YY BER 7 segs iy 4 ’ Z ~\ AS tj, SY AK A SQ \ SS NS Vy Zw Yi ty YZ Ty SS \ S SS S \S RN SS Re WY SS itt te WMG WY Oy SS LY thy tty i tity ty iY Yi Z ~ Yj iy Ui LD yyy Ly SSS thie Z WO SNS PWV i °y°ygo WH ~ SS Ss WWASxs SW S » SS WMV yo AY WAAAY Yj Z LY Ly ty y iTrip ty AG AY \ \ WN AX WRVV ~ ty WRAY S WS RXQ@ NK \ SN NS AS \ ~S SI Z WS Si Ws SS pope errr ne en De hn nto nt ete jeanien Lanne nana nergy AABaeesth ee Fase UW DSE Eee NEN SENS aN Dee Ree Eg ES Smithsonian Institution ibrartes Alexander Wetmore 1946 Sixth Secretary 1 953 | le eee sburpayy atiuogpns a Yysno.aoc atl, OtOgP), : we 14% * UOPALIWSA, plesgyno PPOLT UOYSO FT (ets ERLE rater , 3 Preoug amg A. A PrP” Mpoung Sunpoypyey “AUN “OHLIT‘ONOYLSW HM Da “@ proses } ev Ey sine »SaNAWaa ES KEEL ‘SLOINLSIG Q OLNI GUCIAIG YTOATNG 10 ALNONOO FHL 40 TYN XI 290 | CATALOGUE bina iad OF fat BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND REMARKS ON THEIR DISTRIBUTION, BY CER G Erith: BA BEING LON, )) D.D., V.P.RS.L, F.LS., Erc., RECTOR OF COCKFIELD, SUFFOLK, AND HONORARY FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; FORMERLY DISNEY PROFESSOR OF ARCH OLOGY, AND FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. LONDON : LEN VAN VOORST, PATEBRNOSTER ROW. 1884—1886. This Catalogue is reprinted from the “ Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archeology and Natural fTistory,’ and was issued to the Members in 1884, as far as the end of the Land Lirds (pf. 110), the remainder being issued in 1886. PRINTED BY E. L. BARKER AND (HER SUCCESSORS) CATLING AND RANSON, 8, LOWER BAXTER STREET, BURY ST. EDMUND'S. TONS VCE TO WHOSE LOVING LABOUR I AM MAINLY INDEBTED FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE PRESENT CATALOGUE OF Mies bk tS OF SUL FOL kh, THIS WORK IS GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED. vie 1 y) 4 yw Vere 7 ara ca : ‘ 4 ' 1 iu . er, . mAb we) yale a : eee iy nl Fae in ao EXPLANATION OF THE MAP. The strong line down the middle divides East from West Suffolk. The figures (1—8) mark the districts into which the county is divided for the purpose of this Catalogue, these districts being formed by combinations of two or more Hundreds, which are separatedly marked as a, b, &c., below. Under each of these letters the places of the Hundred are enumerated where the birds named in the Catalogue have been principally found. I have a printed or MS. list of birds which have occurred in or near those places to which an asterisk is prefixed. East Suffolk. 1. (a) Mutrorp and Lorainexanp (including Yarmoury). (b) WaneForD. (a) Belton, Breydon Broad, Flixton, Fritton Broad, Gorleston, Gunton, Herringfleet, Lowestoft, Oulton Broad, Somerleyton, *Var- mouth, (0) Beccles, Bungay. 2. (a) Buyruine. (6b) PLomEsGaTE. (a) Benacre Broad, Blythburgh, Haston Broad, Huntingfield, Leiston, Southwold, *Westleton. (6) *Aldeburgh, Glemham, Orford, Snape, Sudbourn. 3. (a) WitForD, (2) Cartrorp. (c) Lors. (d@) CoLNeEts. (e) SAMFORD. (a) Bawdsey, Melton, Sutton, Wickham-Market. EXPLANATION OF .THE MAP. (b) *Bealings, Martlesham, Rushmere. (c) Butley, Rendlesham, *Woodbridge. (d) Felixstowe, Nacton, Walton. (e) *Shotley. 4, (a2) BosMerE and Craypon (including Ipswicu). (b) THrepLIne. (c) Hoxne.t (a) *Bramford, Bosmere Mere, Creeting, Ipswich, Needham-Market, Stonham. (c) Hoxne. West Suffolk. 5. (a) HartismerE. (b) Srow. (a) *Bacton, Brome, *Oakley, *Redgrave, Thornham. (0) Finborough, Harleston, Stowmarket. 6. (a) Cosrorp. (db) Basereu (including SupBuRY). (a) Bildeston, *Hadleigh. (b) Assington, Boxted, Bures, *Cockfield, Lavenham, Melford, *Polstead, Stoke-by-Nayland, *Sudbury. 7. (a) Rispriper. (b) Lackrorp (including THETForD and BraNnpon). (a) Chedburgh, Dalham, *Gazeley. (b) Brandon, Cavenham, Elveden, Icklingham, Lakenheath, Milden- hall, Newmarket, Thetford. 8. (a) Buackpourne. (6) Turpwastre. (¢) THINGOE (including Bury St. Epmunp’s). (a) Bardwell, Barnham, Culford, Ixworth, Stowlangtoft. (b) Barton, Beyton, Drinkstone, Felsham, *Livermere, Rattlesden, Rougham, Tostock. (c) Bury St. Edmund’s, Ickworth, Nowton. + Two detached parishes, Carlton and nd are absorbed in District 2 of this Kelsale, in Hoxne Hnndred, are in the Map. Seep. 110. Westleton District of Blything Union, CON TEN Ts. INTRODUCTION. Division of the County into eight districts. Authorities used for the birds of each district. Public Collections ‘Yeferred to. Private Collections. List of other authorities. Early notices of Suffolk Ornithology; Willughby, Ray, Pennant, Bewick, Montagu, and others. Notices of Works on the Ornithology of other counties; and of Norfolk and Saffolk conjointly by Sheppard and Whitear. Spaldings’ Catalogue of Suffolk birds. Notices in periodical Works ; Annals of Natural History, Zoologist, &c. Arrangement according to Harting’s Handbook of British Birds, here followed, pp. 1—20. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Order J.—Raptores, pp. 21—42. » II.—Insessores, pp. 42—104. », III.—Rasores, pp. 104—110. » 1V.—Grallatores, pp. 111—170. » V.—Natatores, pp. 170—228. Appendix.—Accidental Visitors, pp. 229—249. Additional Localities, pp. 249—254. Additional Months, p. 255. Additional Authorities, pp. 256—257. DISTRIBUTION OF THE Birps OF SUFFOLK. Extent and natural character of the county of Suffolk. Cornland and pastures. Heathland. ‘ Breck” district. Woods and ancient forests. Marshandfen land. Hills. No rocks or moors. Character of the sea coast. Estuaries and tidal lakes ; other lakes and broads. Rivers. Absence and rarity of certain birds. Decrease of birds of the woods, of the “ Breck,” and of the fens. Increase of small birds generally ; birds of theheaths. Birds of the broads and lakes, and oftne sea coast. Number of th: birds of Suffolk, residents and migrants. Number of the Accidental Visitors. Comparison of the number of Suffolk birds with those of other counties. Good results of the Act for the Preservation of Wild Birds. Remarks upon lozal Catalogues of birds, pp. 2583—274. anit THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. INTRODUCTION. A CONSIDERABLE number of specimens of rare birds are to be found in Suffolk, both in public and private Collections, about which no localities or particulars of any kind are recorded. In many cases, very few if any details can now be ascertained from the length of time which has elapsed since these birds were taken. Many interesting facts about others are still remembered, but are in danger of being lost to science because they have never been pub- lished.* This being more and more impressed upon me by continued observation, the thought occurred to me of en- deavouring to make a list of all the birds which I could in any way discover to have been observed, or obtained, in Suffolk. In order to make this list as complete as possible, it became necessary to examine and record the birds con- tained in such Collections as I had access to, both public and private, both great; and small; and to pick up such trustworthy information as I could get from naturalists, sportsmen, bird-stuffers, gamekeepers, and indeed from all sorts and conditions of men. It became also requisite to investigate the literature of the subject, and the information scattered in a large number of books and periodical publi- cations. This involved an amount of labour for which I was scarcely prepared, and must be my apology for a somewhat tardy performance of a promise of several years’ * Tt cannot be too strongly impressed upon those who possess specimers of rare birds, or any other objects of natural history, that their value is immensely diminished both in interest and from a commercial point of view, unless a record of them is preserved im some way or other. The name of a bird and its date of capture, as well as its locality, should always be written in or on the case which contains it, or in a permanent catalogue. Z THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. standing. It would have been impossible to undertake such a task single-handed so as to do anything like justice to the subject, nor have I attempted to do so. But I have collected all the local lists of birds that I could by any means obtain from practical naturalists in various parts of the county, and have besides availed myself of the few that had been printed; and these taken together may be said to form the basis of the present undertaking. In order to show the distribution of the birds and their comparative numbers in different parts of Suffolk, it was obvious that the county must be divided into districts of some kind. The political division of Suffolk into East and West has been retained, as it cuts the county roughly into two halves, and also keeps the whole coast line in one of them. Thus the sea birds are principally to be found in Fast, and are only stragglers of greater or less frequency in West, Suffolk. ach of these regions has been sub-divided into four districts, furmed in every case of combinations of two or more hundreds. For each of the eight bird-districts I have used one or more local lists, printed or in MS., in which the commonest as well as the rarest species are included. These districts are, for East Suffolk, the hundreds* of— (1.) Mutford and Lothingland (including Yarmouth), Wanegford ; (2.) Blything, Plomesgate ; (3.) Wilford, Carlford, Loes, Colneis, Samford ; (4.) Bosmere and Claydon (including Ipswich), Thred- ling, Hoxne ; And for West Suffolk, the hundreds of— (5.) Hartismere, Stow ; (6.) Cosford, Babergh (including Sudbury) ; (7.) Risbridge, Lackford (including ‘Thetford and Brandon ) ; * For the enumeration of the parishes in each hundred see White’s Suffolk, 3rd Ed.1874. THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK 3 (8.) Blackbourne, Thedwastre, Thingoe (including Bury St. Edmund’s). In some cases it is uncertain whether a bird inserted in the following list was seen or obtained in Suffolk or in an adjoin- ing county. Thus Yarmouth, partly in Norfolk partly in Suffolk, is frequently the only locality given, or even possible to be given, for a specimen, and in such cases if 18 in vain attempting to say to which of the counties the bird belongs. A specimen shot on Breydon Water, which divides the counties, must almost necessarily be included in any list either of Suffolk or of Norfolk birds; and it is here, in the opinion of a very competent judge, that more rare species have been obtained than on any other spot in England, several indeed for the first time.* Thetford and Brandon, again, are partly in Norfolk ; Sudbury, partly in Essex; and Newmarket, although some portion of it isin Suffolk, belongs mostly to Cambridgeshire. In the same way, certain rivers are boundary lines, and birds brought from them may be said to belong to both the counties which they divide. It has been sometimes perplexing how to deal with a bird reported from these places; if the locality has been so minutely specified as to make it certain in which county the bird has been seen or obtained, it has only been included in the list when that county is Suffolk; but if, as is much more generally the case, a specimen is simply marked “ Yarmouth,” or *‘ Near Yarmouth,’’ and the like, it is always included ; and it would have to be equally included in any list of birds of the adjoining county. This uncertainty is of no serious importance as regards the geographical distribution of birds in England, or even in the county itself. For the eight districts given above, the following lists and other documents have been used :— For No. 1 we have the list of birds (occupying ten pages, pp. 3-13) in C. J. and James Paget’s Skelches of the * See Stevenson's Birds of Norfolk, vol. i, p. xviii. (Introduction.) 4 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Natural History of Yarmouth and tts Neighbourhood, printed at Yarmouth, in 1834, (8vo). This valuable catalogue has been largely supplemented and brought down to the present date by help of Stevenson’s Birds of Norfolk (vol. 1., 1866, vol. ii., 1870, the third and last being yet to come), as well as by notices of Norfolk birds in the Zoologist by various writers referred to in the following pages under each bird. I havealso used MS. letters by Col. Leathes to Dr. Crowfoot relating principally to birds in this part of Suffolk, in the possession of the Rev. H. Hawkins. Besides these I have included under this district a great deal of valuable information most kindly supplied by two distinguished Norfolk ornithologists, Mr. J. HU. Gurney, jun., and Mr. Stevenson, who have also in many cases shewn me the specimens in their Collections, many obtained from Breydon Water. (2.) We have for this district Nodes or Jottings about Alde- burgh, Suffolk, relating to matters Historical, Antiquarian, Ornithological, and Entomological, by Nickolas Fenwick Hele, Surgeon, printed in London (J. R. Smith, 8vo., 1870.) The bird-list extends from p. 68 to p.179,forming the greater part of the bock, This very ample list has been materially augmented by the courtesy of Mr. Hele, who has unreservedly communicated to me a large number of additional observations made since the book was published. Many notes on the birds of Aldeburgh have likewise been sent from time to time to the Zoologist, by the Rev. Julian Tuck, formerly of Tostock, and he has communicated others directly to me. The Rev. Herbert James, Rector of Livermere, has also given me a valuable checked list of Aldeburgh birds seen or obtained by Capt. James. Various Aldeburgh localities are also supplied by Mr. Kerry, of Harwich. I have likewise a checked catalogue of birds observed at Westleton, kindly made at my request by Mr. F. Spalding, to whom I am indebted for a great amount of information relative to birds in other parts of the county, many of which were stuffed by his father, an excellent naturalist and an THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 5 ardent sportsman, whose printed catalogue will be mentioned shortly. (3.) For this district I have used two catalogues care- fully made for me by the Rev. Canon Moor, Rector of Great Bealings, and by Mr. Kerry, of Harwich. In the former, birds found near Woodbridge and Great Bealings are separately marked, and in some cases notes are added; and this list is augmented by information supplied by the Rev. W. H. M. Carthew, Rector of Stanninefield, long resident at Woodbridge, also by his brother, Mr. T. Carthew, of the Abbey, Woodbridge, by Mr. Hillen, of Woodbridge, and by Mr. W. I. Phillips, of the Grange, Melton. (See below.) Mr. Kerry’s MS. list comprises an area which may beroughly called a circle of ten miles in diameter, with Shotley for the centre; in this are included the birds observed by him at Shotley, Walton, and Felixstowe, and a few other places, all separately marked. (4.) I have only one checked catalogue for this district, kindly supplied by Mr. Haward, of Bramford, who has made many remarks on the birds contained therein, and has noted their comparative rarity in the neighbourhood. (5.) For this district I have two important checked catalogues; one by Mr, Holt Wilson, of Redgrave Hall, in which the birds are marked, and occasional notes added. This list is augmented by some additional information from the Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, who resided at Redgrave for some time. Many of the birds are preserved at the Hall. The other list is by Mr. Clarke, formerly gamekeeper to Sir Edward Kerrison, Bart., and comprises birds from Oakley, Eye, and the neighbourhood, most of them being in Sir Edward’s, Collection. Sir Edward himself directed Clarke to a great extent in the formation of this catalogue, and my obligation to him is so much the greater, as he was in ill- health at the time. (6.) There isa privately printed Lust of Birds in the neighbourhood of Sudbury, by the late Mr. W. D. King, of 6 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Sudbury, a copy of which has been given to me by his brother-in-law, Mr. Jonathan Grubb, of the same place.* I have been able to add to this catalogue, though not to any great extent, by oral information derived from Mr. Edwin Hill, Mr. D, Simmons, and Mr. Rose, all of Sudbury. The Sudbury Museum, the contents of which were sold in 1872 (see below), would doubtless have been available for further additions, had the localities of the birds been recorded. After many inquiries I have only been able to make out that, though a great part of them were obtained about Sudbury, the stations of a very few only of the specimens are known, some of which are now in my possession. This is the more to be regretted, as I am compelled to omit several specimens of birds of considerable rarity, as the Night Heron and an immature Little Bittern, both of which may reasonably be suspected to have been obtained in Suffolk. Some of the birds, as I was told by Mr. D. Simmons, came ‘‘by way of Harwich,” that is probably from the Orwell; among these very possibly were the Sheldrake, the Lesser Tern, and the Great Northern Diver (immature), all now in my possession. Mr. F. Spalding, of Hadleigh, has given me a checked catalogue of all the birds recently observed by him about Hadleigh. The list of those in and about Cockfield I drew up, with the help of various friends whose names are recorded. (7.) The birds of Gazeley and its immediate neighbour- hood have been carefully enumerated by the Rev. F. Tearle, Vicar of Gazeley, who has supplied me with much additional information, especially relative to the birds about New- market, which he obtained from Mr. Howlett, taxidermist, of that place. To this would certainly have been added a list from Chedburgh, had it not been for the untimely death of the * It is simply signed K, and has no columns, and it comprises 138 birds, some date, but bearsinternal evidence of having _in his own possession, and some observed been written between 1836 and 1842. by him but not obtained. The tract is in three quarto pages, double THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. A: Rev. H. K. Creed, formerly Vicar of that place, who furnished me with a great deal of information respecting rare birds obtained in many parts of Suffolk, and took the greatest interest in this work. As it is, I possess only scattered notices of the rarer birds of Chedburgh and the neighbourhood. (8.) I have only one checked catalogue for this district, but that a valuable one, by the Rev. Herbert James, Rector of Livermere, including many birds shot by Miss Broke’s keeper. The Collections of which I have availed myself by personal inspection, are the following :— (a.) Public Collections in the county : (1.) Ipswich.—In the Museum there is a considerable Collection of British birds, many of which were probably obtained in Suffolk, but very few indeed have been so recorded. This Museum was established in 1847, mainly through the exertions of the late Professor Henslow, the present Curator being the well-known geologist, Dr. J. E. Taylor. (2.) Bury St. Edmund’s.—The Museum contains the Yollection formerly belonging to the late Rev. J. B. P. Dennis, one of the Masters of the Grammar School, who died in Oct., 1861. A large proportion of the specimens have the date and place of capture affixed. The majority are from Suffolk and the neighbourhood of Yarmouth.* A MS. catalogue of the birds, compiled by the Rev. H. K. Creed from Mr. Dennis’ notes, is kept in the Museum, where, along with this Collection, there are a few other birds of no great importance. (3.) Sudbury.—This Collection has been already alluded to. The Museum was opened in the beginning of 1842, under the presidency of Mr.W. D. King; some accountof itby Mr. T. B. Hall, may be seen in the Zoologist, i,, 341-343. It * For a notice of Mr. Dennis and his folk where this Collection is taken account scientific labours, more especially on of (vol. i., pp. 28 and 29.) osteology, see Stevenson’s Birds of Nor- 8 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. then contained nearly 170 different species of British birds. The collections of all sorts are now dispersed; the sale catalogue (June 4th, 1872), of which I possess a copy, enumerates their contents, but not in a very satisfactory manner. (4.) Aldeburgh.—The birds contained in the Museum were formerly in the possession of Mr. Hele, and were collected from the neighbourhood. (See above.) (6.) Public Collections not in the county :— (1.) British Museum.—Only a very few birds in the British Collection are labelled as having been found in Suffolk, They are also noticedin G. R. Gray’s Catalogue of British Birds, which specifies all the British-killed examples of such as are contained in the Museum. (2.) Cambridge University Museum.—A considerable number of Suffolk specimens are contained in the Collection of British birds formerly belonging to the Cambridge Philosophical Society. ‘They are almost entirely from Elveden and the neighbourhood, and, with scarcely an exception, have been presented by Professor Newton, and his brother, Mr. Edward Newton. (c.) Private Collections in the county here enumerated and briefly described according to their position in the above eight districts. They belong to the following noblemen and gentlemen :— (1.) Mr. Coleman, Gorleston.—A smv'l but choice Col- lection, from the neighbourhood of Yarmouth. Sir Savile Crossley, Bart,, Somerleyton Hall.—A small Collection of British and Foreign birds, including a few rarities from the neighbourhood; the localities of many of the birds are unknown. (2.) Lord Huntingfield, Heveningham Hall.—This Collection of British birds is one of the largest in the county, and a fair proportion of the specimens are from Suffolk. Sir Richard Wallace, Bart., M.P., Sudbourn Hall. The Collection of birds procured from this estate, principally in THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 9 the time of the late Lord Hertford, is considerable ; some few are published in the Zoologist. (3.) Lord Rendlesham, M.P., Rendlesham Hall.—This Collection, which consists principally of British birds, is particularly rich in the raptorial and aquatic tribes from the neighbourhood. Mr. W. P. J. Phillips, of Melton Grange —An excellent local Collection, containing also specimens from various parts of Britain. Mr. dillen, Woodbridge.—A Collection which, though not very extensive now, contains some extremely rare birds. Mr. Hillen has parted with others. Mr. Cobbold has a small Collection from the neighbour- hood, preserved in the Seckford Reading Room, Woodbridge. (4.) I have not seen any Collection in this ‘district. (5.) Mr. G. Holt Wilson, Redgrave Hall.—A small local Collection, containing some very ‘fine Specimens. Sir Edward Kerrison, Bart., Oakley Park.—A fine Collection of British birds, containing a large number from Suffolk ; many from the immediate neighbourhood. Lord Henniker, Thornham Uali. A small Collection, containing several rare birds from the neighbourhood. (6.) Mr. Biddell, M.P., Lavenham ‘Hall. A. small Collection, but few of the birds having localities. It was principally formed by the late Mr. Scott, of Cockfield, and most of the specimens, I am told by his sister, Mrs. Peecock, came from Mildenhall. I endeavoured to obtain further particulars from his son, the Rev. C. Scott, who however was unable to supply an Captain Bence, Kentwell Hall.—A small Collection, the localities known ; they are mostly in Suffolk. The late Mr. W. D. King, of Sudbury.—This Collection, until lately preserved at Sudbury, i is alluded to above, and consists principally of specimens obtained, it is believed, in the neighbourhood, and mentioned in his paper. Very few of the localities are ‘distinctly known. ‘These birds are now in possession of his nephew Mr. John Grubb, 112, Trinity Road, Birchfield, Birmingham. Cc 10 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Thelate Mr.J.D. Hoy, Stoke-by-Nayland, who died in 1839, and to whose papers such frequent reference is made, formed a very valuable Collection at that place, in great part from the immediate neighbourhood. Some of the specimens, as his sister Mrs. Lescher informs me, were obtained at Orford and Aldeburgh. Most of the birds are now in possession of Mrs. Lescher, Boyles Court, Brentwood. A small number still remain at Stoke, in his brother Mr. Hoy’s possession. The Collection at Brentwood has been described at length by Dr. Bree in the Field for October and November 1867. There are also preserved at Boyles Court three copies from a MS. catalogue, made about 1840 by the late Mr. Seaman, of Ipswich; the localities of the birds given are extremely few. This is the more to be regretted, as this Collection, consisting of several hundred specimens stuffed by Mr. Hoy himself, is probably the finest ever formed in Suffolk. Some of the birds came from various parts of Great Britain, and some from abroad. (7.) The Collection formerly belonging to the Messrs. Newton of Elveden, containing a large number of local specimens, is now in the Cambridge Museum (see above). (8.) The Rev. Julian Tuck, formerly of Tostock, where his Collection remains. Most of the birds were collected in Suffolk by himself, and many have been published in the Zoologist (see above, under District 2). The Dennis Collection at Bury is no longer private, but is contained in the Museum (see above). (d.) Private Collections not in the county: (1.) The principal part of Mr. Hoy’s Collection, made in the County, is now at Brentwood, in Lssex (see above). (2. and 3.) The fine Collection of the Messrs. J. H. Gurney, sen. and jun., at Northrepps, and that of Mr. Stevenson, at Norwich, have been alluded to under District 1. (4.) The excellent Collection of British Birds belonging to Mr. Newcome, Feltwell Hall, Norfolk, was formed by his father the late Mr. E. C. Newcome, who died in 1871. THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. leh A considerable number of the specimens were obtained in Suffolk. There are also many other Suffolk specimens which are enumerated in the following catalogue, with the names of their owners annexed. I have to acknowledge the great courtesy and kindness which I have received from the owners of the above-named Collections, many of whom, in addition to allowing me to see their treasures, have supplied me with valuable information both about their own and other Suffolk birds. I have also to thank a large number of gentlemen who have been so good as to allow me to see various birds in their possession, or have given me written notes or oral communications on the subject of this paper, among whom, in addition to the writers of the above-named lists, I must especially mention Major Barnardiston, of the Ryes, Sudbury; Mr. M. Biddell, of Playford ; Mr. W.G. Blake, of Nowton Hall ; Sir Charles Bunbury, of Barton Hall, Bart.; Mr. Cooke, of Polstead Hall; the Rev. Dr. Goodacre, of Wilby Rectory; the Rey. A. Hanbury, of Bures Vicarage ; the Rev. H. 8. Hawkins, of Beyton Kectory; Mr J. F. Hills, of Sudbury; the Rev. Harry Jones, of Barton Mere; Mr. Lambarde, of Assington; the Rev, C. J. Lucas, of Burgh House, Great Yarmouth; Mr. Morris, of Wretham, formerly of Rougham Hall; Sir W. Parker, of Melford Hall, Bart.; Col. Parker, of Clopton Hall; Mr. Poley, of Boxted Hall; Capt. Powell, of Drink- stone Hall; the Rev. W. H. Sewell, of Yaxley Vicarage ; Mr. Hugh Turner, of Ipswich; Mr A. Wainwright, of Great Whelnetham ; and Mr. Westropp, of Melford Place. To Pro- fessor Newton I am indebted not only for much information of the same kind, but also for calling my attention to many points which would have escaped me, and for permitting me to consult him on various matters about which I was doubtful. My thanks are, in fine, due to the following taxidermists and dealers in birds, who have shown me specimens in their custody, or furnished me with lists of those which have come into their hands, or which they have observed :— Mr. Bilson and Mr.'T'ravis, of Bury St. Edmund’s ; Messrs. 12 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Collett, of Woodbridge ; Freeman, of Lowestoft; Richold, of Long Melford ; Cutmore, of Hartest ; Podd, of Ipswich ; Garrard, of Lavenham ; Howlett, of Newmarket ; Mr. Rose and Mr, Simmons,of Sudbury; Mr. Hurr, Mr. Lowne, and Mr. G. Smith, of Yarmouth. To these should be added Mr. Thirtle, of Lowestoft, who kindly transcribed for my use the notes left by his father, a well-known taxidermist, and has added to them many of his own. With regard to what has been done in the past for Suffolk ornithology, the first notice that I have met with of any attention being paid to the subject is in Willughby’s Ornithology. Francis Willughby died in 1672, and his papers were arranged and edited by John Ray, the veritable father of English naturalists. The first edition was entitled Ornithologice Libri tres (London, 1676, folio), and contained 78 plates. In the preface “ D. Philippus Skippon de Wrentham, in Suffolcia, armiger,” (pref, a 3) is named amongst those who rendered assistance to the work. Nothing is said of the nature of the help received from Sir Philip &kippon, but in the English edition ‘ trans- lated and enlarged with many additions,” by Ray, which appeared two years later (1678), and contained the same plates, we find more explicit information—‘‘ Sir Phillip Skippon, of Wrentham, near Bliborough (Blythburgh), in the county of Suffolk, Knight, who communicated the pictures of several birds we wanted.” In the Latin edition I can find no localities given for Suffolk birds, but in the English edition a few such are recorded, having probably been added by Ray himself. ‘‘ The Bustard,” he says, ‘‘is foundin . . Suffolk” (p. 178), but even then it sold very dear, ‘serving only to furnish Princes’ and great men’s tables at public entertainments” (p.179.)* Of the Avocet he says, ‘‘They (the Avosetta) do also frequent our Eastern * It is possible enough that some houshold book of Lord North are pub- ancient houshold entries containing men- lished in the Archeologia, vol. xix., pp. tion of Suffolk birds may be in existence 283-302, partly made during Q. Eliza- of earlier date than Willughby, such as beth’s stay at Kirtling, near Newmarket. those of the L’Estrange family at Hun- Very possibly some of the birds mentioned stanton in Norfolk. Extracts from the may haye come from Suffolk, THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 13 coasts in Suffolk . . in winter time ” (p. 322), where the Latin edition only has, ‘‘ sunt in Angle maritimis presertim orientalibus non infrequentes” (p.241). Of the Stone Curlew he records that it is “found about Thetford, in Norfolk, as Sir T. Browne informed us” (p. 306). Before these allusions (for Thetford is partly in Suffolk), I have not observed any references to birds of this county. Ray’s own work on systematic ornithology appeared in 1713 (Lon- don, 8vo),and, like that of Willughby, was written in Latin, bearing for title, Joannis Raw Synopsis Methodica Avium. He records two birds from Suffolk, one of which he had himself observed. Speaking of the Pintail, under the name of the Sea Pheasant or Cracker, he says, ‘* In maritimis circa Aldburgh et Orford observavimus. Habetur et alibi inAngha” (p.147). Of the Stone Curlew he only repeats what he had already said “ circa Thetfordiam invenitur”’ (p.108). Up to this time no zoological work had dealt with the birds of Great Britain, excluding those of other courtries.* The first edition of Pennant’s British Zoology came out in 1766 (Lond., imp. fol.), and was published under the “inspection” of the Cymmrodorion Society. It went through five other editions, the last of which appeared in 1812 in four volumes (8vo) , fourteen years after the author’s death.t This was the stan- dard work on British birds up to the close of the eighteenth century. It refers but very seldom to Suffolk birds. Sir Thomas Cullum furnishes him with the autumnal and vernal appearances. of the Woodcock on the coast of Suffolk, and he also states (in a later edition) that a flock of Spoonbills migrated into the marshes near Yarmouth in April 1774. * Christopher Merritt had indeed pub- lished, in 1667, a work entitled ‘‘ Pinax Rerum naturalium Britannicarum, con- tinens Vegetabilia, Animalia et Fossilia in hdc Insuld reperta. Lond: 1667 (8vo., in one volume, and again, in 1677 and 1704). ‘The slight character of this work makes it scarcely worth taking into account in this place. The notices of the British birds occupy only fourteen small It is only in the last and pages, pp.170-184, and he never refers to Suffolk except once, when saying that the Bustard is found on Newmarket Heath, The Heath is mostly in Suffolk. + Mr. E. T. Bennet (in his edition of White's Selborne, 1837, 113 note) tells us that the editor was Mr. Hanmer. He was told this, as Professor Newton informs me, by the late Mr. J. E, Gray. 14 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. posthumous edition of 1812 that an account is given of certain Golden Eagles, said to have been killed in Suffolk. Bewick’s British Birds added scarcely anything to Suffolk ornithology ; the first volume containing the land birds appeared at Newcastle in 1797; the second volume, after some delay, came out in 1804.* In this first edition _Suffolk is mentioned in connection with the Rook (i., 64), and the Sandwich Tern (11., 205), beside that the Spoonbill is recorded from Yarmouth (11., 27.) Not one of these notices is original, the first being taken from Wallis’ Hzstory of Northumberland, the second from Latham’s Synopsis of Birds, and the third from Pennant’s British Zoology. ‘TVhe one new piece of information is the record of the Little Bustard taken alive on the edge of Newmarket Heath, the greater part of which is in Suffolk. The late Sir W. Trevelyan sent the bird to Bewick, who took his figure from it. ‘This work, deservedly popular on account of the extraordinary beauty of the woodcuts, went through at least seven editions before 1848, and in 1882, a memorial edition of all his principal works, including his British Birds, has been announced. ‘The later editions have but little additional information relating specially to Suffolk birds.t| The general conclusion at which we arrive is that little had been done for the avifauna of Suffolk before the nineteenth century. In the beginning of this century Montagu’s Ornithological Dictionary was published in 1802 (London, 8vo.), and a supplement in one volume, was added in 1813. The only original remark relating to any Suffolk bird occurs under the Rough-legged Falcon, where a peculiar variety is described as shot in this county. ‘The notices of the Spoon- bill, the Little Bustard, and the Guernsey Partridge are * Professor Newton has pointed out + The Edition of 1832 mentions as to me that there were two issues of the Suffolk birds the Red-legged Partridge first volume in thesame year. Under the Reed Bunting the Latin name is printed Schoeniclus ; in the second issue it stands Saheeniclus, and there are many similar variations. The wood cuts of the Mag- pie differ in the two issues. and the Squacco Heron, which were ab- sent from the editions of 1797 and 1809. For the different editions of Bewick see Agassiz’ Bibl. Zool. i, 280, and Lowndes’ Bibl. Man, but neither give them com- pletely. THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 1h taken from Pennant, Bewick, and Daniel (Rural Sports) respectively*. Until towards the close of the eighteenth century no great progress had been made in ascertaining the distribu- tion of birds over the various counties of England. Some- thing had indeed been done by Sir Thomas Browne, who died in 1682, in his short Account of Birds found in Nor- folk, which includes a notice of the Spoonbill breeding in Suffolk ( Works, iv., 313-354, edited from the Sloane MS., by S. Wilkin, Lond., 1835); by Plot in his Natural History of Staffordshire (pp. 229-236, Oxf. 1686, fol.) who incidentally mentions that the Avocet is also found in Suffolk (p. 231); and by the same author in his Natural History of Oxfordshire (pp. 179-184, Oxf. 1705, fol. 2nd Ed.); by C. Leigh in his Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak of Derbyshire (pp. 157-164, Oxf. 1700, fol.), by Morton in his Natural Mistory of Northamp- tonshire (pp. 423-431, Lond. 1712, fol.), this last being by far the best county list that had as yet appeared; by Borlase in his Natural History of Corn- wall (pp. 242-248, Lond. 1758, fol.), by Markwick in a paper entitled Aves Sussexienses read before the Linnean Society of London in 1795, and published in the fourth * Later editions of this Dictionary have been published by Prof. Rennie (Lond. 1831), in which he incorporates a great deal of new matter from various sources, besides an original introduction of nearly sixty pages, and Mr. E. Newman (Lond. 1866) in which he includes the additional species described by Selby, Yarrell, and others. I am not concerned to notice these farther. Pennant, Bewick, and Montagu are the only early writers on British Birds whom I have thought it necessary to mention in the text, but, among other books of the same kind, the three follow- ing may be briefly alluded to here :— Lewin’s Birds of Great Britain (Lond. 1789-95, in seven vols., 4to.) mentions under Rough-legged Falcon that the specimen which he figures was shot in Suffolk. Donovan’s British Birds (Lond. 1794-1818, in ten vols., 8vo.) records (from Latham) two Hoopoes shot at Orford, and from the same writer a Merganser shot on the coast of Suffolk. He also calls the Avocet, ‘‘ common in winter on the coast of Suffolk.” Hunt, in his unfinished work, entitled British Ornithology (Norwich, 1815, in three vols., 8vo.) mentions several Suffolk birds, viz., a Peregrine Falcon and a little Auk, both of them shot at Beccles, an Ice- land Falcon taken at Bungay, a Roller also obtained at Bungay, and an Oriole from Saxmundham. He was an engraver and bird preserver, living at Norwich, and had his work been completed it might probably have furnished considerably more information about Suffolk birds. He availed himself of the assistance of Mr. Seaman, an Ipswich taxidermist. 16 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. volume of their Transactions in 1798, occupying more than fifty pages. In this work he enumerates one hundred and seventy-five birds as found in Sussex, and adds various notes and a few figures. Important as this paper certainly is, it is surpassed in excellence by the Catalogue of Birds observed in Dorsetshire, which is quoted by Montagu as written by Pulteney* in 1799, and was published in the third volume of Hutchins’ second edition of the History of Dorselshire (Appendix, pp. 1-22, Lond. 1813, fol.) He therein enume- rates one hundred and ninety-eight species, some few of which however are now considered to be only varieties. Since that time the avifauna of several counties or other districts of Britain have been admirably illustrated by several of our leading naturalists; being either published in the form of separate works, or in the transactions of learned Societies, or in periodical publications, or included in county histories or other topographical works. Among these are to be mentioned two memoirs on Suffolk Birds, one in connection with those of Norfolk, the other relating to Suffolk only. The Catalogue of Norfolk and Suffolk Birds, with Remarks, by the Rev. Revett Sheppard. A.M., F.L.S., and the Rev. William Whitear, A.M., F L.S.,¢ was read before the Linnean Society in April 1824, and May 1825, and appeared in the fifteenth volume of their Transactions in 1827, occupying the first sixty-two pages. «This admirable paper,” as Mr. Stevenson observes, “ contains a complete list up to 1824 of the birds of both counties, and was evidently the result of a gradually awakening interest in Natural History subjects. Arranged in ascientific form, its ample details supply many interesting particulars at a time when certain species, now no longer resident, were gradually becoming scarce.” (Buzrds of Norfolk, pref. vi.) Their paper is the first really important contribution to the ornithology of Suffolk, which, it is to be regretted, is * Pulteney died in 1801. and Whitear see Zrans. of Norfolk and + For a notice of Messrs. Sheppard Norwich Nat. Soc. (Vol.III., pp.231, 284). THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK 12 by no means clearly distinguished throughout from that of Norfolk. Frequently the name only of the bird is given without any remark. This taciturnity ought to mean, and probably does mean that the bird occurs in both counties. Their paper is uniformly quoted below as “S. and W. Caz.”; in the case just mentioned the words ‘ catalogued only ” are subjoined. Their more important general remarks are epitomized. The number of birds in their catalogue is 217. The classification and the names adopted are those of Temminck’s Manuel d’ Ornithologie.* The only other catalogue of Suffolk Birds, so far as I am aware, and that not a complete one, as it does not profess to include the more common species in the enumeration, is to be found in Suckling’s History of Suffolk (vol. 1. Introd. xxxv-xxxix. Lond., 1846, 4to) and proceeds from the pen of the late Mr. T. M. Spalding, of Westleton, formerly of Ditchingham. It is entitled: ‘ List of birds rarely and occasionally met with in the County of Suffolk,” and enumerates 116 species. Mr Stevenson, who knew him well, and had the highest opinion of him as an orni- thologist, speaks of it as “‘ the excellent list of Suffolk birds ” (B. of N.i. 8 note). It is quoted throughout the following paper as ‘‘Spald. Zzs¢,” and his general remarks are frequently added or epitomized.t At the head of the enumeration of Districts and localities, The following is the best analysis of their catalogue that I have been able to draw up :— Number of land birds ‘ 2p LG Number of water birds seis op LOL Total... Hh bce ell Number of birds not specified as belong- ing to either county and probably occurring in both (frequently cata- logued only) + sks rye oe Number specifiedas belonging to both counties ... sae os aco HE, Number specified as belonging to Norfolk... eos ay ae 26 Number specified as belonging to Suffolk ... 000 Soc am 28 Total ... ax sas! Sd Among the birds in the two last specifica- tions are several common species which no doubt would be found in both counties. The Sandmartin is omitted, but surely accidentally. The Golden Eagle is inserted, and also the Great Auk. The first has only a slight claim to be reckoned among Suffolk birds, the other has none whatever. tMr. Stevenson has obligingly com- municated to me some additional notes on Suffolk Birds which he had received from Mr. Spalding. a* 18 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. a reference is always made to these two catalogues when they contain any mention of the bird, as well as to such few earlier ornithological works as may speak of it merely in a general way, as belonging to Suffolk. In a few copies of works on Ornithology there are scattered MS. notes of which I have made use. These are (1) Notes inserted by the late Mr. Lombe in copies of Bewick and Montagu preserved in the Norwich Museum, to which Mr. Stevenson called my attention, and (2) Notes by the late Mr. Dennis and the late Mr. W. Clarke and others in copies of Bewick and of Yarrell which Mrs. Dennis kindly shewed me. The works on particular localities or parishes of Suffolk, have been mentioned above under the eight districts into which the county is divided. It should be added in conclusion that notices of Suffolk birds by many writers occur in various periodical works, such as the Magazine of Natural History, edited by J.C. Loudon (Lond. 1829-39), the Annals of Nalural History, edited by Jardine, Selby and others (Lond 1841 sqq.), and more especially the Zvologist (Lond. 1843 sqq. in three series), referred to in the following pages as Z., as well as in several other serialsin a less degree, including the Quarterly Journal of the Suffolk Institute, and the Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society.* These also have been quoted for the augmentation of the present Catalogue ; and the names of the contributors added. In the arrangement I have followed the Handbook oj British Birds by J... Harting, F.L.S. (Lond. 1872), in which the accidental visitors are separated from such birds as we may designate true Britons, In the latter class are included (1) Residents which rear their young annually in the British Islands, and are to be found in some part or other of the United Kingdom throughout the year; (2) Perodical Migrants which visit us annually and regularly at particular *In vol. iii. pp. 231-262, is to be found M.A., F.L.S., 1809 to 1826," to which a paper entitled ‘Extracts from the I have referred below as ‘* Whitear’s Calendar of the Rev. William Whitear, Calendar,” THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 19 seasons ; some of these come here for the summer, others for the winter, while others again perform a double migra- tion, and pass through the country twice a year, in spring and in autumn; (3) Annual Visitants comprising those birds which occur in some part of the country nearly every year, but in limited numbers and at uncertain inter- vals. He counts in round numbers 130 Residents, 100 Periodical Migrants and 30 Annual Visitants, the remainder being 140 Accidental Visitants, the entire list of British birds amounting to 400 in number.* For the sake of brevity I use the following signs. When I refer toa particular specimen which I have myself seen of any bird,a note of admirationt is sometimes{ placed after my initials thus: (C. B.!). When the letters v.v. follow the name of my informant they indicate that the information was given wvd voce; the words in hit. imply that the communication has been made in a letter to myself or, in some few cases, in one seen by myself, but addressed to another person§; when MS. is added it is intended te signify that the bird appears in a MS. list or checked catalogue made by the person mentioned; whereas Lis¢ always indicates a printed list such as those of Spalding and of King, As it is one object in the following pages to supply an historical summary of what has been previously recorded by writers on Suffolk ornithology, I have not felt myself entitled to pass over any bird which I know to have been published as belonging to Suffolk, althongh I may have seen reason to suspect the correctness of the record, or even to feel sure that itis incorrect. When an asterisk (*) is *This enumeration contains five more Accidental Visitants than the Handbook ; they have been added by Mr. Harting himself in his Introduction to the Birds of Cornwall, by Rodd p. liii. (Lond. 1880). +This notation was introduced by De Candolle into botanical terminology, only he uses it to indicate that he has seen an authentic specimen of the plant from the author after whose name it is placed. {It is not used in the case of specimens quoted from the Collections in the Museums at Cambridge, Bury St. Ed- mund’s, &e., nor of those of the late Mr. Hoy, the late Mr. Newcome, and several others which I have seen, as catalogues have either been made of these Collections or the birds have been sepa- rately labelled. §Tbese are the letters of Col. Leathes to Dr. Crowfoot, of Dr. Crowfoot to Mr. Hawkins, and a few letters of Mr. G. Smith’s which were written to Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun, 20 THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. prefixed to the name of a bird in the text this denotes that it has already been published as a Suffolk species, but that its claim to be so considered is in my opinion doubtful. When the asterisk (*) is prefixed to the name of a bird in a note, this shows that, although it has been published as having occurred in Suffolk, it has been so published in manifest error. When I am aware that a bird has nested in the county, the fact is always recorded. JI have also mentioned under each of the rarer species the months in which it is stated to have occurred.* I regret that these have not been nearly as fully noticed as I could have wished, and also that I am able to say very little about the migrations of different species. The Catalogue, and it does not profess to be more than a Catalogue, which I now present to my readers is as complete as I have been able to make it from the materials enumerated above. Of course itis hopeless in a work of this kind to expect to avoid omissions and mistakes; some, doubtless, I have made myself, while those of others I may not have discovered ; it is often difficult, and in some eases impossible, to verify the correctness of many of the observations recorded by various persons and at different times. I venture, however, to hope that it may do some- thing towards increasing our statistical knowledge of the avifauna of one of the richest ornithological districts in England. *They are mentioned among the particulars in each District, and are also recapitulated below. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. OrveR IJ., Raprorss. *GotpEn Eactr, Aquila chrysaétus (L.). Sheppard and Whitear (Ca¢. 4) refer to Pennant’s British Zoology, edit. 1812, for an account of a bird of this species, killed in Suffolk ; ‘see below. Last Suffolk. 1. One shot at Yarmouth in 1783, “ the extent of which was reported to be twelve feet’’ (Latham in Pennant, Br. Z. i. 201. Ed. 1812).f One shot on Breydon Water, Jan. 1876, and two others seen there during the winter (Creed MS. from Mr. Everitt). Colonel Leathes reports one to have been shot at Herringfleet in his youth, and another by the late Captain Hudson, RN., of Flixton, about 1870. He thinks he saw one himself at Herringfleet in the early part of 1876. (Leathes m litt.). 2. A male shot in Suffolk in the winter of 1810 by a servant of Sir T. Gooch, Bart. ; a larger bird, probably the female, observed at the same time near Blythburgh for several evenings, but it escaped its pursuers (Pennant w. s. 202 ; addition by the Editor). 4, A beautiful specimen of a young Golden Eagle, taken near Wood- bridge, about Dec. 1876. (C. Moor in Z. 3rd. §. i. 25). Month.— December. Districts.—1, 2, 4. A very doubtful Suffolk bird; the young of the White- tailed Eagle having been probably taken for it. But as it hag occurred once in Norfolk (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd S. p. 1863 ; Yarrell’s Brit. Birds by Newton, i. 14), it is not impossible that it may have been seen in Suffolk. Col. Leathes thought that he saw both species at Herringfleet. tHere and in every case, where verification is impossible, the reference is given for what itis worth on the authority cited. 0° CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Wuire-taitep Eacux, Haliietus albicilla (L.) (S. and W. Cat. 4). Frequently shot in Suffolk in its young state.—Spald. Last, xxxv. East Suffolk. 1. Three seen at once near Yarmouth in the winter of 1837 (Dresser, Birds of Eur. under Sea Kagle); another, with white head (?) and white tail, said to have been seen there in May 1848 (Gurney and Fisher in Z. 2185) ; another, killed about Jan. 1876(H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4894). One taken at Fritton Decoy, (not later than 1829) ; in the Norwich Museum (Hunt, in Stacey’s Hist. of Norfolk, (1829) lix.) An immature female shot at Browston, Belton, Dec. 9, 1882; in Mr. Lowne’s posses- sion (W. Lowne «a lit?. who had it from Mr. Buxton, of Fritton Hall), another killed at Fritton wea in spring, 14863 (Stev. B. of IMs 3s (3) Another immature bird shot tl rere Jan. 1876, recorded as a Golden Eagle in Land and Water of Feb. 5 ; preserved at Somerleyton Hall, a magni- ficent specimen (H. Sheranaenn in Z.2nd 8. 4894, and Lady Crossley im litt., C.B!) ; another, taken alive in Lady Crossley’s decoy, near the north end of Fritton Lake, Dec. 1878, now in the Yarmouth Aquarium, reported in the Standard for Jan. 1, 1879, and in other London papers, to be a Golden Eagle (H. Stevenson in Z. 5rd 8. i. 160,and Lady Crossley a Wit ). Two seen at Herringfleet, Nov. 1875, mobbed by rooks (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4776) ; and five apparently of this species in the early part of 1876 (Leathes m Witt). Gunton, 1820 (Paget, Y. 3). One killed near Flixton Hall, in 1844 (F. Spalding MS.). Has been shot near Lowestoft many years ago (Thirtle z Uiz.). 2. A fine young female shot near Beccles, Jan. 1856 (Stevenson im litt.,.who hasit). A fine female, killed at Benacre, in 1840 ; it measured eight feet from tip to tip ; stuffed for Sir Thomas Gooch, by Mr. T. M. Spalding (Spald. List, xxxv., and F. Spalding MS.) ; and two seen there Jan. 1855, one flying low in search of game (Creed MS.). One killed at Blythburgh, Dec. 1864 ; bought from Mr. T. M. Spalding’s Collection, by Mr. Waller, of Little Bealings, who has it (F. Spalding MS.). One killed at Sizewell, near Leiston, many years ago, feeding upon a dead pike, in possession of Col. Thelusson ; one seen there March, 1863, and another Jan. 1867 (Hele, Ald. 68, 69). Shot at Blackheath, Aldeburgh (James MS.). One killed at Friston, Jan. 1874 (Hele MS.). One shot at Slaughden, Aldeburgh, some years ago; in possession of Capt. Dowler (Hele, Ald. 68). A very light- coloured specimen killed on the estate of Lord Huntingfield, who has it (C. B.!). One caught between Sudbourn and Aldeburgh, about 1874, and still preserved alive in Sir Richard Wallace’s aviary at Sud- bourn Hall; in splendid plumage with white tail when I saw it in October, 1881 (Hele MS.; C. B. !). One trapped at Chillesford, by a keeper of Lord Rendlesham (F. Spalding 7 Uitt.). One seen at Lord CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 23 Guildford’s covers, at Little Glemham, in Sept. 1875, and another in Aug. 1876 (Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 4690 and 5178). 3. Frequently seen by Lord Rendlesham, at Rendlesham, and at Butley (Lord Rendlesham, v.v.). One trapped Nov. 1876, in Staverton Park, in possession of Major Barnardiston (Barnardiston in litt.). One killed at Sutton Heath, in Mr. Hillen’s possession (Hillen, v. v. ; C. B. !) ; seen by several persons at Kesgrave, Jan. 1850 (Moor MS.). An eagle, no doubt this species, six feet nine inches from wing to wing, lately shot by the gamekeeper of Mr. R. 8. Lloyd, of Hintiesham Hall (Bury Lost, Feb. 6, 1805). Bawdsey, several seen in the winters of 1881 and 1882 in Ramsholt Marshes (Newson, the ferryman, v.v.). An adult female in full plumage fell into the sea at the mouth of the Orwell, Feb. 1838 ; it was captured, and died a few minutes afterwards (P. Townsend, in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H. (1838) 292). West Suffolk, 5. One in immature plumage, shot at Thornham, Dec. 1868; in possession of Lord Henniker (Bree in 4% 2nd 8. 1558 ; C. B. !). 6. An immature specimen killed at Acton; in possession of Mr, John Grubb (King, List). One seen at Brettenham (Hawkins MB. ; Col. Parker, v.v.). 7. Two trapped on a warren, near Thetford, in the winter of 1832-3 (Hoy, in Loudon’s May. NV. H. vii. (1834), 52). A female, shot on the warren, at Elveden, Jan. 1843 (A. Newton in Z. 443 ; now in the Cambridge Museum). One shot at Lakenheath, about Dec. 1875 (Baker i Witt.). 8. One killed at Euston, preserved at the Hall (the late Duke of Grafton, v.v.). Shot at West Stow (Hawkins M8.). A male killed at Livermere by Mr. Gough, in 1858 (Hawkins MS. ; Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst. 23). One on Culford Heath, 1873 (Bilson MS.). Seen at Drinkstone (Hawkins M8.). Months —January; February, March, May, August, September, November, December. Districts —1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8. Found sparingly along the whole length of the Suffolk Coast, and more rarely in the interior of the county. Mature birds are said to have occurred at Yarmouth, and near the Orwell; but the great majority of those seen or taken are immature, and known as the Sea Eagle, fre- quently confounded in this state with the Golden Eagle. OsprEY, Pandion halidetus (L.) S. and W. Cat.4. Met with in the neighbourhood of 94 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. rivers and large pieces of water.—Spald. Zvs¢., xxxv. Rather scarce in Suffolk. East Suffolk. 1. One shot near Yarmouth, May 28, 1849 (Bury Museum). One or two shot nearly every year on Breydon, or the Broads (Paget, Y. 3) ; a male shot on Breydon, Aug. 2, 1850 (Bury Museum) ; a fine adult bird killed there May 1871; and an immature bird, in Aug. 1874 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 2830 and 4292). Fritton, 1855 (Creed MS8.). An adult male from Somerleyton, shot in June 1851, formerly in possession of Sir M. Peto, Bart., now in possession of Mr. J. H. Gurney (J. H. Gurney, jun. m Witt. ; C. B. !; J. O. Harper in Z. 3207). One shot at Lowestoft, in 1855 (H. Stevenson 7 litt.) ; another, in the winter of 1880-81 (Freeman, v.v.); and another in Oct. 1882, preserved by Gunn (J. H. Gurney, jun. a Uit/.). A very fine specimen in the possession of Mr. Crickmore, of Beccles (S. and W. u s.), from the neighbourhood (?). 2. One killed on Lord Huntingfield’s estate ; in his collection (Lord Huntingfield mm Uit.). Observed a few times along the shore at Aldeburgh (Hele MS.); seen in 1830 (Acton, in Loudon’s Jag. NV. H. iv. (1831), 163) ; shot there (James MS.). Seen Oct. 16, 1875, hovering over the Alde, about six miles from the sea (Clark-Kennedy in Z, 2nd 8. 4690). One seen near Slaughden, Nov. 1874 (Hele MS. and Fveld). A male, killed at Thorpe, Oct. 16 1874; the stomach contained mole fur; it had carried away a tame duck out of the mere (Hele in Field). One shot on Sudbourn Hall estate ; in Sir Richard Wallace’s Collection (C. B.!). Shot near Orford, 1834 (Seaman’s Catalogue of the Hoy Collection). One seen in the autumn of 1880, about Orford and Sudbourn (H. Turner zm hit.). 3. A specimen killed at Rendlesham, and a pair killed at Butley ; in Lord Rendlesham’s Collection (C.B.!). One shot by Mr. Howard, at Rushmere (G. Ransome in 7. 1692). Holbrook, July, 1875 (L. Travis 7 Uitt.). West Suffolk. 5. A remarkably fine specimen, shot at Redgrave, in Oct. 1875, by Mr. Holt Wilson (Wilson MS. and H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 4776 ; Coe). 6. Ons shot at Kentwell Hall, Melford, about 1860; in possession of Capt. Bence (Hawkins MS. and C.B.!), One shot at Stoke-by- Nayland, by Mr. Hoy, about 1834; in the Hoy Collection (Bree in Field, and Seaman’s Catalogue). 7. Four or five observed near Thetford, Oct. 1859 (Stev. B. of NV. i. 6). 8. ine shot at Culford, where it was seen fishing for several days, about 1840, now preserved at the Hall (A. Newton v.v., and E. R. Benyon # Jitt.). A fine male, caught by a labourer in a tree, near Bury CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. D5 St. Edmund’s, in May 1863, having a trap attached to its foot (T. H. Allis in Z. 8677). Shot at Livermere, by Fakes, the keeper (James MS.). Months.—May, June, July, August, October (and ‘‘Winter”’). Districts.—1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8. Of occasional occurrence throughout the county ; more especially near the coast. With rare exceptions, it feeds on fish. PEREGRINE Fatcon, Falco peregrinus, (Gmelin). S. and W. Cat. 2.—Spald. Lis¢,xxxv. Frequently seen on the coast, seldom obtained ; the adult rare. East Suffolk. 1. Rather rare about Yarmouth (Paget, Y. 8); a male and a female from that place (Bury Museum); an immature female taken near Yarmouth, Oct. 1847 (Gurney and Fisher in Z. 1966) ; another, immature male, shot near the same place, Nov. 1871 (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney, jun. in Z. 2nd 8. 2980). About 1800 there was annually a nest in the steeple of Corton Church (Lubbock, Faunaof Norf. (1879), 29,231), where the nestlings were taken and trained to the chase (Stev. B. of N. 1. 10). An adult male obtained at Somerleyton, Jan. 1881 (Freeman, V.v.). One seen at Herringfleet in 1876 (Leathes 2m Uitt.). A beautiful speci- men shot near Beccles (before 1815). (Hunt’s Br. Ornith. i. 64, and fiz. 2, from this sp.). 2. Several killed on Lord Huntingfield’s estate ; in his Collection (C. B.!). An adult from Easton Broad, in the Collection of Mr. Spalding (Spald. Lvs¢, xxxv. and Spald. Sale, Lot 355). Three obtained near Aldeburgh, one immature female, killed Aug. 1864; another, fine male, March 1865 ; and the third, adult female, Jan. 1868 ; one seen there Nov. 1867 (Hele, Ald. 72). An immature female shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate ; in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). Several from Saxmundham in the late Mr. Dix’s Collection (Miss Dix 7 Uit.). 8. Rendlesham Estate ; preserved in Lord Rendlesham’s Col- lection (C. B. !). Sand district across Sutton Heath, in Mr. Phillips’ Collection (W. P. T. Phillips i Uit.). Woodbridge River (H. Turner, v.v.). Two trapped at Higham by Mr. Hoy, of that place, who aiso saw others there (S. and W.,w.s.). Two killed on the River Stour (Kerry MS.). 4, One shot at Blakenham Magna, in the autumn of 1873, by Mr. Peecock, in possession of Mr. Haward, of Bramford. (Mrs. Peecock im litt. and Haward MS8.). A male shot near Ipswich in 1876 (Podd, VV.). West Suffolk. 5. Several killed in Oakley Park ; Sir E. Kerrison has the bird in his Collection (W. Clarke im (itt. who killed some of them), A young D 26- CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. male shot at Brome, Dec. 1875 (Creed MS. from Rev. H. T, Frere). 6. One, immature, shot about 1850, at Thorpe Morieux, by Mr. Haynes Harrison ; preserved at the Rectory (W.'T. Harrison v.v., and C.B.!). A male shot at Melford in Jan. 1880, by Mr. Taylor (Simmons, v.v.,andC. B.!). Seen in Stoke-by-Nayland during the winter of 1832-8 (J. D. Hoy, in Loudon’s Mag. N. H. vii. (1834) 53) ; one seen near the same place in Nov. 1875, and in Nov. 1876 (Major Barnardiston an litt.); has been frequently seen at Tendring Hall, Stoke-by-Nayland, down to 1881 (Lambarde m Utt., Major Barnardiston, v.v.). One shot at Sudbury in Dec. 1834 (Loudon'’s Mag. WN. H. iii. (1830), 511); a fine female, shot close to Sudbury, in the winter of 1835-6 (King, List). 7. An adult bird, shot at Brandon, Nov. 1878 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd 8. iv. 343). Several caught annually on the Thetford Warrens in Feb. and March (Salmon, in London’s Mag. NV. H. iv. (1886), 527). Three adult birds, two male and one female, taken near Thetford, March 1848 ; and a pair, in perfect plumage, near the same place the following year. One or more old birds still (1866) seen at Thetford every year, usually in March (Gurney and Fisher in Z. 2134, and Stev. B. of WN. i. 10). Elveden (Cambridge Museum). October, December. Districts.—All. Almost exclusively a winter visitant, not now common anywhere; it is only occasionally found at any distance from the coast. Wicron, Anas penelope, L. S. and W. Cat. 56. Catalogued only. Districts all. Recorded as common at Yarmouth (Paget), at Westleton (1°. Spalding), at Aldeburgh, where it is by far the most common of the Duck tribe (Hele); at Woodbridge (Moor MS.); on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry); at Oakley Clarke); as occasional or not uncommon at Sudbury (King, List, 128) ; and at Drinkstone (Capt. Powell in dt.) ; and as rare at Bramford (Haward). Reported from various other places. It has been supposed to breed at Aldeburgh, a young bird unable to fly was taken alive in 1878 (Hele MS. and J. G. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. ui., 302). Generally distributed and common in suitable localities. TEAL, Querquedula erecca (L.). S. and W. Cat. 57. Districts all. Recorded as common at Yarmouth (Paget), Fritton Decoy (G. C. Davies), Aldeburgh (Hele), Westleton (F. Spalding), Woodbridge (Moor), Shotley (Kerry ), Oakley (Clarke); as not uncommon at Sudbury (King), and as rare at Bramford (Haward). Reported from various other places. Has bred at Yarmouth (Whitear), Fritton Decoy G C. Davies), Dunwich* (Stevenson), Westleton (F. Spalding), Leiston reed-land (Rope), Aldeburgh (Hele MS.), ‘Tuddenham Fen (lord Bristol’s keeper v.v.), and Barnham (A. Newton v.v.). At least as common as the preceding. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 185 GaRGANEY, Querquedula circia (L.). S. and W. Cat. 56.—Spald. List, xxxviu. Rare. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, not uncommon ; occasionally breeds (Paget, Y.11) ; a specimen killed near Yarmouth June 2, 1820 (S. and W. Caz. 57); a pair sent from this place (in the Bury Museum); a young male seen there by Mr. Stevenson Sept. 29, 1880 (H. Stevenson in Z 3rd 8. vi., 375). A beautiful pair shot at Gunton March 25, 1870 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 2364). A male bird shot at Bungay about 1842 (in possession of Mr. J. W. Clarke, Bury St. Edmund’s). 2. Benacre or Easton Broad (Spalding’s Sale ; Lot 358). At least one pair bred at Leiston in 1873, the bird was seen in June, July, and the beginning of Aug. ; anest found there April 28, 1874, containing several egos, the old birds were seen ; bred again in. the reedland in 1877 (G. T. Rope in Z 2nd 8. 3868 and 4036 and MS8.). Two immature males killed on the Alde, Aug. 8, 1872 ; and a young male killed at Thorpe, the same day, out of a flock of about a dozen (Hele, MS.); seven eges taken in the fen in May 1875 by Messrs. Hele, Moor, and F. Spalding ; the male bird was afterwards found dead near the spot (F. Spalding mm Wit.). Aldeburgh (James MS8.); three shot there Aug. 1872 (J. G. Tuck in Z 2nd 8. 3306-7). An immature female shot above Slaughden in Aug. 1865 (Hele, Ald., 154). 3. Woodbridge River (in Mr. Phillip’s Collection). West Suffolk. 5. Five shot in Wortham Fen in the autumn of 1852 (Creed MS8.). Redgrave (Wilson MS.). Oakley, rare (W. Clarke im Uit.). 7. Killed near Thetford (Newby 7 Uiz.). Breeds. as —April, May, June, July, August, September. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 5, 7. A rare summer visitant, mad weineipatly near the coast and occasionally breeding. PocuarD, Fuligula ferina (L.). S. and W. Caz. 58. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, common (Paget, Y. 11); young birds (nestlings) * A Teal was flushed by a sportsman contain in addition to four or five Teal’s from her nest among marram-grass on the —_ eggs, as many of the Red-legged Partridge sandhills at Dunwich, and it was foundto (H. Stevenson in Z, 2nd §, 2869), 186 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. mentioned as having occurred once at this place not later than 1818 (Whitear’s Diary 261). Fritton Lake (Leathes im Uitt.); halfa-dozen seen there in Oct. 1879 (J. H. Gurney, jun. in Z. 3rd §. iv., 22). 2. Benacre or Easton Broad (Spalding’s Sale, Lot 358). Westleton, common (F. Spalding MS.). Several seen at Leiston Jan. 20, 1873, two of them adult males(G. T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8. 3608). Tolerably abundant | about Aldeburgh in severe weather; many have been obtained (Hele, Ald., 157, James MS; see also T. Lister in Z 3rd 8 viii, 67). One shot on the Orford River; preserved in the Seckford Reading Room, Woodbridge (E. Cobbold 7 litt., to whom it belongs). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). 3. River Deben (in Mr. W. P. T. Phillip’s Collection). Common on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.). 4, Bramford, rare (Haward MS.). Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Ling- wood i litt.). West Suffolk, 5. Redgrave (Wilson MS.). Oakley occasionally (W. Clarke 7 litt.). 6. Young male shot on a piece of water of half an acre at Lavenham, by Mr. Biddell, Dec. 1875 (given to me by him, C. B.). 8. One shot in the winter of 1876-7 at Clopton Hall, where it is preserved (Col. Parker v.v.). Months.--January, October, December. DMistricts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8. A tolerably common autumn and winter visitant ; young birds, which the context shows to mean nestlings, are recorded by Whitear; it now breeds abundantly in some parts of West Norfolk, near the boundary line of the two counties (A Newton 7 Uitt.). Frrrveinous Duck, Fuligula serruginea. (Gmelin). S. and W. Cat. 58. Last Suffolk. 1. Two specimens of this bird killed at different times in the neigh- bourhood of Yarmouth, one in Mr. Wigg’s possession (S. and W. w. s.); preserved by Youell, and figured in Hunt 4rit. Orn. ii. (see p. 341); four obtained at Yarmouth in spring 1855, and one Dec. 1878 (H. Stevenson in Z. 4704 and 3rd 8. iii, 159). Has been shot on Breydon but very rarely (Paget, Y. 11). Two immature birds obtained on Oulton Broad (Freeman v.v.). Mr. Everitt shot one in Suffolk in 1866, probably in the neighbourhood of North Cove (Creed im litt). One seen at Easton Broad, within gunshot, Dec. 1884 (W. 8. Everitt 2 hit.). 2. Qne obtained at Iken, Jan. 7, 1834 ; (J. H. Gurney jun., im hit.) CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 187 West Suffolk. 7. One, said to have been obtained at Mildenhall, in Mr. West’s possession, seen by Mr. Travis (Travis v.v.). Months.—January, December, and ‘ Spring.” Districts.—1, 2, 7. This bird is so rare that it can hardly be considered otherwise than as an accidental visitor in Suffolk; several of the above-mentioned instances appear to be doubtful. Scaup, Fuligula marila (L.). S. and W. Cat. 58. Catalogued only.—Spald. Lisz, XXXVIii. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, not uncommon (Paget, Y. 11); two old birds sent from that place Jan. 1873 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 3559); a good many there in the middle of Sept. 1880 (d. in Z. 3rd 8. vi, 375). Some old birds on Breydon, Feb. 1881 (ad. in Z. 3rd S. vii, 326). One obtained near Lowestoft, in Mr. Peto’s possession (Freeman v.v.). 2. Has been killed at Haston (Spald. uw. s.; in his Sale, Lot 358). Killed on Lord Huntingfield’s Suffolk estate (Lord Huntingfield i litt, C. B.!). A small flock visited the marshes at Leiston Lower Abbey, Feb. 10, 1871, some were obtained; six seen on a large piece of water in the marshes at Leiston Dec. 1872, and an old male shot Feb. 11, 1878 (G. T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8. 3607 and 3609 and MS. ). Has been a very common species about Aldeburgh, very abundant there during the winters of 1864 and 1865 (Hele, A/d., 157); two male birds shot there Jan. 26, 1879 (T. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8. iii., 265). One shot on the Alde near Iken Oct. 6, 1873 (G. T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8. 3868). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !) 8. Shot on the Rendlesham Estate (Lord Rendlesham’s Calista, C.B.!). Oneshot near Woodbridge (in the Seckford Reading Room, C. B. !); another on the Woodbridge River (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips), and some seen in the neighbourhood Sept. 1884 (G. P. Hope im litt.). Common on the sea near Landguard Fort (Kerry MS.). One shot on the Orwell in 1864 (F. M. Spalding MS. note). 4, Bramford, rare (Haward MS.). West Suffolk. 6. One caught alive at Thorpe Morieux Dec. 16, 1882; it had been observed in the neighbourhood for some months (E. Baldwin 7 Witt, who gave me the bird, C. B.). One shot at Nedging by the Rev. T. S. J. Harries, who has it (Harries v.v.). 188 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 8. Seen once for some days at Drinkstone Park (Capt. Powell im Uitt.). Months.—January, February, September, October, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8. Found in autumn and spring along the coast not very unfrequently ; it occasionally visits the interior. Turtep Duck, Pulgula cristata (Leach). S. and W. Cat. 58. Catalogued only.—Spald., Lasé XXXVlil. East Suffolk. 1. Not uncommon at Yarmouth (Paget, Y. 11); one obtained at Lowestoft (Freeman v.v.). 2. Has been killed at Easton (Spald. w. s.). One at Southwold (Freeman yv.v.). Many killed every season about Aldeburgh, seen in flocks of seven or eight (Hele, Add, 158); small companies noticed near that place Feb. 1869 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 1859); a pair taken there in March 1870 (in Mr. Tuck’s Collection). A very fine male, with crest nearly three inches long, killed on the river above Slaughden in the winter of 1865 (Hele, wv. s. and MS.). Orford river now in the Seckford Reading Room, Woodbridge (E. Cobbold, to whom it belongs). : 3. One from the Woodbridge River (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips); several shot there Dec. 1868 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd S 1699); another shot at Woodbridge Nov. 1881 (Asten v.v., C. B. !). Found near Walton (one in Mr. Kerry's Collection) but it is rare in the neighbourhood (Kerry MS8.). 4. Bramford, rare (Haward MS.). A specimen taken on the Orwell (Podd v.v.), West Suffolk. 5. Shot at Redgrave in 1864 or 1865 (Lord Henniker v.v., who has it) ; Oakley, occasionally (in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection ; W. Clark an litt). 6. A pair shot on a pond at Melford in Dec. 1858 (Capt. Bence v.v., in his collection, C.B. !) Two shot at Layham (in my Collection, C.B.). ° 7. Killed near Thetford (Newby mm Uit.). Shot at Barton Mills in 1864 (Tearle MS. from Howlett). 8. Drinkstone, occasionally (Capt. Powell i Mitt). Months.—¥ ebruary, March, June, November, December. Districts. —All. Not very uncommon in the winter months; met with both inland and near the sea. | CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 1 89 Gotpen Eyr, Clangula glaucion (L.). S. and W. Cat. 58.—Spald. List, xxxviil. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, not uncommon (Paget Y. 11); a fine adult male killed there in the winter of 1862; (in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection, C.B. !) ; two other male birds sent from this place Jan. 1873 ; four male birds shot there, Feb. 1878 (H. Stevenson in Z 2nd 8. 3559, and 3rd S$. iii. 154). A young male shot on Breydon Dec. 13, 1819 (Whitear’s Diary, 251); an adult male bird shot on Breydon, in Mr. Combe’s Collection (C. B. !); a few seen there Dec. 1874; a male bird shot there Jan. 12, 1875; some seen in Jan., 1876 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4368, 4629, 4893); adult females shot Dec. 19, 1880 and Dec. 1881 (din Z. 3rd 8. vi, 375 and vii., 327); and another female Dec. 1882, in my Collection, C. B.! (G. Smith 7 itt.). 2. Benacre or Easton Broad (Spalding’s Sale, Lot 358). Wangford (Freeman y.v.). Killed on Lord Huntingfield’s Estate, in his Collection (Lord Huntingfield in Wtt., C. B.!) Westleton, rare (Spalding MS.). A small female bird shot at Leiston Nov. 23, 1872, and a flock of twelve seen there Jan. 3, 1873, three of which were adult males; others were seen later (G. T. Rope in Z 2nd 8. 8607-3605). One seen at Marsh Pool, Blaxhall, in winter 1866 and on Jan. 6, 1867 (Rope MS.). One seen on Thorpe Mere near Aldeburgh, Oct. 1868 (A, Clark- Kennedy in 7. 2nd 8. 1697); the immature bird is tolerably common about Aldeburgh during the winter, mature males have been obtained near Iken (Hele, Ald. 158, see also Acton in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H. iv., 1831, 163); eight young ones seen in the river at Iken Nov. 1868, and three killed in Feb. 1869 in the reaches of the Alde between Iken and Snape (A. Clark-Kennedy in 7. 2nd 8. 1698 and 1859), and a flock seen during the severe frost in 1870 (Rope MS8.). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection, C. B. !). 3. A few, mostly immature, driven by a sharp frost into the Wood- bridge River some days after Christmas in 1868-9 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 1858); one from thence (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). Common on the Orwell and Stour; a specimen taken on the Orwell in 1878 (Kerry MS. and Podd v.yv.). 4, Bramford, rare (Haward MS). Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood in Uitt.). West Suffolk. 5. Oneshot at Redgrave (Wilson MS.). Oakley, occasionally (in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection, (W. Clarke 7 Uitt.). Great Finborough (J. Nichols in Loudon’s Mag. N. S. iv. (1831) 449). 6. A male shot on the pond at Melford Hall, Noy. 1881 (Sir W. Parker im Uit.). Several seen in the neighbourhood of Sudbury in 190 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. the winter of 1837-8, a fine male in Mr. King’s possession shot with another at Cornard (King, vst, 128). 7. Killed near Thetford (Newby i Witt). Elveden (Cambridge Museum). 8. Livermere, shot by Fakes (James MS.); two from this place, in possession of Mr. Okeden (L. Travis im Widd.), and another, an immature female (in my Collection, C. B.). Months.—January, February, October, November, Decem- ber. Districts.— All. A winter visitant not very uncommon near the coast, more rare inland; mature birds are less frequent. Mr. Clark- Kennedy often watched these birds in the river near Iken, and found by repeated daily observations that they dived continually, but were never all under water at the same time, always leaving one bird to keep watch for the others, in about a minute this bird would be relieved by another, who would give the next duck a peck to remind him when it was his turn to take the duty of sentinel (in Z. 2nd S. 1698 ; see also S. and W. w. s.). It is known by the name of Rattlewing or Rattler at Yarmouth (Whitear’s Diary, 252). Lone-Ta1LED Duck, Harelda glacialis (L.). S. and W. Cat. 57. Visits our shores and rivers in severe winters.—Spald. List xxxvili. Considered a rare bird. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, very rare (Paget, Y.11); in the winter of 1819-20 they were unusually numerous, particularly at Yarmouth, many were killed (S. and W. wu. s.); amale bird in full plumage shot at or near that place (not later than 1829), in possession of the Rey. C. Penrice (Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norfolk, \xiii.), several fine old males killed there in Jan 1859, an immature female in Oct. 1870, others immature Oct. 20, 1878 and Jan. 12, 1880; an immature female shot in the neigh- bourhood, Oct. 22, 1881, an early date (H. Stevenson in Z. 7389; 2nd S. 2497; 8rd 8. iv., 339; vi., 875 and vil, 327). Shot on Breydon in hard winters (Paget, Y. 11). Taken in the decoy at Herringfleet (8. and W. wu. s.). Lowestoft (Freeman v.v. ). 2. A fine young bird killed at Aldeburgh about 1846, in Mr. John- son’s Collection (', W. Johnson in Z. 1637); an immature bird taken CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 191 on the mere in autumn of 1859, and other immature birds shot on the river in autumn and winter; below Slaughden in Oct. 1870; a mature male in Feb. 1870, and several immature at Thorpe in Nov. 1873; an old male in full summer plumage was killed below Orford in July 1872 (Hele, Add, 158 and MS. and J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8. 3306). A pair taken in Gobbet’s Decoy at Iken (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips); another from the same place, in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS.). q A female bird from Butley Creek in possession of Mr. Cooke (Carthew MS.). One shot on the Deben at Woodbridge in Jan. 1830 (Moor MS.), and two immature females in Dec. 1868 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 1700); another from Woodbridge Noy. 1881 (Asten v.yv., C. B.!). Occasionally seen in severe winters at Walton and Felixstowe; it is usually rare in the neighbourhood, but was common in the winter of 1878 (Kerry MS.). 4. A female shot on the Orwell three miles from Ipswich in the winter of 1878 (Podd v.v., C. B.!). A female shot close to Ipswich Oct. 25, another Nov. 24, 1881 (J. H. H. Knights in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 151). Months.—January, February, July, October, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4. A somewhat rare visitaut to the whole length of the coast in winter, hardly ever found at any distance from it ; it has once or perhaps twice been taken in full summer plumage. Common Scorer, Edemia nigra (L.). S.and W. Cat. 57. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. - 1. Common in some winters at Yarmouth (Paget, Y.11); seen in great numbers at the South Ham, Gorleston, and in the Roadstead in Noy. 1881, two female birds were shot; many others observed in Dec. 1884 (G. Smith 7 litt.) Some appeared on Breydon Feb. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd 8. vii., 826). A fine adult male taken at Beccles, Feb. 1848 (F. W. Johnson in Z. 2067). 2. Westleton, rare (Spalding MS). Mr. A. Rope shot a fine male from the beach at Leiston in the winter of 1876-7(G. T. Rope MS.). Often visits the river and meres at Thorpe in very severe winters, and is not unfrequently shot, some remain in the neighbourhood during the whole year and are seen frequently during the summer months flying along shore (Hele, Add., 156-7); a flock seen near Aldeburgh in Oct. 1868; some few again seen, but none obtained, in Feb. 1869 (A. Clark- Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 1698 and 1859); a pair taken there in 1870 (in Mr. Tuck’s Collection); about eighteen seen there Sept. 7, 1882 (H. A. 2B 192 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Macpherson in Z. 3rd §. vii., 16). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). 3. Shot on the Woodbridge River (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). Common at Felixstowe (Kerry MS8.). 4, Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood i Uid.). West Suffolk. 5. Oakley, rare; in Sir Edward Kerrison’s Collection (Clarke 7 Uitt.). 6. One killed on the moat at Kentwell Hall (in the Collection of Capt. Bence; C. B. !). 8. One driven by storm into a hovel near Clopton Hall, Rattlesden, Feb. 1855, and kept for some time alive (Col. Parker y.v. and C. R. Bree in Z. 4630). Months.—February, September, October, November, December, and “‘ the whole year.” Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8. Common along the coast in the winter, more rarely found in autumn; very few examples have been taken far inland. VeLveEt Scorer, GWdemia fusca (L.). S. and W. Cat. 57. A rare species, but has been some- times killed in Suffolk.—Spald. List xxxviiii—E. Blyth in Nat. for 1838, p. 420. Two procured by Mr. Hoy in Suffolk in a very emaciated state in the severe frost of 1837-8. 7 East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth; occasionally shot in hard winters, several in the very severe one of 1829-50 (Paget, Y. 11); a female shot there Nov. 14, 1859, another Feb. 3, 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 6806 and 3rd S$. vii, 326). A male bird taken at Lowestoft, preserved by Thirtle (Newcome Collection). 2. Mr. Everitt mentions it as occurring occasionally at sea off Easton (Creed in litt.). One at Halesworth in 1837 (Bilson MS§.). Killed on Lord Huntingfield’s Suffolk Estate, in his Collection (Lord Huntingfield wm litt.). One shot by Mr. Fuller at Aldeburgh about 1847 (G. Ransome in Z. 1693); another sent from that place to Mr. Haward in Jan. 1848 (Haward MS. and F. W. Johnson in Z. 2067); it has very rarely been met with in a mature condition about Aldeburgh, the immature female, first taken in Oct. 1863, is not nearly as rare as the male, of which last one was taken in Oct. 1864, and another, mature, in Feb. 1870; a female was taken in Jan. 1864, and two more in the winter of 1864-5 (Hele, Ald., 155). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 193 3. One shot on the Woodbridge River in 1845, in the possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.). Taken on the sea outside the bar at Bawdsey (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). One shot by Mr. Haward on the Orwell, in the winter of 1848 (Haward MS. and F. W. Johnson in Z. 2067); one seen in Oct. 1882, and another, a male, in the winter of 1883-4 by Mr. Kerry (Kerry én Wiit.). Occasionally seen with the Common Scoter near Landguard Fort, Felixstowe (Kerry MS.). Months.—January, February, October, November. Districts.—1, 2, 3. Found exclusively on the coast in the winter; much more rare than the last. Ermer Duck, Somateria mollissima (L.). S. and W. Caz. 57. East Suffolk. 1. A male bird caught in a fishing net off Yarmouth, in Lord Huntingfield’s Collection (Lord Huntingfield i Uitt.); an immature male obtained at Yarmouth about Nov. 1859 (H. Stevenson in 7. 6806). A female shot on Breydon, Dec. 12, 1883 (W. Lowne 7n Uitt.). 2. A nice young bird got at Thorpe Mere Dec. 4, 1884; weighed 3lb. 2oz. and a half (Hele in itz). A female obtained from Orford, preserved by Mr. Heffer (Carthew MS.). 3. A female killed on the Orwell Nov. 1818 (S. and W. w. s.); rare on this river, one shot in Oct. 1876 (Kerry MS.); three, immature, seen near Levington Creek Oct. 7, 1881, two were shot and the third Ovtained the next day (J. H. H. Knights in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 151); a pair (immature) shot there in 1881, in Mr. Hillen’s possession; although said to have been killed in Sept. probably two of the above (C. B. !). Months.—September (?), October, November, December. Districts.—1. 2, 3. Appears, though very rarely, on the coast in the autumn and winter. Smew, Mergus albellus (L.). S. and W. Cat. 59. Not uncommon on the coast in cold weather.—Spald. Lis¢, xxxviii. Rare in adult plumage. ast Suffolk. 1. Plentiful at Yarmouth in the winter of 1819-20 (S, and W. w.s.). Yarmouth, not uncommon in hard winters (Paget, Y. 11); a young male obtained there Jan. 1849 (Dennis MS. notes in Bewck); an 194 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. adult male and a young bird Feb. 17, 1865 (H. Stevenson in Z. 9576): and a young male shot by E. T. Booth, Esq. (G. Smith 7 lit.). Two males shot by Mr. F. Frere on Breydon in Feb. 1865 (T. E. Gunn in Naturalist for 1865, p. 29); some seen there Jan. 1876 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8 4894); four adult females shot Dec. 1878 (7d. in Z. 8rd §. iv., 340); a pair shot in the same winter (in Mr. Combe’s Collection, C. B.!), several shot Jan. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd S. vii, 314) ; and a pair obtained some years ago from Mr. G. Smith, the plumage of the male was in a very rare state of change (J. H. Gurney jun., in litt ). One shot at Herringfleet by Col. Leathes (Leathes in litt.). A female killed at Somerleyton in Jan. 1881 (Freeman v.v., ©. B.!). One shot at Oulton Broad in winter 1876 (G. Mason in litt. who has it). Mr. Everitt mentions that two were killed in Jan. 1876, probably in the neighbourhood of North Cove (Creed 7 Jitt.). A fine male shot near Beccles Jan. 17, 1867 (T. E Gunn in Z. 2nd 8. 759). 2. A pair killed in a severe winter on Lord Huntingfield’s Suffolk Estate, in his Collection (Lord Huntingfield a Wit.). Snape, 1829 (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. V. H. iv., 163 (1881)). Has become more rare about Aldeburgh of late, the mature male has always been scarce, though it has been taken at different times (Hele, Ald., 159) ; a pair taken there in 1881 (Howlett i iit.). One from the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). 3. Two killed on the Woodbridge River in 1856, one in possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.); a splendid male killed there (in Lord Rendlesham’s Collection, C. B. !), and another pair (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). Rare on the Stour (Kerry MS.). Two or three shot on the Orwell in 1864 (F. M. Spalding MS. note). 4, Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood 7 Uit.). West Suffolk. 5. Oakley, occasionally; a specimen in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection (W. Clarke a Wiiz.). 6. Fine male shot at Cornard in the winter of 1837-8 (King, Lisé, 128). i : Male and female shot on the Hockwold River (Newcome Collec- tion). Three shot near Thetford in the winter of 1846-7, one was an adult male (A. Newton in Z. 1693). 8. One shot at Bardwell by the Rev. H. Blake, and preserved (Hawkins MS.). Months,—January, February, December. Districts —All. A winter visitant throughout the county, more especially near the sea; adult birds are rather rare. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 195 RED-BREASTED Merganser, Mergus serrator, L. S. and W. Cat. 59,—Spald. List xxxviii. Catalogued only. Kast Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, not uncommon in hard winters, several in 1829-30 (Paget, Y. 12); a male bird shot there in Feb. 1852 (Bury Museum). One killed on Breydon (Lot 301, in Spalding’s Sale); another, in Mr, Combe’s Collection (C. B. !). An adult male seen at Lowestoft, by Mr. J. H. Gurney, flying over the denes the latter part of July 1852 (J. H. Gurney in Z. 3599) ; a pair shot there by Mr. Thirtle in Jan. 1855 (Lucas in litt., who has them) ; seen in the harbour there by Mr. Booth (see below). Pakefield (Freeman v.v., C. B. !). 2. One killed at Benacre or Easton Broad (Lot 358 in Spalding’s Sale). Killed on Lord Huntingfield’s Estate (C. B.!). Westleton, rare (F. Spalding MS.). By no means rare about Aldeburgh in an immature state, a mature male shot near the river wall in Feb. 1865; two others in Feb. 1870, and two more and an adult female in Jan. 1871 (Hele, Ald., 160 and MS.). An adult male from Iken Decoy, in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS.). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection, C. B.!); and an adult male killed near Orford in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS.). 3. Taken on Butley Creek in a heavy gale ; now in the Seckford Reading Room, Woodbridge (EH. Cobbold im Wit, to whom it belongs) ; one from Woodbridge district, in full plumage, in possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.) ; another pair shot near that place (in the Seckford Reading Room, C. B.!) ; another, a male, in Nov. 1868, it is a rare species there (A. Clark-Kennedy in 7. 2nd 8. 1699). One from the Wood- bridge River (in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’ Collection); one, immature, shot on the Deben at Shottisham Creek, by the Rev. W. H. M. Carthew, who has it (Carthew MS.) ; and a pair shot on the Deben, in the Ipswich Museum (C. B.!). Common on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk. 5. Oakley, occasionally, in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection (Clarke in Uitt.). 6 Shot on the river Stour, probably near Nayland (C. B.) by J. D. Hoy, Esq. (Seaman’s MS. Catalogue). 7. A male from the Hockwold River (Newcome Collection). Months.—January, February, July, November. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Generally seen in Suffolk as a winter visitor, the adult male is seldom obtained but in severe seasons ; it has been once observed in July (Gurney u. s.). Mr. Booth observes 196 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. that the bird is usually to be seen along the Suffolk coast during autumn, winter, and early spring (Rough Notes pt. v.). GoosanDER, Mergus merganser, L. S. and W. Cat. 58.—Spald. List xxxviii. Sometimes obtained in hard winters. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, occasionally in severe winters (Paget, Y. 12); an adult male occurred at Yarmouth in Jan. 1848 (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 2027); a fine old male shot there in Dec. 1875; several of both sexes Jan. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4777 and 3rd §. vii., 313). One in Mr. Spalding’s Sale from Breydon (Lot 293) ; a very fine old male shot there about Feb. 1874; an old male bird and an immature one March 11, 1875; and some seen Jan. 1876 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 4186, 4629, and 4893) ; a male shot there May 22, 1880, from Lowne (in my Collection, C. B.). Fritton Decoy, occasionally (Leathes 7m Utt.). A fine male specimen killed at Lowestoft, in the possession of Mr. Crickmore (8S. and W. wu. s.). A fine male killed on Oulton Broad Jan. 1881 (G. Mason 7 litt. who has it), and a female on the same place, Dec. 1882 (7d.). 2. A male killed in a severe winter on Lord Huntingfield’s Estate, in his Collection (Lord Huntingfield 7 Zitt.). Little knots of these birds frequent Thorpe Mere and the river; four shot on the Alde, March 15, 1866; a mature male procured in 1862; several immature birds obtained from the river near Iken in Jan. 1867 (Hele, Ald. 160). One, Feb. 28, 1879, at Aldeburgh (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8. iii., 266). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection, C. B. !). 3. A specimen from Rendlesham Park (in the British Museum). Often met with in the Woodbridge district; specimens have been preserved by Mr. Heffer (Carthew MS.); one male bird shot near Woodbridge (in the Seckford Reading Room, C. B. !); and another from the river Deben (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). Occasionally seen on the Stour and Orwell; it has been shot at Walton (Kerry MS.). 4. A pair, male and female, shot on the Orwell, near Ipswich, in the Hoy Collection (Seaman’s Catalogue) ; Mr. Kerry shot a fine old male quite close to Ipswich (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk. 5. One shot at Oakley, by Sir H. Kerrison in whose Collection it is (W. Clarke in lit?.). 7. Male and female from the Hockwold River (Newcome Collection). Elveden (Cambridge Museum). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 197 8. Livermere, shot by Fakes (James MS.). A male bird shot at Clopton Hall, Rattlesden, in the winter of 1876-7 (Col. Parker v.v. who has it, C. B. !). Months.—January, February, March, May, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8. Not very rare in an immature state in the winter either on the coast or on inland waters. Adult birds are less common. Fam. CoLyMBIDa. Great NorTHERN Diver, Colymbus glacialis, L. S. and W. Cat. 60. Spald. Lvs, xxxviii. fast Suffolk. 1. One or more killed at Yarmouth most seasons (Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norfolk \xv.); two young birds killed there on the river in the winter of 1823, one in Mr. Sabine’s Collection (S. and W. wu. s.). Occasionally shot at Breydon, more commonly the young bird (Paget, Y. 12). Seen by Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., at Lowestoft, where he considers it to be not rare (J. H. Gurney, jun. 7 Witt.); an adult bird with white bill from this place, in Mr. Gurney’s Collection, recorded in Proc. Zool. Soc. (C. B. !). 2. Seen by Mr. Rudd on Easton Broad (Spald. w. s.). Two immature birds killed in Jan. 1879 by Hurr, off the beach at Southwold (Hurr v.v.). A remarkably large immature male killed in the mere at Thorpe in Dec. 1869; another killed opposite the Shepherd’s House, Aldeburgh in Dec. 1870 (Hele, Add., 162 and MS.). One seen at Snape close to a bridge on the Alde, Oct. 1868 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8. 1697). An immature specimen shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). 3. A young bird reported to have been shot on the Deben, at Wood- bridge, in Nov. 1830 (Moor MS.); one shot there in 1858, in the possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.); another shot at the same place (preserved in the Seckford Reading Room; E. Cobbold zn Uit, to whom it belongs) Rare on the Orwell; one, immature, shot Feb. 1882 (Kerry MS.). | West Suffolk. ue A specimen obtained at Culford many years ago (A. Newton in ALL. eo Months.—January, February, October, November, December. Disiricts.—1, 2, 3, 8. 198 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Found occasionally in the winter, generally near the sea; almost always in immature plumage. BLACK-THROATED Diver, Colymbus arcticus, L. S. and W. Cat. 60. Catalogued only. Last Suffolk. 1. Shot near Yarmouth, in the river above the bar (some time before 1861, Dennis MS. notes in Yarrell); a male shot at Yarmouth in 1850 (Bury Museum). An immature specimen killed in Nov. 1880 (in my Collection, C. B. from J. H. Gurney, jun.). Two young birds shot at Breydon about March 1871 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §S. 2828). Lowestoft (Freeman y.v.); a splendid adult specimen killed there about 1857, in breeding plumage, now in Mr. Gurney’s Collection (J. H. Gurney, jun. i Wit., C. B. !); a male, assuming the adult plumage shot near that place Jan. 14, 1868 (T. E. Gunn in Z. 2nd §. 1221). An immature male shot on Oulton Broad Nov. 1879 (T. E. Gunn in Z. ard 8. iv., 53); another in Jan. 1880 (G. Mason in litt. who has it). 2. A bird of the year procured about two miles north of Southwold Dec. 29, 1872(H. Durnford in 7 2nd 8. 3413). One killed in the river near Snape in the autumn of 1866, in possession of Mr. Garrett (Hele, Ald., 162). 3. Two shot on the Orwell, Dec. 7, 1882 (Kerry i tt.); rare on the Stour (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk. 5. A young specimen killed near Stowmarket in Feb. 1855; Dr. Bree believes this to be the first instance of this bird being met with in the neighbourhood (C. R. Bree in 7. 4630). 7. A young female shot on the Hockwold River, Jan. 1863 (Newcome Collection). Months.—January, February, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 5, 7. A rare winter visitor, almost always occurring near the sea, and generally immature. RED-THROATED Diver, Colymbus septentrionalis, L. S. and W. Cat. 60.—Spald. List, xxxviii. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Not uncommon at Yarmouth in winter (S. and W. w. s.); one in nearly full breeding plumage, and another in full breeding plumage CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 199 killed at Yarmouth, the latter at the mouth of the Yare, in Oct. 1865 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 84, 85; T. E. Gunn in Nai. for 1865, p. 297); a few immature birds shot there Oct. and Nov. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd §. vii., 327). Both this bird and its young, the Speckled Diver, are common on Breydon (Paget, Y. 12). ‘Taken on the Broads near Herringfleet (Leathes im Uit.). An adult male from Lowestoft (Freeman v.v.); a fine adult female in full summer plumage captured near that place in May 1864 (T. E. Gunn in Wat. for 1864, 45); a specimen retaining the red throat obtained there by Mr. Barton in Sept. 1880 (Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 334). Oulton Broad, Oct. 1855 (Creed MS.); one shot there by Mr. Clarke (W. Clarke im Uit.); one shot in 1880 (G. Mason i Ut#., who has it). 2. Specimens shot near Dunwich seen by Capt. Bence (Bence v.v.). Westleton, rare (Spald. MS.). An abundant species about Aldeburgh, one with a remarkably perfect red throat killed there in Oct. 1865 (Hele, Ald., 162); another a male specimen in 1874 (in Mr. Tuck’s Collection). Snape, 1827 (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. N. H. iv. (1881), 163). Specimens, very fine, mature and immature, shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection, C. B. !). 3. A young bird killed on the Rendlesham Estate (in Lord Rendle- sham’s Collection, C. B.!). One from the Woodbridge River about 1840, in possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS., C. B.!); another in 1875, (presented by W. Scrutton, Esq. to the Ipswich Museum). A fine old bird shot near the harbour, off Hollesley, in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS.). Felixstowe and Walton, common on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS). 4, One killed near Ipswich in Oct. 1865 (T. E. Gunn in Nad. for 1865, 297). Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood i Uiz.). West Suffolk. 5. Shot by Mr. Clarke at Oakley (W. Clarke i Uit.). 6. One obtained at Melford in 1877 (H. H. Almack v.v., who has it). 7. One at Elveden ; the skeleton is in the Cambridge Museum (A. Newton in Uitt.). 8. A female killed at Fornham St. Martin, Dec. 1878 (L. Travis in hit.). One in winter plumage shot by the Rey. H. Ray at Stowlangtoft, now preserved at the Hall (Hawkins MS.). Months. —May, September, October, November, December. Districts.—All. Immature examples are not uncommon, especially near the coast; the adult bird is more rarely met with. 2c 200 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Fam. PopictPEDIDz.* Great CresTED GREBE, Podicipes cristatus (L.). S.and W. Cat. 50.—Spald. Zist, xxxviii. Found on the Broads, particularly those which are shallow.—Graves Brit. Orn. tii. (Lond. 1821). Extremely common on the Suffolk Broads. (This expression of Graves, as Mr. Gurney and Mr. Stevenson suggest, seems too strong, C. B.). East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, common on the Broads (Paget Y., 12); a male and female from thence (Newcome Collection); one shot at Yarmouth April 20, 1850 (Dennis MS. note in Yarrell); four shot near there in 1851 (Richard Strangwayes in Z. 3117); five killed Oct. 1880, and another immature Feb. 6, 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 373, and vii, 315). Nestlings shot on Breydon Sept. 1871 (Booth Cat. B. 194). Breeds on Fritton Decoy (8. and W. Cat. 50); has done so within Mr. Spalding’s recollection (F. Spalding MS.); a pair killed there (Lot 275 in Mr. Spalding’s Sale); several seen there in Oct. 1879 (J. H. Gurney, jun. in Z. 3rd §. iv. 22), and again in April and May 1880 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd §. vi., 369). Mutford (Freeman v.v.). 2. Westleton, rare (Spalding). Very scarce of late years about Alde- burgh; nearly all the specimens have been immature, only one mature example taken possessing a crest; immature birds obtained Nov. 1, 1862, Jan. and March 1864, in winter 1864-5, and in summer 1882 (Hele, Ald, 161; T. Lister in Z 3rd 8, viii, 67). A splendid adult bird shot on the Alde close to Slaughden Quay, Aug. 15, 1870 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8. 2368). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (C. B. !). 3. Woodbridge River, killed in 1846 by Goodwin, in the possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.); anotker preserved in the Seckford Reading Room, Woodbridge (HE. Cobbold im tit, to whom it belongs, C. B. !). Rare on the Orwell and Stour; two shot on the Orwell, Dec. 11, 1882 (Kerry MS. and a “it.). West Suffolk. 5. One shot on the lake in Redgrave Park by Mr. Wilson, who has seen others there (Wilson MS.); an immature bird brought to Mr. Creed, from Redgrave in Feb. 1854 (Creed MS.). Shot at Eye by Mr. W. Clarke (W. Clarke i hit. ). * Prof. Newton observes to me that regard to euphony, but in utter disregard Podicipedide is the true orthography. of Latin. Podictpes, Prof. Newton adds, Podiceps, the form commonly adopted by occurs in Willughby (Ornithologia, p. 257) modern authors, is a contraction of or and in Catesby Nat. Hist. Car. i., 91); misprint for Podicipes, used by Linneus I have accordingly ventured to restore it. (Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, p. 136), possibly out of CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 201 6. A fine specimen in winter plumage shot on the Stour, near Sudbury, in the spring of 1838 (King, Zvs¢, 128). 7. Two old birds taken at West Row, Mildenhall, Dec. 1883 (Howlett v.v.); one immature shot there Nov. 1884 (7a. C. B.!). 8. Livermere, where it is now protected and breeds (James MS.). A full-grown specimen taken at Ampton, March 26, 1883, where it nested the same year; another March, 1884. A male bird picked up alive near Bury St. Edmund’s, March 30, 1878 (L. Travis in itt, C. B.!). Taken at Timworth April 19, 13884 (L. Travis v.v.). Nested at Barton Mere in 1883 (H. Jones v.v.). Breeds. Months.—January, February, March, April, May, August, September, October, November, December. Distriets—1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8. Found not uncommonly on the Broads and lakes in the spring; more rarely by the sea-side. It has been met with at nearly all times of the year. ReEp-NECKED GreBE, Podicipes rubricollis (Gmelin). S. and W. Caz. 50. Spald. Lvs¢, xxxvii. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth very rare, three shot in Jan. 1828 (Paget Y., 12) ; one shot near that place, in Mr. Wigg’s possession (8. and W. w. s.); another in the British Museum (from Mr. Gould’s Collection); procured in breeding plumage in April 1848 (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 2185); a male bird shot in June 1852, and a female in 1854 (Bury Museum); rather plentiful in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth in Feb. and March 1865; upwards of thirty were killed, chiefly adult birds, (T. BE. Gunn in Naz. (1865) 29-30 and H. Stevenson in Z. 9575); a fine bird with reddish throat shot there Oct. 9, 1870; a female changing from summer to winter plumage Sept. 28, 1871, and another specimen in Jan. 1877 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 2497, 2833, and 3rd 8.1, 481); a very fine adult bird from Yarmouth in Mr. Gurney’s Collection (J. H. Gurney v.v., C. B.!). Shot by Hurr on Breydon about the summer of 1859 (in Mr. Combe’s Collection, C. B.!); an immature bird shot there Aug. 1873 (Booth Cat. B. 217); and one in winter plumage, date not recorded (J. H. Gurney, jun. a é/., who has it). 2. A bird in moult taken in a sprat-net at Southwold Nov. 1864 (H. V. Remnant i Uiti.). A fine specimen shot on Thorpe Mere, in Nov. 1878 ; not very common in the neighbourhood (Ff. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8. ii., 265). About Aldeburgh, always obtained in an immature state, and in the winter; one taken in 1864, and another in Feb. 1870 (Hele, 202 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Ald., 161); a nearly mature specimen in summer plumage shot on the Alde Aug. 7, 1883 (T. Lister in Z. 3rd §. viii., 67); one killed in the river Tken, Sept. 6, 1877 (J.G. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. i.,496). One shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate in Sir R. Wallace's Collection (C. Bal): 3. An immature male shot at Rendlesham, Feb. 1864 (T. E. Gunn in Young England IV., iii.). A pair shot on Woodbridge river, Oct. 1881 (Asten v.v., C. B.!); another, from Sutton, in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’ Collection (Phillips im Uitt.). West Suffolk. 7. Hockwold river (Newcome Collection). Months.—January, February, March, April, June, August, September, October, November. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 7. Found somewhat rarely on the coast all the year round, except about midsummer; very seldom at any great distance from it. SCLAVONIAN GREBE. Podicipes cornutus (Gmelin). Spald, List, xxxvill. Rare. East Suffolk. 1. One shot at Yarmouth in April 1850 (Creed MS.); two killed near that place in Feb. 1869 (H. Stevenson in Z 2nd 8. 1909) ; another in winter plumage, shot Nov. 1872 (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney, jun.,in 7. 2nd §. 3403); an immature bird in Oct. 1880, and an adult Feb. 26, 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vi. 373, and vii., 8315). The young bird is not uncommon on Breydon in winter (Paget Y., 12). An mmature bird shot on the river Waveney in 1849, in the Possession of Mr. Creed (Creed MS.). 2. One obtained at Aldeburgh in Feb. 1879 (F. M. Ozilvie i in Z. 3rd 8. lii., 266). 3. Woodbridge, 1827 and 1829 (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. N. H., iv., 163) ; one shot in winter plumage in the Woodbridge District in 1876, preserved by Mr. Heffer (Carthew MS.). 4, Shot on Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood in lit.). West Suffolk. 8. One shot by the gamekeeper at Livermere in 1867 and another at Ampton in 1864 (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst., 46). Months.—February, April, October, November. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 8. A coast bird, occurring principally in winter ; not often met with of late years ; very rarely found inland. CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 203 Harep GrReEBE, Podicipes auritus (L.). S.and W. Cat. 50.—Spald. Lis¢, xxxviii. Very seldom seen, particularly in adult plumage. East Suffolk. 1. A specimen caught alive near Yarmouth in the autumn of 1817, it was very tame ; Mr. Sabine had one from the same place (S. and W. w. s. ; see also Hunt, Brit. Orn.,iii., 94, with a figure of the bird taken in 1817) ; another in Mr. Gould’s Collection (British Museum); a male and female in full summer plumage, April 17, 1851, another also in full summer plumage three days earlier, sent to Leadenhall Market (R. Strangwayes in Z. 3117; J. Green in Z. 3175); and a beautiful pair killed in May, 1852 (EH. Newman in Z. 3477). Rarely shot on Breydon or the Broads (Paget Y., 12); one killed on Breydon in partial change to summer plumage, April 12, 1865 (in Mr. Stevenson’s Collection; Dresser, B. of Hur, viii., 653), and one, adult, in 1883 (J. H. Gurney, jun., im Uitt.). 2. A few immature birds obtained at Aldeburgh in the winter (Hele, Ald., 162; James MS.); a fine male in perfect dress shot near the Mar- tello Tower, August 3, 1870, the first obtained at Aldeburgh in full summer plumage (J. G. Tuck in Z. 8rd S. ii, 434); another in like plumage obtained by Mr. V. H. Crewe (J. H. Gurney, jun., i Uitt. ). 3. One shot on the Woodbridge river, in the Seckford Reading Room (E. Cobbold a ité., to whom it belongs, C. B.!). A female from Wood- bridge river, presented by Mr. E. Moor (Ipswich Museum). Another in Mr. Phillips’ Collection (W. P. T. Phillips zm itt.). Shot at Nacton (G. Ransome in Z. 1692). Rare on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.). 4. One shot by Capt. Shilling near Ipswich, Aug., 1878, in full summer dress (Dresser, B. of Hur. viii., 653 ; Podd v.v.). ; West Suffolk. 5. Redgrave (Wilson MS.). 7. Barton Mills, Feb. 1869 (Tearle MS. from Howlett). 8. A specimen from Fornham, sent by Mr. Baker, in Jan. 1876, to Mr. Bilson, who preserved it (Bury Post, Jan. 25, 1876 ; Bilson MS.), Months.— January, February, April, May, August. Distriets.—1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8. Obtained occasionally along the coast, and more rarely inland. It has occurred both in summer and winter plumage. LirrLe Grese or Daxscurcx, Podicipes minor (Gmelin). S. and W. Cat. 51.—Catalogued only. Districts all; recorded as common about Lowestoft 204 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. (Freeman); about Aldeburgh, especially in the reed beds at Snape (Hele); on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry); at Bram- ford (Haward); at Oakley (Clarke); at Sudbury (King, Tvst, 128); as not uncommon at Yarmouth (Paget); at Gazeley (Tearle); as occasionally seen at Great Bealings (Moor MS.), andat Hadleigh (Bantock v.v.). Mentioned as found in various other places. One at Fritton consorted with the domestic fowls at Mr. Buxton’s house, Jan., 1880, being evidently frozen out from the Broad (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd S. vi., 366). At Thornham one was taken entire out of the body of a pike (Lord Henniker v.v.). Young birds or nests have been observed at Aldeburgh (Hele); at Thorpe Fen (F. Spalding MS.); at Southwold, Aug. 19, 1873 (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd §., 3798); at Westleton (F. Spalding); at Wortham (Clarke); on the Hockwold river (Newcome Collection); at Thetford (J. H. Gurney, jun.); at Elveden and Barnham (A. Newton in Z. 722, and v.v.); at Rattlesden (Col. Parker), at Barton Mere (H. Jones v.v.); and at Livermere (James V.v.). A tolerably common resident. Fam. ALCIDZ. Purrin, Fratercula arctica (L.). S. and W. Cat. 61. Catalogued only.—Spald. Lisz?, xxxvili Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, an occasional visitant (Paget Y., 12; Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norf. \xiv); a young bird killed there in Nov. 1872 (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney, jun.,in Z. 2nd. 8., 3402), and Dec. 26, 1884 (J. H. Gurney, jun., iv Uitt.). Lowestoft (Freeman v.v.). 2. One caught in a net at Southwold (H. V. Remnant mm Uit.). A young bird shot on the coast near Leiston in Nov. 1863 (E. Neave in Z. 8891). One shot at Aldeburgh by Mr. Fuller Jan. 18, 1847 (G. Ransome in Z. 1693); rare about that place; an immature bird taken alive in Noy. 1862; and one, remarkably old, also alive, March 21, 1869 (Hele, Ald. 164). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection; C. B.!). 3. Bawdsey, washed ashore (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips) CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 205 West Suffolk. 7. Three found dead on Newmarket Heath Dec. 1875; another Jan. 1883 (Howlett v.v.). 8. One shot at Hardwick, near Bury St. Edmund’s, Dec. 1878 (Bilson in Wit.) Months.— January, March, November, December. Districts —1, 2, 3, 7, 8. Met with on the coast in the winter months, but only rarely ; it has been occasionally driven inland. Razor-Bitt, Alea torda, L. S. and W. Cat. 61. Catalogued only.—Spald. Lvs?, Xxxvil. Catalogued only. East Suffotk. 1. Yarmouth, an occasional visitant (Paget Y., 12); very plentiful in the Roads in the autumn of 1873 (H. Stevenson in 7 2nd S., 3716). poncrial (Freeman v.v.); Mr. Creed saw one there, Aug. 1854 (Creed ays 2. One caught in a net at Southwold (H. V. Remnant 7 Wit.). Many found dead near Leiston in Feb. 1872, as well as in many other parts of England (Fveld, Feb. 24, quoted in 7. 2nd §., 3024). Aldeburgh, 1827, “ Black-billed Auk” (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H. iv. (1831), 163). A few mature birds found dead at Aldeburgh every season; a number Lis. vil Sept. 1862, and two immature specimens obtained (Hele, Ald., 165); one, immature, obtained on the Alde Aug. 6, 1870 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8. 2368); many found dead at Aldeburgh, in Feb, 1872 (N. F. Hele in Z. 2nd §., 8024); one shot on the Alde, about five miles from the mouth, Aug. 13, 1873 (H. Durnford in 7. 2nd 8., 3798); one washed ashore at Aldeburgh just alive, Jan. 1879, and another dead Feb. 1879 (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8. iii., 265). Shot on the Sudbourn Hall Estate (in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection, C. B.!). 3. Washed ashore dead at Bawdsey (in the Collection of Mr. W. P. T. Phillips). Common in some winters at Felixstowe and Walton (Kerry MS.). Months.—January, February, August, September. Districts.--1, 2, 3. Has occurred on most parts of the coast at various times of the year. Not very unfrequently found dead upon the shore. 2906 . CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Lirtte. Aux, Alcea alle. L. S. and W. Cat. 60.—Spald. Zvs¢, xxxviii. Rather rare, East Suffolk. 1. Occasionally shot in the Yarmouth Roads (Paget Y., 12) ; one killed near that place, Nov. 1819 (Whitear’s Diary, 253) ; an immature female obtained there Noy. 24, before 1861 (Dennis MS. note in Yarrell); one shot after a high wind in Noy., 1861 (H. Stevenson in Z. 7845), and a female bird taken in a turnip field (Dennis Collection): One from Breydon (in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’ Collection). One taken alive on the turnpike road at Gunton, in the possession of Mr. Leathes (S. and W. w. s.). Mr. Creed saw one on the sea at Lowestoft in 1855 (Creed MS.); one picked up dead in the neighbourhood Nov. 1884 (H. Stevenson im /td.), and another shot in Dec. 1884 (W.S. Everitt im Uiz.). One shot near Beccles, by Hunt, before 1822 (Hunt’s Brit. Ornith. iii., 17). 2. One killed at Blaxhall, in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS.). Specimens obtained about Aldeburgh, in Nov. 1861; killed below Slaughden Nov. 1867 and 1868 ; captured at Orford Nov. 1867; amale bird in beautiful plumage Nov. 1871; taken again Dec. 1874, and in the winter of 1878 (Hele, Add., 164 and MS.; Podd v.v.). 3. One picked up at Rendlesham some years ago; another knocked down with a whip at Hollesley in 1850 (Carthew MS.). Shot at Rushmere Dee. 18, 1846 by Mr. W. Chapman (G. Ransome in Z. 1693). One shot on the Orwell; rare in the neighbourhood (Kerry MS.). Taken at Cattawade (Brantham) in 1870 (L. Travis mm Uit.). 4, One taken alive at Ipswich in Nov. 1841, it died soon afterwards (C. T. Townsend in Annals Nat. Hist. (1841) p. 317; see also pp. 394-5, for remarks by Strickland); another found in an exhausted state near that place about 1846, in Mr. Johnson’s Collection (F. W. Johnson in Z. 1687). West Suffolk. 5. Has been killed at Hye (W. Clarke m iit.). One found dead at Haughley Oct. 1, 1870 (Creed MS8.). 6. One found alive by Mr. Branwhite at Shimpling in Nov. 1878; another picked up at Newton near Sudbury by Mr. Hills in 1863 (J. F. Hills in ditt., the latter given to me by him, C. B.). One picked up alive about a mile from Sudbury Nov. 18, 1861, it died in the course of the day (S. King in Z. 7848); taken on the Stour at Cornard about the end of 1882 (Hills v.v.); another shot by Mr. F. Taylor, of Sudbury, on the Stour near Great Cornard Church in Sept. 1883 (Hills am liz.). 7. Taken on the Suffolk side of Thetford (D. Newby zn Witt.). Hlveden, Dec. 1859 (Cambridge Museum). Herringfleet, taken by Messrs. Image and Hammond (Hawkins M8.). Newmarket Heath, March 1874; two others picked up there Jan. 1883 (Howlett v.v.). 8. One taken in an exhausted state in a pig-yard at Broadmere, near CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 207 Troston, in 1878, by a boy who put his hat over it ; preserved by Mr. Sibley (Bury Free Press, Dec. 6, 1878). One picked up swimming down Abbeygate Street, Bury St. Edmund’s, in a great storm of rain in 1846; one at Elmswell in 1867 ; another at Sicklesmere in 1859 (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst, 46). One shot at Rede Nov. 13, 1872 (Creed MS.). Months.—January, March, September, October, Novem- ber, December. Districts.—All. A bird of the sea not unfrequently driven on the coast, and even sometimes far inland, where it is generally found exhausted or dead.§ Guittemor, Uria troile (1.). S. and W. Cat. 60. Catalogued only.—Spald. Lvs?, xxxviil. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Frequent in the Yarmouth Roads (Paget Y., 12) ; a specimen of the ringed variety at Yarmouth Oct. 1847 (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 1965) ; another of this variety shot there Feb. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z, 8rd §. vii., 315). Lowestoft (Freeman v.v.); one caught in a fisherman’s net off that place, June 16, 1881 (in my posses- sion, C. B.) ; and one of the ringed variety taken there (Freeman v.v.). 2. Caught in a net at Southwold in winter plumage (H. V. Remnant in litt.). One found dead washed ashore at Thorpe Mere in March, 1879 (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8. iii, 266). Uncertain in its appearance at Aldeburgh, many have been taken there ; it is occasionally found dead along shore (Hele, Ald., 163), and it has been caught there in a sprat net (James MS.). 3. Felixstowe and Walton; a ringed variety shot at Landguard Fort; both the normal bird and the variety are rare in the neighbourhood (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk. 6. One killed at Sudbury by the river about 1879 (Rose v.v., C. B.!). § The following has no claim to be killed near Southwold, Suffolk, He has, reckoned as a Suffolk bird :— however, since informed Prof. Newton * Great Avxk or Gare-Fow. Alca that he has no recollection of * having tmpennis, L. made such a statement. Sir W. J. Hooker S. and W. (Caé. 61) state that they thought that he may have referred to a were assured by Sir W. J. Hooker that a Little Auk, and have been misunderstood bird of this species was some years since (see Harting’s Handbook, 72), 2D 208 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 7. Hockwold river (Newcome Collection). Months.—F ebruary, March, June, October. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 6, 7. Remains usually out at sea, except during the breeding season (see Dresser B. of Hur, viil., 568) ; it is taken not unfrequently on the coast, and is sometimes found dead on the shore; very seldom occurs far inland. Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., thinks that the Ringed Guillemot may possibly prove to be a distinct species. Different Suffolk examples of the Guillemot, in my Collection, vary considerably in the breadth and thickness of the bill. Mr. Dresser (B. of Hur. u. s.) considers those found in winter with bills more slender and lighter in colour, and with yellowish feet, to be young birds. Buack Guittemot, Uria grylle (L.). S. and W. Caz. 60. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. One shot at Yarmouth in the winter of 1878 or 1879 (H. Stevenson from J. H. Gurney, jun.,in Z%. 3rd S. iv., 339); a young bird shot there, in possession of Mr. Harvey (J. H. Gurney, jun, v.v.). Mr. Everitt mentions that one was picked up on the beach (in the neigh- bourhood of Lowestoft ?) in 1875 (Creed MS.). Z. A young bird obtained at Aldeburgh along shore opposite the town, in Noy. 1863, the only Suffolk example known to Mr. Hele (Hele, Ald., 163). Month.—N ovember. Districts.—1, 2. A bird of the sea; very rarely found on the Suffolk coast. Fam. PELECANIDZ. Cormorant, Graculus carbo (L.). S. and W. Cat. 59. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, common (Paget Y., 12); seven observed there flying towards the sea May, 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vil., 317). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 209 Breydon (Lubbock’s Fauna of Norf. 174, Hd. 1879); one killed there (Spalding’s Sale, Lot 326). Bred, occasionally using the Heron’s nests, at Herringfleet up to 1825; in that year there were many nests, but in 1827 not one; since that time they appear very rarely, if ever, to have nested at all (Lubbock’s Fauna of Norf., u.s.); one in breeding plumage shot there April 4, 1848 (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 2185). Very plentiful at Fritton within the remembrance of Page, the decoy- man, who never knew them to breed there (J. H. Gurney, jun., a it/.). 2. Two on Easton Broad Aug. 20, 1873 (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd 8, 3798). Westleton, rare (Spalding MS.). Frequently observed at sea- board, also on the river Alde; an immature female killed along shore at Aldeburgh in the autumn of 1867 (Hele, Ald., 165; James MS). An old bird seen crossing from the meres to the sea at Aldeburgh July 30, 1881 (J. Tuck in Z. 3rd S. v., 468). An immature male killed on the Orford river Oct. 4, 1871 (Hele, in Field, Oct. 14, 1871). 3. Immature bird shot at Higham in 1879 (F. Lambarde, in whose _possession itis, i Uité.). On the Orwell and Stour, rare (Kerry MS.) ; one seen near Pin Mill on the Orwell Sept. 6, 1881 (J. H. H. Knights in Z. 3rd 8. vi. 151). 4. Killed at Hoxne, in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection (W. Clarke a litt.). West Suffolk. 7. Two taken within three or four miles of Thetford (Newby i Uit., who has one of them). One shot flying over the flooded land at Laken- heath, Sept. 8, 1879, preserved by Mr. Prestland (Suffolk Standard, Sept. 16, 1879). Formerly bred. Months,—April, May, July, August, September, October. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 7. Found along the whole length of the coast, not very uncommon on some parts; and occasionally found far inland. Bred some years back on one of the fresh-water lakes, but never, in Suffolk, by the sea. SHae, Graculus cristatus (Faber). S. and W. Cat. 59. East Suffolk. 1, Yarmouth, very rare (Paget Y., 12). 2. Alde River, Jan. 1870 (in Mr. Tuck’s Collection), One occurred near Slaughden in Jan. 1870 (Hele, Ald., 166). 3. One seen on the Stour in Sept. 1820, swimming prodigiously fast (S. and W. w. s.); another probably from this river, or the Orwell, was in the Sudbury Museum ; now in my Collection (C. B.). 210 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. West Suffolk. 7. One taken on the Suffolk side of Newmarket, Oct. 1884 ; it was kept alive for some days by Mr. J. F. Clark, who has it stuffed (Howlett WeWs)) Months.—January, September, October. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 7. Very rare in Suffolk, and on the East coast of England generally. Gannet, Sula bassana (L.). S. and W. Cat. 59.—Spald., List, xxxviii. Sometimes seen in stormy weather. East Suffolk. 1. Has been met with at Yarmouth (S. and W. wu. s.); one killed at this place, where it is rare (Hunt in Stacey’s Hest. of Norf. lxiv.); not uncommon, several shot in the Roads after the severe gale of Oct. 31, 1827 (Paget Y., 12); a male shot there in 1849 (Bury Museum); several fine old birds shot off this place in Dec. 1861 (H. Stevenson in Z., 7393); one taken Oct. 1865 (T. E. Gunn in Wai. for 1865, 298); several more shot in Oct. 1872 (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney in Z. 2nd 68, 3355); and one caught in a fishing boat in 1877; Mr. Biddell, M.P., kept it for some time alive and gave it to me; it is now in my Collec- tion, C. B. (C. P. Ogilvie im ltt. and W. Biddell im Jitt.). A fine adult bird killed on Breydon Sept. 24, 1865 (H. Stevenson in Z., 9808). Lowestoft, common (Freeman v.v.). 9. An immature bird captured in the marshes at Aldeburgh in Oct. 1862 ; a mature bird washed ashore at Thorpe in Oct. 1863, and since that time two others have been found dead on the shore (Hele, Ald., 166 and MS.). 3. A fine old male observed at Melton and shot lower down the river about 1865 (Spalding MS.). An adult and an immature bird taken at sea off Landguard Fort, in Mr. Kerry’s Collection (C. B. !). 4, One from the Ipswich River (in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’ Collection) ; an adult male captured in an exhausted state in the autumn of 1875, in possession of Mr. Fonnereau, Ipswich (Haward M8.). West Suffolk. 5. One believed to have been shot at Redgrave some years ago (Wilson MS., who has it). 6. Nayland 1875 (lL. Travis a (it.). 7. One in the plumage of the first year shot on Icklingham Heath, Nov. 1849 ; being only winged, it fiercely attacked a dog which ran up to it (Bury Museum ; A. Newton in Z., 2825). 8. One taken alive after a stout resistance, at Culford, Dec. 1844, in CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 911 plumage of the second year, preserved at the Hall ; another seen in the neighbourhood a few days later (A. Newton w. s.). One shot at Elmswell in 1866 by Mr. T. Green (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst, 46). One wounded by the telegraph wires, May 1881, taken at Sicklesmere (Travis v.v. ; J. S. Phillips a (itz. ). Months.—May, September, October, November, Decem- ber. Districts.—All. Not very uncommon along the coast, occasionally met with inland. It is most frequently seen in autumn and winter, when it is attracted by the herrings. Fam. LArmwz. Common Tern, Sterna fluviatilis, Naumann. S. and W. Cat. 51. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1, Yarmouth, very common (Paget Y., 13). Some shot on Breydon Sept. 12, 1873 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd S., 3860); plentiful there Aug. 1881 (7d. in Z. 3rd S. vii., 325). A white variety with very pale brown head shot at Lowestoft Aug. 12, 1853, in the Collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Mitt. and J. H. Gurney in Z. 4124.). 2. Westleton (Spalding MS.). Seen in a large flock at Sizewell Aug. 1878 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 8rd S. ii., 484). A young bird partly fledged picked up on the beach between Sizewell and Dunwich July 30, 1873 (Rope M8.). Aldeburgh, abundant (Hele, Aid, 169, and James MS.); a good many seen about its breeding place on the shingle there in Aug., 1881 (J. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. v., 468). Found on the shingle at Orford Ness (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd S., 3798). 3. Sudbourn Hall Estate, in Sir R. Wallace’s Collection (O. B. !). Rather rare at Walton and Felixstowe, on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.). 4. Hoxne, rare (W. Clarke i Uit.). Bramford, rare (Haward MS.). Shot at Bosmere Mere (H. Lingwood 7 litt. ). West Suffolk. 5. Seen passing through Oakley about the breeding season (WwW. Clark 2m litt.). One shot at Mendlesham in May 1882 (Travis v.v. O. B.!). 6. Not unfrequently seen in summer flitting over the Stour near Sudbury (King, Zis/, 128) ; an adult and an immature bird from that place in my Collection (C. B.). 7. An immature bird obtained from the Hockwold River (Newcome Collection). 8. One shot at Ickworth (L. Travis i litt). 212 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Breeds. Months.—May, July, August, September. Districts.—All. A summer visitant, common or tolerably common along the whole length of the coast ; and met with, not very un- frequently, inland at great distances from the sea. Arctic Tern, Sterna hirundo, L. East Suffolk. 1. A specimen from Yarmouth (in the British Museum, Gray, Caz. 241). A mature male shot on Breydon Aug. 15, 1880, preserved by Lowne, in my Collection (C. B.); plentiful on Breydon, Aug. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd 8. vii., 8325). Four shot at Lowestoft by Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. in 1857 or 1858 (cm Uitt.); abundant there and one taken in Oct. 1879 (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Z. 3rd &. iv., 22). _ 2. An old and a young bird shot at sea off Benacre Sluice Aug. 1873 (Booth Cat. B. 105). Aldeburgh, abundant (Hele, Ald., 169) ; seen between Aldeburgh and Orford May 25, 1869 ; (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd S., 1862). Very numerous Aug. 1872, on the’shingle about the High Light near the Ness, Orford, where they had seemed to have bred, a very young bird apparently of this species being obtained (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd 8., 3308). West Suffolk. 6. A pair killed on Friar’s Meadow, Sudbury, in or before 18438, in the Sudbury Museum (T. B. Hall in Z., 342). Supposed to have bred. Months.—May, August, October. Districts.—1, 2, 6. Less common than the preceding, to which it is very nearly allied, but always to be distinguished from it by its shorter tarsus; though records of flocks of both are to be received with caution, as they can hardly be distinguished on the wing. * RosEate Tern, Sterna Dougallii, Montagu. Spald. List, xxxix. East Suffolk. 1. Mr. Youell has known this to be shot at Yarmouth (Paget Y., 13). 2, Orford (Spald. 2. s.). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 913 Districis.—1, 2. The above notices of this rare Tern are so meagre that it is impossible to feel any confidence that it has occurred in Suffolk. There seems to be only a single authenticated specimen hitherto met with in Norfolk (H. Stevenson i litt. ). SaNDWicH Tern, Sterna cantiaca (Gmelin). S. and W. Cat. 51.—Spald., List, xxxvii. Summer visitor. East Suffolk. 1. Has been killed at Yarmouth (8. and W. w. s.) ; not uncommon there (Paget Y., 12); a female from Yarmouth May 4, 1849 in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum, Dennis MS. note in Yarrell); one shot in the neighbourhood in Oct. 1875 (H. Stevenson in Z 2nd §., 4775). A pair seen and the female shot on Breydon Sept. 8, 1880, and an adult female shot Aug. 24, 1881 (7d. in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 372, and vii., 318). One stated by the late J. F. Thirtle to have been’ killed (in the neighbour- hood of Lowestoft) but no date recorded in his MS. (Thirtle a Uitt.); one was shot by Mr. Thirtle at Lowestoft in July 1856, and is probably the same bird. Mr. Everitt mentions that one was killed Nov. 1874, probably in the same neighbourhood (Creed MS); an old male from that place (Newcome Collection). 2. Aldeburgh (James MS.). 8. A specimen from Woodbridge district preserved by Mr. Heffer (Carthew MS.) ‘Two seen swimming in the Stour, April 1823, and one shot (S. and W. w. s.). 4, One obtained at Hoxne, in Sir E. Kerrison’s Collection (Clarke in litt.). _ Was formerly “pretty common” on the Suffolk coast, and bred there in June (Bewick ii., 212, Ed. 1832, from Latham). Months.— April, June, July, August, September, October, November. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4. Found on or near the coast ; not common. LessER TERN, Sterna minuta, L. S. and W. Caz. 51. East Suffolk. 1, Yarmouth, common (Paget Y., 13). Plentiful on Breydon Aug. 214 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd S. vii., 325); a pair shot there Sept. 6, 1881 (W. Lowne 2 litt.). A male from Lowestoft(Newcome Collection). 2. Bred on Sonthwold beach thirty-five years ago (H. Stevenson m litt.). Frequently alighted in the mud flats up the Alde, near Southwold, in Ang. 1873 (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd 8., 3798). Westleton (Spalding MS.). One from Sizewell (in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection, C. B. !); another taken June 1861 (in my Collection, C. B.; from J. H. Gurney jun.); a large flock seen there in Aug. 1878 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. ii, 434), Aldeburgh, abundant (Hele, A/d., 169); seen between that place and Orford in May, 1869 (J. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd&., 1862); five seen on the Alde, April 15, 1873 (Hele MS.); a great number seen round the meres at Aldeburgh in July, 1872 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd&., 3306); many seen again in May, 1879 (2d. in Z. 3rd S. iii, 302); a good many seen about its breeding place, on the shingle, at Aldeburgh, in Aug., 1881 (ad. in Z 8rd 8. v., 468). Found in considerable numbers on the beach at Orford (Rope MS.). 3. Rendlesham Estate,in Lord Rendlesham’s Collection (C. B. !). Taken at the mouth of the Woodbridge River (in Mr. W. P. T. Phillip’s Collection). One seen by me on the Deben above Bawdsey in May 1882; it followed our little boat, playing about near the sail, so close to us that the tail feathers might almost have been counted (C. B.). Common at Felixstowe; breeds at the Landguard Fort, and on the Walton beach (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk. 6. Taken near Cornard, Oct. 1881 (Simmons v.v.). Breeds. Months.—April, May, June, July, August, September, October. Districts—1, 2, 3, 6. A summer migrant, not uncommon on the coast. Buack Tern, Sterna fissipes, L. S. and W. Cat. 51, Catalogued only.—Spald., List,xxxix. Catalogued only. Kast Suffolk. 1. Yarmotith, sometimes plentiful (Paget Y., 13); one from that place in May 1850, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum) ; and another shot in June 1850 (Dennis MS. note in Bury Museum); an egg found in a marsh near this place April 20, 1869 (T. E. Gunn in Z. 2nd §., 1868); a specimen shot at that place in May 1869 (H. Steven- son in Z. 2nd §., 1911); and an adult female just assuming its winter plumage, with forehead and throat white, killed there in Aug. 1879 (T. E. Gunn in Z. 8rd §. iv., 58). Several occurred on Breydon in May, CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 215 1871 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §., 2829); three shot there in Sept., 1873, some seen there May 12, 1880, and May 14, 1881 (7. in Z. 2nd &., 3860; 3rd S. vi., 877, and vii, 317). Mr. Everitt mentions that a pair bred at Oulton in 1875 (Creed MS8.). 2. A single specimen seen off Sizewell in Aug., 1878 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. ii., 434). Observed in the Mere at Thorpe in May, 1866; specimens obtained in Sept. 1866, July 1867,and May 1868(Hele, A/d., 169). Several shot near Aldeburgh in Sept. 1866, only one with a black breast (N. F. Hele in Z. 2nd S., 499) ; one seen flying up the river Alde, September 25, 1868 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8, 1696); one seen in the first mere at Aldeburgh in May, 1879 (J. Tuck in Z. 3rd 8. iii., 302) ; and a single specimen seen again in Aug., 1881; Mr. Tuck observes that this bird is by no means common on the Suffolk coast (ad. in Z. 3rd 8. v., 469). 3. Woodbridge River, in possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS.). One seen flying towards Shotley Aug. 2, 1844 (Kerry v.v.). 4. One shot by the river at Mendham, May, 1883 (W. Clarke in iz.) ; one killed at Bramford, in possession of Mr. Haward ; another killed in the autumn of 1875 at the same place, in possession of Mr. Podd (Haward MS. ). West Suffolk. 5. Shot at Redgrave April 1852 (Creed MS.). 6. One killed at Lavenham Hall in 1879, in possession of Mr. Biddell, M.P. (C. B.!). Has been killed at Melford (Capt. Bence am hit.). Not unfrequently seen flitting over the Stour near Sudbury, Mr. King obtained several young birds, but never an adult (King, Lvs?, 128). Sudbury (Simmons v.v. ; C. B. !). 7. A flock seen May 22, 1882, hovering over the river between Brandon and Lakenheath (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. viii., 372). 8. Five killed in one day at Livermere in 1866 (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst., 46). Not uncommon in the spring about Bury St. Ed- mund’s about fifty years ago (H. T. Frere im Wt#.). Drinkstone, one or two seen about May nearly every year (Capt. Powell v.v., who has two specimens; ©. B. !). Twice recorded to have bred recently, but the supposed instances appear to require confirmation. Monihs.—April, May, June, July, August, September. | Districts.— All. A spring and autumn migrant; apparently less common than it used to be. This and the Common Tern are more frequently found inland than any of the other species. It is probable that this bird bred in the beginning of this century in the fen district about Brandon and Mildenhall, as it did at Feltwell and elsewhere in Norfolk (see H, 2E 216 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Stevenson and A. Newton in Dresser, B. of Eur. viii., 328-9). Litrte Guit, Larus minutus, Pallas. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, rarely met with (Paget Y., 13); one killed there, in Mr. Miller’s Sale (Newcome Collection); a male bird from Yarmouth Jan. 18, 1850 (Creed MS. and Dennis MS. notes in Bewick); this beautifully preserved bird was exhibited at the Crystal Palace, in 1851, and is now in Mrs. Dennis’ possession; a large number procured in Feb. 1870 (H. Stevenson in 7. 2nd §. 2501); one seen there in Nov. 1872 (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Z, 2nd $8. 3402); a very young bird shot in the neigh- bourhood Aug 25, 1873 (H. Stevenson in 7% 2nd S. 3716); three speci- mens shot in Oct. 1875 (dd. in Z 2nd § 4775); another in Oct. 1878 (7d. in Z. 3rd 8. iv., 839), and another in 1881 (G. Smith mm Uitt.). A male bird, immature, shot on Breydon in Oct. 1868 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 1495); another immature shot there Oct. 2, 1880; two or three specimens Oct., 1881 (/d. in Z. 8rd S. vi., 873, and vii., 320); another immature male Oct. 26, 1881 (G@ Smith im Litt; W. Lowne in Wit.) One killed on Gunton beach Feb. 18, 1870, and others seen (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 2501). One killed at Lowestoft in Feb, 1870 (éd. in Z. 2nd 8. 2501); Mr. Everitt mentions that two were shot in Dec. 1875 (in the neighbourhood of Lowestoft? Creed MS.); one shot Oct. 24, 1879, at Lowestoft (J H. Gurney, jun., in 7. 8rd S. iv, 22, who had it in the flesh). One killed at Beccles in Feb. 1870 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd §. 2501). 2. One shot near Southwold in the latter part of October 1881 (H. Stevenson 7m Wtt.). An adult male obtained in the first mere Aldeburgh May 22, 1867; three specimens in Jan. 1869; another in Oct. 1870; others Sept. 1871, Oct. 1872, Dec. 1874, all immature (Hele, Add, 170 and MS., and E. C. Moor in 7. 2nd §., 822); shot there almost every year (Kerry MS.). 3. One shot on the Orwell in Dec. 1873 ; in possession of Mr. Podd (Haward MS.). Walton and Felixstowe, rare (Kerry MS.). 4, One shot at Creeting in Aug. 1881, preserved by Mr. Bilson (Hawkins MS. from Bury Free Press). Months.— January, February, May, August, September, October, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4. A rare visitant on our coast; found more frequently at Aldeburgh than elsewhere ; a considerable number were seen near Yarmouth and Lowestoft in the winter of 1869-70, CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 217 Buack-Heapep GuiL, Larus ridibundus, L. S. and W. Cat. 52. Districts all. Common everywhere near the coast, most numerous in winter, and then sometimes in immense quantities ; by no means unfrequent inland, particularly during floods and inthe winter. More often seen in Suffolk than any other Gull. A beautifully-marked specimen of what has been through error called the ‘‘ Masked Gull” (L capistratus Temminck), now known to be but an imaginary species, was killed at Aldeburgh in April 1848, in possession of Mr. Haward, who gives its exact measurements (F. W. Johnson in Z 2231). Formerly bred on a mere at Brandon, but driven away by the plundering of the nests (Stev. B. of N. ii., 208 note, A. Newton v.v.). Kirtiwakr, Larus tridactylus, L. S. and W. Cat. 52. Catalogued only. Last Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, rather rare (Paget Y., 18) an immature specimen taken there (British Museum); a female obtained in Dec. 1847, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum); shot off Yarmouth in Jan. 1882 (in my Collection ; C. B.). 2. Not very common about Aldeburgh ; an old bird shot on the beach Nov. 1865; many taken Dec. 1868 (Hele, Ald., 174). 3. Woodbridge River, 1875, presented by C. Moor, Esq. (Ipswich Museum). Rare on the Orwell (Kerry MS.). West Suffolk, 6. One shot at Hartest in 1881 (Cutmore v.v.). 7. An immature bird picked up in a dying state in a farm-yard on the Undley Hall Estate about 1872 (A. Wainwright v.v. who hasit ; C. B. !). One, also immature, accompanying ducks to be fed, closely observed at Elveden by Messrs. A. and E. Newton Jan. 31, 1854 (A. Newton i Uit.). 8. One found dead in Feb. 1885, at The Vinery, Bury St. Edmund’s, in possession of Major Harris (C. B. !). Months.— January, February, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8. Not very common on the coast, and but rarely met with 218 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. inland. It is somewhat singular that we have no record of its occurring in any except the winter months, as it is a common spring and autumn visitant on the Kast coast in Norfolk (see J. H. Gurney, jun., in Mason’s Norfolk, pt. iv.). Common Gui, Larus canus, L. S. and W. Cat. 52. Catalogued only. Districts all. Recorded as common at Yarmouth (Paget), at Lowestoft (J. H. Gurney, jun.), at Leiston (Rope), at Aldeburgh (Hele), at Shotley (Kerry), at Bramford (Haward), at Sudbury during floods (King); as annually seen at Great Bealings following the plough with the rooks (E.J. Moor), and as occasionally seen at Oakley (W. Clarke), and as having occurred at Cockfield (C. B.), Elveden (Cam- bridge Museum), Eriswell (Newby), Hengrave and else- where near Bury (Travis a itt.). Many seen on the lakes and ponds in the interior of the county during the winter of 1868-9 (A. Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8., 1858). Common along the whole length of the coast; found not uncommonly in the interior. Whitear found that the bills as well as the legs of the young and old birds differed in colour ;_ he shot them on Breydon Dec. 13, 1819 ( Diary, 251). *Tortanp Gutt, Larus leucopterus, Faber. East Suffolk. | 1. Killed at Yarmouth in Nov. 1851 (J. O. Harper in Nat. for 1852, p. 182); an immature bird from Yarmouth stuffed by Knight (Newcome Collection), the wings in this specimen extend about an inch beyond the tail (Newcome MS.). 2. One shot on the beach at Benacre, in Jan. 1850, by Mr. John Farr (Wat. for 1851, 232). A male bird in excellent plumage killed at Thorpe in Jan. 1874 (Hele MS.). An immature bird shot at Alde- burgh, Jan. 15, 1876 (Kerry MS., and in Z 2nd §., 4848), and another killed near this place Dec. 1882, in magnificent plumage (H. A. Macpherson in Z. 3rd §. vii., 257). Months.—January, November, December. Districts.—1, 2. Mr. Dresser (B. of Hur. viii., 439-40) considers that EE ———_- CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 219 Larus leucopterus “differs from LZ. glaucus only in being smaller in size,” and he proceeds to quote a letter from Mr. Gatcombe who says exactly the same thing as Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., in the passage now to be cited: “ There seems to be every gradation in size between the Glaucous and Iceland Gulls” (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Mason’s Norfolk, pt. iv.); Mr. Gurney also writes :—“‘ There are some inter- mediate specimens from the East coast, which it is exceedingly difficult to adjudicate upon, but I think it is allowed now that the Iceland Gull is amore slender bird with proportionately longer wings” (7 litz.). Dr. Saxby (B. of Sheil., p. 336, quoted by Dresser, uw. s. p., 442) remarks that ‘‘it may be readily recognized by its acutely- pointed and somewhat long wings,” (see also Harvie-Brown quoted in the same place). It thus becomes very difficult to feel any confidence that the above specimens are correctly named; that in the Newcome Collection seems to have decidedly the best claim to be the true Iceland Gull, but has not yet been thoroughly examined (Stevenson 7n UiZz._). The other specimens may probably only have been small Glaucous Gulls. Herrine Guii, Larus argentatus, Gmelin. S. and W. Cat. 52. Catalogued only.—Spald., List, xxxix. Catalogued only.—Extremely numerous, flying long distances from the sea in the winter of 1868-9 (A. -Clark-Kennedy in Z. 2nd 8., 1858). East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, rather rare (Paget Y., 13) ; one found dead between that place and Lowestoft early in 1851; had choked itself by trying to swallow a brown rat (J. O. Harper, who had seen the bird alive the day before, in Wad. for 1851, p. 165). Lowestoft, common (Freeman v.v.) ; abundant Oct. 1879 (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Z. 3rd 8. iv., 22). 2. Numerous at Leiston in Nov. 1872 (G. 'T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8. 3606). Appears about Aldeburgh only in rough winter weather; a male bird taken Feb. 1868 (Hele, Ald., 173); a specimen in Mr. Tuck’s Collection (Tuck v.v.); an old bird seen in Jan. 1879 (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd. 8. ii, 265). 3. Rather rare on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.). 23.0 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. West Suffolk. 5. Oakley, occasionally (Clarke MS.). 6. A young bird shot at Thorpe Morieux in Dec. 1874 (given to me by Mrs. Baldwin ; C. B.). Two killed at one shot at Melford in 1851 ; in Capt. Bence’s Collection (Capt. Bence v.v.; C. B. !). Not unfrequently seen in low meadows near Sudbury in rough winter weather (King, Lzst, 128). 7. Mildenhall, in Jan. 1870 (Tearle MS. from Howlett). Months. — January, February, October, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Found on the coast in rough winter weather sometimes in large flocks; it occurs also occasionally inland, mostly in small numbers. Gravcous Gutt, Larus glaucus, Gmelin. Spald., Zist, xxxix. Rare. East Suffolk. 1. A fine specimen killed at Yarmouth not later than 1829 (Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norf. p. \xv.); an immature bird obtained there in 1848, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum ; C. B. !); a fine adult male killed there in Nov. 1851 (J. O. Harper in Vaz. for 1852, 132); an immature bird shot in Dec. 1852 was in Mr. Creed’s possession (Creed MS.); another immature obtained there about Dec. 16, 1873 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 3864); two others in Nov. and Dec., 1875 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4777); an adult male shot a few miles off Yarmouth Jan. 16, 1881 (preserved by Lowne, in my Collection, C. B.); twenty-seven were brought in by gunners and fishermen to Mr. G. Smith Jan. 26, 1881; Mr. Gurney, jun., found that seven were mature, nineteen immature, and one in change (Mason’s Hisé. of Norf. pt. iv.), and another immature near Yarmouth in Oct. 1881, 26 inches long, wings not extending beyond the tail (G. Smith am /.). An immature bird shot on Breydon, Dee. 20, 1880 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vi., 375). An immature bird obtained at Lowestoft, Dec. 1873 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd S., 3864); one shot there by Mr. Corbyn in Jan. 1876 (Thirtle litt.), and one obtained there about 1877 (Freeman v.v.). 2, An immature bird shot at Southwold in Dec. 1872, now in possession of Mr. Durnford of Liverpool (H. Durnford in Z. 2nd 8. 3413). One obtained at Thorpe in the winter of 1860, another in Jan. 1871, others in Nov. 1872, and Dec. 1874; a few have been observed most winters for some years (Hele, Al/d., 173 and MS8.), and a fine specimen shot at the Mere in Jan. 1879 (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 3rd 8, iii., 135). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 221 3. An immature bird killed in the harbour off Shotley, Dec. 1884, by Mr. Kerry, who has it (Kerry 2 Witt.). Months.—-January, October, November, December. Districts.—1, 2, 3. The early records of this bird are comparatively few ; of late years a good many specimens have been obtained in the winter on some parts of the coast. Most of the birds recorded above as Iceland Gulls probably belong to this species. GreaTER Brack-Backep Gui, Larus marinus, L. S. and W. Cat. 52. Catalogued only.—Spald., Lisé, xxxix. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, common (Paget Y., 13) ; a male bird from that place, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum). 2. Westleton (Spalding MS.) A fine adult shot at Leiston Feb. 3, 1873, in Mr. Rope’s Collection (G. T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8., 3608,.and MS.): Many visit Aldeburgh during the autumn and winter months, and associate in an immense flock about the further mere at Thorpe (Hele, Add., 173) ; a few seen in the Thorpe Mere Nov., 1878, a greater number remained outside in the open sea (F. M. Ogilvie in Z. 8rd 8. jii., 265); one shot at Aldeburgh, Feb. 1871, in Mr. Tuck's Collection (‘Fuck v.v.). 3. Walton and Felixstowe ; very common on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS.) 4, An adult and an immature bird from the river Orwell near Ipswich (in my Collection ; C. B.). ) West Suffolk. 6. Sudbury, not common, one remained for a week or two some years ago after other gulls had departed (King, Lisé, 128). 7. A female shot at Icklingham in April 1882 (Travis v.v.; C. B. !) Months.—February, April, November, ‘“‘autumn and winter.” Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7. Common on the coast, seldom seen at any distance from it ; it isin general an exceedingly shy bird and difficult to approach (Hele, w. s.). A solitary bird which remained for a week or two on the meadows at Sudbury occasionally allowed Mr. King to approach it pretty near (King w. s.). 222 CATALOGUE OF THE}BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. LessER Biack-BackeD Gut, Larus fuseus, L. S. and W. Cat. 52. Catalogued only.—Spald., Lzst,xxxix- Catalogued only. Kast Suffolk. 1. One shot not later than 1829 near Yarmouth, where it is rare (Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norf., p. lxv.) Yarmouth, rare ; two shot there in April 1821 (Paget Y., 13). Lowestoft, common (Freeman V.V.). 2. Westleton (Spalding MS.) An immature specimen shot on the beach near Leiston, Dec. 81, 1870 ; numerous there in Nov. 1872 (G. T. Rope in Z. 2nd 8. 3606, and MS.). Not abundant about Alde- burgh ; when they occur it is generally in the summer months, several obtained at different times (Hele, A/d., 173, and J. G. Tuck in Z, 2368) ; a fine adult bird seen there in May, 1879, and another shot there in Aug., 1881 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 3rd §. iii., 302, and v., 469). 3. Rather rare on the Orwell and Stour (Kerry MS). West Suffolk. 6. One shot at Brettenham by Mr. Stern, about Dec. 1881 (Bantock v.v.; ©. B.!). Sudbury, rather uncommon (King, Lzs?, 128). Months.—April, May, August, November, December. Districts.— 1, 2, 3, 6. Found at various places along the coast, but not very common. Great Sxva, Lestris catarractes (L.) Spald., List, xxxix. Rare. East Suffolk. 1. Four shot in Yarmouth Roads Oct. 1827 (Paget Y., 13) ; seen on the coast near Yarmouth in Oct., 1836 (Hoy in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H.1., N.S. (1837), p. 117); Yarmouth, Oct. 6, 1849 (Dennis MS. note in Yarrell) ; several fine specimens taken off this place in Oct. 1858 (H. Stevenson in Z., 6309); a dark variety, a female, purchased in Leaden- hall Market from the Yarmouth coast, Oct. 1869, in the Collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. (Dresser, B. of Hur. viii., p. 462, t. 609); one shot off Yarmouth Oct. 3, 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd 8. vii., 319; G. Smith, in whose possession it is, 7 ltt) ; a young bird from this place (Newcome Collection). One from Lowestoft in Mr. Stevenson’s Collection, who calls it quite a rarity on the Eastern coast (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vii., 319). 2. A specimen washed ashore near Thorpe, Jan. 1864, one or two others have been observed there, one in pursuit of Gulls (Hele, Add., CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 223 174 and MS.). One seen on Thorpe Mere Aug. 28, 1882 (H. A. Macpherson in Z. 3rd 8. vii, 14). One found dead at Aldeburgh (James MS.). One picked up after a gale at Orford and preserved by Mr. Heffer (Carthew MS.). Months.—January, August, October. Distriets.—1, 2. Found at very few places on the coast, and there but very rarely. Ricwarpson’s Sxua, Lestris parasiticus (L.). S. and W. Cat. 54.—Spald., List, xxxix. Rare. Kast Suffolk. 1. An “ Arctic Gull,” an old bird, killed at Yarmouth in Sept. 1819, in possession of Mr. Hunt; and a young bird Oct. 24 (Whitear’s Calendar 250, 251, and 8. and W. wu. s.); Yarmouth, occasionally both the adult and the young, the “ Black-toed Gull” (Paget Y.,13); Yarmouth, immature, Oct. 1848 (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 2354); Six specimens killed off this place in Oct. 1858, three in immature plumage of the second year, the others very nearly adult (H. Stevenson in Z. 6309), another shot off this place in Oct. 1874 (dd. in Z. 2nd &., 4293), and a few seen near it in Oct. 1881 (2d. in Z. 8rd §. vii, 319). A very fine mature specimen with two tail feathers projecting six inches, shot on Breydon Wall Oct. 14, and another of the same species shot on the beach Oct. 20, 1881 (Lowne 2 Uiit.). 2. An adult bird shot at Easton Broad in 1841 by Mr. T. M. Spalding (Spald. uw s. and MS.). One shot about Oct. 1871 on the beach at Southwold (H. Durnford in 7. 2nd §. 2906). An immature bird on the beach near Dunwich in Aug, 1873 (7d. in Z. 2nd 8. 3799). A mature female killed at Thorpe in Aug. 1868 ; one seen there Nov. 1873 (Hele, Ald., 175 and MS.). Aldeburgh 1830 (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. N. H.iv., 163,1831); an immature bird shot there in Sept. 1873 (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8. 3799). One knocked down on the Dunningworth Hall marshes in 1855, in possession of Mr. Hillen (Carthew MS8.). 3. Rare at Walton and Felixstowe (Kerry MS.). 4. Shot at Bramford, now in the Ipswich Museum (Podd 7 Uiz.). West Suffolk. 7. A young bird killed on a warren near Brandon, Sept. 1819(Whitear’s Diary 250 and 8. and W. 54). One shot at Exning Jan. 1883 (Howlett V.v.). Months.—January, August, September, October, Novem- ber. Districts.—1, 2, 3, 4, 7. 2F 224 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Found along the coast not very uncommonly; very rarely far inland. The distinction between this bird and the following has only been understood very recently, con- sequently the earlier records of both species cannot be depended upon as being correctly named (H. Stevenson 7 litt.). Burron’s Sxua, Lestris longicaudus (Vieillot). East Suffolk. 1. Two adult and one immature birds obtained near Yarmouth Oct. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd &. vil., 319). 2. A mature specimen shot from a bathing machine at Aldeburgh, Oct. 1860 (Hele, Ald, 175 and J. G. Tuck in Z, 2nd 8, 3799). 3. A young bird obtained in the Orwell, Oct. 1870, in Mr. Howard Saunders’ Collection (Dresser, 5. of Hur. viii., 487). Month. —October. Districts.--1, 2, 3. A decidedly rare bird on the Suffolk coast; it is only recorded as having been met with in the autumn. Pomatoruine Sxua, Lestris pomatorhinus (Temminck). S. and W. Café. 53. East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, Oct. 1848 (J. H. Gurney and W.R. Fisher in Z. 2354); one, nearly mature, killed off that place in Oct. 1858 (H. Stevenson in Z. 6309); a female from Yarmouth, Oct. 19, 1870, in the Collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. (Dresser, B. of Eur. vii., 469); an immature specimen shot Noy. 25, 1871 (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney, jun., in 7. 2nd S. 2980); three seen off this place Oct. 8, 1872 (J. H. Gurney, jun. in Z. 2nd 8. 3355); and eleven brought in Oct. 1874, probably shot from the herring smacks (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4293); several seen and four obtained in Oct. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. vii., 319; G. Smith mm M/t.). Lowestoft (freeman v.v.). 2. One shot at Southwold (Haward MS.). An adult bird killed at Thorpe in 1864; another near the Alde in 1869; another, a mature female, found dead along shore in Oct. 1870 (Hele, Ald., 175 and MS.; H. M. Wallis in 7. 2nd 8. 1868). 3. One shot on the Orwell in the winter of 1871; in Mr. Haward’s possession (Haward MS.). 4. One killed near Ipswich, in the Collection of Mr. Seaman (8. and W. u. 8.) CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 225 West Suffolk. 7. An immature bird from Lakenheath Fen (Newcome Collection). One from Elveden (Cambridge Museum). ; ‘ 8. One shot at Hardwick, Sept. 1883, preserved by Bilson (W. Bilson m litt.). Months.—September, October, November, ‘“ winter.” Distriets.—1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8. Not very uncommon off Yarmouth, and found occasionally there and elsewhere on the coast; rare inland. Fam. PRocELLARIIDE. Manx SHEarwater, Pufinus anglorum (Temminck). Kast Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, rare (Paget Y., 13). A male shot on Breydon Sept. 4, 1883 (W. Lowne in it, O. B.!). 3. One shot on the Deben in 1879 (G. P. Hope i hiz.). 4, One obtained near Ipswich about the middle of September 1884, and is now in the Ipswich Museum (J. E. Taylor v.v.). West Suffolk. 7. One taken alive in a harvest field at Cavenham, Sept. 3, 1883 (Travis v.v.; C. B.!). One picked up on Newmarket race-course Sept. 24, 1869, preserved by Mr. Howlett (W. Clarke MS. notes in Yarrell). 8. A female bird taken alive in a harvest field at Fornham St. Martin Sept. 1, 1882 (Bury Free Press, Sept. 23, 1882); now in my Collection; C. B. Month.—September. | Districts—1, 3, 4, 7, 8. A bird of the sea, which has only occasionally been driven on the shore and inland.* Fuimar, Fulmarus glacialis (L.). ast Suffolk. 1. An adult bird from Yarmouth in the British Museum (Dresser, B. of Hur. vill., 542); occasionally shot or caught in Yarmouth Roads (Paget Y., 13); one killed there, in possession of J. J. Gurney, Esq., of * Mr. Hele had a good opportunity of water, Puffinus cinereous, Gould (Hele, observing a Shearwater flying along shore Ald., 175); it is impossible in such a near the Thorpe Coastguard Station during _genus to determine satisfactorily to which Dec, 1869; he calls it a Cinereous Shear- _ species it belonged. 226 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Earlham (Hunt in Stacey’s Birds of Norf. \xiv.); two taken twenty miles out at sea off Yarmouth, Dec. 1843 (W. R. Fisher in Z. 456); a male bird shot at Yarmouth in May 1850, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum). One obtained at Lowestoft in 1880 (Freeman v.v.). 2. One caught alive at Sizewell in Sept. 1862 (Hele, Aid. 176). West Suffolk. 8. One caught at Brockley, and kept alive at Chadacre Hall ; it ate birds, swallowing them feathers and all, and was very voracious; I saw it alive in 1878 (Miss Hallifax v.v.; C. B.!). Months—May, September, December. Districts.—1, 2, 8. A bird of the sea, only known as a very rare straggler in Suffolk. Storm Prtre., Procellaria pelagica (1.). S. and W. Cat. 54. Sometimes makes its appearance on the coast.—Spald., Last, xxxix. Catalogued only. East Suffolk. 1. A few generally shot every winter at Yarmouth; in Nov. 1824, between two and three hundred shot after severe gales (Paget Y., 13); a white variety believed to have been shot at Yarmouth, bought at. Mr. S. Miller’s Sale by Mr. J. H. Gumey (J. H. Gurney, jun., im Mit); numerous in the winters of 1827 and of 1828 off the Yarmouth coast (Hunt in Stacey’s Hist. of Norf. \xiv.); six killed by flying against the floating light off Yarmouth in Dec. 1849, in the Dennis Collection (Bury Museum; C. B.!); one shot on the coast near Yarmouth early in Jan. 1881 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8rd §. vii., 313). One shot at Gorleston Oct. 17, 1881 (d. in Z. 3rd §. vii. 320). Many have been seen or taken in different years in Lowestoft harbour (Freeman v.v.; Thirtle v.v.) ; many seen in the outer harbour in Oct. 1869 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 2056). a Ge shot at the mouth of the Blyth in Dec. 1882; in Mr. Millais’ Collection (H. V. Remnant in litt.). One found dead on the beach at Leiston Nov. 28, 1871, and another shot Dec. 4, by Mr. Rope, as it was flying along the shore ; both in Mr. Rope’s Collection (Rope MS8.). Almost unknown about Aldeburgh before 1867, but several killed or found dead subsequently (Hele, A/d., 176). Six seen flying near the Orford Lighthouse, three were shot Oct. 1867 (E. C. Moor in Z. 2nd S. 992). 3. nee shot in the river at. Woodbridge by Mr. Mark Taylor in autumn; another killed some years ago in Mrs. Carthew’s garden at Woodbridge in the winter, now in possession of Mr. T. Carthew (Carthew MS.). CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 227 Rare at Walton and Felixstowe (Kerry MS.). One killed on the Stour in May 1820 (8S. and W. wz. s.) 4, Captured in an exhausted state in 1867 in the garden of Mr. G. C. Mason, who presented it to the Museum (Ipswich Museum; C. B.!). Obtained off Felixstowe, in Mr. Kerry’s Collection (C. B.!). Two caught by Mr. Boyle on the lantern-glazing of the Light-house on Landguard Fort; the last, a very fine bird, in Sept. 1883 (Boyle a Uitt.). West Suffolk. 5. One shot at Redgrave about 1872 (G. H. Wilson MS.). One picked up in a dying state near Eye in the end of Oct. 1869 (W. H. Sewell am hit., who has it). 6. One shot at Somerton in 1876 by the Rev. J. Ford (Cutmore v.v.). Nayland about 1870 (L. Travis im Uit.). 7. One picked up in a dying state on the Undley Hall Estate at Lakenheath, on a piece of land called Long Border, October 22, 1869 (A. Wainwright v.v., who has it ;C. B.!). Elveden (Cambridge Museum, skeleton). A fine specimen picked up in the street of Newmarket in an exhausted state in Nov. 1855 (A. Fuller in Z. 5065); two found on the Heath Jan. 13 1868 (Tearle MS. from Howlett). 8. One picked up in a field at Barrow in 1865 (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst. 46). One picked up dead in Ickworth Park (Bilson MS.). Months.—January, May, September, October, November, December. Districts.— All. Essentially a bird of the sea, but like other birds of the same kind, it is not unfrequently found dead or dying far inland. Lracn’s on Forx-Tartep Perret, Procellaria Leachit (Temminck). East Suffolk. 1. One killed near Yarmouth about the middle of Oct. 1849 (J. H. Gurney in Z. 2622); three observed between Yarmouth and Lowestoft Nov. 28, 1849; one shot at Yarmouth a day or two after (J. O. Harper in Z. 2991); another June 1850 (J. B. P. Dennis MS. note, in Bury Museum), and another July 6, 1867 (THe Field of July 138, quoted from Mr. Stevenson in Dresser, B. of Hur. vili., 499), Mr. Stevenson remarks that it is a strange date for such a bird; Mr. Gurney has one from Yarmouth, date uncertain (Dresser B. of Hur. viii., 498). At Lowestoft, once only; bought by J. F. Thirtle of a boy who had caught it alive (Thirtle in Litt. ). 3. One from Butley Creek ; it was riding among a number of teal and other fowl in a heavy gale; preserved in the Seckford Reading Room, 228 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Woodbridge (E. Cobbold im Uitt., to whom it belongs). One from Bawdsey Nov. 1881 (Asten v.v., in my Collection (C. B.). 4. Found dead near Ipswich in Dec. 1836 (Hoy in Loudon’s Mag. N. H. i. (N.8.) 1837, 117). West Suffolk. 7? One shot'in Suffolk before 1864, stuffed by Reynolds of Thetford; in Mr. Newcome’s Collection (F. dA. Newcome in Ui); Mr. Reynolds’ son tells me that his father has been dead some years, and that he is unable to say where the bird was shot (C. B.). Months.—June, July, October, November, December. Districts.— 1, 3, 4, 7 (?) Much like the preceding in its habits, but far more rare. APPENDIX. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. The birds already enumerated belong to the class which we may call true Britons. These are included in the first part of Harting’s Handbook of British Birds (see above, Introd.). His second part consists of what he calls “ Rare and Accidental Visitors”; these have been met with in Britain only a few or a very few times, some of them only once. In the last published list of British Birds (Lond. 1883), compiled by a Committee of the British Orni- thologists’ Union, and referred to above as the Lbzs Lis#,* it has “‘been deemed advisable to regard as British every species of which even a single specimen has been obtained in an undoubtedly wild state within the confines of the British Islands ” (Pref. v.), and accordingly they are all included in one and the same list arranged all together according to their natural orders.t The histories of British Birds previously published had tacitly proceeded upon the same _ principle. The late Mr. Newman, however, in the Preface to his edition of Montagu’s Ornithological Dictionary (Lond. 1866), strongly disapproves of the method employed by his predecessors. He considers that a great number of these species now added (since the time of Montagu), have “ not the slightest claim to the title of British Birds,” and that the records of these birds from a purely scientific point of view, ‘Care utterly worthless.” “The time seems to have arrived,” * Tam reminded that my designation ¢ A table is prefixed, dividing the birds of ‘‘ Ibis List” is not accurate, it should (numerically only) into four categories, have been referred to as “ Zist of Brit. (1.) Residents. (2.) Summer Visitors. Birds compiled by a Committee of the (3). Winter Visitors, (4). Occasional British Ornithological Union.” Visitors, 230 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. he says, “‘ when the conscientious compiler must eliminate these interlopers” (p. xxiv).* Mr. Harting’s method, which proceeds on an intermediate principle, has appeared to me the best to go upon, and I have accordingly followed it throughout the present Catalogue. The only difficulty of this arrangement consists in drawing the line between tolerably regular, though rare, vistants and those which can only be regarded as purely accidental. The native countries of the birds which follow will be found enumerated in the above Zis?, and in Harting’s Hand- book, as well as in the various histories of European and British Birds. They are but very lightly, if at all, touched upon in these pages. GREENLAND Fatcon, falco candicans, Gmelin. S. and W. Cat. 2.—Spald. Lsz, xxxv. East Suffolk, 1. One shot on Bungay Common, only slightly wounded, and lived for some time in Mr. Cooper’s possession (S. and W. w. s., who call it a Gyr-Falcon, and Harting’s Handbook, 85, Spald, u.s.); this example was first recorded and figured in Hunt’s brit. Ornith, (i., 69); Mr. Cooper, at whose sale at Cove it was sold (I. M. Spalding MS8.), considered that it was Latham’s Var. B. of the Iceland Falcon, which he calls the Spotted Iceland Falcon, and, remarking on its tameness, suggests that it may have been an escaped bird (Hunt, w. s.; see also Yarrell’s Brit. Birds by Newton, i., 42); it is now in Lord Huntingfield’s Collection (Stev. b. of V.1., 7). Some years back Mr. Spalding, sen. assured Mr. Stevenson that a Greenland Falcon was shot by a keeper, named Martin, in the employ of John Lea Farr, Hsq., of North Cove Hall; he shot it after watching it some nights, and noticing that it always took the same route to roost ina wood; he described it asa large white Falcon, with afew dark spots; he gave it to a farmer, but it was not preserved (H. Stevenson zz lii.). 4. One caught in Westerfield, and kept alive for some weeks; it was in pursuit of a bird flying over a pond in the park, struck at the bird, which it missed, and fell into the water ; it managed to creep out, but its wings were so wet that it could not fly, and was caught by a man * Prof, Newton tells me that these 1853 (Hggs of Br. B., Ed. 3, Pref. 2), and views were held by other ornithologists» that something very like them may be before Mr. Newman enunciated them; seen in P. Z, S., 1860, 181, 132. that Hewitson gave utterance to them in ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 2 3 1 who threw his coat over it (Hillen 7 /itt.); Mr. Moor saw it stuffed in Mr. Garrard’s house in 1876 (Moor MS.); it is now in the possession of Mr. Crewe of East Lodge, Burton-on-Trent, who writes that this specimen is what Mr. Gould calls in his Lritish Birds “ Greenland Falcon, White Race” (V. Crewe i Jitl.). Gyr-Fatcon, Falco gyrfalco, L. 2. An immature bird shot, in the act of devouring a hen, by Mr. George Hunt, at Orford, Oct. 14, 1867; it is now in possession of his brother Mr. K. J. Hunt, of Pimlico, by whom it was stuffed; this is the only instance of the occurrence of the Norwegian Gyr-Falcon in Britain. Mr. Seebohm observes :—“The head is somewhat darker than the back, and the under parts, including the thighs, are longitudinally streaked ; it is probably a bird of the year, which has not yet assumed the yellow legs.” (Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, i., 19 ; see also Hele, Ald., 71; C. B.!).* Rep-Foorrp Fatcon, Falco vespertinus, L. 1. One shot in a marsh by Breydon in 1832, in possession of Mr. D. B. Preston (Paget, Y., 3); now in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (Rambles of a Nat. in Egypt, by J. H. Gurney, jun., p. 283).f A young male killed at Somerleyton, July 1862; in possession of Mr. H. Stevenson (Stev. B. of N. i., 20, and H. Stevenson in Z. 8725, C. B.!). Snowy Ow1, Wyctea nivea (Daudin). 1. One seen for a single day near a decoy at Herringfleet, Nov. 1878 (Col. Leathes im litt, 1883). A female killed at St. Andrews, near Bungay in Feb. 1847, formerly in Mr. T. M. Spalding’s Collection (Stev. * Mr. Hunt, who has kindly permitted perceptible black mystacial streak or a photograph of his bird to be taken for patch, Mr. Hunt says ‘‘ this is very plain this work, writes in answer to my in myspecimen, and the coloration darker enquiries as follows:—‘‘ The head of this — than in the Iccland Falcon.” specimen is certainly the darkest part . . . . itisofauniform colour some- + ‘I have recently ascertained a what darker than the back. Asto Mr. J. young male Red-footed Hobby in my H. Gurney, sen., and myself, we certainly father’s Collection to be the specimen agreed that it was the same as the speci- _ recorded in Paget’s N. H. of Yarmouth, men marked Norway Gyr-falcon from It was shot at Breydon not as Messrs. Kotzebue Sound in the British Museum, Paget say in 1832, but on the Ist of although somewhat darker . . . Mr. May, 1830. In all probability it was Sharpe told me . . . that he felt the first killed in Britain, Mr. D. B. satisfied about its being the Norway Preston, of Catton, to whose notes I am species, and asked me to allow Mr. indebted for clearing up the confusion, Seebohm to examine it, which he did.’ says it was killed behind Vauxhail Gardens, In reference to Prof. Newton’s remark and he saw it shot.” (J. H. Gurney, jun. (in Yarrell’s Birds, i., 47), that in the 4, s.). Gyr-Falcon there is commonly a very 26 232 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. B. of N. i. 58; Gurney and Fisher in Z. 1769; C.B.!); now in possession of Mr. John Loder, Woodbridge (Loder in Litt.). Lirrke Own, Athene noclua (Scopoli). Kast Suffolk. 1. Very rare at Yarmouth, two specimens are well authenticated (Paget, Y., 4); one taken alive on a fishing smack off Yarmouth in Jan. 1862, now in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (H. Stevenson in 7. 7931; J. H. Gurney, jun., i Uit.)f One killed at Oulton about 1877, by striking the telegraph wires (Freeman v.v.). 2. Killed at Holton about 1840 (Creed MS.). West Suffolk. 5. One shot in Duchess Wood, Thornham, in Nov. 1874, in Lord Henniker’s Collection (Lord Henniker y.v. ; Clarke m litt, who saw it killed ; C.B. 2). 8. A female bird shot at Hengrave by Sir Thomas Gage’s gamekeeper in Feb. 1866 (Bilson in Jowrn. Suff. Inst., 23, and Stevenson MS., quoted in Harting’s Handbook, 92); the same bird was seen by Mr. Tuck, and is now in possession of Lady Gage (Tuck v.v.). Either this or Tengmalm’s Owl seen by Mr. W. G. Blake at Risby about 1860 ; he has also seen one taken at Norton (W. G. Blake i Jitt.). Scops Ow, Scops giu (Scopoli). A specimen supposed to be from Suffolk is in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’s Collection (C. B.!). East Suffolk. 1. Has occurred twice in the neighbourhood of Yarmouth (Gurney and Fisher in 7. 1804). West Suffolk. 5. A male bird taken by Mr. Felgate at Haughley Bushes in 1865, and stuffed by Bilson ; it was for some time in Mr. Felgate’s possession, but he parted with it a few years ago to a gentleman in the North of England (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst., 23, and in litt. ; Felgate in Uitt.). 8. One shot at Rougham in 1878 (Tearle MS. from Howlett). t+ For a specimen which escaped from destroyed, said to have been killed near its cage at Yarmouth, and for another Yarmouth, purchased by Mr. Gurney wrongly reported to have been shot near from the late Mr. Thirtle, then a nursery- Yarmouth, see Dresser, B. of Eur. v. 358. man at Eaton (Stev. B. of WN. i., 44); @ more recent investigation of this bird does *MotrLeD Own, Scops asio (L.). not justify its retention in the list (¢d. in 1. A specimen, now unfortunately White’s Norf.). ACCIDENTAL VISITORS 233 *Kacte Owt, Bubo maximus, Fleming. Yarrell Br. B.i., 111, Lond. 1848. Recorded to have been taken in Suffolk; (see also Spald. Lest xxxv. No record of its having been taken in Suffolk is known to me (C. B.). Trenematw’s Own, Wyctale Tengmalmi (Gmelin). East Suffolk. 1. One killed at Bradwell, some years before 1846 (Stev. B. of N.1., 60). 3. One from the sand district across Sutton Heath (in Mr. W. P T. Phillips’s Collection). West Suffolk. 7. One caught during the night in a rat-trap in a wood near New- market Nov. 20, 1884; another seen there soon afterwards, and believed to be still there, Dec. 9. The wood is partly in Cambridgeshire, partly in Suffolk (Bury Free Press, Nov. 22, 1884 ; Howlett i litt; C. B.!). Aurtine Accentor, Accentor alpinus, Bechstein. 1. Observed alive by Mr. Lubbock in 1823 on a grass plat at Oulton near Lowestoft (Lubbock’s Fauna of Norfolk, p. 54; Hd. 1879; full account in note). BuvE-THRoATED WarBLER, Cyanecula suecica (L.). Kast Suffolk. 1. A male bird of the year, of the Scandinavian form, shot on the Suffolk side of Breydon, Sept. 15, 1883 (W. Lowne v.v.; in my Collection, C. B.). A male bird of the same form killed near Lowes- toft in May 1856, in Mr. Gurney’s possession (Stev. b. of V.i. 96; J. H. Gurney in 7.5159); another of the same form procured on the Lowestoft Denes in July 1877 (Moore in Z. 3rd 8. i., 449). 3. Three came on board Lord Rendlesham’s yacht near Bawdsey Cliff in Sept. 1879; he caught them himself in the evening; they all died the same night on board, and were not preserved; the breast was red and blue (Lord Rendlesham v.v.). West Suffolk. 8. One seen near the Butts, Bury St. Edmund’s, Nov. 12, 1884, with a very blue breast, by Miss Robertson, then staying at Hardwick House; she described the bird accurately, and immediately recognized it in my Collection (C. B.). The above, as far as they have been identified, all belong 934 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. to the Scandinavian form, which hasa red spot in the centre of the blue throat. Marso Warster, Salicaria palustris (Bechstein). 1. Three occurred near Yarmouth in June 1869 (Harting, Handbook, p- 104); one of these is in the Collection of Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., who doubts the distinctness of this species (7 it.). * Pine Grospeak, Pnicola enucleator (I..). East Suffolk. 1. Yarmouth, a rare visitant (Paget, Y.,6); a pair shot near Yar- mouth, formerly in Mr. Miller’s Collection now dispersed (Stev. B. of N. i, 235); these birds were shot in 1845 (Lubbock, Fauna of Norfolk, p. 36, referred to by Newton in Yarrell’s Br. B. ii., 178). Reported to have built in a fir tree near Bungay to Messrs. Gurney and Fisher, (in Z.1318). Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., thinks they could not have been seen in summer and so could not have nested (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Z. 3rd 8. 245; see also Yarrell’s Br. B. by Newton, ii., 178). West Suffolk. 7. One shot at Heigham in 1874 (‘Tearle MS. from Howlett). 8. One shot near Bury St. Edmund’s about 1830 (H. T. Frere a Wit. ). The above quoted instances appear to be doubtful. Parrot CrossBitL, Loria pityopsittacus, Bechstein. Hast Suffolk. 1. One shot at Lound, April 11, 1850 (Dennis MS. notes in Beaick). 2. One, apparently a female, in the Cambridge Museum, stated in Mr. Jenyn’s handwriting to have been killed at Blythburgh in Suffolk in 1818 (Yarrell’s Br. B. by Newton ii, 208). Mr. Hele obtained a bird which he was informed was of this species, from Sizewell Belts in Nov. 1861 (Hele, Ald., 98). West Suffolk. 8. A fine red male shot at Saxham Nov. 1850, formerly belonging to Prof. Newton ; now in the Cambridge Museum (Stev. B. of WV. 1., 239; A. Newton in 7. 3145). WHITE-WINGED CrossBILL, Lozia bifasciata, Nilsson. East Suffolk. 4, Five or six, either of this bird or of the American White-winged 'rossbill, were seen near Ipswich many years ago; one was shot by Mr. Seaman (Yarrell’s Gr. &. 11., 39, Ist Ed.; from Hoy). West Suffolk, 8. A flock observed at Drinkstone in May, 1846; two males were ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 235 obtained, one was given by Mr. Dix to Mr. Stevenson, who now has it, the other is in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s possession (Lubbock’s Mauna of Norfolk, 60 and note); another specimen shot at Drinkstone is in possession of Dr. Bree (C. R. Bree im Uitt., and in Z, 2419). Some were reported, by Mr. C. B. Hunter (7. 1498), to have been observed on fir trees near Thetford in May 1846; this report probably arose from the fact that two of the Drinkstone specimens were sent to Thetford for preservation (Yarrell’s Lr. B., by Newton ii., 213, note). One shot at Whepstead (Bilson MS.). American Merapow Sraruine, Sturnella magna (I..). 5. One shot in March, 1860, close to the railroad at Thrandeston, now in the Collection of the Rev. H. T. Frere, of Burston (P. L. Sclater in /bis 1861, 176; Lubbock’s Fauna of Norfolk 61. Published from this specimen in Gunn’s Photographs of Birds of Norfolk, &¢., No. 18). Inhabits North America; only two other specimens have been met with in Britain. Prof. Newton considers there is every reason to suppose that all three had been imported and had escaped. Nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes (L.). Kast Suffolk. 1. One shot by a fisherman, off Yarmouth, in Oct., 1853; formerly in possession of Mr. James Green (James Green in Z%. 4096; J. H. Gurney in Z. 4124). A male shot, Oct. 8, 1864, in a garden in Gorles- ton, on the Suffolk side of the Yare (Lubbock’s Fauna of Norfolk, 51, Stevenson’s 5. of NV. i., 285), in possession of the Rev. C. J. Lucas (H. Stevenson in Z. 9405). Mr. Lucas informs me that it was shot by Mr. Stone in his garden; he gave it to his boy, who sold it to a game dealer in Yarmouth, from whom Mr. Lucas purchased it ; it is in good plumage (in litt.) ; it has been photographed (Gunn’s Photographs of Norfolk Birds, No.8). Shot once at Somerleyton, about 1876 (Freeman v.v.). Rep-WINGED STARLING, pheniceus, Vieillot. 6. Seen at Hadleigh, by several boys in May 1882. Mr. F. Spalding writes to Ageleus Winged Starling? I have tried to get a sight at them since, but without success, but a boy named Giimsey saw one sitting on a hurdle in a meadow close by my me as follows, in a letter dated Hadleigh June 21, 1882 :—‘‘On Wednesday, May 17th, my boy Edmund of 13 years saw a pair of what he called ‘‘ Starlings with red on the wings close by the back,” not red bodies, but only on the wing coyerts. They flew over his head and down to alow meadow (to join Starlings, Rooks, and Jackdaws), so that as they flew beyond him he distinctly saw their partly red wings. Wouldthese be theAmerican Red- house, and described it as a Blackbird, with red on the wings, and another boy named Jackson saw one by our old farm- yard near the Hall. Perhaps this is worth your notice for your Rare Birds of Suffolk.” There is no reasonable doubt that the birds were the Red-Winged Starling, a common North American species, but the specimens which have been obtained in Britain labour under the suspicion of being escaped birds, 236 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 2. One taken at Holton in June, 1824, preserved in the Leverian Museum at Ely (E. Bidwell i U/t. from Cat. of Leverian Museum at Ely). One taken some years before 1846 at Southwold (J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in 7. 1315) ; Prof. Newton has not been able to trace it (Yarrell’s Br. B. by Newton, ii., 331 note); perhaps the same as the Holton bird (C.B.). West Suffolk. 5. Sir Edward Kerrison informed Prof. Newton that he has had a specimen in his possession for about forty years, which he believes to have been killed in Oakley Park (Yarrell’s Br. B. by A. Newton, ii., 331 note). ALPINE Swirr, Cypselus melba, Mlliger. East Suffolk. 1 An immature specimen shot at the back of Breydon Wall, Sept. 9, 1872 ; now in Mr. Gurney’s Collection (H. Stevenson and J. H. Gurney, jun., in Z. 2nd 8. 3319, 5046). 2. One captured in a room at the Brudenhall Hotel at Aldeburgh, Sept. 8, 1870, in possession of Mr. Greenwood, of Aldeburgh ; another seen at the same time (7rans. Norf. and Norw. Nat. for 1872- 3, Lig, and N. F. Hele in Z. 2nd 8. 2344 from F%eld). 7. Shot at Wickhambrook, June 1881 (Tearle MS., Bury Free Press July 2nd, 1881). 8. One shot by Mr. J. Thirtle on the Angel Hill, Bury St. Edmund's, about 1835 (Bilson in Journ. Suff. Inst. 46, and MS8.). Patias’s Sanp GrovusE, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (Pallas). East Suffolk. 1. A female shot at Yarmouth June 20, 1863, in Mr. Newcome’s Collection (H. Stevenson in 7. 8712). A female shot on Breydon June 8, 1868, seen along with a flock of Grey Plovers; its crop contained seeds of Medicago minima, Chenopodium album, Polygonum convolvulus (or some Rumex ?), and Poa annua. At Kessingland a female was killed June 24, 1868, out of a flock of twelve or fourteen which had been in the neighbourhood for a fortnight before; about the last week in July a flock of fifty or sixty birds, supposed to be of this species, were seen flying southward (H. Stevenson in Z. 8709, sqq. 8851; A. Newton in Jbis for 1864, pp. 201, 292). 2. Two males and a female killed at Walberswick June 5 and 6, 1863; a flock of about eighteen seen there at the same time, and two smaller parties of seven and three; one of those killed was secured by Sir J. Blois’ gamekeeper (Stevenson in 7., wu. s.; Newton, uw. s.), the other pair were in Spalding’s Sale (Lot 368) and are now in Lord Huntingfield’s Collection (C. B.!). A male killed at Sizewell July 7, 1863 (Stevenson w. s. 8849; Newton w. s. 202). A covey of seven ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 237 appeared at Thorpe May 28, 1863; a female was shot and brought to Mr. Hele; many small dark seeds were found in the crop, some were planted and proved to be the 7’rifoliwm minus (Smith) or Lesser Trefoil; many more coveys visited the neighbourhood. On June 11, fifteen birds passed alongshore towards the south, and on the 19th more than twenty were seen at Thorpe ; some remained through July, keeping mostly to the shingly beach; they were very wild and flew rapidly; one was killed on the 25th. Mr. Hele says that altogether ten birds were procured in the neighbourhood; two were seen at Thorpe Nov. 22 (Hele, Add., 162, 103). Mr. Dix received five at least of these birds at the time of their remarkable appearance, but retained only one pair, a male and a female, from Aldborough, killed June 1863 (Miss Dix w Uiit.). 3. More than twenty seen at Tangham near Butley in 1863, they remained there for six weeks or more; a pair in Lord Rendlesham’s Collection (Lord Rendlesham y.v. ; ©. B. !); a flock of about eight or ten seen about the end of Aug. or beginning of Sept. near Woodbridge on some open heath land near the river towards Orford, they were said to have been seen there all the summer ; these birds it was believed, were on Lord Rendlesham’s property (Dix in Stev. B. of N. i., 390); this flock was probably part of the flock mentioned by Lord Rendlesham as seen at Tangham (C. B.); a single bird was seen at Alderton Sept. 18, 1863 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8850). West Suffolk. 7. Three birds killed at Santon-Downham in June or July 1863, they were thrown away, but from the description given by the keeper, there is no doubt that they were of this species (Dix in Stev. B. of NV. u. s.). Several were said to be killed on Wangford warren about June 6, 1863, and sent to London, where they probably found their way to the poulterers. A male taken alive at Elveden June 6, 1863; it was caught by a boy among long grass and brought to Prof. Newton ; he found that it had been slightly wounded ; the man who had shot it told him that it “shruck” like-a Golden Plover ; Prof. Newton kept it alive feeding it on canary-seed, and subsequently sent it to the Zoological Gardens, where, in company with several others from China, it lived for nearly a year (Newton w. s., 203, 204 and MS.). Distriets.--1, 2, 3, 7. Months.—N\ay, June, July, September, November. The irruption of this bird into Europe is the most remarkable fact that has ever occurred in the history of ornithology. Mr. Stevenson (B. of N. i., 376—404) gives a very ample and most interesting account of the occurrences of this bird, in Norfolk in 1863, written a little later (1866), than his papers in the Zoologist 1863-4. He estimates the number actually obtained in Norfolk and Suffolk in May 238 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. and November and the intervening months at 75, the numbers of each sex being very nearly equal. To Suffolk he assigns 8 male and 7 female birds. ‘‘ Judging from the records’? says Prof. Newton in his elaborate memoir in the Zbis u.s.), ‘the number of birds, 69 or 70, |now slightly increased | obtained in those two counties far exceeds the number obtained in any other district of Europe of like size.” Mr. Stevenson’s text is accompanied by a beautiful coloured plate representing both the male and female birds. “The true home of this bird is in the large sandy steppes of Asia, where it is met with, as far east as China . . . In the interior of Mongolia it is said to be so common that the Cossack guard that convoys the missionaries to Pekin live chiefly on these birds during the journey” (Dresser B. of Eur. vii., 76—81). This bird was unknown in Europe before 1853, when several examples were taken on the Lower Volga ; but an invading host, which has been estimated by Prof. Newton at 700 birds, visited various countries of Europe in 1863 (Ibis for 1864, pp. 186, 216). By the kindness of Prof. Newton and Mr. Hele I am able to give an autotype of a male and also of a female bird in the present work. The male in possession of the former, was that caught at Klveden ; the female now in the Ipswich Museum, was shot at Thorpe, and was formerly in Mr. Hele’s possession. Barnary Parrriper, Perdix petrosa (Gmelin). 2. One shot at Sudbourn, on Lord Hertford’s estate, about 1840; it was supposed that a few eggs of this species had beer introduced with those of the Red-legged Partridge, about 1770 (Yarrell First Suppl. to Br. B. 40, (1840) with figure) . 3. One killed at Freston (Harting Handbook, 129, from J. H. Gurney, jun). 4, One killed near Ipswich (id.). 7, A male killed at Elveden about 1882, preserved by Newby (in my Collection ; CMB): All these specimens must be regarded as introduced birds ; see Mr, J. H. Gurney, jun., in Harting us. VirGInian Coutin, Ortyx virginianus 7. A male bird from Elveden, killed about 1882, preserved by Newby (in my Collection; C. B.). Another trapped about nine miles from Bury St. Edmund’s, August 1, 1871, probably from the same neighbourhood (Bilson én /zé#.). The Maharajah Duleep Singh has turned out a good many of these North American birds, which accounts for specimens having been obtained near Elveden; and perhaps also for one from Suffolk, in possession of Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. (é litt.). For their first introduction into this country see Stev. B. of N. i., 436, and Harting Handbook, 130. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 239 CreamM-CoLovureD Courser, Cursorius gallicus, Gmelin. 2. A specimen of this exceedingly rare bird was shot by a shepherd at Friston, Oct. 3, 1828 (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H. iv. (1831), 163)5 Dr. Bree believed this to be the one preserved in the late Mr. Hoy’s Collection at Boyles Court, Brentwood, as the case which contains it was labelled “ Shot in 1828” (Stevenson’s B. of NV. ii., 48 (note) from Feld for 1867, xxx., 465); the label has now disappeared, but the entry in the MS. catalogue runs thus: “ Courser, shot 1828; extremely rare” (C. B. !). Inhabits North Africa, Arabia, and the Punjab; about twenty examples are known to have occured in Britain; the first, shot at Wingfield, Kent, in 1785, was purchased at the sale of the Leverian Viuseumn, for eighty-three guineas, by Donovan; it is now in the British Museum (see Saunders’ Yarreld ii1.,239-244). A mere straggler in France. CoLLARED PratIncoLE, Glareola pratincola (L.). 1. One shot near Yarmouth; in Mr. Gurney’s Collection (Stevenson’s B. of N. ii., 65). A pair shot on Breydon Wall, May 1827 (Hunt in Stacey’s H. of V. lxix.; Paget, Y., 10); possibly the one recorded from near Yarmouth was one of these (Stevenson B. of J. ii., 65); Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., thinks Mr. Boulton, of Beverley, had the latter pair; and rather doubts the authenticity of the first-named specimen (in Jit). Buack-wineceED Stitt, Himantopus candidus, Bonnaterre. 1. One shot at Yarmouth, purchased at Mr. Miller’s sale (Newcome Collection; see Stevenson’s B. of NV. ii., 246); occurred at Yarmouth, May 1842 (W. R. Fisher in Z. 182). One said to have been shot on Breydon in May 1823 (Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., bought it of Mr. E. 8. Preston, but never felt quite satisfied as to its authenticity); another seen there in autumn 1839, it was not taken (Stevenson’s B. of J. ii., 247). One, supposed to be a male, shot feeding ona shallow piece of water on Outney Common, near Bungay, known as the Old River, July 1875 (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd 8. 4634). 3. One shot near Orford, in the Dennis Collection, now in the Museum at Bury St. Edmund’s. The sex of the bird and the date of its capture are not recorded (C. B. !). BUFE-BREASTED SANDPIPER, Zringites rufescens ( V ieillot):- 1. One killed at Yarmouth in the autumn of 1839 or 1840, which came into the possession of the late Mr. Heysham of Carlisle; another Sept. 22,1841; another on the mud flats of Breydon Sept. 20, 1843 ; the two last are in Mr. J. H. Gumey’s Collection (Stevenson's L. of NV. ii., 359; W. R. Fisher in Z. 182 and 363; C. B. !). 2H 240 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, A native of North and South America, a mere straggler to Kurope; most of the recorded occurrences have taken place in Great Britain (Dresser B. of Hur. viii., 112-13). *SpoTTED SANDPIPER, T'ringoides macularius (IL.). 7. One taken near Mildenhall Jan. 1869 (Bilson Journ. Suff. Inst. 46); formerly in possession of the late Mr. Sparke of Well Street, Bury St. Edmund’s. Mr. Tuck saw it soon after it was stuffed, when the flesb- coloured legs and spotted breast were unmistakeable (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8. 2684, and v.v.). I have been unable to trace the bird (C. B.). Essentially a New-world species. The few stragglers into Europe seem hitherto to have been found in Great Britain alone (Dresser, B. of Hur. viii., 11-12). PrcroraL SANDPIPER, Zringa maculata, Vieillot. 1. A female in the plumage of the first autumn obtained Sept. 30, 1853, near Yarmouth ; it was examined by Mr. J. H. Gurney in the flesh (Stevenson’s B. of V. ii, 368, and J. H. Gurney in 7.4124). A female obtained on Breydon Broad Oct. 1830, examined by M. Audubon (Hoy in Loudon’s Mag. NV. H.,1., N.S. (1837), 116 ; Yarrell’s Br. B. iii, 368, Ed. iv.) ; this was the first British killed specimen (Steven- son’s B. of NV. ii, 367). Dr. Bree, in his Catalogue of the Hoy Collec- tion, said that this bird had been lost ; but it is in Mrs. Lescher’s possession, who has kindly permitted an autotype from it to be made for this work (C. B. !).* 2. One shot on Thorpe Mere, Oct. 5, 1870 (Field, Oct. 15, 1870, quoted in Harting’s Handbook, 141); another shot there in Sept. 1872, by Mr. J. Tuck; now in his Collection (J. G. Tuck in Z. 2nd 8.3307); and a third in Nov. 1883 (Hele z Ué#.). A male specimen obtained in the further mere, Aldeburgh, Oct. 1870 (Ipswich Museum ; C. 1B: 2): A native of North America. Broab-Bituep Sanpprreer, T'ringa platyrhyncha, Temminek. 1. One obtained on the muddy flats of Breydon Broad, May 25, 1836 (Hoy in Loudon’s Mag. V. H.i, N.S. (1837) 116); this specimen was the first taken in Great Britain (Stevenson’s B. of WV. Introd. xviii. note, and ii, 3860). A male bird taken at Breydon in May 1856 (Southwell in Wat. 1856, 259); it is now in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (C. B.!); a male assuming summer plumage from Breydon April 1858, now in Mr. Stevenson’s Collection, figured by Gould (Stevenson’s B. of J. ii., 860-1, and in Z. 6096 ; J. H. Gurney in Z. 5159 ; O.B. 3). * Mrs. Lescher allowed me to send this bird to Mr. J. H. Gumey, jun., who identified it as the Pectoral Sandpiper. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 241 RED-BREASTED SnrPz, Macrorhamphus griseus (Gmelin). 1, One killed near Yarmouth early in Oct. 1841; it was a male which had nearly completed its change from summer to winter plumage; now in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (Hoy in Ann. NV. H. vi. (1841), 236; Stev. B. of WV. ii, 349; C. B. !). Essentially an American bird; most of its occurrences in Europe have taken place in Great Britain (Dresser B. of Eur. viii., 188). Esquimavux Curtew, Numenius borealis (Forster). 2. One killed on the River Alde by Capt. Ferrand, some years before 1870, not preserved (Hele, Ald., 177). 3. Two obtained near Wovdbridge, in Nov. 1852; one of them was in possession of Mr. Hillen, and was sold by him to Mr. V. H. Crewe of Theberton House (W. H. M. Carthew 7 “it#.). Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., compared this specimen with an American skin and felt quite satisfied as to its authenticity; it had clearly been set up from the flesh (J. H. - Gurney 7 litt). Found in North and South America, breeding only in the Arctic regions (Dresser, B. of Hur. vii., 222). Buack Stork, Ciconia nigra (L.). East Suffolk. 1. A female obtained at Breydon June 27, 1877, photographed by Gunn (J. H. Gurney a Witt. and in Mason’s Norfolk, pt. iv.). 2. One shot in Oct. 1832 at Otley, it was not preserved (J. D. Hoy in Loudon’s Mag. N. H. vii. (1834) 53, from E. Acton who saw the bird; Gould’s Br. B. iv.); one killed at Grundisburgh in 1832, in possession of Mr. Ditton, surgeon, of that place (Mr. Joseph Clarke MS. quoted in Stevenson’s B. of NV. ii., 183); Mr. Stevenson thinks these two are really the same bird. 3. One shot by H. Upton Sept. 28, 1882, on the river Deben near Woodbridge, preserved by Asten, in possession of Major Ernest Cobbold of Ufford (T. Carthew zn litt.; Field Oct. 7, 1882). West Suffolk. 6. One shot by Mr. Frost-Mortimer (who has it), in a meadow in Stoke-by-Nayland on the Suffolk side of the Stour in May 1881 ; it measured seven feet across the wings, and its crop was full of gudgeons; Col. Rowley had observed the bird going down the valley of the Stour in its flight towards the sea, flying with the neck straight out (Frost- Mortimér in litt.; Col. Rowley i litt.; C. B. !). *Great Waite Heron, Ardea alba, L. 8. One seen crossing from the Suffolk to the Essex side of the Stour 242 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, Oct. 3, 1824 ; one was subsequently seen on the Orwell (S. and W. Cat. 40 ; Lubbock’s Fauna of Norfolk, 84, Hd. 1879). Mr. Gurney suspects these birds to have been Spoonbills; at any rate a confirmation seems required. Lirrtte Eeret, Ardea garzetta, L. 2. One believed to have been shot at Aldeburgh, was in Col. Stewart’s Collection. It was purchased by Capt. James (H. James MS., who believes that it is now impossible to obtain more exact information). 3. A fine male shot at Yoxford and received in the flesh by Major E. Cobbold about 1879 (Major Cobbold zm “itt., who has it). Sauacco Hrron, Ardea comata, Pallas. E. Blyth in Nat. ui., (1838), 417-18. A magnificent fresh killed specimen, said to have been sent from Suffolk, purchased by Mr. Bartlett, in the winter of 1837-8. 1. A specimen killed near Yarmouth in 1831 (Stev. B. of NW. ii., 152). One killed at Oulton Broad in May 1831 (Paget Y., 7) now in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (J. H. Gurney, jun. 7 Uiéé.) ; another in June 1833, and another in Sept. 1833 (Lombe’s MS. notes in Bewick and in Mont. Dict.). One believed to have been taken a long time ago in a fisherman’s net spread on the beach at Lowestoft or Pakefield (Stev. B. of N.ii., 152 note.). One killed many years ago at Flixton near Bungay, in possession of Mr. R. Upcher (ad., wu. s., 153, 154). 2. A female shot in Thorpe Mere, June 1882 (Hele 7 Witt.). 3. Killed at Glevering Hall, Hacheston, on Lady Huntingfield’s Estate (Lord Huntingfield in hid, C. B. !). PottsH Swan, Cygnus immutabilis, Yarrell. East Suffolk. 1. Two shot at Yarmouth by Mr. E. T. Booth, Nov. 1881 (G. Smith in litt.). 2: oe occurred at Aldeburgh in the winter of 1879-80 (Hele, MS.). On this disputed species Mr. H. Stevenson has written a valuable monograph printed for private circulation; see also Southwell in Worf. and Norw. Nat. Soc. Trans. vol. ii., p. 258-260; Dresser, &. of Hur. vi., 429-432; J. H. Gurney, jun. in Mason’s Norfolk, pt. iv. The following bird is quite sufficiently horoured by being inserted in a note :— Brack Swan, Cygnus atratus, Stephens. 1. One killed on Breydon in 1863 (note communicated by Mr. Stevenson). Mr. Gunn mentions that a beautiful female specimen of this bird was shot swimming in the sea off Corton Cliff near Lowestoft Aug. 31, 1869 (in Z. 2nd 8S. p. 1867). 2. One seen at Thorpe June 1, 1863; remaining a few days; it was killed at Sizewell July 2, 1863, and is in possession of Mr. Neave of Leiston ; it appeared to be a mature bird and weighed about four- teen pounds (Hele, Ald., 147). These are, doubtless escaped birds; for a figure of the Black Swan see Gould’s B. of Australia, vii., 6. Many have been bred in this county, more especially by Mr. 8. Gurney (Prof. Newton, zn litt.). Some are naturalised on the Danube; it is possible, though hardly probable, tkat the above-named birds may come from thence : see Heron above, p. 158, note. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 943 Trumpeter Swan, Cygnus bueccinator, Richardson. 2. Five swans were seen and four shot near Slaughden Oct. 1866 (Hele, Ald., 147; Sewell, Cat. Ald. Mus., 18 (Ald. 1877); Harting, Handbook, 155); one of these, immature, is now in the Ipswich (formerly in the Aldeburgh) Museum; Mr. Hele called it species incerta,.but it was pronounced by Mr. J. H. Gurney, sen., who examined it at Aldeburgh, as well as by Prof. Newton and others who have seen it at Ipswich, and knew the bird, to be of the above species. The others shot were eaten, and the skins were plucked for their down before their peculiarities were observed (Hele, a Utt.). For an account of this North American species see Dresser B&. of Hur. vi., 489; and Coues, Key to N. Amer. B. 682 (Lond. 1884). Since the above was printed, Mr. Howard Saunders’ account of the British Swans has appeared in Yarrell; he says that the sternum of one of the birds in this flock proved on examination to have no cavity for the windpipe, therein resembling the Mute Swan, whereas the genuine C. buccinator has a cavity like that in the Whooper (iv., 322). It is quite possible however that the two species may have been in company; compare Ruddy Sheldrake just below ; many other similar comparisons might be made.* * Tnowlearn from Mr. HowardSaunders the authority on which his statement was made. Mr. J. H. Gurney, sen., had sent him the following memorandum entered in his copy of Hele’s Aldeburgh :—‘ The head and feet of another of those swans were sent to the Field, and the late Mr. Newman decided that they belonged to a Trumpeter Swan. In August, 1871, [how- _ ever] he wrote to J. H. G[urney], jun. :— The head and feet of the supposed (?.e. the second) ‘Trumpeter S wan, were thoroughly examined by our friend Gatcombe and Mr. Power, and were then thrown away; Mr. Power has the sternum; it had no cavity for the windpipe.’’—This, however, Professor Newton remarks, ‘‘is only what might be expected considering the im- maturity of the birds.’’” Mr. Hele and Dr. W. H. Power have kindly furnished me with all the information they could upon the subject. The former says ‘‘I forget how the sternum came into Dr. Power’s possession. I think the case stood as follows. _ When the bird was fairly mounted I first took notice of its peculiari- ties, for, before, I looked upon it as a Mute bird. I forwarded the head and feet of another of these birds, one of the same lot shot at the same time, to the Field office, and the following Saturday appeared in the Field the opinion ex- pressed that they were only Mute swans. The next Saturday, however, there was, a further note that the head and feet had been further examined and the opinion was that they were those of a Trumpeter Swan. ‘There was also a request that I should forward the sternum and trachea, This I believe I did—the only one ayail- able—and that with considerable trouble, being the cooked remains of one of the specimens. The opinion expressed was doubtful, and when I wrote my book some time after (in 1870) from notes made at the time of the birds being shot, I placed them as species incerta. Professor Newton came to Aldeburgh and saw the stuffed bird, and, after comparing it with a specimen at Cambridge, was of opinion that it was decidedly a Trumpeter Swan.’’ Dr. Power writes :“‘I am not able to lay my hands on the notes I made at the time, but I perfectly well remember the facts as to 244 .CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, *Ruppy SnetpraKke, Tadorna rutila (Pallas). 2. One reported as seen in 1864 in company with several common Sheldrakes near Blackstakes. Mr. Hele has no doubt from the description given, and the knowledge of his informant, that it was an individual of this species (Hele, A/d., 150 and Dresser B. of Hur. vi., 462). Never- theless, as it seems to require some confirmation, I have prefixed an asterisk. the sternum submitted to me. : é The sternum, when I received it, was not perfect, it had been roughly detached from the body of the Swan, and the trachea and bronchi were wanting. : 5 : It was unfortunately destroyed several years ago.” This remark seems to suggest that Dr. Power’s sternum was not that of the bird which was preserved for Mr. Hele. (The latter tells me that the remains of that bird had been removed among manure). Dr. P. observes from memory that ‘‘ the carina, throughout its extent, was single, and that there was not found, either within the carina or in the body of the sternum any cavity for the reception of the trachea.” After more than one careful examination he could not learn that any Swan, except the Polish (in addition to the Mute Swan) “however young, had failed to present in the sternum indication at least of a cavity for accom- modation of the trachea. The balance, therefore,of evidence’’ he says ‘‘was in my judgment altogether against the sternum submitted to me having belonged to a Trumpeter Swan.’ Professor Newton, with whom I have had some conversation on the subject, writes, Dec. 30., 1885:— “So far as my recollection serves, there was always some doubt whether the sternum of the particular Swan, now in the Ipswich Museum, had been kept. : 5 : All I can answer for, is, as I have already told you, that to the best of my belief the specimen now at Ipswich is Cygnus buccinator.’’ There isin Mr. Hele’s Alde- burgh, (pp. 147—150), a very full account of the colours of the plumage, dimensions, and probable age of this specimen, which was then in his own possession. It was the smallest of the four killed, and weighed eighteen pounds, two ot the others weighing twenty-two pounds, and the remaining one weighing nineteen pounds. This diversity in the weights seems to suggest some probability, to say the least, that they were not all of one species. It is very observable that “‘an extraordinary trumpet-like sound first attracted his attention.’”’ Upon the whole I think that there is very little probability that Professor Newton’s judgment will be reversed: at the same time it might be desirable to compare young birds of both sexes and different ages, both of the Mute and Trumpeter Swan, with that at Ipswich. If that be indeed a Trumpeter, it seems to be the only specimen killed in Europe known to exist; the bird,at least,is not included in Dresser’s Birds of Europe. For myself, I first saw the bird in the Aldeburgh Museum, in company with Mr. Hele (to whom I am indebted for the photographs used in this work, Plates V. and VI.), and I also ex- amined it twice, in 1885, at Ipswich, when I had already seen a Trumpeter Swan in the British Museum; I have since seen another Trumpeter in the Cambridge Museum; both these, however, were adult birds. I came to the conclusion that Mr, Hele’s bird could not be the Mute Swan, though I didnot feel perfect confidence inmy own judgment; and if it be not the Mute Swan, it must, I think, of necessity be the Trumpeter. + One said to have been obtained near Iken in Jan. 1834 (Gould’s Birds of G. B. yv., and Loudon’s Mag. N. H. (1834) vii., 151), but Mr. Stevenson and Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., believe it to have been a Ferruginous Duck (J. H. Gurney, jun., in litt.). Rep-Crestep Duck, Fuligula rufina (Pallas). 1. A male in full dress believed to have been killed at Yarmouth some years ago; formerly in Mr. 8. Miller’s Collection now in that of 7 Pa “tnd Fike st Guat) fi li} » is. | ! 44 Ts i ie (vee PY POSTSCRIPT. Mr. Hele informs me that a very beautiful specimen of a female Ruddy Sheldrake was shot at Aldeburgh on July 8, 1886, and has come into his possession. The species may now be considered as an undoubted Suffolk bird (see p. 244). This brings up the total number of ascertained Suffolk birds to 293. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 245 Mr. J. H. Gurney (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Dresser B. of Hur. vi., 560 and im litt.). A female killed on Breydon July 1818, in possession of Mr. Youell (Hunt Brit. Orn. ii., 333, where this specimen is figured); it was the first noticed in England (H. Stevenson in Dresser B. of Zur. u. s.); two more were shot there in 1826 (Hunt in Stacey Hist. of Worf. i., xiii). 2. Three seen on Easton Broad, and one, a fine adult male, shot by Mr. T. M. Spalding, in spring some years before 1864; sold at his sale (Lot 317) for six guineas to Mr. Greenwood, of Saxmundham (H. Stevenson i litt.; F. Spalding a Uitt.). *HarteQuin Duck, Mistrionicus torquatus, Bonap. 1. One bought in the market at Yarmouth by Mr. Wigg (Paget Y., 12). An adult male, said to have been killed near Yarmouth, is in the Norwich Museum, and is entered in the Donation Book of the Museum in 1839 (Gurney and Fisher in Z. 1380; J. H. Gurney, jun., in Mason’s Norfolk, pt. iv., who considers the locality very doubtful). Mr. Steven- son omits it altogether from his List in White’s Worf. BUFFEL-HEADED Duck, Clangula albeola (\.). 1. One killed in 1830 on Breydon, formerly in possession of Mr. 8. Miller ; it is mentioned in Paget’s Yarmouth, (note 11), as a small specimen of the Golden Eye; it was bought by Mr. Rising of Horsey for £5 10s. (J. H. Gurney, jun., MS.; see also Yarrell Br. B. i1i., 273, Ed. 1.). This bird was the first obtained in Great Britain (Stevenson, B. of JV. i., Introd. p. xviii. note). 4, Another obtained two or three years ago on the Melton Marshes, near Woodbridge, now in possession of Dr. ‘laylor (J. E. Taylor i liz.). Inhabits the Nearctic Regions. The following species has hardly any - claim to be called a native of Suffolk :— The following beautiful bird perhaps deserves to be included in a note :— * Kine Duck, Somateria spectabilis (L.). 1. A female shot on Breydon July 25, 1813 (Paget, ¥.,11). Mr. Gurney, jun., thinks this doubtful (iz litt.). ‘Two are recorded as shot at Lowestoft, one before 1846, the other in 1854, both considered doubtful; the latter suspected by Mr, Harting to be an Hider Duck (Gould’s Birds of G. B.v.; Dresser, B. of Eur. vi., 645; J. H. Gurney and W. R. Fisher in Z. 1378, and Harper in Nat. i854, 165; this last quoted in Harting’s Handbook 164). 2. A female bird shot at Aldeburgh in 1827 said to have been in Mr. Acton’s Collection (Acton in Loudon’s Mag. N. H. iv. (1831), 163). Summer Duck, Ata Sponsa (L). 3. One from Iken decoy, in Mr. W. P. T. Phillips’s Collection (F. Spalding MS8.). One shot on the Sudbourn Hall estate; (C. B.!). 7. A male recently shot at Elveden, preserved by Mr. D. Newby (in my Collection; C. B.) 8. Two males and one female shot at Livermere Oct. 24, 1848, others were afterwards seen there (A. Newton in Z. 2382), A North-American species; almost certainly a semi-domesticated bird, when- ever it has been taken in England; see Br. Orn. Un. List. Br. B. 123. 246 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Hoopep Mrra@anser, Mergus cucullatus, L. 1. A specimen killed in the winter of 1829, in Mr. Selby’s possession (Paget, Y., 12); Mr. Stevenson remarks that this specimen, killed on Breydon, was the first obtained in Great Britain (6. of N. 1., Introd. xviii.,note). Professor Newton, however, shews that the skin was probably American (Zr. Norf. and Norw. Nat. Soc. ii., 408 note). 2. An adult male shot at Orford, on the Sudbourn Hall Estate, given with many other of his birds by Sir R. Wallace to the Ipswich Museum, the selection being made by Dr. Taylor (C. B.!). Inhabits North America, an extremely rare straggler to Britain. *Brunnicw’s Guittemor, Uria arra (Pallas). 3. One purchased at the Sale of the Sudbury Museum ; it formed part of a case of twelve “British Aquatic Birds” Lot 230; but although there is considerable reason for presuming that it was obtained near the mouth of the Orwell or Stour, whence so many of the aquatic birds in that museum came, there is no direct evidence on the point (in my Collection C. B. ; see Howard Saunders in Yarrell, Br. B. iv., 78 Ed. 4; where it is called Uria Briinnichi, Sabine). An asterisk is placed before this Arctic bird, though it scarcely requires confirmation, so far at least as concerns its English provenance} ; it is possible however that it may have been taken on the borders of Essex, and not of Suffolk. WHITE-BILLED Diver, Colymbus Adamsi (G. R. Gray). 1. A specimen in winter plumage obtained at Pakefield, near Lowes- toft, in the spring of 1852; in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection (mentioned incidentally above under Great Northern Diver, as a variety). 3. One, immature, from the Sudbury Museum; in my Collection (for the probable locality see the preceding bird). For the distinction of this bird from the Great Northern Diver see H. Seebohm in Z. 3rd S. ix. (1885), 144-5 and H. Saunders in Yarrell Br. B. iv., 100 and pref. p.x. My specimen has the bill almost white at the junction of the mandibles ; the rest is horn-coloured, the lower mandible is every- where pale, and has a decided slope or curve upwards. The form of the bills of the birds in the British and Cambridge Museums agrees with that of my own, an autotype of which is here given. A native of the Arctic Regions; only one other specimen + Mr. Jonathan Grubb, the brother-in- think that there is any probability that law ot Mr. King, who may be called the this or the following species are there founder of the Sudbury Museum, does not represented by a foreign specimen. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 247 is at present known to have occurred in Britain (see Seebohm wu. s.). See Pl. VII. Caspian Tern, Sterna caspia, Pallas. 1. One shot at Yarmouth, in the Norwich Museum ; another shot there Oct. 1825 (Paget Y., 12); the latter was an immature specimen, and was in possession of Mr. G. Thurtell of Eaton near N orwich (Lombe’s MS. notes in Bewick, see also his note in Mont. Dvel., where he gives 1826 as the date; the same bird ?); one shot near Yarmouth about 1839 (in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection). A male shot on Breydon June 1850( Bury Museum, Dennis MS. notein the Museum, C. B. !); an adult specimen (sex unknown) shot there July 16, 1850; one or two others said to have been seen about the same time (J. H. Gurney in Z. 2915); a fine adult male, in full summer plumage shot at Yarmouth in Aug. 1851 (in Mr. J. H. Gurney’s Collection, id. in Z. 3235), another adult male killed on Breydon May 2, 1862 (H. Stevenson in Z. 8093, J. H. Gurney, jun., lit.). 2. Has been obtained at Aldeburgh, a specimen killed there is in the Cambridge Museum (Jenyns, Vert. An., 265; Harting, Handbook, 167). Watte-Winerep Brack Tern, Sterna leucoptera, Meisner and Schinz. 1. Mr. Booth killed four birds at one shot, out of a flock of five, on Breydon May 26, 1871; two were males and two females in full summer plumage ; they were preserved by Gunn (H. Stevenson in Z. 2nd. 8. 2830, Booth, Cat. B. 161-2). GuLL-BinteD Txrrn, Sterna anglica, Montagu. 1. A male taken on Breydon, April 14, 1849 (Bury St. Edmund’s Museum, Dennis MS. notes in Yarrel/, C.B. !); a fine adult male shot on Breydon July 31, 1849 (J. H. Gurney in Z. 2569 and J. Smith in Z. 2653); two adults, male and female, at Yarmouth, Sept. 1, 1849 (J. H. Gurney in Z. 2592); a fine male in full breeding plumage killed at the same place May 24, 1850 (7d. in Z. 2853); and another in July 1851 (id. in Z. 8235); two killed at Yarmouth May 8, 1878, one, a female, preserved (T. EH. Gunn in Z. 3rd §. vol. iv., p. 53). Sapine’s Guut, Larus Sabini (Leach). 1. Two immature specimens, male and female, shot on Breydon, Oct. 17 and 22, 1881; one in possession of Mr. Connop of Caister, near Yarmouth, the other in that of Mr. Stevenson (H. Stevenson in Z. OB vi, p. 111, and vii, p. 319, and J. H. Gurney, jun., 2m lit, aD). An inhabitant of the Arctic regions of Asia and America; a rare straggler to the Northern portions of Europe (Dresser B. of Hur. viii., 338). 27 248 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, Witson’s Petret, Procellaria Wilsoni, Bonaparte. 2. One obtained some years ago, near Aldeburgh, in possession of Col. Thelusson (Hele, A/d., 176); Mr. Hele has carefully examined this very old specimen, and finds the legs quite as long as those of the figure (350) in Morris’ Br. B. (an litt. 1885).* Whenever any of the accidental visitors to Britain mentioned above have their home in any other part of Europe, there is no notice at all here given of their geographical distribution ; if otherwise, a slight notice is given of their principal native countries. The following birds are omitted in their proper places in the foregoing Catalogue :— *Wuitrt Wactait, Motacilla alba, L. 6. Two specimens, one in winter the other in summer plumage, were in Mr. W. ). King’s Collection, and then came into that of his nephew Mr. Grubb(C.B!). They were in all probability obtained in the neighbourhood of Sudbury, as no importance appears to have been attached to them. It is very remarkable that this species which is the common one on the Continent should be so rare in most parts of Great Britain, only one adult pair having recently been seen in Norfolk (see H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. ix. (1885) 528), not having been recorded from that county at the time when (1884) Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., published his Catalogue of the Birds of Norfolk in Mason’s History of the County. *The following bird has a very good claim to be considered a passenger through Suffolk :— Dusky SuraRwaTER, Puffinus obscurus. 1. One found dead on the Earsham Estate, close to the S.E. boundary of Norfolk, within a mile of Bungay in Suffolk (H. Stevenson, Norf. Nat. Soe. iii., 467). Mr. Stevenson remarks that “its inland flight, therefore, from the coast would probably have been between Lowes- toft and Southwold.” +Wuipan Birp, Vidua paradisea, (L.). Shot by Mr. G. Steward of Little Waldingfield at that place, August 1864, C. B.! A West African genus; this fine specimen is doubtless an escaped bird. N.B.—The general remarks, which occur at irregular intervals at the head of the birds throughout this catalogue, beyond being sometimes epitomized by me, are not mine unless they are accompanied by my initials (C. B.); the name of the writer by whom they are made is always prefixed to them. It would have made the meaning more distinct, if the words following each writer’s name had been included in a parenthesis or inverted commas. Under the particular districts the name of the writer is placed after the facts quoted from him. ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. 249 ACCIDENTAL VISITORS. Wuirte’s Turusn, Zurdus varius, Pallas. 7. A bird mangled by a cat in 1881 at Moulton, supposed by Mr. Howlett to belong to this species and confirmed at the Fveld office, to which it was sent ; it could not be preserved (Howlett v.v.) Inhabits Asia; and is only a straggler in Europe.t SeRIN Fincu, Serinus hortulanus, Koch. 1, One shot at Yarmouth, June 13, 1885 (J. H. Gurney, jun., a Uitt.). Not met with in England before 1852 ; the species has, of late years, been steadily advancing northward on the Continent from South Europe and North Africa, its native home (Newton’s Yarrell, i., 113). About a dozen specimens have occurred in Britain. ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. Since this Catalogue began to be printed in Sept. 1882, I have obtained many records at various times of birds seen or obtained in various parts of Suffolk. Except for some special reason none are here given, except those which relate to Districts not recorded above under the particular species mentioned in the Catalogue. ‘Lhe additional Districts are marked with an asterisk. Osprey.—*4. One lately seen hovering along the Orwell between Ipswich and Harwich (flowlett in Bury Free Press, Jan. 23, 1886). Meriin.—*4. One or more seen almost every winter at Needham Market (H. Lingwood i Witt. ). 7. Very frequently shot or trapped by the keepers at Elveden ; one preserved at the Hall (Prince Victor Duleep Singh mm Uiiz., C. B. !). GosHAWK.—*7. One killed at Elveden Nov. or Dec. 1854 (D. Newby an litt. ). Kite.—7. Three recently obtained near Elveden and preserved at the Hall. One was taken in 1878, another in 1881, and a third probably about 1861 (Prince Victor Duleep Singh i Wit, C. B. !). ROUGH-LEGGED Buzzarp.—7. A magnificent adult bird shot at Brandon Jan. 1885 ; very rare in this state (J. H. Gurney, jun., who saw it). Another in the same adult state, also from Brandon 1874 or 1875 (B. W. Cooper vy. v., who has it, C. B. !) Honry Buzzarp.—*7. One on the Suffolk side of Thetford (D. Newby wm Uit.). 250 . CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK Marsh Harrier.—*7. One shot many years ago by Sir H. Bunbury on the verge of the Mildenhall Fen (Sir C. Bunbury 7m Witt). Two shot at West Row, Mildenhall, March 20, 1881 (Howlett in Uitt.). Montaau’s HARRIER.—7. Eggs found on Cavenham Heath in a furze bush in 1879 ; the old male was shot, and is in Mr, Barclay’s possession (Howlett v.v.). A male shot at Higham Jan. 16, 1882 (2a. am litt.). One at Elveden Nov. 1885 (D. Newby v.v. C. B.!). 8. A very fine adult bird shot at Euston, Dec. 1876; and two very young birds, Aug. 1877 (B. W. Cooper, who has them, and has seen others, C. B. !) GREAT GREY SHRIKE.—2. One of the form called Pallas’ Grey Shrike obtained at Aldeburgh, now in the Ipswich Museum (C. B. !). 3. Another of the same form shot at the mouth of the Orwell, spring 1883 (Podd v.v. C. B. !). Dipper.—l. A well-marked specimen of the black-breasted form (C. melanogaster) was shot some years ago at Lowestoft, and is in Sir John Crewe’s Collection. He told Mr. Gurney that he had once seen a Dipper with chesnut breast (C. aguaticus) shot at Tattingstone (J. H. Gurney, jun., im litt, who saw the Lowestoft specimen). Another specimen of the chesnut-breasted form was shot at Breydon Wall in 1849 (J. H. Gurney, jun., in Mason’s Norfolk iv., 9) and one was seen at Ixworth Thorpe in the summer of 1884 by Mr. W. J. Manfield, who distinctly observed that it had a reddish tinge about the breast (i Uitt.). T had perhaps somewhat exaggerated the rarity of this species in Suffolk in calling it extremely rare. FIELDFARE.—1. One, killed at Carlton Colville, had a mottled back and nearly white head (H. Tilney i Jiz.). Repwine.—2. A buff-coloured variety has been occasionally noticed by Mr. Rope near Blaxhall (Rope MS8.). THRUSH.—A dun and cream-coloured variety shot at Euston (B. W. Cooper who has it, C. B. !). Rina OuzeL.—8. A pair nested at Ixworth Thorpe in spring 1884, close to Mr. Manfield’s garden (W. J. Manfield zm Uit?.). Specimens of this bird have lately been met with in many parts of Suffolk. ReEDBREAST.—4. A variety with white or partially white feathers on various parts of the body shot at Ipswich Dec. 7, 1868, by Mr. Last (Last in Z. 2nd $. iv., 1513.). Biack Repstart.—2. An immature bird (S&. Cazi7) shot at Aldeburgh, by Mr. H. Greenwood, March 23, 1871 (C. R. Bree in Field, April 15, 1871). See Newton’s Yarrelli., 838; EH. Newman in Z. 2nd 8. vi. (1871), 2728. ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. 951 GRASSHOPPER WARBLER.—*7. Eggs found in 1868 or 1864 at Great Thurlow (Graham Greene zn litt. who has them). DARTFORD WaRBLER.—2. One seen at Westleton Heath Nov. 4 1880 (Rope MS.); another seen at Walberswick Aug. 28, 1884, amongst some furze bushes (Rope 7 Jitt.). A pair seen on the heath at Blaxhall Oct. 1882, anda single bird in the same place Oct. 25, 1883 (Rope MS.). Two shot and several seen recently on Southwold Common (H. V. Remnant 7 Uitt.); two or three shot there by Mr. J. G. Millais Jan. 13, 1875 (J. H. Gurney, jun., 2 Uit.). CRESTED TrrmousE.—*8. One taken about 1840 by Mr. Cambridge of Bury St. Edmund’s ; it was preserved by himself (W. Bilson a Witt.) BEARDED TrTmousE.—1. Thisbird isstill (1886) foundinsome numbers at Oulton Broad (H. Bunn 7m “tt. ; Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. was there in June, 1885, and found that his boatman had seen some shot); Mr. Howlett received nine in one week in Jan., 1886, partly from the Fens of Cambridgeshire partly from those near Lowestoft (probably Oulton Broad), (Howlett i Uit.). 3. A male bird taken at the head of King’s Fleet Dec. 24, 1885 (G. P. Hope in Jitt, who has it); a female still there in Feb. 1886 (ad., who thinks the bird less rare than is commonly supposed, as it drops down so quickly among the reeds as to be lost sight of). *7. One taken at West Row, Mildenhall June, 1883 (C. B. !);"others have been taken in the same neighbourhood in 1879, 1881, 1882; one was taken at Exning Feb. 12, 1882 (Howlett am Witt.). Waxwine.—7. Two shot at Newmarket April 12, 1881 (Howlett in litt.); the latest spring month hitherto observed. Grey Waerar.—7. A pair of these birds were seen at Mildenhall in the summer of 1865; Mr. Rope supposed they had a nest near by, though he could not find it (Rope m Wit.) Not known hitherto to nest in Suffolk. GREY-HEADED WaGTAIL.—I]. Seen on the marshes of Breydon every season (Booth, Rowgh Notes part iv.). Rock Prrrt.—3. Several seen on the crag at Felixstowe, Oct. 29, 1885, C. B. Snow Buntine.—*6. One shot in nearly full summer plumage at Melford in 1882, by Sir Wm. Parker, who saw another (Sir. W. Parker in litt.,C. B.!). Another seen at Cockfield, on the high road May 31, 1884, partly white, (C. B.). Meaty Reppott.—*3. A fine male shot at Grundisburgh in 1850 (Lingwood MS8.). *6. One taken alive at Cockfield in Dec. 1885, by A. Parish (C. B.). 252 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, Cross Briu.—7. A pair seen to go into a nest on the top of a tall Scotch firnear Downham on March 18, 1885 ; on the 23rd Mr. Norgate picked up the nest; a boy had taken the young ones out of it, one of which he saw (F. Norgate 2 Witt.). The nest has been given by Mr. Norgate to the Cambridge Museum. Rose-cOLOURED Pastor.—*7. One shot at Thetford in Sept., 1843, perched on a tree in a churchyard (F. Clifford in Z., 452); this is probably the churchyard on the Suffolk side of the river, about which there are, many trees. SrarLinc.—A cream-coloured variety shot at Brandon (Newby v.v C. B. !) ; white examples seen occasionally on Bawdsey Common (G. P- Hope MS8.). Raven.—3. Nested near Stutton Rectory up to 1869; the birds had disappeared in 1874 (KE. Bidwell in Uit., who saw the nest in 1869), *4, One shot at Needham Market in Nov. 1884, preserved by Bilson (Suffolk Standard Nov. 11,1884). A fine male shot at Crowfield in 1855 (H. Lingwood MS., who has it). HoopEep Crow.—7. A variety with pale grey wings and tail, belly reddish-brown, no part perfectly black, taken on Newmarket Heath Nov. 22, 1884 (Howlett v.v. C._B. !). Rook —6. Several young birds with breast and wings in part pale brown; tips of wings, throat and forehead nearly black; taken May 1883 at Brunton Hall near Sudbury (Walford v.vy. who has them. C. B. !). Rotier.—*7. One shot in June 1883 at Exning and found dead at Burwell the next day (Howlett a Wit). Rina Dove.—7. A splendid white variety seen at Moulton Jan. 1886 (Howlett in Bury Free Press, Jan. 23, 1886). Rock Dovs.—*1. In Jan. and Feb. 1883 one or two at a time were brought into Yarmouth market from the neighbourhood, along with Stock Doves. Mr. Stevenson inclines to think that they may have been wild (Z. 8rd 8. ix. (1885) 323). Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun. (i Witt.) thinks that they were not true Rock Doves. Mr. Kerry believes that the bird mentioned above was the true species ; and tells me that he has received more than one from Walton-on-the-Naze, in Essex. Pueagant.—A hybrid between this and the Gold Pheasant and another between this and Reeves’ Pheasant shot at Elveden, are preserved at the Hall. Various other cross-bred birds have been shot there and are preserved; several are still abroad in the coverts (Prince Victor Duleep Singh én litt., 1885, C. B. !). [A Reeves’ Pheasant from Suffolk isin the British Museum, but the bird is not yet any where naturalized.] Hybrids between the Common Pheasant and the Gold ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. 953 Pheasant, and between it and the domestic hen are preserved at Euston Hall (C. B.). QuaIL.— 8. Two nests found in 1881 at Euston, (B. W. Cooper v.v.). Anest found at Westley in 1883 (Lord John Hervey y.v.). A good many Quails have been shot lately in various parts of the county. ParTRIDGE.—8. A pair of pure white birds shot at Sapiston by the Duke of Grafton ; preserved at the Hall (C. B. !). LITTLE BustarD.— |. One shot at Bradwell Nov. 1885 (Lowne m hit., who sold it to Rev. C. J. Lucas). *4, One killed at Rendlesham in 1824 (Cat. of Ely Leverian Mus.). 7. One shot at Moulton Feb. 1882 (Howlett 7m Uitt.). DotTrrEL.—*6. A female killed in Stoke Park by running water in summer 1882 (in my Collection C. B.). AvoceTt.—1. One shot at Oulton, Apr. 1875; in Mr. Millais’ possession (J. H. Gurney, jun., 2 litt.). *7, One shot by Mr. Butler on the old water-course at Newmarket, Jan. 12, 1881 (Howlett in liti.). REDSHANK.—*4. Ipswich Marshes, winter 1888 (in my Collection, Cc. B.). Woop SAnppipeR.—*8. Prof. Newton believes that a specimen preserved at Culford Hall was shot there (i Uitz.). Woopcock.—7. A melanite form shot near Ousden Hall, Nov. 2, 1884, by Mr. Penn, who has it (Howlett v.v.). GREAT SNIPE.—7. One shot at Eriswell about three years ago, preserved at Elveden Hall (Prince Victor Duleep Singh in Uitt., C. B. !). 8. Five seen in one day at Euston in 1876 (B. W. Cooper v.yv.). BaR-TAILED Gopwit.—*4. One killed recently near Ipswich in red summer plumage (in my Collection C. B.). *7. One killed at Eriswell in 1883, preserved at Elveden Hall (Prince Victor Duleep Singh 7 Uit.). BLACK-TAILED GODWIT.—*7. One killed on the marshes near Brandon Jan. 9, 1886 (W. Howlett mm Uitt.). LivtLE BirTeRN.—One immature, having down on the head, shot at Mutford, Sept., 1885, by Mr. Poyser, who has it; it may probably have been bred in this country (W. M. Crowfoot in litt). WuimBREL.—1. One shot on Breydon April 12, 1883, a very early date (H. Stevenson in Z. 3rd 8. ix. (1885) 325). GaDWALL.—*7. One shot at Brandon Jan. 1885 (J. H. Gurney, jun., m litt., who saw it). 254 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, WicEon.—Supposed to breed in Ramsholt marshes ; early in June 1882 two old birds and six quite young ones were about for some time (G. P. Hope mm Uitt.). ScoTeR.—8. Shot at Euston by Mr. B. W. Cooper who has it, C. B.! Another preserved at Euston Hall,C.B.! , GUILLEMOT.—*8, One shot at or near Euston ; preserved at the Hall,C. B.! Lesser TERN.—*4. One recently killed in Ipswich Marshes (in my Collection, C. B.). IcELAND GULL.—1. A specimen shot at Yarmouth some years ago, identified by Mr. Howard Saunders; formerly in possession of Mr. W. M. Crowfoot; he gave it to Mr. G. Smith, of Yarmouth, who now has it (W. M. Crowfoot im Uitt.). The asterisk placed against the bird in the body of this Catalogue may now be removed. FutmMar.—*3. One shot at Bawdsey, Feb. 1880, by Mr. Hope (G: P. Hope zn Uiiz.). Gyr-Fatcon.—*7. An immature bird, considered by Mr. Newby to be of this species, killed on Thetford Warren, in spring, 1883; it appeared to me to be very similar to Mr. Hunt’s bird, mentioned above. Dr. Gadow, Strickland Curator at Cambridge, to whom I shewed the specimen, pronounced it to be a young Gyr-Falcon. Prof. Newton says of it, “It looks very much like an example of the immature male of /. Gyr-falco, but it is just one of those specimens of which one (I at least) cannot feel quite sure. If the sternum had been preserved all doubt would probably have been removed” (See Newton’s Yarrell, i.,47). It is now in my Collection. If my bird be not a Gyr-Falcon, it is a specimen of the Iceland Falcon, Falco Islandus, which is not known to have been found in Suffolk. BARBARY PARTRIDGE.—Mr. Jefferies tells me that the Maharajah has introduced many at Elveden: cross birds between this and the Redlegged Partridge are preserved at the Hall (C. B. !). Mr. Norgate believes — that it breeds near Downham. VIRGINIAN CoLIn.— Major Barnardiston turned some down at Staverton, which bred but afterwards died; he gave others to Sir C. Rowley, who let them loose at Tendring. Mr. A. Baldwin, at my suggestion, released a few at Great Barton. The bird breeds near Downham, as Mr. Norgate informs me. Neither this nor the preceding can well be said to be naturalized at present. WHITE-BILLED Drver.—3. One taken on the Orwell Dec. 1883 (in my Collection, purchased from Podd). There can I think be no doubt, though the upper mandible is deformed, that the bird belongs to this ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. 255 form, which some consider not to be a distinct species from the Great Northern Diver. N.B.—The Lesser Grey Shrike has occurred twice at Yarmouth, but both times on the Norfolk side. The Bartram’s Sandpiper mentioned in Yarrell’s Supplement, p. 41, was shot near Newmarket, but on the Cambridge side of it, as Mr. Tearle informs me. Both these birds are consequently omitted from this Catalogue. Besides additional localities there are a considerable number of additional months, now known to me, in which many birds have occurred in Suffolk. It must be sufficient to say what these are without any further particulars. The list below includes the additional months given under the birds in the additional localities. OsPREY, Jan., Sept. LirrLe Bustarp, Feb. Hossy, March, May, Sept. Stone Curtew, Dec. MERLIN, Sept. DotTtTEREL, Oct. RoueH-LEGcED Buzzarp, Sept. RINGED PLOVER, June, Marsh Harrier, March. Avocet, Jan. Hen Harrter, Feb. Dusky REDSHANK, July. Montacu's Harrier, Jan., Nov. Common ReEpsHANK, July. Diprer, Summer. Knot, March, July. Rine Ovzet, Dec. Dountin, Nov. Buiack REpDsTART, March. LitrLe Strnt, April. DarTFOoRD WARBLER, Jan, Aug., SANDERLING, July, Dec. Oct., Nov. Bar-TAILEDGODWwIT, March. BEARDED Tirmovsg, Jan., Feb., June. CurLEw, Feb., Dec. Waxwine, April. WHIMpBREL, April. Grey WacraiL, Summer. PurpPLe Herron, Winter. Woon.ark, Jan., Nov., Dec. LittLe Birrern, Sept. Syow Buntine, Feb., May. Grey Lag Gooss, Feb., March. Siskin, March. PINK-FOOTED Goose, Nov. Twirte, April. PocHarp, Feb., July, Nov. Meaty ReEppott, Jan. Scaup, Nov. Lesser Reppott, Nov. Scorsr, Jan, CROSSBILL, Feb. GoosANDER, Sept. RosE-COLOURED Pastor, Oct. BLACK-THROATED DIVER, Sept. Raven, Dec. GREAT-CRESTED GREBE, July. CaRRION Crow, Oct., Nov., Dec. EARED GREBE, Sept., Nov. Maepte, Oct. PuFFIn, Feb. GREAT SpoTrED WooDPECEER, July. GuitLEmMot, Dec. LEssER SPOTTED WOODPECKER, March, Arctic TERN, July. April, Nov. SanpwicH TERN, March. Rock Dove, Jan., Feb. LessER BLACK-BACKED GULL, July. Quart, Sept. Fuimar, Feb. In consequence of information which has, from time to time, comein from various friends and lovers of natural history, the dimensions of the work have increased considerably 2K 956 CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, under my hand. I am thus under obligation for various facts to the following correspondents in addition to those mentioned in the Introduction, viz., Dr. Bree, Melford; Major E. Cobbold, Ufford; Mr. B, W. Cooper, Euston ; Sir V. H. Crewe, Bart., Calke Abbey, Derbyshire; Mr. W. M. Crowfoot, Beccles; Miss Dix, Ipswich; Mrs. Tyrwhitt Drake, Shimpling ; Mr. Everett, North Cove; Dr. Gadow, of the Zoological Museum, Cambridge; Mr. John Grubb, Redditch; Lord John Hervey, Ickworth; Mr. Hunt, of the British Museum; Mr. F’. Jefferies, Elveden; Col. Leathes, Dovercourt; Mr. Lingwood, Needham Market; Mr. G. Mason, Oulton ; Mr. Norgate, Santon Downham; Mr. Duncan Parker, Woolpit; Dr. W. H. Power, Whitehall; Mr. Remnant, Southwold; Mr. G. T. Rope, Blaxhall, who has lent me his valuable MSS.; Mr. H. Seebohm, Courtfield Gardens, South Kensington; Mr. R. B. Sharpe, of the British Museum ; Dr. Taylor, and his assistants, of the Ipswich Museum, and the Rev. H. Williams, Croxton, also to Messrs. B. Bantock, of Bildeston, and D. Newby, of Thetford, taxidermists. IT also have to thank Mr. H. Biddell, of Playford, the Rev. A. B. Hemsworth, of Bacton, and Mr. W.J. Manfield, of Ixworth Thorpe, for their local lists about to be men- tioned. 1. A List of Birds (about ninety) observed at Playford. 2. A List of Birds seen in Bacton, principally near the Rectory. 3. A List of Birds seen within the last three years at or near Ixworth Thorpe. Mr. G. P. Hope, of Havering, Essex. has kindly furnished me with a considerable List of Birds, which he observed, or shot in various parts of East Suffolk, particularly near Ramsholt, where he has landed property ; many of the birds are in his possession, but I have not yet been able to avail myself of his invitation to see them. The Kev. F. R. Zincke, of Wherstead, has published in the Suffolk Chronicle (May 31, 1884) a provisional List of the Birds of Wherstead,‘of which he will give a more detailed ADDITIONAL LOCALITIES. 257 account in his forthcoming history of that parish; I have made some use of it in this Catalogue.* The Maharajah Duleep Singh has a choice collection at Elveden Hall of birds shot in the neighbourhood, which I have been allowed to examine; and his son, Prince Victor, has obligingly given me various particulars respecting them. Mr. EK. Bidwell, of Fonnereau House, Twickenham, has kindly extracted from the printed Catalogue of the Leverian Museum at Ely the notices of the Suffolk birds therein contained. t In conclusion I have most warmly to thank Mr. Stevenson and Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., for their very kind and valu- able assistance in looking through my proof sheets. Prof. Newton, in addition to much other heip already mentioned, has allowed me the use of his rich Ornithological Library, thus bringing to my knowledge various recorded facts of which I should otherwise have been ignorant. * The Pied Flycatcher, as he tells me and as I had suspected, is inserted therein erroneously, while the Spotted Flycatcher is wrongly omitted. + This Museum was a travelling col- lection of objects of natural history, pro- bably part of the great Leverian Museum, (formed by Sir A. Lever) dispersed in 1805. There is a catalogue of it, printed by J. Evans, 21, Bartholomew Close, West Smith- field, London; it is entitled the Leverian Museum, under the patronage of their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of Cumber- land and Brunswick. A date, 1830, is written in MS. on the copy seen by Mr. Bidwell, probably inserted by some pre- vious possessor. ‘The proprietor of the Museum was Simpson Seaman, to whom a poem is addressed by the Rey. W. Harrison, Pymore, Oct. 30, 1824, directed to ‘‘Mr. Seaman, Leverian Museum, Ely.” Mr. Marshall Fisher, who saw it at Ely, about fifty years ago, does not know what became of it after it left the place. DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. We cannot take a comprehensive view of the uatural history of any district, without taking some account of the character of the district itself. The County of Suffolk is a portion of East Anglia, and contains about fifteen hundred Square miles, or nine hundred and forty-four thousand acres. These form an irregular figure, in some degree resembling a trapezium, the coast line being about fifty miles in length, the greatest breadth from east to west about fifty-six, and the greatest length from north to south about thirty-two. It is bounded on the north by Norfolk, from which it is separated by the Little Ouse and the Waveney, which - rise close together, and flow on in opposite directions; on the west by Cambridgeshire ; on the south by Essex, from which it is in great part separated by the Stour ; and on the east by the German Ocean. The character of the surface is much varied, it consists of heavy clay, and of light lands of mixed soil, the former much preponderating. Cereals are largely cultivated, but there is some pasture land. There are various heaths and barren tracts of rough ground, principally used for sheep- walks and rabbit-warrens. A more or less broken belt of heath and furze extends near the coast from Lowestoft to the river Orwell, where Calluna, Erica tetraliz and cinerea grow in greater or lessabundance. It is intersected by arable and marsh land which sometimes comes down to the coast. The heath land isin many places separated from the sea by a belt of marshes protected from the sea by ‘ walls,” except where there are low sand-hills, as, for instance, from Minsmere sluice to Sizewell; these, locally called bent-lands, are partly covered with furze. Some small patches of heath lie between Lowestoft DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 959 and Yarmouth, such as those at Gorleston, Belton, and Hopton. The large tract of loose blowing sand, below which there is ehalk at various depths, lying in the north-west part of the county, and known as the * Breck District,” is a more peculiar feature. Its extent may be pretty well estimated by the open character of the unshaded map published by Morris in connection with his Gazetteer. Large portions of it have probably never been under cultivation, but such grounds as were “broken-up” by the plough obtained the name of ‘ brecks,” by which name the whole district has become known. This great district was once much more open than it is at present, now that fir plantations have been largely introduced ; more land is also employed for the production of root-crops and of cereals, not only of rye, as formerly, but also of barley and even wheat. Even now hedges are few and far between, and there is very little water. It has been supposed by some that an arm of the sea once came up from the South Suffolk coast to Thetford (see above under Ringed Plover). Prof. Newton and Dr. Hind think that it is quite possible that an arm of the Wash may have reached Thetford from the west, and that the Wash itself may have extended as far perhaps as Brandon, Wangford also, and Lakenheath, being on its shores; but they do not believe that the sea could have come in from the eastward. Compare Barett in Trans.of Norf. and -Norw. Nat. Soc. for 1870-1, p. 63). Dr. Taylor, however, thinks that the marine plants found about Thetford are attracted by the soda which enters into the drift sand of the felspar, that the marine insects are attracted by the plants, and the sea birds by both ; so that the hypothesis of the sea having once advanced so far is, he considers, open to doubt. The woods and plantations in the county are almost entirely of modern growth; some timber is also scattered about, but trees of all kinds are diminishing in many parts and perhaps generally ; ancient forests, such as those at Staverton and Fakenham, are very rare, 260 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. as are also old woods, those for instance near Needham Market. Of marsh land there is now, for the most part, no great quantity, and much fen has entirely disappeared. The valley of the Alde, however, is generally marshy, and the marshes are in some pleces very extensive, the Lantern marshes covering a considerable area. Marsh land extends also up the valleys near the coast of other rivers, in some eases for a considerable distance There is likewise a quantity of marsh, but little or no fen-land between Scole and Beccles. The fens, which once occupied a large district about Mildenhall,* appear to have been drained in the early years of the present century; the peat remains in a dry form. There is still much fen-land at Tuddenham, which extends to other parishes on the banks of the Lark. Also at Redgrave, near the source of the Waveney ; at Hinderclay, Thelnetham, and around Hopton on or near to the Little Ouse, and at Aldeburgh there are considerable portions of unreclaimed fen. Some years ago, I am informed, there was a large district of “quaking” fen at Worlingham, North Cove, and Barnby, but of late years a considerable part of it has been drained, and converted into valuable feedingland. The fen-land seems to be diminishing generally. There are no moors anywhere, and none appear to have ever existed in the county.T There are no mountains and no rocks, and even the hills scattered about the county are few and inconsiderable. A hilly district, known as Westleton Walks, once covered by the sea, extends inland from the Dunwich cliffs, of which it appears to be a _ continuation, towards Theberton and Middleton. The hills are irregular in form, and intersected by deep winding valleys, they are covered with heath, brake, and furze. A range of low furze-covered hills and grassy denes extends * The land about Mildenhall though + No moors, that is no high lands of drained, is still called Mildenhall Fen large extent, more or less boggy, on and is so marked on the maps. Fen which heath grows, but low peat-lands properly signifies corrupted water (see are sometimes called moors, for instance, Richardson’s Dict, s.y.and the quotations). Whelp Moor, on Mildenhall Fen, DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 261 from Lowestoft towards Yarmouth northwards, while the cliffs of Pakefield and Kessingland trend southwards to Sole Bay and Easton Broad Nothing at all like a sub- alpine region is to be found anywhere in Suffolk. The country consists, for the most part, of gently undulating fields, and, in some parts, of perfectly level plains. The fields are sometimes very large, and are divided by hedges, which are no longer of the same height or breadth as formerly. On some roadsides, however, high hedges are still to be seen. On the coast there is abundance of sand and shingle, more especially on Orford beach, the acreage of which is probably larger than anything else of the kind on the east coast, and there are some mud-flats and salt marshes, especially near Aldborough ; there are fine bays, havens, and creeks, butnocliffs ofany great height, merely, in some places, a low range of the Suffolk crag, as at Felixstowe, Dunwich, and Southwold. Masses of indurated London clay crop out at low water at Felixstowe, and are, so far as I know, the only approach to rocks above the surface occurring anywhere in the county.* Adjoining the sea there are considerable estuaries formed by the Stour, the Orwell, and the Deben, reaching up to Manningtree, Ipswich, and Woodbridge respectively. There are also large pieces of water, of a brackish character, particularly Breydon Water, Lake Lothing, and Thorpe Mere. Breydon is a magnificent tidal lake of some twelve hundred acres in extent, about five miles long by two-thirds of a mile wide ; the deep water channel of the river passing through it is comparatively narrow, and is marked by painted posts to guide the vessels sailirg across; the mud flats on each side, which are covered twice a day by the tide, offer rich feeding grounds for fowl and for fish ; they are bounded by a strong bank to keep in the water, and are without reeds or trees. It is here, as has been already said, that * For an account of the strata below see Dr. Taylor in White’s History of the surface, and ofthe geology in general, Suffolk, pp. 67—83, 3rd, Ed, 262 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. more rare birds have been obtained than in any other spot in England.* Lake Lothing is now a tidal lake, two miles long, which extends inwards from Lowestoft harbour, and is separated by a lock from Oulton Broad. About fifty yearsago both the Broad and the Lake were fresh water, and a narrow strip of sand divided the lake from the sea. In June, 1831, the salt water was admitted into the lake. Thorpe Mere consists of an area of about a thousand acres, divided into two parts, the First and Second Meres, by a wall of earth. It is partially drained by a system of ditches, but a consider- able quantity of water is at times forced into it both from the higher lands and from the sea (Hele, Ald., 10—13). Of fresh water lakes and broadst (7.e., pieces of water formed by the broadening of astream ) there area few, though these are very inferior in number and magnitude to those of Norfolk ; they lie principally in East Suffolk, where the beautifully wooded lake of Fritton extends over five hundred acres; Oulton Broad, surrounded by marshes, over a hundred and ten, besides Barnby, Easton, Benacre, Covehithe, and Dunwich Broads{, which are not so large. Bosmere now consists of about eight acres, and is a good deal choked up with weeds; a few years ago it was almost twice its present size ; at Rushmere there is a tract of marsh land and ponds by the side of the rivulet which flows into the Deben. At Holbrook and Tattingstone are ornamental lakes of a few acres each. There are not many considerable pieces of water in West * Breydon divides Norfolk and Suffolk. It has been variously regarded as wholly in Norfolk, or as wholly in Suffolk ; but it must certainly be looked upon as be- longing to both counties by the principles of English law, according to which the medium filum is the dividing line in all such cases. In Cary’s Map of England the coloured line separating the counties is drawn through the middle of the lake. A bird seen or shot on Breydon may safely be regarded as belonging to both counties ; it could hardly be there for a couple of hours without haying visited them both. ¢ The word is not always used strictly: Fritton Lake and Breydon Water are sometimes called Broads. { The last, onee opposite Minsmere Haven, is now drained. About fifteen years ago, it was remembered as a piece of water of about seven acres. It is marked on Cary’s map (1792) and from it on our ownas ‘The Broad” (G, T. Rope in litt.). DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 263 Suffolk, and most of these have been artifically enlarged. Much the largest is that of Ampton and Livermere united ; it is nearly two miles long, and about a quarter of a mile broad, and consists of about seventy-five acres. The lake at Redgrave, formed by the expansion of a rivulet, is more than forty-six acres in size. There are smaller lakes at Culford Hall, Forniam, and Drinkstone. There is a mere in the parish of Brandon, abutting the boundary of Wangford. Barton Mere, a very ancient piece of water, consists, when full, of about twelve acres ; prehistoric bronze weapons have been found there, and remains of ancient lake dwellings. Broadmere at Troston, also very ancient, is not so large. Cornard Mere, near Sudbury, has now almost vanished ; it did not consist, about thirty years ago, of more than two acres, and its extent is now much less. In addition to the rivers which have been already mentioned there are some others of no great extent, viz, the Gipping, the Blyth, the Bret, the Thet, the Linnet, and the Lark. There are also many springs and rivulets scattered over the county. This short sketch of the character of Suffolk however imperfect, may perhaps in some degree serve to account for the distribution of those birds that are found therein, and also for the absence of others. As there are no moors, there are no Grouse and no Blackgame,* although attempts have been made to introduce both these birds, as well as the * A pair have occurred, but were Red Grouse has never occurred in Norfolk. probably introduced ; they are not counted In Suffolk, there are now no elevated below among the Birds of Suffolk. (See heathy tracts equally fit with those of Black Grouse above). Black Grous2 are Lynn for such birds to live in, none, still found in Norfolk near Lynn,where an that is, so extensive and so moist. Their ample extent of wood and heath, wild in favourite food Hmpetrum, and Vaccinium theextreme, affordsthe three mostessential —_vitis idea, are entirely absent from both conditions of space, food, and quiet. counties, and V. owycoccos is rare in They were also turned out at Beeston, both, especially in Suffolk - (Stev. B. where though the soil was well suited to of N. i. 347-376, Yarrell ili., 62). them and the heathery hills bordered by Mr. H. Saunders considers the Black fir-plantations were a very promising Grouse near Lynn to be indigenous (they locality, they soon died off or were shot have beenre-introduced), but calls them an on adjacent manors, the ranges of these isolated and decreasing colony. Yarrell’s hills being far too circumscribed. The Br. B. iii. 63 (4th Ed.) 2G 964 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, Capercailzie. The absence of mountains and high hills, of rocks and of rocky streams, accounts for the rarity of some birds which frequent such localities, such as the Ring Ouzel and the Dipper, which occur, the former only sparingly, the latter very rarely. The diminution of woods and of timber in some parts of Suffolk has probably not been without eftect upon the avifauna ; thus the Buzzard, formerly not uncommon, has now become decidedly rare. The Magpie and the Jay have also become much less common. The number of these birds, and of all birds of prey, has been further diminished by the incessant persecution of the gamekeepers, who frequently do not distinguish between the birds which are more or less mischievous to game, and those who do very little harm to it, and are, in other respects, extremely useful, such as the Kestrel* and the Barn Owl. Every species of British climbing bird, the Creeper, the Nuthatch, and the three Woodpeckers occur in all our eight districts, though not abundantly, and one of them but rarely ; they were probably at one time more frequent than they now are. At the same time larch and fir plantations have much inereased, in some parts at least. The Scotch firs were, during the last century, largely planted in the ‘ Breck district,’ where they were formerly quite unknown ; and have thus been the cause of a great multiplication in the numbers of the Long-eared Owl, in whose esteem the Scotch fir stands highest among trees. This appears to be the only bird of prey whose numbers have increased of late years, the others having all diminished. The increasing inroads of civilization upon the Breck district has been disastrous indeed to its ornithology. The Bustard, once the glory of Norfolk and Suffolk, is now extinct in these counties, the last Suffolk nest having been found in 1832. Since that time indeed accidental visitors have been seen; the last, a male bird on the borders of * T muck regret having, under Kestrel, when hard pressed for other food for its ascribed poaching proclivitics to that young. See Dresser, B. of Hur. vi., 381; bird; it appears to take young gameonly Booth, Rough Notes, pt. ii. DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, 265 the county, in 1876, when a league was formed by the neighbouring proprietors to protect it, Lord Lilford sending two of his own hen Bustards to be liberated, in order to induce the cock to stay. The Stone Curlew, its feeble representative, now alone survives, and is still ‘not uncommon. The Breck is the principal centre both of it and of the Wheatear, which breed abundantly throughout this district, though both are found in many other parts of the county. The Woodlark also breeds, but more rarely, and in that district only; the Stock Dove also, a bird found in ail the eight districts, may be spoken of as more especially belonging to the Breck ; multitudes bred in the last century on the sandy plains ‘hear Brandon, and the shepherds annually took the young for sale; they breed there still, but in diminished numbers. The Kite, no more a denizen in the county, was formerly not rare on the open warrens about Elveden, where, in the days of hawking, it used to be chased by the Falcon. A few examples have been found there within the last ten years. The fens, once abundant about Mildenhall, were formerly frequented by the Ruff and Reeve, but the bird is now extinct in Suffolk, except as an accidental visitor. The Bittern also was once a resident there, but is not now known to breed anywhere in the county. ‘The Spotted Crake still survives, and breeds in several fenny districts, The Snipes are also more especially fen birds, but their numbers are diminishing in most places, if not everywhere. The Harriers in fine are now all rare, and are possibly verging on extinction by the gamekeepers. While there is a diminution of some species of birds in the woods, the Breck, and the fens, other species have increased. The Hawfinch, formerly considered rare, can no longer be regarded as such, having been found in a great many places, and having nested in several; the Mistletoe Thrush is more common now than formerly ; and the Warblers and small birds generally being less exposed to the attacks of Hawks, appear to have increased in numbers with the increase of plantations, though the narrowing of the old- 266 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. fashioned hedgerows must have told against them. The Ring-Dove, in fine, possibly from the same cause, in part, but chiefly from the greater cultivation of turnips, has immensely multiplied of late years ; it has also increased by large migratory flocks in the autumn.* Until lately the bird catchers did much to reduce the numbers of the song birds, more especially the Goldfinch, the Bullfinch, and the Nightingale, multitudes of which were taken annually. Since the passing of the Wild Birds’ Protection Act, they have appeared in much greater abundance. There are a few birds, which are found more especially on the heath and among furze ; such are the Short-lMared Owl, the Stonechat, the Whinchat, and the Nightjar, or Goatsucker, which occur more or less commonly in all the districts. There is one species however, the Dartford Warbler, which is always found in such localities, but is recorded as yet in three districts only, and in these but rarely. It has been observed mostly not far from the sea, and is not known to have nested. Something must now be said about the water birds. Of those which are found on the Broads, Meres, and fresh-water and tidal Lakes, the Great-crested Grebe, the Coot, and the Shoveller are perhaps the most characteristic, though many other ducks and waders are found there in greater or less frequency at all times. The Heron, while occurring now and then wherever there is water and fish, is to be regarded as amongst the most conspicuous ornaments of the Broads and Lakes. The Reed Bunting, though met with in many other places, may be observed in immense numbers and to the fullest advantage upon the Broads during the Summer months, more especially perhaps upon Oulton. The Reed Warbler, a much less common bird, may also be looked upon as par excellence a bird of the Broads, where it builds its beautiful nest plentifully. The Bearded Titmouse, yearly becoming more scarce in the county, and in many places extinct, still survives on Oulton Broad, and was, * If the turnip-crops be bad, Ring as they do any other district under Doves leave Suffolk in the autumn, just similar conditions. (A. Newton % Uitt.) DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 267 no doubt, at one time, general upon them all,as well as among the reed beds near the sea and elsewhere.* Many of the rarer birds of Suffolk, as the Osprey, Kentish Plover, Avocet, Wood Sandpiper, l’emminck’s Stint, Spoonbill, the Great and Little Bittern, the Great Snipe, Gadwall, Garganey, and Sclavonian Grebe, have, from time to time, been met with on the Broads, Lakes and Meres, or round their edges. On Fritton Lake were two decoys, one of which is still worked, where Wild Ducks, Teal, and Wigeon are taken in considerable numbers, averaging about a thousand annually ; there have been various other decoys in the county ; but this is, probably, now the principal one, the decoys of Kast Anglia having greatly diminished of late years. On the tidal Lakes, as was to be expected, a large number of marine birds are to be found constantly, which appear only occasionally on those of fresh water. The avifauna of the sea-coast is peculiarly rich; almost every species of British sea-bird having occurred there, At the same time the absence of rocks accounts for the small number of species known to breed. The Blackheaded Gull, the only species of the genus which is known to have’ bred in the county, formerly nested on a mere near Brandon, many miles from the sea; the birds were always robbed of their eggs, and have not bred there for many years. Several kinds of Terns, laying their eggs on the shingle, breed, or have bred, not uncommonly. Besides them, the “following are ‘the only marine species known to me to breed, or to have bred: —the Redshank, the Oyster Catcher, the Ringed Plover, the Avocet, the Spoonbill, and the Cormorant. Among marine passerine birds the Rock-pipit, found along the whole length have greatly fallen off of late), at Rush- mere, and at Nacton; there was also a decoy at Westleton. The decoy at Chil- * The reeds, formerly in extensive use for thatching, have now fallen into neglect, and are no longer encouraged, and the birds have vanished with them. + A full account of Fritton Decoy may be seen in G, C. Davies’ Norfolk Broads and Rivers, 160—173. New Ed., 1584. There still are, or lately have been, decoys at Iken (where immense numbers of fowl were formerly taken, but the numbers lesford has not been worked since Sir R. Wallace left Sudbourn Hall; that at Friston has not been in use for many years, That at Levington had ceased to exist early in the century. The above information is derived from various friends and from S. and W., 45. 268 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. of the coast, does its best to vindicate its name in a country where there are no rocks. It may be seen among the Felixstowe crags, at the foot of which are blocks of indurated London clay. It is also particularly to be remarked that the Shore-lark, which was not known in Great Britain until 1830, and not found in Suffolk till 1850, has occurred either in small numbers, or in flocks, annually during the last twenty years and more. There is no parallel instance to this in the whole range of British ornithology, and it is very difficult to account for. The bird appears to be moving westward, and is far more abundant in Heligoland also, according to Herr Gatke, than it used to be (J. H. Gurney, jun., i litt.). It will readily be supposed that the number of birds in a county with such a geographical position 1s very con- siderable. According to Harting, whose arrangement has been followed throughout this Catalogue, the entire number of British Birds, both residents and migrants,* excluding the Accidental Visitants, is 261; if, from this, we subtract Sabine’s Snipe, which he now considers to be a variety of the common Snipe, and replace it by the Mute Swan, now generally admitted into the British list, the number will remain the same. Of these fully 247 may be regarded, with reasonable certainty, as Suffolk birds. The following have never been observed in Suffolk:—the Great Reed Warbler, Water Pipit, Chough, Ptarmigan, Great Auk, and Greater Shearwater. And there are others whose claims are mere or less doubtful:—the Golden Eagle, Savi’s Warbler, the White Wagtail, Ortolan Bunting, and Roseate * Tt has only very lately been known to how large an extent nearly all resident birds are migrants. Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., has some important remarks on this matter in his introduction to his Catalogue of the Birds of Norfolk. He thinks that in Norfolk every species of bird is migra- tory, except Pheasants, Partridges, and tame Swans; and, perhaps, Sparrows and Green Woodpeckers. Observations have lately been made off Lighthouse vessels, at Lowestoft among other places, on the migrations of birds, from which valuable results have beer. and will be still further obtained. Lowestoft is the most easterly point in England, from which hosts of birds have been seen coming in from Norway, among them many commonly called residents. See various notes made there (on land) by Mr. Stevenson and Mr. J. H. Gurney in recent numbers of the Zoologist. DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. 269 Tern. The three following have been introduced into Suffolk, but wholly unsuccessfully :-——the Capercailzie, Red Grouse, and Black Grouse. A very large proportion— more than half—of the whole number (247) are distributed over the whole of the county. A hundred and twenty-eight species are recorded from all the eight districts, but there are probably nearly forty more which may have to be added, being now recorded from six or seven districts. The numbers which occur in four and five districts are about twenty and thirty respectively. Several birds, more especially those of the coast, have as yet been recorded from three districts only, but are not very rare therein; such are the Rock Pipit, Turnstone, Pink- footed Goose, Velvet Scoter, Razor-bill, Arctic Tern, and Glaucous Gull; while others which have occurred in the same number of districts are among the rarest of Suffolk birds; they are the Crested Tit (one specimen in each district), Dartford Warbler, Great Bustard (now extinct), Purple Heron, Baillon’s Crake, Ferruginous Duck, Eider Duck, and Buffon’s Skua. The following have hitherto been found in no more than two districts; the Greyheaded Wagtail, Fire-crest (?), Bee- eater, Rock Dove (?), Kentish Plover, Temminck’s Stint, Bernicle Goose, Black Guillemot, Iceland Gull (?), and Great Skua. And these in conclusion can be counted upon from one district only viz., the Woodchat Shrike, Richard’s Pipit, - Lapland Bunting (onespecimen ), Cirl Bunting (onespecimen), Glossy Ibis, Crane (one specimen), Little Crake. At the same time the fact that a bird has been found in all the eight districts does not by any means prove that it is abundant in all parts of the county, or even in any one district. The following may fairly be regarded as more or less rare in them all; the Osprey, Peregrine Falcon, Hobby, Merlin, Common Buzzard, Rough-Legged Buzzard, Great Grey Shrike, Pied Flycatcher, Ring Ouzel, Reed Warbler, Brambling, Raven (now almost extinct), Great Spotted Woodpecker, Little Spotted Woodpecker, Quail, Bittern, Spotted Crake, Shoveller, Pintail, Tufted Duck, Golden 970 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Eye, also the irregular visitants, the Waxwing, Hoopoe, Crossbill, Hawfinch, as well as the following marine species, Little Auk, Gannet, Black Tern, Storm Petrel. It is unnecessary, however, to enter into details on this subject, as the distribution of each bird is mentioned in its place in the Catalogue, including of coursethe Addenda. A few words must be added on the Accidental Visitors. Of such birds which have oceurred in Britain, Harting reckons 135 species; of these 48 are Kuropean, 14 Asiatic, 11 African, and 42 American. He has added five others since the publication of his Handbook in 1872, thus bringing the total number of British birds up to 400. The B. 0. U. List has on the one hand made the number greater by adding several other Accidental Visitors, and so enumerating 452 British birds in all. Of these 76 are deducted as being more or less doubtful, and are included in square brackets, thus leaving 576 as the ascertained number of British birds. The number of Accidental Visitors recorded above from Suffolk is 53, seven of which are in a greater or less degree doubtful, viz., the Mottled Owl, Eagle Owl, Pine Grosbeak, Great White Heron, Ruddy Sheldrake, Harlequin Duck, King Duck, and Briinnich’s Guillemot, and two are certainly introduced, the Barbary Partridge and the Virginian Colin. Of these 53, White’s Thrush and Pallas’s Sand Grouse, are natives of Asia; the Cream-coloured Ceurser is a native of Africa; the Mottled Owl, American Meadow Starling, Red-winged Starling, Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Spotted Sandpiper, Pectoral Sandpiper, Broad-billed Sandpiper, Kied-breasted Snipe, Esquimaux Curlew, Trumpeter Swan, Buffel Headed Duck, Summer Duck, the Hooded Mer- egaunser, White-biiled Diver, Sabine’s Gull, and Wilson’s Petrel are natives of America. The Barbary Partridge and Virginian Colin are introduced birds, but included (after Harting) in the 53 Accidental Visitors; they ~ are respectively natives of Africa and of America. The remainder ‘are European, viz., Greenland Faleon, Gyr- Falcon, Red-footed Falcon, Snowy Owl, Little Owl, Scops Owl, Eagle Owl, 'Tengmalm’s Owl, Alpine Accentor, Blue- DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. OTT throated Warbler, Marsh Warbler, Serin Finch, Pine Gros- beak, Parrot Crossbill, White-winged Crossbill, Nuteracker, Alpine Swift, Collared Pratincole, Black-winged Stilt, Black Stork, Great White Heron, Little Hgret, Squacco Heron, Polish Swan, Ruddy Sheldrake, Red-crested Duck, Harle- quin Duck, King Duck, Briinnich’s Guillemot, Caspian Tern, White-winged Black Tern, and Gull-billed Tern, Some of these birds however are by no means contined to Europe, but are found in other parts of the world quite as commonly or more so. The following mentioned in the notes are certainly escaped birds, and are not included in British lists, nor in the above 53,viz., the Black Swan, a native of Australia, and the Whidah bird, a native of Africa. Several included in the 55 may have escaped from confinement, such as the American Meadow Starling and more especially the Summer Duck. All the above are, of course, very rare in Suffolk; about a third have occurred in only one district, and some of these only once in that district. Breydon Water has supplied a greater number of Accidental Visitors than any other place ; several, viz., the Red-footed Falcon, the Pectoral Sandpiper, the Broad-billed Sandpiper, the Buffel-headed Duck, and Red- crested !)uck were observed there in Great Britain for the first time. The Trumpeter Swan has been obtained at Aldeburgh, and nowhere else, so far as is at present known, in Europe. | Besides the American Meadow Starling killed at Thrandeston, only two others have been met with in Great Britain. Of the four Esquimaux Curlews which have been killed in Great Britain, two have occurred in Suffolk. It is, perhaps, needless to enter into any further details.* The whole number of birds seen in Suffolk, counting the Accidental Visitors and subtracting the doubtful ones, is 247 plus 45, amounting to 292. It is impossible to decide, with absolute certainty, what is the true number, but the above estimate can hardly be far wrong. If Pallas’ Grey * Harting, in his Handbook, mentions many examples have been seen or obtained under each Accidental Visitant, how in Britain, 2M 272 DISTKIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. Shrike and the Black-breasted Dipper be counted as in the B. 0. U. List, as distinct species, the number would be raised to 294. Making every allowance for omissions and errors in excess, no one can doubt that the ornithology of Suffolk can show a very strong list of birds, little, if at all, inferior to that of any other county, the avifauna of which has been well investigated, Yorkshire only excepted. Comparisons are proverbially odious, but still it is interesting to give the estimates which have been made by competent handsof thenumber of birdsknownin othercounties. Messrs. W. E. Clarke and W. D. Roebuck in 1881 enumerate 307 species in Yorkshire. Mr. Stevenson in 1883, in White's Gazetteer of Norfolk, estimates the birds of Norfolk at 293; Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., writing in 1884, in Mason’s Norfolk, sets them down at 285, omitting the doubtful cases. Mr. Harting, in 1880, in his introduction to Rodd’s Birds of Cornwall, estimates the birds of Cornwall at 290. The birds of the Humber district, a well defined zoological province comprising parts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, are estimated by Mr. Cordeaux, writing in 1872, at 276, besides five included in an Appendix. Mr. Hancock in 1874 counts the birds of Northumberland and Durham united as 266. Messrs. Macpherson and Duckworth in 1886 reckon 250 birds for Cumberland. Mr. Mitchell, in 1885, counts 256 birds for Lancashire. Mr. Knox, in his systematic Catalogue of the Birds of Sussex (1860, 3rd Ed.), enumerates 248 species as found in that county.* Mr. Harting, in 1866, estimates the birds of Middlesex at 225. Mr. A. W. M. Clark-Kennedy, in 1868, reckons the birds of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire combined to be 225. Mr. Cecil Smith in 1869 sets down the birds of Somerset- shire at 216. The late Dr. Saxby counted the birds of the Shetland Islands to be 202, including about half a dozen doubtful cases; his book was edited by his brother, the Rev. S. H. Saxby, in 1874. Mr. Montagu Browne is pub- * Mr, J. H. Gurney, jun., informs me and others, and that their number now that other birds have since been added to probably amounts to about 270. the Sussex list, by Mr. Monk of Lewes DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK, Q273 lishing, in the Zoologist, a list of the birds of Leicestershire, but it is not yet completed.* It will thus be seen that Suffolk stands very high among the English counties in the number of its birds. If a scientific election committee were to scrutinize the lists, they would find it an arduous business to arrange their order. There can be very little doubt that more birds have been seen in Yorkshire, as was to be expected, and in Cornwall, Norfolk, and Suffolk than in any other counties whose avifauna is well known. It is to be hoped that the birds of Suffolk, and those also of every other part of England, may suffer less diminution by wanton destruction in the future than they have done in the past. The Act of Parliament for the Preservation of Wild Birds has already done much for them, and it has been remarked that it is probably in consequence of that Act that the song-birds and several other species, for example, the Ducks, Gulls, and Plovers, have recently increased in numbers in Suffolk. The birds of prey, Hawks and Owls, do less mischief to game than has been - supposed ; they not only do much good by destroying rats and mice and wood-pigeons, but they also kill weakly game birds, which are the most easily taken, and so cause the survival of the fittest; so that the keepers do more harm than good by waging a war of utter extermination against them. Certain species which do much mischief in the garden at some times of the year, do also much good at other times by destroying mischievous insects, and ought therefore to be kept down only moderately. In France the wholesale destruction of small birds is said to have produced disastrous effects. Ir fact we may say generally that any considerable disturbance of the balance of nature leads to more harm than good. Even naturalists, more particularly collectors of eggs, who must now be contented with nothing less than a clutch, should follow their pursuit with caution and moderation. * From what he tells me, I think we may roughly estimate the number of Leicestershire birds at 200 or nearly so. O74 DISTRIBUTION OF THE BIRDS OF SUFFOLK. In the above Catalogue I have contented myself for the most part with giving a list in which is noticed the dis- tribution of the birds over the county, the frequency of their occurrence, the months in which they have been observed, and whether they have nested now or formerly. A good deal has been written about the uselessness of mere local ornithological histories,* but it is the opinion of some of the most competent naturalists that they are of great value. Professor Bell expresses himself as follows :— “ It may be doubted whether the study of animals of particular tracts of country have not contributed, more than any other means, to the advancement of zoological knowledge, especially as regards those important branches of it, the geographical distribution of animals and the influence of climate, of soil, and of other local circumstances in determin- ing the range of species, the changes of varieties, and the extent and periods of migration.” * Cecil Smith’s Birds of Somersetshire, pref. CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA. P. 6, line 4. For Mr. Edwin Hill, read Mr. J. F. Hills. Ditto. Note. Mr. King’s Catalogue appeared in Fulcher’s Sudbury Journal for 1838, pp. 126—128. P. 8, line 26. For Mr. Coleman, read Mr. Combe. P. 12, line 1. For Woodbridge read Halesworth. Ditto, line 26. It is a mistake to say that the Latin edition of Willughby contains no localities of Suffolk birds. The Bustard is mentioned as occurring prove Novum Mer- catum el Royston oppidain agro Cantabrigiensi et Suffoleience (p. 129). He seems to have thought that Royston was in Suffolk ; Newmarket is partly in that county. Compare Ray’s translation, p. 178. P. 21. After line 2, insert Fam. Fauconipz”. P. 22, line 2. Remove parenthesis from S. and W. P. 23, line 26. This bird is not the White-tailed Eagle; but the Osprey (C.B.!). Mr. Cooper has at Euston a White- tailed Eagle shot at Barnham (C.B.!). P. 38,. line 35. The Hardwick bird is the Honey Buzzard. P. 38, line 82. This Wangford is in Blything Hundred, District 2. P. 45, line 5. For Biddell read Bidwell. Insert in parenthesis after Mash zz dd7.: H. Turner in Z. 3rd 8. (1883) 180; E. Bidwell 7m Witt.; he gave it to Mr. Whitaker, of Rainworth Lodge, Mansfield, Notts, who has a fine collection of varieties. P. 57, line 15. Add after ‘‘notice”: but as this bird had had its leg broken, it was probably unable to emigrate. P. 61, line 14. Capt. James now thinks that this was the Golden-crested Wren. P. 76, line 3. Dele asterisk; this bird has been recently obtained in Norfoik and the Ipswich specimen need not have been called in question. 276 CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA. P. 100, line 5. Mr. E. Bidwell has increased the number to eighty-six, giving a list of them, see Trans. Worf. and Norwich Nat. Soc. iii., 526—6531. P,113. Note. or and probably still further on towards Mildenhall read Lakenheath, Wangford, LEriswell, and Mildenhall. Ditto. For wheat-lands read rye-lands. P. 114, line 7. For A. Newton read G. Ransome. P. 120, last line. For Vendenheym’s read Wurmser’s. P. 123. Note. For Heath read Warren. Ditto below. For Heaths read Warrens. P.127, line 32. For and has become rarer as the fen- land diminishes read and has been shot down of late years whenever it has appeared. P. 132, line 27. Cancel this line, and the reference to Newton; add: Mr. G. T. Rope observed a pair of Green Sandpipers at Blaxhall, in July and August, 1885, by the river side near Snape Bridge; he thinks that they probably bred there. Professor Newton believes that a pair bred one summer in a plantation at Elveden; the bird usually builds in trees. P. 159, line 35. After Orwell, add: in the winter about 1875 (Podd v.v.). P.221. After line 32 add: 8. One (Greater Black-backed Gull) shot at Fornham St. Martin, recently (L. Travis v.v., 1886). Pe bo9, After line 20, add: 8. One (Lesser Black-backed Gull) shot at Livermere, a very fine adult bird, March 26, 1886 (L: Travis vv. C. Bd). P. 240, line 4. Dele asterisk ; I now believe there was no reason to question the Mildenhall example. ABBREVIATIONS. Paget, Y.—Natural History of Yarmouth, by C. J. and James Paget. Stev. B. of N.—Birds of Norfolk, by H. Stevenson. There are other abbreviations of the same kind, which will be readily understood. INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. PAGE. PAGE. AccENTOR, Alpine 233 Crake, Baillon’s FAG, 3 Hedge 58 e COlWs fees Sera as Auk, Great (note) 207 sy uatbtlesy ‘ass a. ) 168 sp ekattle:, vi. Lae 206 » Spotted... ven JE Avocet 126, 253 Crane, Common ice? VL Creeper = ee Ge BEE-EATER 101 Crossbill, Common ” 252 Bernicle Goose 176 » Parrot 234. Bittern, Common 24 860 . White-winged.. 234 ay -Little:.:. 1638, 253 Crow, Carrion . ae knsle Blackbird 51 » Hooded... 89, 252 Blackcap és 57 » Red- legged (note)... 87 Black Grouse ... 107 5» Royston.. 89, 252 Brambling 77 Cuckoo, Common Meine ao Bullfinch 84 Curlew, Common shou LL Bunting, Cirl ... 76 » Hsquimaux saat eae b » Common 75 J+. WLOME «2. decay MRA 5, Lapland 73 » Ortolan 76 DABCHICK 208 am veed: 75 Dipper : “48, 250 » Suow “14, 25k », Black- breasted 49 (note), 250 » Yellow LO Diver, Black-throated ... 198 Bustard, Great... world WE », Great Northern ... 197 saa luittle 113, 253 » Red-throated fot ROS Butcher-bird (see Shrike) 5 White-billed 246, 254 _Bazzard; Common - ... 82 Dotterel 119, 253 » Honey 35, 249 » Ringed cdo, bal » Moor 37, 250 Dove, Ring 104, 252 » Rough-legged 34, 249 Fr Rock 106 (note), 252 +) LORK alae Lie Oe CAPERCAILLIE (note) 107 oy, teeurbles ss: pee LOG Chaffinch : ach ee Duck, Buffel-headed ... 245 Chiff Chaff 60 i Eider ... 0 19S Chough (note)... 87 a, peinerrusimous |) 252) US Colin, Virginian 238 (note) 254 » Gadwall 181, 253 Coot .. 169 » Garganey x LSS Cormorant, Common 208 . Golden-eye ee thee 9 Crested 209 » Harlequin .. 245 Corn Crake 165 » ..King (mote) ... 245 Courser, Cream- goloured... 239 F Long-tailed aaah ROO 278 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. PAGE. Duck, Nyroca (see Ferru- ay aoe oa Pintail.. elisa Pochard Sipe uel et) - Red-crestcd fet oa h Scaup ... i 167 5 Scoter ... 191, 254 i Shoveller aoe aoe s Summer (note) ... 245 _ Teal Ker) (OS ea 4 ‘ Tufted... ova A168 Hi Velvet ... Oe > Wigeon 184, 254 a Waldeices ager diell Dunlin ‘Ge sotde, 9 Eaaus, Golden... See | » White-tailed bre |) We Egret, Great White ... 241 eon hithleas wa 242 Hider Duck ... eel 19S Fancon, Greenland ... 230 3 Gyra-- 231, 254 + Peregrine Hae 25 i Red-footed ... 231 Fieldfare Nag 50, 250 Finch, Bramble Gab? RMMG: Fos ESUBL #! ahs ae (hd: me AG OLGy use sae os Peer GMeen lcs. Nes (OD PETAL s.ks SOG » Mountain cee Oda Serin ... see) 248 Fire: crested Wren pee (59) | Flycatcher, Pied Ast) peek ” Byatt Peru weeks Fulmar : 225, 254 GADWALL aaa 181, 253 Gallinule, Baillon’s beeCy WbY, 5 Common meee) 68 ie Little tac 68 + Spotted si. 66 Gannet ad bee 20 Garganey 4 <=» 185 Goatsucker _.... wd 103 Godwit, Bar-tailed 150, 253 » Black-tailed 15¢, 253 Golden-crested Wren ... 61 Golden-eye... ... is. 8 Goldfinch ae see, RS Goosander att Let ae Goose, Bean... ve ¢ ie » Bernicle io. a6 o> peTeNt,. Lac ok eG of) Wanadalzs nr 6, » Hgyptian son Vala » Grey Lag Be 7.2) 55. ene footed me White-fronted ... 175 Goshawk ait 30,249 Grebe, Lared ... Bee (13) ms Great Crested ... 200 >. » Homed we.) DOR > rdlaithleresr at ABS a Red-necked aise! | ZiOH . Sclavonian sts | BOR Greenfinch ae oo eu Greenshank ... wisty Le Grosbeak, Pine scone ee Grouse, Black ... ~ si de MOM 5 Red (note) «oe (eal 5 2 pend vesek Ow Guillemot, Black od OS 5 Briinnich’s ... 246 " Common 207, 254 5 Ringed 33 BOR Gull, Black- headed ose ayaeilen » Common.. ssong tenes »» Glaucous.. os ty ae a GreatBlack- backed 221,276 45 Herring“. "219 i Iceland ... 218, 254 » Kittiwake PALE », LesserBlack- backed222, 276 fo Uiitile: ies: ste 216 Sabine’s ... on ee Gyr- -Falcon 231, 254 Harrier, Hen wis) ie a Marsh 37, 250 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. PAGE. Harrier, samaie ef S 39, 250 Hawfinch roa Hedge Sparrow 53 Heron, Common 157 » Great White 241 », Little White 242 » “Night ... 160 age Urple st 159 »» Squacco 242 Herring Gull ... 219 Hobby eat 27 » Red-legged in. 2ol Honey Buzzard 35, 249 Hoopoe eer rd Ipis, Glossy 153 J ACKDAW 91 Jack Snipe 149 TOY: a>. 93 KESTREL ta 29 King Duck (note) 245 Kingfisher, Common 101 Kite... Ae 31, 249 Kittiwake 217 Knot 136 LANDRAIL 165 Lapwing 119 Lark, Shore 72 +i, Sky 71 5, Wood 72 Linnet, Common 79 » Mountain 79 MAGPIE 92 Mallard, or Wild Duck . 180 Martin, House 102 4 USand ... 102 Merganser, Hooded . 246 i Red-breasted 195 Merlin 28, 249 Misseltoe Thrush 50 Moorhen 168 2n 279 PAGE. NIGHTINGALE ... 57 Nightjar 103 Nutcracker 235 Nuthatch 62 ORIOLE, Golden 47 Ortolan a= A nAO Osprey 23, 249 Ouzel, Ring 51, 250 3 -Waterbit.s 48, 250 », Black-breasted Water 49 (note), 250 Owl, Barn an coat) 1 40) » Hagle 233 » Little 232 », Long-eared 41 » Mottled (note) 232 5) (SCOPS! ces 232 » Short-eared 41 55 Snowy 231 » Tawny 40 » Lengmalm’s 233 White 40 Oyster-catcher me 125 PARTRIDGE, Barbary 238 (note), 254 Fe Grey 108, 253 Js Red-legged ... 108 Pastor, Rose-coloured 86, 252 Peewit : ee Peregrine ts 25 Petrel, Leach’s... 220 3° J Sobor (2. 226 0 Wilson's 248 Phalarope, Grey 144 , Red-necked 4 145 Pheasant ; 106, 252 Pigeon, Rock 106 (note), 252 bop te? HOCK ces wwe O04 » Wood..:. 104, 252 Pintail aa 183 Pipit, Meadow ... 70 5 Richard’s 70 », mock 70, 251 » ree 69 280 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. PAGE. PAGE. Plover, Golden... 116 Sandpiper, Curlew 137 oy ep ROR: ea. 114 is Dunlin 139 Ba Greene 119 me Green 131 Son GLOY, ices 118 ‘3 Little 141 » Kentish 123 3 Pectoral 240 » Norfolk 114 Purple ws Las Ringed 121 33 Spotted 240 Pochard, Common 185 5 Temminck’s ... 142 < Red- crested 244 Wood 132, 253 Pratincole, Collared 239 Scaup sae!) Puffin oe 204 Scoter, Common 191, 254 » Velvet . 192 QUAIL ne 109, 253 Serin £5: 249 Shag ave 208 Rai, Land 165 Shearwater, Dusky (note) e Ldattle 168 Manx . 225 » Spotted... 166 Sheldrake, Common 179 » Water 164 ss Ruddy 244 Raven Si, 2oz Shoveller snes ae Razorbill ce. 0D Shrike, Great Grey 42, 250 Redbreast ee 53, 250 », Pallas’Grey 48 (note) aa Red Grouse (note) 107 » Red-backed sats Redpoll, Lesser eau 80 » Woodchat is ms Mealy 80, 251 Siskin 78 Redshank, Common 1380, 253 Skua, Buffon’s. 8: 224 as Dusky 129 » Great 222 Redstart, Common Se 5s) » Pomatorhine 224 a Black 53, 250 » Richardson’s 223 Redwing oes 50, 250 Sky Lark ae Reed Warbler ... 56 Smew 193 Reeve 133 Snipe, Common we) 24S Reeulus, Fire- crested tw gol » Great 146, 253 »» Golden-crested .. 61 ayn) CK ae 149 Ring Dove 104, 252 » Red-breasted 241 Ring Ouzel 51, 250 » sabine’s... 148 Robin 53, 250 Sparrow, Hedge 53 Rock Dove (note) 106, 252 » House 82 Roller 100, 252 4 reer. 81 Rook... 90, 252 Sparrowhawk ... 30 Ruff ... 135 Spoonbill : sien) Ee Starling,American Meadow 235 SANDERLING 143 » Common 86, 252 Sandgrouse, Pallas’ 236 » Red-winged (note) 235 Sandpiper, Broad-billed ... 240 Stilt, Black-winged 239 oe Buff-breasted... 289 Stint, Little 141 55 Common 135 », Lemminck’s 142 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES. 281 PAGE. Stonechat ae sda ee Stone Curlew ... sooo ile! Stork, Black ... see) 2A: pa WHILE ace oes, ULO6 Storm Petrel ... meee Swallow eee Be, oO? Swan, Bewick’s... Seed VAs » Black (note) say O42 ee eLUbE 00 ae he eaPolish, ... ue NAS », Lrumpeter By OAS peer Wilds a ses ee. LO Swift, Alpine ... cat “ZOO » Common Seno e HOD TEAL oa .. 184 Tern, Arctic ... eae Se Ese | oa Ben AS » Caspian ... Pneet ,, Common... pay ee » Gull-billed ot La » Lesser 213, 254 » Roseate ... Prem iY- », sandwich ca abe White-winged Black 247 Thrush, Misseltoe sate pt) Pe SNOne.... 50, 250 a White's .. 249 Titmouse, Bearded 64, 251 is Blue Mee GS e Coal wee OS 3 Crested . 63, 251 . Great Bho ues - Long-tailed ... 64 a Marsh ne 54 Turnst one, Bee coe (ee Turtle Dove... x. LOG Twite ae ROY i) WacrtalL, Grey 68, 251 a Grey-headed 69, 251 ‘ Pied 68 - Ray’s, or Yellow 69 Wagtail, White -. 248 Warbler, Blackcap Peo » Blue-throated ... 2383 » Dartford 59, 251 » Grarden Re AG » Grasshopper 55, 251 » Marsh soo. 204 ys need aa: ade 0 » Savi’s (note) ... 56 » Sedge Bee OG » Willow 5 G0 Wood 59 Waters Ouzel “48, 250 ,», Black-breasted As(note),250 reese | ae 164 Waxwing we "65, 251 Wheatear fee eit ipo Whidah Bird (note) ... 248 Whimbrel use 152, 253 Whinchat Bice sok) Vee Whitethroat, Common ... 58 3 Lesser «tae 85S Whooper on) DEAD Wigeon oe 184, 254 Woodchat ade cacy) (2D Woodcock ods 146, 253 Wood Lark ... See eae Woodpecker, Green care oe » Great Spotted ... 94 », LesserSpotted .. 96 Wood Pigeon ... 104, 252 Wren, Common ; 61 » Fire-crested Vo) Ok » Golden-crested ... 61 ss0 RENCE yee