+ ‘ eS tat [WA bia tee WOR Nata! - & - "4 mba box by ry by Bh be matata abate Net teat tt tae wit t abs ie as 27 is hy PRESENTED BY Che Trustees | THE BRITISH MUSEUM. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation ttp:/Awww.archive.org/details/catalogueofamphiOObrituoft 2-—O0! CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIMENS OF AMPHIPODOUS CRUSTACEA IN THE COLLECTION OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM. ¢? BY aby CY SPENCE BATE, F.R.S., F.L.S. erc. - 1987 X P) : | eee UO q ae ase ORD) ON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1862. ¥. \ J ) a ‘ : iit yy we it Neneh | & Ag AP ys \ 7 m4 = . pee BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. Mr. Spence Bare observes,—“ In the production of the following Catalogue, I have endeavoured to bring together, in systematic arrangement, all the Amputropa that are as yet known to science. This, as far as practicable, has been attempted by descriptions and figures taken from specimens in the Bririse Museum; but where specimens haye not been procurable, the description by the author, or some reliable describer, of the species has been followed. In order to adhere to a uniform nomenclature of the parts homolo- gically the same, it has been found necessary to use different terms from those adopted by some authors; but this, it is hoped, will add to the clearness of the description without detracting from the meaning of the author. In other cases, where the description was too long to be quoted entire, the sense of the author has been condensed into a description that coincides with the anatomical characters of the Order. «The arrangement of the species in this Catalogue is the same as the classification proposed in the British Association Report for 1855, and adopted by Professor Westwood and myself in the ‘ British Sessile-eyed Crustacea.’ But observation during the progress of this Catalogue has suggested a more natural arrangement by the absorption of the Orchestidie as a subfamily into the Gammaride, establishing the Phoxides as a distinct family, and placing them between Coro- phiidee and Hyperide. “T am indebted to many valued correspondents for specimens and assistance, without which this Catalogue would have been far less complete. My obligations are expressed throughout the Catalogue in iv PREFACE. connexion with their occurrence ; but I should deem myself wanting in gratitude did I not especially record my sense of the kindness I have received from Professor Milne-Edwards, who not only permitted me the most ample opportunity of examining the typical specimens in the Jardin des Plantes, but also entrusted me with a numerous collection of unexamined Amphipoda for description. My thanks are also due to M. Guérin-Méneville and M. Lucas for permission to examine their private collections of Crustacea; to Mr. Stimpson for a valuable collection of Crustacea from North America and the Japanese Seas; and to Professor Liljeborg and Dr. Bruzelius for copies of their works and valuable information. “The Council of the College of Surgeons kindly allowed me to borrow from their store any specimen that I desired; and a collection of Arctic specimens was kindly lent to me by Mr. Hancock of Newcastle. «In the Plates, the original figures taken from the animals are shaded, whilst those taken from other authors are given in outline only.” J. E. GRAY. British Museum, Dec. 1862. Order AMPHIPODA. Tuer animals that constitute this Order of Crustacea exhibit the characters of the Class perhaps more perfectly typical than can be found in either of the others; for the type of a class or family is more commonly to be distinguished in its centre than at either ex- tremity of its development. The three divisions of the animal are distinctly marked. The cephalon, the pereion, and the pleon never encroach upon one another; and the appendages assume a characteristic form in each. The cephalon is never developed beyond its normal range, and appears to be scarcely larger than a single segment. It is never produced into a carapax. The pereion has seven segments, all dorsally perfect and seve- rally distinct. To the normal condition there are few exceptions. In the genus Dulichia the sixth and seventh segments are fused together; in Phrosina the first and second are so incorporated, whilst in Rhabdosoma cne segment is absent. The pleon has seven segments (the last rudimentary), severally distinct, and is capable of being double hcueath the pereion. To this normal condition there are exceptions. In Chelura the three penultimate segments are fused into one; in Cyrtophium and Dulichia the one preceding the telson is want- ing ; and in Caprella and the allied genera all the segments of the pleon are more or less imperfect or wanting. The appendages attached to the cephalon are more or less con- nected with the organs of sense. The eyes (@) are compound and sessile, and lodged between the bases of the two pairs of antenne. The tissue which covers them is not divided into facets. In Ampelisca the eyes appear like four simple organs rather than compound. In Westwoodia caecula the lenses of the organs are not appreciable. In some genera of the Hyprrrna the tissue over the organs of sight exhibits traces of being marked out into facets. The first or upper pair of antenne (>) consist of a peduncle of three articulations, and a terminal multiarticulate filament supplied with auditory cilia. Occasionally there is a second appendage, generally rudimentary, seldom important, but never supplied with auditory cilia: this secondary appendage exhibits its maximum ap- pearance in the Phowxides. The second or lower pair of antennz (c) possess a peduncle of five articulations, and a multiarticulate flagellum. The first two articulations of the peduncle, and sometimes the third, as in J'alitrus B 2 AMPHIPODA. and its near allies, are closely incorporated; these, except in the genus and its allies already mentioned, bear a stout tooth—the olfactory denticle. The terminal flagellum occasionally has the articulations fused together, and reduced to one or two; but this decrease in number is not connected with decrease of length, and is invariably attended with an increase of strength. Insome genera of the Hyrrerta both these pairs of organs possess such a rudimentary character that they are scercely capable of having their respective parts defined, and sometimes one or both may be absent. The mandibles (d) are placed between protecting labia, one an- terior, the other posterior; they consist of a pair of curved trian- gular blades, furnished with a cutting edge and a grinding tubercle. Each mandible is generally, but not universally, supplied with an articulated appendage. The first pair of maxille (¢) consist of three or four foliaceous plates, while the second pair (7) have but two; they are extremely delicate, and furnished upon their anterior margins with ciliated hairs, some of which are strengthened into spines of different forms. Exceptions to the normal character exist in the HypEerina. The maxillipeds (g) are the posterior pair of appendages attached to the cephalon ; they have the first two articulations foliaceous in their development, the rest not so; they overlap and protect all the preceding appendages of the mouth. Im the Hyprrina they only cover the posterior portion of the preceding. M. Milne-Edwards makes this one of the distinctive characters between Gammarrna and HYPERINA. The gnathopoda (h, 7) are the appendages of the first two seg- ments of the pereion; they are generally developed upon one type, the second (2) being the larger. The propodos (6), and sometimes the carpus (5), is enlarged into a hand, and the dactylos (7) is doubled back upon the posterior edge, which gives them prehensile power ; it is seldom that they attain the true cheliform claw, as found in the orders of Bracuyura and Macrovra. In a few instances they differ in general shape from each other. In Callisoma the second pair (h) are almost as perfectly cheliform as in the higher orders, while the anterior (7) are developed into a brush; and in Talitrus and Lysia- massa one pair are simple, the other subchelate. In Lembos and a few others the anterior pair are larger than the posterior. Both pairs are universally directed forwards throughout the Order; their coxze (1) are squamiform ; they are efficient organs for grasping, and are analogous, but not homologous, with the chele of the Ducapopa. The pereiopoda are the five succeeding pairs of appendages; they homologize with the five pairs of legs in Decaropa. The two ante- rior (k, 1) are developed upon one type, and assume a form interme- diate between the gnathopoda and the posterior pairs of pereiopoda ; they are seldom prehensile, generally of equal length, and always directed forwards, and have their coxe squamiform. The three posterior pairs (m, v, 0) resemble each other; they are seldom pre- hensile, generally unequal in length, have their coxee squamiform, AMPHIPODA. ri but much less developed than the preceding, and their basa (2) squamiform and largely developed; these are always directed back- wards. In the Aserrantia the coxe (1) are fused with the segments of the pereion to which they belong. These five pairs are the am- bulatory organs of the animal, and efficiently fulfil their design. The branchiz, consisting of a single saccular vesicle, are pendent from the coxa (1) of each limb, except the first gnathopoda, and sometimes the posterior pereiopoda, in the males. An incubatory pouch is formed by a single foliaceous plate, ciliated at the margins, being given off from the coxze of the four anterior limbs in the females ; in this the ova are deposited, and the young developed, until they have arrived at a period when they differ from the parent in but a limited degree ; except in the Hyrrrrna, where the form of the general con- tour of the larva differs much from that of the parent. The pleopoda, six in number, are developed upon two types. The three anterior pairs (p, g, 7) are placed within the lateral margins ; they consist of a uniarticulate peduncle, and two branches of multi- articulate flexible flagella, bearing a pair of plumose cilia on every articulation. The three succeeding pairs (s, t, w) are placed upon the latero-inferior margins, and consist of a uniarticulate peduncle that supports two branches, inflexible, generally uniarticulate, and styliform, fringed with strong hairs or spines. The posterior vary in form, and are a valuable assistant in the determination of species. In some of the Hyrrrrya they assume a foliaceous character. The anterior pleopoda (p,q, 7) are the organs by which the animal swims about, which it does both gracefully and actively. The posterior (s, ¢, w) enable it to dart from place to place with con- siderable energy: by folding the pleon close beneath the body and suddenly striking it out again, it springs to a considerable distance. This capability is wanting in the Anrrrantra, where the pleopoda are all either absent or rudimentary. The telson (z) is the rudiment of the last segment of the animal ; it is insignificant in its appearance, but a valuable aid in the defi- nition of genera, in consequence of the variety of forms that it undergoes ; its typical appearance is that of an acute-angled triangle, the apex being rounded off, or cleft. The average length of the Ampurropa is less than an inch. The largest specimen is about two inches and a half, the smallest about one-tenth of an inch. To compensate for their minute size, their importance is raised by their number. This increases towards the Arctic regions, where they are appropriated as food by the whales and other animals. The Order, as here described, is synonymous with the third tribe (Amputpopa) of Dana’s order of Cuortstoropa, and embraces the two orders of Ampurpopa and Lamoprropa in Milne-Edwards’s arrange- ment. The Ampurropa naturally separate into two groups,—the one being constant to the normal type of the Order, the other departing in many of its characteristics. We therefore arrange them respect- ively under the heads of Normatra and ABERRANTIA. B2 4 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Group NORMALIA. The coxee of the pereiopoda are squamiformly developed, generally large enough to protect the branchial sacs. The pleon is normally de- veloped. The three anterior pairs of pleopoda consist of ciliated, double-branched, multiarticulate, flexible appendages, which are used in swimming, and originate on the ventral surface. The three pos- terior pairs of pleopoda consist of stiff, generally double-branched stylets, of which the last pair vary more than the others, and some- times have the spines developed into hooks. The telson is formed of a single or double, unimportant, minute plate, sometimes furnished with hook-like spines. This group comprises the Order AmpHIpopA, as described by M. Milne-Edwards. It is divided into GamMariNa and HypErina, Division GAMMARINA. The upper antenne consist of a peduncle of three joints and a multiarticulate flagellum, with sometimes a secondary appendage originating at its base. The lower antenne consist of a peduncle of five joints (of which the first two are more or less fused together and bear the olfactory denticle) and a flagellum. The maxillipeds cover the preceding appendages of the mouth. One or both of the gnathopoda are subchelate. This division is synonymous with M. Edwards’s family of Creverrines, and that of Gammarrea of Dana. It is subdivided into Vacantra and Domrcoza,. Subdivision VAGANTIA. The lower antenn terminate like the superior; the spines upon the posterior pleopoda are never developed into hooks, but generally into fine hairs, except in the Satratorta. They construct no home to rest in, but move from place to place, some swimming or crawling in the sea, others hopping along the shore. This subdivision repre- sents M. Edwards’s tribe of Savreurs. It consists of the two tribes, SatraTorta and NaraToria. Tribe SALTATORIA. The posterior pair of pleopoda never exceed the preceding in length. The hairs on the entire animal are short and stiff. The mode of progression when out of the water is by leaps. The habits of the animals are terrestrial or subaquatic. This tribe contains but a single family. Fam. 1. ORCHESTIDA. The upper antenne are shorter than the lower, and not furnished with a secondary appendage. The mandibles are without an ap- ORCHESTID-X, oO pendage. The coxe are largely developed. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda are short and robust, the last unibranched. 1. TALITRUS. Talitrus, Latr. Hist. Crust. vi. p. 229. Orchestia, Fr. Miller, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1848. Upper antenne not reaching to the extremity of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antenne having the two basal articulations absorbed in the frontal wall of the head. Mandibles not palpigerous. Maxillipeds not unguiculate. First pair of gnathopoda not subcheliform in either sex ; second pair of gnathopoda rudimentary and imperfectly subcheliform in both sexes. Coxze of the third pair of pereiopoda almost as deep as those of the preceding pereiopoda, and divided into two equal scales. Posterior pleopoda unibranched. Telson single. The genus Orchestia was confounded for a long time with Talitrus. They were supposed to form one by Latreille, who founded this genus, They have been placed in the same position by naturalists of more recent celebrity. Miiller places the two genera in one, under the name of Orchestia. Professor Dana, in his great work on Crustacea, makes Talitrus a subgenus of Orchestia. 1. Talitrus Locusta. (Puate I. fig. 1.) B.M. Cancer Locusta, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 1055, and vol. iii. p. 760, Turton’s Edit. Cancer (Gammarus) saltator, Montagu, Linn. Trans. ix. t. 4. f. 3. Talitrus Locusta, Latr. Hist. Crust. vi. 229. Leach, Linn. Trans. xi. 356; Edinb. Encyc. art. Crustaceology. Talitrus Locusta, Desm. Cons. t. 45. f. 2. Risso, Faune de 0 Europe Méridionale. Guérin, Expéd. Scient. de Morée, iii. pt. 5. sect. 2. p. 44. Brébisson, Cat. des Crust. du Calvados, 1815. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 160; Cat. Brit. Mus. 1850. Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus. 1847. Gosse, Mar. Zool. vol. i. p. 142. Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Talitrus saltator, Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. xx. 364; Hist. des Crust. iii. Incas, Expéd. dans 0 Algérie. Talitrus litforalis, Leach, Edinb. Encyc. art. Crust. Second pair of feet feeble, terminating in an imperfect subcheliform hand. The dactylos small, and articulating remotely from the extremity of the propodos. The posterior pair of pleopoda very short. ‘Telson rudimentary. The cephalon is large and well developed. The line demonstrating a union between the antennal and mandibular rings is distinct. The eyes are very large, and appear near the top of the cephalon— 6 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the result of the absorption of part of the lower antenne within the head, thus driving, as it were, the eyes upwards. The upper antenne are deficient of the auditory cilia—organs which appear to be peculiarly adapted for the transmission of a vibrating sensation, such as sound, when water instead of air is the medium. The lower antenne in the male are considerably longer than in the female; in the former they are often as long as the entire animal, whereas in the latter they reach to about two-thirds. I say often, in reference to the antennz in the male, since the extreme length of the organs appears to be reached only in the older animals. We often meet with individuals quite as large, in which the antennee are not so long, The exposed portion of the lower antenne consists only of three articulations to the peduncle. The first two, throughout the genus, are absorbed in the head (Pl. I. fig. 1c), and are not visible on a lateral inspection. The olfactory denticle is not present, the organ most probably being altered in form, and perhaps character, to meet the peculiar conditions of its existence, since, unlike most other Am- phipoda, the Talitrt never enter the water. The mandibles are very powerful, and supplied with a large molar tubercle furnished with rows of minute denticles on the surface. The biting extremity in each mandible is supplied with a double row of denticles, both formed upon one type; the inner row is supported upon a plate that is moveable. Between the apex of the mandible and the molar prominence are a few strong, curved, hairy spines directed towards the cesophagus. The mandibles are not furnished with an articulated appendage, which suggests the idea that land species may not require certain parts that are necessary to those which frequent water, whilst those parts which are required are more perfected in order to fulfil their proper functions. The maxillipeds are non-unguiculate—that is, the last articulation is not produced to a point or nail—and furnished with a few hairs. There are short stout teeth upon the apex of the plate or squamiform process of the ischium. The whole apparatus formed by these gnathic organs is pro- jected,—a circumstance which enables the animal the easier to gather its food from fixed positions, and in this respect differs from those that feed upon materials suspended in water. It is from this pecu- liar form of the mouth (which in its protrusion much resembles that of the Locust) that, according to Leach, they derive their specific name of Locusta. The first pair of gnathopoda are simple in the gerus, and in this species are stronger than the second; or it would be more correct to observe that the second are weaker than the first, and are generally tucked up beneath the pereion, and are probably seldom used. The coxe of the four anterior pairs of legs are nearly as deep as the pereion. The fifth is scarcely less deep than the fourth, but is con- siderably broader, and divided into two equal plates, an anterior and a posterior, the ischium articulating in the intermediate cleft; the ORCHESTID.E. 7 entire leg is shorter than the two posterior, which are subequal. The coxee of the fifth and sixth are small. The two antepenultimate pairs of pleopoda are, in form, com- mon to the genus; the posterior is reduced in 7’. Locusta to almost a rudimentary stage, terminating in a solitary branch; in fact, the animal appears, without close inspection, to have but two pairs only, The telson is absent or obsolete. We believe that this must be pe- euliar to this species. The alimentary canal debouches in the position of the telson, on either side of which a few spines are situated, fixed upon a calcareous - base—the rudiments of the obsolete telson. The hairs or spines which are appended to the legs and other portions of the body are of a similar form over the whole animal, with the exception of a few on the oral appendages. Although constructed upon the same type in many of this family, yet their exact form is capable of identification in this species. They are short, stout, and strong, terminating in a round, blunt extremity, with a second appendage of similar appearance considerably smaller originating not far from the point. They both assume traces of a spiral character towards the apex. The microscopic structure of the integument exhibits traces of the original cell-development and the granular arrangement of the salts within the tissue,—besides which there are certain markings, peculiar to the species, of a T-shape; these do not appear to be pores, and have no apparent connexion with any peculiar function. The last three articulations of the pleon, with their styliform appendages, complete the animal. The pleon lies inflected beneath the pereion, from whence being forcibly expanded, it becomes a powerful lever. By this means the animals can spring to a con- siderable distance,—a mode of progression of much value to them, since they are inhabitants of dry land. The Tualitri dwell upon sandy shores near the level of spring-tide high-water mark, beneath old sea-weed or any rubbish that prevents the too speedy evaporation of moisture. “In the fermenting and half-rotten beds of Algz (chiefly Laminaria) at or above ordinary high-tide level,’ writes Mr. Gosse to me, “ I used to find the crustacea, at the depth of several inches in these heaps, along with dipterous larvee, where it was so hot with fermentation that I could scarcely bear my hand in it.” In the absence of such protection they generally burrow beneath the sand to a depth of about three inches, more or less, according to the dryness of the surface. Above their abodes may frequently be observed small round perforations in the sand, which form the entrance to their homes. From these places of concealment they come out to feed under the rejectamenta of the sea, but skip to their holes at the approach of danger. Say also observes of Or- chestia Gryllus, that “ when alarmed it will seize a portion of its food and skip with it towards its hole in the sand.” Col. Montagu noticed that they retire in the coldest weather of winter to a place of hybernation, or rather, perhaps, a position which 8 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. protects them from the cold. This hypothesis agrees with my own observation ; for during the cold weather of the winter of 1843-44, I endeayoured to find them in Whitsand Bay, Plymouth, and failed, as did also my friend Mr. Barlee, at Exmouth, who noticed their general absence. The Yalitri are carnivorous in their feeding, being one of our shore-cleansers, by devouring the animal matter thrown up by the sea. I once noticed a number of these crustacea* congregated toge- ther beneath a stone, busy in devouring a common earth-worm, on Loughor Marsh, Glamorganshire. My friend Mr. Swain told me that, some years since, he was one of a pienic party at Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth, when he observed the shore covered, not by hundreds or thousands, but literally by cart- loads of these crustacea. A lady’s handkerchief which was dropped for a few minutes was perceived, upon being recovered, to be per- forated by myriads of small holes, the work of these creatures, who moreover preyed upon each other, every weak one being instantly devoured by the rest; and in their turn these became food for birds, which devoured them greedily. The birds are not their only enemies. Mr. White, in his valuable ‘ Manual of British Crustacea,’ states, upon the authority of Mr. Haliday, that they are devoured by Cillenum laterale ; and Mr. Reading of Plymouth informs me that they also fall a prey to a little beetle (Broscus cephalotes) that exists upon the shores. Their colour, when alive, is a light fawn, often marked with black upon the back, which changes to a bright red when the animal is dead and dried in the air and sun. Talitrus Locusta is to be met with most probably on all the sandy shores of the temperate zone of western Europe. In our own country we have received them from the Moray Frith, in Scotland, where, the Rev. G. Gordon says, they are to be met with in great abundance. We have noticed them common in the south of England and Wales; and Mr. W. Thomson and Professor Kinahan record them in Ireland; so that perhaps the noticeable fact would be their absence, In other parts of Europe, Milne-Edwards records them from St. Malo, and says they inhabit the north and west coasts of France. M. Guérin states that he has taken them in the Bay of Laconia in Greece; Risso has found them at Nice; and M. Lucas brought some home from Algiers. This is one of the most perfect land-species that we have among the Amphipoda, being in its habits purely terrestrial, never having been taken in the water: yet a certain amount of saline moisture appears necessary to lubricate the external covering of the branchial organs; therefore, though living on land, they have, like all crus- tacea, a purely aquatic character. They are vulgarly known as Sand-hoppers, from their great leaping powers. In France, according to Edwards, they have con- * Tt was some years since. I do not recollect examining the animals closely ; they might have been Orchestie. ORCHESTID 2, 9 ferred upon them the popular name of Sea-fleas (Puces de ier). The origin of the generic name Jalitrus signifies a “ fillip.” 2. Talitrus brevicornis. (Puare I. a. fig. 6.) Talitrus brevicorne, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 15. Talitrus brevicornis, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. pl. 56. f. 6. Of this species I have seen no specimen. The figure of the parts which is given is taken from Dana’s ‘ Exploring Expedition of the United States.’ Edwards says that it is very like Talitrus Locusta, but that the antenne are shorter, so much so that they barely extend to the third segment of the pereion. The upper antenna in Dana’s figure reaches beyond the extremity of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. The female only of this species is known. Dana likewise considers it a true Talitrus, unless it should be the female of Talorchestia Quoyana. It is taken on the coasts of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Edwards; Dana). 3. Talitrus platycheles. (Puaru I. a. fig. 1.) Talitrus platycheles, Guérin, Expéd. Scient. de Morée, t. iii. pt. 1. sect. 2. p. 44, pl. 27. fig. 4. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. tii. p- 15. Of this species I have likewise not seen any specimen ; but, by the kindness of M. Guérin, I have seen his original drawing, and com- pared it with the figure in his work, from which the one in our plate is taken. The great difference, according to the author, between this species and the type of the genus, exists in the somewhat larger proportion of the second gnathopod in relation to the first. M. Guérin considered this so important a feature that he formed a division in the genus Talitrus to receive the new species, and doubted whether he was justified in not making a genus for its recep- tion. He placed the Talitri that had the first gnathopod larger than the second in Division A, of which the Yalitrus Locusta formed the type; those that had the gnathopoda equal, he placed in Divi- sion B, of which 7’. platycheles formed the type ; and lastly, those that had the second gnathopod larger than the first, he placed in Division C, of which he made Talitrus Cloquetii the type; but this last is a true Orchestia. The relative proportion of the second pair of gnathopoda to the first is in itself scarcely enough to warrant its being more than a variety, particularly as, according to M. Edwards’s description, the limb bears the impoverished character as in Locusta, being ‘ flat, of a membra- nous consistence, and without spines.” But a more important distinction exists in the absence of the dac- tylos of the second pair of gnathopoda. 10 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. The inferior antenne also show a distinction, in the last articula- tion of the peduncle not being longer than the preceding. There is another point which, from its anomalous character, must not be overlooked, though, if we can believe it possible that so great and cautious an observer as M. Guérin-Méneville could have been mistaken, I should be inclined to think it to be a misconception. M. Guérin has figured the mandible with a very minute append- age. This is a feature that is absent not only from the genus, but from the whole tribe of SanrarorrA,—a cireumstance that must either remove 7’. platycheles out of the family of Orchestide, or induce an entire revision of the tribe. Not having had the opportunity of dissecting the animal myself, I prefer, after recording the arcum- stance, allowing it to remain in the genus to which the author assigned it, rather than risk any alteration. Hab. Mediterranean; Genoa, and Corsican Sea (Guérin). Ed- wards records it from Greece and Italy. The specimen is preserved in the collection of M. Guérin-Méneville. | Doubtful species. Talitrus Niczensis. Talitrus Nicensis, Resso, Faune de ? Europe Méridionale*. Supposing this to be a Talitrus, there is nothing in Risso’s deserip- tion that is not consistent with its being the female of Locusta or of platycheles, or a variety of either. Hab. Neighbourhood of Nice (Risso). 2. ORCHESTOIDEA. Orchestoidea, Nicolet in Gay’s Historia de Chile, iii. Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1858. Megalorchestia, Brandt, Bulletin Physico-mathémat. de 0 Acad. de St. Pétersb. ix. 311. Stimpson, Journ. of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. vol. vi. Talitronus, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sei. Bost. ii. 202. This genus differs from Yalitrus, as exhibited in J. Locusta, in having the second pair of gnathopoda developed in the male as large as in the male of the genus Orchestia, whereas the female is a true Talitrus, and carries the second pair of gnathopoda, in an enfeebled condition, beneath the pereion. 1. Orchestoidea? Novi Zealandiz. (Puare I. fig. 2.) Orchestia (Talitrus) Novi Zealandize, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. pl. 56. f. 5. Female.—Eyes round, small. Superior antenne reaching to the ex- tremity of the penultimate articulation of the inferior antenne. * T. eorpore glaberrimo, hyalino, vitreo pellucido; oculis purpureo-nigris ; antennis, pedibus tarsisque violascentibus. ORCHESTIDE, 1] Inferior antenne half as long as the animal; the ultimate seg- ment of the peduncle longer than the penultimate. First pair of gnathopoda very long. This animal can only be provisionally received into this genus, as the description is taken from the figure of a female given by Dana. When the male is known, we shall be able to ascertain its true character. There appears to be no insurmountable barrier to its being a variety only of Talitrus brevicornis, from which the descrip- tion hardly differs in a specific degree. Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand (Dana). 2. Orchestoidea scabripes. (Pxave I. fig. 3.) oo scabripes, Stimpson, Journ. of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. vol, V1. ee _ alitrus) scabripes, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 860, pl. 57. f. 4. “« Male.—Body smooth. Coxze rather large, fifth hardly shorter than fourth. Eyes large, a little reniform. Inferior antenne very long, much longer than body, last joint of base more than twice the preceding in length, flagellum longer than the base, twenty- to twenty-two-jointed, the joints long, the sete shorter than the diameter of the joints. First pair of gnathopoda, third and following pairs of pereiopoda scabrous over the surface with minute spinules, and these legs, excepting first pair of gnathopoda, having also some longer spinules or sete ; first pair of gnathopoda simply unguiculate; the claw quite small, one-third the pre- ceding joint in length; second pair with a very large subtrian- gular hand, the palm oblique, scabrous, and haying an emar- gination adjoining the base of the dactylos, dactylos long and very much curved; first and second pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; three posterior pairs gradually increasing in length; carpus nearly straight. Caudal stylets with numerous sete, outer branch of first pair naked. “ Length eleven to twelve lines.” Hab. Puget’s Sound (Stimpson ; Dana). 3. Orchestoidea Fischerii. Orchestia Fischerii, Edw. Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. ii. sp. 362. Guérin, Iconograph. Crust. pl. 26, f. 3. Edw. Hist. des Crust, t. iii. p. 19. pl. 29. f. 4. Guérin, Exp. Sc. Morée. Male.—Kyes small and round. Superior antennz very short, broad at the base. Inferior antennzx about one-third the entire length of the animal; the penultimate articulation of the peduncle very short; the ultimate about three times as long as the preceding. 12 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. First pair of gnathopoda long and slender; the second having the propodos in the male developed into a large hand, of which the palm embraces nearly the whole length of one side, and furnished near the middle with a stout protuberance. The fourth pair of pereiopoda are considerably longer than either the pre- ceding or succeeding pairs, and have the basos developed into a monstrous squamiform plate. The three anterior segments of the pleon are each armed dorsally with a pair of teeth posteriorly directed, one upon each side of the median line. In consequence of the large squamiform processes of the fourth pair of pereiopoda, M. Edwards made a division in the genus Or- chestia to separate it from the more normal form, where the great development does not take place. Hab. Bay of Calamati near Petalidi, Morea (Guérin). In the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. 4. Orchestoidea tuberculata. Orchestoidea tuberculata, Nicolet, Gay’s Historia de Chile, iui. pl. 2. f. 4. Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xx. 524, 1857. Talitrus insculpta, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. pl. 57. f. 1. Talitrus ornatus (2), Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sct. Bost. ii. 201. Talitronus insculptus ( ¢), Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 202. Orchestia tuberculata, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 1595 (addenda). Male.—Body tuberculate. Inferior antenne reaching to about two- thirds the length of the animal; the ultimate articulation of the peduncle longer than the penultimate. Second pair of gnatho- poda in the male having the propodos largely developed, of a some- what oval shape, with a deep notch in the centre of the palm. The coxee of the third pair of pereiopoda are not so deep as the preceding, either in Nicolet’s or Dana’s figure. ‘« Female.—Segments of cephalon and pereion smooth, slightly sulcate. Coxa and basos of each of the six posterior legs slightly sulcato- areolate. Inferior antenne hardly half as long as body; joints of the flagellum transverse. Second pair of gnathopoda with a small propodos, which is nearly elliptical; dactylos minute and articu- lated with the propodos by the dorsal margin, lying longitudinally, hardly reaching to the apex. In other characters like the male.” The segments of the pereion and anterior part of the pleon are studded with tubercles ; these tubercles appear to be ranged in rows, generally two on each segment, and are continued down upon the cox. In Dana’s figure the tubercles appear to have become con- fluent, and form minute ridges: still the animal is too marked to be mistaken for any other. Hab. Coast of Chili (Gay); Valparaiso (Dana). ORCHESTID®. 13 5. Orchestoidea Pugettensis. (Prare II. fig. 3.) Bo yr (Talitrus) Pugettensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 859, P “‘ Female-—Body smooth. Coxe of moderate size, fifth hardly shorter than fourth. Eyes round. Inferior antenne not longer than half the body, flagellum hardly as long as base, the joints numerous, transverse, the setules not a semidiameter of joints in length, base partly scabrous; superior pair one-third as long as base of inferior. Anterior feet simply unguiculate, penult joint scabrous; claw short, half as long as preceding joint, hand of second pair narrow subelliptic, dactylos marginal, longitudinal, reaching nearly to apex of hand, third joint sparingly oblong, having a seemingly two-jointed process below, the extremity narrow and subacute. Ten posterior feet (pereiopoda) armed with numerous short sete in sets, but not scabrous, the sete hardly as long as breadth of joints; fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; third pair of pereiopoda one-third shorter. Caudal stylets with numerous setules, outer branch of. first pair naked. Length eight lines.” Hab, Puget’s Sound (Dana). - 6. Orchestoidea Brasiliensis. (Pxare II. fig. 4.) etn (Talitrus) Brasiliensis, Dana, U.S, Explor. Exped. p. 757, Pp Female.—Body smooth. Inferior antenne not half as long as the body; flagellum hardly as long as the base, about sixteen- jointed, joints slightly oblong, sete few, hardly as long as dia- meter of joints; superior pair very short, half shorter than base of inferior, flagellum three-jomted. Feet with short sete, those of fifth (propodos) joint of three posterior pairs not longer than diameter of joint; first pair of gnathopoda longer than second, ending in a curved claw, which is a little shorter than preceding joint ; propodos of second pair semiovate, the upper margin straight ; minute dactylos ending remote from apex, longitudinal in posi- tion, meros half shorter than fourth carpus, rectangulate below ; third pair of pereiopoda half shorter than the fourth, fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda subequal, sixth joint quite narrow, the setules of upper and under margins about equal, and in six or seven sets. - . ** Male.—First pair of gnathopoda as in female; second with a large propodos, which is subovate, the palm ending in a low angle, 14 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. and not concave, nor emarginate, not toothed, but set with spinules ; finger long, carpus very transverse, third joint rectan- gular, a little oblong, naked. ‘« Length six lines. ‘‘ Hab. Rio Janeiro; dredged in the harbour.” ( Dana.) 7. Orchestoidea Californiana. Megalorchestia Californiana, Brandt, Bulletin Physico-Mathématique del Acad. de St. Pétersbourg, ix. 311. Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. I have not seen either the animal or Brandt’s description ; I there- fore give the following from Mr. Stimpson’s memoir “ On the Crus- tacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Shores of America,” pub- lished in the ‘Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ vol. vi. :— ‘«‘ This differs from O. scabripes, among other characters, in the great length of the fifth epimeral” (coxa of the third pereiopod), «and in having the outer branch of the first pair of caudal stylets equally spinulose with the inner one. The feet are not scabrous, while the antenne are so on a considerable portion of their surface.” “ Hab. Bogeda ( Wonessenski) ; Monterey (T'aylor).” 3. TALORCHESTIA, Dana. This genus differs from Talitrus in haying the first pair of gna- thopoda subcheliform in the male, as in Orchestia, and the second developed largely, as in the male of Orchestoidea and Orchestia, whereas in the female the first gnathopoda are simple, as in Jali- trus, and the second feeble and unimportant, as in the normal Talitri. This genus was founded by Dana for certain species that Fr. Miller first discovered, the males of which were true Orchestie, whereas the females were perfect Talitri. This circumstance Prof. Dana having corroborated, induced him to divide the group which Miller had united into the genus Orchestia, into three equal sub- genera, viz. Talitrus, Talorchestia, and Orchestia,—the first being true Talitri; the second were Talttri in the males, and Orchestie in the females ; and the third were true Orchestiw. This arrangement was followed by myself in the Synopsis of the British Edriophthal- mia; but I have thought, since I found that Nicolet, Brandt, and Stimpson had divided the genus TYaltrus into two genera, viz. Talitrus and Orchestoidea, that the arrangement now given is more in accordance with nature than the adoption of subgeneric groups, which I am inclined to think should be as much as possible avoided in classification. ORCHESTID.2. 15 1. Talorchestia gracilis. (Puartw LI. fig. 5.) “ee gracilis, Dana, U.S, Explor. Exped. p. 861, T itrus gracilis, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci, Bost. ii. 201 (female). « Female —Coxe large; the fifth pair hardly shorter than fourth. Inferior antennze much longer than half the body, sete very short (half shorter than diameter of antenna); flagellum much longer than base, joints a little oblong. Superior antennz about one-third as long as base of inferior. Anterior pair of gnatho- poda rather stout, with quite a small claw, and the ischium, meros, carpus, and propodos subequal. Second pair shorter than first, carpus prominent behind; propodos lamellar, rounded at apex, nearly naked, concave on anterior side, and having on this margin towards apex a minute dactylos. First pair of pereiopoda much longer than second; last three pairs gradually increase in length, rather slender, basos of each narrow-elliptic, and edged with minute spinules, other joints with very short sete at small intervals on the opposite sides; posterior pair of pereiopoda considerably longer than fourth, very much longer than those of third; the setules of the propodos numerous, and not one-third as long on either margin as the diameter of the joint. ‘“« Male.—Inferior antennz longer than the body; flagellum a little longer than the base, about thirty-jointed. First pair of gna- thopoda with a small, narrow propodos, the dactylos minute, and acting against the truncate apical margin, and hardly longer than this margin. Feet of second pair having a large ovate hand; lower margin convex, entire, and spinulose ; finger a little shorter than hand. Carpus minute; third joint slightly oblong. “ Length about half an inch. “« Hab, Sandy shores of a small coral island in the Balabac Passage.” ( Dana.) 2. Talorchestia? Africana, n.s. (Puate II. fig. 6.) B.M. Female.—Eyes small. Superior antennze as long as the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenn nearly half as long as the animal. First pair of gnathopoda short. Second pair of gnathopoda long and slender ; propodos cylindrical, and terminating in a round extremity, on the side of which the dactylos articulates rather remotely; the carpus is longer than the propodos, and furnished with a tubercle at the extremity furthest from the animal. The coxm of the third pair of pereiopoda very broad, embracing the width of nearly three segments of the body, and as deep as the preceding. Length }4ths of an inch. 16 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. There is only a female in the Collection of the British Museum ; but the great length of the superior antennwe have induced me to place it in this genus rather than in Talitrus. It may be the female of the Orchestia that Krauss supposed to be O. Botte. Hab, Port Natal (Gueinzius). 3. Talorchestia Quoyana. (Puare II. fig. 7.) B.M. Orchestia Quoyana, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. t. xx. p. 362; Regne Anim. pl. 59; Hist. des. Crust. t. iii. p. 19. Guérin, Icon. Crust. pl. 26. f. 3. Talorchestia Quoyana, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 846. Upper antenne reaching beyond the extremity of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the inferior antenne, which is about half the length of the ultimate. Lower antenne about half the length of the animal, and the flagellum about half the length of the antenne. First pair of gnathopoda in the male having the propodos much shorter than the carpus; the palm is nearly at right angles with the length of the propodos ; the limb is covered with many short hairs. Second pair of gnathopoda in the male having the propodos developed into a broad stout hand, the palm of which is furnished with two large teeth, stout and pointed. Length 1%ths of an inch. In Dana’s figure the teeth on the palm are given longer and slighter than in the specimens in the Paris and British Museums. One tooth is not far from the joint of the dactylos, the other antagonizes with the extremity of the dactylos. The female is not known. Hab. New Zealand. “Bay of Islands, New Zealand” (Dana). 4. Talorchestia pollicifera. Orchestia pollicifera, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1855. «* Male.—With stout inferior antenne, the flagella of which form one- third of theirlength. First pair of gnathopoda small, chelate, with the penult and antepenult articulations produced below into thumb- like processes ; second pair with ovate hands of moderate size. «< Female—With slender inferior antenne ; flagella 12-articulate ; superior ones as long as the first two joints of the others. First pair of gnathopoda simple ; second pair with small hands, having a minute lateral finger. Colour pale brownish ; eyes rather small, round, black. Caudal stylets short; rami subconical. ‘«‘ Length three-fifths of an inch. “ Hab. Loo Choo.” (Stimpson.) We have not seen this species; but the first pair of gnathopoda being simple places it in this genus. ORCHESTID.®. 17 4. ORCHESTIA, Leach. This genus, founded by Dr. Leach, is separated from the last by avery slight natural distinction. The first pair of gnathopoda possess a subcheliform character in Orchestia, whilst in Yalitrus and Or- chestoidea they are simple. The connexion is drawn still closer by the intermediate form, 7'alorchestia, in which the females possess the generic features of Yalitrus, while the males retain those of Or- chestia. The two very distinct genera of Orchestia and Talitrus are but the opposite extremities of the same natural group. The antenne resemble those of the three preceding genera; but we have not detected a sexual variation, as in Valitrus Locusta. The first pair of gnathopoda exhibit the generic separation from Talitrus ; they possess a subcheliform character, alike in form in both sexes, and do not appear to be very important organs. The whole animal is more compressed than TJlitrus, and is most commonly found of a dull greenish colour. 1. Orchestia Aucklandiz, n.s. (Puare I. a. fig. 3.) Male.—Eyes very small, round. Superior antenne reaching to the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenn nearly one-third the length of the animal. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos, with a tubercle on the inferior margin ; the palm produced into a rounded tubercle. Second pair of gnathopoda broader at the palm than at the carpus; palm slightly oblique, the inferior half raised higher than the half nearest the base of the dactylos, and fringed with short, equidistant, solitary hairs; a notch near the inferior angle separates a tooth from the rest of the palm; dactylos exca- vated near the base. Female.—tThe first pair of gnathopoda differ from those of the male in being longer and slighter; the second pair of gnathopoda in having the carpus longer than the propodos, and not inferiorly tubereulated. The animal is generally very smooth, clean, and free from hairs. Length rather more than an inch. Hab. Auckland. The specimen from which the species is described was procured during the Expedition of the Astrolabe, and, with many others, was kindly entrusted to me for examination by M. Milne-Edwards. It is preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. 2. Orchestia Fuegensis, n.s. (Prare I. a. fig. 2.) Male.—Kyes very small, round. Superior antennie nearly as long as the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne not one-fourth - 18 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the length of the animal ; peduncle as longas the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda having a prominent tubercle at the inferior margin of the carpus and the propodos ; the palm not oblique, and much longer than the breadth of the joint; dactylos curved, shorter than palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the pro- podos ovate, palm oblique, rather more than the inferior half raised, as in O, Aucklandie, and fringed with one long and two short solitary hairs alternately. Female.—First pair of gnathopoda with the propodos having the infe- rior margin parallel with the superior ; palm short ; dactylos longer than the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos and carpus subequal, and not tuberculated. Length scarcely half an inch. Hab. Port Famine. This animal is generally much more spinous than 0. Aucklandie. The specimen from which this species was taken was procured during the Expedition of the Zélée, and is preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. 3. Orchestia longicornis. (Puxaze ITI. fig. 1.) B.M. Orchestia longicornis, Say, Proc. Acad. Philad. vol. i. pt. 2. p. 386. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 18. Male.—Eyes large. Upper antenne reaching to the end of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antenne nearly as long as the animal; the peduncle about half the length of the antenne ; the last joint twice the length of the penultimate. First pair of gnathopoda with the carpus nearly as long again as the propodos, and furnished with a small tubercle ; dactylos longer than the palm. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda largely developed, the palm being concave or hollow. ‘The third pair of pereiopoda robust, and shorter than the two posterior. Length 1 inch. Hab. New Jersey (Say, by whom the specimen, from which our figure is taken, was presented to the Museum). 4, Orchestia Gryllus. (Puare III. fig. 2.) B.M. Orchestia Gryllus, Bose, Crust. ii. t. 15. f. 1, 2. Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. i. 586. Scamballa Sayana, Leach MS., and in White's Cat. Crust. in B.M. Upper antenne reaching slightly beyond the extremity of the penul- timate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antennz about one-third the length of the animal ; last joint of the peduncle longer than the preceding. The first pair of gnathopoda having the carpus somewhat longer than the propodos; the palm enlarged; dactylos ORCHESTID®. 19 as long as the palm; an elongated tubercle upon the carpus. The second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos large, ovate ; palm convex, without a tooth, against which the smooth dactylos impinges closely. The three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, the last being perhaps the longest; the basos of the last two members have their posterior margins round and smooth. Length $i ths of an inch. Hab. Sandy beaches on coast of United States. The specimen from which the figure and description are taken was presented to the British Museum by Mr. Thomas Gay. 5. Orchestia Platensis. (Pxarw III. fig. 3.) B.M. Orchestia Platensis, Kroyer, Natur. Tidsk. p. 304, 1844. Fr, Miilier, Wiegm. Arch. 1848. Orchestia Tristensis, Leach, MS. B.M., and White's Cat. of Crust. in BM. Upper antenne reaching beyond the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antennze about one- third the length of the animal; the flagellum half as long as the peduncle, the last joint of which is longer than the preceding one. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos and carpus nearly equal in length; the palm but slightly enlarged; dactylos as long as the palm; a small tubercle exists on the carpus. The second pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos large, ovate ; palm convex, without a tooth, against which the smooth dactylos impinges closely ; third pair of pereiopoda nearly as long as the fourth, and the fourth as long as the fifth; the squamiform basos in each of the last two members has the posterior margin smooth. Nat. size }6ths of an inch. Hab. Monte Video (Kréyer); Island of Tristan d’Acunha. Pre- sented by Capt. Carmichael. In comparing this species with the last, I can detect nothing that warrants their specific distinction beyond the fact of one being in the northern and the other in the southern hemisphere, with the wide zone of the tropics between them, from which, as yet, no species of Orchestia has been recorded. The description given by Fr. Miiller of 0. Platensis agrees with the specimen marked T’ristensis in the British Museum in all respects, excepting that O. Platensis has the posterior pair of pereiopoda dilated, as is the case with aged males in some species. 6. Orchestia Traskiana. (Puare III. fig. 4.) B.M. Orchestia Traskiana, Stimpson, Proc, Cal. Acad. Nat. Sev. 1.90; Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. Male.—Eyes not large. Upper antennex reaching to the extremity c2 20 AMPHIPODA NORMALTIA. of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antennz more than one-third the length of the animal ; the flagellum as long as the peduncle. The first pair of gnathopoda having the palm of the propodos broad, with a notch near the base of the dactylos, which is shorter than the palm; a large tubercle is produced upon the carpus, and a small one upon the meros. The second pair of gnathopoda large, ovate ; palm convex, without teeth, spinous, terminating in a slight notch, which receives the apex of the smooth curved dactylos. Length ths of an inch. “In the female the first pair of gnathopoda resemble those of the male, except in being smaller, having less produced lobes, and a comparatively longer dactylos ; those of the second pair with a small elongated propodos, with a rounded extremity, and a rudimentary dactylos applied at about the middle of the lower edge. In both, the fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda are about equal in length. Eyes rounded, black. Colour light grey, sometimes greenish or brownish, always very pale.’ (Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vi.) Hab. San Francisco (Stimpson). The figure and description of the male have been taken from a specimen sent to me by the author. 7. Orchestia Nove-Zealandiz, n.s. (Puare III. fig.5.) B.M. Female.—Upper antennz reaching beyond the extremity of the penultimate joint of the lower. Lower antenne more than half as long as the animal; the flagellum longer than the peduncle, and spinous; the penultimate is nearly as long as the ultimate joint of the peduncle. The first pair of gnathopoda having the propodos well developed, and longer than the carpus; dactylos scarcely longer than the palm. The second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos and carpus about equal in length ; the dactylos falls considerably short of the extremity of the propodos. Third pair of pereiopoda as long as the fourth and fifth; basos long. Length .3,ths of an inch. Hab. New Zealand. Presented by Captain Bolton. 8. Orchestia Telluris, n. s. B.M. (Prats III. fig. 6, male. Prats IV. fig. 4, female.) Maie.—Kyes round, large. Upper antenne reaching rather beyond the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antenne short, being scarcely one-fourth the length of the animal; the flagellum not quite so long as the peduncle; the ORCHESTID.Z. 7 penultimate joint of the peduncle shorter than the ultimate. The first pair of gnathopoda having the carpus a little longer than the propodos, and furnished with a small protuberance ; dactylos slight, and reaching beyond the extremity of the palm, which itself is considerably produced. The second pair of gnathopoda having the hand triangular, with an indentation in the palm corresponding to a protuberance in the dactylos. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Fifth very much longer; the carpus on the fifth pair of pereiopoda is furnished with a squamiform plate of consider- able dimensions, which is concave on the side next the animal, and convex upon the opposite. Length $ths of an inch. Female.—Upper antenne reaching to the extremity of the penul- timate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. The first pair of gnathopoda having the palm of the propodos convex: there is an indentation in the meros, as if it received the extremity of the pro- podos when folded in (the specimen was a dried one ; hence this may be a doubtful specific diagnosis). The dactylos of the second pair of gnathopeda articulates remotely from the apex of the propodos, which is turned up at the extremity. The fifth coxa as deep as the fourth. The basos of each of the three posterior pereiopoda is serrated posteriorly, and furnished with short, sharp, stout hairs anteriorly. Carpus of the posterior pair of pereiopoda not largely developed. Length ;4ths of an inch. Hab. New Zealand. The specimens of this species were taken under dead leaves in the woods by Mr. Hook, during the voyage of the Erebus and Terror, and presented to the British Museum. 9. Orchestia sylvicola. (Pxrarx III. fig. 7.) B.M. Orchestia sylvicola, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sct. ii. 202; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 874, pl. 59. f. 2, 3. Male.—¥yes round, not large. Upper antenne long, reaching be- yond the penultimate joint of the lower. Lower antenne slight, more than half the length of the animal; the flagellum as long as the peduncle, the last joint of which is as long again as the penultimate. The first pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos but little shorter than the carpus; a large tubercle is present on the meros and carpus, and the extremity of the propodos is broadly developed ; dactylos not longer than the palm. Propodos of the second pair of 22 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. gnathopoda long, with the palm forming two-thirds of the inferior margin, Third pair of pereiopoda nearly as long as the fourth. Length 42ths of an inch. Hab. New Zealand. Voyage of the Erebus and Terror (Siw J. C. Loss). This species was first described by Prof. Dana, who procured it, during the United States’ Exploring Expedition, “ from moist soil in the bottom of the extinct voleano of Taiamai, twenty miles from the sea, and about the joints of succulent plants.” The specimen from which our figure is taken has been in the British Museum for many years. It was found associated with O. Telluris. 10. Orchestia megalophthalma. (Puarz III. fig. 8.) B.M. Orchestia megalophthalmus, Leach MS., and White's Cat. Crust. B.M. Male.—Eyes round, very large, almost meeting on the top of the head. Upper antenne reaching quite to the end of the penultimate joint of the lower. Lower antenne one-third the length of the animal ; peduncle rather longer than the flagellum, the last joint of which is longer than the penultimate. The carpus of the first pair of gnathopoda longer than the propodos ; a prominent tubercle on the carpus; the dactylos slight, and longer than the palm of the propodos ; the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda having the palm slightly rounded. Third pair of pereiopoda scarcely half as long as the two posterior. Length }3ths of an inch. Hab. Unknown. 11. Orchestia Cloquetii. (Pxavx IV. fig. 1.) Orchestia Cloquetii, (Audowin) Savigny, Egypte, Crust. pl. 11. f. 9. Talitrus Cloquetii, Edw. Ann. des Se. Nat. t. xx. p. 864; Hist. des Crust. t. i. p. 15, Guérin-Meéneville, Expéd. Se. de Morée, t. iii. p. 1. Upper antenne reaching quite to the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antennz about one- fourth the length of the animal; the flagellum as long as the peduncle, of which the ultimate segment is slightly longer than the preceding. The first pair of gnathopoda are short, and deve- loped at the extremity into a minute hand. The second pair of gnathopoda have the propodos but slightly developed in breadth, so that the hand is formed by the impinging of the dactylos upon an articulation that is scarcely larger than the rest of the limb. Hab. Egypt (Savigny). ORCHESTID.&. 23 M. Guerin, mistaking this species for a Talitrus, placed it in his third division of that genus, or those which have the first pair of legs smaller than the second. Our figure and description are taken from the figure given in Savigny’s work. 12. Orchestia Capensis. (Pxave IV. fig. 2.) B.M. Orchestia Capensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 866, pl. 58. f. 3. Male.—Eyes rather large. Upper antenne reaching to the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antennee half as long as the animal; the flagellum is not longer than the last joint of the peduncle, which joint is nearly as long again as the penultimate. First pair of gnathopoda with the palm indented or concave, and no tubercle on the carpus; dactylos longer than the palm and ineurved. Propodos of second pair of gnatho- poda well developed, and the palm deeply concave. Third pair of pereiopoda shorter than the fourth, robust. The basos of the three posterior pereiopoda disk-shaped. Length }+ths of an inch. Hab. Australia. Dana found it at the Cape of Good Hope. 13. Orchestia Deshayesii. (Pxare IV. fig. 3.) B.M. Orchestia Deshayesii, Audouin, Sarigny, Egypte, Crust. pl. 11. f. 8. White, Cat. Brit. Crust. B.M.; Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 163. Spence Bate, Report Brit. Amph. Brit. Assoe. 1855; Synopsis of Amph. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 142. The last joint of the peduncle of the inferior antenne longer than the preceding. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda having the posterior extremity of the palm armed with a strong tooth. Length }2ths of an inch. This is a smaller and less common European species than either O. littorea or O. Mediterranea, which latter it much resembles in general appearance. ‘The upper antenne are rather shorter, scarcely reaching to half the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower antennz, whereas in O. Mediterranea they reach quite to its extre- mity. The last joint of the peduncle of the lower antenne is con- siderably longer than the preceding, whereas in 0. Mediterranea they are subequal. But the great distinction lies in the second pair ot gnathopoda, the propodos being furnished with a thumb in the form of a strong tooth at the posterior extremity of the palm. The third pair of pereiopoda are shorter than the fourth and fifth ; the last pair resemble the preceding. We are not aware of many of this species having been taken. A 24 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. solitary specimen from the British coast, in Dr. Leach’s collection in the British Museum, enabled Mr. A. White to identify it with Audouin’s Egyptian species. Two specimens in the Collection of the Museum at the Plymouth Atheneum were taken by the late Dr. Edward Moore, on the rocks under Mount Batten. Professor Kinahan, who says they are local and rare, has taken a few at Carrickfergus. We have never seen living specimens ; but, judging from dead ones, it is of a somewhat lighter colour than the last species. 14. Orchestia Mediterranea. (Prare IY. fig. 5.) B.M. Orchestia Mediterranea, Costa, Rend. dell? Accad. Sc. di Napoli, p. 171, 1853. Orchestia constructa (young ?), Costa, 1. ¢. Orchestia levis, Spence Bate, Synopsis of British Edriophthalmous Crus- tacea in Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 165. Orchestia littorea (var.), White, INist. Brit. Crust. pl. 10, f. 1. Orchestia littorea, Rathke, Fauna der Krym, t. 5. f. 1-6. Lucas, Expéd. dans 0 Algérie. Upper antenne reaching quite to the extremity of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. The propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda longer than the carpus. The propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda in the male well developed, and tapering towards the extremity, along the palm of which the dac- tylos impinges, but not closely, except near the extremity. In this species the first segment of the pereion is very short, and the coxa of the first gnathopod is almost enveloped by that of the second. ‘The first pair of gnathopoda have the propodos long and cylindrical, and furnished on the posterior margin with a few short hairs. The second pair of gnathopoda are long and tapering, very broad at the base, and gradually narrowed to the point of arti- culation with the dactylos; the palm is rather concave ; the extre- mity of the impinging finger bites into a groove. The second pair of gnathopoda in the female resemble the same pair in Zalitrus Locusta, in having the dactylos articulating remotely from the apex of the propodos. The larve resemble the female in general characters, and particularly in the second pair of gnathopoda. The third pair of pereiopoda have the coxze equally divided, as in Talitrus, and the whole organ is shorter than the fourth and fifth, which are subequal. In the female and young these last two gene- rally resemble each other: but im the adult male the posterior is peculiarly developed, the carpus being as broad as it is long; and the meros triangular, the broadest diameter being connected with the carpus, from whence it gradually decreases in width to the arti- culation with the ischium, where it is reduced to the ordinary dia- meter of the leg. ORCHESTID.E. 25 The great size of the carpus and meros of the last leg is due to a thinning-out of the integument into a scale-like form, which is most apparent upon the outer side of the leg, and, according to Rathke*, increases with age. The muscular portion of the leg may be seen upon the under surface of the squamiform protuberance, extending the whole length of the joint. By the aid of this enlargement the male is enabled to hold itself in an upright position, and to walk along the surface of the rocks, whereas the female, which wants this protuberance, is reduced to wriggle along upon its side, or to leap. This latter mode of progres- sion it possesses in common with the male, using the caudal stylets, which are bent under the abdomen, in the same manner as Talitrus ; they are well adapted for that purpose. The stylets are often worn away by friction against stones. The posterior pleopoda resemble those of Talitrus ; the two an- terior terminate in two branches each, and the posterior inone. The telson is annulate, flattened, the alimentary canal passing through it ; the apex is fringed with a few fine hairs. In form, the hairs upon the legs and body differfrom those of Talitrus in having a sharper extremity, with a stouter secondary appendage. According to most writers, the habit of this animal is very similar to that of TYalitrus, with which it is said to be associated; but according to my own experience, Orchestie represent the Taltri on rocky, shores. I do not recollect taking Talitri except on a sandy beach, nor Orchestie but upon rocky and stony ground. I have taken O. Mediterranea in Langland Bay, Glamorganshire, under stones and grass, associated with terrestrial Isopoda, considerably above the highest level of spring tides, though not, probably, beyond the occa- sional reach of the spray. Professor Kinahan has taken them in Dublin Bay, seven feet above tide-mark, associated with Oniscus murarius, O. fossor, Armadillo vulgaris, and Porcellio scaber. The colour of this speciesis dull olive-green, inclining to bronze along the back, which yields a metallic lustre ; the propodos of the two pairs of gnathopoda are lighter in colour, and often tipped with bright orange. We have taken the females of a light fawn-colour, and so like to Talitrus that we mistook them for that genus, until led to the dis- covery of their true character by accidentally examining some of the dermal tissue under the microscope. The ova, during the process of incubation, are of a bright purple colour ; but the larvee, as they appear when ready to quit the pouch of the mother, are of a bright orange tint. They hop vigorously as soon as liberated. They are probably extensive in their geographical range, since Rathke states having found them at Theodosia, in the Crimea. Costa has taken them on the coast of Naples, and Lucas on the coast of Algeria. * Fauna der Krym. Tt cannot be ranked among the specific characters, since it is never found in the young. 26 AMPHIPODA NORMALTA. 15. Orchestia trigonocheirus, n.s. (Puare IV. fig. 6.) BM. Orchestia trigonocheirus, Leach MS. BLM. ; Male.—Eyes small. Upper antenne not reaching to the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antenn half as long as the entire animal; flagellum longer than the peduncle, the last joint of which is rather longer than the preceding. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos shorter than the carpus; palm extending beyond the extremity of the dactylos; a tubercle projects from the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos large, ovate; palm straight, spi- nous. Third pair of pereiopoda scarcely shorter than the fourth and fifth; fifth having the carpus and meros broadly distended. Length }4ths of an inch. Hab. ? 16. Orchestia scutigerula. (Pxate IV. fig. 7.) B.M. Orchestia scutigerula, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 864, pl. 68. f. 2. Male.—Kyes small. Upper antenne reaching to the extremity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the lower. Lower antenne half as long as the animal; flagellum rather longer than the pe- duncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus and propodos nearly equal; a very prominent tubercle on the carpus; dactylos not reaching beyond the palm of the propodos. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda large; palm nearly at right angles with the joint, and furnished near the centre with a small blunt tri- angular tooth. Third pair of pereiopoda nearly as long as the fourth ; basos developed, round. Fifth much longer than the preceding, and having the basos squamiform and monstrously developed, concave on the side towards the animal, convex on the opposite. “« Female.—Basos of the posterior pair of pereiopoda much narrower than inthe male. First pair of gnathopoda unguiculate and hardly subchelate, the propodos not being broader at the apex, the inferior angle not produced, and the unguiform dactylos stout and fully twice as long as the palm; carpus a little longer than the propodos, and sparingly broader. Second pair of gnathopoda having a minute and subspatulate propodos, rounded at the apex ; dactylos lateral, subapical, not reaching to the extremity of the propodos; meros arcuate below.”—Dana. Length }3ths of an inch. The specimen in the British Museum has the squamiform develop- ment larger than in Dana’s figure, and the rounded protuberance ORCHESTID%. yi f upon the palm is marked by a distinct tooth. It is in the collection presented by the Admiralty, having been taken during the Antarctic expedition. Hab. Hermit Island, It was found by Dana abundant among the sea-weed thrown up on the shores of Nassau Bay, Terra del Fuego. 17. Orchestia littorea. (Prate IY. fig. 8.) B.M. Orchestia littorea, Leach, Edin. Encye. vii. pl. 221. £.6; Linn. Trans. xi. Desm. Cons. t. 45. f. 3. Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. xx.; Hist. des Crust, t. iii. p. 16. Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 142. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 162. Spence Bate, Synopsis of Brit. Amph. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Gammarus littoreus, Montagu, Linn. Trans. ix. p. 96. t. 4. f. 4. Orchestia Montagui, dudown, Expl. Pl. Egypte, pl. 11. f. 7. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. 11. p. 17; Ann. des Se. Nat, xx, p.361. (Not O. littorea, Rathke, Faun. der Krym.) Male.—The superior antenns reaching to the extremity of the penultimate articulation of the peduncle of the lower. The first pair of gnathopoda having the propodos shorter than the-carpus ; the dactylos reaching nearly to the extremity of the palm, where there is a projecting.tubercle; the palm is concave, but slightly raised at the bottom of the hollow, and fringed with hairs; a pro- minent tubercle projects from the lower anterior extremity of the carpus, The second pair of gnathopoda in the male are large and well developed; the palm, slightly oblique, convex; posteriorly there is a short obtuse tooth, against which the extremity of the dactylos impinges. In the adult male the carpus and meros of the posterior pair of pereiopoda are thicker, as in O. Mediterranea. Length 43ths of an inch. Upon the upper edge of the propodos of the first pair of gnatho- poda there are generally several fasciculi of hairs. Without placing much stress upon them as a specific distinction, I have found them constant whenever I have counted them. In this species there are six; in J'elluris there are but three; in Mediterranea but one; in Traskiana four; in Gryllus four ; in longicornis eight; and so on. This is by far the most common of our British species, and is the one for which Dr. Leach made the generic name. It appears to have been found on all the western and southern coasts of Europe. Montagu first took it on the Devonshire coast; it has been taken in Ireland by Dr. Kinahan and Mr. Thompson, in France by Edwards, and in Italy by Risso. In the Jardin des Plantes are specimens sent from Madeira by M. Morelet ; and Savigny procured the specimen from Egypt that M. Audouin named after our English pioncer Montagu. I believe the original specimen brought by Savigny is not pre- served; but having had an opportunity, through the kindness of M. Milne-Edwards, of examining the specimens named Montagui 28 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, and Uttorea, in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, I could perceive no feature that would justify a separation of them from the same species. M. Lucas also most kindly allowed me to examine those that he brought with him from Algeria; and.again I felt con- vinced that those which he has named O. Montagui, in his great and valuable work, are identical with the types of Montagu’s spe- cimen preserved in the British Museum, 18. Orchestia Botte. Orchestia Botte, Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. t. iii. p. 17. This appears to be a very doubtful species. The only distinction which M. Edwards perceived between it and Orchestia sauteuse (littorea?) is one that is dependent upon age—the last pair of pereio- poda are not broadly developed. This being a character that is not present until after the male has attained its full dimensions, it can scarcely be accepted as the definition of a separate species. I have previously stated having come to the conclusion, after examining the specimens in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, that O. Montagwi of Audouin is identical with O. littorea of Montagu ; O. Botte, the author says, is very much like O. littorea; and Egypt is given by Savigny as the habitat of O. Montagui; we may therefore assume that O. Botte is the young form of that species: but there is one circumstance that must cause us to hesitate before pronouncing it certam—0O. littorea belongs to the Mediterranean, whereas O. Botte lives on the shores of the Red Sea. The original specimen not being preserved, the name can only be retained by courtesy, until opportunity occurs for a more extended examination of the Orchestie of the eastern shores of Egypt. ‘“‘ Krauss mentions that the O. Botte, Edwards, is found in South Africa, at Port Natal*.” 19. Orchestia spinipalma. (Pate IV. fig. 9.) Orchestia spinipalma, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. ii. 203; U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 875, pl. 59. f. 4. «« Male.—Coxee rather narrow, fifth slightly narrower than fourth. Inferior antenne scarcely longer than half the body, sete very minute ; flagellum as long as base, the joimts mostly a little oblong, setz half the diameter of the joints in length. Superior antenne one-fourth the length of base of inferior; the flagellum three- to five-jointed. First pair of gnathopoda small and weak ; propodos minute, oblong, with the sides parallel, and apex straight, trun- cate; dactylos minute. Second pair of gnathopoda stout ; propodos subovate, palm a little excavate and spinulose ; dactylos elongate, * Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 867. ORCHESTID®. 29 somewhat shorter than propodos. Following pereiopoda slender ; the next two pairs subequal; last two pairs subequal; third pair shortest ; seta of the margins of the propodos equal. *‘ Female.—Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda minute, obovate, ‘ < . ” . “ oblong, rounded ai apex; dactylos lateral, longitudinal, its apex reaching nearly to the extremity of the propodos. Length, half an inch. “ Tongatabu, under sea-weed on beaches.”’—Dana. 20. Orchestia tenuis. (Puare IV. fig. 10.) Orchestia tenuis, Dana, Proc, Amer. Acad. Sci. ii. 202; U.S. Explor. Exped, p. 872, pl. 59. f. 1. Female.—Coxe rather narrow. Inferior antenne slender, about half as long as body; flagellum very slender, much longer than base ; joints oblong, sets hardly shorter than joints. Superior antenne about as long as base of inferior. Gnathopoda quite small and weak ; first pair much the smaller; propodos of second pair very small, oblong, bent backward, truncated half across towards apex; dactylos minute, rather remote from extremity, and nearly transverse. First and second pairs of pereiopoda small; the second pair smaller than the first; three posterior pairs very unequal, in- creasing regularly in length; fifth pair nearly twice longer than third; sete short, scarcely longer than diameter of joints. ** Length, half an inch. “ Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand.’”’—Dana. 21. Orchestia nitida. (Puarn V. fig. 1.) Orchestia nitida, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 868, pl. 58. f.5; Proe. Amer. Acad. Sct. ii. 204. Coxze of moderate size, fifth smaller than fourth. Inferior antennze shorter than half the body; last two basal joints subequal; fla- gellum longer than base, moniliform, twelve- to fourteen-jointed ; joints slightly oblong, sete very minute. Superior antenne about half as long as base of inferior, and flagellum five-jointed. First pair of gnathopoda haying a small propodos, slightly oblong, somewhat securiform, at apex somewhat broader and obliquely truncate; the carpus below near propodos gibbous. Propodos of second pair large, subovate ; palm straight, nearly longitudinal ; dactylos longer than half the propodos. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, the rest gradually increasing in length, - rather short; sets of propodos much shorter than the semidia- 30 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. meter of the joint ; basos broad, margin minutely serrulate. Outer branch of first pair of stylets naked. “Length, one-third of an inch. “ Hab, From among floating Fucus, near the shores of Terra del Fuego. Caught with a hand-net. “This species resembles the Orchestia Euchore of Fr. Miiller (Archiv fiir Nat. 1848, p. 53, pl. 4); but in that the finger of the large hand is shorter, and the palm has an emargination below its middle.”—Dana. 22. Orchestia Chilensis. (Prarr V. fig. 2.) Orchestia Chilensis, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 18. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 868, pl. 58. £. 4. Male.—Superior antenne reaching to the extremity of the penulti- mate joint of the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne scarcely half as long as the animal; flagellum as long as the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the inferior angle of the palm rounded, scarcely defined ; dactylos as long as the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda ovate ; palm oblique, spinous; a small tooth or tubercle near the base of the dactylos ; dactylos long, bent near the middle. “ Female.—Coxe rather large, fifth but slightly shorter than fourth. Inferior antenne half shorter than the body; base rather short, last joint of base hardly longer than preceding; flagellum a little longer than base, nineteen- to twenty-jointed; joints sparingly oblong, setee very minute. First pair of gnathopoda shorter and more slender than those of second ; propodos truncate at apex, and here a little broader; dactylos as long as apical margin. Propodos of second pair subspatulate ; dactylos marginal, longitudinal, hardly reaching to apex. Pereiopoda with the sete minute, and rather few; those of the propodos on its under surface half as long as width of joint; those on the upper margin much shorter. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda slender; third considerably shorter than fourth; fourth and fifth equal; coxe of seventh pair some- what broader than those of preceding.” Length eight lines. Hab. Karoa, New Zealand (MM. Jacquinot); Valparaiso (Dana) ; coasts of Chili (Hdw.) The description of the male is taken from specimens entrusted to me by Prof. M.-Edwards ; that of the female from Dana’s work, from which also the figure is copied. I have had the opportunity of ex- amining the type, preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, from which the second gnathopod (Pl. I.a.f. 8) was drawn. ORCHESTID.R. 31 23. Orchestia quadrimana. (Ptarre V. fig. 3.) Orchestia quadrimana, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 204; U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 879, pl. 59. f. 7. “* Male.—Coxee rather broad, fifth shorter than fourth. Inferior < ‘ antenne hardly half as long as the body, neatly sctose; base short, flagellum sparingly longer than base; joints not oblong, eylindrical; sete verticillate, and nearly twice longer than joints. Superior antennz nearly half shorter than base of inferior. First pair of gnathopoda minute ; propodos subtriangular, apex truncate and a little excavate. Propodos of second pair stout, quadrate, a little oblong; apex nearly straight, truncate, the palm of the pro- podos consequently transverse, or but slightly oblique, somewhat excavate. First and second pairs of pereiopoda weak, subequal ; third, fourth and fifth similar, very unequal, but gradually in- creasing in length; third half shorter than fifth ; sete of propodos numerous, rather crowded, and exceeding the diameter of the joint in length. Length seven lines. “ Hab. Illawarra, New South Wales.”—Dana. 24. Orchestia serrulata. (Pxare V. fig. 4.) Orchestia serrulata, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 204; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 871, pl. 58. f. 7. “« Male-—Coxee moderately broad, fifth anteriorly not narrower than fourth. Inferior antennze about half as long as body, flagellum as long as base ; joints not oblong, sets nearly obsolete. Superior antenne hardly longer than half the base of the inferior ; flagellum seven- oreight-jointed. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda quite small, broader at apex, straight, truncate, and a little excavate. Propodos of second pair large, suboval; palm infero-subapical ; this part of inferior margin excavate and minutely spinulose. First and second pairs of pereiopoda slender, subequal; the three posterior gradually increase in length; similar sete very minute and few; first joint very broad, serrulate behind, and having two or three minute sete on the front margin. “ Female (?).—First pair of gnathopoda with a very small propodos, short, linear in form, not broader at apex, which is truncate ; carpus longer and sparingly broader, below nearly straight; dac- tylos terminal, slightly oblique though transverse, very short. Flagellum of inferior antennse fourteen-jointed. “ Length nine and a half lines. “ Hab. From among sea-weed thrown up by the tides, on the shores of islands called the Black Rocks, in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.”—Dana. 32 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 25. Orchestia dispar. (Pxare V. fig. 5.) Orchestia dispar, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 203; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 878, pl. 59. f. 6. “* Male.—Coxee of moderate size, fifth but little shorter than fourth. < ‘< ‘ nn Inferior antenne scarcely half as long as body, last two joints of base subequal; flagellum longer than base; joints hardly oblong ; setee not longer than half the diameter of the joints. Superior antenne shorter than base of inferior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos quite small, broadest at apex, and obliquely truncate, with the apical margin excavate. Propodos of second pair stout, broad, subelliptical, obliquely subtruncate; palm of propodos a little sinuous, pubescent. First pair of pereiopoda longer than second; fifth a little shorter than fourth, and having the meros and carpus stout, very broad, and much compressed ; seta very short, on propodos about as long as semidiameter of the joint. Length six to seven lines. ‘* Hab. Sea-shores of Illawarra, New South Wales.”—Dana. 26. Orchestia Pickeringii. (Pure V. fig. 6.) Orchestia Pickeringii, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 882, pl. 59. f. 9. Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. Male.—Coxe of moderate size, fifth a little shorter than fourth. Inferior antennz about half as long as body ; base rather short, flagellum longer than base; joints oblong; sete few, not longer than semidiameter of joints. Superior antennz not half as long as base of inferior; flagellum three-jointed. First pair of gna- thopoda very small; propodos subtriangular, oblong; apex trun- cate, broader; dactylos short. Propodos of second pair very stout, ovate, above and below arcuate, without a tooth or angle below at termination of palm; palm convex and not excavate, naked, having two very low prominences near base of dactylos; the first rounded and minutely setulous, the second subrectangular. Pro- podos of posterior pereiopoda slender; sete in six sets on under side, not longer than half the diameter of the joint, still shorter on upper side of joint. “Length five to six lines.”—Dana. Hab. Kauai or Oahu (Dana, I. c. p. 1595); California (LeConte), Stimpson. 27. Orchestia Hawaiensis. (Puarr V. fig. 7.) Orchestia Hawaiensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 881, pl. 59. f. 8. «« Female-—Coxe rather large, fifth hardly shorter than fourth. Antenne quite slender; inferior pair somewhat longer than half ORCHESTID &. 33 the body ; base rather long, flagellum longer than base, seventeen- to eighteen-jointed ; joints quite oblong ; sete few, not longer than diameter of joint. Superior antenne long, hardly shorter than base of inferior; flagellum seven-jointed, joints long. Anterior gna- thopoda imperfectly subchelate, almost unguiculate ; the propodos oblong, narrower at apex, and not properly truncate ; dactylos a little longer than the width of the joint. Second pair of gna- thopoda with the propodos subspatulate, narrow, minute ; dactylos subapical, nearly transverse; meros gibbous and fine, scabrous below. Pereiopoda slender; first and second pairs long, third not shorter than second, the three posterior gradually increasing in length; sete of propodos of fifth pair equally long on both margins, and not longer than the diameter of the joint, six sets below, seven above. Outer branch of first pair of stylets naked, a very long apical seta. ** Length eight or nine lines. “ Hab. Oahu or Kauai, Hawaiian Islands.”—Dana. 28. Orchestia Tahitensis. (Pate V. fig. 8.) Orchestia Tahitensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 877, pl. 59. f. 5. Orchestia rectimana, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. 11. 208. Female.—Coxee rather broad, margin minutely setulose. Inferior antennee about half as long as body; flagellum little longer than base, the joints a little oblong ; setee not longer than diameter of joints. Superior antenne one-third shorter than base of inferior ; flagellum about seven-jointed. Gnathopoda quite small; first pair having a minute claw and a short palm to propodos ; propodos of second pair oblong, spatulate, with rounded apex, minute ; dactylos lateral and longitudinal, hardly reaching to apex of joint. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, last three pairs not very unequal ; basos very broad, and posterior margin setulose, setae of propodos very short. «Length one-fourth to one-third of an inch. «“ Hab. In damp places among leaves, and under rotten wood in the damp earth, at 1500 feet elevation, on the island of Tahiti, several miles from the sea.””—Dana. 29. Orchestia Euchore. (Prare V. fig. 9.) Orchestia Euchore, Fr. Miller, Wiegm. Archiv fiir Naturg. 1848, p. 61, t, 14. f. 1. Male.—Eyes round. Superior antenne not reaching to the extre- mity of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the inferior, In- ferior antenne having the peduncle as long as the flagellum, which dD 34 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. consists of about eighteen articulations. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos dilated into a broad palm, and a tubercle upon the inferior margin of the carpus; the dactylos armed with two spinules on the interior margin. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos oval; palm convex, fringed with equidistant solitary cilia, and defined at the inferior angle by a small tooth. Posterior pair of pereiopoda haying the carpus dilated. Telson emarginate. Female.—First pair of gnathopoda having the inferior margin of the propodos parallel with the superior; palm short, shorter than the dactylos. Length five lines. Hab. Island of Riigen, on the stony beach between Sassnitz and the Stubenkammer, in great quantities (Fr. Miiller). 30. Orchestia Gryphus. (Pxare V. fig. 10.) Orchestia Gryphus, Fr. Miller, Wiegm. Archiv fiir Naturg. p. 62, pl. 4. f. 18, 1848. Male.—Kyes round. Superior antenne shorter than the cephalon. Inferior antenne about half the length of the animal; penulti- mate joint of the peduncle about half the length of the ultimate ; flagellum consisting of about twenty articulations. First pair of gnathopoda having the inferior margin of the propodos parallel with the superior ; the palm defined by a tubercle ; dactylos armed with a single spinule upon the interior margin; carpus with a tubercle upon the antero-inferior margin. Second pair of gna- thopoda having the propodos long, tapering ; palm almost parallel with the upper margin, fringed with cilia, the inferior angle pro- duced anteriorly into an immense tooth about half as long as the propodos ; dactylos fringed upon the inner margin with equi- distant, short, solitary hairs. Posterior pair of pereiopoda having the carpus not dilated. Telson emarginate. Length four ines. Smooth and shining. Hab. Island of Rigen, on the sandy shores between the Peerd (near Monchgut) and the Kiekéwer, associated with Talitrus Locusta. A single specimen only was found (#'r. Miiller). 5. ALLORCHESTES. Allorchestes, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 883. Superior antenne as long as the peduncle of the inferior. The basal articulations imperfectly fused into the facial wall of the cephalon. Olfactory spine rudimentary. Mandibles without an appendage. Maxillipeds furnished with pointed dactylos. Both pairs of gnathopoda subcheliform ORCHESTID.. 85 This genus has been established by Dana to receive those Amphi- poda which strongly assimilate to the Orchestiw, but have the supe- rior antenne of greater length and importance. In the Orchestie they are almost rudimentary ; in this genus they reach quite to, and often beyond, the peduncle of the inferior. The peduncle of the inferior antennz has only three joints ex- posed; but the first two are not so completely fused with the anterior (or facial) wall of the head as in Orchestia and Talitrus. A small olfactory denticle is visible. The mandibles are without appendages. The maxillipeds terminate in a sharp unguiculate dactylos. The propoda of both pairs of gnathopoda are subcheliform in both sexes; the anterior pair small, the second generally larger and more powerful. In the female, those of the second pair, although occasionally smaller than in the male, are never rudimentary, and have the carpus produced more or less along the inferior margin of the propodos. The cox are squamiform and well developed, scarcely so deep as the body of the animal; those of the third pair of pereiopoda are shorter than the fourth and subequally divided, the posterior half being generally the smaller. The pereiopoda are short and robust ; the third pair are generally the shortest. The two penultimate pairs of pleopoda are short and strong, with double short styliform rami; the posterior pair are furnished with but a single branch. The telson single. In habit, as in structure, Allorchestes occupies a position between Orchestia and the Gammariform type. It is a true littoral genus, dwelling under weed fresh wetted by the sea, in shallow pools and crevices of the rocks which the tide leaves bare at every ebb. Only one species, so far as we are aware, has been taken with the dredge : A. media was so taken in two or three separate localities. The length of the upper antenne, the presence of an olfactory denticle upon the inferior antenne, and the small size of the cox of the third pair of pereiopoda are evidences of an approximation towards the Nararorrat tribe; whereas the incorporation of the basal joints of the inferior antenne in the anterior wall of the cephalon, the absence of any appendage to the mandibles, the large size of the second pair of gnathopoda, the shortness of the posterior pleopoda, which are also single-branched, the robust character of the pleon, and the structure of the dermal tissue, together with the short stiff hairs, are all marks that draw the animal near to that of Orchestia. Under the name of Hnone (Eur. Mérid. p. 96), Risso has described a genus that appears to be identical with this; but his description is not sufficiently distinct to allow of that name being used even as a synonym. 1. Allorchestes Piedmontensis, n.s. (Prare I.a. fig. 5.) B.M. Eyes small and round. The upper antenne not longer than the . peduncle of the lower. Lower antenne about half the length of p 2 36 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the animal; peduncle scarcely half the length of the antenne. The egies small, the anterior being somewhat the larger. Length ,,ths of an inch. This species bears a close resemblance generally to A. Nilssonw, but differs from it in the greater relative length of the lower antenne and in the form of the gnathopoda, and in the rare circumstance of the anterior being larger than the second. The palms are convex. The figure is probably that of a female, which may account for the smallness of the second pair of gnathopoda. It was taken on the coast of Piedmont by J. Gwyn Jeffreys, Esq. 2. Allorchestes Ochotensis. (Prare I. a. fig. 4.) Allorchestes Ochotensis, Brandt, Middendorf’s Reise, pl. 6. f. 27. Male.—Eyes small and round. Upper antenne nearly as long as the lower. Gnathopoda not very largely developed, the second being the larger; palms straight. The three anterior segments of the pleon posteriorly and dorsally developed into teeth. Length nearly an inch. Hab. Ochotsk. 3. Allorchestes Knickerbockeri, n.s. (Ptatn VI. fig. 1.) B.M. Female.—The animal is compressed. The first and second segments of the pleon posteriorly and dorsally produced into a tooth. Eyes oval, not large. Superior antenne nearly as long as the inferior, having the peduncle and flagellum nearly equal in length. Infe- rior antennze one-third the length of the animal, and one-fourth longer than the superior; the last two articulations of the pedun- cle are equal; the flagellum is not longer than a single articu- lation of the peduncle; the articulations of the flagella of the antennee three times their diameter in length. First pair of gnathopoda small and slender; the propodos is very long; the palm is produced forwards, and terminates in an obtuse point ; the dactylos is short, and scarcely reaches to the extremity of the propodos; the carpus is nearly as long as the propodos, the inferior carpal process not much produced; meros broader than the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda considerably larger than the first ; the propodos is triangular; the palm is slightly convex, and has a notch near the inferior extremity to receive the point of the dactylos; carpus but slightly produced inferiorly. The three posterior pereiopoda nearly equal; the posterior margins of the squamiform basos serrated in each. Length about ,2;ths of an inch. This animal was sent with a few others ~ Professor Say to the ORCHESTID.®. 37 British Museum, and labelled by him Gammarus minus; but it must have got there by accident, as it in no way agrees with that author’s description of that species. Hab. North America. In brooks, under stones (Say). 4; Allorchestes carinatus, n.s. (Puare VI. fig. 2.) B.M. Eyes oval. Superior antenne as long as the inferior; the articula- tions of the peduncle short, subequal, the basal one stoutest, and not so long as the flagellum. The inferior antenne not so stout as the superior; the peduncle shorter than the flagellum. First gnathopod having the dactylos slight, sharp, and longer than the palm ; the propodos is nearly three times longer than its diameter ; the palm is anteriorly and inferiorly produced forwards ; the carpus is as long as the propodos, slightly produced inferiorly and ante- riorly. The second gnathopod moderately developed ; propodos somewhat triangular, with the angles rounded ; the palm oblique, and furnished with a solitary short stout spine between the palm and the inferior margin; carpus short, the inferior edge broadly developed. Length ,3,ths of an inch? The specimen from which this description is taken is imperfect ; it was labelled Dewamine carinata in the Collection of the British Museum. I have retained the specific name of carinatus, under the supposition that the lost part must have possessed a carina. Hab. Italy. 5. Allorchestes Nove-Zealandiz. (Puare VI. fig. 3.) B.M. Allorchestes Novi-Zealandie, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sei. ii. 207, female; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 894, pl. 61. f. 1, male and female. Allorchestes intrepida, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. ii. 207, male. Male.—Eyes round and small, Superior antenne with the peduncle as long as the flagellum. The peduncle of the inferior nearly as long as the superior antenne, and longer than the flagellum; the whole orgun is more than one-third of the length of the animal. Maxilliped having the dactylos slender, and as long as the pro- podos, which is also attenuate ; the carpus is broad, and the three succeeding articulations bear only a generic signification. The first pair of gnathopoda have the dactylos more than twice as long as the palm ; the propodos has the superior margin parallel with the inferior, consequently the palm is very short ; the carpus is shorter than the propodos, and the carpal process is but moderately pro- duced. The second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first ; the propodos is ovate, tapering anteriorly; the palm is straight, and 38 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. oceupies about half the length of the inferior margin; a small protuberance and spine mark the termination of the palm, which impinges against the apex of the dactylos ; the carpus is shorter than the propodos, and has the inferior margin moderately pro- duced. Third pair of pereiopoda shorter than the two next. Female.—Propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda oblong, two margins nearly parallel, truncate at apex ; dactylos not longer than breadth of propodos ; carpus with a short triangular or rounded prolongation below. Propodos of the second pair a little larger, but of similar form ; carpus long, produced below, and obtuse or rounded at the extremity ; third joint also much produced. Length ,8,ths of an inch. Hab. New Zealand (Dr. Andrew Sinclair, by whom it was pre- sented tothe Museum). “ Bay of Islands, New Zealand, on the shores of Parua Harbour, in holes in wood bored by Teredos” (Dana). 6. Allorchestes Nilssonii. (Pzare VI. fig. 4.) B.M. Amphitoé Nilssonii, Rathke, Beitr. zur Faun, Norwegens, Nov. Act. xx. p. 264e. Amphitoé Prevostii, Rathke, 1. c. p. 81, pl. 4. £5 (not Edwards). Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. p. 22, 1851. Allorchestes Danai, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Manual of Brit. Crust. p. 163, Male.—The body is rather compressed. Eyes small, round. Superior antenne equal in length with the peduncle of the inferior; the auditory cilia are not appreciable, and the hairs or spines are arranged generally in bunches of three. Inferior antennse about one-fourth the entire length of the animal; the articulations not longer than their diameter, except towards their extremities, and furnished with short stiff spines; the peduncle as long as the fla- gellum ; the articulations of the peduncle gradually decrease in length and diameter; the third is little more important than the first of the flagellum, which consists of eight or nine joints; the first and second articulations of the peduncle are incorporated with the head, but not so completely as in Yalitrus and Orchestia. A small olfactory denticle is present. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first; palm convex. Length ,8;ths of an inch. The coxve of the two pairs of gnathopoda and the two anterior pairs of pereiopoda are nearly as broad as deep, and nearly as deep as their respective segments of the body; those of the three pos- terior pairs of pereiopoda are much shorter than the preceding. The first pair of gnathopoda are smaller than the second; the dactylos is short, stout, and curved; the propodos longer than broad, the palm slightly receding and convex; the carpus is much shorter ORCHESTID®. 39 than the propodos, and is but slightly produced inferiorly. The second pair of gnathopoda are nearly six times as large as the first ; the propodos is more rotund in general form ; the palm is convex, and fringed with a row of solitary short hairs ; and a protuberance marks the point where the extremity of the dactylos bites, which, when closed, conforms to the palm; the carpus is not produced inferiorly. The pereiopoda are furnished with short, stiff, spine-like hairs. The animal differs but little in appearance from Orchestia, and, no doubt, has often been mistaken for it, from which, however, it is readily detected by its size and the appreciable length of the upper antenne. The microscopic structure of the crust shows also a distinction between the two, although not to any very great extent. The T markings appear more numerous, and somewhat different in shape. The whole structure is covered with a granular pavement; but no trace of the original cell-formation is apparent. The hairs, though formed upon the same general type as in Or- chestia, yet exhibit some peculiarities of form: their apex is sharper and slightly curved ; and the lateral appendage has a peculiar baccate appearance. Taken along the line of coast near ordinary tide-mark, ‘probably all round our shores: more abundant than Orchestia. Hab. Penzance (Mr. G. Barlee and Mr. W. Webster); Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Falmouth and Tenby (Mr. W. Webster) ; Plymouth (C..S. B.); Christiansund (Rathke). 7. Allorchestes Sayi, n.s. (Prats VI. fig. 5.) B.M. Male.—Superior antenne.......... Inferior antenne not half as long as the animal; the peduncle is twice as long as the flagellum ; the penultimate articulation is longer than the ultimate. First pair of gnathopoda.......... ; second largely developed, ovate, tapering towards the dactylos; palm oblique, and furnished with two blunt denticular processes. The three posterior pairs of pereiopoda robust, scabrous ; dactylos furnished upon the inside, near the middle, with a small hair. Length ;4ths of an inch. The figure, together with the above description, is taken from one of two or three unnamed damaged specimens in the Collection of the British Museum labelled “Say,”’ being some that were presented by Professor Say. Hab. North America (Say). 8. Allorchestes microphthalmus, n.s. (Pure VI. fig. 6.) BM. Gammarus microphthalmus, WS. Brit. Mus. Eyes minute, round; they appear to be only small specks; but 40 Le AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. nearer observation shows that the black spot is confined to the centre, the outer portion being white, and therefore lost to casual inspection. The superior antenne are not perfect in our specimen to their extreme length; but we presume them to have reached a little beyond the peduncle of the inferior. The peduncle of the inferior antenne scarcely passes that of the superior ; the flagellum is very long and slender, nearly the length of the entire animal, and five or six times as long as the superior. The anterior gna- thopoda have the propodos scarcely wider than the carpus; the palm oblique, convex, and ill-defined ; dactylos short; carpus short, and scarcely at all inferiorly produced. The second pair of gnathopoda are about four times as large as the first ; the propodos is broadly ovate ; the palm is oblique and almost straight, but not well-defined—i. e. there is no marked distinction between the palm and the continuous portion of the inferior margin of the propodos ; it is fringed with a few equidistant solitary cilia. The four an- terior coxze are not so deep as their respective segments ; that of the fifth is a little shorter. The basos of each of the three pos- terior pairs of pereiopoda is round and smooth. ngth ,4,ths of an inch. Hab. Italy. 9. Allorchestes Inca, n.s. (Pare VI. fig. 7.) B.M. Eyes obliquely oval. Superior antenne longer than the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne not half the length of the animal ; the peduncle about half the length of the antenne. The first pair of gnathopoda having the upper and lower margins of the propodos nearly parallel and twice as long as broad, not wider than the carpus, and about three times as long. The second pair of gnathopoda haying a largely developed propodos, very broad near the carpus and tapering to a point towards the dactylos; the palm occupies the entire length of the inferior margin; it is shghtly waved throughout its extent, and an elevation of more importance exists near the base of the dactylos; it is fringed with equidistant solitary hairs throughout its length; the dactylos has a slight protuberance near the middle of the imner margin, which corre- sponds to the depression posterior to the lobe on the margin of the palm. The rest of the animal is very similar to 4A. Nilssoniv. Length about j>ths of an inch. This species, for which we are indebted to Prof. Kinahan, much resembles A. hirtipalma, but differs in the length of the superior antenne, which, in A. hirtipalma, are nearly as long as the inferior, ORCHESTID.E. 4] and in the form of the palm of the second pair of gnathopoda, which in A. hirtipalma is a little “ depressed.” The distinction may be one of sex. The habitat of both is the same. Hab. Peru (Prof. Kinahan). 10. Allorchestes imbricatus. (Puare VI. fig. 8.) B.M. Allorchestes imbricatus, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. The dorsal median line slightly carinated and imbricated. Eyes small and round. Superior antennz having the peduncle fully half the length of the whole organ. Inferior antenne, in which the peduncle is scarcely a third of the length of the flagellum, more than as long again as the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos more than twice as long as broad ; the carpus but slightly produced inferiorly. Second pair of gnathopoda large and powerfully formed, having the propodos somewhat broader at the base than at the palm; the palm is slightly oblique, and a groove receives the extremity of the dactylos. The cox are large, but scarcely so deep as the segments of the body. The coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda are rather more than half as long as the preceding, and are equally bilobed. The basos of each of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda is oval. The posterior pleo- poda are short, stout, and formed for leaping. The animal is longer in shape and more compressed than usual in the family. The dorsal ridge is elevated into a slight carina, mostly developed towards the posterior limit of each segment; this gives the animal, when viewed laterally, an imbricated aspect. It is from this that the specific name is taken, and by which it can be readily recognized from other existing species. A. imbricatus appears to be rather a local species. The first, specimens were obtained from Penzance, between tide-marks, by my valued friend and correspondent Mr. George Barlee. I have taken them, in company with Prof. Kinahan, on the Plymouth Breakwater, in the small pools left in holes worn by the wash of the sea in the face of that stupendous work ; they were the only species of Amphipoda that we found on it. The colour of the specimens was a mottled bluish grey; a few were almost black. The length of the longest specimen was about 5/,ths of an inch. 11. Allorchestes Gaimardii. (Puare VI. fig. 9.) BM. Amphitoé Gaimardii, Edw. Hist. des Crust. iii. 37. Allorchestes compressa, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 205. Allorchestes Gaimardii?, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 884, pl. 60. £.1. Eyes oval. Superior antenne three-fourths as long as the inferior. Inferior antenne about half as long as the animal; the peduncle 42 AMPHTPODA NORMALIA. twice as long as the flagellum, one-half of which is fused into one articulation, and resembles an extra articulation attached to the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos and carpus equally short and stout; the palm but slightly receding, and nearly one-third longer than the dactylos, which is robust and curved; it impinges at the apex against four short, strong, small, blunt spines; these are situated laterally instead of upon the palm. Two or three small hairs upon this pair of limbs appear to be all that are on the animal; all the other parts are perfectly clean. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos much larger than in the first; it is ovate, long, and tapering towards the extremity, the palm being two-thirds the length of the in- ferior margin. Length of the animal }4ths of an inch. The specimen in the British Museum was brought from South Australia. M. Milne-Edwards gives New Holland as the habitat of his specimen; and Prof. Dana obtained his from the shores of Mla- warra, New South Wales. Dana has divided his genus Allorchestes into two divisions, in order to separate this species from the rest, in consequence of the shortness of the flagellum of the inferior antenne. It is quite evident that that distinguished naturalist has mistaken the fused portion of the flagellum for a portion of the peduncle ; hence his desire to separate A. Gaimardii from the rest of the genus,—an arrangement that appears to be neither natural nor convenient. 12. Allorchestes Pereiri. (Prare VI. fig. 10.) B.M. Orchestia Pereiri, Lucas, Expéd. dans 0 Algérie. Orchestia Bonelliana, White, Cat. Crust. B.M. 1847. Amphitoé aquilina, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. Napoli, p.174, 1858. Eyes round and small. Superior antenne rather more than half the length of the inferior. Inferior antenne not one-third the length of the animal; the flagellum of each pair of antenne longer than the peduncle. Propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda longer than the carpus, quadrate, somewhat narrower at the base than at the palm, which is slightly oblique and fringed with cilia ; carpus inferiorly produced to a small extent. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda well developed, ovate, long, and tapering ; the palm occupying nearly the entire length of the inferior margin. Third pair of pereiopoda shorter than the two posterior. Length 32ths of an inch. The specimens in the British Museum were brought from Genoa by the Marquis of Spinola; but although found upon the northern coasts of the Mediterranean, I believe them to be of the same species as that which M. Lucas found upon the coast of Algeria. There are ORCHESTID 43 some slight differences between his figure and that given in this work, but not more than can be accounted for as arising from dis- crepancies between artists, for which some allowance should always be made, particularly where the naturalist is obliged to trust to the skill of those who may not be acquainted with the subject. 13. Allorchestes verticillatus. (Prater VII. fig. 1.) Allorchestes verticillata, Dana, Proc. Amer, Acad. Sci. Bost. ii, 205 ; U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 886, pl. 60, mas. f. 2, fem. ? f. 3. «‘ Vale.—Coxee of moderate size. Inferior antenne nearly twice longer than superior, about one-third as long as the body ; base short, last two joints of base subequal ; flagellum about twice longer than base, fourteen-jointed, joints slightly oblong; sets densely verticillate, short (not longer than breadth of joints). Superior antenne nearly naked. First pair of gnathopoda quite small; propodos oblong, hardly narrower at base, oblique at apex ; carpus not pro- duced below. Second pair of gnathopoda large, subovate ; palm along inferior side nearly straight, pubescent; dactylos long ; carpus not produced downwards between hand and fourth joint. Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of pereiopoda subequal, short; sete few, stout, short, not longer than diameter of joint; upper margin of propodos naked. Carpus with a seta below. ‘“‘ Female ?—First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos in form and size like the male. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos a little larger than the first; it is oblong, rather broad, upper and under sides nearly parallel; upper very slightly arcuate, and one-third longer ; lower with three or four tufts of longish sete; apex truncate, a little oblique, forming a nearly trans- verse palm, and somewhat hairy; dactylos not longer than the palm, and not half as long as the propodos; carpus broader than the meros ; meros nearly rectangular. Flagellum of the superior antenne ten- to twelve-jointed; of the inferior antenne about fourteen-jointed. “Length four lines. «Hab. Along the shores near Valparaiso.””—Dana. 14. Allorchestes hirtipalma. (Puare VII. fig. 2.) Allorchestes hirtipalma, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 205 ; U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 888, pl. 60. f. 4. «Superior antenne very slender, a little shorter than inferior ; base very short. Inferior pair somewhat shorter than half the body ; flagellum more than twice as long as base, lower side densely short, villose, joints not oblong. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda oblong, smaller at base, finely ciliate below, obliquely truncate at 44 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. apex. Propodos of second pair large, subovate, flattened below, and villous; palm a little depressed, nearly straight ; finger rather long. Last four pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; setee few and very minute, not as long as half the diameter of the sixth joint ; poste- rior apices of fourth and fifth joints prolonged and setulose. “ Length about ;8,ths of an inch. ‘“‘ Hab. Sea-shores near Valparaiso, and also those of the island of San Lorenzo, Peru.””—Dana. 15. Allorchestes gracilis. (Puare VII. fig. 3.) Allorchestes gracilis, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 205; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 889, pl. 60. f. 5. ‘*‘ Antenne very slender; superior pair twice shorter than inferior, and a little longer than base of inferior; inferior hardly half as long as the body; flagellum much longer than base, joints oblong ; setee very short, few (not longer than breadth of joints). Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda but little oblong, narrowest at base, somewhat obliquely truncate at apex ; palm straight, short, hirsute; carpus triangular, below produced and acuminate. Propodos of second pair large, suboval; palm nearly straight, a few minute tufts of hairs ; third joint of this pair short and acutely prolonged behind ; the fifth or carpus not produced below in a process be- tween the propodos and fourth joint. Fourth pair of pereiopoda a little shorter than seventh, the setee few and very short. “ Length six to eight lines. “Hab. Tongatabu, Pacific Ocean ; in shallow water among delicate sea-weeds.”—Dana. 16. Allorchestes brevicornis. (Puare VII. fig. 4.) Allorchestes brevicornis, Dana, Proc. Amer, Acad. Sci. Bost. i. 206 ; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 893, pl. 60. f. 8. «‘ Antenne quite short; the superior not one-fourth as long as the body, ~ - and the inferior not one-third ; inferior pair having the base quite short ; flagellum longer than base, joints very slightly oblong ; setze very short, dense, verticillate. Propodos of first pair of gnatho- poda quite small, a little oblong, subrectangular, pubescent below ; apex transversely truncate, slightly excavate, lower apex acute and a little prolonged. Propodos of second pair narrow ovate, rather small, apex narrow, with a few tufts of short setz below ; finger short, not half as long as propodos, nearly longitudinal; whole palm depressed, straight ; carpus very short, transverse, produced below. Four posterior pairs of pereiopoda equal, sete minute. ‘Length five lines. “‘ Hab. Along shores of the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.” —Dana. ORCHESTID®. 45 17. Allorchestes humilis. (Puiare VII. fig. 5.) Allorchestes humilis, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 206 ; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 890, pl. 60. f. 6. “ Female ?—Superior antennz a little shorter than the inferior ; fla- gellum six- to eight-jointed. Inferior pair about one-third as long as body ; flagellum nine- to ten-jointed, joints a little oblong, sete all very short. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda small, oblong, alittle smaller at base, oblique at apex. Propodos of second pair of same form, and not twice as long, inferior margin slightly emarginate ; palm oblique, transverse, hirsute ; dactylos short. Last four feet nearly equal, fifth pair a little shorter; sete few, very short ; first jot nearly orbicular ; posterior margin slightly crenu- late. Maxillipeds with the penult joint narrow. “« Length four lines. “Hab. From shallow pools of water along shores of Port Jackson, New South Wales. Collected December 25th, 1839.”—Dana. 18. Allorchestes australis. (Puare VII. fig. 6.) | Allorchestes australis, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sct. Bost. ii. 206; U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 892, pl. 60. f. 7. “Superior antenne a little shorter than inferior; flagellum longer than base, about fourteen-jointed, joints towards base transverse. Inferior antenne less than half the body in length; flagellum rather longer than base, twelve- to fourteen-jointed, joints mostly oblong, setee nearly obsolete. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda quite small, but little oblong, much narrower at base than at apex, nearly direct truncate at apex; dactylos not longer than breadth of propodos. Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda large, sub- ovate, palm depressed, posterior angle with a few minute sete ; carpus produced into a narrow process between the propodos and fourth joint. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda gradually in- creasing in length, third joint quite broad, sets very short. “Length six lines. “‘ Hab. Shores of Ilawarra, New South Wales.”—Dana. 19. Allorchestes orientalis. (Pxrarr VII. fig. 7.) Allorchestes orientalis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 896, pl. 61. f. 2. “Superior antenne a little shorter than inferior; flagellum moniliform, seven-jointed, longer than base. Inferior antenne half as long as body, last two basal joints equal; flagellum nearly twice as long as base, moniliform, fourteen-jointed, joints oblong, sete short. 46 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. . < ‘ n Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda quite small, oval. Propodos of second pair ovate; palm a little depressed, and bearing a few short sete; dactylos long; carpus not produced below between propodos and fourth joint. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda gradually increasing in length; sete few, minute. Length three lines. “Hab, Island in the Sooloo Sea, off the harbour of Soung.””—Dana. 20. Allorchestes gramineus. (Pxare VII. fig. 8.) Allorchestes ? graminea, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Bost. ii. 208 ; U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 897, pl. 61. f. 3. Superior antennz one-third shorter than inferior ; flagellum longer than base, about fourteen-jointed. Inferior antenne not half as long as body ; flagellum moniliform, much longer than base, joints hardly oblong, sete minute. yes reniform. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda narrow, a little the broadest at middle; dac- tylos long, stout, folding against under side of propodos. Propodos of second pair quite large, narrow ovate, narrow at apex, lower margin nearly straight, palm not depressed ; dactylos long (longer than half the propodos); carpus not produced below between the propodos and the fourth joint. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda gradually increasing in length (last two pairs nearly equal), almost naked. “‘ Length six to seven lines. € ” “ Hab. Rio Janeiro (January).”—Dana. 21. Allorchestes medius. (Pxare VII. fig. 9.) Allorchestes media, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 898, pl. 61. f. 4. Coxe large. Superior antennz longer than half the inferior; fla- gellum fourteen-jointed, joints sparingly oblong ; sete partly very short and divaricate, partly close-appressed, and about as long as the joint. Inferior antenne not halfas long as the body ; flagellum longer than the base, sixteen-jointed, joints sparingly oblong ; sete numerous and verticillate, except on outer side, which is naked ; sete hardly as long as breadth of joint. First pair of gnathopoda quite small ; propodos oblong ; margins nearly parallel, below hirsute in part, at apex obliquely truncate; dactylos short. Propodos of second pair quite large, subovate, arcuate above ; palm very oblique, transverse, spinulose, ending in an angle below ; dac- tylos a little longer than half the propodos ; carpus small, not pro- duced below between the propodos and the fourth joint ; fourth joint “ce ORCHESTID AS. 47 triangulate anteriorly and nearly acute. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, increasing gradually in length; sete few ; one stout, one as long as diameter of joint on propodos of third pair, and one or two such on same joint of last two pairs. Length five to six lines. “Hab. Rio Janeiro, dredged in the harbour; also Cape Verdes, Porto Praya.”—Dana. “ce . - ~ ~ 22. Allorchestes Pugettensis. (Prare VII. fig. 10.) Allorchestes Pugettensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p.901,pl.61. £.6. Stimpson, Journ. Nat. Hist. Bost. vol. vi. Coxe moderately large. Superior antenne half shorter than in- ferior, slightly longer than base of inferior, and much more slender ; flagellum fifteen-jointed, sete nearly obsolete. Inferior antennz not as long as half the body, flagellum slightly longer than base, joints a little oblong, setae very minute. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda ovate, arcuate above and below; palm very oblique, and not excavate. Propodos of second pair very stout, subovate, truncate below, so that the palm is straight, or nearly so, and slightly excavate ; dactylos long, and reaching to the angle ter- minating the palm; carpus not produced below between propodos and fourth joint; fourth joint triangular and subacute anteriorly. Fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; sete few and very short. Length of body nine or ten lines. “‘ Hab. Puget’s Sound, North-west America.”—Dana. 23. Allorchestes Hawaiensis. (Pare VIII. fig. 1.) Allorchestes Hawaiensis, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p.900, pl. 61. f. 5, Coxse of moderate size. Antenne of superior pair much more slender than those of second, nearly one-fourth the length of the body ; flagellum fourteen-jointed, joints long and slender ; sete about as long as breadth of joints. Inferior pair with the base twice as long as base of superior ; joints of flagellum oblong ; sete few, and half as long as breadth of joints. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda very small, broad, subovate, above nearly straight, below arcuate; palm oblique and nearly longitudinal; carpus rounded below. Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda stout, ovate, arcuate above and below; palm very oblique, so as to be nearly longitudinal, sparingly setulose ; carpus not produced below between propodos and fourth joint. Two posterior pairs of 48 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. pereiopoda subequal; sete few, minute, not longer than half the breadth of the joint. * Length four to five lines. ** Hab. Island of Maui, Hawaiian Group.”—Dana. 24. Allorchestes littoralis. (Prater VIII. fig. 2.) B.M. Allorchestes littoralis, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 49, pl. 3. f. 36. Male.—Kyes round, moderately large. Superior antenns about two- thirds as long as the inferior. Inferior antenne scarcely one-fourth the length of the animal; peduncle as long as the flagellum, the latter spinous. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos broad ovate; palm slightly oblique, grooved towards the inferior angle to receive the dactylos, and fringed with two rows of short obtuse hairs, each being armed with a lateral cilium. Length about .§,ths of an inch. The colour, according to Stimpson, varies from bright green, through the various shades of olive, to brown. Hab. Tt is abundant on the shores from Massachusetts Bay to Grand Manan, especially where the Fucus nodosus and F. vesiculosus flourish. I am indebted for a specimen of this species to its author. 25. Allorchestes seminudus. Allorchestes seminuda, Stimpson, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Se. i. 90; Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. vi. “‘ Body somewhat compressed. Eyes oval. Superior antennz three- fifths as long as the inferior ones; inferior antenne two-fifths as long as the body; on both pairs of antenn there are a few short sete at the extremity of each articulation. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda small, palm oblique, almost transverse ; dactylos of moderate size; carpus produced at its inferior angle into a sharp projection. Propodos of the second pair rather large, oblong ovate, deeply excavated below for the reception of the point of the dactylos, which is more than half as long as the hand. Colour pale green; antennee red. “ Length }°ths of an inch.” Mr. Stimpson, from whom we have adopted the above description, says that it is closely allied to A. Pugettensis, but is smaller and more compressed, the superior antenne are more setose, and the first pair of gnathopoda are different in shape, the palm being much less oblique. It is common at St. Francisco, living among barnacles and sea- weed, on stones, and the piles of wharfs, in the littoral zone. ORCHESTID 2%. 49 The specimen is preserved in the Museum of the North Pacific Expedition. 26. Allorchestes plumulosus. Allorchestes plumulosus, Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. vol. vi. “In this species the inferior antenne are about one-third as long as the body, and thickly tufted with plumose hairs along the inferior edge,—the terminal joint of the peduncle, and all the joints of the articulate flagellum, except those near the extremity, being provided below with plume-like bundles of branching sete, as well as the usual simple ones above and on the sides. The superior antenne have only a few simple sete, which are, however, of considerable length. The propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda is oblong, two-thirds as broad as long, and rather quadrate than ovate, with the palm curved, less excavated, and with a much less prominent projection at the extremity of the dactylos than in A. seminudus ; the dactylos is scarcely half as long as the propodos. In other cha- racters this species has considerable resemblance to A. seminudus. Colour greenish. “ Length ~°,ths of an inch. “Tt is common on gravelly shores in the littoral zone, near the mouth of San Francisco Bay. * Mus. North Pacific Expedition.” —Stimpson. 27. Allorchestes angustus. Allorchestes angustus, Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, vii, 177; Stimpson, Journ. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. vol. vi. Stimpson says, “ This species may be recognized by its high coxe.”’ Hab. California (Le Conte). Mus, of Prof. Dana, : 28. Allorchestes rubricornis. Allorchestes rubricornis, Stimpson, Exped. China and Japan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Amer, 1856. “Smooth, compressed. Eyes suboval, black, widening below. Inferior antenne two-thirds the length of the body, with 25-articulate fla- gella, articulations nearly as broad as long, with a few short hairs. Superior antenne two-thirds as long as the inferior ones, flagella 13-articulate. Large propodos of male nearly smooth below. Gnathopoda of female slender, with dactyla one-fourth their length. Posterior pair of pleopoda conical. Colour pale olive ; antenne always red. “ Length rds of an inch. * Hab. Ousima, Boninsima.”—Stimpson. 5u AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 29. Allorchestes penicillatus. Allorchestes penicillata, Stimpson, Exped. Japan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Amer, 1855. *« Penultimate and first four joints of the inferior antennz furnished with spreading pencils or plumes of long setae. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda with a long curved spine, ending near the bases of the rami, and nearly equalling them in length. Cox, legs, &e., of medium size, as in A. rubricornis. Colour greenish. “« Length 1 inch. ** Hab. Ousima.”’—Stimpson. 30. Allorchestes Japonicns. Allorchestes Japonica, Stimpson, Exped. Japan, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sei. Amer, 1855. “Smooth posteriorly. Inferior antennz stout, one-fourth as long as the body, and twice as long as the superior ones ; flagella of both with twelve oblong articulations, with extremely short numerous sete. Cephalon rather small; eyes large, black, very broad oval, clesely approaching each other above. Second pair of gnathopoda in male haying the propodos notched below ; posterior pair of pleo- poda very minute; a prominent contraction of the fourth segment of the pleon above. Colour olive; coxz and legs shaded red. “Length } inch. “Hab. Japan.” —Stimpson. 31. Allorchestes Babicus. Amphitoé Babicus, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Scienze di Napohk, p. 178, 1853. «‘Having the antenne very short; superior rather the shorter; flagellum a little longer than the peduncle. Second pair of gna- thopoda having the propodos dilated, upper margin strongly arcuate ; palm oblique, and minutely denticulated and ciliated in the male, smaller and compressed inferiorly in the female. Pe- reiopoda minutely spinulose. “Length 33 lines. “* Hab. Coast of Naples.”—Costa. Costa considers this to be allied to A. Prevostii of Edwards, which differs from A. Milssonii of Rathke only in having the telson double. 32. Allorchestes Gazella. Amphitoé Gazella, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Se. di Napoli, p. 174. ‘Having the antenne very short; the superior pair a little longer ORCHESTID®. 51 than the peduncle of the inferior. Second pair of gnathopoda strongly dilated; palm oblique, serruiate, and spinulose in the male, but very like the first pair in the female. * Length 33 lines. “ Hab. Coast of Naples.””—Costa. Costa considers this closely allied to the preceding species. Doubtful species. 33. Allorchestes punctatus. Enone punctata, Risso, Europe Mérid. p. 97. This species should probably come here ; but Risso’s description is scarcely sufficient to enable me to determine. It may be the young of Amphitoé rubra. ‘«* Enone corpore hyalino, lutescente, lateribus rubro punctatis ; chelis minimis, pedibus secundo pari longissimis, apice ovatis, acutis. “Length 0-015; breadth 0-004 inch. “ Hab. Coasts of the Mediterranean in the spring.””—Risso. 6. NICEA. Nicea, Nicolet, Gay's Chili, vol. iii. p. 237, 1849. Galanthis, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857 ; Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855. Superior and inferior antennse subequal, scarcely longer than the cephalon. The rest of the animal generally resembling Allor- chestes, except the telson, which is deeply cleft (or double ?). 1. Nicea Lubbockiana. (Puare VIII. fig. 3.) B.M. Galanthis Lubbockiana, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 ; Syn- opsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb, 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 164. Eyes rather large and perfectly round. Superior antenne scarcely longer than the cephalon; first articulation of the peduncle largest, second slightly smaller, third still more so; the flagellum likewise decreases in a regular degree, so that the distinction be- tween it and the peduncle is inappreciable. Inferior antenne not longer than the superior. Mandibles much longer than deep, and furnished with a secondary incisive plate; a small tubercle oceupies the position of the appendage. The maxillipeds have a squamose plate arising from the basos and the ischium, both of E 2 or tw AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. which terminate in sharp spines. First pair of gnathopoda small, having the propodos not broader than the carpus, but twice as long as broad; palm oblique and minutely ciliated; a slight pre- jection or small tooth antagonizes against the apex of the dac- tylos ; the carpus is slightly produced inferiorly. Second pair of gnathopoda somewhat larger than the preceding and hke them in form. Cox of the four anterior pairs of legs nearly as deep as the respective segments of the body of the animal. Coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda only half as long as the preceding, Pereiopoda short, robust, and terminating in a sharp, curved, powerful dactylos, which antagonizes, in closing upon the propodos, against two short strong hairs curved at the apex and furnished down one side with a series of flat sharp teeth. Last three pairs of pleopoda very short and stout, their terminal rami being shorter than their respective bases. Telson small, and cleft from the apex to the base. Length 3,ths of an inch. All the segments of the animal are very similar in length—a cir- cumstance that enables it to roll itself into a more circular form than the generality of Amphipods. This affords a diagnosis by which the animal may be readily detected. It is generally free from hairs; a few short ones, however, exist, of a somewhat pyriform shape, with the apex divided into two equal parts. The integument, under the microscope, shows the presence of the T-mark, somewhat modified from Talitrus, &c. The whole structure is also granulated all over, and interspersed with short hairs. Hab. Falmouth (Mr. W. Webster ); Penzance (Mr. Harris and Mr. G. Barlee); Northumberland (Mr. J. Alder). I have named this species after Mr. John Lubbock, whose name is so intimately associated with the study of the Crustacea. 2. Nicea Lucasii. (Prare I. a. fig. 7.) Nicea Lucasii, Micolet, Gay’s Chili, vol. iii. p. 237. I have seen no specimen of this species. It appears to differ from the British form, so far as I can judge from the figure and descrip- tion in Gay’s work, in the shortness of the propodos in both pairs of gnathopoda, and in the singularly tuberculated appearance of the maxillipeds. Dana is inclined to think it synonymous with his genus Allor- chestes ; but its general form is so similar to the preceding species, that I have no doubt they belong to the same. Length ths of an inch. Hab. Coast of Chili (Gay). GAMMARID®. 53 3. Nicea Prevostii. Amphitoé Prevostii, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. t. xx. p. 378, and ser. 2. t. iii. pl. 14. fig. 11; Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 36. “ Cephalon without a rostrum. Superior antenne very short, scarcely passing the peduncle of the inferior ; inferior antennz also short, having about fourteen joints to the flagellum. Eyes oval. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate, not dentated, and not longer than the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos very large; palm nearly straight, and armed with spines; in the female the propodos is not so largely developed ; dactylos very large, and, when closed, forming with the prepodos anoyal. The last two segments of the pleon are rudimentary ; the pleopoda which they support are shorter than those of the fourth segment. Telson two little, short and obtuse stylets. «“ Hab. The Gulf of Naples.” —Milne- Edwards. Upon examining the typical specimen in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, I came to the conclusion that it was synonymous with Nilssonii of Rathke, but unfortunately omitted to observe the cha- racter of the telson. Edwards states it to consist of two little, short stylets,—a circumstance which compels me to arrange it under Necea rather than with Allorchestes, with which in all other respects it appears to be identical. Tribe NATATORIA. The superior antenne never rudimentary. The posterior pair of pleopoda reaching to the extremity of the preceding. The hairs upon the entire animal are generally slight and flexible. The habits of the animals are aquatic. Their common mode of pro- gression, when in the water, is by swimming or walking ; and when accidentally removed from that element, they wriggle along upon their side—a circumstance that has obtained for them the familiar name of “‘Sea-screws.” This tribe, like that of Sanratorta, contains but one family. Fam. 2. GAMMARIDZ, Superior antenn well developed. The inferior antennz inserted in a notch at the infero-anterior angle, and not fused with the cephalon. Maxillipeds unguiculate. The coxve largely developed and squamiform. This family is made up of several subfamilies, which differ from each other in more or less important points. 54 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, Subfamily 1. STEGOCEPHALIDES. Superior and inferior antennz subequal. Coxe of the second pair of gnathopoda and of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda monstrously developed; second pair broader than the preceding. Pereiopoda subequal. Last three pairs of pleopoda styliform. Telson single. Dana established his subfamily StrcocerHaLry& to receive Kréyer’s genus Stegocephalus; but there are several other genera that evi- dently fall within this family, the points of their approximation being of greater importance than those in which they differ. The principal feature, and one which is readily appreciable, is the large size of the coxe of the two anterior pairs of pereiopoda, which are capable of enclosing all the appendages of the animal when rolled together. The genera on the one side approach in character to the OrcuEstID®, and on the other to the Lystanassipes. They may be arranged thus :— a. Superior antenne without an appendage; mandibles without an appendage; posterior pleopoda unibranched. 6. Superior antenne without an appendage; mandibles with an appendage ; posterior pleopoda double-branched. c. Superior antenne with a rudimentary appendage; mandibles without an appendage ; posterior pleopoda double-branched. a. Superior antenne without an appendage ; mandibles without an appendage ; posterior pleopoda unibranched. 1. MONTAGUA. ae me Kroyer (not Leach), Nat. Tids, iv. p. 141, (2) 1. p. 539, Montagua, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis Brit. Amphiphoda, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. The superior antenne are as long as the inferior, and not furnished with a secondary appendage. The mandibles are not furnished with an appendage. The maxillipeds are pediform, unguiculate, and without, or with only rudimentary, squamiform plates. The first pair of gnathopoda are small, subchelate, the coxe not developed into a squamiform plate. The second pair of gna- thopoda are larger than the first, and have the coxee very large, squamiform, deeper than the body, and produced anteriorly, so as to cover the organs of the mouth; the propodos is developed upon the same type as in the first pair. The pereiopoda are subequal ; the coxe of the two anterior pairs are very largely developed, deeper than the body, and produced posteriorly, so as to cover that of the following pair of pereiopoda, The posterior pair of pleopoda GAMMARID&. oD are styliform, unibranched, the ramus biarticulate. The telson is simple and squamiform. The genus is named after Colonel Montagu, the indefatigable natu- ralist who discovered the first species of the genus. 1. Montagua monoculoides. (Puarr VIII. fig. 4.) BM. Montagua monoculoides, Montagu, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xi."p. 4, pl. 2. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synop. Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 166, pl. 10. f. 2 Typhis monoculoides, White, Cat. of Brit. Crust. in B.M. 1600. Gosse, Mar. Zool. p- 140. fig. 252. Cephalon produced into a minute rostrum. Eyes round. Superior antennee gradually lessening to the apex of the flagellum. Inferior antennz stouter than the superior; the peduncle longer and the flagellum shorter than the peduncle of the superior. Mandibles having the incisive edge serrated. Maxillipeds having the pro- podos longer than the two preceding joints. First pair of. gna- thopoda having the inferior angle of the carpus and meros not much produced; the inferior margin of the propodos parallel with the upper; palm oblique, short. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first, but similar in form, having the palm slightly convex, and armed-with two small spines at the inferior angle, where the apex of the dactylos impinges. Pereiopoda subequal, each having a Sharp, strong, hooked dactylos ; the propodos slightly curved, and furnished with two short strong spines upon the lower extremity on the flexible side ; the coxe of the three posterior pairs are small, of the two anterior very large, and, with one similarly developed belonging to the second pair of gnathopoda, form a large lateral shield upon each side, which protects the inferior and posterior appendages of the animal when rolled up. A row of equidistant solitary hairs, placed within the extreme edge, fringes the margin of the two posterior monstrous coxe. The basos of the ante- penultimate pair of pereiopoda is not squamiformly developed ; the two posterior pairs have the basos squamiformly developed and slightly crenated on the posterior margin. Rami of the penultimate pleopoda unequal. Telson ovate, squamiform, dorsally concave. Length ,4,ths of an inch. The colour of this species is pink, with a large blotch of deeper colour upon the centre of the back. It appears to be not uncommon on our shores; it is a sublittoral species probably all over Europe, being found beneath stones in pools near low-water at spring tides. The first specimen was discovered by Colonel Montagu on the Devon- 56 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. shire coast. Ihave had specimens sent to me from the following localities :—Falmouth and Tenby, Mr. W. Webster; Penzance, Mr. Harris and Mr. G. Barlee ; from the Moray Frith, Rev. G. Gordon ; from Skye and the Shetlands, Mr. G. Barlee ; Plymouth, Mr. Howard Stewart. In Mr. Thompson’s Irish Collection it is recorded as procured from Sligo and Belfast Bay. One specimen I obtained from the trawlers is marked all over with red spots. The palm on the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda differs from the normal form in being slightly crenulated ; ~ but I could distinguish no consistent feature that warranted a sepa- ration from the present species. 2. Montagua marina. (Puare VIII. fig. 5.) B.M. Montagua marina, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 166. Eyes round, red. Superior antennz as long as the inferior, with the first two joints of the peduncle subequal, and each longer than the cephalon. Inferior antenne having the last two joints of the peduncle subequal and very long; flagellum short. Maxillipeds having all the joints subequal. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate; palm undefined, fringed with obtuse spines, the three posterior being armed with a secondary cilium; carpus slightly produced inferiorly ; meros considerably produced ante- riorly and inferiorly, the apex fringed with hairs. Second pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos tapering; palm straight, occupying nearly the entire length of the inferior margin, fringed with equidistant, fine, solitary cilia, and armed with an obtuse pointed spine furnished with a secondary cilium near the inferior angle; carpus and meros slightly produced inferiorly. All the pereiopoda having the propodos armed with short spines along the flexible margin. Telson obtusely lanceolate. Length ,3,ths to ,4,ths of an inch. In other respects this species approximates to the preceding. It is pale in colour, being of a pinkish straw, marked with small rosy blotches about the pereion and antenne. Specimens have been sent to me from the coast of Northumberland by Mr. Joshua Alder, from Banff by Mr. Edward, and from Macduff by Mr. Gregor; and I have taken it from trawl-refuse brought up near the Eddystone Lighthouse, Plymouth. A specimen, varying from the type in having the palm on the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda oecupying scarcely more than half of the inferior margin, has been sent to me by my friend Mr. J. Gwynn Jeffreys, having been found by him, on the coast of Piedmont, on the shore. None of the British specimens have been taken in less than 10 fathoms. GAMMARIDE, cod / or 3. Montagua Alderii. (Puare VIL. fig. 6.) B.M. Montagua Alderii, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist, 1857. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 166. Eyes round, red. Superior antenn not so long as the inferior. In- ferior antenne having the peduncle as long as the superior antenne. The first pair of gnathopoda having the meros inferiorly produced, and the carpus not so, while both joints are armed upon the under side with fasciculi of hairs, some simple and others tufted; the propodos having the palm oblique and scarcely defined. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos short, a little longer than broad ; the palm serrated near the base of the dactylos, and deeply emarginate near the inferior angle, which is produced into a tooth. Length .4,ths of an inch. In other respects it approximates to M. marina. The colour, when alive, is straw striped with rose. I have received this species from the coast of Northumberland, where it was taken by Mr. Joshua Alder, in compliment to whom I have named it. 4. Montagua longimana, n.s. (Puare IX. fig. 1.) B.M. Superior antenne shorter than the inferior. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda four times as long as broad. Inferior margin parallel with the superior ; palm short, oblique, and armed with a tooth at the inferior angle. Length ,),th of an inch. Hab. Piedmont (Mr. J. Gwynn Jeffreys). 5. Montagua pollexiana. (Prare IX. fig. 2.) B.M, Montagua pollexiana, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1857 ; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 167. Superior antenne longer than the inferior. The inferior antennze haying the peduncle reaching to the middle of the flagellum of the superior. ‘The maxillipeds having the carpus, propodos, and dactylos of equal length, and longer than the preceding joints. The first pair of gnathopoda having the meros inferiorly produced, and fringed with hairs; the carpus longer than the propodos, and fringed with hairs, but not inferiorly produced ; the pro- podos three times as long as broad; palm short, straight, oblique. The second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus shorter than the propodos ; the propodos as long again as broad; palm advanced, deeply notched just inside the inferior angle, which is produced ~ 58 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, into a tooth, internally concave. Pereiopoda having the dactylos crenulated upon the flexible side, and terminating in a curved sharp point. The penultimate pair of pleopoda have the rami nearly equal in length. Telson lanceolate. Length ,3,ths of an inch. I received this species from my kind friend Mr. George Barlee, who took it with the dredge at St. Ives, on the north coast of Cornwall, as well as in the Shetlands. 6. Montagua glacialis. (Prare IX. fig. 3.) Leueothoé glacialis, Kréyer, Nat. Tids. iv. p. 141, pl. 6. f. 3a; Voy. en Scand. pl. 22. f. 3. Eyes round. Superior antenne as long as the inferior. Inferior antenne having the peduncle not longer than the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus broader than the propodos, and not inferiorly produced ; propodos broader . at the palm than near the carpus; palm not oblique; inferior angle broadly rounded; dactylos longer than the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos narrow; the palm ex- tremely oblique, almost parallel with the superior margin, curved at the inferior angle, with a sharp denticle: a small denticle exists on the palm near the base of the dactylos. Telson rounded. The above description is taken from Kroyer’s figure, which I have also copied, not having seen a specimen of the species, Hab, Greenland ? 7. Montagua clypeata. (Prax IX. fig. 4.) Leucothoé clypeata, Kréyer, Nat. Tids, iv. p. 141, pl. 6. f. 2a, (2) i. p. 539, 1845; Voy. en Scand. pl. 22. f. 2a. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Forhandi. 1851. Eyes small. Superior antenne longer than the inferior. Inferior antenn having the peduncle considerably longer than the pedun- cle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the meros produced inferiorly, terminating obtusely, and ciliated; the carpus longer than the propodos, and not produced inferiorly, ciliated ; propodos very long, and ciliated superiorly and inferiorly towards the extremity; palm inappreciable ; dactylos very short. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos quadrate, a little broader at the palm than posteriorly ; palm slightly convex and ciliated, armed at the inferior angle with a strong tooth. I have not seen any specimen of this species; the description is therefore dependent upon the accuracy of M. Kroyer’s drawing, which is also repeated. Hab. Coast of Norway (Liljebory). bed | © GAMMARID UE, 8. Montagua Guerinii. (Pare IX. fig. 5.) Female—Eyes round. Superior antenne as long as the inferior ; the peduncle of the inferior not longer than the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda as large as the second, and of the same form, ovate; palm not defined; inferior margin ciliated, and furnished with two small teeth close together at the base of the dactylos; dactylos curved, long, reaching to the posterior extremity of the inferior margin; the carpus and meros are not produced inferiorly. Hab. Madagascar ( Guérin-Méneville). Collection of M. Guérin-Méneville. I am indebted for this species to M. Guérin-Méneville, having copied it from an unpublished drawing in his collection, and have associated it with his name. The animal is figured rolled up: in this position the coxze of the second pair of gnathopoda may cover those of the first, without their being diminutive. Should this be the case, it will probably belong to the genus Stenothoé. To the female of S. validus it bears a strong resemblance; in fact. it only appears to differ in the large size of the first pair of gnathopoda, and the shortness of the peduncle of the inferior pair of antenne. 2. DANATA. Danaia, Spence Bate, Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann, Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Antenne simple, subequal. Mandibles without an appendage. Maxillipeds pediform. First pair of gnathopoda simple; the cox not largely developed. ‘Second pair of gnathopoda subchelate ; coxee largely developed. First and second pairs of pereiopoda having the coxe very large; coxe of the second excavated, to receive the coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda. Posterior pair of pleopoda unibranched, the ramus biarticulate. Telson simple. The genus is named after Professor Dana, to whom science is in- debted for a valuable work on Crustacea. 1. Danaia dubia. (Pare X. fig. 1.) Danaia dubia, Spence Bate, Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist, Feb. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 167. Cephalon produced into a long straight rostrum; the ocular margin produced into a point nearly as long as the rostrum. Eyes round, small, Superior antenne longer than the inferior; the peduncle of the inferior longer than the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda long, slight, not subchelate, and without a 60 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. squamiform coxa. Second pair of gnathopoda having the coxa very deep and pectinated along the inferior margin; the carpus produced inferiorly ; the propodos narrower near the carpal arti- culation than at the palm, which is slightly oblique, convex, and fringed with hairs, inferior margin nearly parallel with the superior, superior margin arcuate. The first pair of pereiopoda long, slender, having the coxa very deep, the inferior margin pectinated. The second pair of pereiopoda have the coxa very large, the inferior edge fringed with five or six equidistant solitary cilia situated above the margin. The third pair of pereiopoda have the coxa about half as deep as the preceding; the basos squamiformly developed, and similar in form and length to the two posterior pairs. The three anterior segments of the pleon are dorsally, but not importantly, produced posteriorly. The penultimate and antepenultimate pairs of pleopoda have each their rami unequal. The posterior pair of pleopoda are shorter than the preceding. This species was taken from some trawl-refuse brought from near the Eddystone Lighthouse. I have selected the specific name because, having seen but one specimen, I am in doubt as to the correctness of some of the minuter details. Unfortunately the animal of this very pretty species has not been preserved. 3. STENOTHOE. Stenothoé, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 923. Antenne simple. Mazxillipeds pediform, having a rudimentary squamiform process upon the basos only. The coxe of the first pair of gnathopoda, as well as the cox of the three succeeding pairs of appendages, largely developed. The basos of the ante- penultimate pair of pereiopoda squamiformly developed, as well as of the two posterior pairs, all of which are subequal. First pair of gnathopoda small, the second very large. Posterior pair of pleo- poda unibranched, the ramus biarticulate. Telson squamiform. This genus was founded by Dana to receive a species which he obtained at Rio Janeiro. It appears to be the representative, upon the American shores, of our genus Montagua, from which it differs in no very great degree. 1. Stenothoé validus. (Pras IX. fig. 6.) Stenothoé validus, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 924. pl. 68. f. 1. “ Male.—Coxe very large, fifth quite small. Eyes small and round. The four antenne subequal; base of inferior pair longer than GAMMARID®. 61 flagellum, and nearly twice as long as base of superior pair; joints of flagellum oblong, nearly naked. First pair of gnathopoda furnished with a propodos, which is oblong, arcuate above, and rather more so below; the palm nearly longitudinal, and not excavate. The propodos of second pair of very unusual magnitude, oblong; margins nearly parallel; an obtuse tooth at the lower apex; dactylos long and stout. Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of pereiopoda subequal, the third smallest ; basos broad, meros rather broad, the carpus and propodos rather narrow ; sete exceedingly short, not one-fourth as long as breadth of joint. Female.—Base of second antenne as long as the flagellum. Second pair of gnathopoda having a stout propodos, which is oblong, arcuate below, with the palm nearly straight, and armed with a small tooth towards the apex. «Length three to four lines. ‘¢ Hab, Rio Janeiro.”’—Dana. ‘ ~ 2. Stenothoe clypeatus. (Prare IX. fig. 7.) B.M. Stenothoé clypeata, Stimpson, Mar. Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 51. Eyes round. Superior antenne shorter than the inferior. Inferior antenne having the peduncle rather longer than the superior antenn ; flagellum not longer than the last articulation of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate ; palm not defined. Second pair of gnathopoda having the supe- rior margin of the propodos arcuate ; palm near the base of the dactylos denticulated, not oblique; towards the inferior angle deeply excavate, the concave margin running parallel with the superior margin; the inferior angle of the palm produced into a long sharp tooth, the inferior margin very short. Length half an inch. Hab. Grand Manan (Stimpson). The specimen from which the above description is taken was forwarded to me by the author of the species. b. Superior antenne without an appendage ; mandibles with an appendage ; posterior pleopoda double-branched. 4, PLEUSTES. Pleustes, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser, 3. vol. i. p. 862, 1858, The antenne simple. Coxe of the two pairs of gnathopoda and the two anterior pairs of pereiopoda very largely developed. Coxa 62 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. of the second pair of pereiopoda very deeply excavated upon the | upper part of the posterior margin to receive the coxa of the third pair of pereiopoda. The two pairs of gnathopoda subequal anduniform. Mandibles having an articulated appendage. Max- illipeds pediform, having a rudimentary squamiform plate on both the basos and ischium joints. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda alike, styliform, double-branched. Telson simple, squa- miform. This genus differs from Stenothoé in having an appendage to the mandibles and two rami to the posterior pair of pleopoda. The species of this genus are generally more or less tuberculated. 1. Pleustes tuberculatus. (Prater IX. fig. 8.) Pleustes tuberculata, Spence Bate, Ann. § Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. vol. i. p- 362, 1858. Cephalon produced into a sharp rostrum. Dorsal surface of the pereion and the anterior part of the pleon carinated ; an elevation on each side of the carina on the anterior segments of the pereion, which gradually increases posteriorly until it assumes the form of a tubercle, highest upon the second segment of the pleon, and widest (plate-like longitudinally) upon the third and fourth, and continued smaller to the last: lateral to these, a second row of tubercles, or rather obtuse ridges, commencing with the first, and traversing the margin of all the segments of the pereion and the first two segments of the pleon, in a continuous line. Analogous eminences exist upon the cox of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda. Eyes round. Superior antenne longer than the inferior. Gnathopoda subequal, ovate; palm extremely oblique, nearly as long as the inferior margin, furnished with two small teeth at the inferior angle. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda like the two preceding, but shorter, styliform, naked, double-branched, the rami unequal. Telson quadrate, squamiform. Length }iths of an inch. Hab. Arctic Regions. The type, on which the genus is founded, and from which this species is figured, is in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, to the Council of which I am indebted for the loan of this and many other specimens. The habitat of the animal is not specified; but I found it in a bottle along with other known Arctic species. I am also in- debted for the loan of a specimen to Mr, Albany Hancock, which was dredged in N. lat. 66° 30’, W. long. 68°, by Messrs. Warham and Harrison. GAMMARID, 63 2. Pleustes panoplus. (Puare IX. fig. 9.) B.M. Amphitoé py Kroyer, Groin. Amf. p. 42, pl. 2. £. 9. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. ii. p. 41. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kong. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 1851. This species differs from P. tuberculata in the absence of the tubercles, particularly upon the posterior portion of the animal, and in the shortness of the rostrum. It is dorsally carinated, and has a ridge traversing the sides. Length }4ths of an inch. Hab. Coast of Greenland (Kroyer); North Atlantic (Barrett). ce, Superior antenne with a rudimentary appendage ; mandibles with- out an appendage ; posterior pleopoda double-branched. 5. STEGOCEPHALUS. Stegocephalus, Kroyer, Naturtidsk. iv. p. 150. Cephalon short. Antennz short; superior pair furnished with a secondary appendage. Mandibles without an appendage, with a secondary plate only on the left mandible. Maxillipeds having the second and third joints produced into a squamiform plate. Gna- thopoda not subchelate. Coxe of the gnathopoda and the two anterior pairs of pereiopoda very large. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda uniform. Telson squamiform, cleft. 1. Stegocephalus Ampulla. (Prare X. fig. 2.) B.M. Cancer Ampulla, Phipps, Voy. au Pole Boréale, (App.) pl. 12. f. 2. Gammarus Ampulla, Sabine, Parry’s First Voyage, (Suppl.) p. 229. Ross, Parry's Polar Voyage, (Suppl.) p. 204. Lysianassa (?) Ampulla, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 22. Stegocephalus inflatus, Krdyer, Naturtidsk. iv. 150, 1842. Stegocephalus Ampulla, Bell, Belcher’s Last of the Aretie Voyages, ( App.) p. 406, pl. 35. fig. 1. Cephalon very short, being half as long as the first segment of the pereion, produced into a short rostrum, incurved. Pereion arcu- ated and inflated. Pleon a little compressed laterally. Eyes not visible in the dead animal. Superior antenne thicker than the inferior, having the flagellum longer than the peduncle, and furnished with a minute secondary appendage consisting of a single joint. Inferior antenne having the peduncle longer than the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda scarcely smaller than the second, and uniform with them. The second pair haying the carpus as broad as the propodos; the inferior margin of the propodos furnished with stout obtuse hairs fringed with cilia, Pereiopoda subequal, the coxe of the last three pairs 64 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. short. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda double-branched, styliform, naked, the last not longer than the preceding. Telson squamiform, narrowing from the base, cleft at the apex. Length rather more than one inch. Hab. Northumberland Sound (Sir Edward Belcher). Spitzbergen and other places in the Arctic regions. A specimen lent to me by Mr. Albany Hancock was dredged in about 66° 30’ N. lat. and 68° W. long., by Messrs. Warham and Harrison. Subfamily 2. LYSIANASSIDES. Superior antenne very short, thick at the base and suddenly tapering. Coxe of the four anterior pairs of appendages very deep, the fourth not broader than the preceding. This subfamily may be readily distinguished by the form of the animal, which is not much compressed, the shortness of the second and third joints of the peduncle of the superior antenne, and the depth of the coxe of the four anterior pairs of legs. The first pair of gnathopoda are, generally, short and strong, the second long (induced by the great development of the ischium and carpus) and feeble: an exception exists in Callisoma, where the first are feeble and the second strong. It is one of the most natural of the sub- families. The genera may be arranged thus :— a. Those that have the second pair of gnathopoda feeble and imperfectly cheliform, and the first strong. b. Those that have the second pair of gnathopoda robust and cheliform, and the first feeble. a. Second pair of gnathopoda feeble and imperfectly cheliform, and the first strong. 6, LYSIANASSA. Lysianassa, Edwards, Ann. Se. Nat. t. xx.; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 20, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 908. Superior antennz pyriform, very short, stouter than the inferior, and furnished with a secondary appendage. Mandibles haying an appendage ; the incisive edge not furnished with teeth; armed upon the anterior margin with a stout tubercle; secondary or moveable plate wanting. Maxillipeds with large squamiform processes attached to the third and fourth joints. First pair of enathopoda not subchelate. The second pair subchelate, imper- fectly developed, long, and membranous. Ischium and carpus long. Dactylos rudimentary. Coxe of the gnathopoda and the GAMMARID&, 65 two anterior pairs of pereiopoda deeper than their respective seg- ments of the pereion ; those of the second pair of pereiopoda pro- duced inferiorly and posteriorly. Coxze of the fourth pair much shorter than the third. Pereiopeda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda double-branched. Telson single, squamiform, entire. 1. Lysianassa nugax. (Parr X. fig. 3.) BM. Cancer nugax, Phipps, Voy. au Péle Boréale, p. 192. pl. 12. f. 3. palius, nugax, Ross, Parry’s Third Voyage, p. 119, and Polar Voyage, aaa nugax, Sabine, Supp. to Parry’s First Voyage, p. ecxxix. Owen, Supp. to Ross's Second Voyage in Search of a N.W. Passage, p- Ixxxvil. Lysianassa bidenticulata, Spence Bate, Ann. N. H. May 1858, p. 362. Anonyx levigatus, Stimpson, MS. Eyes ovate, light brown. Superior antenne short. Inferior an- tenn not longer than the superior. Epistome rounded in front, projecting, wedge-shaped. Maxillipeds having a long dactylos; squamiform processes marked with radiating stria. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus short, the propodos long, the dac- tylos short and slightly bent. Secend pair of gnathopoda with the carpus long, propodos very short, palm adyanced. Meros, carpus, and propodos tufted with short hairs and fasciculi of leng hairs. The third segment of the pleon having a short obtuse tooth near the middle of the posterior margin and another at the inferior angle. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami not longer than the basal articulation. Telson slightly cleft. Length 11 inch. Hab. Arctic Ocean (Stimpson, Ross, Phipps, &c.). The drawing from which the figure is taken was made from a specimen in the Royal College of Surgeons; it is split in two halves, and consequently had already been examined ; it is probably the original of the one described in ‘ Ross’s Voyage.’ I have also compared it with Anonyw levigatus of Stimpson, a specimen having been sent to me by my valued correspondent the industrious Zoologist of the United States’ Expedition to Japan. I am therefore enabled to identify them. 2. Lysianassa Kroyeri. (Prater X. fig. 4.) B.M. ee te Kroyeri, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser, 2. vol, i. p. 226, 1848, and Zool. Erebus 8 Terror, pl. 5. Animal not much compressed, smoothly arcuate ; a dorsal sinus in the fourth segment of the pleon. Eyes reniform. Superior antennse having the first joint of the peduncle reaching scarcely beyond the ocular process of the cephalon, the second and third joints very F 66 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. short ; the flagellum not longer than the pedunele. Inferior antennse three times as long as the superior, the peduncle not extending beyond the peduncle of the superior flagellum. First pair of gna- thopoda having the propodos nearly three times as long as the carpus, and armed upon the under side with a strong curved spine near the base of the dactylos, Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos a little shorter than the carpus, and both inferiorly covered with minute denticles; the propodos furnished upon the superior margin with tufts of long hair, serrated on both margins ; palm short, inferior angle produced into a tubercle ; dactylos not so long as the palm, Coxe of the second pair of pereiopoda having the lower half of the posterior margin greatly produced. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami much longer than the basal arti- culation. Length one inch. Hab. Van Diemen’s Land (Sir J. C. Ross). The figure and description are taken from Mr. White’s typical specimen. 3. Lysianassa Magellanica. (Prater X. fig. 5.) Lysianassa Magellanica, Edwards. Lucas, Anim. nour. ou rares dans les parties Australes del? Amérique du Sud, par Francis de Castelnau; Entomol. par M. H. Lucas. Cephalon short and small. Pereion arcuate; segments deep, not much compressed. Antenne subequal,slight. First pair of gna- thopoda having the carpus shorter than the propodos; second pair having the-propodos and carpus subequal. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda short, stout, subequal; basos round ; posterior mar- gin smooth, overlapping the ischium. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami styliform, clean, scarcely longer than the base. Length about three inches. Hab. Magellan (M. a’ Orbigny). The figure was traced from a plate, through the great kindness of M. Lucas, before the publication of his work, and corrected from a specimen—the original type, I believe, of M. Milne-Edwards—pre- served in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. 4. Lysianassa nasuta. (Puate X. fig. 6.) Lysianassa nasuta, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 915. pl. 62. “Body much compressed. Coxe very large. Eyes reniform. Su- perior antenne short, longer than the inferior; flagellum about seven-jointed, appendage three- or four-jointed. First pair of gnathopoda with a small dactylos, not longer than one-third of GAMMARID®. 67 the propodos ; propodos oblong, narrower at apex ; seta not more than half as long as the joint. Second pair of gnathopoda ending in a spatulate joint, which is rounded at the apex, and has an obsolete claw at the middle of the apical margin. First and second pairs of gnathopoda setose below, the seta rather long ; three posterior pairs gradually increasing in length ; the propodos of the last pair slender, with the sete hardly half the diameter of the joint in length. “Length of body five lines. “ Hab. Rio Janeiro; Brazil.”—Dana. 5. Lysianassa variegata. (Parte X. fig. 7.) BM. Anonyx variegatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. U.S. 1855. Eyes reniform, black, Superior antennz having the flagellum scarcely as long as the peduncle ; second appendage four-jointed. Inferior antennz not longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos. Second pair of gna- thopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos ; palm deeply cleft; inferior angle obtusely produced ; tufted inferiorly with short hairs, and superiorly, at the extremity of the propodos, with long ones, slightly curved and ciliated upon the concave margin, on the convex furnished with a short process near the apex. Posterior edge of the basos of the three posterior pairs of pleopoda smooth ; posterior pair of pleopoda with the rami not longer than the base. Length about }?ths of an inch. Hab. Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope (Stimpson). The figure is taken from a specimen sent to me by the author. With the exception of the deeply-cleft palm of the second pair of gnatho- poda, I can perceive but little difference in it from L. Costa. 6. Lysianassa appendiculata. (Pure X. fig. 8.) Lysianassa appendiculata, Kroyer, Grén. Amyip. pl. 1. f. 2. Edw. Hist. des Crust, t. iii. p. 21. Eyes long, narrow above, broad below, curved (like an inverted comma). Inferior pair of antennz longer than the superior, having each joint of the flagellum broader than long, and furnished with a small (shoe-shaped ?) caleeola*. Posterior margin of the basos of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda serrated. * This term has been suggested and used by Stimpson for the small membra- nous appendages, which often resemble an inverted shoe, upon the flagellum of the inferior pair of antennw. Mr. Stimpson informs me that they characterize the males only. They certainly are not common to all males, but appear to be more numerous in Transatlantic species than in European. F2 68 AMPHIPODA NORMALTA, This short description is taken from Kriyer’s figure, and from which our own is copied. Hab, Greenland (Kréyer). 7. Lysianassa Vahlii. (Prarte X. fig. 9.) Lysianassa Vahlii, Kroyer, Grdn. Amyip. pl. 1. f. 1. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 21. Anonyx Vahlii, Aréyer, Voyage en Scand. pl. 14. f. la. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 1851. Much like Z. Kréyeri, but having no dorsal sinus upon the pleon, Eyes oval. Superior antenne short ; inferior not longer than the superior.” Coxe very deep. Coxa of the fourth pair of pereiopoda produced inferiorly and posteriorly to quite half the breadth of the fifth. Hab. Greenland (Kréyer). I have seen no specimen of this species. Kréyer appears to hesitate as to whether it should be referred to Anonyw or to this genus. 8. Lysianassa Atlantica. (Pate X. fig. 10.) B.M. Gammarus Atlanticus, Edw. Ann. Sc. Nat. t. xx, Lysianassa Atlantica, Edw. Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 22. Lysianassa marina, Spence Bate, Synops. Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 168. Opis typica, White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 165; Cat. B.M. 1850, p. 49. Superior antenne having the first joint of the peduncle thick ; upper surface arcuate ; second and third joints very short; flagellum not so long as the peduncle. Inferior antenne having the peduncle reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the superior ; flagellum twice as long as the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda long, slender, having the carpus and propodos subequal. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus a little longer than the propodos ; palm at right angles with the inferior margin, slightly ciliate ; upper margin of propodos fringed with several long hairs. Pereio- poda subequal; posterior pair of pleopoda lanceolate, clean. Length 5§,ths of an inch The specimen in the Collection of the Jardin des Plantes, from which Milne-Edwards described the species, and which I have had an opportunity of examining, was found in the Atlantic Ocean. That from which the figure is taken was dredged in Plymouth Sound. Mr. Edward, the industrious naturalist of Banff, has sent it to me from that locality. Hab. Ireland, Strangford Loch (Mr. W. Thompson). . GAMMARID_E, 69 9, Lysianassa Coste. (Prater X. fig. 11.) B.M. Lysianassa Coste, Edw. Ann, des Sci. Nat. t. xx. p. 365. pl. 10. £. 17 ; Hist. des Crust, t. iii. p. 21. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 167. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist, Feb. 1857. Gammarus glaber, (Spinola) White, Cat. Brit. Mus. (Crustacea), 1847. Eyes reniform, brown, moderately large. Superior antennx with the peduncle as long as the cephalon ; the flagellum searcely as long as the peduncle. Inferior antennze not longer than the superior ; pe- duncle same length as the superior. Epistome rounded in advanee, wedge-shaped. Mandibles long and narrow ; anterior margin near the incisive edge furnished with a small projecting tubercle or blunt tooth. Maxillipeds with a short dactylos ; the squamiform process not denticulated, but slightly crenulated. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos scarcely longer than the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda with the propodos much shorter than the carpus. Third, fourth, and fifth pairs of pereiopoda with the pos- terior margin of the basos crenulated, each depression marked with a minute hair, Rami of the posterior pair of pleopoda not so long as the peduncle. Telson simple. Length of British specimen 1,ths of an inch. Holbéll has taken it at Sukkertopper, Greenland, in forty fathoms. I have dredged it at Plymouth; Mr. Webster has also dredged it at Tenby. The Marquis of Spinola presented specimens to the British Museum, from the shores of Italy ; and Edwards described the type, which is preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes, from a specimen taken at Naples. 10. Lysianassa Audouiniana. (Pare XI. fig. 1.) BM. Lysianassa Audouiniana, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1855; Synops. Brit. Amph., Ann, Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. A, White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 168. Cephalon short. Pereion long, arcuate. Eyes large, oblong, broader below than above; white, with black spots. Superior antenne having the flagellum shorter than the peduncle. Inferior antennse having the peduncle not so long as the peduncle of the superior ; flagellum rudimentary. First pair of gnathopoda having the dac- tylos slightly curved, furnished below with two minute short teeth or spines, Second pair of gnathopoda having the inferior angle of the palm advanced, so as to be almost chelate, fringed inferiorly and superiorly with long simple hairs. Pereiopoda robust, sub- equal. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami styli- form, slightly curved, clean: penultimate pair having the rami like the preceding, but minutely serrated upon the posterior mar- 70 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. gin: ultimate pair having the rami dissimilar, the outer one bi- articulate, the first joint serrated posteriorly, the second clean ; the inner ramus clean, dorsally serrated anteriorly. Length ,4ths of an inch. Dredged in Plymouth Sound (C.S. B.). Colour, corneous yellow. 11. Lysianassa longicornis. (Prats XI. fig. 2.) B.M. Lysianassa ? longicornis, Lucas, Algérie, pl. . £. 2. Lysianassa Chausica, Spence Bate, Syncps. Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. H ist. Feb. 1857 (not Edwards). White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 168. Cephalon having the ocular processes produced to a point, rather turned down, and half as long as the first joint of the peduncle of the superior antenne. Eyes reniform, black. Superior antenne haying the peduncle much longer than the flagellum ; complement- ary appendage nearly as long as the flagellum. Inferior antennz having the last joint of the peduncle longer than all the others, and reaching to the extremity of the superior antenne ; the fla- gellum is very long, longer than the entire animal, very slight, and generally folded back beneath the body ; each joint is a little longer than broad, and carries a calceola and two small hairs. Epistome rounded, projecting. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus shorter than the propodos. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos, tufted with short hairs inferiorly and long hairs superiorly. Last three segments of the pleon suddenly smaller ; posterior pair of pleopoda longer than the preceding, fringed with plumose hairs. Length about half an inch. Colour orange, mottled with red. It is perhaps the most beautiful species of the genus. M. Lucas, to whom I have to express great obligation for allow- ing me to examine specimens from his private collection of Amphi- poda, described this species from a specimen found on the coast of Algiers, which appears to be identical with the British. The specimen from which our figure is taken was dredged in Plymouth Sound. I have received a fragment of one from my valued correspondent Mr. Edward,-of Banff. 12. Lysianassa? Brasiliensis. (Prater XI. fig. 3.) Lysianassa ? Brasiliensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 914. pl. 62. f. 1. ‘‘ Body much compressed ; cox very large. Eyesreniform. Supe- rior antennz short, less than a fourth of the body in length; fla- gellum twice as long as base, about ten-jointed, appendage seven- GAMMARID.&, 41 jointed. Inferior antennz about two-thirds as long as body, often bent backwards and concealed beneath the cox; the peduncle short, having the penultimate joint very stout. Two anterior pairs of gnathopoda similar, slender. First pair of pereiopoda longer than second; third to fifth gradually increasing in length ; posterior margin of first joint serrulate. **« Length about one-fourth of an inch. * Colour a tinge of green. “« Hab, Rio Janeiro, about the sand-beach near the Sugar-loaf.”— Dana. The author observes that, “not having specimens, it is possible that the gnathopoda may be imperfectly subchelate, on which ac- count it may be nearer Anonywx than Lysianassa.” 13. Lysianassa spinicornis. Lysianassa spinicornis, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Se. di Napoli, p. 172, 1853. “‘ Having the first joint of the peduncle of the superior antenns pro- duced anteriorly and inferiorly into a spine; third joint scarcely shorter than the second ; flagellum as long as the peduncle. In- ferior antenne a little shorter than the superior, flagellum scarcely longer than the peduncle. Eyes very large. Second pair of gna- thopoda having a dactylos. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal in length. * Length 3} lines. “ Hab, Coast of Naples.”—Costa. 14, Lysianassa loricata. Lysianassa loricata, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Se. di Napoh, p- 172, 1853. “‘ Antenne subequal; joints of the superior considerably decreasing ; flagellum as long as the peduncle ; flagellum of the inferior half as long again as the peduncle. Second pair of gnathopoda having a ' minute dactylos. Fourth pair of pleopoda distinctly surpassing the fifth, and the fifth the sixth. “ Length four lines. “ Hab, Coast of Naples.”—Costa. 15. Lysianassa humilis. Lysianassa humilis, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Se. di Napoli, p. 172, 1853. “ Antenne short, subequal. Third joint of the peduncle of the su- 72 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. perior antennx nearly as long as the second; flagellum scarcely shorter than the peduncle. Second pair of gnathopoda without a dactylos. Pleopoda subequal in length, * Length three lines. “ Hab. Coast of Naples.” —Costa. 7. ANONYX. Anonyx, Aréyer, Grénland, Amfipoda; Tidskr. ii. p. 256. Superior antenne short; the peduncle very large at the base, and furnished with a secondary appendage. Mandibles with a smooth incisive margin and no secondary plate, and having an appendage. First pair of gnathopoda subchelate; second pair long, slender, feeble, rudimentary, subchelate. Telson single, squamiform, cleft. The genus Anonyx was founded by Kroyer to receive those crus- tacea that differ from Zysianassa in having the first pair of gnatho- poda prehensile. This is the only generic character in which they are separated from each other, and without examination it is not possible to distinguish one from the other. It is also probable that future research may show this to be only a sexual distinction in some species, 1. Anonyx longicornis, n.s. (Pxare XI. fig. 4.) B.M. The central dorsal line slightly carinated. Third segment of the pleon tubereulated at the posterior dorsal margin; the fourth marked with a deep dorsal sinus, and elevated posteriorly into a tubercle or blunt tooth. Superior antenne very short, scarcely reaching beyond the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the infe- rior ; the first joint of the peduncle of the superior antenne con- siderably produced above into a squamous process, which stands out, prominently when the antenne are bent down. Inferior antennze having the last joint of the peduncle very long, and swelling near the middle beneath ; flagellum having the joints long and slender, reaching beyond the entire length of the animal (each furnished with a calceola). First pair of gnathopoda long and slight; the carpus longer than the propodos, both cylindrical ; palm short, concave. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos nearly as long as the carpus; inferior angle produced anteriorly, almost chelate; dactylos short. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos produced inferiorly, extending beyond the ischium, and partly over the meros; meros broad and angular. Ante- and penultimate pairs of pleopoda having the rami clean ; the posterior pair are longer, slightly curved, more so on the upper GAMMARID.X. 73 margin of each ramus than on the lower, plumose. ‘Telson long, cleft. Length half an inch. Hab. Shetland (Mr. G. Barlee). 2, Anonyx Edwardsii. (Pxare XI. fig. 5.) BM. Anonyx Edwardsii, Kroyer, Voy. Scand. pl. 16. f. 2 Brandt, Voyage de Middendorf, pl. xi. f. 7. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc, Rep, 1855; Synops. Se. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 1851. Eyes reniform ; white, with black spots. Superior antenne having the peduncle as long as the cephalon, rounded above ; flagellum not longer than the peduncle ; first joint nearly half the length of the flagellum ; secondary appendage nearly as long as the flagellum. Inferior antennze about the same length as the superior. Epistome produced, rounded. Maxillipeds having the squamiform plate cre- nulate. First pair of gnathopoda short, stout, having the carpus and propodos subequal. Second pair long, having the propodos half as long as the carpus ; dactylos rudimentary, tufted inferiorly with short hairs, and the propodos superiorly with long ones. Basos of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda covering the ischium, and having the’posterior margin crenulate and fringed with solitary hairs. The posterior pair of pleopoda short, the rami scarcely longer than the base. Telson deeply cleft. Length ¥,ths of an inch. This description and figure are taken froma British specimen. It differs from Kréyer’s figure in having the palm of the first pair of gnathopoda smooth, whereas in Kroyer’s it is slightly serrated. The inner edge of the dactylos is also serrated ; this, too, I have observed in some specimens. In our figure there is likewise a slight crenula- tion along the posterior margin of the three anterior segments of the pleon, which would probably be overlooked without dissection under a good magnifying power. I think that, not having had an opportunity of examining the type, it is better to consider the present as the typical species, than to erect another upon characters so slight. I have received this species from the Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon), Banff (Mr. Edward), Falmouth ae W. Webster), and have dredged it in Plymouth Sound. 3, Anonyx tumidus. (Purare XI, fig. 6.) Anonyx tumidus, Kroyer, Voy. Scand. pl. 16. f. 1. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk, Akad. Forhandl. 1851. This species, from Kréyer’s figure, so closely resembles A, Ed- wardsi, that, without an examination of a recognized specimen, I should hesitate to define it. 74 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, 4, Anonyx obesus, n.s. (Pate XII. fig. 1.) B.M. Animal not much compressed ; three posterior segments of the pleon very short, the three anterior very deep. Superior antenne having a secondary appendage as long as the flagellum ; inferior antenne scarcely longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda strong, having the propodos tapering; palm very oblique, em- bracing nearly the whole of the inferior margin, and defined by one or two short stout spines ; carpus produced inferiorly ; the superior margins of the carpus and propodos together arcuate. Second pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus and propodos sub- equal, and tufted with cilia, Three posterior pairs of pleopoda clean. Telson obtuse, cleft into two round plates. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Mr. Edward). The animal may be readily distinguished from the other species by its fat and corpulent appearance, from which its name is derived. 5. Anonyx denticulatus. (Prare XII. fig. 2.) B.M. Anonyx denticulatus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Syn- opsis, §¢., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Pleon having the infero-posterior angle of the second and third segments produced into a tooth, that of the third long, and directed upwards at right angles to the posterior margin of the segment. Superior antenne having the second joint of the pedun- cle short; third very short, shorter below than above; second- ary appendage consisting of one long and two short joints; first joint of flagellum longer than secondary appendage, and furnished upon the inner side with two longitudinal series of transverse rows of short hairs; the remaining joints of the flagellum (about 15) together scarcely longer than the first joint. Inferior pair of an- tenn more than half the length of the animal. Mandibles having each extremity of the incisive edge produced beyond the inter- mediate portion, and having short obtuse spines on the squami- form plate. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus as long as the propodos; the palm convex, not defined, continuous with the inferior margin, distinctly pectinated; dactylos long, simple. Second pair of gnathopoda minutely chelate, and protected and hid by much hair, fringed at the margin. Pereiopoda having the dactylos very long. Posterior pair of pleopoda scarcely longer than the preceding. Telson oval, deeply cleft, the apex of each division terminating in a minute obtuse spine. Length ,4ths of an inch. Some of the hairs upon the propodos of the first pair of gnatho- GAMMARID.&, 75 poda terminate in a trident ; others have the point reflexed, so as to form a elub-shaped extremity. Under the microscope, a little mem- branous cap or hood is seen to be attached to the extremity of the dactylos, which is pointed and solid, and overtops the sharp point,— an unusual appendage, which may enable the animal to expose or cover the unguiculate extremity at will. This species appears to be rare, and peculiar to the North; I have only received it from the Moray Frith. It has been sent to me by my valued correspondents the Rev. George Gordon and Mr. Edward. 6. Anonyx exiguus. (Prater XII. fig. 3.) B.M. oe exiguus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 51, Pleon having “ the third segment tumid posteriorly, and curved down towards the fourth;”’ the posterior margin deeply concave; the infero-posterior angle produced and directed upwards; fourth segment having a deep dorsal sinus. Pereiopoda having the dac- tylos long and slender ; basos of the three posterior margins deeply serrated along the posterior margin. Length ;4,ths of an inch. “Colour yellowish.” “ Dredged on sandy bottoms in 8-15 fathoms, east of the passage off Cheney’s Head, Grand Manan.””—Stimpson. The figure and description are taken from a specimen forwarded to me by the author. 7. Anonyx Holbollii, (Pxrare XII. fig. 4.) B.M. Anonyx Holbéllii, Kréyer, Voy. Scand. Spence Bate, Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1855 ; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 170. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk, Akad. Forhandl. 1851. Eyes oblong, red. Superior antennz half as long as the inferior ; secondary appendage nearly as long as the flagellum. Inferior antennse about one-fifth the length of the animal. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos a little longer than the carpus ; the palm oblique, minutely pectinate, and defined by one or two spines near the inferior angle; dactylos with a tooth near the middle of the concave margin. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos, and the dactylos very minute. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos serrated, Length }4ths of an inch. Colour translucent white, blushed with rose along the dorsal sur- face of the pereion and the posterior segments of the pleon. 76 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, Brought from Sukkertopper, in Greenland, by M. Holbdll, in com- pliment to whom Kréyer named the species. It has been sent to me from the Moray Frith by the Rey. George Gordon, from Banff by Mr. Edward, and from Shetland by Mr. Barlee. I have taken it in Plymouth Sound. The figure is taken from a North British specimen, and has been compared with one in the collection presented to a British Museum by M. Holbill. 8. Anonyx nobilis, (Puiare XII. fig. 5.) B.M. ne nobilis, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 50, JD. Eyes black, ovate. Superior antenne having the first joint of the peduncle as long as the cephalon, the whole organ extending nearly to the fourth segment of the pereion. Inferior antenns a little longer than the superior, having every alternate joint surmounted by an oval pedunculated calceola, First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos longer than the carpus; inferior margin parallel with the superior; palm short, slightly oblique, spinous at the inferior angle; the dactylos longer than the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos rhomboid ; dactylos rudimentary; the carpus cylindrical, and covered with short straight hairs; the inferior angle of the carpus furnished with an armour of pectinate scales. Posterior margin of the basos of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda serrated. Posterior pair of pleopoda much longer than the preceding. «Length three-fourths of an inch.” “Colour white ; antennze light fawn.” “It was taken in considerable numbers on the sandy flats of Fisher’s Cove, Nantucket Island, at low-water mark.”—Stimpson. The figure and description are taken from a specimen kindly sent to me by the author. 9. Anonyx minutus. (Pxrare XII. fig. 6.) B.M. Anonyx minutus, Kréyer, Voy. Scand. pl. 18. f. 2. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad, Forhandl. 1851. Eyes small, round. Superior antenne having the third joint of the peduncle almost obsolete ; flagellum very short, first joint forming half the length, fringed upon the inside with two rows of hairs placed in a series of short lines. Inferior antenne three times as long as the superior; the flagellum having the joints short, and presenting a baccate appearance. First pair of gnathopoda short, the propodos having the inferior margin nearly parallel with the superior, and a little broader at the posterior end than at the palm ; GAMMARID.E. 77 paim at a right angle; dactylos short, obtuse, Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos short, plentifully tufted with hairs that almost hide the dactylos. The inferior surface of the carpus covered with an armour of tridentate scales. The two posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos ovate, and extend- ing to and covering half the meros. Posterior pair of pleopoda short, the rami not longer than the base; a dorsal sinus upon the fourth segment. Length ,8,ths of an inch. I have received this species from Strangford Loch, where it was dredged by Mr. George Barlee, and from Falmouth, by Mr. W. Webster. I have also dredged it in Plymouth Sound, 10. Anonyx lagena. (Prare XII. fig. 7.) B.M. Lysianassa vel Anonyx lagena, Kréyer, Gron. Amfip. p. 9. tab. 1. £1. Lysianassa lagena, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. ii. p. 21, Bell, Belcher’s Last of the Arctic Voyages, Appendix. Anonyx vorax, Stimpson, MS. * Eyes large at bottom, like an inverted comma. Inferior antenne as long again as the superior. Mandibles having a tubercle within and below the appendage; a posteriorly directed tooth upon the anterior extremity of the incisive margin, and a sharp curved tooth a little above the posterior extremity. First pair of gna- thopoda haying the carpus rather broader than the propodos; the propodos gradually narrowed from the carpus to the palm, where it again slightly increases in width; palm not oblique, pectinate ; the inferior angle armed with one or more short spines. The second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos more than half as long as the carpus. The posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon deeply concave. Posterior pair of pleopoda longer than the preceding. Telson deeply cleft. Length nearly an inch and a half, I have been enabled to compare a specimen of Stimpson’s species, A. vorax, with a specimen of A. lagena presented to the British Museum by M. Holbdll, and can perceive no specific distinction be- tween the two. Kroyer records the species as from Greenland ; Holbdll’s specimen, in the British Museum, was also procured there. Sir James Ross brought some home from the Arctic Seas ; and Mr. Stimpson’s species, A. vorax, was taken in Behring’s Straits. Specimens of this species are preserved in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, * The names referred to Stimpson’s MS. are those attached to the specimens that he so kindly sent to me, and which I have not been able to find in his pub- lished works, for most of which I am also indebted to him. 78 AMPIITPODA NORMALIA. 11. Anonyx ampulloides. (Pxatr XII. fig. 8.) B.M. Anonyx ampulloides, Stimpson, MS. In general aspect this species resembles Anonyx lagena ; but close examination shows the following distinctions :— The inferior antenne are much longer than the superior. The first pair of gnathopoda have the palm fringed with fine hairs, but not a comb-like margin. The second pair of gnathopoda haye the carpus slight, and much longer than the propodos; the dactylos quite rudimentary. Telson deeply divided, becoming almost a double appendage. Length half an inch. I am indebted for this specimen to the kindness of the author, who brought it from Japan. 12, Anonyx nanus. (Prats XII. fig. 9.) B.M. Anonyx nanus, Kroyer, Voy. Scand. pl. 17. f. 2. This species, so far as I can judge from Kroéyer’s figure, not having seen a specimen, differs from twmzdus in having the inferior antenne as long again as the superior. 13. Anonyx Plautus. (Prare XIII. fig. 1.) B.M. Anonyx Plautus, Kréyer, Voy. Scand. pl. .f. 1a. Eyes small. Inferior antenne scarcely longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos rounded above and straight beneath; the palm occupying the whole of the inferior margin. The three posterior pairs of pereiopoda short, robust, having the basos serrated and reaching to nearly half of the meros. The peduncle of the three posterior pairs of pleopoda enlarged towards their extremities; the rami short. Telson round; apex depressed, scarcely cleft. Length ;4,ths of an inch. The specimen from which the figure is taken was procured near Banff, by our esteemed correspondent Mr. Edward. 14. Anonyx punctatus. (Prats XIII. fig. 2.) B.M. Anonyx punctatus, Stimpson, IS. Eyes small, round, red. Antenne subequal. First pair of gnatho- poda having the propodos much longer than the carpus; the palm short, oblique, and armed at the inferior angle with two or three short stout spines; inferior margin parallel with the superior. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos more than half as GAMMARID.E, 79 long as the carpus; inferior margin of the carpus squamous ; hairs reversely ciliated upon one side. Basos of each of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda minutely serrated. Length rather more than half an inch. The figure and description are taken from a specimen sent to me by the author. It was found in Behring’s Straits. 15. Anonyx annulatus. (Prare XIII. fig. 3.) BM. Anonyx annulatus, Stimpson, MS. Eyes ovate. Inferior antenne rather longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the palm scarcely oblique, short, furnished laterally with a few hairs; dactylos longer than the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus a little longer than the propodos, and very much broader near the middle, furnished superiorly with hairs and inferiorly with short spines (?) or scales. Propodos minutely chelate, plentifully covered with hairs. Dorsal sinus on the fourth segment of the pleon. Length nearly 4+ inch. The specimen from which the figure and description are taken was kindly forwarded to me by the author, who procured it at Japan, while engaged as Zoologist to the U. 8. Surveying Expedition to the North Pacific, Japanese Seas, &e. 16. Anonyx longipes, n.s. (Pate XIII. fig. 4.) B.M. Eyes small. Superior antenne having the flagellum not longer than the peduncle ; secondary appendage short. Inferior antenne half as long again as the superior; epistome pointed. First pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus and propodos subequal, the margins parallel; palm short, slightly oblique, fringed with small spines, and two larger ones near the inferior angle ; dactylos bearing two teeth upon the internal margin. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos. Pereiopoda long and slender, each having a long, slightly curved, styliform dactylos. Posterior pair of pleopoda scarcely reaching beyond the preceding. Length about half an inch. Hab. Shetland (Mr. Barlee). 17. Anonyx ampulla, (Prare XIII. fig. 5.) B.M. Anonyx ampulla, Kréyer, Voy. Seand. pl. 13. f. 2. Inferior antenns nearly five times as long as the superior ; peduncle not reaching beyond the peduncle of the superior; flagellum 80 AMPIIIPODA NORMALIA, slender; epistome pointed. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus as long as the propodos; the inferior margin of both continuous, and parallel with the superior ; palm scarcely oblique. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus and propodos sub- equal in length and diameter, cylindrical, having the long hairs forked; dactylos rudimentary. The squamiform coxe of both pairs of gnathopoda upon the inferior margin near the posterior angle developed into a tooth, caused by a small depression, from which a solitary hair is developed. Basos of pereiopoda not serrated. Posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon deeply concave. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami not longer than the base. Telson deeply cleft, laterally armed with three spines upon the upper surface and three upon the flattened apex of each division. Length about $2ths of an inch. The description and figure are taken from specimens procured in the Moray Frith by the Rev. G. Gordon, and near Banff by Mr. Edward. In Kréyer’s figure the inferior antennz are not so pro- portionately long, but in all other respects the agreement is such that they cannot be considered other than of the same species. 18. Anonyx Fuegiensis. (Puare XIII. fig. 6.) Anonyx Fuegensis, Dana, U. S. Explor, Exped. p. 919. pl. 62. fig. 4. «Eyes reniform. Superior antenne hardly half as long as inferior pair ; second and third joints of base very short ; flagellum longer than base, seven- or eight-jointed. Inferior antennz about half as long as body; base short; joints of flagellum hardly oblong (excepting near apex). Both pairs of gnathopoda quite small, similar, the first pair a little the smaller. Propodos very small, oblong, oblique at apex; dactylos minute. First and second pairs of pereiopoda equal, the sets very short, those of the propodos much shorter than breadth of joint ; fifth and sixth pairs nearly equal, basos broad and serrulate behind, sete very short, Last segment of pleon oblong, emarginate. «Length one-third to half an inch. “‘ Hab. Good Success Bay, Tierra del Fuego. Collected in eight or ten feet water, being brought up on meat set as bait by Lieut. Underwood.”—Dana. 19. Anonyx politus. Anonyx politus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 50. «« Rlongated, broad and rounded above, but with less height than is usual in Anonyv. Cephalon small, tumid, with the eyes sub- GAMMARID®, 81 rectangular, but broadest below, and of a bright red colour, Superior antenne very short and thick, regularly tapering to a point, with a short accessory flagellum, and in length one-fourth of that of the inferior ones, which equal in length about one-half that of the body, and have very long and slender flagella. First pair of gnathopoda small and subcheliform; those of the second pair very long, but usually bent up beneath the cox, and termi- nating in a small, flat, rounded, hirsute extremity, without a dactylos. There is a depression between the third and fourth segments of the pleon. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda terminate in long, smooth, pointed rami. The telson consists of two pointed spines about two-thirds the length of the posterior pair of pleopoda. Colour light yellow. « Length 0-4 inch. « Dredged in 40 fathoms, on a soft muddy bottom, off Long Island, Grand Manan.”—Stimpson. I have not seen this species; but there is nothing in the descrip- tion to distinguish it from A. Holbdlli, 20. Anonyx pallidus. Anonyx pallidus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 50. “« Body short, slightly compressed, rounded above ; with a dorsal sinus on the pleon, as in A. politus. Head with large, black, subelavate eyes, broadest below, as in Lysianassa appendiculata, Kroyer. An- tennz hairy, very short, the superior ones very thick and tapering, equalling the inferior ones in length, that is, reaching to the second segment of the pereion. Pereiopoda slender, very hairy, in structure like those of A. politus. The two penultimate pairs of pleopoda long and pointed, slightly serrated above; posterior pair short, thick, and spinous. Colour pale whitish, the brownish viscera showing through along the middle. ** Length 0°35 inch. «Taken in four fathoms, in sand, off Duck Island moorings, and in twenty fathoms, mud and shells, off the northern point of Duck Island.”’—Stumpson. 21, Anonyx Norvegicus, Anonyx Norvegicus, Liljeborg in Ofvers, af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl, p. 22, 1851. “This species resembles A, Plawtus, but may readily be distin- guished from it, by the superior antennse of the female and male being nearly equal ; the flagellum having fourteen joints ; the second- ary appendage having five joints, of which the first is about as long G 82 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, as the other four. Inferior antenne distinctly longer than the supe- rior, more than twice as long in the male. Coxa of the second pair of pereiopoda deeply sinuated; of the fifth pair rather smaller than the preceding, but resembling it in other respects. “ Hab, Christiansund and Bergen, Norway.”—Liljeborg. 8. PONTOPOREIA. Pontoporeia, Kroyer, Tidskr. vol. iv. p. 152. « Antenne robust, subpediform ; peduncles thick, elongated ; having a very small secondary appendage to the superior pair. Mandibles (instrumenta cibaria) short and broad. Gnathopoda very short, robust ; first pair subchelate, second with a rudimentary dactylos. First and second pairs of pereiopoda long, strong, subcheliform (?), the carpus dilated, and armed with a sharp conical dactylos. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda recurved; the basos moderately dilated ; the dactylos small. Posterior pair of pereiopoda recurved ; basos very largely developed, clypeiform ; the dactylos nearly rudi- mentary. Cox large, having the inferior margin of each, except the posterior, furnished with plumose hairs. The anterior pairs of pleopoda rather short, and otherwise of the usual form. Three posterior pairs sharp and well armed.’’—Kroyer. Dana, in his ‘ Classification of Crustacea,’ has made this genus the type of a subfamily, Ponrororrtnz. In this he has evidently been led by Kréyer’s describing the first and second pairs of pereiopoda as subcheliform, a statement that is not supported by Kroyer’s own figures. I have therefore thought it advisable, since I have not seen any specimen, to retain the genus, but, while doing so, to arrange it next to Anonyx, from which it appears to differ immaterially. 1. Pontoporeia femorata. (Pirate XIV. fig. 1.) Pontoporeia femorata, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. vol. iv. p. 153; Voyage en Scand. pl. 23. f. 2. : Eyes small, oval. Superior antenne having the peduncle as long as the flagellum, and the first joint as long as the other two ; second- ary appendage uniarticulate. Inferior antenne scarcely longer than the superior; the peduncle longer than the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda short, robust; carpus broader than the pro- podos ; propodos as broad as long; palm oblique, slightly concave ; dactylos shorter than the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos. The two anterior pairs of perelopoda differ in no respect from those of Anonyw. The pos- terior pair of pereiopoda have the basos larger than in the two GAMMARIDE, So preceding pairs, and as long as the remaining joints of the appendage. Length Hab, 8, Greenland Sea (Kréyer). This description is taken from Kroyer’s figure. 9 2. Pontoporeia affinis. (Prare XIV. fig. 2.) Pontoporeia affinis, Lindstrém, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. p. 63, 1855, Eyes oval. Superior antenne having the first joint of the peduncle as long as the other two, furnished underneath with plumose hairs; flagellum rather-longer than the peduncle; secondary appendage triarticulate. Inferior antenne having the flagellum rather longer than the peduncle; the first joint much longer than broad, the succeeding six or seven broader than long. Pos- terior pair of pereiopoda resembling those of P. femorata. Telson cleft, each division having a rounded apex. Length ? Hab, Landskrona (?) (Lindstrom). Lindstrom in his description lays much stress on the cellular structure of the internal tissues of the basos and coxa of the posterior pair of pereiopoda; but this, according to his figure, appears only to be the fatty or cellular structure common to all in the living state, particularly when the animal has but recently moulted. 9. OPIS. Opis, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. ser. 1. vol. iv. This genus differs from Anonyx in having the first pair of gna- thopoda more perfectly chelate. 1. Opis typica. (Prater XIV. fig. 3.) Opis typica, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr, ser. 1, vol. iv.; Voyage en Scand. le47, fA. I only know the animal from Kréyer’s figure and description. In general outline it nearly resembles Anonyx Edwardsii, from which it appears to differ only in the generic distinction. Kréyer obtained his specimen from Holbéll, who found it on the coast of Greenland. The specimen named Opis typica in the British Museum and in the Catalogue of 1850, as also in White’s ‘History of the British Crustacea,’ is Lysianassa Coste of M. Edwards. 2. Opis Eschrichtii. (Puarr XIV. fig. 4.) Opis Eschrichtii, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. vol. iv, p. 149. This species appears to differ from O. typica, according to Kriyer’s G2 84 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. description, in having the back deeply stained with rose-colour ; the eyes black, large, reniform, and almost confluent at the top of the head; and in the posterior pair of pleopoda having long, ornate, plumose hairs. Length 4 lines. Hab. 8. Greenland (Holbéll). 10. ICHNOPOS. Ichnopus, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Sci. di Napoli, p. 169, 1853. «« Antenne long and slender; superior having a secondary append- age. Gnathopoda long, slender, filiform, scarcely prehensile ; first pair cylindrical, terminating in a minute dactylos inferiorly pectinated ; second pair submembranaceous, having the apex of the propodos fimbriated ; dactylos scarcely conspicuous.”—Oosta. I have seen no specimen of this genus; but its separation from Lysianassa appears to be doubtful. Costa considers it a link be- tween Callisoma and Alibrotus. 1. Ichnopus Taurus. Ichnopus Taurus, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Sci. di Napoli, p- 172, 1853. “‘ Superior antenne a little shorter than half the body; flagellum four times as long as the peduncle. Inferior antenne longer than the superior; peduncle twice as long as the peduncle of the su- perior. Basos of each of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda serrated. ‘“‘ Length 5 lines. “ Hab. Coast of Naples.”—Costa. b. Second pair of gnathopoda robust and more or less cheliform, and the first feeble. 11. CALLISOMA. Callisoma, Costa, Cat. Ital. Crust. by the Rev. Mr. Hope, 1851*. Scopelocheirus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 168. Superior antenne short, pyriform, and furnished with a secondary appendage. First pair of gnathopoda having the dactylos not © * Callisoma punctata, Costa? Mr. Hope refers to a species under this name, probably the type of Costa’s genus. It is not in his paper in the ‘ Rendiconto see eee Accademia delle Scienze di Napoli,’ 1853, nor do I know where it is to be found. GAMMARID.®. bets) unguiculate ; second pair developed into perfect chele. Posterior pair of pleopoda unibranched. ‘Telson double, This genus may readily be confounded with Anonyw and Lysia- nassa, unless the gnathopoda and telson be examined. 1. Callisoma crenata, (Prater XIV. fig. 5.) B.M. Scopelocheirus crenatus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Syn- opsis, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 167, Cephalon furnished with a short flat rostrum ; infero-anterior angles produced, Eyes small, reniform, having black spots on a white ground. Superior antenne having the peduncle very large at the base; first joint much larger than the two succeeding; third almost enclosed within the second; flagellum with the first joint pyriform and nearly as long as all the rest, which consists of six or seven joints; secondary appendage uniarticulate. In- ferior antenne about one-third the entire length of the animal, very slender and delicate; the peduncle reaches quite to the ex- tremity of the peduncle of the superior. The first pair of gnatho- poda have the dactylos developed into a brush of short curved hairs, all traces of the typical form being lost; propodos cylin- drical, and fringed with strong curved hairs near the extremity ; carpus longer than the propodos, Second pair of gnathopoda chelate, the propodos haying the inferior angle anteriorly produced and unguiculate, forming with the dactylos a perfect claw ; carpus as long as the propodos. Third pair of pereiopoda shorter than the fourth and fifth, having the meros posteriorly squamiformly developed ; fourth and fifth pairs having the meros cylindrical. Fourth segment of the pleon with a deep notch across the dorsal surface. Posterior pair of pleopoda much longer than the two preceding. Telson carrying a solitary subapical hair upon each division. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward); Macduff, from a haddock’s stomach, from 30 to 40 fathoms (Mr. Gregor); Plymouth Sound (C. 8S. B.). The specimen from which the figure and description are taken was dredged in Plymouth Sound; when alive it was of a bright lemon-colour, with a white border to each plate, the whole being covered with small black spots. The other specimens were dead before I received them; they were generally fawn-colour, tending to bluish-grey towards the back. This appearance, together with their being less compressed than Anonya or Lysianassa, enabled them readily to be recognized. The notch upon the fourth segment of the pleon is an unerring feature. 86 AMPUTLPODA,NORMALIA, 2. Callisoma Hopei. (Puare XIV. fig. 6.) Callisoma Hopei, Costa, Cat. Ital. Crust. by the Rev. Mr. Hope, 1851. I only know this species from Mr. Hope’s figure and description. It appears to differ from C. crenata in the following more or less , important particulars :— Eyes increasing downwards. Superior antenne having the peduncle longer than the flagellum. Inferior antenne more than half as long as the animal. Dactylos of the first pair of gnathopoda _ obtusely spatuliform, and sparsely covered with short reversed hairs. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the meros cylindrical ineach. Fourth segment of the pleon without a notch. Posterior pair of pleopoda not longer than the preceding. Length ,8,ths of an inch. Hab. Naples (Rev. Mr. Hope). 12. ALIBROTUS. Alibrotus, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 23, Superior antenns not large at the base, long and slender, furnished with a second appendage. Both pairs of gnathopoda largely deve- loped and subchelate. Milne-Edwards founded this genus to receive a species that he had previously referred to Zysianassa, from which it is distinguished by the length and slender form of the superior antenne, and the greater size of the second pair of gnathopoda. I have seen no species of the genus. 1. Alibrotus Chauseicus. Alibrotus chauseicus, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. iii. p. 23. Lysianassa Chauseica, dnn. Ser. Nat. t. xx. p. 365. Body elongated. Cephalon furnished with a small rostrum. Eyes small and circular. Superior antennz scarcely passing the pe- duncle of the inferior. Length 4 “‘ Hab. Isles of Chausay ” (Milne- Edwards). 2. Alibrotus littoralis. (Pxare XIV. fig. 7.) Anonyx littoralis, Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 13. f. 1. Superior antenne one-third as long as the animal; the flagellum” about four times as long as the peduncle. The inferior antenne longer than the superior, the peduncle not reaching beyond the GAMMARID&. 87 peduncle of the superior. First paix of gnathopoda having the propodos short and narrow, that of the second pair of gnathopoda broad. . Length ? Hab, Greenland (Kroyer). _ 13, HYALE. Hyale, Rathke, Fauna der Krym, Mém. Acad. Imp, St. Pétersb, iii. 1837, p. 378. Superior antenne nearly as long as the inferior. Gnathopoda sub- cheliform ; the propodos of the second pair larger than of the first in the male, and subequalin the female. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda short, double- branched. Telson simple. Dana has arranged this genus in his subfamily LystAnassin x. Not having seen a specimen, I adopt the same arrangement; but, judging from the figure of the author, I should be inclined to classify it near to Nicea of Nicolet, from which the female appears to differ only in the posterior pair of pleopoda having two branches—a feature that the author has not alluded to in the description of the animal, although exhibited in the figure. It is this character, to- gether with the absence of any mention whether the mandibles are furnished with an appendage or not, that has precluded my placing it among the OrcHEsTID2. 1. Hyale Pontica. (Prare XIV. a. fig. 1.) Hyale Pontica, Rathke, Fauna der Krym, p. 378. tab. 5, f. 20-28, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 910, note t. Male.—Pereion compressed, imbricated. Eyes small and round. Superior antenne nearly as long as the inferior. Inferior antennz not reaching beyond the second segment of the pereion. First pair of gnathopoda small; second having the propodos large, the palm slightly oblique, ciliated, notched near the dactylos, and toothed at the inferior angle, where the apex of the dactylos im- pinges. Pereiopoda subequal, spinous. Coxee of the third pair not more than half as deep as the preceding. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda haying the peduncles much longer than their respective rami; the antepenultimate reaching to the extremity of the ultimate. Female.—Differs from the male only in having the gnathopoda sub- equal, Length Hab. Crimea (Rathke). 9 88 AMPIHIPODA NORMALIA. 14. PHLIAS. Phlias, Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, 1836. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. t. Vii. p. 28. Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 908. ‘« Body short, laterally compressed, composed of fourteen segments exclusive of the cephalon, Cephalon small, in great part covered by the first segment of the pereion. Eyes projecting. Superior antenne large, having a stout peduncle composed of three articu- lations (the flagellum is destroyed, and there remains only the base ; we see that there is no secondary appendage). Inferior antenns very small, inserted beneath the preceding, composed of a peduncle and a short multiarticulate flagellum. Seven pairs of filiform legs, simple, monodactyle. The gnathopoda and first two pairs of pereio- poda subequal, shorter than the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda, which are also subequal. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda of the ordinary form ; the fourth pair a little smaller, and composed of a peduncle and two little, oval and very short rami. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the peduncle very short, large and round, and terminating in two small, pointed, oval rami. Telson very short, transversal, and a little rounded.”— Guérin-Méneville. 1. Phlias serratus. (Puare XIV.a. fig. 2.) Phlias serratus, Guérin, Magasin de Zoologie, 1836, class vii. p. 19. *‘ All the segments are dorsally very pointed, which gives to the animal in profile a strongly dentate appearance. It is of an opaque yellow-brown colour. *‘ Length from 5 to 6 millimétres. “‘M. Gaudichaud found this pretty little species during a passage from the Isle of Malouines to Port Jackson.” —Guérin-Meéneville. 2. Phlias Rissoanus, n.s. (Puare XIV.a. fig. 3.) B.M. Cephalon small. Each segment of the pereion and three anterior segments of the pleon dorsally elevated into a strong, flat, obtuse- pointed tooth, and furnished on each side, near the anterior margin of each segment, with a strong tubercle. Eyes borne on elevated tubercles. Superior antenne carrying a strong tubercle or blunt tooth near the apex of the first (?) articulation of the peduncle ; flagellum not longer than the third joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne scarcely as long as the superior. Gnathopoda (imperfectly examined). Pereiopoda subequal, cylindrical, robust, carrying a short curved dactylos. Pleopoda (imperfectly examined). Length rather more than jth of an inch. : } GAMMARID2E. 89 Two very minute specimens were sent to me by my friend Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, who took them on the shores of Piedmont. This species is named in honour of Risso, 15. URISTES. Uristes, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 917. « Body compressed. Coxe broad. Antenne of moderate length ; the superior with a stout base, not appendiculate. First pair of gna- thopoda subcheliform ; second vergiform, ending in a long styliform joint ; third and fourth very short; the remaining similar, and of moderate length.”—Dana. The mandibles are described as having the incisive edge denticu- lated. 1. Uristes gigas. (Prate XIV. fig. 8.) Uristes gigas, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 917, pl. 62. £. 3. « Antenne subequal, rather stout, not half as long as the body ; the superior pair having the flagellum very short-jointed, and fringed below with short obtuse processes; the inferior somewhat the longer, the flagellum having minute triangular processes along the upper margin. Eyes reniform. First pair of gnathopoda shorter than second; propodos of the first pair oblong; apex oblique ; margins nearly parallel ; dactylos short ; second pair five-jointed*, the last joint long, styliform. The fifth pair of pereiopoda shorter than the fourth; antepenultimate segment of pleon acute behind. “Length 9 lines. “‘ Taken from the stomach of a fish in the Antarctic Seas.’’-—Dana. Dana has placed his genus Uristes immediately next to Opis, form- ing with it a division in his subfamily Lystanassry=, the peculiar characters of which are, that the first pair of gnathopoda are sub- chelate, the second simple. Kréyer’s figure of Opis evidently re- presents the second pair of gnathopoda as formed upon the same type as in Lysianassa and Anonyw, and therefore is minutely sub- chelate. The author says that in Uristes it terminates in a long styliform propodos, the dactylos being wanting. It cannot be pre- sumed but that so acute and able an observer as Dana must have deseribed the genus accurately ; but it is evident that in his figure the first pair of pereiopoda have been drawn for the second pair of gnathopoda. The gnathopoda are distinguished from the pereiopoda by having the propodos articulated with the carpus near the anterior margin, whereas in the pereiopoda it articulates nearer to the pos- * The cox not counted. In the figure, Dana has drawn one of the first pair of pereiopoda instead of the second pair of gnathopoda. The meros a/ways overrides the carpus in the pereiopoda, and underrides it in the gnathopoda. 90 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. terior margin, and consequently has greater motive power. This is undoubtedly the. case with the leg drawn as the second gnathopod in the plate of Dana’s fine work. In all other respects the animal more resembles the genus Atylus of Leach, than that of Opis of Kroyer, Not having seen the animal, it is but right to assume that the description is correct, though the figure is erroneous, Subfamily 3. AMPELISCADES. Ampeliscades, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 525, 1857. Tetromatides, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Cephalon produced anteriorly, cone-shaped, the superior antenns being placed at the apex. No compound eyes, but four small simple organs of vision. Gnathopoda more or less subchelate, not powerful. Coxze deep, as also those of the first two pairs of pereiopoda. The only genus that we yet recognize as fulfilling the conditions of this subfamily is so peculiar that it cannot be grouped in either of the other subfamilies. The general form of the body approaches it near to Anonyx; but the projecting cephalon and the posterior position of the inferior antenne approximate it to the subfamily of the Puoxrprs, from which, again, it is distinguished by the form and unique character of the organs of vision. I therefore think it better to place it in a subfamily by itself, between LysranassrpEs and PHox1pEs. 16. AMPELISCA. Ampelisca, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. 1 ser. iv. p. 154. Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xx. p. 255. Liljeborg, Ofvers.af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. p. 22, 1851, p. 137, 1855. Araneops, Costa, Rend. del. Accad. del. Sc. di Nap. p. 169, 1853. Pseudophthalmus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan. Tetromatus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Cevhalon tapering anteriorly. Eyes four, minute, simple, situated near the anterior extremity of the cephalon. Superior antenne simple, attached to the extremity of the cephalon. Inferior antenne arising very far posterior to the base of the superior. Mandibles furnished with an appendage. Gnathopoda imperfectly subchelate. The first and second pairs of pereiopoda terminating in a styliform dactylos longer than the propodos ; third and fourth pairs terminating in a short curved dactylos directed posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramose. ‘Telson squamiform, cleft. I anticipate, from the form of the head, that the animals of this genus are burrowers in soft mud, sand, &c. GAMMARID, 9] 1, Ampelisca Gaimardii. (Puare XV. fig. 1.) Ampelisea oe Kroyer, Voyage en Scand. pl. 28%. f. 1. Tetromatus typicus, Spence Bate, Br it. Assoc, Report, 1855 ; ey sepee, Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 171. pl. 10. f. 4, Araneops diadema, A. Costa, Rend. del, Accad, Se. Nap. p. 171, 1853. Cephalon and pereion laterally compressed and dorsally euneated. Pleon compressed, but not cuneated; the posterior margin of the third segment plain; a slight dorsal sinus on the fourth. Eyes small and round, one above the other, situated near the base of the superior antenne. Superior antenne about one-third the length of the animal; the peduncle about half as long as the fla- gellum ; the first joint of the peduncle short and stout, the second as long again and slight, the third not half as long ; flagellum very slender and delicate, the first joint as long as the last of the peduncle, the inferior margin crowded with auditory cilia. In- ferior antennz long and slender, as long again as the superior ; the last two joints of the peduncle subequal, reaching beyond the peduncle of the superior ; flagellum very slender, more than twice as long as the peduncle. Maxillipeds having a long dactylos, short propodos, long carpus, and the meros furnished with a squamiform plate armed with six stout spines along the internal border. First pair of gnathopoda scarcely subchelate ; propodos short, shorter than the carpus; palm not defined, slightly concave, furnished with several fasciculi of simple and ciliated hairs; dac- tylos short, unguiculate, armed upon the inner side with three or four short stout spines fringed with cilia. Second pair of gna- thopoda like the first, but longer; the propodos much longer and the palm less perceptible. First and second pairs of pereiopoda having the meros long and broad, ovate; carpus short; propodos long, slightly arcuate anteriorly, and each joint furnished with long ciliated hairs; dactylos long, longer than the propodos, styliform, slightly curved. Third and fourth pairs subequal, having the dactylos short, curved, directed backwards; propodos straight, armed anteriorly with a row of equidistant, solitary, blunt spines, each furnished near the tip with one fine cilium, and pos- teriorly with three somewhat similar ones; carpus broader than the propodos, and having the inferior extremity furnished with spines similar to those on the propodos. Posterior pair of pereio- poda having the basos long, the ischium, meros, and carpus short ; propodos as long again as the carpus; dactylos broad, flat, and lanceolate. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda styliform: the ante- * By a misprint, the name on the plate is Ampelisia. 92 AMPHTIPODA NORMALIA. penultimate having one ramus clean, the other armed with a single row of short spines along the upper margin ; penultimate having the rami shorter, and both armed at their margins with short spines ; ultimate having both rami furnished near the extremity with short hairs, and one also along the inferior margin with short spines. Telson long, narrow, somewhat lanceolate, cleft up the median line. Length }4ths of an inch. This species was first taken by Kroyer, on the Scandinavian shores. The British specimens have been taken by the Rey. G. Gordon in the Moray Frith; off the island of Skye by Mr. G. Barlee; Kish- bank, Dublin Bay, by Prof. Kinahan; off Fowey by Mr. Wells, of the Admiralty Survey ; and in Plymouth Sound it has been dredged by Mr. T. P. Smyth and myself. Costa procured the specimen which I believe to be this species upon the coast of Naples. 2. Ampelisca ingens, (Prats XV. fig. 2.) B.M. Pseudophthalmus ingens, Stimpson, MS. Anterior portion of the pereion laterally compressed and dorsally cuneated. Posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon slightly waved. Superior antenne half as long as the inferior ; peduncle nearly as long as the flagellum. Inferior antenne half as long as the animal, having the ultimate joint of the peduncle half the length of the penultimate ; the peduncle nearly as long as the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda rather short, having the inferior angle of the propodos produced and rounded ; palm short, straight, and ciliated, as also along the inferior margin of the propodos, car- pus, meros, and ischium. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than the first, having the carpus cylindrical, as long again as the propo- dos ; propodos having the inferior margin nearly parallel with the superior, slightly approaching at the distal extremity, having the palm not defined; dactylos impinging against the inferior margin. All the joints fringed along their inferior margins with fasciculi of hairs. The pereiopoda bear a close resemblance to those of A. Gaimardii; posterior pair having the rami equal, lanceolate, and naked. Length 13 inch. Hab. Grand Manan (Stimpson) ; Greenland, 40 fathoms (Holbéll). I am indebted for this species, among many others, to Mr. Stimp- son; it was sent with a collection of specimens from Grand Manan, and labelled by the author, but it is not noticed in his Synopsis of the Marine Invertebrata of that island. I have therefore the au- thority of the author’s MS. name only. GAMMARID.2, 93, 3, Ampelisca Belliana, (Prater XV. fig. 3.) BM. Tetromatus Bellianus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc, Report, 1855 ; Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb, 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 171. Anterior portion of the pereion laterally compressed and dorsally cuneated. Posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon ornate, being excavated near the upper surface, lobed near the middle, excavated below, and the inferior angle produced into a tooth, which is slightly turned upwards at the extremity. Superior antenne not longer than the cephalon, having the flagellum nearly as long as the peduncle. Inferior antennz about one-third the length of the body, having the peduncle longer than the superior antenne ; flagellum scarcely as long as the peduncle. Maxillipeds having a dactylos shorter than the propodos; propodos nearly as long as the carpus; meros furnished with a squamiform plate armed with eight broad, strong, lanceolate, and three apical hair-like spines upon the median border. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda without a palm; second like the first, but longer. Posterior pair of pereiopoda having the lanceolate dactylos sharper than in A. Gaimardii, The three posterior pairs of pleopoda resemble those of A. Gaimardii, except that the ante- and penulti- mate pairs have the margins of their respective rami less regularly and numerously fringed with spines. Length 4 ths of an inch. Hab. N. Atlantic (Barrett) ; Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon) ; Banff (Mr. Edward); Plymouth Sound (C. S. B.). 4. Ampelisca limicola. (Pxiarr XV. fig. 4.) B.M. Pseudophthalmus limicola, Stimpson, Mar. Inv. Grand Manan, p. 57, Female.—Anterior portion of pereion laterally compressed and dor- sally cuneated. Superior antenne scarcely reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antennse about one-third the length of the animal. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus and propodos subequal, cylindrical, without a palm ; dactylos ciliated upon the inner side. Second pair of gnathopoda little longer than the first, having the carpus as long again as the pro- podos, fringed with fasciculi of hairs both upon the superior and inferior margins ; dactylos ciliated upon the inner margin. Pereio- poda like those of A. Gaimardii, except that the dactylos of the posterior pair is not lanceolate, but styliform and curved. Posterior pair of pleopoda short, and fringed posteriorly with long plumose hairs. Length }2ths of an inch, 94 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Hab. Charleston Harbour, South Carolina, U.S. Taken at low water living in holes in the soft mud (Stimpson). For a specimen of this species I am indebted to the kindness of the discoverer. 5. Ampelisca Japonica. (PLATE XV. fig. 5.) B.M. Ampelisca Japonica, Stimpson, MS. Anterior portion of the pereion laterally compressed and dorsally cuneated. Superior antenne scarcely as long as the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antennz half as long as the animal; the penultimate and ultimate joints of the peduncle subequal ; flagellum not longer than the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda cylindrical, having the carpus longer than the propedos, fringed above and below with simple cilia. Second pair of gnathopoda cylindrical, having the carpus as long again as the propodos, and fringed below with simple cilia. Pereiopoda like those of A. Gaimardii ; posterior pair having the dactylos unguiculate, curved. Posterior pair of pleopoda long, with styliform rami. Length 53,ths of an inch. Hab. Japan (Stimpson). For a specimen of this species I am indebted to its author. 6. Ampelisca pelagica. Se as pelagicus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. OF. ‘‘ Inferior antenne as long as the body; superior ones two-fifths as _ long as the inferior ones. Posterior pair of pereiopoda with few, stout, spine-like hairs. Antepenultimate and ultimate pairs of pleopoda projecting beyond the penultimate. Pleon sinuated above on the last three segments. Colour pale yellow, with a blotch of dark-red pigment on the cephalon. “ Length 0:4 of an inch. “ Hab. Long Island, Grand Manan, on a soft muddy bottom in 35- 50 fathoms, and in Hake Bay in 30 fathoms sand.”’—Stimpson. \ 7. Ampelisca macrocephaia. Ampelisca macrocephala, Liljeborg, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet. Akad. p- 7, 1852; zbid. 1855. Ampelisea Eschrichti (?), Kréyer, Liljeborg, Ofversigt af Kongl. Vet. Akad, p. 22, 1851. ‘Cephalon long, produced. Eyes four, very minute, almost spherical ; GAMMARID.2, 95 the inferior pair very distinct, and placed near the margin at the base of the superior antenne, which are situated at the anterior extremity of the cephalon, and far in advance of the inferior ; both pairs of antenne are slight, the inferior longer than the superior. Body much compressed; the anterior portion, together with the cephalon, somewhat carinated; the posterior portion slightly an- gulated. Fourth segment of the pleon carinated ; sixth posteriorly obtusely bidentate. Mandibles furnished with a triarticulate ap- pendage. Maxille 4-articulated ; second joint larger than the others; third ovate; fourth rudimentary, hairy. Maxillipeds haying the larger foliaceous appendage upon the inner margin pectinated. Gnathopoda and first three pairs of pereiopoda having the form peculiar to the genus. Posterior pair of pereiopoda having the basos large, ovate, posteriorly dilated, and the inferior margin ciliated ; dactylos not unguiculate, straight, thin, and flat. Pos- terior pair of pleopoda having the rami equal, lanceolate, and reaching beyond the preceding. Telson lanceolate, obtuse, cleft. Coxz large. Posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon curved, and reflexed beneath into a prominent tooth. The female can be distinguished from the male by the superior antenne being slighter and shorter. Colour in both sexes white and red, variegated. Cephalon with eyes red, as also the pereiopoda, including the coxe. “Length of the male about 20 lines, and therefore among the larger of our Amphipoda. “ Hab. Kullaberg, Norway.”—Liljeborg. The above is taken from Liljeborg’s description ; and but for the carinated and bidentated characters, which he has not alluded to in his deseription (7. c. 1855), of the fourth and sixth segments of the pleon, this species would appear to be identical with A. Belliana, particularly in the ornate character of the posterior margin of the third segment of the pleon. 8. Ampelisca brevicornis. eee brevicornis, Costa, Rend. del. Accad. del. Se. di Napoli, p. 171, “ Superior antenne scarcely surpassing the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the inferior, and having the flagellum half as long again as the peduncle. Inferior antenne having the last joint of the peduncle distinctly longer than the preceding ; flagellum half as long as the peduncle. “ Length 53 lines. “ Hab. Naples.””—Costa. 96 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, 9. Ampelisca tenuicornis. li nui i lye erst. rongl. Vetensk. Akad. ay oles: apes Liljeborg, Ofversigt af Kongl fees Akad. “ Maite.—Very like A. macrocephala, but having a posterior dorsal carina. Superior antenne attached to the inferior lateral part cf the cephalon; the second joint extending beyond the peduncle of the inferior antenne, a little longer than the first; the third not distinct from the flagellum, which consists of about eleven joints. Inferior antenne very long and slender, longer than the body ; the ultimate and penultimate articulations of the peduncle nearly equal; flagellum consisting of about thirty-five indistinct joints. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos and carpus nearly equal; second pair having the propodos twice as short as the carpus. First and second pairs of pereiopoda having the meros dilated, but those of the first pair a little the narrower. Posterior pair of pereiopoda having the carpus small ; propodos very broad ; dactylos thin and flat; apex short and unguiform. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami long, subulate, twice as long as the peduncle. Telson elongate, nearly linear. «Length 6 lines. “Rare; two specimens only having been taken, one with A, levi- gata, and one with A. macrocephala. “ Hab. Kullaberg, Norway.”—Liljeborg. 10. Ampelisca levigata. Ampelisca levigata, Lijeborg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl. 1855, p. 123. : ‘ ‘‘ Body formed as in A. macrocephala; but the superior antenne are at the extreme apex of the cephalon, and not latero-inferior ; in the male the superior antenn reaching beyond the peduncle of the inferior antenne, with a flagellum consisting of about twenty joints, and distinet from the peduncle ; in the female not attaining the second joint of the peduncle of the inferior antenne ; the third joint of the peduncle is not distinct from the flagellum, which consists of about seven joints. The inferior antenne similar to those of A. macrocephala, but slighter and longer; in the female almost reaching the pleon, in the male nearly the length of the animal; third joint of the peduncle longer than the fourth; fla- gellum in the female consisting of about-twenty-two joints, in the male of about fifty. Gnathopoda formed as usual. First and second pairs of pereiopoda having the meros more dilated than in A, macrocephala ; posterior pair of pereiopoda having the carpus GAMMARID.2&. 97 and propodos wider. Pleon, except the fourth segment, slightly carinated or angulated dorsally. Telson narrower than in A. macro- cephala, lanceolate. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami broader, lanceolate, the exterior being a little shorter than the interior, and tipped with coarse spines. “ Length about 12 lines. “Taken with A. macrocephala, but more rare. “ Hab. Kullaberg, Norway.”—Liljeborg. Subfamily 4. PHOXIDES. Pontoporeides, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 912. Spence Bate, Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Phoxides, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 525, 1857. The cephalon is produced in advance, more like a hood than a rostrum. The superior antenne are situated considerably in advance of the inferior. The integumentary structure is generally thin and semi- transparent ; and I am inclined to think that most of the genera are burrowers, for which purpose the hood-like cephalon affords an efficient protection. The three posterior pairs of pleopoda are double-branched. 17. PHOXUS. Phoxus, Kroyer, Tidskr. vol. iv. p. 150. Eyes not appreciable*. Superior antennee with a complementary appendage ; inferior antennze as long as the superior. Mandible appendiculate. Maxillipeds subpediform. Both pairs of gnatho- poda subchelate. Coxze deeper than the respective segments. Pos- terior pair of pereiopoda shorter than the preceding. Telson double. 1. Phoxus simplex. (Prater XVI. fig. 1.) B.M. Phoxus simplex, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. p. 525, 1857. Phoxus Kroyeri, Spence Bate, Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857; Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 (not Stimpson). White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 173. Cephalon much produced anteriorly. Superior antenne having the extremity of the flagellum not reaching beyond the anterior margin of the cephalon ; the flagellum short, 3-jointed ; secondary append- age longer than the primary, 4-jointed. Inferior antenne as long again as the superior; the joints of the peduncle scarcely * Having seen only dead specimens, this is but a doubtful diagnosis. In many species, where the eyes are not strongly marked, they disappear very shortly after death. i 98 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, distinguishable from those of the flagellum. Four anterior pairs of coxee deeper than their respective segments, the three anterior being furnished near the inferior margin with fowr simple hairs. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos oblong quadrate ; the inferior margin parallel with, and.as long as, the superior : palm slightly convex ; inferior angle produced into a small tooth. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first, having the pro- podos broader anteriorly, and the inferior angle produced into a blunt tooth; palm convex, fringed with short solitary hairs. Penultimate pair of pereiopoda longer than the one preceding ; ultimate pair very much shorter, not longer than the basos is wide. Posterior pair of pleopoda scarcely reaching beyond the preceding. Length 58,ths of an inch. Hab. Dredged in Plymouth Sound (C. S. B.). 2. Phoxus Holbdélli, (Prare XVI. fig. 2.) Phoxus Holbolli, Krdyer, Tidskr. vol. iv. p. 150. Spence Bate, Synopsis Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1867. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 178. Eyes not appreciable. Superior antennee having the peduncle reach- ing to the anterior margin of the cephalon ; flagellum as long as the peduncle, 7-jointed, each joint longer than broad ; secondary appendage half as long as the primary. Inferior antenne scarcely longer than the superior; flagellum easily distinguished from the peduncle ; joints of the flagellum broader than long near the base, and much longer than broad near the extremity. Maxillipeds having a small squamiform plate arising from the ischium and basos. First pair of gnathopoda haying the palm of the pro- podos convex, oblique, fringed with solitary hairs; the inferior angle produced into a sharp tooth. Second pair of gnathopoda scarcely larger than the first, which it resembles, except that the palm is not quite so oblique. Coxee of both pairs of gnathopoda and first pair of pereiopoda each furnished with jive simple hairs. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda having the dactylos short, and the extremity of the propodos furnished with two short spines, each with a subapical cium. Penultimate pair of pereiopoda ; one-third longer than the preceding; ultimate one-half shorter, | being scarcely as long as the basos is wide. Posterior pair of | pleopoda longer than the two preceding pairs. Length } of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward). Dredged in Plymouth Sound (C.S. B.). GAMMARID®, 99 3. Phoxus plumosus. (Puarr XVI. fig. 3.) Phoxus plumosus, Kréyer, Tidskr. vol. iv. p. 150. Spence Bate, Synops. Brit. Amph., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857 ; Report Brit. Assoc. 1855, White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 173. Phoxus fusiformis, Stimpson, Mar. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 57. The anterior portion of the cephalon more obtuse than in P. Hol- boli. Superior antenne long, the peduncle reaching consider- ably beyond the rostrum; flagellum subequal, not longer than the peduncle : first segment of the peduncle very long and broad ; second narrow, being narrower at the posterior than at the ante- rior extremity; third still narrower and scarcely as long: the inferior margin of each joint is fringed with long and strong hairs, which spread themselves as from a common centre; those on the basal segment are biarticulate and brushlike. The inferior antennze are scarcely as long as the superior ; the penultimate joint of the peduncle is longer than either of the others, and is developed inferiorly into an extended squamiform process fringed with plu- mose cilia, as is also the anterior margin of the same joint; fla- gellum shorter than the peduncle, with the first joint as long as two or three of the succeeding. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos tapering; palm oblique. Second pair somewhat smaller than the first. Pereiopoda having the dactylos quite as long as the propodos, and the lateral spines (which appear to be moveable), originating at the extremity of the propodos, as long as the dactylos, against which they appear to have the power of being compressed into a corresponding groove on each side. Coxze of the gnathopoda and two anterior pairs of pereio- poda as deep as the body of the animal, the inferior margin of each being fringed with a single row of plumose hairs. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos not developed into a squami- form plate; fourth pair having the basos but slightly so, and the entire limb considerably produced in length; the dactylos as long as the propodos, with its extremity styliform. Fifth pair having the basos largely developed into a squamiform plate, somewhat oval in form and pointed at the lower extremity, and serrated along the posterior margin; from the intermediate de- pressions arises a small cilium; the dactylos long, straight and slender, reaching but little beyond the width of the squamiform basos. The pleopoda terminate subequally. Telson double, not so long as the peduncle of the posterior pleopoda. Colour corneous and transparent. Hairs upon the animal generally plumose. The structure of the tissue under the microscope is minutely granular. Length about ;4,ths of an inch. a0 H 2 100 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Hab, Greenland (Holbéll); dredged in Plymouth Sound (C.S. B.) ; Shetland (Mr. G. Barlee); ‘Grand Manan, U.S., North America, dredged on coarse sandy bottoms in the Laminarian and Coralline zones ” (Stimpson). I have not seen Kréyer’s type of this or the preceding species. In his descriptions, he states that afew spines exist upon the third and fourth articulations of the peduncle of the inferior pair of antennee in P. Holbélli, and that such spines are absent in P. plumosus. In the specimens from which our figure and description are taken, the few hairs upon the inferior antenne in P. Holbdlli can scarcely be termed spines ; whereas in P. plumosus there are plumose hairs, of which Kroyer makes no special mention. In other respects the animals agree with Kréyer’s descriptions, and therefore I do not feel justified in separating them upon such immaterial differences. The only distinction between P. plumosus and P. fusiformis, aceording to Stimpson, consists in the latter having “more nails [spines] on the third and fourth legs than P. plumosus,” Kr. Stimpson states the eyes to be white. 4. Phoxus geniculatus. Phoxus geniculatus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. U.S. May and June 1855. ** Rostrum very long, pointed. Eyes white. Superior antenne bifla- gellate ; flagella equal, 10-articulate. Members with simple hairs. The meros and carpus of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda dilated; rami of the posterior caudal stylets unequal, the outer ones long, three-jointed. Colour white. “ Length 1 of an inch. “Hab. Japan,”’—Stimpson. 5. Phoxus obtusus. genie obtusus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Se, U. S. May and June << Rostrum short, concave, its extremity rounded. Appendicula of the superior antenne very short. Gnathopoda and first two pairs of pereiopoda slender, the latter with unexpanded joints and spi- nous extremities ; hairs simple, except on the third pair of pereio- poda, where they are long and plumose ; last pair of pleopoda with flattened lanceolate rami, the external ones the longest. Telson consisting of two lamelliform processes, emarginate at the extre- mities. «‘ Length 4 of an inch. “ Hab. Japan.” —Stimpson. plat sg ek rig eat ee ee manag Bencpmaal GAMMARIDE. 101 6. Phoxus Kréyeri. Phoxus Kroéyeri, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 58. “Larger and thicker than P. plumosus; glabrous above, and of a pale-red colour, with the eyes white. The antenne, legs, and coxwe are very hairy, but the hairs are simple instead of plumose. Su- perior antenne shorter and more slender than the inferior ones. Mandibles with an appendage almost as long as the superior antenne. First pair of gnathopoda with the propodos more elon- gated than in P. plumosus; penultimate pair of pereiopoda not so long in proportion ; the two anterior pairs of pereiopoda having a simple dactylos. Telson consisting of two sbarp spines. “ Length 0-3 inch. “Taken at low-water mark, on a sandy shore, at High Duck Island.” —Stimpson. 18, GRAYIA, n. g. Cephalon produced, hood-shaped. Eyes two. Superior antennx not appendiculate. Gnathopoda subchelate. Pereiopoda subequal, and terminating in a sharp-pointed curved dactylos. Posterior pleopoda biramous. Telson squamiform, entire ? This genus differs from dicerus of Kroyer in having two eyes, and in the fifth pair of pereiopoda not being longer than the preceding. It is named in compliment to the Keeper of the Zoological Col- lections of the British Museum. 1. Grayia imbricata, n.s. (Prats XVI. fig. 4.) BM. Three anterior segments of the pleon posteriorly elevated, giving the animal an imbricated appearance ; posterior margin of the third segment waved. Eyes round, black. Superior antenne a little longer than the inferior. Coxe small. Gnathopoda subequal. Pereiopoda subequal. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal. ‘Length about ;4,ths of an inch. Hab, Falmouth? (Mr. W. Webster). 2. Grayia Pugettensis. (Prary XIV.a. fig. 4.) {phimedia Pugettensis, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 932. pl. 63. f. 6. “ Eyes hardly reniform. Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda of moderate size, elongato-ovate, subacute at apex, below and above nearly equally arcuate, below hirsute ; dactylos long ; carpus about one-third as long as the propodos, below rather narrow, obtuse and hirsute ; meros narrow, triangularly produced behind. Fifth pair of pereiopoda slender ; set few, short. Caudal stylets long, first 102 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. and second pairs reaching backwards beyond the third; branches of first pair having five rather distinct sete above. ** Length 3 lines. “ Hab. Puget’s Sound.”—Dana. 19. WESTWOODILLA. Westwoodia, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synops. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Cephalon produced, depressed. Eyes united. Superior antenne without appendage. Mandibles appendicuiated. First pair of gnathopoda subchelate, second not subchelate. Posterior pair of pereiopoda much longer than the preceding ; dactylos long, straight, and styliform. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson squamiform. Westwoodia having been already adopted by Dana for a genus of Entomostracous Crustacea, I have felt obliged to alter the termination of the name of this genus, which I have designated in honour of one of the most eminent of European entomologists. 1. Westwoodilla cecula, (Pirate XVI. fig. 5.) Westwoodia ceecula, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 ; Synops. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 172. Eyes converging into a single organ, situated above and in advance of the superior antenne. Superior antenn having the peduncle as long again as the flagellum. Inferior antennz scarcely longer than the superior, having the peduncle as long again as the flagel- lum. Mandibles haying the incisive margin edentulous; secondary plate similar. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos long ovate, narrow; palm nearly the length of the inferior margin, fringed with cilia; carpus having the inferior distal angle pro- duced. Second pair of gnathopoda having the distal half of the superior margin forming an obtuse angle with the anterior half, and supplied with a thick brush of hairs. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda small, short, having a long, slightly curved dactylos. Coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda unequally divided ; anterior ~ lobe nearly as deep as the preceding coxee. Fifth pair of pereiopoda one-third as long again as the fourth. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami lanceolate. Telson concave above, round at the extremity. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Banff, Mr. Edward. At Plymouth I have found it among. trawl-refuse. >_> *—-t)e, ae ve. oce } eH ee es ees EE GAMMARID2&, 103 The body of the animal is covered with a short fur, increasing in quantity posteriorly ; it is formed by a number of minute triangular blades, the sharp extremities pointing outwards ; beneath this the microscope shows a series of double semicircles, somewhat like cir- cular scales overlapping each other, the centre of each being marked by a distinct spot or nucleus. 2. Westwoodilla hyalina, n.s. (Prare XVII. fig. 5.) B.M. Eyes prominent. Superior antenne scarcely longer than the peduncle of the inferior. In all other respects the animal resembles W. ccecula, except in the microscopic appearance and structure of the integument. The fur that covers the body is finer, and the central spot or nucleus to each cellular marking is wanting. It may be but a sexual variety. Length ,6,ths of an inch. Hab. Taken by trawlers near the Eddystone, among the branches of zoophytes (C.S. B.). 20. (2DICERUS. C&diceros, Kréyer, Tidskr. iv. p. 146, 1842-3. (Edicerus, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 933. ‘Cephalon produced anteriorly into a rostrum more or less radute than obtuse, but always transparent, turgid, yellowish red, oval. Eyes none? Peduncles of the antennz long, equalling or surpassing in length the flagellum of the superior. Superior antennz not appendiculated. Both pairs of gnathopoda subchelate, very large. First two pairs of pereiopoda strong ; fifth pair of pereiopoda very long, slight, almost filiform (except the basos). Coxe moderately large, broad and deep, armed upon the inferior margins with simple hairs. Posterior margin of the fourth pair not excavated.” —Kroyer. (Edicerus differs from Grayia in the length and form of the posterior pair of pereiopoda, and from Westwoodilla in haying the second pair of gnathopoda subchelate; and if @dicerus Nove-Zealandie belong to this genus, in the form of the eyes also. I have seen no typical species of the genus. Krdoyer’s description, except that the produced carpus is not mentioned, so nearly agrees with the genus Monoculodes, that I am inclined, from the relative position of the antenn, to think @. Nove-Zealandiee does not belong to it ; but, not haying seen a spe- cimen, I have thought it preferable that, for the present, it should remain in the genus assigned it by its original describer. 1. Gdicerus saginatus. (Ediceros saginatus, Avdyer, Tidskr. ser. 1. iv. p. 156, 1842-3. “ White mottled with brown. Pereion broad, distended ; back wide, 104 AMPITIPODA NORMALIA. smooth. Third joint of the peduncle of the superior antenne half shorter than the second; fourth (? fifth) joint of the peduncle of the inferior antennz much longer than the third. “* Length 8-9 lines. ““ Hab. From Greenland to the shores of Norway.”—Kréyer. 2. dicerus Nove-Zealandia. (Puary XVII. fig. 1.) CEdicerus Novi-Zealandiz, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p.934. pl. 63.£.7. «Superior antenne not half as long as the body, terete. Inferior pair nearly twice as long ; base twice as long as base of superior ; flagellum about 21-jointed, twice as long as base ; sete very short. Fifth pair of pereiopoda as long as body, styliform at extremity. Gnathopoda unequal, similar; propodos of first pair smallest; of second pair of moderate size, broad subovate, nearly naked, obliquely truncate ; palm oblique, very slightly excavate, or nearly straight. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos rather narrow. “Length 2 lines. “ Hab. Bay of Islands, New Zealand, in small pools on the rocky shores near Cororatika. Collected March 1840.”—Dana. The figure of this species does not exhibit the generic character of the anteriorly produced cephalon ; but in all other respects it agrees, except perhaps the eyes. Grayia Pugettensis may belong to this genus (certainly not to Iphimedia); my only doubt rests upon the length of the fifth pair of pereiopoda. 21. MONOCULODES. Monoculodes, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 54. Kroyera, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Cephalon produced and depressed anteriorly. Eyes coalesced into one, situated above and anterior to the superior antenne. Su- perior antenne not appendiculated. Gnathopoda subchelate, having the carpus produced along the inferior margin of the propodos, so as to meet the apex of the dactylos. Posterior pair of pereiopoda much longer than the others. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. ‘Telson squamiform, entire. 1. Monoculodes carinatus. (Prare XVII. fig. 2.) BM. Westwoodia carinata, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855. Kréyera carinata, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857, White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 173. Cephalon depressed anteriorly and incurved. Two posterior segments of the pereion and three anterior of the pleon strongly carinated. Eyes large, oval, red, situated above and in advance of the superior GAMMARID.2. 105 antenne. Superior antenne not longer than the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne having the last joint of the peduncle longer than the two preceding, and as long as the flagellum of either pair of antenne. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos oval; palm oblique, convex, defined by a single strong spine, and fringed with a single row of short hooked spines and a few fasciculi of hairs of uneven length; carpus produced and broadly dilated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos long and moderately broad; palm oblique, rounded, and fringed with a few spines; carpus as long as the propodos, and sparsely ciliated. First two pairs of pereiopoda alike, having the propodos dilated anteriorly at the distal extremity and furnished with a brush of cilia. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda alike ; cox as deep as the preceding, those of the third pair of pereiopoda being subequally bilobed; in both, the basos is oval, and fringed with a few long plumose cilia; the meros posteriorly produced ; the dactylos short and posteriorly directed. Posterior pair as long again as the preceding, and terminating in a long styliform dactylos. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, clean. Telson lanceolate. Length half an inch. : Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward). Taken from a haddock’s stomach in from 30 to 40 fathoms near Banff (Mr. Gregor). When placed under the microscope, the surface of the integument upon the pereion is covered with minute and distant scales, which gradually increase and approach each other until they assume their maximum upon the anterior portion of the pleon, and again gradually decrease towards the posterior extremity of the animal. 2. Monoculodes Stimpsoni, n. sp. (Prare XVII. fig. 3.) B.M. Cephalon anteriorly depressed, not incurved. Pleon not carinated. Superior antenne........ Inferior antennee having the last joint of the peduncle not longer than the preceding. First pair of gnathopoda........ Second pair of gnathopoda having the palm more oblique than in the preceding species. First two pairs of pereiopoda alike, having the dactylos rudimentary, lost in the brush at the extremity of the propodos; third and fourth pairs having their coxée not so deep as the preceding. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, Length about ,8,ths of an inch, Hab. Plymouth (C.S. B.). The above description and the figure are taken from an imperfect specimen, though enough remains to establish its distinctness from the last species. 106 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 3. Monoculodes demissus. ee demissus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 54. ** Body smooth and shining, broad and thick anteriorly, and slender posteriorly. Pleon constituting more than three-sevenths of the total length. Coxze of the first five pairs of considerable size ; the rest very small, Head tumid, terminating anteriorly in a large subtriangular rostrum curving downwards, at the base of which, above, are the large vermilion-coloured eyes, which are so near together as to appear one, even when viewed from above. Antenne thick-based, and about equal in length, reaching the fourth segment of the pereion; the superior ones with a much longer flagellum than the subpediform inferior ones. Both pairs of gnathopoda having the propodos oval; dactylos strong; carpus produced, so as to antagonize with the extremity of the dactylos ; the second pair the larger. Pereiopoda simply unguiculate ; third and fourth pairs very short, fifth of great length. Three pairs of posterior pleopoda nearly smooth, of considerable length, tapering to fine points, the antepenultimate pair reaching to the extremity of the ultimate. Colour wine-yellow. “ Length 0°35 inch. «Hab. Dredged in four fathoms, on a coarse sand and nullipore bottom, off Duck Island boat-moorings.”—Stimpson. 22, KROYERA. Kroyera, Spence Bate, Synopsis, &¢., Ann. Nat. Hist, Feb, 1857. Cephalon produced and anteriorly depressed, Eyes not coalesced into one. Superior antenne not appendiculate. First pair of gnathopoda subchelate; carpus inferiorly produced along the inferior margin of the propodos. Second pair chelate; carpus produced along the inferior margin of the propodos. Fifth pair of pereiopoda considerably longer than the preceding. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson squamiform, entire. This genus is named in honour of the distinguished Danish naturalist. 1. Kroyera arenaria, (Piate XVII. fig. 4.) B.M. Kroyera arenaria, Spence Bate, Tyneside Nat. Field Club, vol. iv. pt. 1. p. 16. pl. 2. fig. 1. Eyes round. Inferior antenne one-fourth longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos subchelate, ovate ; palm oblique ; carpus produced, so as to meet the extremity of the GAMMARIDA, 107 dactylos. Second pair of gnathopoda chelate; propodos long and narrow, cylindrical; carpus produced one-fourth beyond the ex- tremity of the dactylos, and enlarged at the apex. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, having the dactylos minute ; the anterior distal extremity of the propodos furnished with a brush of hairs. Third and fourth subequal, having the basos oval; the meros posteriorly and distally dilated and produced; carpus pos- teriorly and distally produced; dactylos short; distal posterior extremity of the propodos furnished with a brush of hairs. Pos- terior pair of pereiopoda as long again as the preceding; basos narrower; meros not so dilated nor produced ; carpus not pro- duced ; dactylos long, straight, fringed with hairs, and tipped with one long and straight spine. Posterior pair of pleopoda not so long as the preceding ; rami equal, Telson concave above, and fringed with hair. Length 2,ths of an inch. Hab. Sandy shore near Sunderland (Mr. A. Hancock), where it was observed to make peculiar furrows, which have been described and figured by its discoverer in a paper “On certain Vermiform Fossils,” &c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Dec. 1858, and Tyneside Nat. Field Club, vol. iv. pt. 1. p. 17. pl. 4: also Cumbrae, near Glasgow (Mr. Robertson). 23. AMPHILOCHUS, n. g. Cephalon produced, anteriorly depressed. Eyes two, posterior to the superior antenne. Superior antenne not appendiculated. Gnathopoda subchelate ; in both, the carpus is inferiorly produced. Pereiopoda subequal; coxve of the third pair not so deep as the preceding. Posterior pair of pleopoda double-branched (?), Tel- son single. This genus is distinguished from Monoculodes by having two eyes situated laterally, from Aréyera by having the second pair of gnathopoda not chelate, and from both by the shortness of the posterior pair of pereiopoda. 1. Amphilochus manudens,n.s. (Puare XVII. fig. 6.) B.M. Cephalon anteriorly depressed, not incurved. Eyesround. Superior antennse longer than the inferior; peduncle longer than the flagellum. Inferior antenne having the peduncle nearly as long as the peduncle of the superior ; flagellum scarcely longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos long, narrow, tapering ; superior edge produced anteriorly beyond the articulation of the dactylos in the form of a tooth ; 108 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. palm, including the whole of the inferior margin, minutely ciliated, straight, nearly parallel with the superior margin; carpus pro- duced, pointed, antagonizing with the extremity of the dactylos ; dactylos arched, bent at the extremity. Second pair of gnatho- poda having the propodos gradually widening towards the palm ; superior margin anteriorly produced into a tooth beyond the articulation with the dactylos ; palm oblique, imperfectly serrated ; inferior angle rounded ; inferior margin straight ; carpus inferiorly produced, its apex antagonizing with the extremity of the dactylos. Pereiopoda subequal in length; posterior pair having the basos ovate; posterior margin serrated. Three posterior pairs of pleo- poda subequal. Telson lanceolate. Colour claret-red. Length ,2,ths of an inch. Hab. From roots of Laminaria in a few fathoms water, Cumbrae, N. B. (Mr. Robertson). 24. DARWINIA. Darwinia, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, §e., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Cephalon produced. Pereion not compressed. Eyes two. Superior antennez without a secondary appendage. Inferior antenne not so robust as the superior. Mandibles with an appendage. Gna- thopoda subchelate. Pereiopoda strong, equal, having the dactylos sharp, curved, and powerful. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous, styliform. Telson single, entire, squamiform. This figure is named after the distinguished author of the Mono- graph of the Cirripedia. 1. Darwinia compressa. (Pirate XVII. fig. 7.) B.M. Darwinia compressa, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, &§c., Ann. Nat. Host. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 176. Cephalon produced into a short, obtuse, flat rostrum. Pereion broad and smooth. Third segment of the pleon not so deep as the preceding ; three posterior segments suddenly narrower, and reflected closely beneath the three preceding. Eyes round. Su- perior antenne longer than the inferior, having the peduncle nearly as long as the flagellum. Inferior antenne reaching a little beyond the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnatho- poda very small, scarcely subchelate, having the superior and inferior margins of the propodos nearly parallel ; palm not defined, furnished with a few short hairs; dactylos long, and scarcely ee GAMMARID.2. 109 curved, Second pair of gnathopoda a little larger than the first, having the propodos scarcely as long as the carpus; palm straight, at right angles with the superior and inferior margins ; dactylos furnished with a tooth upon the concave surface. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda stout and powerful; coxe deeper than the preceding, and developed inferiorly to an angle, the second being deeper than the first; the rest of the joints cylindrical; meros and carpus short ; propodos longer ; dactylos long, sharp, strong, clean, curved. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the cox produced deeper posteriorly than anteriorly ; basos dilated, ovate, inferiorly produced to cover the ischium; meros slightly dilated ; carpus and propodos cylindrical; propodos not much longer than the carpus, and furnished anteriorly with a few spines; dactylos like the preceding. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, clean. Telson lanceolate. Length ,i,ths of an inch. Hab. Bantt (Mr. Edward) ; Macduff (Mr. Gregor) ; Polperro (Mr. Loughrin). The colour of the specimens that were sent to me from Scotland was dark brown, those from Polperro paper-white; these latter have also since become brown; hence we may assume white to be their natural colour. The specimens sent to me by Mr. Loughrin were also thickly covered by a species of Vorticella, a circumstance that denotes at least a peculiar habitat. I received them in the same bottle with some parasitic Crustacea taken from the throat of the Cod and skin of the Picked Dog-fish ; but, as Mr. Loughrin made no special note of these, I am not prepared to affirm whether or not they are parasitic. The form of the dactylos of each pair of pereiopoda bears a strong resemblance to that of parasitic Isopoda, and must be very efficient for hooking-on to the skin of anyanimal; but it is difficult to suppose that the delicate Vorticella could remain attached either in the throat or upon the external surface of a fast-swimming fish. 25, LAFYSTIUS. Lafystius, Kréyer, Tidskr. 1 ser. vol. iv. p. 156, 1842. “« Cephalon depressed, produced, broader than long, Antennse rather short, subulate, strong (superior the stronger); peduncle and fla- gellum about equal in length, placed beneath the rostrum in the same plane, one before the other. Eyes situated dorsally on the surface of the cephalon. Mandibles narrow, pointed, furnished with an appendage. Maxillipeds with a biarticulate palpus. Thorax broad, depressed. First pair of gnathopoda slender ; propodos linear; dactylos long. Second pair of gnathopoda short, strong; propodos quadrate; dactylos sublaminar, apex setose, 110 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Perciopoda strong, subcheliform, subequal ; coxse moderate ; fourth pair produced inferiorly into a point. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda elongate ; three posterior pairs feeble.” —Kroyer. ‘ Tel- son single, squamiform, entire.”—Liljeborg. 1. Lafystius Sturionis. Lafystius Sturionis, Krdyer, Nat. Tidskr. 1 ser. vol. iv. p. 156. Liljeborg, Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. 1855. ‘Body depressed. Dactylos on each of the pereiopoda powerful, long, strong, arcuate, sharp, very similar to those in Felina among mammals, and resembling strongly those of the parasitic Isopods, especially in the erratic Cymothoédians. Superior antenne un- usually thick, scarcely reaching to the fourth segment of the pereion; peduncle and flagellum about equal in length, the latter consisting of about nine rapidly decreasing joints. Inferior antenne placed beneath and behind the superior, much smaller, but not much shorter ; last joint of the peduncle longer than the rest; flagellum consisting of about seven joints. Mandibular appendage large, triarticulate, last joint aculeate. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda nearly oblong-ovate; dactylos scarcely unguiform, minute, lamellose, arcuate, apex setiferous. Pleon suddenly narrower posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda large, and formed for leaping(?); last pair having lamellose rami, concave above, subulate, exterior the smaller, both longer than the peduncle. Telson not divided, lamellose, small, round-ovate. “ Length of the largest specimen about 7 millimetres by 23 broad. “Colour white. Eyes round, black. “The males are much smaller than the females, and have the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda thicker and shorter; in other respects they resemble each other.”-—Liljeborg. Hab. In crowds behind the first pectoral fin of Acipenser Sturio, and more rarely from Squalus galeus.—Kréyer. In asimilar position on Gadus morrhua, near Kullaberg.—i}jeborg. 26. GUERINIA. Guerinia, Hope, Fauna of Naples (three new Crustacea). Cephalon but slightly produced, anteriorly depressed. Eyes con- vergent, coalescent (?). Superior antennse appendiculate. Coxe not so deep as their respective segments. First pair of gnathopoda subchelate. Second not subchelate ; dactylos spatuliform. Pos- terior pairs of pleopoda biramous. Telson single, squamiform. GAMMARIDE. Lil 1. Guerinia Nicwensis. (Prare XIV. a. fig. 5.) Guerinia Nicwensis, Hope, Fauna of Naples (three new Crustacea). Cephalon produced to a point. Eyes large, occupying nearly the whole of the cephalon. Superior antenne reaching but little beyond the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne one-third the length of the animal. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos very large, quadrate; palm scarcely convex, evenly serrated ; dactylos curved, large and powerful. Second pair of gnathopoda feeble, slender, having the propodos very small; dactylos triangular, dilated, compressed, flattened at the apex, and fringed with long hairs. Pereiopoda subequal. Three pos- terior pairs of pleopoda subequal, rami uniform. Telson nearly circular. Hab. Taken on fish off the coast of Naples (Hope). For the description of this animal I am dependent upon the accuracy of the Rev. Mr. Hope’s figure in the pamphlet quoted. 27. LEPIDACTYLIS. Lepidactylis, Say, Proce. Phil. Acad. vol. i. part 2. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 912. Cephalon subquadrate, short, produced into a short acute rostrum. Eyes convex, touching the anterior edge of the cephalon. Antenne subequal: superior having the flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle; inferior rather longer than the superior, incurved ; fourth and fifth joints of the peduncle dilated inferiorly, compressed, furnished with elongated plumose cilia; these two joints when at rest form a continuous oval; the former is dola- briform. Gnathopoda simple, filiform, equal. First and second pairs of pereiopoda equal, didactyle ; hand compressed, not dilated ; finger rounded ; thumb oval, lamelliform: remaining pereiopoda gradually larger, compressed, armed with short spines, and destitute of a dactylos: posterior pair largest; meros lengthened above, and nearly attaining the tip of the carpus, which is crenated and spinous on the edge; propodos compressed, serrated and spinous on the.edge and truncate at tip. Pleon abruptly narrower than the pereion. Few authors have suffered more from the want of a uniform system of names in describing Crustacea than Professor Say. This genus has been passed over by authors in consequence of the description not conveying a clear idea of the form. In the foregoing I have been obliged to retain Say’s expressions of finger and thumb, because I cannot with certainty identify their homologues. I am inclined to F12 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. think the genus to be very closely allied to, if not synonymous with, Sulcator, in which case the finger is the homologue of the propodos, and the thumb is formed by the inferior portion of the produced and dilated carpus. In this I am confirmed by the “remaining feet” being destitute of a dactylos (nail). 1. Lepidactylis ditiscus. Lepidactylis ditiscus, Say, Proc. Philad. Acad. vol. i. pt. 2. « Male.—Eyes orbicular. Body white. Superior antenne having the secondary appendage attaining the tip of the fourth joint of the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda hairy. “Length: male }, female ,3;ths of an inch. “ Hab. Georgia, U.S.””—Say. 28. SULCATOR. Suleator, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. xiii. p. 504, 1854, Bellia, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 318, 1851. Cephalon produced anteriorly. Pleon having the three posterior segments bent beneath and enclosed within the third. Superior antenne with a secondary appendage. Coxe large. Gnathopoda scarcely subchelate, having the dactylos small in the first and rudimentary in the second. Pereiopoda having the dactylos obso- lete. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda having the carpus and propodos dilated ; three anterior pairs of pleopoda short ; posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson single, deeply divided. 1. Sulcator arenarius. (Pxrarr XVIII.) B.M. Sulcator arenarius, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1854; Report Brit. Assoc. 1855; Synops. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857; Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club, vol. iv.-pt. 1. p. 15. pl. 2. f. 2, 1858. Gosse, Marine Zoology, p. 142. f. 264. White, Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 174. Bellia arenaria, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. vii. p. 318, 1851. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. Crust. p. 912. Cephalon produced into a small flat rostrum. Pereion smooth ; third segment of the pleon longer than the preceding ; the three posterior segments reflexed, and enclosed beneath the third. Eyes small, round, eream-coloured. Superior antenne having the peduncle longer than the flagellum ; secondary appendage nearly as long as the primary; peduncle studded with plumose cilia. Inferior antennae having the fourth and fifth segments dilated beneath, compressed, ciliated with plumose hairs; flagellum not so long as the last two joints of the peduncle. Mandibles having the second and third joints of the appendage long, subequal ; third tipped with long cylindrical GAMMARID. 113 hairs, serrated upon one side and curved at the apex. First pair of maxillee having the ischium long and the squamiform plate taper ing. Second pair of maxille having the basos complex ; it is formed like a hollow chamber with a longitudinal septum, the edges ciliated; ischium tapering, and plumosely ciliated upon the inner margin. Maxillipeds having the carpus internally dilated, compressed, abundantly covered with fasciculi of long hairs strongly serrated upon the lower margin ; propodos internally di- lated, compr essed, fringed with crenulated hairs; dactylos absent. First pair of gnathopoda having the meros short, the carpus long, and the propodos about half as long as the carpus; dactylos unguiculate; hairs upon the propodos long, lobed at the point, and furnished with a subapical appendage. Second pair of gna- thopoda scarcely differing from the first pair except that the dac- tylos is rudimentary ; the hairs upon the inferior margin of the carpus are of two kinds, one long and slender, the other short, stout, flat, curved at the point, and crenulate upon each margin ; upon the propodos they are short, lobed, and serrated along one side. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda resembling each other; meros plumosely ciliated ; carpus compressed, dilated, ciliated upon the inferior side, and furnished with a few stout spines; propodos compressed, dilated, and furnished along the apical margin with short stout spines. Third pair of pereiopoda having the meros and carpus distally produced posteriorly, scaly, the margin of each scale fringed with short spines or long plumose cilia; propodos not dilated ; anterior margin and apex studded with short strong spines ; dactylos absent. Fourth pair of pereiopoda having the meros posteriorly and the carpus anteriorly dilated and covered with fasciculi of short spines and long simple hairs, the latter marginal ; propodos cylindrical, and studded posteriorly and on the apex with bunches of short strong spines. The posterior pair of pereiopoda differ from the preceding in having the meros dilated posteriorly and distally, and the propodos compressed and slightly dilated. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda short ; rami subequal, spinous; a fasciculus of long plumose hairs near the inferior distal margin of the peduncle of the penultimate pair. Telson deeply divided, the divisions dilated so as to overlap each other ; apex covered with spines; a small, lateral, compressed, spinous lobe upon each side at the base. Length }}ths of an inch (exclusive of the inflected portion of the pleon). Hab. Falmouth (Dr. Leach); Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Sunderland (Mr. A. Hancock) ; Oxwich and Rhosilly Bays, Glamor- I 114 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. ganshire (Mr. M. Moggridge and C.S. B.). It burrows in the sands between tide-marks, and leaves tracks upon the surface which are of interest to the geologist. These have been described by Mr. Albany Hancock in a paper ‘On certain yermiform fossils found in the Mountain Limestone districts of the North of England,” read at the meeting of the British Association at Leeds in 1858, and published in the ‘ Annals of Natural History’ and in the ‘ Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’-Field Club.’ 29. UROTHOE. Urothoé, Dana, U. 8, Explor. Exped. p. 920, Eyes two, lateral. Coxe very large; fifth pair very small. Gnathopoda slender, subchelate. Superior antenne appendiculate. Maxillipeds having the propodos long, and dilated anteriorly ; carpus dilated internally and anteriorly ; the lamelle of the ischium smail, of the basos rudimentary. Posterior pair of pleopoda two-branched, very long; branches foliaceous. Telson double. 1. Urothoé Bairdii, n.s. (Pare XIX. fig. 1.) BM. Cephalon not produced into a rostrum. Eyes round, small. Superior antenne having the peduncle not longer than the peduncle of the inferior ; flagellum nearly as long as the peduncle ; secondary ap- pendage half as long as the primary. Inferior antenne one-third as long as the animal; flagellum nearly three times as long as the peduncle, the proximal joints not longer than broad, the distal joints gradually increasing in length to the apex; peduncle furnished along the superior margin with strong spines and long hairs. Gnatho- poda uniform; first pair a little the larger; carpus not longer than the propodos, a little dilated posteriorly ; propodos gradually increasing in width anteriorly ; palm convex, not defined ; inferior angle rounded, ciliated. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, uniform ; propodos slightly dilated anteriorly, furnished with two or three spines; dactylos straight, serrated posteriorly. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos quadrate; meros and carpus short, broad, round, furnished posteriorly with fasciculi of long plumose hairs ; carpus furnished with two or three rows of short stiff spines ; propodos nearly three times as long as broad, haying three long plumose hairs, two on the anterior and one on the posterior margin, and two long straight spies at the distal ex- tremity of the propodos ; dactylos long, cultriform. Fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda uniform ; coxe small; basos oblong quadrate ; meros and carpus not so broad as in the third pair of pereio- poda:; propodos cylindrical, ciliated anteriorly ; dactylos straight, “~—se o GAMMARID.®. 115 styliform. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda short; rami very unequal: penultimate short; rami equal: ultimate long; rami broad, tapering, much longer than peduncle, one branch furnished with plumose cilia; the outer clean, having an articulation near the apex. Telson having each division tipped with a solitary eentral spine with a fine hair upon each side. Length 4,ths of an inch. Hab, Macduff (Mr. Gregor). The name is given in compliment te the author of the Monograph of the British Entomostraca. 2. Urothoé marinus. (Prare XIX. fig. 2.) Suleator marinus, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Veb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 176. Cephalon not produced into a rostrum. Superior antenne having the peduncle as long as the inferior antenne; superior margin having fascieuli of cilia; flagellum scarcely longer than last joint of peduncle; secondary appendage half as long as the primary. Inferior antennze haying the first joint of the peduncle as long as the other two, furnished with three longitudinal rows of obtuse- pointed spines gradually increasing in length towards the distal extremity of the joint, each subapically tipped with a small hair; fourth and fifth joints subequal, furnished superiorly and distally with a few spines and long hairs; flagellum consisting of a single joint, tipped with two long hairs. First pair of gnathopoda much smaller than the second ; carpus longer than the propodos, dilated inferiorly, straight, sparsely ciliated, minutely produced anteriorly ; propodos narrow ovate, slightly inereasing anteriorly, ciliated ; palm not defined; dactylos long, curved. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first, which it resembles, except that the inferior dilated margin of the carpus is convex and fringed with two longitudinal rows of cilia, one directed anteriorly, the other posteriorly ; distal margin excavated; propedos increasing ante- riorly in breadth; palm emarginate, scarcely defined; inferior angle rounded, ciliated. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda uniform ; basos furnished at the posterior distal extremity with a fasciculus of plumose cilia; earpus furnished posteriorly with four obtuse- pointed spines, gradually increasing in length; propodos dilated posteriorly, and furnished with four or five sharp straight spines of unequal length ; dactylos nearly straight, with coarse serratures (or small tubercles) upon the posterior margin. The dactylos, with the large spines upon the propodos and the spines 12 116 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. upon the carpus, evidently forms a strong prehensile organ. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos quadrate, posteriorly crenulate, a cilium springing from each depression; meros posteriorly and distally produced, fringed with long plumose cilia; carpus broad, round, furnished with two or three rows of short stout spines and a few long plumose cilia; dactylos cultriform, anterior margin slightly serrated near the point. Posterior pair of pereiopoda haying the basos rounded posteriorly ; carpus furnished anteriorly with short spines; propodos produced at the distal extremity, and tipped with a long, straight, obtuse-pointed spine ; two similar spines upon the corresponding anterior margin; a bunch of spines also occur near the centre of the anterior margin; dac- tylos crooked, having three small tubercles upon the anterior margin. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami short, unequal, naked, styliform: penultimate pair having the rami equal, short, styliform, naked: ultimate pair long ; rami subequal, lanceolate, fringed with long plumose cilia; outer branch haying an articulation near the apex. Telson subapically furnished with a short stout spine and several fine hairs. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward and Mr. Gregor). By the latter it was taken from the stomach of a Haddock caught in about 30 fathoms. To these two gentlemen, together with my much-valued correspondent, the Rey. G. Gordon, I am largely indebted for Crustacea from the neighbourhood of the Moray Frith, which form so considerable an item among the North British forms. Shetland (Mr. G. Barlee). 3. Urothoé brevicornis, n.s. (Piare XX. fig. 1.) — B.M. Eyes small, round. Superior antenne having the peduncle as long as the inferior antenne ; flagellum five-jointed; secondary ap- pendage two-jointed. Inferior antenne like those of U. marinus. First pair of gnathopoda small, slender; carpus not produced inferiorly ; propodos shorter than the carpus, tapering; palm not defined, ciliated ; dactylos slightly curved. Second pair of gnatho- poda having the carpus dilated ; inferior margin fringed with cilia, and excavated anteriorly ; propodos oblong-ovate ; palm scarcely defined, ciliated ; dactylos slightly curved. First and second pairs of pereiopoda uniform ; one or two long spines on carpus, and one or two on propodos ; propodos not dilate ; dactylos straight. Third pair of pereiopoda, having the basos triangulate ; meros, carpus, and propodos furnished with rows of short stout spines; distal extremity of the carpus fringed with long plumose cilia; dactylos long, straight, cultriform, imperfectly serrated upon the anterior a rite eee ue GAMMARILD.X. 7 margin. Fourth and fifth pairs nearly uniform ; basos having the posterior margin rounded, imperfectly crenulated; dactylos straight, styliform. Ante- and penultimate pairs of pleopoda having both the base and the rami longer than in U. marinus: ultimate pair not reaching much beyond the antepenultimate ; rami lanceolate, naked. Telson long, obtuse, naked. Length scarcely ,ths of an inch. Hab. Tenby (Mr. W. Webster). 4. Urothoé elegans. (Puarp XX. fig. 2.) B.M. Urothoé elegans, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Gammarus elegans, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855. Cephalon not produced beyond the base of the superior antennex. Eyes nearly horizontal, long ovate. Superior antenne haying the first joint of the peduncle broader than, and subequal in length to, the others; flagellum about half as long as the pe- duncle, four-jointed ; secondary appendage two-jointed. Inferior antenne having the peduncle nearly as long as the peduncle of the superior; flagellum slight, nearly as long as the animal. Gna- thopoda subequal, slender ; carpi longer than the propoda ; palme oblique, imperfectly defined, ciliated. First and second pairs of pereiopoda subequal; propoda slightly dilated at the distal extremity, ciliated; dactyla straight, sharp, styliform. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos quadrate; dactylos long, straight, sharp, styliform. Fourth pair longer than the third; basos oval; dactylos long, straight, sharp, styliform. Fifth pair having the basos oval; dactylos long, sharp, straight ; a few long plumose cilia mixed with short simple ones occur upon the poste- rior margins of the carpus and propodos, Ante- and penultimate pairs of pleopoda short ; rami very short, shorter than their respect- ive bases, subequal: ultimate pair long; rami longer than base, plumosely ciliated. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab. Plymouth; found among trawl refuse (C.S. B.). This species appears to be so much like U. irrostratus, that, had not their respective habitats been so distant, I should have been inclined to have united them. I have observed a close approximation, in the forms of the Amphipods found on the coasts of Western Europe, to those on the coasts of the Australasian Islands. 5. Urothoé irrostratus. (Prare XX. fig. 3.) Urothoé irrostratus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 922. pl. 62. f. 5, “Near U. rostratus. Cephalon not rostrate. Flagellum of the 118 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. superior antenne six- or seven-jointed, shorter than the peduncle ; appendage very short, two- or three-jointed. Carpus of second and third pairs of pereiopoda nodulose along the inner side, this side somewhat arcuate, “ Length 3 lines. ‘© Hab. Sooloo Sea, with U. rostratus.’”’—Dana. 6. Urothoé rostratus. (Piare XX. fig. 4.) Urothoé rostratus, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 921. pl. 62. fig. 5. Cephalon lamellately produced, even to the apex of the first joint of the peduncle of the superior antenne. Eyes round. First joint of superior antenne rather stout, oblong ; second joint more slender and a little shorter. Inferior pair longer than half the body ; penultimate joint of peduncle towards apex furnished with stout reversed setee; flagellum very slender ; joints long. Gnathopoda subequal; propoda a little oblong, obliquely truncate. at apex. First and second pairs of pereiopoda hardly prehensile ; propodos and carpus furnished with stout setee somewhat like fingers. Fifth pair of pereiopoda quite short, much shorter than the fourth. ** Length 3 lines. “« Hab. Sooloo Sea, Feb. 1842.”—Dana. ‘ © 30. LILJEBORGIA, n. g. Cephalon not much produced. Pereion long, slender, and compressed. Inferior antennze longer than the superior. Coxe not deeper than their respective segments. Gnathopoda resembling each other in form ; second pair larger than the first, subchelate ; carpus con- tinuous with the propodos, and produced anteriorly along its infe- rior margin. Perciopoda having the dactyla styliform. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson single, entire. This genus is distinguished from Urothoé by the large gnathopoda, small coxe, and the form of the telson. It is named in compliment to Prof. Liljjeborg. 1. Liljeborgia pallida. (Prare XX. fig. 5.) B.M. Gammarus pallidus, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 ; Synopsis, &e., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Pleon haying a minute dorsal tooth upon the first, second, and fourth segments ; the posterior margin of the third segment excavate near the infero-posterior angle, which is produced into a sharp tooth. Eyes large, circular, black. Superior antenne shorter than the peduncle of the inferior; flagellum as long as the peduncle ; >”) P Sl @Gem Bus AS | GAMMARLD.B. 119 secondary appendage nearly as long as the primary. Inferior antenne having the fourth and fifth joimts subequal and three times as long as the third ; flagellum not so long as the fifth joint of the peduncle. Gnathopoda similar in form; the second pair larger than the first, having the carpus very short, inferiorly pro- duced ; propodos ovate, tapering; palm occupying nearly the whole of the inferior margin, ciliated with hairs of irregular form, alternately long and short, each carrying two minute cilia upon the anterior margin, and short hooks directed posteriorly ; dac- tylos long, curved, denticulated upon the inner margin. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda slender and short; the three posterior pairs gradually increasing in length; the basos in each is ovate, and suceessively broader, the last two being posteriorly serrated ; the dactyla upon all the pereiopoda are long, slender, and styli- form. Posterior pair of pleopoda styliform, almost naked. Telson membranous, ovate. Length 54,ths of an inch. Hab. Dredged in Plymouth Sound (Vr. 7. P. Sinyth and C.S. B.). The colour of this animal is white, with a rich crimson blotch near the middle which is very conspicuous, and readily enabled me to identify every specimen that I took. The propoda on the gnatho- poda are of a rosy hue, and a tinge of the same colour may be ob- served at several of the articulations of the pereiopoda. 31. PHADRA. Pheedra, Spence Bute, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. p. 187, 1858. Cephalon not much produced over the peduncles of the antenne. Segments of the pereion very short, of the pleon very long. Eyes (not made out). Superior antenne shorter than the inferior, ap- pendieulated. Gnathopoda (not made out). Cox small. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. ‘Telson squamiform, simple. This genus is one of considerable interest in consequence of its approximation to the only fossil Amphipod that has yet been dis- covered. 1. Phedra Kinahani, n.s. (Piare XXI. fig. 1.) BM. Cephalon produced anteriorly, slightly depressed. Six segments of the pereion very short; seventh as long as those of the pleon. Three posterior segments of the pereion and five of the pleon centrally and dorsally produced posteriorly, the last three into pro- minent teeth. Eyes small, round, black. Superior antenne having L20 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the first joint of the peduncle thicker and longer than the other two, the inferior distal extremity furnished with a small sharp tooth; flagellum reaching nearly to the extremity of the inferior antennie, secondary appendage half as long as the primary, joints in each longer than broad. Inferior antennze having the peduncle nearly as long as that of the superior antenne ; flagellum not so long as the last joint of the peduncle, joints fused together more completely upon the lower margin, ciliated only upon the upper margin. Gnathopoda uniform ; propodos triangular ; palm oblique, nearly as long as the inferior margin, slightly convex, fringed with alternate long and short bent hairs, the long ones each having two lateral cilia; inferior angle defined by a tubercle surmounted by a sharp spine ; carpus produced to half the length of the inferior margin ; meros having the inferior distal extremity produced to a sharp angle. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda equal in length ; the basos scarcely dilated. Ante- and penultimate pairs of pleopoda shghtly spmous; ultimate pair clean, somewhat longer than the preceding. Telson emarginate, having each ex- tremity notched at the apex. Length 3,ths of an inch. Hab. Taken from a Nullipore bank off the coast in the neighbour- hood of Glasgow. For this and several other species I am indebted to my valued correspondent Mr. Robertson of Glasgow. 2. Phedra antiqua. (Pirate XXI. fig. 2.) B.M. Pheedra antiqua, Spence Bate, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. p. 187. pl. 6. f. 8, 1858. Cephalon produced into a minute rostrum. Third segment of the pleon having the posterior margin ornate, serrated and den- ticulated. Superior pair of antenne having the first joint of the peduncle broader and longer than the second ; third joint scarcely longer than the first of the flagellum ; flagellum short (?), secondary appendage uniarticulate. Second pair of antennee having the peduncle as long as the superior antennee (?). Coxze of the gnathopoda smaller than those of the two anterior pairs of pereio- poda. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda half as long again as the two preceding. Telson long, lanceolate. Length ,A,ths of an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon). Lysianassa spinifera (Stimpson, Mar. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 49), of which the following is the description, seems to be closely related GAMMARID. 121 to this genus, only differing from it, apparently, in the telson con- sisting of two long spines :— *‘ Body smooth and shining, slightly compressed, but rounded above, broadest anteriorly. Cephalon rounded, with a prominent down- curving rostrum. Pleon, constituting nearly one-half of the body, much compressed. Coxe not very large. Eyes red, and rather large. Superior antennz two-thirds as long as the inferior, thick at their bases, but tapering suddenly after their junction with the long accessory flagellum, which is nearly one-half the length of the principal one. Inferior antenne with very thick basal joints, and equalling in length two-thirds that of the body, their flagella constituting more than one-half their length. Pereiopoda hairy, all terminating in short hooked dactyla. Gmnathopoda slender, longer than the pereiopoda, with the carpus* in each a little ex- panded, but scarcely sufficient to form a hand. Posterior pair of pereiopoda much shorter than usual}, and provided along the edges with short spine-like hairs. First three segments of the pleon serrated aboye on their posterior edges; last three com- pressed above into sharp spine-like projections, of which the middle one is the longest. First pair of pleopoda very long and slender, projecting beyond the others. 'Telson consisting of two long spines. Colour wine-yellow ; inferior antennee annulated with reddish. « Length 0°32 inch. ** Hab. Dredged in 40 fathoms, on a soft muddy bottom, off Long Island, Grand Manan.”—~Stimpson. 32. PROSOPONISCUS.—(/%ssil.) Trilobites, Schlotheim, Petrefact. 1820, p. 41. Paleocrangon, Schauroth, Zeitschr. Deut. Geol. Gesell. 1854, vi. p. 560. Cephalon curved down anteriorly. Pereion having the segments short, subequal. Pleon having the segments long and deep ; the first deeper than the second. Coxe small. The other parts im- perfect. 1. Prosoponiscus problematicus. (Puiare XXII. fig. 3.) Prosoponiscus problematicus, Kirkby, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe, xiii. . 213. Spence Bate, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. p. 137. pl. 6. £. 1-7, 1858. Trilobites problematicus, Schlotheim, Petrefact. 1820, p. 41. Palwocrangon problematica, Schauroth, Zeitschr. Deut, Geol. Gesell. 1854, vi. p. 560. pl. 22. f. 2 a-e. Cephalon, pereion, and pleon slightly carinated. Posterior margin * “Antepenultimate article,” auc?. /. c. t This character approximates it to Phoxvs. 122 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, of the,second segment of the pleon waved. Eyes round, prominent. Specimen imperfect. Hab. Magnesian limestone, Durham (Kirkby) ; Zechstein-dolo- mite, Gliicksbrunn (Schlotheim). 33. ISA. Isvea, Edwards, Ann. des Se, Nat. xx. p.880; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 26. Eyes two. Superior antenne appendiculate. Gnathopoda sub- chelate. Pereiopoda subchelate. Coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda bilobed; the anterior lobe as deep as the preceding coxee. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson single. Dana has formed a subfamily Ismanm, based upon the prehensile character of the pereiopoda, to receive Isa and Anisopus. I have thought it desirable not to follow this arrangement, because the prehensile character is not dependent upon any fundamental alteration of the organs. In /swa the pereiopoda have the propodos on the flexible side developed into a palm; but the whole of the organs remain otherwise unaltered. Many species of Ampurpops have the pereiopoda more or less prehensile. Some have a powerful dactylos that impinges against the propodos, as Darwimia; others have the propodos armed with short strong spines that antagonize with the dactylos, as in Lysianassa Coste; but these, though pre- hensile, bear no resemblance to the chela proper of Crustacea. In the present genus (/sea) I think it is a peculiar habitat that has induced an extreme of normal development. 1. Isea Montagui. (Prare XXII. fig. 1.) BM. Iseea Montagui, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 880; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 26. pl. 29. f. 11. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, §e., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 179. Eyes reniform. Superior antenne half as long as the body; the flagellum as long as the peduncle. Inferior antenne nearly as long as the superior; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Coxee of the gnathopoda and the two anterior pereiopoda gradually increasing in depth; of the three posterior pereiopoda as gradually decreasing. Gnathopoda similar in form ; the second much larger than the first, having the propodos ovate ; palm oblique, waved, defined by two small hairs or spines. The two anterior pairs of pereiopoda having the propodos dilated posteriorly ; the distal extremity, against which the dactylos im- pinges, slightly oblique, serrated. Three posterior pairs similarly formed, but the propodos dilated anteriorly. Three posterior pairs — GAMMARID.&®. 123 wn of pleopoda having their rami subequal. Telson annulate. Colour reddish-yellow, shading into a brownish-red. Length ;4;ths of an inch, Hab. Isle of Chausay (Zdw.); trawlers off Plymouth (C. S. B.). All the specimens that I have taken were from the carapace and branchial chambers of Mata Squinado. 34. IPHIMEDIA. Iphimedia, Rathke, Beitr. zur Faun. Norwegens, Nov. Act. Leop. 1843 ; (not Iphimedia, Dana). Microcheles, Kréyer, Tidskr. Nat. ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 5. Cephalon produced and anteriorly depressed. Pereion distended. Pleon compressed. Eyes two. Antenne simple, subequal. Oral appendages projected anteriorly. Mandibles having an appendage. Maxillipeds not unguiculate. First pair of gnathopoda feeble, having the dactylos rudimentary, subapical; second also feeble, subchelate. Coxe gradually increasing in depth to the second pair of pereiopoda, which, together with the preceding, are produced inferiorly to an angle. Coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda not half as deep as the second. Pereiopoda haying the dactylos strong and curved. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous, clean. Telson single, squa- miform, emarginate. My description of this genus differs from Rathke’s; but in this 1 think I am justified, inasmuch as, while he says the second pair of enathopoda are simple, his figures represent them subchelate ; and the first, which he says are chelate, have the dactylos so rudimentary that it requires considerable magnifying power to detect it, and though perhaps chelate, yet, from its immature character, only useful as a diagnosis. Dana has evidently mistaken this genus for that of Atylus of Leach, to which undoubtedly all his species belong, except perhaps I. nodosa, in which the gnathopoda and maxilliped have not been examined, 1. Iphimedia obesa. (Prare XXII. fig. 2.) BM. Iphimedia obesa, Rathke, Beitr. zur Faun. Norwegens, Nov. Act. Leo- pold. p. 89. pl. 8. f. 1, 1848. Microcheles armata, Kréyer, Nat. Tidsky, ser. 2. vol. ii. p. 5. Cephalon produced into a sharp pointed rostrum. Last segment of the pereion and the first three segments of the pleon having the posterior margin of each produced into two latero-dorsal tecth ; third segment of the pleon having the posterior margin also fur- nished with two infero-posterior teeth. Eyes subreniforn, scarlet. Superior antennze one-fourth the length of the animal; peduncle 124 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. as long as the flagellum. Inferior antenne rather longer than the superior; peduncle as long as the flagellum. Gnathopoda slender, feeble. First pair having the propodos long, inferior distal extremity produced; dactylos rudimentary, subapical, the extremity reaching scarcely beyond the apex of the propodos. Second pair having the carpus as long as the propodos ; propodos produced and dilated inferiorly ; dactylos small, subapical. Coxe of the second pair of pereiopoda excavated to receive the anterior lobe of the third pair. Coxe of the three posterior pairs of pereio- poda not produced posteriorly to an angle. Basos of ultimate pair produced, and serrated posteriorly and inferiorly ; of the penultimate and antepenultimate pairs not produced. Meros in each pair of pereiopoda distally produced to a sharp angle—first two pairs anteriorly, last three pairs posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, styliform, biramous. Telson emarginate, angular. Colour yellow, spotted with a pigment that increases in quantity and depth of colour with age, until the animal becomes nearly black. Length ,5,ths of an inch. Hab. Tenby (Mr. Webster); Macduff (Mr. Gregor); Loch Fyne. Shetland (Mr. Barlee); Belfast Bay, 20 fathoms (Mr. Thompson) ; Plymouth (C. S. B.). 2. Iphimedia Eblane. (Prare XXII. fig. 3.) Iphimedia Eblanze, Spence Bate, Nat. Hist. Review, iv. p. 229. pl. 16. f.1, 1857; Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Dublin, p. 28. pl. 16. f. 1, 1856-57. Cephalon short, produced into a rostrum, depressed anteriorly and incurved. First segment of the pereion long ; second, third, fourth, and fifth very short; sixth longer; seventh very long. First three segments of the pleon dorsally armed with a strong vertical tooth directed posteriorly. Last segment of the pereion and first three of the pleon having the posterior margin produced into a latero-dorsal tooth on each side. Two anterior segments of the pleon having a lateral emargination, produced posteriorly into a tooth beneath, as well as a corresponding one upon the posterior margin of the third segment; the infero-posterior angle of the second and third segments produced into a tooth. Eyes reniform. Antenne subequal, about one-sixth the length of the animal. First pair of gnathopoda feeble, slender; carpus longer than propodos; dactylos obsolete. Second pair of gnatho- poda a little stouter than the first; carpus and propodos sub- equal; propodos produced and dilated distally and inferiorly, hairy; dactylos short, subapical. Pereiopoda strong, robust. ———— eee ae ee ee ee, ; ‘ 7 GAMMARIDE, 125 Coxe of the second pair excavated to receive the coxee of the third pair. Coxe of the third, fourth, and fifth pairs produced posteriorly to a point ; basa of the same pairs produced posteriorly into two points; mera of the same produced posteriorly and distally. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal. Telson emarginate, angular. Length ths of an inch. Hab. Dublin Bay. Several specimens were taken by my friend Prof. Kinahan from the branchial cavities of Rhizostoma Cuwviert ; the one that I had the opportunity of examining is preserved in the Dublin Museum. Western coast of England (Guérin-Méneville). 3. Iphimedia nodosa. (Puiare XXIII. fig. 1.) Iphimedia nodosa, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 928. pl. 63, f. 3. ‘Eyes round, Body rather stout ; integument subcalcareous ; front with a short slender beak. Pleon subcarinate. Four anterior seg- ments of pereion entire at posterior margin, fifth sinuous behind, sixth and seventh sparingly dentate. First three segments of pleon dentate on the back and sparingly acuto-nodose on the sides; the rest naked. Three anterior cox entire, obtuse; fourth bidentate behind; three following narrow and posteriorly acute. Basos of last three pairs of pereiopoda subquadrate, unidentate behind ; posterior angle acute. Inferior antenne the longer, shorter than half the body. Gnathopoda and pereiopoda naked ; gnathopoda quite small; propoda minute. First two pairs of pereiopoda larger than the gnathopoda; three posterior pairs a little longer, subequal; meros triangular, its posterior apex pro- longed and acute. *‘ Length 4 lines. “ Hab, Hermit Island, Tierra del Fuego. Collected by Lieutenant Case.”—Dana. The near resemblance of this species to J. Hblanw induces me to retain it in this genus for the present, until future examination shall determine the character of the maxilliped and the form of the gna- thopoda. 35. OTUS, n. g. Cephalon produced anteriorly. Pereion distended. Pleon compressed, Antenne simple, subequal. Mandibles having an appendage. Maxillipeds unguiculate. Ischium having a broad plate nearly as long as the four succeeding joints; basos furnished with a long narrow process. First pair of gnathopoda chelate; second sub- chelate. Pereiopoda short, robust, strong. Posterior pair of pleo- poda biramous. Telson single, squamous. 126 AMPHIPODA NORMALTA. This genus differs from Jphimedia in the form of the maxillipeds, in the distinctly chelate character of the first pair of gnathopoda, and in the larger relative proportions of the second. From the close approximation of this genus to the preceding, I have chosen for its name that of the son of Iphimedia. 1. Otus carinatus, n.s. (Prats XXIII. fig. 2.) B.M. Cephalon produced into a rostrum. Pereion dorsally carinated. Third segment of the pleon having an elevation near the dorsal centre, and the posterior margin produced into a sharp tooth near the lateral centre; infero-posterior angle not much produced. Superior antennx short; peduncle scarcely reaching beyond the extremity of the rostrum ; flagellum not longer than the peduncle, five-jointed, first joint as long as the other four. Inferior an- tennx shorter than the superior; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda chelate, having the carpus as long as the propodos; propodos cylindrical, distal extremity produced, pointed, and with a tooth exteriorly ; dac- tylos tipped with a long straight unguiculus, furnished at the base with fringed spines. Second pair of gnathopoda subchelate, stouter than the first, having the meros and carpus produced inferiorly ; propodos dilated, palm straight, slightly oblique, pectinate ; dac- tylos slightly curved. Pereiopoda short, stout, and strong; the propodos slightly arcuate in each; the meros dilated and distally produced ; the basos in each of the three posterior pairs is pro- duced into two teeth-like processes. Coxa of the second pair of pereiopoda excavated to receive that of the third pair, which is angularly produced posteriorly. Posterior pair of pleopoda shorter than the two preceding pairs; rami unequal, styliform, clean. Telson ovate. Length ‘,ths of an inch. Hab. Shetlands (Mr. Barlee). 36. ACANTHONOTUS. Acanthonotus, Owen, Append. to Second Voyage N.W. Passage, p. xe. hes Hist. of Brit. Crust. p. 177; Cat. Brit. Crust. B. M. p. 5, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 24. Vertumnus, White, Cat. of Crust. B. M. 1847. ‘ephalon produced anteriorly. Pereion having the segments short. Pleon having the segments long. Antenne simple. Oral ap- pendages projecting. Mandibles with an appendage. Coxe, except the last two, deep, narrow, pointed. Gnathopoda slender, feeble, subcheliform. Pereiopoda subequal; dactyla unguiculate. Poste- rior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson single, divided, et GAMMARID.E, 127 1. Acanthonotus Testudo. (Piare XXIII. fig. 3.) BM. Oniseus Testudo, Montagu, Linn. Trans. ix. p. 102. f. 5. t. 5. Leach, Edinb. Encye. vii. p. 405, gen. lxvi. Acanthonotus Testudo, White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 177; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1850; Cat. Brit. Crust. B. AL. p. 51, 1850. Gosse, Marine Zoology, p. 142. f. 260. Acanthonotus Cranchii, White, Cat. Crust. B. M. p. 51, 1847. Vertumnus Cranchii, White, Cat. Crust. B. M. p. 89, 1847. Acanthonotus Owenii, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc, Report, 1855; Syn- opsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb, 1857. Dorsally carinated. Cephalon produced into a long rostrum. Last segment of the pereion and first four of the pleon produced posteriorly into a large dorsal tooth. Three anterior segments of the pleon carrying a lateral ridge, having the posterior margin ornately denticulated ; fourth having a deep dorsal sinus. Eyes round, prominent. Superior antenne pyriform; peduncle longer than the flagellum. Inferior antefne shorter than the superior, and not so stout at the base. Gnathopoda uniform; coxa deep, produced to a point; carpus longer than the propodos, slightly di- _ lated at the inferior distal extremity, and ciliated ; propodos having the palm short, acute, rounded at the inferior angle, and ciliated. First pair of pereiopoda having the coxa deep, and produced to a point. Second pair rather deeper than the first and produced to 2 point, curved posteriorly ; upper part excavated to receive the coxa of the next pair of pereiopoda, which is produced to a point, obliquely directed posteriorly. Coxee of the two posterior pairs of pereiopoda small, angular ; basos of each of these posterior pairs gradually increasing in dilatation. Three posterior pairs of pleo- poda subequal; rami equal. Telson long and deeply cleft. Length } an inch. Hab. Scotland, Banff (Mr. Edward), Macduff (Mr. Gregor); Ireland, Bray, Scallop-bank, 15 to 30 fathoms (Prof. Kinahan); England, Falmouth (Dr. Leach and Mr. Webster), 8S. Devon (Montagu). It is worthy of remark that the larva of this species possesses a uniarticulate secondary appendage to the superior antennz. 2. Acanthonotus serratus. (Prare XXIII. fig. 4.) Oniscus serratus, O. Fabricius, Fauna Groénl. no. 237. Amphitoé Serra, Kréyer, Gronl. Am/fip. t. 2. f. 8. Acanthonotus Serra, Edi. Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 25. Acanthonotus cristatus, Owen, Appendix to Second Voyage NW. Pass. p. xe. pl. B. f. 8. Edw. Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 24. : Acanthonotus serratus, Stimpson, Marine Inv. Grand Manan, p. 92. Dorsally carinated.. Cephalon produced into a rostrum. Sixth and seventh segments of the pereion and the first four of the pleon 128 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. dorsally produced and elevated into a tooth. Third segment of the pleon having the posterior margin laterally produced into a tooth near the centre, and also at the infero-posterior angle. Superior antenne having the flagellum longer than the peduncle ; inferior antenne shorter than the superior. Gnathopoda uniform ; carpi longer than the propoda; propoda having the palm short ; dactyla longer than the palme ; cox deep, not produced to an angle. Second pair of pereiopoda having the coxa produced to a point, but not directed posteriorly ; posterior margin haying a tooth near the centre. Third pair of pereiopoda produced to an angle directed downwards. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos angularly developed posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal; rami equal. Telson deeply divided. Length 2 of an inch, Hab. Igoolik, Polar Sea (Sir John Clark Ross); Greenland (Fabricius, Kréyer); Nantucket Island, N. America, 35 fathoms, eravelly bottom (Stimpson). Mr. Stimpson describes this species as ‘‘ very beautiful in coloration, which consists of deep pink annulations, one to each segment of the body, ona yellowish-white ground. The anterior half of the ring is thus pink, and the posterior half white. The last pair of cox are conspicuously coloured. The anterior halves of the antenne are red.” For the correctness of the above description I am dependent upon the figure given in the Appendix of the Second Arctic Voyage of Sir J. C. Ross, which can be accepted with confidence, it having been drawn from nature by Prof. wen. On comparing it with the more crude figure of Amphitoé Serra in Kroyer’s ‘Grénlands Amfi- poder,’ I can discover no specific distinction ; but this opinion must necessarily be received with caution, since itis formed upon drawings only. ; Not having been able to meet with Otho Fabricius’s work above quoted, I am indebted to Mr. Stimpson for the assertion that Oniscus serratus of that author is synonymous with Amphitoé Serra of Kroyer. M. Milne-Edwards is of opinion that Amphitoé Serra, Ky., is pro- bably identical with Oniseus Cicada of O. Fabricius (7. ¢. p. 258). 3. Acanthonotus Sayi. Amphitoé serrata, Say, Proc. Acad. Philad. i. pt. 2. Edw. Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 42. As well as I can judge from the inadequate description of this species given by Prof. Say, it belongs to this genus. From the two preceding species it only appears to be distinguished by having “three equidistant spinose teeth’? upon the palm of each pair of enathopoda. The name serratus being preoccupied, I have taken upon myself the responsibility of changing it. It is named after Prof, Say, in order that the species may continue to be associated with its original deseriber. GAMMARID®. 129 Subfamily 5. GAMMARIDES. The animals forming this subfamily are generally laterally compressed. The eyes are two, compound, situated upon a protuberance between the superior and inferior pairs of antennie. The antenna are situated one above the other. The superior antenné are long, slender, and filamentous. The inferior antenne are subequal with the superior. The first pair of gnathopoda are more or less sub- chelate; the second also, and generally well developed. The posterior pair of pleopoda are never furnished with hooks. The telson is squamiform or tubular. 37. BRANDTIA, n. g. Cephalon not produced into a rostrum, but elevated into a crest. Antenne subequal; the superior without a secondary appendage. Gnathopoda subequal, subchelate. Four anterior coxee as deep as their respective segments of the pereion, not narrow or pointed. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda short, subequal, having the basa dilated at the upper posterior extremity, and narrowing with a concave sweep to the lower. Posterior pair of pleopoda bira- mous. Telson squamiform, divided. 1. Brandtia latissima. (Piare XXIII. fig. 5, male ; fig. 6, female.) Gammarus latissimus, Brandt, Voyage de Middendorff. Male.—Cephalon crested with four or five posteriorly curved trans- versely flat teeth, excavate at the apex, the posterior being confluent at the base with a dorsal carina. Pereion having the first two segments elevated along the dorsal central line into a posteriorly curved tooth; the five following elevated into narrow tuber- cles, each being situated at the posterior half of its respective segment, and having the lateral margins of all its segments curved outwards and upwards, so as to form a row of tubercles imme- diately above the coxee. Pleon having the first segment carrying a dorsal carina-like tubercle similar to the preceding ; second and third segments having the tubercles broken up into small teeth curved and directed anteriorly. Eyes round, black. Su- perior antennz haying the first joint of the peduncle armed upon the upper distal extremity with small posteriorly curved teeth ; the second and third joints are narrower and shorter than the first ; the flagellum is scarcely longer than the peduncle. Inferior antenne longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos longer than the carpus, long-ovate; palm tapering, scarcely as long as the inferior margin ; dactylos slender K 130 AMPIHIPODA NORMALIA. and slightly curved. Second pair slightly larger than the first. Pereiopoda short, subequal, fringed with a few short spines along the flexible margin of the propoda. Posterior pair of pleopoda longer than the preceding, styliform, naked. Telson deeply di- vided, each division terminating in an acute point. Female.-—Cephalon haying a crest in the form of a high longitudi- nally narrow tubercle, emarginate at the apex. Pereion and the first three segments of the pleon having dorsal tubercles, only just apparent on the anterior segments, and, though gradually in- creasing, but moderately elevated upon the posterior. The rest as in the male. Eyes round, Superior antennse longer than the inferior; the first joint of the peduncle not armed with tecth. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos with a palm rather longer than the inferior margin. Posterior pair of pleopoda but little longer than the preceding. Length of the male ,6,ths, of the female ,8,ths of an inch. Hab, (Arctic Asia?) Voyage de Middendorff. The figures and descriptions are taken from specimens sent by Professor Brandt to the Museum at Paris, where I had an oppor- tunity of examining and drawing them. M. Guérin-Meéneyille also has this species in his collection. 38. DEXAMINE. Dexamine, Leach, Edinb. Encyc. vii. p. 435. Antenne long, subequal, slender: superior not appendiculated ; pe- duncle consisting of only two joints, the third not being distinguish- able from the first of the flagellum. Mandibles without an append- age. Gnathopoda subequal, feeble, subchelate. Coxe of the third pair of pereiopoda about half as deep as the preceding; dactyla of all the pereiopoda generally directed posteriorly. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson simple, divided, squamiform. 1. Dexamine spinosa. (Prater XXIV. fig. 1.) B.M. Cancer (Gammarus) spinosus, Montagu, Linn. Trans. xi. p. 3. t. 2. f. 1. Dexamine spinosa, Leach, Edinb. Encyc. vii. p. 483; Zool. Mise. ii. p: 23; Linn. Trans. xi. p. 858. Thompson, Nat. Hist. of Ireland, iv. p. 395. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 268. pl. 45. f. 6. White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847; Cat. Brit. Crust. B. M. 1850; Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 178. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Synopsis, S§c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Amphitoé spinosa, Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 141. f. 266. Amphitoé Marionis, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 40; Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 375; im Cur. Réegne Anim. pl. 60. f. 6,” Cephalon produced anteriorly into a short, narrow, flat rostrum. GAMMARID.35, 131 Pereion smooth. Pleon haying each segment carinated, and, except the fifth, dorsally and posteriorly produced into a tooth. Eyes ovate, not very large. Superior antenne slender, having the two joints of the peduncle subequal, the first carrying a strong tooth upon the inferior distal extremity ; flagellum nearly as long again as the peduncle. Inferior antennw slender, shorter than the superior; peduncle scarcely longer than the peduncle of the superior, Maxillipeds having the squamiform plate of the ischium reaching nearly to the extremity of the dactylos. Gnatho- poda feeble, subequal, small. First pair having the palm finely pectinated with short obtuse teeth, and defined by a long, curved, double-pointed spine; dactylos curved, internally serrated. Se- cond pair of gnathopoda having the palm crenulated, and fringed with a series of fine, short, equidistant spines of equal length, and a second series of longer ones at greater intervals, defined by a long spine; dactylos serrated upon the inner margin. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, strong, having the dactylos directed posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal ; the antepenultimate rather the shortest. Telson very long, narrow, divided for about two-thirds of its length; external margins carrying each four fasciculi of hairs; apex of each section ser- rated, and armed with a solitary strong spine. Colour more or iess mottled with red. Length nearly half an inch. Hab. Torcross, Devon (Montagu) ; Plymouth (C. 8. B.); Penzance (Mr. Harris and Mr. Webster); Falmouth (Mr. Webster) ; Polperro (Mr. Loughrin) ; Macduff (Mr. Gregor); Shetland (Mr. Barlee) ; Bray, Dublin (Prof. Kinahan); Belfast (Mr. Hyndman and Mr. Thompson); Bangor, co. Down, and Strangford Loch (Mr. Thompson) ; Cumbrae, Glasgow (Mr. Robertson); Etretat, Normandy (Mr. J. G. Jeffreys) ; Brittany (Mf. Edwards); Piedmont (Mr. J. G. Jeffreys) ; Weymouth ( Gosse). 2. Dexamine Blossevilliana, n.s. (PLare XXIV. fig. 2.) Cephalon produced into a narrow flat rostrum. Pereion with the segments short. Pleon with the segments long, and each, except the sixth, dorsally carinated and posteriorly produced into a strong tooth; third segment armed with a strong tooth upon each side near the centre of the posterior margin; fourth and fifth segments having a dorsal] sinus. Eyes very large, quadrate. Antenne slender, subequal, about two-thirds the length of the animal: superior pair having the first joint of the peduncle armed with a tooth at the inferior distal extremity ; second joint longer K 2 132 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. and slighter than the first; flagellum very slender and half as long again as the peduncle: inferior pair having the peduncle rather shorter than the peduncle of the superior; ultimate joint longer than the penultimate. Gnathopoda small, feeble, sub- equal. First pair having the propodos subovate ; palm oblique, imperfectly defined. Second pair haying the propodos long-ovate ; palm very oblique, ciliated, scarcely defined ; dactylos long, haying a single denticle upon the interior margin near the apex. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basos oval and dactylos posteriorly directed. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal, the penultimate being the shortest. Telson very long, cleft nearly to the base; external margins carrying four fasciculi of hairs ; apex serrated and carrying a subapical spine. Length ,§,ths of an inch. I found this pretty species in one of the bottles kindly entrusted to me by Prof. Milne-Edwards; it was labelled ‘‘ Voyage de M. Blosseville, 1832.’ I have not been able to learn the locality from whence it was procured, and have associated the name with that of the discoverer. It is preserved in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. 3. Dexamine Loughrini, n.s. (PuiaTe XXIV. fig. 3.) B.M. Cephalon having a small rostrum. Three anterior segments of the pleon without dorsal teeth. Eyes black, ovoid. Superior pair of antenne having the first joint robust, and not furnished with an inferior distal tooth ; second joint as long again as the first; third joint lost in the flagellum. Inferior antenne scarcely as long as the superior. Gnathopoda short, membranaceous ; the propoda quadrate ; palmee scarcely oblique. In other respects the animal bears a resemblance to the type of the genus. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Rock-pools outside Polperro Harbour, where the water is very deep close up to the shore (C. S. B.). I have named this species in compliment to Mr. Loughrin of Pol- perro, who is a most indefatigable and intelligent local naturalist, and to whom I am indebted for many interesting specimens of Crustacea. 4. Dexamine tenuicornis. (Piare XXIV. fig. 4.) ' Amphitoé tenuicornis, Rathke, Beitriige zur Fauna Norwegens, Nov. Act. xx. p. 77. pl. 4. f. 8, 1845. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Forhandl. p. 22, 1851. “Cephalon without a rostrum. Eyes large, reniform. Antenne very long; the superior pair exceeding a little in length the ; | GAMMARID®. 133 inferior. Pleon having the anterior segments carinated and pos- teriorly produced into teeth. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami subequal, foliaceous, lanceolate. Telson absent (?). ** Length 4 lines. ** Hab. Drontheim.”’—Rathke. On a comparison of the parts figured by Rathke with those of Dexamine spinosa, the only observable difference is the absence of the tooth at the inferior distal extremity of the first joint of the peduncle of the superior antenne. In his description, Rathke says that there is no telson; and, singularly enough, Montagu published his figure of Cancer (Gammarus) spinosus without this appendage, as also Prof. Milne-Edwards his figure of Amphitoé Marionis. The telson is long, slender, articulated upon a process, and very liable to be dislocated. Certainly Rathke’s tenwicornis is very closely allied to, if not identical with, Montagu’s spinosus. 5. Dexamine tricuspis. (Prare XXIV. fig. 5.) Acanthonotus tricuspis, Kréyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 18. f. 1a. Cephalon produced into a small rostrum. Last segment of the pereion and the first two of the pleon each dorsally produced into a tooth ; third segment of the pleon having the posterior lateral margin ornate. Eyes small. Superior antenne as long again as the inferior. In other respects the figure of the animal from which I have taken this description appears not to differ materially from D. spinosa. Length Hab. Arctic Europe (Kroyer). 39. ATYLUS. Atylus, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, ii. pl. 69. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 67. Iphimedia, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 926. Notrotopis, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Scienze di Napoli, p. 170, 1853. Animal compressed. Antenne subequal; superior without a se- ~ eondary appendage. Mandibles with an appendage. Maxillipeds unguiculate, having a squamiform plate developed from the basos and ischium. Gnathopoda subchelate. Pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pleopoda biramous. Telson single, squamiform, divided. The above generic description is taken from Leach’s type, which is preserved in the British Museum. Atylus differs from Deawamine in having the third joint of the pe- dunele of the upper antenne distinguishable from the flagellum, and in having an appendage to the mandibles. The species of this genus are generally remarkable for some peculiarity connected with the flagella of the antenne. ? 134 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 1. Atylus carinatus. (Puiare XXV. fig. 1; figs. 2&3, young.) B.M. Gammarus carinatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. p. 515. 3. Atylus carinatus, Leach, Zoological Miscellany, ii. p. 21. pl. 69; Linn. Trans. xi. p. 357. Guérin, Icon. t. 26. f. 6. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 68. Amphitoé carinata, Kréyer, Gron, Am/fip. p. 28. pl. 2. f. 6a; Voy. en Scand. pl. 11. f. 1. Edwards, Hist, des Crust. iii. p. 41. Cephalon produced anteriorly into a rostrum, slightly depressed. Central dorsal line of the whole animal elevated into a carina. The last two segments of the pereion and the first four of the pleon having the posterior dorsal margin developed into large tooth-like processes. Third segment of the pleon having the inferior margin slightly serrated. Eyes round, small. Antenne not half as long as the animal, subequal; peduncle as long as the flagellum. Gnathopoda small, subequal; propoda not broader than carpi. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the dactylos reversed in each and the basos unequally developed; the squamiform character, which is almost wanting in the antepenultimate, and but slightly developed in the penultimate, is in the ultimate con- siderably produced. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal, the penultimate not being longer than the peduncle of the ante- penultimate ; rami of the antepenultimate reaching rather beyond the extremities of the ultimate, which are naked, subequal, and four times as long as their peduncle. Telson deeply cleft, each division lanceolate. Length 14 inch. Hab. Arctic Seas (MS. Royal College of Surgeons); Greenland (Kroyer). Dredged in 66°N. lat., 50° W. long. (Capt. Warham and Capt. Harrison). The foregoing description is taken from the specimen in the British Museum, being that from which Leach drew up his deserip- tion, and which he states to be the type also of Fabricius’s Gam- marus carinatus. The habitat of the British Museum specimen is not known; but those in the Hunterian Museum of the College of Surgeons that were entrusted to me are labelled as “ Arctic,’ which, together with Kréyer’s record of Greenland as being the habitat from whence he procured his examples, leaves no doubt upon my mind as to the abode of the species. The young, before they quit the pouch of the parent, attain the length of ,3,ths of an inch, and I procured from the same animal several in different stages of progress. The cephalon is at first without a rostrum, and the pereion and pleon without teeth ; these are gradually developed. The flagella are added to the antenne GAMMARIDZ. 135 joint by joint; and a umiarticulate secondary appendage is attached to the superior pair of antenne, which is lost in the adult. 2. Atylus Huxleyanus, n.s. (Prats XXV. fig. 4.) B.M. Male.—Cephalon not produced into a rostrum. Last segment of the pereion and first three of the pleon carinated, and each pro- duced posteriorly into a tooth. Eyes round. Superior antenns scarcely as long as the inferior; flagellum three times as long as the peduncle, having every third articulus inferiorly and distally dilated and crested with auditory cilia. Inferior antenne half as long as the animal; peduncle scarcely longer than the peduncle of the superior; flagellum having the articuli short, broader than long, carrying upon the superior distal extremity of each a fasci- culus of short hairs, which gives to the appendage a serrated ap- pearance. Mandibles having the third joint of the appendage arcuate, and ciliated upon the concaye margin with alternate simple and long plumose hairs; incisive margin multidentate ; secondary plate powerfully bidentate ; molar tubercle long, narrow. Gnathopoda subequal, having the propodos in each oval; palm continuous with the inferior margin, imperfectly defined by two spines fringed with short cilia; dactylos armed with a series of short, equidistant, solitary hairs. Pereiopoda subequal, three posterior pairs having the dactyla not reversed. The penultimate pair of pleopoda a little shorter than the antepenultimate ; ulti- mate longer than the two preceding, and edged with a few short stout spines and plumose cilia. Telson long, narrowing to the apex, and cleft, but not deeply, at the apex. Length $*ths of an inch. Hab. Hermit Island (Antarctic Expedition). Under the microscope the integument is seen to be granulated, and interspersed with larger spots, which seem to perforate the tissue and support short hairs in each. Larger markings, some- what resembling the representation of a flying bird, are less profusely scattered over the whole structure. The species is named in compliment to Prof. Huxley. 3. Atylus villosus, n.s. (Prare XXVI. fig. 1.) B.M. Male.—Cephalon produced into a short rostrum. Pereion having the posterior segments carinated. Pleon having the first three segments carinated and posteriorly elevated, but not prolonged into teeth ; inferior margins serrated; fourth segment having a deep dorsal sinus, and the posterior margin produced inte a tooth; fifth 136 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. posteriorly elevated, but not produced into a tooth. Eyes oval. Superior antenne one-third shorter than the inferior; peduncle half the length of the flagellum, fringed along the inferior mar- gin with thick transverse rows of hairs; flagellum having the articuli long (as long again as wide), with the inferior distal extremity of each dilated into a villose tubercle, supporting a fasciculus of simple hairs and two auditory cilia. Inferior an- tenn half the length of the animal; peduncle half the length of the superior antenne, fringed along the superior margin with thick transverse rows of hairs; flagellum having the articuli one- third shorter than those of the flagellum of the superior antenn, squamose ; superior margin villose, distally dilated, and carrying three stout hairs. Gnathopoda subequal; propoda long-ovate, not broader than carpi; palmze imperfectly defined, continuous with the inferior margins ; superior margin carrying six transverse rows of ciliated hairs. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basa unequal; antepenultimate not dilated; penultimate a little dilated; ultimate largely dilated. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda reaching as far as the ultimate, having the margins of both rami fringed with short obtuse spines; penultimate pair scarcely reaching beyond the peduncle of the preceding; ultimate pair having the rami four times as long as the peduncle, and fringed with cilia. Telson deeply divided, each half carrying a blunt sub- apical spine. Length 44ths of an inch. Hab. Hermit Island (Antarctic Eupedition). This species is remarkable for the villose tubercles upon both the superior and inferior antenne; they appear to be arranged as if those upon one pair antagonized with those upon the other, and as if the animal used these organs for the purpose of grasping certain objects. 4. Atylus Swammerdamii. (Prare XXVI. fig. 2.) BM. Amphitoé Swammerdamii, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. ; Hist. des Crust. iil. p. 35. Dexamine Gordoniana, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 178. Cephalon produced into a minute rostrum. Pleon having the fourth segment with a deep dorsal sinus, the anterior wall of which is produced into a small tooth, and the posterior elevated into a large posteriorly directed tooth. Eyes broad-ovate. Antenne subequal, about one-half the length of the animal: peduncle of the superior about half the length of that of the inferior; pe- a? ee GAMMARID., 1S7 dunele of the inferior half the length of the antenne: flagellum scarcely longer than broad; that of the superior pair carrying one hair and one short auditory cilium to each articulus. First pair of gnathopoda smaller than the second. Second pair of gnathopoda lke the first; carpus enlarging towards the pro- podos; propodos gradually narrowing towards the extremity ; palm imperfectly detined, ciliated. Pereiopoda short; three pos- terior pairs having the dactyla reversed. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal ; penultimate the shortest; ultimate naked, having the rami twice as long asthe peduncle. Telson short, not much longer than broad, deeply cleft, each division carrying a subapical spine. Length + of an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon) ; Tenby (Mr. Webster) ; Coast of Morbihan (MW. Edwards). 5. Atylus gibbosus, n.s. (Piare XXVI. fig. 3.) B.M. Fourth segment of the pleon elevated into an obtuse tooth, which looks like a hump upon the posterior part of the back of the animal, Eyes round. Antenne slender, subequal, more than half the length of the animal. Tirst pair of gnathopoda slender, having the carpus a little longer than the propodos ; propodos having the palm slightly convex, oblique, at a similar angle with the inferior margin, defined by two small hairs. Second pair of gnathopoda a little longer than the first; carpus shorter than the propodos; propodos with the palm oblique, straight, defined. Pereiopoda subequal ; in all, the mera are long and the carpi short, and both dilated and produced into an angle posteriorly and distally, and edged with spines as long as the joints are broad ; the dactyla are all directed posteriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal, the ultimate being as long again as the two preceding. Telson as long as the posterior pair of pleopoda, pointed, with two short spines on each external edge, cleft from the apex to the-base. Length .A;ths of an inch. Hab. Shetland (Mr. Barlee). 6. Atylus austrinus, n.s. (Piare XXVI. fig. 4.) B.M. Dorsal surface not denticulated. Eyes oval. Superior antenne half as long as the animal; peduncle one-third the length of the flagellum; articuli of the flagellum broader than long, each carrying distally, above and below, short sete. Inferior antenna a little 138 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. more than half as long as the superior; peduncle as long as the peduncle of the superior. Gnathopoda slender ; propoda scarcely broader than carpi. First pair having the propodos ovate ; palm not oblique, convex, fringed with short fine cilia; there are two rows of short sharp spines, one near the inferior angle, the second a little posterior. Second pair having the propodos long-ovate ; palm oblique ; inferior angle defined imperfectly by a lateral row of short spines. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the dactylos in each directed anteriorly. Posterior pair of pleopoda naked, and considerably longer than the two preceding pairs. Telson long, cleft for about two-thirds of its length. Length }2ths of an inch. Hab. Sydney (Antarctic Expedition). 7. Atylus inermis. (Prare XXVI. fig. 5.) B.M. Amphitoé inermis, Kroyer, Amfip. Grén. iii. p. 47. pl. 3. f. 11. Edw. Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 34. Dorsal surface not toothed. Rostrum between the superior antenne rudimentary. Eyes ovate. Superior antenne one-third shorter than the inferior ; peduncle half as long as the flagellum ; articuli of the flagellum rather longer than broad, each carrying, at the upper and under distal extremities, a curved seta, and every alternate one also carrying a pair of auditory cilia. Inferior antenne about half as long as the animal; peduncle rather longer than the peduncle of the superior; articuli of the flagellum broader than long, each carrying curved sete on its upper and under sides. Gnathopoda subequal, slender, each having the carpus as long as the propodos ; the propodos long and narrow; palm oblique, laterally fringed with cilia, and defined by two short sharp spines. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having their dactyla directed an- teriorly. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda gradually increasing in length, ciliated. Telson deeply cleft. Length #,ths of an inch. Hab. Sukkertopper, Greenland (Holbdll and Kréyer); North Atlantic (Mr. Barrett) ; Banff (Mr. Edward), The figure and description are taken from an unnamed specimen presented to the British Museum by M. Holbéll. In a comparison with Kréyer’s figure and Edwards’s description, the only observable difference consists in the extreme points of the telson in our specimen being sharp, whereas they represent them as obtuse ; but this is a difference unimportant in itself, and one that might be produced by friction, as is often actually the case. Under the microscope, the surface of the integument is covered with small crescent-shaped scales. GAMMARID2AS. 139 8. Atylus crenulatus. (Prarr XXVI. fig. 6.) Amphitoé crenulata, Kroyer, Grén. Amfip. p. 50, pl. 8. £. 12. Edw. Hist. des Crust. 11. p. 33. Liljeborg in Ofvers. af Kongl. Vetensk, Akad. Forhandl, p. 22, 1851. Dorsal surface not dentated. Rudimentary rostrum depressed between the superior antenne. Eyes reniform. Antenne subequal, half the length of the animal; peduncles not half the length of their respective antenne. Superior antenne furnished upon the inferior surface of the peduncle with fasciculi of short stiff hairs. Inferior antenne furnished upon the superior surface of the peduncle with fasciculi similar to, and corresponding with those upon the superior antenna. Gnathopoda slender. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami lanceolate, ciliated, and longer than the peduncle. ‘Telson deeply cleft, each division long and pointed. Length (not given). Hab, Greenland (Kréyer). Edwards describes the telson as consisting of “two lanceolate lamelle;’’ but in all other respects the figure given by Kréyer belongs to this genus; hence I am inclined to think the telson to be deeply cleft, and not double. 9. Atylus corallinus. Atylus corallinus, Risso, Eur. Mérid. p. 44. “‘ Having the thorax smooth, coralline [corallino]. Last five segments of the pleon carinated. Eyes grey. All the appendages mono- dactyle*, third pair longest. “ Length 0:012 by 0-003. Female larger than the male. “ Hab. Upon Fucus spiralis. South of France.”—Risso. The author says that this species differs in many characters from A. carinatus; but, as far as so meagre a description can assist one, I am inclined to believe it to be Dewamine spinosa. 10. Atylus spinulicauda. Notrotopis spinulicauda, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Set. di Napoli, p. 173, 1858. “Cephalon armed with a short rostrum. Seventh segment of the pereion and each of the first five of the pleon dorsally and posteriorly produced into a spine; sixth segment carinated, and crowned with * The term ‘monodactyle’ is mostly used by older authors when the gnathopoda are small and slender; Leach in his description of this genus states them to be monodactyle, but observation shows them to be subchelate. ‘The terms * mono- dactyle’ and ‘ prehensile’ possess too broad a signification to be useful in de- scription. 140 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. a spinule. Antenne subequal, having the peduncle of the inferior considerably longer than that of the superior. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal, the fourth and sixth being much longer than the fifth. ‘‘ Length 5 lines, “ Hab. South of Europe.” —Risso. 11. Atylus bispinosus. (Prate XXVII. fig. 1.) B.M. Henne bispinosa, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. ol. “White, Mist. Brit. Crust. p. 178. Cephalon produced into a small flat rostrum. The first two seg- ments of the pleon dorsally produced posteriorly into strong teeth ; the third having the posterior lateral margins ornately waved and serrated. Eyes broad-ovate, white, with a central black spot. Antenne long, slender: superior pair half the length of the animal, having the peduncle scarcely longer than the cephalon ; inferior pair two-thirds as long as the animal, having the peduncle reaching a little beyond the peduncle of the superior. Gnathopoda subequal, uniform, having the propoda scarcely broader than the carpi; palmee oblique, fringed with unequal spines ; dactyla armed with a single tooth parallel with, and near the apex, and two small hairs. Posterior pair of pleopoda reaching considerably beyond the two preceding pairs. Length + of an inch. Hab. Plymouth, dredged on a sandy bottom in Whitsand Bay near the Rame Head (7. P. Smyth and C.S. B.); Penzance (Mr. Harris) ; Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Macduff (Mr. Gregor); Falmouth and Tenby (Mr. Webster); Northumberland (Mr. Alder’). Under the microscope the integument is seen to be profusely covered with minute scales, each forming a small segment of a circle, The colour of the animal, when alive, was a greenish-grey, mottled with black and yellow pigment-cells, particularly along the line of the alimentary canal and upon the dorsal surface of the pleon. 12. Atylus simplex. (Puiatre XXVII. fig. 2.) Iphimedia simplex, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 926. pl. 68. f. 2. ‘«‘ Body compressed, naked. Eyes round. Antenne nearly naked: inferior pair half as long as the body; base short, less than half the length of the flagellum; articuli of flagellum transverse : supe- rior pair a little shorter than inferior; base scarcely shorter than base of inferior ; a few articuli at remote intervals produced below. Propodos of first pair of gnathopoda moderately small, narrow- LL - e . . GAMMARID.E. 141 ovate, apex subacute; propodos of second pair (female?) much smaller, but similar in form. Pereiopoda all short; first and second pairs longer than the second pair of gnathopoda, sub- equal; last two pairs subequal; basos very broad, its posterior margin imperfectly serrulate. ‘Length 4 to 5 lines. ** Hab. Collected at Hermit Island by Lieut. Case.”—Dana. 13. Atylus fissicaunda. (Piare XXVII. fig. 3.) Iphimedia fissicauda, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 929. pl. 63. f. 4. Amphitoé fissicauda, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sev. Bost, iii. p. 214. Body compressed. Coxze large. Eyes reniform. Telson divided nearly to the base, and each part emarginate at apex. Antenne subequal ; thessuperior rather the longer, half as long as the body ; base much shorter than the flagellum, and a little shorter than the base of the inferior pair; setz of under side of antenne rather long; peduncle of inferior pair much shorter than the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda small ; propodos oblique at apex (palm), and not broader. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda moderately small, ciated below; apex (palm) slightly oblique ; dactylos short. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, rather short; sete short. Posterior pair of pleopoda long. “ Length (not given). ‘“« Hab. Near Vina del Mar, nine miles north of Valparaiso, from pools of water among rocks of the sea-shore at low-tide, where it occurs concealed among the stones of the bottom.’’—Dana. 14. Atylus Capensis. (Priare XXVII. fig. 4.) [phimedia Capensis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 931. pl. 68, f. 5. ‘Female ?—Kyes subreniform. Antennse subequal, nearly naked. Superior pair rather the longer, about half as long as the body ; peduncle very short, about one-third as long as the flagellum ; joints of the flagellum somewhat oblong, the alternate ones a little broader at the apex, and bearing two or three sete longer than the joint and closely appressed to it, the other sete very short. Peduncle of inferior pair quite short. Two pairs of gnathopoda - small; propoda oblong, margins nearly parallel, under margins hirsute, apices oblique, truncate, forming the palme ; dactyla not longer than the palme, palme nearly naked; carpi oblong, half as long as the propoda, obtuse below and hirsute. Four posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, slender, sete all very short; pro- poda slender ; setee of lower margin in seven sets, and about half 142 AMPIITPODA NORMATLIA. as long as breadth of joint, those of the upper margin shorter. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda with numerous spinules; the branches of the antepenultimate pair styliform, those of the last pair rather long and narrow, foliaceous, acuminate ; margins edged with many spinules. «‘ Length 4 lines. «“ Hab. Cape of Good Hope.”—Dana. 15. Atylus vulgaris. Iphimedia vulgaris, Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p. 53. “Smooth, subcompressed. Pleon with segments slightly projecting at the articulations, but not dentated. Head large, with very large reniform eyes, which are colourless in preserved specimens. Antenne subequal, with very long, slender, filiform flagella; and in length about equalling that of the body; the superior ones thick-based, and a little the larger. Mandibles with sharp curved apices, and large appendages consisting of three joints, the basal one of which is very short, the second broad, and the terminal one very slender. Maxillipeds slender, pointed, with large internal lamellee. Gnathopoda small, those of the first pair the larger. Pereiopoda very slender, terminating in curved dactyla. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda well developed; the two penultimate pairs almost acicular, with small spines above ; posterior pair with broad lancet-shaped rami. Telson terminating in two lamelli- form spines. Colour variable, generally dark-mottled purplish. “ Length of a large specimen about 0-+ inch. “ Hab. In little pools left by the tide among the rocks near low- water mark. They are very active, swimming about in all direc- tions, and seldom resting long in one place.”—Stimpson. Stimpson says that this species differs but slightly from A. ¢nermis, Kroyer. He also describes the “tail” as ‘terminating in two lamelliform spines ;”’ but it is not sufficiently clear from this whether the telson is only divided or double. 16. Atylus compressus. Amphitoé compressa, Liljeborg, Ofvers. of Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. For- handl. p. 8, 1852. ‘‘ Body considerably compressed ; dorsal line throughout its whole length carinated. Coxe large. Cephalon with a compressed, acute, deflexed rostrum. Fourth, fifth and sixth segments of the pleon each furnished with a single tooth on the median dorsal line, that on the fifth being the greatest, and that on the sixth the smallest. Eyes large, reniform, black, Inferior pair of antenne GAMMARID&, 145 longer than the superior ; peduncle of the superior antenne with the first and second joints subequal, and with the last smallest ; peduncle of the inferior antennz with the last joint longer than the penultimate. Gnathopoda subchelate and subequal; propoda oval, of medium size. Last pair of pleopoda? Telson divided, each lamina lanceolate. “Length about 6 mm. * Hab. Kullaberg. Only two specimens have been taken, from a depth of from 12 to 15 fathoms, in one of which larvee were present in the ovigerous pouch. “It much resembles Amphitoé ( Devamine) tenuicornis of Rathke.” —Liljeborg. 40. PHERUSA. Pherusa, Leach, Edinb. Encye. vii. p. 452; Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 360. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 269, pl. 44. Koch, Deutschlands Crustaceen, §c. Heft xxiv. p. 34. Amphitoé, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 382 5 Ann. des Set. Nat. xx. ». 376. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 910 (includes Pherusa). Titanethes*, Schiddte, Danske Vid. Selsk. Skr. anden Rekke, ii. This genus differs from Atylus in the form of the telson only (it is cleft in Atylus, entire in Pherusa), and from Calliope in the form and size of the gnathopoda. 1. Pherusa pulchella. (Prare XXVIL. fig. 5.) Amphitoé pulchella, Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 10. f. 2. Dorsal surface of each of the last three segments of the pereion pro- duced into a tooth, as also the first three segments of the pleon ; the third segment of the pleon having a small protuberance anterior to the large dorsal tooth and at the upper portion of the posterior margin. Superior antennze longer than the inferior. Gnatho- poda uniform. Coxee tapering anteriorly, and serrated upon the inferior half of the posterior margins. Pereiopoda subequal, slender. ‘Telson ovate. Length ? Hab. Greenland (Kroyer). This species is described from Kroéyer’s figure in the work cited. It bears a general resemblance to Atylus Huvleyanus. 2. Pherusa cirrus, n.s. (Pirate XXVII. fig. 6.) BM. Cephalon produced into a flat rostrum, First two segments of the pleon dorsally produced into teeth; the third segment having the * IT have obtained this synonym from page 1594 of Dana’s great work, not having seen Schiddte’s paper. 144 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. posterior lateral margin entire. Eyes subreniform, black. Superior antenne nearly half as long as the animal: peduncle nearly half as long as the flagellum; first joint of the peduncle as long as the cephalon, broad and robust; second not half as long as the first ; the third still shorter. Inferior pair not longer than the superior ; peduncle half the length of the superior antennze: small tufts of hairs are placed at tolerably regular distances upon the under side of the peduncle of the superior, and the upper side of the peduncle of the inferior antenne. Telson long, entire. In other respects the animal does not differ materially from that of Aty/us -bispinosus, except in the appearance of the integument under the microscope, which in this species offers nothing remarkable. Length about ;$,ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward); Tenby and Falmouth (Mr. Webster). 3. Pherusa bicuspis. (Prare XXVII. fig. 7.) Amphitoé bicuspis, Kroyer, Groin. Amfip. p. 45. pl. 1. f. 1. Edw. Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 38. This species appears to differ from P. cirrus in the greater length and more slender form of the antenne, particularly of the superior pair, and in having no antagonizing tufts of hairs upon the two pairs ; in the greater length of the dactyla upon the gnathopoda, and in the posterior pair of pleopoda being shorter. Hab. Greenland (Kréyer). Some specimens taken at Sligo, Bangor (co. Down), and Belfast Bay, in 6 to 10 fathoms, by Mr. Thompson, belong probably to this species ; they are in his collection of Irish Amphipoda, for an examination of which I am indebted to Mr. Westwood, to whom they were entrusted by their late owner. 4. Pherusa costata. (Prats XXVII. fig. 8.) Amphitoé costata, Edw. Ann. des Sc. Nat. xxv. p. 374. pl. 10. f. 14; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 39. ‘«« Pereion smooth above, but furnished on each side with a prominent ridge, formed by a series of elongated eminences, which occupy the inferior part of each segment, and are prolonged posteriorly in the form of spines. The peduncle of the superior antennz is formed of three joints, the length of each of which gradually de- creases; the flagellum consists of about thirty articuli. The peduncle of the inferior antennz reaches a little beyond that of the superior ; the flagellum is very long, and consists of about fifty articuli. Eyes circular. Appendages to the mandibles very large, consisting of four joints*. First pair of gnathopoda a trifle larger * Fig. 16, /.c., shows but three. This is the normal number. GAMMARID.#. 145 than the second pair; propodos ovate, and slightly fringed with spines along the inferior margin and palm. Pereiopoda rather short. The first three * segments of the pleon are elevated into a crest upon the median line, and prolonged posteriorly in the form of sharp teeth. The posterior pair of pleopoda terminate in two long rami that extend considerably beyond the preceding. Telson elongate, lanceolate, and slightly trifid at the end. “Length }ths of an inch. “ Hab. Isle of Bourbon,.’”’—M. Edwards. 5. Pherusa podura. Gammarus podurus, Miiller, Zool. Dan. iv. p. 59. pl. 16. f. 1-6. Cancer (Gammarellus) podurus, Herbst, Naturg. der Krabben, ii. p- 119. pl. 25. £.6 (after Miller). Amphitoé podura, Edw. Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 376; Hist. des Crust. iil, p. 38, “Superior antenne nearly as long as the inferior. Gnathopoda small ; propoda small, ovate. Posterior margins of the fourth and fifth segments of the pleon furnished with a row of spines. ‘* Hab. The coasts of Seandinavia.’’—M. Edwards. 6. Pherusa fucicola. (Piare XXVII. fig. 9.) B.M. Pherusa fucicola, Leach, Edinb. Encyc. vii. Art. Crustaceology, Ap- pendix, p. 432; Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 360. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 269. pl. 45. f. 10. Amphitoé fucicola, Kdwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 877; Hist. des Crust. ili. p. 32. Thompson, Nat. Hist. of Ireland, iv. p. 396. Amphitoé Jurinii, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 376; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 30. pl. 1. f. 2. Bell, App. Belcher’s Last of the Arctic Voyages, p. 406. Amphitoé microura, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Setenze dv Napoli, 1853, p. 175. Dexamine fucicola, Spence Bute, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 179. Cephalon produced into a very minute rostrum that is generally hid between the antenne. Eyes small. Superior antenne scarcely half as long as the animal; peduncle about one-fourth the length of the antenne. Inferior antennz scarcely as long as the superior ; peduncle reaching rather beyond the peduncle of the superior. Gnathopoda subequal, resembling each other in form; second pair rather the larger, having the propodos gradually increasing towards the palm, which is slightly oblique and a little convex, the inferior angle being somewhat rounded. Pereiopoda subequal, * Fig. 14, /. c., represents the first two segments only of the pleon as denticu- lated. L 146 AMPHTIPODA NORMATLIA. tolerably long, and well developed. Posterior pair of pleopoda extending some distance beyond the ante- and penultimate pairs. Telson squamiform, rounded at the apex. Colour of the animal when alive light amber, marked with small rose-coloured bands. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab, Falmouth and Tenby (Mr. Webster); Youghal, Ireland (Dr. Ball: Ann. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1847); Polperro (Mr. Loughrin); Banff (Mr. Edward) ; Coast of Naples (Costa) ; Isle of Chausay (Edwards). The specimens that I have procured agree in every particular with Leach’s very meagre description in the ‘ Edinb. Encye.,’ both as to colour and the form of the gnathopoda, and resemble M.-Edwards’s figure and description of Amphithoé Jurinii. But M.-Kdwards states that P. fucicola differs in “the great inequality which exists in the first and second pairs of gnathopoda,” which is evidently an error, since Leach classifies it with those that have “ four anterior feet with a filiform hand.” 7. Pherusa Barretti, n.s. (Prater XXVII. fig. 10.) BM. Cephalon produced into a small depressed rostrum. Third segment of the pleon having the posterior margin laterally produced near the middle into a long upcurved tooth. Eyes large, subreniform. Superior antenne one-third as long as the animal; peduncle stout at the base, having the first joint distally produced inferiorly ; second and third joints not so long as the first. Inferior antennse somewhat longer than the superior ; peduncle having the fourth joint reaching as far as the extremity of the peduncle of the su- perior. Gnathopoda minute, uniform. Posterior pair of pleopoda not exceeding the penultimate in length. In other respects the animal resembles P. fucicola; and it may, without close examina- tion, be mistaken for Atylus enermis. Length about 3 an inch. Hab. North Atlantic (Mr. Barrett). It is named in compliment to the industrious naturalist who discovered it. 41. PARAMPHITHOE. Paramphithoé, Bruzelius, Kong. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1858. Acanthosoma, Owen, Appendix to Ross’s Second Voyage in Search of a _N.W. Passage, p. xci. Cephalon vaulted. Eyes prominent. Upper antenne not so long as the lower; third joint of the peduncle scarcely distinct from the flagellum. Mandibles having an appendage. Gnathopoda sub- chelate, small, feeble, submembranaceous ; second pair not larger than the first. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous. Telson single. This genus appears to be closely allied to Dewamine and Atylus : - GAMMARID.©. 147 from the former it is distinguished by the mandibles being furnished with an appendage, and the telson being entire ; from the latter in the form of the superior antenne., as also in that of the telson. The separa- tion from Atylus may be somewhat arbitrary, but very convenient, in consequence of the singular form of the only species known. The name Acanthosoma having been previously used for a genus of Coleoptera, I have adopted that proposed by Bruzelius. I know of this author’s work only through a short notice in the ‘American Journal of Science ’ for Noy. 1859. It appears to me that he has fallen into the same error that Costa has in Amphithonotus, and united several distinct genera. Pleustes panoplus, Paramphithoé hystrix, and Pherusa bicuspis have characters essentially distinct, and it is only by giving undue importance to the development of the dorsal teeth that they have been united. 1. Paramphithoé hystrix, (Prare XXVIII. fig. 1.) B.M. Paramphithoé hystrix, Bruzelius, Kong. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1858. Acanthosoma hystrix, Owen, Appendix to Ross's Second Voyage in Search of a N.W. Passage, p. xci. pl. B. f. 4. Bell, App. to Belcher’s Last of the Arctic Voyages, p. 146. Amphithoé histrix, Kréyer, Groin. Amfip. t. xi. f. 7. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 40. . Cephalon furnished with avery minute rostrum. First segment of the pereion having a large central dorsal tooth projecting up- wards and forwards on the anterior margin, a small marginal one on each side, and an inferior lateral one near the coxal margin ; on the posterior margin a large central dorsal spine directed up- wards and backwards, and upon each side a small lateral one directed backwards; the six remaining segments of the pereion are each furnished with a very large central dorsal and a large lateral tooth on each side of the posterior margin, and a lateral central one slightly above the coxal margin. ‘The first two seg- ments of the pleon have upon the posterior margin one central, and upon each side two large lateral teeth, besides the inferior distal angle, which is similarly developed, and a small tooth intermediate between it and the inferior lateral; the third segment carries a large central, and on each side a long lateral tooth, besides the infe- rior distal extremity ; the fourth segment carries a minute central and a sublateral spine; the fifth a sublateral spine only. Eyes round, projecting. Superior pair of antennee having the first joint of the peduncle longer than the second, and distally armed superiorly with a long spine ; second longer than the third ; third not so long as the first of the flagellum ; flagellum nearly twice as long as the peduncle. Inferior pair of antenne half as long again as the superior; third joint of the peduncle armed with a spine upon the inferior and distal extremity, fourth and fifth joints subequal ; flagellum scarcely longer than the peduncle. Gnathopoda similar in L2 148 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. form, each pair having the coxa produced anteriorly and inferiorly to a point ; carpus nearly as long as the propodos ; propodos gradually inereasing in breadth to the palm ; palm scarcely oblique, fringed with short spines, and near the inferior angle with longer ones. Pereiopoda subequal: first pair of pereiopoda having the coxa produced inferiorly into one tooth, the second pair into two; the third have the anterior division developed into a tooth, and the pos- terior rounded, having the tooth near the centre; the coxse of the two posterior pairs are similarly formed, and each of the last three has the basos posteriorly emarginate and furnished with a tooth near the upper and lower posterior extremities. Fourth and sixth pairs of pleopoda extending to nearly the same length, the interme- diate one being much shorter. Telson subacute, lanceolate. The eyes are stated by Sir James Ross to be white. The integument is covered all over with minute semicircular scales. Length about 1 inch. Hab. Greenland, where it lives on Asterias rugens (Holbéll, MS. B.M.); Felix Harbour and Igoolik (Sir James Ross, Collection in Mus. Roy. Coll. Surg.). Mr. A. White has received it from Wolstenholme Sound from Mr. Ede. 42. CALLIOPE. Calliope, Leach, MS. Brit. Mus. Spence Bate, Report Brit. Assoc. 1855 ; Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 179. Superior antenne without a secondary appendage. Mandibles fur- nished with an appendage. Gnathopoda having the propoda in the second or both pairs largely developed, and the carpi inferiorly produced. Telson not divided. Although, in appearance, the type of this genus is very distinct from that of Atylus and Acanthosoma, I think the species will be found gradually to run one into the other. In Atylus Huxleyanus the telson is scarcely more than emarginate ; and the only reliable distinction exists in the gnathopoda of Calliope being stronger and more powerful organs than in the other two genera. The arrange- ment may be convenient, but the grouping is scarcely natural. 1. Calliope leviuscula. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 2.) BM. Amphithoé leviuscula, Kroyer, Gron. Amfip. p. 53. t. 3. f. 18. Edw. Hist. des Crust. t. iti. p. 80. Bell, Append. to Belcher’s Last of the Arctic Voyages, p. 405. Calliope Leachii, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855; Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 179. Cephalon furnished with a very minute rostrum, curved down between the superior antennee. Three anterior segments of the pleon dor- GAMMARID.®, 149 sally elevated posteriorly ; the fourth broadly but not deeply sinu- ated. Eyes large, black, irregularly rounded. Antenne subequal. Superior pair having the joints of the peduncle subequal, the third furnished inferiorly with a tooth ; first articulus of the flagellum as long as the three succeeding ; all the articuli of the flagellum infe- riorly and distally produced, each being furnished with one long and several short hairs and a single auditory cilium. Inferior pair of antenne having the peduncle as long as the peduncle of the superior ; flagellum having the articuli equal, not longer than broad, tufted laterally and inferiorly with short hairs. Gnatho- poda subequal, having the propodos in each ovate; palm oblique, not well defined, fringed with a few tufts of hairs; dactylos im- pinging along the whole palm ; carpus inferiorly produced. Pereio- poda subequal; dactyla slightly curved and very strong. Telson lanceolate, subacute. The integument is covered with semicir- cular scales. Length 4 an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Banff (Mr. Edward); Devon- shire? (Dr. Leach); Tenby (dredged) (Mr. Webster). 2. Calliope Ossiani,n.s. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 3.) - B.M. Female.—Cephalon with a very minute rostrum. Three anterior segments of the pleon dorsally elevated posteriorly and slightly carinated. Antenne subequal; peduncle of the superior reaching rather beyond that of the inferior. First pair of gnathopoda smaller than the second; carpus longer than the propodos, ante- riorly and posteriorly produced into a rounded form; propodos broader near the middle ; palm oblique, not defined ; dactylos half the length of the propodos. Second pair of gnathopoda much larger than the first; carpus much shorter than the propodos, and anteriorly and inferiorly produced to an angle ; propodos arcuate above ; palm imperfectly serrated, not oblique, defined by several short blunt spines, each furnished with a subapical cilium, inferior angle rounded; dactylos arched, fringed on the inner side with a row of solitary short vertical cilia. Pereiopoda subequal. Penul- timate pair of pleopoda reaching as far as the ultimate. Telson obtusely lanceolate. Length 4 an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward). 3. Calliope grandoculis, n.s. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 4.) BM. Eyes very large, slightly reniform, occupying more than a third of the cephalon. Superior antenne having the peduncle scarcely 150 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. longer than the cephalon, the third joint being distally produced inferiorly ; flagellum scarcely longer than the peduncle, each arti- culus having the distal extremity produced. Inferior antenns much more slender than the superior; the peduncle scarcely reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the superior pair; flagellum reaching as far as the superior antennee. Gnathopoda uniform, having the carpi continuous with the propoda, forming together a long oval; palms imperfectly defined, oblique, slightly convex, and continuous with the inferior margin, armed with a few hairs. Pereiopoda subequal ; posterior pair of pleopoda lanceolate, clean. Telson membranous, obtusely ovate. Length 3,ths of an inch. 20 Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon). 4, Calliope Norvegica. Amphithoé Norvegica, Rathke, Beitr. zur Faun. Norwegens, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.- Carol. Nat. Cur, 1848. “Cephalon without a rostrum. Eyes small, round. Back smooth. — Inferior antennee nearly as long again as the superior. Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda much larger than that of the first pair. Last joint (? propodos) of the posterior pair of pereiopoda dilated*. Last pair of pleopoda longer than the penultimate, furnished with two nearly equal lanceolate rami. Telson single, pointed, fohaceous. “ Length 4 lines. “ Hab. Christiansund.’’—Rathke. 43. AMPHITHONOTUS. peers Costa, in Cat. Crost. Ital. per Fr. Gugl. Hope, Napolt, 861. Body not laterally compressed. Cephalon produced into a rostrum. Antenne slender, without secondary appendage. Mandibles haying an appendage. Squamiform plates to the maxillipeds not largely developed. Gnathopoda similarly formed, subequal, having the carpi inferiorly produced. Pereiopoda subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda double-branched. ‘Telson single, cleft at the apex. This genus closely approaches Calliope, but is very distinguishable in its general appearance; among other differences, the absence of lateral compression is the most palpable. Costa has formed this genus to receive Amphithoé Marionis of Edwards, and A. panopla and A. carinata of Kroyer ; and Mr. Stimpson believes it to be synony- mous with Owen’s genus Acanthosoma. But as Amphithoé Marionis is a synonym of Devamie spinosa of Montagu, as A. panopla belongs * “ Jatiusculo.’—Auc?. text, 1. c. — GAMMARID&, 151 to the genus Pleustes, and as A. carinata is synonymous with Atylus carinatus, it is impossible to admit Costa’s new genus for either, as, without doubt, Dexamine, Pleustes, and Atylus are distinct genera. I have drawn up the generic characters from the Amphithonotus Edwardsii, which appears to differ only specifically from Amphitho- notus spiniventris. 1. Amphithonotus spiniventris. Amphithonotus spiniventris, Costa, Rend. del. Reale Accad. del. Sc. di Napoli, 1855, p. 167. “Cephalon minutely rostrated. Pereion broad, unarmed. Pleon having each segment dorsally carinated and posteriorly produced into a tooth ; the three anterior segments being also laterally cari- nated and produced into a tooth. Antenne subequal; the peduncle of the inferior not exceeding that of the superior. “ Length 33 lines. “ Hab. Coast of Naples.”—Costa. 2, Amphithonotus Edwardsii. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 5.) BM. penis Edvardsii, Ross, Suppl. Second Voyage, p. 90; App. to arry’s Third Voyage, p. 119; and Polar Voyage, p. 205. - gi oe Sabine, Suppl. App. to Parry's First Voyage, Detmnine Edvardsii, Cat. Crust. Mus. Roy. Coll. Surgeons, p. 94. Cephalon posteriorly elevated into a tubercle, anteriorly depressed and produced into a long rostrum, the median line of which is de- pressed and the marginal ones elevated. The first five segments of the pereion not carinated, but posteriorly elevated, giving an imbri- cated appearance on a lateral examination ; the last two segments of the pereion and the first four of the pleon are each dorsally carinated and posteriorly produced into a long central tooth, and also, except the fourth segment of the abdomen, laterally ridged and produced posteriorly into a strong tooth, which in- creases in length on every posteriorly succeeding segment. Eyes large, subreniform, prominent. Superior antenne one-third shorter than the inferior; peduncle nearly as long as the peduncle 6f the inferior; third jot shorter than either of the preceding ; last two joints of the peduncle of the inferior pair subequal. and each longer than the preceding; articuli on the flagellum of each antenna short, and infero-anteriorly slightly angulated. Mandibles haying the third joint of the appendage longer than the other two. Gnathopoda resembling each other, except the coxz, and subequal: coxa of the first pair produced anteriorly beyond the cophalon ; the propodos is long-ovate, somewhat tapering to the 152 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. apex; palm very oblique, slightly convex, not defined; carpus short, not longer than the breadth of the propodas, inferiorly produced. First two pairs of pereiopoda smaller than the three posterior, sparsely ciliated ; coxa of each of the three posterior pairs double- plated, the basos articulating between them; the basos produced posteriorly and superiorly, excavate beneath, but less in the pos- terior pair, where the infero-posterior angle is produced into a tooth ; dactylos long, styliform. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, the penultimate being rather the longest ; the rami clean, lanceolate. Telson long, narrow, pointed, the apex being split like a pen. Length about 13 inch. Hab. Baffin’s Bay (Six J. Parry). The drawing and description are taken from a female specimen in the British Museum. Spitz- bergen: presented to the British Museum by the Lords of the Admiralty. Igoolik, where it is especially abundant (Sir James C. Ross, Appendix to Second Voyage in Search of a N.W. Passage, p. xe). Northern Ocean: Specimen 323 E, Hunterian Museum (Sir John Franklin, R.N., 1818). 3. Amphithonotus cataphractus. eh Enea cataphractus, Stempson, Marine Invert. of Grand Manan, p- v2. ‘** Body robust. Pereion very stout, with seven carine extending for greater or less distances on the back and sides: viz. one strong median dorsal carina commencing on the first segment, becoming strongly dentate on the last, and ceasing on the second segment of the pleon; the next two carine (proceeding outwards) are deve- loped in the form of strong teeth on the last two segments of the pereion and on all the segments of the pleon, being spine-like on the second, and almost lamelliform on the last four segments of the pleon ; the next two carine are sharp ridges extending along the bases of the coxee, and slightly continued on the first two segments of the pleon; the last two or outer carine are very short, extending only along the basa of the last three pairs of pereiopoda. Coxe large, angular. Cephalon with very large, rounded, convex eyes, and a rostrum of great size, which is elongate-triangular, pointed, curving downwards, concave above, and with a sharp median ridge below. Antenne slender, about equal in length, and one- fourth the length of the body. Gmnathopoda subequal; the pro- poda large, ovate, dentate below; dactyla curved, and about two- thirds the length of the propoda: carpi* inferiorly produced. Pcreiopoda slender ; basa of the three posterior pairs but slightly * « Antepenult joints with slight thumbs.’’—Avct. teas, GAMMARID.E. 153 expanded, Pleopoda biramous; external rami of the last two pairs shorter than the inner ones. Telson lamelliform, subqua- drate. Colour very variable, generally dark reddish or brown, variegated and mottled with white. Some specimens were of a uniform deep purple, others pure white. Eyes yellowish or ver- milion-coloured, with a black dot in the middle. ‘* Length 3 an inch. ‘* This is one of the most curious and by far the finest species taken. It oecurred only once, but then in considerable numbers, in ten fathoms, on a sandy bottom, inside of Duck Island Ledge. ‘* In its very hard pereion* and large strong coxee, it possesses great security ; and, when disturbed, it rolls itself up and remains quiescent, as if feigning death: most other Amphipods will, on the contrary, endeavour to escape when molested. When in motion, this animal preserves an erect posture, like the Isopods, with the pleon bent underneath. It seldom swims, but makes powerful leaps by means of its well-developed pleopoda.’’—Stimpson. This species differs from A. Hdwardsii in having the telson resembling Acanthosoma; but this is a character that Costa has not given; and as I have not seen the type of the genus, I cannot take upon myself the responsibility of expelling Stimpson’s species, though A. cataphractus can scarcely belong to the same genus as A. Fdwardsii. 4. Amphithonotus acanthophthalmus. Spapnihonats acanthophthalmus, 4. Costa, Cat. dei Crost. Ital. per Gugl. Hope, p. 45, 1861. “ Resembles Devamine spinosat, from which it differs principally in having a short spine situated on each side of the cephalon ante- riorly to the eyes. Basos of the posterior pair of pereiopoda not very broad. ** Length 44 lines. *« Hab, Neapolitan Sea, during the month of February. In Costa’s private collection.” —Costa. 44. EPIMERIA. Epimeria, 4. Costa, Cat. dei Crost. Ital. per Fr. Gugl. Hope, p. 46. “This genus is closely allied to Amphithoé and Amphithonotus. Coxe of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda longt, the rest considerably broader§, forming together a shield, often inferiorly emarginate. Back as in Amphithonotus.”—Costa. Amphithoé has well-marked characters that widely separate it from either of the animals that Costa intended to embrace within his genus Amphithonotus, and no less so from the present description of * “carapax.”’—Auct. teat. +t “ Amph. Marionis,” Auct. text. t “elatis.”—Aucl. tect. § “majoribus.”’—Auet. tert. 154 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Epimeria, which, as far as it, together with the following descrip- tion of the species, enables me to offer an opinion, differs in nothing from Acanthonotus of Owen, of which probably it is a synonym, as E. tricristata appears closely to resemble A. Testudo of Montagu. 1. Epimeria tricristata. ee tricristata, 4. Costa, Cat. det Crost. Ital. per Fr. Gugl. Hope, p. 20. “Last segment of the thorax and first four of the pleon dorsally carinated, and posteriorly produced into a tooth. The four ante- rior segments of the pleon also have a lateral obsolete carina, and are produced posteriorly into spiniform teeth, the third and fourth being inferiorly and posteriorly angulated. Coxa of the first pair of pereiopoda with an infero-anterior angle, coxa of the second with an infero-posterior angle obliquely produced, and together forming an inferiorly emargino-semilunate shield. Antenne resembling those of Atylus carinatus. Gnathopoda of medium size ; second pair rather the larger ; propoda compressed, oval. ‘“‘ Length 6 lines. ** Hab. Coast of Naples.” —ths of an inch. 20 Hab. Tenby, Ilfracombe (Gosse). 6. Podocerus capillatus. (Prare XLIV. fig. 3.) B.M. Podocerus capillatus, Rathke, Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold. xx. p. 4. £. 8. Jassa capillata, Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamma. p. 19. Female.—Kyes round, Superior antenne as long as the inferior; inferior one-third the length of the animal. First pair of gna- 256 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. thopoda having the propodos slender, tapering ; second pair haying the propodos ovate, palm deeply concave, unarmed. In other respects the animal resembles P. variegatus. A F ine Length ;4;ths of an inch. Hab, Trawled off Plymouth (C0. S. B.); Polperro (Mr. Loughrin). “Coast of Norway and Bohusia: gregarious” (Bruzelius). I have recently received, from my valued correspondent Mr. Loughrin, some specimens of the nests of Podoceri, built among zoophytes ; in one of these was a female of this species, carrying eggs, while sheltered in the same nest were many young, evidently of different ages. 7. Podocerus cylindricus. (Puiare XLIV. fig. 4.) B.M. Podocerus cylindricus, Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. i. pt. 2. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 64. Ischyrocerus anguipes, Kréyer, Gronl. Amfip. p. 238. t. 3. f. 14. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 56. Cerapus fucicola, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 48. f. 34. Podocerus anguipes, Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamm. p. 21. Gammarus Zebra, Rathke, Fauna Norveg. in Act. Acad. Leopold. xx. p. 74. pl. 5. f. 4 (female). Ischyrocerus minutus, Liljeborg, Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1850. p. 835; Ofvers. af Kongl. Vet. Akad. Forhandl.1855, p. 128 (young). Eyes round. Superior antenne longer than the peduncle of the inferior ; flagellum longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antennz more than half the length of the animal; flagel- lum scarcely half the length of the last joint of the peduncle, the last three articuli having, besides hairs, strong spines, which increase in curvature until, at the apex of the last articulus, they form perfect hooks. First pair of gnathopoda having the pro- podos ovate, tapering, palm oblique, imperfectly defined by four sharp spines; dactylos long, but slightly bent, serrated (almost pectinated) upon the inner margin. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos very long, as long as the cephalon and first segment of the pereion, upper margin arcuate, the lower nearly parallel with the upper, fringed with cilia, palm not defined ; dactylos short, coarsely serrated upon the inner margin. Posterior pair of pleopoda haying the inner ramus simply styliform, the outer terminating in three hooks. The female differs from the male only in the slightly smaller size of the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda. Length .8,ths of an inch. Hab. Egg Harbour (Say); Sukkertopper, Greenland (Holbdll) ; Grand Manan (Stimpson). | | COROPHIID.®. 257 Say remarks of his specimen (the length of which he gives as only ths of an inch), that ‘it is one of the many species of this class that may be found inhabiting marine plants, fucus, &ec., and also zoophytes, devouring the fabricators of the latter, and seeking a fugitive prey amongst the leaves of the former.” The description and figure are taken from a specimen kindly sent to me by Mr. Stimpson, which I have compared with an unnamed specimen in the British Museum presented by M. Holboll. 8. Podocerus latipes. Ischyrocerus latipes, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 162. « Flagellum of the superior antennx equalling or a little surpassing the last joint of the peduncle ; secondary appendage scarcely half the length of the first articulus of the flagellum. Last joint of the peduncle of the inferior antenne shorter than the flagellum ; first articulus of the flagellum shorter than the others. Second pair of gnathopoda dilate, ovate. Third pair of pereiopoda much shorter than the fourth and fifth, having their basa considerably dilated, and the mera, carpi, and propoda with their margins entire. Coxe of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda a little deeper than that of the second pair of gnathopoda ; coxa of the second pair of pereiopoda slightly arcuate. «« Hab. Southern Greenland (Holboll).”—Kroyer. This species approximates closely to P. variegatus. 9. Podocerus ocius, n.s. (Prats XLIV. fig. 5.) BM. Eyes round. Superior antennx longer than the peduncle of the in- ferior. Inferior antennz nearly half the length of the animal, having the flagellum about the length of the last joint of the pe- duncle, consisting of three articuli, of which the first articulus is much longer than the other two, the last very small, and furnished with a long, slightly enrved spine and a few hairs. First pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos ovate, tapering ; palm oblique, not defined ; dactylos serrated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos long-ovate; palm very oblique, half the length of the propodos, defined by an anteriorly-directed obtuse tooth, and armed with a long central obtuse tooth, anteriorly directed, and three anterior tubercles ; dactylos having the inner margin smooth. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Ulfracombe (Gosse). “* Female ?—Kyes round. The four antennze subequal, about half as ~ ‘ ‘ 58 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, 10. Podocerus orientalis. (Prarr XLIV. fig. 6.) Cratophium orientale, Dana, U. S, Explor, Exped. p. 843. pl. 56. £. 8. long as the body : superior pair a little the longer, three basal joints nearly equal in length ; flagellum twice as long as the third joint, having five articuli, the first articulus being as long as all the rest ; secondary appendage consisting of one articulus: inferior pair stout, five-jointed*; second, third, and fourth joints subequal, the last? minute. Propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda of mode- rate length, oblong, nearly straight above, arcuate and hairy be- low ; dactylos rather long: propodos of the second pair somewhat stouter, subovate ; palm nearly longitudinal, three-toothed (like the female of P. validus), one tooth anterior, one submedian, and one posterior (the submedian obtuse) ; dactylos long ; carpus very small, not produced below between the propodos and meros. Length nearly 3 lines. “ Hab. From the sea off the eastern entrance of the Straits of Sunda. Collected March 4th, 1842.”—Dana. 11. Podocerus nitidus. Podocerus nitidus, Stempson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 45. “Small, slender, compressed, smooth and shining above, and of a pale-yellow wine-colour. Cephalon elongated. Eyes oval, black, placed obliquely a little below the bases of the superior antenne. Antenne slender (superior ones most so), very hairy, about equal in length ; the superior ones haying the longest flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda elongated, with numerous long hairs on their edges; propodos smaller and narrower than the carpus; dactylos strong, equalling the propodos in length: second pair large, with a stout spine on the ischium in front; propodos large, oval; dac- tylos small, curved, and half the length of the propodos. First and second pairs of pereiopoda very small, fourth and fifth long, dactyla strong and sharp. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda much the longest, reaching as far as the extremities of those of the penultimate; ultimate small, biramous, with blunt tips. “ Length 0:3 inch. ‘« Hab. Dredged in 30 fathoms, on a shelly bottom, in Hake Bay, Grand Manan.”—Stimpson. * The numbers, as used by Dana, do not refer to any homological position, but only to such joints as are visible. The peduncle of the inferior antenne in the Gammanina persistently consists of five Joints and the flagellum. + Flagellum ? hr a a a COROPHIID®. 259 4. DERCOTHOE (=CERAPUS 9° ). Dercothoé, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 968. “ Coxe moderately large; fifth nearly equally two-lobed, and hardly shorter than the fourth. The lateral margin of the front, which bears the eye, often very salient. Posterior pair of pleopoda quite simple, rather long; branch short, with a relaxed apex bearing two very short spines. Superior antennee usually the longer, ap- pendiculate.”—Dana, The individuals comprised in this genus are undoubtedly females of Cerapus ; but since the males of many species have not yet been recognized, it may be convenient for a time to retain the name of Dercothoé. Kréyer* remarks that Hrichthonius of Edwards (which in this Catalogue is considered a synonym of Cerapus) is the male of Podocerus. The general resemblance of the female of Cerapust to Podocerus is considerable. Its difference consists chiefly in the absence of the inner ramus to the posterior pair of pleopoda, the prolongation of the carpus of the second pair of gnathopoda upon the inferior mar- gin of the propodos, and the form of the telson ; hence it is not difficult to assume that Kréyer’s observation relates to the female of Cerapus, that is, to Dana’s genus Dercothoé. The male and female of Podocerus bear a considerable resemblance to each other, and cannot be confounded with any other genus ; and when Stimpson published his ‘ Natural History of the Marine Inver- tebrata of Grand Manan,’ he must have been aware of these facts ; but it does not appear that he fully appreciated their importance. 1. Dercothoé (Cerapus) emissitius. (Puiare XLIV. fig. 7.) Dercothoé emissitius, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 969, pl. 66. f. 9. “ Body slender. Cephalon oblong, with an ocular prominence on the front margin, each side. Antenne setose: the superior pair hardly longer than half the body ; first and third joints subequal, second longer ; flagellum not longer than the base, possessing about seven articuli; secondary appendage having three articuli: inferior pair shorter ; base about as long as the base of the superior pair ; third and fourth joints subequai, second short; flagellum shorter than the base, possessing about seven articuli. First pair of gna- thopoda quite small, having the propodos very narrow: second pair strong ; propodos large, subovate, sparsely setose, above sparingly arcuate, palm not at all excavate ; dactylos half as long as the pro- podos. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda gradually increasing in length, setee few; the third pair shorter than the second. “ Length 4 lines. “ Hab. Sooloo Archipelago, dredged in 6} fathoms water. Collected February 2, 1842.”—Dana. * Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 163. + Vide p. 266 (C. difformis, fem.). s2 260 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, 2. Dercothoé (Cerapus) speculans. (Piare XLIV. fig. 8.) Dercothoé speculans, Dana, U. 8S. Explor. Exped. p. 971. pl. 67. “Slender. Coxe small, margin sparsely hairy. Cephalon slightly ob- long. Antenne subequal, longer than half the body, setose below , flagella not longer than the base, terete, articuli oblong: second and third joints of superior pair subequal, the first shorter ; fourth joint of inferior pair longer than the third. First pair of gnatho- poda rather smaller than the second pair; the propodos and carpus taken together elliptical in outline, and hirsute below; propodos hardly oblong, slightly shorter than the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda large ; propodos narrow, subelliptical above, arcuate below, and narrow at apex and base; palm not excavate, hirsute ; carpus subtriangular, slenderly produced below the propodos (the process is not appressed to the propodos); dactylos rather long. First and second pairs of pereiopoda equal, basa nearly round ; third pair scarcely longer than the second ; fourth and fifth long and subequal, the fifth somewhat the longest, basa oblong, sete few. “ Hab. Sooloo Archipelago; dredged in 6} fathoms, February 2, 1842.”—Dana. 3. Dercothoe (Cerapus) hirsuticornis. (Piarz XLIV. fig. 9.) ea hirsuticornis, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 972. pl. 67. g. 2. *« Female.—Coxe rather large. Cephalon with each side in front produced into a prominence containing the eyes. Antenne with rather long sete arranged along the lower side: superior pair not half as long as the body; first joint of the base not longer than the third; flagellum nearly as long as the base; secondary ap- pendage having three articuli: inferior pair shorter, four basal joints subequal (the last longest, the first shortest); flagellum shorter than the base. Gmnathopoda small. Second pair of pereio- poda stouter than the first; three posterior pairs gradually in- creasing in length ; sete short, few. “ Length 3-4 lines. “ Hab. From the Island of Enchados, Bay of Rio Janeiro, Brazil ; found among the Serpulas of the shores.”—Dana. 4. Dercothoe (Cerapus) punctatus. (Prare XLIV. fig. 10.) B.M. Podocerus punctatus, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c.. Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Female.—¥yes round, black. Superior antenne one-third the length of the animal; first joint of the peduncle stout and abruptly trun- COROPHILD.2. 261 cate; second and third more slender than the first, subequal, each longer than the first; flagellum a little longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne nearly as long as the superior ; last joint of the peduncle longer than the preceding. First pair of enathopoda small; carpus and propodos equally together forming an oval, the superior margin arcuate, inferior nearly straight, palm not defined; dactylos arcuate. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than the first, having the carpus but slightly produced along the inferior margin of the propodos; propodos ovate, tapering; palm very oblique, slightly concave, imperfectly defined by a few cilia ; dactylos arcuate, serrated upon the inner side with minute teeth and several equidistant larger ones. First pair of pereiopoda having the basos largely dilated, second like the first, third short, fifth and sixth long; last three having the basa produced at the distal extremity to an obtuse angle, and the dactyla serrated on the inner margin and unguiculate. Fourth pair of pleopoda having five equidistant spines upon the outer margin of the pe- duncle; rami having the margins serrated and furnished with a few spines, the inner ramus shorter than the outer and tipped with a single strong spine: fifth pair shorter than the preceding ; sixth pair having the peduncle robust, the ramus terminating in two short, obtuse, curved spines. Telson double-lobed, each lobe armed with several rows of short sharp teeth. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab. Northumberland (Mr. Alder); Oxwich Bay, Glamorgan (127 S-B.) 5. Dercothoe? (Cerapus) productus. Dercothcé? productus, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. May and July, 1855. “ Ophthalmic lobes of the cephalon much produced, bearing the eyes at their rounded extremities. Antenne of equal length, one-half that of the body, with a few lung hairs; flagella with ten much- elongated articuli. Gnathopoda subequal, oblong. Posterior pair of pleopoda with short rami, the outer ones uniform, the inner minute, spine-like. Telson subcordiform, pointed behind. “Length 2rds of an inch. “ Hab, Tanegasima [Japan ?|.”—Stimpson. The posterior pair of pleopoda terminating in two rami, together with the form of the telson, incline me to believe that this species belongs to the genus Nenia; but I hesitate to make the change, since I only know the animal from the author’s description. 262 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 5. CERAPUS. Cerapus, Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. i. p. 49. Jesmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 271. Edwards, Ann. des Sei. Nat. xx. p. 382. Templeton, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 188. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. h 189, Gosse, Marine Zool. i. p. 140. Erichthonius, Edwards, Ann. des Sei. Nat. xx. p. 585. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855 ; Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb, 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 196. Cerapodina, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 62. Pyctilus, Dana, U. S. Explor, Exped. p. 973. Not laterally compressed. Coxee not more than half as deep as their respective segments of the body. Antenne subequal ; peduncles longer than the flagella. First pair of gnathopoda complexly* subchelate: second pair much larger than the first; dactyla an- tagonizing with a prominent process on the carpus. First three pairs of pereiopoda short and robust, last two long. Posterior pair of pleopoda robust, single-branched, ramus terminating in two small hooks. Telson bilobed, each lobe crowned with several rows of curved teeth, the points of which are directed upwards. Milne-Edwards founded the genera Hrichthonius and Cerapodina, with articulated flagella to the antenne, in order to distinguish them from Cerapus, in which, according to Say, the flagella consist of a single joint (a not unusual term with some authors even when they are articulated), and on account of some inaccuracies in Templeton’s description and figure of Cerapus abditus. Dana’s separation of Pyctilus from Erichthonius depends chiefly upon the figure of 2. difformis in the ‘ Hist. des Crust.’ being drawn with the cox of the gnathopoda fused with the segments of the pereion—which, Professor Milne- Edwards informs me, is owing to an error of his artist. It is for these reasons that I consider the genera Hrichthonius, Cerapodina, and Pyctilus, together with Dercothoé, as merely synonyms of Cerapus. 1. Cerapus tubularis. (Piarr XLV. fig. 1.) Cerapus tubularis, Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. i. p. 49. pl. 4. f. 7-11. Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat. xx. p. 382. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 271. “Cephalon having a mucronate carina before. Eyes oval, black, hardly prominent. First pair of gnathopoda with the propodos small, ovate; dactylos not closing on the propodos: second pair having the carpus large, triangulate, the infero-distal angle being produced to a point; propodos narrow; dactylos shorter than the * By this term I mean, whenever the chelate character depends upon other joints than the propodos. COROPTIIID. 263 propodos, its apex impinging against the infero-distal angle of the carpus. Body blackish, with irregular pale spots. Antenne and appendages white, joints tipped with blackish. Two hind pairs [ pleopoda ?] white. “ Length 4 of an inch. «* Hab. United States of N. America. Living in a free, cylindrical, membranaceous, diaphanous tube.”’—Say. Say states the upper antenn to be four-, the lower five-jointed ; and M.-Edwards thereupon constituted his genus Hrichthonius, as possessing a short flagellum. It has been usual with some naturalists to describe the flagellum itself as a joint, and to distinguish it as being divided into segments. I have therefore considered Say’s apical ‘joints’ to the antennz as true flagella, which appears to coincide with the descriptions by Templeton and Stimpson. 2. Cerapus abditus. (Pxiare XLV. fig. 2.) B.M. Cerapus abditus, Templeton, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 188. pl. 20, f. 5. Cerapodina abditus, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. ii. p. 62. Erichthonius difformis, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §e., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857 (not Edwards). White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 196. Eyes diagonally ovate, red. Antenne subequal, scarcely half the length of the animal: inferior pair having the last three joints of the peduncle gradually increasing in length; flagellum scarcely as long as the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the coxa small; carpus broad, and continuous with the propodos ; propodos subtriangulate, being as broad as the carpus at the near extremity, and rapidly tapering to the distal extremity ; palm convex; dactylos arcuate, serrated. Second pair of gnatho- poda very large, having the carpus very large, and continuous with, but much longer and broader than, the propodos,—the inferior margin anteriorly produced to a large double-pointed process, against which the apex of the dactylos impinges ; propodos scarcely more than half as broad as the carpus; palm occupying the entire length of the inferior margin, irregularly waved ; dactylos slightly curved, with the inner margin distended. First two pairs of pereiopoda short, having the basa dilated as largely as in the three posterior, and the propodos and dactylos gradually decreasing to a sharp point: third pair having the propodos enlarged at the extremity and furnished with a stout spine; dactylos short, ro- bust, arcuate: the last two pairs like the third, but longer and more slender. Antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda styliform, terminating in sharp straight spines; the penultimate shorter than the preceding: ultimate very strong, being broad at 264 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, the base and tapering towards the extremity ; ramus short, robust, tapering, tipped with obtuse, short, curved spines. Telson having about six rows of teeth upon each lobe. Colour corneous, sparingly covered with black dots. Length .§,ths of an inch. Hab. Oxwich Bay, Glamorgan (C.S. B.); Plymouth (Mr. Stewart and C. S. B.); Northumberland (fev. A. M. Norman); Atlantic Ocean (Templeton). Templeton describes the colour of the eyes of his specimen as black, with a pale encircling ring; but in all other respects it ap- pears to agree with the British species. 3. Cerapus Hunteri, n.s. (Pratre XLV. fig. 3.) Male.—Kyes small, round. Antenne subequal: superior pair nearly the length of the animal; first joint of the peduncle scarcely as long as the cephalon ; second and third subequal, longer than the first; flagellum somewhat longer than the last joint of the peduncle: inferior pair having the peduncle scarcely shorter than the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda furnished with several short rows of hairs, and having the meros infero-anteriorly produced to an obtuse point; carpus longer than the propodos, anteriorly truncate ; propodos subcireular, narrow at the carpus, gradually enlarging towards the anterior margin; palm convex, not defined, forming with the inferior margin a continuous semicircle ; dactylos short, serrated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus large, infero-anteriorly produced to a sharp point ; propodos about half the width of the carpus ; palm parallel with the superior mar- gin,and furnished with a baccate edge having a deep excavation near the centre ; dactylos scarcely as long as the propodos. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, having the basa posteriorly straight, anteriorly extremely arcuate. Posterior pair of pleopoda nearly as long as the preceding. Telson double-lobed, haying five or six rows of small denticles or spines on each. Female.—Like the male, but having the second pair of gnathopoda with the propodos ovate ; palm slightly convex, imperfectly de- fined by one or two lateral spines; carpus produced along the inferior margin of the propodos. Length of male }2ths of an inch. Hab. Not recorded. This specimen is preserved in the collection of the Royal College of Surgeons, and is named in compliment to the founder of their Museum. COROPHIID.®. 265 4, Cerapus rubricornis. (PLare XLV. fig. 4.) BM. Cerapus rubricornis, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 47.4. 33. Male.—Much broader than high, tapering at both extremities. Ce- phalon about half the width of the second thoracic segment. Eyes round, black. ‘* Antenne strongly subpediform, curving down- wards and very hairy ; the inferior ones a little the longer.” First pair of gnathopoda small, subcheliform: second pair long; carpus very large, with the inferior angle produced to a long, sharp pro- cess; propodos half the width of the carpus, palm waved; dac- tylos as long as the propodos. The whole of the chelate organ, when closed, is of an elongate-oval form. First and second pairs of pereiopoda small, but with broad flat basa; third pair shortest of all; fourth and fifth slender, with sharp dactyla. ‘‘ Antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda with long peduncles; ultimate pair very short, simple, and subuncinate at their extremities. Colour on the back dark mottled grey ; coxe blackish; flagella of the antenne bright red.” ** Female.—Larger than male. Superior antennz as long as the inferior. Second pair of gnathopoda not large, with a small, short and broad propodos ; dactylos short ; carpus produced into a sharp projection. Colour as in the male, except that the under side of the pereion is of a bright yellow, from the contained eggs.” Length of female, ,ths of an inch; ‘“ male, 0-41 inch.” “ Hab. Dredged abundantly on the stems of Boltenie in 20 fathoms, rocks off Cheney’s s Head, and in 25 fathoms, off Duck Island. Speci- mens occurred on the 10th of August with eggs, which were hatched on the 25th of the same month.” «This species inhabits flexible tubes composed of fine mud and some animal cement, by which it is agglutinated. These tubes are generally adherent to some foreign body for about half their length, and closed below. They are mostly found in large groups, attached to submarine objects and to each other.’”—(The quotations are ab- breviated from Stimpsor. The vest of the description is taken from a specimen sent me by the author.) 5. Cerapus difformis. (Piare XLV. fig. 5.) Erichthonius ditformis, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 882 ; Histe des Crust. iii. p. 60. pl. 29, f. 12. Male.—Fyes small, round, black. Superior antennie rather more than half the length of the animal. Inferior antenne nearly as long as the superior. First pair of gnathopoda small, having the carpus inferiorly deeply arcuate, but not anteriorly produced, 266 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. fringed with cilia; propodos not longer than the carpus, and nearly of the same ovate form; palm convex, not defined, fringed with a few cilia. Second pair of gnathopoda large, having the carpus broad, very largely produced supero-posteriorly, and also produced infero-anteriorly to a long, sharp, single-pointed pro- cess ; propodos scarcely more than half the width of the carpus, margins subparallel, the lower being slightly waved; dactylos haying the inner margin smooth. The rest of the animal does not differ materially from C. abditus. Female.—Resembles the male in everything except in the form of the second pair of gnathopoda: the carpus is not supero-posteriorly produced, and the infero-anterior process is developed in the form of a plate that corresponds with the inferior surface of the pro- podos ; propodos ovate, palm but slightly defined; dactylos less powerful than in the male. Length of male ths, of female =,ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward); Northumberland (Rev. A.M. Norman); coasts of Bretagne (Ailne-Edwards). I have only seen dead specimens; they were spotted much lke C. abditus. Among those kindly lent to me by the Rey. A. M. Nor- man is one that has the gnathopodos on the left side of the second pair malformed—the malformation assuming the character adapted to the female. 6. Cerapus macrodactylus. (Pxrate XLV. fig. 6.) Pyctilus macrodactylus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 974. pl. 67. f. 3. “ Body rather slender. Coxe of moderate size. Cephalon oblong ; the front margin of either side with a projection containing the eye. Antenne elongate: inferior pair shorter than the body ; third and fourth joints long, subequal; flagellum a little shorter than the base, having about ten articuli, setee very short. First pair of gnathopoda small; the propodos and carpus together narrow ellip- tical in outline, short hirsute ; dactylos small. Second pair of gna- thopoda very stout ; carpus and propodos* together <-shaped, the immoveable process being very much elongate, simple, and pointed, and the upper portion projecting very far beyond its base ; dactylos - very long, as long as the propodos, and sparsely short-hirsute. First and second pairs of pereiopoda subequal; third pair with the first joint having a narrow acute prolongation behind. “‘ Hab. East Indies, in the Sooloo Sea.”—Dana. * “ Hand,” Auct. COROPHIID.E. 267 7. Cerapus pugnax. (Prarre XLV. fig. 7.) Pyetilus pugnax, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 975. pl. 67. f. 4. *‘ Superior antenne having the base about as long as the flagellum, Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda very large, oblong, longer than the dactylos, sparingly erose within, and bearing a few mi- nute, short setw; superior and inferior margins parallel; carpal process short, and bidentate at the apex, upper portion produced but little beyond the base of the process. ** Hab. Sooloo Sea, East Indies.”—Dana. 8. Cerapus Brasiliensis. (Piarr XLV. fig. 8.) Pyctilus Brasiliensis, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 976. pl. 67. f. 5. ** Coxze of moderate size. Lateral margin of head salient. First pair of gnathopoda rather large ; carpus and propodos broad, and taken together oblong-oval, hirsute below ; meros slightly the longer, rounded at the lower apex ; propodos somewhat oblong ; dactylos a little shorter than the propodos. Second pair of gnathopoda very stout; carpus very large, oblong, immoveable; dactylos stout, rather short, bidentate, the extremity of the carpal process not extended beyond the base of the dactylos ; propodos thick, nearly twice as long as the dactylos, much hirsute below, hairs as long as the breadth of the joint. Third pair of pereiopoda rather short, basos nearly orbicular, hairs longish, few ; basos of seventh pair narrow. “ Length 3 lines. “ Hab, Dredged with the anchor in the harbour of Rio Janeiro.” —Dana. 9. Cerapus? fasciatus. Cerapus fasciatus, Stimpson, Marine Invert. Grand Manan, p. 49. f. 35. “ Female.—Elongated. Cephalon narrow. Pereion very broad in the middle, where the height equals one-third of the breadth. Pleon very slender throughout its length, heing about one-half the width of the pereion. Eyes rather large, rounded, black. Antennz very slender, with long flagella ; inferior arising much behind, and some- what longer than, the superior, which are generally thickened at the base. Gnathopoda subcheliform, those of the second pair the larger. Pereiopoda slender; first and second pairs having their basa oval; last pair longer than the others. Posterior pleopoda very long and slender; antepenultimate pair projecting beyond the others; last pair short and rather thick, each terminating in two short, curved processes. Colour wine-yellow, with narrow 268 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. transverse bands of dark reddish-brown, one to each segment on the back ; the small coxee of the last three pairs of pereiopoda are also dark brown. « Length 0°32 inch. «« Hab. Dredged in 35 fathoms, on a gravelly bottom, in Hake Bay.” —Stimpson. Mr. Stimpson thinks that the degree of elongation and flexibility of the flagella of the antennie is not a character of sufficient import- ance to separate this species from Cerapus. Neither the figure that Stimpson gives of the caudal appendages, nor his description of the posterior pair of pleopoda, is sufficiently distinct to determine whether the latter appendage terminates in two short, curved rami, or in one ramus haying two short, curved processes. I am inclined to think that this species is not a Cerapus. 10. Cerapus Leachii. Podocerus Leachii, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 168. “The eyes carried on prominent lobes. Superior antenne almost as long as the inferior; flagellum of the inferior antenne consist- ing of twelve articuli. First pair of gnathopoda having the pro- podos considerably dilated, rather longer than broad; second pair having the propodos very large: in the female the carpus is pro- duced behind the propodos into a prominent tooth; in the male, on the contrary, the carpus becomes the hand and immoveable Jinger, whilst the propodos and dactylos together form an efficient thumb. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, having the basa and mera squamiformly dilated ; third pair shorter than the others, basos scutiform. Dorsal surface smooth, and destitute of teeth. Coxee ciliated or plumose. “ Hab. Taken in the Gulf of Codanus, in a membranous tube.”’ “The female of this species, by the form of the second pair of gna- thopoda, is Podocerus”’ [ Dercothoé* |; ‘the male being a true Hrich- thonius” | Cerapus |.—Kroyer. 6. SIPHONGCETUS. Siphoneecetus, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. i. p.491; Voyage en Scand. pl. 20. cifeage "Spence Bate, Report Brit. Assoc. 1855; Synopsis, §e., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 196. Not laterally compressed. Superior antennee in advance of the in- ferior; inferior longer than the superior, subpediform. Gnatho- * Vide p. 259. COROPHIID. 269 poda not large, subequal, subchelate ; second pair rather the larger. Pereiopoda short, robust; posterior pair longest, coxwe small. Posterior pair of pleopoda very short, terminating in a single ramus formed like a double hook. ‘Telson single; lobe crowned with several rows of sharp spines or teeth. Kréyer, in his figure of Siphonecetus typicus, has the posterior pair of pleopoda double-branched, whereas, in the species that I have had the opportunity of examining closely, there is only one ramus ; but that consists of two hooks. These hooks are not, as in Amphi- thoé and Cerapus, at the extremity of the ramus, but are themselves the ramus, being united at the base. 1. Siphonecetus crassicornis. (Prater XLV. fig. 9.) BM. Siphoneecetus crassicornis, Spence Bate, Report Brit. Assoc. 1855; Synopsis, &c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 197, Female.—Cephalon produced to a strong rostrum. Posterior divi- sion of the pleon compressed beneath the anterior. Eyes round, fixed on a lobe between the antenne. Superior antennze about one-fifth the length of the animal; first joint of the peduncle as long as the cephalon, very broad, armed above with a large strong process which extends beyond the extremity of the second joint ; second joint short ; third longer and more slender than the second ; flagellum with two articuli, sparsely ciliated, first very long, second rudimentary. Inferior antenne reaching a little beyond the su- perior, last two joints subequal; flagellum having two articuli, sparsely ciliated, first articulus as long as the last joint of the peduncle, second small. Gnathopoda subequal, having the pro- podos long-ovate, slightly tapering, palm not defined; dactylos serrated, impinging against the inferior margin. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, having the basgs dilated ; propodos curved ; dactylos sharp and simply curved: third pair having each joint very short and dilated; meros and carpus posteriorly produced ; pro- podos very stout, slightly curved; dactylos double-hooked, pos- teriorly directed: last two pairs gradually increasing in length, and terminating in double-pointed dactyla posteriorly directed. Penultimate pair of pleopoda short, scarcely reaching beyond the peduncle of the preceding ; ultimate not reaching beyond the ex- tremity of the antepenultimate, having the ramus developed into a double-pointed hook. ‘Telson single; lobe crowned with small teeth directed upwards. Length .?,ths of an inch Hab. Small tubes attached to Antennularia, coast of Northumber- land (Mr, Alder). 27 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 2. Siphonecetus Whitei. (Prare XLV. fig. 10.) B.M. Cerapus Whitei, Gosse, Nat. Rambles Devonshire Coast, p. 383. pl. 22. f. 12; Marine Zool. p. 140. f. 253. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 191. Siphoncecetus Kroyeranus, Spence Bate, Synopsis, 8c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Bob. 1857. Whate, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 196. Without a rostrum. Superior antenne one-fourth the length of the animal; first jot of the peduncle shorter than the cephalon, second and third about the same length; flagellum consisting of three articuli, first articulus rather longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antennz but littie longer than the supe- rior. Gnathopoda subequal; propodos ovate, tapering, palm not defined ; dactylos of the second pair serrated upon the inner mar- gin. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the basa dilated, carpi broad, propoda curved, dactyla straight, styliform; third and fourth pairs subequal, having the carpi very short, propoda straight, dactyla double-pointed, anteriorly directed; posterior pair longer than the preceding, having the carpus as long as the propodos, and the dactylos double-pointed, posteriorly directed. Length ,4;ths of an inch. Hab. Weymouth (Prof. Williamson) ; Ilfracombe, in tubes attached to tufts of Chondrus crispus (Mr. Gosse). 3. Siphonecetus typicus. (Pxiare XLVI. fig. 1.) Siphoneecetus typicus, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr.i. p. 491; Voyage en Scand. pl. 20. f. 1. Superior antenne one-third the length of the animal, ciliated; first joint of the peduncle longer than the cephalon, second not so long as the first, third still shorter ; flagellum scarcely longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne having the peduncle reaching beyond the extremity of the superior antenne; ante- penultimate joint longer than the first joint of the superior pair, penultimate and ultimate joints subequal; flagellum not so long as the last joint of the peduncle, having the last articulus laterally tipped with two stout spines, and the antepenultimate tipped with one spine on the upper surface. First pair of gnathopoda long- ovate ; palm armed with three sharp teeth or spines, the posterior of which defines its limit; dactylos scarcely half the length of the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the meros inferiorly produced nearly to the extremity of the carpus, carpus continuous with the propodos ; propodos ovate, tapering, palm not defined, armed with several short teeth or spines; dactylos nearly as long COROPHITD. 271 as the inferior margin. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; third and fourth subequal, shorter than the preceding ; posterior pair longest. Posterior pair of pleopoda scarcely reaching beyond the telson. Hab. Tubes built of stone, &c., cemented together. Scandinavia (Aroyer). This description is dependent upon the correctness of Kroyer’s figure. 7. NENIA, n.g. Antenne subequal; superior without a secondary appendage ; in- ferior arising posteriorly to the superior. Gnathopoda subchelate ; second pair very large. Pereiopoda strong, subequal. Posterior pair of pleopoda biramous, rami styliform. Telson tubular, tipped with one or two rudimentary denticles. This genus differs from Hurystheus chiefly in the absence of the secondary appendage to the superior antenne and in the larger size of the second pair of gnathopoda. 1. Nenia tuberculosa*, n.s. (Puarze XLVI. fig. 2.) Eyes small, round, red. Superior antennz half as long as the animal, having the first joint stout and as long as the cephalon, second joint longer than the first and much slighter, third shorter than the first and more slender than the second; flagellum nearly as long as the last two joints of the peduncle. Inferior antenne having the peduncle as long as the peduncle of the superior, last two joints subequal; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus and propodos subequal; propodos ovate, palm oblique, imperfectly defined; dactylos long, slender, serrated on the inner margin. Second pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus short and nearly as broad as the propodos ; propodos long-quadrate, palm receding, tuberculated ; dactyles extremely arcuate. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the meros long and carpus short; third pair having the basos excavate infero-posteriorly ; fifth pair longer than the preceding. Posterior pair of pleopoda extending further than the preceding. Telson tubular. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Plymouth, and Oxwich Bay, Glamorgan (C. 8S. B.); Tenby (Mr. Webster); Banff (Mr. Edward). * The specific names in this genus refer to the character of the palm of the second pair of gnathopoda. bo ~J bo AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, 2. Nenia rimapalma, n.s. (Puare XLVI. fig. 3.) BLM. Eyes round, black. Superior antenne two-thirds the length of the animal. Inferior antenne a little longer than the superior, peduncle reaching beyond the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gna- thopoda slender; carpus as long as the propodos; propodos having the margins parallel, with no defined palm; dactylos as long as the propodos. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus short ; propodos large, long-quadrate ; palm oblique, imperfectly defined, having a deep central excavation, margin fringed with small bead- like protuberances ; dactylos having an enlargement opposite the hollow in the palm. Pereiopoda subequal. Pleopoda subequal, the longest ramus tipped with a long cilium. Telson tubular, tipped with one or two minute denticles (microscopic). Length ;3ths of an inch, Hab. Coast of Northumberland (Mr. Alder). 3. Nenia excavata,n.s. (Prats XLVI. fig. 4.) BM. Female.—Eyes small, ovate. Antenne (wanting). First pair of gnathopoda long and slender; carpus as long as the propodos; propodos but slightly broader at the palm than at the carpal extremity, not stouter than the carpus; palm oblique, short, and defined by an obtuse angle with the inferior margin; dactylos long, as long as the propodos, serrated on the inner margin. Se- cond pair of gnathopoda large, robust, having the carpus short, and produced along the inferior margin of the propodos ; propodos ovate, palm oblique, defined by a right angle which is suddenly formed by a deep excavation in the inferior limits of the palm; dactylos as long as the palm, serrated upon the inner margin. Posterior pleopoda not longer than the preceding. Telson cylin- drical, carrying at the extremity two or three exceedingly minute denticles (microscopic) and a few hairs, Length ,3,ths of an inch, Hab. Coast of Northumberland (ML. Alder). 4. Nenia undata,n.s. (Pare XLVI. fig. 5.) Eyes round. Superior antenne half the length of the animal. Inferior antenne not longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus as long as the propodos ; propodos ovate, taper- ing; palm very oblique, imperfectly defined, ciliated; dactylos internally serrated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus shorter than the propodos, and produced along its inferior margin ; COROPHIID.E. 278 propodos ovate, palm oblique, waved, defined by two short spines ; dactylos having the inner margin serrated. Posterior pair of pleo- poda longer than the preceding. Telson tubular. Length .>,ths of an inch. 20 Hab, Coast of Northumberland (Mr. Alder). Subfamily 2. COROPHIIDES*. Cephalon and pereion broader than deep. Inferior antenne sub- pediform, longer and more powerful than the superior. Coxe small. Posterior pair of pleopoda simply subfoliaceous or styliform, not armed with hook-like spines. Telson squamiform, unarmed, 8. CYRTOPHIUM. Cyrtophium, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 839. Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Whate, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 195. Platophium, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 838. «Pereion narrow-elliptical. Pleon inflexed beneath the pereion. Cephalon subquadrate. Eyes situated at the anterior angles, and a little prominent. Antenne pediform, with very short flagella or none; the inferior pair a little the longer. Gmnathopoda sub- chelate ; second pair much the stouter. Posterior pair of pleopoda minute, simple, partly concealed by the telson ; antepenultimate and penultimate pairs with the rami unequal, not specially curved upon the outer side.”—Dana. I think that Dana’s genera Cyrtophivm and Platophium should be united, since the only distinctions which exist between them are the respective lengths of the rami of the pleopoda, the more lamellar form of the inner ramus of the antepenultimate and penultimate pairs and the greater length of their spines,—the fundamental characters of each being the same. ‘ I have retained the name of Cyrtophium in preference to that of Platophium, since I had adopted the former for a European species previously to determining that the two were synonymous. The above generic characters are taken from those given by Dana for the genus Platophium,—a short note, pointing out the slight dif- ferences, being the only description given of Cyrtophiwm as a genus. * Section Tusrrica.—On account of the close resemblance of the females of Cerapus (Dercothoé) to the animals belonging to the genus Podocerus, together with the circumstance that Haploops, Liljeborg (a genus belonging to the sub- family AmpELiscapeEs, which I received too late to arrange in its proper place in this Catalogue), dwells in tubes, I think that the sections Nrpirica (see p. 233) and Tusirica are unnecessary and should be cancelled, as being of too arbitrary a character. In classification, it is better to rely upon the structure than upon the habits of animals. t 274 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 1. Cyrtophium Brasiliense. (Puiarr XLVI. fig. 6.) Platophium Brasiliense, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 838. pl. 55.f. 9. “‘ Male.—Body (seen from above) narrow-elliptical. Antenne ciliate below : upper shorter than base of lower; flagellum three- to five- articulated: lower pair a little longer than half the body; flagel- lum three-articulated. First pair of gnathopoda furnished with a small propodos: propodos of second pair short, oblong, nearly straight below, and thickly furnished with very fine, long plumose hairs, longer than the breadth of the meros; carpus slightly ob- long, not produced below; propodos much produced below ante- riorly, Pereiopoda subequal ; sete short, rather few, not longer than diameter of propoda. “‘ Female.—Body more broadly elliptical, and the antenne a little shorter than in the male; the upper pair a little longer than the base of the lower. Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda of mo- derate size, broad, and but little oblong, arcuate below and hirsute, but not furnished with long hairs like the male; carpus not oblong. “ Length, with the pleon inflexed, about 2 lines; with it extended, 3 lines. “* Hab, Dredged in the harbour of Rio Janeiro.””—Dana. 2, Cyrtophium orientale. (Prare XLVI. fig. 7.) Cyrtophium orientale, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 839. « Antenne pediform, ciliate below: inferior pair having a flagellum consisting of three articuli, the second and third being very small ; the first long-styliform, longer than the joint of the peduncle next preceding: superior antenne haying a flagellum consisting of three subequal articuli, which together are as long as the third joint of the peduncle ; cilia below very long. Propodos of second pair of gnathopoda quite stout, subelliptical, nearly straight below, and hirsute; dactylos Very nearly as long as the propodos. Antepen- ultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda with very long spines at their extremity (one being nearly as long as the branch) ; inner branch lamellar, having its inner margin spinulose; outer branch shorter than inner, and subterete. “Length 2 lines. «« Hab, Singapore, East Indies.’”—Dana. 3. Cyrtophium Darwinii. (Piarr XLVI. fig. 8.) BM. Cyrtophium Darwinii, Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855, p. 59; Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 196. Dorsal aspect of the cephalon quadrate. Pereion and pleon having COROPIIMID.A, 275 the posterior margin of each segment dorsally elevated, giving the animal a corrugated or imbricated appearance. Eyes pro- minent. Superior antenne not so long as the peduncle of the inferior. Inferior antenne nearly as long as the animal ; flagel- lum shorter than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of enathopoda small: second large, having the carpus very minute ; propodos as long as the cephalon and the first two segments of the pereion. Two posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, long. Ante- penultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami subequal ; penulti- mate much shorter than the preceding, with the rami unequal ; ultimate rudimentary, scarcely extending beyond the extremity of the telson. Telson squamiform, suborbicular. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Dredged at Falmouth ; St. Michael’s Mount, on the beach, at low water (Mr. Webster). 4. Cyrtophium tuberculatum. (Prare XLVI. fig. 9.) eps tuberculatus, Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamma. p. 11. ee a “ Antenne equal. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate, and less than that of the second. Second pair of gnatho- poda, in the male, having the propodos oblong-ovate, palm arcu- ate, inferior margin nearly straight; in the female, the propodos is oval. Telson single, foliaceous, rounded at the apex. Dorsum furnished with small tubercles. “ Length ;4,ths of an inch. «Hab. Rather rare in the bays of Bohusia, e. g. Gullmarsfjorden, and at the island called Koster, where it was taken at the depth of from 120 to 130 fathoms.”—Bruzelius. 9. CRATIPPUS, n. g. Body long. Antenne short; flagells rudimentary; superior pair with- out any secondary appendage. Coxze not, so deep as the pereion. Gnathopoda subchelate; second pair haying the propodos much larger than that of the first. Pereiopoda subequal. Three pos- terior pairs of pleopoda haying short rami. Telson squamiform(?). The rudimentary character of the flagella of the antenne, the absence of the secondary appendage, and the shortness of the cox are characters that separate this genus from Podocerus; the size and form of the second pair of gnathopoda distinguish it from Coro- phiwn ; and the shortness of the antennee and relative proportions of the gnathopoda separate it from Dryope and Unciola. TtT2 276 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 1. Cratippus tenuipes, n.s. (Prare XLVI. fig. 10.) B.M. Eyes round, black. Antenne subequal: superior pair about one- fourth the length of the animal; first joint robust, second and third gradually smaller ; flagellum rudimentary, consisting of but three articuli: inferior pair having the last three joints of the peduncle gradually decreasing in length; flagellum rudimentary, consisting of only three articuli. First pair of gnathopoda slender, long, scarcely subchelate: second pair having the carpus short ; propodos long, as long as the cephalon end first segment of the pereion, with the superior and inferior margins parallel: on the right side, the inferior angle is formed into a hollow cup: on the left are two short distal teeth. Pereiopoda subequal, very long and slender, basa not dilated; propoda of the three posterior pairs serrated on the inner margin. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Edward). 10. DRYOPE, n.g. Unciola, Gosse, Marine Zool. i. p. 141 (not Say). Animal long and slender, Superior antennwe without a secondary appendage ; inferior antenne not longer than the superior. Coxze not so deep as the pereion, First pair of gnathopoda larger than the second, subchelate; second pair small, imperfectly chelate. Posterior pair of pereiopoda longer than the others. Posterior pair of pleopoda short, almost rudimentary, double-branched. Telson single, squamiform. This genus differs from Unciola of Say in the absence of a second- ary appendage to the superior antenne, in the form of the second pair of gnathopoda, in the shortness of the posterior pair of pleopoda, and in the character of the telson. 1. Dryope irrorata. (Piare XLVII. fig. 1.) B.M. Unciola irrorata, Gosse, Marine Zool. i. p. 141. f. 256 (not Say). Posterior margin of the second and third segments of the pleon waved. Eyes round, small. Superior antenne nearly half the length of the animal ; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne scarcely shorter than the superior ; the peduncle slightly shorter than the peduncle of the superior; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnatho- poda larger than the second, having the carpus continuous with the propodos, the postero-inferior angle produced to a blunt, posteriorly- COROPHIID.&. 277 directed tooth tipped with hairs; propodos triangular, superior margin arcuate ; palm oblique, extending the entire length of the inferior margin, deeply waved, having two prominent lobes, and defined by a prominent obtuse tooth ; dactylos scarcely as long as the palm, serrated upon the inner margin. Second pair of gnatho- poda small ; propodos scarcely broader than the carpus, and as long again as broad, haying the superior margin arcuate, the inferior nearly parallel with it, and both fringed with fasciculi of hairs ; palm concave, fringed with slight, equally distant prominences, from each of which arises a solitary straight cilium ; the inferior angle produced, against which the short straight dactylos impinges. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal. Length ,3,;ths of an inch. Hab. Weymouth (Gosse). Mr. Gosse considers this species to be Unciola irrorata of Say ; but, independently of its possessing characters which separate it generi- cally from Uneiola, the animal differs in other respects from Say’s description. 2. Dryope crenatipalma, n.s. (Prare XLVII. fig. 2.) B.M. Cephalon having a very short rostrum between the antenne. Infero- posterior angle of the first three segments of the pleon posteriorly produced. Eyes round, black. Superior antennz half as long as the animal ; second joint of the peduncle twice as long as the first ; flagellum as long as the second and third joints of the peduncle. Inferior antenne haying the peduncle as long as the peduncle of the superior; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the pe- dunele. First pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus inferiorly pro- duced to a point ; propodos subtriangular, superior margin arcuate ; palm nearly the entire length of the inferior margin, very oblique, defined by a prominent tubercle tipped with a strong spine, irre- gularly waved, having a very wide protuberance, with the margin minutely crenulate ; dactylos as long as the palm, having the inner margin serrated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus nearly as long as the propodos, with the inferior margin slightly produced and tipped with plumose cilia; propodos half as long again as broad, ovate; palm concave, the deepest part being near the dactylos, ornately fringed near the base of the dactylos with simple sharp-pointed perpendicular teeth, then with two or three tubercles crowned with teeth spreading like a fan, and lastly with seven or eight long comb-like teeth just within the limits of the produced inferior angle of the palm, the last of which is double 278 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the length and size of the others ; dactylos strongly serrated upon the inner margin. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, the propodos having the inner distal angle produced to a lobe; dactylos robust, arcuate. Fourth pair of pleopoda having the outer ramus longer than the inner; last pair scareely reaching beyond the telson. Telson almost circular, having a slight point at the apex. Length ;§,ths of an inch, Hab. Weymouth (Gosse). The above description is taken from a female presented to me by Mr. Gosse. 11. UNCIOLA. Unciola, Say, Journ, Acad. Nat. Sct. Philad. i. p. 389. Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 383 ; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 69. Glauconome, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. i. p. 501. * Cephalon deeply emarginate beneath the eyes to receive the basal joints of the inferior antenne, and projecting into an acute angle between the superior antenne. Eyes slightly prominent, placed on a somewhat advanced portion of the cephalon, between the bases of the superior and inferior antenne. Antenne robust, subpediform ; superior pair having an articulated flagellum and a secondary appendage ; inferior pair shorter. Coxe not dilated. First pair of gnathopoda large, monodactyle ; second pair adactyle, having the carpus and propodos subequal. ‘Posterior pair of pereiopoda longest. Antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda styliform; ultimate pair suborbicular, terminating with a pair of simple, depressed, styliform rami*.”—Condensed from Say. «‘ Antenne subpediform ; superior pair furnished with a very small secondary appendage. Eyes minute, not very distinct. First pair of gnathopoda subcheliform ; second pair more slender, not sub- chelate. First and second pairs of pereiopoda very slender ; third, fourth and fifth slender, with the basa dilated. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda short, but very robust, formed for swimming, the fourth and fifth pairs for leaping, the sixth pair (nearly rudimentary) for swimming. Coxe very minute, almost rudi- mentary.”—Abbreviated from Kroyer. I think there can be little doubt that Kroyer’s genus Glauconome is synonymous with Unciola of Say, which is also the opinion of Dana; but not haying seen an authenticated specimen of this genus, * Say’s description is: “terminal one suborbicular, with a pair of simple, de- pressed styles, concealed by others.” COROPHIID.E. 279 I have thought it advisable to give the description by both authors, the more especially as, from the indefiniteness of the term ‘ adactyle’ of Say, and no reference being made by either of them to the form of the telson, it is not improbable that this genus may also be synonymous with Microdentopus. 1. Unciola irrorata. Unciola irrorata, Say, Jowrn. Acad, Nat. Set. Philad. i. p. 589. Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 883; Hist, des Crust. iii. p. 69. “‘ Having each segment of the pleon mucronate upon each side behind. Eyes hemispherical, prominent. Superior antenne having the secondary appendage reaching the fifth articulus of the flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda haying the propodos with a longitudi- nally convex palm defined by a prominent obtuse tooth; dac- tylos reaching the carpus, which terminates so as to appear like a’ second tooth of the hand. Second pair of gnathopoda compressed, ciliated, having the propodos subtriangular. Colour, when recent, pale, with very numerous red points. * Length ;3,ths of an inch. “ Hab. Egg Harbour, coast of the United States.””—Condensed from Say. | 2. Unciola leucopes. (Prare XLVII. fig. 3.) Glauconome leucopes, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. i. p. 491 et seq. pl. 7. f. 2; Voyage en Scand. pl. 19. f. La. Eyes small. Superior antennz nearly half the length of the animal ; joints of the peduncle subequal, the first as long as the cephalon. Inferior antennz shorter than the superior, having the peduncle as long as the peduncle of the superior; flagellum as long as the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate, tapering, palm imperfectly defined ; dactylos long. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos long, not broader than the carpus. Hab. South Greenland (Kroyer). 12. COROPHIUM. Corophium, Latr. Gen. Crust. i. p. 58. Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vii. p. 403 ; Linn. Trans. xi. p. 862. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 270. Grosse, Marine Zool. i. p. 141. Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamma. p. 14. Superior antennew small, situated close together in advance of and above the inferior, having a multiarticulate flagellum. Inferior antenme very large and powerful, subpediform; flagellum not 280 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. multiarticulate. First pair of gnathopoda subchelate ; second pair not subcheliform. Posterior pair of pleopoda very short, single- branched. Telson squamiform, simple. 1. Corophium longicorne. (Prare XLVII. fig. 4.) B.M. Corophium longicorne, “ Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. i. p. 59." * * Lamarck, Hist. des Anim. sans Vert. v. p. 184.” Leach, Edinb. Encycl. vii. p. 403 ; Linn. Trans, xi. p. 362. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 270. pl. 46. f. I. Brébisson, Cat. des Crust. recuetllis dans le Dépt. du Calvados, 1835. “ Guérin, Icon. t. 27. f. 1.” Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 885; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 66. Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamm. p. 15. «Gammarus longicornis, Febricius, Ent. Syst. ii. p. 515.” “ Roemer, Gen. Ins. tab. 33. f. 6.” . Astacus linearis, Penn. Brit. Zool. edit. 1777, iv. p. 17. pl. 16. £. 31.” « Oniscus volutator, Pallas, Spic. Zool. ix. p. 59. tab, 4. f. 9.” “ Cancer grossipes, Linn. Syst. Nat.” Male.—Fyes small, round, not distant, advanced to the anterior margin of the cephalon. Superior antennz reaching to half the length of the penultimate joint of the peduncle of the inferior ; first joint of the peduncle serrated on the inner inferior margin, Inferior antenne longer than the entire animal ; penultimate joint of the peduncle armed with a strong anteriorly-directed tooth on the inferior distal extremity; flagellum consisting of only two articuli, the apical articulus being much shorter than the pre- ceding. First pair of gnathopoda small, having the carpus and propodos subequal, long ; propodos slightly increasing towards the distal extremity, palm somewhat conyex, armed with several equi- distant submarginal hairs, the inferior angle slightly in advance ; dactylos arcuate, impinging on the palm in its entire length. Second pair of gnathopoda having the meros arcuate beneath, and produced along the entire inferior margin of the carpus, fringed with two or three rows of long plumose hairs; propodos having the margins parallel, with a row of long plumose hairs ; dactylos long, sharp, unguiculate. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda having long straight dactyla ; third and fourth pairs scarcely longer than the preceding, fifth pair nearly as long again. Posterior pair of pleopoda scarcely extending beyond the telson, having the ramus foliaceous, nearly as broad-as long, furnished with a few hairs. Telson broad, triangular, apex obtuse. Length ,8,ths of an inch. Hab. Loughor Marsh, Glamorgan (C. S. B.); Berwick (Dr. John- * IT am indebted to White and Edwards for the synonyms and references within inverted commas. COROPHIID.E. 281 ston); Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon); Norfolk and mouth of the Med- way (Leach); coast of Saintonge (Quatrefages) ; Bay of L’Aiguillon, Rochelle (AM. D’Or bigny); coasts of Sweden and Norway (Bruzelius). In muddy estuaries probably all round the British shores. In the month of July 1858 I took several specimens, along with Podocerus, amongst weed attached to a buoy in Plymouth Sound. The colour of this little animal is grey, the tint being produced by black stellate markings on a whitish ground: it assimilates very closely in hue to the soil in which it resides. It dwells in small tubular galleries in the mud; but I have not ascertained whether it perforates these channels, or occupies them after they have been excavated by the annelides on which it preys. Quatrefages, in his ‘Rambles of a Naturalist’ (vol. ii. p. 312, English translation), says that ‘about the end of April they come from the open sea in myriads (they are called ¢ Pernis’ by the fishermen of the coast of Saintonge), to wage war with the annelides, which they entirely de- stroy before the end of May. They then attack the mollusca and fish all through the summer, and disappear in a single night about the end of October and return again the following year.” 2, Corophium spinicorne, n.s. (Prate XLVII. fig. 5.) B.M. Female.—Cephalon haying a central projection between the antenne ; the lateral margins advanced anteriorly as far as the central point. Eyes distant from each other, and near the outer margin of the cephalon. Superior antenne broad at the base, and nearly half the length of the animal; first joint of the peduncle long-ovate, and armed with three strong spines on the inner side at the base; second joimt much narrower than, and not half the length of, the first ; third joint very small; flagellum nearly as long as the peduncle. Inferior antenn scarcely longer than the superior; second joint of the peduncle broader than Jong, internally having a tubercle. crowned with a short straight spine; third joint as broad as long, internally having a tubercle crowned with three spines; fourth joint reach- ing to the extremity of the second of the peduncle of the superior, as broad as the preceding, and anteriorly produced upon the inner side to a blunt process or tooth ; the internal margin of the joint is armed with stiff spines, which are directed laterally near the base, but gradually diverge until the anterior ones are pointed nearly straight forwards: the fifth joint is about half the length of the fourth, but much narrower; the flagellum is uniarticulate, and tipped with several small spines. The rest of the animal differs but slightly from that of C. longicorne. Length ;4,ths of an inch. 20 Hab. Plymouth (Mrs. Hudson); Yarmouth (Mr, Jeffreys); Cum- brae (Mr. Robertson). 282 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, For a long time I considered this species to be the female of C. longi- corne; but, until we have definite evidence as to their natural relation to each other, it had better be described as a separate species, par- ticularly as it appears to be more rare, and I have never received them from the same localities, 3. Corophium Bonellii. Corophium Bonellii, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p.885; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 67. ‘This species is smaller than C. longicorne, and is distinguished from it by the form of the third joint of the inferior antenne [ante- penultimate joint of the peduncle |, which presents no dental process at its extremity, and by the existence of two large spines at the inferior edge of the basal joint of the superior antenne. “ Hab. ——?”—WM.-Edwards. 4, Corophium contractum. Corophium contractum, Stimpson, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. May and June, 1855. « Antennee equal in length, which is one-fourth that of the body ; superior antenne with four-articulate flagella; inferior antennze very thick, with minute terminal articuli. Posterior pair of pereiopoda rather long, with long plumose sete along the edges of the basa. Colour yellowish. Eyes black. “ Length 1 of an inch. “ Hab. Japan.”—Stimpson. 5. Corophium Acherusicum. Corophium Acherusicum, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Scienze di Napoli, p. 178. “* Male——Superior antennee short and slender; inferior nearly as long as the animal, the penultimate joint of the peduncle having the inferior distal extremity armed with two or three curved spines. ** Female.-—Antennee shorter and unarmed. Second pair of gnatho- poda haying the dactylos bidentate. ** Length 2 lines. “ Hab. Naples.”’—Costa. 6. Corophium crassicorne. (Pirate XLVII. fig. 6.) Corophium crassicorne, Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamma. p. 15. pl. 1.£.2. ** Cephalon furnished with a more or less acute, small rostrum. Three _~"—S——sS——s—sannanWwr ee COROPIIID 2. 283 posterior segments of the pleon fused together (coalita), First pair of gnathopoda haying the dactylos longer than the palm of the propodos, and, in the second pair, armed with an acute tooth. First and second pairs of pereiopoda haying the dactyla equalling in length the carpi and propoda conjointly. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami oval. “Length about 4 millim. “ Hab. On the eastern shores of Sweden, from the most northerly point to Bohusia: rare.”—Bruzelius. 7. Corophium affine. Corophium affine, Bruzelius, Skand. Amph. Gamm. p. 17. “Cephalon having the anterior margin truncate, scarcely showing a rostrum. Three posterior segments of the pleon not fused together. First pair of gnathopoda having the dactylos longer than the palm of the propodos, and, in the second pair, armed with a tooth. First and second pairs of pereiopoda having the dactyla longer than the carpi and propoda conjointly. Posterior pair of pleopoda having the rami narrow, nearly linear. “ Length about 4 millim. « Hab. In the Gulf of Gullmarsfjorden, Bohusia: very rare.’’— Bruzelius. 8. Corophium? quadriceps. (Prare XLVII. fig. 7.) ey anne quadriceps, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 836. pl. 55. « Body depressed, linear ; head quadrate. Pleon posteriorly rounded. Antenne subequal: superior a little the smaller ; flagellum having four articuli; first joint of the peduncle longest: inferior rather stout, one-fourth as long as the body; penultimate joint of the peduncle longest ; the three articuli of the flagellum quite short and subequal. Gnatkopoda similar, the first pair the smaller. Third pair of pereiopoda shorter than the second, basos not seti- gerous ; fifth pair long and slender, basos setigerous on its posterior margin, sete rather long and plumose. “ Length nearly 1 line. “ Hab, Harbour of Rio Janeiro, near the city ; collected December 22, 1838.”—Dana. The doubt that is attached to the relation this species holds to the genus is dependent upon the form of the second pair of gna- thopoda. 284 AMPNHIPODA NORMALIA. 13. CLYDONTA. Clydonia, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 834. * Body elongate, somewhat depressed. Pleon six- to seven-articulate. Eyes small. The two antenne long-styliform, straight, consisting of a short basal joint and a long, rigid, subulate extremity, ob- soletely multiarticulate. Feet slender; six posterior long, fili- form ; fifth longest.”,—Dana. The author does not state which pair of antenne are absent. The superior pair are probably rudimentary. 1. Clydonia gracilis. (Prare XLVIL. fig. 8.) Clydonia gracilis, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 834. pl. 55. f. 6. “Two antenne about as long as the body, subulate. Eyes small, with nine lenses. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda terminating with slender rami; the antepenultimate and ultimate pairs longer than the penultimate, having a short acute branch [spine ?] near the middle. Third pair of pereiopoda as Iong as the body ; basos very long, minutely spinulose below: fifth pair less than half the length of the third. “ Length 3 lines. “« Hab. Atlantic Ocean, latitude 1° N., longitude 18° W. Collected October 31, 1838.”—Dana. 2. Clydonia longipes. (Puiare XLVIL. fig. 9.) Clydonia longipes, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 835. pl. 55. f. 7. “Similar to C. gracilis. The antenne nearly as long as the body, a little stouter than in C. gracilis, obsoletely multiarticulate. Fifth pair of pereiopoda more than half the length of the third. Two anterior segments of the pleon with the posterior angles acute, and not truncate. «Length 4 to 5 lines. “* Hab. Pacific Ocean, latitude 18°10’ S., longitude 126° W. Col- lected August 8, 1839.”—Dana. 14. ICILIUS. Teilius, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 844. “Body much compressed. Antenne elongate, and having long fla- gella; the inferior pair longest. Gnathopoda not prehensile, vergi- form and unguiculate. Posterior pairs of pleopoda furcate.’’— Dana. ee ee er ee CHELURID. 285 1. Icilius ellipticus. (Prare XLVII. fig. 10.) Icilius ellipticus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 844. pl. 56. f. 4. «‘ Cephalon short, broad, triangular, front and side angles obtuse. Pereion oval ; first segment narrow and very short. Pleon seven- jointed; three anterior segments at the middle of the posterior margin acutely prolonged. Eyes very remote. Antenne sub- terete: inferior longer than the body; flagellum about twice as long as the base, very slender: superior nearly half shorter ; flagellum not twice as long as the base. Gmnathopoda densely hirsute on the inner or anterior side of the last two or three joints. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda similar; the fifth much longer than the fourth. Telson small, ovate. ** Length 2 lines. *Balabac Passage, north of Borneo; brought up on corallines in 31 fathoms.”—Dana. Fam. 4. CHELURIDE. This family was founded by Professor Allman for the reception of a single species. The CurLurim™® are distinguished from the Coro- puiip& by the fusion together of several segments of the pleon, and by the abnormal character of the three posterior pairs of pleopoda of the only species known. 1. CHELURA. Chelura, Philippi, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1839. Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 361. pl. 13. Superior antenne haying a multiarticulate flagellum, and carrying a secondary appendage; inferior antennz much longer than the superior, very robust and powerful, having the flagellum with all the articuli fused together. Mandibles with an appendage ; max- illipeds unguiculate. Gnathopoda chelate, subequal. Pereiopoda short, subequal. Penultimate pair of pleopoda haying the peduncle developed into a squamose plate supporting two rami; ultimate pair unibranched. Telson single. 1. Chelura terebrans. (Prare XLVIII. fig. 1.) B.M. Chelura terebrans, Philippi, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1859. Allman, Ann. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 13. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc. Report, 1855. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 202. Gosse, Marine Zool. i. p. 138. f. 250. Nemertes neseeoides, White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847. Male.—Third segment of the pleon armed with a large centro-dorsal 286 AMPHTPODA NORMALIA. tooth. Eyes small, round, distant. Superior antenne scarcely longer than the peduncle of the inferior ; peduncle having the joints sub- equal; flagellum shorter than the peduncle, stout, having six articuli; secondary appendage slender, minute. Inferior antenne about half the length of the pereion, each succeeding joint of the peduncle increasing in length and diameter, furnished with long hairs ; flagellum long-elliptic, laterally compressed, thickly fringed with long hairs. First pair of gnathopoda chelate, having the carpus shorter than the propodos; propodos oblongo-quadrate, margins almost parallel, infero-anterior angle produced anteriorly to less than a right angle, palm straight ; dactylos capable of impinging at the apex only. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus longer than the propodos ; propodos not broader than the carpus, having the antero-inferior angle produced anteriorly to an acute angle, which, with the short curved dactylos, forms a perfect chela. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda haying the basa not broadly developed ; the mera broadly developed posteriorly ; pro- poda armed with short, strong spines on the anterior margin. First three pairs of pleopoda short, having their basal joints squamosely developed, and furnished with two hooked spines and a few plumose cilia; antepenultimate pair having the peduncle long and the rami short; penultimate pair having the peduncle developed into a broad squamose plate, the rami short, equal in length, but unequally broad; ultimate pair having the peduncle short and the ramus long. Telson pedunculated and broadly lanceolate. Female.—The large dorsal tooth upon the third segment of the pleon is much shorter than in the male, and straight. The peduncle of the penultimate pair of pleopoda has the squamose plate more quadrate, and the ramus of the posterior pair of pleopoda much shorter. Length of male 53,ths, of female ,8,ths of an inch. Hab. In submarine timber, being one of its most destructive agents. It is found associated with Limnoria lignorum, probably all round Europe. Plymouth (C.S. B.); Polperro (Mr. Loughrin); Falmouth (Rev. A. M. Norman); Dublin Bay (Messrs. Mullins, Ball, and Thomp- son); Ayrshire (Ardrossan) (Major Martin and Rev. A.M. Norman); Britain (Dr. Leach); Trieste (Prof. Philippi). ee WYPERID®. 287 Division HYPERINA. The antenne are more or less abnormal. The maxillipeds are imperfectly developed, and cover the oral appendages as an imperfect operculum. The gnathopoda are generally small and less powerful than the pereiopoda, and vary in the different families from quite simple to complexly chelate. The pereion has the segments separate, or one or more fused together. The pleon has the appendages upon the same type as in the Gasnarra, but their forms are more liable to generic variation. This division is synonymous with Milne-Edwards’s family of Hyrfrivfs, and also with Dana’s family of HyrenmeEa. It contains four families. Fam. 1. HYPERIDZ. The superior antenne are formed with a distinct peduncle and fla- gellum ; the former consists of three joints, the latter is variable. The inferior antennz consist of a peduncle and flagellum; the peduncle is five-jointed (?), the flagellum multiarticulate. Gnathopoda more or less complexly subchelate. Four anterior pairs of pereiopoda sub- equal, normal. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda normal ; three pos- terior pairs broad, flat, and biramous. This family is remarkable for its thin integument and freedom from hairs. 1. LESTRIGONUS. Lestrigonus, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat, xx. p. 392; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 81. Cephalon large, deeper than broad. Pereion short; segments sub- equal, three times as deep as long. Pleon longer than the pereion ; first three segments long and deep ; fifth very short. Eyes large, occupying the entire lateral walls of the cephalon. Antenne longer than the cephalon, subequal, having articulate flagella. Mandibles having an appendage. Gnathopoda completely sub- chelate. Pereiopoda subequal: Pleopoda biramous. ‘Telson squamiform, simple. 1. Lestrigonus exulans. (Prare XLVIII. fig. 2.) BM. Lestrigonus exulans, Kréyer, Grdnl. Am/fip. p. 68. f. 18. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 82. Cephalon transversely ovate ; antero-inferior margin slightly ex- cavated to receive the inferior antennz. Antenne reaching to about the third or fourth segment of the pereion: superior pair having the peduncle very short; second and third joints shorter than the 288 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. third; first articulus of the flagellum longer than the peduncle and as broad near the base, but gradually decreasing ; all the other articuli are short and slender, shorter than broad near the base, but slightly increasing until they are longer than broad towards the extremity. Inferior antenne a little shorter than the superior ; peduncle longer than that of the superior; the last joint is longer than the two preceding and terminates truncately, having the in- ferior distal margin anteriorly produced ; flagellum having the first articulus nearly as long as the last joint of the peduncle, com- mencing nearly as broad, but suddenly and immediately narrowing to half the diameter; all the other articuli are short and slender, commencing as broad as long, and gradually increasing in length until each articulus is nearly three times as long as broad. Man- dibles having a three-jointed naked appendage ; last joint longest. Gnathopoda subequal, small: first pair having the meros and carpus inferiorly produced and tipped with several stiff spines; propodos narrow, tapering, the inferior margin serrated, the serrature being formed by a series of teeth, each consisting of three, closely applied, and increasing in length anteriorly; dactylos slightly curved, sharp, and armed upon the inner side with a serrature similar to that on the inferior margin of the propodos, but less regular. Second pair of gnathopoda much resembling the first, but having the carpus a little more infero-anteriorly produced; the propodos slightly longer, and having the armature on the inferior margin less conspicuous, as also upon the dactylos. Pereiopoda subequal in size and length. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami subequal, nearly as long as the peduncle: penultimate pair shorter than the preceding, and not longer than the peduncle of the ultimate ; rami subequal, and as long as the peduncle: ultimate pair having the inner margin of the peduncle slightly serrated; rami sub- equal, half as long as the peduncle. Telson ovate, nearly half the length of the peduncle of the posterior pair of pleopoda. Length {4ths of an inch. Hab. Carrickfergus (Prof. Kinahan); Greenland (Kroyer). The antenne in the British specimen are slightly longer than those figured by Kréyer, and the inferior pair have the peduncle trun- cated instead of being slender and tapering to the flagellum ; but Kroyer’s figure not being carefully drawn, I am inclined to believe that they are the same species, and that these slight differences are owing to the inaccuracy of the artist. I am indebted to Professor Kinahan for this and the following species. HYPERID-E. 289 2. Lestrigonus Gaudichandii. (Prare XLVIII. fig. 3.) Hyperia Gaudichaudii, Zdwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 77. Cephalon transversely ovate. Superior antenne reaching to the fourth or fifth segment of the pereion ; first joint of the peduncle short, but longer than the second and third together ; first arti- culus of the flagellum twice as long as the peduncle, and tapering to the distal extremity, the other articuli of the flagellum being short—those near the base not longer than broad. Inferior an- tenn a little shorter than the superior; the peduncle concealed as far as the extremity of the fourth joint; fifth joint slightly curved, and reaching to the extremity of the peduncle of the superior antennie: first articulus of the fiagellum as long as the last joint of the peduncle ; the remaining articuli, being very short, resemble those of the superior antenne. First pair of gnathopoda small, having the carpus and meros but slightly produced in- feriorly, and the antero-inferior margin fringed with hairs ; pro- podos of the same length as the carpus, much narrower, and almost cylindrical ; dactylos very short—too short to antagonize with the produced extremity of the carpus. Second pair of gna- thopoda rather longer than the first, and having the carpus and meros more produced than those of the first; propodos scarcely longer than the carpus, not half its width, and having the supe- rior and inferior margins fringed with hairs; dactylos about half the length of the propodos, and capable of reaching the extremity of the produced carpus. Pereiopoda subequal and tolerably robust. Antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda short, sub- equal: ultimate pair longer, the peduncle extending to the ex- tremity of the preceding pair; rami half the length of the pe- duncle. Telson broadly lanceolate. Length }1ths of an inch. Hab, Chili (M. Gaudichaud). I have taken the description snd figure from a single specimen in the collection so courteously entrusted to me by Professor Milne- Edwards. It is labelled Hyperia Gaudichaudii, and not having seen any other specimen in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes, I assume this to be the type from which the author drew up the original description. It closely resembles LZ. eawlans, but may be at once recognized by the distinct armature on the propoda of the enathopoda, 3. Lestrigonus Kinahani, n.s. (Pruare XLVIII. fig. 4.) B.M. Antenne subequal, as long as the animal. Superior pair having the | g U 290 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. peduncle nearly as long as the cephalon ; first joint longer than the other two: first articulus of the flagellum longer than the peduncle, tapering, and fringed upon the inferior margin with fine hairs; the remaining articuli (after the two or three immediately succeeding the first) very long (many times longer than broad) and very slender. Inferior pair having only the last three joints of the peduncle exposed, reaching beyond the peduncle of the superior ; the last joint not having the infero-distal extremity produced ; first articulus of the flagellum suddenly and considerably narrowing to half the diameter, which is the same as that of the superior. The rest of the animal very closely resembles L. evulans, except in there being a less conspicuous inequality between the ultimate and two preceding pairs of pleopoda. Length ,8,ths of an inch. Hab. Carrickfergus (Professor Kinahan). 4. Lestrigonus rubescens. (Prare XLVIILI. fig. 5.) ja ae rubescens, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 984. pl. 67. 2. Cephalon transversely ovate, flattened in front. Antennze subequal : superior pair nearly as long as the animal, having the peduncle but half the length of the cephalon ; first articulus of the flagellum as long as the peduncle, tapering: inferior pair rather longer than the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus infe- riorly advanced to quite half the length of the propodos ; dactylos short: second pair closely resembling the first. Pereiopoda sub- equal; posterior pair having the basos nearly rectangular, the infero-posterior distal angle subacute. Penultimate pair of pleo- poda longer than the preceding and nearly as long as the ulti- mate; ultimate pair having the peduncle three times as long as the telson, and not serrated upon the interior distal margin. Telson lanceolate. Length ,%,ths of an inch. Hab. Peru (Professor Kinahan). Pacific Ocean, in lat. 18°S., long. 124° W. (Dana). The above description and figure are taken from a specimen col- lected and lent to me by Professor Kinahan. The difference between it and Professor Dana’s description is so slight that I cannot but regard them as the same species. Dana says that his specimens, of which he collected several, on the 7th of August, 1839, are only ith of an inch in length, and that the antenne are longer than the animal, HYPERID. 291 5. Lestrigonus Fabreii. (Prare XLVIII. fig. 6.) Lestrigonus Fabreii, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 82. pl. 30. f. 18. Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 985. pl. 67. f. 10. *“* Superior antenne longer than the body ; peduncle short and stout ; first joint large; second short; third* as long as the first, and tapering to the extremity, furnished upon the inferior margin with a fringe of fine hairs; the two succeeding articuli of the flagellum are very small; the rest (which are many) are nearly of the same length. Inferior antenne nearly of the same length as the su- perior ; peduncle large, conical, haying three joints exposed, and terminating in a long slender flagellum similar to that of the superior. Mandibular appendage small. First pair of gnathopoda very short and cylindrical? ; second pair of the same form as in Hyperia. Basa of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda large and lamellar. “ Length 5 lines. “ Hab. Taken by M. Fabre in the Indian Ocean.’’—Edwards. Sooloo Sea (Dana). 6. Lestrigonus ferus. (Pxiare XLVIII. fig. 7.) Lestrigonus ferus, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 982. pl. 67. £. 6. “Cephalon rounded in front, and hardly flattened. Pereion tumid ; anterior segments indistinct. Antenne about as long as the body ; upper a little the shorter. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal ; basa rounded at the apex; dactyla half as long as the carpi. “ Length 1th of an inch. “ Hab. Atlantic, in latitude 2°N. to 1°%., longitude 18° to 17° W. Collected on October 30th, also on November 3rd and 5th, 1838.” —Dana. 7. Lestrigonus fuscus. (Prare XLVIII. fig. 8.) Lestrigonus fuscus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 988. pl. 67. f. 8. *‘ Pereion seven-jointed ; first segment nearly concealed. Telson separated by a suture from, and half narrower than, the sixth seg- ment of the pleon. Superior antenne as long as the body: infe- * I take the part here called the third joint of the pedunc'e to be the same as that which, in other species, I have called the first articulus of the flagellum. The third joint of the peduncle is always, like the second, very short and imper- fectly visible. t+ Dana says that the three anterior segments of the pleon are coalesced together dorsally ; and that the gnathopoda are uniform, the carpus being produced to half the length of the propodos. v2 ~ 292 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. rior antenne one-fourth longer; inferior apex of basal portion acute. Basa of three posterior pairs of pereiopoda obtuse at apex; dactyla less than half the carpi in length: third pair of pereiopoda longer than the fourth or fifth. “Length 2 lines. “ Hab. Atlantic, in latitude 1°S., longitude 17° to 18° W. Collected on November 3rd and dth, 1838.”—Dana. 2. HYPERIA. Hyperia, Latreille, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 258, 1825. Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 387 ; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 74. Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 986. Metoechus, Krdyer, Grénl. Amfip. p. 60. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. ii. p. 78. Tauria, Dana, U. 8S. Explor. Exped. p. 988. Cephalon large, deeper than broad. Eyes large, occupying most of the lateral, and encroaching considerably upon the frontal walls of the cephalon. Antenne subequal, short. Gnathopoda subuni- form, complexly subchelate, having the carpi produced inferiorly, and forming a process to antagonize with the extremities of the dactyla. Pereiopoda subequal and moderately robust. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous. Telson squamiform. The separation of Hyperia from Lestrigonus is very doubtful, and depends only upon the length of the flagella of the antenne ; in each genus this is so variable, that it is difficult to say where Lestrigonus ends and Hyperia commences. In both genera the first articulus consists of several articuli, coalesced together. I have a strong suspicion that they will be found to be sexually rather than generi- cally distinct. They are frequently met with associated; and I am not aware that a single female of Lestrigonus has been recorded, while all the specimens of which I have been able to detect the sex in Hyperia have been females. The distinction between Tauria and Hyperia depends upon the opposite extreme of the development of the carpi of the gnathopoda as compared with that of Kréyer’s genus Metoechus, offering, te my mind, nothing more than a specific difference,—namely, in the latter the great, and in the former the small amount of development of the produced angles of the carpi of the gnathopoda. - 1. Hyperia galba. (Piare XLVIII. fig. 9.) B.M. Hyperia galba, Montagu, Tinn. Trans. xi. p. 4. pl. 2. f. 2. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 77. W. Thompson, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 244. White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847 & 1850; Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 206. Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 159. Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb, 1857. HYPERID®. 293 yee Latreillii, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 388. pl. 11; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 76, White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847 & 1850; Hist, Brit. Crust. p. 206. pl. 11. f. 3. | Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 139, f. 251. Metoechus Medusarum, White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 207. Cephalon transversely ovate. Pereion considerably inflated. Pleon much compressed, Eyes large, occupying all the antero-lateral portion of the cephalon. Superior antenne as long again as the cephalon, or as long as the cephalon is deep; peduncle about half the length of the cephalon, the first jomt being longer than the two succeeding; flagellum about three times as long as the peduncle, slightly tapering to the extremity, having the distal half exhibiting traces of imperfect annulation. Inferior antennz not quite so long as the superior ; peduncle longer than the peduncle of the superior, penultimate joint of the peduncle broader than the ultimate ; flagellum resembling that of the supe- ricr antennie, but not quite so long. First pair of gnathopoda having the inferior angle of the meros but slightly produced; the inferior angle of the carpus but little produced anteriorly, though somewhat deeply inferiorly, and having the margin furnished with strong stiff spines; propodos cylindrical, shorter than the carpus, but less stout, armed along the inferior margin with a few very minute but sharp denticles. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than the first, haying the inferior angles of both the meros and carpus more advanced anteriorly than those of the first pair, and armed with a few straight stiff spimes ; propodos as long as the carpus, but much more slender, unarmed along the inferior margin; dactylos short, slender, sharp. Pereiopoda subequal, tolerably robust. Peduncle of the posterior pair of pleopoda reaching to the apex of the rami of the preceding pair. Telson lanceolate. Length ,ths of an inch. Hab. Southern coast of Devonshire (Montagu); Dublin coast, in the pouches of Lthizostoma Cuviert (Hyndman*) ; Jersey (Parker) ; shores of France (W.-Hdwards). The young of this species have been figured by Mr. Gosse in his ‘ Naturalist’s Rambles in Devonshire ;’ they differ considerably from the parent in general appearance: the pereion is very broad, and not deep ; the pleon is narrow, and compressed against the pereion ; some of the appendages appear also to be wanting. I could only make out five pairs of poda, including the gnathopoda; and none of the pleopoda are developed. Mr. Gosse figures some as rudimentary, or * White’s Brit. Crust 294 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, in a budding state, and shows seven pairs of poda upon one side of the pereion. The animals on which I made my observations were taken from the incubatory pouch of the parent, but unfortunately were in a dried state when examined; those of Mr. Gosse must have been some hours or, perhaps, days old, since he captured them living as independent creatures. 2. Hyperia Cyanexz. (Pxrate XLVIII. fig. 10.) B.M. Talitrus Cyanez, Sabine, Appendix to Parry’s Voyage, pl. 1. f. 12-18. Hyperia Cyaneze, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 387, Metoechus Cyanez, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 78. White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847. Superior antenne very short; flagellum scarcely longer than the peduncle. Inferior antenne longer than the superior, having only the last joint of the peduncle exposed; flagellum uniarticulate, tapering to an acute point, the superior margin smooth, the infe- rior slightly serrated, and furnished with a single hair upon each denticulation. Gnathopoda subequal: first pair short, tolerably robust, having the meros infero-anteriorly produced and tipped with a few hairs; carpus inferiorly produced, but not projected anteriorly along the margin of the propodos; propodos subovate. the superior margin arcuate, the inferior straight ; dactylos short, straight: second pair scarcely differing from the first. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal and uniform: last three pairs longer than the two preceding, subequal and uniform, having the basa searcely dilated; propoda armed upon the anterior margin with short, obliquely pointed hairs; dactyla long, sharp, slightly curved, and furnished upon the inner side with a bunch of cilia near the centre. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal: antepenultimate pair having the peduncle reaching just beyond the extremity of the telson ; rami long, slender, smooth, and un- equal, the inner being longer than the outer, and reaching beyond the extremity of the peduncle of the last pair: penultimate pair short, its peduncle not reaching as far as that of the preceding pair; rami as long as those of the preceding pair, but not reaching as far, unequal, smooth: ultimate pair long; peduncle reaching as far as the extremity of the rami of the penultimate, and four times as long as the telson; rami slender, smooth, unequal, about half the length of the peduncle. Telson short, obtusely triangular. Length 3,ths of an inch. Hab. Baffin’s Bay (Captain Parry). The above description and figure are taken from one of the spe- cimens in the collection of the British Museum, presented by the HYPERID®. 295 original describer of the species, Colonel Sabine,—being, I believe, the identical specimens from which he drew up his description in the Appendix to ‘ Parry’s First Voyage.’ 3. Hyperia Medusarum. (Prare XLIX, fig, 1.) Oniseus Medusarum, O. Fabricius, Faun. Gronl. p. 355. Metoechus Medusarum, Kroyer, Grénl. Am/fip. p. 60. pl. 3. f. 15. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 78. White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847, Cephalon ovate, not much deeper than broad. Superior antennze not so long as the cephalon; first joint of the peduncle long, second and third rudimentary; flagellum three times as long as the peduncle, slender, tapering to an acute point, smooth, showing no traces of articulation. Inferior antenne not longer than the superior, last two joints only exposed; peduncle not reaching as far as the peduncle of the superior pair; flagellum about four times as long as that of the superior, fringed with a few distantly scattered cilia. First pair of gnathopoda short and robust, haying the meros inferiorly produced and tipped anteriorly with a few stiff hairs: carpus long, broad, and widening anteriorly, being inferiorly (but not anteriorly) produced along the inferior margin of the propodos; anterior margin fringed with a few stiff hairs: propodos not more than half the length of the carpus ; superior margin slightly arcuate, and fringed with four or five equi- distant hairs ; inferior margin straight, armed with several small denticles: dactylos about half the length of the propodos, slender and sharp. Second pair of gnathopoda haying the meros inferiorly produced and tipped with a few hairs; carpus infero-anteriorly produced to quite half the length of the propodos, having the margin fringed with stiff hairs; propodos slender, long, rather longer than the carpus, cylindrical, slightly curved, more so on the superior than on the inferior margin ; dactylos slender, sharp. Pereiopoda subequal. Penultimate pair of pleopoda shorter than the preceding or ultimate: ultimate pair having the peduncle as long again as the telson; rami about half the length of the pe- duncle, serrated. Telson broadly lanceolate. Length ,%ths of an inch. Hab, Greenland (Kroyer, Moller). The deseription and figure in this Catalogue are from specimens in the British Museum—some labelled ‘ Banks’s Museum,” and others stated to be from the collection of Dr. Moller ( White, 1. ¢.). I have no hesitation whatever in following the suggestion advaneed by Dana (U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 986). The development of the 296 AMPHIPODA NORMALTIA. inferior angle of the carpus is gradual in different species, from being only inferiorly, but not anteriorly, produced, to being antero- inferiorly produced to nearly the length of the propodos; so that Dana ‘doubted the propriety of sustaining the genus of Kroyer based on this distinction—that is, on having well-formed hands terminating the seeond pair of gnathopoda.” Assuming, of which I have little doubt, that this is the same species as that figured and described by Kréyer in his ‘ Grénlands Amfipoder,’ I am much inclined to consider it as a synonym of H. galba, the only difference between them being scarcely more than a variation, and consisting in the absence of any traces of articulation in the flagella, and in having the carpus of the second pair of gnathopoda a little more produced anteriorly. 4. Hyperia macrocephala. (Ptare XLIX. fig. 2.) Tauria macrocephala, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 988. pl. 68. f. 2. ** Cephalon very large, and nearly filled with the pigment of the eyes. Pereion short and stout: fourth coxa produced below and acute; first, second, and third truncate. Antenne short (hardly as long as half the height of the cephalon), subequal. subulate; ex- tremity multiarticulate. First pair of gnathopoda shortest, quite pubescent ; carpus broad, more than twice as long as the meros, and much longer than the propodos ; dactylos minute. Pereiopoda subequal and naked. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal ; the antepenultimate pair reaching very nearly to the apex of the ultimate; the penultimate pair reaching only to the apex of the base of the ultimate. “Length 9 lines. ‘Hab. Antarctic Seas. Taken from the cavity of a Medusa, near longitude 157° E., and latitude 66° S.”— Dana. 5. Hyperia agilis. (Prarr XLIX. fig. 3.) Hyperia agilis, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p- 986, pl. 67, f. 11. “Cephalon of moderate size; pigment of eyes much smaller than usual. Pereion long. All the cox short, truncate. Antennie rather long (half as long as the pereion), subequal : inferior slightly the longest, three-jointed, not terete ; last joint long and remotely hairy : superior five-jointed ; fourth joint stout, long, ciliate below ; the last minute. Gnathopoda subequal; coxe narrow. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda of moderate length; sete short and few. “Length 3-4 lines. ‘Hab. In the Pacific, in latitude 41° S., longitude 76° 25’ W. HYPERID.E. 297 Collected several specimens on April 5, 1839, some of which were in the water-cavity of Salpe, Also between New Zealand and New Holland.”—Dana. The above description so closely resembles that of Lestrigonus Gaudichaudii, that I should have united them, had not Dana de- scribed the flagella of this species as being uniarticulate. 6. Hyperia trigona. (Pare XLIX. fig. 4.) BM. Hyperia trigona, Dana, U. S. Explor, Exped. p. 987. pl. 67. f. 12. Cephalon ovate, not large. Superior antenne as long as the cephalon is deep, subulate. Inferior antenne “reaching nearly to the fourth segment of the pereion, very slender ; flagellum indistinetly arti- culated*.” Gnathopoda very short: first pair having the carpus scarcely produced inferiorly; propodos tapering; dactylos short: second pair haying the meros inferiorly produced ; carpus infero- anteriorly produced to two-thirds the length of the propodos ; dactylos short and straight. First two pairs of pereiopoda sub- equal, slender, having the carpi broad and setose ; three posterior pairs much longer than the two preceding, having the propoda very long, nearly half the length of the whole, anteriorly fringed with fine cilia, which in the third pair are long, thickly packed, and comb-like, but sparsely existing on the fourth and fifth pairs. Peduncle of the antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda reaching to half the length of that of the ultimate; rami of the penultimate pair unequal, and longer than those of the preceding pairs: ultimate pair having the peduncle three or four times as long as the telson ; rami unequal, slender, smooth, nearly one-half the length of the peduncle. Telson obtusely triangular, scarcely as long as broad. Length ,§,ths of an inch=‘ 6-8 lines” (Dana). Hab. Probably from Lagulhas Bank, near Cape Horn (Dana) ; Antarctic regions. _ The peculiar form of the pereion (which Dana says is “ very much compressed, the back rising to an edge’’) I attribute to accident, such as to pressure by the hand when first caught, since in every other respect the details of the specimens colleeted in the Antarctic expedition, and presented to the British Museum by the Admiralty, correspond exactly with Dana’s description and figure. No species in any genus of this family, that I am aware of, has a dorsal carina. * T have quoted the description of the inferior antennew from Dana, because the flagellum is wanting beyond the first long articulus in the specimen in the British Museum. 298 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 7. Hyperia oblivia, (Prare XLIX. fig. 5.) Hyperia oblivia, Kréyer, Grénl. Amfip. p. 70. pl. 4. f. 19. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 77. Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 206, Cephalon transversely ovate ; anterior margin flattened: pigment of the eyes oceupying only part of the anterior portion of the cephalon. Superior antenne as long as the cephalon, having the peduncle very short; flagellum broader at the base than the peduncle, tapering, subulate, sharp, uniarticulate, but showing incipient signs of articulation. Inferior antennse longer than the superior, slender ; peduncle short (two joints only exposed) ; flagellum long, having the first articulus as long as the three others. Gnathopoda subequal, short: first pair the shorter, cylindrical, robust ; carpus scarcely produced inferiorly ; propodos not so long as the carpus, superior margin arcuate, inferior margin straight, serrated an- teriorly with a row of small denticles; dactylos short, obtuse: second pair having the carpus slightly produced inferiorly, but not anteriorly, and fringed with a few hairs; propodos as long as the carpus, but not so stout; dactylos half the length of the - propodos, arcuate, sharp. First two pairs of pereiopoda long, much longer than the gnathopoda, haying the carpi posteriorly dilated and fringed with a few hairs; propoda slightly arcuate, longer than the carpi, cylindrical ; dactyla long and sharp. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda subequal: third pair longest, having the basos not dilated; carpus long ; propodos nearly twice as long as the carpus, slender anteriorly, fringed with a comb-like row of cilia; dactylos long, slightly curved, sharp: the fourth pair re- sembles, but is slightly shorter than, the third; and the fifth pair is still a little shorter than the fourth. Posterior pair of pleopoda longer than the preceding, and having the margins of the rami serrated. Telson lanceolate. The colour, as well as could be recognized from a dead specimen, is corneous, with some black stellate markings on the dorsal surface of the pereion. Length ;4,ths of an inch. Hab. Greenland (Kréyer, Edwards); Moray Frith (Rev. @. Gordon). 8. Hyperia pupa. Hyperia pupa, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Se. di Napoli, 1858, p- 178. “‘ Having the first, second, and third pairs of pereiopcda gradually increasing in length, fourth and fifth decreasing. Penultimate pair HYPERIDA, 299 of pleopoda shorter than the antepenultimate : ultimate having the peduncle very short ; rami very unequal, the inner one being the larger, the outer one the longer and narrower. * Length 3} lines. *« Hab, Coast of Naples.”’—Costa. This is very like H. oblivia. 9. Hyperia Lesueurii. Hyperia Suerii, Zatreille, Encycl. Méthod. ix. t. 328. f. 17, 18 (1824). Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 258. Hyperia Lesueurii, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 77. “ Four antenne setaceous. Pereiopoda terminated by a simple pointed joint. Cephalon rather small, round, flat in front, not prolonged into a rostrum. Body conical, terminated by two tri- angular, elongate, horizontal lamelle.”—Desmarest. I regret not haying had the opportunity of studying the descrip- tion of Latreille in the work above quoted, the more especially since it is that of the type on which the genus was founded. The descrip- tion given by Desmarest, for which he expresses his obligation to Latreille, is so imperfect that it will do for any species of the genus, except for the fact that the telson in H. Lesuewrii consists of two triangular, elongate, horizontal lamelle—a characteristic that, to say the least, is doubtful, as there is no genus in the family so distinguished. Desmarest gives the scientific name as H. Suerii, Latr.; but since the popular one is Hypérie de Lesueur, I have considered it a typo- graphical error and followed M.-Edwards. 3. VIBILIA. Vibilia, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 386; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 72. Lanceola, Say, Proc. Acad. Philad. p. 317. Cephalon small. Pereion smooth, not distended. Eyes small. An- tenn subequal: superior pair terminating in a uniarticulated flagellum: inferior pair slighter than the superior, terminating in a multiarticulate flagellum. First pair of gnathopoda cylindrical, having the inferior angle of the carpus but little, if at all, pro- duced: second pair having the inferior angle of the meros and carpus considerably produced anteriorly. First two pairs of pereiopoda tolerably long, subequal; third and fourth pairs much longer than the preceding and subequal ; fifth pair very short. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda unequal, the last pair 300 AMPIITPODA NORMALIA. having the peduncle long and the rami short and flat. Telson single. I have retained the name given to this genus by M.-Edwards in consequence of the obscurity of Say’s description, which, however, has priority of date. 1. Vibilia Edwardsii, n.sp. (Puiarr XLIX. fig. 6; fig. 7, young.) Female.—KEyes long-oval. Superior antenne very stout ; second and third joints smaller than the first : flagellum flattened ; upper mar- gin thick, fringed with a row of equidistant, short, fine hairs ; apex obtusely pointed ; anterior margin oblique, fringed with a thick row of short incipient spines (microscopic). Inferior antennz shorter than the superior, having a flagellum consisting of seven articuli —one long, four short, one a little longer, and a minute terminal one. First pair of gnathopoda having the meros inferiorly pro- duced and armed with a few subulate spines; carpus stout, the inferior margin carrying a few serrated subulate spines ; propodos not so robust as the carpus, having the inferior margin furnished with a row of short stiff hairs of equal length ; dactylos short, stout, and serrated upon the inner margin. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than the first, having the meros considerably produced anteriorly below and tipped with a few stiff serrated spines ; carpus long, not broader than the meros, inferiorly produced an- teriorly to a sharp point reaching to half the length of the pro- podos, and serrated upon the inner margin ; propodos half the breadth of the carpus and serrated along the inferior margin ; dactylos straight, acute, and serrated upon the inner margin. First two pairs of pereiopoda uniform, tolerably robust, much longer than the gnathopoda, having the carpi rather shorter than the mera; propoda longer than the carpi, armed upon the inner margin with distant spinules; dactyla arcuate, sharp: third and fourth pairs uniform, having the basa dilated, long-ovate ; mera and carpi robust, subequal, the latter furnished upon the inner distal angle with two long straight spines and a few short, straight marginal cilia; propoda nearly as long as the two pre- ceding joints, slender, margins parallel, shghtly arcuate, fringed upon the inner margin with minute distant cia; dactyla long, pointed, and slightly bent: fifth pair not reaching further than the extremity of the meros of the preceding pair of pereiopoda ; basos searcely longer than the coxa; ischium short, meros rather longer, carpus still longer, propodos still more so, and dactylos about the same length as the propodos. Ultimate pair of pleopoda having NHYPERID.E, 301 the peduncle as long again as the telson; rami half the length of the peduncle, having the margins minutely serrated: penultimate pair not reaching beyond the extremity of the peduncle of the last pair ; rami coarsely serrated, the denticles upon the inner margins minutely serrated: antepenultimate pair reaching a little beyond the penultimate ; rami having the margins serrated. Telson lan- ceolate. Length ? of an inch. Hab. Near the Powel Islands ; Expédition de la Zélée (MS. label). I have dedicated this species to the founder of the genus, to whose courtesy and kindness I am indebted for an examination of the specimens in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. I was not only permitted to break open the secured covers to the bottles, for the purpose of a closer examination of the typical species, but was en- trusted with a valuable collection of unnamed specimens to bring to England for more convenient study. It was amongst these latter that I obtained the one I have now described, and named in honour of M. Milne-Edwards, the Professor of Entomology in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. I have therefore been enabled to describe the animal in more minute detail than I otherwise could. More- over I found within the incubatory pouch many young animals, having apparently just quitted the eggs; they were very small— about =),th of an inch in length. The observation of a considerable number has enabled me to state the following curious facts, which must have some influence in the classification of this division of the AMPHIPODA. Young.—The eyes are small, round, and not very distant. The superior antenne, instead of being like those of the adult, are formed of seven articulations, taking the first three joints to be the peduncle: the first is moderately long ; the second about half the length of the first; the third about half that of the second and narrower also; while those that form the flagellum consist of four that gradually diminish in length and diameter to the apex, which is tipped with four robust hairs. The inferior pair of an- ‘ tenn are very minute indeed, and consist of a single joint, longer than broad and tipped with two hairs: this is situated be- hind and beneath the superior. The appendages of the mouth are very immature. The gnathopoda are imperfectly developed; all the joints but the last three are subequal and nearly as broad as long; the last is much narrower, cylindrical, straight, and obtuse. The first two pairs of pereiopoda are uniform ; the carpus is slightly more robust than the propodos, gradually tapering to the extre- mity, which is posteriorly tipped with a single stiff spine on each side of the articulation with the dactylos ; dactylos short, sharp, and 302 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. slightly curved: the third pair of pereiopoda are not longer than the preceding, but have the inferior distal angle produced to a sharp process reaching to about one-third the length of the propodos ; the propodos is longer than the carpus, having the inferior margin hollowed, therefore presenting two margins, each of which is pro- duced anteriorly to a sharp point, between which the dactylos falls in closing on the propodos ; dactylos terminating in a hook-shaped sharp unguis: the fourth pair of pereiopoda resemble the pre- ceding, except in being slightly longer; the carpus has the infe- rior angle considerably more produced and more slender, waved also; the propodos is long and narrow; the dactylos, which closes between the teeth-like process at the inferior extremity of the propodos, terminates in a hook-shaped unguis: the fifth pair are not very distinct at their junction with the body, they are short, reaching to about half the length of the preceding, having the joints subequal, terminating obtusely, and furnished with a subapical spinule and spine tipped with a rudimentary unguis: this spine probably corresponds with the inferior distal carpal process of the two preceding pairs of pereiopoda, the propodos being imperfectly developed and the dactylos absent. Only two, or at most three, pairs of pleopoda are developed (and these in a very rudimentary stage), consisting of a peduncle and two terminal processes, the rudiments of the future rami. The telson is very large, being nearly as broad as the rest of the posterior portion of the animal, and terminating round and smooth. The following are points of interest: —The superior pair of antennse assume a more developed condition in the larva than in the adult, while the converse is the case with the inferior pair. The gnatho- poda are almost embryonic, exhibiting no trace of their future im- portant character. The first two pairs of pereiopoda bear no incon- siderable resemblance to those of the adult animal; whilst the two next vary from the type in the adult altogether, assuming a form that corresponds more nearly with those of Phronima. 2. Vibilia affinis. (Pratn XLIX. fig. 8.) Vibilia affinis, ZS. Cat. Musée Jardin des Plantes. Cephalon as long as deep. Eyes small. Superior antennz longer than the cephalon ; peduncle about half the length of the cephalon, first joint as long as the two succeeding joints ; flagellum three times as long as the peduncle, lanceolate, acute. Inferior antenne slender, not longer than the superior, reaching to about the third segment of the pereion. Gnathopoda short, small, slender; second pair having the carpus inferiorly produced. First two pairs of pereio- HYPERID.&. 303 poda subequal; third and fourth pairs subequal; fifth pair short. Ultimate pair of pleopoda not reaching beyond the two preceding pairs. Telson squamiform, small. Length ,},ths of an inch. Hab. Java. The figure and description of this species are taken from the speci- men in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. 3. Vibilia Peronii. Vibilia Peronii, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 386. “Superior antenne formed of three joints, of which the first two [peduncle] are very short, and the last [flagellum] very long, consisting of a thick oval lamella, rounded at the apex, having the inner margin hollowed, and furnished with some hairs and a few spines. Inferior antenne cylindrical, and formed of several joints, of which the distal are very small. Eyes large and oval. Basos of each pair of poda except the last nearly cylindrical, but that of the last pair of pereiopoda flat and oval. ‘Length about 4 lines. “ Hab. Seas of Asia.” —M.-Edwards. ~ 4, Vibilia Jeangerardii. (Prarr XLIX. fig. 9.) Vibilia Jeangerardii, Lucas, Algérie, f. 4. Cephalon nearly as long as broad ; dorsal surface anteriorly produced. Eyes moderately large. Superior pair of antenne longer than the cephalon ; first joint of the peduncle scarcely reaching beyond the upper margin of the cephalon, second and third minute ; flagellum long, broad, and obtusely pointed, increasing inferiorly in diameter towards the apex. Inferior pair of antennz shorter than the su- perior and slender. Second pair of gnathopoda having the meros and carpus infero-anteriorly produced. First two pairs of pereio- poda subequal ; third and fourth pairs longer, subequal; fifth pair scarcely half the length of the preceding, Posterior pair of pleo- poda reaching but little beyond the extremity of the antepenulti- mate pair; penultimate scarcely reaching beyond the extremity of the peduncle of the ultimate pair. Telson squamiform, half as long as the peduncle of the last pair of pleopoda. Length ? of an inch. Hab. Mediterranean (Lucas). The above description and figure are taken from the figure given by M. Lucas in the work cited. 304 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 5. Vibilia speciosa. i Vibilia speciosa, Costa, Rend. della Reale Accad. delle Sci. di Napoli, 1853, p. 178. «“ With the back arched. Cephalon slightly triangularly produced in front. First segment of the pereion short. Superior antenne as long as the cephalon and first segment of the pereion ; peduncle short ; flagellum lanceolate, sides incurved, unarmed. Inferior antennex slender, filiform, and shorter than the superior. “Length 34 lines. ““ Hab. Coast of Naples.’’—Costa. 6. Vibilia pelagica. Lanceola pelagica, Say, Proc. Acad. Philad. i. p. 317. Hyperia pelagica, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 887; Hist. des ‘rust. i. p. 77. Cephalon short, transverse, superiorly produced anteriorly to an acute angle; frontal margin concave. Pereion oval, convex above and beneath, imbricated; first segment shortest; second and third longest, equal. Pleon abruptly narrower than the pereion. Eyes longitudinal, opposite to the base of the superior antennee. Superior antennz short, compressed, reaching to the extremity of the pe- duncle of the inferior pair; peduncle robust, concealed; flagellum not articulated, limear, compressed, obtuse. Inferior antenns more than half the length of the pereion; peduncle short; flagellum not articulated. Mandibles having an appendage*. Gnathopoda short, compressed ; first pair the shorter, having the coxa produced anteriorly. Pereiopoda cylindrical; first and second pairs sub- equal; third pair longest; fourth pair longer than the pereion ; fifth not longer than the first and second. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda consisting of a foliaceous linear peduncle supporting two acute, lanceolate, subequal rami; antepenultimate and penul- timate pairs equal; ultimate pair rather shorter. Telson attenu- ate.—(Conrdensed from Say.) Length 11 inch. Hab. Gulf Stream. 7. Vibilia depilis. (Prare XLIX. fig. 10.) Thaumalia depilis, Zempleton, Trans. Ent. Soc. i. p. 186. pl. 20. f. 2. “Cephalon anteriorly produced over the first joint of the peduncle of * « Antenneform processes.” This term, which Say frequently uses in his descriptions, I consider to refer to the mandibular appendages that are frequently seen projecting, like a third and smaller pair of antenne, between or beneath the others. HYPERID. 305 the superior antenne. Eyes deeply imbedded, roundish. Supe- rior antenne short, tumid; peduncle short ; flagellum uniarticulate, spindle-shaped, Inferior antennz posterior to the superior, being also slighter and shorter ; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Gnathopoda styliform. Pereiopoda terminating in a sharp, straight dactylos. Three anterior pairs of pleopoda, like all the rest of the animal, without hairs; three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous, styliform. Colour hyaline, with a few dark specks, especially along the inferior edges of the segments of the pleon. . “ Length 1th of an inch. “ Hab. Mauritius, or on the way from Europe.”’—Templeton. Mr. Templeton thinks this species may be Erythrocephalus melan- ophthalmus of Tilesius (Neue Ann. Wetterauisch. i. p. 6. pl. 21 a. f. 5), and states his inability to allot this animal to its proper place in the order; but I have little doubt that his figure is an imperfect representation of Vibilia, and probably the young of some known species. 4. CYLLOPUS. Cyllopus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 990. Cephalon transversely ovate. Eyes filling the entire cephalon. An- tenne distant: superior pair near the dorsal surface, having the flagellum uniarticulate, tapering to a point: inferior pair near the oral surface, slender, haying the flagellum more or less articulated. Fifth pair of pereiopoda rudimentary. This genus, with the exception of the above-enumerated points, bears a near resemblance to Vibilia; but these differences are sufli- ciently important to separate the genera from each other. Had they been found associated, they might have been supposed to be sexually related, 1. Cyllopus Magvilanicus. (Prare L. fig. 1.) BM. hd Magellanicus, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 990, pl. 68. gon. Cephalon nearly round. Eyes large; pigment black, almost filling the entire cephalon. Superior antenne longer than the cephalon ; peduncle short; flagellum tapering to a sharp point. Inferior antennz longer than the superior, very slender. Mandible having an appendage, of which the second joint is the longest. First pair of gnathopoda not having the inferior margin of the carpus pro- duced; propodos minutely serrated; dactylos straight, minutely serrated. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus infero- x 306 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. anteriorly produced to a point and minutely serrated; propodos having the margins parallel, the inferior being serrated anteriorly with a row of triple-pointed teeth ; dactylos short, thick, sharp, and serrated upon the inner margin, First two pairs of pereio- poda subequal, longer than the gnathopoda; basa not dilated ; propoda longer than the carpi, and armed with short stiff spines upon the flexible margin; dactyla short. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda much longer than the two preceding pairs, having the basa posteriorly dilated ; ischia and carpi subequal ; propoda longer -than the carpi, capable of being reflexed, and armed with short stiff spines along the flexible margin. Fifth pair of pereiopoda short, scarcely reaching to the extremity of the basos of the preceding pair, having the basos posteriorly dilated and nearly as large as that of the preceding pair; the other joints almost rudimentary. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda reaching as far as the extremity of the ultimate pair; rami as long as the peduncle, minutely serrated on both sides: penultimate pair shorter than the preceding, having the rami longer than the peduncle and serrated on both sides: ultimate pair having the peduncle reaching to the extremity of the rami of the preceding pair, and having the rami scarcely one-fourth of the length of the peduncle, short, lanceolate, smooth. Telson small, cylindrical. The colour of the animal, as well as can be judged from specimens long pre- served in spirits, must be very black, since it is thickly covered with coarse stellate spots of black pigment. Length ,§ths of an inch=“ 4 lines” (Dana). Hab. 8. Atlantic, 37° 26'S. lat., 7° 44’ W. long.(B.M.). “ Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego, on Fucus, Feb. 18, 1859” (Dana). The description and figure are taken from specimens preserved in the British Museum, 2. Cyllopus Lucasii, n.s. (Pxarte L. fig. 2.) Cephalon slightly produced above and between the superior antenne. Superior antenne tapering to a down-curved point. Inferior an- tenn reaching to nearly three-fourths the length of the superior: flagellum consisting of four articuli ; first long, second half as long, third longer than first; terminal short and pointed, furnished in- feriorly with a few hairs. First pair of gnathopoda robust; carpus very broad, infero-anteriorly produced to one-third the length of the propodos, inferior and anterior margins deeply serrated ; pro- podos long-ovate, inferior margin deeply serrated; dactylos pointed, slightly curved downwards, inferior margin serrated. HYPERID. 307 Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus inferiorly produced in a straight line to half the length of the propodos, inferior mar- gin smooth ; propodos straight, slightly narrowing distally, inferior margin serrated, the serratures increasing in depth anteriorly ; dactylos stout, sharp. First pair of pereiopoda twice the length of the gnathopoda, having the carpus broad, with the infero-anterior margin oblique and serrated; propodos not longer than the car- pus, having the inferior margin serrated, and capable of being inflected against the carpus; dactylos subulate, serrated on the posterior margin towards the articular extremity. Second pair of pereiopoda uniform with the first; third pair considerably longer, having the basos dilated, the meros and carpus subequal,— the meros with the anterior margin fringed with a few distant hairs, the carpus with the anterior margin furnished with a row of close cilia of equal length and a few distant hairs, infero-anterior mar- gin oblique; propodos slightly arcuate, margins parallel, anterior serrated and furnished with a few distant hairs ; dactylos slender, smooth, sharp: the fourth pair resemble the third, except that they are slightly longer: fifth pair rudimentary, not reaching beyond the distal extremity of the basos of the fourth pair; basos broadly dilated, posteriorly emarginate ; dactylos as long as the propodos, terminating obtusely, being as broad as at the base. Ultimate pair of pleopoda having the peduncle nearly five times as long as the telson ; rami about half as long as the peduncle, having the inner branch coarsely, and the outer minutely serrated upon the inner side, except towards the extremity, where it is more coarsely serrated on each margin: penultimate pair having the peduncle not reaching beyond the last segment of the pleon, whilst the rami reach to the extremity of the peduncle of the ultimate pair, the inner branch being coarsely serrated upon the outer and on the distal extremity of the inner margin, and each denticle being mi- nutely serrated along the outer line: antepenultimate pair having the peduncle reaching as fur again as that of the penultimate, the rami reaching beyond the extremity of the peduncle of the ulti- mate, and serrated like those of the penultimate pair. Telson small, lanceolate. Length }4ths of an inch. Hab. The Powel Islands (A/S. /hel on bottle). The animal from which the description and figure are taken is one of the collection entrusted to me, and belonging to the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. It is named in compliment to M. Lucas, the accomplished naturalist of the expedition to Algeria. x2 =~ 308 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 3. Cyllopus Dana, n.s. (Prater L. fig. 3.) Resembles C. Zucasii, except in the following details :—Superior antenne with the flagellum terminating in a minute articulus. Inferior antenne having the flagellum with one long and two short terminal articuli. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus not produced anteriorly beneath, smooth ; propodos unarmed, as also the dactylos: second pair having the carpus antero-inferiorly produced, minutely serrated upon the inferior margin ; propodos minutely serrated along the inferior margin; dactylos scarcely serrated. First and second pairs of pereiopoda uniform, having the carpi unarmed ; propoda slightly serrated upon the anterior mar- gin towards the distal extremity: fifth pair having the posterior margin of the basos not emarginate. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda imperfectly serrated. Length }ths of an inch. Hab. Near the Powel Islands (MS. label on bottle). This specimen, which I obtained from the same bottle as C. Lucas, differs chiefly in having a less perfect armature generally; the ser- rated character being reduced, or sometimes wanting, in different parts of the body. It is named in compliment to the founder of the genus. 5. TYRO. Tyro, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 80. “Resembles Hyperia generally, but has the cephalon anteriorly truncated. Superior antennz longer than the body and composed of two joints, the peduncular one short, the other styliform, stout, and excessively long. Inferior antennze short, almost rudimentary. Gnathopoda not subchelate. Pereiopoda unequal: third pair longest, very strong, and having the propodos and dactylos fili- form ; fifth pair very small, and so slight that they appear not to be adapted for locomotion. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda very narrow, and not presenting at their extremities two distinct rami.” —WM.-Edwards. 1. Tyro cornigera. Tyro cornigera, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 80. Hyperia cornigera, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 887. ‘«« Supero-anterior margin of the cephalon furnished with two little obtuse divergent crests. Superior antennz sparsely ciliated upon the internal border. Inferior antenne rudimentary in the female, but in the male composed of four joints, of which the last two are the longest. First pair of gnathopoda tolerably robust; earpus MYPERID.2. 309 and propodos rather elongated ; dactylos nearly filiform. Dactyla of the first and second pairs of pereiopoda tolerably robust ; basos of the third pair of pereiopoda dentated upon the posterior border and armed with a stout tooth at the infero-anterior angle. * Hab, Atlantic Ocean (M, Raynaud),.”—M.- Edwards. 6. DAIRINIA. Daira, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 392; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 83. Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 997. Dairinia, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 1442*. “Resembles Hyperia. Superior antennee wanting. Inferior antenne short, resembling those of Hyperia. First segment of the pereion extremely narrow and almost entirely hid by the second. Second pair of gnathopoda complexly subchelatet; caérpus inferiorly produced nearly to the extremity of the propodos ; dactylos short and curved.”—M.- Edwards. 1. Dairinia Gabertii. Daira Gabertii, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 393. “Cephalon very large, less raised than the pereion, and almost entirely occupied by the eyes. Antenne very short and subulate. Pereion not inflated as in Hyperia, but diminishing gradually in size posteriorly. Gnathopoda very small, compressed, and nearly of the same form; the inferior angle of the carpus less developed in the first than in the second pair. First and second pairs of pereiopoda longest. Peduncle of the first three pairs of pleopoda longer and more slender than in Hyperia, and their terminal rami nearly linear; the three posterior pairs of pleopoda having the rami long and pointed. “ Length about 4 lines. “* Hab, Found in the Indian Ocean by the officers of ‘La Chevrette’.” —WM.-Edwards. 2. Dairinia debilis. (Puare L. fig. 4.) Daira? debilis, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 991. pl. 68. f. 3. ‘** Cephalon in the profile a little oblong and subtriangular, obtuse in front, nearly filled with the pigment of the eyes. Pereion highest * Dana has changed the name of this genus from Daira to Dairinia, in con- sequence of the former name haying been previously employed. ft “ Enfin les pattes de la seconde paire se terminent par une espéce de main didactyle, dont le doigt mobile (propodos) dépasse un peu le doigt iminobile (inferior angle of the carpus), et est armé au bout d’un ongle (dactylos) crochu et mobile.”’"— M.-Edwards’s Hist. des Crust. 310 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, at the middle. Antenne inserted in lower side of cephalon, short, five- to seven-jointed, joints all short. Gnathopoda quite small ; carpus of second pair not oblong, finely serrulate below, lower apex produced and triangular, acute; meros hardly smaller and not transverse; propodos on the inner side minutely setulose. First and second pairs of pereiopoda subequal, scarcely shorter than the following pairs; third and fourth pairs subequal; fifth pair very short, the coxa of moderate size, the following part but slightly longer. « Length 3 lines. “Hab. In the Pacific, latitude 2°S., longitude 175° W. Collected March 30th, 1841, attached to Medusee.”’—Dana. 3., Dairinia depressa. (Pxate L. fig. 5.) Daira ? depressa, Dana, U. S, Explor. Exped. p. 992. pl. 68. f. 4. ‘« Body depressed, broad. Cephalon seen in profile, or from above, transversely hemispherical. Segments of pereion subequal. An- tenne very small, four-jointed, third joint longer than second. Gnathopoda nearly naked, small ; carpus of second pair transverse, serrulate below, nearly square, with the lower angle triangularly prolonged; anterior margin entire. First and second pairs of pereiopoda long, subequal; third and fourth pairs subequal, basa broad; fifth pair small, basos short and very narrow, the follow- ing part minute (half shorter than the basos). ‘“‘ Length 3 lines. “ Hab. Fifteen miles west of Savaii, one of the Samoan Group, March 5th, 1841.”—Dana. 4, Dairinia inequipes. (Prave L. fig. 6.) Daira? inzequipes, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 993. pl. 68. f. 5. ‘Cephalon subrotund. Pereion seven-jointed, first segment shortest. Antenne small, five-jointed, upper side sparingly and very short setulose. Gnathopoda quite small; carpus of second pair sub- triangular, inferior angle triangular, acutely serrate within and without. First and second pairs of pereiopoda a little larger than the gnathopoda, slender; third pair rather long; fourth much shorter, basos broad elliptical, the remaining part but little longer than the basos; fifth pair small, the basos much smaller than that of the preceding pair, and the following part shorter than the basos. ‘Length 2 lines. “ Hab. Off south end of Mindoro, January 24, 1842.”—Dana. HYPERID.2. 311 7. CYSTOSOMA. Cystosoma, Guérin-Méneville, Revue Zoologique, i. p. 214, July 1842 (not Westwood). Cephalon large, anteriorly depressed. Eyes occupying nearly the entire cephalon. Superior antenne absent. Inferior antenni short, slender. Gnathopoda small, having the carpi inferiorly produced. First pair of pereiopoda much longer than the gnatho- poda; second pair longer than the first; third pair much longer than the second; fourth pair shorter than the third, and fifth pair much shorter than the fourth. Three posterior pairs of pleo- poda long, slender, terminating in short lanceolate rami. Telson single, squamose. 1. Cystosoma Neptuni. (Puare L. fig. 7.) Cystosoma Neptuni, Guérin-Meéneville, Revue Zoologique, July 1842. Cephalon having the anterior margin furnished with a submarginal row of minute denticles. Pereion and pleon corrugated and im- bricated. Gnathopoda very minute, subequal. First pair of pereiopoda very slender, nearly four times as long as the gnatho- poda, having the basos posteriorly serrated, as.also the posterior margin of the meros and carpus; propodos as long as the carpus, but not so stout, unarmed; dactylos short: second pair like the first, but longer; third pair very long, having the anterior margin of the basos serrated; meros and carpus continuous, straight, having the anterior margin serrated; propodos much narrower than the carpus, straight, unarmed; dactylos minute: fourth pair like the third, but shorter: fifth like the preceding, but much shorter, and not so distinctly serrated. Pleopoda long, slender, reaching to about the same length ; rami short, lanceolate. Telson narrow, tapering, sharp, nearly as long as the peduncle of the ultimate pair of pleopoda. Length 33 inches. Hab. Indian Ocean (Guérin-Méneville). 8. THEMISTO. Themisto, Guérin-Meéneville, Mém. de la Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv., 1828. Edwards, Ann, des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 893; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 84. Cephalon transversely ovate. Pereion not largely distended. Pleon slender. Eyes occupying the entire cephalon, dorsally separated. Antenne subequal, as long as the cephalon is deep; superior pair having the flagellum not articulated; inferior pair having the 312 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. flagellum more or less articulated. Mandible having an append- age. First pair of gnathopoda short, tolerably robust ; carpus not having the anterior margin inferiorly produced ; second pair having the carpus on the inferior angle anteriorly produced. First pair of pereiopoda having the carpus dilated; propodos narrow, and capable of being inflected against the carpus: second pair like the first: third pair twice the length of the second; carpus very long; propodos longer than the carpus, fringed along the anterior margin with a comb-like series of teeth, and capable of impinging against the anterior margin of the carpus: fourth and fifth pairs subequal, of the same form as the third, but not more than half the length. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda subequal, the last beng the longest ; rami double, lanceolate. Telson small, squamose. Dana has placed this genus among the Purostninm, or second division of Puronru1p®, in his arrangement. It appears to me that the progression is so gradual from those species of Hyperia in which the pereiopoda are of equal length, through those which are un- equal, as in Hyperia oblivia, to ene genera Vibilia, Cyllopus, and Themisto, that no natural division exists where any separation can be made with advantage, or without infringing upon other characters of more importance. 1, Themisto antarctica. (Pxare L. fig. 8.) Themisto antarctica, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 1005. pl. 69. f. 1. Eyes reddish. Superior pair of antenne having the peduncle very short, the second joint being covered by the first ; peduncle uniarticulate, tapering to a point which is curved, like a strong hook ; posterior portion of the inferior margin furnished with a longitudinal row of small teeth or tubercles, the immer margin furnished near the centre with a longitudinal row of long thick hairs; the superior margin near the apex slightly villose. Inferior antennze about half as long again as the superior, and furnished with a flagellum that is formed of one long and seven short articuli. First pair of gnathopoda very short and robust, having the carpus broad; the propodos about half the breadth of the carpus, the anterior portion furnished with a few short stiff cilia, and a denticle which corresponds to the extremity of the dactylos when shut against the propodos. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus infero-anteriorly produced nearly to the extremity of the propodos, with the inferior margin furnished with a few hairs ; propodos tapering to the extremity, and furnished with a few hairs on the superior margin; dactylos short and straight. First pair of pereiopoda three or four times as long as the gnatho- poda, having the meros short, triangular; carpus broadly ovate, HYPERID®. 313 the infero-anterior margin oblique, waved, and furnished with strong hairs; propodos about half the length of the carpus, arcuate, inner margin double, the most prominent, and fringed with closely set, straight, minute cilia, the outer with many equidistant, long, straight hairs ; dactylos subulate. Second pair of pereiopoda re- sembling the first, but having the carpus slightly larger: third pair of pereiopoda twice as long as the first two; basos stout, posterior and anterior margins parallel ; meros short ; carpus long ; propodos long, straight, slender, and flat, the anterior margin furnished with a comb-like series of teeth that increase towards the distal extremity, and a few solitary equidistant hairs; dactylos long, slender, sharp-pointed, and slightly curved: fourth pair of pereio- poda about half the length of the third, resembling it in form: fifth like the fourth, but not armed with fine teeth along the anterior margin of the propodos. Ultimate pair of pleopoda having the peduncle more than four times the length of the telson, and the rami half as long as the peduncle, with the margins scarcely serrated ; penultimate pair reaching a little beyond the extremity of the peduncle of the ultimate; antepenultimate reaching a litle further than the extremity of the penultimate. Telson lanceolate. Length nearly # of an inch. Hab. Lat. 62°25’ §., long. 58° W. (MS. label.) The specimens from which the description and figure are taken belong to the collection entrusted to me from the Jardin des Plantes, and were procured during the ‘ Expédition de la Zélée.’? The descrip- tion differs in some respects from that given by Dana; rather, how- ever, in absence of detail than in distinction of any essential point. Thus, Dana describes the superior antennz as being three-jointed, whereas in my description the second joint is said to be almost covered by the first—in fact, a small portion of the under part only being seen. Again, he says that the inferior antenne have the flagellum a little longer than the fourth joint. The respective joints of the peduncle of the inferior antennze in this group have not, as yet, been made out; but, in my description, that which Dana calls the fourth joint of the “base” is stated to be the first articulus of the flagellum. Dana does not say whether the flagellum is articulated or not,—an unfortunate omission, as it is one of the chief distinctions between this species as described in this Catalogue and 7. Guérinii. The other discrepancies being unimportant, I have not hesitated to consider this species as being the same as that described by the great American carcinologist. 2. Themisto Guérinii, n.sp. (Puare L. fig. 9.) Superior antenne scarcely as long as the cephalon is deep, having the first joint of the peduncle long, the second not covered by 314 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the first ; flagellum uniarticulate, scarcely curved at the extremity, furnished through the entire length of the inferior margin with a few rudimentary denticles, on the inner surface with a row of small tubercles, and tipped at the extremity with a few hairs. In- ferior antennz much longer than the superior, and possessing a flagellum that consists of one very long articulus and one (ter- minal) short and pointed. First pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus longer and broader than the propodos; propodos slightly arcuate, tapering, furnished at the infero-anterior angle with a marginal row of short stiff spines that correspond with the in- terior margin of the dactylos. Second pair of gnathopoda haying the carpus inferiorly produced, about half the length of the inferior margin of the propodos. First pair of pereiopoda having the carpus broadly dilated, ovate, infero-anterior margin oblique, fringed with a few hairs ; propodos arcuate, inner margin less so, single, armed at the distal extremity only with a few long and short cilia; dactylos subulate. Length 58,ths of an inch. Hab. (In the Atlantic?) Latitude of La Plata (IZS. label). The rest of the animal corresponds with the description given of T. antarctica. In fact, the species so much resemble each other, that, had not their respective size and locality been very distinct, they probably would have been passed over as varieties of the same. This specimen is also one of those belonging to the valuable collec- tion in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. It was collected during the first ‘ Expédition de l’Astrolabe.’ It is named in honour of the founder of the genus, to whom I am indebted for permission to examine his large collection and drawings of Amphipoda. 3. Themisto Gaudichaudii. (Parte L. fig. 10.) Themisto Gaudichaudii, Guérin-Méneville, Mém. de la Soc. d Hist. Nat. de Paris, iv. pl. 25. f. c. M.-Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx.; Hist. des Crust, iii. p. 84. Cephalon round. Superior antenne about the length of the cephalon, stouter than the inferior, and composed of four joints; the first is about one-third the length of the antenne, the second and third are short, and the fourth (flagellum) is longer than all, tapering to the point and curving downwards. Inferior antenne twice the length of the superior, and also composed of four joints, of which the first is very short, the second longer, the third as long as the first two, and the fourth (flagellum) longer than the three preceding; the flagellum seems to be composed, as in the superior antenna, of a great number of short articuli. First pair of gnathopoda not differ- HYPERID®. 815 ing from 7. Guérinii, except that the small spinules on the distal extremity of the inferior margin of the propodos are not figured or deseribed. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus with the superior margin depressed and the infero-anterior angle pro- duced as far as the extremity of the propodos. First two pairs of pereiopoda haying the carpi subtriangular rather than oval, as deseribed in 7, antarctica and T. Guérinii, and the propoda longer than the carpi. In other points this species, which has been fully and carefully described by M. Guérin-Méneville in the memoir quoted, does not differ from 7’. antarctica. Length 9 lines. Hab. Coast of Malouines Isle, where it was taken by M. Gaudi- chaud, after whom the species was named by the author. 4. Themisto arctica, (Pxare L. fig. 11.) Themisto arctica, Kroyer, Grénl. Amfip. p. 68. pl. 4. f. 16. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 85. Superior antennz having the flagellum not annulate. First pair of gnathopoda obtuse: second pair resembling the first, not pre- hensile, Carpus of the first two pairs of pereiopoda having the inferior margin serrated. Telson acutely triangular. The rest of the animal resembling 7’. antarctica. Hiab. Greenland (Kroyer). In the stomach of a Seal at Port Kennedy (Dr. Walker, Journ. R. Dublin Soc. 1860, p. 68). The above description is dependent for its correctness on those of Kroyer and M.-Edwards. The figure is from Kroyer in the work quoted. 5. Themisto crassicornis. (Pxare L. fig. 12.) Themisto crassicornis, Kroyer, Grénl. Amfip. p. 67. pl. 4. £. 17. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 85. Superior antennz very short, thick, biarticulate (?), and ciliated on the border. Inferior antenn having a flagellum that consists of one short and one (terminal) long articulus. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the carpi subovate, smooth and unarmed along the inferior margin. Hab. Greenland (Kroyer). As in the preceding, I am here indebted to the descriptions of Kroyer and M.-Edwards. The parts figured are from Kriéyer’s work above quoted. 316 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. Fam. 2. PHRONIMIDZ. Inferior antenne obsolete, in one sex at least. Third pair of pereiopoda developed into a more or less perfectly chelate organ. This family corresponds with Dana’s, exclusively of the genus Phorcus. It may be conveniently divided into two subfamilies. Subfamily 1. PHRONIMIDES. Having the three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous; rami lan- ceolate. This subfamily corresponds with Dana’s division Puronmmn®, exclusively of the genus Primno. 1, PHRONIMA. Phronima, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. vi. p. 289, 1803. Phronyma, Leach, Sam. Ent. U, Comp. p. 101. Cephalon large, broad at the top, tapering inferiorly to the oral ap- paratus. Pereion broad and flat. Pleon narrow. Eyes on the dorsal surface of the cephalon. Superior antenne short, two-jointed ; in- ferior antenne obsolete. Mandibles without an appendage. Gna- thopoda more or less complexly subchelate. Pereiopoda consisting of but six joints: first two pairs of pereiopoda simple: third having the dactylos fused with the propodos; the propodos and carpus developed into a perfectly-formed chela: fourth and fifth pairs uniform, shorter than the third. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous, lanceolate. Telson single. 1. Phronima sedentaria. (Pxare LI. fig. 1.) B.M. Cancer sedentarius, Forskal, Descript. Anim. p. 95. Cancer (Gammarellus) sedentarius, Herbst, Naturg. der Krabben, §c. i. psy. i 8. Phew sedentaria, Latreille, Gen. Crust. et Ins. i. p. 36. pl. 2; Hist. Nat. des Crust. vi. p. 289. Lamarck, Hist. des Anim, sans Vert. v. p. 197. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 257. pl. 45. f. 1 (after Risso). Edwards, Ann, des Se. Nat. xx. p. 394, (2nd ser.) iii. pl. 14. £.9; Regne Anim. Cuvier, 3rd ed. pl. 58. f. 8; Hist. des Crust. ii. p. 93. pl. 80. f. 13. Iucas, Expl. dans 0 Algérie, t. 5. f. 5. White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1847, p. 50. Spence Bate, Synopsis, &c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Antenne not so long as the cephalon ; first joint short, second four times as long. First pair of gnathopoda having the meros inferiorly produced, with the margin serrated ; carpus infero-anteriorly pro- PHRONIMID®. BL7 duced to nearly half the length of the propodos ; propodos eylin- drical, arcuate, slightly tapering, serrated on the inferior margin with small teeth that gradually increase anteriorly to every fourth or fifth denticle; dactylos short, terminating in a double point, and flanked at the posterior extremity with dactyloptera*, having the inferior margin of the outer finely pectinated, and of the inner finely serrated: second pair resembling the first, but longer, and having the carpus not so prominently produced. First pair of pereiopoda as long again as the gnathopoda, cylindrical, tapering ; dactylos minute: second pair like the first, but longer and more robust: third pair having the carpus antero-distally produced to nearly the length of the propodos, cylindrical, robust, tapering, curved, inner margin subcentrally furnished with a projecting tubercle that is tuberculated on the apex and posterior margin, and on the concave margin behind it; propodos long, slender, tapering to a point, arcuate, the inner margin being furnished with a tubercle that impinges against that on the carpal process on the distal surface, and tuberculated on the top and on the distal mar- gin as well as the concave surface beyond the tubercle ; dactylos obsolete. Two posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, having the basa long, remaining joints short. Penultimate pair of pleopoda shorter than the other two. Telson rudimentary. Length 1 inch. Hab. Nice (Risso); Burray, Shetland Islands (Dr. Fleming); Bay of Naples (Mr. Pratt). The figure in this Catalogue is taken from a specimen in the British Museum, from an unknown locality. It appears to be iden- tical with that taken by Dr. Fleming, in the collection of British Amphipoda in the Museum. I have compared it with specimens, entrusted to me from the Jardin des Plantes, found at Nice, and I can perceive none but microscopic differences in the strength of the armature—the tubercles and serrature being more prominent on the specimen from Nice than en that ix the British Museum. Risso describes P. sedentaria as being transparent, shining, and covered with red spots. Desmarest states it to be found in the cavities of Pyrosoma and Beroé. 2. Phronima custos. (Pare LI. fig. 2.) B.M. Phronima custos, Risso, Hist. des Crust. de Nice, p. 121. pl. 2. f. 3. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 98. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 93. Third pair of pereiopoda broader than in P. sedentaria, and haying * This name is suggested for the two little wing-like plates on each pair of gnathopoda, and which have not hitherto been described by authors. 318 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the tubercle on the carpal process more tooth-like in form, and that upon the propodos less prominent and smooth. Hab. Nice; in the cavities of Medusze (Risso, Desmarest). Risso describes this species as being whitish. In all other respects it corresponds very closely with P. sedentaria. The descriptions given by authors of this and the preceding species appear adapted for either. Without having examined the typical speci- mens, I can only assume them to be as here named—if, indeed, they are not varieties of the same species only. 3. Phronima Borneensis, n.s. (Pxrate LI. fig. 3.) B.M. Phronima Atlantica, White, Cat. Crust. B. M. 1850. This species resembles P. custos in the size of the chelate develop- ment of the third pair of pereiopoda and in the form of the tubercle on the fixed ramus, and P. sedentaria in the form of the crenu- lated tubercle on the moveable ramus. I can detect no other variation of form in these species from very distant localities: and the union of the specific characters of both the Western species in that from the Eastern Seas suggests the idea, in spite of their distant habitats, that the three forms may be but varieties of one species. Hab. Borneo. Presented to the British Museum by the Lords of the Admiralty. 4. Phronima Atlantica. (Puarz LI. fig. 4.) B.M. Phronima Atlantica, Guérin-Méneville, Iconogr. pl. 25. f. 4; Mag. Zool. cl. vii. pl. 18. f. 1. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 93. Third pair of pereiopoda haying two large tubercular teeth on the inferior margin of the carpal or fixed process. Hab. §. Atlantic (Capt. Stanley). Subfamily 2. PHROSINIDES. Having the three posterior pairs of pleopoda foliaceous and mem- branous. This subfamily corresponds with Dana’s second division PHrostr- NIN%, exclusively of the genus Themisto. 2. PHROSINA. Phrosina, Risso, Hist. Nat. de l Europe Mérid. v. p. 91. Dactylocera, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 293. Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 893 ; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 89. Cephalon with the antero-superior margin laterally produced to an PHRONIMID. 319 angle on each side. Pereion having the first two segments fused together. Mandibles without an appendage. Eyes large. Su- perior antenne rudimentary ; inferior antenne obsolete. Gna- thopoda small, not subchelate. First four pairs of pereiopoda con- sisting of but six joints, the terminal one probably being the pro- podos and dactylos fused together ; carpi dilated: fifth pair not developed from the basos. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda single- branched, uniarticulate, membranous, lamelliform. Telson single, membranous, Risso says that these Crustacea are eaten as a luxury, and, more- over, serve as an article of food to the inhabitants on the shores of the Mediterranean, where they are most common. 1. Phrosina semilunata. (Pxare LI. fig. 5.) B.M. Phrosina semilunata, Risso, Journ. de Physique, p. 245, 1822; Hist. de l Europe Mérid. p. 5. pl. 3. £. 10-12. Pleon exhibiting traces of a dorsal carina; fourth segment produced to a distinct tooth. Eyes pressed towards the inferior margin of the cephalon. Superior antenne rudimentary, consisting of one short basal and a longer terminal joiat, situate beneath the horns of the semilunar notch: inferior antenne obsolete. Mandibles having the incisive margins evenly corrugated, flanked by a strong tooth on each side; the molar tubercle developed into a large squamiform perpendicular plate fringed with hair. Gnathopoda subequal, small, slender, not subchelate. First pair of pereiopoda nearly as long again as the gnathopoda, having the ischium antero- distally produced to a strong tooth; meros likewise so produced ; carpus subtriangular, antero-inferior margin obtusely serrated, in- ferior angle developed into a strong tooth-like process ; propodos and dactylos fused together, long, tapering, and slightly arcuate. Second pair of pereiopoda like the first, but having the inferior distal angle of the meros produced to a sharp tooth ; carpus broad, tapering, armed inferiorly with strong, sharp teeth. ‘Third pair longer than the second, haying the basos anteriorly dilated ; meros dilated, postero-distally produced to a long sharp process; carpus ovate, not produced postero-distally to a long tooth, anteriorly deeply denticulated; propodos and dactylos fused into one long, slightly-curved styliform organ. Fourth pair like the third, but shorter and less conspicuously characteristic. Fifth pair having the coxa rudimentary ; the basos large, ovate; the rest of the joints obsolete, being represented only by a small papilla. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda without peduncles, consisting of single, 320 AMPHIPODA NORMALTA, long-ovate, membranous, leaf-like plates. Telson exhibiting the same character. Length 1 inch. Hab. Atlantic, lat. 8°S., long. 46° E. (Mr. J. Cranch); Congo Ex- pedition ; Nice (/tisso); Cape of Good Hope (Paris Collection). On a careful dissection of this species, I have not been able to de- tect even the rudiments of the inferior antenne. Milne-Edwards considers the antenne present as being those of the inferior pair, and the superior pair to be represented by the horn-lke prolongations of the superior margin of the cephalon. I have stated above that the propoda and the dactyla are fused together in the pereiopoda. In all the pereiopoda there is one joint less than usual, but 1 cannot determine which is absent; it may be that the ischium is wanting ; but observing it to be almost universal in this division that pre- hensile power consists in the propodos impinging against the carpus, and that this is the case in Primno, a very closely allied genus, I believe the description that I have given most likely to be correct. 2. Phrosina Nicetensis. (Pxare LI. fig. 6.) B.M. Phrosina Nicetensis, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 91. Dactylocera Nicetensis, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 293; Atlas du Regne Animal de Cuvier, pl. 58. f. 2. This species very much resembles P. semilunata, but differs in having a dorsal median tooth on the posterior margin of the third seg- ment of the pleon as well as on the fourth; in the second pair of perelopoda having the carpus shorter and more triangular, and in haying the posterior distal extremity produced into a strong tooth in the third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda. Length 1iths of an inch. Hab. Mediterranean (Edwards) ; South of Europe (specimen in the B.M.); Cape of Good Hope (specimen in the Paris Collection). The little difference between this species and P. semilunata, to- gether with their having been taken in the same localities, if not associated*, suggests the idea that they are merely varieties of one species. 3. Phrosina longispina, n.s. (Puare LI. fig. 7.) First pair of pereiopoda having the carpus large, increasing towards the distal extremity, against which the fused propodos and dactylos closely impinge; anterior margin slightly crenulated; inferior angle produced to an outwardly directed blunt tooth. Second * Both species, from the Cape of Good Hope, were in the same bottle, which contained only the two specimens. PHRONIMID®. 321 pair of pereiopoda resembling the first, but having the carpus longer and the inferior angle not so prominent. Third pair having the carpus with the anterior margin subparallel with the poste- rior; anterior margin oblique, serrated with four large and two small teeth ; tooth of inferior angle largest and outwardly directed. Fourth pair of pereiopoda haying the meros with the antero-distal angle produced as long as the carpus; carpus long, gradually in- creasing in diameter, antero-distal margin denticulated and pro- duced towards the inferior angle ; tooth of the inferior angle con- siderably the longest, directed straight forward; anterior margin of the united propodos and dactylos rugose. Length 3 an inch. Hab. Found in the stomach of a shark, lat. 26° 27’ S., long. 99° W. Yn all other respects this species resembles the preceding. Doubtful Species. 4. Phrosina macrophthalma. Phrosina macrophthalma, Risso, Journ. de Phys. Oct. 1822, p. 245. Desmarest, Constd. sur les Crust. p. 25. “ Body oblong, of a violet-red, having the cephalon very transparent, not horned. Eyes very large, oval, and black. “Length about 3 lines. “* Hab. Found by Risso on Pyrosoma elegans, in February and July. In the latter month the female carries a great number of very small globular eggs.” —Desmarest. This species probably belongs to the genus Anchylomera. 3. PRIMNO. Primno, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. cl. vii., 1856. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 81. Superior antenne as long as the cephalon. Inferior antenne ob- solete. Gnathopoda not subchelate, nor very small. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the carpi not dilated; third pair twice as long as the preceding, and having the carpus largely dilated and armed, propodos and dactylos not fused together ; fourth pair considerably smaller, not having the carpus dilated ; fifth pair much smaller. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda consisting each of a uniarticulate membranous lamella. Telson single. This genus is distinguished from Phrosina by the smallness of the first two pairs of pereiopoda, the developed character of the fifth pair, and in having the dactyla not fused with the propoda, y 322 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 1. Primno macropa. (Prater LI. fig. 8.) Primno macropa, Guérin, Mag. de Zool, vii. 1836, pl. 17. f. 1. “Superior antenns longer than the cephalon. Basos of the second pair of gnathopoda dilated. Third pair of pereiopoda very long, more than as long again as the preceding, having the carpus very long and broad, the anterior margin armed with alternately one long and two or three short teeth; propodos long, slender ; dac- tylos short, slender, pointed: fourth pair scarcely more than half the length of the third; carpus not dilated, having the anterior margin serrated: fifth pair shorter than the fourth, slender and feeble. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda foliaceous ; antepenulti- mate pair pointed. Telson ovate. “ Length ,8,ths of an inch, “ Hab, Chili.” —Guérin. 4, ANCHYLOMERA. Anchylomera, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 894. Hieraconyx, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. vii. 1856 (male). Cephalon large, transversely ovate. Eyes occupying nearly the whole of the cephalon, but not united in the median line. Antenne in one sex (male?) as long as the cephalon, in the other short, rudimentary. Gnathopoda having the propoda with the inferior margin directed horizontally, not subchelate. First two pairs of pereiopoda complexly subchelate: third pair large, robust, having the basos largely dilated, pentangular; carpus dilated, against the anterior margin of which the propodos impinges: fourth pair shorter than the third, not dilated: fifth still shorter. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda consisting of single foliaceous mem- branous plates. Hieraconyx appears to be the male of Anchylomera. 1. Anchylomera antipodes, n.s. (Prats LI. fig. 9, male; fig. 10, female.) B.M. Female.—Animal robust. Cephalon deeper than the pereion. First | segment of pereion absent, fifth twice as broad as the others. Superior antennz represented by two minute tubercles. Inferior an- tenne obsolete. Gnathopoda having the propoda gradually tapering both above and below to a point; dactyla having a small straight joint. First pair of pereiopoda having the carpus moderately broad and anteriorly truncate ; anterior and inferior margins serrated ; inferior margin coarsely serrated, the interdental spaces being PHRONIMIDE, 323 serrated with more minute teeth. Second pair of pereiopoda having the carpus triangular; inferior outer angle considerably produced, having the anterior and inferior margins serrated; pro- podos serrated on the inferior margin, which impinges against the outer margin of the carpus; dactylos styliform. ‘Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos pentagon-shaped; carpus triangular, distal margin armed with five or six blunt teeth and a sharp one at the inferior angle ; propodos not longer than the distal margin of the carpus; dactylos short, sharp. Fourth pair of pereiopoda having the basos with the anterior margin considerably excavate, articulating postero-subapically with the ischium; carpus broad- ovate, inferior margin serrated with a few coarse teeth and some fine intermediate denticles ; propodos narrow; dactylos styliform. Fifth pair of pereiopoda consisting of the basos only, which is longer than broad. Length ,3,ths of an inch. Hab. Near the antipodes, in lat. 58°S., long. 172° W. (Mr. Rayner, Surgeon H.M.S. Herald). Male.—Animal rather slender, Cephalon searcely deeper than the pereion. First segment of the pereion absent; fifth as broad as the two preceding. Antenne subequal, longer than the pereion, slender, filiform. Gnathopoda having the propoda pear-shaped, tapering anteriorly ; dactyla short. All the other poda* resemble those of the female, except that the serrature upon the margin, when present, is uniformly regular. Length ,*,ths of an inch. The specimens that are here considered male and female were taken in the same locality, and preserved in the same collection by Mr. Rayner, so that we may assume that they were found associated. 2. Anchylomera Blossevillei. (@tare LIT. fig. 1.) Anchylomera Blossevillei, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. ii. p. 87. Male.—Antenne nearly as long as the pereion: superior pair formed of a two-jointed peduncle and a flagellum consisting of forty articuli: inferior pair bent; peduncle consisting of three joints, flagellum of fifty articuli. First pair of gnathopoda shorter than the second. Third pair of pereiopoda triangular; the antero-inferior margin * The third pair of pereiopoda is broken in the only male specimen in the collection. It is therefore an assumption that the third pair bears the same relation as the others to their representative in the female. y2 324 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. oblique, waved, unarmed: fourth pair resembling, but shorter than, the third: fifth still shorter. Length ,?;ths of an inch. Hab. Indian Ocean. The figure of this species is taken from a damaged specimen in the Museum at Paris; the description is from the same source, aided by that of Milne-Edwards. It is named after M. de Blosseville, who perished in the Arctic Regions, 3. Anchylomera Hunteri. (Prarr LIL. fig. 2.) Anchylomera Hunteri, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 894; Mist. des Crust. iii. p. 88. pl. 30. f. 4. “The body is more curved than in A. Blossevillei; the antenne are scarcely longer than the cephalon, and the flagella consist of only fifteen articuli. Gnathopoda subequal. Third pair of pereio- poda having the antero-distal angle produced into a strong tooth, more prominent than those upon the antero-distal margin ; the propodos and dactylos fused together, short, pointed. “ Length ,8,ths of an inch. “ Hab. Isle of Bourbon.” —Hdwards. 4. Anchylomera abbreviata. (Prare LIT. fig. 3.) B.M. Hieraconyx abbreviatus, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. el. vii. pl. 17. f. 2. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 88. Antenne as long as the cephalon is deep. Gnathopoda subequal. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the carpi triangulate, the infero-distal angle produced ; inferior and distal margins minutely serrated: third pair having the basos moderately dilated ; carpus ovate, anterior margin denticulated; propodos and dactylos not fused together: fourth pair shorter than the third: fifth almost rudi- mentary. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda having the lamelli- form rami long-ovate. Telson short, rounded, as broad as long. Length ,6ths of an inch. Hab. Taken between Ie Malouines and Port Jackson (M. Gau- dichaud). SS. Atlantic (and near Mauritius?) (Mr. Rayner). 5. Anchylomera sedentaria. (Pxare LIU. fig. 4.) Phronima sedentaria, Costa, Pochi Crust. del. Messina. Superior antenne two-thirds the length of the inferior. Inferior antenne about half the length of the animal. Hab. Mediterranean (Costa). PHRONIMID.2. 325 I only know this species from the figure in the work quoted, which is so very imperfectly drawn as to make it unwise to trust to it; but though incorrect, it evidently does not belong to the genus Phronima, and appears to differ from the preceding species of this genus. I am inclined to think that Cheiropristis Messanensis of Cocco be- longs to this genus, and probably to this species. 6. Anchylomera purpurea. (Prare LII. fig. 5.) Anchylomera purpurea, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 1004. pl. 68. £.9. “Antenne about as long as the body. Carpi of first and second pairs of pereiopoda subtriangular, that of the first with an acute point as an immoyeable finger, that of the second with this finger elongate and slender; propoda a little longer than the surface on which they close; dactyla rather long. Third pair of pereiopoda very large ; basos oblong, pentagonal, with the sides a little con- cave, narrowed towards the apex, where it is but little wider than the next joint; carpus oblong, triangular, straight and dentate within ; propodos longer than the carpus; dactylos rather long. Fourth pair of pereiopoda long ; carpus rather long, subcylindrical ; basos acute at the apex, and posterior basal angle rounded. Fifth pair weak ; basos a little longer than the following part. “Length 2 lines. “ Hab. Atlantic, im lat. 27°S8., long. 45° 10’ W., off the Brazilian coast. Collected January 1839.”—Dana. 7. Anchylomera Thyropoda. (Prare LILI. fig. 6.) Anchylomera Thyropoda, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 1004. pl. 68. f, 10, ‘Cephalon transverse. Antennie (probably not adult) very short, without a flagellum. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than first, subulate. First and second pairs of nereiopoda having the carpi triangulate, inner margins very finely serrulate or spinulose ; pro- poda not longer than anterior margin. Third pair of pereiopoda very large; basos oblong, pentagonal, at apex but little wider than succeeding joint, and entire, sides a little excavate ; carpus oblongo- triangular, antero-distal margin dentate, external tooth a little the largest ; propodos much shorter than palm. Fourth pair of pereio- poda of moderate size ; ischium, meros and carpus short, subequal. Fifth pair of pereiopoda obsolete, excepting basos. Caudal lamelle broad elliptical, some of them ciliate, entire. “Length 1 line. ‘* Atlantic, in lat. 59° $., long. 54° W., January 1839.’’—Dana. 326 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, Fam. 3. PLATYSCELIDZ. TypHip®, Dana, U.S. Explor, Exped. p. 1442. Spence Bate, Brit. Assoc, Report, 1855 ; Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Fist. Feb. 1857. HypERINES ANORMALES, M.-Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 94. Cephalon round. Eyes large. Antenne attached to the inferior surface. Epistoma proboscidiform ; oral appendages rudimentary. Gnathopoda complexly subchelate. First two pairs of pereiopoda simple ; two succeeding pairs having the basa largely dilated; fifth pair imperfectly developed. Posterior pleopoda foliaceous. The name Typhis, given to a genus in this family, having been replaced by another, that of the family must necessarily be changed ; I have therefore chosen the name of a genus which I have had the opportunity of examining most, and which typifies the most con- spicuous character in the family. This family coincides with the first two divisions of Milne-Ed- wards’s Hypfrinfs ANORMALES, and with the first two of Dana’s family TypHipa. Edwards and Dana have separated this family into two divisions, exclusive of OxXYcEPHALIN&, corresponding with Typninz and Pro- non (Dana); but these divisions appear to me to run so gradually into each other, that it is difficult to say where the one ends and the other begins. 1. THYROPUS. Typhis, Risso, Crust. de Nice, p. 122, 1816. Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 395 ; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 94. Thyropus, Dana, U. 8, Explor. Exped. p. 1012. Cephalon transversely oval. Pereion broadly distended. Pleon con- siderably narrower than the pereion. Eyes large. Superior an- tenne short. Inferior antenne long, consisting of five joints, which inflect upon one another when folded and hid beneath the cephalon. Gnathopoda complexly subchelate ; carpi having the infero-anterior angle anteriorly produced to antagonize with the extremity of the dactyla. First two pairs of pereiopoda slender, cylindrical: third pair having the basos considerably dilated ; ischium subapically articulated at the posterior margin: fourth pair having the basos dilated to a greater extent than the previous pair, and having the ischium articulated near the middle of the posterior margin : fifth pair having the basos short, scarcely dilated ; ischium articulating at the apex ; the other joints not developed. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda having the rami foliaceous and membranous. In consequence of the name 7'yphis having been given to a genus of Mollusca by Montagu prior to the date at which Risso named this genus, L have adopted Dana’s synonym. PLATYSCELID.E. 327 1. Thyropus ovoides. (Prarr LILI. fig. 7.) Typhis ovoides, Risso, Crust. de Nice, p. 122. pl. 2. f. 9. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 97. First segment of the pereion short. The last two and the first three of the pleon rounded in the centre, giving a corrugated appearance to the dorsal surface. Superior antenne haying a peduncle of three joints, the middle joint being the shortest, the other two directed at right angles from one another, forming an inverted curve; inferior margin thickly covered with hairs, and sub- apically excavated on the upper margin to articulate with the flagellum ; flagellum minute, consisting of three articuli. Inferior antennx five-jointed ; second joint double the length of the first ; third longer than the second; fourth about one-third the length of the third; fifth scarcely half the length of the fourth. Gna- thopoda subequal: first pair having the carpus infero-anteriorly produced to half the length of the propodos, with the inferior and anterior margins strongly serrated ; propodos not so long as the carpus, narrow-elliptical in form, with the inferior margin strongly serrated; dactylos short: second pair differing from the first only in being a little longer and not quite so robust. First two pairs of pereiopoda slender, cylindrical, having the mera, carpi and propoda guadually decreasing in length ; dactyla short, sharp, and capable of being inflected against the propoda, where a small denticle increases its prehensile capability. Third pair of pereio- poda having the basos longer than the body is deep, subelliptic, terminating in an obtuse point, near which the ischium articu- lates internally and posteriorly, which, together with the remain- ing joints, is scarcely more than half the length of the basos, against the inner side of which it is reversely inflected. Fourth pair of pereiopoda having the basos as large again as that of the third, terminating in a rounded apex; the ischium articulates about halfway on the interne! surface between the centre and the posterior margin, and rather more than half the length of the basos from the body; remaining joints very short, together equalling about one-fourth the length of the basos; carpus and propodos with the margins on the flexible side serrated. Fifth pair of pereiopoda short, about half the depth of the body, searcely di- lated, narrow, tipped with a small biarticulate tubercle that re- presents the undeveloped portion of the limb. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous ; rami membranous. Length ;%,ths of an inch. 20 Hab. Taken 150 leagues south-west of the Azores by Capt. Du- munier. Nice (2tisso). 328 AMPHIPODA NORMALELA, The description that Risso has given is not so complete as to en- able me to do more than assume this to be the species, with which his figure corresponds in general aspect. 2. Thyropus ferus. (Pxrare LIF. fig. 8.) Typhis ferus, Edwards, Ann, des Sc. Nat, xx. p. 395. pl. 11. f. 8; Hist. des Crust. ili. p. $6. Guérin, Iconogr. Crust. pl. 27. f. 8. Thyropus diaphanus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 1018. pl. 169. f. 4. «Superior antenne very short; first joint small, and forming nearly aright angle with the second, which is large, compressed, of an oval form, and furnished upon the external border with long hairs ; the other joints slender, cylindrical, and constituting a small ter- minal flagellum, inserted at the extremity upon a kind of disk. First joint of the inferior antenne not so long as, but stouter than, the two following, which are nearly equal, and longer than the fourth and fifth together. Mandibles large, having an ap- pendage with three joints, of which the last two are almost of the same length and are nearly as stout as the first. First pair of gnathopoda larger and shorter than, but of the same form as, the second, having the carpus inferiorly produced nearly to the ex- tremity of the propodos. Fourth pair of pereiopodanearly twice as large as the preceding ; three posterior pairs of pereiopoda not having the same form, and scarcely passing beyond the extremity of the triangular telson; antepenultimate pair having the peduncle long, cylindrical, and terminating in two ovate pointed lamella ; penultimate pair having a small peduncle and two large ovate lamelle ; ultimate pair having the peduncle short and the lamelli- form rami lanceolate.”— Edwards. Length about 6 lines (Hdwards): when extended, + of an inch; when folded, + of an inch (Dana). Hab. In the latitude of the Canary Islands (Hdwards). Atlantic, in lat. 4° 25’S., long. 21°30' W., Nov. 7, 1838 (Dana). St. Helena (MS. label, Museum of Jardin des Plantes). The only character in Dana’s description which differs from that of M.-Edwards, is that the last joint of the base of the superior an- tenne is stated by Dana to be multiarticulate, which I am inclined to believe is a misconception on the part of that generally accurate observer. According to M.-Edwards’s description and figure, this species differs from 7’. ovoides chiefly in the respective lengths of the joints of the inferior antenne, and in having the gnathopoda furnished with fine hairs instead of having the carpus and propodos serrated, as in the specimen I have adopted as being that of 7’. ovoides, Risso, PLATYSCELID.2. 329 3. Thyropus rapax. Typhis rapax, Edwards, Ann. des Se, Nat. xx. p. 895; ITist. des Crust. iii. p. 97. “This species is similar to 7. ferus. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus not produced inferiorly ; second pair having the carpus produced inferiorly, nearly as long as the propodos. Basos of the fourth pair of pereiopoda not so largely developed as that of the third pair, Lamelliform rami of the three posterior pairs of pleo- poda long, sharp, and lanceolate. * This species was found in the latitude of the Canary Islands.”— Edwards. 2. PLATYSCELUS%, n. g. Cephalon transversely ovate. Pereion distended ; first segment nar- rower than the cephalon. Pleon much narrower than the pereion, having the fourth and fifth segments coalescing, the fifth and sixth pairs of pleopoda being attached to the posterior margin; sixth segment and telson fused together, the posterior pair of pleopoda being attached to the under surface near the middle of the seg- ment. Superior antenne short, consisting of a peduncle and a flagellum. Inferior antenne not longer than the cephalon, con- sisting of four joints, concealed beneath the cephalon, not folded. Mandibles without an appendage. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos largely dilated, and the remaining joints shorter than the basos; fourth pair having the basos twice as large as the third, the remaining joints not half so long as the basos; fifth pair membranous, a small tubercle representing the remaining joints. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous, foliacecous, submem- branous. ‘Telson obtusely triangular. It is with considerable hesitation that I add this genus to the family. I have only done so in conseguence of Dana’s distinctly stating that in Dithyrus no portion of the three posterior pairs of pereiopoda is developed beyond the basa; in all other respects this genus corresponds very closely with that. It appears to me to be not improbable that Platyscelus may prove to be the female of Typhis, from which it differs only in the form of the superior and length of the inferior antenne. 1. Platyscelus Rissoinez, n.s. (Pare LIL. fig. 9.) Cephalon rounded above anteriorly, and produced centrally down- wards. Pereion greatly distended ; first two segments short. Pleon much narrower than the pereion. Superior antenne having the * mXaris. broadly dilated ; oKéAos, leg. 330 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. pedunele obliquely truncate, the distal extremity carrying numerous auditory cilia; flagellum consisting of a single long narrow arti- culus. Inferior antenne four-jointed, having the first three joints subequal, the fourth short and terminating in a single hair. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus broad, but not anteriorly pro- duced, the inferior margin being coarsely, and the anterior margin finely serrated; propodos serrated along the inferior margin ; dactylos short, not capable of reaching the anterior extremity of the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda longer than the first, the carpus having the infero-anterior margin produced as long as the propodos, minutely serrated along the anterior and inferior mar- gins ; propodos coarsely serrated along the inferior margin ; dactylos short, capable of antagonizing with the apex of the produced carpus. First two pairs of pereiopoda having the mera and carpi subequally long; propoda one-third the length of the carpi; dactyla short. Third pair of pereiopoda haying the anterior margin of the basos not serrated, the five distal joints being but half the length of the basos, and the ischium articulating postero-subapically with it. Fourth pair of pereiopoda having the basos posteriorly arcuate and anteriorly excavate, the distal extremity obtusely rounded, the ischium articulating with the posterior margin near the centre ; the remaining joints being about one-third the length of the basos, and having the flexible margin of the propodos reversely serrated. Fifth pair of pereiopoda membranous, long, and slightly curved, terminating in a small tubercle that represents the undeveloped portion of the hmb. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda haying the outer margin of the peduncle serrated ; rami foliaceous, equal, and distally serrated: penultimate pair having the peduncle short ; rami equal, with the margins entire: ultimate pair haying the peduncle short ; outer ramus pointed, serrated on the inner margin ; inner rami fused with the peduncle, and having the inner margin serrated alternately coarse and fine. Telson obtusely pointed. Length 1 inch. Hab. Found in the stomach of a shark in the Pacific Ocean, in lat. 26°27'8., long. 99° W. Coast of Malabar (Capt. Dumunier, 1836). These specimens belong to the collection entrusted to me from the Jardin des Plantes. 2. Platyscelus serratus, n.s. (Prater LIT. figs. 10 & 11.) Female.—Cephalon transversely ovate. Pereion much distended ; first segment nearly as long as the second, but much narrower than the cephalon. Pleon considerably narrower. Superior antenne having the peduncle truncate, the inferior distal extremity bearing a bunch PLATYSCELID 3. 331 of auditory cilia ; flagellum short and narrow, consisting of one long and one short terminal articulus. Inferior antennx four-jointed ; first joint longest; second about half the length of the first ; third half longer than the second ; fourth narrower than the preceding, as long as the second, terminating in a lanceolate joint. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus antero-inferiorly produced nearly to the extremity of the propodos, and serrated both inferiorly and anteriorly ; propodos long-ovate, and serrated both on the superior and inferior margins ; dactylos short, sharp, and antagonizing with the extremity of the carpus: second pair like the first, but longer, narrower, and having the inferior angle of the carpus produced rather beyond the extremity of the propodos. First two pairs of pereiopoda haying the mera stouter than the carpi, the carpi shorter than the mera and minutely pectinated on the posterior margin ; propoda slightly shorter than, and not so stout as, the carpi, mi- nutely pectinated on the posterior margin. Third pair of pereio- poda having the distal portion of the anterior margin serrated, and the ischium articulating subapically within the posterior margin ; remaining joints about half the length of the basos ; the meros, carpus, and propodos serrated on the flexible margin. Fourth pair of pereiopoda with the ischium articulated near the centre, the remaining joints being not quite one-fourth the length of the basos; carpus and propodos serrated on the flexible margin. Fifth pair of pereiopoda having the basos membranous, a small round tubercle representing the remaining joints. The rest of the animal appears to resemble Platyscelus Rissoine. Length }4ths of an inch. Hab, Locality unrecorded. Taken by M. Morrisse of Havre. The specimen from which this description and figure are taken is a female. I fortunately found within the incubatory pouch nume- rous larve. These differ considerably in form from the fully deve- loped animal, as will be seen by the follewing description :— Young.—Cephalon long and narrow, tapering anteriorly, having the apex reversed beneath. Pereion long, not dilated, not deeper than the cephalon. Pleon nearly as long as the pereion. Antenne upon the inferior surface: the superior pair, just within the anterior margin, consist of two subequal joints, the basal one carrying distally two minute hairs; the terminal one truncate, the distal extremity carrying four long hairs. Inferior antenne posterior to the superior, consisting of but a single joint, cylindrical in form, truncate at the apex, where are situated four short hairs. First pair of gnathopoda having the meros a little broader than the carpus, and the antero-inferior angle tipped with a solitary hair ; 332 AMPIHIPODA NORMALIA. carpus with the inferior angle rounded obliquely and furnished with a single hair; propodos one-fourth the breadth of the carpus, increasing in width anteriorly, exhibiting a decided anterior mar- gin or palm ; dactylos long, sharp, slightly curved, but not capable of reaching the carpus: second pair uniform with the first. First pair of pereiopoda having the meros not longer than the ischium, and furnished with a solitary hair at the infero-distal extremity ; carpus not longer or broader than the meros, having the infero- distal margin oblique and furnished with a solitary hair ; propodos longer and narrower than the carpus, and having the infero-distal extremity furnished with a solitary hair that is half the length of the dactylos ; dactylos nearly as long as the propodos, slender and tapering. Second pair uniform with the first. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos distally dilated, but not broader than half its length ; ischium and meros subequal in breadth and length, the latter furnished with a solitary hair; carpus tapering, the in- ferior angle very oblique and defined by a solitary hair ; propodos narrow, straight, margins parallel, furnished with a solitary hair at the inferior distal extremity ; dactylos sharp, slightly curved, nearly as long as the propodos. Fourth pair uniform with the third. Fifth pair as long as the preceding, having the basos not dilated ; the three succeeding joints subequal, the carpus alone being furnished at the inferior angle with a short solitary hair ; propodos longer and narrower than the carpus ; dactylos obsolete. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda double-branched ; rami unequal, long, narrow, straight, sharp, styliform. Telson rounded. Length 51,th of an inch. 3. DITHYRUS. Dithyrus, Dana, U. 8S. Explor, Exped. p. 1009. ** Pleon closing well on the inferior surface of the pereion. Cephalon transversely ovate. [Ophthalmic] pigments not large. Inferior antennze concealed beneath the sides of the cephalon, not folded. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda reduced to mere basa, which are very broad and clypeate. Gnathopoda [complexly | subcheliform. Pleon five-jointed. Telson triangular.”—Dana. This genus appears to differ from Platyscelus only in having the pereiopoda not developed beyond the basa. 1. Dithyrus Faba. (Prare LITT. fig. 1.) Dithyrus Faba, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 1010. pl. 69. f. 3. “Cephalon transverse, tumid, rounded in front. [Ophthalmic | pig- * PLATYSCELID.®. 333 ments two, not large. Inferior antenne slender, straight, four- jointed, first joint longest, second and third about equal, fourth shortest. Basos of third pair of pereiopoda with a very oblique truncation at extremity, apex acute ; posterior margin arcuate : [basos] of fourth pair twice as large [as that of the third], obtuse at apex, ovato-lunate ; posterior margin arcuate throughout, an- terior margin equally excavate: [basos] of seventh pair small and slender, subensiform. Telson triangular, sides towards apex ob- soletely excavate, apex subacute. Posterior pair of pleopoda arti- culated with under surface of segment; rami very unequal, not longer than base. « Length, when closed up, 4 lines ; when extended, about 6 lines. “Hab. Taken from the stomach of a Bonito caught off the Canaries, September 1838.”—Dana. 4. BRACHYSCELUS%*, n. g. Cephalon rounded in front. Pereion not broader than the cephalon. Pleon a little narrower than the pereion, having the fifth segment wanting, or fused with the fourth. Eyes large, encroaching on the inferior surface of the cephalon. Antenne obsolete or very rudimentary. Gnathopoda complexly subchelate. Pereiopoda short: first two pairs small, slender, not dilated; third pair haying the basos large, articulating with the ischium at the apex; fourth pair not longer than the third, basos rather larger than that of the third, articulating with the ischium at the apex ; fifth pair a little shorter than the fourth, basos rather smaller than that of the fourth and articulating with the ischium at the apex, the other joints developed. Posterior pair of pleopoda bira- mous, foliaceous. Telson as broad at the base as the preceding segment of the pleon. This genus differs from Pronoé, Thyropus, and Platyscelus in having the fifth pair of pereiopoda fully developed, and in having the an- tenn obsolete. It also differs from the two latter in having the basa of the third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda not so largely developed, and in the animal generally being more compressed. 1. Brachyscelus crusculum, n.s. (Prare LIII. figs. 2 & 3.) Female.—Cephalon laterally semi-hemispherical, rounded in front. Eyes large, inferiorly developed, and encroaching upon the inferior surface. Antenne obsolete. First pair of gnathopoda short, having the carpus very large, broader than long, the inferior angle anteriorly * Boayds, short; oKxéAdos, leg. 334 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. produced to half the length of the propodos, coarsely serrated both anteriorly and inferiorly, the teeth upon the inferior margin being themselves posteriorly serrated; propodos short, stout, curved, and serrated on the inferior margin ; dactylos short, sharp, and capable of antagonizing with the produced extremity of the carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda resembling the first, but rather longer and a little larger, the inferior angle of the carpus more produced an- teriorly, but the teeth themselves upon the inferior margin not serrated. First pair of pereiopoda feeble, slender, slightly denti- culated along the posterior margin of the meros, carpus, and pro- podos: second pair a little longer than the first, and denticulate only on the posterior margin of the propodos: third pair haying the basos dilated, but not broader than the coxa, and about, one- third its length; remaining joints articulated at the extremity, and together as long as the basos: fourth pair having the basos broader, but scarcely longer, than the third; remaining joints arti- culated at the extremity, together scarcely as long as the basos, and having the flexible margin minutely denticulated: fifth pair having the basos dilated, nearly as large as that of the third, ovate ; remaining joints articulating at the apex, together scarcely half the length of the basos; dactylos a rudimentary curved hook. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami substyliform ; penultimate pair arising within the preceding, having the rami foliaceous, lanceolate; ultimate pair foliaceous, terminating ob- tusely. Telson triangular, with the base as broad as the preceding segment. Length ? of an inch. Hab. Not recorded. Taken by M. Morrisse of Havre. The animal from which the description and figure are taken is a female, in the incubatory pouch of which I found numerous young. These differ considerably from the parent. The following is the description of the young when ready to quit the pouch :— Young.—Animal long and narrow. Cephalon anteriorly produced. Superior antennz as long as the cephalon, consisting of four joints, the last of which is considerably narrower than the rest. Inferior antennz obsolete. First pair of gnathopoda having the inferior angle of the carpus anteriorly produced to a sharp tooth ; propodos having the inferior angle anteriorly produced to a sharp tooth, nearly as long as the dactylos, the anterior margin or palm being as long as the propodos; dactylos sharp and slightly arcuate : second pair uniform with the first. First two pairs of pereiopoda not differing materially from those of the adult, except in being proportionally larger, as, in fact, are all the poda: third pair re- PLATYSCELID.©. 335 sembling the second, but longer and reversed: fourth pair having the basos not dilated; the carpus increasing towards the distal ex- tremity ; propodos broader and longer than the carpus, and having the antero-distal angle developed into a process longitudinal with, and equal in length to, the propodos, against the extremity of which the dactylos impinges and forms a perfectly chelate organ ; dactylos longer than the process of the propodos, arcuate: fifth pair not half the length of the preceding, and having the dactylos repre- sented by a spine. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda having the rami styliform. Telson narrower than the preceding segment. Length less than ,),th of an inch. 5, THAMYRIS, n. g. Superior antenne short, three-jointed. Inferior antenna obsolete. Posterior pair of pereiopoda represented by a basos in the form of a membranous scale only. In all other respects this genus so nearly corresponds with Brachyscelus, that future research will probably demonstrate their closer connexion. 1. Thamyris antipodes, n.s. (Pare LIII. fig. 4.) B.M. Superior antennz having the second joint curved, and inflected against the first; third not longer than the second, tapering to an obtuse point, the whole lying hid against the under surface of the cephalon. First pair of gnathopoda having the ischium and meros serrated on the inferior margin; carpus infero-anteriorly produced, longer than the propodos, serrated on the anterior and inferior margins; pro- podos serrated on the inferior margin: second pair resembling the first, but longer. First two pairs of pereiopoda simple ; third pair having the basos ovate, the remaining joints longer than the basos ; fourth pair having the basos narrowest near the distal extremity, the remaining joints not so long as the basos, and serrated upon the flexible margin ; fifth pair membranous. Length 59,ths of an inch. Hab. Near the antipodes, in lat. 58° 8., long. 172° W. (Mr. Rayner, Surgeon H.M.S. Herald). 6. AMPHIPRONOE, n. ¢. Cephalon round, anteriorly oblique. Pereion not broader than the cephalon. Pleon haying the fourth and fifth segments fused into one. Superior antenne having the peduncle three-jointed ; third joint large, inferiorly conyex and anteriorly produced, having the 336 AMPIIIPODA NORMALIA. superior margin subapically excavated to receive the short flagellum. Inferior antenne five-jointed. First pair of gnathopoda complexly subchelate ; second pair not subchelate. Third and fourth pairs of pereiopoda largely dilated, having the remaining joints as long as the basa; fifth pair rudimentary. Posterior pair of pleopoda bi- ramous, foliaceous. Telson nearly as broad at the base as the pre- ceding segment of the pleon. This genus is very closely allied to Pronoé, but differs in the form of the superior antenne and of the gnathopoda, and in the fusion of the fourth and fifth segments of the pleon into one. 1. Amphipronoé cuspidata, n.s. (Puare LIII. fig. 5.) Three anterior segments of the pleon each postero-dorsally produced to a point, but not elevated into a tooth. Superior antenne short, having the peduncle thickly covered on the inferior surface with long hairs; flagellum uniarticulate, tipped with two long auditory cilia. Inferior antenne having the first three joints subequal ; third superiorly fringed with equidistant cilia; fourth (damaged). First pair of gnathopoda having the meros distally broad ; carpus broad, infero-anteriorly produced to half the length of the propodos, margins smooth ; propodos long-ovate ; dactylos arcuate, pointed : second pair having the carpus not infero-anteriorly produced. Third pair of pereiopoda having the basos dilated, a little broader than the coxa; ischium articulating at the apex ; remaining joints together rather longer than the basos: fourth pair having the basos more dilated than that of the third, and with the remaining joints notso long: fifth pair short; basos dilated ; remaining joints ob- solete. Antepenultimate and penultimate pairs of pleopoda arising from the postero-inferior angle of the fourth segment of the pleon ; ultimate reaching but little beyond the telson. Telson triangular. Length 3,ths of an inch. Hab. In the sea near the Cape of Good Hope (taken by Captain Raynaud in Feb. 1829). 7. PRONOE. Pronoé, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. vii. 1856. ‘«< Cephalon large, filled with the eyes, rounded, advanced, having the frontal surface considerably rounded, excavated anteriorly to receive the superior antenne, with the epistoma* rather prominent. Su- perior antenne shorter than the cephalon, flat, composed of three joints, of which the first two are short. Inferior antenne inserted near the mouth, slender, cylindrical, setaceous, and formed of five * “Tubercule buceal.” —— “ae eee ee PLATYSCELID.E. DET joints bending upon each other. Gnathopoda simple, monodactyle. Pereiopoda gradually increasing in length to the third pair: first two pairs cylindrical ; basa of the last three pairs large, flat, and circular ; fourth pair shorter than the third; fifth having the joints after the basos represented by a tubercle. First three seg- ments of the pleon large; three following having the appendage straight, flat, long, and terminating in two little lamelle rounded at the extremity. Telson short and triangular.’’— Condensed from Guérin. 1. Pronoé capito. (Pxrare LIII. tig. 6.) Pronoé capito, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. vii. 1836, pl. 17. f. 3. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. Superior antenne having the terminal joint long, fiat, and obliquely truncate (resembling those of Vibilia): inferior antenne five- jointed ; first and second joints subequal, third short, fourth nearly as long as the second, terminal nearly as long as the fourth. Gna- thopoda uniform, not haying the carpus infero-anteriorly pro- duced. First two pairs of pereiopoda uniform, cylindrical: third pair long, having the basos dilated; ischium articulating with the basos at its apex; remaining joints twice or thrice as long as the basos: fourth pair having the basos more dilated than the third; ischium articulating at the apex of the basos; remaining joints little longer than the basos: fifth pair short, broadly dilated ; remaining joints represented by a tubercle. Posterior pair of pleopoda reaching considerably beyond the telson. Telson small, triangular, not more than one-third of the width of the preceding segment at the base. Length 4 of an inch. Hab. Coast of Chili (M. Gay). The description of the species depends upon the correctness of M. Guérin’s figure in the work quoted. 2. Pronoé brunnea. (Prare LILI. fig. 7.) Pronoé brunnea, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 1015. pl. 69. f. 5. “Cephalon subtriangular, not oblong, obtuse in front; pigments of the eyes nearly filling it. Pereion appearing in a dorsal view but five-jointed. Pleon six-jointed. Telson small, triangular, sub- acute at apex. Inferior antenne long, five-jointed ; first, second, and third joints long and equal; fourth about half shorter; fifth quite small. Basos of fourth pair of pereiopoda much the broad- est, obliquely subovate, apex prominent, obtuse ; remaining joints 4 338 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA, shorter than basos: of third pair half narrower, subelliptical, ante- rior margin about apex serrate ; remaining joints a little longer than basos: of fifth pair obliquely sublanceolate, apex truncate ; next joint small and nearly round. “ Length 4 lines. ‘« Hab. Atlantic, in latitude 4° 25’ §., longitude 21°30' W. Col- lected November 7, 1838.’’-—Dana. 8. LYCAA. Lycea, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 1017. «‘ Pioments of the eyes large. Inferior antennze folded up beneath the cephalon on either side, and haying the flagellum long. Gna- thopoda [ complexly | subcheliform. Pereiopoda of moderate length, last two pairs abbreviated ; basa of three posterior pairs rather narrow. Pleon not folding against the venter.”—Dana. This genus closely resembles Pronoé, differing from it only in the character of the gnathopoda. It appears to me that the suggestion of Dana (op. cit. p. 986) bears quite as strongly on this genus, in relation to Pronoé, as it does on Metoechus in relation to Hyperia. I think it probable that research may ultimately show that some of the preceding genera (Thamyris, Anphipronoé, Pronoé, and Lycwa) are unnecessary ; but since I have not seen specimens of the last two, I feel bound to accept their authors’ definition. 1. Lycza ochracea. (Prats LIT. fig. 8.) Lycvea ochracea, Dana, U. S. Explor, Exped. p. 1017. pl. 69, f. 6. ‘Cephalon nearly round. Pereion distinctly seyen-jointed. Infe- rior pair of antenne naked; first jomt short; second and third long and equal ; fourth very small, not oblong; the following part slender and flexible, about as long as the third joint. Pleon with a triangular and obtuse extremity. Poda all naked. First pair of gnathopoda broad, hardly oblong, inferior apex triangular : second pair of gnathopoda a little oblong, narrower than the first, sub- rectangular. First and second pairs of pereiopoda slender ; third pair longer than fourth; fifth weak, coxa more than twice as long as the following part; basa of the three posterior pairs of pereio- poda subequal. “ Length 4 lines. “ Hab. Pacific, near Sunday Island, north of New Zealand. Col- lected April 1840, from the cavities of Salpe.”—Dana. 3 $ : 6 § ; PHORCID. 339 Fam. 4. PHORCIDA. Cephalon rounded. Antenne situated on the inferior margin. Third pair of pereiopoda imperfectly developed. 1. PHORCUS. me Edwards, Ann. des Se, Nat. xx. p. 391; Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 79. Cephalon obliquely ovate, increasing in depth anteriorly. Eyes occupying the infra-anterior portion of the cephalon. Superior antennee not longer than the cephalon: inferior antennee “ rudi- mentary, setiform, and composed of three joints*.” Oral append- ages rudimentary ? Gnathopoda simple, very short. First two pairs of pereiopoda longer than the gnathopoda, moderately robust ;_ third pair long and slender, filiform; fourth pair long and very robust ; fifth pair very short, rudimentary. Three posterior pairs of pleo- poda biramous ; rami lanceolate. Telson obsolete ? This genus appears to be distinguishable from all the other families by the filiform and imperfectly-developed character of the third pair of pereiopoda. 1. Phorcus Raynaudii. (Pxare LIII. fig. 9.) ; Phorcus Raynaudii, Edwards, Ann. des Sc. Nat. xx. p. 892; Hist. des Crust. lll. p. 79. Cephalon deep, and flattened anteriorly. Superior antenne two- thirds the length of the cephalon, thickly covered with long hair along the inferior margin, as well as upon the apex of the flagel- lum; peduncle long and stout ; flagellum short, articulating upon the upper surface, formed of two articuli, each supporting one or two coarse hairs. Gnathopoda extremely short, First two pairs of pereiopoda twice the length of the gnathopoda, tolerably strong, but normal in their formation: third pair long, half the length of the animal, filamentary, having the basos but slightly dilated, long-quadrate, ischium short, meros long and slender, carpus of the same diameter but longer, propodos of the same length and thickness as the carpus, dactylos longer than the propodos and of the same diameter: fourth pair nearly as long as the third, being very strong and robust, having the basos long- ovate; meros broad, distally produced both anteriorly and poste- riorly ; carpus rather longer than the meros, but more slender ; * Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 79. I was not able to detect the inferior antennz in the only specimen that I have had the opportunity of examining. z2 340 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. propodos as long as the carpus, but slighter and anteriorly ser- rated ; dactylos short, acute: fifth pair of pereipoda not reaching to the extremity of the meros of the preceding pair, very slender, rudimentary ; basos not dilated. Ultimate pair of pleopoda having the peduncle short, scarcely as long as broad; rami half as long again as the peduncle, margins distally serrate: penultimate pair scarcely reaching beyond the distal extremity of the peduncle of the ultimate: antepenultimate reaching almost to the extremity of the ultimate, having the margins of the rami slightly serrated. Telson obsolete. Length ,4,ths of an inch. Hab. Indian Ocean (M. Raynaud). The specimen from which the description and figure are taken belongs to those entrusted to me by the authorities of the Jardin des Plantes. I am inclined to believe that it is the type from which Milne-Edwards described this genus, since it is labelled “ Océan Ind., M. Raynaud, Cap Fabré, Janvier 1829,” &c., and I saw no other specimen in the Museum. 2. Phorcus hyalocephalus. (Prats LIII. fig. 10.) Phorcus hyalocephalus, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 1006. pl. 69.f. 2. ‘Cephalon with the front rounded, and the anterior surface directed “obliquely downwards and outwards. First and second segments of pereion nearly concealed. First and second pairs of pereiopoda equal, slender: third pair nearly as long as the body; last joint longest, acute ; carpus shorter than meros: fourth pair long, but shorter than the third; basos large and nearly elliptical; ischium small; meros large, subelliptical, with the outer extremity deeply excavate (for articulation with the next joint), posterior apex acute, anterior obtuse ; propodos a little longer than carpus, inner margin minutely serrulate ; dactylos short: fifth pair slender ; basos much shorter than the following part. ** Length 2 lines. “ Hab; Atlantic, in latitude 1° S., longitude 18°20' W. Collected November 5, 1838.”—Dana. OXYCEPHALID®. 341 Fam. 5. OXYCEPHALIDA. Animal long, narrow. Cephalon not broad, long, anteriorly pro- duced beyond the antenn. Eyes filling but a portion of the cepha- lon. Antenne on the inferior surface of the cephalon. Gnathopoda small, This family may be conveniently divided into two subfamilies. Subfam. 1. SYNOPIADES. Having the eyes placed anteriorly to the superior antennz. 1. SYNOPIA. Synopia, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 994. Front subacute. Antenne long, and not concealed. First pair of gnathopoda [complexly] subcheliform ; second pair vergiform. First two pairs of pereiopoda subprehensile, having the propoda and dactyla capable of being inflected against the carpi; other pairs of moderate size, unguiculate.””—Dana. < -~ 1. Synopia ultramarina. (Pare LIV. fig. 1.) Synopia ultramarina, Dana, U.S. Explor. Exped. p. 995. pl. 68. “ Body compressed, triangulate in front, sides of the head diverging at an angle of 50° or 60°. Superior antenne half the length of the inferior ; flagellum setose at base: inferior antenne nearly as long as the body and very slender. Gnathopoda and first two pairs of pereiopoda ciliate below : first pair of gnathopoda smallest, meros hardly longer than the ischium, carpus broad and oblong, pro- podos small and nearly obovate, dacty:os minute: second pair of enathopoda slender, ending in two rather long sete. Second pair of pereiopoda rather stout, stouter than the first; carpus broad and a little oblong, oblique at apex; dactylos short: three poste- rior pairs nearly equal; sete few and short: basa of fifth and sixth pairs broad, roundish; of seventh pair narrower, the apex behind triangulately prolonged, subacute. Caudal stylets slender, the intermediate pair shortest. “ Length 4th to ;';th of an inch. « Hab. Atlantic, in latitude 8°-12°S., longitude 11°-14}° W., col- lected May 1842; also in latitude 4°-7° S., longitude 21°-25° W., November 1838.”—Dana. 342 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 2. Synopia angustifrons. (Pate LIV. fig. 2.) Synopia angustifrons, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 998. pl. 68. f. 8. “Similar to the S. wltramarina. Cephalon very narrow, the sides converging forward at an angle of 40° to 45°. Inferior antenne considerably shorter than the body; flagellum consisting of ten articuli ; articuli slender, cylindrical: superior pair but a little longer than base of inferior; flagellum consisting of five articuli. Second pair of pereiopoda having the carpus straight along the anterior, and arcuate on the opposite margin ; propodos and dactylos slender, and nearly equal. “ Length Ith of an inch. “ Hab. Pacific, in latitude 18°S., longitude 122° W. Collected August 1839.”—Dana. Subfam. 2. OX YCEPHALIDES. Having the eyes situated posteriorly to the superior antennee. 2. OXYCEPHALUS. Oxycephalus, Edwards, Ann, des Se. Nat, xx. p. 396; Hist. des Crust. ili. p. 99. Body long and slender. Cephalon produced anteriorly. Antenne situated on the inferior surface. Gnathopoda complexly subche- late. Two anterior pairs of pereiopoda simple; two succeeding having the basa dilated; the posterior diminutive. Three poste- rior pairs of pleopoda double-branched ; rami lanceolate. Telson squamiform, triangular. 1. Oxycephalus piscator. (Prare LIV. fig. 3.) Oxycephalus piscator, Edwards, Ann. des Se. Nat. xx. p. 396; Hist. des Crust. iil. p. 100. pl. 30. f. 10, ‘“‘ Cephalon as long as the first five segments of the pereion, tolerably broad, not narrowed behind the eyes, terminating anteriorly in along triangular rostrum. Eyes occupying all the middle and posterior portion of the cephalon. Superior antenne bent in the form of the letter Z ; first three joints [peduncle | large, compressed, and furnished with a number of hairs; last three [flagellum] small. Inferior antenne large, and having the same form as in Thyropus; but the four joints are subequal, the last being uni- articulate. First pair of gnathopoda shorter than the second; propodos very large, compressed, and with spines upon the infe- rior margin; dactylos not very distinct. Second pair of gnatho- OXYCEPHALIDAR. 343 poda long, compressed; dactylos small, and not passing much beyond the extremity of the carpus, against which it impinges. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the basa broadly dilated, the fifth pair being not more than half the length of the preceding. Sixth segment of the pleon flat, nearly square. Telson triangular. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda short, terminating in two little lanceolate rami. “Length about 8 lines. “* Hab. Indian Ocean.”—Fdwards. 2. Oxycephalus oceanus. (Puare LIV. fig. 4.) Oxycephalus oceanus, Guérin, Mag. de Zool. vii. pl. 18. f. 2. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 101. ‘« Superior antenn oval, and terminated by a little pointed articulus. Inferior antenne small, and composed of five equal joints. Second pair of gnathopoda scarcely longer than the first pair. ‘“* Hab, Chili.”—Edwards. 3. Oxycephalus tuberculatus, n.s. (Prater LIV. fig. 5.) Cephalon and first segment of the pereion (wanting), all the seg- ments having dorsally an anterior and a posterior small tubercle. Second pair of gnathopoda having the carpus produced anteriorly to quite the length of the propodos, margins smooth ; propodos long-ovate ; dactylos half as long as the propodos. Posterior pair of pereiopoda rudimentary, not so long as the basos of the pre- ceding pair. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami short, serrated ; penultimate not so long as the preceding, having the margins of the rami smooth; ultimate not reaching to the extremity of the telson, rami having the margins serrated. Tel- son acutely triangular, margins serrated. Length .8,ths of an inch. 20 Hab. Cape of Good Hope (MZ. Raynaud). The label on the bottle in which the animal has been preserved is not distinct, except that it was taken by “ M. Raynaud, Cap® de la Chevrette, Cap Fabré, Janvier 1829 ;”’ but as the label attached to Amphipronoé cuspidata corresponds with this, I assume that the animals were found about the same time, since they were taken at nearly the same place. 344 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. 3. RHABDOSOMA. Rhabdosoma, White, Sir E. Belcher’s Voyage of the Samarang, p. 63. Macrocephalus, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd ser. i. p. 362. Animal long and slender. Cephalon produced anteriorly into a long rostrum, narrowed behind the eyes. Pleon having the three an- terior segments normal; the fourth and fifth fused into one, long, cylindrical, narrow; sixth long, cylindrical, narrow. Superior antennee in front of the eyes, short ; inferior antenne folded be- neath the cephalon. Gnathopoda short, complexly chelate. Pe- reiopoda not having the basa dilated. Three posterior pairs of pleopoda biramous. Telson cylindrical, long. This genus is incorporated with Oaycephalus by M.-Edwards. 1. Rhabdosoma armatum. (Puare LIV. fig. 6.) an armatum, White, Sir E. Belcher’s Voyage of the Samarang, Gavcepiiales armatus, Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 101. Macroce viele longirostris, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd. ser. i. p. 362. Female.—Cephalon as long as the animal; rostrum five times as long as the rest of the cephalon. Second and third segments of the pleon postero-dorsally produced into a point; fourth and fifth segments fused together; sixth segment nearly as long again as the preceding. Superior antenne terminating in a long-oval flat joint; inferior antenns obsolete. First pair of gnathopoda having the carpus infero-anteriorly produced beyond the extremity of the propodos, and furnished with a single long tooth upon the inferior margin ; propodos two-thirds as broad as long, and having the inferior angle anteriorly produced ; dactylos short, sharp, and capable of antagonizing at the apex with the produced extremities of the propodos and carpus. Second pair of gnathopoda resembling the first, but much longer and larger, having the inferior angle of the carpus produced considerably longer than the propodos ; dactylos long, capable of antagonizing at the apex against that of the produced carpus, and near its centre with the propodos. First two pairs of pereiopoda subequal, the second a little the longer ; third pair longer than the preceding; fourth pair one-third shorter than the third; fifth obsolete. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda reaching as far as the ultimate, npper margin of pe- duncle serrated: penultimate pair of pleopoda originating from the posterior extremity of the same segment as the preceding, and not longer than the sixth segment of the pleon: ultimate pair of pleopoda about two-thirds the length of the antepenultimate ; OXYCEPHALID. 345 rami long, lanceolate. Telson cylindrical (broken), reaching pro- bably quite to the extremity of the ultimate pair of pleopoda. Length 44 inches. Hab. Taken during a calm, floating on the surface of the South Atlantic ( Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Belcher). Found by MM. Quoy and Gaimard in the sea between Amboyna and Van Diemen’s Land (Edwards). The specimen figured is a female, carrying many ova. It was pre- sented by Vice-Admiral Sir E. Belcher to the Hunterian Museum of the College of Surgeons, to the Council of which I am indebted for its loan. M. Guérin-Méneville was so kind as to show me the drawing of a specimen in his collection, which appeared to be of this species, from which he had procured some young animals. Without having had the opportunity of examining the specimen, I may remark, that the young approximate in form to that of Oxycephalus, showing that the long rostrum is developed with the growth of the animal. 2. Rhabdosoma Whitei. (Purare LIV. fig. 7.) Male.—Cephalon about two-thirds the length of the animal; rostrum from the superior antennee as long again as the rest of the cephalon. Sixth segment of the pleon not longer than the preceding. Superior antenne curved downwards ; the inferior convex margin thickly covered with hairs. Inferior antennee cylindrical, slender, pro- bably reaching, when extended, as far as the extremity of the rostrum ; first joint reaching as far as the eyes; second as long as the first; third as long as the second (rest wanting) ; each joint is bent back against the preceding, and the whole, when at rest, are enclosed within an elongated groove on the under margin of the cephalon. Mandibles having the appendage long ; first joint nearly as long as the first joint of the antenne, second and third short. First pair of gnathopoda having the coxa anteriorly pro- duced to an obtuse point; carpus broadly infero-anteriorly pro- duced as far as the inferior angle of the propodos ; propodos short, stout, inferior angle anteriorly produced; dactylos long, arcuate, capable of antagonizing at the apex with the extremity of the carpus only. Second pair of gnathopoda much longer than the first ; carpus infero-anteriorly produced beyond the extremity of the propodos, the process being slender and curved, terminating in a fine point ; propodos increasing towards the distal extremity, in- ferior angle slightly anteriorly produced ; dactylos arcuate, antago- nizing at the extremity with the apex of the carpus. Pereiopoda gradually increasing in length posteriorly, the fourth pair being 346 AMPHIPODA NORMALIA. the longest; fifth obsolete. Antepenultimate pair of pleopoda reaching to half the length of the ultimate; peduncle having the outer margin coarsely, the inner finely serrated: penultimate pair originating on the inner side of the preceding, and longer than the sixth segment of the pleon ; peduncle haying the outer margin coarsely, the inner finely serrated: ultimate pair nearly as long again as the sixth segment of the pleon; peduncle haying both margins coarsely serrated ; rami short, sharp, lanceolate, serrated. Telson cylindrical, reaching beyond the extremity of the ultimate pair of pleopoda, terminating obliquely in a fine point. Female.—Differs from the above description in the absence of the inferior pair of antenne. Length 1 inch. Hab. Not recorded. Two specimens of this species were in the collection entrusted to me from the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes. The figure and description are from the more perfect. DULICHID®. 347 Group ABERRANTIA. The coxe of the pereiopoda are not squamiformly developed, some, or all, being fused to their respective segments. The pleon has one or more of the segments absent. This group comprises the Order Lx moprropa, as described by Edwards, and includes the family Duxicuipz of Dana. It contains two families. Fam. 1. DULICHID. Dyorrpips®, Spence Bate, Synopsis, $c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Pereion consisting of six segments. Pleon consisting of five seg- ments, exclusively of the telson. Fourth and fifth pairs of pereiopoda attached to the sixth segment of the pereion. Ultimate pair of pleo- poda wanting. 1. DULICHIA. Dulichia, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. n. s.i. p. 521; Voy. en Scand. pl. 25. f.1; Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 526, 1857. Dyopedos, Spence Bate, Synopsis, &¢., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. Superior antennz longer than the inferior. Inferior antenne situ- ated behind the superior. Gnathopoda subchelate ; second pair larger than the first. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda subequal, longer than the first two, having their basa not broadly developed. First three pairs of pleopoda normally developed, two succeeding terminating in sharp styliform rami. Telson single, squamiform. 1. Dulichia spinosissima. (Pxrare LIV. fig. 8.) B.M. Dulichia spinosissima, Kréyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 23. f. 1. Female.—Cephalon produced superiorly into a long rostrum. Last segment of the pereion and the first two of the pleon dorsally fur- mished with two teeth; third posteriorly produced into one long tooth ; last three segments siender. Eyes round, elevated upon tubercles. Superior antennee as long as the animal ; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne about half the length of the superior; flagellum not longer than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the infe- rior angle of the propodos rounded ; dactylos as long again as the palm. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos ovate ; palm oblique, imperfectly defined. Coxe of the perciopoda deve- loped into an inferiorly-directed tooth. Posterior pair of pleopoda terminating in sharp styliform rami. Telson lanceolate. Male.—According to Kroyer’s figure, which I take to be the male of this species, the second pair of gnathopoda have the palm parallel 348 AMPHIPODA ABERRANTIA. with the upper margin of the propodos, and defined by a large anteriorly-directed tooth. Length 1+ inch. Hab, Riscoe, Arctic Seas. The figure and description are taken from a specimen recently purchased by the British Museum. 2. Dulichia porrecta. (Puarx LIV. fig. 9.) B.M. A Si porrectus, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 857. Dulichia porrecta, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 526, 1857. Cephalon not produced into a rostrum. Pereion and pleon dorsally smooth. Eyes round, not elevated upon a tubercle. Superior antenne about half the length of the animal; flagellum shorter than the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antennz two-thirds the length of the superior ; flagellum much shorter than the last joint of the peduncle. First pair of gnathopoda having the pro- podos ovate; palm oblique, not defined. Second pair of gnatho- poda having the propodos long; antero-inferior margin (palm) armed with two long teeth, the posterior being the longer, and directed straight forwards; dactylos waved on the internal mar- gin. Coxe of the pereiopoda not produced to a point. Ultimate pair of pleopoda having the rami styliform. Telson lanceolate. Length 4;ths of an inch. Hab. Banff (Mr. Gregor). 3. Dulichia falcata. (Puare LIV. fig. 10.) B.M. Dyopedos falcatus, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 857. Dulichia falcata, Spence Bate, Ann. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 526, 1857. Cephalon not produced into a rostrum. Pleon and pereion smooth. Eyes round. Superior antenn two-thirds the length of the animal; flagellum nearly as long as the last joint of the peduncle. Inferior antenne (wanting). First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos tapering anteriorly ; palm very oblique, not defined. Second pair of gnathopoda having the inferior angle of the palm, near the infero-posterior extremity of the propodos, defined by a crooked tooth, and furnished with one, slightly curved and ante- riorly directed, at the anterior extremity ; dactylos long, sharp and curved, and but slightly waved on the inner margin. The rest of the animal differs but little from that of the preceding species. Length ,4,ths of an inch. Hab. Macduff (Afr. Gregor). CAPRELLID&. 349 Fam. 2. CAPRELLIDA. Pleon rudimentary. Oral appendages normally developed. Coxee fused with the pereion. Branchial sacs attached to the first two or three segments of the pereion. 1. PROTO. Proto, Leach, Linn. Trans, xi. p. 362, 1814. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust, p. 276. Leptomera, Latreille. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 275. Guérin, Iconogr, Crust. pl. 28. f. 3. Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. p. 496, 1842-43. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 109. Naupridia, Zatreille, Regne Anim. de Cuvier, 2° édit. iv. p. 128; Cours d Entom, p. 393 (Edwards). Body cylindrical. Cephalon confluent with the first segment of the pereion. Pleon rudimentary. Mandibles having an appendage. Gnathopoda subchelate, having branchize attached to the second pair. Pereiopoda all developed ; branchiz on the two anterior pairs: two posterior pairs subequal; dactyla capable of being impinged against the anterior margin of the propoda. Two an- terior pairs of pleopoda rudimentary, biarticulate, in the male styliform ; rest obsolete. 1. Proto pedata. (Pxavx LV. fig. 1.) B.M. Squilla pedata, Miller, Zool. Dan. iii. pl. 101. f. 1, 2. Cancer (Gammarus) pedata, Montagu, Linn. Trans. xi. p. 6. pl. 2. £. 6. Proto pedata, Leach, Linn. Trans. xi. p. 362. Proton pedata, Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 276. Leptomera pedata, Guérin, Iconogr. Crust. pl. 28. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 109. Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 278. pl. 46. f. 3. Animal smooth, linear. Superior antenne about half the length of the animal; flagellum as leng as tke last two joints of the pe- duncle. Inferior antenne half the length of the superior ; flagel- lum about half the length of thepeduncle. First pair of gnatho- poda having the propodos triangular, broadest near the carpal joint, tapering to the extremity; palm armed with fine denticles or spines, and defined by a prominent sharp process that carries two strong spines. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos four times as large as that of the first, long-ovate ; palm waved, armed with a few denticles tipped with spines, and defined by a process tipped with a strong spine. First pair of pereiopoda slender, having the propodos posteriorly armed with four radiating spines ; second pair like the first ; third pair reversed, rudimentary ; 350 AMPHIPODA ABERRANTIA. fourth pair scarcely larger than the first, having the anterior margin excavate, and armed with two spines that correspond with the closed extremity of the dactylos ; fifth pair like the fourth. First two pairs of pleopoda rudimentary. Length ,§,ths of an inch. Hab. Devonshire (Montagu, C.S. B.); Moray Frith (ev. G. Gordon, Mr. Gregor); Denmark (Edwards) ; Shetland (Rev. A. M. Norman). 2. Proto Goodsirii. (Prater LV. fig. 2.) B.M. Proto Goodsirii, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §:c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 218. Superior antennz one-third the length of the animal. Inferior an- tenn one-half the length of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos broad at the base and tapering; palm very oblique, minutely dentate, defined near the base by an obtuse tooth. Second pair of gnathopoda having the propodos large, rounded above, palm hollowed, and filled with a semimembranous tissue ; margins concave, armed anteriorly and posteriorly with two small teeth ; dactylos much curved, impinging against the palm by the extremity only. First pair of pereiopoda longer than the second, and second longer than the third, short; fourth and fifth pairs subequally long. Length }2ths of an inch. Hab. Moray Frith (Rev. G. Gordon) ; Shetland (Rev. A. M. Nor- man). 3. Proto elongata, (Prater LV. fig. 3.) Proto elongatus, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 809. pl. 54. f. 1. ‘Body slender, without spines or tubercles. Cephalon rounded in front, about twice as long as the next segment. Second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments of the pereion subequal, oblong. Superior antenne longer than half the body ; flagellum hardly as long as the peduncle, having eight to ten articuli ; articuli oblong ; setee few, shorter than the articuli. Inferior antenne about as long as the fourth joint of the peduncle. Propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda triangular, lower angle near the base prolonged into an acute tooth: propodos of the second pair elongate ; palm nearly straight, having an acute tooth near the base, and, in males, a tooth towards the apex. Branchiz long, and nearly linear. Third and fourth pairs of feet longer than the fifth pair. ‘ ‘«« Length two-thirds of an inch. «“ Hab. Rio Janeiro, in ten to twelve fathoms water; taken, from the anchor, along with various Caprellids, January 1839.”"—Dana. CAPRELLIDE, 351 2. PROTELLA. Protella, Dana, U. S. Explor. Exped. p. 812. Body cylindrical. Cephalon confluent with the first segment of the pereion. Pleon rudimentary. Mandibles having an appendage. Gnathopoda subchelate. First two pairs of pereiopoda rudimentary, having: branchiz attached ; three posterior pairs subequally robust and long. Anterior pair of pleopoda rudimentary in the male ; rest obsolete. 1. Protella Phasma. (Puare LY. fig. 4.) BM. Caprella phasma, Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. sans Vert. p. 165, Cancer phasma, Montagu, Linn. Trans. vii. p. 66. f. 3. Caprella Phasma, Latreille, Ency. Méth. pl, 336. f. 37 (after Mont.). Desmarest, Consid. sur les Crust. p. 278. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 108. White, Cat. Crust. B.M. 1847; Cat. Brit. Crust. B.M, 1850; Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 216. Rathke, Nov. Act. xx. p. 95. Gosse, Marine Zool. p. 225. Caprella acuminifera, Johnston, Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. /Nigina longispina, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. 2nd ser. i. p. 476, 1844-46. Protella longispina, Spence Bate, Synopsis, §c., Ann. Nat. Hist. Feb. 1857. , Caprella spinosa, Goodsir, Edin. New Phil. Journ. xxxiii. Male.—Cephalon rounded in front, dorsally armed with a prominent tooth. First segment of the pereion furnished near the postero- dorsal margin with a strong tooth ; second segment furnished with two strong teeth latero-dorsally placed near the centre, and another dorsally situated near the posterior margin; third and fourth segments furnished with rudiments of teeth similarly situated. Superior antenne more than half the length of the animal: in- ferior about half the length of the superior. First pair of gnatho- poda short; propodos triangular, palm defined by a sharp process : second pair long, haying the propodos long-ovate, palm having a deep excavation near the anterior ex.remity, and defined by a prominent blunt tooth surmounted by one or more spines; dactylos articulating with the propodos subapically. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the propodos arcuate, anterior margin armed with small tubercles surmounted by a spine, and a strong process surmounted by several short, distally-directed spines, correspond- ing with the extremity of the closed dactylos. Female differs from the male only in possessing the ovigerous plates. Length $1ths of an inch. Hat. Devonshire (Montagu, C.S. B.); Moray Frith (Mr. Gregor); Frith of Forth (Mr. Goodsir, Dr. Johnston); Cullercoats, Yorkshire (itev. A. M. Norman). Norway (lathke) ; Christiania (Ardyer). oO2 AMPHIPODA ABERRANTIA. 2. Protella gracilis. (Prare LV. fig. 5.) Protella gracilis, Dana, U. 8. Explor. Exped. p. 812. pl. 54. f. 2. “ Male——LBody slender, without spines or tubercles, front obtuse. First segment of the pereion a little longer than the cephalon ; second, third, fourth and fifth segments subequal, rather oblong. Superior antennze very slender, longer than the body; peduncle but little shorter than the body; second and third joints of the peduncle subequal ; flagellum more than once and a half the length of the preceding joint. Propodos of the first pair of gnathopoda very small, carpus not shorter: propodos of the second pair four times as long as that of the first pair, rather narrow ; palm nearly naked, armed with three teeth, one external, one internal, and one subapical, truncate and oblique. Rudimentary feet slender and styliform, a little shorter than the segments. Branchiz narrow, subelliptic. ‘«« Female.—Propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda hardly broader than in the male; palm arcuate, spinulose, short, three-toothed, one exterior, acute, and two acute, very short subapical teeth. “‘ Length ths of an inch. «‘ Hab. From thirty-one fathoms water, in Balabac Passage, at- tached to a Plumularia and a Gorgonia.”—Dana. 3. CERCOPS. Cercops, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 496, 1848. Body cylindrical. Cephalon confluent with the first segment of the pereion. Pleon rudimentary. Gnathopoda subchelate ; branchis attached to the second pair. First two pairs of pereiopoda obsolete ; branchiz attached to the corresponding segments. Fifth and sixth pairs of pleopoda developed, biarticulate, biramose, styliform in the male; rest obsolete. 1. Cercops Holbolli. (Pxate LV. fig. 6.) Cercops Holbolli, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 496, 1843. Cephalon surmounted by a strong anteriorly-directed tooth, and a small one on each side, anterior to the eyes. Pleon consisting of five or six cylindrical segments. Antenne short; inferior shorter than the superior. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first ; propodos ovate, slightly tapering anteriorly ; palm convex, armed with a small tooth, and defined by a sharp process. Pleopoda on the antepenultimate and penultimate segments biramose; rami styliform. Hab, Arctic Sea? (Holboll). | CAPRELLID®. 353 4. CAPRELLA. Caprella, Lamarck, Syst. des Anim. sans Vert. p. 165. Leach, Linn. Trans. ii. p. 363. Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 105. Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. p. 496, 1842-43. ‘gina, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. iv. 1843. Podalirius, Kréyer, Nat. Tidskr. v. 1844. Body cylindrical. Cephalon and first segment of the pereion con- fluent. Pleon rudimentary. Gmnathopoda subchelate. First two pairs of pereiopoda represented by the branchie attached to their respective segments only ; three posterior pairs of pereiopoda sub- equal. First and second pairs of pleopoda rudimentary in the male; the rest obsolete. I have taken upon myself the responsibility of uniting Kréyer’s genera 4gina and Podalirius with Caprella. To this conclusion I have not arrived hastily; but after examining a great number of Caprellide, I found that the development of the obscure abnormal pleon was very uncertain; that the anterior pair of pleopoda were constantly present in the males of eyery species, and are probably the analogue as well as the homologue of the intromittent organ in the podophthalmatous Crustacea. 1. Caprella linearis. (Pare LV. fig. 7.) B.M. Caprella linearis, Zinn. ? Edwards, Hist. des Crust. iii. p. 106. Risso, Crust. de Nice, p. 130. Goodsir, Edinb. New Phil. Journ, xxxiii. p. 190. (Not of Leach nor Desmarest.) Caprella atomos, Pennant ? Caprella punctata, Risso, Crust. de Nice, p. 130; Eur. Mérid. p. 127. Body without tubercle or spine. First segment of the pereion short ; four following subequal, as long again as the first. Superior an- tennie nearly half the length of the animal ; inferior reaching be- yond the extremity of the peduncle of the superior. First pair of gnathopoda having the propodos tapering; palm extending the entire length of the inferior margin, straight, fringed with cilia ; dactylos minutely serrated upon the inner margin. Second pair of gnathopoda larger than the first, having the propodos ovate, tapering; palm slightly uneven, convex, defined by a small tooth crowned by a stout spine. Three posterior pairs of pereiopoda having the propoda with the anterior margin excavate; the part against which the extremity of the closed dactylos impinges armed with two stiff corrugated spines. Length f,ths of an inch. Hab. Probably all the coasts of Northern Europe, but much con- fused with C. lobata. PAT. 354 AMPHIPODA ABERRANTTA. 2. Caprella lobata, (Pare LV. fig. 8.) Squilla lobata, Miiller, O. Fabr. Faun. Gronl. p. 248. Caprella lobata, Guérin, Iconogr. Crust. pl. 28. f. 2. Kréyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 25. f. 3. Stimpson, Nat. Hist. Invert. Grand Manan, p. 44. Adgina longicornis, Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 26. f. 3. Caprella levis, Goodsir, Edinb. New Phil. Journ, xxxiii. White, Hist. Brit. Crust. p. 215. Caprella linearis, Leach, Edinb. Encyel. p. 404. Body carrying a few minute tubercles, the most conspicuous being the one on the cephalon, and the most constant those upon the three posterior segments of the pereion. First segment of the pereion long; second scarcely longer than the first; the three succeeding rather shorter, subequal. Superior antennz not half the length of the animal ; inferior scarcely reaching beyond the extremity of the second joint of the peduncle of the superior. Second pair of gnathopoda articulating with the pereion posteriorly to the centre of the second segment; propodos long-ovate, palm defined by one and armed with two teeth, the anterior one being often less per- fectly defined than the posterior. The remaining appendages resemble those of C. linearis. Length ? of an inch, Hab. Northern coasts of Europe. Cullercoats(Rev. A. M. Norman); Kame’s Bay, Millport, N. B. (Mr. Robertson). I have little doubt that all the Caprelle which have the first and second segments of the perion long are males, whereas those which have them short are females, even should the ovigerous plates be wanting in the latter. 3. Caprella tabida. (Pxrare LVI. fig. 1.) Caprella tabida, Lucas, Algérie, f. 6. This animal corresponds very closely with C. linearis ; it is a little more robust than the type, but scarcely more so than a specimen dredged by Mr. Barrett in the Atlantic, or than some which have been sent to me by Mr. Robertson from Kame’s Bay, Millport. The palm of the propodos of the second pair of gnathopoda is not defined, slightly concave, and furnished with cilia. Hab. Coast of Algeria (M. Lucas). 4. Caprella typica, (Prater LVI. fig. 2.) Podalirius typicus, Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 25. f. 1. Like C. linearis, but more robust, particularly the female. Palm of the second pair of gnathopoda defined, in the male, by a strong recurved tooth, in the female by a small obtuse tooth. Hab. Arctic Sea (Kroyer). CAPRELLIDD. 355 5. Caprella septentrionalis. (Prarr LVI. fig. 3.) Caprella septentrionalis, Kroyer, Voy. en Scand. pl. 25. f. 2. Body robust. Small tubercle on cephalon. . arcoese 205 SQUGLGT aiaen reser 5 (Gammarus) sal- COLOR mae eee i) sedentartus ...... 316 (Gammarellus) sedentarius ... 316 Gammarus) spi- NOSUS oe 130 | Gaprella ~:....cessescuens 393 acanthifera ...... 360 aculeata .......-: 364 acuminifera 309 acuminiferd...... 351 acutifrons 396 aequilibra......... 362 ALOMOS .... 2.62405 353 attenuata ......... 364 Calva’ (...-sbeeena 359 COINItA je aeae ees 356 dilatata ...<-4..- 357 equilibra ........ 362 geometrica ...... 357 globiceps ......... 363 praciisy ...snece 365 FLY SURO erase 309 SANUATE ... 00025. 362 (UIST sneak beet dot PAGE Caprella linearis...... 353 Gimearis ....scvee 354 lohatars;, :scsebseat B54 longicollis ...... 362 longimanus ...... 360 luctator ......... 365 NOUOEEH beens kast.s 307 Pennantti ...... 356 phasma ......ee 351 punetata ......... 353 robusta»: 2723s: 358 TOOUSED..cc2hk cea 361 sanguinea ...... 360 SCAULA< oss siete. 28 355 septentrionalis... 355 solitaria ......... 365 Spinifera ......... 361 SPUNOSH. «6.00000 351 spinosissima 361 Stimpsoni ...... 361 tabida) tc .cons 3D4 | tenella =. Ress 363. | tuberculata ...... 560 TY Pia ese ss ea Bot Wiha Ss ee0es0 364 CAPRELLIDZ ......... 3549 Ceradocus vecccicesese 181 orchestipes ...... 187 Cerapodina abditus... 263 Derapus® \.25.3..<200s 262 BDA Sh seaned. 263 Brasiliensis ......_ 267 difformis ......... 265 (?) fasciatus ......... 267 PUCICOLA woecccsss 256 Pan Gert inne sce 264 Wesehit— + sss 268 macrodactylus... 266 pelagicus ......... 250 PULNAT Aras 267 rubricornis ...... 265 tubularis .... .... 262 WPRtEL seca ee 270 Wevoops is. 23.603\4 ase 3d2 Holbolltncs. tae. 352 Mhelinay tee ss. 285 terebrans ......... 285 CHELURIDE ...3...5.5+5 285 | Olydonta sts iecie. 284 | PEACIUG ec ores AN) 306 PAGE Gammarus asper'_... 230 assimilis ......... 214 Atchensis......... 217 Atlanticus ...... 68 bispinosus ...... 222 IBOPeUS..:..c00-.+ 213 Brasiliensis ...... 180 brevicaudatus .. f Be Camptolops...... 209 campylops ..... 209 CAMYLOPS vo... .00 209 Cancellus.......+: 200 CATINATUS ....2.44. 134 Caspius ......... 214 confervicolus ... 218 dentatus ... 198, 225 OUbIGS|-c csc. sec es 223 Duebenti ......... 206 Digest ......50. 182 Edwards ...... 208 CHEQUE isc bse 117 Ermannii ...... 179 fasciatus ......... 210 Jimbriata ......... 169 fissicornis ...... 380 flabellifer......... 222 fluviatilis... 207, 380 FOSSATUM oo... 00. 207 fucicolus ......... 212 Fuegiensis ...... 194 furcicornis ...... 193 THTIIG MrasoSoaeeeaee 69 glacialis ......... 213 gracilis ......... 215 GTOSSIMANUS. ..... 188 AnYposttt .. 2.203 188 TA ECUS hee een 232 inequimanus 182 Kroyert ... 215, 229 LEVIS tweets 227 latissimus ...... 129 Latretlltt ......... 200 littoreus ......... 27 Mocusta ase 206 loeustoides ...... 218 longicauda ...... 229 longicornis ...... 280 longimanus ...... 227 TONGtpes 2... 100 166 EOUCNIE sec eee 193 Maackii ......... 217 MACTONYL. «2.1.04. 167 macrophthalmus 203 maculatus ...... 223 maculatus ...... 183 marinus ......... 215 MATINUS .eer.eee. 208 TITUS eee ee 221 MUCTONATUS ...... 203 multifasciatus ... 211 INDEX, PAGE Gammarus mutatus.. 206 UGA we. tui aetee 65 ObtUSALUS 6.64.44. 183 obtusunguis...... 221 Ochotensis ...... 216 Olt AES 215 ornatus [2...-50. 212 Othonis ......... 227 pallidus ...c.00es 118 palmatus ......06 182 Peloponnesius... 219 Peruviensis ...... 231 PANGUIS ...ecsee 200 plumicornis...... 221 Podager ......00 184 POMUrUS v.ceceeee 145 pectlurus......... 215 pubescens ...... 181 Pugettensis ...... 220 ‘Pulexew is. .cc: 205, 380 punctatus ...... 224. pungens ......... 217 purpuratus ...... 225 PUtCANUS «2.62.02 174 quadrimanus ... 194 Redmanni ...... 212 Reselst Wee 207 rubricatus ...... 233 rubro-maculatus 220 aye ESS 191 scissimanus...... 224 semicarinatus ... 204 Sitchensis ...... 210 | spinicarpus ...... 156 subcarinatus 205 Suluensis .. 2o0) Sundevallii ...... 213 tenellus ......... 193 tenuicornis ...... 220 tenuimanus...... 214 CONUS Meee 165 unguiserratus ... 222 Verreauxil ...... 210 verrucosus ...... 219 Zeb g, Be: 256 Glauconome ......... 278 leucopes ......... 27 Gossea::. Se eats 159 microdeutopa ... 160 Graylatir..verastens 101 imbricata ...... 101 Pugettensis ...... 101 Guermiaves. 0s. es. 110 Nicxensis ...... 111 Haploops 25.-..%... 371 carinata ......... 372 tubicola (......:: 371 LIER CLORY Eee ee 322 abbreviatus ...... 324 Hiyale tcc katate woe 87 PAGE Hyale Pontica......... 87 FAY Peria) sobhnts thie eee gee ac 258 OGIUSi) eco eee 257 orientalis ......... 258 pelagicus ......... 255 pulchellus ...... 253 punctatus ...... 260 Validisieeere aes 2538 variegatus ...... 254 | Pontoporeia ......... 82 UNIS! seen 82 femorata ......... 82 furcigera ......... 370 Pontoporeides ......... 97 IPN Ol caer 321 macropa ......... 322 IPRONOG, sce ae 336 brunnea ......... 337 CAPITON 5. nazeces 307 Prosoponiscus......... 121 INDEX, PAGE | Orchestia tuberculata 12 ORCHESTID ......... 4 Orchestoidea ......... 10 Brasiliensis...... 13 Californiana ... 14 | Fischerii ......... Wily) ? Novi Zealandize 10 scabripes ......... 11 | tubereulata ..... 12 OtUB es70 5500s ee: 125 carinatus ......... 126 OXYCEPHALIDE ...... 541 OXYCEPHALIDES ...... 342 Oxycephalus ......... 342 oceanus ......... 343 PISCatOn.;. see .e-2- 342 tuberculatus ... 343 Paleocrangon ......... 121 problematicus ... 121 Pallasea:,.acitecssaee 200 | Cancellus......... 200 cancelloides...... 380 BORO PE cnet nes ee 365 Paramphithoé ...146, 377 GRCUSPIS Vee ene. c- 377 compressa ...... 377 CUEJANS ..ccsceseves 377 ysis. .o: 147 | leviuscula ...... 377 | Norvegica ...... 377 Dono plan. 377 pulchella ......... 377 tridentata ...... 376 iPardalisca ssa 158 cuspidata......... 159 | Pereionotus............ 374 Pestudoy sae 375 IPhsedrae rere wat 119 antiqua ......... 120 Kinahani......... 119 iRherusa,.:5.eeeeeey 143 Barrettis vencees- 146 bicuspis ......... 144 CITRUS Ss-ceoee eee 143 COsbata).ceaeeeaene 145 elesansea.neeeeee 377 fucicola ......... 145 podurajssc.atsree- 145 pulchella......... 143 nase nena eee 88 Rissoanus ...... 88 serratus ......... 88 IPRORCGIDR) Eekect seco sc 339 IPHOLCUSE etek eee 309 hyalocephalus ... 540 Raynaudii ...... 339 IPHOXKIDES#+. Seeeesiss es: 97 | FP ORUS eee ss esc 97 fusiformis ...... oy | geniculatus ...... 100 | Protella problematicus ... . ee eee PAGE Protella gracilis ...... Bd2 longispina ...... 351 | Phasms ...3<-.- 351 REOUS cuss oe eee hoses Jb49 elongata ......... 350 Goodsirii ......... 350 POGREA Chen ceex tie 349 Protomedeia ......... 167 YAROIATA RS 20s 172 fimbriata ......... 169 hirsutimanus ... 168 Nordmannii 171 jad te re ea termace 168 pinguis ......... 170 Whites... 22. cc.s5. 169 Proton pedata......... 349 Pseudophthalmus ... 90 VAG ONS see rene cs 92 limicola ......... 93 pelagicus ......... 94 Ptilocheirus............ 167 TANQUAS™ «6200002. 170 Picitias” CBRE COPE CHEEES 262 | AbMiLUS. .....20000+ 263 | Brasiliensis ...... 267 macrodactylus... 266 QUGNAD a ° 1 Pontoporeia femorata. 2 P.affimis. 3,Opis typica. 4.0. Eschrichtil. hey @ Fa ae ~ Aronats ty Try 7 | fag Eye ets Pak te cohen bape Tileanieet = 5 Callisoma crenata 6 © Hopii. 7. Alibrotus littorahs. 8.Uristes sigas t §}, AMPELISCADES. PL.XV. Adnat.CSB. Lith MJB. WWest imp 1 Ampelisca Gaimardn. 2Aimfgens. 3.A Belliana. 4A limicola. 5.A. Japonica. PHOXIDES Pl XVI Adnst.C.SB Lith MJB, W.West mp 1.Phoxus simplex.2 Ph.Holbollii.3 Ph. phumosus. 4. Graya imbricata. | 5.0 Westwoodilla. ccecula Py ie th Vv ia ntit-“S “ee 4 t toe 4M. Mey ely PHOXIDES | PLXVII Adnat.C.S.B Lith MIB W.Wes| imp. 1 (Edicerus Novi-Zealandize. 2.Monoculodes carinatus. 3M Stimpsoni 4 Kroyea arenaria. _4.Westwoodiila hyalina. 6. Amphilochus manudens. 7. Darmnea compressa. 3 ACS A 4 rn ri oe aki - er ues ee PHOXIDES. PI vee My z W. West imp Sulcator arenarius ay a) or — hy ne) ‘ata, a HOXIDES _ 4 WWest imp Ad nat-C,5 B.Lith. MJB. EE 1.Urothoe Baird. 2 Urothoé marinus — Ly Pan . cy saben ca lih MiB W West imp. othoe brevicormis 2.U.elegans. 3 U.irrostratus. 4.U rostratus. 5 Liljeborgia pallida. N ae 1 Phaedra Kinaham. 2.P.antiqua. 3.Prosoponiscus problematicus. Adnat CSBLAMIB. W.West imp lfiyale pontica. 2. Phlias serratus. 3.PRissoamus. 4. Graya Pugittensis. 5.GuermieNiczeensis. a PHOXIDES. . SPRAAIE LIscoea Montagua. 2.. Iphimedia obesa. 3.1. Eblanoe. Pl XXIII | W West, unp J. Iphimedia nodosa. 2.Otus carinatus. 3.Acanthonotus testudo, 4.A-Serratus. ' 5¢é & 69. Brandtia latissima. — Se et 5 lhe aan EI PRE A mm i ae Nt. re Wl are Th. " € “ay tA cAk GAMMARIDE 5S / PL XXIV. Adnat C5B LithM JB W West imp 1Dexamine spmosa. 2.D.Blossevilliana.3_D. Loughrim.4D.tenuicornis. 5.D.tricuspis +e GAMMARIDES. Adnaz.C SB. Lith MJB WWest imp | Atylus carinatus. 2k3.Young d° 4A Huxleyanus. .* 7 et «wy a rs Lae barry ac wt 7 t ed ace alee tah) et i ee _ al afin os © = = é . he i—_ oe eer GAMMARIDES. Js et te a, ae —* (ey pee ee Adnat.C SB.IithMIB. 6~ W.West, imp. Villosus. 2: A. Swammerdamii. 3.A:Gibbosus. 4A Austrinus.5.A-mermis.6.A.crenulatus. GAMMARIDES . ~ -PL-XXVIL. Adnat.C.SB Lith MIB. 1. Atyhus bispinosus. 2.A.simplex 3.A fissicauda. 4A Capensis. 5.Pherusa pulchella. | 6.Ph. arrus. 7.Ph. bicuspis. 8.Ph.Costata.9.Phticicola.10.Ph Barretti. GAMMARIDES. Pl. XXVIIL. Adnat.C.SB.Iith MJB. aramphithoe histryx. 2.Calliope loviuscula. 3.C. Ossiani. 4. C, Grandoculus. 5.Amphithonotus Edwardsu. 6.Eusirus Cuspidatus. 7. 1° Young. Adnat.C.$B.lith MJB. W.West, imp. wie s Helvetioe. 2. Leucothée articulosa. 3.Lfurma.4:L.Grandimanus. 5.Seba mnominata. 6.Gossea microdentopa. 7. Aora gracilis. 8.A.Typica. 9. Stmpsoma Chelifera. AN a) fs daaecsotaes : WWest imp. 1 Microdentopus gryllotalpa. 2 M_Websteri. 3 M anomalus.4.M.tenus. 5M versiculatus. 6 Protomedia. hirsutirnanus Pe atu nat. hs Lih MJB. 1. Protomedia fimbriata. 2. PWhitei. 3. P-pngnis. en pilosa. 5.B Robertsom. 6 B.pelagica. : ‘W West, imp stygius. 2.N.fontamus. 3.N.kochianus. 4..N. puteanus. is cing 6.Crangonyx Subterraneus. 7. C. Ermanii. marella brevicaudata. 9. G. Brasiliensis. GAMMARIDES. Adnat..C.5.Blith MB. . W.Weat, izap. 1. Gammarella pubescens. 2.Melita palmata. 3.M.obtasata.4.M-proxima. 5.M-podager 6.M. gladiosa. 7.M-valida. 8. M.setipes. eae eee ‘ ng 1 ] 1 F . _ WWest,imp. | Melta amsochir. 2.M Fresnelh.3.Mcera grossimanus. 4M. truncatipes. 5.M. Blanchard. 6.M.Dance.’7.M.pocillimanus. 8.M-pectinicrus. GAMMARIDE S. 1+ 1 ao BLKKY. Oe ae oy) ‘ xh y nme ne W.West, imp |. MceraLovem. 2. M-farcicormis. 3.M tenella 4. M Fuegeensis. 5.M quadrimanus. 6.M-tenuicormis. 7. Furystheus erythropl s.8.E.bispmimanus. 5.Amatia Sabmii.10.A carmata. []_A.carmo-spmosa. r ot‘ \ nA ' AP f P (As: ; % ’ Fy ge i got oy i FR: VA 4 Uy vt ah = 1. Pallasea cancellus. 2. Gammaracanthus loricatus. semicarinahus. 4.G.pulex. 5.G.subcarinatus. 6.6: locusta. ey : « WWoest, imp. Pl. XXXVIT. 2 ies eee: cow 2 hee BEE ey ¢ z. W West, mp 1. Gammarus flumiatilis. 2.G-Edwardsii. 3.G-camptolops. 4. G.Sitchensis. 5.G-Verrauxil. 6.G-tfasciatus.7.G-multfasciatus. 8. G:ornatus. 9.G-Redmanm. 10.G: boreus. W.West ee ee 2.G.tenuimanus. 3.G.Caspius. 4. Gmarimus. 5.G-Ochotensis. a G.arcticus. 7.G.Atchensis. 8. G.Maacki. 9.G. conferviculus. 10. G.locustoides. in OW wt 4 me © ~ 7 t ‘ : A = NS . oe . * ay Ave 4 Aduat.CSB, ith MJB. WWest imp 1 Gammnarus verrucosus. 2. G..’eloponesus. 3. GPugettensis. ri ea dentata.. q 5. M. serrata. 6. M.semmiserrata. 7. Mlongimamus. 8 MOthonis. —— GAMMARIDE S$ gh | ' \ ; “ ks vi W Wea, imp. i | Megamoera sildert 2.M. brevicandata. 3.M. longicanda. 4M. Kroyeri. 5.Masper. 6.M.Suluensis. 7.M albida. 8.M.reruviensis. 9.M Indica. PODOCERIDES. _ PL. XLI. W.West,i L_ Amphithoe rubricata. 2.A. ltttorma. 3.A.pelagica. 4A. gammeroides. ” 5 A lacertosa. 6.A.Falklandi. 7.A.ustraliensis. 8, A esmaresti. Ff ee Tht i? woe a ses) PODOCERIDES. a co oe iB ot Adnat. C.S.B nth MJB ae 1. Amphithoe Raymondii. 2A filosa. 3.A Indica. 4A Picta. 5.A.Chilensis. 6.A Vaillanti. 7. A-rubia. 8.A rubella. 9.A.Orientalis.10.A Tongensis. PODOCERIDES. Pl. XLII. Adnat.C.SB. Lith MJB. WWest-imp. _Amphithoe peregrina 2.A brevipes .3.A.Brasiliensis. 4A -filicornis. 5. Sunamphithoe hamutus. 6.S.confomata. 7 S:podoceroides. 8. Podocerus pulchellus. 9. P-vahdus. 10. Pvariegatus. Be eT aan omchne X 1) enasilane 4 TI hmrenhrorme IU) nrmctam. — = 4 4 i em” aan: hee See —(i—O PODOCERIDES. ~* Adnar, CSB Lith MJB W.Wast imp 1. Podocerus falcatus. 2.P.pelagicus. 3.P.capillatus. 4:P. cylindricus. 5.P Ocius. 6. P.Orientahs.'7.Dercothoe emistins. 8.D.speculans. 9.D.brsuticornis.10.D-punctatus. re PODOCERIDES. | PL XLV. = \\ W\\\ As ; Ip, oS / ~ Lgl gn Adnst CSB LthMAB. WWest imp. 1 Cerapus tubularis. 2 C.abditus. 3.C. Hunteri 4. Crubricorms. 5.C.difformis. 6.C:macrodactylus 7.C.pugnax. 8.C.Brasihensis. 9. Siphoncecetus crassicorms. 10.5. White. COROPHIIDES. : PLXLVI. eT) a Ba = 5 So ae Eo : ome | % i ee A Se eee ies AN ge t oe \ f | / Me : NK “Sree ma. Lae 908 lef tL imp 1. Siphoncecetus typicus 2. Neenia tuberculosa. 3. N.rimapalma.4.N Excavata5Nundata, 6.Cyrtophiam Drasiliensis.7.C. orientale. 8.C. Darwin. 9.C.tuberculatum. 10.Cratippus tanmipes. ESB lihMIB COROPHIIDES. Pl. XLVI. ~ Adnat SB fae WWest imp 1. Driope irorata. 2.D. crenatipalma. 3.Unciola leucopis.4. Corophium longicome 5.C.spmicorme. 6.C.crassicome. 7.C. quadriceps 8 Clydoma gracilis. 9. longipes.10.Icillius ellipticus. Adnat.C.$ B. ath MJ.B. WWest imp. 1 Ghelura terehrans. 2.Lestigonus exulans. 3.L.Gaudichandii. 4.L Kmahani. 5.L.rubescens.6.L Fabrei. 7.L.ferus. 8.L.fuscus. 9.Hyperia galba.10.H.cyaneee. a Mi a Adnat0.S B.IithMAB 1 Hyperia medusarum. 2.Hmacrocephala. 3.H.agilis. 4.8 trigona. 5H. oblivia. 6. Vibilia Edwardsii. 7. V. Edwardsit. young. 8.V.affnas. 3:V. Jeangerardii. 10-V.depilis. ' o YW Wost rump 1 Cyllopus magellanicus. 2.CLucasn. 3.C Danze.4. Danii detulis.5D.depressa.6.D (?)mzequipes. 7.Cystosoma neptun. 8 .Thamisto antarctica. 9'T Gaérinii 102 Gaudichandn. || Larctica 12,T crassicorms. AdnatCSBithM JB. 1 Phronima sedenlavia. 2.P. cusws. 3.) Bomeansis.4PAvanuca 5Phrosma semilunata. 6,.PhNicetensis,’7Ph. longispina. 8.Primno macropa. 9.Anchylomera antipodes fmale/\0.A antipodes (female/. ; = / y) ah WP NY | Ly my LY kaos’ \ \ ene oe } 4 HERD aos ‘\ ‘3 — \ Adnat.CSB lith MIB. W.Wost‘imp. ‘Anchilomera Blossevillei. 2..A Hunteri. 3.A abreviata.4.A sedentaria. 5.A:purpurea.6.A Thyropoda. 7.Thyropus ovoides. 8.T-ferus. 9. PlatyscelusRissomz 10. P.serratus. 1] Pserratus.young. PLATYSCELIDAS. 1) nN SY | Hy Yi it Adnat CSB lita MJB. : | West imp. 1Dathyrus Haba. 2-Brachyscelus crusculum. 3.B. cruscubum young 4 Thamyris antipodes. 5.Amphipronoé cuspidata. Pronée capito.7,P/brmea. 8 Jycaea ocdhrocea.9 Pharous Raynaudii. 10.P-hyalocephalus. , ? . «~ Oe eee Lares Ul ee x . nT oY. qi . i : hl ? 7 4 —_ . My Ss A y tee ans en O« 7 agers iy verre ae _ -Synopla.ultramarina. eee aes ons. 3.Oxycephahis piscator 4.0. oceanicus.5.0.taberculatus. 6.Rhabdosoma armatum.7.R.curvicome.8.Dulichia spinosissima. 9-D:porecta.10.D falcata. 2 en eee ee — ee ee oe eee WWost amp 1 Proto pedata. 2.P.goodsiru. 3.Pelangata .4. Protellaphasma. 5. P gracilis. 6.CercopsHolbolli. 7.Caprelia lmearis. 8.C.lobata ay 459 e's Ele com a i = a ; F pi b ae | ‘ ; ae 7 ES Adnet CSBIgh MIB WWest inp. 1.Caprella talida, 2.C-typica.3.C. septentrionahs. 4.C.Scaura. 5.C. comuta.6.C.acrttvons. 7.Cnodosa. © C.geanetrica. 9.C dilatata.10,Crobusta. IL C.acummuifera CAPRELLIDA. : Baa Adnst CSB Lith MIB. 1.Caprella calva. 2.C.acanthifera. 3.C.spmossissima. 4. C.longicoilis 5 Coequilibra. 6.C.tenella. 7.C.attemata 8.C.aculeata.9.Cultima. ee ee Aanat CSB Lith MIB, 1 Cyamms gracihs. 2.C.ceti. 3.C. ovalis. 4.0. abreviatus. 5.C. Thompsoni <= ae —"s, ~~ pa W. West imp = Se oe pg oe en a ——— ee Ra thoaks L ritish Museum (Natural History / / } of 700] ory 5 atalocue of the specime: of amphipodous Crustacea LO iD PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY | | | + 4 ; baat . Ah) shack RO \; e uy 4 ay “abe . wn Tey) NARS CANS + aN i eleic wide Se are BabA ~ insta A + Aya tA: sa “s Serer ) * MRR ls ese ae : v 4 ALAS a euch 4 bit} me tan Vogt chy eytyha ; Sahat ' AMA pa Se ak venkgt ARUN AN Oh Vat can ee LAs Sek . UTA A ba i ! at th Hay CaaS sat AL ERE gta! Leyte : iy is heats? Tita b sb pbe kta Pama ‘yt 4) } vib : <4 : 1% 3 Lah: 4 t 4% a Pet RMN a tat FANS 3a + 5 ‘ we teat yeptet | SOARS REARDAN ECE a tat ‘ bey ba ts 3 bi seyy ; hats febahryt AA iba et Be a