 9 in. long; petiole 4 to 23 in. long, 


188 XLIII, CONNARACES. [ Rowrea 


rather slender; leaflets elliptical or oblong, rather obovate, 
acuminate at the apex, rounded or somewhat narrowed towards 
the base, thinly coriaceous, deep-green and rather glossy above, 
paler beneath, with about 5 principal lateral veins on each side of 
the midrib which are erect-patent and prominent below and less 
so above, marked with numerous transverse veinlets, 13 to 33 in. 
long by 4 to 1? in. wide, nearly opposite or rather alternate ; 
petiolules =, to + in. long, the terminal one longer ; inflorescence 
lateral or axillary, in clustered thyrsoid branched racemes, 2? to 
14 in. long, tawny-pubescent, becoming less hairy as the flowers 
develope; pedicels short, bracteolate; flowers about 7 in. long, 
numerous; calyx hemispherical, j4, in. long, deeply 5-lobed, 
segments ovate-deltoid, puberulous, ciliolate, imbricate, not or 
scarcely accrescent; petals of a whitish-rose colour, oblong, free, 
about three times as long as the calyx; stamens 10, glabrous, 
5 alternately longer and about equalling the calyx; filaments 
dilated and adjacent at the base; carpels 5, hairy below; styles 5, 
nearly equalling the petals, terminating in the small bifid stigmas, 
glabrous ; follicle solitary, sessile on the spreading calyx, glabrate, 
gibbous at the base, a little curved, nearly | in. long, green, red 
towards the apex, smooth, fleshy-coriaceous, dehiscent ; arillode 
scarlet, covering nearly the whole of the seed and very fleshy ; 
seed solitary, erect, exalbuminous: 

Punco AnDOoNGO.—In damp very shady places, in the deep valleys 
amongst the gigantic rocks of Cabondo ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1856 ; 
sporadic. No. 4630. In wooded situations about Pedra Cabondo ; 
abundant ; fl. April, fr. Jan. 1857. No. 4631. 


5. R. pallens Hiern, sp. n. 

A climbing shrub, glabrous in most parts; branchlets terete, 
closely lenticellate, rather slender, leafy towards the apex ; leaves 
impari-pinnate or trifoliolate, 2- or 1-jugate, pallid, 4 to 8 in. 
long ; petiole 14 to 22 in. long, terete, slender except the tumid 
wrinkled base; lateral petiolules ;4, to 3 in. long, opposite or 
somewhat alternate, the terminal petiolule to 1 in. long; leaflets 
5 or 3, ellipsoidal, much acuminate at the apex, the lateral ones 
somewhat unequal at the base, all chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, 
inconspicuously veined, 2 to 43 in. long by # to 1? in. wide; the 
terminal leaflet rather the largest; infructescence lateral or 
axillary, short, glabrate, 1} to 13 in. long; fruit oblong, slightly 
curved, 2 in. long, scarlet, coriaceous, based by the persistent 
hemispherical 5-partite calyx } in. in diam., the segments of which 
are still slightly imbricate at the base ; seed black. 

CaZENGO.—In the primitive forests of Cabondo, but rather rare ; 
fr. June 1855. No. 4629. 


2. AGELZA Soland.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 482. 
1. A.nitida Solander ex Planchon in Linnea xxiii. p. 437 (1850). 
Cnestis obliqua Pal de Beauv. Fl. Owar. i. p. 97, t. 59 (1804). 
A. obliqua Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 454. 


Agelea| XLIII. CONNARACE, 189 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A high-climbing shrub ; stem 1} to 3 in. in diam. 
at the base ; flowers whitish, inclining to violet ; fruit pear-shaped, 
reddish. In dense forests, on the northern side of the mountains of 
Queta ; fl. April, fr. May 1855. No. 4641. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Leaves (in the study set) ranging up to 7 in. 
long by 5 in. broad, leaflets to 32 by 24, and petiole to 2}; fruiting 
raceme axillary, 33 in. long, bearing 8 fruits ; in one instance two 
carpels perfected and belonging to the same flower. No. 4640. 


3. CONNARUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 432. 


1. C. florulentus Thonning ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 86 (1825). 

C. floribundus Schum. & Thonn. Guin. Plant. p. 299 (1827) ; 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 457; non Planch. in Linnea 
xxill. p. 435 (1850); nec Wall. Omphalobium Thonningii DC., 
lc. O. Smeathmannt DC., lc. C. Smeathmanni Baker, l.c., p. 458. 
C. Griffonianus Baill. in Adans. vu. p. 235 (1867). 

Punco ANDONGO.—A very beautiful robust shrub, widely scandent ; 
flowers when fully expanded yellow ; in dense primitive forests, near 
Quiembongo and in Mata de Cabondo within the lines of fortification 
of Pungo Andongo, rather rare ; fr. Dec. 1856 at Songue ; in flower- 
bud Jan. 1857 ; fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 1857 ; fr. May 1857. A 
low bush, with sarmentose branches, rare ; fl. not yet expanded March 
1857. No. 614. Anevergreen climbing shrub ; leaves hard-coriaceous, 
discoloured beneath ; petals 5, waxy-yellow ; stamens 10, the 5 longer 
ones exserted and fertile, the 5 shorter ones included and sterile ; 
style included, incurved, with a green capitate stigma ; by the thickets 
of the rocks of the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; sparingly in fl. 14 Nov. 
1856. No. 4638. 

Welwitsch’s specimens are intermediate in character between the two 
species quoted above from the Flora of Tropical Africa, and warrant 
their union into one species. 


2. C. (?) punctulatus Hiern, sp. n. 

A climbing shrub; leaf (only one seen) pinnate, 14 ft. long, 
bearing 4 leaflets, but perhaps not having developed all its leaflets ; 
petiole 93 in. long; leaflets ovate, obtusely narrowed at both ends, 
thinly coriaceous, glossy, glabrous, delicately veined and reticulate, 
pellucid-punctate, entire, about 4 in. long by 2 in. wide; petiolule 
+ in. long, glabrous; inflorescence paniculate, puberulous, many- 
flowered ; ultimate pedicels very short ; flower-buds ovoid, purple- 
scarlet (afterwards destroyed by insects, and so not seen in open 
flower), g in. long; calyx puberulous, deeply 5-partite ; segments 
imbricate, oblong-ovate ; petals 5, glabrous; stamens 10, glabrous, 
with filaments alternately longer and shorter and dilated towards 
the base and there united, in one row and with short anthers; 
carpels 5, ovaries hairy tapering into the hairy styles and tipped 
with glabrous stigmas. 


GoLuNnGco ALTO.—Queta, in flower-bud May 1856. No. 6685. 


4, MANOTES Soland. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 433. 


1. M. Griffoniana Baill. in Adansonia vii. p. 244 (1867); Baker 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 460. 


GoLuNGo ALTOo.—A tree, 12 to 13 ft. high; branches spreading ; 


190 XLII. CONNARACES, | Manotes 


leaflets coriaceous, glossy ; flowers (for the most part only in bud) 
deeply cinnamon-ferruginous ; styles apparently 5. In the denser 
primitive forests of Mata de Quisuculo in Sobato de Bango ; fl. Sept. 
1855. No. 4639. 


2. M. (?) macrophylla Hiern, sp. n. 

A high-climbing shrub, glabrous except the youngest parts 
and the inflorescence; branchlets terete, slender, wiry, somewhat 
flexuous, sparingly lenticellate ; leaves impari-pinnate, 10 to 16 in. 
long, 3- or 4-jugate; petiole 2 to 43 in. long ; petiolules all short, 
1 to 3 in. long; leaflets opposite or nearly so, oval or oblong or 
often somewhat obovate and shortly acuminate, 24 to 5 in. long 
by 1 to 23 in, wide, chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, glossy, 
delicately veined; the lateral ones unequal and obtuse or rounded 
at the base ; inflorescence clothed with closely-set short hairs, con- 
sisting of pyramidal panicles, 9 in. long or more; ultimate pedicels 
very short; bracteoles subulate, deciduous, those next the calyx 
shorter than it; flower-buds ovoid, + in. long, clothed with very 
short hairs; calyx 5-partite, valvate, with ovate-lanceolate seg- 
ments; petals 5, glabrous; stamens 10, glabrous, alternately 
longer and shorter; anthers short; pistil hairy. Neither ex- 
panded flowers nor fruits appear on the specimens. 


Gotunco ALto.—tIn the forests of Mussengue, near Undelle ; 
flower-bud May 1856. No. 613. 


5. CNESTIS Juss. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. i. p. 433. 


1. C. corniculata Lam. Encyel. Méth. in. p. 23 (1789); Baker 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 461; non Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. 
p. 290 (1849). 

Spondioides pruriens Smeathm. ex Lam., Lc. 


GoLtunco Auro.—A climbing shrub, frequenting the tallest trees ; 
flowers racemose, pendulous, inclining from white to reddish ; fruit 
follicular, purple-velvety outside. In palm-groves and in dense woods, 
near Fonte de Capopa and Ponte do Felix Simoes ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. 
No. 4633. A lovely slender high-climbing shrub, afterwards hanging 
down ; leaflets coriaceous, glossy ; flowers whitish or somewhat flesh- 
coloured ; fruit follicular, legume-shaped, scarlet-velvety outside, very 
beautiful but covered with rather rigid and highly prurient bristles ; 
seeds oblong, purple-black, shining, with a large orange-coloured 
arillode. In palm-grovesand shady woods near N-delle ; fl. March 1856, 
fr. Jan. 1855 ; also at N-delle in May 1855. No. 4634. A tall-climbing 
shrub ; fruit bi-corniculate, the horns pod-shaped, of a brilliant scarlet 
colour, beset with rather rigid stinging bristles ; near Sange, excursion 
to Capopa, 8 Oct. 1854. Con. Carp. 362. 


2, C. ferruginea DC. Prodr. ii. p. 87 (1825); Baker in Oliy, 
Fl, Trop. Afr. 1. p. 461. 

Spondioides ferruginea Smeathm. ex DC., lc. 

GoLtuNco A.Lro,—An evergreen shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high; flowers 
apparently polygamous; calyx 5-partite, almost pentaphyllous, with 
ferruginous segments valvate in estivation ; petals 5, ovate, concave, 
white ; stamens 10; carpels 5 (or 3 to 4 by abortion), pilose. Road to 


Cnestis | XLIII. CONNARACEZ. tot 


Mussengue, in woods; fl. May 1855. No. 4637. In the forests of 
Sobato Mussengue ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 4636. 

The next following No., in dehisced fruit, which has larger 
foliage with leaflets ranging up to 4 in. long by 1} in. broad, 
perhaps belongs to this species :— 

SIERRA LEONE.—No. 4685. 


Also the following fruits and seeds from the Carpological 
Collection :— 

GoLuneo ALtTo.—A climbing shrub ; fruit fleshy-coriaceous bril- 
liantly scarlet-velvety outside ; seed black, shining, with a_bright- 
orange cup-shaped arillode; Sange, Dec. 1855. Cori. Carp. 364. 
An evergreen shrub, standing erect ; leaves pinnate ; flowers yellowish ; 
fruit follicular, pod-shaped, coriaceous, scarlet-velvety, monospermous ; 
seed cylindrical-obovoid, shining, black, with an orange-coloured 
arillode. Mata Quisuculo; Bango, Sept. 1855. Cou. Carp, 363. 


XLIV. LEGUMINOS &. 


The sub-order Papilionacez is represented in the Angolan flora 
by a great abundance both of species and individuals; in the 
littoral region the genera Crotalaria, Indigofera, and Cracca pre- 
dominate in the meadows and sandy fields, on the hills and at the 
margins of streams and stagnant waters ; various species of Sesban, 
Lschynomene and Meibomia inhabit moist soils; the beautiful 
Herminiera EHlaphroxylon and Drepanocarpus lunatus, as well as 
climbing species of Vigna, ornament the banks of the rivers Bengo, 
Dande, and Lifune; and gradually, as the country successively 
rises towards the interior, the species are increased in number, 
becoming more shrubby and also arborescent, so that in the moun- 
tainous region various handsome trees of this sub-order comprise 
a considerable proportion of the primitive forests, in which the 
genera Millettia, Pterocarpus, etc., are conspicuous. The arbores- 
cent Hrythrina suberifera covers the rocky fields, and a multitude 
of woody climbers, such as Physostigma cylindrosperma, of bright 
colours and very various habit, adorn the banks of rivulets, en- 
twining themselves in coils on gigantic trees up to the top and 
thence hanging down in garlands of flowers. This abundant display 
of what is beautiful and interesting in the vegetable kingdom 
is continued and even augmented in the highland region, where 
these trees and climbers appear in luxuriant grandeur. 

Not less varied is the use which the natives make chiefly of the 
roots, bark and wood, as for instance with respect to Molungo 
(Lrythrina suberifera), Tacula (Pterocarpus erinaceus), Mutala- 
menha (Lonchocarpus sericeus), and Pao quisecua (Millettia rho- 
dantha). 

Among the plants cultivated on a greater or smaller scale, 
the following principally deserve mention, arranged according to 
their importance :— 

1. The common kidney-bean (Feijio), Phaseolus vulgaris L., is 
cultivated throughout the province ; there are more than twenty- 


192 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 


five varieties, differing in shape, colour and size of the seeds; a 
white variety, of an elliptical form and thin skin, is considered 
the best tasted. 

2, The small kidney-bean (Feijao espadinho), Phaseolus lunatus 
L., is less commonly cultivated. 

3. The ground-nut (Jinguba), Arachis hypogea L., is cultivated 
on a large scale, especially in the district of Ambaca, both for the 
consumption of its seeds and for the extraction of oil; there are 
two varieties. 

4, The catyang (Feijio macundi), Vigna catjang Walp., is 
cultivated in abundance especially in moist soils; there are several 
varieties. 

5. Dolichos Lablab L.; there are several varieties. 

6. Cajan indorum Medik. (Jinsonge or Quinsonge) is generally 
cultivated, but not on so large a scale as it deserves. 

7. The earth-pea (Viélo or Jinguba de Cambambe), Voandzea 
subterranea P. Thouars, is cultivated chiefly in the districts of 
Pungo Andongo, Cambambe, and Ambaca, and ought to be so 
more generally. 

8. The chick-pea (Grio de bico), Cicer arietinum L., is culti- 
vated in the district of Mossamedes. 

9. The common pea (Ervilha), Pisum sativum L.; both ordinary 
and the Ervilha torta. 

10. The common bean (Favas), Victa Faba L., is cultivated only 
by a few horticulturists, and rarely comes to perfection. 

11. Cracca Vogelit O. Kuntze (Cafoto), an elegant bush or small 
tree, is indigenous ; it is also cultivated for catching fish, since its 
leaves and branches when well pounded and thrown into the 
rivers poison the fish and enable them to be caught with the 
greatest ease. 

12. Hriosema Muxiria Welw. (Muxiri) is a small tree indige- 
nous on the banks of the Cuanza, and is at times cultivated for 
the sake of its root, which, like the seeds of the grass Hleusene 
coracana Pers., serves the natives for the brewing of a kind of 
beer called ‘ Oala.” 

13. Dolichos Dongaluta Welw. (Dongaluta); the thick fleshy- 
fibrous rhizome is reduced to powder and used as a remedy in 
cases of gangrenous quinsy. 

14. Canavali incurva P. Thouars (Faba da India), with rose- 
coloured or scarlet flowers, is cultivated and occasionally sub- 
spontaneous. 

15. The Anil, Indigofera Anil L., is cultivated in small 
quantities in the vicinity of the dwellings of the natives. — 

The sub-order Czesalpiniee is rare in the littoral region, and 
is chiefly represented by some species of the genera Cassia and 
Bauhinia; Parkinsonia aculeata L., and also Cesalpinia Bondu- 
cella Roxb., known as common trees or shrubs on the African 
coast to the north of the equator, become very rare in Angola, or 
are perhaps entirely wanting; at all events, Welwitsch looked for 
them in vain. In the mountainous region, on the other hand, 


XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 193 


numerous very interesting species suddenly appear, both shrubby 
and arborescent as well as climbers ; the elegant Cassia mimosoides 
L., with several other species not less handsome, and an arborescent 
one of the same genus, clothe the primitive forests; the critical 
genera Mezoneurum, Berlinia, Baphia, and Vouapa, contain 
various species, several of which were not previously known ; also 
a new Jntsia, with its head shaped like a parasol, in company 
with two arborescent species of Bawhinia, and usually mixed with 
various trees of other orders. In the highland region all this is 
changed, as here occur masses of arborescent Czesalpiniez, consti- 
tuting at least in certain stations almost exclusively the forests 
on the elevated table-land of Pungo Andongo, known locally by 
the name of Matas de Panda, the physiognomy and phytographical 
character of which are totally different from those of the primitive 
forests of Golungo Alto and the other districts belonging to the 
mountainous region. The timber in the greater proportion of the 
trees of this sub-order furnish excellent material for the various 
domestic purposes; and that of M-Pundo, Jntsia cuanzensis 
O. Kuntze, is much valued by the natives for making articles for 
presents, as, for example, the drum of Marimbas, the principal 
musical instruments in use among the natives. Among the 
medicinal plants mention should be made of the Mulélo, Bauhinia 
reticulata DC., the bark of which is used in decoction to cleanse 
impure ulcers, and of the Mudianhoca, Cassia occidentalis L., an 
herbaceous plant whose root is very bitter and used with good 
results in cases of intermittent fevers. The tamarind, Zamarindus 
indica L., is frequently cultivated in the coast region; but 
although it is found growing wild by the banks of streams in various 
places, it was certainly introduced from the East Indies; it not 
very often occurs in the mountainous region, and it is still rarer 
in the highlands. The fruit and pulp of the tamarind in the 
chemists’ shops in Loanda come from Brazil. Ccsalpinia pulcher- 
rima Sw. is generally cultivated and thrives well in all the regions, 
growing at times—as, for instance, in Pungo Andongo—into small 
trees with bushy heads covered with innumerable very beautiful 
flowers of the brightest scarlet; a decoction of the root is 
administered by the negro doctors in cases of intermittent fever, 
and an infusion of the leaves, they affirm, acts like leaves of senna. 
Cassia Sieberiana DC., an arborescent plant, whose pods measure 
14 to 24 inches and much resemble those of C. Fistula L., occurs, 
though rarely, in the forests of the fortress of Pungo Andongo, and 
becomes more frequent in Songo and the eastern Congo, where the 
natives call it “ Mossambe” and the fruit ‘“‘ Mésua.” Among the 
species whose introduction into Angola ought to be attempted, 
especially in the district of Loanda, Welwitsch specified the 
following :—The Algaroba bean (Ceratonia Siliqua L.), the Judas 
tree (Cercis Siliquastrum L.), and the Honey-locust tree or thorn 
of Virginia (Gleditsia triacanthos L.); all these trees possess a 
beautiful habit, and are content with a dry or rocky light soil. 
The sub-order Mimosez occurs with more or less abundance in 


15 


194 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 


all the regions, but is least frequent in the littoral region, 
increasing gradually towards the interior of the country, and is 
represented in the mountainous region by a large number of 
arborescent specimens which contribute a conspicuous feature to 
its vegetation. In the coast region the shrubby Mimosa pigra L. 
abounds in moist soils, and in dry places dense low forests are 
sometimes composed almost exclusively of the very elegant Dichro- 
stachys nutans Benth., while the more elevated hills are in many 
places covered with thin woods of spiny Acacias called Espinheiros 
(thorns) ; in the lower parts of the mountainous regions a second 
species of the genus, D. platycarpa Welw., occurs. Gigalobium 
scandens, which has pods 3 or 4 feet long, and a woody climber 
with pentagonal stem (Acacia pennata Willd., var. dolichosperma 
Oliv.), occur as gigantic climbers in Golungo Alto and Cazengo. 
In the highland region the sub-order is also abundant, but it 
diminishes, little by little, from Pedras de Guinga in Pungo 
Andongo eastwards, especially in number of individuals. The 
greater part exude in quantity gums of various quality, and the 
bark of several, especially of the tree called ‘“‘ Muzemba” (A lbizzia 
coriarta Welw.), furnishes excellent material for tanning leather ; 
the trees which furnish gum arabie are most frequent south of 
the river Cuanza; the timber is only valuable when well advanced 
in age. Only one species is cultivated by the natives, and that 
rarely ; it is the thorn Acacia farnesiana Willd., which is also 
cultivated in Portugal for the sake of the very agreeable fragrance 
of its flowers; the negroes, however, grow it for its pods, which 
constitute the chief ingredient in the preparation of a black dye 
with which they stain the cloths called ‘‘ Mabella” or ‘“‘ Mabéla” 
made from palm-leaves. In the forests of Pungo Andongo Parkia 
filicoidea Welw. occurs, but the seeds could not be obtained 
because the monkeys, so numerous in the country, devour all the 
pods while they are yet green. Parkia africana Br., a handsome 
tree, which is indigenous in the country north of the equator from 
Senegambia to the Gaboon, well deserves to be introduced into 
Angola for the sake of the edible seeds which it produces. (See 
Welwitsch, Apontamentos, pp. 572 to 576, nn. 174 to 176.) 


1. SuB-ORDER PAPILIONACEA. 


1. LOTONONIS DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 476. 
1. L. tenuis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 5 (1871). 


MossaMEDES.—A prostrate-ascending annual herb with rather small 
yellowish flowers. Rather rare, in gravelly places by the river Bero ; 
very sparingly fl. and fr. middle of July 1859. No. 1900. 


2. L. elandestina Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 607 
(1843); Baker, l.c., p. 6. 

MossaMEDES.—A slender brittle silky-villous annual herb ; stem and 
branches prostrate; petiole flattened-dilated ; standard and wings 
rather deep-yellow ; keel pale-yellow, much prolonged, twice as long as 
the wings. Rather rare, in sandy maritime and sub-maritime places 


Lotononis | XLIV, LEGUMINOS#. 195 


about Saco de Girail and at the mouth of the river Giraiil ; fl. and fr. 
19 July, 1859. No. 1908. 


3. L. angolensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 6. 


Punco ANbDoNGo.—In shortly bushy damp spots near Quitage, 
sparingly ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1895. 

Huiitia.—A glabrous trifoliolate perennial herb, habit remarkably 
like that of an Astragalus ; stems prostrate ; stipules 2, lanceolate- 
linear ; flowers pale-yellow ; standard oblong, acuminate, shorter than 
the keel ; the longer anthers basifixed, placed on the shorter filaments ; 
style a little curved, glabrous ; stigma oblique ; pods at maturity almost 
compressed, turgid a little before dehiscence ; funicle of the seeds very 
long, filiform. In sparingly bushy damp pastures between Lopollo 
and Ferrao da Sola, on the right bank of the river of Lopollo, not 
common ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 1896. 


2. ROTHIA Pers.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 477. 


1. R. hirsuta Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 7. 

Aerocarpus hirsutus Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. p. 170, 
t. 44 (1832). Westonia hirsuta O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 
p- 213 (1891). 


Hvi1LtLaA.—An annual prostrate scentless herb, with the aspect of a 
Trigonella; branches alternate ; leaves trifoliolate, rather pilose ; 
flowers small, whitish-violet, collected in abbreviated leaf-opposed 
racemes ; pods lanceolate-acuminate, rather compressed sub-torulose, 
deflexed, 3 in. long, with many reniform seeds. In damp meadows at 
the river of Lopollo; fl. and fr. 27 March, 1860. No. 1904. Corolla 
from whitish to violet, at length yellowish; sparingly in the shortly 
grassy pastures of Empalanca, at an elevation of 5500 ft., flooded in the 
rainy season ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 1905. 


3. CROTALARIA Dillen., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 479. 


1, C. glauca Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 974 (1800); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. it. pz 12. 


GoLunGco ALTO.—<An annual herb, 2 to 34 ft, high, erect or ascend- 
ing at the base; leaves glaucescent, erect, appressed to the stem; 
standard pale-yellow marked with orange strie ; wings yellow; keel 
greenish-yellow ; pod 1 in. long, nodding, cylindric-turgid. Not 
common, on grassy slopes among the mountains of Alto Queta, in 
company with Gladiolus angolensis Welw. Herb. No. 1527; fl. and 
young fr. 19 March, 1856, ripe fr. March 1856. No. 1949. 

Pungo ANpbonGco.—In sandy thickets between Quibinda and 
Quitage ; a unique specimen fl. March 1857, probably belonging to this 
species. No. 1947. An annual glaucescent herb, with the habit of a 
Lathyrus and with yellow flowers ; in meadows along the banks of the 
river Luxillo, rare ; fl. and fr. April 1857 ; a form with the lower leaves 
oval. No. 4158. 


Var.? anisophylla (Welw. ms.). 


An annual herb, erect, a foot high, ascending-branched at the 
base, puberulous; leaves simple, articulated with the petiole, 
glabrate above, puberulous beneath, apiculate; the lower ones 
lanceolate or narrowly oval, 1 to 4 by 3 to 3 in.; the upper ones 
elongate-linear, canaliculate, long-acuminate, erect, 3 to 6 by 


196 - XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Crotalaria 


4 to 3 in.; calyx puberulous, shortly campanulate ; teeth of the 
limb long, lanceolate, 5, subequal; standard purplish ; keel and 
wings yellow; ovary stipitate, oblong, rather compressed, with 
several ovules ; style bearded above within ; pods sub-cylindrical, 
inflated, stipitate. straight, 1 by 2 in.; seeds numerous, reniform. 


Huriia.—In marshy places along the banks of streams near Lopollo 
(Varzea de Catumba), scarce ; fl. and fr. March 1860. No. 1950. 

This may prove to be a distinct species as suspected by Welwitsch, 
though not so regarded by Baker, /.c. ; it differs by its foliage and by 
not being glabrous. 


2. C. spartea “ R. Br.” [Planch.] ex Baker, J.c., p. 12. 


HvILia.—F lowers yellow ; standard tawny. In the wooded sandy 
meadows of Monino, damp at the time of gathering, in company with 
species of Gladiolus, Polygala, and a shrubby Protea, abundant ; fl. 
and young fr. March and April 1860. No. 1948. 


3. ©. stenoptera Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 12. 


HviLuA.—Branches erect-spreading, from the base of the stem, 
narrowly winged; flowers yellow, marked with violet. In damp 
wooded meadows between Catumba and Hay; fl. and fr. April 1860. 
No. 1946. 


4. C. holoptera Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 13. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Branches virgate-elongated, erect, from the base 
of the stem, broadly winged along their whole length ; leaves sessile, 
elliptic-lanceolate, rigid ; flowers yellowish ; pods oblong, turgid, very 
blunt. In sandy thickets near Quitage, sparingly; fl. and fr. March, 
1857. No. 1945. 


5. C. retusa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 715 (1753); J. A. Schmidt, 
Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 319 (1852); Baker, é.c., p. 13. 


CAPE DE VERDE IsLaAnps.—In thin thickets near Villa da Praia, in 
the island of St. Jago ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1939. 


6. C. Welwitschii Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 13. 


PunGco ANDONGO.—In rather sandy damp pastures between Quibinda 
and Quitage ; fl, without fr. March 1857. No. 1938. 


7. C. verrucosa L. Sp. Pl., edit. 1, p. 715 (1753); Baker, l.c., p. 14. 


SrerRRA LEONE.—An undershrub, 2 to 23 ft. high ; stems erect or 
ascending, branched ; flowers of a pretty violet-rose colour ; sparingly 
in hilly-bushy grassy places near Freetown; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. 
No. 1940. 


8. C. polygaloides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 15. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—An annual, ashy-green herb, with the habit of a 
Polygala ; flowers yellowish, very fugacious ; calyx deeply 5-cleft, the 
two upper lobes larger than the others. On sparingly grassy declivi- 
ties, among the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, fl. and fr. April and 
May 1856. No. 1922. Flowers yellow. Sparingly, in similar situa- 
tions ; mountains of Quilombo-Quiacatubia ; fl. and fr. April 1856. 
No. 1922b. Herbaceous, a foot high, rigid ; leaves trifoliolate ; flowers 
saffron-yellow. In hot situations among crops of Jlanihot utilissima, 
near Canguerasange ; fr. 3 Oct., 1854. CoLu. Carp. 461. <A glauces- 
cent annual herb ; first stem erect ; branches ascending ; flowers small, 


Crotalaria] XLIV. LEGUMINOSS. 197 


yellow. Habit of Polygala. Queta Oriental; fr. May 1856. CoLt. 
Carp. 464. 


These specimens from the carpological collection are rather doubtful. 


9. C. eylindrostachys Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 15. 


HviLia.—Flowers yellow. In wooded meadows between Eme and 
Ivantala ; fl. and fr. March and April 1860. No. 1941. 


10. C. ealyeina Schrank Pl. Rar. Monac. fase. ii. n. 12 (1817); 
Baker, l.c., p. 15. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—An annual herb, 1 to 13 ft. high, simple or 
branched ; stem slender, erect, hirsute ; leaves simple, linear-lanceo- 
late, hirsute, subcanaliculate, obtusely keeled with a thick midrib, 
pellucid-punctate throughout, glaucescent beneath ; flowers solitary in 
the axils of the uppermost leaves; calyx deeply bilabiate, concealing 
the corolla, strigose-pilose outside with long dense hairs ; standard and 
wings straw-yellow; keel whitish-green, fimbriate on the margin. 
Stamens 10, monadelphous; the 5 alternate ones fertile, shorter than 
the rest, with erect basifixed anthers having cells a little diverging at 
the base ; the 5 sterile anthers versatile ; style naked ; pod shorter than 
the enveloping somewhat accrescent calyx, obovoid-trigonous, very 
blunt, a little inflated, canaliculate on the vexillary suture ; seeds 
numerous, reniform. Rare, in bushy {pasture within the fortress of 
Pungo Andongo ; fl. and fr. middle of Jan. and May 1857. No. 1937. 


11. C. anthyllopsis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 15. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—In stony pastures, Serra de Pedras de Guinga, 
at an elevation of 4000 ft. ; fl. without fr. March 1857. No. 1948. 

Huitta.—An annual herb; stem patently branched; flowers 
whitish-yellow, marked with purple-brown veins. In sandy pastures 
flooded in the rainy season, Morro de Monino, apparently rare; fl. 
April 1860. No. 1942. 


12. C. pisicarpa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 16. 


Hviiia.—An annual much-branched prostrate herb ; stems several, 
1 to 2 ft. long ; leaflets 3, broadly obovate or almost orbicular ; flowers 
yellow ; pods globose, as big as a pea; seeds usually 3, reniform. In 
damp meadows at the banks of the river of Lopollo, on ant-hills and in 
company with species of Indigofera ; also in a roadway near Ferrao da 
Sola; fl. and fr. Marchand April 1860. No. 1926. 


13. €. polyclados Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 17. 


Hvuitta.—An annual herb; central stem erect or abortive, the 
lateral stems prostrate; leaves trifoliolate; standard bright blue, 
orange-coloured at the base, very broad, scarcely emarginate ; wings 
green-bluish at the apex, orange-coloured on one margin ; keel pale- 
yellow-green; pods turgid; seeds numerous, reniform, rather com- 
pressed. Abundant, in elevated stony pastures in the territory of 
Humpata, in places flooded in the rainy season ; at an elevation of 
5500 ft. ; fl. and fr. 21 March 1860. No. 1951. 


14. C. spinosa Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. i. n. 150, iii, n. 
1540, and in Flora xxiv. I. Intell. p. 32 (1841); Benth. in Hook. 
Lond. Journ. ii. p. 576 (1845); Baker, /.c., p. 17. 


Gotunco ALro.—An erect spinous annual herb, but somewhat 
shrubby ; with the habit of an Ononis; branches twisted, ascending ; 


198 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [Crotalaria 


branchlets spinous ; flowers yellow. On the dry slopes of the moun- 
tains of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. and fr. July 1855. On the more 
elevated slopes of the last ridge of Queta on the right-hand side of the 
Ambaca road, above Camilungo ; fl. and fr. beginning of June 1856. 
No. 1906. An undershrub, like Ononis, with yellow flowers and 
inflated ellipsoidal pods borne on spinoustwigs; Sange; fr. May 1855. 
CoLu. CARP. 369. 

Hviiia.—Stems whitish, erect or ascending. In the drier thickets 
near Lopollo, at the right bank of the river, in company with a dwarf 
species of Myrtaceze (cf. Herb. No. 4392); fl. and fr. March and 
beginning of April 1860. No. 1908. 


15. C. cistoides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl]. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 18. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Leaflets ranging up to 1 in. long by + in. broad. 
In the wooded pastures, burnt in winter-time, of Serra de Pedras de 
Guinga ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1928. 

Huriia.—A suffruticose herb, with the habit of a Cistus; stems 
erect, branched in a broom-like manner ; leaflets 3, sublinear, somewhat 
hoary (ranging up to 2 by 4 in.) ; flowers yellow, nearly enclosed in the 
calyx ; keel rather obtusely beaked, greenish-yellow ; standard longi- 
tudinally marked with dark purple lines, orbicular, with a subtomentose 
callus inside at the broad claw; ovary stipitate, 3-2-ovuled ; pod 
globose-turgid, usually 2-seeded ; in sandy thickets near the river 
Monino, in rather dry places in company with species of Protea ; fi. 
and fr. 16 Feb. 1860 ; flowers whitish turning to yellow; Empalanca, 
April 1860. No. 1923. 


16. C. caudata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 18. 


Punco ANDOoNGO.—An undershrub, 2 to 23 ft. high, with the stem 
caudate at the apex ; sporadic, in sandy thickets near Sansamanda ; fl. 
and fr, April 1857. No. 1933. A virgate erect undershrub, 2 ft. high, 
with yellow flowers; in gravelly situations in Serra de Pedras de 
Guinga ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 1944. 


17. C. variegata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 19. 


Hvuitita.—Root perennial; stems several, spreading all round, 
prostrate ; flowers variegated ; keel and wings yellow ; standard deep- 
violet. In bushy pastures, flooded in the rainy season, only between 
Lopollo and JAu ; fl. and fr. end of March 1860. No. 1968. 


18. C. ervoides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 19. 


Hvuitia.—Stems several from a woody rootstock, slender, decum- 
bent, quite glabrous as well as the whole plant ; leaflets rigid ; flowers 
pale-yellow with a tinge of violet. In marshy meadows, dried up at 
the time of gathering, between Ferrdo da Sola and Ju, in the territory 
of Lopollo, in company with species of Trifolium and Indigofera ; with 
few fl. and with fr, April 1860. No. 1984. Fr. No. 4154. 


19. C. abscondita Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 19. 


PuneGo ANDonGo.—In stony places near the fortress, rather rare ; 
fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1927). Cou. Carp. 536. 

Hvuiitta.—An undershrub, 12 to 20 in. high, with the habit of a 
Genista ; flowers small, yellow, almost entirely concealed by the calyx 
and terminal leaves. In. the drier rocky sparingly bushy hilly places 
from Lopollo in the direction of Jau, and at Monino; fl. and fr. end 
of Jan., March and April 1860. No. 1927. 


Crotalaria | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 199 


20. C. densicephala Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 21. 


PuncGo ANDONGO.—On the grassy slopes of the great rocks of Pedras 
de Guinga, sparingly ; fl. March 1857. No. 1919. 


21. C. dumetorum Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 22. 


Puneco ANDONGO.—In the thickets of Mutollo; fl. and fr. April 
1857. No. 1920. 

HuviLia.—F lowers yellow. In the more elevated wooded meadows 
of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Feb. and March 1860. No. 1921. 

This scarcely differs from C. densicephala, which Welwitsch regarded 
as the same species. 


22. C. ononoides Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 572 
(1843); Baker, J.c., p. 22. 

GoLtunGco ALTO.—A herb 2 to 3 ft. high, quasi-scandent among 
reeds. In rather dry bushy places in Mata de Mangue, near Sange; fl. 
June (and a narrow-leaved formin May) 1856. No.1930. Anascend- 
ing herb, 24 to 4 ft. high, with patent branches and yellow capitate 
flowers. At the skirts of thickets in higher mountains of Quilombo 
and above N-dele; fl. March 1855. No. 19300. In exposed hilly 
situations near Menha-Lula ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 1931. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An annual herb, branched in an ascending 
manner from the base, with yellow flowers of the habit of an Anthyllis. 
In stony meadows, within the fortress near Calunga ; fl. April 1857. 


No. 1932. 


23. C. cephalotes Steud. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. ii. n. 695 
(U. 2. 1842); A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 156 (1847); Baker, lc., p. 23. 


Punco ANDONGO.—An annual herb, branched from the base ; stem 
erect ; branches ascending ; flowers yellowish, small ; pods sub-globose. 
Sparingly, in damp sandy exposed wooded places, between Caghui and 
Sansamanda, on the way to and at the banks of the river Cuanza; 
fl. Feb., fr. April and May 1857. No. 1935. 

HvILita.—F lowers yellowish, concealed. In the elevated shortly 
grassy pastures of Empalanca, flooded in summer, not common; in 
flower-bud end of March and in April 1860. No. 1936. 


24, C. nutans Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 24. 


HuiLtia.—A herb, 13 to 2 ft. high; stem dichotomously branched ; 
leaves trifoliolate ; flowers yellow ; pods nodding. On the drier slopes 
between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola at an elevation of 5500 ft., 
sparingly ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 1907. 


25. C. filicaulis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p, 24. 


Hur1tita.—Flowers yellowish ; calyx similar in structure to that of 
C. tenuirama. In poor pastures near Catumba, where the Monanos, 
7.e. natives from the Nano country, construct their camp ; fl. and fr. 
beginning of April 1860. No. 1982. 


26. C. tenuirama Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 24. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Frequent, in coarse sand in the old beds of 
streams, at an elevation of 3800 to 4000 ft., Serra de Pedras de Guinga ; 
fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1980. 

Hvuitia.—Flowers yellow. In the rocky pastures of Serra de 
Oiahoia ; in the territory of Humpata ; fl. April 1860. No. 1981. 


200 XLIV. LEGUMINOSS. [Crotalaria 


27, C. parvula Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 25. 


HviLita.—F lowers greenish-yellow, rather inconspicuous. In ex- 
posed grassy places around the great lake of Ivantdla and near Ferrio 
da Sola ; fl. and fr. Feb. to May 1860. No. 1971. 


28. C. erythrophleba Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 25. 


HviLia.—A pretty annual, nearly 2 ft. high, with branches virgate 
and as well as the leaves silvery-silky ; wings of the corolla deep- 
yellow ; standard and keel marked with parallel purple lines, In the 
more open sandy forests, near Mumpulla, in company with Alvesia 
rosmarinifolia Welw. Herb. No 1636 and with species of Protea; a 
single specimen; fl. June 1860. No. 1983. 


29. C. prolongata Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 25. 


PunGo ANDONGO.—Sporadic, in grassy places on the banks of the 
Cuanza near the Calemba islands, along the margins of forests between 
Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1955. 


30. ©. argyreea Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 26. 


MossaMEDES.—A herb apparently with rather fleshy root which at 
length turns woody, perennial or at least persisting for several years, 
glaucescent ; stems ascending, snow-white, finely velvety; leaves 
glaucescent ; flowers deep-yellow; pods puberulous. Sporadic, at 
the sandy banks of the Rio de Sal along the Serra de Montes Negros ; 
(also a single specimen near Sacco de Giraiil, in July 1859) ; fl. and fr. 
13 August 1859. No. 1972. 


31. C. ivantulensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 26. 


HuILtaA.—An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stems numerous, branched 
at the apex, copiously blooming. Abundant, in tall-grassy meadows 
around the great lake of Ivantala; fl. and fr. Feb. and March 1860. 
No. 1975. 


32. C. ramosissima Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 26. 


HuviLtia.—Flowers yellow. In wooded meadows near Catumba in 
the territory of Lopollo ; fl. and fr. March 1860. No. 1973. 


33. C. amoena Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 26. 


HviLia.—Flowers yellow. In the thickets of the drier pastures 
between Ferrao da Solaand Jau ; seen by Welwitsch in no other place ; 
fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 1924. 


34, C. cordata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 27. 


Hv1iia.—A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, straight or obliquely ascending ; 
stipules large, cordate at the apex ; flowers deep-yellow. In grassy 
woods near the lake Ivantala, two specimens ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 
1860. No. 1917. Stem and spreading branches subscandent when old ; 
flowers yellow. Sparingly, in grassy places near the stream of Morro 
de Lopollo, in company with Osmunda regalis L. (Herb. No. 165) ; fl. 
and fr. April 1860. No. 1918. 


35. C. versicolor Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 28. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—An annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched from 
the base ; branches elongated, prostrate-ascending ; leaves trifoliolate ; 
leaflets green, rather thick-fleshy ; calyx herbaceous-green ; standard 
copper-red outside, violet-blue nearly marine-blue inside ; wings pale- 
blue ; keel yellowish-green at the base and middle, marked with violet- 


Crotalaria | XLIV. LEGUMINOSS. 201 


purple dots at the apex; pod oblique, 1} by 2 in. In secondary 
thickets, in open places, at the right bank of the river Cuanza, near 
Mapopo ; fl. and fr. 21 Jan. 1857. No. 1979. 


36. C. goreénsis Guill. et Perrott. Fl. Seneg. Tent. p. 165 (1832) ; 
Baker, /.c., p. 28. 


GoLtuNnGo ALtTo.—A herb, 2 to 4 ft. high or even higher, usually 
woody at the base and almost an undershrub ; stem branched towards 
the apex; flowers yellow, densely spicate ; pods erect ; not uncommon 
in the lower thickets along the rivulets of the Cuango and Quibdlo ; fl. 
and ripe fr. March 1856. No. 1962. On the most elevated slopes of 
Quilombo-Quiacatubia, together with Cyperacee ; fl. andfr. June 1856. 
A prostrate form. No. 1964. A herb sometimes erect sometimes 
prostrate-ascending ; leaves subglaucous ; flowers yellow; a winter 
form ; on sparingly grassy slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto 
Queta, at the left bank of the river Cuango, sporadic ; fl. and fr. May 
and June 1855. Also between Trombeta and Cabondo; fi. and fr. 
Sept. 1854. No. 1963 (part). An annual leafy herb, 1 to 23 ft. high ; 
leaves trifoliolate ; flowers small spicate. Arimo do Isidro ; ripe fr. 
July 1855. Cou. Carp. 463. 

AmBaca.—In bushy shortly grassy situations, from Engombe towards 
Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. Oct. 1856; no specimen separated for the 
British Museum. No. 1963 (part). 

Pungo ANnponGco.—In hilly sparingly grassy stony places near 
Sansamanda ; fl, April 1857. No. 1963 (part). 

Welwitsch’s specimens include both the typical form and the 
B. angustifolia of Baker, l.c., p. 29. 


37. C. elata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 29. 
C. arborescens Welw. Apont. p. 590, n. 93; non Lam. 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—An evergreen shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high, with numer- 
ous stems, and with the habit of a Spartium; branches patent ; flowers 
large ; calyx 5-cleft ; one lobe appressed to the lower part of the keel ; 
the other lobes approximated in pairs, cohering at the apex in flower, 
afterwards in fruit free ; standard and wings at first of a deep sulphur 
colour, quickly turning orange-saffron ; keel bent upwards at a right 
angle, persistently sulphur-coloured; pod turgid, oblong-cylindrical, 
many-seeded, covered with a peculiar densely-hispid tomentum ; seeds 
more or less reniform, rather compressed, orange-saffron. Frequent 
in thickets and tall-grassy places, but nowhere abundant ; about Sange 
between Capopa and Undale, and in palm groves near the river 
Cuango ; fl. and fr. from Oct. 1854 to July 1855 and in 1856. No.1911. 
CoLu. CarP. 133, 368 (without specimen), 385. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—Sparingly, in rocky places, near Mutollo; fl. 
April 1857. No. 19110. 

HviILia.—An undershrub, woody at the base, 2 to3 ft. high or more, 
with large yellow flowers ; in thickets alongside the streams of Monino, 
in company with species of Sesban (cf. Herb. No. 1995), etc, ; fl. end 
of March 1860. No. 1912. A shrub 4 to 5 ft. high ; pods inflated, 
oblong- and ellipsoidal-ovoid, white-shaggy. Morro de Lopollo, at 
the cataracts ; fr. April 1860. Doubtfully placed under this species. 
Cou. Carp. 371. 


38. C. orthoclada Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 29; non Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. p. 124 (1883). 


HvILia.—Flowers yellow. Very abundant at the grassy margins 


202 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [ Crotalaria 


of the forests between Catumba and Hay, at an elevation of 5500 ft. : 
fl. and fr. end of March 1860. No. 1976. 


39. C. florida Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 30. 


Hvitua.—F lowers yellow. Abundant in wooded stony hilly meadows 
about the great lake of Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1925. 

Taubert in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 178 (1896) unites this with 
C. globifera E. Mey., which however has shortly stipitate not sessile 
pods and longer calyx-lobes. 


40, C.senegalensis Bacle ex DC. Prodr. ii. p.133; Baker, /.c.,p.31. 


LOANDA AND Barra DO BENGO.—A prostrate herb ; root apparently 
biennial, rather thick, with long fibres and numerous tops, sending off 
many prostrate or decumbent much-branched branches 3 to 5 ft. long 
and spreading in a stellate manner; keel yellow-greenish, falcate- 
acuminate at a right or almost acute angle ; standard deep-yellow with 
red lines; wings yellow. Rather rare, on grassy slopes between 
Cacuaco and Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. in the winter, beginning of August 
1858 ; frequent on grassy hills from Quicuxe to Barra do Bengo, near 
the small pond at Museque de Quicuxe, March 1854. No. 1913. 

MossaMEDES,—An erect or prostrate annual very green herb, with 
yellow flowers ; frequent along the sandy grassy banks of the river 
Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1914. 


41, C. fulgida Baker in Oliv. FI). Trop. Afr. ii. p. 32. 


MossaMEDES.—A copiously flowering plant, cheering the sandy 
deserts with its brilliant yellow flowers. Amongst brushwood in the 
damp sandy places, flooded in the rainy season, in Mata dos Carpen- 
teiros, not common ; fl. without fr. August 1859. No. 1977. 


42. ©. lachnocarpa Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. ii. n. 780; 
Baker, l.c., p. 33. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Stem 2 ft. high ; ripe fruit 12in.long. Sporadic, 
by moist thickets near Lombe ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1915. 

Hvriiia.—An erect leafy perennial herb, 1 to 13 in. high ; flowers 
racemose-spicate, deep-yellow, soon turning purple ; petals, as well as 
the leaflets, rather thick and rigid. Sporadic, in the wooded meadows 
of Catumba in the territory of Lopollo ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. 
No. 1916. 


Var. strictissima. 
Leaflets narrower, the central ones ranging up to 2 by 3 in. 


Hvitita.—Annual ; stem very strict ; flowers large, golden-yellow. 
Frequent, in wooded meadows between Ferrdo da Sola and Jau in the 
territory of Lopollo ; a few specimens fl. without fr. end of March 
1860. No. 1965. 


43. C, decumbens Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 33. 


Punco ANDONGO.—On stony declivities alongside streams in the ele- 
vated parts of Pedras de Guinga; sparingly in fl. March 1857. No. 1910. 

Hvitia.—A perennial weak decumbent herb, with the flowering 
branchlets ascending; flowers yellow ; keel purplish ; in the more 
elevated grassy places, by the sides of rocks, in Morro de Monino ; 
fl. April 1860. No. 1909. 


44.°C, uncinata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 33. 


Hurnia.—A herb, 13 ft. high; stem ascending ; corolla yellow ; 
standard brown-orange ; keel very much bent and acute. In tall-grassy 


Crotalaria] XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 203 


wooded pastures and meadows, between Ferrao da Sola and Jau, at an 
elevation of 5500 ft.; fl. and young fr. March and May 1860. No.1974. 


45, C. comosa Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 34. 


GoLunco ALtTo.—Flowers yellow; keel pale-sulphur ; standard 
deep yellow marked with dark-purple lines; in low thickets at the 
base of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. May, fl. and fr. end 
of July 1855. No. 1959. <A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, scarcely branched, 
nearly always with a single stem ; flowers yellow, densely spicate ; pods 
in ripening imbricated downwards ; not common, on the grassy slopes 
of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, above N-delle ; fl. and young 
fr. beginning of April 1856. No. 1960. In the wooded meadows of 
Muangue near N-delle ; fi. and young fr. June 1856. A form with the 
leaflets sub-oval instead of sub-linear. No. 1961. 

CazENGo.—An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, sparingly branched ; 
flowers yellow; in rather dry grassy places, at the skirts of forests, 
among the mountains of Serra de Muxaiila ; fl. and ripe fr. June 1855. 


No. 19600. 


46. C. natalitia Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. p. 67 
(1843); Baker, lc, p. 34. 

Punco ANnponGco.—In sandy thinly shrubby thickets, between 
Quibinda and Quitage ; fl. March 1857. No. 1970. 


47. ©. protensa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 35. 


Punco ANDONGO.—<A decumbent herb, with stem 2 to 4 ft. long and 
brilliant yellow flowers. In damp pastures near Condo at the great 
cataract, and near Quitage ; fl. without fr. March 1857. No. 1929. 


48, ©. intermedia Kotschy in Sitzungsb. Acad. Wien, 1864, 
p. 362, t. 3; Baker, Le., p. 37. 


Gotunco ALTo.—In rather damp fields of Phaseolus and at the 
skirts of palm-groves, near Sange and Bango, frequent ; fl. and fr. Feb. 
1855. On bushy hills near Sange towards Camilungo ; fl. and fr. April 
1856. No. 1956. An annual erect branched herb, with yellow flowers ; 
several specimens monstrous, the inflorescence being rendered abnormal 
by the attack of insects ; at the margin of the forest, Sobato Cabanga- 
Cacalunga ; fl. and young fr. beginning of June 1856. No. 1985. 

AmpBaca.—In hilly situations near the river Lucala, Oct. 1856; no 
specimen separated for the British Museum. No. 1958. 


49, C. Saltiana Andr. Bot. Rep. x. t. 648 (1811-12); Br. in 
Salt, Voy. Abyss., App., p. Ixv. (1814). 
C. striata DC. Prodr. ii. p. 131 (1825); Baker, l.c., p. 38. 


LOANDA AND BARRA DO BENGO.—An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; 
branches patent-ascending ; keel of the corolla yellowish ; wings and 
' standard orange-coloured. Not uncommon, in bushy places along the 
sea-shore between Barro do Bengo and Cacuaco, fl. end of Sept. 1858 ; 
in grassy places near Cacuaco, with few fl. and with ripe fr. Dec. 1853 ; 
Praia de Zamba Grande Feb. 1858 ; July 1854. No. 1953. Annuai and 
biennial, not rarely suffrutescent ; branches patent; leaves pinnately 
trifoliolate ; racemes acute, pyramidal, yellow. In maritime sandy 
situations at Praia de Zamba Grande; fr. Jan. 1859. Couu. Carp. 370. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—An ascending or erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; 
flowers yellow, marked with purple-velvety lines ; in moist places at 
the banks of the river Coango; fl. and fr. May 1855. A herb, 
occasionally suffruticose, 4 to 6 ft. high, branched towards the apex ; 


204 XLIV. LEGUMINOSAE. [ Crotalaria 


flowers yellow, purple-striate ; in secondary thickets near Canaulo and 
Camilungo ; fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 1856. Varzea do Isidero, in 
June 1856. No. 1954. 


50. C. glaucifolia Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 38. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—An annual erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with 
glaucous foliage ; standard cinnamon-coloured outside, deep-violet-blue 
inside ; wings yellow ; keel saffron-coloured ; immature pod inflated, 
oblong-cylindrical. In sandy wooded meadows, at the cataract, near 
Condo, sparingly ; fl. and young fr. 15 March 1857. No. 1984. 


51, C. Lotononis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 39. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Habit of a Lotononis. Sporadic, in damp sandy 
places, Sobato Bumba near Condo; fl. March 1857. A unique 
specimen. No. 1969. 


52. C. cyanea Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 39. 


HviLLta.—Corolla whitish-green ; standard bright blue. In the 
elevated pastures of Empalanca, flooded in summer time, at an ele- 
vation of 5500 ft.; in company with species of dwarf Composite, 
Eriocaulon, and Xyris, scarce ; fl. and fr. end of March and in April 
1860. No. 1952. 


53. C. oligostachya Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 41. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—Sparingly on the grassy slopes of Serra de 
Pedras de Guinga, a unique specimen; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 1957. 


54. C. axillaris Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. p. 20(1789); Br. in Tuck. 
Congo, App., p. 478 (1818). 
C. lotifolia Baker, l.c., p. 42; non DC. 


AMBRIZ.—(Leaflets oval, the terminal one ranging up to 23 by 1+ in; 
the lateral ones to 2 by 1 in.; the petiole ranging up 34 in.) Flowers 
mostly 2 together on a very short common axillary peduncle ; pedicels 
about 3 in. long; flowers 2 to 2in. Fruit 23 by 2 in., subglabrous. 
In damp sandy hilly places along rocks near the city of Ambriz; fl. 
and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1978. 


55. C. cleomifolia Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 43. 


Punco ANnpoNnGOo.—A herb, 24 to 33 ft. high, annual?, erect or 
ascending, branched, without the flowers resembling in habit a Cleome ; 
leaflets 3 to 5, membranous, deep-green and with an oily gloss above, 
glaucous beneath ; flowers sulphur-yellow, slightly fragrant ; base of 
the calyx almost circular-flat, oppositely bibracteolate ; bracteoles 
turned backwards, appressed on the bottom of the calyx towards the 
insertion of the peduncle ; standard not cordate ; style bearded within 
towards the apex. In bushy rocky places at Pedra Songue within the 
fortified lines of Pungo Andongo ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1857. No. 1966. 

Huv1iita.—In wooded grassy places, Catumba near Lopollo; with 
yellow fl. and with fr. May 1860. No. 1967. 


4, TEPHROTHAMNUS Sweet, Hort. Brit. edit. 2, p. 126 (1830); 
non Sch. Bip. (1863). Argyrolobiwm Eckl. & Zeyh. 1836) ; (Benth. 
& Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 480. 


1. T. eequinoctialis. 


Argyrolobium cequinoctiale Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 
li, p. 46, 


Tephrothamnus | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 205 


Hv1Ltia.—An undershrub scarcely a foot high, with numerous erect- 
patent stems and branches and yellow flowers. In dry shortly-bushy 
pastures in the Lopollo country ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 2069. 


5. ADENOCARPUS DC.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 481. 
1. A. benguellensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 47. 


Huiiuia.—A slender shrub, 2 to 9 ft. high ; branches numerous, very 
patent, twisted, slender, sub-capitate at the apex; leaves 3 in. long; 
leaflets + to 4 in. long, rather obtuse ; stipules narrowly lanceolate, but 
little adnate to the petiole; flowers yellow. On the rocky parts of 
Morro de Lopollo, up to an elevation of 5000 ft.; fl. and fr. end of 
March 1860. No. 1897. <A shrub, 2 ft. high, with ascending branches. 
In stony thickets near Mumpulla, sparingly ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. 18970. 
An arborescent shrub, 7 to 9 ft. high ; fr. May 1860. Cou. Carp. 54, 


6. TRIFOLIUM Tournef., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 487. 


1. T. polystachyum Fresen. in Flora xxii. p. 50 (1839); Baker 
in Oliv. Fl, Trop. Afr. ii. p. 58. 


Var. psoraleoides (Welw. ms. in Herb.). 

A loosely ceespitose perennial herb; stems decumbent-ascending, 
branched, 1 to 2 ft. long; leaflets oblanceolate-linear, acute or 
apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped towards the narrowly rounded 
base, sharply spinulose-serrate, glabrous, very shortly petiolulate, 
? to 13 in. long by % to 4} in. broad; stipules sheathing for nearly 
3 in. the full length of the petiole; spikes of flowers elongate- 
ovoid, 3 to lin. long; calyx-tube { in. long, calyx-lobes rather 
longer, subulate; corolla violet ; pods shortly pedicelled. 


Hvu1LtLta.—Abundant in marshy grassy situations along streams about 
Lopollo ; fl. Nov. 1859, fl. and fr. March and April 1860. No. 1902. 


2. T. subrotundum Steud. et Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. i. 
n. 303, and in Flora xxiv. I. Intell. p. 32 (1841); Baker, l.c., p. 59. 

Trigonella marginata Hochst. et Steud. in Herb. Schimp. 
Abyss. i. n. 64; Baker, U.c., pp. 50, 596. 


Var. B. obcordatum Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A loosely cespitose stoloniferous perennial herb; stems de- 
cumbent, rooting, the flowering ones sub-erect ; leaflets obcordate ; 
heads of flowers axillary, on long peduncles ; standard pale-purple ; 
wings and the obtuse keel deep-purple ; pods mostly 2-seeded. 

HuILLta.—Very abundant in marshy meadows and inundated places 
throughout the plateau of Huilla; at the banks of the river of 
Lopollo ; fl. Nov. 1859. Around Lopollo and also at the lake Ivantala ; 
fl. and fr. March and April 1860. No. 1901. In damp pastures along- 
side streams near Mumpulla in company with species of Lobeliacez 
(Welw. Herb. Nos. 1144, 11465); fl. Oct. 1859; a comparatively 
stunted form ; No. 19010. 


] 


7. LOTUS Tournef., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 490. 
1. L. mossamedensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 62. 


MossAMEDES.—An annual herb, branched from the base ; branches 
prostrate, spread in a stellate manner ; leaves and calyces white-pilose ; 


206 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [Lotus 


flowers of a bright-rose colour; peduncles 1-2-flowered, supported 
by a 1-3-foliolate bract ; stipules almost exactly equal to the leaflets 
and rather to be considered as being the lowest pair of leaflets ; keel 
subcartilaginous-indurated ; standard obovate-keeled. Very plentiful 
in moist sandy places, at the banks of the rivers Bero and Girail, near 
their mouths ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1899. 


2, L, dumetorum Webb in Herb. Canar. Bourgeau n. 803 (1846) 
and nn. 1321, 13822 (1855); Lowe, Fl. Madeira, i. p. 176 (1862). 
L.arenarius var. Webbti Ballin Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 423 (1878). 


CAPE DE VERDE IsLanps.—In rocky maritime stations in the island 
of St. Vincent; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 1898. 


8. PSORALEA Royen, L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 491. 


1. P. obtusifolia DC. Prodr. ii. p. 221 (1825); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl, Trop). Afr. 11. p. 64. 


MossAMEDES.—A prostrate herb, apparently perennial, hoary, with 
the aspect of a Medicago, smells like Trigonella; leaves trifoliolate, 
strong-smelling when rubbed, at length when dry sweetly aromatic 
like Melilotus ; flowers blue-violet ; calyx sub-campanulate, 5-cleft, the 
larger lobe opposite the keel ; standard obovate, clawed, embracing the 
wings and keel ; wings as long as the standard, longer than the keel ; 
stamens diadelphous ; pod ovate-ellipsoidal, 1-seeded. In sandy 
moist situations along the banks of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 


1859. No. 1988. 


2. P. andongensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 65. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A perennial herb ; stems several from the thick 
woody rootstock, erect, a foot high ; leaves simple (or unifoliolate), 
entire, broadly ovate-elliptical, shortly tomentose beneath, not 
glandular ; petiole very short ; stipules 2, linear, comose-hispid at the 
apex, double as long as the petiole; flowers racemose-capitate, white ; 
bracts narrow ; bracteoles 2, lying close to the calyx ; calyx tubular, 
lax ; teeth 5, subequal, as long as the tube, erect, ciliate; standard 
oblong, not appendiculate, longer than the appendiculate wings and 
than the straight not appendiculate petals of the keel; stamens 
diadelphous, 9 of them united in a tube cleft above ; ovary 2-ovuled, 
pilose, subsessile ; stigma thick, capitate, terminating the rather thick 
style which is incurved at the apex. Very sparingly in the sandy 
forests of Mata de Panda, composed of Cussonia angolensis Hiern, 
and Pterocarpus angolensis DC.; at the banks of the river Lutete ; 
fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 1987. 

3. P. bituminosa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 763 (1753); Lowe, FI. 
Madeira, i. p. 134 (1862). 

Maperra.—In rough maritime situations near Camara dos Lobos ; 
fl. and fr. August 1853. No. 1989. 

4, P, americana L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 763 (1753); Lowe, d.c., 
p. 135 (1862). 

MapeEirRA.—In damp rocky situations in the Funchal district ; fl. 
August 1853. No. 1990. 


9, INDIGOFERA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 494. 


1. I. congesta Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 70. 
Anil(a) congesta O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. p. 939 (1891). 


Indigofera| XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 207 


Punco ANpDONGO.—A rather hard undershrub, 14 to 2 ft. high, 
branched from the base ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 7, glaucous- 
green, at length in the dry state hoary-pubescent ; flowers purple-red, 
crowded in capitate racemes along the branchlets ; calyx 5-cleft nearly 
to the base ; keel acutely spurred on both sides ; anthers with a long 
apiculus ; pods ellipsoidal-globose, hardly ~; in. long, with a long 
apiculus, 1l-seeded. Sporadic, in sandy thickets, not far from the 
river Cuanza, between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. 


No. 2041. 


2. I. procera Schum. et Thonn. Guin. Pl. p.365 (1827); Baker, .c., 
Dbl 
Anil(a) procera O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 939. 


AmpBaca.—An annual erect herb, resembling Scoparia ; branches at 
first rather strict, at length spreading ; rather rare in moist situations 
flooded in the rainy season, at the left bank of the river Caringa ; 
fr. and with a few fl. June 1855. A somewhat shrubby herb question- 
ably perennial, with the habit of a Thesium ; root long, thick, woody ; 
stems oblique, much branched ; leaves simple ; flowers brilliant-red, 
fugacious ; frequent in bushy wooded places, especially in forests of 
Cussonia angolensis Hiern (cf. Herb. No. 480), between Izanga and 
N-gombe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 2002. <A perennial, somewhat 
shrubby herb ; stems virgate, leafy ; flowers flaming-scarlet, fugacious ; 
pods linear-oblong, cylindrical, hirsute, 2-seeded. In bushy wooded 
clayey situations ; fl. and fr. Oct. Cou. Carp. 372. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In exposed shortly grassy parts of forests, abun- 
dant, from Calunga in the direction of Muta Lucala ; fl. and fr. March 
1857. No. 2001. 


3. I. simplicifolia Lam. Encycl. Méth. iii. p.251(1789); Baker,l.c., 
p. 72. : 
Anil(a) simplicifolia O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A slender annual undershrub, rigid, roughish and 
somewhat ashy all over, 3 to 4 ft. high ; leaves brittle ; flowers white, 
very small, concealed in the axils of the erect leaves. Frequent in 
open shortly-bushy places at the margins of forests between Trombeta 
and Cambondo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 2003. A strict erect 
slender undershrub, with the habit of Lythrum Hyssopifolia L. ; in 
moist situations near Cambondo ; fr. 19 Sept. 1854. CoLu. Carp. 460. 

AmBaca.—A strictly erect annual undershrub, sparingly branched, 
with a rush-like habit; leaves erect, appressed, rough ; flowers very 
small, white ; pods erect, mucronate. In bushy wooded places from 
Cabinda to N-gombe, in company with various other species of 
Indigofera ; fl. and fr, Oct. 1856. No. 20030. 


4, I. erythrogramma Welw.ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p73. 
Anil(a) erythrogramma O. Kuntze, lc., p. 939. 


Loanpa.—A summer form ; frequent in sands disintegrated from 
a red conglomerate, between Alto das Cruzas and Quicuxe ; fl. and 
fr. Jan. 1854. No. 2007. Autumn forms ; leaves in the living state 
marked with purple lines beneath ; flowers scarlet or deep-blood-red ; 
frequent in hilly sandy places around the city of Loanda, from Alto 
das Cruzes towards the Museque of Senr. Schut ; fl. and sparingly fr. 
May 1854. No. 2005. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A persisting herb, 13 ft. high ; flowers brilliantly 
scarlet-red ; calyx-segments 5, equal, linear, terminated with a capitate 


208 XLIV. LEGUMINOS®, | Indigofera 


purple gland ; anthers uniform, apiculate. Sparingly in sandy thickets 
along the margins of forests about the fortress near Sansamanda and 
near the river Lombe ; fl. and fr. Marchand May 1857. Near Cazella ; 
flower-bud Oct. 1856. No. 2006. 

Hviiia.—A herb, apparently persisting for two or several years, 
very widely ceespitose and quite prostrate ; flowers splendidly scarlet- 
red. Frequent in damp meadows, along the Catumba stream, by 
hardened ant-hills; fl. and very sparingly fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. 
No. 2008. 


5. I. nummularia Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 74. 
Anil(a) nummularia O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Rootstock many-headed, woody ; stems 1} to 
2 ft. long, prostrate, much branched; leaves obovate-orbicular. 
Common and abundant in sandy places at the river Cuanza, the 
banks of which it decks with its brilliant rose-purple flowers ; fi. and 
sparingly fr. Jan. 1857. No. 2009. 


6. I. capitata Kotschy in Sitz. Akad. Wien LI. i. p. 365, t. 64 
(1865) ; Baker, l.c., p. 75. 
Anil(a) capitata O. Kuntze, L.c., p. 939. 


AmBrRiz.—In thickets along the coast to the north of the city of 
Ambriz; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 2040. 


7. I. pulchra Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. p. 1239 (1800) ; Baker, Z.c., p. 76. 


Loanpa.—A slender undershrub; stems densely czspitose, the 
central ones erect, the lateral ones ascending, 13 to 23 ft. high, virgate, 
furnished below with pinnate leaves and above with simple leaves ; 
flowers bright red, fugacious ; calyx in the living state golden-tawny ; 
frequent and polymorphic in sandy fields to the south of the city of 
Loanda ; fl. and fr. October 1853 to March 1854; Alto das Cruzes, in 
fruit and with very few flowers at the beginning of December 1858. 
No. 2010. A shaded form ; in overhung roadways by their sandy sides 
among bushes of leafless Euphorbia, with a few flowers and fruits in 
March 1854. No. 20100. 1 to 2 ft. high; by fences of Euphorbia ; 
fr. Oct. 1853. Cou. CARP. 457. 


Var. andongensis. 
A low spreading undershrub ; leaflets ranging in number up to 9. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—Flowers bright scarlet. Abundant about the 
fortress in dry thickets near the Luxillo bridge ; fl. April 1857. This 
plant bears a close resemblance to J. Brassii Baker (/.c., p. 76), the leaves 
of which however have a greater number of leaflets, No. 2047. 


8. I. pilosa Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Méth. Suppl., iii. p. 151 
(1813); Baker, /.c., p. 82. 
Anil(a) pilosa O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Loanpa,—A slender annual or biennial herb, 1} to 2 ft. high, with 
the habit of a Lotus; stems prostrate-ascending froma much-branched 
base ; flowers very small, rose-coloured or rose-blood-red ; fully ripe 
pods black. In sandy fields, abundant in the district to the south of 
the city ; Museque of Luis Gomes; fl. and fr. July 1858. In tracts 
of Fimbristylis, near Quicuxe; in fl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 2022. 
A prostrate annual ; flowers small ; petals deep-purple, very caducous. 
In sandy places above the city, amongst plantations of Manihot utilis- 
sima ; fr. April 1854. Con. Carp. 377. 


Indigofera | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 209 


AmBaca.—Annual, about 4 in. high. In stony places at N-gombe ; 
in very young fr. June 1857. No. 4149. 


9. I. heptaphylla Hiern, sp. n. 

An erect slender annual herb, branched from the base often in 
a virgate manner, pallid, more or less appressedly hairy especially 
on the leaflets beneath, 9 to 24 in. high or sometimes more ; 
leaves imparipinnate, 2-4-jugate, usually 3-jugate, 1 to 3 in. 
long; lateral leaflets opposite or sub-opposite, sub-linear or 
narrowly oval-oblong, rounded with a short apiculus at the apex, 
rounded or pomewna nar oo at the very shortly petiolulate 
base, entire, 3 to 1 in. long, 3 zo to + in. broad; terminal leaflet 
similar, ranging up to 14 in. long, on a petiolule ranging up to 
d in. 5 . stipules subulate, cag stipels 0; racemes axillary, 1 to 
4 in. long, many-flowered : common peduncle (below the first 
flower) + to 24 in.; flowers rose-purple, clustered along the upper 
part of the rachis especially towards the apex, } in. long ; pedicels 
very short, shorter than or about equalling the lanceolate-subulate 
deciduous bracteoles; calyx 54, in. long, clothed with appressed 
whitish hairs, lobes subulate from an ovate or lanceolate base, 
about as long as or a little longer than the tube; corolla glabrous ; 
standard obovate, 7 in. long, exceeding the staminal slit tube ; 
pods more or less spreading or declining, shortly and appressedly 
hairy or sub-glabrate, 1 to 12 in. long, ;4, in. broad, somewhat 
compressed, slightly turning upwards near the apex, otherwise 
straight ; seeds 12 to 16. 

This species resembles more or less J. parviflora Hayne, J. 
goniodes Hochst., and J. costata Guill. & Perr. ; it differs from the 
first by longer peduncles and from the others by fewer leaflets 
and different calyx-lobes. It differs also in habit from J. linearis 
Guill. & Perr. which Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii, p. 83 unites 
with I. parviflora; I. linearis DC. Prodr. ii. p. 228, from Sene- 
gambia, not mentioned by Baker, is the same as J. aspera Perr. 


LoanpDA.—Here and there in grassy places on poor soil between 
Penedo and Conceicao ; fl. and fr. May 1858. No. 4146. Fl. No. 4145. 

AMBACA.—On the left bank of the river Caringa, in grassy places ; 
fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4147. In fields near N-gombe ; fl. and fr. 
Oct. 1856. No. 4148. 

Punco AnponGco.—At the salt mine near Quibinde Quitage ; fr. 
March 1857. No. 4143. A branched annual herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with 
pretty purplish flowers. In grassy places at the sides of thickets near 
the stream Cagalulé ; fl. Jan. 1857. More robust than the type, and 
perhaps a distinct species. No. 4144. 


10. I. Welwitschii Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 84. 
Anil(a) Welwitschiit O. Kuntze, é.c., p. 940. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A very slender, erect or ascending, annual herb, 
3 to 18 in. high ; leaves 1-, 3-, or 5-foliolate ; flowers scarlet or rose- 
purple, very fugacious ; keel acuminate ; style very short, consisting 
of a gibbous waxy-glandular body seated on the apex of the ovary 
o which the oblique shortly penicillate stigma is attached, and which 


14 


210 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Indigofera 


persists at the apex of the pod. Frequent, in the rather elevated 
shortly-grassy meadows of Pedra de Cabondo, about Sansamanda ; 
in fl. and fr. April1857. No. 2066. A slender annual herb ; stems 
ascending ; flowers scarlet, turning purple when dried ; pods straight, 
2 to Zin. long ; 7; in. wide. In the moist meadows of Sansamanda, 
at the banks of the river Cuanza. In fl. and fr. end of April 1857. 
No. 2066). On the grassy slopes of Pedras de Guinga ; in fl. beginning 
of April 1857. No. 2066c. A small annual herb, sometimes erect, 
at other times with prostrate stems, 3 to 6 in. high, heterophyllous ; 
the earliest lower leaves oval, } by + in. ; upper leaves 3-5-foliolate ; 
leaflets narrowly elliptical or nearly linear, 4 to 2 by 74 to +4 in. ; 
flowers rose-coloured, rather small, never all fully expanded at once ; 
pods (young) linear, hirsute, moderately faleate or somewhat arched, 
apiculate with the curved style. On the stony dry highest ranges of 
the fortress near Pedra de Cazella ; fl. and young fr, towards the end 
of May 1857. No. 2067. 

Houriia.—A little hispidulous annual herb, a hand high; stem 
branched ; branches rather spreading; lower leaves simple, upper 
leaves and those of the branches trifoliolate ; flowers bright scarlet, 
very fugacious ; pods narrowly ensiform, many-seeded. In marshy 
pastures and alongside streams near Lopollo, especially about Catumba 
at the camp of the Munanos; fl. and fr. 27 March 1860. No. 2032. 
In moist meadows at the left bank of the river of Lopollo, in company 
with [phigenia quineensis Baker (Welw. Herb. No. 1626) ; fl. violet-red 
and fr. April 1860. No. 20381. 


11. I. psilostachya Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.84. 
Anil(a) psilostachya O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Hviiia.—A very bright-green herb, 2 to 4ft. high ; primary stem 
cylindrical ; branches and branchlets sub-compressed, angular, one or 
other angle almost winged ; the lower branches elongated, ascending ; 
flowering spikes elongated, 6 to 15 in. long, erect-patent ; flowers at 
first blue, soon turning violet. In moist wooded meadows along the 
river Mupanda, near the great lake Ivantala ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 
1860. No. 2052. 


12. I. medicaginea Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p.86. 
Anil(a) medicaginea O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Punego ANnponGco.—A tender prostrate perennial herb, with the 
habit of a Medicago ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets beset beneath with 
thin rigid hairs fixed on the midst of the lamina ; flowers reddish- 
purple; calyx-teeth all equal ; stamens diadelphous, the vexillary one 
free; keel not spurred ; anthers with a very small hardly perceptible 
apiculus ; style obsolete ; stigma large, sessile, orbicular, ciliate. In 
moist meadows with short herbage, by the banks of the river Cuanza 
near Sansamanda, apparently rare; fl. and with two young fr. Feb. 
1857. No. 2025. An annual or biennial prostrate little herb ; some 
leaves simple, others pinnately trifoliolate, the end-leaflet orbicular ; 
flowers scarlet. Sparingly, in the moist poorer meadows with short 
herbage by the stream of Catete within the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; 
fl. and young fr. May 1857. No. 2026. 


13. I. oxalidea Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 86. 
Anil(a) oxalidea O. Kuntze, l.c., p.-939. 


Hvi_ia.—A perennial herb ; stems thin, flexuous, prostrate ; leaves 
3-5-foliolate, deep-green ; flowers purple-scarlet. In damp muddy- 


Indigofera] XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 211 


sandy meadows, about ant-hills, between Lopollo and Monino ; fl. and 
fr. April 1860. No. 2023. 


14. I. trita Linn. f. Suppl. Pl. p. 335 (1781); Baker, /.c., p. 86. 
Anil(a) trita O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


Loanpa.—A herb, apparently annual or biennial; primary stem 
rather erect ; branches oblique or decumbent, more or less distichously 
branched ; leaves and stem beset with rigid brittle stinging hairs ; 
flowers brick-red, fugacious. Occasionally in dry rocky and sandy 
maritime stations at Praia da Zamba Grande ; fl. and young fr. 16 Jan. 
1859. No. 2028. <A prostrate herb, with ascending branchlets ; whole 
plant whitish-silky in the living state ; flowers of a brilliant cinnabar- 
red colour. On clay flooded in summer time, between Quicuxe and 
Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. beginning of August 1858. No. 2028). A suffru- 
tescent herb; stem as well as the trifoliolate leaves beset with 
stinging hairs; branches quite patent ; Jan. 1859. Coun. Carp. 376. 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—Stems ascending, 2 to 4 ft. long; flowers of a 
pale-violet colour, very caducous. At the borders of thickets and by 
roadsides in stony and gravelly places, between Trombeta and Cam- 
bondo; fi. and young fr. March 1855. No. 2029. A herb becoming 
woody at the base; branches virgate, prostrate-ascending ; leaves 
glaucous-green ; flowers few, vinous-brick-red. Garden of the Resi- 
dency of Golungo Alto, in cotton-plantations; fr. 1 Oct. 1856. 
Doubtfully referred to this species. COLL. Carp. 373. 

Ampaca,—An annual herb, branched from the base; branches 
elongated, sarmentose ; leaves trifoliolate, as well as the stem beset 
with stinging hairs; flowers pale-lilac, when first opened scarlet. 
Among fields of Manihot utilissima Pohl, near N-gombe ; fl. and ripe 
fr. Oct. 1856. No. 2030. Puri Cacarambola; fl. Oct. 1856. A poor 
doubtful specimen, No. 4135. 

Punco ANpdonGo.—An annual herb, well simulating in habit a 
Melilotus ; stem ascending, branched in a virgate manner towards the 
apex ; leaflets 3 to 5. In bushy sparingly grassy meadows between 
the river Lombe and Muta Lucala; fl. and young fr. March 1857. 
No. 2027. 

MossAMEDES.—Not uncommon in fields of Gossypium about Caval- 
leiros ; fl. and young fr. August 1859. No. 2068. 


15. I. benguellensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. u. p. 87. 
Anil(a) benguelensis O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 938. 


MossAMEDES.—Leaflets not uncommonly opposite and alternate in 
the same specimen. Im sea-sands, not far from the ocean, near Porto 
Pinda, at Cabo Negro; in young fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 2061. 


16. I. paucifolia Delile, Fl. Egypte, p. 251, t. 37 fig. 2, 2’, Ill. 
p. 70 (1812); Baker, l.c., p. 88. 
Anil(a) paucifolia O. Kuntze, U.c., p. 939. 


BENGUELLA.—A little shrub with ascending white-glaucescent stems; 
leaves very glaucous beneath, green-glaucous above ; flowers at first 
red, almost cinnabar-red, soon turning violet. In sandy thickets near 
the city of Benguella ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 2019. 

MossaMEDES.—A little evergreen shrub, hard-woody at the base, 
3 to 5 ft. long, very glaucous throughout ; stems numerous, prostrate- 
ascending, loosely branched ; leaflets alternate ; flowers small, red, 
fugacious ; pods torulose. Frequent, in sandy places along the banks 
of the river Bero; fr. with a few fl. 11 August 1859. No. 2018. 


212 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Indigofera 


17. I. hirsuta L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 751 (1753); Baker, U.c., p. 88. 
Anil(a) hirsuta O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 160. 


Ampriz.—Frequent, in dry open bushy places in the forest, between 
Ambriz and Banza de Ambriz; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 2054. 

GoLtuNGo ALTo.—An annual herb (also suffruticose, and lasting 
2 or 3 years), 2 to 3 ft. high, erect or decumbent, clothed with hairs, 
which not rarely but not always sting; flowers scarlet ; in moist 
thickets, borders of Mata de Quisucula; fl. May 1856. No. 2055. 
Sange, at the base of Serra de Alto Queta ; fr. June 1856. No. 20550. 


Var. 8. polystachya Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 89. 


Puneo ANDoNGO.—A herb, 13 ft. high, with spreading branches 
from the base. In sandy places along thickets, between Lombe and 
Quibinda, by roadsides, flooded in the rainy season ; fl. March 1857. 
No. 2056. 

Hvu1Luia.—Erect. In wooded meadows with tall herbage; at the 
skirts of forests, in company with various species of Crotalaria, 
Cracca, and Ampelocissus, about the great lake Ivantila, nowhere 
abundant ; fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 2065. Decumbent 
or ascending ; spikes distant; flowers violet-purple. In sandy meadows 
by forests composed of species of Protea and Eugenia, near Monino ; 

fl. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 20650. 


Var. y. pumila Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 89. 


Huvi1Ltua.—Suffruticose; rootstock thick, woody, many-headed; stems 
much branched from the base; leaflets orbicular-elliptical, secund ; 
flowers violet-purple. In the more elevated stony shortly-bushy 
pastures, between the great lake Ivantala and Quilengues ; in young 
fl. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 2057. 


18. I. astragalina DC. Prodr. ii. p. 228 (1825); Baker, /.c., p. 89. 

Bumpo.—Serra da Xella. In fields after the cultivation of Arachis 
hypogea L.; not common ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2021. 

19. I. alternans DC. Prodr. ii. p. 229 (1825); Baker, l.c., p. 89. 

Anil(a) alternans O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 938. 


MossaMEDES.—On sandhills, among species of leafless HKuphorbia 
and Zygophyllum, rather frequent, near the city of Mossamedes ; fl. 
and fr. end of June 1859. No. 2059. Flowers rose-red. On the sea- 
sands at Praia da Amelia; fl. August 1859. No. 2058b. 


Var. 8. macra Baker, l.c. 


MossaMEDES.—F lowers violet-purple. On sea-sands near “ As 
hortas,” along the banks of the river Bero, near its mouth; fl. and fr. 
July 1859. No. 2058. 


20. I. maritima Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 89. 
Anil(a) maritima O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


MossaMEpES.—A prostrate, very widely czspitose, glaucous-silky, 
perennial herb, with the habit and colour of foliage like those of 
Medicago maritima L. ; leaflets fleshy, thick ; flowers blood-red. Fre- 
quent and polymorphic, on sea-sands near the city of Mossamedes ; 
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 20610. 


21. I. heterocarpa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 90. 
Anil(a) heterocarpa O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 
Hvi_ita.—A_ prostrate ascending bright-green perennial herb or 


Indigofera| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&, 213 


undershrub, much branched at the base; rootstock thick woody ; 
branches ascending, with close branchlets; flowers small, scarlet or 
red-scarlet ; pods sometimes short ovoid and 1- or 2-seeded, sometimes 
on the same stem, oblong-linear and several-seeded. In elevated rather 
dry shortly grassy pastures, at an elevation of about 5400 ft., in Morro 
de Lopollo ; fi. and fr. Feb. 1860. No, 2051. 


22. I. setiflora Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, ii. p. 90, 
Anil(a) setiflora O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


Hvi.ia.—A little shrub, with ascending reddish branches ; flowers 
red-lilac, rather fugacious. Sporadic, in exposed grassy somewhat 
sandy places, at the borders of forests, by the road from Ferrao da 
Sola towards Jau, in the Lopollo territory ; fl. April 1860. No. 2020. 


23. I. mimosoides Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 90. 
Anil(a) mimosodes O. Kuntze, l.c. p. 939. 


PunGo ANDONGO.—In sandy shortly bushy pastures, between Qui- 
binde and Quitage, sparingly ; fl. March 1857. A unique specimen. 
No. 2046. 

HviLLa.—F lowers violet-coloured, much smaller than in Jndigofera 
phyllanthoides Baker (No. 2044); pods straight, rather hairy, erect- 
patent. In shortly grassy pastures, in company with various Labiate ; 
in Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. end of March 1860. No. 2045. 

Ampriz.—FIl. and fr. Nov. 1853. Poor specimens, perhaps belonging 
to this species, and also very like J. viscosa dam. No. 4151. 


24. I. subcorymbosa Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 91. 
Anil(a) subcorymbosa O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


Huviiuia.—A slender, erect, distantly branched shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, 
with the habit of a Coronilla ; leaflets 5 to 7, tender ; flowers scarlet, 
soon turning brick-red. In rocky sparingly bushy places, among ferns 
and shrubs, along the base of the mountains of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. 
Dec. 1859. No. 2053. 


25. I. rhynehocarpa Welw.ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 92. 
Anil(a) rhynchocarpa O, Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Punco ANDOoNGO.—A robust suffruticose herb, 2 to 4 ft. high and 
more, woody at the base, with the habit of Galega officinalis L. ; stem 
straight, branched, flowering towards the apex; branches erect-patent ; 
leaflets 7 to 9, coriaceous, obscurely green, rather glossy, glaucescent 
beneath ; pilose hairs fixed on the middle of the lower surface of the 
leaflets ; calyx and standard greenish outside ; keel whitish ; wings 
rose-coloured ; standard embracing the half shorter wings and the 
equally long keel ; petals of the keel much cohering in front, after 
flowering thrown off with elasticity together with the standard and 
wings. Stamens diadelphous, the vexillary filament geniculate at the 
base ; anthers aristate-mucronate ; style filiform, bent at the apex 
in a rectangular manner ; stigma narrowly capitate ; pod cylindrical, 
reddish, sub-torulose, pendulous from the much-thickened pedicel, 14 
to 22 in. long, straight but incurved, clavate-capitate and mucronate at 
the apex. In thickets with tall herbage about Catete, not far from 
the fortress ; fl. and unripe fr. 10 Jan. 1857; with ripe fr, April 1857. 
No. 2015. 

HviLtLta.—An erect glaucescent undershrub, 13 to 2 ft. high; pod 
clavate-thickened at the apex. In bushy wooded places between 
Catumba and Hay ; fr. April 1860. No. 2017. 


214 XLIV. LEGUMINOSS. [Indigofera 


This species occurs also at Caconda, where it is called ‘“ Ubangé ” or 
““ Ubange” ; it was gathered by Anchieta in Nov. 1877, n. 137. 


26. I. pruinosa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 93. 
Anil(a) pruinosa O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


MossaMEDES.—An erect hard small shrub, 2 ft. high; stem and 
branches completely covered with a glaucous branny bloom ; leaves 
imparipinnate ; leaflets 5 or 7, fleshy, rigid, covered with a rough 
pubescence, very brittle ; flowers purple; calyx widely gaping at the 
back, all the teeth being directed forwards ; standard sub-orbicular, 
with two spots at the base; keel not spurred; anthers subulate- 
apiculate ; pod sub-cylindrical, 14 in. long, glabrous. Sporadic, in 
rocky mountainous places, along the banks of the river Maiombo ; in 
young fl. and in fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2035. 


27. I. daleoides Benth. ex Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. i. 
p. 200 (1862); Baker, l.c., p. 95. 
Anil(a) daleodes O. Kuntze, lc., p. 939. 


BENGUELLA.—Stems numerous from a woody many-headed rootstock, 
prostrate in all directions, slender, 14 ft. long or more. On sea-sands, 
especially at the mouth of the river Cavado, near the city of Benguella ; 
fl. June 1859. No. 2060. 


28. I. microcarpa Desv. Journ. Bot. m1. p. 79 (1814); Benth. 
in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. i. p. 39 (1859). 
I. enneaphylla Baker, l.c., p. 95; non L. 


LoaNpA.—An annual or biennial herb; branches long, much branched 
at the base, procumbent, or rather stretched out in a stellate manner ; 
petals white at the claw, violet on the lamina; pods cylindric-conical, 
short, few-seeded. Plentiful, in a few places by drying-up pools near 
Alto das Cruzes; fl. and fr. May 1854 and 12 July 1858. No. 2011. 
In dried-up pools, near Boa Vista; fl. and fr. July 1858. No. 20110. 

Our specimens differ from J. enneaphylla L. by opposite, not alternate, 
leaflets ; by longer racemes and by sub-torulose and darker pods ; they 
nearly agree with the Brazilian J. microcarpa Desv., especially with its 
synonym J. domingensis Spreng. ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 227 (1825), but 
the flowers are slightly larger, and the leaflets oblanceolate and longer. 


29. I. endecaphylla Jacq. Collect. Bot. ii. p. 358 (1788), Ic. Pl. 
Rar. t. 570 (1786-93) (hendecaphylla); Baker, /.c., p. 96. 
Anil(a) endecaphylla O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 


Ampriz.—Frequent in sandy places along the sea-coast between 
Mossul and Ambriz; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. <A small-leaved form. 
No. 2063. 

LoanpA.—Annual, sometimes persisting for several years; stems 
prostrate, 3 to 5 ft. long ; frequent, in grassy hollows, flooded in the 
rainy season, and in dried-up Represas around the city of Loanda, 
near Boa Vista, Quicuxe, Alto das Cruzes, etc. ; fl. and fr. Feb. to July 
1858. No. 2062. A prostrate perennial ; stems numerous, woody at 
the base ; flowers brick-red, arranged in long spikes, Cacuaco and 
Morro das Lapostas ; fr. August 1854. Cou. Carp. 110. 

Punco ANponGo.—A perennial herb; rootstock woody, vertical, 
many-headed ; stems prostrate ; leaflets glaucous-green, rather fleshy ; 
inflorescence much-acuminate; flowers violet-purple ; sporadic on 
stony shortly-grassy hills within the fortified lines of Pungo Andongo ; 
fl.and fr. April 1857. A form with narrow leaflets. No. 2064. A 


Indigofera] XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. 215 


glaucous-green perennial herb ; rootstock thick, woody ; stems nume- 
rous, prostrate ; leaves glaucous, pinnate ; leaflets 5 to 7, alternate ; 
stipules 2 together, scarious, adnate to the petiole ; flowers pale reddish- 
yellow ; calyx deeply cleft, with narrow acuminate teeth; petais of 
the keel with a short obtuse almost spathulate spur ; anthers apiculate, 
very small ; pod compressedly tetragonal, crenate at the sutures between 
the seeds. In exposed stony shortly-grassy moist parts of the fortress, 
near Catete; fl. and young fr. May 1857. No. 2024. 

Huvi1Lia.—Stems 2 or more from a thick woody several-headed root- 
stock, herbaceous, erect, branched ; leaflets glaucous ; flowers purplish. 
Rather rare, in wooded thickets between Lopollo and Monino, at an 
elevation of 5000 ft. ; fl. end of March 1860. A form with large 
leaflets. No. 2014. * 


Var. radicans Welw. ex Baker, J.c. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Lombe Quibinde; fl. No. 4150. 

Hvi1LLa.—Herbaceous ; stems several from the many-headed root, 
4 to 2 ft. long, prostrate in all directions, much branched, rather rigid, 
brittle, rooting at the base ; leaflets 3 to 5, nearly glabrous ; flowers 
purple-lilac. Sporadic, in moist meadows by ant-hills composed of red 
sand, in company with Hydrocotyle. Between Lopollo and Monino ; 
fl. and nearly ripe fr. April 1860. No. 2039. 


30. I. phyllanthoides Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 96. 
Anil(a) phyllanthodes O. Kuntze, L.c., p. 939. 


Hovitia.—A slender undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, above with slender 
branchlets ; older branches purple ; flowers violet-coloured, less fuga- 
cious than in most species of the genus, In the drier thickets, between 
Nene and the high plateau of Empalanca ; fl.and young fr. April 1860 ; 
at an elevation of 5400ft. No. 2044. 

Taubert in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost—Afr. c, p. 210 (1895) unites this 
name with J. dendroides Jacq. 


31. I. subulifera Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 96. 
Anil(a) subulifera O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


Punco ANpDonGo.—In sandy places at the skirts of forests near 
Sansamanda ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 2048. An erect herb, 13 to 
23 ft. high, ashy-pubescent throughout ; leaflets 7 to 11 or 12, opposite, 
as well as the pod terminated with a subulate acumen at the apex. 
Abundant in exposed rocky forests, near Calunga and between it 
and Candumbo; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 2048. In shortly bushy 
pastures, near the river Cuanza, between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. 
March 1857. No. 2049. 

Hvuiiia.—Abundant, in grassy shortly-bushy places, along the skirts 
of woods between Catumba and Hay; fl. March 1860. No. 2050. In 
the drier thickets at the skirts of woods near the great lake Ivantala, 
with pale-blue fl. (a young plant without fl. near Eme in Jan. 1860, not 
separated for the British Museum), end of Feb. 1860. No. 20500. 


32. I. Anil L. Mant. Pl. alt. p. 272 (1771); Welw. Apont. p. 574 
under n. 174; Baker, /.c., p. 98. 

Anil(a) tinctoria « vera O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 160. 

PrINCE’s IsLanp.—Frequent, sandy maritime places and drier hills, 
about Porto §. Antonio, etc. ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 2034. 

LoanpAa.—An undershrub, 13 to 34 in. high or even higher and 
nearly shrubby ; stems crowded, suberect or oblique ; flowers incon- 


216 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Indigofera 


spicuous, reddish, very fugacious ; standard as well as the keel 
yellowish-green ; wings bright brick-red ; pods subtorulose. Frequent 
and spontaneous, but scarcely indigenous, in clay-sandy exposed 
rather dry hilly situations around Loanda and Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. 
June and July and also in Nov. 1858. No. 2033. Spontaneous almost 
everywhere in open uncultivated places throughout the district, but 
scarcely indigenous ; fr. 27 Nov. 1858. Coun. Carp. 375. 

GoLuNnGco ALTo.—Common, in the drier thickets near Sange ; fl. and 
fr. April 1855. No. 2037. 

The species grows spontaneously along the coast from Ambriz as 
far as the mouth of the river Cuanza, but in all probability it was 
originally introduced for the production of indigo. 


33. I. umbonata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 98. 
Anil(a) umbonata O. Kuntze, lc., p. 940. Indigofera (sp.), 
Welw. Apont. p. 588, n. 50. 


Punco ANDoNGOo.—A small rigid shrub, 2 ft. high, with glaucous 
foliage and habit of J. tinctoria L.; pods straight, obtusely quad- 
rangular, glabrous, umbonate at the apex, with a thick ring below the 
acumen. In rocky shortly-bushy places, between Caghuy and Calunga, 
rather rare; fl. and ripe fr. March 1857. No. 2038. An undershrub, 
3 to 4 ft. high, much branched. Frequent in sandy thickets between 
Condo and Quisonde; fr. March 1857. Used by the natives for dyeing 
cloth. Con. Carp. 374. 


34. I. emarginella Steud. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. i. n. 735, 
et iii. nn. 1723, 1893; A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 184 (1847); 
Baker, t.c., p. 99. 

Anil(a) emarginella O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 939. 

Punco ANponGo.—A suffruticose herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, resembling 
in general aspect a species of Amorpha ; branches, leaves, and peduncles 
densely setulose ; flowers whitish with bright reddish wings. At the 
skirts of forests near Condo, between the waterfall and Bumbo ; only 


one specimen seen in fl. March 1857, in company with species of Protea 
and Thymeleaceze. No. 2016. 


35. I.macrophyllaSchum.Guin. Pl. p.372 (1827); Baker, l.c.,p.100. 

Anil(a) macrophylla O. Kuntze, lc., p. 939. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—An erect, much-branched undershrub, 5 to 7 ft. 
high, with many stems ; flowers red, variegated with green. Abundant, 
in thickets growing on a ferruginous-argillaceous soil, near Quibange, 


not far from the fortress of Pungo Andongo; fl. Jan. 1857, at an 
elevation of 3500 ft. No. 2018. 


36. I. dendroides Jacq. Ic. Pl. Rar. iii. t. 571 (1786—1793) ; 
Jacq. Coll. ii. p. 357 (1788) ; Baker, .c., p. 100. 

Anil(a) dendrodes O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 939. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—A slender much-branched herb or undershrub, 
2 ft. high, with a broom-like ramification ; branchlets rather patent ; 
general appearance of a species of Phyllanthus. Sporadic, on the more 


elevated sparingly-grassy slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto 
Queta ; fl. and young fr. 19 March 1856. No. 2043. 


37. I. viscidissima Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 100. 
Anil(a) viscidissima O. Kuntze, l.e., p. 940. 
Hviiia.—An erect herb, with several stems from a woody rootstock 


Indigofera | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 217 


very densely beset nearly all over with stalked glands, and very viscid; 
flowers at first scarlet, soon turning purple, very fugacious. Sporadic, 
along the bushy skirts of forests composed of Parinarz, near Cazenda; 
fl. without ripe fr. beginning of April 1860, at an elevation of 5000 ft. 
No. 2042. 


38. I. sutherlandioides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 
mp. LOL: 
Anil(a) sutherlandiodes O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 940. 


Hviitia.—A herb, the most beautiful of the genus in Angola, with 
the habit of a Sutherlandia ; rootstock woody, persisting ; stems erect, 
1 to 2 ft. high ; flowers dark-purple ; calyx short, cup-shaped, 5-toothed, 
teeth deltoid ; standard very shortly clawed ; wings much shorter than 
the ample keel, which is shortly and obtusely spurred on both sides ; 
anthers acutely apiculate ; pods sub-compressed, glabrous, dark-purple, 
13 in. long, transversely septate. On rocky, rather dry, and sparingly 
bushy hills above Ferrao da Sola; fl. Jan. 1860. Also in wooded bushy 
places near the great lake of Ivantéla, between it and Quilengues ; 
fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 2012. 

Occurs also at Caconda, where it was gathered by Anchieta in Oct. 1880. 


39. I. anabaptista Steud. Nomencl. Bot., edit. 2, i. p. 805 (1840). 
I. Hochstettert Baker,l.c., p. 101. Anél(a) Hochstetteri O. Kuntze, 
4.¢., p. 939. A. anabaptizata O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 938. 


LoanpDA.—Frequent in both dry and moist sandy places ; leaves 
3- or 5-foliate ; flowers sometimes viviparous. Morro das Lagostas ; fl. 
Jan. 1854, fr. Feb. Boa Vista; fl. and fr. 10 August 1854. No. 4137. 
Fl. and young fr. Nov. 1858. No. 4138. Fl. and fr. No. 4139. An 
annual herb ; stem and branches prostrate-ascending ; the adult plant 
furnished with stinging hairs ; pods much compressed. Abundant, in 
the very dry sandy sparingly grassy parts of Praia de Zamba Grande ; 
fl. 16 Jan. 1859. Morro das Lagostas; fr. March 1856. No. 4140. 
An elongated form with elongated interrupted racemes, in poor fl. and 
fr. No. 4141. 

MossAMEDES.—A prostrate herbaceous-green annual herb, with small 
bright blood-red fugacious flowers, in sandy places near the river Bero; 
fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859. An annual herb, with stems spread 
in an orbicular manner and pale violet flowers, in sandy sparingly 
grassy places by the river Bero, near Quipola ; rare fl. and fr. August 
1859. A unique specimen with root woody as thick as the little finger, 
stems 13 ft. long spread out into a circle, and pale violet flowers ; in 
sandy places of the river Caroca near Cabo Negro, in a pit nearly dried 
up, in company with Hyphaene benguellensis Welw. and a species of 
Arundo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 4142. 


40. I. aspera Perr. ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 229 (1825); Baker, l.c., 
p. 102. 
Anil(a) aspera O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 938. 


MossaMEDES.—A bright-green herb ; stem and leaves rather rough; 
flowers rose-red ; pods flattened. In damp sands near the mouth of 
the river Giratl ; fl. and young fr. July 1859. No. 2036. An annual 
herb, apparently, if adult, prostrate ; stem, as well as the trifoliolate 
leaves, rather rough ; flowers scarlet, when dried blue-purple. In moist 
sandy places at the banks of the river Bero; fl. 14 August 1859. 
No. 20360. 


218 XLIV. LEGUMINOS2. | Indigofera 


There is another Jndigofera in the collection, perhaps a new 
species, represented by imperfect specimens :— 

AmpacaA.—An undershrub, about 9 in. high, with the habit of a 
Lotus ; stem much branched, hard and woody at the base; leaves. 
pinnate, hoary-silky (fruit # to 1} in. long, linear, slightly hairy outside, 
turning black, straight, erect or ascending, on short pedicels, arranged 
in axillary racemes 1 to 2 in. long, exceeding the leaves). In fields. 
near N’gombe ; fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4136. Cou. Carp. 391. 


10. SYLITRA EH. Mey.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 496. 
1. §. angolensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 103. 


Huvi_ia.—An erect slender rather rigid undershrub, 1 ft. high ; stem 
and branches niveo-tomentellous, flexuous at the nodes; leaves sub- 
pinnately (almost or quite digitately) trifoliolate ; stipules subulate ; 
leaflets linear-lanceolate, pallid, rather rigid, glabrous above, hoary- 
strigulose but soft to the touch beneath; flowers axillary, solitary, 
very shortly pedunculate, small, yellow, bibracteolate ; calyx tubular- 
campanulate, cleft two-thirds way down in a bilabiate manner, upper 
lobes connate higher up than the others, all acuminate, almost as long 
as the tube ; petals all clawed; standard obovate-spathulate, narrowed 
gradually from the middle into the claw, longer than the keel, about 
equalling or a little exceeding the wings; wings narrow, auriculate, 
longer than and scarcely adhering to the moderately incurved erostrate 
keel ; stamens all connate in a tube cleft above; anthers uniform, 
rather small, congregated around the capitate stigma; ovary shortly 
and rather broadly stipitate ; style rather short, a little curved, nearly 
glabrous, gradually narrowed towards the stigma; pod oblong, com- 
pressed, membranous, 4-6-seeded ; seeds separated by very thin septa. 


In gravelly places by the river Maiombo; one specimen fl. and fr. 
June 1860. No. 4124. 


11. CRACCA L. Fl. Zeyl. p. 139 (1747); L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, 


p. 752 (1753); non Medic. nec Benth. Tephrosia Pers. (1807); 
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 496. 


1. C. acaciefolia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 174 (1891). 


Tephrosia acaciefolia Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 106. 


PunGco ANDONGO.—An erect undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with purple 
flowers. At the sandy margins of forests between Bumba and Condo, 


in company with a species of Protea; fl. and young fr. March 1857. 
No. 2071. 


2. C. melanocalyx O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 

Tephrosia melanocalyxa Welw. ex Baker, .c., p. 106. 

Hui1LtiA.—Rootstock thick, many-headed, perennial; stems prostrate 
in all directions ; branches ascending; leaves (phyllodia) simple, 
rather glabrous ; flowers in the living state brilliantly scarlet. On 
rich grassy somewhat sandy and stony meadows, along the borders of 
forests in the neighbourhood of Proteacez, on the road from Lopollo 
to Monino; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. . No. 2072. 


3. C. levigata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia levigata Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 107. 


Hviitia.—Perennial ; stems prostrate-ascending, slender, with 


Cracca| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 219 


crowded small branches ; leaves trifoliolate or, especially those of the 
top-brartches, simple ; leaflets with cartilaginous margins; flowers 
pale-purple. On grassy shortly-bushy hills in the Lopollo country 
from Ferrio da Sola in the direction of Jiu; in young fl. and fr. 
beginning of April 1860. No. 2074. 


4. C. lupulinifolia 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia lupinifolia DC. Prodr. ii. p. 255 (1825); Baker, /.c., 
p. 107. 


AMBRIZzZ.—On the drier sea-sands, between Ambriz and Mossul ; not 
yet in full fl. Nov. 1853. No. 2076. 


Var. digitata (7. digitata DC., l.c.). 


LoanpbA.—Calyx-teeth from an ovate base gradually subulate- 
acuminate ; standard nearly orbicular, emarginate, not appendaged ; 
upper filament free at the base and at the base of the anther, adhering 
at the middle ; ovary linear-oblong, 6-8-ovuled ; at Teba Feb. 1854. 
On sandy hills between Teba and Cacuaco; fl. and fr. Feb. 1854. 
No. 2077. 

This species supplies the blue dye of the negroes of the Congo, 
according to Dr. Daniell. 


5. C. disperma O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia disperma Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 108. 


MossaMEDES.—<An annual silky-hoary herb; stems slender, branched, 
several from the same crown of the root, prostrate in all directions ; 
stipules subulate ; leaves pinnate, usually 7- more rarely 9-foliolate ; 
the lower leaflets gradually smaller, the old terminal one twice as long 
as any of the others, broadly linear, all apiculate; peduncles leaf- 
opposed or the earliest ones almost radical, ranging up to 1 ft. in 
length, very slender, bearing distant flowers; pedicels capillary, two 
together in the axil of a subulate bract, a little longer than the flowers; 
flowers purple, small, very fugacious ; calyx-teeth subequal, acuminate; 
standard orbicular, pubescent outside, embracing the wings and petals 
of the keel, with a short rather broad almost deltoid claw ; vexillary 
stamen quite free, adhering to the claw of the standard; anthers 
globose, versatile, uniform ; ovary sessile, silky-pilose, 2-ovuled ; style 
flattened, scarcely cartilaginous, nearly naked, bent at the apex together 
with the thinly papillose stigma ; pods about 3 in. long, rather com- 
pressed, attenuate at the base, obliquely beaked at the apex, 2-seeded, 
seeds transversely oblong, sculptured. On sand-hills along the sea- 
coast, between Praia da Amelia and Cabo Negro; fl. and fr. 8 July 
1859. No. 2095. 


6. C. capillipes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
Tephrosia capillipes Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 108. 


Loanpa.—An annual herb, erect or sometimes decumbent or ascend- 
ing, somewhat silky-hoary, very soft and pretty flaccid ; stems slender, 
oblique or diffuse ; branches spreading, slender ; leaflets both in the 
living and dried states shining with a silvery gloss; flowers rose- 
purple, usually only the lower ones of the racemes well developed, the 
upper ones being poor or quite sterile. Very common, on grassy hills 
and in rather poor exposed fields around the city of Loanda ; fl. and 
fr. from Dec. to April and May; Imbondeiro dos Lobos Dec. 1853 ; 
Alto das Cruzes Jan, and March 1854 ; Museque de Luiz Gomes in 
May 1858. No. 2094. 


220 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ Cracca 


7. C. Vogelii O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 

Tephrosia Vogeliit Hook. fil. ex Hook. f. & Benth. in Hook. 
Niger Fl. p. 296 (1849); Welw. Apont. p. 586 n. 28 (1859); 
Baker, l.c., p. 110; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 130 (1884). 

T. inebrians Welw. Apont. p. 573, sub n. 174, 92. 


GoLtunco ALTo.—A shrub, 4 to 9 ft. high, or occasionally a small 
very elegant tree 7 to 9 ft. high, with slender trunk naked at the base 
and rather broad crown ; branches rather patent, crowded, elongated ; 
flowers sometimes milk-white, at other times brilliant violet-purple ; 
pods straight, pendulous, of two colours when young, brown-tomentose. 
The leaves when a little bruised are thrown into the rivers to stupefy 
fish ; the fish caught in this manner are wholesome. In sandy thickets 
throughout the district especially between Trombeta and Cambondo, 
and in other places near Sange, and by crops in Sob. de Mussengue ; 
also occasionally cultivated for catching fish ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854 
and Jan. and May 1855. Native name ‘‘ Cafoto.” No. 2092. CoLt. 
Carp. 379. 

Pungo ANDOoNGo.—A very beautiful little tree or tall shrub. 
Spontaneous and cultivated throughout nearly the whole district. 
Spontaneous near the cataract of Condo ; fl. and fr. March and April 
1857. Native name “Calembe.” No. 2093. Cou. Carp. 154 and 380. 


8. C. rigidula O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia rigidula Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 112. 


Hvuiitia.—A _ suffruticose herb, rigid and firm throughout ; stem 
straight or obliquely sub-flexuous ; leaflets 7 to 15, acute or obtuse 
and mucronate; racemes leaf-opposed or quasi-terminal; flowers 
violet-coloured ; pods pilose. In rather bushy pastures with tall 
herbage at Varzeas de Catumba ; fi. and fr. May 1860. No. 2106. 


9. C. barbigera O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
Tephrosia barbigera Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 113. 


GoLunco ALTo.—An ascending annual herb, 1 to 4 ft. high ; calyx 
densely pilose, the lower tooth twice as long as the rest and on the 
lower surface bearded with usually longer very crowded hairs which 
are directed downwards; petals very caducous; standard brown- 
tomentellous outside, purplish inside ; wings brilliantly purple ; keel 
whitish at the back, pale-violet in other parts. Frequent but not 
abundant on tall-grassy slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, 
in company with species of Gladiolus and Hypoxidee ; fl. and young 
fr. March 1856. No. 2096. 

Punco ANponGo.—An annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, erect or ascend- 
ing ; the angular stem, the branches and petioles as well as the pods 
softly shaggy; flowers brilliant purple-violet. In the dry exposed 
sandy parts of forests near the cataract of Condo of the river Cuanza ; 
fl. and nearly ripe fr. March 1857. No. 2097. 


Var. (?) Bakeriana. 

Tephrosia nana, var. B. angolensis Baker, l.c., p. 110. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An annual herb, erect or mostly ascending at 
the base ; flowers violet-coloured ; pods shaggy-velvety, thickened at 
the black margin, about 12-seeded. In sandy pastures at the banks 
of the rivulet Luxillo, behind the fortress, rather sparingly ; fl. and fr. 


April 1857. No. 2100. Welwitsch regarded this as an autumn form 
of No. 2096. 


Cracca | XLIV, LEGUMINOS2. 221 


10. C.oxygonaO. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.i. p. 175 (1891) (oxygera). 
Tephrosia oxygona Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 114. 


MossaMEepEs.—An erect undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, dispersedly and 
sparingly branched, with glaucous indumentum and habit nearly of 
Indigofera ; stem cylindrical; leaflets 15 to 21, obovate-cuneate, 
emarginate, rather fleshy in the living state ; stipules broadly lanceo- 
late ; racemes elongated, usually a foot long, leaf-opposed and quasi- 
terminal ; rachis very acutely 2- or 3-angular, occasionally sub-alate, 
2-edged ; flowers violet-purple. In sandy thickets along the banks of 
the river Bero ; fl.and young fr. beginning of August 1859. No. 2104. 
A perennial rock-herb or undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high, decumbent, 
glaucous-pruinose throughout, hard, slightly fleshy, brittle; stems 
several from a thick rootstock, oblique or decumbent, acutely angular 
above, hoary-pruinose with highly appressed hairs ; stipules linear- 
lanceolate, rather thick ; leaflets about 7, oblanceolate-oblong, 3 to 13 
by 4 to tin. ; pod (unique) recurved-subfalcate, 23 in. long, } in. broad, 
scattered with short appressed hairs. Rare, at the red-sandy rocks 
called Boca do Rio Bero ; ripe fr., the older and longer stems (2 ft.) 
already dead, July 1859. Determination doubtful. No. 2110. 


11. C. secunda O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 

Tephrosia secunda Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 115. 

Pungo ANpDoNGO.—An erect undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high; stem 
somewhat angular; leaflets secund in the living state, narrowed 
at the base ; bracts lanceolate-subulate ; flowers violet-coloured ; in 
wooded sandy meadows between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and young 
fr. March 1857. No. 2107. In sandy places with tall and scattered 
bushes near Banza do Soba Quitage ; with ripe fr. and sparingly fl. 
March 1857. No. 2108. 


12. C. bracteolata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
Tephrosia bracteolata Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. Tent. (i.) p. 194 
(1832); Baker, l.c., p. 116. 


CAZENGO.—F lowers violet-coloured ; standard purple ; wings trans- 
versely rugose. In sandy-stony places with scanty bush, on poor soil, 
between Caculo and Dalatanda, at an elevation of about 1800 ft.; 
sparingly fl. and in young fr. June 1855. No. 2109. 


13. C. andongensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
Tephrosia andongensis Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 116. 
Pungo ANDONGO.—An erect undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, with purple 


flowers. In sandy thickets on the right bank of the river Cuanza, 
between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. March 1857. No. 2070. 


14. C. dimorphophylla O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 

Tephrosia dimorphophylla Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 116. 

HuiLtita.—A herb, 3 ft. high; stem erect or oblique ;. branches 
elongated, patent-ascending, usually 2 ft. long; leaves sometimes 
simple, sometimes on one and the same branch trifoliolate ; flowers 
dark-purple. In the wooded meadows of Monino, but observed in 
only one place ; fl. end of March 1860. No. 2073. 


15. C. elegans O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175.° 
Tephrosia elegans Schum. Guin. Pl. p. 376 (1827); Baker, d.c., 
p. 13, 


GoLtunGco ALtTo,—An erect silky-white undershrub, 2 to 23 ft. high ; 


222 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Cracca 


lower leaves 5-foliolate, upper leaves 3-foliolate ; flowers sessile, yel- 
lowish, at first whitish. On the grassy drier slopes of the higher ranges 
of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, but only in a few places ; 
fl. and unripe fr. end of March 1856. No. 2086. 

Pounco ANDONGO.——In the thickets of sandy woods between Lombe 
and Quibinda ; fl. and young fr. March 1857. No. 2088. 


16. C. dasyphylla O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
- Tephrosia dasyphylla Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 118. 


Punco ANDONGO.—In the exposed sandy parts of forests near 
Sansamanda; fr. May 1857. Unique specimen. A narrow-leaved 
form. No. 2085. 

Hviiia.—A perennial herb; rootstock very thickly woody ; stems 
erect, simple or with spreading branches ; leaves trifoliolate, rarely 
5-foliolate, thick but not fleshy; flowers violet-coloured. Not un- 
common, in bushy sandy-stony rather dry places, in the descent from 
Morro de Lopollo in the direction of Ferrao da Sola, in company with 
Clematis chrysocarpa Welw. (Herb. No. 1222) ; fl. and fr. April 1860. 
No. 2084. Morro de Lopollo, towards Humpata, in sparingly bushy 
places ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 20840. 


17. C. cephalantha O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
Tephrosia cephalantha Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 119. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—Stem erect, flexuous; flowers violet-coloured, 
at first whitish, few together in a head. On grassy slopes at the foot 
of the Serra called Pedras de Guinga; fi. and fr. end of March 1857. 
No. 2089. 

Huitia.—An elegant erect undershrub, 1 to 15 ft. high; leaflets 
3 to 5; stipules acute, spreading, turning black; flowers violet-coloured, 
crowded at the extremities of the stem and branches. In bushy stony 
(mica schist) rather elevated places in Morro de Lopollo ; fi. and ripe 
fr. April 1860. No. 2087. 


Var. £. decumbens (Welw. ex Baker, /.c.). 

Hurwia.—A little undershrub, patently branched from the several- 
headed rootstock, 6 in. high ; branches sub-decumbent ; stipules from 
a broad base with a long almost subulate acumen ; flowers pale-violet. 
Sparingly, on rather dry shortly-bushy hills, from Ferrao da Sola in 
the direction of Jau, gathered while reconnoitring ; fl. and fr. end of 
March 1860. No. 2090. 


18. C. linearis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175. 

Tephrosia linearis Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 330 (1807); Baker, Lc., 
p. 120. | 

Ampriz.—An erect undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, virgately branched 
above ; leaflets usually 5; flowers violet-coloured. On stony wooded 
hills on the road from Mossul to Libongo, when fleeing from negro- 
robbers; fl. and ripe fr. Nov. 1853, at an elevation of about 300 ft. 


No. 2101. 
Gotunco Aro. Without special locality or notes. Leafy branch. 


No. 4152. 


19. C. longipes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia longipes Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. ii. p. 87 
(1843); Baker, l.c., p. 120. 


Cracca| XLIV, LEGUMINOS#. 223 


HuiLia.—A suffrutescent slender herb, 2 ft. high. Stipules rigid, 
setaceous, persistent, + in. long; leaflets 3 to 9, opposite, narrowly 
linear, rather rigid, narrowed toward both ends, mucronate, shortly 
petiolulate, 13 to 32in.; common petiole ranging up to 12 in. ; racemes 
axillary and terminal, pedunculate or sessile, 6 to 18 in. long (including 
the peduncle), angular ; bract small and setaceous or the lower ones 
sometimes foliaceous ; pedicels equalling the calyx ; upper calyx-teeth 
setaceous, equalling or longer than the tube; corolla 3 in., violet- 
coloured ; style bearded ; pods 23 to 3 in. long, nearly straight, shortly 
tomentose ; seeds 9 to 11. Frequent in the shortly bushy parts of 
the forest between Catumba and Hay, but at the time of gathering 
almost entirely destroyed by sheep ; a few specimens fl. and fr. April 
1860. No. 2105. 


20. C. radicans O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia radicans Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 121. 


Huitia.—A perennial herb, with aspect of a Medicago; rootstock 
thick, many-headed ; stems 2 to 3 ft. long, prostrate, much branched, 
rooting ; flowers purple ; pods broadly oblong, } in. long, 2- or few- 
seeded. In damp meadows, about the mounds formed by a large kind 
of ant, near Varzeas de Catumba; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 2082. 


21. C. huillensis O, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia huillensis Welw. ex Baker, J.c., p. 121. 


Huitia.—A decumbent-ascending undershrub ; stems flexuous ; 
internodes usually rather distant ; leaves 3-5-jugate; petioles 1 to 
13in. long ; stipules broadly lanceolate, elongate-acuminate, persistent ; 
racemes terminal or in the axils of the upper leaves ; bracts like the 
stipules, comose when young, persistent ; flowers violet-coloured. In 
bushy pastures near Nene; fl. Oct. 1859, fr. Feb. 1860. No. 2102. 


Var. B. grandiflora (Baker, /.c.). 


HvILua.—Pod more densely shaggy. In wooded meadows around 
the great lake of Ivantala, along the road leading to Quilengues ; fl. 
and fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 2108. 


22. C. paniculata O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 175 (1891). 
Tephrosia paniculata Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 122. 


PunGco ANnpDoNGo.—A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, very patently branched ; 
leaflets 5 or 7, elongate-elliptical, velvety on both sides ; flowers purple ; 
racemes axillary, crowded, arranged in a panicle. In stony places with 
tall herbage, near Mupopo, at the river Cuanza, in company with 
Dolichos elatus Welw. Herb. No. 2075b. Not at all common; fl. April 
1857. No. 2075. Quitage forests; fl. No. 4114. 


23. C. villosa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 752 (1753). 
Tephrosia villosa Pers, Syn. Pl. ii. p. 329(1807); Baker, l.c., p.122. 


Var. incana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 174 (1891). 
T. incana Graham in Wall. List, n. 5644; Baker, l.c., p. 123. 


Loanpda,—An annual suffrutescent herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, silvery- 
silky, very beautiful, sometimes forming a large undershrub ; branches 
spreading ; leaflets in 6 to 8 pairs, with an odd one; flowers deep 
violet-purple. Mostly soon decaying without leaving a trace behind. 
In grassy places around stagnant pools full in summer and drying up 
in winter, above the city of Loanda; Museque Schut, etc.; fl. April 
to June 1858 and with abundance of ripe fr. No. 2091. 


224 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Cracea 


24. C. coronilloides. 
Tephrosia coronilloides Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 123. 


Puneo ANDonGo.—An undershrub, 2 to 23 ft. high, branched in a 
distorted manner, with the habit of a Coronilla ; flowers bright scarlet, 
fugacious ; frequent, in sandy bushy places on the right bank of the 
river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; fl. middle of Dec. 1856, fl. and fr. 
May 1857. No. 2080. 

Bumso.—In fields after cultivation of Arachis hypogea L., on a 
sandy soil of mica-schist, near Bumbo, at the base of the mountains of 
Serra da Xella; fr. and sparingly fl. Oct. 1859. No. 2081. 


25. C. decora. 
Tephrosia decora Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 123. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A suffruticose herb, sometimes annual, or an 
undershrub ; stem erect, 14 ft. high, simple at the base, flexuous and 
with spreading branches above, densely and patently shaggy ; leaflets 
7 to 13, almost like leaves of Ledum, bright green and densely striate 
above, silvery-silky beneath ; stipules filiform-subulate from the base, 
+ In. long ; bracts filiform ; flowers violet-coloured ; calyx-teeth subu- 
late, twice as long as the tube, spreading ; racemes almost strigulose. In 
bushy places at the margins of forests between Lombe and Candumhba, 
plentiful only in one spot; fl. and young fr. March 1857. No. 2098. 


26. ©. drepanocarpa. 
Tephrosia drepanocarpa Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 124. 


Hvuiiia.—A prostrate or decumbent, perennial herb, with the habit 
of a Vicia ; stems elongated, decumbent-ascending ; flowers rose-purple, 
sometimes dark purple; upper teeth of the calyx connate rather 
high ; standard orbicular, silky outside ; vexillary stamen free at the 
base and at the apex; sheath of the filaments minutely auriculate 
on both sides at the base ; style flattened, subcartilaginous ; pod sub- 
falcate. In exposed sandy pastures, inundated at the time of gathering, 
about ant-hills ; frequent, from Lopollo towards Catumba and Ferrao 
da Sola ; fl. and nearly ripe fr. Jan., Feb., and April 1860. No. 2088. 


27, C. purpurea L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 752 (1753). 
Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 329 (1807); Baker, /.c., 
p. 124. 


Punco ANDONGO.—In shortly bushy rather sandy pastures on the 
right bank of the river Cuanza, near Mupopo ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 
1856. No. 2099. 


Var. 8. pubescens (Baker, J.c., p. 125). 7. lineata Schum, é& 
Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. p. 376 (1827). 


Loanpa.—An erect herb, branched from the base ; branches at 
length elongated, patent-decumbent ; flowers red; frequent along 
roadsides and in sandy hilly fields from Alto das Cruzes as far as 
Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1854. No. 2078. A biennial (?) 
herb ; stem branched from the base ; branches more or less prostrate- 
ascending and as well as the leaves hoary-silky ; flowers small, purplish 
or rose-purple. Frequent, in sandy spaces near the city of Loanda to 
the south, Museque de Luiz Gomes ; fl. and fr. June 1858. No. 4131. 
Flowers rose-purple ; in the grassy thickets of Boa Vista ; Feb. 1858. 
Possibly belonging to this variety, but perhaps a different species. 
No. 4130. An undershrub or a prostrate apparently annual herb ; 
stems 14 to 3 ft., bright brown and white-striate ; branches spreading, 


Cracca| XLIV, LEGUMINOS. 225 


very crowded, at length almost nodding ; branchlets ascending ; flowers 
solitary or very rarely two together, axillary, at first yellowish-white, 
afterwards violet-purple, in time nearly red ; pods secund ; the whole 
plant hairy with soft spreading hairs, only appressed on the lower 
surfaces of the leaflets; rather rare, in dry sterile sandy maritime 
rocky places, at Praia de Zamba Grande; fl. and fr. 16 Jan. 1859. 
Doubifully placed here, but may be a distinct species ; it differs from 
the usual character by the short and axillary inflorescence and by the 
more tomentose pod. No. 4133. An erect much-branched shrub, 13 
to 3 ft. high; branches patent, herbaceous; leaves imparipinnate, 
silky ; flowers sessile or subsessile, violet-purple; pods constantly 
secund, In rocky maritime stations at Praia de Zamba Grande ; 
fl. and fr. 1 Jan. 1859. Agrees with No. 4133. Cou. Carp. 381. A 
herb; root persisting for several years; stems prostrate, branched ; 
branchlets ascending ; flowers white, more rarely purplish ; calyx, 
especially on the face of the linear-elongated segments, furnished with 
long pilose hairs ; pods more pilose than in the variety with purple 
flowers ; promiscuously with the variety referred to, in sandy bushy 
places near Maianga de El Rei; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1858. No. 4132. 
A herb; rootstock many-headed, perennial (?); stems prostrate- 
ascending, woody-tenacious and purplish at the base, much branched ; 
flowers purple ; very abundant in sandy shortly-bushy hills throughout 
the Loanda country, especially near Maiongo de El Rei; fl. and fr. 
end of Dec. 1858. No. 4132). A prostrate-ascending herb ; flowers 
rose-coloured. At Maiango do Povo; fl. and fr. June 1858. In some 
specimens of this the racemes are axillary, very short and with few 
flowers. No, 4134. 

AmBaca.—A prostrate herb, apparently annual or biennial. In fields 
of Manihot utilissima Pohl, near N-gombe ; fr. and very few fl. Oct. 
1856. No. 2079. 


12. MUNDULEA Benth.: Benth & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 497. 


1. M. suberosa Benth. in Miq. Pl. Jungh. p. 248 (1852); Baker 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 126. 


MossaAMEDES.—A. small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, patently branched ; 
flowers violet-purple, arranged in conical racemes. Sparingly in 
thickets at the banks of the river Bero, near Cavalheiros ; in late fl. 
and in fr. beginning of June 1859. No.1844. An arborescent shrub or 
small tree, with the habit of a Sophora or Millettia ; flowers violaceous, 
spicate-racemose ; pod linear, stipitate, compressed, occasionally con- 
stricted, tomentose. In sandy thickets at the banks of the river Bero, 
in company with thorny plants ; fr. July 1859. Cou. Carp. 468. 


13. MILLETTIA Wight & Arn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
p. 498. 

1. M. Griffoniana Baill. in Adans. vi. p. 222 (1866). 

M. Thonningit Baker in Oliv. FJ. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 128. Phaseo- 
lodes Thonningu O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 202 (1891). 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A small tree, 10 to 20 ft. high, with the habit of 
a Fraxinus or Robinia, evergreen ; trunk tortuous, 9 to 12 in. in diam. ; 
crown rather lax ; leaves odd-pinnate ; leaflets moderately coriaceous 
but rigid, glossy above, pale-subglaucous beneath; flowers of a deep- 
rose colour, inodorous, arranged in axillary cylindric-clavate, nodding, 
obtuse, gradually acuminate racemes longer than the leaves; calyx 


15 


226 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Millettia 


brown-black outside, whitish with purple lines inside ; corolla violet- 
coloured ; standard broadly obcordate, with a rather broad channelled 
claw which is sinuous-plicate at the base of the lamina; wings with 
two unequal feet at the base, adhering to the keel ; petals of the keel 
combined ; stamens 10, 5 taller than the rest, diadelphous, all fertile, 
the vexillary one free and geniculate at the base ; ovary sessile, linear, 
rather compressed, pilose, many-ovuled ; style glabrous, bent at a right 
angle above ; stigma penicillate-capitate, yellow. On the slopes of the 
mountains between Bango and Quilombo Quiacatubia ; fl. May and — 
June 1855; in the secondary woods in the direction of the river 
Luinha (when a shrub rarely flowering) ; sparingly in fl. June 1856 ; 
fr. Sept. and Jan. 1855. Cf. Lichen n. 201b. No. 1860. A small 
tree, very rarely as much as 25 ft. high, usually 15 to 20 ft. high, not 
rarely a shrub of 6 ft., but then not flowering ; crown very frondose, 
dilated ; branches spreading, the lower ones very much so ; flowers 
very bright violet-purple ; pod 7? in. long by 14 broad. Sporadic, in 
the primitive forests of the lower mountains of Queta Central ; also 
on the bushy slopes of Alto Queta towards the river Luinha ; fl. July 
1856, in nearly ripe fr. Oct. 1855. One of the most beautiful plants 
of the family. Cf. Fungus n. 223. No. 1861. 

CazENGO.—A small tree with an ample crown. A sort of “ Mutala- 
menha.”’ At the margins of woods, between the left bank of the river 
Luinha and Serra de Muxaitilo ; fl. June 1855. No. 1862. 

Baillon, /.c., describes the calyx as quite glabrous, but in our speci- 
mens it is somewhat velvety. Thonning describes the pedicels as 
bibracteolate at the middle instead of the base, and the standard as 
silky-pubescent outside instead of glabrous. 


The following No. should be compared with this species :— 


Loanpa.—An erect shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, with numerous stems (or 
the fresh growth of a mutilated tree ?). In thickets on a poor soil, 
between Quicuje and Mutollo, sporadic ; leafy branchlets without fi. 
May 1854, No. 1848. 


2. M. drastica Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 128; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 132 (1884). 
Phaseolodes drasticum O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 202. 


Gotunco ALTo.—A small tree, 7 to 15 ft. high, or oftener a shrub 
of 6 to 8 ft., with ample crown and habit of a Fraxinus ; wood very 
strong and sturdy, employed for making excellent [char-]coal ; leaves 
glaucous ; flowers of a pale or deep violet colour ; pods effectually 
and promptly purgative when the decoction is taken in a tepid state. 
Native names “ Ditenda ” or ‘‘ Quitenda”’ or “ pseudo-Mogumba.” In 
high thickets and in the more open woods at the margins of streams, 
around Canguerasange, Quilombo, Bango, etc., rather common ; fi. 
Oct. 1854 and March 1855, fr. 3 Jan. 1855 and Sept. 1856. No. 1856. 
A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, or in secondary thickets a shrub of 
6 to 8 ft., very elegant, with patent and rambling branches ; flowers 
of a deep violet-rose colour, turning to purple when older; rachis of 
the racemes rigid. On the rather dry bushy slopes of the mountains 
of Serra de Alto Queta, between Zengas and Carrengue ; fl. August 
1855. No. 1856). Sange, at the Residency; fr. A form with acute 
leaflets. A decoction of the pods is used as a drastic purge. CoLL. 
Carp. 382. A bush, with racemose-paniculate purplish-rose flowers ; 
at the Residency, fr. Sept. 1856. CoLu. Carp. 466. 

CazenGo.—A small much-branched tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, or in 
secondary thickets a shrub; leaflets glaucescent ; racemes elegant, 


Millettia | XLIV, LEGUMINOS&, 227 


crowded, 5 to 12, at the extremity of the branches ; flowers of a violet 
colour. On high-bushy slopes of the mountains of Serra de Muxaiilo ; 
fl. June 1855. Native names “ Mutala menha” and “ Mutala-menha 
va ofele.” No. 1857. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A small tree ; trunk scarcely 3 in. in diameter ; 
crown dilated ; branches patent; rachis of the racemes thick, very 
rigid ; flowers lilac-purple, handsome. In the rocky secondary woods 
of the fortress, near Catete, not frequent; fl. Jan., fr. April 1857; 
‘ pseudo-Quisectia.” No. 1858. 


3. M. gracilis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 129. 

Milletia (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 46, n. 126, pro parte (1862). 
Phaseolodes gracile O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 202. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A small tree rarely if ever 8 to 10 ft. high, usually 
a shrub of 3 to 6 ft., with a more slender habit than usual in this 
genus ; rachis of the racemes very slender ; flowers violet-coloured ; 
corolla sometimes rather small, at other times nearly double the size. 
Sporadic, in the higher thickets of the mountains of Serra de Alto 
Queta ; fl. March 1855. No. 1854. An erect shrub, 5 ft. high; at 
Capopa, at the margins of forests ; without fl. June 1856. No. 18540. 

AMBACA.—A small tree 8 to 12 ft. high, or in secondary thickets 
a little shrub of 2 to 3 ft., erect, elegant ; crown hemispherical ; leaves 
deciduous at the time of flowering ; leaflets glaucous-green ; flowers of 
a deep violet-rose colour. In thickets at the skirts of the forests of 
Praia Cacarambola, and around Pamba (N-gombe) and Zanga, also near 
Cabinde ; fl. middle of Oct. 1856 ; in leaf and young fr. June 1857 ; fr. 
Sept. 1856 ; at an elevation of 3000 ft. Always sporadic. No. 1855. 


4. M. versicolor Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 129; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 132 (1884). 

Robiniacea, Welw. Synopse, p. 15, sub n. 37 (1862). Phaseo- 
lodes versicolor O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 202. 

GoLuNGoO ALTO.—A shrub of 2 to 7 ft., or more rarely in the 
primitive forests a small tree of 12 to 20 ft. : crown globular ; branches 
erect or sub-erect ; flowers racemose-paniculate, terminal, variegated, 
shining outside with a brown-golden indumentum ; standard brown- 
golden-red, whitish inside ; wings and keel violet-purple sometimes 
almost violet-blue ; pods always dehiscing when fully ripe though 
much thickened along the upper and usually also along the lower 
sutural edge. Not uncommon, in bushy places at the skirts of the 
primitive forests throughout the district, from Trombeta as far as 
Sange ; fl. March and April, fr. Jan. and June 1855 and March 1856, 
flower-bud Sept. 1854. Native name “Muzumbo,” “ Muzumbe,” 
‘““Muzumba,” or “ Mussumbo.” No. 1859. Certainly the first and 
probably the other four of the following Nos. :—Couu. Carp. 383, 
384, 392, 393, and 465. 

Muzumba is a handsome tree occurring in rather dry situations in 
the eastern mountainous parts of the province; the wood is justly 
reputed as one of the most beautiful, strong and durable; and the 
inner bark is generally made available for ties in the construction 
of the huts (cubatas) of the natives ; so strong is this wood that the 
negroes often employ it instead of iron nails to pin chests together and 
other domestic utensils. (See Welw. Synopse, p. 15 n. 37.) 


The following also apparently belongs to this species :— 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A small tree, with red-cinnamon tomentose pani- 
culate papilionaceous flowers ; on the road from Cambondo to the 


228 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Millettia 


banks of the Luinha, fl. Dec. and Jan.; nearly ripe fr. Cou. 
Carp. 459. 


5. M. urophylla Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii, p. 129. 
Phaseolodes urophyllum O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 202. 


GoLuNnGco ALTo.—A robust arborescent twining shrub, climbing to 
a great height, rambling over the crowns of trees, 5 to 6 ft. high in the 
thickets, 20 to 30 ft. high in the dense forests, in open ground standing 
as a little shrub, evergreen ; trunk 2 to 23 in. diam., more rarely 33 to 
4 in.; leaves, according to Welwitsch, resembling those of the tree 
“Mucumba”’; flowers about $ in. long, of a deep violet-rose colour ; 
calyx bibracteolate at the base, velvety, shining with a golden-tawny 
gloss, sub-bilabiate-campanulate ; upper lip somewhat bidentate ; 
lower lip tridentate ; corolla regularly papilionaceous, more or less of 
a rose colour; standard ovate-rounded, clawed, pubescent and sordid 
whitish-yellow outside, rose-coloured and spotted with green above the 
claw inside ; wings of a deep rose colour, with a long claw, partly 
adhering to the keel; keel-petals free up to the middle, cohering 
towards the apex where the keel is puberulous with golden-tawny 
pilose hairs, in other respects altogether rose-coloured ; stamens 10, 
much thickened and of a deep blood-purple colour at the base, in other 
parts white ; the vexillary stamen free, the 9 other stamens connate in 
a half cylinder curved upwards at the apex, all fertile ; ovary sessile, 
girt by a disk of moderate size, compressed, appressed-hairy, falcate ; 
ovules several ; pods very similar to those of Aillettia versicolor Welw., 
and as in them promptly dehiscing when fully ripe. Frequent in the 
primitive forests around Sange and Mussengue, etc. ; fl. March, Oct. 
and Nov. 1855, fr. Nov. and Dec. 1855. No. 1851. 


The following No. should be compared with this species, and 
with M. macrophylla Benth. in Hook. Ic. t. 788-9 (1848), a species 
which much resembles the former and may perhaps be identical 
with it :-— 

GoLtunGco ALTo.—A shrub as tall as a man, perhaps becoming sub- 
sequently a tree; leaves evergreen, chartaceous, glossy and deep-green 
above, whitish almost silvery-shining beneath, very delicately pellucid- 
punctate. In the thickets of Sobato de Mussengue ; without either 
fl. or fr. August 1855. No. 6687. 


6. M. nudiflora Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 130; 
Ficalho Pl. Uteis, p. 132 (1884). 
Phaseolodes nudiflorum O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 202. 


GoLunGo ALTO.—A vast beautiful tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, or a small 
tree of 15 ft.; trunk usually obliquely erect ; branches spreading, some- 
times pendulous, tuberculate ; branchlets nodding, leafless or nearly so 
at the time of flowering; leaflets softly and thinly coriaceous, almost 
fleshy, deep-green and shining above, velvety-pubescent beneath ; 
inflorescence ranging up to a foot in length; flowers of a brilliant 
violet-purple colour, crowded, covering as it were the whole tree ; 
' calyx brown-black at the base, red-brown from the middle of the tube 
up to the limb, bilabiately 5-toothed ; standard obovate, hardly exceed- 
ing the wings and keel ; erect or sub-reflexed at the time of flowering ; - 
callus green, furnished with 2 larger and other smaller glands, which 
however are sometimes obsolete ; wings and keel of the same length, 
densely ciliate on the claws and at the base of the laminas ; stamens 10, 
diadelphous ; the vexillary one free, curved in a sigmoid manner at the 


Millettia| XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 229 


base ; ovary sessile, compressed, lanceolate-linear, gradually tapering 
into the style, furnished with white pilose hairs ; ovules 7 to 11; pods 
pendulous. In fl. 8 July, end of July, and in August 1856, in nearly 
ripe fr. and in leaf in August 1855; in the primitive forests of 
Quibanga about Sange, and at the left bank of the river Cuango. A 
kind of Mutalla-menha. No. 1850. 


7. M.rhodantha Baill. in Adans. vi. p. 225 (1866); Baker, Z.c., 
p. 131; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 133 (1884). 

Milletia (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 574, n. 174 (1859); Welw. 
Synopse, p. 8, n. 9, p. 46, n. 126, ex parte. Phaseolodes rhodan- 
thum O. Kuntze, Lc., p. 202. 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A small graceful tree, 8 to 12 ft. high, much 
branched above ; leaves glaucescent ; flowers of a pale-violet colour. 
On the bushy slopes of Mata de Quisucolo, near Bango Aquitamba ; 
fl. Jan. 1856, not common. No. 1852. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, erect, with a lax crown : 
trunk 6 to 9 in. in diam. at the base ; wood sulphur-yellow, aromatic, 
of great utility among the negroes, being of high value and special 
medicinal virtue; leaves glaucescent, mostly oval-oblong, rufous- 
shaggy along the midrib beneath ; stipules setaceous, rather exceeding 
the shaggy petiolules. In bushy wooded places near Caghuy, rather 
rare ; young fr. Jan. 1857 ; also near Luxillo at the end of Feb. 1857. 
No. 1853. Con. Carp. (specimen of the wood) 948. 

This tree, which is variously called in Pungo Andongo “ Quiseco,” 
“‘Quisécua,” and “ Caseco,” has a trunk attaining 1 to 2 ft. in diam., 
and its wood is yellow, dense, firm and durable, and has a pleasant 
aromatic odour ; it is employed for the making of domestic utensils 
and agricultural implements (see Welw. Synopse, p. 8, n. 9, and Apont. 
p. 574, n. 174). The aromatic powder of Caseco (or Caseque) is 
obtained from the quite dry trunks of this species and also of 
M. gracilis ; the native medical men chiefly apply it in the form of a 
tonic ointment in the treatment of nervous and rheumatic headaches, 
nearly always mixed with the powder of Pemba stone. Sticks of the 
Caseco drug are invariably supplied in the markets of the coast and 
also in the interior ; and there is sufficient reason to believe that other 
trees besides those mentioned furnish it : thus, for example, the powder 
of Quicongo ( Tarchonanthus) is often sold under this name. The native 
doctors do not use it as sawdust, but they know how to grind it toa 
very fine powder by carefully grating the wood over a rough stone. 
(See Welw. Synopse, p. 46, n. 126.) 


8. M. Baptistarum Biittner in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxxii. p. 50 
(1890). 

AMBRIZ.—A small tree, branched almost from the base upwards. In 
rather open wooded situations below the bridge of Ambriz in the 
direction of Mubango; fr. end of Nov. 1853. No. 1846. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high; trunk 6 to 8 in. in 
diam. at the base ; wood yellowish ; leaves sparingly pellucid-punctate. 
In mixed rocky and somewhat stony woods near Luxillo, sporadic ; in 
flower-bud middle of May and of June 1857. A kind of Mutalla- 
menha. No. 1845. A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with the habit of an ash 
in the forests, but not uncommonly reduced to a shrub of 6 to 8 ft. 
with numerous stems in secondary thickets; flowers not seen. In 
wooded places along the banks of the stream Lutete and in sandy 
neighbouring forests ; nearly ripe fr. June 1857. No. 1849. 


230 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Millettia 


IT have not seen the type of the above species which belongs to the 
Lower Congo, but the description of it agrees ; No. 1846 is apparently 
the plant referred to by Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 128 under 
M. Thonningii. 


14, PLATYSEPALUM Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 13h 
1. P. violaceum Welw., /.c. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A tree of 10 to 20 ft. with a lax crown, sometimes 
only a shrub even when in flower ; branches erect or spreading a little ; 
leaves 1 to 3- or rarely 4-jugate, imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, 
chartaceous-coriaceous, of a pale green colour, ovate or obovate-oblong, 
obtusely acuminate, apiculate, glabrous:and shining above, pubescent 
beneath as well as on the petiolules ; stipels subulate ; flowers of a pale 
violet colour, in axillary or quasi-terminal panicles ; calyx bibracteolate, 
bilabiate ; upper lip very broad, elongated, with a thick-nerved back, 
petaloid, silky, violet-coloured, equalling the standard, obovate, obtuse 
emarginate or bilobed at the apex ; lower lip deeply tridentate, the 
lateral lobes ovate-lanceolate acuminate, the middle lobe longer and 
narrower than the lateral ones ; corolla glabrous, embraced and nearly 
concealed by the upper plicate tip of the calyx ; standard obcordate, 
straight at the time of flowering; wings a little shorter than the 
standard and keel, elongated-oblong, obtuse, shortly unguiculate, 
minutely auriculate, somewhat adhering to the keel; keel obliquely 
oblong ; stamens 10, diadelphous ; filaments filiform ; anthers broadly 
oblong, uniform, versatile ; ovary sessile or subsessile, densely silky- 
pilose, 5-7-ovuled ; style incurved, glabrous; stigma rather small, 
obliquely truncate. Rather rare, at the margins of the forests of 
Sobato de Bumba and of Mussengue ; in flower-bud and fl. Dec. 1854. 
Also in the secondary thickets between Cambondo and Trombeta, 
sparingly ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1855, fr. June 1855. No. 1838. 
Cou. Carp. 499. 

The Fungus n. 226 grew on the leaflets of this plant. 


15, MICROCHARIS Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 501. 
1, M. angolensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 132. 
Punco ANDONGO.—A slender annual herb ; flowers of a deep red 
colour, the older ones blood-red. Frequent, in open sandy forests, 


along the banks of the river Cuanza, near Calunda-Quisonde ; fl. Jan. 
1857. No. 2004. 


16. SESBAN Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 327 (1763). Sesbania Scop. 
Introd, p. 3808 (1777), Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 502. 


1. §. punctatus DC. Prodr, ii. p. 265 (1825), Baker in Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. ii, p. 133 (Sesbania punctata). 

Sesbania (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 591, n. 109 (1859). Hmerus 
Sesban var. picta O, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 181 (1891). 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A very elegant little tree, wholly herbaceous, 10 
to 15 ft. high, patently branched from the base to the apex, usually 
annual; in damp tall-grassy places and thickets throughout the 
district ; Mussengue ; fr. April 1855. Varzea grande do Cuango, near 
Sange ; fl. and fr, May and June 1855 and 1856 and March 1856. 
No. 1994. 

Punco ANponGo.—A very elegant undershrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, with 


Sesban | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 231 


remarkably large bright-golden flowers. In palm groves, at the banks 
of the river Cuanza near Sansamanda, rather rare; fl. April 1857. 
No. 1997. 

Hvuiiia.—An elegant slender undershrub, hardly a shrub, in the 
form of a tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, very loosely branched ; stem below and 
branches muricate, black-punctate ; branches elongated, patent ; flowers 
yellow. In bushy places, along the banks of the river Monino ; fl. and 
fr. April 1860. A muricate variety. No. 1995. Flowers racemose, 
yellow ; pods linear, a foot long. In rocky stations by the river 
Monino ; fr. April 1860. CoLu. Carp. 56,\ 


2. S. pachycarpus DC. Prodr. ii. p. 265 (1825), Baker, /.c., p. 134 
(Seshania pachycarpa). 

Emerus Sesban var. occidentalis O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 181. 

Punco ANDonGo.—An erect herb, afoot high, with glaucous foliage. 
In fields formerly cultivated with Arachis hypogea L., near Condo ; fi. 
March 1857. No. 1998. 

MossaMEDES.—A herb, 1 to 3 ft. high, with sub-erect branches and 
fruits. Sporadic in the damp sandy thickets of Mata dos Carpenteiros, 
plentifully, but not seen in other parts of this district ; fl. and fr. July 
1859. No. 19960. 

In this case, as also in others in this genus, I have followed the deter- 
minations of Mr. Baker, who had the specimens under his inspection. 


3. S. cinerascens Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. u. p. 134 
(under Sesbania). 

Emerus Sesban, var., O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 181. 

Punao ANDONGO.—An undershrub, about 4 ft. long, wholly ashy- 
pubescent, virgately branched ; pods nearly a foot long. In thickets 
near the river Lombe; flower-bud, fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 1999. 
A tall arborescent herb, 7 to 12 ft. high, with an ashy aspect, patently 
branched ; leaflets glaucescent, puberulous; floral racemes yellow, 
nodding or even pendulous ; pods 12 to 16 in. long, linear, terminated 
by the style which is indurated, nearly half an inch long and rather 
blunt. In bushy places by streams, near Pedra Cabondo ; fl. and fr. 
April 1857. No. 2000. A very elegant bush, 12 ft, high, wholly 
herbaceous ; leaves very long, densely pinnate; flowers racemose, 
yellow ; racemes sub-nutant. In moist thickets by the river Cuanza 
near Candumba; fr. March 1857. Cou. CARP. 386. 


4, §, egyptiacus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Méth. vii. p. 128 (1806). 
Sesbania egyptiaca Pers. Syn. Pl.ii. p. 316(1807); Baker, /.c.,p. 134. 

Emerus Sesban O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 180. 

MossaMEDES.—Slightly muricate on the upper part of the branches, 


In damp sandy thickets, near Mata dos Carpenteiros, frequent ; fl, and 
fr. July 1859. Doubtfully referred to this species. No. 1996. 


5. §. pubescens DC. Prodr. ii. p. 265 (1825), Welw. Apont. 
p. 585, n. 24 (1859), Baker, U.c., p. 135 (under Sesbania). 

Emerus pubescens Schum. Guin. Pl. p. 354 (1827). Sesbania 
sericea Welw., l.c.; non DC., nee Link. LH. Sesban, vars, O. Kuntze, 
(Cy. P- Lol: 

Loanpa.—Annual ; stem erect, 2 to 4 ft. high, as well as the leaves 
silky-pubescent ; standard sordid-yellow outside, very densely black- 
dotted, pale yellow inside ; wings deep yellow ; keel yellowish-green ; 


932 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA, | Seshan 


rather rare in moist sandy places near Praia de Zamba Grande; fl. 
and fr. 9 March 1858. A shrub-shaped herb, 5 to 8 ft. high, much 
branched ; principal stems usually 1 inch in diam. but wholly herbace- 
ous ; flowers yellow ; pods cylindrical, very long, 8-seeded ; in marshes, 
in company with Typha, etc., near F. de Conceigao ; fl. and young fr. 
April 1854. Garden at Loanda, April 1859. No. 1992. Cou. Carp. 
387. 


6. S. spherocarpus Welw. Apont. p. 590, n. 82 (Sesbania 
spherocar pa). 

Sesbania spherosperma Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p.135. Cf. Sesbania 
(sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 588 n. 51. Hmerus spherospermus O. Kuntze, 
i.c., p:-181,(1891). 


Loanpa.—A slender undershrub, almost a full-sized shrub ; stems not 
uncommonly woody at the base and persisting for years, 3 to 6 ft. high, 
_patently branched ; stem branches and petioles sparingly muricate ; 
flowers pale yellow; standard not dotted ; pods subulate-mucronate, 
very rigid, undulate-alate on both sides ; seeds globose. Frequent in 
dry hilly situations, above the city of Loanda ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 
1858. Imbondeiro dos Lobos, beginning of July 1858. No. 1991. An 
undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high. In the more elevated moist bushy parts of 
the district ; fr. Feb. 1858. Cou. Carp. 389. 

Lisoneo.—An elegant yellow-flowered undershrub of 4 to 6 ft. In 
damp thickets at the river Lifune, Oct. 1858; at Loanda cultivated 
fr. Nov. 1860. Cou. Carp, 388. 


The following No. appeared to Welwitsch to be a weak form 
of this species :— 

Loanpa.—An annual prostrate-diffuse herb; flowers yellowish ; 
pods flattened along the edge, deeply crenate ; seeds compressed, quad- 


rangular, not spherical. In flooded places about to dry up, Imbondeiro 
dos Lobos, very rare ; fl. and fr. 8 June 1858. No. 1993. 


17. COLUTEASTRUM Heister (1732) & ex Fabric. Enum. Pl. 
Hort. Helmstad. edit. 2, p. 317 (1763). Lessertia DC. (1802); 
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 503. 


1. C. benguellense. 
Lessertia benguellensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 137. 


MossAMEDES.—An undershrub ; stems numerous, virgate, ascending ; 
flowers greenish-purple ; calyx campanulate, green, equally 5-toothed ; 
standard obovate, emarginate at the apex, with the sides folded back- 
wards, equalling in length the boat-shaped keel, greenish-yellow, marked 
with purple lines ; wings lanceolate, green-yellowish, thinly marked with 
purple lines, violet-purple at the apex ; keel yellow-greenish, with a 
violet-purple beak (half) longer than the wings. Stamens diadelphous 
(1 and 9); ovary stipitate, 5-7-ovuled, naked ; style ascending, com- 
pressed, rather smooth, not bearded except a fringe of hairs around 
the apex ; stigma papillose ; pods broadly and obtusely elliptical, com- 
pressed-flat, scarious, pellucid, 3 to 6-seeded, not or scarcely inflated. 
In rocky stony places in the desert, the rocks being composed of hard 
red sandstone, at the base of Serra de Montes Negros; fl. and fr. 
10 August 1859. No, 1986. A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems 
numerous ; leaves imparipinnate ; flowers reddish ; pods compressed, 
scarcely inflated. In stony places in the Mossamedes desert ; fr. 
August 1859. Cou. Carp. 113. 


Diphaca| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&, . 233 


18. DIPHACA Lour. FI. Cochinch. p. 453 (1790). Ormocarpum 
P. Beauv. (1805); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 515. 


1. D. cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 454 (1790). 

Ormocarpum sennoides DC. Prodr, ii. p. 315 (1825); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 143. Hedysarum fruticosum Rottler ex 
Schum, Guin. Pl. p. 356 (1827). Solurus cochinchinensis O. Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 205 (1891). 0. Buchholzit Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vii. 
p. 336 (1886) fide Taub. in Engl., d.c., xxiii. p. 189 (1896). 


Loanpa.—iIn valleys near Boa Vista, in Feb. 1854 ; specimens de- 
stroyed. No. 2118. 

GoLunGco ALTo.—An erect shrub, branched from the base, 3 to 4 ft. 
high ; bark purple-black ; leaflets deep-green above, glaucous below; 
standard and wing-petals sulphur-coloured, marked with brown-purple 
veins ; keel pale-sulphur ; pod even when young quite glabrous, In 
moist secondary thickets along the base of Serra do Alto Queta near 
the river Cuango, at Arimo do Isidro ; fl. and young fr. end of March 
1856. No. 2117. 

CazENGO.—A much-branched shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches and 
branchlets patent, the upper ones rather erect; bark red-brown, 
smooth ; flowers racemose, in the uppermost axils of the leaves ; calyx 
bilabiate, 5-fid, green; keel sordid-straw colour; petals of the keel and 
standard straw-coloured, marked in a jointed manner with purplish 
veins. Sparingly in the rather dry thickets on the left bank of the 
river Luinha and Palmeira ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1854. No. 21170. 


19. HERMINIERA Guill. & Perr. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 
p- 915. 

1. H. Elaphroxylon Guill. et Perr. Fl. Senegamb. Tent. (i.) 
p. 201, t. 51 (1833); Welw. Apont. p. 573 (1859); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii, p. 144; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 133 (1884). 


Barra DO BENGO.—An erect weak little tree, 12 to 20 ft. high, almost 
pyramidal, with elongated primary trunk and branches virgate elon- 
gated, gradually shorter ; lower branches nodding ; flowers large saffron- 
orange-coloured, very elegant and handsome ; pod spirally curved 
inwards. Along the left bank of the river Bengo, near Quifandongo, 
not abundant ; fl. and ripe fr, 12 Sept. 1854. No. 2119. Wood very 
light and quite white ; trunk a foot and more in diam. at the base. By 
the river Bengo ; fr. June 1857. Couu. Carp. 394. 

MossAMEDES.—A low tree, sometimes slender, at other times with a 
trunk nearly a foot in diam. at a foot above the ground, then suddenly 
much narrowed and 6 or 7 ft. higher scarcely 1 to 1} in. thick, growing 
densely cxespitose, ranging from 10 to 15 ft. in height, much branched, 
usually mutilated by the negroes ; timber very light and useful. In 
marshy places along the banks of the river Caroca (at the time of 
collection only a rivulet), near Porto de Pinda and Cabo Negro in the 
interior ; fl. 2 Sept. 1859. No. 2120. Cabo Negro, Sept. 1859. Wood. 
Cou. Carp. 949. 

This tree is called “ Bimba” by the colonists, and perhaps also by the 
N-Bundas. The timber of Bimba much resembles that of the Pita- 
thread tree (Agave) ; it does not exceed 20 or at the most 25 ft. in 
height, and its trunk measures at the base 6 to 16 in. in diam. ; not- 
withstanding its fibrous appearance the wood is strong and durable, 
and the natives of Benguella and Mossamedes frequently use it for 
domestic purposes, such as beds, stools, etc., and more especially for 


234 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. [ erminitera 


fishing punts and landing-boats. Welwitsch found it the most suitable 
wood for boxes for his entomological collections. The tree grows 
abundantly in marshes and by streams along nearly the whole extent 
of the coast of the province. See Welw. Synopse, p. 20, n. 50. 


20. ZESCHYNOMENE L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 515. 
1. AS. papulosa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 146. 


Punco AnponGo.—Joints of the pod densely papulous on a raised 
strictly limited disk. Sporadic, in marshy thickets at the base of the 
mountains of Serra de Pedras de Guinga; fl. and fr. March 1857. 
Only one branch was collected, it being at the time considered to 
belong to 4. indica L. No. 2171. 


2. AK. oligantha Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 146. 


MossaAMEDES.—An undershrub, at the base but little woody, 3 to 4 ft. 
high, or a tall herb, apparently annual or biennial; branches sub- 
scandent, remote ; flowers pale-yellow. Sporadic, in marshy places, 
growing amidst tall plants of Arundo and Scirpus, about the estuary of 
the river Giraul ; fl. and with only one fr. July 1859. No. 2172. 


3. HE. indica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 713 (1753); Baker, Z.c., p. 147. 


AMBACA.—A suffrutescent herb, much branched from the base ; 
branches rather spreading; leaves glaucescent; flowers sulphur- 
coloured. In damp pastures, at the right bank of the river Lucala, not 
far from the ferry ; fl. and fr. middle of Oct. 1856. No. 2170. 


The following appears to be the plant referred to by Welwitsch, 
Apont. p. 590, n. 81 (1859), as “genus novum?”; it also seems 
to be a form or variety of 7. indica L., with solitary flowers and 
peculiar habit, the stem being 4 in. thick at the base, quite spongy 
and quickly attenuate :— 


Loanpa.—An annual suffrutescent herb, 1 to 4 ft. high, forming a 
bush or little tree with a JMJ/imosa-habit ; branches spreading ; leaves 
somewhat sensitive; flowers solitary, small; wing-petals and keel 
yellow ; standard yellow with red venation ; pods flat, separating in 
joints. In great abundance, at the margins of pools, in clayey places 
flooded in the rainy season, near Alto das Cruzes, forming miniature 
forests ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858, fruiting specimens and seedlings crowded 
together in July 1858 ; not seen in the years 1853 and 1854. No. 2169. 
Joints of the pod 8 to 11, square, crested on each face. Seen only in 
one locality, but abundant, by the marshes of Alto das Cruzes ; fl. and 
ripe fr. end of April 1858. Cou. Carp. 445. 


4, J. aspera L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 713 (1753) ; Baker, l.c., p. 147. 


Punco ANDONGO.—An erect or ascending herb, 5 to 6 ft. high; stem 
muricate ; prickles herbaceous ; corolla yellow. In marshy palm-groves 
and thickets, along the banks of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; 
fl. and fr. Feb. and March 1857. No. 2168. 


5, AK. acutangula Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 148. 


Puneco ANDoNGO.—An erect herb, 3 ft. high; stem purple, with 
acute angles ; stipules sagittate ; racemes paniculate ; flowers yellow ; 
bracts very caducous ; whole plant, except the flowers, livid-glaucescent. 
Sparingly, in marshy reedy places, at the banks of the river Cuanza, 
near Mupopo, at an elevation of 3800 to 4000 ft. ; fl. and fr. May 1857. 
No. 2173. 


Aischynomene | XLIV. LEGUMINOSAE, 235 


6. A. pygmea Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 148. 


Huitia.—A dwarf, viscid-glandular, hispidulous, copiously flowering 
undershrub, 3 to 7 in. high, growing in a cespitose manner; stems 
branched from the base, muricate, yellowish ; branches erect, bearing 
at the apex many-flowered racemes ; stipules lanceolate, rigid, scarcely 
drawn out at the base, persistent ; leaflets 10-15-jugate, terminating 
with a seta; flowers deep-orange-yellow, brilliant, about 3 in. long ; 
bracts fugacious ; ovary bi-ovulate ; joints of the fruit half-orbicular, 
glabrous. In thinly-bushy sandy pastures, along the borders of forests, 
in company with species of Thesium and Thunbergia, near Mumpulla, 
towards Nene, at an elevation of about 4000 ft.,and seen nowhere else ; 
fl. and sparingly fr. end of Oct. 1859. No. 2180. 


7. ZK. glabrescens Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 148. 


Hurtia.—A herb, 4 to 1 ft. high, growing almost in a cespitose 
manner ; root thick, woody, several-headed ; stems branched from the 
base, purplish, pluri-sulcate, remotely hispid ; flowers orange-coloured. 
In the elevated sandy, sparingly bushy, somewhat damp pastures of 
Empalanca, but rather rare ; only a few specimens seen in flower and 
fruit, the rest barren ; fl. and fr. end of March 1860. No. 2177. 


8. AK. fulgida Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 149. 

Huitia.—A little erect shrub, 2 to 24 ft. high ; stem and branches 
bright-purple, viscid in the living state ; flowers of a fulgid-orange 
colour when fresh. The most beautiful of all the species of this genus 
in Angola. Abundant on the bushy slopes of Morro de Lopollo in the 
direction of Humpata, on mica-schist, at an elevation of about 5200 ft. ; 
fl. and ripe fr, April 1860, No. 2178. 


9. AE. bracteosa Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 150. 

Huitia.—A hard rigid slender erect undershrub, 1} to 2 ft, high ; 
stems purplish; branches rather patent; leaves glaucous; stipules 
very fugacious ; flowers golden or saffron-yellow ; bracts glandular- 
toothed, persistent even after the fall of the fruit ; ramifications of 
the inflorescence muricate. Not uncommon, at an elevation of about 
4000 to 5000 ft., in shortly bushy pastures near Humpata ; fl. and ripe 
fr. end of March and beginning of April 1860. No. 2176. 


10, A. tenuirama Welw.ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 150. 

Puneo AnponGco.—A slender erect shrub, 2 to 35 ft. high ; stems 
several, virgately branched ; stipules lanceolate, not drawn out down- 
wards at the base, fugacious ; leaflets 15-20-jugate, not with raised 
lateral nerves beneath ; petioles as well as the branches glandular- 
pilose ; racemes terminating the paniculate branchlets; flowers deep- 
yellow, + to 4 in, long. Frequent at the bushy borders of primitive 
forests between Mutollo and Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857 ; at an 
elevation of 3800 to 4000 ft. No. 2181. 


Var. 8. sculpta Welw. ms. in Herb. 

Leaflets 30-50-jugate, with 6 to 10 raised secondary nerves on 
each side of the midrib beneath ; flowers few, deciduous. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—In exposed primitive woods at the banks of the 
river Cuanza ; scarcely in full fl. Feb. 1857. Nos. 21810, 2182. 

Var. y. huillensis Welw. ms. in Herb. 

An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, either erect or ascending at the 
base, virgate, very elegant ; stems simple at the base, towards the 


236 XLIV. LEGUMINOSS. | Zschynomene 


apex with crowded slender branches; branchlets filiform, bearing 
racemes at the apex; stipules lanceolate, enlarged at the base 
with an acute auriculate tooth, but scarcely spurred; leaflets 
about 40-jugate, subcordate at the base; common axis remotely 
spinulose beneath ; petiolule compressed-flat; flowering branches 
pyramidally paniculate towards the apex of the stem; flowers 
golden yellow. 


HviILua.—Rather sparingly in shortly-bushy pastures between Nene 
and Humpata ; fl. and fr. April 1860 ; at an elevation of 4800 to 5000 ft. 
No. 2183. By streams near Lopollo ; fr. Dec. 1859. Cou. Carp. 446. 


11. A. debilis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 150. 


Hvuriiia.—An undershrub ; stem 2 to 3 ft. long, thin, weak, half 
scandent ; branches crowded, elongated, lying on neighbouring shrubs ; 
stipules not spurred at the base ; inflorescence glandular-viscid ; flowers 
yellow. In bushy damp places at the skirts of forests along the road 
leading from Lopollo in the direction of Jau, at an elevation of about 
5000 ft. ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No, 2175. 


12. A. dimidiata Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 151. 


HvuiLtuta,—An undershrub, 2 ft. high; stems several, sub-erect or 
oblique ; branches elongated, bearing at the apex paniculate racemes ; 
stems branches petioles and branchlets of the inflorescence glandular- 
viscid hispid and muricate ; leaflets 25-50-jugate, glaucous, glabrous, 
dimidiate, one side being abortive or very narrow and the principal 
nerve sub-lateral ; flowers yellow, } to 3 in. long. On bushy hills, in 
damp places, with tall herbage, between Nene and Lopollo, at an 
elevation of 5000 ft.; fl. and ripe fr. end of May 1860. No. 2179. 
Leaves sensitive, viscid; flowers rarely fruiting. Mumpulla; fr. 
1 June 1860. Cou. Carp. 447. 


13. 2. siifolia Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 151. 


Punco ANDoNGO.—A strictly erect herb, 3 to 5 feet high ; stem 
sub-simple, very rough with acute crowded papillz (but the upper part 
nearly smooth on the dried specimen) ; stipules not spurred at the 
base, leaflets 30-35-jugate, those towards the apex of the common 
axis gradually smaller, the extreme ones very small; the leaves, 
especially the stem ones, rather resembling in this respect those of 
some species of Siwm; flowers yellow. In damp places amidst reeds 
and in palm-groves consisting of Phenix reclinata Jacq., along the 
marshy banks of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda, at an elevation of 
about 3800 ft.; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 2174. 


21. DAMAPANA <Adans. Fam. PI. ii: p. 323 (1763). Simithia 
Ait. (1789); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, Pl. i. p. 516. 


1. D. capitulifera O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 179 (1891). 
Smithia capitulifera Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. 
p. 152. 


Punco ANDONGO.—An annual erect gregarious herb, a palm high, 
branched from the base ; stemand branches flowering at the apex, with 
spreading pilose hairs; leaflets 6-7-jugate, highly sensitive to the touch; 
the upper calyx-teeth longer than the lower ones, all acute ; standard 
shortly unguiculate; ovary scarcely or very shortly stipitate, bi-ovulate ; 
pod hyaline-membranous, bi-articulate, drawn back within the calyx. 
Frequent in the marshy pastures of Serra de Pedras de Guinga, at 


Damapana | XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 237 


an elevation of about 4000 ft., above that occupied by Myrothamnus 
flabellifolius Welw. ; fl. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 2138. 

Hvi1L_La.—An annual herb, scarcely a span high, with somewhat the 
habit of the small species of Phyllanthus, branched from the base in an 
ascending manner ; leaves alternate, pinnate, very highly sensitive, the 
leaflets after being touched quickly lying together along the common 
rachis ; flowers in little cymes at the apex of the stem and branches, 
white, deflexed-nodding ; bracts rather large, glandular at the margin, 
glands long-pilose, hairs solitary hyaline ; ovary scarcely or very shortly 
stipitate, bi-ovulate, Frequent in very elevated, rather spongy meadows 
on the Humpata plain, also on the highest parts of Empalanca in com- 
pany with species of Hriocaulon and Gentianacee, etc. ; fl. but not yet 
in fr. 2 April 1860. No. 2139. 


2. D. eschynomenodes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.i. p. 179 (1891). 
Smitha eschynomenoides Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 153. 


Houiiia.—An erect shrub, 2 to 23 ft. high, setose-hispidulous ; leaflets 
ranging up to 17-jugate, sensitive ; flowers purplish, quickly turning 
yellow ; bracteoles 2, opposite, horizontally spreading at the base of the 
calyx; calyx bilabiate, the upper lip emarginate, the lower lip trifid ; 
all the lobes rounded; standard with a rather long claw; ovary 
stipitate, 2- very rarely 3-ovulate ; pod 2-jointed, 2-seeded, retracted 
within the calyx ; joints smooth, rather compressed. In damp, grassy 
places along the borders of forests, at a place called O Monino or 
Moninho ; fl. and young fr. April1860. No. 2136. A slender hispidu- 
lous undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stipules thin, scarious, whitish, very 
caducous ; in grassy places along rivulets near Catumba, sparingly ; 
not yet in fl. March 1860. No. 21360. 


The following No., without either flower or fruit, should be 
compared with this species and may belong to it :— 


HuiLtiaA,—An undershrub, 3 ft. high, wholly glandular-pilose, with 
quite the habit of the species of Damapana of this district, and with 
glaucescent sensitive leaflets ; in grassy places at the banks of the river 
Cacolovar between Ivantaéla and Quilengues ; not yet in fl. end of Feb. 
1860. No. 2140. 


3. D. strobilantha O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 179 (1891). 
Smithia strobilantha Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 154. 


HuiLtuaA.—A low shrub; stems woody, branched from the base : 
branches straggling, often decumbent, flexuous, hard, tenacious, with 
glandular spreading shaggy hairs; leaflets in three pairs, glabrous, 
glaucous beneath, about 5-nerved from the base, oblique, veins between 
the nerves transverse ; petiole shaggy ; stipules not produced at the 
base of the compact strobile. Frequent enough in thickets on a dry 
sandy-clayey very hard soil, with short grass, near Ferrio da Sola, in 
the Lopollo territory ; fl. May 1860. No. 2137. 


4. D, strigosa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 179 (1891). 


Smithia strigosa Benth. in Pl. Jungh. p. 211 (1852); Baker, d.c., 
p. 154. 


HuiLtia.—A shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, erect ; stem and branches clothed 
with strict hispid hairs bulbous at the base ; leaves sensitive ; flowers 
of two colours in the living state, orange-coloured in the dry state ; 
standard and wing-petals violet, keel yellow ; ovary often bi-ovulate, 
appressedly pilose ; style moderately curved, compressedly dilated up 
to the apex, shorter than in the other species. Not uncommon in 


238 XLIV. LEGUMINOSE. | Damapana 


bushy rocky rather dry places from Ferrao da Sola in the direction of 
Jau ; fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 2135. 

5. D. Welwitschii. 

Smithia Welwitschti Taub. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb, xxiii. p. 190 (1896). 

A glabrous shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, rarely higher, with the habit 
of a Coronilla; branches hard, brown-purple; branchlets (after 
the leaves have fallen) nodose and pseudo-articulate ; leaves pari- 
pinnate, 3- or 4- or rarely 5-jugate, glaucous, rather fleshy, 
(including the common petiole of 4 to 2 in.) measuring 17 to 1? in. 
long or more; leaflets opposite, obliquely oval, obtuse at both 
ends, retuse and mucronulate at the apex, shortly petiolulate and 
unequal at the base, reticulate, 2 to in. long by 7 to 2 in. broad ; 
stipules large, quickly caducous, round-oval, sessile, with parallel 
and anastomosing veins, about 3 in. long by 3 in. broad, not 
adnate to the petiole; stipels 0; racemes quasi-terminal, about 
2 in. long or sometimes longer, bearing about 10 flowers ; common 
peduncle about } in. long; bracts obcordate-orbicular, greenish- 
yellow, scarious, persistent, not ciliate, with parallel and anasto- 
mosing veins, 4 to § in. long, sessile; pedicels about ;4, in. long, 
curved, hairy ; flowers yellow, about 2 in. long, enclosed separately 
in the doubled bracts; bracteoles 2, oval, entire, ciliolate, } in. 
long, at the base of the flower; calyx deeply bilabiate, equalling 
the corolla ; upper lip bidentate, lower lip tridentate ; wing-petals 
marked outside with 3 short stripes; stamens 10, monadelphous ; 
filaments alternating longer and shorter ; ovary hairy ; pod usually 
1- or 2- very rarely 3-jointed. Fruiting racemes much resembling 
the strobiles of Humulus Lupulus, I. 

Hvuitia.—In elevated rocky thickets, abundant but found only in 
one spot in Morro de Monino (or Moninho) ; fl. Feb. and in nearly ripe 
fr. middle of April 1860. No. 2141. 

This species differs from other species of the genus by its large 
round investing bracts, and approaches the genus Greissaspis. 


22, STYLOSANTHES Swartz ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 517. 
1. S. erecta P. Beauv. FI. Ow. ii. p. 28, t. 77 (1807); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii, p. 156. 
Var. guineensis Vog. in Linnea xii. p. 68 (1838); Taubert in 
Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxxu. p. 24 (1890). 


Ampriz.—Frequent on dry gravelly hills near Ambriz ; fl. and fr. 
Nov. 1853. No. 21238. 

LoaNnpa.—A pale-green herb, with the habit of Ononis ; rootstock 
thick, many-headed, perennial ; stems ascending ; flowers yellow, the 
fertile ones not uncommonly apetalous and without stamens ; seeds 
reniform. On sea-sands near Penedo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1858. No. 2124. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—In sandy pastures between Caghuy and Sansa- 
manda, among shrubs; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. Quoted by Taubert 
under this variety, but referred by Baker, /.c., p. 157 to the next 
species. No. 2125. 


Var. acuminata Welw. ex Baker, U.c.; Taubert, lc., p. 23. 


Punco ANpoNGo.—An erect slender little shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; 
stems at length smooth ; leaflets much acuminate, $ to 14 in. long, 


Stylosanthes | XLIV, LEGUMINOSA. 239 


longer than in the other species, scattered beneath as well as the 
stipules and bracts with pilose hairs each of which emerge from a 
sessile gland. In sandy thickets on the right bank of the river Cuanza, 
between Condo and Quisonde ; fl. and fr. March 1857. Thisis the type 
of this variety, but by number it is referred by Taubert, /.c., p. 24 60 
the previous variety. No. 2127. 


2. S. mucronata Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 1166 (1800); Baker, L.c., 
p. 157; Taubert in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxxii. p. 19 (1890). 


HviLtia.—F lowers yellowish ; standard violet, striped. In wooded 
moist meadows, usually by ant-hills around Catumba; fl. Jan. and 
beginning of April 1860. No. 2126. 


23. ARACHIS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 518. 


1. A. hypogea L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 741 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 557 sub n, 132, p. 558 sub n. 133, et p. 573 (1859); Welw. 
Sert. Angol. p. 6 (1869); Baker, /.c., p. 158; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 133 (1884) ; Schweinf. Heart of Africa, i. pp. 160, 250. 

GoLunGo ALTo.—Cultivated commonly in damp places throughout 
the district, especially near villages ; fl. near Sange Jan. 1856. Native 
name “Jinguba.” Fl. from Jan. to April; fr. from July to Nov. 
No. 2121. Cou. Carp. 395. Introduced from Cazengo ; Trombeta, 
fr. July 1857. Cox. Carp. 396. 

MossAMEDES.—Cultivated by the negroes and Portuguese colonists ; 
and occasionally spontaneous, for example near Quipola; fl. August 
1859. No specimen separated for the British Museum. No. 2122. 

This species is much cultivated throughout tropical Africa and in 
Natal as also in other tropical countries. Welwitsch, J.c., p. 573 states 
that it is especially frequent in the district of Ambaca; and Dr. 
Schweinfurth, /.c., p. 250 declares that the proper home of this plant 
is in Africa ; it is usually said to be a native of tropical America. 


24. ZORNIA Gmel.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 518. 
1. Z. diphylla Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 318 (1807) (diphyllum) ; 
Baker, l.c., p. 158. 


Loanpa.—A small annual rather erect herb ; flowers almost entirely 
concealed between pellucidly 5-nerved glandular-dotted bracts ; corolla 
orange-coloured with purple lines. In sandy hilly rather dry pastures, 
from Maianga de Povo in the direction of Alto das Cruzes, Bemposta, 
etc., plentiful but sporadic ; fl. and fr. April and May 1854, 1858 and 
1859. No. 2112. 

GoLunGo ALTo.—Not uncommon, in wooded meadows with short 
herbage between Undelle and Cambondo; fl. and fr. March and April 
1855. A form with leaflets ranging up to } in. in width. No. 2113. 
An annual herb, a foot high. Sange ; fr. August 1855. Cou. Carp. 397. 

AmBaca.—A suffruticose perennial herb, densely czspitose, with a 
woody many-headed rootstock, numerous stems, and the habit of 
thyme ; flowers whitish-yellow ; keel reddish-brown. In sandy bushy 
pastures, on the left bank of the river Lucala, at an elevation of 3000 
ft.; fl. towards the end of Oct. 1856. No. 2115. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A small annual erect herb, branched from the 
base ; branches ascending, virgate ; corolla small, standard and scarlet 
wing-petals embracing the yellowish keel. Frequent in exposed rocky 
places with short herbage, at the base of Pedra Cabondo in the western 
part of the fortress ; fl. and fr, end of Dec. 1856. No. 2114. 


240 XLIV. LEGUMINOSZ. [|Z OrTnid 


2. Z. bracteata Gmel. Syst. Veg. p. 1096(1791); Baker,d.c., p.159. 


Huiiia.—Leaflets 4, lanceolate ; joints of the pod densely echinate. 
Common in the elevated sandy-earthy pastures of the plateau of 
Empalanca, often flooded in the rainy (summer) season, at an elevation 
of about 5500 ft.; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 2116. 


25. MEIBOMIA Heister (1732) & ex Fabric. Enum, Pl. Hort. 
Helmstad. edit. 1, p. 168 (1759). Desmodium Desv. (1813); 
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 519. 


1. M. polygonodes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 198 (1891). 
Desmodium polygonoides Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. 
lisp: shee. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—A perennial herb; root long, very tenacious, 
thick, woody, many-headed ; stems a span long or shorter ; habit like 
some small Polygonum ; leaves thin, revolute at the margins ; flowers 
from whitish to violet ; pods deeply waved on both sutures. On dry 
open rocks within the lines of fortification of Pungo Andongo, near 
Luxillo ; fl. and fr. May 1857, rare. No. 2160. 


2. M. dimorpha O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 198 (1891). 
Desmodium dimorphum Welw., l.c., p. 161. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A herb, sometimes an undershrub, | to 23 ft. high, 
pale-green or glaucous-ashy, branched from the base ; root perennial ; 
stem sometimes simple below with branchlets at the apex, at other 
times stems elongated quite simple ; leaves in some cases unifoliolate, 
at other times trifoliolate ; leaflets usually folded, wonderfully variable 
as to indumentum, $ to 12 in. long by 4 to = in. broad. On the rather 
elevated and dry hills of Sobato de Bumba, at an elevation of 2400 ft.; 
fl. and fr, May 1856. No. 2161. 

Puneo ANDONGO.—In gravelly thinly-bushy places between Quitage 
and Bumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. Leaflets 1 to 2 in. long. No. 2164. 
A perennial herb ; stems thin, crowded, a palm high; leaves on some 
forms all unifoliolate, on other forms the lower ones unifoliolate and 
the upper trifoliolate, the two forms being crowded together ; leaflets 
! to 14 in. long. On shortly-grassy slopes of the mountains of Serra 
de Pedras de Guinga ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 2165. 

Huriia.—A perennial herb ; stems decumbent-erect, scarcely a foot 
high ; leaflets 3 to 1 in. long; flowers white. In pastures with short 
bushes and dense herbage, Lopollo; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859 and one 
specimen in Feb. 1860. No. 2163. 


Var, B. argyrea (Welw. ex Baker, /.c.) 


Hvuiiia.—Stem and petioles silvery-silky ; leaflets 13 to 24 in. long. 
In stony thickets along the borders of forests between Catumba and 
Ohay, in the camp of 15,000 Monanos ; in early fl. May 1860. No. 2162. 

This species is met with throughout nearly the whole of Angola, but 
is said to be nowhere abundant ; it occurs also in the Mozambique 
district and in the island of Madagascar. 

3. M. gangetica O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 196 (1891). 

Desmodium gangeticum DC. Prodr. i. p. 327 (1825); Baker, /.c., 
p. LOL. 

GoLtunGo ALTo.—A small shrub, 3°to 33 ft. high ; branches spread- 
ing, elongate-virgate ; flowers violet-coloured. At the bushy borders 


of the mountainous forest of Mata de Quisucula, about Bango 
Aquitamba ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 2159. 


Meibomia| XLIV. LEGUMINOSA, 241 


4. M. lasiocarpa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 196 (1891). 

Desmodium lasiocarpum DC, Prodr. ii. p. 328 (1825) ; Baker, l.c., 
p. 162. 

GoLuNGoO ALTo.—An erect shrub, usually 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches 
sometimes nearly erect and firm, at other times weak and spreading ; 
flowers violet-coloured ; abundant in secondary thickets by the road- 
side between Trombeta and Cambondo ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1854. 
An erect shrub, 3 ft. high ; stems gregarious, erect, sparingly branched ; 
at the borders of the dampish forests of Sange, near Camilungo, at an 
elevation of 2400 ft. ; fl. April 1855 and 1856. A form with the leaves 
attenuate not cordate at the base. A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high ; branches 
erect, virgate ; flowers of a deep-violet colour ; abundant, in secondary 
thickets, both in damp and very dry spots, near Bango Aquitamba ; fl. 
and fr, June 1856. No. 2157. 


The following No. was referred by Baker, l.c., p. 162, to MW. 
gangetica ; but it was considered by Welwitsch a variety of J. 
lastocarpa, with the leaves attenuate at the base; the leaves are 
obscurely repand and not quite entire :— 


PRINCE’S IsLAND.—On the lower wooded slopes of the mountain 
called Pico de Papagaio; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853, No. 2158. 


5. M. adscendens O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 195 (1891). 
Desmodium adscendens DC. Prodr. 1. p. 332 (1825) ; Baker, /.c., 
p. 162 (ascendens). 


Hvi_ia.—Perennial ; habit and mode of growth like those of some 
species of Medicago ; root many-headed; stems slender, 2 to 3 ft. 
long, decumbent, from the base up to the apex beset with crowded 
subdistichous slenderer branchlets which bear shoots at the apex ; 
flowers from orange to purple; pods when thoroughly ripe in the 
living state yellowish. In damp sandy pastures and marshy thickets 
alongside streams, as for example the Quipumpunhime, and on the road 
from Ferrao da Sola to Jau ; fl. and ripe fr. beginning of April 1860. 
No. 2158. 


6. M. hirta O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 198 (1891). 
Desmodium hirtum Guill. et Perr. in Guill. Perr. et A. Rich. FI. 
Seneg. Tent. (1.) p. 209 (1833); Baker, l.c., p. 163. | 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A perennial herb, prostrate, rooting ; flowering 
shoots ascending ; flowers violet-coloured. In damp spongy places and 
alongside streams, near the springs of Capopa near Sange, and Sobato 
de Quilombo, common ; fairly abundant in marshy and shaded places 
covering extensive tracts and somewhat resembling clover, but then 
permanently short and rarely flowering ; fl. and fr. Feb., March and 
July 1854 and 1855. No. 2150. Joints of the pod almost orbicular. 
- In marshy primitive forests, Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. and fr. Jan. 
1856. No. 2152. <A perennial, much-branched herb ; branches elon- 
gated, sub-sarmentose, climbing among bushes ; stems 3 to 4 ft. long, 
weak, purple, but on account of the shaggy indumentum turning ashy, 
as also the leaves, in the living state ; flowers small, rose-violet and 
variegated with white, In marshy places, swamps and ditches at the 
banks of streams along the Ambaca road, about a league and a half 
from Sange ; fl. and fr. beginning of June 1856. No. 2154. 

PrINCE’s ISLAND.—Along rivulets in shady places, at the foot of Pico 
de Papagaio, at about 8000 ft. alt.,in company with Caladium bicolor 
Vent. ; without either fl. or fr. Sept, 1853. No. 2151. 


16 


242 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ Meibomia 


I have followed Baker’s determinations of Nos. 2150—2154, as 
referred to this and the former species, not having seen the types of 
either of the two species ; Welwitsch had regarded Nos. 2150, 2151 
as one species, and each of the remaining Nos. as distinct species ; 
Nos. 2150, 2151 certainly appear to belong together, and the fruit of 
No. 2150 has the upper suture nearly straight, while in Nos. 2152— 
2154 it is rather waved. 


7. M. ineana Vail in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xix. p. 118 (1892). 

Desmodium incanum DC. Prodr. ii. p. 332 (1825); Baker, Lc., 
p. 163. MM. adscendens, var. incana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. 
p., 195 (1881): . 

PRINCE’s IsLanp.—A small shrub, 1$ to 25 ft. high ; branches 
divaricate or rather erect ; flowers rose-coloured. In stony exposed 


parts of the maritime region of the island, near 8. Antonio ; fl. and fr. 
Sept. 1853. No. 2149. 


8. M. mauritiana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 198 (1891). 

Desmodium mauritianum DC. Prodr, 1. p. 334 (1825); Baker, 
Lec., p. 164. 

GoLuNGo ALtTo.—An undershrub of 1 to 13 ft. or rarely a shrub of | 
2 to 3 ft. ; flowers whitish or whitish-violet. On sparingly bushy hills 
between Undelle and Cambondo and near Camilungo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 
1854, Feb. and April 1855, March 1856. No. 2146. 


9. M. repanda O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 197 (1891). 
Desmodium Scalpe DC. Prodr. ii. p. 334 (1825); Baker, d.c., p. 164. 


GoLUNGO ALTo.—A slender undershrub; stem far-creeping, be- 
coming woody ; flowers yellow and variegated with bright scarlet, on 
some forms of the plant wholly red and beautiful but very caducous. 
In the damp shady woods of Mata de Quibanga, but not abundant, 
and in Serra de Alto Queta ; fl. and young fr. end of May 1855 and in 
June 1856. -No. 2155. 

Hvuiitia.—Flowers larger than in the last number, scarlet, quickly 
turning violet. In shady damp woods at the cataract above Lopollo 
near Ferrio da Sola, in company with species of Hriocaulon and 
Utricularia ; fl. and young fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 2156. 

Bumpo.—Alongside streams in the shaded parts of Serra de Xella, 
in company with Pteris cretica L. and P. longifolia L.; fl. and young 
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 21560. 

10. M. oxybractea O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 198 (1891). 

Desmodium oxybracteum DC. Prodr. ii. p. 334 (1825); Baker, 
Fl. Maurit. p. 74 (1877). D. paleaceum Guill. et Perr. Fl. Seneg. 
Tent. i. p. 209 (1833); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. 166, cum 
syn. J. paleacea O. Kuntze, l.c., non Kurz. 

GoLtunco ALTro.—An undershrub or suffrutescent herb, 3 to 43 ft. 
high, loosely branched from the base; flowers reddish. Frequent 
along the bushy banks of the rivulet Quiapose, near Sange, and by 


other streams, in company with species of Jussiwa and Pteris amongst 
tall herbage ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 2147. 


Var. obtusifolia (Welw. ms. in Herb.). 

Leaflets oval or obtusely ovate, 1 to 24 in. long by 3 to 13 in. 
broad; legumes glabrescent or nearly so, separating at maturity 
into transversely truncate divisions. 


Meibomia| XLIV, LEGUMINOS2. 243 


GotunGo ALTo.—An undershrub, or rather a robust herb, 2 to 3 ft. 
high. Along the banks of the river Muria, in the bush near Trombeta ; 
fr. Sept. 1854. No. 2148. An erect undershrub, becoming woody at 
the base, 3 to 5 ft. high ; leaves trifoliolate ; racemes pyramidal, with 
small flowers. In spongy thickets near Sange, at the stream Quiapoze ; 
fr. with good seeds June 1857. Cou. Carp. 444. 


11. M. huillensis Hiern, sp. n. 

Desmodium huillensis Welw. ms. in Herb. 

A perennial herb of 2 to 4 ft. or an undershrub of 4 to 7 ft., 
woody at the base; stems strict nearly simple or with rather 
spreading virgate branches, reddish beneath the whitish pubes- 
cence, terete below; leaves unifoliate, erect-patent, pale-green, 
hoary, lanceolate, pointed at the apex, rounded or slightly cordate 
at the base, rigid, usually folded inwards along the midrib, 22 to 
4 in. long by 3 to 2 in. broad when opened flat; petiole broadly 
winged, 3 to 3 in. long, wings foliaceous, of the same colour, 
texture and surface as the leaf, terminating upwards with a 
stipelliform narrow apiculus; stipules narrowly lanceolate, + to 
+ in. long, deciduous; racemes terminal and axillary, strict, 
apparently forming a pyramidal panicle; flowers ? to 1 in. long; 
pedicels ranging up to 4 in. long, pubescent, bracteate at the base, 
solitary or a few together; calyx 3 to 2 in. long, campanulate, 
ebracteolate, pubescent, bilabiate; the upper lip ovate, acute, 
minutely bidentate at the tip ; the lower lip rather exceeding the 
upper lip, deeply trifid, lobes ovate acute, the lowest outermost 
and longest each rather narrower than the upper lip; standard of 
a dirty-blue colour, obovate-orbicular, in flower patent reclinate 
folded backwards, longitudinally striate, not quite glabrous on the 
back, with a short broad channelled claw; wing-petals deep blue, 
obliquely oval, ascending, shorter than the standard and keel, 
somewhat adhering to the keel; keel greenish-blue, boat-shaped, 
rather blunt; stamens diadelphous; the axillary stamen free at 
the base and apex; 5 of the remaining 9 stamens with oblong 
uniform anthers on short stalks; 4 stamens with abortive anthers 
which consist of elliptical white membranes embracing the inter- 
vening perfect anthers; ovary stipitate, compressed, linear, 
6-ovuled, girt at the base of the stipes with a thin rather tall 
disk, densely hairy at the edges, glabrous on the two faces; style 
rather compressed, sub-glabrous, filiform ; stigma small, capitate ; 
pod an inch long or longer, densely shaggy, on a long shaggy 
stipes of 1 to 1} in.; joints 4 or 5, elliptical, narrowed on both 
ends, with a shaggy golden-yellow tomentum appressed on the 
faces and spreading at the margins. 

Huiiita.—Very abundant on rather dry sparingly bushy hills 
between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola, at an elevation of about 5000 ft. ; 
rather rarely flowering ; fl. and young fr. 17 March 1860. No. 2167. 


12. M. megalantha. 
Desmodiwm megalanthum Taub. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 192 
(1896). 


A perennial herb ; root woody, several-headed ; stems gregarious, 


244 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. [ I eibomia 


erect, 7 to 14 in. high, obtusely angular, of a pale colour, sparingly 
pilose or glabrate; leaves unifoliolate, erect or ascending, oval- 
oblong, obtuse and shortly apiculate at the apex, rounded or very 
slightly cordate at the base, 2 to 4 in. long by 2 to # in. wide, 
margins narrowly revolute, glabrescent, or often the midrib 
appressedly pilose beneath ; petiole 7 to 4 in. long, broadly winged 
in an obovate manner with stipelliform subulate or needle-shaped 
stipels at the apex ; stipules lanceolate striate rigid 4 to 3 in. long, 
reddish-brown in the dry state; flowers axillary and sub-terminal, 
solitary or a few together, about 2 to ? in. long, pale purple, 
handsome, in terminal somewhat leafy racemes ; pedicels 3 to 4 in. 
long, somewhat pubescent; bracts ovate-subulate, ciliate, 3 in. 
long, deciduous; calyx campanulate, + to 4 in. long, somewhat 
pubescent, widely bilabiate, the upper lip bidentate at the apex 
with subulate teeth, the lower lip trifid rather longer than the 
upper lip with ovate acuminate teeth; corolla glabrous or nearly 
so ; standard orbicular-obovate, wing-petals somewhat adhering to 
the keel; filament of the vexillary stamen free for half its length 
from the staminal tube; ovary shortly stipitate; pod about 
2-jointed, ? to 1 in. long, pale tawny, shaggy-tomentose, about 
2-seeded ; stipes straight or curved, pale tawny, shaggy-tomentose, 
1 in. long more or less. 

Hurtia.—In thickets alongside forests in somewhat sandy places, 
from Mumpulla towards Nene and Humpata, not scarce but local ; 
fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2166. 

This species as well as the last is related to the East Indian species 
M. triquetra O. K. of the section Pteroloma ; it occurs also at Caconda 
farther in the interior of Angola, having been collected there by 
Anchieta, who gives for its local name “ Xicucu.” It is nearly related 
also to MM. Stuhlmannii (Desmodium Stuhlmannii Taub. in Engl. Pflanz. 
Ost-Afrika, C. p, 217 (1895), 


26. PSEUDARTHRIA Wight & Arn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl pawol, 


1, P.macrophylla Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 168. 


HuiLia.—Stem 3 to 4 ft. high, wholly herbaceous, erect, somewhat 
furrowed, shaggy or loosely tomentose ; leaflets on the upper part of 
the stem acutely pointed at the apex; flowers purple ; pods never 
constricted, shorter and broader than in P. Hookeri Wight & Arn. 
Sporadic, at the skirts of the forests near the great lake of Ivantala, 
along the river Cacolovar, at an elevation of 5000 ft.; fl. and fr. end of 
Feb. 1860. No. 2144. Suffruticose ; fr. June 1860. Cou. Carp. 537. 
Cf. CoLu. Carp. 467. 

This plant is possibly, as Welwitsch himself suspected, a form of 
P. Hookeri W. & A. 


2. P. Hookeri Wight & Arn. Prodr, Fl. Ind. p. 209 (1834) ; 
Baker, l.c., p. 168. 

Anarthrosyne robusta E. Mey. Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 125 
(1836). A. densiflora K1. in Peters Mossamb. Bot. i. p. 41 (1861). 


GoLuNGo ALTo,—A herb (or undershrub), 3 to 4 ft. high; stem 
erect, with many deep furrows, shortly tomentose, branched in a 


Pseudarthria| XLIV, LEGUMINOS#, 945 


pyramidal manner towards the apex; flowers violet-purple. Not 
uncommon on the higher slopes of Serra de Alto Queta, in damp 
places, among species of Andropogon and Pennisetum ; fl. and fr. May 
1856. No. 2142. 

PunGo ANDoNGO.—A robust herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, erect ; stem simple 
in the more robust individuals, loosely branched towards the apex ; 
leaflets broadly or obscurely crenate ; flowers purple, sometimes violet, 
very rarely whitish; pods quite continuous inside. Common, in 
elevated damp secondary thickets by streams near Caghuy within the 
lines of fortification ; fl. Feb. fr. April and May 1857. No. 2148. 


3. P. crenata Welw. ms. in Herb. 

An erect herb, 2 to 23 ft. high, scarcely branched up to the 
inflorescence; stem furrowed, hispid-pubescent, rigid, reddish- 
brown ; leaves trifoliolate or the uppermost simple by abortion, 
shortly petiolate, rather longer than the internodes; petiole 
shaggy, 3 in. long; stipules narrowly linear-lanceolate, 3 to 3 in. 
long ; leaflets oval-elongate, cuspidate-apiculate, subglabrous and 
rather glossy above, pubescent beneath, the lateral leaflets sub- 
sessile 2 to 3 by 3 to 2 in., the terminal leaflet 3 to 4 by 2 to $ in. 
on a petiolule of about $ in.; stipels similar to the stipules but 
not half the size, deciduous; inflorescence terminal, erect, rather 
lax, half the length of the plant ; racemes arranged in a pyramidal 
manner ; flowers purple, + to 3 in. long, on slender thinly pubes- 
cent pedicels ranging up to 4 in. fascicled a few together; calyx 
half the length of the flower, thinly pubescent ; upper lip bidentate, 
lower lip trifid; stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen free; 
anthers uniform, short, obtuse ; ovary pilose, linear-oblong, curved 
at the apex; pods linear-oblong, 1 to 14 in. long by } to 3 in. 
broad, flatly compressed, shortly pubescent at least on the crenate 
margins, not articulated, about 5-8-seeded. 

Huviiuia.—In bushy places with tall herbage at the borders of forests, 
along the river Cacolovar, near the great lake of Ivantdala ; fl. and fr. 
end of Feb. 1860. No. 2145. 


27. URARIA Desv.; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 521. 


1, U. picta DC. Prodr. ii. p. 324 (1825); Baker in Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 169; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 139 (1884). 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A very rough tenacious herb, scarcely shrubby. 
2 to 8 ft, high, sometimes erect, at other times sarmentose-decumbent 
or obliquely ascending or climbing amongst bushes ; rootstock woody, 
very tenacious, oblique, 2 to4 ft. long, thickened in a fusiform manner, 
fibrous inside but remaining juicy, in much repute with the negroes of 
this region as an aphrodisiac ; leaves rigid ; leaflets 1 to 9, usually 7, 
subcordate at the base ; petals rose-coloured or violet, fugacious ; pod 
moniliform, with 3 to 7 circular pearly obliquely placed joints, the 
extreme one bearing the long persistent flaccid style. In thickets 
alongside primitive forests, here and there throughout the district, as 
for instance near Sange and at Mussengue; fl. April and May 1855, 
and July and August 1856 ; without fl. beginning of December 1855 : 
fr. August 1856. Native name *‘ Caiala camoxe,” or ‘‘ Camoxo-caiala,”’ 
that is, ‘‘always a boy.” No. 2111. 

AmpBaca,—A herb apparently perennial, in some cases scarcely a foot 


246 XLIV, LEGUMINOS#. | Uraria 


high, in other cases ranging up to 7 ft. and half-climbing amidst shrubs ; 
flowers rose-coloured. In bushy places near Izonga; fl. Oct. 1856. 
No. 21110. 


28. FABRIOIA Scop. Introduct. p. 307 (1777); non Thunb. 
(1779), nee Gaertn. (1788), nec Adans. (1763).  Alysicarpus 
Neck. (1790); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 522. 


1. F.nummulariefolia O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 181 (1891). 

Hedysarum nummularifolium L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 746 (1753). 
HT, vaginale L., lc. Alysicarpus nummularifolius DC. Prodr. ii. 
p. 353 (1825). A. vaginalis DC., lc.; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr: up. 170, 

AMBRIZ.—A perennial herb, with cespitose prostrate-ascending 
stems. On gravelly hills near Ambriz ; fl.and fr. Nov, 1853. No. 2128. 

Loanpa.—Alto das Cruzes, in grassy hills, pretty frequent ; fl. and 
fr. May 1854. Pods in the living state sub-cylindrical, remarkably 
thickened in the upper part, joints always rectangular, not moniliform 
nor constricted ; very common on shortly-grassy pastures near the 
ocean between Sambe grande and Cabolombo ; fl. and fr. 30 July 1854. 
Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl.and fr, April 1858. No. 2129. A low under- 
shrub, with prostrate branches and inconspicuous violet-coloured 
flowers. Habit of Indigofera, but the leaves simple. Alto das Cruzes. 
Fr. Cou. Carp. 378. 

AmpBaca.—A perennial herb, prostrate, glaucous, with many stems 
and white flowers ; a shore plant, not seen in the mountain- wooded 
region. In rather dry flat places near N-gombe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. 
No. 2130. 


2. F. Zeyheri O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 182 (1891). 
Alysicarpus Zeyheri Harv. in Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap, i. p. 230 
(1862); Baker, l.c., p. 170. 


Hvriuia.—A perennial herb with the habit and mode of growth of 
the previous species, but with deeply sulcate stipules, calyx-lobes 
densely and long ciliate, and pod-joints moniliform not straight. 
Plentiful in the higher marshy pastures of Empalanca with short 
herbage flooded in the rainy season, at an elevation of 5500 ft. ; fl. and 
fr. end of April 1860. No. 2181. 


3. F. porrecta O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 182 (1891). 
Alysicurpus porrectus Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 171. 


Loanpa.—An annual herb with a smooth stem branched from the 
base ; branches rather spreading, virgate ; stipules nearly twice the 
length of the petiole ; calyx-lobes divided down to the base ; narrower 
than the other species, not imbricated by their margins at the base ; pods 
much longer than the calyx ; joints 6, orbicular, glabrous, transversely 
wrinkled, wrinkles flexuous acute anastomosing in the middle. Rather 
common at the grassy margins of pools (represas) nearly dried up at 
the time, near Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. April 1854, No. 2184. 


4, F, rugosa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 182 (1891). 

Alysicarpus rugosus DC. Prodr. ii. p. 353 (1825); Baker, /.c., p. 171. 

AmpacaA.—An annual herb; stems virgate ascending; flowers 
whitish : calyx scarious, rigid, striate, rose-purplish or whitish ; pod 
included, moniliform, with transversely oblong and wrinkled joints, 
the last joint empty, acuminated. Rather rare, in sandy places along 


Fabricia| XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. 247 


the banks of the river Lucala; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 2182. In 
shortly grassy places, flooded in the rainy season, at the left bank of 
the river Caringa ; fl. and ripe fr. June 1855. No. 21320. 

Puneo ANDONGO.—A perennial (?) herb, growing in a cespitose 
manner with a many-headed rootstock and numerous ascending stems ; 
flowers whitish ; pod but little longer than the calyx, joints trans- 
versely wrinkled, glabrescent. Frequent in bushy damp pastures 
near Pedras de Guinga ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 2133. In damp 
meadows near the rivulet Luxillo ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 21330. 
Pedras de Guinga ; fl. No. 5179. 


29. CICER L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 524. 


1. C. arietinum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 738 (1753); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 172; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 139 (1884). 


MossaMEDES.—Cultivated in fields about Cavalleiros, where it had 
been introduced from Portugal in the year 1855; in company with 
casual specimens of Pisum sativum L.; not yet fl. August 1859. Also 
occasionally wild at the banks of the river Bero; without fl. July 1859. 
Portuguese name “ Gra6 de bico.” No. 2245. 


30. LATHYRUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 526. 


1. L. sativus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 730 (1753); Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 174; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 139 (1884). 


MossAMEDEs.—Sporadic, in fields of Cicer arietinum L., near Caval- 
leiros, probably introduced with seeds of Cicer from Portugal, but 
cultivated nowhere in Angola; fl. and fr. August 1859. No. 2244. 


Pisum sativum L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 727 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 573; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 174, in note; Ficalho, 
Pl. Uteis, p. 139 (1884). 


GoLtunco ALTo.—Commonly cultivated throughout Angola, and 
occasionally wild. Quibolo, near Sange ; fl. July 1856. No. 2248. 


31. ABRUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 527. 


1. A. precatorius L. Syst. Nat. Edit. 12, ii. p. 472 (1767) ; Welw. 
Apont. p. 586, n, 27; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 175; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 140 (1884). 


S1eRRA LEONE.—By thickets in mountainous situations near Free- 
town; fr. Sept. 1853. No. 2246. 

Loanpa.—Sporadic but quite spontaneous alongside thickets, in 
sandy places, in company with Cienfuegosia pentaphylla (Welw. Herb. 
5221), near Penedo; fl. and ripe fr. March and April 1854. No. 2247. 

Lisonco.—A little shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high; branches sarmentose, 
climbing, twining; flowers purplish; quite spontaneous, apparently 
indigenous, in dense shrubby places between Banza de Libongo and 
Bombo ; fr. Sept. 1858. No. 22475. Cou. Carp. 398. 

GoLuNnGo ALTO.—A rigid twining shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, often hard- 
woody at the base; flowering axis very rigid ; flowers violet-purple. 
Called by the Cabundo negroes “Fingo gifingo.’ If not really 
indigenous, the plant must have been introduced in the early ages. 
In forests, often in places hitherto untouched by cultivation, along 
streams throughout the district, but always sporadic. By the Quiapoze 


248 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [Abrus 


stream near Sange, and by the Banza de Quilombo ; ripe fr. June 1856. 


No. 2248. 
2, A. canescens Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 175. 


CAZENGO.—An undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, clothed with appressed 
pubescence throughout, much branched, with long weak twining or 
intricate branchlets ; young leaves with a silvery lustre, adult leaves of 
different colours on the two surfaces, pubescent on both surfaces, 
hoary beneath ; leaflets 16 to 22; pods compressed, yellowish-green, 
mostly 6-8-seeded, not seen fully ripe, 14 to 1? in. long by 4 to 3 in. 
broad. In dense thickets along the banks of the river Moémbégé, near 
Dalatanda ; fr. June 1855, at an elevation of 2000 ft. No. 2249. 

PunGo ANbDONGO.—A weak slender widely climbing undershrub ; 
branches thin; flowering branchlets very long, virgate-sarmentose, 
more or less hoary-pubescent as also the leaves and bracts ; leaflets 20 
to 26; flowers arranged on a not thickened axis in remote spurious 
whorls, of a deep-violet-purple colour ; pods 12 to 2 in. long, 2 to 3° in. 
broad, compressed, about 8-seeded, yellowish-brown in the living state, 
appressedly pubescent, not seen. fully ripe. In rocky bushy places 
along the base of the gigantic rocks of Pungo Andongo fortress, near 
Canandua and near the road leading to Cambonde, rather rare ; fl. and 
young fr. April 1857, at an elevation of 3800 ft. No. 2250. 

Baker, /.c., p. 176, regarded the Cazengo plant as probably a different 
but closely allied species. 


32. CLITORIA Dillen., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 528. 


1. C. Ternatea L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 753 (1753) ; Baker in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 177. Cf. Robiniacea, Welw. Apont. p. 590, 
no. 36. 


LoanpA.—An apparently annual herb ; stem at first erect, here and 
there twining from the sarmentose branched base ; flowers large white ; 
frequent in dried up clayey fields flooded in the summer, between 
the city of Loanda and Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. July and Dec. 1858. An 
undershrub, woody at the base ; stem abbreviated ; branches virgate- 
elongated, twining ; pods whitish, chartaceous, linear, rather compressed, 
somewhat torulose between the seeds; between Teba and Quicuxe ; 
fr. July and August 1858. <A herb, apparently lasting for several 
years but scarcely perennial, sometimes prostrate but mostly scandent ; 
flowers whitish with a very pale-yellow tinge; calyx bi-bracteolate, 
tubular, gradually dilated, at the base with 5 prominent thick nerves, 
gibbous, equally and deeply 5-cleft; standard large, much exceeding 
the wing-petals and keel ; stamens 10, diadelphous ; ovary elongate- 
oblong, softly pilose ; style rather compressed, sigmoid-curved at the 
base, bearded below at the apex; in rather dry sandy places, near 
Maianga do Povo and de El Rei, climbing on species of Huphorbia and 
Rhipsalis ; fl. end of Dec. 1858. No. 2215. An undershrub ; flowers 
whitish, handsome. A form with narrow leaves. On plains flooded 
in the rainy season, near Quicuxe; fl. and fr. June 1854. No. 22150. 
An annual or biennial herb ; stem branched, twiggy ; leaves pinnate ; 
flowers large, white. In fields after a crop of maize ; Quicuxe, fr. June 
1860. Cox. Carp. 458. 

BarRA DO BENGO.—A heterophyllous form. In bushy places at the 
banks of the river Bengo, near 8S. Antonio; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. 
No. 2216. 

GoLuNnGo Atro.—On bushy hills, on a red-clay soil, near Sange, 
fl. and fr. May 1855 and August 1857. No. 2217. 


Glycine | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 249 


33, GLYCINE L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 530. 


1. G. javanica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 754 (1753); Baker in Oliv. 
PE Trop. Afran. ps brs. 


Hvitia.—A twining, widely-climbing herb; leaflets rather thick, 
velvety-tomentose beneath ; flowers white, marcescent, quickly turning 
reddish-brown ; calyx-lobes long-pilose-ciliate ; pods vesicular-inflated, 
many-seeded. In bushy pastures, about Lopollo, by the path leading 
to the forest ; fl. and young fr. middle and 23 March 1860. No. 2190. 


Var. 8. longicauda Baker, /.c. 

GoLtunco Autro.—A widely-climbing undershrub, with whitish 
flowers. In thickets, along the left bank of the rivulet Delamboa, 
infested with Bridelia, etc., and at the margins of forests about Sange ; 
fl. and fr. from March to July 1855. No. 2185. Herbaceous, climbing ; 
stem twining; pods racemose ; near Aldea de Golungo Alto, in hot 
situations ; fr. Oct. 1854. Couu. Carp. 534. 


2. G. micans Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 179. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A_ suffrutescent herb, very widely climbing ; 
leaflets in the living state silvery-silky-pilose, shining, flowers whitish. 
Abundant, at the borders of the damp woods of Sobato Mussengue ; 
fl. and young fr. Oct. 1855. No. 2186. 


3. G.andongensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 179. 


Punco ANDoNGo.—An undershrub, climbing toa considerable height ; 
flowers whitish, turning tawny in the drying. Rather rare, seen only 
near Luxillo, at the borders of forests ; fl. April 1857. No. 2189. 


The following No., without flowers or fruits in the British 
Museum set, differs from the last species by narrower and longer 
mucronulate leaflets (2 to 3 by 4 to 1 in.) :— 


GoLtunco ALtTo.—A twining slender suffrutescent herb, climbing 
far ; flowers not seen in a good state of development, apparently red 
or whitish ; young pods sub-falcate, densely rigidly hirsute. Sparingly, 
by thickets at the river Cuango, near Undelle; beginning of April 
1856. No. 2188. 


4. G. hedysaroides Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. p. 1060; Baker, d.c., p. 179. 


LoanpDA.—An undershrub; stem below  hard-woody, slender, 
branched at the height of half a foot ; branches elongated, 1 to 3 ft. 
long, scandent ; leaves trifoliolate ; flowers axillary, small, white ; 
stamens monadelphous ; anthers all alike ; pods bivalved, 4-5-seeded, 
cellulose-septate between the seeds ; seeds sub-uniform, dark brown. 
In neglected fields near Quicuxe, Cacuaco and Teba, on the left bank 
of the river Zenza ; fl. and ripe fr. July 1854. No. 2214. 


34. TERAMNUS P. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 530. 

1. T. labialis Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii. p. 235 (1826); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 31. p. 180. 

AmBriIz.—An intricate-scandent herb, with small whitish flowers. 
In exposed places formerly cultivated and at the time neglected, in the 
forest near Mubango ; fl. without fr. Nov. 1853. No. 2218. 

GoLUNGO.—Sporadic, by thickets near Bango-Aquitamba, at an 
elevation of 2400 ft. ; fl. April 1855. No. 2187. 

CAZENGO.—Twining on Hugonia (cf. Welw. Herb. No. 1585), at the 
base of Serra de Muxaulo; ripe fr. June 1855. No. 21870. 


250 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [Lrythrina 


35. ERYTHRINA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 531. 

1. E. suberifera Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 183; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 140. 

Erythrina suberosa Welw. Synopse, p. 30, n. 73; non Roxb. 
Corallodendron suberifera O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.i. p. 173 (1891). 


GoLuNGO ALTO.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk 12 to 20 in. in 
diam. at the base ; bark thickly corky, cracked ; branches spreading 
irregularly or patent ; calyx spathaceous, clothed with a cinnabar-red 
tomentum, 5-cleft at the apex ; lobes obovate-spathulate ; standard 
twice as long as the calyx ; pods 2 to 23 in. long, cylindrical-com- 
pressed, deeply torulose, quickly dehiscent. Abundant at the borders 
of primitive forests as a tree, and formerly cultivated as a small tree 
of 5 to 8 ft. or even as a shrub of 3 to 4 ft., in secondary thickets and 
reed-beds. Flowers twice ina year, namely in April and Sept. The 
trunk resists the most vehement forest-fires, sending out after the 
occurrence of rain leafy and flowering shoots from the trunk burnt 
nearly to the heart. A very splendid species, much recommended to 
horticulturists. Native name, ‘ Molungo.” In the forests of Sobato 
de Mussengue, as vast trees, in ripe fr. Oct. 1854; fl. and young fr. 
April 1856. No. 2230. In rather open forests along the banks of the 
stream Cuango, and neighbourhood ; young fr. July 1855. No. 2229. 
Bark whitish-chestnut, corky ; flowers deep red-scarlet ; pods dehis- 
cent; seeds scarlet, with a black oblong umbilicus. Canguerange ; 
fr. Oct. 1854, Coii. Carp. 399. Between Sange and Mussengue ; 
fr. June and August 1856 and 1857. Cou. Carp. 400, 401, and (a 
specimen of the wood) 950. 

The Molungo is a small tree, very common on the stony slopes of the 
interior districts of Angola, especially in Cazengo, Golungo Alto and 
Ambaca ; it is distinguished among all the rest of the trees of this region 
by its corky bark, resembling that of the cork-oak of Portugal, with 
which however it has nothing more in common. Both the bark of this 
tree and its root are reputed by the natives as an efficacious remedy for 
secondary syphilis in the form of a decoction, the same virtues being 
attributed to it as to sarsaparilla. See Welw. Synopse, p. 30 n. 73. 


2. E. huillensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 183. 
Corallodendron huillense O. Kuntze, l.c., p, 173. 


Hur.a.—A small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, patently branched; bark 
not corky, rather smooth ; stem and branches whitish, aculeate ; both 
surfaces of the younger leaves the peduncles and calyces tomentose ;. 
flowers bright-red ; calyx deeply 5-cleft at the apex ; pods moniliform. 
Sporadic, in mixed primitive forests along the banks of the river 
Monino, in company with species of Proteacex, Sesban, etc. ; fl. Dec. 
1859, in leaf and fallen fr. April 1860; at an elevation of about 
5000 ft. No. 2231. Lopollo ; fr. May 1860. Cou. Carp. 402. 


Cou. Carp. 403 is the dehiscent fruit of a tree with deciduous 
leaves cultivated in the Lisbon botanical garden in August 1861, and 
is apparently Erythrina poianthes Brot., a species which has been long 
cultivated in Portugal. 


36. STIZOLOBIUM P. Br. Hist. Jamaic. p. 290 (1756). Mucuna 
Adans. (1763); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 533. 
1. S. urens Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 299 (1807). 


Mucuna urens Medik. in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. ii. p. 399 
(1787); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 185. 


Stizolobiwm | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 251 


GoLuNGo Atro.—A shrub, climbing to a great height, woody up to 
a man’s height, then herbaceous-sarmentose, armed in all parts except 
the corolla with stinging hairs ; stems more or less twining, tenacious ; 
branchlets slender, pendulous from the head of palms or other trees ; 
flowers umbellate, rather fleshy, sulphur-greenish ; pods oblong, pendu- 
lous, lamellate, tardily dehiscing, 5 to 7 in. long, 2 to 24 in. broad, 
compressed-concave ; sides very deeply and obliquely furrowed ; crests 
rigid, interrupted in the middle; sutures deeply and broadly uni- 
sulcate ; seeds 2 or 3, globose-compressed, black, thinly wrinkled, zoned 
at four-fifths of their equatorial circuit with a linear umbilicus. A 
very handsome species, one of the highest ornaments of the primitive 
forests, on account of its remarkably silvery-glistening leaflets, with 
rather long-pendulous cymes enveloped when young by very broad 
oval obtuse bracts, tolerably distinct from all other species of Angola, 
and highly noteworthy on account of the metamorphosis of the calyx, 
at first cylindric-tubular, afterwards abbreviated-dilated. In the moist 
very shady primitive forests of Sobato de Mussengue by the river 
Delamboa, climbing on Bordao (Raphia sp.) ; sparingly fl. Jan. and 
Feb. 1855, fr. May, June and July 1856. No. 2239. Flowers cymosely 
pseudo-umbellate, from yellow to greenish ; peduncles pendulous ; pods 
with crowded broad vertically erect transverse plates dentate or erose 
on their edge, and very deeply sulcate on each suture ; seeds orbicular, 
quite black when ripe, with somewhat impressed points on their faces. 
In the forests of Mussengue, near the river Delamboa ; fl. and ripe fr. 
Jan., Feb. and May 1856. Co... Carp. 404. 


2.8. pruriens Medik.in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. ii. p. 399 (1787). 
Mucuna pruriens DC. Prodr. ii. p. 405 (1825) ; Baker, J.c. 7 P- 187; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 140 (1884). 


GoLunGco ALTo.—An undershrub, climbing far and wide, covered 
all over, except the corolla, with stinging hairs, flowering and fruiting 
usually in its first year, but nevertheless at length with the behaviour 
underground of a perennial plant or, when living amongst reeds or tall 
species of Andropogon, persisting with its stem shrubby at the base ; 
flowers handsome, deep- (almost black-) blue or deep-violet-blue, 
arranged on half-pendulous racemes ; bracts lanceolate, + to ~ in. long, 
long-acuminate, densely beset with long pilose hairs, deciduous ; calyx 
yellowish-green ; upper lip ovate-lanceolate from a broad base ; lobes 
of the lower lip lanceolate, the middle one longer than the others, all 
much acuminate ; standard dark-purple, broadly ovate, scarcely cordate ; 
wing-petals almost twice as long as the standard, dark- purple, spathu- 
late, curved at the base, embracing the keel which is tinged with 
violet-rose-colour ; pod pendulous, about 25 to 3 in. long, linear, rather 
compressed, furrowed on the faces along its whole length, dehiscing 
in a sigmoid-curved manner, when young densely covered with very 
rigid dark-purple pilose hairs, at length shining and golden-tawny, 
always stinging badly as do also though in a less degree the hairs of the 
stem and branches, causing pains which last for days and nights ; seeds 
4 to 6, black, oval- ellipsoidal, 4 $ to } in. long, tumid ; umbilicus oblong- 
linear, short for the genus. Native name “ Quicuta,” which collectively 
is given to several species but mostly to this ; it is the most stinging of 
the species observed in Angola. Remarkably frequent, in open woods, 
in neglected spots of previous cultivation, and in rather dry reed-beds ; 
also not uncommon at the bushy margins of primitive forests; Serra de 
Alto Queta, Sobato de Mussengue, Sange, etc.; fl. at different parts of 
the year according to soil and position, May 1855, end of March and 


252 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. [ Stizolobiwm 


April 1856 ; young fr. May 1855 ; ripe fr. April, May and July 1856. 
No. 2238. In reed-beds near Trombeta among Andropogon sp. A 
winter form, flowering and fruiting a second time, June 1855. 
No. 22380. 

GOLUNGO and CAzENGO.—Pods unisulcate on their faces ; furrows 
longitudinal or rather marked along with a winged-shaped rib. Called 
“ Quicuta azul.” Cou. Carp. 406. Apparently fruits of the same 
species from tropical America. CoLu. Carp. 407. 


3. §. stans O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 208 (1891). 

Mucuna stans Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 187. 

Punco ANpoNGO.—A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high or more, standing erect, 
much branched from the base ; branches erect, virgate, as well as the 
branchlets erect-patent ; leaves evergreen, pinnately trifoliolate, silvery- 
shining, rather thick, soft, not coriaceous. Neither the stems nor the 
ieaves, nor at length either the calyces or the pods, are of an herbaceous- 
green colour; flowers blue or dark-purplish, fascicled in a ternate 
fashion in erect-patent racemes, secund ; calyx tubular-campanulate, 
bilabiate ; upper lip shortly cleft ; lower lip tridentate, the middle tooth 
being longer than the other two; standard broadly ovate, repand at 
the base on both sides of the claw, incumbent on the equally long 
wing-petals ; keel longer than the standard and wings, sub-falcate 
towards the apex, cartilaginous-rigid, acuminate-pungent as mostly 
in Mucuna; stamens 10, diadelphous ; 5 filaments equal; 5 clavate- 
thickened towards the apex, bearing incumbent circular-ovate anthers, 
while the anthers of the other stamens are oblong-linear and erect ; 
ovary pilose, elongated-conical ; stigma narrowly capitate, very thinly 
glandular-penicillate. Hairs of the pods stinging rather severely, 
as in S. pruriens. Frequent, in rocky thickets within the lines of 
fortification, as for example near Cazella and Catete; fl. 14 April 
1857, fr. Nov. 1856. No. 2237. In primitive forests; fr. May 1807. 
Cou. Carp. 408. 


4, 8. Poggei. 

Mucuna Pogget Taub. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxii. p. 194 (1896). 

A shrub, climbing to a great height, pendulous towards the 
extremities, stinging badly; branches glabrescent; branchlets 
sub-herbaceous, pilose ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets obtuse 
at both ends, cuspidate or apiculate at the apex, somewhat 
pubescent with appressed hairs above, glistening beneath with 
appressed hairs; lateral leaflets very obliquely ovate, rounded or 
somewhat excavated at the base, the lower side broad almost 
auricled, the whole 3 to 44 by 2 to 34 in. on a short pilose petiolule 
of 4 to ¢ in. long stipellate at the base; the central leaflet some- 
what rhomboidal or broadly ovate 34 to 44+ by 24 to 37 in., ona 
petiolule of 2 to 14 in. articulate and stipellate a little below the 
top; common petiole 22 to 5 in. long; racemes about a foot long 
or more; pedicels 3 to § in., often 2 together; flowers numerous, 
2 to 34 in. long, the largest of all Angolan Leguminose except 
Giganthemum scandens Welw., Herb. No. 550, yellowish-green, 
rather fleshy; calyx very shortly campanulate, almost pan- 
shaped, sub-bilabiate, fleshy-rigid, beset outside throughout with 
golden-tawny rigid almost glassy stinging pilose hairs; upper 
lip shortly bidentate; lower lip obtusely and shortly 3-lobed ; 


Stizolobium | XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 253 


standard oblong, bifid one-third way down from the apex with 
a very acute sinus, half the length of the keel and wing-petals ; 
claw short, broad, concave ; wing-petals obliquely lanceolate, 
callous at the base, emarginate-bifid; lamina concave; petals of 
the keel cohering in a ventricose manner, emarginate and un- 
equally 2-lobed below, falcate at the apex, subcartilaginous-rigid, 
whitish to pale-sulphur-greenish as is also the whole corolla, 
with an oily gloss and unpleasant smell ; ovary hairy; style not 
twisted ; pods without furrows, more or less constricted between 
the seeds, brown-tomentose. 


GoLuNGoO AxttTo.—Not uncommon, in primitive forests and groves 
of palms (“ Die,” Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), along the banks of the river 
Delamboa; fl. Feb., fr. June 1856. No. 2240. Pods 2-4-seeded, 
oblong or 1-seeded orbicular, hispid, quite obtusely sinuate or crenate- 
tuberculate on the sutures. Cou. Carp. 409 and 410. 

Punco ANDONGO.—By the loftier trees along the base of the 
gigantic rocks of the fortified district of Pungo Andongo, on the 
south-west, near Musondo ; fl. Feb. 1857. A lateral branch of the 
stem at least 30 ft. long with racemes in flower-bud, 1 Feb. 1857. Also 
part of the same stem in fl. with fully developed leaves. No. 2241. 

According to Welwitsch this species most resembles S. edlipticum 
Pers., but in that species the flowers are umbellate and the calyx-lobes 
lanceolate. 


37. PHYSOSTIGMA Balf.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 538. 


1. P. venenosum Balf. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. xxii. p. 310, 
ti lO p11 (1861) >» Baker in OlivH1: TropyAtr a pi Wot. 


OLD CALABAR.—COLL. Carp. 417, 


2. P. cylindrospermum E. M. Holmes in Pharm. Journ, Ser. ITT. 
ix. p. 913 (1879); Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1879, p. 185. 

Mucuna cylindrosperma Welw. ex Baker, L.c., p. 186.  Stizo- 
lobium cylindrospermum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 208 (1891). 


GoLunGgo ALTo.—A shrub climbing to a great height, then pendu- 
lous with very long twisted twigs ; stem and leaves not stinging ; 
peduncle 4 to 6 ft. long, hanging down from a lofty tree; ripe pods 
racemose, 5 to 7 in. long, 1 to 14 in. diam., cylindrical, acuminate at 
both ends, somewhat ventricose in the middle, with numerous obliquely 
transverse lamellate scores outside, brownish-grey, not stinging, 
furrowed along the back, lined inside with a whitish shining quasi- 
medullary membrane ; seeds 2 or usually 3, oblong-cylindrical, 1 to 
1+ in. long, reddish-brown, very hard like stone, impressed along one 
side with a deep narrow trench along the whole length. Rather rare, 
in the primitive forests of Mata de Quisucula, near Bango Aquitamba ; 
fr. Oct. 1855. No. 2242. In the absence of the flowers, the final 
determination of this plant must remain uncertain. Flagelliform 
branches attaining 30 to 40 ft., pendulous; leaflets quite glabrous, 
smooth-glossy, herbaceous; pods 4 to 6 in. long, sub-cylindrical, 
attenuate-subulate at the apex, gradually attenuate at the base, trans- 
versely but rather obliquely rimose, not stinging, 2- or 3- or rarely 1- 
seeded, a little constricted between the seeds. Native name “ Maxima 
i4 muxito.” In the primitive forest of Quisuculo, Sobato Bango- 
Aquitamba, rather rare ; fr. 1 to 3 Sept. 1855. Con. Carp. 405. 


254. XLIV. LEGUMINOSZ. | Dioclea 


38. DIOCLEA H. B. & K.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 536. 


1. D. reflexa Hook. f. in Hook. Niger FI. p. 306 (1849) ; Welw. 
Apont. p. 584, n. 9 (1859); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 189. 


Gotunco ALro.—A widely and rather high climbing undershrub, 
hanging down for a long distance ; stem twining ; petioles and leaves 
patently pilose; flowers deep violet-purple, handsome. On tall shrubs, 
in Sobato Cabanga Cacalungo ; fl. and fr. March 1856, at an elevation 
of 2400 ft. No. 2232. A much-branched scandent shrub ; seeds 2 or 3, 
biconvex, two-thirds surrounded by the long linear umbilicus. Cabanga 
Cacabunga, Feb, 1856. Near Trombeta, Sept. 1857. Cox. Carp. 411. 


39. CANAVALI Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 325 (1763) ; Canavalia 
DC. (1825), Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 537. | 

1. C. maritima P. Thouars in Desv. Journ. Bot. i. p. 80 (1813). 

Canavalia obtusifolia DC. Prodr. ii. p. 404 (1825); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 190. Canavalia Moneta Welw. Apont. 
p. 588, n. 62. 

Ampriz.—In maritime sandy stations at the mouth of the river 
Loge on the left bank, near the bridge at Ambriz ; only one plant, 
fr. without fl. Nov. 1853. No. 2192 (partly). Cou. Carp. 412. 

BarrA DO DanpE.—Seeds when quite ripe red-brown, oblong- or 
obovoid-globose, very hard. Praia de 8. Thiago; fr. Sept. 1858. 
No. 2192 (partly). An annual plant, procumbent to a great distance. 
Praia de S. Thiago; fr. Sept. Coin. Carp. 416. Leaflets obovate- 
rotund ; flowers purple ; seeds5 or 6 (Welw. Apont., /.c.). 

Loanpa.—A creeping herb, ascending, coriaceous-fleshy throughout 
even to the flowers ; stem puberulous with white sub-appressed hairs ; 
leaflets rigidly coriaceous, elliptic-orbicular, scarcely shining, wrinkled- 
veiny above, densely raised-veiny between the lateral veins below ; 
corolla bright-purple, coriaceous; petioles and petiolules deeply 
channelled ; pods linear-oblong, 5-8-seeded. Rather rare, but several 
specimens near together, in maritime sandy places, near Conceigad, 
after the fall of the flower, in June 1858. No. 2191. Penedo; fr. 
August 1858. Cou. Carp. 415. Suffruticose, scandent, or prostrate, 
with very long runners ; seeds used as small change. Boa Vista Sept. 
1854. Cou, Carp. 533. 


2. C. incurva P. Thouars in Desv. Journ, Bot. Appl. i.p.80(1813), 
Canavalia ensiformis DC. Prodr.ii. p.404 (1825); Baker, /.c.,p.190, 


Loanpa,—A high-climbing herb; flowers whitish-rose-coloured ; 
pods 12 to 13 in. long; seeds red. Cultivated and occasionally sub- 
spontaneous, and amidst neglected crops in gardens, about the city of 
Loanda; fl. and fr. March to June 1858. No. 2193. A high and 
widely climbing undershrub, annual ; leaflets sub-coriaceous ; flowers 
rose-coloured ; pods a foot long ; seeds white. In neglected plots of 
previous cultivation near Bemposta; fl. and fr. May 1859. No. 2194. 
Fr. cultivated in gardens in the city of Loanda, August 1858. CoLt. 
Carp. 951. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—A large herb, somewhat shrubby at the base ; 
stems very tenacious, hard, green, climbing far and wide ; rachis of the 
flowering racemes very hard, rigid, coarsely nodose ; flowers violet- 
purple ; calyx green. Not at all common, in rather open woods by 
thickets along the right bank of the rivulet Quibdlo ; fl. and young fr. 
19 March 1856 and May 1855. No. 2195. Ripe fr. June 1855. 
Cou. Carp. 414. Large red bean ; Sept. 1855. Cox. Carp. 413. 


Canavali| XLIV. LEGUMINOSE. 255 


CAZENGO.—In mountainous places near Palmira; fl. 25 Dec. 1854. 
No. 21950. ; ; 

Punco ANDONGO.—Flowers nearly whitish throughout; in bushy 
places near Caghuy; fl. April 1857, at an elevation of 3800 ft. No. 2196. 


40. PHASEOLUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 538. 


The following Nos. from the carpological collection apparently 
belong to this or some allied genera; they consist of seeds 
only, and it is difficult or impossible to assign the species in 
each case :— 


GoLunGo ALTO.—Bango road. Called “ Bari.” Cou. Carp. 425. 
Ten kinds such as are cultivated in this district, 1857. Cou. Carp. 456. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Condo on the Cuanza, March 1857. Several 
species or varieties such as are cultivated in Bihé and Bailundu. 
Cou. Carp. 419. 


1. P. lunatus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 724 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 573 (1859) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 192. 


GoLtuNGco ALtTo.—A widely climbing herb; standard herbaceous- 
green ; wings whitish ; keel whitish-green; pods 2-3-seeded ; in deserted 
fields near Cambondo, sometimes cultivated by the negroes; fl. and 
young fr. July 1855, at an elevation of 2400 ft. No. 2203.. Cf. CoLt. 
‘Carp. 420, 421. 


2. P. adenanthus G. F. W. Mey. Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 239 (1818) ; 
Baker, l.c., p. 192. 


PuNGO ANDONGO.—Cultivated near the fortress of Pungo Andongo, 
and occasionally spontaneous ; fr. not quite ripe March 1857. No. 2197. 


3. P. vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 723 (1753) ; Baker, .c., p. 193. 


LoanpA.—F lowers whitish-yellow. Commonly cultivated throughout 
the district and occasionally subspontaneous along neglected fields ; 
in cultivated fields near Maiango do Povo; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1858. 
No. 2198. 

GoLuneo ALTO.—A twining annual herb; flowers whitish-yellow 
and variegated with violet, somewhat turning yellow, at other times 
altogether whitish or wholly violet ; seeds of a uniform colour, or 
variegated, striated, etc.; it ripens fruit two or three times in each year 
in one and the same place. Varzea de Isidro, and near Undelle, Cami- 
lungo ; frequently cultivated throughout the district ; Oct. and Dec. 
1855, and June 1856 ; at an elevation of 2400 ft. No. 2199. 


The following No. looks more like a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris 
L., than anything else (Baker ms. in study set) :— 


GoLuNGO ALTO,—A widely climbing herb; leaves large ; leaflets 
5 to 73 in. long, about equalling the common petiole ; flowers yellowish- 
violet ; by thickets of primitive forests, between Sange and Sobato 
Mussengue, very rarely met with ; fl. April 1856. No. 2205. 


The following Nos. from the carpological collection apparently 
belong here :— 


GoLuNGO ALTo.—Varzea de Bango, June 1856; seeds yellow-greenish 
such as very rarely occur. Cou. Carp. 418. Varieties of the common 
kidney-bean gathered in the field below Isidro’s house. CoLu. 
Carp. 424. 


256 XLIV, LEGUMINOSZ. | Vigna 


41, VIGNA Savi; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 539. 

1. V. procera Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n. 

A handsome robust erect closely hairy herb, growing in dampish 
situations to the height of 3 to 5 ft., with several stems, leafy 
from the base to the apex, of a pretty green hue; branchlets 
compressed-angular, furrowed, rather erect than patent; hairs 
glistening; leaves trifoliolate, the upper ones 3 to 6 in. long; 
stipules obliquely ovate, subacute or acuminate, from a_ broad 
sessile base, erect, not peltate, persistent, + to 2 in. long, hairy 
outside, glabrous or nearly so inside; common petiole 3 to 3 in. 
long, hairy, stout; leaflets oval-oblong, not lobed, obtuse at both 
ends, apiculate, glandular-hairy on both sides, firmly chartaceous, 
the terminal one 24 to 5 by 1} to 2 in. ona petiolule ot 3 to : a 
lateral leaflets 14 to 3} by 2 to 1} in. on petiolules of 54, foe > ile 
stipels small, ovate, partly glabrous, deciduous ; flowers about an 
inch long, yellow, turning purple in ‘the dry state, clustered a few 
or several together at and near the extremity of lateral any 
peduncles of 2 to 9 in. in length ; bracteoles lanceolate, acute, 7 in. 
long ; calyx § in. long, hairy outside, glabrous or nearly so inside, 
cainpanulate, deeply 5-cleft, on a very short pedicel ; lobes 
lanceolate-prolonged, acute, the two upper ones connate a little 
higher and rather larger than the rest; the lowest lobe a little 
shorter than the rest; standard orbicular, obcordate, folded 
together above the claw, with inflexed auricles; stamens dia- 
delphous, the vexillary stamen free from the first; filaments of 
the other stamens connate two-thirds way up; anthers uniform, 
obtuse ; ovary compressed, linear, hairy, nearly 4 in. long; ovules 
about 6; ; style glabrous below, penicillate at. the apex, bearded 
below the oblique stigma ; disk surrounding the base of the 
ovary cupuliform, 10-dentate; pods 13 to 2 in. long, 4 to 7 in. 
broad, somewhat compressed, not winged, more or less septate 
internally ; seeds 3 to 6, reniform, + in. long, rather compressed, 
of a coffee-brown colour (in the dry state). 

Hvuriuia.—In grassy places, at the banks of the great lake of Ivantala, 
at an elevation of about 4500 ft., sporadic ; with a few fl. and in fr. end 
of Feb. 1860. No. 2274. 

A distinct species, coming amongst African species nearest to Vigna 
Burchell Harv. 

2. V. andongensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 197. 

Pungo ANDOoNGO.—On the grassy slopes of Serra de Pedras de 
Guinga ; (in leaf January ;) in leaf and fl. March 1857. No. 2268. 

3. V. radicans Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 198. 

Hv1Ltia.—Rootstock perennial, fusiform ; stems whip-like, several, 
prostrate, rooting at the nodes ; leaflets obtuse, apiculate ; calyx-teeth 
elongated, very narrow, rufous-feathery ; corolla deep- violet. Remark- 
ably social, resembling clover in European meadows; in dampish 
pastures, near Humpata ; fl. and younee fr. April 1860 ; at an elevation 
of 4000 to 4500 ft. No. 2254. 

4, V. reticulata Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 310 (1849) ; 
Baker, t.c., p. 198. 


Vigna] XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 257 


GoLunGco AutTo.—A widely climbing herb, in habit of foliage 
resembling a species of Lygodium ; flowers reddish. In the wooded 
thickets of Mato de Quisuculo; fl. and young fr. April 1855; at an 
elevation of 2400 ft. No. 2251. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Leaflets rather rigid ; flowers violet-purple, In 
grassy woods near Mopopo, at an elevation of 3800 ft.; fl. 30 April 
1857. No. 2252. 


5. V. golungensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 199. 
GoLunGco ALTo.—A scandent or prostrate herb, with yellow flowers. 


In wooded places on a sandy schist, near Mussengue ; fl. without fr. 
April 1856. No. 2271. 


6. V. capensis Walp. in Linnea xiii. p. 533 (1839). 

V. vexillata Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. xv. I. p. 193, t. 50 f. 1 
(1859); Baker, lc, ii. p. 199. 

GoLtuNGo AxTo.—A twining herb, remarkable for the hairiness of 
all parts except the corolla and also for the elongated teeth of the calyx ; 
standard of a dirty-violet colour longitudinally overrun with rather 
raised dark-purple veins; wing-petals blue-violet ; keel pale-violet, 
almost whitish. Not common, in grassy places, at the borders of the 
primitive forest of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. and young fr. 24 May 
1856. No. 2253. A twining herb, climbing far but not high ; flowers 
violet-coloured ; rather rare, at the skirts of the reed-beds and thickets 
of Sobato de Bumba, near the house of Luis Pereira ; fr, 17 Feb. 1856. 
No. 2275. Flowers violet-purple ; by the road at the skirts of the 
primitive forests of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. and young fr. May, in 
ripe fr. June 1856. No. 2276. 

-MossaAMEDES.—F lowers large, violet-coloured ; standard much curved 
inwards. In!fields planted with Saccharum officinarum L., near Boa 
Vista ; one specimen; fl. and fr. July 1859. A form with leaflets 
13 to 23 by 2 to 12 in., all rounded at the base. No. 2270. 


Var. ? albiflora (Welw. ms.). 
Flowers white. 


MossaMEDES.—At the banks of the river Bero (Rio das Mortes) near 
the town; fl. June 1859, fr. June 1860. Con. Carp. 426. 


7. V. phaseoloides Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 200. 

Puneo ANpoNGO.—Flowers about 1 in. long, violet-purple ; calyx 
3 in. long ; pods narrowly linear, subulate-apiculate. In bushy pastures 
by the river Cuanza at the borders of forests, in company with two 


species of Protea, between Sobato Bumba and the Condo cataract ; 
fl. and fr. in the rainy season, March 1857. No. 2269. 


8. V. platyloba Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n. 

A decumbent herb, at length twining-scandent, often 3 to 6 ft. 
long ; rootstock thick, perennial; stems ascending at the base and 
not rarely erect to the height of 2 to 3 ft.; branches straggling, 
remote, elongated, at length climbing, curved, more or less angular, 
thickly beset with short downward hairs from a small bulbous or 
glandular base; leaves pinnately trifoliate ; common petiole hairy 
like the branches, firm, ? to 2} in. long; stipules lanceolate, 7 to 
2 in. long, hairy outside with upward hairs; stipels ovate, obtuse, 
nearly glabrous but with small sessile glands, small ; central leafiet 
irregularly rhomboid or oval in general outline, very obtuse, 


17 


258 XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. [ Vigna 


mucronate, more or less trifid, 2 to 24 in. os 1i to 2 in. wide, 
with obtuse lobes and on a petiolule of 2 to 2 ti bearing the 
stipels shortly below the apex; lateral leaflets i2 to 27 in. long, 
1 to 14 in. wide, similar but lop-sided, the outer “lobe being only 
or chiefly developed ; all the leaflets spread with appressed hairs 
and scattered with small sessile shining glands, firmly chartaceous ; 
flowers rose-purplish, # in. long, clustered a few together, sessile 
or subsessile, near the extremities of axillary pedunculoid branches 
of | to 6 in. in length; calyx 3 in. long, campanulate, appressedly 
hairy outside, shortly lobed ; upper lip or lobe deltoid, bidentate, 
lower lobes 3, ovate-deltoid ; stamens diadelphous ; vexillary stamen 
free from the base; the other with filaments free for 2 of their 
length; anthers uniform, obtuse ; ovary compressed, oval- linear, 
ciliate on the edges, glabrous or nearly so on the faces; style 
flattened, glabrous below, bearded above ; stigma oblique; young 
pod appressedly hairy, sub-linear, compressed. 

PunGco ANnbDoNGO.—In the somewhat sandy thickets of the more 
open forests, between Caghuy and Sansamanda ; fl. and young fr., also 
without fl., in April and May 1857. No. 2278. 

This species is nearly related to Vigna hastifolia Baker. 


9. V. holosericea Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 200. 


GoLuNGO ALTo.—Whitish-silky in all parts; flowers very large, 
12 in. long, rose-purple ; in bushy places, at the banks of the river 
Muia, Sobato Cabanga Cacalungo ; fl. and young fr. beginning of 
June 1856. No. 2258. 

CAZENGO.—By thickets, between Cambondo and Luinha, rather rare ; 
flowers about 13 in. long ; pods (young) 5 to 6 in. long; June 1855. 
No. 22580. 


10. V. parviflora Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 201. 


MossaAMEDES.—F lowers greenish-purple, + to 4 in. long, the smallest 
of any species of this genus in the collection. Rather rare, in sandy 
reed-beds, at the banks of the river Bero ; a unique specimen ; fl. and 
young fr. August 1859. No. 2266. 


11. V. ambacensis Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 201. 


AmMBACA.—A rather rigid herb, climbing in a twining manner ; mode 
of growth of the flowering shoots remarkable ; rachis with dense and 
thick nodes ; flowers violet-purple, rather small, 5 in. long, numerous ; 
standard pubescent. In damp thickets and reed-beds, at the left bank 
of the river Caringa ; fl. and young fr. June 1855, at an elevation of 
about 2800 ft. No. 2260. 


12. V. comosa Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 202. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Flowers yellow or turning yellow. In bushy 
places with tall grass, near Condo, above the cataract ; fl. March 1857. 
No. 2257. 


13. V. ornata Welw. ex Baker, J.c., p. 203. 


GoLtunco ALTo.—A much- beanie rigid undershrub, climbing 
widely, woody to a considerable height, copiously flowering, 4 to 6 ft. 
high; leaves chartaceous-rigid, pale-green, shining ; flowers large, 
much-cr owded, handsome, conspicuous from a long distance, purple- 
violet and variegated with blue. Calyx shortly campanulate ; limb 


Vigna | XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 259 


4-cleft ; 3 lobes broad, obtuse, the lowest ovate ; the top lobe more or 
less deeply emarginate ; standard broad, obliquely reflexed, at the base 
with a lanceolate callus and downward gibbous appendages ; petals of 
the not twisted keel a little unequal ; beak obtuse, bent inwards ; 
standard and wing-petals violet-purple ; keel whitish-yellowish ; 
vexillary stamen free, its filament kneed at the base, with a short 
obtuse appendage ; style compressed, deeply channelled on both sides, 
above spathulate-dilated, puberulous ; stigma crest-shaped, hispidulous. 
By thickets along the banks of the river Quiapoze near Sange, a 
remarkable ornament of the place ; fl. and young fr. April, May, and 
June 1856. No. 2259. 

14, V. triloba Walp. in Linnea, xiii. p. 534 (1839); Baker, l.c., 
p. 204. 

LoanpA.—A herb persisting for several years but scarcely perennial ; 
stems branched, sarmentose, climbing widely; leaves very poly- 
morphous ; flowers rose-violet; fruiting peduncles much elongated. 
Frequent in sandy thickets composed of Euphorbia, Alto das Cruzes; 
fl. and fr. 13 Feb. 1858.. Morro da Cruz, April 1854. No. 2262. 

GoLuNGo ALtTo.—A herb of 4 to 8 ft., climbing far and high ; 
branches at times 3 to 4 ft. long; flowers green-purplish ; standard 
violet, quickly marcescent, greenish-violet on the external surface, 
spotted with yellow at the base inside ; wing-petals beautifully blue or 
of a deep red-violet colour ; keel white or slightly violet. A form with 
leaflets broader, shorter and more compact than usual. Common and 
polymorphic, in reedy thickets and in grassy places with tall herbage, 
around Sange, Undelle, and by the Ambaca road ; Sept. 1855, April, 
May and July 1856. No. 2277. 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—A herb enduring apparently for several years ; 
stem climbing, divaricately branched, angular ; flowers yellowish in 
the bud, when expanded with a pale rose-whitish keel, and standard 
and wing-petals pale-purple. In grassy thickets between Candumba 
and Lombe ; fl. March 1857. Seen previously in Dec, 1856 near Condo 
within the fortifications. No. 2263. 

The following No., destitute of leaves, appears to belong to this 
species; the stipules accord :— 

AMBRIZ.—On sandy hills near the city of Ambriz; fr. Nov. 1853. 
No. 2261. 


15. V. huillensis Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 204. 

Hviiita.—A perennial twining herb, glabrous throughout; stem 
with several furrows ; stipules peltate, rigid, nerved ; leaves trifolio- 
late ; stipels suboval-spathulate ; odd leaflet truncate-cuneate at the 
base; calyx-teeth rather shorter than the papillose-rugose tube, 
broadly deltoid; bracteoles orbicular-elliptic or broadly obovate ; 
flowers about 1 in. long and broad, bright rose-violet ; standard 
marked at the base with two yellow spots. In bushy pastures between 
Humpata and Lopollo ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859 ; at an elevation of 
from 4000 to 5000 ft. No. 2264. 


16. V. Catjang Walp. in Linnea xiii. p. 533 (1839). 

V. unguiculata Walp. Rep. i. p. 779 (1842) ; Welw. Apont. p. 573 
(1859). V. sinensis Endl. ex Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 386 (1848) ; 
Baker, /.c., p. 204; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 142 (1884), 

LoanpA.—An annual climbing herb ; corolla open only for a few 
hours, soon closed being covered by the standard; standard of a 


260 XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. [Vigna 


whitish pale-sulphur colour ; wing-petals violet-purple ; keel whitish. 
Very rarely spontaneous, at the edges of fields; very frequently 
cultivated throughout the district. Near Alto das Cruzes and in the 
island of Cazanga Maringa do Povo; fl. end of Feb. 1858. No. 2272. 

Lizonco.—Frequently cultivated and subspontaneous, at the banks of 
the river Lifune, in moist fields; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1858. No. 2272b. 

GoLtunago AxTo.—An annual herb, sometimes prostrate on the 
ground, at other times twining and climbing; flowers yellowish or 
the standard yellow-violet, wing-petals violet ; keel whitish-yellowish ; 
seeds dark-purple. In fields throughout the district, and more or less 
cultivated in nearly all mountainous parts ; occasionally spontaneous ; 
fl. and fr. at Sange in May 1856. Native name “ Macundi” (plural), 
‘‘Licundi” (singular). No. 2273. Sange, frequently cultivated, and 
also spontaneous; seeds July 1856. Cou. Carp. 422.. Two crops 
in a year, in April and Dec.; frequently cultivated from Sange to 
Trombeta. Cox. Carp, 423. 


17. V. glabra Savi, Obs. Gen. Phaseol., Mem. iii. p. 8 (1825). 
V. luteola Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xv. I. p. 194, t. 50, f. 2 
(1859); Baker, l.c., p. 205. 


Huritia.—A slender, widely climbing herb, with yellow-violet- 
variegated flowers ; in damp meadows near Catumba; fl. and young 
fr. April 1860. No. 2267. Along wooded thickets near the great lake 
of Ivantala, sporadic ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1860. No, 22670. 


Var. £. villosa. V. villosa Savi, l.c., p. 9. V. luteola, var. B, 
Baker, l.c., p. 206. 


GoLtunco ALtTo.—Twining, puberulous or hispidulous ; flowers 
yellow, standard orange-red, pubescent; in damp _palm-groves, 
Mussengue, between Sange and Bango, by the road, along streams ; 
fl. and ripe fr. 1 May 1856. No. 2255. <A twining herb, climbing 
high ; racemes very acute; flowers violet-purple, mostly set two 
together in the axil of a papilliform body ; in the wooded thickets of 
stream Quibolo, rather rare, Arimo do Mariano; fl. and young fr. 
April 1856. No. 2256. <A hispid rather rigid climbing herb ; flowers 
soon after opening beautifully blue before midday, but after some 
hours’ exposure to the sun becoming red or violet; in the wooded 
thickets of the primitive forest of Quisuculo ; fl. April 1856. No. 22560. 


The following No. is of quite uncertain species, but must be 
compared with this; it is represented in the British Museum set 
by a drawing and a detached flower :— 

AMBACA.—A perennial herb, at the time of collection in flower but 
entirely destitute of foliage, about 3 in. high; flowering stem some- 


what hairy with downward hairs; flowers rose-violet. In the rather 
dry pastures near N-gombe ; Oct. 1856. No. 2265. 


42, VOANDZEIA P. Thouars ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 207. 


1. V. subterranea P. Thouars ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 474 (1825). 
Welw. Apont. p. 573; Baker, i.c., p. 207; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 142 (1884). 

GoLuNGo ALtTo.—Cultivated, rather rare; seeds in Oct. 1854. 
Cou, Carp. 427, 

PuNGco ANDONGO.—Flowers smaller than described in FI. Trop. 
Afr, lc. Rather rarely cultivated about Caghuy and Bumba ; not 


Voandzeia | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 261 


seen wild; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 2206. Condo, Bailunda. Native 
name “ Viélo.” Fr. March 1857. Cot. Carp, 428. The Bambarra nut. 
Fr. May 1857. Cou. Carp. 429. 

BENGUELLA.—Near the town. Fr. Cou. Carp. 430. 


43. CACARA P. Thouars in Dict. Sc. Nat. vi, p. 35 (1806). 
Pachyrhizus Rich. (1825); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, Pl. i. p. 540. 


1. C. (2) orbicularis. 
Pachyrhizus ? orbicularis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 208. 


Puneo ANDoNGO.—A herb, woody at the base ; stem cylindrical, 
softly tomentose, twining, climbing rather high; leaves trifoliolate, 
stipellate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed ; racemes 
spicate, slender, long-peduncled; bracts widely ovate, acuminate ; 
flowers very shortly pedicelled, whitish-yellow ; calyx campanulate ; 
upper lip shortly bifid ; lower lip trifid, the middle broader a little 
longer and shortly acuminate ; petals all clawed ; standard obcordate- 
orbicular, auricled at the base on both sides; wing petals each with a 
long lobe or tooth on one side of the base ; keel very obtuse ; stamens 
monadelphous ; anthers uniform; ovary sessile, linear-compressed, 
nearly straight, clothed with long pilose white hairs, about 8-ovuled ; 
style glabrous, curved or bent, scarcely tapering upwards ; stigma 
small, capitate, oblique, presented towards the standard. Sporadic, in 
exposed thickets, climbing on taller plants, at the base of Serra de 
Pedras de Guinga; very sparingly fl. Jan. 1857, at an elevation of 
3800 ft. No. 2184. 

In the absence of the fruit the genus must remain doubtful. 


44, BOTOR Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 326 (1763). Psophocarpus 
Neck. (1790); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 540. 


1. B. palustris O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 163 (1891). 

Psophocarpus palustris, Desv. in Ann. Se. Nat. Ser. i. vol. ix. 
p. 420 (1826); Baker in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p, 212 (1876). 
P. longepedunculatus Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. p. 388 (1848); Baker 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 208 ; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 142 (1884). 
P. Mabéla Welw. Apont. p. 589, n. 69. 


AmpBriz.—A widely climbing herb; leaflets rather fleshy ; flowers 
bluish ; pods broadly 4-winged, 14 to 2 in. long, black when ripe, 
spirally twisted after dehiscence ; seeds several. Frequent, near the 
lake called Lagéa da Quibanza de Ambriz, at a distance of 2 leagues 
from the ocean ; in young fr. and climbing on a Composite (Conyza ?) 
as in the British Museum specimen, Noy. 1857. No. 2279. Twining ; 
pods broadly 4-winged; Lagéa de Quibanga; fr. Nov. 1853. Co... 
CarP. 532. 

LoANDA.—In moist situations with dense herbage, throughout the 
district but sporadic ; near Quicuxe, etc. ; fl. Dec. 1853; fr. Jan. 1854. 
No. 2279. 

Lisonco.—A_ herb, apparently persisting for several years ; stem 
slender, tenacious, very widely climbing; flowers pale-blue ; pods 
4-winged ; seeds edible, sedulously collected, and cooked in palm-oil by 
the negroes like those of other species of the Phaseolee. Very abun- 
dant in marshy bushy places throughout this district, but at some 
distance from the coast ; fl.and fr. Sept. 1858. Native name “‘ Mabala.” 
No. 2279c. Leaves trifoliolate ; pods broadly winged, 2-6-seeded ; seeds 


262 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Botor 


eaten by the negroes in the same manner as those of Macundi. In 
thickets near the river Lifune ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. Couu. Carp. 432. 

Gotunco Auto.—A herb with its stem suffruticose at the base, 
twining or climbing far and widely ; leaves and habit of a Stizolobiwm, 
but the stem leaves and pods entirely free from stinging hairs ; leaflets 
of the younger specimens not rarely marked with broad yellowish- 
green spots ; flowers bright-violet, hardly smaller than those of Pisum 
sativum ., but much contracted in drying ; anthers ovate-oblong, 
abruptly acuminate, 2-celled ; membranes of the cells thick, swelled ; 
pods like those of a Tetragonolobus (a section of the genus Lotus), 
straight, 13 in. long, rather thick and compressed, turning quite black 
when ripe, dehiscent, 2-winged on each suture (therefore the whole pod 
4-winged) ; wings broad, membranous ; seeds several, as big as small 
peas, intercepted by partial dissepiments. Abundant and almost every- 
where by damp thickets and neglected palm-groves, especially near the 
river Quibdlo ; fl. and scarcely ripe fr. April 1856. Road by Bango, 
June 1856. No.2280. In thicketsnearCandombo, Co... Carp. 431. 


45. DOLICHOS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 209. 


1. D. Lablab L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 725 (1753); Baker in Oliv- 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 210; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 143 (1884). 
Lablab cultratus Welw. Apont. p. 590, n. 85. 


Loanpa.—A perennial herb or at least lasting for three years; root- 
stock woody, many-headed ; stems nuimerous, sarmentose, scandent, 
constituting very dense extensive low thickets, scarcely 3 ft. high ; 
flowers sometimes purple, sometimes sulphur-yellow or variegated ; 
seeds black, eaten by the negroes. By stagnant pools, at the banks 
of streams, and in moist bushy fields, about Quicuxe, Imbondeiro 
dos Lobos, Represa de Manuel Perevia, etc.; certainly indigenous ; fl, 
Dec. 1853, in fr. Feb. and April 1854; fl. and young fr. 7 July 1854. 
No. 2200. 

BaRRA DO BENGO.—A prostrate much-branched far-procumbent 
herb, annual and also persisting for several years, or at least biennial ; 
runners far-creeping or somewhat twining ; stems greenish, as also the 
petioles and peduncles ; standard reflexed from the claw, folded back 
on the sides, violet-purple ; wing-petals appressed to the keel, violet- 
purple ; keel faleate upwards through a right angle, closely including 
the essential organs, whitish ; style patently bearded on the side facing 
the standard ; stigma waxy-fleshy, capitate-obtuse ; pod 14 to 13 im. 
long, 4 in. broad, finely transversely wrinkled, whitish-brown, scimitar- 
shaped, typically 5-seeded, evidently muriculate on the upper suture, 
obsoletely so on the lower suture, somewhat hooked at the apex ; seeds 
oblong-elliptical, but little compressed, dark brown and indistinctly 
black-spotted. Not uncommon, in moist thickets from Quicuxe towards 
Cacuaco ; fl. and fr. end of July 1858. No. 2201. Co... Carp. 433. 

Gotunco ALTo.—A herb, sometimes prostrate with the flowering 
shoots somewhat ascending, at other times widely climbing and 
twining ; flowers bright, purple-violet ; calyx 4-lobed ; the upper lobe 
broad, the 3 other lobes linear-lanceolate, very acuminate; style 
compressed, bearded beneath below the truncate stigma ; pod densely 
tomentose, at length when fully ripe whitish-woolly. In bushy places 
at the borders of forests between Sange and Sobato Bango Aquitambe ; 
fl. and fr. 1 May 1856. No. 2204. A much elongated herb, very 
widely climbing upon the ground and on neighbouring shrubs ; flowers 
violet-painted. In palm groves by the river Quiapoze; July 1855 ; 
fl.and fr. No. 22040. 


Dolichos| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 263 


Punco ANDonNGo.—A poor specimen in fl. and young fr. No notes. 
No. 4128. 

MossAMeprs.—A tall herb, widely climbing ; leaves rather rigid, 
deep-green ; flowers yellow, rather large ; seeds eaten by the negroes. 
In reedy places and amidst shrubs in damp places about the mouth of 
the river Giratil ; fl. and fr. 18 July 1859. No. 2202. Cou. Carp. 434. 


2. D. biflorus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 727 (1753) ; Baker, l.c., p. 210. 


LoANDA.—Weak ; flowers solitary, of a deep-sulphur colour ; pods 
membranous- or cellulose-septate inside, afterwards 1-celled. On 
rather dry elevated hills near Mutullo above Quicuxe, rare, climbing 
on low plants of Euphorbia; in sparse fl. and in ripe fr. May 1854. 
No. 2212. 

GoLunco ALTo.—An annual herb; stems rooting at the base, soon 
twining ; flowers yellow. On dry sparingly grassy hills of Serra de 
Queta Occidental (Moangue), at an elevation of 2400 ft.; fl.and young 
fr. March 1856. No. 2210. 

Puneo ANDoNGo.—A shaggy herb; stem procumbent-twining, 
extremities scandent; flowers whitish-yellow. Sparingly, in rather 
sandy dampish pastures, between Lombe and Quibinda (or Cabinda), 
at an elevation of 3800 ft. ; fl. and young fr. March 1857. A variety, 
according to Baker, /.c., p. 211. No. 2209. 


3. D. axillaris E. Mey. Comment. Pl. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p. 144 
(Dolichus) (1836); Baker, /.c., p. 211. 


GoLtunco AutTo.—A slender twining herb; leaflets deep-green, 
membranous; flowers green; petals all herbaceous-green at first, at 
length gradually somewhat sulphur-yellow. In plantations of Manihot 
utilissima Pohl, at the base of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, 
near Undelle ; fl. and young fr. end of April 1856. No. 2211. 

Hvitia.—A herb, prostrate at the base; stems at length twining, 
climbing on low shrubs ; flowers pale-yellow. In shortly bushy rather 
dry pastures between Eme and the great lake of Ivantala, rather 
sparingly : fl. and young fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 2208. 


4, D. rupestris Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 212. 


Huvu1Ltita.—Root woody, many-headed, penetrating the stony soil or 
clefts of the rocks with its firm elongated fibres; stems prostrate, 
somewhat flexuous, extending; leaves and yellow flowers secund 
downwards ; pods long and gradually acuminate. In stony places and 
in the clefts of rocks, along the borders of forests, near Mumpulla, at 
an elevation of 4000 ft.; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2219. 


5. D. stipulosus Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 212. 


Huitia.—A perennial herb; root somewhat woody ; fibres stout 
tubercle-shaped, nearly filipendular ; stems erect or ascending, 4 to 6 in. 
long, sparingly branched, flexuous, shortly tomentose ; leaves trifolio- 
late ; leaflets obovate-lanceolate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, broad, 
persistent, as well as the stipels nerved-striate or rather lined-sulcate ; 
flowers yellow yellowish or whitish ; style gradually subulate, thinly 
pubescent ; stigma capitate. Sparingly, in the elevated shortly bushy 
pastures of Empalanca, on the highest parts of Morro de Lopollo, at an 
elevation of 5000 ft.; fl. and very young fr. Nov. 1859. No. 2220. 


The following No. seems to be a taller form of this species ; it is 
a unique specimen :— 


Punco ANDONGO.—An erect herb, 15 in. high ; lower leaves simple, 
upper leaves trifoliolate ; stipules the length of the petiole; leaflets 


264 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ Dolichos 


lanceolate ; flowers whitish. In sandy woods near Cazella, within the 
fortified lines of Pungo Andongo ; fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 2221. 

Mr. Baker, l.c., refers in a note to another plant, which he 
states may possibly come in here; the next following No. appears 
to be the plant referred to :— 


Huiiia.—An erect rigid herb, with the habit of Cajanus, 1 to 13 ft. 
high ; root perennial, tuberous ; stems more or less pubescent, leafy 
above; leaves pinnately trifoliolate, shortly pubescent; stipules 
lanceolate, } to } in. long, pubescent outside, glabrous within; petiole 
4 to 3 in. long ; stipels lanceolate, +; to 4 in. long, about equalling the 
lateral petiolules, central petiolule ;7; to 4 in. long ; leaflets lanceolate, 
usually apiculate, three-ribbed, 2 to 32 in. long, 4 to 3 in. broad, the 
central one rather larger than the lateral ones ; peduncles axillary, 2 or 
3 together, each 1-flowered, + to 4 in. long, pubescent ; bracts filiform ; 
calyx 4 in. long, pubescent, cleft below the middle, the upper lobes 
connate nearly to the apex; lobes acute, narrow upwards ; pod 1} in. 
long, + in. broad, shortly pubescent, 4-6-seeded ; seeds } in. long, 
obovoid. In rather dry bushy pastures between Lopollo and Jau ; one 
plant ; fr. April 1860. No. 4126. 

6. D. andongensis Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 213. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A quite glabrous bright green climbing herb ; 
stem slender ; flowers violet and purple, variegated ; pods much com- 
pressed, falcate, gradually broader towards the apex; septa thin, 
membranous, sub-fugaceous. Sparingly, in damp forests, near 
Candumba, in company with Oxytenanthera abyssinica Munro (Welw. 
Herb. No. 1134) ; fl. and ripe fr. end of March 1857. No. 2207. 


7. D. densiflorus Welw. ex Baker, J.c., p. 214. 


Huitia.—A herb ; root thick, woody, many-headed, sub-tuberous ; 
stems several, 1 to 3 ft. high, erect or ascending, mostly sparingly 
branched from the base; leaves trifoliolate; leaflets coriaceous ; 
stipules costate-striate on the inner surface; flowers deep-yellow, 
condensed in short axillary many-flowered racemes; bracts and 
bracteoles obtuse; calyx two-thirds cleft in a bilabiate manner ; 
vexillary stamen at length quite free, deciduous with the standard ; 
style gradually subulate. In woods along streams, between Monino 
and the great lake of Ivantala ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. No. 2218. 


8. D? Dongaluta Welw. ex Baker, /.c., p. 214; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 143 (1884). 

GoLtunco A.Lro.—A perennial herb ; root thickly tuberous, with 
cracked bark fleshy fibres and exuding purple resin ; stems 1 to 2 ft. 
long, several from the same root, erect, angular, glabrous, not seen in 
full development ; leaves trifoliolate, stipellate ; leaflets inconspicuously 
hispidulous beneath along the raised nerves, otherwise quite glabrous ; 
flowers violet-purple, arranged on axillary peduncles in a fasciculate 
manner, racemose ; peduncles much shorter than the leaves, but appear- 
ing before the full development of the leaves ; bracts rather broadly 
ovate, with several nerves; bracteoles at the base of the calyx or on 
the middle of the pedicels, very narrow, subulate, caducous ; calyx 
thinly membranous, purple-punctate inside, shortly campanulate ; 
teeth deltoid, abruptly subulate at the apex, the two upper ones con- 
nate high up ; standard orbicular, with two auricles above the claw and 
again below the lamina; auricles oblong, obtuse, directed upwards ; 
wing-petals narrowly obovate, equalling the keel and slightly adhering 
to it ; keel curved inwards, not beaked, rather obtuse ; vexillarystamen 


Dolichos| XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. 265 


free, kneed at the base, glandular-appendaged at the knee ; anthers 
uniform ; ovary 3-4-ovuled, scarcely stipitate, girt at the base with a 
high tender truncate sheath ; style glabrous, compressed-dilated above 
the ovary ; stigma terminal, capitate, penicillate. In neglected fields, 
along the borders of forests, between Sange and Undelle, amidst 
deserted plantations of Manihot utilissima Pohl., rare; fl. Feb., in 
full foliage in May 1856; fr. not seen. Native name “ Dongaluta.” 
No. 2225. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—Probably a form of the same species with 
narrower leaflets ; in bushy places, on a dry-sandy soil, near Luxillo ; 
in leaf without either fl. or fr. April 1857. No. 2226. 

The fleshy-fibrous rhizome of this plant is cultivated in small 
quantities in Angola, and is considered to be the most efficient remedy 
in cases of gangrenous quinsies (see Welw. Apont. p. 574). 


9. D. elatus Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 214. 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—<An undershrub, almost a full shrub, 3 to 7 ft. 
high ; stems erect, branched, as thick as a finger at the base ; branches 
erect-spreading ; leaflets 3, ovate-orbicular ; flowers violet-purple. In 
rocky wooded places, at the banks of the river Cuanza, near Mupopo ; 
fl. and young fr. 30 April 1857. No. 20750. 


10. D. pseudo-cajanus Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 215. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An erect herb, suffruticose at the base, 2 to 3 ft. 
high ; flowers whitish-yellow ; standard of a violet tinge ; style always 
twisted at the base. In wooded tall-grassy meadows, between Caghuy 
and Candumba ; fl. and young fr. May 1857. No. 2222. 


11. D. splendens Welw. ex Baker, U.c., p. 215. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A perennial erect herb; stem 24 to 3 ft. high, 
simple or loosely branched, marked with several furrows, silky-pubes- 
cent as also the stipules petioles pedicels and calyces ; young leaves 
silvery-velvety, shining ; leaflets lanceolate or narrowly ovate, acute, 
velvety-tomentose on both surfaces, the younger ones silvery-spark- 
ling beneath ; petioles longer than the leaflets. Stipules and bracts 
strict. Flowers blue-purple, handsome, almost an inch long, 1 to 3 
together in the axils of the leaves, erect ; pedicels 3 to } in. long ; 
bracteoles linear or nearly filiform, very caducous ; style cartilaginous, 
twisted at the base, dilated for the lower two-thirds, channelled above. 
In elevated stony pastures, within the fortified lines of Pungo 
Andongo, near the Salt Spring, in Tunda Quilombo ; fl. from Dec. 
1856 to May 1857 ; fr. May 1857, at an elevation of 3800ft. No. 2223. 

Hv1_ia.—Leaves narrower, gradually acuminate; flowers of a 
brilliant violet-purple colour. In stony thickets, near Lopollo, in 
Morro de Ferra&o da Sola; fl. and fr. young and ripe Dec. 1859 and 
Jan. 1860, No. 2224. 

12. D. Anchiete Hiern, sp. n. 

Stems and branches subglabrate, rigidly herbaceous or some- 
what woody, bluntly angular, or apparently climbing, pale-tawny ; 
leaves pinnately trifoliolate, pale green and more or less scattered 
with short hairs above, paler dotted with small reddish glands and 
often more closely beset with short hairs beneath ; stipules small, 
ovate, deciduous ; petiole 1 to 34 in. long; terminal leaflet ovate 
or somewhat rhomboid, very obtuse at the apex, obtuse rounded 
or somewhat emarginate at the base, subcoriaceous or chartaceous, 
entire or scarcely repand, 13 to 5 in. long by 1 to 4 in. broad, on 


266 XLIV. LEGUMINOSAE. | Dolichos: 


a petiolule of 3 to 1 in.; lateral leaflets sub-oblique or nearly 
similar, sometimes a little broader especially at the base, on 
petiolules of 51, to 7 in. ; stipels long subulate or setaceous, decidu- 
ous, inserted ‘ab the base of the lateral petiolules and near the 
apex at a quasi-joint of the terminal one ; racemes axillary lateral 
and terminal, simple or paniculate, 3 to 12 in. long, shortly 
pubescent ; pedicels short, ranging up to j in.; flowers about 3 in. 
long, numerous ; calyx 2 in. long, shortly and closely tawny-pubes- 
cent, bibracteolate, cleft two-thirds way down, the two upper lobes 
connate more than half way, the others lanceolate-oblong, the 
lowest one rather the longest ; bracteoles linear, } in. long, decidu- 
ous; corolla glabrous ; standard apparently dark purple, broader 
than and about as long as the wing-petals, rather longer than the 
keel ; stamens diadelphous, anthers uniform, obtuse; ovary hairy, 
2-ovuled; style glabrous below, hairy above on one side; pods 
oblanceolate, compressed, a little curved, narrowed at both ends, 
puberulous, 2-valved, not jointed, 2 in. long by 3 to 3 in. broad; 
valves firm, almost woody, slightly convex; seeds 2, rather 
exceeding 7 in. long. 

Punco ANDONGO.—Lutete, at the sandy margins of woods ; fl. and 
fr. No. 4075. 

HuitiaA.—In the wooded thickets of Monino ; fl, beginning of Feb. 
1860. No. 4092. 

This species, with rather broad leaflets, occurs also at Caconda, in the 
interior of Benguella, where it was collected by Anchieta No. "35, in 
July 1880, and where it is called “ Xipumbulo.” 


46. CAJAN Adans. Fam. Pl. ii. p. 326 (1763). Cajanus DC. 
(1813); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 541. 

1. C. indorum Medik. in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Gesellsch. ii. 
p. 363 (1787). 

Cajanus flavus DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. p. 86 (1813). Cajanus 
indicus Spr. Syst. Pl ui. p. 248 (1826); Welw. Apont. p. 573 
(1859) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 216; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 143 (1884). 

LoanpA.—Cultivated and spontaneous in fields and by fences near 
Quicuxe, Imbondeiro dos Lobos, etc.; fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 2227. 

DanveE.—Fruit, in August 1860, semi-spontaneous and cultivated. 
Cou. Carp. 435. 

GoLunGco ALTo.—An undershrub, here and there a shrub of 3 to 4 ft. 
in height, loosely and erectly branched ; stem and older branches bare 
of leaves below for a considerable distance ; cultivated and spontaneous, 
almost everywhere, perhaps indigenous, by roadsides and in nearly all 
places of neglected cultivation, from Icolo to Sange, near Trombeta in 
Sept., near Sange in Oct. 1854; fl. and fr. No. 2228. 

The native name in Angola is J insonge”’ or ‘‘ Quinsonge.” 


47. DOLICHOLUS Medik. in Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. u1. p. 8354 
(1787). Lhynchosia Lour. (1790); Benth, & Hook.f. Gen. Pl.i.p. 542. 

1. D. angolensis. 

Cyanospermum angolense Welw. Apont. p. 586, n. 32. Rhyn- 
chosia congensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 217; vel affinis, 


Dolicholus| XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. 267 


GoLunGco ALTo.—A twining and widely climbing herb or under- 
shrub ; in the living state with green-yellowish indumentum ; standard 
sulphur-yellow, variegated longitudinally with purple lines; wings 
sulphur-yellow ; keel sulphur-yellow, variegated longitudinally with 
purple lines, becoming at the apex wholly purple ; pod 2-seeded ; seeds 
beautifully deep-blue. Rather rare, by thickets, near Sange ; fl. end of 
May 1855. No. 4067. In thickets; fr. July 1857. Cou. Carp. 454. 

CAZENGO.—Petals yellow, even after the fecundation of the flower, 
afterwards becoming rigid and tinged with red-brown, lengthening 
with the pod, persistent and together with the calyx embracing the 
pod. Rather rare, by thickets, along the banks of the river Luinha ; 
scarcely ripe fr. 11 June 1855. No. 4066. At the base of the Muxaulo 
mountain, sparingly ; seeds middle of June 1855. Cou. Carp. 453. 


2. D. calycinus. 
Rhynchosia calycina Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. p. 214 (1852) ; 
Baker, tc¢.; ps 21, 


SIERRA LEONE.—A widely but not high climbing shrub, with purple- 
red flowers (when dried), and pretty deep-blue seeds. In bushy 
mountainous situations, behind Freetown ; fl. and fr. without foliage, 
Sept. 1853. No. 4065. A climbing undershrub ; seeds. Cou. Carp. 452. 


3. D. minimus. 
Rhynchosia minima DC. Prodr.ii. p. 385 (1825); Baker, /.c., p.219. 


Loanpa.—An annual herb, procumbent or sometimes scandent ; 
flowers yellow ; keel and wing-petals included in the standard ; standard 
sprinkled on the back with brownish waxy-glandular points. Rather 
rare, in moist thickets near Imbondeiro dos Lobos; fl. beginning of 
May 1858. No. 4070. 


4. D. caribeus. 
Rhynchosia caribea DC. Prodr. ii. p. 384(1825); Baker, /.c.,p. 220. 


LoanpDA.—Boa Vista ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 4091. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A climbing herb, with a woody many-headed 
rootstock, numerous stems, and orange-yellow flowers. Sparingly in 
thickets near the river Calucala; fl. and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 4090. 


5. D. Memnonia. 

Rhynchosia Memnonia DC. Prodr, ii. p. 386 (1825); Baker in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 220. 

Ampriz.—Bank of the river Quisembo; fl.and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 4088. 

Loanpa.—Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 4087. 
A herb apparently perennial, at least persisting for several years ; 
stems prostrate or ascending-scandent, elongated ; flowers yellowish. 
Sporadic, in moist thickets near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and few fr. 
8 June 1858. No. 4086. 

BarRA DE BeENGO.—A twining herb, sometimes widely climbing, at 
other times nearly prostrate, with the stems disposed in a circle ; flowers 
from yellow to reddish or deep-yellow. In open palm-groves at the 
banks of the river Bengo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 4089. 

AmBacA.—A dwarf undershrub, hardly different from a herb, 
perennial, with a woody many-headed rootstock, prostrate stems always 
becoming somewhat woody, and ascending flowering branches ; flowers 
yellow, with purple calyx. Abundant, but only in a few localities, 
in sandy wooded stations between Halo and Zemba; fl. Oct. 1856. 
No. 4084. 

Punco ANDONGO.—FI. and fr. No. 4085. 


268 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Dolicholus 


MossAMEDES.—Flowers dark-yellow. In grassy situations near the 
river Bero; fl. and fr. end of June 1859. No. 4083. 


Var. candidus (Welw. ms. in Herb.). &. Memnonia B. Baker, 
l.c., p. 221, pro parte. 

A twisted undershrub, woody at the base, almost a little shrub, 
or a decumbent suffruticose herb, incano-tomentellous or cinereo- 
glaucous all over; flowers solitary, yellow. 

MossaMEDES.—Sparingly leafy. In sandy sub-maritime places near 
Saco de Giraul ; fl. (unique) and fr. 19 July 1859. No. 4069. On the 
sides of the mountains of Serra de Montes Negros, near Rio do Sal; 
without either fl. or fr. 10 and 19 August 1859. No. 4068. 


This variety approaches very nearly R. Schimperi Hochst. ex Boiss. 
Fl, Orient. ii. p. 626 (1872). 


6. D. filicaulis. 
Rhynchosia filicaulis Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 221. 


Bumpo.—Flowers purplish. Rather rare, in fields after cultivation 
of Arachis hypogea L., near Bumbo ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4093. 


7. D. letissimus. 

Rhynchosia latissima Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 221. 

CAzENGO.—A handsome undershrub, climbing with its stems (15 ft. 
long or more) on trees and quite covering them with its delightfully 
yellow flowers ; leaflets minutely pellucid-punctate ; calyx gibbous at 
the base near the insertion of the standard ; ovary densely resinous- 
punctate; ovules 2. In wooded bushy situations at the edges of 
forests on the left bank of the river Luinha ; fl. June 1855. No. 4074. 

The transference of the species from Rhynchosia to Dolicholus allows 
the restitution of Welwitsch’s trivial name as it appears in his ms. 


8. D. procurrens Hiern sp. n. 

A perennial herb; stems numerous, decumbent, pubescent, 
slender, elongated, sulcate-striate ; leaves pinnately trifoliolate, 
2 to 3 in. long; common petiole shortly pubescent, below the 
leaflets 1 to 13 in. long ; stipules lanceolate, acute, 4, to % in. long ; 
terminal leaflet depressedly orbicular-ovate, obtusely narrowed 
and sometimes mucronulate at the apex, broadly rounded or sub- 
cordate at the base, entire, thinly coriaceous, glabrate or nearly 
so above, shortly hairy on the veins and scattered with minute 
glands beneath, $ to 1 in. long by ? to 14 in. broad; terminal 
petiolule 3 to 4 in. long, jointed and often bent near the apex ; 
lateral leaflets more or less unequal-sided, otherwise similar to the 
terminal one, on short pubescent pedicels ; stipels small, subulate, 
at the base of the lateral petiolules and at the joint of the 
terminal petiolule; flowers orange-yellow, about 3 in. long; on 
pubescent pedicels 54, to } in. long, arranged in terminal and 
sub-terminal many-flowered racemes or panicles longer than the 
leaves ; calyx shortly pubescent, 3 in. long; tube campanulate, 
» in. long; lobes ovate or lanceolate ; corolla glabrous. 

Hv1Luia.—In sandy sparingly-bushy pastures near Humpata ; fl. and 
young fr. April 1860. No. 4071. 

Related to D. adenodes (Rhynchosia adenodes Eckl. & Zeyh.), differing 
by denser inflorescence, larger flowers and less conspicuous glands on 


Dolicholus| XLIV. LEGUMINOSZ. 269 


the underside of the leaves ; it differs also from D. letissimus by shorter 
not acuminate leaflets, denser inflorescence and smaller flowers. 

9. D. debilis. 

Rhynchosia debilis G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. p. 347 (1832); Baker, 
l.c., p. 222, 

GoLtuneo ALToO.—A widely but not high climbing herb; flowers 
yellowish, variegated with deep violet-purple lines. Sporadic, in the 
wooded thickets of Quibanga ; fl. and fr. June 1856. No. 4073. 

10. D. violaceus Hiern, sp. n. 

A twining widely climbing herb, sometimes prostrate ; stems 
softly grey-hirsute, terete ; leaves trifoliolate, somewhat pubescent ; 
petiole 4 to 24 in. long ; stipules lanceolate, 7 in. long, somewhat 
pubescent outside, nearly glabrous inside ; terminal leaflet broadly 
orbicular-ovate, narrowed to an acute or acuminate apex, truncate 
or obtusely narrowed or subcordate at the base, membranous, 
entire, scattered with minute glands, dull green above, paler 
beneath, with short hairs at least on the veins beneath, 12 to 33 in. 
long and broad, on a petiolule of 3 to 1 in. ; lateral leaflets unequal- 
sided, otherwise similar to and about as long as the terminal one, 
on short petiolules ; stipels very small, setaceous, near the apex at 
a bend of the terminal petiolule, also at the base of the lateral 
ones, deciduous ; racemes axillary or lateral, many-flowered, simple 
or divided, (including a peduncle of 14 to 3 in.) 4 to 9 in. long, 
puberulous ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles SE DnuPen deciduous ; 
flowers violet-blue and variegated with yellow, 3 in. long, deflexed ; 
calyx + in. long, scattered with short hairs, tube in. long, teeth 
ovate, ‘the lowest somewhat prolonged, the upper two connate half 
way ; standard hairy on the back; petals of the keel 2 in. long, 
with a long claw at the base ; wing-petals shorter, clawed at the 
base, adhering at the middle to the keel, with a spur a little 
below the middle; style glabrous towards the apex, exceeding the 
andreecium ; ovary densely hirsute with pallid hairs; pods pendulous, 
crowded, oblong, rather widened above the middle, pointed at 
the apex to the base of the often persistent style, hirsute with 
rigid pilose hairs glistening with gold colour and having a glandular 

base, 1 in, long by 3 in. broad; seeds 2. 

GoLtungo ALTo.—At the bushy margins of palm-groves along the 
banks of the streams Delamboa and Cate, not abundant; fl. and fr. end 
of May 1856 ; also one specimen in wooded ithickets among the moun- 
tains of Queta, fl. end of June 1856. No, 4080. Catomba, Luinha, 
fil. July 1856. No. 4081. 

11. D. luteolus Hiern, sp. n. 

Stems diffuse or scandent, more or less pubescent and glandular, 
terete ; leaves equ e somewhat pubescent ; petiole 2 to 3 in. 
long ; . stipules ovate, 3 in. long, pubescent outside, glabrous inside ; 
terminal leaflet broadly orbicular-ovate, narrowed to an acute 
apex, somewhat cordate at the base, entire, membranous, softly 
pubescent especially on the veins beneath, scattered with aoa 
glands, 2 to 4 in. long and broad, on a petiolule of 4 to Lin. 
lateral leaflets unequal-sided, otherwise similar to and about as 


270 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Dolicholus 


long as the terminal one, on very short petiolules; stipels small, 
setaceous, near the apex at a bend of the terminal petiolule, also 
at the base of the lateral ones; racemes axillary lateral or quasi- 
terminal, many-flowered, simple or divided, (including a peduncle 
of 1 to 3 in.) 5 to 12 in. long, pubescent; pedicels short, about 


yz in.; bracteoles lanceolate-subulate, deciduous; flowers ? in. 


long, patent or drooping; calyx shaggy outside, 2 in. long; tube 
z im. long, teeth subulate, the upper ones connate half way ; 
standard densely pubescent on the back; petals of the keel 3 in. 
long, with a long claw at the base ; wing-petals shorter, clawed at 
the base, adhering in the middle to the keel ; style glabrous towards 
the apex; pods shaggy, 13 in. long by 2 in. broad, clothed with 
bright yellowish hairs when young, patent or drooping ; seeds 2. 

GoLtuNGOo ALtTo.—A diffuse, often scandent herb, but in bare spots 
running out far horizontally ; corolla pale sulphur-yellow, keel and 
standard marked towards the apex with purple lines, wing-petals 
deep-yellow. In uncultivated situations at the sides of thickets near 
Menha-Lula ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 4078. <A suffruticose annual 
herb, wholly viscid, climbing widely ; flowers sulphur-yellowish, with 
the keel violet-coloured at the apex. By thickets along the borders of 
forests in Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. May and July 1856. No. 4079. 

Punco ANDONGO.—In flower. No. 4082. 

Nearly related to Rhynchosia stipulosa A. Rich., which Baker (l.c., 
p. 222) united with R. viscosa DC. 

12. D. ambacensis Hiern, sp. n. 

An erect or ascending herb, hoary- or somewhat tawny-silvery 
tomentellous, 13 ft. high or more ; rootstock woody perennial ; stem 
and branches firm, sub-terete ; leaves trifoliolate or occasionally 
unifoliolate ; stipules lanceolate, hairy outside, glabrous inside, 7 to 
2 in. long, deciduous ; stipels subulate, hairy, small, very deciduous ; 
petiole = to 14 in. long; terminal leaflet rhomboid or reniform- 
orbicular, obtusely narrowed to an apiculate apex, cordate or 
hollowed at the base, entire, subcoriaceous, softly tomentellous 
especially beneath, scattered on both sides with minute sessile 
glands, 13 to 3 in. long by 14 to 4 in. broad on a petiolule of 2 to 
5 in.; lateral leaflets unequal-sided, otherwise similar and about 
the same length, on very short petiolules ; flowers bright yellow, 
z in. long, numerous, arranged in axillary and sub-terminal 
simple or branched racemes of 2 to 4 in.; pedicels ranging up to 
~ In.; bracteoles like the stipules but smaller and often much 
narrower ; calyx 2 in. long, shortly pubescent, tube 3 in. long, 
lowest lobe lanceolate-acuminate longer than the others, the two 
upper lobes connate about half way ; standard somewhat hairy on 
the back, the other petals glabrous; stamens diadelphous ; ovary 
hairy ; style glabrous above; pods oblanceolate, compressed, more 
or less scattered with long hairs, closely beset with minute sessile 
glands, a little curved, 2-seeded with a transverse depression on 
both sides between the seeds, 2-valved, about | in. long by } in. 
broad or a little larger ; seeds } in. long. 

Ampaca.—Abundant, in dry sandy-clayey thickets between Izanga 
and Ambaca ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4077. 


Doiicholus| XLIV. LEGUMINOS2, 271 


13. D. huillensis Hiern, sp. n. 

A robust herb, apparently erect, silvery-tomentose in most parts, 
more than 2 ft. high ; stems and branches sub-terete, leafy ; leaves 
trifoliolate, 3 to 5 in. long; petiole firm, 3 to 1din. long; stipules 
lanceolate, about } in. long, deciduous ; stipels subulate, small, at 
the base of the short lateral petiolules and near the apex of the 
terminal petiolule; terminal leaflet orbicular-ovate, somewhat tri- 
angular as to the upper third part, pointed at the apex, slightly 
cordate at the base, coriaceous, velvety on both surfaces, entire, 
2 to 3 in. long and broad or sometimes a little larger; lateral 
leaflets rather smaller and somewhat one-sided, otherwise similar ; 
terminal petiolule 3 to 1 in. long, more or less bent near the apex 
at the insertion of the stipels; flowers yellow-tawny, 3 to Z in, 


6 
long; calyx densely hairy outside, about as long as the corolla, 


y 

tube z in. long, lobes lanceolate acute, the lowest prolonged, longer 
than the others, upper lobes connate half way, 3 to 2 in. long, 
equalling the intermediate ones; standard hairy on the back; 
keel and wings glabrous; stamens diadelphous ; ovary hairy, style 
glabrous towards the apex; ovules 2; racemes many-flowered, 
axillary and subterminal, crowded near the extremities of the 
stem and branches; 13 to 23 in. long; pedicels densely hairy, 
ranging up to 3 in. long; bracteoles small, deciduous. Pods 
not seen. 

Huitia.—In wooded situations among shrubs and tall herbage 
between Eme and the lake Ivantala ; fl. beginning of April 1860. In 
the drier thickets at the borders of forests near the lake Ivantila; 
fl.end of Feb. No. 4076. 

14. D. venulosus Hiern, sp. n. 

A pubescent undershrub, | to 2 ft. high; rootstock woody, few- 
headed ; stems branched near the base, at the apex erect or 
sarmentose-scandent ; branches sub-terete, rather slender, leafy 
below, leaves pinnately trifoliolate, 1 to 2 in. long; common 
petiole closely pubescent, below the leaflets 3 to 4 in. long; 
stipules lanceolate or ovate, acute, § to 3 in. long ; terminal leaflet 
lanceolate-oblong, obtuse and mucronulate at the apex, rounded 
or slightly cordate at the base, entire, thinly coriaceous, nearly 
glabrescent above, rather paler hairy on the veins and scattered 
with minute glands beneath, ? to 14 in. long by 4 to 2 in. broad ; 
reticulation clearly marked on both surfaces, paler above and in 
relief beneath; terminal petiolule 3 to } in. long, inconspicuously 
jointed and often bent near the apex; lateral leaflets unequal- 
sided and rather smaller, otherwise similar to the terminal one; 
stipels minute, narrow, deciduous; peduncles axillary, shortly 
hairy, slender, 2-4-flowered, 1 to 1} in. long; pedicels 54, to 4 in. 
long ; flowers 2 to 3 in. long ; calyx pubescent, 4 in. long, narrow; 
tube =; in. long; lobes lanceolate-subulate ; corolla glabrous; pod 
oblanceolate, compressed, somewhat hairy, not stipitate, slightly 
curved, 1} in. long by 3 in. broad; seeds 2; funicle central on 
the hilum. 


HUvILLA.—Sporadic, in shortly-bushy pastures between Catumba and 


212 XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. | Dolicholus 


Ohay, in company with various species of Crotalaria ; ripe fr. and few 
fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 4072. 

Related to the Cape D. puberulus (Rhynchosia puberula Harv.), 
differing by longer inflorescence ; also still more so to D. viscidulus 
(Rhynchosia viscidula Steud.) from which latter it differs by shorter 
petioles, longer and more oblong leaves, and shorter inflorescence. 


48. ERIOSEMA Reichenb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 543. 


1. E. psoraleoides G. Don, Gen. Syst. 11. p. 348 (1832). 

E. cayjanoides Hook. f. & Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 314 
(1849); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 227; Baker f. in 
Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 144. 


GoLuNGo ALtTo.—A shrubby bush, 5 to 6 ft. high, with a single 
trunk and spreading branches above ; leaflets mucronate or cuspidate 
with an obtuse apex, lateral veins reaching the margin ; stipules acute 
or obtuse; standard obcordate, emarginate, with an acute sinus. 
Between Trombeta and Cabondo, Sept. 1854; N-delle in June; on 
hills in company with species of ‘ Marianga” (Pennisetum) and 
Andropogon, near Cacuse in Lower Queta, end of May 1855 ; in fl. and fr. 
No. 4095. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—In fl. and fr. (no notes). No. 4115. 

Bumpo.—In the wooded pastures of Bruco, in Serra da Xella, 
sparingly ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 4118. 

Huitia.—An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, erect; flowers golden- 
yellow. In the drier thickets of Monino ; fl. and fr. beginning of April 
1860. No. 4117. 

2. E. ramosum Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 146. 

HviLua.—A small shrub or undershrub, 13 to 2 ft. high, with yellow 
flowers. In thickets on the pastures of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and very 


sparingly fr. April 1860. No. 4116. 
Perhaps a variety of EL. flemingioides Baker ; see Baker f., /.c., p. 236- 


3. E. andongense Hiern in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 148. 


Punco ANDONGO.—In wooded pastures at Sansamanda in Pedras de 
Guinga ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 4119. 

The following No. perhaps belongs to the same species ; it differs 
by having rather larger flowers with a shorter calyx :— 


Huritia.—Flowers yellow. Descent from Morro de Lopollo, near 
Humpata, in thickets subject to annual burning ; sparingly fl. and fr. 
Dec, 1859. No. 4120. 


4, E. griseum Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 228; Baker f. 
in Journ, Bot. 1895, p. 227. 

Go.tunco AuTo.—An undershrub, 2 to 33 ft. high, with yellow 
flowers ; in fl. at Menha Lula May 1855. No. 4106. 

ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—A silky-hoary undershrub ; root thick, woody, 
many-headed, perennial ; stems erect ascending or oblique; leaves 
softly coriaceous ; flowers deep-yellow. About 6 in. high ; an instance 
of the depauperated vegetation of the mountains of this district. In 
the drier stony parts of mountains, near Quicanda up to Tanderoxique, 
in flower in Sept. 1854: not uncommon in open rocky places on the 
left bank of the river Xixe ; fl. Sept. 1857. No. 4104. 

AMBACA.—A silvery-hoary undershrub, $ to 1 ft. high ; root thick, 
woody, many-headed; stems ascending, branched; branches and 
branchlets terminating in heads of yellow flowers. Habit nearly that 


Hriosema| XLIV LEGUMINOSAE. eA Ie 


of Cytisus. In the drier thickets between Isange and N-gombe ; fl. and 
fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4105. 


5. E. glomeratum Hook. f. & Benth. in Hook. Niger FI. p. 313 ; 
Baker, l.c., p. 228; Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 228. 


AMBRIZ.—By the river Quizembo ; without either fl. or fr. Nov. 
1853. No. 4109. 

GoLunGo ALTO.—An erect undershrub, or herb becoming woody at 
the base; flowers yellow, capitate ; rather sparingly in reed-beds, 
Serra de Alto Queta, above Camilungo ; with ripe fr. August 1856. 
No. 4108. In fl. and fr.; no notes. No. 4107. 


6. E. pygmeum Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 225; Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 229. 
Hviiia.—Flowers yellowish, with a purple keel. In wooded 


thickets near Mumpulla, at an elevation of 4000 ft., in company with 
species of Thesiwm and Thunbergia ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4123. 


7. E. Welwitschii Hiern in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 229. 


AmBaAca.—A dwarf perennial herb, with decumbent tenacious stems 
becoming woody at the base, and deep-yellow flowers. Not uncommon 
in sandy sparingly grassy situations at the banks of the Pampa stream 
near Ambaca ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 4121. 


8. E. cyclophyllum Welw. ex Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 231. 


Hvuriitita.—A_ perennial herb; rootstock many-headed, tuberous- 
filipendulous ; stems sub-czespitose, prostrate-ascending ; leaves orbi- 
cular, subsessile ; flowers orange-purplish. In shortly bushy rather 
rocky pastures about Lopollo, but by no means abundant ; fl. and fr. 
Dec. 1859. No. 4096. 


9. E. prunelloides Welw. ex Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 232. 


Punco ANDONGO.—In sandy thickets near Condo ; fl. and fr. March 
1857. No. 4100. 

10. E. gracile Welw. ex Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 233; 
non Klotzsch. 

L. gracillimum Baker f., l.c., p. 232. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—In marshy meadows near Sansamanda ; fl. and 
fr. May 1857. No. 4098. 

This species, with its weak prostrate stems, and pods much exceed- 
ing the calyx, fluctuates, as Welwitsch remarks in his ms. note, 
between this genus and Dolicholus. Since Klotzsch’s FE. gracilis has 
been reduced to a synonym of EF. glomeratum Hook. f. & Benth., there 
appears no necessity to neglect Welwitsch’s name, 


11. E. psiloblepharum Welw. ex Baker f., /.c., p. 233. 


Pungo ANnDONGO.—At Quitage, in the rainy season; fl. and fr. 
March 1857. No. 4101. 


12. E. leucanthum Welw. ex Baker f., /.c., p. 234. 


Hui1LtLA.—Root napiform ; flowers whitish-yellowish ; calyx deeply 
5-lobed ; lobes narrow nearly equal among themselves, many times 
longer than the tube ; petals all clawed ; standard obovate, not appen- 
daged ; wings narrow, almost sigmoid ; keel curved, obtuse ; vexillary 
stamen free; ovary sessile, pilose, 2-ovuled ; style elongate-filiform, 
curved in the middle, below the capitate and thinly papillose stigma 
somewhat flatly dilated ; pods oblong-suborbicular, 2-seeded. In hilly 
almost bushy situations near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 4099. 


18 


274 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ Hriosema 


13. E. terniflorum Hiern in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 234. 


Hv1LLta.—Rhizome furnished with elongated tubers ; flowers yel- 
lowish. In wooded bushy places near Nene ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 4122. 


14. E. filipendulum Welw. ex Baker f., /.c., p. 235. 


Huiiia.—F lowers whitish. In dry thickets near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. 
Dec. 1859. No. 4097. 


15. E. ellipticum Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 227; Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 236. 


Hur1a.—An erect sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; 
leaves unifoliolate, oval-oblong, 13 to 3 by 3 to 1 in., with resinous 
dots on both surfaces, deciduous when old at the time of the flower ; 
stipules lanceolate, small, early caducous; stipels subulate, ~; in. long, 
caducous ; flowers yellow ; style filiform, not dilated towards the apex ; 
pod compressed, elliptical, obliquely pointed, 11 by 2 in.; seeds 2. Very 
rarely met with, in stony thickets at the margins of forests, between 
Mumpulla and Humpata, at an elevation of about 4000 ft.; in leaf in 
Oct. and sparingly in fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 4102. 


16. E. Muxiria Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 229 ; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 143(1884); Baker f. inJourn. Bot. 1895, p. 236. 

Muxiria utilis Welw. Apont. p. 573. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An undershrub ; stems erect, hard-woody at the 
base ; root very thick, obliquely descending, forming a fleshy tuber 
2 in. long and 1 in. in diam., surrounded by thinner equally fleshy 
lateral fibres 4 to 6 ft. long; leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets 
stipellate, sinuous or repand at the margin, silky-strigose and silvery- 
glistening on the lower surface, with resinous glands difficult to discern ; 
stipels striate, persistent ; peduncles and racemes very straight ; flowers 
almost blue or violet, variegated with yellow and purple ; bracts 
persistent at the base of the calyx; ovary 2-seeded. The roots are 
employed, together with the fruits of the species of Eleusine called 
“ Luco,” for the purpose of making a kind of beer called “ Ola.” The 
plant is indigenous along the banks of the Cuanza, and is at times 
cultivated. In fl. from May to July, also in Oct. and Nov.; very 
frequent in the rocky rather dry woods at the banks of the river 
Cuanza, near Mopope, etc.; fl. 1 May 1857. Native name “ Muxiri 
or “ Mugiri.” No. 4094. 


17. E. flemingioides Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 229; 
Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 236. 

GoLtuNnco ALTo,—<An almost suffruticose herb, with ascending stems 
2 to 3 ft. high ; flowers variegated with yellow and purple. Rather 
rare by the lower dense thickets along the banks of the river Coango ; 
fl. and fr. May 1856. No. 4112. é 

CazENGO.— Habit that of the genus Flemingia ; leaves stipellate ; 
flowers yellowish ; at Dalatanda; fl. June 1855. No. 4113. 

PUNGO ANDONGO.—Near the rivulet Niege ; fl. and young fr. May 
1857. No. 4110. An undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with yellow flowers. 
In wooded thickets, Pedras de Guinga, between Caghuy and Calungo ; 
fl. and young fr. April 1857. No. 4111. 

Our specimens differ from the type of the species by the branches 
being straighter and but little bent, by greater variability in the shape 
of the leaflets being in most cases narrower, and by the sub-paniculate 
racemes in the case of some of the Pungo Andongo specimens. 


Eriosema| XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 275 


18. E. speciosum Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 230; Baker f. in Journ. Bot. 1895, p. 236. 


Huiitia.—-A handsome undershrub, 23 to 4 ft. high, erect, becoming 
very woody at the base ; leaflets stipellate, sub-pellucid-punctate, with 
glistening hairs; flowers yellow; keel tawny-purplish ; young pods 
short, compressed, 2-seeded. In thickets at the borders of forests near 
Catumba ; fl. and young fr. April 1860. No. 4103. 


49. AMERIMNON P. Browne, Jam. p. 288, t. 32, f. 3 (1756). 
Dalbergia Lf. Suppl. Pl. p. 52 (1781); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. 
1. p. 544. Heastaphyllum \P. Browne, l.c., p. 299, t. 32, f. 1; 
Benth. & Hook. f., J.c., i. p. 545. 


1. A. hostile O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 159 (1891). 

Dalbergia hostilis Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. Suppl. p. 33 
(1860) ; Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 232; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 144 (1884). 


GoLtunGco ALTo.—A remarkable shrub, robust, arborescent, climbing 
to a great height and then hanging a long way down ; older trunks (in 
the primitive forests) flattened, 53 to 12 in. wide, 3 to 13 in. thick, in 
the form of a band, armed with clustered spines coalescent at the base 
13 in. long ; younger stems (in secondary woods) several from the same 
rootstock, caespitose, erect, 3 to 5 ft. high, terete, armed with separate 
spines, and in this state even bearing flowers and fruits ; when 2 to 3 ft. 
high, occasionally flowering but more rarely fruiting ; leaflets glauces- 
cent ; flowers white. Frequent throughout the district, especially in 
Alto Queta, Mussengue, and at the spring of Capopa ; fl. Oct. and Dec. 
1854, fr. Noy. 1854 and March 1855. Native name “ P4éo Quisembe.” 
No. 1880 and Cott. Carp. 539. 

The stem is thoroughly dried in the sun by the negroes and then 
serves them for tinder ; a piece of it 2 ft. long, if ignited at one end, 
will glow almost the whole day and afford the means of lighting a fire 
at any moment. Younger stems about 2 in. wide are used as hoops 
for barrels and drums. 

The following No., with much larger leaflets, is apparently 
different, but may be mentioned here :— 

GoLuNGo AuTo.—A shrub climbing high and widely, with the habit 
of A. pubescens O. K., but with entirely different foliage ; abortive 
branchlets recurved in a spiral manner. In the primitive forest of 


Mata de Quibanga, near Sange ; leafy branches without fl. July 1857. 
No. 1894. 


2. A. Brownli Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. p. 27 (1760). 

Ecastaphyllum Brownet Pers. Syn. Pl. ii. p. 2°7 (1807); Baker, 
lc. p. 236. Dalbergia malifolia Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 233. 
A. malifolium O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 159. 

PRINCE'S ISLAND.—A handsome leafy tree, 25 ft. high, with the 
habit of a luxuriant apple tree ; flowers whitish, with a rose-red tinge. 
Abundant, in company with Turrea procera Welw. (Herb. No. 1299), 


near the sea-shore, in the dense woods of Bahia de 8. Antonio; fl. 
Sept. 1853. No. 1886. 


3. A. pubescens O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 159 (1891). 
Dalbergia pubescens Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 315 (1849); 
Baker, l.c., p. 234. 


276 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Amerimnon 


GoLunGo ALTo.—A very elegant bushy shrub, sometimes standing 
erect, sometimes climbing far and widely ; trunk at the base as thick 
as a man’s arm or thicker ; branches shoots and calyces red-purple ; 
flowers very beautiful, changing colour, at first reddish, then yellowish, 
and afterwards turning nearly whitish, lasting for a long time in the 
state of bud (buds seen much swelled in the month of January, and in 
March scarcely fully open) ; standard reflexed ; wings straight ; keel 
incurved, obtuse, half as long as the standard and wings. Sporadic, in 
primitive forests throughout the district ; im Sobato de Bumba at 
about 2000 ft. of elevation; fl, March 1855; in Sobato de Quilombo 
and Mussengue ; fl. April 1856 and May 1855. No. 1875. A widely 
climbing shrub with whitish red-striate flowers ; in the dense primitive 
forests of Menha Lula, Sobato de Mussengue ; flower-bud June 1856. 
No. 1875b. 

CazENGO.—An erect shrub, 6 ft. high, resembling a Cassia in habit, 
very elegant; leaflets alternate, bright-green above, paler beneath ; 
flowers orange-red when in bud, in the expanded state yellowish, at 
length almost whitish ; fruit in a manner samaroid, oblong, 32 in. long 
by 12 in. broad. In secondary thickets at the skirts of woods, between 
Cambondo and Dalatanda, sparingly ; scantily in fl. and a unique fr., 
June 1855. No. 1876. 


4, A. nitidulum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i. p. 159 (1891). 
Dalbergia nitidula Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 235. 


Ampaca.—An extensive tree, 25 to 35 ft. high; trunk 1 to 2 ft. in 
diam. ; crown depressed-dilated ; branchlets at the time of full flower- 
ing quite leafless ; flowers white or whitish-red. Calyx-teeth one-third 
of the length of the calyx ; the upper teeth deltoid, broader and co- 
hering higher than the others ; the three lower ones narrower, nearly 
equal in length ; standard deeply obcordate, exappendiculate, as long 
as the wings ; keel shorter than the wings ; all five petals with a rather 
long claw; stamens divided into two equal phalanges; anthers 
uniform, subversatile, seated in a peltate manner on the filaments ; 
ovary with a long stipes, sub-falcate, hairy ; style incurved, glabrous ; 
stigma rather small, terminal. Sporadic, in open sandy forests between 
Zamba and the river Lutete ; fl. 7 June 1857. No. 1885. 


5. A. Bakeri O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 159 (1891). 

Dalbergia Bakert Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 235. 

GoLunco AtTo.—A handsome stout much-branched evergreen shrub, 
climbing far and widely ; flowers white ; ovary long-stipitate, glabrous ; 
ovules few. Sparingly in the primitive forests near the stream 


Delamboa, also in the Mata Grande de Queta in one spot only ; fl. an. 
1856. No. 1882. 


6. A. macrospermum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 159 (1891). 

Dalbergia macrosperma Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 235. 

GoLtunco ALto.—An ample robust shrub, climbing to a great 
height ; flowers whitish ; seed very large in proportion to |the pod. 
Frequent in the elevated primitive forests of Alto Queta ; fl. Jan. 1856, 
fr. May 1855. No. 1881. 

The following No. is represented by flowering branches without 
leaves; it seems best mentioned under A merimnon :— 

Hee LA.—A small stunted tree of a man’s height, apparently 
mutilated by fire, with tortuous branches and branchlets, leafless at 
the time of gathering ; flowers whitish-yellow ; calyx bibracteolate at. 


Amerimnon | XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. QTE 


the base ; teeth one-third the length of the calyx, the two upper teeth 
broader, the lowest tooth narrower and a little longer than the rest ; 
corolla glabrous ; standard obcordate, as long as the auriculate wings, 
with a rather broad claw ; keel much shorter than the wings, the two 
petals cohering at the top of the back ; stamens divided into two equal 
phalanges, or the upper one free; anthers uniform, versatile, all 
fertile ; ovary narrowly oblong, compressed, glabrous except the 
sparingly hairy edges, stipitate ; ovules few ; style glabrous, at first 
slightly afterwards hookedly incurved. In rocky dry sparingly bushy 
places above the village of Mumpulla; only one plant fl. Sept. 1859. 
No. 1883. 


50. DREPANOCARPUS G. F. W. Meyer; Benth. & Hook. f. 
Gen. Pl.i. p. 546. 


1. D. lunatus G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 238 (1818) ; 
Welw. Apont. p. 587, n. 39 (1859); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 
li. p. 237. 

Lisonco.—A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, tortuously and much 
branched, beset with stipular reflexed geminate spines ; leaflets obovate, 
emarginate ; flowers violet-purple, sweetly scented. At the banks of 
the river Lifune (otherwise called Lufune), near its mouth, in near 
company with Ahizophorw, frequent; fl. and young fr. middle of Nov. 
1853. No. 1873. 

BaRRA DO DANDE.—Common as a shrub, rarer as a small tree of 8 
to 15 ft. At the marshy margins of the river Dande, near Barra do 
Dande, in company with Acrostichum aureum L. No, 1874. An 
arborescent shrub with purplish flowers ; fr. Sept. 1858. Coun. Carp. 
436. (A unique specimen.) 


51. PTEROCARPUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 547. 


1. P. mellifer Welw. Synopse, p. 14, n. 31 (meliferus) (1862) ; 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 239 (melliferus); Ficalho, Pl. 
Uteis, p. 145 (1884) (melliferus). 

Lingoum melliferum O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 193 (1891). 


Punco ANDONGO.—One of the handsomest trees of the primitive 
forests, usually 50 to 80 ft. high, occasionally 100 to 120 ft. high, 
exuding a blood-red resin; trunk 14 to 3 ft. in diam. at the base ; 
crown much dilated, in the form of a parasol, towering over all the 
other trees of the forest ; when in flower it is always frequented by 
dense swarms of bees, and the negroes prefer to fasten their hives to 
the lower branches of the crown of this tree ; wood apparently strong 
and durable ; petiolules tumid, not rarely thicker than the petiole, 
rather downy ; panicles divaricately branched, broadly pyramidal ; pod 
obliquely ovate, a little curved, apiculate, glabrous on both sides, with 
raised reticulation in the centre. Native name “ Mulumba.” Abundant 
in the woods of the district, and still commoner in the Songo district 
and on the left bank of the river Cuanza and in the Haco country and 
in that of the Quibundos. From Sansamanda to Quisonde ; fl. March, 
fr. May 1857. No. 1865. 


2. P. tinctorius Welw. Apont. p. 584, n. 7 (1859); Baker, dc., 
p. 239; Ficalho, lc, p. 146 (1884). 

Pterocarpus (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 8, nn. 5,7; p. 9, n. 15; 
p. 33, nn. 85, 86 (1862). Lingoum tinctorium O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 193. 

Lizonco.—A handsome tree with the habit of Ceratonia Siliqua L. ; 


278 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Plerocarpus 


wood valuable, blood-red, producing a red dye; leaves evergreen ; 
flowers pleasantly fragrant, paniculate, orange-yellow ; pods 1-seeded, 
very broadly winged. In mountainous forests, especially on slopes 
near the banks of the river Lifune ; with well-developed fr. in Sept. 
1858. Name “ Tacula.’’ No. 1870. Cou. Carp. 438. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—An immense tree ; wood blood-red, that of 
the root more deeply coloured ; called by the native negroes ‘‘ Lucula,”’ 
and by the Portuguese colonists ‘ Tactla.” Sporadic, in open rocky 
woods between the village of Calumguembo and Tanderachique ; with 
ripe fr. at the end of Sept. 1854. No. 1866. About 90 ft. high ; crown 
broad and densely leafy ; branches spreading, the lower ones extending 
toa great distance, sub-pendulous. Between Calumguembo and Calolo ; 
fr. Sept. 1854. Native name “ Tacula” or ‘“ Hula.” Cou. Carp. 437. 

Lichen n. 415 grew on the trunk of this tree. It is said that here 
the wood is more compact and the red dye faster than in the mount- 
ainous districts. The dust from the pounded root is always preferred 
to that from the trunk, as it contains a higher proportion of colouring 
matter. 

GoLuNGo Auto.—A large handsome tree; crown very broad : 
branches patent ; branchlets almost nodding ; wood of a fine blood-red 
colour, rather hard, medicinal; flowers dull saffron-yellow, already 
caducous when scarcely open, sometimes nearly precocious in the 
absence of the foliage, at other times in company with the developed 
leaves ; standard orbicular-obcordate, finely crisp, of a deep yellow 
almost saffron colour; petals of the keel also of a deep dull yellow 
colour, free at the base, slightly cohering in the middle ; lamina as well 
as the claw sinuous-dentate ; stamens 10, of unequal height, mona- 
delphous ; tube of the filaments ample, open on the keel side ; anthers 
deep-yellow ; ovary shortly stipitate, pubescent, gradually narrowing 
into the style, gibbous on one side ; fruit in the form of a disk, being a 
pod almost spirally twisted and girt by a very broad hard-chartaceous 
margin which becomes woody when old; seed solitary. Frequent in 
primitive forests throughout the district ; at the village in leaf without 
fl. or fr. beginning of Sept. 1855; near the village of Loango (negro 
name ‘“ Mubiri”), Sobato de Mussengue, without fl. Nov. 1855 ; 
fl. 19 March 1856 ; near Cabanga-Caculungo, in good fl. middle of April 
1856. No, 1867. Fungus n. 353 grew on this tree. <A vast tree, 
30 to 70 ft. high ; primary trunk 2 to 5 ft. in diam. at the base, straight. 
crown ample, beautifully frondose ; wood blood-red, with blackish 
veins, much valued for joiners’ work ; leaves evergreen, 3-5-jugate ; 
leaflets alternate, coriaceous, glossy above ; petiole articulated at the 
tumid base ; panicles of the orange-coloured flowers from the axils of 
the uppermost leaves; peduncles as well as their ramifications the 
pedicels and the calyces covered with short velvety blackish tomentum ; 
calyx tubular-campanulate, a little curved, unequally toothed ; standard 
obovate-spathulate, of a deep orange colour, inside from the base to 
the middle red-spotted-striate ; lamina transversely rugose-crisp ; claw 
channelled ; wings lanceolate-spathulate, orange-coloured, with long 
lateral arched claws and crisp lamina ; petals of the keel free at the 
base, coalescent at the apex, shorter paler and less crisp than the 
wings ; stamens 10, monadelphous, 5 higher than the rest ; all fertile 
and shorter than the petals ; ovary 1- very rarely 2-ovuled. Frequent 
in the primitive forests from Caldlo to Trombeta, Ithamba, etc., up to 
Sange ; fl. Jan. 1857. Bango name “ Lucula,” Sange name “ Hila,” 
colonial name “ Tacula.” No. 1867). 

Punco ANpDoNGO.—A tree of moderate size; leaflets coriaceous, 
glossy, rather hard ; flowers strongly smelling, of a dull saffron-yellow 


Pterocarpus | XLIV. LEGUMINOS2. 279 


colour ; wood in some cases blood-red, in others whitish. Sporadic, in 
the secondary woods of Sobato Cabanga Quiquette ; fl. middle of Jan. 
1857. Called by the negroes ‘“‘ Muangue.” No. 1871. A tree, 20 or 
about 35 ft. high ; crown ample, lax; fruit fuscous-velvety on both 
sides, wavy on the margin ; style-bearing extremity drawn far down- 
wards. In the sandy mixed forest from Lombe in the direction of 
Quibinda, where only one tree with a few fruits was seen March 1857. 
No. 1872. Further in the interior, fr. Cou. Carp. 439. 

The pounded root of this plant furnishes the drug in most general 
use among the natives of Angola and reputed as the principal panacea 
for the cure of illness; mixed with various vegetable and mineral 
substances, the sawdust of Tacula is used in the composition of charms 
and for decoration of the body ; newly born children are frequently 
painted as soon as possible all over with the red dye made from this 
powder, and stylish ladies on festive occasions never appear without 
having their feet coloured with this dye, so as to imitate shoes or 
slippers ; it is sold in all the markets, and all the native tribes believe 
in its remarkable virtues. The tree is rare in the coast region, and 
there it appears only as a stumpy tree, commencing at the higher part 
near Calumguembo, becoming more abundant above Dande and Dembos 
towards Sange, and being lost sight of about Pungo Andongo where 
P. mellifer Welw. and P. erinaceus Poir. make their appearance. 


Var. 8. macrophyllus Welw. ex Baker, /.c. 


GoLunco ALtTo.—A lofty tree; wood valuable, of a fine purple 
colour when old; the natives paint their bodies red by means of a 
decoction of the wood. In the dense primitive forests at the base of 
the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta ; in late fl. Feb. 1855. Native 
name “ Tacila.” No. 1868. 

CAZENGO.—In the elevated coffee forests of Serra de Muxatlo, near 
the summit; sparingly in fl. at the beginning of Jan. 1855. A form 
with elongated leaflets. No. 1869. 


3. P. erinaceus Poir. (erinacea) in Lam. Encycl. Méth. v. p. 728 
(1804), Tllustr. t. 602, f. 4; Baker, l.c., p. 239; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 147. 

Pterocarpus (sp.) Synopse, p. 37, n. 100. P. angolensis DC. 
Prodr. ii. p. 419 fide Baker, J.c., p. 240. Lchinodiscus (sp.), 
Welw. Synopse, p. 19, n. 48. Lingowm erinaceum O. Kuntze, 
Rey. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 193,(1591). 


Punao ANpDOoNGO.—A moderate-sized tree, 20 to 40 ft. high, or 
sometimes in secondary woods a shrub of 2 to 4 ft. and already in this 
state flowering and fruiting ; branches patent; crown rather lax ; 
resin black-purple. Produces gum kino. Wood durable, red-resinous ; 
leaves coriaceous ; pod circular, broadly winged, rigidly echinate in the 
centre. Very plentiful in sandy and rocky woods throughout the 
district, especially from Zamba up to the fortress of Pungo Andongo, 
sometimes constituting the bulk of the forest ; near Cazella, in young 
fr. Oct. 1856. At the banks of the river Lutete in Mata de Pungo, in 
company with Psoralea andongensis Welw. Native name “‘ Ngillasonde” 
or ‘ Mutete.” No. 1864. ° 

Huriia.—A robust tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, evergreen, with dilated 
crown and patent branches, exuding a blood-red resin called gum 
kino. In the less dense woods around Lopollo, Nene, Humpata, 
Monino, etc.; fr. Feb. and March 1860. No. 1863. Resin called 
‘‘Sangue do Drago,’ red or atro-purpureous. Lopollo, March 1860. 


280 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Pterocarpus 


Cotu. Carp. 440. Called “ Mirahondi” or “ Munhaneca”’ ; the resin 
is sold under the name of ‘‘Sangue do Drago.” Cou. Carp. 441. 

The trunk does not usually exceed 18 in. in diam. ; its wood is com- 
pact, heavy, strong, of a moderately fine grain of a dark purple colour, 
taking easily a good polish, and consequently well adapted for various 
domestic uses, for agricultural implements, and for weapons, among 
which must be principally mentioned the war-clubs of the natives 
which are most frequently made of the heart of this wood ; the resin, 
which drops in abundance from incisions made in the trunk, is of a 
blood-red colour with a peculiar lustre, and is employed by the natives 
in the treatment of wounds. Cou. Carp. 442 is the fruit of Péero- 
carpus rufescens Benth., a lofty tree from the Isthmus of Panama ; it 
was obtained for comparison with the Angolan specimen. 


52. OSTRYOCARPUS Hook.f. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p.548. 
1. 0.? Welwitschii Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 240. 


GoLtunGo ALTO.—A stout shrub, climbing far and wide; trunk 
slender, arborescent, 3} to # in. in diam., when old rather flattened but 
not quite like that of Amerimnon hostile O. K., (Herb. No. 1880), with 
stellately arranged spines in the middle ; wood very hard and tenacious, 
flexible, dense, firm, yellowish. Used for drum-hoops. Branches 
erect-spreading, as well as the branchlets at length pendulous ; some 
of the branchlets reduced by abortion to short blunt spines ; leaves 
deciduous, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 10-15-jugate, opposite, especially 
beneath glaucous, herbaceous or thinly fleshy-coriaceous, deciduous at 
the flowering season ; petioles pyriform-globose at the base, lasting for 
a time on the flowering branches ; flowers pedicelled, collected in rather 
lax and erect racemes, finely variegated with sulphur colour and red ; 
calyx bilabiately campanulate, beset with stalked glands, densely hairy 
inside, bright-red at the base, yellowish-green on the limb; vexillary 
limb rather the longer, broad, emarginate, obtuse ; the lower lip deeply 
3-lobed with acuminate lobes ; corolla papilionaceous ; petals of bright 
sulphur colour, red-spotted or punctate at the base of the lamina 
with long and slender claws; standard orbicular, slightly emarginate, 
together with the channelled claw acutely keeled on the back, at the 
time of flowering reflexed on the sides, as long as or hardly shorter 
than the wings; wings oblong, with a long one-sided stipes, not 
adhering to the keel; petals of the keel similar to the wings in shape, 
as short or shorter, unguiculate, loosely cohering below the apex of the 
lamina ; stamens sometimes only 9, diadelphous, of unequal length ; 
vexillary filament shorter than the rest, free, somewhat curved at the 
base ; the remaining filaments united two-thirds way up into a tube 
open in front, flattened on the free part, a little longer than the ovary ; 
anthers versatile, ovate and obtuse, others rarely acuminate by the pro- 
duction of the connective at the apex beyond the cells, one sometimes 
petaloid with a small falciform lamina; the base not uncommonly 
bearing another sub-effete anther ; ovary sessile, lanceolate, pilose, with 
a fissure or easily parting on one side ; ovules usually 5, nearly orbi- 
cular ; style but little incurved, smooth, filiform, of equal thickness up 
to the stigma which is truncate-capitate and a little thicker. In dense 
primitive thickets, in the ascent to Sobato de Bumba; fl. 7 July 1856. 
Near the cataracts of the river Cuango ; not in fl. beginning of August 
1855. No. 1884. 

The Cabindas make walking-sticks from this plant. In the absence 
of the pod, the final determination of the genus of this plant remains 
uncertain. 


Lonchocarpus | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 281 


53. LONCHOCARPUS H. B. & K.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl. i. p. 548. 

1. L. macrophyllus H. B. et Kunth, Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 384 
(1823). 

L. sericeus H. B. et Kunth ex DC. Prodr. ii. p. 260 (1825); 
Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 241; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 148 
(1884). ZL. formosianus DC., Le., p. 260.  Milletia (sp.), Welw. 
Apont. p. 573, sub n. 174. J. speciosa, Welw. Apont. p. 585, 
n. 23; Welw. Synopse, p. 13, n. 29 (1862). 

Ampriz,—An immense tree, 50 ft. high or more or in secondary 
thickets 25 to 30 ft.; crown dilated, densely leafy ; flowers handsome, 
of a violet-rose colour, lasting a long time. In the more open woods 
about Banza de Ambriz, and at the banks of the river Quizembo to the 
north of the citadel of Ambriz, four miles from the ocean. In fl. at 
the end of Nov. 1853. Native name ‘‘ Mutala-Menha.” No. 1840. 

Barra DO Benco.—A much-branched tree, 20 to 40 ft. high, with 
a broad crown; branches very patent, elongated, sometimes almost 
nodding ; flowers racemose-paniculate, very beautiful, of a deep violet 
colour ; standard silvery-silky outside. At the banks of the river 
Bengo or Zenza, near the village of Quifandongo; in fl. (flowering 
specimens immersed in the river and afterwards recovered), Dec. 1853 
and Jan, 1854; fr. Sept. 1857. No.1842. Native name “ Mutala- 
Menha.” Co... Carp. 443. 

IcoLo E Benco.—A tree, 15 ft. high, with an ample crown ; without 
fl. or fr. Sept. 1857, near Foto, differing from the common form by 
acuminate leaflets. No. 1842b. 

CAZENGO —A copiously-flowering evergreen tree, 20 to 40 ft. high or 
more, sometimes a vast majestic tree of 60 to 100 ft., a beautiful orna- 
ment to the forests alongside the river Luinha ; timber valuable for 
the construction of domestic and agricultural implements, very strong 
and tenacious ; pods indehiscent, when fully ripe separating into joints, 
but never seen by Welwitsch to dehisce. Native names “ Mutala-Menha” 
and ‘“ Seca-seca.”” Abundant at the banks of the river Luinha, also in 
the comparatively dry mixed woods from Cambondo in the direction 
of Aguas doces, ete. ; fl. end of Dec. 1854, fr. June 1855. No. 1843. 
This is probably the plant from the district of Cazengo referred to under 
the name of ‘“‘ Caseque ” by Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 9, n. 16 (1862). 

GoLuNGo ALTO and DanpE.—Fruits ; Trombeta, 28 August 1857 : 
Bombo (Dande), Sept. 1858 ; native name “ Mutala-Menha.” COLL. 
CaRP. 156. 

IsLAND or St. THomas.—A tree of moderate size. In the elevated 
forests of Monte Caffé, between 1800 and 2000 ft. above the sea-level ; 
fr. Dec. 1860. No. 1841. 

The following No. should be compared with this species :— 

SreRRA LEONE.—A tree-about 25 ft. high, with a broad crown and 
habit nearly of the walnut ; leaflets 7 or 9, coriaceous, glabrous on both 
surfaces, 54 by 23 in. ; flowers lilac; standard silvery-silky outside.. 
Among the mountains near Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1839. 

2. L.Capassa Rolfe in Oates, Matabele Land, edit. 2, p.397 (1889). 

Capassa violacea Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. i. p. 28, t. 5 
(1862). Z. Philenoptera Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. 
p. 263 (1861-62); non Benth. JZ. violaceus Oliv. in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xxix. p. 63 (1872); non H. B. & K. JL. Joaxsflorus, var. 


sericeus Baker, l.c., p. 242. 


282 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Lonchocarpus 


Huviiia.—A stout shrub, perhaps the upgrowth from the stump of 
a mutilated or burnt tree. At Ferraéio da Sola; in young fr., without 
either leaves or flowers, in April 1860. No. 1879. Leafy branches 
collected from a neighbouring shrub of the same habit and ramifica- 
tion, but scarcely seeming to belong here ; leaves usually trifoliolate, 
more rarely pinnate and bijugate ; branchlets purplish, longitudinally 
sulcate. At Ferrio da Sola, in leaf, without either fl. or fr., in April 
1860. No. 18790. 


3. L. pallescens Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 242. 


ZENZA DO GoLUNGO.—A tree, 25 to 40 ft. high or more, with the 
habit of an Ash, with an interrupted crown; trunk 8 to 24 in. in 
diam. ; branches patent ; leaves impari-pinnate, deciduous at the time 
of flowering ; leaflets herbaceous; flowers of a sordid-violet colour. 
Abundant, but apparently limited to this region, along the sides of 
the stream Calucala, in rocky places ; fl. and fr. as well as specimens 
in leaf Sept. 1857. No. 1847. 

There is some doubt whether the specimens bearing foliage belong 
to the same species, but they apparently do so. This is probably the 
plant from the district of Zenza do Golungo, referred to under the 
name of ‘‘ Caseque” by Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 9, n. 16 (1862), and it 
bears a superficial resemblance to Platysepalum violaceum Welw. Herb. 
No. 1838. 


54. DEGUELIA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guian. p. 750, t. 300 (1775). 
Derris Lour. (1790); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i, p. 549. 

1. D.? glabrata Taub. in Bot. Centralbl. xlvii. p. 387 (1891). 

Derris ¢ glabrata Welw. ex Baker in Cliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 244. 
Pterocarpus glabratus O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 203 (1891). 


GoL_unco ALTo.—An erect shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, perhaps sub- 
sequently scandent ; leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 5 to 7, opposite, 
very obtuse or emarginate, shortly pubescent not tomentose beneath ; 
flowers whitish, 4 in. long (in the dry state), crowded ; calyx loosely 
tomentose. In moist thickets near Undelle; fl. March 1855. No. 1888. 


2. D. lucida Taub. in Bot. Centralbl. xlvii. p. 387 (1891). 
Derris lucida Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 245. Pterocarpus lucidus 
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 203 (1891). 


GoLUuNGO ALTO.—A stout evergreen shrub climbing up to 30 ft. 
and higher ; leaflets opposite, hard-coriaceous, remarkably glossy above. 
without stipelle ; bracts small, lanceolate, as also the two very small 
bracteoles ciliate at the base and very caducous; calyx 5-dentate ; 
the upper teeth connate, higher than the lower; standard greenish- 
white, ovate, with a channelled claw, exappendiculate ; wings white, 
narrowly oblong, rather longer than the standard, with an obtuse 
auricle ; keel whitish-purple or pale-rose, a little curved, rather obtuse, 
the petals cohering at the top of the back; vexillary stamen quite 
free ; ovary sessile, compressed, rather hairy, 3-5-ovuled ; style purple, 
compressed, rather broad, rather hairy, naked and almost subulate a 
little below the small stigma ; disc surrounding the ovary, cupuliform, 
10-crenate, adnate to the staminal sheath for half its own height, free 
above ; pod (immature) broadly elliptical oval or oblong, 24 to 2# in. 
long by 3 to 14 in. broad, girt with a short wing on each suture. 
Sporadic, in the primitive forests of Sobato de Quilongo-Quiacatubia, 
at an elevation of 2400 ft.; fl. and young fr. July 1856. No. 1877. 
A robust shrub, climbing to a great height ; stem 3 to 4 in, in diam. 


>» 


Deguelia| XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. 285 


at the base ; leaflets coriaceous, glossy, evergreen ; flowers white. In 
the primitive forests of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. 
beginning of June 1856. No. 1878. 


3. D. nobilis Taub. in Bot. Centralbl. xlvii. p. 387 (1891). 

Derris nobilis Welw. ex Baker, l.c., p. 245. Pterocarpus nobilis 
O. Kunize, l.c., p. 203. 

Gotunco AtTo.—An ample shrub, climbing to a considerable height, 
25 ft. long in one case, rusty-tomentose generally except the older 
stems and the petals; the ultimate branchlets twining ; adult leaves 
18 in. long, impari-pinnate ; leaflets 7 or 9 rarely 3, stipellate, ranging 
up to 7 by 3in., ovate-olong or elongate-obovate or -lanceolate, rounded 
and more or less emarginate at the base, glabrescent and glossy above, 
densely tomentose beneath ; flowers whitish, nearly } in. long (in the 
dry state); bracteoles small, ovate-orbicular, ciliate, appressed to 
the distinctly 4-toothed calyx ; standard obovate-oblong, cymbiform- 
concave, not reflexed, somewhat hooded at the vertex, shortly auriculate 
on both sides, subtending the larger calyx-tooth ; wings shorter than 
the standard and keel, narrowly oblong, adhering to the keel above the 
claw, furnished with a long subsulcate acuminate appendix; keel 
nearly straight, its petals obovate, slightly cohering at the back, append- 
aged with a short triangular auricle ; vexillary stamen free at the base, 
connate in the middle with the rest in a tube; anthers uniform, 
versatile ; ovary substipitate, elongated, pilose, gradually passing into 
the incurved style ; stigma rather small, terminal ; ovules few. In the 
primitive forests of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta; fl. August 
and Sept. 1856. At Zenzas do Queta, in flower-bud, lasting in this 
condition during three months, June 1856. No. 1890. An erect 
shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, often with large leaves, but rarely flowering ; 
branches few, rather patent. In moist spots on the exposed stony 
slopes of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta facing towards the 
river Luinha ; without fl. August 1856. No. 1890b. 

PunGco ANDoNGO.—A shrub climbing to a great height or decumbent 
over rocks and covering them over an extensive surface; leaves 
impari-pinnate, coriaceous; flowers white. In rocky places, at the 
skirts of Mata do Pungo within the lines of fortification in company 
with Hugonia Afzelii Br., var. melanocalyx Welw. (Herb. No. 1586) ; 
fr. Dec. 1856. No. 1891. 

4. D. brachyptera Taub. in Bot. Centralbl. xlvii. p. 386 (1891). 

Derris brachyptera Baker, l.c., p. 246. Pterocarpus brachypterus 
O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 203. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—An arborescent shrub, climbing to the height of 
80 ft. (or in secondary thickets a shrub as tall as a man), obscuring by 
the panicles of its whitish flowers the tree on which it grows ; leaves 
impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3 to 7, opposite, tomentose beneath, ranging up 
to 10 by 63 in., truncate or emarginate or sub-bilobed at the apex, 
stipellate ; flowers 4 in. long or more (in the dry state); calyx 
puberulous ; standard a little shorter than the keel, densely bearded- 
ciliate at the apex, cymbiform. In the dense forests of Cungulungulo 
in brilliant fl. and young fr. Feb. 1855. No. 1889. A low shrub, 
always barren when seen, perhaps young; in secondary thickets 
between Sange and Bango; without fl. Nov. and Dec. 1854. No. 1889b. 


The following three Nos. appear to belong to Deguelia or to a 
genus of the same tribe; but the pods of the first No. seem to be 
dehiscent :— 


284 XLIV, LEGUMINOSA. | | Deguelia 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A vast tree, 50 to 100 ft. high ; trunk 2 to 33 ft. 
in diam. at the base, in old trees naked for a great height ; timber very 
hard ; branches patent ; crown broad, dense, depresso-ovoid ; branchlets 
densely ferruginous-tomentose ; adult leaves a yard long or more, 
impari-pinnate ; petiole articulate at the base, ventricose, bistipulate : 
stipules broad, coriaceous, concave, hooded ; leaflets alternate, 11 to 15, 
softly coriaceous, oval, obtuse or cuspidate at the apex, more or less cor- 
date at the base, 2 to 7 by 1} to 3 in., pellucid-venulose, glossy above, with 
raisednerves and with dense raised intervening veinlets beneath, densely 
hispid-pilose beneath (on old trees ferruginous-tomentose) ; petiolules 
thickened, uni-stipellate ; pods apparently dehiscent, 5 to 7 by 13 to 
1} in., 1-seeded ; seed rather compressed, 1 by } in. Sporadic, at the 
margins of primitive forests between Sange and Bango-Aquitamba ; 
in flower-bud with foliage 8 Sept. 1856 ; flowers not seen in Oct, and 
Nov. ; in fr. after the fall of the leaves in July 1857. No. 1892. The 
apex of a tree 7 ft. high, according to Dr. Welwitsch apparently a 
young plant of No. 1892; leaflets 9, oval or ovate, cuspidate at apex, 
cordate at base, paler beneath, 2} to 33 by 12 to 2 in., the lateral ones 
sub-opposite ; in the dense primitive woods between Sange and 
Bango-Aquitamba, during an excursion started from Capopa, with 
foliage without fl. or fr.,in July 1857. No. 1893. Fresh shoots of a 
tree a foot in diam. at the base, which had been cut down; leaflets 
13 to 15, alternate or sub-opposite, oval or oblong, obtuse or sub- 
cuspidate at the apex, somewhat cordate at the base, 4 to 7 by 2 to 3} in., 
paler beneath ; in the forest in front of Quibixe, in leaf, without fl. or 
fr. in August 1855. No. 6678. 


55. DALHOUSIEA Graham; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.i. p. 552. 


1. D. africana S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 2. 
D. bracteata Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 247. 


GOLUNGO ALTO.—A small tree or sometimes (in secondary thickets) 
a robust tree-shaped shrub, & to 10 ft. high ; branches climbing far and 
widely, sarmentose or sub-sarmentose, nodulose ; leaves simple (uni- 
foliolate), rigidly papery or coriaceous, dark-green, pendulous ; calyx 
sub-campanulate, almost corolline, after flowering saucer-shaped, with 
the margins bent inwards, shortly 5-toothed, included in 2 orbicular 
ciliate green bracteoles ; corolla snow-white, much longer than the 
calyx ; standard very broadly obcordate ; wing-petals obovate-oblong, 
patent ; keel falcate ; stamens free ; anthers yellow ; ovary lanceolate ; 
slightly crenate, quite glabrous, rather compressed, gradually tapering 
into the cylindrical style which rather exceeds the stamens ; stigma 
narrowly capitate ; pod few-seeded, bivalved, dehiscent ; valves hard, 
black, glaucous. At the margins of primitive forests along the banks 
of the river Delamboa and in secondary thickets near Undelle, Bango, 
and in Serra de Alto Queta ; not uncommon but in fr. rather rare; 
fl. May, Oct. and Dec. 1855 and in May and June 1856 ; fr. in March 
and April 1856 ; at elevation of 2400 ft. No. 2286. Con. Carp. 448. 
A shrub with simple coriaceous long-petiolate leaves and white flowers. 
In dense forests near Sange ; fl. Feb. and March, ripe fr. August 1855. 
Cou. Carp. 449, 

This species occurred in the localities mentioned above in company 
with Cacoucia platyptera Welw. Herb, No. 1752; see Welw. Sert. 
Angol. p. 26 (1869). It occurs also in the Congo district, having been 
found by Monteiro at Quiballa flowering in the month of April. The 
fungus n. 387 grew on the branchlets of Dalhousiea in the district 
of Cazengo. It is very nearly related to the North Indian species 


Dathousiea | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 285 


D. bracteosa Graham, to which species it has been referred by Baker 
and others : it however differs by the more ovate and acuminate shape 
of the leaves, etc. 


56. BAPHIA Afzel.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 553. 


1. B. angolensis Welw. ex Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p- 249; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 149 (1884). 


GoLUNGO ALTO.—A tree 15 to 20 ft. in the elevated primitive 
forests, or in the secondary woods a shrub of 6 to 10 ft. ; branches 
spreading ; branchlets very slender, always more or less nodding ; bark 
grey, reticulately veined; leaves rigidly and dryly but thinly coria- 
ceous like parchment, glossy above, a little paler and rather shining 
beneath ; petiole turgid, cylindrical, transversely wrinkled, shallowly 
furrowed above ; flowers on slender axillary peduncles arising from the 
young shoots ; calyx brilliantly white-corolline, spathaceous, supported 
at the base by two spreading bracteoles, at length cleft down the front 
and reclining with induplicate margins when the standard becomes 
erect ; standard ample, orbicular, emarginate at the apex, erect, 
not unguiculate, brilliantly white, but ornamented with an orange 
spot in the middle and towards the base; wings patent, obliquely 
obovate, whitish ; keel boat-shaped ; seeds ellipsoidal, compressed, half 
an inch long. In the elevated mountainous forests of Sobato de 
Bumba, Queta, and Mussengue, not common ; fl. Nov. 1855 and March 
1856 ; behind Rodrigo’s house, above the waterfall; fr. Feb. 1856. 
No. 601. Sange ; fr. June 1856. Con. Carp. 450. 


57. GIGANTHEMUM Welw. Apont. p. 585, n. 14 (1859). 
Camoénsia Welw. (1865); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 557. 


1. G. scandens Welw. Apont. p. 585, n. 14. 

Camoénsia maxima Welw. ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxy. 
p. 301, t. 36 (1865); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 252; 
Monteiro, Angola, 1. p. 177, t. 6 (1875). 

GoLunGo AxLtTo.—A robust shrub, climbing to a great height and 
then hanging down its graceful branches, constituting the highest 
ornament amongst the climbing shrubs of this region ; flowers very 
large, the largest among Angolan Leguminosz, emitting a peculiar 
odour, almost spermatic; calyx-tube long, cleft at the apex in a 
bilabiate manner ; upper lip shortly bifid, with oblique ovate obtuse 
diverging teeth ; lower lip deeply trifid, with equal lanceolate teeth 
shortly acuminate at the apex ; petals 5, white, marcescent, inserted on 
the calyx-tube, very wavy at the margin, crisply fringed ; fringe of 
a fine orange colour ; standard broadly spathulate, radiately striate, 
channelled at the claw, at the time of flowering longitudinally folded ; 
the other four petals similar, narrowly spathulate and a quarter the 
width, long-clawed, with an orange-coloured fringe ; stamens marces- 
cent, monadelphous below, free for a long distance ; anthers linear, 
attached at the middle of the back, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing, 
exserted ; ovary densely fuscous-tomentose, long-stipitate ; style very 
long, incurved, whitish-green ; stigma capitate, deep-green, viscid, 
glossy ; pod lanceolate-spathulate, compressed, subcoriaceous, densely 
ferruginous-tomentose, broader near the apiculate apex, 6 to 7 in. long, 
1 to 13 in. broad ; seeds 2 to 5, oblong, compressed, brown, shining, 
about an inch long. At the margins of forests, climbing high upon the 
neighbouring trees, between Sangeand Cambondo; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. 


286 XLIV. LEGUMINOSAE. [| Giganthemum 


In the lofty forests by the Delamboa stream, end of August 1855. 
Abundant in the denser forests and at their margins, elegantly decking 
the tallest trees; fl. 6 Jan., fr. Feb. 1856. No. 550. (Seeds more 
than an inch long.) In the forests of Mata de Queta ; fr. July 1857. 
Cot. Carp. 451. Undelle; fr. June 1855. Cou. Carp, 462. 

It was found growing in company with Cacoucia platyptera Welw. 
Herb. No. 1752, in Serra de Alto Queta at an elevation of 2000 to 
2300 ft. (See Welw. Sert. Angol., p. 26.) The time of flowering is 
from Dec. to March ; the fruits are ripe from May to August. 


58. CALPURNIA E. Meyer; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 554. 


1. C. lasiogyne E. Mey. Comment. PI. Afr. Austr. Dreg. p.3 (1836). 

C. aurea Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr, ii. p. 252. 

GoLtunco ALtro.—A shrub of 4 to 6 ft., perhaps the upgrowth from 
a tree burnt down; leaves glaucous-green ; pods compressed, 8-10- 
seeded, winged at the back, on rather a long stipes. In the rather 
elevated forests of Mata de Quisuculo, near Bango Aquitamba ; at an 
elevation of 2400 ft. ; in young fr. Jan. 1856. No. 2233. 

Bumzbo.—A shrub, with numerous stems and the habit of a Colutea, 
5 to 7 ft. high; on the shrubby slopes of Serra da Xella, between 
Bruco and Chiao da Xella, at an elevation of about 2500 ft.; fl. and ripe 
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 2234. 

Hv1Lia.—Petioles constantly pubescent or even shaggy, not gla- 
brescent as in Natal specimens; calyx-teeth sometimes all nearly 
equal, sometimes the two upper ones more highly connate. In the 
more elevated forests of Serra da Xella at 4000 ft. alt., and about 
Lopollo at about 5200 ft. alt.; fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859, fr. Nov. and 
Dec. 1859. No. 2235. An arborescent shrub, standing erect, 5 to 7 or 
even 10 ft, high, with the habit almost of a Colutea ; stems numerous ; 
flowers racemose, handsome, yellow. In the mountainous thickets of 
Lopollo ; fr. 1 Nov. 1859. Cou. Carp. 38. 


59. ORMOSIA G. Jacks.; Benth. & Hook. f.Gen. Pl. i. p. 556. 
1. 0. angolensis Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 255. 


Hvitita.—A small tree of 8 ft., or perhaps a young state of a 
larger tree ; flowers dusky-red. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, the two 
upper teeth partly connate ; petals 5 ; standard obovate, broad, sub- 
emarginate, with a short claw ; the other petals all clawed and obtusely 
lobed alongside the claw ; stamens free, 4 or more of them fertile ; 
anthers versatile ; style curved ; stigma narrowly capitate ; ovules few. 
In bushy stony places between Mumpulla and Humpata, rather rare, 
only one plant seen in flower, in Oct. 1859. No. 615. 


60. TOUNATEA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guian. i. p. 549, t. 218 (1775). 
Swartzia Schreb. (1789); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 561. 

1. T. madagascariensis Taub. in Bot. Centralbl.xlvii. p.391(1891). 

Swartzia madagascariensis Desv. in Ann. Se. Nat., ser. i., vol. 1x. 
p. 424 (1826); Baker in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 257; Ficalho, 
Pl. Utes, p. 150 (1884). Cassia (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 591 (n. 97). 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high; trunk 8 to 9 in. in 
diam, at the base ; branches spreading ; branchlets horizontal or even 
nodding ; bark whitish ; leaflets dryly coriaceous, with (according to 
Welwitsch’s mss.) pellucid veinlets, scarcely shining ; legumes pen- 
dulous, cylindric-vermicular, more or less torulose, rather flexuous, 


Tounatea | XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 287 


stipitate, many-seeded ; sarcocarp thick, resinous-fleshy ; seeds excen- 
trically umbilicate, intercepted with apparently spongy constrictions. 
Rather rare in open woods at the base of the gigantic rocks of the 
fortress, near Luxillo, in young fr. middle of Dec. 1856. Native name 
‘“Mucombé.” No. 587. Tree 10 to 15 ft. high ; leaves pinnate, glau- 
32scent. In wooded places by the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda ; fr. 
April 1857. Cou. Carp. 482. 

HvuiLtia.—Ripe seeds at Monino in Dec. 1859. No. 587b. A small 
tree of 7 to 10 ft. or perhaps a young tree, with loose and rambling 
branches, quite simulating the habit of a Cassia ; flowers whitish. In 
open sandy woods mixed with species of Protea, Eugenia, and Com- 
bretaceze, between Lopollo and Monino, at an elevation of 5000 feet ; 
in. fl. Nov. 1859 and in the same spot in young fr. Feb. 1860, fr. May 
1860. A form with young parts, etc., clothed with a soft ferruginous 
tomentum. No. 586. 


2. SUB-ORDER CASALPINIEA. 
61. PELTOPHORUM Vogel; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 565. 


1. P. africanum Sond. in Linnea xxiii. p. 35 (1850); Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. 11. p. 260. 
Brasilettia africana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 164 (1891). 


Hui1LtLta.—A handsome tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, or, in the secondary 
woods, 10 to 12 ft. high, with the habit of Mimosex ; trunk with 
rambling and spreading branches, and with a broad crown; leaves 
without spines ; flowers saffron-yellow, handsome; pedicels with two 
caducous bracts at the base ; style curved inwards; stigma broadly 
peltate, sub-lobed ; pod foliaceous, indehiscent, usually 2-seeded, much 
compressed, lanceolate on both sides, but especially along the seed- 
bearing suture surrounded by an acute wing. Frequent in nearly all 
the woods of the plateau of Huilla, along the banks of rivers; Lopollo: 
fl. and young fr. Oct. 1859, in ripe fr. with seeds beginning of May 
1860. No. 603. A tree of 20 to 25 ft., especially recommended for 
cultivation ; flowers paniculate. Abundant, and in company with 
species of Protea and Combretacee ; fl. from Oct. to Jan. Lopollo, 
Jan. 1860 and 24 May 1860; fr. Cou. Carp. 41. 

Bumso.—A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with rather lax crown and 
spreading branches ; flowers saffron yellow. Common in the midst 
of the mountains of Serra da Xella; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 6030. 

MossaMEbDEs.—A tree, 20 ft. high, at times taller ; crown handsome, 
ovoid-hemispherical, densely frondose ; leaves bipinnate ; pods race- 
mose, shortly pedicellate, narrowly elliptical, narrowed at both ends, 
turning woody, 1- or rarely 2-seeded. In thickets of Tamarix orien- 
talis Forsk. (Welw. No. 1086), at the sides of the river Bero, near the 
copper mine ; fr. July 1859, No. 604. 


62. MEZONEURUM Desf.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 565. 


1. M. angolense Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 261; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 150. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A robust, very prickly shreb, decumbent or 
scandent ; sarmentose branches 10 to 15 ft. long; flowers handsome, 
yellow or yellow-orange. In stony thickets at the margins of forests, 
between Sange and Camilungo, by the Ambaca road ; fl. Feb. 1855, 
ripe fr. Oct. 1855. No. 607. Climbing far and widely ; fr. Oct. 1855, 
and sparingly in July 1856. Native name “ Saje.” Cort. Carp. 131. 


288 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ If ezoneurum 


AmpBaca.—A robust shrub ; sarmentose branches very long, running 
along the ground, then ascending. By the high road, near Ambaca; 
fr. Sept. 1856. No. 6060. | 

Pungo ANbDONGO.—An arborescent shrub, with long-sarmentose 
and spiny branches, and deep-yellow flowers. Rather rare, in the 
rocky parts of the fortified district of Pungo Andongo ; fl. April 1857. 
Native name “Sage.” No. 606. 


2. M. Welwitschianum Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 261. 


GoL_unco ALtTo.—A widely climbing shrub ; branches and petioles 
beset with bent-back prickles ; leaves abruptly bipinnate, glaucescent ; 
flowers fragrant, like those of Robinia PseudoAcacia L. ; calyx-tube 
short, urceolate-cymbiform, that is, protracted on one side; limb 
5-partite, deciduous; lobes green outside, yellowish inside, in front 
arched, at the base reddish, bright blood-red inside ; petals 5, pale- 
yellow, blood-red-scarlet at the claws inside, the posterior one with 
the margins folded forwards, and with two scarlet horns ; stamens 10, 
declinate, all fertile ; filaments gradually subulate from a broad base, 
densely woolly below the middle, nearly free ; ovary sessile, rather 
compressed, bearded with white hairs, of a deep blood-red colour, 
much inclined forwards, gradually tapering into: the cylindrical red 
style, yellow towards the apex; stigma truncate, scarcely thicker 
than the style, densely and delicately papillose. Rather rare, in the 
bushy wooded slopes of Sobato de Mussengue, climbing on “ Molélu” 
(Vernonia senegalensis Less.); fl. end of Oct. 1855. Native name 
“Sige” or “Sasche,” pronounced Zasha. The seeds are used in a 
game called ‘‘Sasse.” No. 608. 

Punco AnponGco.—A robust shrub, widely scandent, with oblique 
long sarmentose branches. In rocky places in Barrancos da Pedra ; 
ripe fr. March and April 1857. No. 609. Flowers yellow. Barrancos 
de Songue; fr. March and April 1857. Cou. Carp. 470. 


The following No. is perhaps a glabrate state or form of this 
species :— 

Pungo ANDONGO.—A diffusely branched shrub of 4 ft., or perhaps 
the fresh shoot of a mutilated tree. At the borders of the forest, 


Mata de Mangue, between Pungo Andongo and Cadumba ; without 
fl. or fr. Jan. 1857. No. 1808. 


63. CASSALPINIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 565. 


1. C. pulcherrima Sw. Obs. Bot. p. 166 (1791); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. ii. p. 262; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 151 (1884). 

Poinciana pulcherrima L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 380(1753). Welw. 
Apont. p. 574 under n. 175, p. 585, n. 16 ; Welw. Synopse, p. 52 
under n. 138 (1862). 

SrerrRA LEONE.—Subspontaneous alongside crops in gardens, near 
Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 595. 

PRINCE’s IsLAND.—Sept. 1853; fl. No. 596. 

Loanpa.—Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fr. August and Sept. 1860. Cou. 
Carp. 78. Everywhere cultivated in the villages of the negroes for its 
medicinal virtues ; seeds July 1854. Cori. Carp. 100. Subsponta- 
neous in deserted gardens and around the villages of the negroes ; fl. 
Jan. 1858 and May 1859. No. 59%a.. Fr. August 1854, Co... Carp. 
471. Spontaneous in thickets near Loanda, and cultivated in gardens ; 
fr. Dec. 1858. Cou. CARP. 472. 

GoLunco ALTO.— Cultivated and occasionally almost spontaneous 1n 


Cesalpinia| XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. 289 


secondary thickets around Sange; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855 (specimens not 
found). No. 599. 

PunGo ANDONGO.—A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, with a straight and 
sometimes bare trunk, and depresso-globose crown ; very sparingly or 
scarcely aculeate. Cultivated and subspontaneous, around the fortress 
of Pungo Andongo, at Pedras de Guinga ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1856 and 
Jan., Feb., March and May 1857. Native name ‘‘ Malosa.” No. 598. 

BENGUELLA.—Subspontaneous, in bushy places about the dwellings 
of the colonists and negroes, near the city of Benguella ; fi. and fr. 
June 1859. No. 597. 

It is cultivated generally and flourishes well in every province of 
Angola, becoming at times, as for example in Pungo Andongo, a very 
bushy little tree, beautifully covered with innumerable flowers of a very 
brilliant scarlet colour. A decoction of the root is administered by the 
negro doctors in cases of intermittent fever, and according to them 
an infusion of the leaves answers the same purpose as the leaves of 
senna (Welw., J/. cc.). 


2. C. Bonducella Fleming in Asiatic Res. xi. p. 159 (1810); 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 262. 

IsLaND oF St. THomas.—A robust shrub. Frequent but perhaps 
formerly introduced: along with crops, by thickets; fl. Dec. 1860. 
No. 1837, Only one seed in the study set : seed globose, lead-coloured, 
like a marble, 3 in. diam, Co.Lu. Carp. 473. 


64. GLEDITSIA Clayton, L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. 
p. 568 (Gleditschia). 

1. G. africana Welw. ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 304 
(1865); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. il. p. 265 (Gleditschia). 

Cesalpiniodes africanum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 167(1891). 

Hvitia.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with a diffuse crown ; trunk 5 to 
6 ft. high ; branches patent, thick ; flowers whitish-yellow ; anthers 
purple. In open stony woods around Mumpulla at an elevation of 
4000 ft.; fr, and sparingly fl. Oct. 1859. No. 591. 

The following No. which has less hairy foliage has been referred 
to the same species; Welwitsch in his mss. suggests that it may 
prove to be a different species; it is often confused with Lurkea 
africana Hook., var. andongensis Oliv., Welw. Herb. No. 574 :— 

Punco ANDoNGo.—A tree of middle size with a dilated crown. In 
the forest near Calundo; fr. June 1857. Native name “ Gungo” or 
“Gungolume.” No. 573. 


65. POINCIANA L.; Benth. & Hook. f: Gen. Pl. i. p. 569. 

1. P. regia Boj. ex Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2884 (1829); Oliv. Fl. 
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 266, in note; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 151. 

Loanpa.—A small very elegant tree, 15 ft. high, with patent sub- 
tortuous branches and deciduous leaves. Cultivated in an unfavour- 
able station at Loanda from seeds sent from Mozambique ; without fl. 
or fr. beginning of August 1858 ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 600. Seeds from 
the Mozambique coast, introduced in 1856, fl. at Loanda in 1861. 
Cou. Carp. 474. 

Seeds from the island of Zanzibar, whence introduced into Mozam- 
bique and there it is called “ Zanzibar Acacia”; introduced into the 
Lisbon botanical garden where it flowered, 26 August 1863. CoLL. 
Carp. 524. 

1g 


290 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. [ Cassia 


66. CASSIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 571. 


1. C. Sieberiana DC. Prodr. ii. p. 489 (1825); Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 270; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 516 (1871); 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 151 (1884). 

C. psilocarpa Welw. Apont. p. 587, n. 40. 


PuNnGo ANDONGO.—A small tree, perhaps a young one, 12 ft. high, 
branched at the base. Legumes 1 to 2 ft. long, cylindrical, nearly 1 in. 
thick. Native name of the plant ‘“ Mossambe,” and of the fruit 
‘‘Mossue”’ or “ Mostia.” Employed as a charm, especially in aural 
diseases. In wooded places near Quitage on the left bank of the river 
Cuanza, at a spot once much populated but then almost deserted ; 
without fl. March 1857 ; also forming rather extensive low woods in 
the same region, April 1857. No. 1740. An elegant tree of middle 
height ; crown spreading, leafy ; pods pendulous, 2 to 3 ft. long when 
ripe, cylindrical, used by the natives for curing various diseases and as 
a charm against corpulency. Fr. June 1857. Cou. Carp. 475. 

This species is rather rare in Pungo Andongo, but more abundant in 
the country of the Songo and in that of the eastern Congo ; the legumes 
much resemble those of C. Fistula L., although the shape of the seeds is 
a little different ; it is the Cassia fistula of Angola (Cannafistula), and 
the pods are met with in all the markets of the coast, where the native 
medical men obtain them, not for the purpose of compounding their 
physic, but to provide them with an instrument of divination in the 
detection of the origin of any malady, deed, etc. These impostors 
employ the utmost skill in artfully examining not only the poor patient 
but also his relatives and acquaintances, all of whom would be afraid, 
of an accusation or suggestion of being the cause or provoker of the 
malady. Welwitsch never observed any therapeutical value in this 
Cannafistula, nor did he discover in it any of the sweet pulp which that 
of India contains in abundance. (See Welw. Synopse, p. 51 n. 138.) 


The following Nos. (1738 and 17380), represented only by foliage, 
may belong to C’. Sieberiana DC.; but the leaflets are larger and 
more acute; they should also be compared with C. Pistula L. ; the 
leaflets much resemble those of No. 592, which is doubtfully referred 
to Intsia africana O.K., but they are more numerous (8 pairs) :— 


ISLAND OF St. THomas.—In the more elevated mountainous forests 
of the island, at about 2000 ft. alt. ; a leaf only sent to Welwitsch 
in the year 1862 from this island under the name of Cannafistula. 


No. 1738. 1861. No. 17380. 
The following No. is apparently an allied species :— 


Huiitta.—A small tree of 10 to 15 ft.; flowers not yet seen ; pods 
1 to 13 ft. long, cylindrical, packed with a close sweet-bitter meal, 
many-celled ; seeds vertical, not horizontal. In thickets near Huilla ; 
fr. end of Oct. 1859. Cou. Carp. 17. 

Possibly allied to C. Fistula L., but more slender ; it is apparently 
the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 52, n. 139 (1862), 
under the name of “ Cassia fistula de Huilla,” which he describes as a 
pretty little tree that adorns the thin forests composed of species of 
Acacia, Protea, Erythrina, Myrtacez, and Parinari, in the neighbour- 
hood of Lopollo and of the lake Ivantala in this district ; the pulp 
of the pods has a peculiar well-cefined aroma and a singular bitter- 
sweet taste ; though the native mcdical men did not appear to employ 
the fruits in their drugs, Welwitsch recoramended them to the attention 
of pharmacologists ; the trees bear a large crop of pods. 


Cassia} XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 291 


2. C. angolensis Welw. ms., sp. n. 

Cassia (sp.), C. Mannii Oliv. affinis, Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 272. 

A handsome deciduous tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, loosely and 
patently branched ; branches and branchlets slender, terete, striate, 
glabrescent and rather shining; leaves (young) about 9 in. long, 
10-15-jugate, glabrescent; leaflets pretty uniformly distributed 
in pairs along the rachis at intervals of $ to ? in. from the base 
of the petiole, oval, emarginate or retuse at the apex, obtuse at 
the base, about 14 by 3 in.; common petiole without glands ; 
petiolules ;4, in. long or less; racemes lateral and terminal ; 
common peduncle short ; axis of the inflorescence 1 to 13 in. long, 
erect-patent, puberulous; pedicels nearly glabrous, 2 to 3 in. long, 
spreading ; bracts obsolete; flowers showy, numerous, nearly | in. 
long ; sepals oval, 3 in. long, submembranous ; petals deep golden- 
yellow, large, veiny ; longer stamens nearly equalling the corolla, 
with rather thickened 3-sigmoidly curved and bent filaments and 
large oval anthers ; ovary glabrous ; pods not seen. 

CAazENGO.—Rather rare, in primitive woods near Cacula, in company 
with two species of Trema ; fl. and young leaves June 1855. No. 1736. 


3. C. goratensis Fresen. in Flora 1839, p. 53; Oliv., l.c., p. 273; 
Benth., U.c., p. 528 (1871). 


Bumpo.—A tall shrub. In forests near Bumbo; fr. 15 Oct. 1859. 
CouLi. Carp, 71. A bushy shrub, almost leafless when in flower and 
fruit. In stony thickets at the skirts of primitive woods, between 
Bumbo and Bruco, at an elevation of 2400 ft. at the base of the 
mountains of Serra da Xella; fl. and fr. (and the leafy individuals 
barren) Oct. 1859. No. 1727. 

Huiitia.—A small tree or a shrub; flowers dull-yellow. In the 
exposed stony parts of the open mixed woods near Mumpulla, in 
company with species of Protea, at an elevation of about 4100 ft.; 
fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1728. A small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high, with a 
loosely diffuse crown. In the more open sandy woods near Lopollo, in 
company with Tounatea madagascariensis Taub., and with species of 
Protea ; fl. and sparingly fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 1729. 


4. C. occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 377 (1753); Oliv., lc, 
p. 274; Benth., Z.c., p. 532 (1871) ; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 152 (1884). 
Cassia (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 575 under n. 175 (‘‘ Mudianhoca ”). 


AmBriz.—In waste places around Banga de Quisembo; fl. and fr. 
Noy. 1853. Called by the Portuguese “‘ Fedegoso.” No. 1723. 

LoaNDA.—Sometimes an annual herb, at other times woody and 
biennial or triennial. Leaves 4- or rarely 5-jugate. Common about 
habitations, at Quicuxe flowering in May 1854, and throughout the 
district flowering and fruiting during nearly the whole year, 1854 and 
Dec. 1858. Called by the negroes ‘“‘Munhanoca.” No. 1724. 

GoLuNGo ALTo.—Not uncommon in rather dry thickets and in the 
vicinity of houses, near Sange in beds of Andropogon ; fl. and fr. June 
1856. No. 1725. Called “ Caffé” by the negroes ; fr. CoLL. Carp. 476. 

IsLaAND OF St. THomas.—Dec. 1860; fr. CoLu. CARP. 390. 

A decoction of the root is employed in Angola in cases of intermittent 
fever after the manner of coffee-berries, and it was relished by Welwitsch 
himself ; see also Monteiro, Angola, vol. ii. p. 249 (1875). 


292 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Cassia 


5. C. Tora -L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 3764(1753); ‘Olivanewpeanee 
Benth., l.c., p. 535 (1871). 


GoLuNGo ALTo.—A suffruticose herb, occasionally an annual, 2 to 
35 ft. high, glaucous, with golden-yellow flowers. In grassy thickets 
between Bango and Mata de Quisuculo; fl. and fr. May 1856. No.1734. 
An erect branched herb, 1 to 14 ft. high, with pari-pinnate 3-jugate 
leaves and yellow flowers marked with green veins, a summer form in 
Feb. 1855 ; also a winter form sending forth further lateral flowering 
branches in August 1855; near Bango Aquitamba. No. 1734). An 
undershrub, 25 to 4 ft. high, with orange-yellow flowers ; fr. 30 Sept. 
1855. Cou. Carp. 480. Annual or biennial ; stem straight, branched ; 
leaflets broad, obovate, very obtuse, glaucous, in 2 or 3 pairs. In hilly 
situations near Quibixe ; fr. end of Sept. 1855. Cornu. Carp. 481. 


6. C. didymobotrya Fresen. in Flora, 1839, p. 53; Oliv., Lc., 
p. 270%; Benth, 7.¢.,\p..o01 (1871). 

C’. bracteosa Welw. ex W. Bull, Retail List, n. 14, p. 4 (1866) ; 
Oliv., .c., p. 277. Cassia (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 588. n, 61. 


GoLuNGo ALTO,—Flowers saffron-yellow, large ; bracts very large, 
black with a bluish tinge. In reedy thickets and exposed wooded 
places, near Sange and in Sobato de Quilombo Quiacatubia at an eleva- 
tion of 2400 ft., flowering 2 or 3 times a year ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855 and 
August 1856. No.1735. A shrub, 5 to 10 ft. high; flowers deep-yellow, 
crowded in very long spikes. In thickets at Canguerasange ; fr. Oct. 
1854. Cou. Carp. 477. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A shrub or smail tree, 5 to 8 ft. high, with very 
handsome golden-coloured flowers; fr. Oct. 1856 and June 1857. 
Cou. Carp. 171. 


7. C. obovata Collad. Hist. Cass. Med. p. 92, t. 15, A. (1816) ; 
Oliv., f.c., 277 ; Benth., U.c., p. 553 (1871); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 153. 


MossaAMEDES and BENGUELLA,—A perennial prostrate glaucous herb, 
flowering the first year; peduncles shorter than the leaves; flowers 
yellow ; pods elongate-reniform, wedge shaped at the base, 3 to 4 times 
longer than broad. At Praia da Amelia near the city of Mossamedes, 
also in sandy places on the coast near Benguella; fl. and fr. June 1859. 
No. 1726. Stems prostrate in a circle ; leaves glaucous ; legumes lunate- 
falcate, compressed, with a crested line running along each face. In 
sandy places near the city of Benguella; fr. June 1859. Couu. Carp. 108. 


8. C. Absus L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 376 (1753); Oliv., Zc, p. 279; 
Benth., é.c., p. 558. 


AmpBriz.—A viscid-glandular herb. In rough bushy places near 
Quisembo ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1730. 

LoanpA.—An annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched from the base ; 
leaves abruptly bijugate ; flowers yellow. In sandy hilly places with 
short herbage, above the city of Loanda near Alto das Cruzes, hardly 
in full fl. Dec. 1853. Also in groves of Euphorbia, sporadically in 
grassy sandy and clayey places between Teba and Cacuaco ; fr. Dec. 
1858. No. 1781. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high or more, with glaucescent 
leaves and yellow flowers. On the dry mountainous pastures of the 
Serra de Alto Queta, in company with species of Andropogon and 
Gladiolus ; fl. and fr. Feb. and again end of June 1856. No. 1782. 

Pungo ANpdoNnGo.—In sandy-clayey shortly-bushy hilly places on the 
left bank of the river Lutete ; fl. and fr. June 1857. No. 1783. 


Cassia | XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. 293 


9. C. Grantii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 279; Benth., c., p. 571. 
Var. pilosula Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii, p. 280. 


GotuNGco Autro.—A slender undershrub, 2 to 5 ft. high, patently 
branched ; stems 2 to 4 from the crown of the perennial root, scarcely 
as thick as a raven’s quill, rather terete, tenacious, purplish, sometimes 
sub-erect sub-simple and 2 ft. high but usually ascending, branched at 
the base with elongated subscandent branches of 1 to 2 ft. and then the 
stems attaining 4 to 5 ft.; branches always horizontally decumbent or 
leaning on the neighbouring little shrubs ; stems petioles stipules and 
all parts of the inflorescence except the corolla shaggy or ciliate with 
sparse thin rather long whitish pilose hairs ; leaves mostly 5-6-jugate ; 
leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong, rotundate-obtuse, mucronulate, 
glabrous but very thinly setose-ciliate on the margin, glaucescent. 
Plentiful but seen only in one spot, in bushy wooded places at the 
skirts of Mata de Quisucula ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 1722. 


10. C. mimosoides L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 379 (1753) ; Benth., /.c., 
Da aee gs Olen. tc. peel. 
C. gracillima Welw. Apont. p. 590, n. 88. 


Ampriz.—In wooded places near Quibanga; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. 
No. 1709. 

LoaNnpA.—Very common, in hilly places covered with herbage (and 
formerly ornamented with Hyphene thebaica Mart), near the city of 
Loanda, fl. and fr. Jan. to March 1854. Alto das Cruzes, fully in fr. 
April and beginning of May 1854. No. 1710. A very slender and 
elegant shrub, 1 to 14 ft. high, with a Mimosoid habit. Between 
Bemposta and Camuma, in fr. 18 May 1859, in pastures ; fr. COLL. 
Carp. 478. 

Gotunco ALTo.—An ascending undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves 
50-60-jugate ; flowers yellow. In the drier parts of the smaller thickets 
of Sobato de Bumba, amongst tall herbage; fl. and fr. April 1856. 
No. 1711. In groves of the oil-palm, near the river Cuango; fl. May 
1855, rather rare. No. 17110. 

Ampaca.—An undershrub or almost a small shrub; root long, 
straight, very thin, woody-fibrous ; stems ascending or prostrate ; pods 
linear, black. In shortly bushy sandy pastures, at an elevation of 
2900 ft., between the river Lucala and Halo; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. 
No. 1712. A strictly erect undershrub, very pretty, 3 to 4 ft. high, 
sparingly branched; branches erect-subpatent; flowers yellow. 
Sparingly in hilly thickets from Puri-Cacarambola in the direction of 
N-gombe; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No.1713. A little shrub, 2 to 3 ft. 
high ; fl. Oct. 1856, fr. June 1857. Cou. Carp. 479. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An undershrub, from a few inches to 3 ft. high, 
always erect. Among herbage near Sansamanda by the banks of the 
river Cuanza; fl. Feb. 1857. No.1715. In the borders of woods near 
Condo, at the great cataract of the river Cuanza, one specimen ; fl. March 
1857. No.1714. From the thick rootstock 10 to 20 stems ascending. 
Frequent, in moist meadows at the base of Serra de Pedras de Guinga, 
in company with species of Scleria, Irideze, etc.; fl. and fr. March 1857. 
No. 1716. 

Huvuitia.—A tender herb, ever erect but soon dying ; a small-leaved 
form ; flowers pale-yellow. Very common, in damp wooded meadows 
between Catumba and Monino on the left bank of the river Lopollo ; 
fl. and fr. March and April 1860. No. 1717. A dwarf perennial herb, 
2 to 3 in. high, with numerous stems ; rootstock fleshy-subtuberculate. 
In hilly bushy pastures, rather dry but at times irrigated with copious 


294 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA, | Cassia 


rains, near Catumba ; in fl. Nov. 1859. No. 1718. Common in hilly 
sandy-stony places near Mumpulla, in company with species of Thesiwm 
and Thymelez, etc., sparingly ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859 (subsequently 
found to have been destroyed by fire); a dwarf form with large flowers, 
about 2 in. long, which much resembles some states of C. capensis Thunb. 
No. 1719. A slender erect undershrub, woody at the base ; flowers 
larger, of a splendid orange colour ; calyx almost entirely petaloid. In 
the more elevated pastures of Empalanca, at 5200 ft. alt., picked up 
hurriedly while reconnoitring ; fl. end of March 1860. No. 1720. 

11. C. Kirkii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 281; Benth., /.c., p. 580. 

Huiiia.—A robust erect ornamental undershrub, usually branched, 
2 ft. high ; stems rigid, purple, hard-woody, tomentose especially above 
and on the branches ; leaves 12-32-jugate ; leaflets very gibbous at the 
base on one side ; petiole with a dark-purple hemispherical gland at 
the base ; flowers axillary, large, of a fine orange colour ; peduncles 
densely bracteolate, 3-4-flowered ; pedicels unequal; sepals 4 or $ 
shorter than the petals, acuminate, dark-purple ; style arched, nearly as 
long as the ovary. Abundant in bushy-grassy wooded places between 
Eme and Monino ; fl. Dec. 1859, fr. Feb. 1860. No. 1721. 

12. C. bicapsularis L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 376 (1753); Schmidt, 
Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. pp. 23, 339 (1852); Benth., dc. p. 525. 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLANDS.—A much-branched shrub, as tall as a man. 
Cultivated in the island of St. Jago; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1737. 

The specimen appears to belong to this species, which is a 
native of Tropical America and is not unfrequently introduced 
into India and elsewhere. The following should be compared 
with the same species and with Cassia floribunda Cav. ; Lowe, é.c., 
p. 228 :— 

Carpe DE VERDE IsLANpDs.—Cultivated with crops in the public 
garden at Villa de Mindello, St. Vincent; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1741. 
A shrub 6 to 7 ft. high and very much branched, almost a small tree, 
well worthy of cultivation. Cultivated in the island of St. Vincent ; 
fr. Jan. 1861. Cou. Carp. 483. 

13. C. corymbosa Lam. Encycl. Méth. i. p. 644 (1783) ; Benth., 
Lc., p. 526; vel affinis. 

CAPE DE VERDE IJIsLANDS.—A much branched bushy profusely 
flowering shrub. Cultivated in the public garden of the Island of 
St. Vincent, at Praia de Mindello ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1739. 

The species, to which this No. apparently belongs, is a native of 
South America, 


67. DIALIUM L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 574. 

1. D. guineense Willd. in Roem. Arch. i. p. 30, t. 6 (1796); 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 283; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 153 (1884). 

Codarium acutifolium Afzel, Gen. Pl. Guin. p. 23 (1804). 

IsLAND OF Str. THomaAs.—A_ small tree, called by the negroes 
‘“Salamba.’”’ In the mountainous forests of the Monte Caffé, at an 
elevation of about 2000 ft. above the sea; in flower-bud Dec. 1860. 
No. 4127. 

2. D. angolense Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 283; Ficalho, 
Pl. Uteis, p. 153. 

Punco ANpDoNGO.—Trunk at the height of 5 to 7 ft. patently 


Dialium| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 295 


branched, with a rather lax crown ; leaves thickly coriaceous, of a very 
bright-green colour, shining, closely veined on both surfaces ; flowers 
yellowish, waxy ; calyx yellow-greenish ; filaments green, thick; 
anthers ovate, yellow ; ovary central, sessile, ovate, densely rufous- 
villous, nearly black ; legume ovate, flatly compressed, eaten by the 
negroes. Not uncommon in the woods cn the island Calemba in the 
river Cuanza, between Condo and Quisonde ; flowering above and in 
young fr. below, 12 March 1857. No. 602. 

As suggested by Oliver, /.c., this plant may prove to belong to a race 
of D. guineense, Willd. ; in Angola the name of the former is “ Velvet 
Tamarind,” and the same name is applied to the latter in Sierra Leone. 


68. GRIFFONIA Baill. in Adansonia vi. p. 188 in note (7 Oct. 
1865); non Hook.f. Bandeircea Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. 
Pl.i. p. 577 (Oct. 1865). 

Baillon in Adansonia vil. p. 222 in note (1866) claims priority 
of publication for his Griffonia over Welwitsch’s name. 


1. G. speciosa Taub. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 
p. 147 (1892). 

Bandeirea speciosa Welw. ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 
p. 306, t. 40 (1865); Welw. Sert. Ang. p. 26, name only (1869) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 284. 


GoLunGco ALTO.—A very beautiful climbing shrub, with dark- 
purple regular flowers like those of Fuchsia ; calyx scarlet, waxy- 
brittle ; petals obscurely herbaceous-green, very brittle; ovary few- 
ovuled ; rather rarely, fl. Nov. 1854. A scandent shrub, sometimes a 
small tree, rather rarely flowering; flowers with the aspect of those 
of Schotia ; in the bushy parts of palm-groves, near Bango ; fl. Sept. 
1855. Not uncommon in thickets around Canguerasange; a shrub, 
4 to 5 ft. high, much and patently branched ; seeds obovate-circular or 
quite circular, lenticular-compressed, girt with a rather acute margin, 
quite black, 5 to 2 in. diam. ; testa rather thickly membranous ; 
embryo straight ; cotyledons of the same shape as the seed, black, 
fleshy, on the margin sharp, rather convex on the external surface, flat 
on the internal surface; radicle sub-oblique, short, exserted, very 
obtusely conical ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 559. Coun. Carp. 538. 
In the primitive woods around Delamboa, widely climbing on trees 
with Dalhousiea africana 8. Moore ; fl. Feb. 1855 ; forms with more 
acute leaves. Also in mountamous wooded stations in Sobato de 
Bumba, Oct. 1855. No. 559d. On the highest parts of Cungulun- 
gulo ; fr. Feb. 1855. Only one pod ; it measured 23 in. long by 14 in. 
thick by 2 in. deep, on a pedicel of lin. Cox. Carp. 484. A shrub 
standing erect or usually scandent ; flowers red-scarlet ; pods inflated, 
quite black, 1 to 13 in. long, 2-4-seeded ; seeds transverse. Bango 
Aquitamba ; fr. June. Coun. Carp. 495. 

The plant occurred in company with Cacoucia platyptera Welw. 
Herb. No. 1752 ; see Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 26. 

CoLu. Carp. 496 consists of seeds of Schotia speciosa Jacq., from 
a cultivated specimen obtained for comparison with this species of 
Griffonia. 


69. BAUHINIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 575. 
1. B. cissoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl]. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 287. 
AmpBaca.—A climbing shrub or undershrub, with the habit of Vitis 


296 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Bauhinia 


and giving the country the appearance as if planted with Vitis vinifera 
L. ; flowers large, of a sulphur-orange colour. Very common, in stony 
thickets from Isanga to Ambaca ; fl. and young fr. Oct. 1856, at Lutete 
in Jan. 1857; with ripe fr. June 1857. No. 552. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An undershrub, with horizontally trailing shoots 
4 to 10 ft. long. In rocky thickets near the river Cuanza, frequent ; 
without fl. March 1857. Near Candamba; with fr. March 1857. 
No. 551. A suffruticose herb, climbing far and widely over shrubs and 
on the herbaceous ground, when not in flower perfectly simulating a 
Cissus ; flowers handsome, turning from orange to wine-red ; by the 
great cataract near Condo; fl. March 1857. No. 551d. 


2. B. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 287. 


PunGo ANDONGO.—A procumbent and scandent undershrub ; flowers 
of a wine-citron colour, at length blood-red. In the moist parts of the 
very high rocks of Tunda Quilombo ; fl. Jan. 1857, in young fr. April 
1857. No. 554. 


The following No. perhaps belongs to the same species, as sug- 
gested by Oliver, l.c., p. 288; the species, however, seems to me to 
be doubtfully distinct from LB. cissoides :— 


Huiiia.—Leaves broadly sinuate, glaucous above. On _ bushy 
slopes with tall herbage, near the great lake of Ivantala ; in young fr. 
Feb. 1860. No. 553. 


3. B. tomentosa L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 375 (1753) ; Oliv., Z.c., 290. 
Alvesia Bauhinioides, Welw. Apont. p. 587, n. 47. 


Loanpa.—A shrub; flowers handsome, of a deep sulphur colour, 
nodding or very spreading. By the rocks along the sea coast near 
Praia do Bispo; fl. Feb. 1858, fr. June 1855. Also near Morro da 
Cruiz among Aloes ; fl. and fr. Jan. and April 1854. No. 557. 

GoLuNGO ALTO.—A very elegant little tree of 6 to 12 ft. or oftener 
a shrub of 5 to 6 ft. ; stems straight ; branches spreading ; flowers deep 
sulphur-yellow, large. At the borders of woods by the road to 
Ambaca near Sange ; fr. June 1856. Also on the slopes of the moun- 
tains near the river Xixe ; in young fl. Oct. 1854. No. 556. Petals 
marked inside with a purple spot at the base. At the margins of 
primitive woods ; fr. June and August 1857. Cox. Carp. 485. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A shrub, 5 to 10 ft. high ; flowers large, of a 
deep sulphur colour, with purple spots inside, connivent in a cam- 
panulate manner, rather nodding. In wooded thickets near Quitage ; 
fl. March 1857. No. 558. 


4, B. acuminata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 375 (1753); Oliv., Lc., 
p. 290, in note. 

SIERRA LEONE.—In wooded places, on the way to and behind the 
Sugar Loaf Mountains ; fl. and young fr. Sept. 1853. No. 555. 

So determined by Oliver, /.c.; the species is East Indian, whence 
the plant has apparently been introduced into Sierra Leone. 


5. B. reticulata DC. Prodr. ii. p. 515 (1825); Oliv. FI. Trop. 
Afr, il. p. 290 (articulata); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 153 (1884). 

Locellaria Bauhinioides Welw. Apont. p. 588, n. 52. Bauhinia 
(sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 575 under n. 175; Welw. Synopse, p. 32, n. 77. 

Loanpa.— Occasionally cultivated near the city of Loanda on account 


of the bark affording an astringent remedy as a wash for wounds. 
Imhondeiro dos Lobos; fl. Oct. 1853 and May 1854, Native name 


Bauhinia] XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 297 


“Mulodlo.” Abundant, first near Calumguembo, in Zenza do Golungo, 
and even more frequent throughout the districts of Golungo Alto and 
Cazengo to Ambaca, where it begins to become scarce. FI. Sept. to 
May. Calungula; fl. Sept. 1857. No. 546 d’s. A small leafy tree, 
with elongate-patent branches aud white flowers. In moist places 
near stagnant pools, very rare; seeds July 1854. Cony. Carp. 487. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—Legumes indehiscent, compact and corky- 
spongy inside, transversely many (80 to 1(00)-loculate; seeds 80 to 
100. Native name “ Mulolo.”’ Fr. Sept. 1857. Cou. Carp. 486. 

GoLtuNGo ALTO.—A tree, 9 to 15 ft. high, rarely as much as 20 ft., of 
stately appearance in primitive forests ; trunk 4 to 10, rarely attaining 
18 in. diam. at the base, nearly always more or less obliquely twisted ; 
branches divaricate-tortuous ; leaves bi-lobed, coriaceous; flowers 
whitish, or from whitish verging on rose-colour ; calyx campanulate, 
limb 5-cleft ; petals 5, unguiculate, inserted on the calyx ; limb ovate- 
subrotund, crenate and crisp on the margin, imbricate in estivation, 
purplish-white, hardly ever fully expanded, fugacious; stamens 10, 
inserted with the petals, all fertile ; anthers white, incumbent, 2-celled, 
oblong, dehiscing longitudinally ; style straight, thick, almost sub- 
clavate, stigmatose at the apex; legume dry, woody, indehiscent, 
8 to 10 in. long, 1 to 13 in. broad, very hard, usually tortuous and 
shapeless. Abundant throughout the district, in the drier thickets 
and on dry and sandy slopes, almost always in company with 
‘“Molungo” (Hrythrina suberifera Welw. Herb. Nos, 2229, 2230), and 
sometimes with tall species of Pennisetum ; fil. and fr. Sept. 1854; in 
Sobato de Mussengue, near Menhalula, fl. and fr. 21 May 1855. The 
tree contains much tannin, but is in this respect much inferior to 
Albizzia coriaria Welw. Herb. 1762 to 1765 ; the bark and leaves are 
crushed and applied to wounds and ulcers. Native names “ Mulolo” 
or “ Musacamia.” No. 547. 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A tree, 6 to 12 ft. high, with astringent bark ; 
flowers whitish; pods many-celled. Occasional in the wooded 
thickets of the fortress, in the direction of Cazella, etc. ; fl. Dec. 1856. 
No. 548. 

HviLuia.—aA tree, 7 to 10 ft., with a dense crown, but not giving 
much shade. In woods near Eme, common; fr. April 1860. No. 549. 

The bark of Mulolo is generally employed as an astringent decoction 
in cases of intermittent fever and eruptions, and to cleanse ulcers, as 
in this last case Welwitsch could affirm by personal experience ; the 
same bark also contains a colouring matter, the colour of canella 
(see Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 32, n. 77). 

6. B. garipensis E. Mey. Comment. Pl. Afr. Austr. i. p. 162 
(lego) Olin be. p. 291, 


MossaMEDES.—A pretty nearly arborescent shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, 
with approximated virgate branchlets 1 to 3 ft. long ; bark persistently 
whitish-ashy, farinaceous-pruinose ; leaves glaucous, thinly coriaceous, 
occasionally 14 in. broad and 3 in. long, thus larger than in the type 
of the species ; flowers yellowish with purple veins; petals scarcely 
twice the calyx. Legumes subglabrous or somewhat glandular, dehis- 
cent. In tall thickets along the banks of the river Maiombo, near 
Pomangala and below Cazimba, also near Quitibe de Baixo; fl. and 
nearly ripe fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1708. A shrub, the numerous stems 
and branches virgate-sarmentose ; leaves obcordate ; flowers cinereous 
—purplish—striate ; legumes hatchet-shaped, 2-3-seeded. Abundant 
between Pomangala and Quitibe de Baixo; fl. and fr. 14 Get. 1859. 
Cou. Carp. 469. 


298 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [ Berlinia 


70. BERLINIA Solander ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 579. 


1. B. paniculata Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 311 (1865) ; 
Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxvii. t. 22 (ramulus, fig. 10, 
not fig. 1) (1869) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 295; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 155 (1884). 


Hvuria.—A tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with a broad crown, frequently 
flowering in the young state when only 5 to 6 ft. high ; forming forests 
mixed with other species of the same or allied genera; stamens 
diadelphous, one connate at the base only ; March 1860. No. 581. A 
moderate-sized tree, 13 to 30 ft. high, with spreading branches ; flowers 
whitish-yellow. Frequent and constituting little woods, between 
Mumpulla and Nene; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 582. <A tree 15 to 
25 ft. high, the matrix of the male flowers of Pilostyles ethiopica Welw. 
Herb. No. 529; in the mountainous woods between Lopollo and 
Monino, at an elevation of about 5500 ft. above the sea-level ; without 
fl. or fr. 10 May 1860. One of the trees called ‘“ Panda.” No. 577. 


Var. glabrior Oliy., /.c. 


Punco ANDONGO.—A moderate-sized tree with a lax crown ; flowers 
white. The trunk when cut through shows a resinous ring about the 
centre not next the interior of the bark. Forms forests together 
with the trees called ‘“‘ Homoé,” “Panda,” ‘ Mututu,” “ Muzamba,” 
and ‘ N-punda.” All these trees supply excellent building-timber and 
firewood, but are frequently found mutilated by conflagrations in 
the forests and so appear only as shrubs of 6 to 8 ft. in height which 
flower not very rarely but scarcely ever perfect their fruit. Im woods 
around the fortress of Pungo Andongo up to the banks of the river 
Cuanza; fl. and young fr. 1 May 1857. Native name “ Mutdé.” 
No. 567. A form with obtuse leaflets, in company with the above 
near Sansamanda ; fl. May 1857 (no specimen separated for the British 
Museum). No. 5670. 


Var. ? ferruginea Benth., l.c.; Oliv., Le. 


Hvuiiia.—A tree, 10 to 20 ft. high, with dilated crown. Rather rare, 
in but little dense stony woods near Mumpulla, in the plain of Huilla ; 
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 576, and Coun. Carp. 455. 

2. B. angolensis Welw. ex Benth., l.c., p. 310 (1865) ; Oliv., Lc., 
p- 296; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 155. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree, about 25 ft. high, with a lax crown ; 
habit that of ‘‘ Panda” but with two or three times larger leaves and 
less lofty and also with the pod two or three times greater. In the 
but little dense primitive forests of ‘‘ Mata de Mangue,” between the 
town of Pungo Andongo and Candumba, very sporadic ; fl. Jan. 1857. 
Native name “ Homoé.” No. 568. 

Var. subcordata (Welw.), Oliv., /.c. 

Pungo ANDoNGO.—A tree, 25 to 30 ft. high, with lax branches ; fruit 
nearly 9 in. long, obliquely and densely wrinkled. In forests near the 
river Cuanza; fr. 1 May 1857. In mixed forests along the banks of 
the river Cuanza between the fortress and Candumba ; fl. Jan. 1857. 
Native name “ Homoé.” No. 569. 

The following No. perhaps belongs to this species, but should 
be compared with No. 575 mentioned under Brachystegia spicce- 
Jormis Benth. :— 

Pcunco ANnpongo.—A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with the habit of 


Berlinia| XLIV. LEGUMINOSA, 299 


‘* Mutone ” (No. 567) or of the large-leaved “ Panda” (Nos. 568, 569). 
In open woods near Luxillo and Cazella ; without fl. Dec. 1856. Also 
near Quitage, not far from salt springs; a shrub 5 to 6 ft. high always 
barren, March 1857. No. 570. Cf. Couu. Carp..491. 


71. VOUAPA Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guian. p. 25, tt. 7, 8 (1775). 
Macrolobium Schreb (1789) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 579. 

1. V. macrophylla Baill. in Adansonia, vi. p. 178, t. 3, f. 6 (1865). 

Macrolobium Palisoti Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 308 
(1865); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. p. 297. 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A tree of moderate size, with a straight trunk, in 
the primitive forests 30 to 40 ft. high with the trunk 2 to 3 ft. in diam. 
at its base ; bark whitish or coriaceous ; leaves deep glossy-green above, 
silvery-shining beneath, sub-coriaceous ; calyx bi-bracteolate, tube short 
and ventricose, limb bilabiate and 4-cleft, the three anterior lobes equal, 
the posterior one broader and more or less bifid, all green and rather 
fleshy ; petals 5, inserted on the throat of the calyx, all white or 
greenish-white or soon turning yellowish-cinnamon or four green and 
the longest one cinnamon-tawny, the four anterior ones equal very 
small 3 or 4 times shorter than the calyx-lobes, the fifth one posterior 
large longer than the calyx-lobes obcordate-spathulate with a channelled 
claw, limbs deeply cordate-excised with connivent lobes ; stamens 9, 
inserted in two series, 5 exterior and 4 interior, the 5 exterior ones 
larger and alternating with the petals, usually 3 of them (rarely only 
1 or 2 very rarely 4) fertile and the other 2 posterior smaller and 
inserted on each side of the large petal, the 4 interior ones rudimentary 
(sometimes reduced to 3 or 2) opposite the minute petals ; ovary ovate- 
lanceolate, densely hairy shortly stipitate, 1-celled; ovules 4 or 5, 
ellipsoidal, pendulous ; style filiform elongate, curved above the middle ; 
stigma narrowly capitate ; pods dehiscent. 

GoLunco ALTo.—In primitive forests in Sobato de Bumba near the 
cataract of Capopa, sporadic ; end of August 1855. In Serra de Alto 
Queta at Zenzas de Queta and Quibolo, in mountainous primitive 
forests ; fl. Dec. 1855 and May 1856, fr. August 1856. No. 560. 

Punco AnDoNGO.—Mata de Pungo; fr. Jan. 1857. Coun. Carp. 535. 

Welwitsch in Sert. Angol. p. 22 refers to forests comprised for the 
chief part of species of Macrolobium and another genus and situate in 
the district of Pungo Andongo; this species is doubtless intended. 


72. INTSIA P. Thouars, Nov. Gen. Madag. n. 75 in Roemer, 
Collect. Bot. p. 212 (1809). Afzelia Sm. (1798); Benth. & Hook. 
Gen. Pl. i. p. 580; non Gmel. (1791). 

1. I. africana O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 192 (1891). 

Afzelia africana Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soe. iv. p. 221 (1798); 
Oliv., Zc., p. 302. 

GoLuUNGO ALTO.—A tree, 20 ft. high, with a dilated densely frondose 
crown, and habit of the genus. In secondary woods by the road leading 
from Sange towards Sobato de Bumba ; leafy branches without either 
fl. or fr. Feb. 1856. This is doubtfully referred here ; the leaflets much 
resemble those of No. 1738 which has been doubtfully referred to 
Cassia Sieberiana DC., but they are less numerous (in 5 pairs). No. 592. 

2. I. cuanzensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 192 (1851). 

Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Apont. p. 586, n. 35 (1859); Oliv., 
1.c., p. 302 (cwanzensis). 


300 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. [J ntsia 


GoLunco ALTo.—A tree with the habit of Ceratonia Siliqua L., 15 
to 28 ft. high ; crown ample, spreading ; branches patent ; branchlets 
drooping ; leaves abruptly pinnate, 4 to 9- or even 10-jugate ; leaflets 
coriaceous, yellowish-green and glossy above, glaucous beneath with 
the yellowish midrib rather prominent ; calyx velvety, green, fleshy, 
bibracteate at the base ; bracts large, rather fleshy, concave, obtuse ; 
calyx-tube turbinate ; limb 4-partite, segments obovate-oblong, rather 
rigid, concave, two opposite ones smaller than the others ; petal soli- 
tary, inserted on the throat of the calyx, opposite to the carinal suture 
of the ovary, with a long channelled green claw ; limb broadly obcor- 
date or rarely 3 or 4-lobed, blood-red-scarlet inside ; more or less curved- 
inflected as if protecting the ovary; stamens 7 to 9, inserted with 
the petal, variously bent or tortuous, more or less united at the base, 
yellowish-green, 5 to 7 of them fertile; anthers cordate, 2-celled, 
longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary shortly stipitate, rather pilose, com- 
pressed, curved in a sigmoid manner ; style arching ; stigma narrowly 
capitate (as a thickened and truncate tip of the style), very delicately 
papillose. Sobato de Bumba, at the margin of the forest, near Sange, 
very rare, only one tree seen; fl. beginning of Dec. 1855. The wood 
is used for musical instruments. No. 628. Near Sange in wooded 
situations, rare ; fl. Jan. 1855. Probably introduced into this district 
from the banks of the river Cuanza, where it forms a prominent 
feature in the character of the landscape. No. 593. Con. Carp. 490. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree, 12 to 25 ft. high ; crown depressed-dilated 
in the form of an umbrella; the lower branches nodding; legume 
woody, very hard, 6 to 9-seeded, many-celled, nearly two years old 
when ripe ; seeds as hard as a stone. Common in wooded stations 
along the banks of the river Cuanza ; from Sansamanda to Quisonde ; 
fl. Jan. 1857, ripe fr. May 1857. Near Candumba; fr. March 1857. 
In company with Phenix spinosa Schum. & Thonn., and with a 
species of Combretum. No.594. Cou. Carp.173. Legume dehiscent. 
Candumba ; fr. March 1857. Cou. Carp. 489. 


73. CRYPTOSEPALUM Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 
p. 584. 


1. C.2? mimosoides Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 305. 


Punco AnponGco.—A dwarf shrub, a few inches high, resembling in 
habit Cassia mimosoides li.; stems erect ; flower-buds red or rose- 
purple. At the margins of woods in bushy places near the great 
cataract of the river Cuanza at Condo; in young fl. March 1857. 
No. 610. Scarcely a foot high, cespitose ; rootstock creeping ; 
branches erect or ascending. In the shady mountainous parts of 
woods composed of Muzamba (Herb, 571, see under Brachystegia 
tamarindoides Welw.), between Pedras de Guinga and Mutollo ; with- 
out either fl. or fr, March 1857. No. 611. A small shrub, 4 to 6 in. 
high ; branches erect from a thick woody horizontal rootstock. In 
(mica-schist) stony places at the base of Pedras de Guinga, without 
either fl. or fr., Jan. 1857. No. 612. 


74. BRACHYSTEGIA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 
p. 582. Didelotia, sect. Brachystegia, Taub., vix Baill. 

1. B. spiceformis Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxv. p. 312 (1865) ; 
Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxvii. t. 22 (ramulus, jig. 1) 
(1869); Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 306; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 155 (1884). 


Brachystegia| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 301 


Houiiia.—In thin woods between Mumpulla and Nene, rath 
frequent but sparingly in flower; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 578. A tree, 20 
to 35 ft. high and more, called by the negroes “ Panda ” or “ Mupanda ” 
as are also several other species of the same habit; common and 
gregarious in woods between Monino and the lake of Ivantala ; fr. 
Feb., April and May 1860. No. 580. A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with 
depressed-ovoid crown, excellent bark, and evergreen foliage ; fre- 
quent in woods between Humpata and Lopollo, but not then seen by 
Welwitsch in flower, Nov. 1859. Called “ Mupondo.” No. 580 dis. A 
tree, the matrix of the femaie flowers of Pilostyles ethiopica Welw. ; in 
the elevated woods of Morro de Monino ; fr. May 1860. No. 583. Cf. 
Coti. Carp. 494. 


Var. (?) grandiflora Benth., l.c., p. 313; Oliv., Le. 


HviLtia.—A small tree, about 10 ft. high ; on the top ranges of the 
mountains of Serra da Xella at an elevation of about 4000 ft. ; almost 
without leaves but with young leaves at the extremities of the 
branches and with white flowers at the beginning of Oct, 1859. 
No. 579. 


The following Nos. may belong to this species, but should be 
compared with No. 570 which is mentioned under Berlinia ango- 
lensis Welw.; it should also be compared with Berlinia paniculata 
Benth. :— 


Punco ANDONGO.—A tree, 25 to 40 ft. high and more; trunk 
straight, free from branches to the height of 10 to 15 ft.; with lax 
branches at the apex ; forming very vast forests, called ‘‘ Matas de 
Panda,’ around Pungo Andongo up to Sansamanda. Leaflets shortly 
and broadly pointed. Native name “ Panda.” Near Sansamanda ; in 
leaf without fl. April 1857. No. 575. Sansamanda ; fr. 1 May 1857. 
Cou. Carp. 492. In sandy forests between the river Lutete and the 
fortress of Pungo Andongo; in leaf Oct. 1856. Local name ‘“‘ Panda 
verdadeira,” that is, genuine Panda (a unique specimen). No. 5750. 
Luxillo; fr. May 1857. Cou. Carp. 493. 

HvuiLua.—Monino ; fr. May 1860. Called “ Panda.” Couu. Carp. 
494, Fr. May 1860. Cou. Carp. 498, 


The following No. should be compared with Brachystegia spicc- ° 
formis Benth. :— 


Huitia.—A small tree of 6 ft., mutilated by the winter conflagra- 
tions. In thickets at the borders of pastures near Nene ; without fl. or 
fr Oct..1so9. No: 617. 


2. B. tamarindoides Welw. ex Benth., /.c., p. 312; Oliv., de., 
p. 307; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 155. 


Huiitia.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high or, in the forests free from confla- 
gration, more than 40 ft. high, with the habit and foliage like those of 
Tamarindus indica L.; a remarkable ornament of the table-land of the 
district ; crown thyrsiform ; trunk branched a little above the base ; 
branches and branchlets sub-tortuous ; leaflets in the state of sleep 
bifariously imbricate upwards along the rachis. Common, occasionally 
constituting little woods, between Lopollo and the lake of Ivantala ; 
fl. Oct. 1859, in young fr. Feb. 1860. No. 585. Fr. May 1860. Cott. 
Carp. 488. Fr. Feb. and May 1860, Cot. Carp. 497. A tree, 20 ft. 
high ; branches erect-spreading, not divaricate as in No. 585 ; in wooded 
places at the banks of the river Cacolabar ; without either fl. or fr. Feb. 
1860. A doubtful member of this species. Nos. 585), 4157. 


302 XLIV. LEGUMINOS#, | Brachystegia 


On No. 585 twines the Menispermaceous climber, Stephania rotunda 
Lour. (Welw. No. 2322). 

To this or a nearly allied species Bentham and Oliver, Jl.cc., 
refer the following No.; the native name is “ Muzamba” :— 

Punco ANDoNGo.—A handsome tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with dilated 
crown, constituting very beautiful forests ; branches elongated ; timber 
whitish, valuable in every respect. Common, especially between Condo 
and Quisonde, also at the base of Serra de Pedras de Guinga, on the 
slopes of primitive woods, descending to the plains ; in young fr. March 
1857. No. 571. At Sansamanda, at the beginning of May 1857, in 
nearly ripe fr. A unique specimen. No. 5710. 

The following No. also appears to be not far removed from the 
above-mentioned species of Brachystegia; it must be compared 
with the genus Cryptosepalum and with the plant figured in Serpa 
Pinto’s book, How I Crossed Africa, vol. i. p. 305 (1881); it also 
may prove to belong to the same species as Nos. 585) and 4157, 
and perhaps the same as Nos. 571 and 5716. 


Houitia.—A small tree, avout 8 ft. high, with the habit nearly of a 
Pistacia ; sparingly in forests composed of species of Hugenia (Syzygium), 
Proteacez, etc., between Mumpulla and Nene ; without either fl. or fr. 
Oct. 1859. No. 584. 

The next following No. cannot be satisfactorily determined ; it 
has been regarded by Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 305, as probably 
a new species of Cryptosepalum, allied to C.? mimosoides, Welw., 
but Welwitsch thought that perhaps it was Muzamba No. 571 :— 


Pungo ANDONGO.—A small shrub, 1 to 25 ft. high ; rootstock woody, 
with numerous stems ; stems erect, ceespitose, perhaps the up-growth 
of a mutilated tree ; branchlets rather spreading. The leaves of the 
younger portion of the plant are much larger than the lower and older 
leaves. Frequent in the primitive woods of Mata Grande near Pedras 
de Guinga and in the woods of Mutollo between Pedras de Guinga and 
Candumba, in the shade of forests consisting of Muzamba (Herb. 571) ; 
without either fl. or fr. Jan. and March 1857. No. 572. 


75. TAMARINDUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 581. 


1. T. indica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 34 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 574, under n. 175; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 308; Ficalho, Pl. 
Uteis, p. 156 (1884). 


LoanpA.—A huge majestic tree, ranging up to 50 ft.in height, with a 
broad frondose crown, probably introduced in older times, frequently 
cultivated in Angola, especially in the littoral region and along the 
banks of the larger rivers, also occasionally spontaneous ; celebrated 
in all parts for the agreeable acid pulp of its fruit. At Penedo near 
the city of Loanda ; in good fl. and ripe fr. Dec. 1858. No. 564. 

GoLtunco ALTo.—A small tree, 12 ft. high. In the garden of 
Senr. Rodrigo at Sange, in a spot a short distance from that of the 
heteromorphous variety (No. 588), not in a vigorous state and without 
fl. 14 Dec, 1854. No. 564b. <A shrub, 5 ft. high, patently branched 
from the base ; branchlets flexuous, divaricate ; leaves glaucescent. In 
wooded bushy slopes, on a mica-schist substratum, perhaps formerly 
cultivated, near Sange; without fl. Feb. 1855. A heteromorphous 
variety or monstrosity, with many of the leaflets having long tails. 


Nos. 588, 4156. 


Tamarindus | XLIV. LEGUMINOS2. 303. 


CaAZENGO,—Not uncommonly cultivated along the banks of the rivers 
Luinha and Lucala, and occasionally spontaneous ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 
and Jan. 1855. No. 565. 

IsLAND or Str. THomas.—In fl. Dec. 1860. No. 566. 


76. COPAIBA Mill. Gard. Dict., edit. 7 (1759). Copaiva Jacq. 
Enum. Pl. Carib. p. 4 (1760). Copatfera L. (1762), Benth. & Hook. 
f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 585. 


1. C. Mopane O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 172 (1891). 

Copaifera? Mopane Kirk ex Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 
p. 317, t. xliii. A. (1865); Benth. & Hook. f., dc.; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. i. p. 315; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 163 (1884). 

Bumpo.—A handsome tree, with the habit of Bauhinia; wood 
excellent ; resin coloured blood-red and called ‘‘Sangue de Drago 
false.’ Abundant and constituting extensive forests in rocky moun- 
tainous places about the base of Serra da Xella, in company with 
Tamarix orientalis Forsk. (Welw. No. 1086)), Garcinia angolensis Vesq. 
(Welw. No. 1048), Acacia arabica Willd. (Welw. No. 1827), and the 
fungus n. 488 ; near Bumbo in young leaf Oct. 1859. No.605. A tree, 
15 to 50 ft. high, easily distinguished by the shape of its leaves, the cha- 
racter of its resin, and its resinous-glandular seeds ; at Quitibe between 
Bumbo and Maiombo, not seen in fl.; fr. beginning of June 1860. 
Native name “ M-tuate,”’ ‘ Unteate,” ‘ Umteate,’ or “ Mutuate.” 
Coutu. Carp. 93, 500 and 501. A large tree from Bumbo, Gambos, 
and Humba. Called ‘ Umfatido”; fr. given by Secr. Mendonga July 
1859. Cou. Carp. 502. Of. Coun. Carp. 13. 


77. CYNOMETRA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 586. 


1. C. laxiflora Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. p. 318 (1865) ;. 
Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. p. 300 (1866) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 
p. 318; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 164 (1884). 

Baphia? (sp.), Welw. Synopse, p. 12, under n. 23. 

A handsome tree, 25 to 40 ft. high; trunk very straight, 1 to. 
22 ft. diam. at the base ; wood whitish towards the circumference 
of the stem, of a more or less blood-red colour in the centre, very 
strong, of fine grain, heavy, durable, very useful, taking an excel- 
lent polish; the older the trunk the broader and redder are the 
veins in the centre; branches more or less fastigiate ; branchlets 
almost nodding. Flowers of a whitish-rose colour, almost Poly- 
galaceous and suggesting Securtdaca ; bracts rose-coloured when 
young, milk-white in the adult state. In moderate frequency 
along the borders of the mountains of Alto Queta in the district 
of Golungo Alto and of Muxaiulo in the district of Cazengo, never- 
theless also occurring on the elevated plains of Ambaca and of 
Pungo Andongo. Some Portuguese colonists call this tree ‘ Tacula 
falsa.” (See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 11, n. 23.) 

GoLtunco ALTo.—Amongst the elevated mountains of Serra de Alto 
Queta, forming dense woods in Mata de Mangas ; fl. beginning of Nov. 
1855. Native name “ Hila” ; called also “ Pao Tacula” and “ Qui- 
bilibili,” but it is not the Tacula of the Portuguese. No. 561. In the 
elevated woods of Cungulungulo or Montalegro ; fl. Feb. and April 


304 XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. | Cynometra 


1855, without fl. Feb. 1856. Called by the natives “ Hila” or 
‘“ Calalanza.” No. 5610. 


Var. nitidula Welw. ex Oliv., dc. 


ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—An elegant tree, forming little forests ; leaves 
much more compact and shining and with a more obtuse acumen, 
renewed each year in Oct. or Nov. ; far advanced in fr., on elevated 
ground before and behind Quicanda, Sept. 1857. No. 562. 

Fungus n. 164 grew on the leaves of this species, on which also grew 
lichen n. 193. 


The following No. perhaps belongs to this species :— 


ZENZA DO GOoLUNGO.—Branches with leaves of a tree from which 


gum copal was reported to Welwitsch to trickle ; Calumguembo, Sept. 
1857. No. 563. 
Cf. Welw. Synopse, p. 36, n. 96. 


78. BURKEA Hook.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 587. 


1. B. africana Hook. Ic. Plant. tt. 593-4 (1843) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, ii. p. 320; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 164 (1884). 

HvuiLia.—A small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high, with a lax broad crown. In 
sandy forests of species of Proteacer, Hugenia, etc., in Mata de 
Monino ; sparingly in fl. Nov. 1859, in young fr. Dec. 1859, with a very 
few ripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 589. 


Var. cordata, Welw. ex Oliv., .c. 


Hoitia.—A_ small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high, with a broad rather 
depressed crown. In woods between Lopollo and Monino, in young 
fr. Dec. 1859. No. 589d. A little shrub, a foot high, with czespitose 
stems, or apparently the up-growth of a tree mutilated by fire. In the 
sandy forests of Monino where occasionally it occupies extensive 
tracts ; without fl. or fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 590. 


Var. ? andongensis Oliv., /.c. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, with a lax more or less 
umbrageous crown. Native name ‘“Cabilangdu.” Frequently con- 
fused with “ Gungolume” (No. 573; ef. Gleditsia africana Welw.). In 


the primitive woods about Pedras de Guinga ; in young fr. Jan. 1857. 
(At Luxillo, a specimen of the wood.) No. 574. Cf. No. 574 bis. 


3. SUB-ORDER MIMOSEA. 


79. PENTACLETHRA Benth.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i, p. 588. 


1. P. macrophylla Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 330 (1842) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 322; Benth. in Trans, Linn, Soc; xxx 
p. 360 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 171 (1884). 

PRINCE’S IsLAND.—A tree 100 to 120 ft. high; native name 
‘“Sicupira,” “ Sucopira” or “ Sucupira.”” In the primitive woods, at an 
elevation of 1500 ft. ; the foliage and ripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1783. 
Pico de Papagaio ; seed Sept. 1853. Coiu. Carp. 529. On this tree 
grew the lichen n. 118. 

IsLAND OF St, THomas.—In the primitive forests of Monte Caffé, at 
an elevation of 1800 to 2000 ft. ; native name ‘“ Sicupira” ; without fl, 
or fr. Dec. 1860. No. 1786. Com. Carp. 530. 

Cf. B. A. Gomes in Jorn. Science. Lisbon, iv., p. 157 (1873). 


Parkia| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 305 


80. PARKIA Br.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 588. 


1. P. intermedia Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 324; Benth. in Trans. - 
Linn, Soc. xxx. p. 361 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 172 (1884). 


ISLAND or St. THomas.—A tree about 30 ft. high, with very elegant 
crown. In mountainous situations, at the skirts of the forests of 
Monte Caffé, not common ; fr. and with remains of fl. end of Dee. 
1860. Native name “Luba” or “Luva.” No, 1788. <A tree about 
25 ft. high or more, with broad spreading crown ; leaves like those of 
a Mimosa; flowers rose-coloured, very densely clustered about a fleshy 
globose receptacle cylindrical at the base. In primitive forests ; fr. 
end of Dec. 1860. Cou. Carp. 503. 


2. P. filicoidea Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. il. p. 324; Benth., 
d.c., p. 361 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 172 (1884). 

Parkia (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 576 (1859). 

PunGco ANDONGO.—A large handsome tree ; trunk straight, 3 to 4 ft. 
in diam., 30 to 40 ft. high or more; crown dilated, at the time 
of flowering leafless or sparingly leafy with fresh leaves; branches 
patent ; leaflets hard-coriaceous, in shape like those of an Adiantum ; 
flowers red, densely packed with interposed bracteoles on claviform long- 
pedunculate pendulous receptacles ; the odour of the opening flowers 
vinous-empyreumatic and penetrating a long distance. Legumes 1 to 
13 ft. long ; seeds not seen, being eaten by monkeys. Sporadic, in the 
primitive forest of Mata de Pungo ; in foliage Jan., fl. Feb. and April. 
No. 1787. Old fr. end of May 1857. Cou. Carp. 504. 

Cf. Schweinfurth, Heart of Africa, vol. 1. pp. 221, 267, 444, vol. ii. 
p. 339 ; and P. Hennings in Engl. Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, B. p. 191 (1895). 


81. GIGALOBIUM P. Browne, Hist. Jam. p. 362(1756). Hntada 
Adans. Fam. Pl.ii. p.318(1763); Benth. & Hook. f.Gen. Pl. i. p. 589. 

1. G. scandens. 

Entada Gigalobtum DC. Prodr. i. p. 424 (1825). Mimosa 
scandens L. Sp. Pl. edit. 2, p. 1501 (1763). 4. scandens Benth. in 
Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 332 (1842), and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 
p. 863 (1875); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 325; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 172 (1884). Hntada (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 576 under n. 176. 
Pusetha scandens O, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 204 (1891). 

GoLunGco A.LtTo.—A robust shrub, climbing high and widely ; trunk 
9 in. in diam. at the base ; branches slender ; leaflets glaucous-green ; 
flowers from white-yellowish to yellow-ochre ; fibre textile, suitable 
for ropes; pods gigantic, about 24 ft. long when nearly ripe, and 
reaching 3 to 4 ft. long when fully grown, by far the largest of all 
legumes, spirally twisted, coriaceous, jointed ; joints 1-seeded. In the 
primitive forests of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ; 
fl. and young fr. Jan. 1856 ; and again in the Eastern Queta, fl. middle 
of July 1856. Native name “Fase” or “Frgi,” hence “ Quifuge.” 
A native of Cabinda called it “Entada.” No. 1779. At Trombeta; 
seed July 1857. Coun. Carp. 505. 

The large flat seed of this plant is a common fetish or charm to hang 
from the neck (see Monteiro, Angola, vol. i. p. 249, 1875). 


2. G. abyssinicum. 
Entada abyssinica Steud. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. sect. i. n. 520 ; 
A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 234 (1847); Oliv., .c., p. 327; Benth. in 


20 


306 XLIV, LEGUMINOS&. [ Gigalobium 


Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 364; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 173 (1884). 
Puseetha abyssinica O. Kuntze, Lc. 


GoLuNGo ALTO.—A tree of 15 ft.; trunk nearly 1 ft. in diam. at 
the base. In the elevated forests of the mountain Cungulungulo ; 
only two trees seen, fl. end of Nov. 1855 ; young fr. end of Feb. 1856. 
Local name “ Musogo.”” No. 1781. A tree in the primitive forests 
of the mountain Cungulungulo (Montalegre), at the top, 2 Feb. 1855 ; 
seeds scattered on the ground. CoLu. Carp. 521. A small tree of 
8 to 10 ft.; head very widely spread and elegant; pods flattened ; 
layers separating from the replum ; seeds with a fibrous-cartilaginous 
wing-shaped membrane. Bark officinal. Called ‘‘ Mucoso.” In wooded 
thickets near Sange, abundant; fr. August 1856, and June and August 
1857. Coun. Carp. 506. A handsome tree of middle height, with the 
habit of the frondose acacias. In mountainous situations between 
the rivers Zenza and Lombixi; fr, July. Native name ‘ Muss6xi.” 
Cot, Carp. 507. 

Huitia.—A handsome and pretty tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, or some- 
times scarcely 10 ft., broadly leafy ; flowers yellow, scented. Abundant 
in the more open woods between Lopollo and Catumba ; fl. Dec. 1859. 
Called ‘‘Musoso.” No. 1782. A small tree, about 15 ft. high, the 
matrix of several plants of Loranthus (cf. Welw. No. 4890). In Mata de 
Monino in very mixed open woods, in company with species of Protea, 
Eugenia, Combretacee, etc.; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859, fr. April 1860. 
No. 1782b. A widely frondose tree, 25 to 30 ft. high, with spicate- 
racemose yellow flowers. In forests near Lopollo; fr. Dec. 1859. 
Cou. Carp. 508. 


Var. microphylla Oliv., Z.c., p. 328. 


GoLtunGo ALtTo.—A little tree, 8 ft. high. In secondary woods 
with tall bushes, between Sange and Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fl. Febr. 
and March, fr. July and beginning of August 1855. No. 1780. 

This species is probably the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Synopse, 
p. 33, n. 82, as a species of Acacia, and described as a small tree and 
very frequent in stony situations in Golungo Alto; the bark is called 
‘“‘Casca de Musoso,” and is employed by the negro doctors as a decoc- 
tion in cases of pains in the chest and especially in chronic coughs. 


82. PIPTADENIA Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 589. 


1. P. africana Hook. f. ex Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 330 
(1849); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 328; Benth. in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xxx. p. 370 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 173 (1884). 


GoLuNnGo ALTo.—A tree 20 to 35 ft. high (in secondary woods 
15 to 25 ft. high), patently and sparingly branched ; branches elongated ; 
wood excellent ; glands of the petiole 0 ; pedicels as long as the calyx ; 
flowers glabrous, arranged in paniculate crowded spikes of about 3 in. 
in length, yellowish-green ; calyx cupola-shaped, repand-dentate at 
the mouth with 5 distinct teeth ; anther-gland large, sub-quadrate, | 
fugacious ; ovary substipitate, glabrous ; ovules about 10 to 15 ; legume 
3 to 1 ft. long, an inch broad, compressed, bivalved ; valves cohering 
by one edge after the fall of the seeds ; seeds surrounded by a broad 
membranous wing. Frequent in mountainous forests throughout the 
district, especially between Sange and Undelle, etc.; fr. June 1855, 
fl. Jan. 1856 ; near Bango Aquitamba, Jan. 1855 ; Fundo de Undelle at 
the end of May 1856. Native name ‘“ Péo Musence” or “‘ Muzungo ”’ 
or “ Muneunza.” No. 1774, In the dense primitive forests of the 


Piptadenia]| XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. 307 


mountain Cungulungulo ; branches of a small tree without either fl.or fr., 
at the foot of a gigantic specimen of Tetraplewra Thonningii Benth., 
Feb. 1855. Native name “ Musenze.” No. 1775. A small young tree, 
4 ft. high ; in dense or open mountainous forests, near the cataract of 
the river of Capopa and along the roadside near Undelle, never seen in 
fl. or fr. Dec. 1854, Jan. 1855 and April 1856. Native name “‘ Musenze.”’ 
No.1776. Fr. June 1855. Cou. Carp. 952. 

The following two Nos. may be mentioned here, but can scarcely 
belong to this species :— 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—A little tree, 5 ft. high ; trunk slender; branches 
sparse, patent ; branchlets and rachis of the leaves ferruginous-hairy ; 
leaves 25-30-jugate ; leaflets 45-50-jugate ; gland present on the petiole 
and below every pair of leaflets. Sporadic, along the borders of primi- 
tive forests between Sange and Bango-Aquitamba; without either 
fl. or fr. March 1855. No. 1777. 

BumpBo.—A lofty tree, not uncommonly more than 100 ft. high ; 
2 to 5 ft, in diam., with prominent angles at the base after the fashion 


of Ceiba. In the dense primitive forests of Serra da Xella; without 
either fl. or fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1830. 


83. TETRAPLEURA Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 590. 


1. T. Thonningii Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. p. 345 (1842), 
cum syn. ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 330; Benth. in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xxx. p. 375 (1875). 

T.. tetruptera Taubert in Bot. Centralbl. xlvii. p. 395 (1891). 


Go.Lunco ALTo.—Legumes picked up around the base of a vast tree 
of about 80 ft. in height, dark purple, very hard, 9 in. long, broadly 
4-winged ; wings § to 1 in. broad, equal, somewhat repand at the edge. 
roundedly confluent at the apex, thus making the legume obtuse or 
emarginate, red-brown in the living state. In the elevated primitive 
woods of Cungulungulo, fr. and seeds only, collected in company with 
Piptadenia africana Hook. (Welw. No. 1775) ; Feb. 1855. Native name 
“ Muanza.” No. 1750 and Cotu. Carp. 509. A lofty tree ; trunk in 
old age 5-7-angled near its base; leaflets very thin; legumes a foot 
long, acutely 4-angled. At the top of the mountain Cungulungulo, 
near Montalegre ; fr. Feb. 1855. Couu. Carp. 522. 

IsLAND OF Sr. THomMas.—A middle-sized tree. In the woods of 
Monte Caffé, about the coffee plantations of Senr. Villars ; without 
either fl. or fr. Dec. 1860. Local name “ Cuspira.” No. 1835. 


2. T. andongensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 331; 
Benth., l.c., p. 376. 


Punco ANDONGO.—Habit of an Acacia of the group of Acacia leta 
Br.; leaflets deep-green above, pale beneath. In the more elevated 
forests at the base of Pedras de Guinga; fr. March 1857. No. 618 
and Cou. Carp. 510. 

Cf. specimens from the upper course of the river Ninda, an affluent of 
the Zambesi, collected by Major Serpa Pinto, Nos. 6, 10, in August 1878 ; 
Ficalho & Hiern in Trans. Linn. Soc., Ser. ii. Bot., vol. ii. p. 20 (1881). 


3. T. obtusangula Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 331; 
Benth., l.c., p. 376. 

GoLunco ALTo,—A tree 25 to 30 ft. high, at the time deprived of 
its leaves by the burning of the woods ; legumes 4 in. long, 14 in. broad, 
1 in. thick, obtusely 4-angled, not winged, gradually narrowed towards 


308 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Vetrapleura 


both ends from four-fifths way up. In primitive woods from Bango 
Aquitamba towards Quilombo Quiacatubia ; fr. Oct. 1855. No. 1751 
and Cou. CARP. 511. 


84. DICHROSTACHYS DC. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 592. 
1. D. nutans Benth. in Hook: Journ. Bot. iv. p. 353 (1842); 
Welw. Apont. p. 575, sub n. 176; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 333; 
Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 382 (1875). 
Dichrostachis (sp.), Welw. Apont. p. 589, n. 66. 


Ampriz.—A shrub, 5 ft. high; leaves 4-5-jugate; leaflets 17-19-jugate. 
Sporadic, at the rocky skirts of forests in the region of Mossul, between 
Libongo and Ambriz, not far from the ocean, above the mouth of the 
river Onco ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 1795. 

Loanpa, BaRRA DO BENGO, and IcoLO E BENGO.—Sometimes a small 
tree of 10 to 15 ft., at other times a distorted shrub of 3 to 6 ft.; bark 
snow-white ; branches tortuous, spiny, divaricate ; flowers very elegant. 
of an orange-rose colour, nodding. Common, in dry hilly places and 
in groves of Adansonia, etc., occasionally forming dense thickets, around 
Loanda, Cacuaco, Quicuxe, Boa Vista, Imbondeiro dos Lobos, Foto, 
Quifandongo, etc.; fl. Dec. 1853 and July 1854, fr. Oct. 1853, 10 August 
1854, Sept, 1857, and Sept. 1860. No. 1796 and Cott. Carp. 512, 513. 
To this may perhaps belong a specimen cultivated at Lisbon in July 
1863 from Angolan seeds. No. 1796. 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree, 25 ft. high, with divaricate branches and 
dilated crown ; pinnee 7-11-jugate ; leaflets 14-17-jugate. In the less 
densely wooded places, near Candumba, at the banks of the river 
Cuanza ; fl..and young fr. March 1857. No. 1799. 

Bumso.—A much-branched small tree, about 8 ft. high; pinne 
5-7-jugate ; leaflets 18-24-jugate; interjugal glands long-stalked. 
Sporadic, in thickets near Bumbo, at the foot of the mountains of 
‘Serra da Xella ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 1798. 


Var. setulosa Welw. ex Oliv., l.c. 

Huiitia.—A divaricately branched arborescent shrub ; pinnez 10-13- 
jugate ; leaflets about 20-jugate, pilose and ciliate, with a setulose tip. 
Sporadic, in hilly shrubby places, near Lopollo, at the foot of Morro 
de Lopollo ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 1800. 


Compare with this species the following, without either flower 
or fruit :— 
ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—Calumguembo, Sept. 1854. No. 4155. 


2. D. platycarpa Welw. Apont. p. 576, sub n. 176 (1859) ; 
W. Bull, Retail List, 1866, p. 4; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 333; 
Benth , l.c., p. 382. 

GoLuNnco ALTo.—A slender elegant tree, 10 to 15 ft. high or more, 
with rambling tortuous elongated spreading branches ; pinnee of the 
leaves 16-18-jugate ; leaflets about 22-jugate ; flower-spikes much 
shorter than the leaves. Not uncommon, in mixed woods along the 
river Delamboa, near Sange ; fl. Dec. 1855 and Jan. 1856, fr. Oct. and 
Nov. 1854-5. No. 1797. Branches with fully developed leaves, but 
without either fl. or fr. April 1855, Delamboa. No. 1797). Pods 
flattened, spirally curved. In mountainous wooded places behind Senr, 
Perreira’s house near Canguerasange ; fr. Nov. 1854. Cou. Carp. 514. 
A straight tree of 8 to 10, rarely 15 ft., Delamboa, fr. Couu. Carp. 515. 
In open woods; fr. 1857. Cox. Carp. 516. 


Dichrostachys| XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. 309 


The flowers are produced in pendulous spikes about 13 in. long, the 
lower half of which is bright yellow, the other half rose-coloured ; the 
foliage is of a glaucous green, and the leaves are bi-pinnate, 14 and 
more jugate ; the leaflets from 26 to 30 pairs ; the legume is nearly 
an inch broad, and peculiarly twisted (W. Bull, /.c.). The species 
frequently constitutes extensive forests of small height but of singular 
elegance, mixed with various species of Acacia and Albizzia ; some- 
times it gives a variety of colour to the forests composed of Ster-. 
culiacee, Ficus, and Celtidez, with its brighter and more glossy 
foliage, and at other times it constitutes the principal part and gives a 
characteristic feature to the woods. (Welwitsch, lc.) 

The following perhaps belongs to another species of Dichre- 
stachys :— 

GoLuNGo ALTO.—A tree, with slender curved many-seeded brown- 
black pods constricted in a moniliform manner. In the rocky valleys 
amongst the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, in company with 
the yellow-flowered Amomum (Cf. Welw. No. 6456) ; fr. Nov. 1854. 
CoLL. CaRP. 520. 


85. NEPTUNIA Lour. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 592. 


1. N. oleracea Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 654 (1790) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr, u. p. 334; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 383 (1875). 
IcoLO E BENGO.—A decumbent undershrub ; on the slimy bank of 


the nearly dry lake called Lagoa de Funda, near Funda. Probably 
this species. No. 1778. 


86. ACUAN Medik. Theodor. p. 62 (1786). Desmanthus Willd. 
ex parte (1805); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 592. 


1, A. virgatum Medik. Theodor. p. 62 (1786). 

Desmanthus virgatus Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 1047 (1805) ; Schmidt, 
Beitr. Fl. Cap. Virid. p. 341 (1852) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 334 ; 
Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 385 (1875). Acuania virgata 
O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 158 (1891). 

Ampriz.—A virgate and sensitive undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, with 
rather small whitish and fugacious flowers. Sporadic, by the lake 
near Banza de Ambriz, amidst masses of Amaranthus ; fl. and fr. end 
of Nov. 1853. No. 1784. 

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.—Frequent in damp thickets behind Villa 


da Praia, nearly always in the neighbourhood of gardens and cultivated 
spots ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 1785. 


87. MIMOSA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 593. 


1. M. pigra L. Cent. Pl. i. p. 13 (1755), Am. Ac. iv. p. 274 (1759). 

M. asperata L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, vol. ii. p. 1312 (1759) ; Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 335; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 437 
(1875), cum syn. 

Ampriz.—A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, patently branched, beset with 
very sharp prickles, constituting very dense thickets penetrable only 
by lions ; flowers rose-coloured. Common along the banks of the 
river Quizembo ; in fl. and young fr. Nov. 1853. No. 1790. 

Lisonco.—A much-branched diffuse shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, with 
heads of rose-coloured or whitish flowers. Common in damp spots 
at the banks of the river Lifune ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 1791. 


310 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Mimosa 


Barra DO BeNGo.—In moist pastures forming very dense thickets 
by the river Bengo near Panda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 1792. 

CazENGO.—A much-branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, in a cespitose 
manner occupying vast tracts. In bushy places at the banks of the 
stream or small river Moambege, near Dalatanda; fl. and fr. June 
1855. No. 1793. 

AmpBaca.—A patently branched shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high, with elongated- 
virgate almost sarmentose branches. Common along the stream Pamba, 
near Engombe ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 17930. 

Punco ANpoNGO.—A shrub of 3 to 5 ft., with ascending subnatant 
stems, or with the lower stems submerged; flowers whitish-rose-coloured. 
Common by marshes and in stagnant pools in company with a species 
of Polygonum, along the banks of the river Cuanza, from Sansamanda 
to Condo and Umbilla; in flower-bud Dec. 1856. No. 1794. An 
aquatic shrub, branched from the base, with rose-coloured flowers. 
Common near marshes near Quibanga and at the river Cuanza; fl. and 
fr. Jan. and March 1857. No. 17940. 


88. LEUCZENA Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i, p. 594. 


1. L. glauca Benth. in Hook. Bot. iv. p. 416 (1842); Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 337 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xxx. p. 443 (1875). 


Benco.—A small tree, 7 ft. high, with whitish capitate flowers. 
The specimen mutilated by insects. Apparently an escape from a 
garden. On the right bank of the river Bengo, near the convent of 
S. Antonio; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 1836. 


89. ACACIA Willd. : Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 594. 


1. A. albida Del. Fl. Egypte, p. 286, t. 52, f. 3 (1812); Oliv. Fl. 
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 339 ; Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. p. 515 (1875) ; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 173 (1884). 

Prosopis ? Kirkii Oliv., l.¢., p. 332. . 

MossaMepES.—A handsome spiny tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, evergreen 
in damp situations, rather frondose with a dilated crown; wood 
excellent for various building and domestic purposes ; branches even 
the thicker ones whitish ; flowers pale-yellow, in long spikes. Common 
in thickets along the banks of the river Bero, at the distance of one 
and more frequent at the distance of two or three leagues from the 
coast ; near Cavalheiros, in fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1824. 


2. A. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 341; Benth., Lc., 
p. 517; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 175 (1884). 

Ampriz.—A small tree of 10 ft. in height, with quite patent long 
rambling branches and glaucous-green foliage. In comparatively open 
small woods, near Quibanza ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 1804. 

Icoto & Benco.—At the banks of the river Zenza, i.e. Bengo, near 
Prata ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 1805. 

LoANDA and Barra Do BeNnGo.—A tree from 12 to 20 ft. high, with 
a lax but very broad crown, and quite patent divaricate-tortuous 
branches ; flowers at first whitish, soon turning to pale-yellow. In 
thickets and small woods between Mutollo and Cacuaco, also near 
Quicuxe ; fr. Oct. 1857, fl. June 1858. Native name “ Mubanga”’ or 
‘““Mubango.” No. 1806. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high; trunk slender, 
usually nodose, straight ; branches quite patent, long, chiefly towards 


Acacia] XLIV. EEGUMINOSE. 311 


the extremity leafy. Frequent at the banks of the river Calucala, 
and near Tanderaxique; fr. Sept. 1857. Native name “ Mubanga.”’ 
No. 1805. A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, with a very spreading crown ; 
branches spiny ; flowers racemose-paniculate, turning yellow. At the 
banks of the river Calucala ; fr. Sept. 1857. Cox. Carp. 526. 


3. A. Senegal Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 1077 (1805) ; Benth., Z.c., p.516. 
A, Verek Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 245, t. 56 (1833) ; Oliv. FI. 
Trop. Afr. ii. p. 342. 


MossaMEDEs.—A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high or more, with a lax crown ; 
fresh leaves not fully developed at the time of flowering ; flowers 
whitish or yellowish, spicate, precocious ; calyx and corolla lepidote- 
silky ; rachis of the spikes dilated (perhaps in consequence of insect- 
work). At the banks of the river Maiombo, near Pedra da Sola; fl. 
Oct. 1859. No. 1825. 

This determination is very doubtful ; Oliver, /.c., treats the plant as 
an ally to the above-mentioned species. 


4, A. erubescens Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 343; 
Benth., U.c., p. 518. 


Bumso.—A small, much-branched tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, copiously 
producing excellent gum arabic ; branches patent, elongated ; branch- 
lets flexuous ; flowers of a whitish-rose colour when fresh, at length 
turning pale-yellow in the course of drying. In the high rocky 
thickets of primitive forests between Bumbo and Bruco, at the base of 
the mountains of Serra da Xella ; fl. and sparingly in foliage Oct. 1859. 
No. 1826. . 

Compare Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 49 n. 132. 


5. A. macrostachya Reichenb. ex Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 
Bot. i. p. 511 (1842); Oliv., ic. p. 343; Benth., dc. p. 520. 


Hui._uia.—A robust shrub, or perhaps the upgrowth of a mutilated 
tree ; petiolar and interjugal glands thick, dark-purple ; flowers 
spicate, subsessile, turning yellow; calyx campanulate, deeply 5- 
toothed, with denticulate teeth green in the living state; corolla 
5-cleft ; petals united at the base up to the top of the calyx; stamens (0, 
free to the base ; ovary shortly ellipsoidal or ovoid, pilose, stipitate ; 
stipes glabrous equalling or longer than the ovary ; style elongated ; 
stigma rather truncate. Sparingly in tall thickets between Lopollo and 
Jiu ; fl. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 1821. 

Considered by Oliver, l.c., p. 344 to belong to the above-cited 
species, the type of which occurs in Upper Guinea ; he notices however 
certain differences. 


6. A. caffra Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 1078 (1805) ; Oliv., Z.c., p. 345 ; 
Benth., /.c., p. 520. 


LoanpA.—A much-branched and very frondose tree of moderate 
size ; branches spiny ; flowers spicate-paniculate. On dry slopes near 
Quicuxe ; seeds May 1854. Cou. Carp. 101 partly. 

MossaAMEDES.—A tree of moderate size, loosely branched. In 
gravelly places along the banks of the river Maiombo, which was dry at 
the time of gathering ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1823. 

Bumso.—A small tree, 8 to 15 ft. high (in primitive forests a tree) ; 
branches subscandent. In shrubby places near Bumbo at the base of, 
the mountains of Serra da Xella ; not uncommon but at the time very 
rarely flowering ; flowers pale-yellow ; Oct. 1859. No. 1822. A tal] 


312 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. | Acacia 


tree, with excellent wood ; fr. 16 Oct. 1859 and June 1860. Co tt. 
Carp. 101 partly. " 

According to Welwitsch the colonial name ‘ Espinheiro preto”’ pro- 
bably belongs to this species. 


7 A. pennata Willd. Sp. Pl.iv. p. 1090 (1805) ; Oliv., Z.c., p. 345 ; 
Benth., é.¢., p. 530. 


Houitia.—A shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, with several stems and numerous 
patent branches, erect ; leaflets thinly serrulate ; flowers snow-white. 
Very common in comparatively dry bushy hilly places around Lopollo 
and between Mumpulla and Nene; fl. from Oct. to Dec. 1859, with 
ripe fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1820. A shrub, 5 to 8 ft. high, much branched, 
spiny ; stems numerous ; flowers congregated in globose heads, white. 
In thickets ; seeds, Oct. 1859. Conti. Carp. 65. <A small tree of 6 to 
8 ft., perhaps a young tree, with whitish flowers. Serra da Xella, near 
Chao de Xella ; fr.19 Oct. 1859. Called“ Muanu.”’ Conn. Carp. 528. 


The following variety, defined by Professor Oliver, was regarded 
by him as not improbably a distinct species :— 

Var. dolichosperma Oliv., /.c. ; Ficalho, Fl. Uteis, p. 175 (1884). 

Acacia pentaptera Welw. Apont. p. 584, n. 8 (1859). 


GoLuNGoO AtTo.—A much-branched sarmentose subscandent shrub, 
with whitish flowers. In very dense thickets near Ponte de Felix 
Simoes ; fl. and ripe fr. Nov. 1854. No. 1810. A shrub, 10 to 12 ft. 
high, very spiny, widely spreading in thickets ; branches almost scan- 
dent ; flowers paniculate, whitish. Near Ponte de Felix Simoes ; fr. 
17 Oct. 1854. Coxi. Carp. 519. An arborescent shrub, one of the 
mightiest of the climbing plants of the primitive forests of this district, 
about 50 ft. long ; stem 3 in. thick, pentagonal; flowers yellow. In 
the primitive forest of Mata de Quibanga, near Sange ; in flower-bud 
in Dec. 1854, fl. Jan. 1855, young fr. April 1855. No. 1811. 

Punco ANDONGO.—An arborescent shrub, decumbent far and widely 
over the rocks of Cambondo, etc., frequent ; flowers whitish, copious ; 
near the road to Luxillo; fl. and ripe fr. Jan. 1857. Native name 
“Cazembe.” No. 1809. Trunk whitish, acutely pentagonal ; flowers 
white, very numerous, decking the rocks on which the shrub climbs ; 
Catete and Mata de Pungo; seeds Jan.and April 1857. Cou. Carp. 159. 

This variety may prove to be a distinct species. 


8. A. farnesiana Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 1083 (1805) ; Schmidt, 
Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins. p. 342, n. 434 (1852) ; Oliv., Lc. p. 346 ; 
Benth., l.c., p. 502; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 176 (1884). 

Vachellia farnesiana Wight & Arn. Prodr. p. 272 (1834) ; Welw. 
Apont. p. 575, sub n. 176. 


LOANDA.—A small tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, with lax branches. At the 
skirts of the forest on the slopes of Mutullo above Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. 
April 1858. No. 1807. 

GOLUNGO ALTO.—A small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high; flowers very fragrant. 
Used by negroes for the preparation of a black dye. Spontaneous and 
perhaps indigenous, possibly introduced a long time ago ; by thickets 
near Bango-Aquitamba and other Negro villages; fl. Oct. 1855. 
No. 1813. Legume, pod 3 in. long by 3 broad, Jan. and March 1855. 
Cou. Carp, 517. 

CAPE DE VERDE IsLANpDs.—Subspontaneous in thickets about Villa 
da Praia, in St. Jago; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 1812. 


Acacia | XLIV. LEGUMINOS#. BAls: 


The following No., represented by a fragmentary and quite 
incomplete specimen, should be compared with this species :— 


Prince’s Istanp.—A little shrub, 2 ft. high, with a spiny stem ; 
without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1853, No. 1834. 


9. A. Sieberiana DC. Prodr. ii. p. 463 (1825) ; Oliv,, L.c., p. 347 ; 
Benth., l.c., p. 503 ; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 176 (1884) ; nec Scheele 
nec Tausch. 

Ampriz.—A tree, about 20 to 25 ft. high, with a very beautiful 
dilated crown ; spines 2 to 3 in. long, very hard and acute, the older 
ones quite white ; flowers yellowish ; heads the size of a pea. In the 
rather dry thickets on hilly ground covered with a thin coarsely-sandy 
soil, in company with various Capparidez ; between Ambriz and 
Mubanga ; with fl. and fr. on the same tree, Nov. 1853. No. 1801. 
Spines white, very long ; seeds, Nov. 1853. Con. Carp. 518. 

CazENGo.—A tree, 20 ft. high, with irregular rambling divaricate 
branches ; spines and bark whitish. Sporadic, in elevated wooded 
places, from Serra de Muxaula in the direction of Cacula, with nearly 
ripe fr. June 1855. No. 1817. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, with a depressed-dilated 
crown; wood whitish, rather hard; flowers whitish. Frequent through- 
out the district, from the fortress of Pungo Andongo as far as Quisonde ; 
fl. Dec. 1856, in young fr. April 1857. Native name “Mussongue” or 
‘““Mussonde.” No. 1815. 


The two following Nos. may belong to the same species :— 


Punco ANDONGO.—Shrubby, 2 to 3 ft. high ; branches elongated, very 
patent, sometimes even decumbent, with white spines. Perhaps a 
young sterile subglabrous state of the last. Native name ‘‘ Mussongue.”’ 
Frequent in all the thickets about the fortress as far as Luxillo ; 
without either fl. or fr. May 1857. No. 1816. 

Hvuiitta.—A small tree, 6 to 7 ft. high. In the rather dry dense 
rocky woods, at an elevation of about 4000 ft., on the summit of the 
mountains of Serra da Xella, 7.e., Cume da Xella; with foliage, but 
without either fl. or fr. Oct. 1859 ; in company with Tarchonanthus (or 
a plant of this general appearance ; cf. Herb. No. 6745). No. 1828. 


The three following Nos. must be compared witli this species :— 


Ampaca.—A small shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with several stems, 
apparently the upgrowth from the rootstock of a burnt tree. In little 
woods composed of Cussonia angolensis Hiern, between Isange and 
N-gombe ; without either fl. or fr. Oct. 1856. No. 1802. 

Gotunco Atro.—In bushy forests among the mountains of Serra 
de Alto Queta, on rather barren slopes scattered with flint stones. 
Spiny branches without either foliage fl. or fr. July 1855. No. 18083. 
Flowers yellow ? ; near Undella, fr. Cou. Carp. 523. 

MossaMEDES.—A young bush, 5 to 6 ft. high, already much branched 
from the base ; lateral branches 3 ft. long. In sandy thickets at Boca 
do Bero ; without either fl. or fr. July 1859. No. 1831. 


10. A. reficiens Wawra in Wawra & Peyr. Sert. Benguel. in 
Sitz. Ber. Wien, xxxviii. p. 555 (1859) ; Oliv., dc., p. 348; Benth., 
l.c., p. 505 (1875). 

MossaMEDES.—A robust but low shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, with 
numerous divaricate branches from the base ; bark whitish ; spines two 
together, recurved, dangerous to travellers ; leaves glaucous-green. In 
sandy-rocky places along the base of the mountains of Serra de Montes 


314 XLIV. LEGUMINOSA. | Acacia 


Negros ; fr.10 and 13 August 1859. Called by the colonists ‘“ Unha de 
Gato” (cat’s claw). No. 1818. 


11. A. robusta Burch. Trav. Int. 8. Afr. ii. p. 442 (1824) ; Oliv., 
l.c., p. 349 ; Benth., f.c., p. 510. 


Huiiia.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with a much-branched dilated 
crown, and usually laden with brilliant species of Loranthus (cf. Welw. 
No. 4893). Flowers yellow, much crowded, odorous. Not infrequent 
in mixed woods, in company with species of Protea, Parinari, Eugenia, 
Combretacez, etc., between Lopollo and Monino; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 1833. 


12. A. etbaica Schweinf. in Linnea, xxxv. p. 330, tt. 7, 8 (1868) ; 
Oliv., Z.c., p.349; Benth.,/.c.,p.510; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 176 (1884). 


BENGUELLA.—A tree, 12 to 20 ft. high, much branched from the 
base; branches elongated-tortuous, very patent; flowers in heads, 
yellow. It was reported to Welwitsch that excellent gum-arabic is 
produced by this tree. Frequent in bushy places around the city of 
Benguella, towards the east and near the then dry river Cacuaco ; in 
late fl. and in fr. end of June 1859. No. 1819. 


13. A. tristis Welw. ex Oliv., l.c., p. 349; Benth., Jc, p. 510. 


Huiiia.—A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, wholly of a gloomy grey colour. 
In rather dry hilly spots between Lopollo and a place called Ferrao 
da Sola; fr. Jan. 1860. Spines short. No. 1829. A tree, 8 to 12 ft. 
high ; branches rambling, elongated; flowers yellowish. On the 
highest ridge of the mountains of Serra da Xella, near Mumpulla ; 
a single branchlet in fl. Oct. 1859, in company with Tarchonanthus. 
No. 18382. 


14. A. arabica Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p. 1085 (1805); Oliv., Zc., 
p. 350; Benth., /.c., p. 506. 

Bumpo.—A moderate-sized tree of 20 to 25 ft., sometimes a very 
elegant bush of 10 to 15 ft. branched from the base ; flowers pale- 
yellowish. In rocky places at the skirts of woods between Quitive 


de Cima and Bumbo, in company with “ Mutuate” (Copaiba Mopane 
O. Kuntze); fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1827. 


15. A. andongensis Welw. ms. 

Acacia (sp.), Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 353. 

A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high; branches elongated-patent ; crown 
dilated ; branchlets very spiny: legumes oblong-linear, usually 
variously sinuous, flattened, chestnut-purple, afterwards turning 
dark-red. 

Pungo ANDONGO.—On rather damp sandy declivities, also in very 
dry places, along the banks of the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda, 
in company with “ Mucoso” (? Gigalobium abyssinicum) ; in young fr. 
Feb. 1857. No. 1814. 

The material does not suffice for the complete determination of the 
specimen ; Oliver, /.c., regarded it as related to A. caffra Willd. 


90, ALBIZZIA Durazz.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 596. 


1. A. anthelmintica Brongn. in Bull. Soc. Hort. Fr. vii. p. 902 
(1860) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 357 ; Benth, in Trans. Linn. Soe. 
xxx. p. 564 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 177 (1884). 

Feuilleea anthelmintica O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. p. 187 (1891). 


A lbizzia| XLIV. LEGUMINOSE. 315 


Bumpo.—A shrub of 6 to 7 ft., or perhaps a young tree, with virgate 
erect-patent branches and branchlets ; leaves glaucescent, 2-3-jugate ; 
pinne 2-4-jugate; leaflets obliquely obovate-oblong ; rachis somewhat 
pilose ; petiolar and jugal glands conspicuous ; flowers ample, capi- 
tate, whitish or of a pale sulphur colour; calyx and corolla long- 
tubular, glabrescent ; corolla-lobes cucullate at the apex, and there 
glandular ; stamens about an inch long, twice as long as the corolla, 
connate in a tube at the throat of the corolla ; legumes flat, 6 in. long, 
3 in. broad, narrowed at both ends, sinuous-constricted on both edges 
between the seeds, glabrescent. Rather rare, in thickets of primitive 
forests of the mountains of Chao de Xella, at an elevation of 2500 to 
3000 ft. ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1759. 


2. A. latifolia Boivin in Encycel. xix. Siécl. 1. p. 33 (1842). 

A, Lebbek Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iii. p. 87 (1844) ; 
Oliv., l.c., p. 358; Benth., lc., p. 562. 

Feuilleea Lebbek O. Kuntze, /.c., i. p. 188. 


Loanpa.—A young tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, cultivated at Loanda in 
Feb. 1859 (also at Lisbon in 1862) from seeds formerly introduced 
into the garden of Dr. Mendes Alfonso from Zanzibar island. Leaves 
glaucous beneath ; petiolar and jugal glands abundant ; stamens mona- 
delphous, whitish below, yellowish-green above as are also the calyx 
and corolla. No. 1789 (excl. semin. ). 

The seeds associated with this No. perhaps belong to Gileditsia 
africana. 

The following No. perhaps belongs to A. latifolia :— 


Houriia.—A small tree, with pendulous branches and a reddish bark. 
In the forest of Monino; without either fl. or fr. Nov. 1859 and Jan. 1860. 
No. 616. 


3. A. versicolor Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 359 ; Benth., 
d.c., p. 562. 
Feuilleea versicolor O. Kuntze, /.c., p. 189. 


Gotunco ALro.—A handsome tree, 15 to 35 ft. high, with a broad 
crown and patent branches, the lower branches and branchlets hori- 
zontal ; half evergreen, exuding a blood-red gum; leaflets 3-6-jugate ; 
calyx usually 5- sometimes 7-toothed ; teeth subequal ; corolla whitish ; 
anthers yellow ; legumes 14 to 2 in. broad. Not uncommon in the less 
dense (secondary) woods between Sange and the river Luinha, about 
Cambondo, Trombeta, and Muria, and in the woods of Serrado de 
Bumba; fl. Nov. 1855, fr. Sept. and end of Dec. 1854. Roadway 
towards Mussengue ; fr. (called “ Mufufutu’’) June 1856. No. 1760. 
A lofty tree, often quite covered with cherry-red gum ; leaves bipinnate ; 
leaflets broad-elliptical, silky-ferruginous ; legumes very broad. At the 
-cross-roads ; fr. Coun. Carp. 531. | 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.—By thickets near Calumguembo ; fl. Jan. 1855, 
in old fr. Sept. 1854. No. 1761. 

The name “ Mufufutu” is also applied by the natives to A. angolensis 
Welw. (Nos. 1766, 1767). 


4. A. coriaria Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 360; Benth., 
lc. p. 564; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 177 (1884). 

Feuilleea coriaria O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 187. 

GoLUNGO ALTO.—A very elegant tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, with dilated 


but not dense crown: bark gummy, very astringent ; common petiole 
with a large gland vertically seated on it ; leaflets glaucescent beneath ; 


316 XLIV. LEGUMINOS&. | Albizzta 


flowers very prettily purple-red ; calyx greenish-yellow ; corolla pale 
sulphur-yellow ; filaments white half way up from the base, bright 
blood-red towards the apex. Sporadic in the roadway near Mussengue, 
fi. Jan. 1855; in the forests by Zengas do Queta, fr. Nov. 1855 ; frequent 
at the margins of primitive forests on the sides of the mountains of 
Serra de Alto Queta, at Mariano Arimo, fl. 28 March 1856. No. 1762. 
A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with spreading branches; two kinds of 
indumentum on the petioles. In secondary woods between Cambondo 
and Trombeta ; in leaf without fl. June 1855. No. 1764. A tree, 25 ft. 
high ; leaflets glabrous and glaucescent beneath, about 9-jugate; long- 
stalked glands interposed amongst the soft short pilose hairs of the 
common petiole. By the skirts of the primitive forests by the roadside 
of Mussengue ; with young foliage and in fr. Dec. 1855. No. 1764). A 
small tree, 10 ft. high ; trunk 2 in. in diam. In wooded places by the 
stream Quiapoze near Sange ; in leaf without either fl. or fr. Feb. 1855. 
No. 1765. 

CAZENGO.—A small tree 12 ft. high in fl., and mostly 15 to 20 ft. 
high in fr. In the forests at the banks of the river Luinha, June 1855. 
No. 1763. 

The bark of this tree, which the negroes of Golungo Alto call 
‘“Muzuembe” or “ Musuemba,” ‘“ Mozuemba” or ‘ Mozemba,” is 
universally and with great success used for tanning leather. See 
Welw. Synopse, p. 33, n. 81. 


5. A. angolensis Welw. ex Oliv., l.c., p. 360; Benth., l.c., p. 564 ; 
Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 178 (1884). 
Feuilleea angolensis, l.c., p. 187. 


GoLtuNnGo ALTO.—A vast tall tree, 30 to 40 ft. high, with the habit 
of the section Zygia; trunk 1 to 24 ft. diam., straight below, then 
divided into long patent cymosely arranged branches in a fastigiate » 
manner ; leaflets hardly ever more than 13-jugate; flowers very 
crowded, from whitish to yellowish ; the central flower in the head 
male and without the rudiment of an ovary, the remaining flowers 
two or three times as large; calyx greenish, with brownish teeth ; 
corolla sulphur-yellow as are also the stamens which latter however 
towards the apex are bright-green ; anthers very small. Very abund- 
ant in the primitive forests of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queia, 
Cungulungulo, Mussengue, etc. ; fl. from Dec. 1855 to March 1856 ; 
Guengue de Queta, 21 March 1856. No. 1766. In mountainous 
stations along the roadside which leads in the direction of Mussengue ; 
the fr. probably of the above species, June 1856. No. 1766). A tree, 
with the habit of an Acacia. Alt. 2300 ft.; fr. Cox. Carp. 525, A 
tree of 30 to 45 ft., with an ample crown ; bark brownish, rough, very 
gummy. In the woods of Sobato de Bumba, in a narrow valley ; in 
leaf without fl. and with fr. April 1855 (with old foliage in Sept. 1855). 
No. 1767. 

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.— A tree of 35 to 40 ft., with patent branches 
and horizontally spreading branchlets. On wooded declivities near the 
mountains of Mongolo and Muxao, in leaf and fl. (the flowering 
specimens lost by Welwitsch) Sept. 1854. Apparently belonging to 
the same species. No. 1768. 

Called by the natives ‘‘Mufufutu” or ‘“ Mufufuto,” a name which 
they also apply to A. versicolor Welw. (No. 1760). Welwitsch in 
Synopse, p. 9, nn. 10, 11, states that the wood of the tree is white on 


the outside and variegated in the middle, and is well adapted for 
joiners’ work. 


Albizzia| XLIV. LEGUMINOS. 317 


6. A. fastigiata Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 361; Benth., /.c., p. 570. 
Feuilleea Sassa O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 186. 


GoLunco ALTo.—A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, with fastigiate branches 
and dilated umbrella-shaped crown ; flowers whitish. Common in the 
more elevated forests of Serra de Alto Queta ; in young fr. June 1856 : 
Zengas, with fi. and ripe fr. on the same tree, 18 Sept. 1856. No. 1769. 
A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high ; branches dichotomous, fastigiate, the upper 
ones as well as the branchlets sub-horizontal ; crown umbrella-shaped ; 
leaves not uncommonly 8-jugate ; leaflets somewhat pilose also on the 
upper surface ; jugal glands always present between the last 3 to 5 pairs 
of leaflets ; corolla white ; stamens of the central flower of each head 
white, those of the outer flowers green. On wooded mountainous 
declivities, near Canguerasange, at Arimo do Senr. Mariano ; fl. Sept. 
1856, Dec. 1854 and August 1856. No. 1769b. An elegant tree; 
abundant in forests near Sange ; fr. July 1855. Coui. Carp. 527. 


7. A. Brownei Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 362 ; Benth., /.c., p. 569. 
Feutlleea Zygia O. Kuntze, lc., p. 187 (1891). 


GotunGco A.LtTo.—A shrub of 5 to 7 ft., perhaps becoming a tree ; 
leaflets whitish-glaucous. In the denser woods, near the cataract of 
the river Cuango, not far from Sange, with foliage without either fl. or 
fr. beginning of August 1885. No. 1772. A small mutilated shrub, 
5 ft. high, with a little trunk scarcely 13 in. thick and leafless branches 
bearing young fl. ; in the same spot as No. 1772 and perhaps belonging 
to the same species ; Sept. 1856. No. 1772). <A tree 25 ft. high, 
branched in a fastigiate manner. Sporadic, in the primitive forests of 
Mata de Quibanga, near Sange, where Morus excelsa Welw. No. 1559 was 
first seen in flower by Welwitsch ; in leaf without either fl. or fr. Dec. 
1855. Perhaps the same species as Nos. 1772 and 1772b. No. 1773. 

These three determinations are doubtful. 


8. A. Welwitschii Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 562; Benth., J.c., 
p. 569; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 178 (1884). 
Feuilleea Welwitschit O. Kuntze, l.c., p. 189. 


GoLuNnGco ALTO.—A lofty tree, 20 to 30 ft. high or more, usually 40 
to 45 ft. high; branches patent, ascending-fastigiate ; crown truncate- 
dilated at the top; wood durable ; flowers yellow-greenish or from 
whitish to pale straw-coloured ; the central flower of each head (as in 
all the species of the section Zygia) always sterile and different in form 
from the rest. Very abundant in the mountainous forests of the whole 
district, distinguishable from afar by the singular obconical shape of 
the crown ; at Trombeta, Cungulungulo, Bumba, and Sange; fl. Nov. 
1854 and Jan., fr. Oct. 1854 and August 1856 (at Zengas do Queta) ; 
nearly always either in fl. or fr. Native name ‘ Muanze.” No. 1770. 

Punco AnponGo.-—A tree, 20 ft. high ; crown fastigiate, dilated in 
the form of an umbrella ; branchlets and petioles densely puberulous ; 
the extreme leaflets the largest; flowers whitish. Sporadic, in small 
open rocky woods on the north side of the fortress of Pungo Andongo ; 
fi. Dee. 1856.. No..17'71. 

The last No. (1771), of which no flowers were separated for the 
British Museum, seems to approach A. fastigiata Oliv. 

This is apparently the tree referred to by Welwitsch in Synopse, 
p. 14, n. 34 and p. 36, n. 98, under the name of “ Muance,” which 
he describes as a species of Zygia and one of the most abundant 
constituents of the virgin forests of the district of Golungo Alto ; its 


318 XLIV. LEGUMINOS. [ Albizzia 


wood is very light and rather smooth, and presents at times purple or 
rose-coloured veins in the centre of the trunk. The name is also 
applied to Acacia pennata Willd. and Albizzia fastigiata Oliv. 


The following three Nos. apparently belong to Leguminose, 
sub-order Papilionacee ; the first is poorly represented in the 
British Museum set, and the two latter seem to belong to a species 
of a genus allied to Amerimnon :— 

HvILia.—Style glabrous, tumid at the base ; keel blunt. Cf. Shuteria 
(Baker ms. in Herb. Welw.). Peduncles elongated and fasciculate. 
In wooded thickets at Mumpulla ; fl. Oct. 1859. No, 4125. 

Go.tuNGo ALTO.—A young tree of 8 ft. or of 15 to 20 ft. ; branches 
erect-patent, rigid ; branchlets somewhat pendulous ; leaves irregularly 
pinnate, sometimes simple or reduced to the last leaflet, dry-coriaceous, 
very rigid, quite glabrous; leaflets alternate, thick but not fleshy, very 
large, delicately veined, veinlets anastomosing in a rectangular manner, 
spaces between the veinlets more or less square, obscurely pellucid- 
punctate, margins broadly cartilaginous. Sporadic, in primitive forests 
near the spring of Quibdlo in Serra de Alto Queta ; always without 
either fl. or fr. Feb., March, June and August 1856. No. 1887. 

CazeENnGo.—Sent from Caculo by Senr. Candido under the name of 
‘“Mubafo,” but it is not the true Mubafo which is Canariwm edule 
Hook. f. (Welw. No. 4483) ; leafy branch of a tree much damaged by 
insects, July 1855. No. 1887b. 


XLV. ROSACEA. 


The comparative scarcity of this Order in Western Tropical 
Africa, which had been previously commented on, was entirely 
confirmed by Welwitsch’s careful investigations in Angola. The 
plant producing the pigeon plum of A fzelius, called “ Jingimo” or 
“ Jinginvo” by the natives, grows abundantly along the coast, . 
sometimes in the form of a low bush as in Mossul and Ambriz, 
and sometimes it is a small elegant tree as in the islands of Loanda 
and Cazanga ; the fresh leaves abound in an astringent substance ; 
the ripe fruit reaches the size of a small tangerine orange and is 
reddish-purple or black-purple, and also slightly succulent and 
somewhat astringent; there is, however, a yellow variety. A 
rose, probably a variety of Rosa gallica 1., is cultivated in the 
gardens and fields of the colonists in many parts of the province ; 
it does not much enjoy the coast region, but thrives fairly well in 
the hilly region and perfectly in the highlands, especially on the 
confines of Pungo Andongo. Welwitsch recommended the intro- 
duction of the Abyssinian tree, Hagenia abyssinica Gmel., called 
‘“‘Cusso ” or ‘‘ Cabotz,” of which an infusion of the flowers furnishes 
a sure remedy in cases of tape-worm; he also recommended the 
cultivation of the strawberry (morangos) on the banks of the rivers 
Bengo and Dande in the coast region and in moist fields and shady 
places in the hilly and highland regions; and the introduction, 
especially by the rivers Bengo and Dande, of the Brazilian tree 
Lucania floribunda Benth., the fruit of which is much valued for 
dessert and is called ‘‘Guiti” or “ Oiti” by the Brazilians. 


Chrysobalanus | XLY. ROSACEE. 319 


1. CHRYSOBALANUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 606. 


1. C. Icaco L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 513 (1753); Br. in Tuckey, 
Congo, pp. 434, 467, 469, 480 (1818) ; Welw. Apont. pp. 572 under 
Nn. l1d, 585, m,, 19: "Ohy. FI Prop. Atr. i. p. 365°; Wientemro, 
Angola, ii. p. 298 (1875); Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 178 (1884). 

CO. luteus Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. p. 453 (1824) ; 
Welw. Apont. p. 572. 


Ampriz.—A shrub with a Sapotaceous aspect, 2 to 8 ft. high, or in 
stony places lower and cespitose or even dwarf ; in moist seaside places. 
6 to 8 ft. high and erect, much branched and densely leafy. Leaves 
hard-coriaceous, glossy, evergreen, bright-green. Flowers whitish ; 
stamens about 20, filaments patently hirsute. Fruit apple-shaped, the 
size of a small tangerine orange, when ripe rather smooth outside 
greenish- or yellowish-red, eaten by the negroes, acid-sweet, sub- 
astringent, but little juicy. Native names “ Jingimo,” “ N-gimo.” A 
decoction of the leaves and also the freshly expressed juice serve sea 
fishermen for staining their nets brown and at the same time for pre- 
serving them from decay. Frequent in rocky or sandy parts of the 
sea-coast, not rarely in company with Rhizophora, near Ambriz, Qui- 
sembo, Mossul, etc. ; fl. and ripe fr. at Ambriz, Nov. 1853. No. 1291. 
- Loanpa and Barra Do DAnDE.—An evergreen shrub of 3 to 5 ft., 
rarely a small tree of 8 to i0 ft. or more ; flowers white ; fruit red-green 
or yellow. Frequent in bushy sandy places near the city of Loanda, 
especially in the island of Cazanga where it is a small tree of 10 to 
12 ft. with edible, pomiform, purplish or red- to greenish-yellow fruit ; 
fl. and ripe fr. March and Sept. 1858. No. 1290. A shrub, rarely 
arborescent ; at the coast near Loanda; fr. Couu. Carp. 541. 

BENGUELLA.—A shrub of 2 to4 ft. At the sandy sea-coast between 
the city of Benguella and the river Catumbella; with unripe fr. in 
June 1859 ; not introduced as indicated by Wawra and Peyritsch, Sert. 
Benguel. in Sitz. Ber. Wien, xxxviii. p. 552 (1859). No. 1292. 


2. C. ellipticus Soland. ex Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. 
p- 453 (1824); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 366. 

Punco ANDoNGO.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; crown dilated ; branches 
and branchlets erect-patent ; flower-buds whitish. Sporadic, along the 
banks of the river Cuanza between Condo and Quisonde, at a distance of 
300 miles from the ocean ; also near Candumba ; in flower-bud March 


1857. No. 1236. 


2. PARINARI Aubl. Guin. Pl. i. p. 514. tt. 204, 205, 206. 
_ (1775); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 607 (Parinarium). 


1. P. excelsa Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. v. p. 451 (1824). 
(Parinarium excelsum) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 367. 

Griffonia (sp.), Miers in Journ. Linn. Soe. xvii. p. 337 (1879). 
Ferolia excelsa O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 216 (1891). 

Srerra Leone.—A low shrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, with numerous stems 
from a creeping rootstock, quasi-cespitose, very rigid in all parts. In 
the more elevated and rather dry bushy mountainous places, near Free- 
town ; without either fl. or fr. Sept. 1853. No. 1284. A specimen 
from G. Don’s herbarium collected by him near Freetown; ‘the 
country plum of Sierra Leone ; one of the largest trees.” No. 1284). 

With this species must be compared the following No. :— 

Punco ANDONGO.—A tree 20 to 30 ft. high, divaricately branched at 


320 XLV. ROSACEA. | Parinart 


the apex, with a dilated crown ; foliage with somewhat the habit of 
Castanea sativa Mill., but with a poorer and drier aspect. Flowers not 
seen. Fruit of the size of a small hen’s egg, at first very hard, softening 
at last, edible. In elevated rocky places among the mountains of the 
fortified region of Pungo Andongo, at a spot called Pedra de Cazella ; 
with leaves without fl. Dec. 1856 and May 1857. Native name “ Nichia.” 
No. 1287. 


_ 2. P. Mobola Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 368 (Parinarium) ; Hook 
f. Rep. Kew, 1877, p. 35 (1878) ; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 178 (1884). 
Ferolia Mobola O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 216 (1891). 


Punco AnponGo.—A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with rather lax crown, 
divaricate tortuous branches, and edible fruit. In the more elevated 
and open rocky mountainous parts of the fortified region of Pungo 
Andongo, between Cazella and Caghuy, sparingly ; in young fr. Jan. 
1857. No. 1288. 

Huiiuia.—-A very handsome tree, 20 to 40 ft. high, variable in stature 
and height according to the quality of the soil and degree of exposure ; 
trunk 1 to 3 rarely 33 to 4 ft. in diam. at the base, dichotomously and 
tortuously branched at 3 to 5 ft. above the base; crown dilated, 
depressed-hemispherical, 60 to 100 ft. in diam. in the case of trees with 
a trunk of 3 ft. in diam. ; leaves coriaceous, evergreen, very rigid ; 
petiole thick, short, fleshy, articulated with the branchlet ; flowers 
whitish ; fruit edible, very agreeable, vinous-farinaceous, pulpy, as if 
made up of honey and meal, drupaceous, 2-seeded, ferruginous-brown 
outside, furfuraceous-rough, of the size of a hen’s egg more or less, 
elliptic-obovoid or -clavate; seeds loosely wrapped in tawny wool ; 
sarcocarp small in quantity in proportion to the size of the seeds. 
Abundant and forming extensive forests together with species of Protea 
and Myrtacee, throughout the more elevated (5,000 to 5,500 ft.) 
mountainous parts of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; the fruits begin 
to ripen in the middle of October and last nearly to the end of January, 
some trees even supply palatable fruit in February. Native name 
“ Nocha” (Noscha) or “ Noxa.” No. 1282 and Cou. Carp. 1. 

This tree constitutes one of the principal elements of the extensive 
and varied forests of the high plateau of Huilla, being without question 
one of the most handsome and useful trees of all the Huilla district ; 
it rises to the height of 25 to 40 ft. and more, with a diam. of 2 to 33 ft. 
in its trunk at the base, and affects nourishing and sandy soils, especially 
along streams ; its crown is broad and its ramification quasi-horizontal, 
and its foliage is evergreen, dense, and, on account of the deep green 
colour of its leaves above and snow-white beneath, of extraordinary 
effect. The wood of the Noxa is generally employed in Huilla for the 
manufacture of furniture and other domestic utensils, and when pro- 
perly seasoned furnishes good boarding. But what is most advantageous 
in this tree is its fruit, since at the time of its ripening a large propor- 
tion of the native population are sustained almost exclusively on Noxas, 
and so great is the abundance of these fruits in the neighbourhood of 
the provinces of Lopollo and Humpata that the natives offer large 
baskets of them to the European colonists at the price of 25 to 
100 milreis (14d. to 5d.) for a hundred fruits ; the fruits are of the size 
of a small peach, containing the bulky stone wrapped in a farinaceous- 
pulpy mass, sweet and of a very agreeable aroma. (See Welwitsch, 
Synopse, p. 18, n. 43.) 

The Nocha is the most abundant and appreciated wild fruit in the 
whole of the district of Huilla; it is a large trea, evergreen and of 


Parinari| XLV. ROSACE. 321 


magnificent habit, and the small almond-like fruits, which contain the 
stones, are eatable and even very relishing; it does not appear to be 
unwholesome, since both the natives and the white colonists consume 
at the proper season enormous quantities of the Nochas without the 
least disturbance to their health. (See Welwitsch, /.c., p. 52, n. 140.) 


3. P. capensis Harv. in Harv. et Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 597 (1862) 
(Parinarium capense) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 368 ; Ficalho, /.c., 


joan iF 

Ferolia capensis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i. p. 216 (1891). 

Hvuitua.—A dwarf shrub, 2 to 4 in. high, rarely 5 to 12 in. high, 
densely and widely cxspitose, covering extensive tracts of shortly- 
bushy pasture-lands which are annually burnt ; leaves narrow ; flowers 
white ; fruits rare, less commonly eaten than the other species, not 
altogether unpleasant. Frequent in sandy thickets between Mumpulla 
and Humpata ; fl. Oct. 1859. Possibly a diminutive form, or a fresh 
growth from a destroyed trunk of P. Mobola Oliv. No. 1283. 


Var. latifolia (Oliv., ic, p. 369). 


CazENGo.—A shrub, 1 to 24 ft. high ; stems densely czespitose, after 
the fashion of the Portuguese Quercus humilis Lam.; flowers white. 
Abundant on the dry hills on the left bank of the river Caringa near 
Dalatanda ; in early fl. and young fr. June 1855. Native name “ Gihia” 
or rather “Guihia.” No. 1286. Cazengo, very rarely in Golungo Alto ; 
fr. Cou. Carp. 540. 

Ampaca.—A dwarf shrub, 1 to 14 ft. high, growing in a caspitose 
manner, occupying in dense crowds extensive dry hilly tracts, very 
rigid ; flowers pentamerous ; fruit drupaceous, of the size and shape of 
a pigeon’s egg, eaten by the natives. Frequent, on bushy schist-sandy 
hills between Cabinda and Izanga; fl.and young fr. Oct. 1856. No.1285. 

Except that it is a dwarf shrub instead of a tree, it is difficult to 
distinguish the variety from P. curatellefolia (Parinarium curatelle- 
folium Planch. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 333). 


3. ACIOA Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guian. ii. p. 698, t. 280 (1775). 
Dactyladenia Welw. Apont. p. 572 under n. 173. Griffonia Hook. 
f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 608; non Baill. 


1. A. Bellayana Baill. in Adansonia, vii. p. 224 in note (1867). 
Dactyladenia floribunda Welw. Apont. p. 572. Griffonia Bellay- 
ana Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 371. 


GoLuneo ALTo.—A beautiful tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, rarely higher, 
or in secondary woods a little tree of 12 to 15 ft.; trunk at the base 
1 to 14 ft. in diam., straight ; branches patent, slender ; branchlets rather 
nodding, shortly ferruginous-hirsute-tomentose ; bark somewhat warty ; 
crown ovoid-dilated, rather lax; leaves thinly coriaceous, but little 
shining, evergreen or rather at the time of the inflorescence caducous 
but at the same time with fresh leaves arising at the extremities of the 
branchlets ; corymbs of flowers in the axils of the leaves on horizontal 
branchlets, erect, centripetal in flowering ; calyx long-tubular, green ; 
tube gradually attenuated downwards, gibbous at the base on one side, 
turbinate, articulated with the pedicel and there enveloped by 2 opposite 
palmatipartite bracteoles ; all the segments of the involucre terminated 
at the apex by oblong turgid reddish-brown glands; calyx-limb 
5-partite ; petals 5, milk-white, inserted on the throat of the calyx, 
often unequal among themselves, very shortly clawed, concave, imbri- 
cate in estivation, caducous ; stamens perfectly unilateral, in the bud 


21 


322 XLY. ROSACE. [ Actoa 


spirally twisted together with the style, inserted on the throat of the 
calyx, at the dorsal side of the base of the style, represented on the 
other (opposite) side only by a little-elevated disk crenate-dentate at 
the margin ; filaments about 20 to 25, all fertile, more than an inch 
long, connate high up into a semicylinder which includes the style after 
the manner of Leguminose, almost resembling in this respect the flowers 
of Albizzia ; anthers nearly orbicular, emarginate at both ends, dorsi- 
fixed in the middle, 2-celled ; cells reniform green. Between the ovary 
and stamens isa beard of straight hairs ; disk also pilose with depressed 
hairs declinate towards the ovary; style lateral, not basal. Sporadic, 
in the dense primitive forests of Serra de Queta Central (Zengas), very 
rarely in secondary woods: fl. 23 Sept. 1856 and again at the end of 
July 1857; in flower-bud July 1856. No. 1289. In the primitive 
forests of the slopes of the mountains of Queta, very rare ; in young fr. 
end of Nov. 1855. No. 1289. 


4. PYGEUM Gaertn.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 610. 

1. P. africanum Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. vii. p. 191 (1864) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 373. 

Punco ANDONGO,—A lofty tree, 50 to 80 ft. high ; branches rambling ; 
crown dilated upwards ; leaves coriaceous, shining, pellucidly veined, 
glandular at the serratures. The leaves as well as the fruits abound 
in prussic acid, and the kernels are similar in taste to those of bitter 
almonds only richer in substance ; a decoction of the leaves mixed 
with milk furnishes an excellent substitute for almond-milk. Fruits 
obeordate-bilobed, 1-seeded. Sporadic, in the moist sandy forests 
between Luxillo and the fortress of Pungo Andongo; in young fr. 
May 1857. No. 465. 


5. RUBUS L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 616. 

1. R. pinnatus Willd. Sp. PI. ii. p. 1081 (1799) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. 
Afr. ii. p. 374; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 179 (1884). 

R. apetalus Welw. Apont. p. 571; Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. 
Soe. vi. p. 9 (var.) (1861), vii. p. 191 (1864); vix Poir. 

Gotunco ALtTo.—A shrub, highly sarmentose, widely climbing, 
always and constantly apetalous; stems numerous; calyx-segments 
ovate, tomentose, subulate-acuminate at the apex. Carpels obliquely 
ovoid-conical ; style sublateral, cylindrical, truncate at the apex ; recep- 
tacle sub-hemispherical. Not in small quantity (but seen in one station 
only) in the ascent of the mountains of Sobato Quilombo Quiacatubia ; 
in fl. and young fr. Feb. 1855. Native name ‘‘Musuno.” No. 1280. 

An infusion or slight decoction of this plant is employed by the 
negroes as an efficacious gargle in cases of quinsy. I have followed 
Professor Oliver in the determination of this plant; the species is 
united with Rubus rosefolius, Sm. Pl. Ic. Ined, iii. t. 60 (1791), by Sir 
J. D. Hooker in his Flora of British India, vol. ii. p. 341 (1878). 


2. R. huillensis Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 375. 

R. rigidus Oliv., l.c., p. 375, vix Sm. 

A shrub, 3 to 6 ft. high, with numerous long trailing stems ; 
branches elongated, subterete and thinly pubescent below, obtusely 
angular and with whitish-grey felt and small sessile glands towards 
the extremities ; prickles decurved or hooked, from a rather long 
base subulate, of a pale-chestnut colour, thinly pubescent on the 
lower part, glabrous in the upper part, 74, to % in. long; stipules 


Rubus | XLV. ROSACEZ. 323 


linear-subulate, pubescent, 3 to 4 in. long, persistent ; leaves mostly 
trifoliolate, rarely and exceptionally quinquefoliolate, pinnate or the 
upper ones unifoliolate, 33 to 5 in. long ; petiole (below the leaflets) 
ranging up to | in. long or rather more, with whitish-grey felt and 
usually with small prickles; lateral petiolules very short, 3, to, in. ; 
terminal petiolule ranging up to % in. long, with felt and some- 
times prickly; terminal leaflet ovate or sub-oval, rather shortly 
acute or subacuminate at the apex, nearly rounded or subcordate 
at the base, bidentate or irregularly toothed, deep green and sub- 
glabrate on the upper surface, with whitish-grey felt beneath, 
flat, rather thickly membranous, 2} to 3 in. long by 12 to 8 in. 
broad, teeth broadly ovate, apiculate; lateral leaflets rather 
unequal-sided, 17 to 23 in. long by § to 13 in. broad; panicles 
pyramidal-oblong, terminal, prickly, 3 to 6 in. long, somewhat 
leafy in the lower part, bracteate above, clothed with whitish-grey 
felt ; bracts sub-linear or broader in the middle, ranging up to 
= in. long ; pedicels ranging up to 4 in. long, often prickly ; flowers 
numerous, hemispherical, 3 in. diam. ; calyx pubescent, woolly and 
somewhat prickly outside, clothed within with short whitish felt, 
lobes oval, ¢ in. long, glandular outside, tipped with a rather long 
dark thinly pubescent mucro ; petals broadly obovate, rounded at 
the apex, sub-unguiculate at the base, 4 in. long, veiny, of a deep- 
rose colour, upper margin minutely denticulate ; filaments unequal, 
slightly tapering upwards, falling short of the head of pistils ; 
styles somewhat hairy, longer than the rest of the ovary ; head of 
fruiting carpels globose, 3 in. diam. ; fruit black-purple or black- 
reddish, edible but rather dry ; drupels glabrous, scrobiculate when 
dry ; fruiting calyx applied to the base of the fruit. 

HuILLa.—Not uncommon in bushy places along the Lopollo river 
and in Serra de Oiahoia near Humpata, at an elevation of from 4000 
to 6000 ft. ; frequently in company with Cliffortia linearifolia Eckl. & 
Zeyh. ; fl. Oct., fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859 and April 1860. No. 1281. 


6. CLIFFORTIA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 624. 


1 C. linearifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. Pl. Afr. Austr. p. 270, 
n. 1749 (1836); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 379. 


Hvitia.—A shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high, with the habit of Erica arborea L., 
branched from the base; branches inconspicuously and branchlets 
shortly whitish-brown-tomentose ; leaves in alternate fascicles, coria- 
ceous, persistent, digitately 3-1-foliolate, stipulate, shortly petiolate ; 
leaflets linear-needleshaped, rather obtusely pointed, abruptly and 
minutely apiculate, convex on the upper surface, 1-furrowed beneath, 
pale-green, } to 3 in. long ; stipules combined with the petiole into an 
ochrea, extended on both sides of the petiole in an auriculate manner ; 
flowers monoecious or polygamous. Male flowers axillary, solitary, 
small, greenish, shortly pedicelled, bracteolate ; calyx deeply 4-partite, 
herbaceous-green, at length quite patent, caducous, with elliptical 
auriculate concave segments, margins imbricate in the ovoid bud ; 
petals 0 ; stamens 4, exserted, equal, inserted at the base of the calyx- 
segments ; filaments filiform, rather flexuous at the base, flaccid, bright 
red-purple, longer than the calyx; anthers 2-celled, basifixed, large, 
purple-black, widely and laterally dehiscing; ovary rudimentary. 


324 XLV. ROSACEA, [Cliffortia 


Female flowers with a narrower calyx ; ovary superior; style very 
short; stigma large, multifid-lacerated. Frequent along the bushy 
banks of streams near Lopollo and in the more elevated parts of Morro 
de Lopollo, in company with Salix, Faurea, Rumex, and Rubus huil- 
lensis Welw. ; with male and female fi. and young fr. 13 and 14 April 
1860. It flowers from December up to May. A form occurred with 
the ovaries of the female fl. resembling berries being spongy-inflated 
in consequence of the punctures of small insects (Curculio) ; with this 
form must be compared Cliffortia baccans Harv., which may prove to 
be only a state of C. linearifolia. No. 1277. 


XLVI. SAXIFRAGACE. 


1. VAHLIA Thunb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 637. 


1. V. capensis Thunb. Nov. Gen. Pl. P. ii. p. 36 (1782); Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. u. p. 384, n. 3 (1871): 


HuILLta.—General appearance much resembling the yellow-flowered 
narrow-leaved species of Sedum ; root rather thick and oblique or in 
young plants straight and more slender, annual or apparently perennial 
or persisting during 2 to 4 years, but occasionally the plant flowers in 
its first year ; stems several, 3 to 6 in. high, ascending, rather viscid- 
hairy or downy, much branched from the base; branches densely 
crowded, unequal, bearing flowers towards the apex of the approximate 
erect leafy branchlets ; leaves rather fleshy, linear, uni-nerved ; pedicels 
axillary, geminate ; tube of the calyx hairy, half as long as the gla- 
brescent lobes ; petals yellow, as. long as or longer than the calyx-lobes, 
lanceolate, rather acute, tender, fugacious. Very abundant in sandy, 
somewhat rocky secondary thickets, along the edges of forests between 
Lopolloand Monino; fl.and fr. Dec. 1859, 7 Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 2375. 


Var. verbasciflora Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 384 (1871). 
V. verbasciflora Welw. (ex Oliv., l.c.); B. D. Jacks. Ind. Kew. ii. 
p. 1164 (1895), 


MossaMEDES.—An annual or perennial herb, erect or ascending at 
the base, 1 to 14 ft. high, branched, somewhat viscid and more or less 
pubescent ; leaves opposite, linear, fasciculate in the axils; flowers 
sessile or very shortly pedicellate, very large for the genus ; calyx-lobes 
almost twice as long as the woolly or glandular-hairy tube ; petals 
exceeding the calyx, obovate-round, shortly clawed, yellow, dark 
purplish-red inside at the base, on the margin finely crenulate- 
denticulate and not mucronate ; stamens and deep-yellow styles longer 
than the petals. In sandy places along the banks of the river Bero, 
at Mata dos Carpenteiros near Mossamedes ; fl. July 1859. No. 2874. 
Sporadic, in rocky-sandy places at the banks of the river Maiongo, 
between Mossamedes and Pedra del Rei; fl. and fr. June 1860. 
No. 23740. 


XLVII. CRASSULACE. 


1. TILLZA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 657. 

1. T. pentandra Royle, Mlustr. Bot. Himal. p. 222 (1839) (name 
only), and ex Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soe. xx. p. 50 (1846) ; Britten 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 386. 

Crassula pentandra Schonl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 
ul. 2a, p. 37 (1890). 0. tilleoidea Edgew., Le. 


Tillcea | XLVII. CRASSULACEA. 325 


Punco ANpoNGoO.—An annual, erect, succulent, flaccid, branched 
herb, with the habit of Scleranthus, 2 in. high; leaves opposite, 
sheathing-amplexicaul at the base, fleshy, linear-lanceolate, compressed, 
rather obtuse or almost truncate and 1-2-denticulate at the apex, 
sub-denticulate and narrowly cartilaginous-translucent at the margin, 
lepidote-glaucescent, erect-spreading ; flowers small, solitary, axillary, 
very shortly pedunculate, tetramerous or pentamerous ; calyx-segments 
erect, acuminate, succulent, green ; petals whitish, very thinly mem- 
branous, lanceolate, much acuminate, a little shorter than the calyx ; 
stamens shorter than the petals; carpels 4 or 5, mucronulate ; hypo- 
gynous glands obsolete or rarely 4 or 5, very small, capitate, pedunculate. 
Rather rare but in masses in sandy-earthy moist situations, usually 
flooded in the rainy season, by the side of streams near Catete and 
Muxillo; fl. and fr. 24 Dec. 1856. No. 2476. 


2. T. subulata Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 658 in obs. ; 
Britten, l.c., p. 387. 

Thysantha subulata Hook. Ic. t. 590 (1843). 

HvuiLia.—A perennial herb, rather succulent, dwarf, with the habit 
of a Paronychia ; rhizome tuberculiferous ; stem rather fleshy, ascending 
or nearly erect ; branches opposite ; branchlets erect or ascending, leafy ; 
leaves verticillate-fasciculate, cylindric-subulate, fleshy ; flowers axil- 
lary, pentamerous ; calyx green ; petals herbaceous-green, lanceolate, a 
little exceeding the calyx, apparently connate at the base ; stamens 5, 
shorter than the petals ; ovaries 5, erect, unilocular. In black earth in 


the cracks of rocks, Serra de Oiahoia, near Humpata, seen only in one 
spot ; fr. and few fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 2478. 


Var. (2) illecebroides (Welw. ms. in Herb.). 

A glabrous herb, | to 3 in. high, with the habit of an /ilecebrum, 
from an apparently perennial root much branched ; lower branches 
spreading decumbent and rooting near the base, then as well as 
the upper branches ascending or erect, leafy ; internodes short ; 
leaves linear-lanceolate, opposite, connate at the base, forming a 
narrow ring round the stem or branch, more or less acute at the 
apex, rather fleshy, glaucous-green or marked with reddish spots, 
with narrowly winged whitish margins, ;), to ¢ in. long; flowers 
quasi-axillary, in opposite very abbreviated about 2-flowered axil- 
lary cymes usually shorter than the leaves, pentamerous, about 
jj; in. long; peduncles minute or obsolete ; pedicels very short or 
minute, thickened towards the apex ; sepals lanceolate, acute, not 
taper-pointed ; petals rather or scarcely shorter than the sepals, 
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the base; stamens rather 
shorter than the petals; filaments filiform, inserted on the short 
corolla-tube ; ovaries erect, unilocular, 2-ovuled ; carpels 2-1-seeded. 

Hovitia.—In elevated rocky situations among the mountains of 
Morro de Monino, amidst moss, at about 5500 ft. altitude ; fl. and fr. 
March and end of Feb. 1860. No. 2477. 

Doubtfully distinct specifically from the last species, with which 
Britten had united it. 


2. CRASSULA L. ; Benth. & Hook. £. Gen. Pl. i. p. 657. 


1, C. abyssinica A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 309 (1847); Britten 
in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 388. 


326 XLVII. CRASSULACEZ. [Crassula 


Var. vaginata Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrik. pars C. p. 189 (1895). 
C. vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. p. 298, n. 1903 (1837). 


Punco ANDONGO.—A perennial herb ; rhizome tuberous, filled with 
a red flesh inside, succulent throughout ; stem rose-reddish, hyaline- 
subglandular ; leaves glaucous, squamulose-crenulate on the margin ; 
flowers white ; calyx flat ; petals sub-connate at the base; stamens 5, 
with reddish anthers. In the fissures of the gigantic rocks, in damp 
places, at Cabonda ; fl. end of Nov. 1856. No. 2479. 

HvuiLuia.—Rhizome sub-napiform, with a few rather thick fibres 
descending straight ; stem erect, cylindric-purplish, 1 to 24 ft. high; 
primordial leaves when fully developed narrowed into a petiole, 
5-nerved, as well as the lower ordinary leaves lanceolate-linear, rather 
fleshy erect ; leaves of the flowering stem opposite, broadly linear, 
amplexicaul, with a closed sheath an inch long, cartilaginous-crenate 
on the margin, as well as the bracts and inflorescence lepidote-papillose ; 
flowers whitish, at length in the course of drying turning rather red. 
Not uncommon, in sandy-earthy thickets about Lopollo and towards 
Monino ; fil. March 1860. No. 2480. 


3. CRASSUVIA Commers. ex Lam. Encycl. Méth. ii. p. 141 
(1786). Bryophyllum Salish. (1806); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 
1. p. 658, 

1. C, floripendia Commers., /.c. 

C. floripendula Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1409 (1811). Cotyledon 
pinnata Lam., lec. Bryophyllum calycinum Salish. Parad. Lond. 
n. 3 (1806); Britten in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 390. B. pin- 
natum Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. ii. p. 52 (1871). 


Pungo ANDonGo.—A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, hard-fleshy through- 
out ; stem cylindrical, bright green ; leaves sometimes viviparous ; the 
barren ones ascending, the flowering ones erect and spotted black- 
purple ; flowers handsome, 14 to 2 in. long, pendulous ; calyx inflated, 
greenish with purplish lines at the base ; corolla tubular-hypocrateri- 
form ; tube globose octagonal inflated and partly inserted within the 
calyx at the base, then abruptly constricted and soon again produced into 
an elongate-ventricose quadrangular form ; limb 4-cleft into abruptly 
acuminate very acute spreading lobes ; stamens 8, a little exceeding the 
base of the corolla-lobes ; hypogynous glands 4, broadly rectangular ; 
ovaries 4, almost altogether separate ; styles filiform, straight, equalling 
the stamens ; stigmas flat-capitate, thinly papillose. Near cataracts in 
Mata de Cabondo, not uncommon but rarely flowering ; fl. end of Nov. 


1856. No. 2481. 


4, KALANCHOE Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 659. 
1. K. laciniata DC. Pl. Grass. n. 100 (1802?) ; Britten. in Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 392. 
Cotyledon laciniata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 430 (1753). 
HviLtia.—Stem erect, 3 to 4 ft. high, with deep-yellow flowers. In 


dry open thickets, rare ; fl. and fr. April and beginning of May 1860. 
No. 2482. 


2. K. brachyloba Welw. ex Britten, l.c., p. 392. 


Hu1iita.—An erect glabrous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high or more; rhizome 
tuberous, nearly as large as a man’s fist, giving off numerous somewhat 
woody fibres; stem cylindrical, green; the lower leaves opposite, 


Ki alanchoe | XLVII. CRASSULACE. 327 


lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or remotely and sparingly denti- 
culate or slightly repand, sheathing the stem for a considerable length, 
fleshy, rigid, glaucous or glaucous-pruinous, becoming green in old age, 
the upper part of the margin entire, red ; the uppermost leaves linear, 
acute ; calyx deeply quadripartite ; segments lanceolate-linear, elon- 
gated, greenish; corolla yellow; tube acutely quadrangular, limb 
comparatively short, with 4 segments ; stamens 8 ; hypogynous scales 4, 
erect, broadly linear, shortly acuminate, yellowish ; ovaries 4; young 
seeds elongate-cylindrical, somewhat curved, marked with numerous. 
longitudinal furrows. In sandy thickets and in dry forests of Parinari 
Mobola, about Lopollo, Monino, and the great lake of Ivantala, at an 
elevation of 5000 to 5200 ft.; flower-bud Feb. 1860, sporadic; fl. and 
fr. middle of March 1860, abundant. No. 2486. 


3. K. platysepala Welw. ex Britten, /.c., p. 393. 


HuvuiILia.—An annual erect shaggy herb, 1 to 3 ft. high ; stem sub- 
alate-quadrangular ; leaves entire or in a variety dentate ; flowers of a 
brilliant pale-yellow colour outside, especially in the bud, pubescent ; 
sepals ovate, connate at the base more or less, broadly acuminate, much 
more so than in the most closely allied species, densely shaggy-pubescent 
outside, ciliolate on the margin. On sparingly bushy hills along the 
edges of forests in the Lopollo country, abundant ; fi. and fr. April and 
May 1860. No. 2484. 


4. K. Welwitschii Britten, J.c.. p. 394; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, 
p. 180 (1884). 
Kalanchoe (sp.) Welw. Apont. p. 553, n. 113, and p. 592, n. 112. 


Loanpa.—Stem cylindrical straight, 3 to 6 ft. high or more, almost 
an inch thick at the base, wholly glaucous, glabrous and quite smooth 
except the flowers ; radical leaves large, including a petiole of 14 to 
3 in, nearly 10 in. long, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 
crenate-dentate or coarsely dentate with purple-margined crenatures or 
teeth ; upper stem-leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire ; calyx- 
segments 4, green, lanceolate, long-acuminate-subulate ; corolla of a 
bright sulphur-colour ; tube pyramidal, acutely quadrangular, herba- 
ceous green towards the base; limb 4-partite, much spreading ; 
partitions ovate, abruptly-acuminate, aristate ; stamens 8, 4 of them 
inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, the other 4 inserted a little 
below the throat of the corolla with their anthers almost exserted ; 
capsule truncate, acuminate. Sporadic, in very dry thickets and on 
stony slopes behind Maianga do Povo and near Cacuaco, also cultivated ; 
fl. and fr. 30 Sept. 1853 and July 1854. No. 2492. A fleshy under- 
shrub, with yellow flowers ; rare in stony places ; fr. Jan. 1858. Co... 
Carp. 543. 

The same and perhaps also allied species are cultivated by negro 
medical men, who are called “ Quibanga”’ or “ Jinganga,” in Golungo 
Alto and Ambriz and other districts; the negro name is “ Tuta 
Riambula” or “ Rituta ria n’ vula,” which means rain-cloud; it is 
used for witchcraft together with Caladium, but Welwitsch failed to 
learn for what particular purpose. 


Var. gracilituba Britten, /.c. 

Lisonco.—A fleshy little shrub ; stem ascending, cylindrical, nodose, 
hard, fleshy-fibrous, smooth, dark-green, in flower elongated and com- 
posite-corymbose ; leaves lanceolate, fleshy-thick, channelled, sordid- 
glaucescent, margin dentate-crenate and purplish ; flowers of a deep 
orange-yellow colour. In dry, elevated stony thickets between Banza. 


823 XLVII. CRASSULACER. | Kalanchoe 


de Libongo and the petroleum mine, not uncommon; fl. and fr. end 
of Sept, 1858. No. 2491. 


5. K. egyptiaca DC. Pl. Grass. n. 64 (1801 2). 

Cotyledon egyptiaca Lam. Encycl. Méth. ii. p. 142 (1786). C. 
integra Medik. in Act. Ac. Theod.-Palat. iii. p. 200, t. 9 (1775). 
C. deficiens Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. p. 89 (1775). C. nudicaulis 
Murr, Syst. Veg. (edit. 14) p. 429 (1784). XK. crenata Haw. Syn. 
Pl. Succ. p. 109 (1812) pro parte; Britten, l.c., p. 394. 


Pungo ANDONGO.—Stem cylindrical, 3 ft. high or more, glabrous up 
to the inflorescence ; radical leaves numerous, thick, glabrous ; stem- 
leaves obovate-spathulate, narrowed into a rather long petiole, glabrous ; 
inflorescence hispidulous ; flowers of a pale-sulphur colour; sepals 
lanceolate, acute, viscid. Sporadic, in rocky bushy places within the 
fortified lines, not far from the road leading to Cambamba ; fl. and fr. 
April 1857. No. 2488. | 


6. K. coccinea Welw. ex Britten, d.c., p. 395. 


GoLuNnGco ALTO.—An erect nearly glabrous annual (?) herb, 2 to 4 ft. 
high or more; stem slender, herbaceous-green, fleshy, glabrous below, 
somewhat shaggy above; leaves herbaceous-green, fleshy, less thick 
than in most of the other species of the genus, the lower leaves glabrous, 
the upper ones as well as the inflorescence somewhat shaggy ; flowers 
brilhantly scarlet or orange-red or even sometimes white at the time 
of flowering, at length when fruiting crowded into long corymbose 
racemes ; corolla-tube somewhat shaggy ; hypogynous scales linear, 
bifid at the apex. In the drier thickets and borders of woods, from 
Calolo towards Sange and between Chixe (Xixe) and Muria, abundant, 
fl. and fr, Sept. 1854 ; on thin-bushy hills on the left bank of the river 
Coango, fl. and young fr. July 1856; in wooded and in bushy places 
between Muria and Calolo, sparingly, fl. beginning of Sept. 1857. 
No. 2487. 

BENGo (ZENzA) and GoLtunco ALTo.—A very succulent perennial 
herb ; stem straight, 2 to 3} ft. high ; leaves greenish-glaucous, green 
when fully developed, fleshy ; flowers corymbose, of a pleasant orange- 
scarlet colour. In dry places among trees of Euphorbia, etc., near 
Cacuaco, fr. Sept. 1854 ; near Muria, fr. Dec. 1854. Cox. Carp, 542. 


7. K. velutina Welw. ex Britten, l.c., p. 396. 


PunGo ANDONGO,—A very fleshy, velvety-tomentellous undershrub : 
root thick, fleshy, creeping, perennial ; flowers softly pubescent, yellow ; 
calyx short, deeply partite, with deltoid acute segments ; lobes of the 
corolla-limb very acute, but little spreading at the time of flowering : 
corolla-tube scarcely or but little inflated. Rather rare, in rocky 
sparingly-shrubby situations near Mutollo towards Calumba ; fl. and 
fr. end of March 1857. No. 2490. 


8. K. glandulosa Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. ii. n. 904; 
A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 312 (1847) ; Britten, J.c., p. 396 ; Engler, 
Hochgebirgsfl. p. 233 (1892). 

Var. benguelensis Engl., l.c. 


Hv1LLa.—A perennial herb ; root tuberous; stem erect, 1} to 2 ft. 
high, tetragonal, densely clothed with glandular hairs; radical and 
lowest leaves very large, a foot long, broadly elliptic-ovate, very thick, 
fleshy, very brittle, opaque and very thinly papillose above, smooth 
paler shining and keeled beneath, coarsely dentate on the margin: 


Kalanchoe| XLVII, CRASSULACES. 329 


upper leaves lanceolate from an amplexicaul base, coarsely dentate 
from the middle to the apex ; calyx deeply 4-cleft, densely glandular, 
with erect long-acuminate lobes; corolla pale-yellow; corolla-tube 
acutely quadrangular; lobes of the limb elliptic-ovate, cucullate- 
apiculate at the apex ; stamens 8 of which 4 are inserted lower than 
the others, included; hypogynous scales 4, well developed, linear, 
obtuse ; ovaries 4, erect, free, unilocular. In elevated stony parts of 
Morro de Lopollo (Monino) ; flower-bud 6 April, fl. April and May 1860. 
No. 2485. 


9. K. scapigera Welw. ex Britten, J.c., p. 397. 


MossaMEDES.—A_ suffruticose, fleshy, quite glabrous herb; root 
thick, oblique, 1-3-headed ; stem cylindrical, an inch high, transversely 
rugose with the scars of fallen leaves; leaves obovate obtuse sub- 
petiolate or occasionally subsessile and suborbicular, very thick, sub- 
rosulate at the apex of the stem, reddish or of a yellow-copper colour ; 
peduncles scapiform, arising from the rosette of leaves, solitary or two 
together, 5 to 9 in. long, straight, cylindrical, occasionally furnished 
with 2 opposite deciduous bracts, bearing at the apex 1 to 5 little 
cymes ; pedicels 7; to } in. long, rigid, furnished with thick lanceolate 
almost triquetrous bracteoles; flowers deep-yellow, rather fleshy, 
brittle ; calyx-segments very short, oval-deltoid, rather obtuse, gibbous 
on the back, several times shorter than the quadrangular corolla-tube ; 
stamens 8; hypogynous glands 4, filiform-linear; ovaries gradually 
acuminate, at length dehiscing on the inner side, many-ovuled. On 
the summit of the mountains of Serra de Montes Negros, seen in only 
one stony spot ; a few specimens in fr. and one in fl. 10 August 1859. 


No. 2483. 


5. COTYLEDON Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 659. 


1. ©. orbiculata L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 429 (1753); Britten in 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. u. p. 398. 


MossaMEDES.—A. beautiful, pruinose-glaucous, fleshy, brittle shrub, 
1 to 2 ft. high; stem straight or ascending, woody, 4 to % in. thick, 
transversely rugose with the scars of fallen leaves ; branches dichoto- 
mous, czespitose, spreading, undulating, pale-brown, shortened, densely 
leafy ; leaves in 4 rows decussate, obovate-spathulate, fleshy, very thick, 
subsessile, glaucous, spread all over with easily separable quite white 
meal, turning red at the obtuse apex ; flowers red, terminal, cymose ; 
peduncle cylindrical, 4 to 7 in. long, scape-like, with opposite bracts at 
the base and above the middle, as well as the pedicels and calyx white- 
mealy. Abundant, on the sides of lofty almost vertical rocks composed 
of sandy mica-schist, along the banks of the river Maiombo, about 
15 miles from the coast, chiefly between Pdo and Bisapa, rather rare 
between P4o and Pedra Rei; fl. and young fr. 7 June 1860. Altitude 
100 to 300 ft. No. 2489. 


XLVIL DROSERACE. 


The Droseracee of Angola are essentially highland plants. 
Even in the hilly region, where a moist atmosphere and spongy 
ground are certainly not rare, Welwitsch did not find a single 
species, and it was only about 15° S. lat. at an elevation of 5000 
to 6000 ft. that several species were met with. Drosera indica L. 
descends lowest, namely to 3200 ft., but the geographical distri- 


330 XLVIII. DROSERACES. | Drosera 


bution of this species is much wider than that of the others ; 
farther north, several degrees nearer the equator, this species 
occurs in the coast region, but very rarely ; a small stunted form 
was discovered in the swampy forest near Quizembo in the Ambriz 
district. 

All the species found are probably perennial, although D. indica 
L. has quite the appearance of an annual plant. Numerous small 
bulbs or tubercles are developed just below the surface of the 
ground, and under the shelter of Scytonemata and mosses seem to 
produce the future flowering plants; a similar condition occurs 
in the case of several Scrophulariacez, Utricularie, etc. 


1. DROSERA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1. p. 662. 


1. D. Burkeana Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 3, ix. p. 192 
(1848) ; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 402. 


Hvityia.—A biennial or perennial herb ; leaves almost naked on the 
lower face; scapes many times longer than the leaves, glandular- 
puberulous as well as the inflorescence ; flowers deep-purple. In wet 
spongy wooded meadows between Lopollo and Monino, in company 
with species of Burmannia, Xyris, and Gentianaceze (Faroa salutaris 
Welw. and Exochenium primuleflorum Welw.) ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860, not 
uncommon. No. 1184. In spongy meadows near Monino, in company 
with Gentianaceee and Cyperaceze and with the last; fl. and fr. Jan. 
and Feb. 1860. A larger form, including some specimens with whip- 
like scapes. No. 11845. 


2. D. affinis Welw. ex Oliv., l.c., p. 402. 


Hvuitia.—A marsh herb, with the habit of D. anglica Huds., but 
more or less caulescent, smooth on the petioles and scapes; flowers 
blue-purple ; calyx glandular-pubescent, its lobes densely ciliate or 
hispidulous-ciliate and in fruit divaricate. Abundant in swamps and 
marshy places alongside streams near Lopollo; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 
and Jan. 1860; also sparingly in swampy spongy wooded places with 
Scytonemata, about Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Jan. and April 1860. No. 1183. 


3. D. indica L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 282 (1753) ; Oliv., 2.c., p. 402 ; 
Welw. Apont. p. 555 under n. 122 ; Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iu. 
p. 154 (1859). 


Punco ANDONGO.—Stems quite simple in most cases, only in one 
out of 50 specimens collected with a branch near the base ; petiole 
minutely muricate ; flowers purplish, fugacious ; peduncles circinate 
when young, patent and arching ascending in fruit; pedicels erect- 
secund. In sandy-earthy pastures and in spongy hot wooded rich places 
with Scytonemata, at the banks of the river Cuanza, not uncommon, in 
company with Ascolepis elata Welw. No. 1670 ; fl. and fr. Jan. to March 
1857. No. 1179. In sandy very shortly grassy places near Candumba ; 
fl. beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 1179. 

HuiLia.—A very elegant shortly caulescent little herb, apparently 
annual, with rather large flowers; petals almost twice as long as the 
calyx, much contracted in drying ; sparingly, in moist shortly grassy 
pare between Lopollo and Humpata; fl. and fr. 21 March 1860. 

o. 1180. 


4. D. ramentacea Burch. ex DC. Prodr.i. p. 318 (1824) ; Oliv., 
l.c., p. 403, 


Drosera] XLVIII. DROSERACEX. 331 


Hvuitia.—A herb, apparently perennial, more or less caulescent ; 
root consisting of elongated cylindrical fleshy brittle tubercles ; leaves 
strigulose-pubescent beneath ; petioles scapes and inflorescence clothed 
with a rufous-hoary pubescence ; flowers blue-purple, very variable in 
size. Abundant in spongy woods by the banks of streams between 
Lopollo and the great lake of Ivantala and towards Quilengues, fl. and 
fr. Jan. 1860; also weaker forms in bogs of Sphagnum at the base of 
Morro de Monino, fl. and fr. March 1860. No. 1182. 


5. D. flexicaulis Welw. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 403. 


Hu1Lia.—A biennial or perhaps perennial herb ; rhizome composed 
of elongated fleshy cylindrical fasciculate tubercles; stems erect, 
slender, filiform, regularly flexuous, sparingly leafy, 4 to 8 in. high, 
glabrescent as also the petioles which are a little longer than the 
obovate-spathulate leaf-blade; inflorescence racemose, sub-secund ; 
peduncle capillary, elongated, starting in a curved course within the 
rosette of uppermost leaves, then straight, slender, glabrous, as well 
as the stems shining-atropurpureous ; pedicels and calyx pubescent ; 
flowers (as in several other species of the genus) variable in size, the 
larger ones almost double the smaller; calyx-segments barbulate- 
ciliolate on the margin; petals always longer than, sometimes twice 
the length of, the calyx. Abundant, in elevated spongy wooded parts 
of Morro de Lopollo, about Quipaca Velha, at an elevation of 5500 ft. ; 
fl. Nov. and beginning of Dec. 1859. No. 1181. Fruiting specimens 
in the same locality but at an elevation of 6000 ft. in company with 
species of Disa and Utricularia, end of Dec. 1859. No. 11810. 


XLIX. MYROTHAMNACE ZL. 


1. MYROTHAMNUS Welw. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 1005. 


1. M. flabellifolius Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 155 
(1 Feb. 1859); Welw. Apont. p. 578, Nota 8; Welw. Synopse, 
p. 26, n. 58; Welw. Sert. Angol. p. 23, t. vill. (flabellifolia) ; Oliv. 
Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. p. 404; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 180 (1884) ; Engl. 
Hochgebirgsfl. p. 233 (1892). 

Punco ANDONGO.—A bush, 1 to 7 ft. high, prostrate or ascending or 
even strict-erect ; trunk attaining 16 in. in diam. at the base. Much 
branched and very agreeably aromatic throughout, sometimes laden 
with specimens of Parmelia perlata Ach. (Welw. Lichen n. 114). On 
the summit of Pedra Songue and in elevated rocky places in Serra de 
Pedras de Guinga, at an elevation of 3500 ft.; fi. Jan. and young fr. 
March 1887, abundant ; a low prostrate form near Funda Quilombo. 
No. 1279. A specimen of the wood, March 1857. CoLu. Carp. 544. 

Hvi_uia.—An erect aromatic dicecious shrub, in this region at an 
altitude of 4500 to 5500 ft., 1 to 23 ft. high, branched towards the 
apex ; leaves glandular, flowering branches with persistent scales ; in 
very elevated rocky woody places, near Lopollo and in Morro de 
Monino ; fl. Dec. 1859, fr. April 1860. No. 1278. Stamens mona- 
delphous ; anthers 4 to 6, usually 5, basifixed, clustered in a head at 
the apex of a stipes, with very short filaments. In elevated wooded 
places in Morro de Lopollo ; fr. May 1860. Co. Carp. 545. 

All the parts of this shrub and especially the branchlets and leaves 
contain a resin of very pleasant odour like that in certain species of 
Myrica. The natives in Pungo Andongo employ the shoots in the 
form of a cold or warm infusion to cure headaches and in the form of 


332 XLIX. MYROTHAMNACES. | Myrothamnus 


fumigations in the treatment of rheumatic pains and sudden paralysis ; 
also the Portuguese colonists hold in high esteem its medicinal virtues 
and keep its dried branches instead of incense to perfume their houses ; 
it is probable that it is on this account that the colonists give it the 
name of ‘‘ Alecrim das paredes”’ (wall-rosemary), though in habit it is 
very little or not at all like the rosemary of Portugal. The native name 
is ‘‘ Cachinde-Candange.” (See Welwitsch, Synopse, p. 26, n. 58.) 

Welwitsch latterly thought that this plant was the type of a new 
Natural Order allied to Salicaceze, and Engler has adopted the name 
Myrothamnacee. 


L. HALORAGE A. 
1. SERPICULA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 675. 

1. S. repens L. Mant. Pl. (i.) p. 124 (1767); Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 
p. 405. 

Var. brachypoda Welw. ms. 

A herb, perennial or at least lasting for several years ; rootstock 
becoming more or less woody, densely fibrillose ; stems red, cylin- 
drical, decumbent-rooting, crowded; the flowering shoots leafy, 
erect or ascending; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, rather 
obtuse, more or less congested towards the apex of the shoots; 
flowers clustered in the axils of the leaves, polygamous, very small, 
the upper ones male or hermaphrodite, few and shortly pedicellate, 
the lower ones female and mostly without petals ; calyx adnate to 
the ovary, with a superior 4-cleft limb; petals 4, valvate, rather 
erect, closely embracing the anthers in the bud, inserted on the 
calyx, alternate with its lobes, red, more than twice as long as 
the calyx-lobes ; stamens 4, alternate with the petals; filaments 
filiform, very slender; anthers oblong-linear, almost as long as 
the petals, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing; pollen whitish ; ovary 
inferior, in the male flowers barren, in the female flowers globose- 
ovate ; stigmas 4, sessile, papilliform, red, erect. 

In habit like the type of the species, but the male flowers sub- 
sessile or very shortly pedicellate, and the plant rather glabrous or 
usually hirtulo-pubescent, the pedicels much shorter than the 
flowers and many times shorter than the leaves ; leaves entire or 
towards the apex with a few teeth directed upwards and unequal. 
The whole plant always more or less reddish, sometimes dwarf, 
13 to 2 in., sometimes reaching a foot or more and then with 
broader and often dentate leaves. 

Huiitia.—In swampy places at the banks of the river Quipum- 
punhime, in Humpata, in company with species of Lobelia, other 
Campanulacez, Utricularia, etc. ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1621la. Very 
abundant in swamps throughout the district, in company with species 
of Trifolium, Limosella, etc. ; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. 
Various forms with entire and toothed leaves at the banks of the river of 
Lopollo, between 4000 and 5000 ft. alt., Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 16210. 


In Apont. p. 569 under n. 167, Welwitsch states that he met with on 
the banks of the river Dande a plant without fructification which 
probably belonged to the genus Jfyriophyllum ; unfortunately the 


Serpicula| L. HALORAGEZ. 333 


specimens were lost during his passage by night across the river Bero ; 
these were two specimens with foliage collected in Nov. 1853, and in 
1855 he searched the margins of the river Dande, but failed to find the 
plant again ; further consideration led Welwitsch to the conclusion that 
he may have been mistaken in referring the specimens to Myriophyllum. 


LI. RHIZOPHORACEZ. 
1. RHIZOPHORA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 678. 


1. R. Mangle L. Sp. Pl. edit. 1, p. 443 (1753); Welw. Apont. 
p. 568 under n. 165; Ficalho, Pl. Uteis, p. 181 (1884). 

Var. racemosa Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. part i. p. 427 (1876). 

R. racemosa G. F. W. Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. p. 185 (1818) ; 
Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 11. p. 408. 


Ampriz.—A shrub or sometimes a tree attaining 20 ft. or more ; in 
masses about the mouth of the river Loge near Ambriz ; sparingly in 
fl. Nov, 1853. No. 2497. 

LoaNnpA.— Wood rose-red, afterwards turning pale ; peduncles 1 to 
2-, usually 2-flowered, fruit clavate-cylindrical-conical ; embryo germi- 
nating in the fruit and after its fall taking root in maritime mud ; 
occasionally 2 embryos were seen in one and the same ovary, both 
germinating. Abundant and highly gregarious along the Atlantic 
coast near to Loanda, as for example at Praia do Bispo fr. June 1854, 
at Cabo Lombe fl. and fr. July 1854, and at Praia do Zambe Grande 
fl. and fr. beginning of August 1854. Fl. nearly the whole year. 
No. 2496. Cou. Carp. 546. 

The Mangrove is abundant on the sea coast in muddy and sandy 
situations, (but nowhere seen in rocky places,) near Ambriz, Lifune, 
Dande, Bengo, Loanda island, and at the mouth of the Cuanza; it is 
mostly a dense shrub or bush of 8 to 10 ft. often only 5 ft. high, but 
occasionally a tree reaching 30 ft. or more, as for instance at the mouth 
of the river Loge ; it appears to prefer a mixture of fresh and sea water 
about its roots, for at the mouths of rivers it becomes a tree of con- 
siderable height and thus gives a stately appearance to the estuaries, 
although it rarely acquires a fine head ; it frequently grows mixed with 
Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn. and Avicennia officinalis L. 'The wood 
is considered valuable for various building purposes, and that of the 
bush-form is mostly used for firewood, but it is not very good fuel ; 
the bark abounds in an astringent ingredient, fit for tanning leather. 
The leaves are bright-green above and yellowish-green beneath ; the 
flowers are of moderate size, tetragonal-pyramidal in bud, and of a 
pleasant sweet-acid odour ; the calyx and corolla are waxy-rigid and of 
a sulphur-yellow colour ; the calyx is constantly 4-parted. I follow 
Welwitsch’s matured opinion in referring his specimens to Ff. racemosa. - 

Welwitsch observed at the very mouth of the river Loge near 
Ambriz some tall trees with a trunk bare for some height in the 
lower part and at the apex forming a loose head, of which he could 
not gather specimens, but which he regarded as belonging to a quite 
different species. 


INDEX OF GENERA. 


Abelmoschus, 75. 
Aberia, 40. 
Abrus, 247. 
Abutilon, 65. 
Acacia, 310. 
Acioa, 321. 
Acridocarpus, 104. 
Actinostigma, 59. 
Acuan, 309. 
Acuania, 309. 
Adansonia, 79. 
Adenocarpus, 205. 
Aeschynomene, 234. 
Afzelia, 299. 
Agelza, 188. 
Agialid, 119. 
Agialida, 119. 
Albizzia, 314. 
Allophylus, 167. 
Alsudeia, 34. 
Alvesia, 296. 
Alysicarpus, 246. 


Amerimnon, 275, 318. 


Ampelocissus, 154. 
Anacardium, 1765. 
Anafrenium, 180. 
Anaphrenium, 180. 
Anarthrosyne, 244. 
Anila, 206-8, 210-7. 
Annona, 6. 

Anona, 6. 
Aphania, 169. 
Apodytes, 142. 
Arachis, 239. 
Argemone, 23. 
Argyrolobium, 204. 
Arungana, 58, 
Assonia, 85. 
Azederach, 130. 


Balanites, 119. 
Balsamea, 123. 


Balsamodendron, 123. 


Bandeirea, 295. 
Baphia, 285. 
Baphia, 303. 
Barteria, 21. 
Bauhinia, 295. 
Bergia, 55. 
Berlinia, 298. 


Bersama, 172. 
Biophytum, 109. 
Bixa, 37. 
Bombax, 80. 
Bombycella, 74. 
Boscia, 30. 

Botor, 261. 
Brachystegia, 300. 
Brasenia, 21. 
Brasilettia, 287, 
Brassica, 25, 
Brucea, 119. 
Bryophyllum, 326. 
Buettneria, 92. 
Burkea, 304. 
Byrsocarpus, 186. 
Byttneria, 92. 


Cacara, 261. 
Cesalpinia, 288. 
Cesalpiniodes, 289. 
Cajan, 266. 
Cajanus, 266. 
Calceolaria, 34. 
Calesiam, 177. 
Calesium, 177. 
Calpurnia, 286. 
Camoénsia, 285. 


Campylostemon, 147. 


Canarium, 127. 
Canavali, 254. 
Canavalia, 254, 
Caopia, 58. 
Capassa, 281. 
Capparis, 31. 
Carapa, 134. 
Cardamine, 25. 


Cardiospermum, 166. 


Carpolobia, 48. 
Cassia, 290. 
Cassine, 146, 147. 
Castalia, xxvi. 
Catha, 144. 
Cebatha, 18. 
Ceiba, 80. 
Celastrus, 144. © 
Celastrus, 144-6. 
Chailletia, 136. 
Chasmanthera, 14. 


Chondodendron, 16. 
Chrysobalanus, 319. 
Chytranthus, 170. 
Cicer, 247. 
Cienfuegosia, 77. 
Cissampelos, 18. 
Cissus, 157. 

Citrus, 118. 
Clausena, 116. 
Clematis, 2. 
Cleome, 26. 

Cleome, 28. 
Cliffortia, 323. 
Clitoria, 248. 
Cnestis, 190. 
Cnestis, 188. 
Cocculus, 15, 18. 
Cochlospermum, 37. 
Codarium, 294. 
Cola, 84. 
Coluteastrum, 232. 
Commiphora, 123. 
Connarus, 189, 
Copaiba, 303. 
Copaifera, 303. 
Copaiva, 303. 
Corallodendron, 250. 
Corchorus, 100. 
Cotyledon, 329. 
Cotyledon, 326, 328. 
Cracca, 218. 
Cranzia, 115. 
Crassula, 325. 
Crassula, 324. 
Crassuvia, 326. 
Crotalaria, 195. 
Cryptosepalum, 300. 
Cyanospermum, 266. 
Cynometra, 303. 


Dactyladenia, 321. 
Dactylanthera, 60. 
Dalbergia, 275> 
Dalhousiea, 284. 
Damapana, 236. 
Deguelia, 282. 
Deinbollia, 168. 
Derris, 282. 
Desmanthus, 309. 


Desmodium, 240. 
Dialium, 294. 
Dianthus, 49. 


Dichapetalum, xxvi, 136. 


Dichrostachis, 308. 
Dichrostachys, 308. 
Didelotia, 300. 
Dioclea, 254. 
Diphaca, 233 
Dodonza, 172. 
Dolichos, 262. 
Dolicholus, 266. 
Dolichus, 263. 
Dombeya, 85. 
Doryalis, 40. 
Dovyalis, 40. 
Drepanocarpus, 277. 
Drosera, 330. 
Drymaria, 50. 


Ecastaphyllum, 275. 
Echinodiscus, 279. 
Edwardia, 84. 
Ekebergia, 132. 
Elezodendron, 146. 
Emerus, 230-32. 
Entada, 305. 


Entandrophragma, 135. 


Epinetrum, 21. 
Eriodendron, 80. 
EKriosema, 272. 
Erythrina, 250. 
Erythroxylon, 103. 
Erythroxylum, 103. 


Fabricia, 246. 
Fagara, xxvi. 
Fagonia, 107. 
Ferolia, 319-21. 
Fewilleea, 314-17. 
Flabellaria, 104, 
Flacourtia, 40. 
Frankenia, 49. 
Fugosia, 77. 
Fumaria, 23. 


Garcinia, 60. 
Garretia, 135. 
Gaurea, 131. 
Gigalobium, 305. 
Giganthemum, 285. 
Gleditschia, 289. 
Gleditsia, 289. 
Glycine, 249. 
Glycosmis, 115. 
Glyphza, 102. 
Gomphia, 122. 
Gossypium, 77. 
Gossypium, 77. 
Gouania, 151. 


INDEX. 


Grewia, 93. 
Griffonia, 295. 
Griffonia, 319, 321. 
Guarea, 131. 
Gymnosporia, 144. 
Gymnosporia, 146. 
Gynandropsis, 28, 


Hannoa, 118. 
Haronga, 58. 
Harungana, 58. 


Hedysarum, 233, 246, 


Heeria, 180 
Heisteria, 140. 
Helinus, 151. 
Hemilobium, 142. 
Heptaca, 38. 
Hermannia, 88. 
Herminiera, 233. 
Heteropteris, 104. 
Heudelotia, 123. 
Hibiscus, 68. 
Hippocratea, 147. 
Hugonia, 102. 
Hypericum, 56. 


Tlex, 143. 
Impatiens, 110. 
Indigofera, 206. 
Intsia, 299, 
Todes, 143. 
Tonidium, 34. 
Isatis, 26. 


Jateorhiza, 15. 


Kalanchoe, 326. 
Khaya, 135. 
Kosteletskya, 68. 


Lablab, 262. 
Lathyrus, 247. 
Lecaniodiscus, 171. 
Leea, 164. 
Lepidium, 25. 
Leptonychia, 91. 
Lessertia, 232. 
Leucena, 310, 
Lingoum, 277, 279. 
Linum, 102. 
Locellaria, 296. 
Lonchocarpus, 281. 
Lophostyles, 48. 
Lotononis, 194. 
Lotus, 205. 
Lunanea, 84. 


335. 


Macrolobium, 299. 
Merua, 29. 
Malache, 67. 
Malva, 63. 
Mangifera, 174. 
Manotes, 189. 
Mazximiliana, 37. 
Maximilianea, 37. 
Meibomia, 240. 
Melhania, 88. 
Melia, 130. 
Melochia, 90. 
Melodorum, 9. 
Mezoneurum, 287, 
Microcharis, 230. 
Milletia, 227, 229, 281. 


| Millettia, 225. 


Mimosa, 309. 
Mimosa, 305. 
Monodora, 11. 
Monotes, 61. 
Monsonia, 108. 
Monsonia, 108. 
Moringa, 33. 
Mucuna, 250, 253 
Mundulea, 225. 
Musiria, 274. 
Myriophyllum, 332. 
Myrothamnus, 331. 


Naregamia, 130. 
Nasturtium, xxvi, 24. 
Natalia, 172. 
Nelanaregam, 130, 


| Nelanaregum, 130. 


Neptunia, 309. 
Nymphea, xxvi, 22. 


Ochna, 120. 


Octolobus, 84. 
Odina, 177. 

Olax, 141. 
Omphalobium, 189 
Oncoba, 38. 
Opilia, 142. 
Ormocarpum, 233 
Ormosia, 286. 
Ornithrophe, 169. 
Ostryocarpus, 280. 
Ouratea, 122. 
Oxalis, 109. 
Oxalis, 109. 
Oxymitra, 10. 
Ozoroa, 180. 


Pachyrhizus, 261. 
Papaver, 23. 
Parinari, 319. 
Parinarium, 319. 


336 


Parkia, 305. 
Paullinia, 166. 
Pavonia, 67. 
Pelargonium, 108. 
Peltophorum, 287. 
Pentaclethra, 304. 
Pentadesma, 59. 
Pharnaceum, 50. 
Phaseolodes, 225-9. 
Phaseolus, 255. 
Phialodiscus, 171. 
Physostigma, 253, 
Piptadenia, 306. 
Pisum, 247. 
Pittosporum, 41. 
Platysepalum, 230. 
Poinciana, 289. 
Poinciana, 288. 
Polia, 51. 
Polycarpa, 50. 
Polycarpeea, 51. 
Polycarpon, 50. 
Polygala, 42. 
Portulaca, 52. 
Prosopis, 310. 
Pseudarthria, 244. 
Pseudospondias, 176. 
Psophocarpus, 261. 
Psoralea, 206. 
Psorospermum, 57. 
Psorospermum, 58. 
Ptaeroxylon, 172. 
Pterocarpus, 277. 
Pterocarpus, 282, 283. 
Pusetha, 305, 306. 
Pygeum, 322, 


Ranunculus, 4. 
Raphanus, 26. 
Rhizophora, 333. 
Rhoicissus, 157. 
Rhus, 182. 
Rhus, 180. 
Rhynchosia, 266. 
Rinorea, 34. 
Ritchiea, 33. 
Roripa, XxXvi. 
Rorippa, xxvi. 
Rothia, 195. 
Rourea, 186. 
tubus, 322. 
Ruta, 111. 


INDEX. 


Salacia, 149. 
Santiria, 127. 
Santiriopsis, 127. 
Sapindus, 169. 
Sarcocaulon, 108. 
Schinus, 180. 
Schmidelia, 167, 169. 
Sclerocarpa, 176. 
Sclerocarya, 176. 
Securidaca, 47. 
Serpicula, 332. 
Sesban, 230. 
Sesbania, 230. 
Sida, 63. 

Sida, 65. 
Sideroxylon, 143. 
Silene, 49. 
Simaba, 118. 
Smithia, 236. 
Solurus, 233. 
Sorindeia, 180. 
Sorindeia, 127. 
Spergula, 50. 


Sphedamnocarpus, 104. 


Spondias, 175. 
Spondias, 176. 
Spondiotdes, 190. 
Stellaria, 49. 
Stephania, 19. 
Sterculia, 81. 
Sterculia, 84. 
Stizolobium, 250. 
Stizolobium, 253. 
Strombosia, 143. 
Stylosanthes, 238. 
Swartzria, 286. 
Swietenia, 135. 
Sylitra, 218. 
Symphonia, 59. 
Synclisia, 17. 


Talinum, 54. 
Tamarindus, 302. 
Tamarix, 55. 
Teclea, XXVi. 
Tephrosia, 218. 
Tephrothamnus, 204, 
Teramnus, 249. 
Tetracera, 5. 
Tetrapleura, 307, 
Theobroma, 92. 
Thysantha, 325. 
| Tiliacora, 15. 


Tillea, 324. 
Toddalia, 115. 
Tounatea, 286. 
Toxicodendron, 182-3. 
Triaspis, 104. 
Tribulus, 105. 
Trichilia, 133. 
Triclisia, 17. 
Triclisia, 15. 
Trifolium, 205. 
Trigonella, 205. 
Triumfetta, 97. 
Tropxolum, 108. 
Turrea, 130. 


Unona, 10. 
Uraria, 245. 
Urena, 67. 
Uva, 9. 
Uvaria, 9. 
Uvaria, 10. 


Vachellia, 312. 
Vahlia, 324. 
Vatica, 61. 
Vepris, XXV1. 
Vigna, 256. 
Vismia, 58. 
Vitis, 154. 
Vitis, 154, 157. 
Voandzeia, 260. 
Vouapa, 299. 


Waltheria, 91. 
Westonia, 195. 
Wissadula, 65. 


Xerocarpus, 195. 
Xilopia, 9, 12. 
Ximenia, 140. 
Xylopia, 9. 
Xylopicrum, 9. 


Zanha, 128. 


Zanthoxylum, xxyi, 111. 


Ziziphus, 150. 
Zizyphus, 150. 
Zornia, 239, 
Zygophyllum, 106. 


Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. 


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