"L'l E> RARY OF THE UN IVLRSITY OF ILLINOIS FX v. . 2. CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its renewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped Fee for TO RENEW CAU TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 , - UNIVERSITY Of IU,NO.S UBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPA ,r.M — — — -•• __ , __ 13" When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. L162 9 cop. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION 234 ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS Initiated by CHARLES B. CORY Late Curator of Zoology Continued by CHARLES E. HELLMAYR Associate Curator of Birds PART IV FURNARIIDAE - DENDROCOLAPTIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD Curator, Department of Zoology EDITOR CHICAGO, U. S. A. December 29, 1925. 4*4 THE LIBRARY OF THE * FEB171938 UNIVERSE OF THE LIBRARY OF TKE UNIVERSITY OF IU»" 8 5 S «• an t II FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATION 234 ZOOLOGICAL SERIES VOL. XIII CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS IN FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA, MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST INDIES. AND ISLANDS OF THE CARRIBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO, AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE IN- CLUDED ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES Initiated by CHARLES B. CORY Late Curator of Zoology v Continued by CHARLES E. HELLMAYR Associate Curator of Birds PART IV FURNARIIDAE - DfiNDROCOLAPTIDAE WILFRED H. OSGOOD Curator, Department of Zoology EDITOR CHICAGO, U. S. A. December 29, 1925. THE LIBRARY OF THF FEB171938 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS FX , CONTENTS Orders, Families and Genera included in Part IV ORDER PASSERIFORMES "0 SUBORDER MESOMYODI FAMILY FURNARIIDAE (Oven-birds) Subfamily FURNARIINAE . ." Geobates Swainson ............... i Geositta Swainson ................ 2 .' Furnarius Vieillot ................. 14 Coryphistera Burmeister ........... 25 Clibanornis Sclater and Salvin ...... 26 Cinclodes Gray ................... 27 Upucerthia Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire . . . 41 Enicornis Gray ................... 51 Chilia Salvadori ................... 52 Limnornis Gould .................. 53 Limnoctites Hettmayr .............. 54 Subfamily SYNALLAXINAE Sylviorthorhynchus DesMurs ....... 54 Aphrastura Oberholser ............. 55 Phleocryptes Cabanis and Heine. ... 57 Leptasthenura Reichenbach ......... 60 Dendrophylax Hellmayr ........... 70 Schizoeaca Cabanis ................ 71 Schoeniophylax Ridgway ........... 73 Oreophylax Hellmayr .............. 74 Synallaxis Vieillot. . ............... 75 Poecilurus Todd .................. 1 10 Certhiaxis Lesson ................. 112 Cranioleuca Reichenbach ........... 116 Siptornopsis Cory .................. 132 Asthenes Reichenbach .............. 133 Thripophaga Cabanis .............. 154 Drioctistes Ridgway ............... 156 Phacellodomus Reichenbach ......... 157 Siptornis Reichenbach .............. 166 Xenerpestes Berlepsch ............. 166 Metopothrix Sclater and Salvin ..... 167 Anumbius Lafresnaye and D'0rbignyi68 Subfamily MARGARORNITHINAE Margarornis Reichenbach ........... 170 Premnornis Ridgway 173 Premnoplex Cherrie 173 Subfamily PHILYDORINAE Pseudocolaptes Reichenbach 176 Berlepschia Ridgway 181 Pseudoseisura Reichenbach 181 Hyloctistes Ridgway 185 Ancistrops Sclater 187 Anabazenops Lafresnaye 187 Xenoctistes Hettmayr 188 Xenicopsoides Cory 195 Philydor Spix 199 Automolus Reichenbach 210 Hylocryptus Chapman 226 Cichlocolaptes Reichenbach 226 Heliobletus Reichenbach 227 Thripadectes Sclater 228 Xenops Illiger 232 Microxenops Chapman 243 Megaxenops Reiser 243 Pygarrhicus Burmeister 244 Subfamily SCLERURINAE Sclerurus Swainson 245 Lochmias Swainson 256 FAMILY DENDROCOLAPTIDAE (Wood-hewers) Dendrocolaptes Hermann 259 Dendrexetastes Eyton 273 Hylexetastes Sclater 274 Xiphocolaptes Lesson 276 Dendroplex Swainson 288 Xiphorhynchus Swainson 293 Lepidocolaptes Reichenbach 318 Campylorhamphus Bertoni 339 Nasica Lesson 348 Drymornis Eyton 349 Glyphorynchus Wied 350 Sittasomus Swainson 354 Deconychura Cherrie 361 Dendrocincla Gray 363 LIST OF NEW NAMES PROPOSED IN PART IV ChUia melanura atacamae subsp. nov 53 Limnoctites genus nov 54 Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov 61 Dendrophylax genus nov 70 Oreophylax genus nov 74 Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov 138 Asthenes d'orbignyi consobrina subsp. nov 142 Asthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov 144 Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov 159 Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov 160 Xenoctistes nom. nov 188 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov 280 Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov 290 IV CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS Continuation by Charles E. Hellmayr PART IV ORDER PASSERIFORMES— Continued. Suborder MESOMYODI— Continued. FAMILY FURNARIIDAE. OVEN-BlRDS. Subfamily FURNARIINAE. Genus GEOBATES Swainson. Geobates SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 322, Dec. 1837 — type Geobates brevicauda Anthus poecilopterus WIED. Geobates poecilopterus (Wied). LARK-LIKE MINER. Anthus poecilopterus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (i), p. 633, 1831 — Campos Geraes, interior of Brazil, on the confines of Minas Geraes and Bahia. Geobates poecilopterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 205, pi. 21 — crit., descr., Minas Geraes, S. Paulo, Ypanema; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — camp four miles from city of Sao Paulo, road to Sorocaba, Ypanema, Regis- tro Velho, Paranapitanga, Itarare, State of Sao Paulo; Sao Domingos, Minas Geraes; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., p. 386, 1870 — Lagoa Santa, Uberaba, Paracatu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 4, 1890 — Sao Domingos, Chapada; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. viii, 1889; idem, I.e., 3, p. 201, 1891 (Wied's types); idem, I.e., 5, p. no, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 210, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 227, 1907 — Batataes, Sao Paulo; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 43, 1906 — Sao Paulo. Geobates brevicauda SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 322, 1837 — Brazil. Anthus fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) BURMEISTER, Syst. tfbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 120, 1856 — Campos of Brazil. Range: Campos districts of Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes, Sao Paulo, and Matto Grosso. 2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Genus GEOSITTA Swainson*. GeosiUa SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 317, 1837 — generic characters; type by subs, desig. (SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 323, Dec. 1837) Geositta anthoides SWAINSON = Alauda fissirostris KITTLITZ. Geobamon BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — type by monotypy Geobamon rufipennis BURMEISTER. Saxilauda PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 67 (in text), 1865 — type Geobamon fasciata PHILIPPI and LANDBECK. *Geositta cunicularia cunicularia ( Vieilloi). COMMON MINER. Alauda cunicularia VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., i, p. 369, 1816 — based on Azara No. 148: "Aux environs de la riviere de la Plata et dans les pampas de Buenos Aires." Certhttauda cunicularia LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool. 7, cl. 2, p. 71, 1837 — part, Buenos Aires, Maldonado; d'ORBiGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois, p. 358, pi. 43, fig. i, 1847 — part, Buenos Aires, S. Pedro, Maldonado, Patagonia (spec, examined). Furnarius cunicularius DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 65, 1839 — part, La Plata, northern Patagonia. GeosiUa cunicularia BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 149, 1860 — "near Men- doza" (?) and Parana; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 465, 1861 — same locali- ties (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, examined); STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 264, 1869 — Tablada Vieja, Buenos Aires, and Est. San Juan (breeding habits); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 178 — Baradero, Prov. Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p 395 — Chubut valley; GIBSON, I.e., 1880, p. 13 — Cape San An- tonio, Prov Buenos Aires; DOERING, Inf. ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., 1 88 1, p. 43 — south to the Rio Negro; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 203, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Bahia Blanca; GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 — Paysandii, Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, p. 165, 1888 — part, excl. Chile; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 5, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, Maldonado, Buenos Aires; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p.2oi — Est. Espartillar, Prov. Buenos Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894, P- *8i — Uruguay; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 711, 1898 — part, No. 325,359 ex Punta Arenas (spec, examined); IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined); CRAW- SHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 72, 1907 — Sara Settlement; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 125 — Tuyu, Los Ynglases, Prov. Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 286, 1910 — part, Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Cordoba, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 405 — Cape San *• Although the species vary much in length and shape of their bills, further sub- division of the genus appears to be impracticable. If Geobamon is recognized, the slender-billed G. tenuirostris and the thick-billed, stout-legged G. crassirostris will likewise have to be separated genetically. *Species marked with an asterisk are represented by specimens in Field Museum of Natural History. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 3 Antonio, Prov. B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Maldon- ado, Canelones, San Jose", Flores, Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios (breeding); GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 72 — Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167 — Zelaya, Rio Lujdn. Geositta tenuirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 609 — Salto, Prov. Buenos Aires. Geositta cunicularia cunicularia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — part, spec, j-p, Patagonia, Buenos Aires, Mal- donado; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206, 1909 — La Soledad, Entrerios, Bahia Blanca; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 117, 1919 — monog., part, excl. Chile; MARELLI, Mem. Ministr. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 638, 1924 — part, Buenos Aires and Entrerios. Geositta rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 710. 1898 — part, No. 360,364, Punta Arenas (spec, examined). Range: Eastern Argentina, from provinces of Entrerios and Cordo- ba south to the Straits of Magellan, and Tierra del Fuego; Uruguay; Prov. Rio Grande do Sul, southern BraziK i: Argentina (San Roman, F. C. S., Prov. Buenos Aires i). *Geositta cunicularia fissirostris (Kittlitz)b. CHILIAN MINER. Alauda fissirostris KITTLITZ, Me"m. Acad. Sci. St. Pe"tersb., (sav. e"tr.), 2, p. 468, Vog. Chili, pi. 3, Aug. 1835 — Valparaiso, Chile (type in Petrograd Museum examined); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 19, 1921 (note on type). Alauda nigro-fasciata LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 6, el. 2, text to pi. 58-59, p. 6, 1836 — Chile (type in Paris Museum examined). Geositta antho'ides SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 323, Dec. 1837 — Chile. * Specimens from Entrerios, Uruguay, and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco) are practically identical with a good series from Buenos Aires (Conchitas, San Roman, Bahia Blanca). Among Burmeister's examples in the Halle Museum, there is one adult, said to be from "Mendoza," which is likewise referable to G. c. cunicularia. The locality appears to me questionable, since other skins from Mendoza prove to belong to another race. It should be mentioned, however, that Dabbene (Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 123, 1919) also refers some specimens from Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza to G. c. cunicularia. Birds from southeastern Patagonia (Coy Riv,er) and Straits of Magellan (Punta Arenas, Gregory Bay) are slightly paler, more grayish brown above, with the buffy- white bases of the upper tail coverts more extensive, and less coarsely spotted on the chest, thus pointing to G. cunicularia hellmayri. Twenty-nine specimens ex- amined. b Geositta cunicularia fissirostris (KITTLITZ) : Differs from G. c. cunicularia by grayish brown rather than earthy brown upper parts, more whitish, less buffy lower surface with heavier, deeper blackish markings on chest, and by the blackish sub- terminal band on the inner remiges being generally wider as well as more sharply de- nned. In coloration of upper tail coverts it agrees with G. c. cunicularia. Wing (males) 88-96, (females) 87-92; tail 49-56; bill 17-18, exceptionally (one male from Quirihue', one unsexed from Coronel) even 20. Although single examples are not always distinguishable, the Chilean form, taken as a whole, seems fairly separable. Twenty-four specimens examined. 4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Furnarius cunicularius DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 65, 1839 — part, central Chile, south to Conception. Geositta canicularia (sic) BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 94, 1841 — Chile, betw. 34° and 35° s. lat. Geositta (Furnarius) canicularia (sic) FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. in, 1843 — central provinces of Chile. Certhilauda cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 59, 1865 — prov. Colchagua, Santiago, and Aconcagua (habits). Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, p. 499 — Coquimbo; SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1881, p. 8 — Coquimbo; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Coquimbo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 5, 1890 — part, spec, f-q, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Santiago. Geositta cunicularia cunicularia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — part, spec, a-i, q-v, Talcahuano, Valparaiso, Santiago, San Alfonso (Quillota); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 117, 1919 — part, Chile. Range: Central Chile, from southern Atacama (Domeyko, 63 kilom. s. of Vallenar) to Concepcion. 18 : Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 2 ; Romero, Prov. Coquimbo 7 ; Quirihue, Prov. Maule 2; Concepcion 5, "Chile" 2). *Geositta cunicularia deserticolor Hellmayr*. DESERT-COLORED MINER. Geositta cunicularia deserticolor HELLMAYR, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 72, April 1924 — Caldera, Prov. Atacama, Chile. Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., • Geositta cunicularia deserticolor HELLMAYR: Similar to G. c. fissirostris, but very much paler throughout; upper parts sandy or buffy gray instead of grayish brown; edges to wing coverts and tertials buffy whitish rather than sandy buff; cinnamomeous wing-bar decidedly paler; superciliaries, sides of head and neck light creamy rather than bright buff; under parts almost pure white, with just a faint creamy wash across chest and along flanks; dusky brown markings on chest much less pronounced; axillars, under wing-coverts and quill-lining conspicuously paler; basal half of rectrices much paler cinnamon. Wing (six specimens) 87-90; tail 48-50; bill 17.5-18.5 I first met with this strongly marked form, many years ago, in the Vienna Museum. There were male and female, obtained by H. Whitely jr. at Islay, coast of Arequipa, Peru, in that institution, but owing to the absence of proper material of the allied G. c. frobeni for comparison I then refrained from naming it. Recently, I have found two adult males from Cocachacra (near Islay) in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, which agree perfectly with our birds from Caldera. G. c. deserticolor resembles G. c. frobeni, of the Temperate highlands of southern Peru and Bolivia, in the pale cinnamon basal portion of the tail; but besides being smaller, it differs by sandy gray (instead of rufescent earthy- brown) upper parts, much paler and more whitish wing markings, whitish (not buff) sides of head and under surface, with the dusky chest-stripes decidedly more developed, and particu- larly by having the upper tail coverts sandy gray like the back instead o f buffy- white. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 5 1867, p. 985 — Islay, coast of Arequipa, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — western Peru = Islay. Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 6, 1890 — part, spec, c-f, Islay, Peru; (?) PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888— Brea, Chile. Range : Arid littoral of northern Chile (Prov. Atacama) and south- western Peru (Prov. Arequipa). 9: Chile (Caldera, Prov. Atacama 9). *Geositta cunicularia hellmayri Peters*. HELLMAYR'S MINER. Geositta cunicularia hellmayri PETERS, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 145, 1925 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (type examined). Geositta fissirostris (not of KITTLITZ) BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 465, 1861 — Sierra de Uspallata, near Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum ex- amined). Geositta cunicularia cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 312, 1923 — Huanuluan, Maquinchao, Rio Negro. Geositta cunicularia frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 123, 1919 — part, prov. Mendoza and Catamarca. Range : Western Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza and San Juan, and in western section of Gob. del Rio Negro (Lake Nahuel Huapi, Huanuluan, Maquinchao). 2: Argentina (Huanuluan 2). *Geositta cunicularia frobeni (Philippi and Landbeck)b. FROBEN'S MINER. CerthUauda Frobeni PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2, p. 411, Sept. 1864 — Putre, alt. 10,000 ft., "Peru" = Prov. Tacna; idem, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 62, 1865 (reprint in German). » Geositta cunicularia hellmayri PETERS: Intermediate between G. c. fissirostris, of Chile and G. c. frobeni, of Jujuy and Bolivia. In general tone of upper and under parts it is not unlike the Chilean form, but differs in larger size, mostly creamy white upper tail coverts, lesser development of dusky spotting on chest, and paler cinnamomeous basal portion of tail. It agrees with G. c. frobeni in size, col- oration of upper tail coverts and reduced dusky chest-striping, but has much paler, sandy grayish brown rather than earthy brown upper parts. From G. c. cunicularia it may be distinguished by decidedly paler, more grayish upper parts, much more white on upper tail coverts, less buffy under surface, paler as well as more extensive light basal portion of tail, and larger size. Wing (nine adult males) 97-101, once only 94, (four adult females) 95-99; tail 54-58; bill 17.5-19, twice 20. An adult male from Mendoza (U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 237188) and another from Sierra de Uspallata, Prov. Mendoza (Halle Museum, coll. H. Burmeister) are identical in coloration with the series from Huanuluan, Rio Negro, but average slightly larger (wing 101, 103; tail 59, 59; bill 18.5-19). Birds from Maquinchao form the transition to G. c. cunicularia. Eighteen specimens examined. b Geositta cunicularia frobeni (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Differs from G. c. cuni- cularia, fissirostris and deserticolor particularly by entirely buffy white upper tail- coverts, lesser development of dusky spotting on chest, and paler, buffy or even whitish instead of cinnamomeous basal portion of tail. Wing (nine males) 94-101, (three females) 90-94; tail (male) 53-59i once 63, (female) 51-55; bill 17.5-19. Seventeen specimens examined. 6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Geositta (Certhilauda) frobeni PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 29, pi. 21, fig. i, 1902 — Putre. Certhilauda cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 71, 1837 — part, Cochabamba, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined); d'ORBiGNY, Voyage Am£r. mend., Ois., p. 358, 1847 — part, La Paz, Cochabamba, Bolivia. (?)Geositta cunicularia LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tafi, Prov. Tucuman, alt. 2,200 metr. ; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — same locality. Geositta cunicularia cunicularia HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206, 1909 — part, Cerro de Jujuy, alt. 2,400 metr. Geositta frobeni TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 95, 1884 (ex PHILIPPI and LAND- BECK) ; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, note, 1889 — Andahuaylas, Dept. Ayacucho (crit.)- Geositta cunicularia frobeni MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 44, 1906 — Andes of Arequipa and Cochabamba, Bolivia (crit.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno, Peru; MENE- GAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10) I, p. 215, 1909 — part, spec, from Pach- uras Pazna, Lake Poopo, Bolivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 123, 1919 — part, excl. Mendoza and San Juan (monog.). Range: Temperate Zone (from 6000 ft. upwards) of the Andes in southern Peru (depts. Ayacucho, Arequipa, and Puno), Bolivia (depts. La Paz, Oruro, and Cochabamba), northwestern Chile (Prov. Tacna), and northwestern Argentina (Prov. Jujuy, and probably Tucuman) ». 2: Peru (Puno, Dept. Puno 2). *Geositta cunicularia juninensis Taczanowskfi. JUNIN MINER. Geositta cunicularia juninensis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 93, 1884 — vicinity of Junin, Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 370 — Banos, Ingapirca, Dept. Junin. Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 524 — Junin. Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., I5» P- 6, 1890 — part, spec, d, e, Junin. Range: Plateau of Junin, Peru. 3: Peru (Junin 3). a No specimens from Tacna or Tucuman seen. A single adult male from La Qui- aca, Jujuy, is just a slight shade paler above than a series from Peru (Puno, Lake Titicaca) and Bolivia (Chililaya, Guaqui, Cochabamba, Oruro). b Geositta cunicularia juninensis TACZANOWSKI : Similar to G. c. frobeni in buff y white upper tail-coverts and basal portion of rectrices; but with slenderer bill, paler, more grayish upper parts, and markings on chest either wholly absent or reduced to obsolete, pale brown spots. Wing (three males) 91, 97, 97, (two females) 90, 91; tail (male) 57-58.5, (female) 52, 54; bill 17.5-18.3. Five specimens from Junin examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 7 *Geositta punensis Dabbene*. PUNA MINER. Geositta punensis DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 54, March 1917 — La Quiaca, Prov. Jujuy, Argentina; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 141, 1919 — Sierra del Caj<5n, Salta; La Quiaca, Jujuy; Prov. Catamarca (monog.). Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Sacaya, Sitana, Prov. Tarapaca (spec, examined); PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Pastes Largos, Prov. Atacama, Chile; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 449 — Moreno, Puna de Jujuy (crit.). Geositta frobeni (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 6, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Tarapaca; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 36 — Sacaya (spec, examined). Geositta cunicularia frobeni MENEGAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10), I, p. 215, 1909 — part, Tacora, Tacna (spec, examined). Range: Puna Zone of northwestern Argentina (prov. Cata- marca, Salta, and Jujuy), northern Chile (from Tacna to Atacama), and western Bolivia (Oruro). 13: Chile (20 miles east of San Pedro, 12,600 ft. 8, Ojo de San Pedro i, Rio Inacaliri, 12,800 ft., Prov. Antofagasta 2; La Cuevas, Prov. Tacna 2). Geositta antarctica Landbeckb. SHORT-BILLED MINER. Geositta antarctica LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 46 (i), p. 274, pi. 12, 1880 — Tierra del Fuego; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, 1890 — Elizabeth Isl., a Geositta punensis DABBENE, an exceedingly distinct species, differs from G. cuni- cularia frobeni found in the same region, by shorter, weaker, apically much more curved bill, pinkish cinnamon (instead of buffy white) upper tail-coverts, and by lacking every trace of spotting on the chest. From G. rufipennis fasciata it can easily be told by much smaller size, very differently-shaped bill, and the absence of rufous under the wing and on the flanks. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL One male, La Quiaca, Jujuy 87 50 16 One male, Lago Blanco, Catamarca 90 53 18 Two males, Tacna 94, 96 58, 59 16, 16 Four males, Antofagasta 89-92 51-57 15-16 Two males, Oruro, Bolivia 92, 92 55, 56 14.5, 16 Seven females, Antofagasta S6-92/ 51-57 14.5-16 One female, Oruro, Bolivia 89.5 52 15 The Oruro birds, courteously lent by the Carnegie Museum, are identical with those from Antofagasta while the topotype from La Quiaca, Jujuy is very slightly more buffy above. The male from Catamarca is much paler, more sandy and has a much larger bill. b Geositta antarctica LANDBECK: In general appearance not unlike G. c. cunicu- laria, but immediately recognizable by much longer wings and straighter as well as shorter bill, by having very little, if any dusky spotting on the chest, and by the differ- ent coloration of the wings. The bright tawny area on the basal portion of the quills, 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Straits of Magellan; PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 32, pi. 22, fig. 2, 1902 — Tierra del Fuego; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 127, 1919 — Bahia Porvenir, Tierra del Fuego; La Paz, Prov. Mendoza (monog., range); (?) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Valle de los Piuquenes, Chile. Geositta longipennis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 133, 1890 — Eliza- beth Isl., Straits of Magellan (type in U. S. Nat. Museum examined); DAB- BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 (ex RIDGWAY). Geositta brevirostris SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. Ixiii, 1900 — Mount Tigre, Patagonia (type) and "Central Chile" (spec, in Brit. Museum examined); SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, (2) 20, p. 617, 1900 — Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Geositta cunicularia (not of VIEILLOT) SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza (spec, now in U. S. Nat. Museum examined). Geositta sp. REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 29, 1916 — La Paz, Prov. Mendoza. Range : Tierra del Fuego, southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Mount Tigre) and Straits of Magellan (Elizabeth Island) ; also recorded from western Argentina (Alto Verde, La Paz, Prov. Mendoza ; Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut) and "Central Chile"'. *Geositta isabellina (Philippi and Landbeck)*. ISABELLINE MINER. Certhilauda isabellina PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2, p. 412, Sept. 1864 — Cordilleras of Prov. Santiago, Valle Largo and Los so conspicuous a feature in the allied G. c. cunicularia, is but slightly suggested by a dull isabelline tinge on the inner web of the second to the fifth or sixth primary while the remaining primaries and the secondaries are nearly uniform drab brown, without a distinct dusky subterminal band. Besides, the wing is more pointed, the first pri- nary falling between the third and fourth, instead of between the fourth and fifth as is invariably the case in G. cunicularia, and the light colored base of the lower mandible is less sharply defined, in young birds even obsolete. The upper tail-cov- erts are buffy white as in G. c. frobeni. Wing (four females) 103, 103, 106, 108; tail 57. 58, 60, 61; bill 13-14.5. Nine specimens examined. a The specimen from "Central Chile" (exact locality not stated) in the British Museum, marked by W. E. D. Scott "G. brevirostris, Cotype," I found to be identi- cal in every detail with an adult female, secured by L. Plate in January, 1895, at Punta Anegada, Tierra del Fuego, and perserved in the Berlin Museum. An un- sexed adult from Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza, July 6, 1913, obtained by Renato Sanzin, and an adult female taken by C. Reed near Mendoza in April 1915 (U. S. Nat. Museum Nos. 237189, 237187) agree, in proportions, shape of bill, and pattern of wings with the type of G. longipennis RIDGW., from Elizabeth Isl. The absence of the light base to the lower mandible in Ridgway's type is doubtless due to its imma- turity which, besides, is emphasized by certain color-characters (e.g. whitish streaks on forehead, and conspicuous white apical margins to the outer primaries) and the fluffy texture of the body plumage. I expect that both "Central Chile" and Mendoza will prove to be winter records. The breeding range of G. antarctica is probably restricted to southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. b Geositta isabellina (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Although not unlike G. cunicularia frobeni in general color, this is a very distinct species, immediately recognizable by its large size, and by lacking the dusky edges on the chest and the cinnamon-rufous 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 9 Piuquenes, at elev. of 7,000 to 10,000 ft.; idem, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 63, 1865 (German translation). Geositta isabellina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7 — Cordillera of Santiago; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 291, 1895 — Catamarca; GOSSE in FITZGERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 344, 1899 — Puente del Inca, Sierra de Mendoza; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Auttm, 19, p. 45, 1906 — Santiago; DAB- BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 — Mendoza, Catamarca; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 29, 1916 — Precordillera of Mendoza; DAB- BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 130, 1919 — monog., range; Santa Catalina, Prov. Jujuy; La Cuevas, Mendoza; (?) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — seen at Nilahue", Prov. Curic6, Chile. Geositta (Certhilauda) isabellina PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 31, pi. 22, fig. i, 1902 — Chile. Range : Andes of central Chile (from Prov. Coquimbo to Santiago) and western Argentina (prov. Mendoza, Catamarca, and Jujuy) a. i : Chile (Banos del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo i). *Geositta saxicolina Taczanowskib. BLACK-WINGED MINER. Geositta saxicolina TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 524 — Junin» Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 98, 1884 — plateau of Junin; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 8, 1890 — Junin; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 370 — Ingapirca, Macabamba near Tarma. Range : Plateau of Junin, Peru, i: Peru (Junin i). *Geositta peruviana peruviana Lafresnaye. LITTLE MINER. Geositta peruviana LAFRESNAYE", Rev. Zool., 10, p. 75, 1847 — vicinity of Lima; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — dusty plains of Lima; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, P- 524 — Lima; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 230 — Pacasmayo; idem, Orn. area on the basal portion of the outer web of the primaries. Wing 120-122 ; tail 65-66; bill 20-21. Ten specimens from Bafios del Toro, Coquimbo, and the Cordillera of Santiago, Chile, and three from Puente del Inca, Prov. Mendoza examined. a Three specimens from Puente del Inca, Mendoza, which were examined in the British Museum, agree with others from Chile. b Geositta saxicolina TACZ. : Differs from G. cunicularia juninensis TACZ., like- wise occurring in the Junin district, by longer wings and tail, straighter bill, decidedly darker upper parts, deep buff (instead of creamy- white) superciliaries, pure white axillars, under wing-coverts and inner quill-lining, and uniform blackish remiges. There is no trace of dusky markings on the chest. Wing (adult female) 106; tail 64; bill 16. 0 Lafresnaye's name, based on a single female obtained by Adolph Delattre, un- questionably refers to the present species (and not to G. maritima), as is evident from the description of the bill ("bee qui n'est pas jaune a sa base infe'rieure") , wings ("remigibus primariis [duabis primis exceptis] intus fere usque ad extremum pallide runs") and tail ("rectrices nigrae, prima laterali basi rufescente, limbo externo apice- que albis, secundo basi limboque externo basali rufescentibus"). io FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. P£r., 2, p. i oo, 1884 — Lima, Pacasmayo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., i, p. 8, 1890 — Lima; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 381 — Lima, Chorillos, Yea; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1899, p. 51 — type from Lima in Coll. Ac. N. Sci. Phila. ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 46, 1906 — Lima, Callao. Range: Arid littoral of Peru, from Prov. Yea north to Prov. Lib- ertad (Trujillo, Pacasmayo)8. 9: Peru (Trujillo i, Pacasmayo 8). Geositta peruviana paytae Menegaux and Hellmayr*. PAYTA MINER. Geositta paytae MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 46, 1906 — Payta, Dept. Piura, Peru. Geositta peruviana paytae BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 452, 1918 — Payta (crit.). Range: Arid littoral of northwestern Peru (Payta, Dept. Piura). *Geositta maritima (Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny)0. SHORE MINER. Certhilauda maritima LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 72, 1837 — Cobija, " Bolivia" = northern Chile (type in Paris Mus- eum examined); d'ORBiGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 360, pi. 44, fig. i, 1847 — Cobija. Geositta maritima TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 101, 1884 — Lima, Peru; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 47, 1906 — Cobija (crit.1. Range: Arid littoral of northern Chile (prov. Atacama, Anto- fagasta, and Tarapaca) and western Peru (Lima)d. • This form is possibly divisible into two local races, birds from the coast of Prov. Libertad (Pacasmayo, Viru) being decidedly paler, more sandy above, thus pointing to the still paler G. peruviana paytae. Most of our birds, however, appear to be im- mature, and one adult from Trujillo more nearly resembles four skins from Lima. More satisfactory material is required for definite conclusion. b Geositta peruviana paytae MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR: Similar to G. p.peruviana, but above conspicuously paler, about "drab gray", with the markings on wing-coverts and tertials, and superciharies more whitish, less buffy. Wing (six specimens) 77-79; tail 52.5-56; bill 14.5-15. • Geositta maritima (LAFRESNAYE and d'ORBiBNY) : Supercifically resembling G. p. peruviana, but bill more slender with the basal two- thirds of the lower mandible yellow (flesh-color in life), abruptly defined against the blackish tip; upper parts smoke gray instead of brownish gray; superciliaries and auriculars deeper, light pinkish cinnamon rather than buffy whitish; axillars, under wingcoverts, and an extensive area on the flanks light vinaceous cinnamon; remiges uniform mouse gray, without any rufous; outer web of outermost rectrix pale ochraceous buff instead of white; no light-colored zone at base of remaining rectrices or on inner web of outermost pair. Wing (thirteen males) 82-89, (three females) 82-86; tail 49-57; bill 14-15. Four specimens from Lima (Coll. American Museum of Natural History, New York) are slightly darker above, under the wings and on the flanks. d I cannot imagine what Geositta maritima REED (Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 29, 1916) from the "Precordillera of Mendoza" might possibly be. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. n 13: Chile (Domeyko, 63 kilom. s. of Vallenar 2, Caldera 2, Rama- dilla, Copiapo Valley, Prov. Atacama 3 ; Chintaguai, Prov. Tarapacd 6) . *Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (Burmeister}. RED-WINGED MINER. Ceobamon rufipennis BURMEISTER", Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — near "Parana, Entrerios," errore! (types in Halle Museum examined); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 465, 1861 — near "Parana"; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, p. 1 66, 1888 (ex BURMEISTER). Geositta rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7, 1890 — part, Argentina; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Santa Catalina, Jujuy; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 221, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — Cerro Munoz, Lara, Prov. Tucuman; HARTERT and VEN- TURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 206, 1909 — Tilcara, Prov. Jujuy; Sierras of Tucu- man; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910 — part, prov. Tucuman and Jujuy. Geositta rufipennis fasciata MENEGAUX and HELLMAVR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 45, 1906 — part, spec, e, Lara, Prov. Tucuman. Geositta rufipennis burmeisteri DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 55, March 1917 — El Volcan, Prov. Jujuy; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 137, 1919 — El Volcan, Maimara, Tilcara, Santa Catalina, Prov. Jujuy; Lara, Cerro Mufioz, Prov. Tucuman; Huancaya, Prov. Catamarca (monog.). Range: Andes of northwestern Argentina, in provinces of Catamarca, Tucuman, and Jujuy, at elevations of from 6,000 to 13,000 feet. 2: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 2). Geositta rufipennis subspA Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. * Much to my regret, I am unable to concur with R. Dabbene in his disposition of the name rufipennis. Some time after receiving his elaborate paper on the genera Geositta and Cinclodes, I once more borrowed from the Halle Museum the marked types of G. rufipennis and found them indistinguishable from specimens taken at Maimara (Jujuy) and Lara (Tucuman), for which M. Dabbene provides the new term burmeisteri. There are three specimens in the Museum, marked "Parana, Geobamon rufipennis Burm. Type" by Burmeister himself: one, an adult, stated to have been taken in July 1858, the others, young birds, in June 1858. According to the Museum registers, no other examples of the species were included in Burmeister's Argentine collection. The under parts of the adult bird are pale grayish buff (whitish on throat, more buffy on the abdomen), exactly as in one of the Maimara specimens, while the young birds, with their lighter creamy whitish lower surface, are more like a male from Lara, Prov. Tucuman. The term "rothlichgrau", used by Burmeister in the preliminary description (1860), corresponds well to the adult bird of the Halle Museum. The passage: "Unterseite weiss; die Brust gelbgrau uberlaufen," as given in the "Reise," can, without difficulty, be construed as a more exact expression of the same bird's actual coloration, the breast being, in fact, slightly more grayish buff than either throat or abdomen. Under these circumstances, I do not see how we can avoid using Burmeister's name rufipennis for the pale-bellied form of northwestern Argentina, and we accordingly suggest Sierra of Tucuman as type locality. b Geositta rufipennis subsp. : Three adult females (in worn breeding plumage) from Gob. del Rio Negro (two from Huanuluan, one from head of Arroyo Cumallo) 12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. B. Aires, 30, p. 132, 1919 — part, Leleque, Chubut; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo}., 65, p. 312, 1923 — El Escorial, Huanuluan, Talagapa, Gob. del Rio Negro. Range : Western Argentina, in the elevated districts of the provinces of Rio Negro (Huanuluan ; head of Arroyo Cumallo) and Chubut (Lele- que, Maiten). *Geositta rufipennis fasciata (Philippi and Landbeck}*. BANDED MINER. Geobamon fasciatus PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 25, Part 2, p. 415, Sept. 1864 — prov. Santiago and Colchagua, Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 31 (i), p. 68, 1865 (reprint in German). Geositta fasciata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 323 — Chile; GOSSE in FITZ- GERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 344, 1899 — Horcones and Cuevas Valleys, 12,000 ft., Aconcagua district, Prov. Mendoza (spec, examined). Geositta rufipennis (not of BURMEISTER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 7, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, g, Santiago, Chile, Bolivia; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 710, 1898 — part, No. 42, 86, Ovalle, Totoralillo, near Coquimbo. Geositta (Geobamon) rufipennis PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 30, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1902 — Chile. Geositta rufipennis fasciata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 45, 1906 — part, spec, a-d, Chile (crit.). Geositta rufipennis REED, El Hornero, i, p. 270, 1919 — Casa de Piedra, Prov. Mendoza (nest descr.). Geositta rufipennis rufipennis (errore) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 179, 1923 — Cordilleras of Aconcagua; Cerros de Reuca, Prov. Santiago. Range: Andes of Chile (south to Colchagua), western Bolivia (Oruro)b, and western Argentina (Prov. Mendoza) c. 24: Chile (Caldera 3, Quebrada del Leon, near Caldera 12, Dom- eyko, Prov. Atacama i , Romero i ; Bafios del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 5 ; Maipo i, San Bernardo, Prov. Santiago i). and a newly molted male from Maiten, Rio Chubut agree in size with G. r. rufipennis, of Jujuy, but the upper parts are gray without any brownish tinge, while the breast is more strongly shaded with grayish. They look different from typical rufipennis, as I understand it, but some of our Chilean specimens, notably those from Santiago run so very close in coloration that I do not venture to separate the form without more satisfactory material. Wing (male) no, (three females) 109, no, no; tail 61-65; bill 14.5-16. • Geositta rufipennis fasciata (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : Very similar to G. r. rufi- pennis, but smaller (wing 98-105 against 107-113; tail 57-63 against 62-68), and rufous under the wings and on flanks on average lighter. This is rather un unsatis- factory form, nearly all of its alleged characters proving to be variable. b An adult male and three immature birds taken by J. Steinbach at Oruro, Bolivia, in December 1921, and kindly loaned by the Carnegie Museum, are perfectly identi- cal with the Chilean series. c Three specimens from Puente del Inca, coll. Fitzgerald, in the British Museum are identical with those from Chile, being much deeper buff below than rufipennis, and much less grayish throughout as well as smaller than the Chubut race. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 13 "Geositta tenuirostris (Lafresnaye) . SLENDER-BILLED MINER. Alauda tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 6, cl. 2, p. 7 of text to pi. 58-59, 1836 — coll. d'Orbigny (no locality given, the types examined in Paris Mus- eum are from Sicasica, Bolivia). Certhilauda tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 72, 1837 — Sicasica, Cochabamba, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Amer. mend., Ois., p. 359, pi. 43, fig. 2, 1847 — Cavari, Prov. Sicasica; Cocha- bamba, Bolivia. Ceositta tenuirostris^ SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 153 — Tinta, Tungasuca, s.e. of Cuzco, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, l.c., 1874, P- 524 — Maray- nioc; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 96, 1884 — Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 9, 1890 — Tungasuca, Tinta, Peru, Bolivia; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Cajamarca; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Tarma, Junin distr.; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Sierra de Malamala, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — same locality; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 221, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman; MENEGAUX and HELL M AYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 49, 1906 — Sicasica, Bolivia; Lara, Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 206, 1909 — Prov. Tucu- man; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 287, 1910— -Cuesta de Mala- mala, (?) Mendoza; idem, I.e., 30, p. 144, 1919 (monog., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — La Raya, Cuzco, Occobamba Pass, Huaracondo Canyon, Tirapata, Puno, Peru; Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman, Tilcara, Prov. Jujuy. Upucerthia juninensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 35, p. 20, 1914 — Junin, Peru. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (from Dept. Caja- marca southward), Bolivia, and northwestern Argentina (prov. Jujuy and Tucuman)b. 7: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Huanuco Mts. 2, Huanuco Viejo 2, Junin i); Argentina (Lara, Prov. Tucuman i). *Geositta crassirostris Sclater. THICK-BILLED MINER. Ceositta crassirostris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — "on the hills around Lima and by the sea-side"; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 10, pi. i, 1890 — Lima; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 95, 1884 — Lima. • Geositta tenuirostris apud BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — "bei Mendoza and Parand" — was an erroneous record (see Bunneister, Reise La Plata St. 2, p. 465, 1861). There is no reliable authority for its occurrence in either. of these localities. b With eight specimens from northern Peru (Cajamarca, Otuzco), one from Junin, eleven from Cuzco, four from Huanuco, one from Bolivia (Iquico) and two from Prov. Tucuman (Cuesta de Malamala, Lara) before me I am unable to make out any local races although there is much individual variation in the shade of both upper and lower parts. Birds from Tucuman are rather more grayish above than the others, but are exactly matched by one from Junin. Specimens from northern Peru average very slightly smaller. 14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. . (?) Geositta fortis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN,* Ornis, n, No. 2-3, p. 194, Nov. 1901 — Pauza, Loichos, Dept. Ayacucho; idem, I.e., 13, p. 70 — same locali- ties. Range: Western Peru, in depts. Lima (Matucana, Lima) and Aya- cucho (Pauza, Loichos), from sea-level up to 8,000 feet. 3: Peru (Matucana, above Lima 3). Genus FURNARIUS Vieillot. Furnarius VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. e!6m., p. 47, 1816 — type "Fournillier" Buffon = Fournier (Hist. Nat. Ois., £dit. Impr. Roy., 6, p. 523) = Merops rufus GMELIN. Opetiorynchos TEMMINCK, Man. d'Orn., 2nd ed., i, p. LXXXIII, 1820 — type by monotypy Merops rufus GMELIN. Figulus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 76, 1824 — type by monotypy Figulus albogularis SPIX. Ipnodomus GLOGER, Gemeinnutz. Hand- & Hilfsbuch Naturg., p. 304, 1842 — type by monotype Turdus figulus LICHTENSTEIN. *Fumarius rufus rufus (Gmelin). RED OVEN-BIRD. Merops rufus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 465, 1788 — based on Buffon & Dau- benton, PI. enl. 739, Buenos Aires. Furnarius rufus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 64, 1839 — Banda Oriental, banks of the La Plata, Maldonado; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. me'rid., Ois., p. 250, 1839 — part, mouth of the La Plata, Buenos Aires, Corrientes; BUR- MEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 462, 1861 — eastern Argentina; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 264, 1869 — Buenos Aires (breeding habits); DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 252, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1876, p. 160 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1877, p. 179 — Baradero; GIBSON, Ibis, 1880, p. 16 — Cape San Antonio (breeding habits) : idem, I.e., 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu, Uruguay; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 6, p. 242, 1881 — Est. Tala, Prov. Durazno, Uruguay (eggs descr.); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 609 — Monte Grande (breeding habits) ; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 204, 1883 — Concep- tion del Uruguay, Entrerios; HOLMBERG, Act. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 5, p. 79, 1884 — La Tinta, Prov. B. Aires; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 141, 1885 — Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 167, 1888 — Argentina, Uruguay; WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. n, 1890 — part, Uruguay and Argentina; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1890, p. 425; • Geositta fortis is almost certainly synonymous with G. crassirostris. Sclater's type which I have examined is a young bird whose bill has not attained its full length. The adults from Matucana are quite as large (wing 93-97; bill 27-28.5) as the types of G. fortis, and differ considerably among themselves in the shade of the upper parts, one being much darker than the others. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 15 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar; APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 181 — Uruguay; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Sao Lourenco, Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 227, 1907 (range); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 126 — part, Las Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 407 — Cape San Antonio, B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., 2, p. 228, 1921 (nest); idem, I.e., 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Rio Alcaraz, near Santa Elena, Entrerios; (?) GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 72 — La Rioja;. PEREYRA, l.c., p. 167 — Zelaya, B. Aires. Furnarius rufus rufus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 49 — part, spec, a-c, f , g, Montevideo, Maldonado, Corrientes; Boavista, "Saint- Paul"8; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — part, Monte, Barracas al Sud. Prov. B. Aires; Mocovi, Prov. Santa Fe"; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — part, excl. . . Tucuman; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 167, 1918 — Isla do San Martin Garcia; (?) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Mendozab; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — eastern Argentina, Uruguay. Furnarius badius (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 403 — part, Buenos Aires, Conchitas, Banda Oriental0. Range: Southern Brazil, in states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina, and Parand (Boavista, Morungaba); Uruguay; eastern Argentina, in provinces of Corrientes, Entrerios, Santa Fe, Cordoba, and Buenos Airesd. 12: Argentina (Estancia La Maria Luisa, Bonifacio, F. C. Sud, near Guamini, Prov. Buenos Aires 4, Noetinger, F. C. C. A., Prov. Cordoba 8). a Boavista, erroneously assumed by the authors (l.c. p. 50) to be in Santa Cath- arina, is — as we learn from Saint-Hilaire's "Voyage dans les prov. Saint-Paul et Sainte-Cathe'rine," 2, p. 39, 1851 — a farm, not far from the Rio Jaguaraiba, five days' journey south of Itarare", State of Parana. b No reliable record appears to exist for the occurrence of the Oven-bird in the Prov. of Mendoza. 0 Pelzeln was misled in his conclusions by a wrongly labeled example. On exam- ining "the typical specimen (female) [of F. badius] received in 1824 from the Museum at Berlin" (Ibis, 1881, p. 404), I find it very different from the Oven-bird of Sao Paulo, Rip de Janeiro, and Minas Geraes (F. r. badius). It agrees, however, minutely with specimens of typical rufus from Buenos Aires, and in spite of the locality "Sao Paulo" on the old Museum tag (there is no original label) I am perfectly convinced that it was actually collected much farther south, either in Rio Grande do Sul or in Argentina. d Birds from southern Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sol), Entrerios, Uruguay and Cordoba (Noetinger) are absolutely identical with those from Buenos Aires, and show not the slightest approach to the neighboring races badius and commersoni. Material examined: Prov. Buenos Aires 15, Uruguay 4, Entrerios (Concepcion del Uruguay) i, Noetinger, Prov. Cordoba 8, Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco, Arroio Grande, Taquara, Santa Maria, Bage) 5, Parana (Boavista, Morungaba ) 2. 16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Furnarius rufus paraguayae Cherrie and Reichenberger*. INTERMEDI- ATE RED OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius rufus paraguayae CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27t P- 5> Dec. 1921 — Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay (type examined). Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) DALGLEISH, Prov. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 79, 1889 — Ytafiu, Paraguay; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 — Fortin Donovan, R. Pilcomayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Paraguari, Luque, Paraguay; KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Villa Concepcion, Paraguay, Chaco; OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — Tucuman; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tapia, Tucuman; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 523 — Sapucay; GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 126 — part, Santa Rosa, Tayru (Para- guay), Col. Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa), Porto Esperanca (Matto Grosso). Furnarius rufus rufus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 49, 1906 — part, spec, h, Tapia, Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov, Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — part, Santa Ana, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — part, Tucuman. Furnarius albigularis (not of SPIX) BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tucuman. Furnarius rufus commersoni (not of PELZELN) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 305, 1912 — Villa Rica, Paraguay (crit.); CHERRIE and REICHEN- BERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 — part, Perico (Jujuy), Embarca- ci6n (Salta). Range: Paraguay, and northern Argentina (in prov. Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy). *Furnarius rufus commersoni Pelzeln*. COMMERSON'S OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius commersoni PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 34, note 2, 1868, — part, • Furnarius rufus paraguayae CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER: Similar to F. r . rufus, but smaller ; upper parts less grayish ; forehead and nape more decidedly washed with rufous. Wing (male) 94-98, (female) 88-95. The type (evidently a wrongly sexed female), and two adult males from Trini- dad and Villa Concepcion, Paraguay agree well with each other and the above diag- nosis. A newly-molted female from Bernalcu6 (east of Asunci6n), however, is much more deeply colored below, approaching certain specimens of commersoni. Birds from n.w. Argentina are even more variable. While two females from Tapia (Prov. Tucuman) and a male from Rosario (Orillas, Rio Bermejo, Chaco Salteno) are in no way distinguishable from F. r. rufus, two from Tafi Viejo, Tucuman cannot be told from the Bernalcu6 bird. Three young birds (Perico, Prov. Jujuy; Embarca- ci6n, Prov. Salta) are even brighter throughout, being in fact barely separable from commersoni. I fully agree with Dabbene's contention that birds from Paraguay and n.w. Argentina are merely intergrades between rufus and commersoni, and the propriety of recognizing such intermediate races in nomenclature might well be questioned. b Furnarius rufus commersoni PELZELN: Very similar to F. r. badius, but on average smaller; upper parts brighter and more rufous; breast and sides generally lighter, and center of abdomen extensively white. All of the characters are, however, variable and single specimens, particularly in worn plumage, cannot always be dis- 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 17 Cuyaba, Matto Grosso designated as type locality*; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 619 — Tilotilo, Bolivia. Furnarius badius var., PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 114, 1859 — part, Cuyaba. Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 250, 1839 — part, Chiquitos, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Valle Grande, Cochabamba, Bolivia; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1897 — Caiza, Bolivia. Furnarius albogularis (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 405 — part, descr. and hab. Cuyaba, Tilotilo, Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88, 1889 — "La Paz", Bolivia; idem, I.e., 5, p. 1 1 1, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso. Furnarius albigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. n, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, g-i, Chapada, Cuyaba; Tilotilo, Bolivia. Furnarius rufus commersoni MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 50, 1906 — Cuyaba, Matto Grosso, Bolivia (crit.); MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 56, 1917 — Caceres, Amaca, Barra-Caceres, Matto Grosso; CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 — part, Chapada, Uructim. Range: Interior of Brazil, in State of Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Chapada, San Luis de Caceres, Amaca, Urucum), and Bolivia (in depts. Beni, Santa Cruz, Cochabamba, and Sucre)b. 3: Bolivia (Parotani, Prov. Cochabamba 2, Trinidad, Rio Ma- more i). *Furnarius rufus badius (Lichtenstein) . WHITE-THROATED OVEN-BIRD. Turdus badius LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 40, 1823 — Sao Paulo (type in Berlin Museum examined). Figulus albogularis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 76, pi. 78, 1824 — Rio Verde [near Cam- panha], s.w. Minas Geraes (types in Munich Museum examined). Opetiorhynchus ruficaudus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (2), p. 671, 1831 — Minas Geraes. Furnarius rufus (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., i, p. 167, 1853 — (nesting habits); idem, Reise Brasil., p. 312, 455, 606, 1853 — Faz. Mainarte, s. of Marianna; Santa Rita, Rio das Velhas, Minas Geraes (habits); idem, tinguished with certainty. Wing (nine males from Matto Grosso) 89-95, (six fe- males) 85-93. a Although examination of the original series in the Vienna Museum, proves two of the specimens (from Tenente Borges and Araguay) referred by Pelzeln to his commersoni, to belong to F. r. badius, the characters, viz. slenderer bill, lighter auricu- lars, cinnamon rufous edges to the primaries, etc., apply only to the Cuyabd birds, when comparison is made with the two Rio examples of F. badius. Accordingly, we designate Cuyaba, Matto Grosso as type locality. b Bolivian examples are larger, thereby approaching F. r. rufus, without, however, reaching its maximum measurements; the majority, besides, average paler, espe- cially below, than those from eastern Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Chapada), but so many specimens are indistinguishable that I do not advocate the recognition of another race. Wing (ten males) 95-103, (fourteen females) 94-100. 1 8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. • Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 3, 1856 — Minas Geraes; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 219, 1899 — Cachoeira, Piquete, Sao Paulo. Furnarius badius PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 114, 1859 — Ri° de Janeiro; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 34, 1868 — Rio de Jan- eiro (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 403 — part, Faz. Mainarte, foot of Itacolumi, Minas; Rio de Janeiro. Furnarius badius var., PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 114, 1859 — part, Tenente Borges, Araguay, State of Goyaz. Furnarius commersoni PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 34, 1869 — part, Tenente Borges, Araguay, Goyaz (spec, examined). Furnarius ruficaudus REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 388 — Capellinha near Catalao, Goyaz; Paracatu, Minas Geraes. Furnarius albogularis PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 405 — part, Rio Verde, Minas; Tenente Borges, Goyaz; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 242, 1889 (WiEo's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. n, 1890 — part, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, p. 299, 1902 — Campinas, Sao Paulo; Vargem Alegre, near Marianna, Minas (egg). Furnarius albigularis REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Joazeiro, Barra do Rio Grande, Bahia. Furnarius rufus badius HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 626, 1906 (crit.) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 51, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro; Rio Doce, Mmas Geraes; IHERING, Cat. F, Braz., I, p. 228, 1907 — Cachoeira, Caconde, Campinas, Pirassununga, Prov. Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes; CHERRIE and REICHENBERGER, Amer. Mus. Novit., 27, p. 6, 1921 — La Raiz, foot of Organ Mts., Prov. Rio. Range: Eastern Brazil, from Bahia (valley of the Sao Francisco) and Goyaz (Tenente Borges, near Bomfim; Capellinha, near Catalao; Araguay, west of Goyaz city) through Minas Geraes and Rio de Jan- eiro south to Sao Paulo". 5 : Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 5) . *Furnarius leucopus leucopus Swainsonb. PALE-LEGGED OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius leucopus SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 325, Dec. 1837 — Guiana = British Guiana; SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 688; 3, p. 13, 1848 — near the mouth of the Pirara and Mahu Rivers, Brit. Guiana; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 115, 1859 — part, Forte do Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867. "The type of F. badius and other specimens from Sao Paulo (Rebucao) are identical with a series from Minas Geraes (12), Rio de Janeiro (4) and Goyaz (2). b Furnarius leucopus leucopus SWAINSON is characterized by its blackish brown upper mandible, uniform blackish inner web of first primary, decidedly rufescent brown (between Prouts' brown and bister) pileum, and by having the wings deeper rufous than the back. Wing 84-90; tail 52-58; bill 19-21.75. Seven specimens from the Rio Branco, two from British Guiana examined. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 19 — part, Brit. Guiana, Rio Branco; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 406 — Guiana, Rio Branco, Rio Amajau (monog.); SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 418 (ex SCHOMBURGK); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part, spec, a, Brit. Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 321, 1914 (range). Furnarius leucopus leucopus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Brit. Guiana, Rio Branco, Rio Amajau; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 87, 1921 — Upper Takutu, Ireng R. Demerara. Range : Interior of British Guiana (Pirara, Demerara, Takutu and Ireng Rivers) and northern Brazil (Rio Branco and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro district). 3: Brazil (base of Serra da Lua, near Boavista, Rio Branco 3). *Furnarius leucopus assimilis Cdbanis and Heine*. SOUTHERN PALE- LEGGED OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius assimilis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 22, 1859 — "Brasilien" (we suggest Bahia as type locality); PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 406 — Cuyaba (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 14, 1890 — Brazil; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Bahia; IHER- ING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 228, 1907 — Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 70, 1910 — Pedrinha, Lake of Parnagua, Therezina, Piauhy; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Mirin, Rio Paraguay, Mattb Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul ., 9, p. 435, 475, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Bahia (egg. descr.). Furnarius leucopus assimilis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., is, p. 57, 58— Rio Ara- guaya, Goyaz (range). a Furnarius leucopus assimilis CABANIS and HEINE: Differs from F. I. leucopus in much lighter, tawny rather than amber brown back, wings and tail, horn brown instead of blackish upper mandible, much broader, as well as lighter cinnamomeous wing-bar, and by having a very distinct cinnamomeous spot on the inner web of the outermost primary. There is much individual variation in the extent of the pale spot on the first primary, though it is always present in specimens from eastern Brazil (Maranhao, Piauhy, Ceara, Bahia, and Goyaz). The under parts are likewise variable, many examples being as extensively and deeply ochraceous tawny below as F. I. leucopus, while others, irrespective of localities, have only the chest ochraceous buff, shading into buff along the flanks. Birds from Ceara and Maranhao prove to be inseparable from Bahia specimens. Two adult females from Goyaz (Rio Araguaya), while other- wise agreeing with eastern birds, have the pileum darker, almost sooty blackish. In Matto Grosso, F. 1. assimilis gradually passes into F. I. torridus, of Bolivia and Upper Amazonia. Birds from that province have the cinnamomeous wing-bar nar- rower, and the light spot on the inner web of the outermost primary is decidedly smaller or, in seven out of fourteen, even missing. While specimens from the Cuy- aba district agree with assimilis, although the wings sometimes incline to a darker tone, those from the upper stretches of the Paraguay river (Descalvados, Corumba, Puerto Suarez) have the wings and tail fully as deeply colored as torridus. The col- oration of the under parts in Matto Grosso examples is subject to much the same individual variation as in the series from the eastern states of Brazil. Material examined— Bahia, trade-skins 12, Lamarao i; Ceara 4; Piauhy, Ibiapaba 5, Deserto 2, Arara i, Pedrinha 2, Therezina i; Maranhao, Miritiba i, Codo 3; Goyaz, Rio Araguaya 2: Matto Grosso, Cuyaba 6, Cachocira i, San Lorenzo River i, Descalvados i, Corumba 2; Bolivia, Purto Suarez 3. 20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Opetiorhynchus rufus (errore) THIENEMANN, Fortpflanzungsg. ges. Vogel, p. 136, 1848 — (nests coll. by Natterer [at Cuyaba] described). Furnarius leucopus (not of SWAINSON) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Ak. Wiss. Wien, Kl., 31, p. 322, 1858 — nests from Cuyaba; idem, I.e., 34, p. 115. 1859 — part, Cuyabd; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — part, Cuyaba; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867 — part, Cuyaba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part, spec, e, "Cuyaba" [ = Cachoeira], Matto Grosso (spec, examined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. in, 1893 — Corumbd, Matto Grosso. Funiarius leucopus cearae CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 339 1916 — Quixada, Serra Baturite", Ceara. Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Ceara, and Piauhy south to Bahia and Goyaz, west to Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, San Lorenzo River, Cachoe- ira (near Cuyabd), Descalvados, Corumbd) and southeastern Bolivia (Puerto Suarez, Rio Paraguay). 14: Brazil (Quixada i, Serra Baturite, Ceara 2; Codo, Maranhao 3; Ibiapaba 5, Arara i, Deserto, Piauhy 2). *Furnarius leucopus torridus Sclater and Salvin*. PALE-BILLED OVEN- BIRD. Furnarius torridus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 183 — Ucayali River, Peru (type in Biritish Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1867, p. 978 — • Furnarius leucopus torridus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to F. I. leucopus in having wings and tail conspicuously darker rufous than back, the inner web of the outermost primary uniform (or with but a small light spot), and the cinnamom- eous transverse bar on the succeeding remiges relatively restricted; but differs by sooty or earthy brown (instead of decidedly rufescent brown) pileum, lighter (partly whitish) upper mandible, and more extensive black bases to the under tail coverts. Pervian birds exhibit, in the intensity of both upper and lower parts, a striking amount of variation, which appears to be purely individual. The types of F. tor- ridus from the Ucayali, a male from Santa Cruz, R. Huallaga, and a female collected by the Castelnau expedition at Pebas have the back almost as deep amber brown as wings and tail, while the under surface of the body is extensively bright ochraceous tawny. Three other examples from Pebas, including the type of F. leucopus haux- welli, one from Sarayacu, R. Ucayali, two from the headwaters of the Huallaga, and five from Moyobamba are decidedly paler on the back, while the much lighter ochra- ceous color below is chiefly restricted to the chest and flanks. The two "phases" being connected by intermediates, are, I have no doubt, merely the extremes of indi- vidual variation. An exceptionally fine series of F. tricolor which thanks to the cour- tesy of Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd I have been enabled to examine, agrees perfectly with the lighter colored set from Peru, and the only difference I can perceive is that most of the Bolivian and Purus specimens have a somewhat larger, heavier bill. Two males from Astillero, Carabaya, in the American Museum of Nat. Hist., New York, are precisely similar. The pale spot on the inner web of the outermost primary is, as a rule, altogether missing or but faintly suggested. Only one each from Moyo- bamba, Cercado de Santa Cruz and Palmarito, Chiquitos, Bolivia and four from the Purus show a small, well-defined cinnamomeous spot. Some of the skins from the Huallaga and Moyobamba approach leucopus by their brownish maxilla and a slight rufescent tinge on the crown. Material. — Peru: Pebas 4, Elvira (near Pebas) i, Moyobamba 5, Rio Ucayali 3, Santa Cruz, R. Huallaga i, headwaters of the Huallaga 2, Astillero, Carabaya 2.- Brazil: Lower Splimoes 2, Rio Punis 28.- Bolivia: Santa Cruz i, Cercado de Santa Cruz i, Buenavista 2, Prov. del Sara i, Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos 5. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 21 Pebas (spec, examined); idem, Exotic Ornith., p. 7, 8, pi. 4, 1867 — Rio Ucay- ali; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 268 — Ucayali, Santa Cruz, Pebas; PEL- ZELN, Ibis, 1 88 1, p. 407 — same localities; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 104, 1884 — same localities; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 15, pi. 2, 1890 — Ucayali, Santa Cruz; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 52, 1906 — Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Pebas, Peru (crit.); MENE- GAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., No. 20, p. 322, 1910 — Tocache, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 320, 1914 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Rio Punis. Furnarius tricolor GIEBEL, Zeits. ges. Naturw., 31, p. n, 1868 — Bolivia = Santa Cruz de la Sierra (type in Halle Museum examined). Furnarius leucopus hauxwelli CHUBB, Bull Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 87, 1918 — Pebas, Peru (type examined). Furnarius leucopus (not of SWAINSON) BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 373 — Elvira, Peru (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 104, 1884 — Tarapoto, Moyobamba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — part, spec, b, c, Pebas, Elvira, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Rio Purus (spec, examined). Range: Upper Amazonia, from the north bank of the Marafion (Pebas, Elvira) and the lower Solimoes through Peru (Ucayali and Huallaga valleys; Astillero, Carabaya) and western Brazil (Rio Purvis) south to northern and eastern Bolivia. 6: Peru (Moyobamba 5); Bolivia (Buenavista i). *Furnarius leucopus longirostris Pelzeln. NORTHERN PALE-LEGGED OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius longirostris PELZELN", Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20, p. 158, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1856 — Venezuela (type in Vienna Museum exam- ined); idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 409 (part, descr. of type only). Furnarius agnatus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 61, 159, 1873 — "Columbia littoralis in vicin. urbis S. Martha," the type came from Valle Dupar [=Valle de Upar] (see SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1879, P- 197); SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Valle de Upar; PELZELN, I.e., 1881, p. 408 — Santa Marta, Valle Dupar (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 14, 1890 — same localities; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138, 1898 — Santa Marta; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 — Bonda (nest and eggs) ; CHAPMAN, I.e., 36, p. 400, 1917 — Turbaco, near Cartha- gena; Calamar, Boca de Chimi, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Rio Magdalena. 8 Recent comparison of the type kindly lent by the authorities of the Vienna Museum leaves not the slightest doubt as to F. longirostris being the same as F. agna- tus, of the Santa Marta region. It is really inconceivable that Pelzeln who, when reviewing the genus, had both types before him, did not recognize their identity, but associated his longirostris with the Ecuadorian F. cinnamomeus, from which the type specimen differs at a glance by shorter wings and tail, much paler, more gray- ish pileum, narrower ochraceous wing-bar, and especially by lacking every trace of the large, well-defined ochraceous spot on the inner web of the outermost primary. 22 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Furnarius leucopus agnatus TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 295, 1922 — Rio Hacha, La Goajira. Furnarius agnatus venezuelensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 291, 1913 — Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. Furnarius leucopus exilis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 — Funda- ci6n, Santa Marta district; idem and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 296, 1922 — Bonda, Cienaga, Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Tierra Nueva, Gaira, Fundaci6n, Tucurinca. Range: Arid littoral of northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo, Zulia) and northern Colombia (Goajira Peninsula, Santa Marta district, and lower Magdalena valley)*. 2 : Venezuela (Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo 2). *Furnarius leucopus endoecus Coryb. CORY'S PALE-LEGGED OVEN- BIRD. Furnarius agnatus endoecus CORY, Auk, 36, p. 89, 1919 — Encontrados, southwest of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. a In coloration and length of bill, the type of F. longirostris (Vienna Museum No. 19879) is practically identical with an adult bird from Rio Hacha, Goajira (Carnegie Museum No. 45637), which Mr. Todd is no doubt right in assuming to represent F. agnatus, originally based upon a specimen from Valle de Upar. Both are in worn faded plumage, Pelzeln's type more so than the other, which accounts for its slightly smaller measurements. Eleven specimens from the western side of the Santa Marta Mountains, F. I. exilis TODD, are more richly colored throughout, being of a deeper rufous above and darker ochraceous below, with less white on the abdomen. They are, however, all in fresh plumage, and the differences separating the series from the Goajira specimen and Pelzeln's type are well within the range of individual variation to be observed in other races of this group, e.g. F. 1. torridus or F. I. assimi- lis. Furthermore, two examples from the Rio Aurare, east of Maracaibo, except for their slightly whiter middle of the belly, agree much better with the birds from the west (exilis) than with those from the east (longirostris) side of the Santa Marta Mountains. As far as size is concerned, the pale-colored Rio Hacha "female" is indeed much larger than specimens of the same sex from the Rio Aurare and the western slope which agree with each other, but I strongly suspect it to be a wrongly sexed male. Until more satisfactory material from Venezuela comes to hand, I am not inclined to subdivide the pale-legged Oven-bird of the Caribbean coast region. If there is more than one form, the name longirostris has to replace agnatus for the eastern bird, while the western race is entitled to Todd's term exilis. Specimens from the Magdalena Valley we have not seen. They may form the transition to endoecus, or be actually referable to it. WING TAIL BILL Type of F. longirostris, Venezuela 92 (worn) 52 (worn) 24 One "female," Rio Hacha, Goajira 96 56 25 T wo males (incl. type of F. agnatus), Valle de Upar 93,95 54.55 22.5,24.5 One adult male, Santa Marta 95.5 59 24 Two adult males, Mamatoco 94, 97 57,58 23.5,24 One adult male, Fundaci6n 90 55 23 Four adult females, Santa Marta, Tucurinca, Fundaci6n 85,85,90,92 48,49,53,53 22 Two adult females, Rio Aurare, Venezuela 89,90 55,56 23,23.5 b Furnarius leucopus endoecus CORY: Similar in size and coloration to western specimens of F. I. longirostris (exilis), but upper parts much darker, deep tawny rather than ochraceous tawny. Wing ( 9ad.)87; tail 50; bill 22. While the type can- not be matched by any other example, I should like to see more material of this race. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 23 Range: Northwestern Venezuela, in heavily forested region south- west of Lake Maracaibo, State of Zulia. 2: Venezuela (Encontrados i, Catatumbo River i). *Furnarius leucopus cinnamomeus (Lesson)*. CINNAMOMEOUS OVEN- BIRD. Picolaptes cinnamomeus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 433, 1844 — Guayaquil, Ecuador. Furnarius griseiceps CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 23, 1859 — Peru. Furnarius cinnamomeus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 277 — Babahoyo ; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Ornith., p. 8, 1867 — littoral of western Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323, 751 — Tumbez (egg descr.); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Yaguachi; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 941 — Yaguachi; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 102, 1884 — Guadalupe, Lechugal, Tumbez, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 15, 1890 — Guayaquil, Babahoyo, Chiquinda, Balzar, Santa Rita, Ecuador; Tumbez, Chilate, Payta, Peru; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 1 8, 1899 — Vinces, Balzar, Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Guayaquil, Payta; BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Sullana, Huancabamba, Dept. Piura. Furnarius longirostris (not of PELZELN 1856) PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 409 — part, hab. Guayaquil, Babahoyo (Ecuador), Tumbez (Peru) ; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 424 — Payta. Range: Littoral of southwestern Ecuador, from the Province of Guayas southward, and northwestern Peru, in depts. of Tumbez and Piura. 4: Ecuador (Milagro i, Rio Vinces 2); Peru (Piura River i). *Furnarius minor Pelzeln.b LESSER OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius minor PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 31, p. 321, 1858 — Rio Madeira, below mouth of Rio Mahissy (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 115, 1859 — same locality; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — same locality; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 183 — Nauta; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 268 — Nauta, Santa Cruz; PELZELN, Ibis, 1 88 1, p. 408 — Rio Madeira, Nauta, Santa Cruz, Peru (monog.); TACZAN- OWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 105, 1884 — Nauta, Santa Cruz, Iquitos; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 14, 1890 — Rio Madeira; Nauta, Santa Cruz, Iquitos, 8 Furnarius leucopus cinnamomeus (LESSON) : Nearly related to F. I. longirostris, but averaging larger, with stronger bill ; outermost primary with a large ochraceous spot on inner web; ochraceous wing-bar much wider; pileum as a rule less grayish, and under parts generally paler. Wing 95-102; tail 57-64; bill 24-26. Four specimens from Guayas, Ecuador and eight from Peru examined. b The small size and the blackish brown (instead of yellow) legs distinguish this scarce species from the members of the F. leucopus-group. Specimens examined: Rio Madeira 3, Itacoatiard i, Rio Tapaj6z 6, Monte Ale- gre 2, Pebas, Peru 2. 24 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Peru; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 53, 1906 — Pebas; HELL- MAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 — Itaituba, Urucurituba, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 320, 1914 — Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Rio Jamunda (Faro); idem, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 (ecology). Furnarius pelzelni GIEBEL, Thes. Ornith., a, p. 217, 1875 (new name for Fur- narius minor PELZELN). Range: Northern Brazil, in the Amazon Valley and its tributaries, east to the Tapaj6z and Monte Alegre, west to Peru (Maranon River) . i: Brazil (Itacoatiara i). *Furnarius figulus figulus (Lichtenstein)*. TWICE-BANDED OVEN- BIRD. Turdus figidus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus.,p. 40, 1823 — Bahia. Furnarius superciliaris LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, Sept. 1830 — no locality given (type in Paris Museum examined; =juv.). Furnarius melanotis SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 324, Dec. 1837 — Bahia (type in Cambridge (Engl.) Museum examined; =juv.). Opetiorynchus rufus (not Merops rufus GMELIN) WJED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 667, 1831 — Rio Jiquirica, Jaguaripa, Nazareth das Farinhas, Prov. Bahia. Furnarius figulus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 4, 1856 — Bahia; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 115, 1859 — Bahia; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 34, 1868 — Bahia; idem, Ibis, 1881, p. 410 — Bahia (monog.); FORBES, I.e., p. 345 — from Parahyba to Garanhuns, Per- nambuco; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 12, 1890 — Pernambuco, Bahia; NICOLL, Ibis, 1906, p. 668 — Isl. Itaparica, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 51, 1906 — Bahia (crit.); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco; MatadeSaoJoaoand Rio Sao Francisco, near Sambaiba, Bahia. Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Parahyba, Piauhy and Ceara. 5 : Brazil (Bahia i, Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard i ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy 3). Furnarius figulus pileatus Sclater and Salvinb. STEERE'S OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius pileatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 139 — Santarem, a Furnarius figulus is immediately recognizable amongst its affines by possessing two distinct buff cross bands on the inner web of the two outer primaries, and black- ish tips to most of the rectrices. Legs and feet blackish brown as in F. minor which, however, is otherwise very different. Adult birds have the crown somewhat brighter rufous than the back and the breast pale buffy. In young birds the crown is of a much duller brownish tone, forming a dusky cap, the breast is brighter buff, and the feathers of the malar region are edged with dusky. Twelve specimens examined. b Furnarius figulus pileatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Similar to F. f. figulus, but pileum dusky brown, forming a well defined cap; rufous of upper parts deeper; 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 25 Brazil; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 407 — Santarem; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., i$» P- 65, 1890 — Santarem; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — San- tarem; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 321, 1914 — Santa Julia, Rio Iriri; Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru (Ig. de Paituna), Rio Jamundd (Faro); idem, Journ. Ornith., 61, p. 526, 1913 (ecology). Furnarius figulus pileatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 57, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (crit.). Range : Northern Brazil, on the banks of the lower Amazon (Tapa- joz; Rio Iriri, tributary of the Xingii; Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Rio Jamundd), south to the headwaters of the Rio Araguaya (Leo- poldina), Prov. Goyaz. *Furnarius cristatus Bwmieisier*. CRESTED OVEN-BIRD. Furnarius cristatus BURMEISTER, Ibis, (5) 6, p. 495, 1888 (new name for Fur- narius tricolor (not of GIEBEL 1868) SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 170, Sierra of Cordoba); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 13, 1890 — Sierra of Cordoba; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tucu- man, Famailla, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 51, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tucu- man (note on nest); BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, u, p. 254, 1904 — Salta; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — Santa Ana; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 288, 1910 — Cordoba, Salta, Tucuman; DOELLO-JURADO, El Hornero, i, p. 273, pi. 4, 1919 — Jesus Maria, Prov. de Cordoba (nest descr.); SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELH, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja. Furnarius tricolor (not of GIEBEL 1868) CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra de Cordoba; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 — Sierra de Cordoba; PELZELN, Ibis, 1881, p. 410 — Sierra de Cordoba (monog.); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 170, 1888 — Sierra de Cordobab. Range: Argentina, in provinces of Cordoba, Rioja, Tucuman, Salta, and Santiago del Estero; according to Serie" and Smyth, also found at Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios. i: Argentina (Leales, Prov. Tucumdn i). Genus CORYPHISTERA Burmeister. Coryphistera BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 251, 1860 — type Coryphistera alaudina BURMEISTER; idem, Reise LaPlata, St., 2, p. 470, 1861 (full diagnosis). superciliaries more purely white; size slightly larger. Wing (two males) 87, 89; tail 6 1, 6a; bill 20, 21. Known to me only from two specimens secured by the late G. A. Baer at Leopoldina, Goyaz. a An aberrant species of slender build, small size, and with a distinct occipital crest. In habits it is, however, a typical Oven-bird. b Whether Furnarius figulus (not of SWAINSON) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 609 (San Pedro, Santiago del Estero; Salta), quoted with a query by Sclater and Hudson, really refers to F. cristatus, cannot be determined in the absence of the specimens which appear to have been lost. See Doello-Jurado, El Hornero, i, p. 284, 1919. 26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Coryphistera alaudina alaudina Burmeister. LARK-LIKE PLAIN- RUNNER. Coryphistera alaudina BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 251, 1860 — no locality given; idem, Reise La Plata Staat., 2, p. 470, 1861 — near Parana; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 57, pi. 3 — Rio Vermejo; DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., I, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 — Tucuman, Salta; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 40 — Cosquin, Cordoba; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Ornith., i, p. 188, 1888 — Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 75, 1890 — Cosquin, Tucuman, Salta; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cordoba, 10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba; SALVADORI, Bol. Mus. Torino, 12, p. 19, 1897 — Tala, Prov. Salta; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — Tapia, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tapia, Prov. Tucuman; HARTERTand VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 214, 1919 — Cosquin, Cordoba; Tapia, Lagunas de Malvinas, Tucuman, Prov. Tucuman; Ocampo, Prov. Santa F6; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910— range; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33, 1906 — Alto Verde, Catitas, La Paz, Prov. Mendoza; MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 — Curuzu-Cuatia, Prov. Corrientes; SANZIN, 1. c., p. 150 — Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza; MARELLI, I.e., p. 224, 1919 — Curuzu-Cuatid; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Sta Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — Rioja. Range: Argentina, from Province of Salta and Territory of For- mosa, south to prov. Mendoza and Cordoba, east to Entrerios (Par- ana) and Corrientes (Curuzu-Cuatia, Santa Elena). 5: Argentina (Dept. Trancas 2, Leales, Tucuman i, Noetinger, Prov. Cordoba 2). Coryphistera alaudina campicola Todd*. BOLIVIAN PLAIN-RUNNER. Coryphistera alaudina campicola TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, p. 170, 1915 — Guanacos, Prov. Cordillera, Bolivia (type in Carnegie Museum examined); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 501, 1917 — Yuay. Prov. Cordillera (crit.). Range: Eastern Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz, in Prov. Cordillera (Guanacos, Yuay). Genus CLEBANORNIS Sdater and Salmn. Clibanornis SLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 155, 1873 — type by orig. desig. Anabates dendrocolaptoides PELZELN. *• Coryphistera alaudina campicola TODD: Very similar to C. a. alaudina, but con- siderably larger; streaks on under parts brighter cinnamon rufous; upper parts, espe- cially the rump, deeper buff; crest feathers, on basal portion, conspicuously edged with cinnamomeous. Wing (one adult male, the type) 80 (against 70-73 in ten C. a. alaudina}; tail 75 (against 67-70); bill 15. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 27 Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides (Pelzeln). PELZELN'S GROUND-CREEPER. Anabates dendrocolaptoides PELZELN, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math, naturw. Kl., 34, p. 104,- 128, 1859 — Curytiba, Villa de Castro [ = Boqueirao], State of Parana (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Villa de Castro, Rio Yapo, Curytiba, State of Parana. Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 27, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 351, 1905 — Itarar6, Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229, 1907 — same locality; BERTONI, Seg. Contrib. Ornit. Parag., in Revista Instit. Parag., Asunci6n, 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Paraguay, Misiones; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914 — Paraguay, Iguazu, Misiones; idem, El Hornero, i, p. 37, 1917 — Santa Ana, Misiones; CHROS- TOWSKI, Ann. Zopl. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 35, 1921 — Antonio Olyntho, on the Rio Negro, State of Parana (habits). Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Itarare) and Parand (Castro, Curytiba; Antonio Olyntho, Rio Negro) and adjacent portions of Paraguay and Misiones (Rio Iguassu). Genus CINCLODES Gray. Cinclodes GRAY, List Gen. Birds, p. 16, 1840 — type Motacilla patagonica GMELIN. Cillurus CABANIS", Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 281, 1844 — type by subs, desig. (REICHENBACH, 1853, p. 214) Cillurus palliatus TSCHUDI. *Cinclodes nigrofumosus (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny*. D'ORBIGNY'S CINCLODES. Uppucerthia nigro-fumosa LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 23, 1838 — "Cobija, in Bolivia" =Prov. Antofagasta, Chile (type in Paris Museum examined) ; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 372, pi. 57, fig. 2, 1847 — Valparaiso, Cobija, Arica, Chile. Upucerthia nigro-fumosa DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, i, p. 283, 1847 — from Coquimbo "to ChiloeV' Opetiorhynchus nigrofumosus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 68, 1839 — Coquimbo; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. in, 1843 — Chilean coast between 34° and 35° south, lat. Opetiorhynchus lance'olatus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, pi. 20, 1839 (figure of Darwin's specimen from Coquimbo). *• Though obviously intended as a classical emendation of Cinclodes, the generic name Cillurus remained without a specified type until 1846, when Cabanis (in TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Ayes, p. 235) designated Cillurus for steri CABANIS = Motacilla patagonica GMELIN. This action, -however, cannot be admitted, since this species originally was not included in the genus. b Cinclodes nigrofumosus is easily distinguishable from C. p. patagonicus and C. p. chilensis by larger size, much stronger, heavier bill, and much darker colora- tion throughout. Besides, the superciliary streak is much less conspicuous, does not extend so far backwards, and is buffy, variegated with dusky instead of plain white. Wing (eighteen specimens) 112-120; tail 82-92; bill 23-24. 28 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Cinclodes inornatus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840 — Chile; HARTLAUB, I.e., 9, p. i, 1846 (crit.). Cinclodes nigrofumosus CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, p. 187, 1855 — coast of Chile; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 310, 1860 (breed- ing habits); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. no, 1884 — part, Chile, descr. adult ex D'ORBIGNY; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B6i, 1891 — part, juv. ex Valparaiso (specimen examined); MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 58, 1906 — Cobija, Valparaiso (crit.). Cinclodes nigrifumosus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Coquimbo; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 21, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, Santiago, Coquimbo, Chile. Cinclodes patagonicus (not of GMELIN) SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708, 1898 — Iquique, Tarapaca; Isla de los Parajos, Totoralillo, near Coquimbo (spec, in Berlin Museum examined). Range: Littoral of Chile, from Arica and Iquique south to Con- ception*. 14: Chile (Gatico, Prov. Antofagasta 2; Caldera, Prov. Atacama 9; Papudo, Prov. Aconcagua i; Concepcion 2). Cinclodes taczanowskii Berlepsch and Stolzmann*. TACZANOWSKI'S CINCLODES. Cinclodes taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 381 — Chorillos near Lima, Peru (cotype in Berlepsch collection examined). Cinclodes sparsim-striatus SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXII, 1900 — Islay, Peru (type in British Museum examined). Cillurus nigrofumosus (not of D'ORBIGNY and LAFRESNAYE) TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, 1846 — "Wood region of Peru"(0- Cinclodes nigrifumosus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 985 — Islay, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — Islay; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — San Lorenzo Isl., near Callao, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 21, 1890 — part, spec, e, g-i, San Lorenzo Isl., Islay, Peru. Cinclodes nigrofumosus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Chorillos, near Lima; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. no, 1884 — part, Chorillos. Range: Littoral of western Peru, from Lima (Ancon, Chorillos. San Lorenzo Isl.) south to Islay, Dept. Arequipa. B Birds from Concepcion and Papudo are not different from those of northern Chile. Specimens examined: Iquique i, Cobija 2, Gatico 2, Caldera 9, Totoralillo, Coquimbo i, Valparaiso 2, Papudo i, Concepcion 2. b Cinclodes taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Related to C. nigrofumosus, but upper parts and sides of head much paler, wood brown instead of fuscous brown, passing into fawn on rump and tail coverts; upper wing-coverts with pale fawn tips, forming several light bands across the wing; wing band buff rather than cinna- momeous; superciliary streak barely suggested; under parts much paler, wood brown 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 29 *Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus (Garnot}*. FALKLAND ISLAND ClNCLODES. Certhia antarctica GARNOT, Ann. Sci. Nat., 7, p. 45, 1826 — Falkland Islands (type in Paris Museum examined). Furnarius fuliginosus LESSON, Man. d'Orn., 2, p. 15, 1828 — Falkland Islands (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Voyage Coquille, Zool., i, p. 670, 1830 — Falkland Islands. OpetiorhynchusantarcticusDARVfiti,ZooL Beagle, 3, p. 67, 1839 — Falkland Islands ; GOULD, P. Z. S. Lend., 1859, p. 95 — same locality. Cinclod.es antarcticus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 385 — Falkland Islands? ABBOTT, Ibis, 1861, p. 154 — Kidney Island; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 25, 1890 — Falkland Isl.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 61, 1906 — Falkland Isl.; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — Malvinas; BROOKS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 158, 1917 — Speedwell Isl. Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 187, 1919 — Falkland Isl.; WACO, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921 — same locality. Range: Falkland Islands. 2: Falkland Isl. (Speedwell Isl. 2). Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris Dabbene*. DABBENE'S CINCLODES. Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 59, 1917 — Hermit Island, near Cape Horn; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 188, 1919 — same locality. Range: Extreme southern Chile, Cape Horn region (Hermit, Van- derlandt Islands). instead of bister, with only a few indistinct buffy streaks on the breast; throat not conspicuously white, but dingy buff, streaked with brownish ; tail less blackish. Wing 115; tail 85-86; bill 23-24. Three specimens from Lima and three from Islay examined. Probably a northern race of C. nigrofumosus. " Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus (GARNOT) : This well characterized species dif- fers from C. p. patagonicus by much shorter, stouter bill; unstreaked bister or snuff brown under parts, with the throat drab, obsoletely spotted or banded with grayish; the absence of the whitish superciliary stripe and light apical markings on lat- eral rectrices; the much less pronounced, dull natal brown instead of bright ochra- cepus buff cross band on inner remiges, etc. Wing (male) 109-115, (female) 104-108; tail (male 75-83, (female) 74-78; bill 17.5-20. Sixteen specimens from Kidney, Sea Lion and Speedwell Islands examined. Three of the examples from Speedwell have the extreme base of the bill margined with pale yellowish, thus pointing to maculirostris. b Cinclodes antarcticus maculirostris DABBENE: Differs from C. a. antarcticus by slightly larger size, heavier bill with the basal portion of the lower mandible (some- times also of the commissure of the maxilla) yellow, and fuscous instead of bister brown plumage, without any trace of the brownish wing band. Wing (two males) 115, 120, (female) no; tail 81-85; bill 19-20. Three specimens from Vanderlandt Isl. in the American Museum of Natural History, New York examined. 30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Cinclodes patagonicus patagonicus (Gmelin), PATAGONIAN CINCLODES. Motacilla patagonica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I (2), p. 957, 1789 — based on "Pata- gonian Warbler" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, 2 (2), p. 434, 1783 — Terra del Fuego. Motacilla gracula FORSTER, Descr. Anim., p. 324, 1844 — Terra del Fuego. Cillurus forsteri CABANIS in Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, note i, 1846 — new name for Motacilla gracula FORSTER. Opetiorhynchus patagonicus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 67, 1839 — part, Tierra del Fuego. Cinclodes patagonicus SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 186 — Sandy Point = Punta Arenas; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 132, 1890 — Gregory Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Str. of Magellan, and Port Otway, Chile (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 22, 1890 — part, spec, e-1, Port Otway, Cove Isl., Messier Channel, Tom Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Twenthu Isl., Str. of Magellan; SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 617, 1900 — Punta Arenas, Penguin Rookery, Staten Isl.; NICOLL, Ibis, 1904, p. 45 — Puerto Bueno, Smythe's Channel; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 74, 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part, southern Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, Staten Isl.; idem, I.e., 30, p. 174, 1919 — Hermit Isl., Cape Horn (range, synon.). Cinclodes patachonicus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 — Port Otway, Cold Harbour, Messier's Channel; SHARPS, I.e., 1881, p. 8 — Tom Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Twenthu Isl., Trinidad Channel, Str. of Magellan. Cinclodes patagonicus patagonicus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 59, 1906 — Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego (crit.). Cinclodes patagonica patagonica HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208, 1909 — Dixon Cove, Grappler Bay, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego. Cillurus patagonicus CABANIS and REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 24, p. 323, 1876 — Str. of Magellan (spec, examined). Cinclodes nigrofumosus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B6i, 1891 — part, Orange Bay, Port Famine, Str. of Magellan (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 366, 1902 — SloggettBay, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, p. 290, 1910 — Orange Bay. Cinclodes patagonicus molitor (not of SCOTT) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 60, 1906 — part, spec, b, c, Port Famine. Cinclodes rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 177, 1919 — part, spec, a, Sloggett Bay, and range, from Port Otway south. Range: Tierra del Fuego, and southern Chile, north to the Gulf of Penas (Port Otway) a. • A single (unsexed) adult from Port Otway (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 116275) agrees, especially in the rather coarse whitish striping beneath, with a series from the Straits of Magellan, but approaches C. p. chilensis in coloration of tail markings. Examina- tion of additional specimens is desirable. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 31 *Cinclodes patagonicus chilensis (Lesson)*. CHILIAN CINCLODES. Furnarius chilensis LESSON, Man. d'Orn., 2, p. 17, June 1828 — "dans les alentours du port Saint- Vincent, au Chili," i.e. near Concepcion (see Garnot, Voyage Coquille, Zool., I, p. 569) ; idem, Voyage Coquille, Zool., i, p. 671, April 1830 — St. Vincent, Chile; idem, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, pi. 75, fig. i, Sept. 1830— Chileb. Opetiorhynchos rupestris KITTLITZ, Me'm. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., (sav. 6tr.), i, livr. 2, p. 1 88, pi. 8, 1830 — Chile, i.e. El Tome', near Concepcion0 (type in Petrograd Museum examined); idem, Denkwurdigk. Reise, I, p. 117, 1858 — El Tome', near Concepcion, and Valparaiso; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 16, 1921 — type from Chile in Petrograd Museum. Cinclodes molitor SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. XLII, 1900 — Chile (type in British Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 175, 1921 (crit.). Opetiorhynchus patagonicus (not of GMELIN) DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 67, 1839 — part, Chiloe Isl.; HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia; PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 58, 1865 — Chile. Cinclodes patagonicus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840 — Chile; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, p. 283 — Ancud, Chiloe; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 22, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Chile; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 37 — Hacienda Mansel, near Santiago, Corral and Rio Bueno, Valdivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part, Cordillera of Mendoza; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Cordillera of Mendoza. Cinclodes nigrofumosus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BIBRA, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — Santiago, Quillota; SCLATER, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Hacienda Mansel, south of Santiago (specimen examined). Cinclodes patagonicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chiloe and cen- tral Chile. Cinclodes patagonicus molitor MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 60, 1906 — part, spec, a, d, e, Santiago, Penaflor, San Alfonso, Quillota (crit.). a Cinclodes patagonicus chilensis (LESSON) : This very unsatisfactory race differs from C. p. patagonicus by generally smaller size, slightly darker back, somewhat more brownish under parts with the whitish stripes narrower and less extended abdomin- ally, and more buffy tips to the lateral rectrices. While birds from central Chile (Valdivia to Valparaiso) are fairly distinguish- able by these characters from C. p. patagonicus, a series from Chiloe and three skins from Ascension Isl. are intermediate, combining the smaller size of chilensis with the coloration of the typical race, although some are very nearly as dark as the for- mer. Birds from western Patagonia (Lake Nahuel Huapi and Huanuluan) are typi- cal chilensis. Thirty-three Chilean and eight Argentine specimens compared with fourteen C. p. patagonicus, from Tierra del Fuego and the Cape Horn region. b The colored figure of the type, supplemented by Lesson's remark "de mSme taille que la pr6c£dente" (i.e. Furnarius fuliginosus = Cinclodes antarcticus) , leaves no doubt as to F. chilensis being an earlier name for rupestris. Moreover, Lesson him- self _ (Rev. Zool., 3, p. 267, 1840) later identified his bird with Kittlitz's species, placing both in the synonymy of Cinclodes patagonicus (GMELIN). • While no locality is specified in the original description, we learn from Kittlitz's account of his travels in Chile (Denkwurdigk. Reise etc., I, p. 118) that he met with the species both at El Tom6 and Valparaiso. He expressly states having shot a sped- 32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Cinclodes rupestris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 177, 1919 — part, spec, b-p, Leleque, Puesto Burro, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Neuquen; Concep- tion, Limache, Chile (syn. and range part); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue", Prov. Curico; idem, I.e., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordil- lera of Aconcagua. Cinclodes patagonicus rupestris PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 313, 1923 — Huanuluan and Lake Nahuel Huapi, western Rio Negro. Cinclodes chilensis REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239, 1920 — southern Chile. Range : Central Chile, from Aconcagua south to Chiloe, Guaitecas Islands, and Llanquihue", and adjoining parts of western Argentina (gob. del Chubut and Rio Negro; Prov. Mendoza). 31 : Chile (Palmilla, La Cruz, Valparaiso 2, Linares i, Concepcion 2, Lake Malleco 2, Tolhuaco, Malleco i, Lake Gualletue", Cautin 2, Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley, Cautin i, Mafil, Valdivia i, Ririihue, Val- divia 5, Rio Nireguao i, Quellon, Chiloe 7, Rio Inio, Chiloe 2, San Pedro Isl. i, Melinka, Ascension Id., Guaitecas Islands 3). *Cinclodes oustaleti oustaleti Scott*. OUSTALET'S CINCLODES. Cinclodes oustaleti SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., io,p. LXII, 1900 — "Central Chile," we suggest Valparaiso (type in British Museum examined) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 61, 1906 — Valparaiso, Santi- ago, Chile (crit.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — "Mendoza" (ex SCOTT); REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — "Men- doza" (ex SCOTT) ; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Cordillera of Aconcagua (breeding), in winter in Nilahue" Valley, Curic6; idem, I.e., 25, p. 181, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua, alt. 2,000 to 3,000 metr. (spec, ex- amined). Uppucerthia rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 21, 1838 — Valparaiso, Cobija, Chile (spec, ex- amined). men at El Tome", and as there is only one in the Petrograd Museum, we have to regard the vicinity of Concepcion as type locality. • Cinclodes oustaleti oustaleti SCOTT: In general coloration similar to C. pata- gonicus chilensis, but considerably smaller with much slenderer bill; axillaries white or buffy white, instead of being mostly smoke-brown; middle of abdomen more or less extensively buffy white; under tail-coverts with fewer light markings. Wing (thirty specimens) 88-94; tail 63-70; bill 16-18, once 20. Birds from Caldera, Tofo (north of Coquimbo), Banos del Toro, Valparaiso, and Caj6n del Rio Blanco, Cordillera of Aconcagua have the back decidedly brown (varying from warm sepia to bister), and the flanks strongly washed with snuff brown, while those from Concepcion as well as a male from Maquehue, Temuco and three from Chiloe (Ancud) in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, are more sooty, less brownish on back and flanks, the dullest examples being indistinguishable from C. o. hornensis. The Temuco-bird, however, is hardly separable from some of the northern specimens, and an adult from Talca- huano (near Concepcion) is even an exact duplicate of the brown-backed Caldera skins with which the type in the British Museum was found to agree. While there is an undeniable tendency towards the characters of hornensis in the southern part of the range, the distinction does not seem to be constant enough to warrant the recognition of an additional race. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 33 Cillurus patagonicus (not of GMELIN) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860— Caldera, Chile (spec, examined). Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 424 — part, Chilean Cordillera (spec, in Brit. Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, v, Chilean Cordillera; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708, 1898 — part, spec, a, Talcahuano, Chile (spec, examined). Cinclodes patagonicus OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 65, in text, 1891 — Chile (spec, examined). Range : Chile, from Antofagasta (Cobija) south to Chiloe*. 18: Chile (Caldera, Prov. Atacama 10; Bafios del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 4; Concepcion 4). Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis Dabbeneb. CAPE HORN CINCLODES. Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis DABBENE, Physis, 3, No. 13, p. 58, March 1917 — Hermit Isl., near Cape Horn; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 185, 1919 — Hermit Isl. Cinclodes schistaceus REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 68, p. 240, 1920 — "Devasta- tion Isl." = Desolation Island, Str. of Magellan (type in Berlin Museum exam- ined); HELLMAYR, El Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 (crit.). Range: Extreme southern Chile (Cape Horn, Hermit Isl., London Isl., Desolation Isl.). Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii Ldnnberg*. JUAN FERNANDEZ CIN- CLODES. Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii LONNBERG in Skottsberg, The Natural History of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, 3, p. 4, 1921 — Masafuera and Masa- tierra. a The locality "Mendoza" requires confirmation. Although mentioned by Scott in the original description, I could not find any specimen from that locality in the British Museum. b Cinclodes oustaleti hornensis DABBENE: Similar to specimens of C. o. oustaleti, from Concepcion to Chiloe, in having the back and flanks sooty with very little brownish suffusion, but slightly larger, with generally longer bill. Wing (two males) 97, 100, (two females) 92, 93; tail 67-80; bill 19,20, once (type of C. schistaceus) 16. A rather unsatisfactory race of which I should like to see more material. While two males (from Cape Horn and London Island), have decidedly longer wings, a female from Cape Horn and the type of C. schistaceus hardly differ in size from the series of C. o. oustaleti. The bill appears to be generally longer, though again Reich- enow's type does not deviate in this respect from Chilean examples. 0 Cinclodes oustaleti baeckstroemii LONNBERG: Exactly like C. o. oustaleti, but sides of the body of a brighter rufous brown, and under tail-coverts more tinged with rufescent. Upper parts decidedly brown as in northern examples of the typical race. Wing 85-93; tail 64-67; bill 17-19. Three specimens from Masafuera in the British Museum examined. 34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Cindodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) REED, Ibis, 1874, p. 84 — Masafuera; SALVIN, I.e., 1875, p. 370, 376 — Masafuera; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, y-a1, Masafuera (spec, examined). Range : Juan Fernandez Islands. *Cinclodes fuscus fuscus ( Vieiilof). DUSKY CINCLODES. Anthus fuscus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., 26, p. 490, 1818 — based on Azara, No. 147, stated to be less rare in the plains of Montevideo and Buenos Aires than in "Paraguay". Vppucerthia vulgaris LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — part, Santa Fe" and Patagonia (types from Santa Fe in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 372, pl- 57. %• i. 1847 — part, Argentina. Cillurus minor CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — Araucana, Chile (type in Heine collection examined). Cindodes gilvus REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, May 1920 — Punta Arenas arid Tierra del Fuego (type in Berlin Museum examined); HELLMAYR, El Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 (crit.). Opetiorhynchos vulgaris DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 66, 1839 — Banda Oriental, La Plata, Tierra del Fuego, "Falkland Isl."; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. in, 1843 — Chile; HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia; GOULD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859, p. 95 — "Falkland Isl." (ex DARWIN). (?) Opetiorhynchus rupestris (not of KITTLITZ) BIBRA, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — Valparaiso. Cindodes vulgaris CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp., 2, p. 187, 1855 — Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 385 — "Falkland Isl." (ex DARWIN). Cindodes fuscus SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 185, 186 — Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas; HUDSON, I.e., 1872, p. 260 (habits); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 179 — Flores Isl., La Plata, Baradero, Buenos Aires; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 43, 1881 — from Buenos Aires south to the Rio Negro; SHARPE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1881, p. 8 — Peckett Harbor, Str. Magellan, Coquimbo; WHITE, I.e., 1882, p. 6 10 — Pucard, Catamarca; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — part, Coquimbo; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 205, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios; Puan, Carhu6, B. Aires; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 172, 1888 — part, Argentina, Chile; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 132, 1889 — Gregory Bay, Laredo Bay, Elizabeth Isl., Str. of Magellan; BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Chubut; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, a-u, x, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap. Horn, 6, p. B 63, 1891 — Orange Bay, Rio Gallegos, Punta Arenas, Cap Negro, Patagonia; Santa F6; Buenos Aires; Talcahuano, Chile; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, p. 182 — Uruguay; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 708, 1898 — part, Punta Arenas, Seno Almirantazgo, Cape EspirituS anto, Tierra del Fuego (spec, examined) ; SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 607 — Punta Arenas, Staten Isl.; IHERING, 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 35 Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul; GOSSE in FITZGERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — Puente del Inca, Prov. Mendoza, up to 12,000 ft. breeding (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 366, 1902 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; ARRIBAL- ZAGA, I.e., p. 164, 1902 — Lago General Paz, Chubut; LILLO, I.e., p. 189, 1902 — Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Rio Sail; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Auttm, 19, p. 62, 1906 — Montevideo, Santa F6, Buenos Aires; Punta Arenas, Rio Galligoschico, Orange Bay, Patagonia; Rio Grande, Brazil; Magallama, San Alfonso, Talca- huano, Chile; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 76, 1907 — Sara Settle- ment; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Los Ynglases, Aj6, B. Aires; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — El Challao, near Mendoza; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 — Cap San Antonio, B. Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Monte- video, Canelones, Maldonado; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, B. Aires; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, B. Aires; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Cinclodes fuscus fuscus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208, 1909 — . Cosquin, Cordoba; Barracas al Sud, B. Aires; city of Tucuman (spec, exam- ined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 152, 1919 (monog., range, synon.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — Nilahue', Curic6; idem, I.e., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 313, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Cillurus vulgaris BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Mendoza, Parana. Cillurus vulgaris fuscus (sic) STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cor- doba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. (?) Cinclodes minor REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, 1920 — Chile (diag.)8. Range: Extreme southern Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay; Argentina, south to Tierra del Fuego and Staten Islandb, west to the foot of the Andes in prov. Tucuman, Cordoba, and Men- doza; Chile, north to Prov. Atacama (Caldera)0. a The specimen identified by Reichenow as C. minor was kindly forwarded to my inspection by E. Stresemann. It is an adult bird in good condition, collected by Dr. Segeth (of Santiago) in Chile (place and date of capture not recorded). It com- bines the ochraceous wing band and strongly buff brown under parts of fuscus with the rufous brown back and rump of albiventris. Above, it is much more rufous than any other Chilean specimen. Even the type of C. minor is much duller and, besides, has no rufous on the rump. b Darwin's record from the Falkland Islands, where the bird has never been found since, is obviously a mistake. 0 With thirty Chilean and more than forty Argentine specimens before me, I am unable to make out any geographic races. Birds from Tierra del Fuego and south- eastern Patagonia (C. gilvus) are precisely similar to those from Buenos Aires, Entre- rios and Rio Grande do Sul which may be regarded as representing typical fuscus. Ten skins from Huanuluan (Gob. Rio Negro), two from the lowlands of Tucuman (Tucuman city, Rio Sali), and two from Mendoza are not different either. The majority from Chile are not distinguishable from the Argentine average, though the 36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 23: Chile (Caldera, Atacama i, Romero, Coquimbo i, San Fran- cisco, O'Higgins i, Concepcion 4, Lake Gualletue, Cautin 9, Rio Nire- guao 4) ; Argentina (City of Tucuman i , Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro 2) . Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus Chapman*. CHAPMAN'S CINCLODES. Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 41, p. 326, 1919 — Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman (type examined). Cillurus minor (not of CABANIS and HEINE) CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra de Cordoba (spec, in Berlin Museum examined); STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1897 — Tala, Carahuassi, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Rosario, Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — part. Cinclodes fuscus minor (not of CABANIS and HEINE) HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Lara, Las Cienagas, Tucuman; Cachi, Salta. Cinclodes fuscus rivularis (not of CABANIS) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 161, 1919 — part, Argentina localities. Range: High Andes of western Argentina, in prov. of Cordoba (Sierra de Cordoba, Sierra de Achala), Tucumdn, Salta, and Jujuy, from 7,000 ft. upwards. 'Cinclodes fuscus albiventris (Philippi and Landbeck)b. RUSTY- BACKED CINCLODES. Upucerthia albiventris PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Anal. Univ. Chile, 18 (i), p. 731, type of C. minor (Arauco) and one of our Concepcion birds have the back slightly more rufescent and the under parts deeper buffy brown. Material examined. — Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil i; Uruguay i; Prov. Buenos Aires 20; Prov. Santa F£ 2; Tucuman (city) i , Rio Sali i ; Cosquin, Cordoba 3 ; Mendoza i , Puente del Inca i ; Entrerios (Concepcion del Uruguay) 2; Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro 10; Tierra del Puego i; Straits of Magellan 4; Rio Gallegos 2; near Mt. Tigre, Patagonia i; Rio Coy i. — -Chile: Caldera i, Tofo i, Romero, Coquimbo i, Santiago 3, O'Higgins i, Concepcion 4, Cautin 9, Valdivia i, Casa Pangue, Llanquihu6 2, Rio Nireguao 4, unspecified 7. • Cinclodes fuscus tucumanus CHAPMAN: Similar to C. fuscus albiventris, but wing band deep buff, passing into ochraceous buff on secondaries, and upper parts on average slightly brighter. The coloring of the wing-band is the only constant character of this form. In C. f. albiventris this band is nearly white, but slightly tinged with buff on the second- aries. I find much individual variation in the tone of the upper parts, though none of the ten Argentine examples approaches the dullest extreme of albiventris. An adult from the Sierra de Cordoba and three from Cachi, Salta agree with six from the type locality while three others from Salta (Tala) are hardly different from albiventris. bA still earlier name may exist in Furnarius longipennis SWAINSON (Anim. Menag., p. 350, 1837, Peru). I hesitate, however, to adopt it, as Swainson calls the under parts "white," without mentioning either the dusky spotting of the throat or the rufescent brown flanks. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 37 1861 — vicinity of Arica, Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 27 (i), p. 290, 1861 — (reprint in German); PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Copacolla, Atacama; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 27, pi. 14, fig. 2, 1902 — Chile. Cillurus rivularis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Berlin Museum examined) ; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Junin. Uppucerthia vulgar-is LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — part, La Paz, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame'r. mend., Ois., p. 372, 1847 — part, Bolivia. Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, P- 985 — Chihuata, above Arequipa, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 569 — same local- ity; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 153 — Tungasuca near Tinta, Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 678 — Paucartambo, Cuzco; ALLEN, Bull Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 354, 1876 — Moho, Lake Titicaca; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 619 — Potosi, Oruro, La Paz, Chuquisaca, Sorata, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Chumisa, Cueva Negra, Sacaya, Cordillera of Tarapacd; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, bMi1, Peru; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Cajamarca, Cajabamba; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 134 — Sacaya, Tarapaca; idem, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Sacaya. Cinclodes rivularis TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 112, 1884 — Junin, Maraynioc, Candaravo, Paucartambo; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Canchacso; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 64, 1906 — La Paz, Bolivia; Yanavia, near Arequipa, Peru; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239, 1920 — Peru, Bolivia (diag.). Cinclodes fuscus rivularis CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — Idma Pampa, above Matchu Picchu, Ollantaytambo, Huaracondo Canyon, Urubamba region ; Tica-tica, Cuzco, La Raya, Peru. Cinclodes fuscus albiventris HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 67, 1920 — Ollachea, near Macusani, Puno, Peru (crit.). Cinclodes bifasciatus (not of SCLATER) OUSTALET, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B 65, 1891 — La Paz, Bolivia; Peruvian Andes between Arequipa and Cuzco (spec, examined). Cinclodes albiventris REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, 1920 — Potosi, Bolivia (spec, examined). Range: Andes of Peru, Bolivia, and northern Chile (in provinces of Tacna, Tarapaca, and Antofagasta)a. 26: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Junin 3, Cerro de Pasco 2, Huanuco Mts. 4, Puno 3); Bolivia (Silola, Dept. Potosi i); Chile, Antofagasta a Birds from Huanuco and Cajamarca incline to darker (less rufous) upper parts and somewhat deeper brown flanks, when compared to a series from Junin, Puno, and La Paz. Those from northern Chile and Potosi, on the other hand, average somewhat lighter and more rufescent above, thereby pointing to C. f. tucumanus. Fifty specimens examined. 38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. (Rio Loa i , San Pedro i , twenty miles east of San Pedro i , Ojo de San Pedro i), Tacna (Putre 4, Chungara i, Alcerraca i, Choquelimpie i). Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris Sclater*. ECUADORIAN CINCLODES. Cinclodes albidiventris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 77 — Chimborazo, Ecua- dor; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, I.e., 1885, p. 94 — Chimborazo, San Rafael; SALVADOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 360, p. 19, 1899— Culebrillas, Paramos del Azuay, Valleviciosa, Paramos de Cotopaxi; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 63, 1906 — Pichin- cha; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 239, 1920 — Ecuador (crit.). Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"og. Mes. Arc MeYid. Equat., 9, p. B 39, 1911 — Mozo, Pichincha; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922 — Pichincha. Cinclodes fuscus albiventris (not of PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Cayambe. Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, i^o1, Chimborazo, Sical, Ecuador. Range: Andes of Ecuador. Cinclodes fuscus oreobates Scott*. COLOMBIAN CINCLODES. Cinclodes oreobates SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXII, 1900 — Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 294, 1922 — Paramo de Macotama and Paramo de Chiruqua, Santa Marta Mts. Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, p'-r1, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13. P- 98, 1899 — Paramo de Chiruqua; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 (ex BANGS). Range: Andes of Colombia (Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, and Eastern Andes, in State of Boyaca)0. • Cinclodes fuscus albidiventris SCLATER: Above similar to C.f. albiventris, some- times even deeper rufous brown, but readily distinguishable by the deep cinnamom- eous (instead of white to buff) wing band; buff instead of white axillars and under wing-coverts; longer and brighter cinnamomeous tips to lateral rectrices, and by the under parts being more brownish, more like C. f. fuscus. Wing (four specimens from Chimborazo) 95-98; tail 65-69; bill 15.5-17. b Cinclodes fuscus oreobates SCOTT: Very nearly related to C. f. albidiventris, of Ecuador, but larger with longer bill; upper parts much less rufescent; wing band and tips to lateral rectrices lighter cinnamomeous, dusky spotting on throat more con- spicuous; middle of belly more whitish. Wing (twenty-three specimens) 102-110. once 113; tail 72-78; bill 18-20.5. c Ten specimens from the Andes of Boyaca (Lagunillas, Rio Negro) in the Car- negie Museum agree with a large series from the Santa Marta Mountains. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 39 *Cinclodes fuscus heterurus Madardsz*. VENEZUELAN CINCLODES. Cinclodes heterurus MADARAsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, p. 462, 1903 — Culata, San Antonio, Valle, Andes of MeYida; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 240, 1920 — Venezuela (diag.). Cinclodes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781, 786 — Paramo of Merida; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 23, 1890 — part, spec, s1, Paramo of M6rida. Range: Mountains of western Venezuela (Andes of Me"rida; T£ta de Niquitao, Trujillo; Paramo de Rosas, Lara)b. 8: Venezuela, Andes of Me'rida (Conejos 2, Nevados i, Culata 5). *Cinclodes atacamensis atacamensis (Philippi). WHITE-WINGED CINCLODES. Upucerthia atacamensis PHILIPPI, Arch. Naturg., 23 (i), p. 263, 1857 — San Pedro de Atacama, Chile; idem, Reise Wuste Atacama, p. 162, Zool. pi. 3, 1860 — same locality; idem, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Atacama, Copacolla; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 26, pi. 13, fig. i, 1902 — Atacama, Mendoza. Cinclodes atacamensis (subsp. ?) HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208, 1909 — Cerro Munoz, Tafi, Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 169, 1919 — part, La Quiaca, Maimara, Jujuy; Aconquija, Tafi, Prov. Tucuman; Quebrada del Toro, Prov. Salta; Cordillera de Mendoza. Cinclodes atacamensis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 68, 1920 — Ollachea, near Macusani, Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — La Raya, Pisac, Calca, Chospiyoc, Urubamba region, Peru; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Tunuyan, Prov. Mendoza. Cinclodes bifasciatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, "1858," p. 448, 1859 — Bolivia; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 780, 782 — Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1874, P- 678 — Paucartambo (crit.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. no, 1884 — Junin, Paucartambo; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 173, 1888 — Mendoza; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 25, 1890 — Bolivia; Paucartambo, Peru; Mendoza; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Chumisa, Sacaya, Sibaya, Cordillera of Tarapaca; idem, I.e., 1891, p. 134 — Sacaya; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Sacaya; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Acobamba, Haz. de Queta, near Tarma, Junin; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Coracora, Dept. Ayacucho; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 282, p. 17, 1897 — Carahuassi, Salta; GOSSE in FITZ- GERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — on the road from Inca to Vacas, Prov. Mendoza; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 449 — Puna of Jujuy (habits) ; LILLO, a Cinclodes fuscus heterurus MADARASZ: Nearest to C.f. oreobates, but easily sep- arable by having the three lateral pairs of rectrices almost wholly and of a brighter cinnamomeous color; besides, the median rectrices are more rufescent brown, the cinnamomeous wing-band is deeper, while wings and bill appear to be somewhat shorter. Wing (seventeen specimens) 95-100; tail 66-73; bill 17-19. b Specimens from Teta de Niquitao and Paramo de Rosas in the Carnegie Museum are obviously not different. 4o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Sierra de Malamala, Tafi, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 52, 1905 — same locali- ties; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, u, p. 254, 1904 — Salta, Dept. Rosario; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 290, 1910 — range in Argentina; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Cacheuta; REICHENOW, Journ. Orn., 68, p. 238, 1920 — Calama, Prov. Antofagasta; Mendoza (spec, in Ber- lin Museum examined). Cillurus bifasciatus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Junin. Range : Mountains of Peru (from Junin southward) , Bolivia, north- ern Chile (in provinces of Tarapacd and Antofagasta), and western Argentina (in provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, and Mendoza)". 9: Peru (Cerro de Pasco i); Chile (Antofagasta, Rio Loa i, San Pedro 2; Putre, Tacna i); Bolivia (Silola, Prov. Potosi 2); Argen- tina (Maimara, Jujuy 2). Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus Reichenowb. CORDOBA WHITE- WINGED ClNCLODES. Cinclodes schocolatinus REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 68, p. 238, 1920 — Cordoba (type from Cuesta Copina in Berlin examined). Cinclodes atacamensis (subsp. ?) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 30, p. 169, 1919 — part, Serra de Achala, Cordoba. Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus HELLMAYR, El Hornero, 2, p. 290, 1922 — Cordoba (crit.). Range : Argentina (Sierra de Cordoba, Prov. of Cordoba) . Cinclodes palliatus (Tschudi)*. WHITE-BELLIED CINCLODES. Cillurus palliatus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 281, 1844 — Peru; idem, • With the limited material at my command, I am not able to make out any racial distinction between specimens from Peru (Cerro de Pasco; Ollachea, near Macusani), Argentina (Jujuy, Sierra of Mendoza) and northern Chile (Calama, Rio Loa, San Pedro), although individual and seasonable variation is considerable. Two birds from the vicinity of Mendoza, while slightly deeper rufous brown above, show no approach toward C. a. schocolatinus, from Cordoba. It should also be mentioned that three Chilean examples, in contradiction to Philippi's description, have the foreneck conspicuously streaked with whitish and edged with smoke gray, like speci- mens from other localities. Fourteen skins examined. b Cinclodes atacamensis schocolatinus REICHENOW: The type, an unsexed adult in the Berlin Museum, differs from C. a. atacamensis by having the upper parts much deeper, chocolate rather than rufous brown; the lower surface, posterior to the foreneck, dark smoke brown, hardly paler along the middle line, and the flanks as well as the under tail-coverts much darker rufous brown. Wing 105 ; tail 84; bill 21. Although the type is much more deeply colored than any specimen of C. a. ata- camensis examined, I should like to see additional material from Cordoba. Dab- bene (I.e.), in speaking of a bird from this locality, insists on the darker flanks, but does not mention the other characters exhibited by the Cuesta Copina example. 0 C. palliatus, though remotely allied to C. atacamensis, differs, in addition to much larger proportions, by pure white under parts, conspicuous black loral spot, absence of white superciliaries, and other characters. Wing (two adult males) 126- 130; tail 98-103; bill 26-27. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 41 Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1846 — Montana de Vitoc, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Junin. Cindod.es palliatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678, in text — Junin (crit.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 109, 1884 — Montana de Vitoc, Ninarupa, Moyobamba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 26, 1890 — Peru. Heleodytes simonsi CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 19, p. 34, 1906 — Galera, Junin (type in British Museum examined). Range : Andes of Peru. Genus UPUCERTHIA Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire. Upucerihia GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, i, p- 393. 1832 — type Upucerthia dumetaria GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE. Ochetorhynchus MEYEN, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl., p. 80, 1834 — type Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus MEYEN. Coprotretis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — new name for Upucerthia GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE on grounds of purism. *Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire. PATAGON- IAN EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia dumetaria GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, i, p. 394, 1832 — Patagonia = banks of the Rio Negro (types in Paris Museum examined). Uppucerthia dumetorum LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 20, 1838 — no locality given. Upucerthia dumetoria GOULD in DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 66, pi. 19, 1839 — part, Rio Negro and Port Desire, Patagonia; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 187 — Possession Bay, Str. of Magellan; HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 259 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1872, p. 544 — Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 35 — eastern Chubut (nesting); idem, I.e., 1878, p. 395 — eastern Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 43, 1881 — on the way from Carhu^ to Puan, Sierra de Currumalan, Prov. Buenos Aires; Rio Color > ado and Rio Negro, Patagonia; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 205, 1883 — Puan and Carhu6, Prov. Buenos Aires; WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 466 — Lomas de Zamora, Prov. Buenos Aires (breeding) ; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 170, 1888 — part, Patagonia north to Buenos Aires; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, spec, n-t, Rio Negro, Chubut, Port Desire, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Rio Deseado, Prov. Santa Cruz, Patagonia; OUSTALET, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 67, 1891 — Missioneros, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1895, p. 216 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 709, 1898 — part, Punta Anegada, Tierra del Fuego (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910— part, Tierra del Fuego, Chubut, Rio Negro; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 — Cape San Antonio, 42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Buenos Aires. Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — part, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 312, 1923 — San Antonio, western Rio Negro, Lake Nahuel Huapi. Upucerthia propinqua RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 134, Feb. 1890 — Gregory Bay, Str. of Magellan (type in U. S. National Museum examined; =juv.)". Range : Patagonia, from Tierra del Fuego and the Straits of Magel- lan north to the Rio Colorado and Neuquen (Collon-Cura, Neuquen, Lake Nahuel Huapi); casually breeding even in Province of Buenos Aires (Lomas de Zamora), where not uncommon in winter; also recorded as winter visitor from Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios. 2: Argentina (Puerto San Antonio i, Huanuluan i). *Upucerthia dumetaria darwini Scottb. DARWIN'S EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia darwini SCOTT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. LXIII, 1900 — Mendoza, Argentina (type in British Museum examined; =juv.). Ochetorhynchus dumetoria BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 94, 1841 — eastern side of Chilian Andes, lat. 34-35° south. a Birds from the Straits of Magellan are identical with others from Patagonia. The type of U. propinqua, a bird in' juvenal plumage, characterized by more numer- ous roundish blackish edges on breast and abdomen, similar though less distinct markings on throat and foreneck, and short bill, agrees in every respect with a female in corresponding stage from Bariloche, Gob .Rio Negro (Mus. C. Z. No. 85390). R. Ridgway, when describing the supposed new species, compared it with specimens from Chile (Valle del Yeso) identified as U. d. dumetaria, which prove to belong to U. d. darwini. Shape and curvature of bill are extremely variable in different indi- viduals of dumetaria. Specimens examined. — Tierra del Fuego (Punta Anegada) 2, Straits of Magellan (Elizabeth Isl., Gregory Bay) 3, near Rio Coy, Patagonia 3, Huanuluan 7, Puerto San Antonio 5, Rio Negro 2, Puan, Prov. Buenos Aires i. b Upucerthia dumetaria darwini SCOTT: yery close to U. d. dumetaria, but above slightly more brownish, with a rufescent tinge on the wings, and generally more buffy below. Birds from San Juan (Angaco Sud, Media Agua) agree with a series from Mendoza, while ten specimens from Tucuman (Tafi del Valle) and Jujuy (Til- cara, Maimara) differ by their decidedly more brownish upper, and deeper buff under parts. In coloration above, they approach U. d. hallinani, but have brighter cin- namomeous tips to the lateral rectrices and are much deeper buff below, with the dusky ^quamate markings more pronounced. Three immature birds from Chile (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 175834 o*. Villa de los Piuquenes, Cord, de Aconcagua, Dec. 31, 1920, Rafael V. Barros; U. S. Nat. Museum, No. 48864-5, o", 9, Valle del Yeso, Prov. Santiago, January 1866, A. Philippi) appear to be inseparable from Jujuy examples, being very different from the common Earth-creeper of Central Chile ( U. d. saturatior) , and are obviously migrants from Argentina. Specimens examined. — Mendoza n, Cosquin, Cordoba i, Angaco Sud, San Juan 4, Media Agua, San Juan i, Tafi del Valle, Tucuman 7, Maimara, Jujuy 2, Tilcara, Jujuy 2, Valle del Yeso, Prov. Santiago 2, Villa de los Piuquenes, Prov. Aconcagua, Chile i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 43 Uppucerthia dumetoria (not of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) PHASER, P. Z. S. Lond., ii, p. in, 1843 — eastern side of Chilian Andes, lat. 34-35° south. Ochetorhynchus dumetorius BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 249, 1860 — Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Mendoza. Upucerthia dumetoria WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 — Cosquin, Cordoba (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, spec, k, Mendoza; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 134, Feb. 1890 — Valle del Yeso, Prov. Santiago, Chile (spec, examined); KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 281, 1895 — Chilecito, Rioja; GOSSE in FITZGERALD, The Highest Andes, p. 345, 1899 — Puente del Inca and Horcones Valley, Mendoza (spec, examined); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — Rio Sali; LCNNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Puna de Jujuy; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — part, La Rioja, Jujuy, Cordoba, Men- doza, Tucuman; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 180, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua (spec, examined). Coprotretis dumetoria STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Upucerthia fitzgeraldi ScoTT8, Bull. B. O. C., 10, p. 63, 1900 — Puente del Inca, Mendoza (type in British Museum examined). Upucerthia dumetaria darwini MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — Mendoza; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — Mendoza; Cosquin, Cordoba; Tucuman; Cachi, Salta. Upucerthia dumetoria darwini SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324, 1919 — Mendoza; Tafi del Valle, Tucuman; Angaco Sud, Media Agua, Prov. San Juan; GIACOMELLI, El Hornero 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Upucerthia dumetoria dumetoria (errore) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Mendoza. Range : Andes of western Argentina, from Mendoza, San Juan, and Cordoba north to Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy ; casually in central Chile (provinces of Santiago and Aconcagua). 2: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 2). *Upucerthia dumetaria hallinani Chapman*. HALLINAN'S EARTH- CREEPER. Upucerthia dumetoria hallinani CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324, Sept. 1919 — Tofo, sixty miles north of Coquimbo, Chile (type examined). a This supposed species was merely based on very worn specimens of U. darwini the type of which is a young bird in perfectly fresh plumage. Fortunately, in one of the original examples which is in the process of molting there are enough newly growing feathers to show that the squamate markings on foreneck and chest are just as well developed as in other individuals of darwini. b Upucerthia dumetaria hallinani CHAPMAN: Very similar to U. d. darwini, but upper parts paler, sandy rather than smoky; lower parts more whitish, only the 44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Upucerthia dumetoria (not U. dumetaria of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) DARWIN, Zoo\. Beagle, 3, p. 66, 1839 — part, Coquimbo; PHILIPPI, Reise Wueste Ata- cama, p. 161, 1860 — banks of the Rio Atacama; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324, 338 — Coquimbo; SHARPS, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Coquimbo; PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Atacama, Copacolla; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., !$» P- !?> I89o — part, spec, a-c, Coquimbo; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 4, p. 709, 1898 — part, Coquimbo, La Serena (spec, examined). Range : Northern Chile, from Coquimbo to Antofagasta. 15: Chile (Romero, near Coquimbo 4, Bafios del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 3; Domeyko 3, near Caldera i, Ramadilla, Copiap6 valley, Prov. Atacama i ; Rio Loa, Prov. Antofagasta 3). "Upucerthia dumetaria saturatior Scott*. CHILIAN EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia saturatior SCOTT, Bull. B. O. Cl., 10, p. 63, March 1900 — "Central Chile" (type in British Museum examined). Upucerthia tamucoensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 27, p. 101, 1911 — Temuco, Prov. Cautin (type in British Museum examined). Uppucerthia dumetoria (not of GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE) CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exped., 2, p. 188, 1855 — Chile; PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., I, V6gel, p. 58, 1865 — Chile (spec, examined). Upucerthia dumetoria ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88, 1889 — Valpar- aiso; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 17, 1890 — part, Chile; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 143, 1920 — Nilahu6, Prov. Curico. Upucerthia dumetaria dumetaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 54, 1906 — part, spec, f, g, Chile. Upucerthia dumetoria saturatior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 324, 1919 — Santiago, Valparaiso. chest and flanks pale buff, with fewer and narrower squamate markings on foreneck; tips to lateral rectrices brighter cinnamomeous; wings on average shorter. Similar also to U. d. dumetaria, but wings generally shorter, bill longer, dusky markings below narrower and more restricted, flanks more buffy brown, etc. Wing (male) 100-106, (female) 95-100; tail 77-88; bill 33-38. Birds from Romero, Prov. Coquimbo are darker below, approaching U. d. sat- uratior. Seventeen specimens from Coquimbo to Antofagasta examined. • Upucerthia dumetaria saturatior SCOTT: Differs at a glance from the other races by very much darker olive or sepia brown upper parts, without paler tips to the wing-coverts; tawny rather than cinnamomeous basal portion of remiges; deep olive or sepia brown median rectrices; generally wider, deeper cinnamon rufous tips to lateral rectrices; much darker, avellaneous rather than buffy under parts, with the blackish margins on foreneck and chest much more pronounced, and the flanks dark wood or sooty brown; decidedly shorter, stouter, deeper blackish bill. Wing (male) 97-104, (female) 93-100; tail 75-84; bill 28-32. Eight specimens from Cautin, including the type of U. tamucoensis, are not sep- arable from the series taken between Concepcion and Valparaiso. The type of U. saturatior is an exact duplicate of the Olmu6 skin. Two birds from Santiago, without date of capture, are also referable to this race. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 45 Range: Central Chile, from Valparaiso and Santiago south to Cautin. 14: Chile (Olmue, Prov. Valparaiso i; Zeno i; Quirihue", Prov. Maule i ; Hacienda Gualpencillo, near Concepcion 7 ; Villa Portales i , Rio Lolen 2, Lake Gualletue", Prov. Cautin i). *Upucerthia validirostris validirostris (Burmeister)*. BUFF-BELLIED EARTH-CREEPER. Ochetorhynchus validirostris BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., a, p. 464, 1861 — Sierra de Mendoza (type in Halle Museum examined). Ochetorhynchus andicola (not Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza. Upucerthia validirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — "Pampas of Argentine Republic"; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucu- man; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — Cerro Munoz, La Cienaga, Prov. Tucuman; Cachi, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — La Cienaga, Prov. Tucuman; "Pampas," "Mendoza." Upucerthia dabbenei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 325, 1919 — above Tafi del Valle, Prov. Tucuman. Range: Andes of western Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza, Tucumanb, and Salta. *Upucerthia validirostris pallida Taczanowski0. PALE EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia pallida TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 71 — "Junin," Peru; a Upucerthia validirostris is quite distinct specifically, differing from the dutne- taria group by much stronger and more convex bill; the wholly orange cinnamon three outer pairs of rectrices; light pinkish cinnamon instead of buffy superciliaries and lower parts, the foreneck and chest without conspicuous dusky squamate mark- ings; more strongly defined and deeper tawny area on wings, etc. Wing 95-98: tail 87-91 ; bill 38-39. b Birds from Tucuman ( U. dabbenei) are obviously inseparable from 0. validiros- tris. On comparing four specimens from Cerro Munoz with the type in the Halle Museum, I found them to agree in all essential features except that they were just a slight shade more grayish above and somewhat brighter pinkish cinnamon below, with faint traces of grayish edges on foreneck and lower throat, which are barely indicated on a few feathers in Burmeister's example. These insignificant variations are, however, easily accounted for by the immaturity of the type. Although orig- inally described from the Sierra of Mendoza, U. validirostris has never been found there again, and I would not be surprised if the type locality proved to be erroneous. 0 Upucerthia validirostris pallida TACZANOWSKI: This is not a very strongly marked race, differing only by generally smaller size, shorter bill, somewhat paler under parts, and paler brown median rectrices. All of these characters are, how- ever, more or less variable, and some of the birds from Tacna closely approach- U. v. validirostris in size and coloration. 1 am rather doubtful as to the applicability of the name pallida. Taczanowski's description, while corresponding to the birds from southern Peru and Bolivia, was 46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. idem, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 107, 1884 — "Junin"; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Sondor, Salazara, Caraveli, Prov. Ayacucho; CHAP- MAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 81, 1921 — Tirapata, Titicaca basin; La Raya, Tica-tica, head of Urubamba Valley. Upucerthia jelskii (not of CABANIS) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 354, 1876 — Conima, Lake Titicaca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — part, spec, d, e, Bolivia; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 134 — Sacaya, Cord, of Tarapacd; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 37 — Sacaya, Huasco, Tarapaca, Chile; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno, Peru. Upucerthia validirostris (not of BURMEISTER) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55, 1906 — Chile. Range: Andes of southern Peru (in depts. Cuzco, Puno, and Aya- cucho), Bolivia (in prov. La Paz, Oruro, and Potosi), and northern Chile (in prov. Tacna and Tarapaca). 7: Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna 7). *Upucerthia validirostris jelskii (Cabanis)*. JELSKI'S EARTH-CREEPER. Coprotretis jelskii CABANisb, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 98, 1874 — Junin (type in Berlin Museum examined). Upucerthia jelskii TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Junin; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 106, 1884 — Junin; between Huancayo and the Cordillera of based upon two examples from "Junin" in the Raimondi collection. All the speci- mens I have feen from the Junin district are, however, clearly referable to U. v. jel- skii which is certainly but a northern race of the present bird. I cannot help think- ing that there is some mistake about the type locality of U. pallida. MEASUREMENTS U. validirostris pallida Two males, Tirapata, Titicaca basin Two females, Tirapata One male, Anta, Cuzco, Peru One male, La Paz, Bolivia Two females, Mauri, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia Two males, Potosi, Bolivia Three males, Oruro, Bolivia (Sajama) Six males, Prov. Tacna, Chile Two females, Prov. Tacna, Chile U. validirostris jelskii Four males, Junin Three females, Junin One male, Cerro de Pasco a Upucerthia validirostris jelskii (Cabanis) : Similar to U. v. pallida, but less buffy below; median rectrices much darker brown, the lateral ones dusky brown faintly tinged with rufescent (instead of bright orange cinnamon), and the cinnamon area of the remiges barely suggested. Seven specimens, including the type, from Junin and one from Cerro de Pasco examined. b An earlier name is possibly Upucerthia hypoleuca REICHENBACH (Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 214, pi. s62b = 607, fig. 4072, 1853), supposed to be from "Chile." WING TAIL BILL 89,91 77,77 3i-5,32 85,86 71,72 31,33 91 78 28 88 74 31 86,88 74,74 32,38 87,89 72,75 31,32 85,88,88 74,78,78 33-5,37,37-5 89-97 79-85 32-36 86,90 79,79 32-5,35 84,85,86,87 66,68,70,73 3i,3i-5,32.5,32.5 81.5,82,85 65,70 30,31,32 86 69 31 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 47 Huaritanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — part, spec, a-c, Junin, Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Queta, near Tarma, Junin. Range: Central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Cerro de Pasco, Junin, Inga- pirca, Queta, Chipa, Huancayo). i : Peru (Cerro de Pasco i). *Upucerthia serrana Taczanowski*. STRIATED EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia serrana TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 525 — Junin and Acan- cocha, Peru; idem, 1. c., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 107, 1884 — Cutervo, Acancocha, Junin; SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 13, 1895 — Caja- marca, Huamachuco, Cajabamba; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Palcayamo, Queta; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 331, 1906 (range). Upucerthia andicola (not Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 19, 1890 — Cutervo, Maraynioc. Cinclodes neglectus CORY, Auk, 36, p. 89, 1919 — Mountains near Otuzco, Peru (=juv.). Range ; Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts Cajamarca, Libertad, Huanuco, and Junin. 5: Peru (Mts. near Otuzco i, Hudnuco Mts. 3, La Quinua i). Upucerthia andaecola Lafresnaye and D'0rbignyb. RUFOUS-TAILED EARTH-CREEPER. Uppucerthia andaecola LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 21, 1838 — La Paz, Sicasica, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum exam- ined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55, Description and figure, while generally agreeing with the characters of U. jelskii, are inadequate for proper identification, and the type does not any longer exist in the Dresden Museum, as I am kindly informed by Dr. Arnold Jacobi. • Upucerthia serrana TACZANOWSKI: Related to U. andaecola and, like it, with uniform rufous tail, but larger, with culmen more strongly curved; pileum and upper back dark earthy brown, with narrow buff shaft streaks on forehead and hindneck; upper wing-coverts and outer webs of remiges much brighter russet; under parts darker, more washed with grayish brown, conspicuously streaked with buff on chest and sides; flanks much less buffy brown. Wing (four males) 86-88, (three females) 83-87; tail 84-90; bill 24-27. The only adult specimen seen from northern Peru (Cajabamba) being in very worn condition, is not properly comparable with a series of newly molted birds from Junin and Huanuco. The type of Cinclodes neglectus is a bird in fluffy juvenile plu- mage with undeveloped bill. Although probably but a northern race of U. andae- cola, this species is too little known to admit the use of a trinomial designation. b Eight specimens from Bolivia (La Paz 6, Vacas i, Sicasica i) examined. 48 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1906 — La Paz, Sicasica (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 331, 1906 — Bolivia (crit.). Uppucerthia andecola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 371, pi. 56, fig. 2, 1847 — La Paz, Inquisivi, Totora, "Valle Grande," Bolivia. Upucerthia bridgesi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 32 — Bolivia (types in Brit- ish Museum examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 19, 1890 — Bolivia. (?) Upucerthia serrana (not of TACZANOWSKI) LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — El Volcan, Prov. Jujuy; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914 (ex LILLO). Range: Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz and Cochabamba; (?) northwestern Argentina (Prov. Jujuy) a. *Upucerthia ruficauda (Meyen)b. MEYEN'S EARTH-CREEPER. Ochetorhynchus ruficaudus MEYEN°, Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. Carol., 16, Suppl., p. 81, pi. ii, 1834 — foot of Volcan of Maipu, Prov. Santiago, Chile; BUR- MEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Sierra de Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 463, 1861 — Sierra de Uspallata, Mendoza. Uppucerthia montana LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 22, 1838 — Palca (above Tacna), "Peru" = Chile (type in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 371, pi. 56, fig. i, 1847 — on the plateaux of Bolivia and "Peru," principally in the vicin- ity of La Paz. Upucerthia baeri OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 43, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucu- man (type in Paris Museum examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — Lara, Cerro Muftoz, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910— same localities. Enicornis striata ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 89, 1889 — "Chile, prob- ably Valparaiso" (?) (type examined). Cinclodes montanus TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 235, 1846 — Palca (ex D'OR- BIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 108, 1884 — Palca (ex D'ORBIGNY), Arequipa, Peru. Upucerthia ruficauda SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 619 — La Paz (ex D'ORBIGNY); SCLATER, I.e., 1886, p. 398 — Lalcalhuay, Cord, of Tara- paca, Chile; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — Chile, Men- doza; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 88, 1889 — Valparaiso (?); a Argentina specimens which we have not seen are more likely to be referable to U. andaecola than to the Peruvian U. serrana, b Upucerthia ruficauda (MEYEN), in general coloration, bears a striking similarity to U. andaecola, but may be recognized by the inner web of the second to fifth rectrix being partly or wholly black; by much less conspicuous, pale cinnamon instead of dark brown striping of the flanks, paler, almost whitish superciliaries, and decidedly straighter bill. In spite of their close resemblance I hesitate to treat them as sub- species, since their ranges appear to overlap in Bolivia. 0 Although the figure is barely recognizable, the description of the tail markings corresponds exactly to the species afterwards named U. montana by Lafresnay e and D'Orbigny. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 49 SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 20, 1890 — Mendoza; Laguna Colguapa, Chubut; Bolivia; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes, p. 346, 1899 — Aconcagua, Puente del Inca, Sierra of Mendoza; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 57, 1906 — Palca, Chile; Lara, Tucuman (crit.); LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — Cordilleras of Mendoza; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1906 — Prov. Mendoza. Upucerthia ruficaudus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — Cerro Munoz, Prov. Tucuman. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of southern Peru (Dept. Arequipa), Bolivia (depts. La Paz and Potosi), Chile (from Prov. Tacna south to Santiago), and Argentina (prov. Tucuman and Mendoza, also once recorded from Laguna Colguapa, western Chubut) a. 1 1 : Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna i ; twenty miles east of San Pedro, Prov. Antofagasta 4; Banos del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 6). Upucerthia certhioides certhioides (Lafresnaye and D'0rbigny)b. LAPRESNAYE'S EARTH-CREEPER. \ Anabates certhioides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Corrientes, Argentina (type in Paris Museum examined). Ochetorhynchus luscinia BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 464, 1861 — part, Parana, Entrerios0. Upucerthia luscinia SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — part, Parand; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 — part, Ocampo. Upucerthia certhioides MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Nat. Hist. Autun, 19, p. 56, 1906 — Corrientes; San Vicente, Prov. Santa F6 (crit.). Upucerthia certhioides certhioides HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 207, 1909 — San Vicente, Mocovi, Ocampo, Prov. Santa F6 (breeding habits). Range: Eastern Argentina, in provinces of Santa Fe", Corrientes, and Entrerios. a While there is much individual variation in the amount of black on the lateral rectrices and the striping beneath, I am unable to make out any racial distinction between birds from Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Specimens examined. — Chile: Putre i, Palca, Tacna i; Antofagasta, Ascotan i, Pugios i, twenty miles east of San Pedro 4; "Valparaiso" i; Banos del Toro, Co- quimbo 6. Bolivia: Mauri, near Corocoro, Dept. La Paz i, Potosi 3. Argentina: Sierra of Mendoza 2, Prov. Tucuman, Lara i. Cerro Munoz 3. b Upucerthia certhioides certhioides (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) : Differs from U. certhioides luscinia by much more rufous brown upper parts, flanks, and under tail-coverts. Wing 66-70; tail 67-70; bill 23-25. Besides the type from Corrientes, I have examined four specimens from Prov. Santa F<§ (San Vicente, Ocampo, Mocovi) in the Tring Museum. 0 Burmeister obviously did not secure specimens at Parana. The two marked types in the Halle Museum as well as a third skin of Burmeister's in the British Museum are from Mendoza. 50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. TTpucerthia certhioides luscinia (Burmeister) . WARBLING EARTH- CREEPER. Ochetorhynchus luscinia BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — "uberall im mittleren und westlichen Gebiet" (the types examined in the Halle Mu- seum are from Mendoza); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 464, 1861 — part, Mendoza; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra de Cordoba; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Upucerthia luscinia SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 610 — Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 171, 1888 — part, western Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 20, 1890 — Mendoza, Catamarca, Cordoba, Salta (spec, examined); KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 281, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1891 — Tala, Salta; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Tapia, Vipos, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 51, 1905 — same localities; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Vina, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Tapia, Tucumdn; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, J9, P- 56, 1906 — Cordoba, Tapia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 289, 1910 (range, excl. Ocampo, Chaco). Upucerthia certhioides luscinia HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 208, 1909 — Vipos, Tapia, Prov. Tucuman; Catamarca (city); Arenal, Prov. Salta; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Upucerthia luscinia luscinia REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 30, 1916 — Las Heras, Mendoza. Range: Western Argentina, from Mendoza and the western sec- tion of Cordoba (Sierra) north to Tucuman and Salta*. 5: Argentina, Prov. Tucumdn (Leales 3, Tapia i, Trancas i). Upucerthia harterti Berkpsch*. HARTERT'S EARTH-CREEPER. Upucerthia, harterti BERLEPSCH, Bericht 17. Jahresvers. Allg. Deuts. Orn. Ges., 1892, p. 10, Dec. 25, 1892 — Valle grande (type) and Trigal, eastern Bolivia (spec, examined); idem, Journ. Ornith., 40, p. 452, 1893 — (reprint). Range: Bolivia, in eastern section of Dept. Cochabamba (Trigal, Valle Grande). * Twelve specimens from Tucuman and Salta are not different from eight others taken in prov. Mendoza, Catamarca, and Cordoba (Cosquin). b Upucerthia harterti BERLEPSCH: Resembling U. certhioides in proportions and shape of bill, but differing by the absence of the rufous brown forehead; pale buff (instead of chestnut) superciliaries ; more rufous brown upper tail-coverts and rec- trices; pale buff (instead of dingy grayish brown) under parts (except the throat which is white in both species), with more fulvous flanks and under tail-coverts. Wing (two females) 65, 67; tail 70; bill 24. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 51 TTpucerthia excelsior* excelsior (Sclater). STOUT-BILLED EARTH- CREEPER. Cinclodes excelsior SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 77 — Mt. Chimborazo (type) and Pichincha, Ecuador. Upucerthia excelsior TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94 — San Rafael, Chimborazo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 18, 1890 — Pichincha, Panza, Quito, Sical, Ecuadorb; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Cayambe; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 1 8, 1899 — Paredones, Paramos of Azuay, Chaupi (Illiniza), Vallevicioso (Cotopaxi); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 — Pichincha, Pedregal, Coraz6n; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 55, 1906 — Pichincha, Tumbaco; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 38, 1911 — same localities; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922 — Pichincha, below Guamani, west of Papallacta. Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador. 3: Ecuador (Pichincha 3). *Upucerthia excelsior columbiana Chapman0. COLOMBIAN STOUT- BILLED EARTH- CREEPER. Upucerthia excelsior columbiana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, p. 148, 1912 — Paramo of Santa Isabel, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 401, 1917 — Santa Isabel. Range: Temperate Zone of the Quindio Andes (Santa Isabel), Colombia. 2: Colombia (Santa Isabel 2). Genus ENICORNIS Gray. Eremobius (not Eremobia STEPHENS 1829) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 69, Nov. 1839 — type by monotypy Eremobius phoenicurus GOULD. Enicornis G. R. GRAY, List Genera Birds, p. 17, 1840 — new name for Eremobius GOULD. Henicornis AGASSIZ, Nomencl. Zool. Index, p. 178, 1846 — emendation. *Enicornis phoenicurus (Gould}. RED-TAILED ENICORNIS. Eremobius phoenicurus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 69, pi. 21, Nov. 1839 — Port Desire, San Julian, and Santa Cruz, east coast of Patagonia 8 This species is hardly congeneric with U. dumetaria and shows affinities to Cinclodes. b The bird from Tilotilo, Yungas of Bolivia, doubtless belongs to some other species unless the locality be erroneous. 0 Upucerthia excelsior columbiana CHAPMAN: Similar to U. e. excelsior, but slightly darker above, and more whitish below, with the brown areas of a deeper, less ful- vous tinge. 52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. (spec, in Brit. Museum examined), and "eastern valleys of the barren Cor- dillera, near Mendoza" a. Upucerthia phoenicura DBS MURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., i, p. 280, 1847 (ex GOULD). Henicornis phoenicurus DURNFORD, Ibis, 1878, p. 395 — Chubut; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 173, 1888 — "Chile" (errore), and Patagonia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — range; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — "Mendoza." Henicornis phoenicura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 26, 1890 — Santa Cruz, Port Desire, San Julian, Chubut; SALVADORI, Ibis, 1908, p. 451 (synon., range). Henicornis wallisi Scorrb, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 10, p. LXIII, 1900 — Arroyo Eke (type) and Chubut, Patagonia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — western Patagonia. Eremobius phoenicurus wallisi PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 314, 1923 — Maquinchao, Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (crit.). Range: Patagonia, from the Gobernacion del Rio Negro south to Santa Cruz. i : Argentina (Maquinchao, Gob. del Rio Negro i). Genus CHILIA Salvador*. Chilia SALVADORI, Ibis (9), 2, p. 451, 1908 — type by orig. desig. Enicornis melan- ura GRAY. *Chilia melanura melanura (G. R. Gray), MOUNTAIN Tococo. Enicornis melanura G. R. GRAY, Genera of Birds, i, p. 133, pi. 41, 1846 — no locality given (the type examined in the Brit. Mus. is from Chile); MENEGAUX and HELLMATR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 64, 1906 — Santiago, Chile. Henicornis Gouldi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 24, 1859 — "Patagonia" (errore) and Chile (synon. part) (type examined ;=juv.); PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile. Henicornis melanura SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 27, 1890 — Cordillera de Santiago, Chile. Chilia melanura SALVADORI, Ibis, 1918, p. 454 (synon., crit.). * Only seen, no specimens obtained. Its occurrence near Mendoza, thus, requires confirmation. b This supposed race is obviously inseparable, since the coloration of the tail used as principal character for its discrimination proves to be exceedingly variable. While Darwin's three original examples from the Patagonian east coast have a con- spicuous rufous area at the base of the median rectrices, these are wholly brown in three others from Santa Cruz, in the American Museum of Natural History. In a small series from Chubut (Colhu6-Amapi) at Tring, two have uniform brown middle tail feathers, while a third specimen has the inner web for about an inch rufous. On the other hand, all the birds in a series of fifteen from western Rio Negro, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, have brown median rectrices. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 53 Henicornis (Chilia) melanura BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 181, 1923 — Cordillera of Prov. Aconcagua (habits). Range: Central Chile, in provinces of Aconcagua, Santiago and Valparaiso. i : Chile (Lliu Lliu, above Limache, Prov. Valparaiso i). *Chilia melanura atacamae subsp. nov.a. NORTHERN MOUNTAIN Tococo. Ericornis (sic) melanura (not of GRAY) CASSIN in Gilliss, U. S. Astron. Exp. South Hemisph., 2, p. 188, pi. 21, fig. i, 1855 — Chile. Range : Northern Chile, in Province of Atacama. 4: Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 4). Genus LIMNORNIS Gould. Limnornis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, Nov. 1839 — type by subs, desig. (Gray, 1840) Limnornis curvirostris GOULD. Limnophyes (not of EATON 1875) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 34 — type by monotypy Limnornis curvirostris GOULD. Thryolegus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 210 — new name for Limnophyes SCLATER. *Limnornis curvirostris Gould. CURVE-BILLED REED-RUNNER. Limnornis curvirostris GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 81, pi. 25, 1839 — Maldonado, Uruguay; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; BURMEISTER, I.e., p. 636 — shore of Rio de La Plata near Buenos Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 182 — Prov. Buenos Aires (habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 191, 1888 — Argen- tina (habits); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 5, p. 299, pi. n, fig. 9 (egg), 1902 — Buenos Aires (nest and eggs descr.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 215, 1909 — Punta Lara, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires. a Chilia melanura atacamae subsp. nov. Type from Domeyko (63 kilom. south of Vallenar), Atacama, Chile, in Field Museum of Natural History, No. 54164. Adult male, August n, 1923. C. C. San- born. Similar to C. m. melanura, of central Chile, but differs at a glance by its very much paler coloration; pileum and back being drab (instead of deep bister), the former slightly more grayish; rump, upper and under tail-coverts, base of rectrices and wing-band hazel instead of chestnut ; upper wing-coverts grayish brown, edged with cinnamon drab, instead of dusky brown, edged with bister; superciliaries more purely white and more sharply defined; breast light grayish, streaked with white, instead of plain smoky brownish gray; flanks somewhat paler brown; bill decidedly slenderer and slightly shorter. Wing 80-85; tail 77-84; bill 22-23. This strongly marked form is obviously the northern representative of C. melan- ura, hitherto the only member of the genus. It is faithfully depicted in the report on the collections of the U. S. Astronomical Expedition under Lieut. J. M. Gilliss. 54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Limnophyes curvirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 76, 1890 — Maldon- ado, Montevideo, Uruguay; Conchitas, Belgrano, Rio Lujan, Buenos Aires. Limnophges (sic) curvirostris IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul (spec, examined). Thryolegus curvirostris IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 — Las Talas, Prov. Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — Prov. Buenos Aires; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 392, 1916 — La Plata; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena, Prov. Entrerios; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 — San Isidro, Prov. B. Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires, Uruguay. Range : Reed-beds of the Rio La Plata in eastern Argentina (from Buenos Aires north to Entrerios) and Uruguay, and of the Lagoa dos Patos in Province of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. 2: Argentina (Barracas al Sud i, Quilmes i). LIMNOCTITES genus nov.». Limnoctites rectirostris (Gould)0. STRAIGHT-BILLED REED-RUNNER. Limnornis rectirostris GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, pi. 26, 1839— Maldonado, Uruguay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 77, 1890 — Mal- donado (spec, examined). Range : Reed-beds of the La Plata River near Maldonado, Uruguay. Subfamily SYNALLAXINAE. Genus SYLVIORTHORHYNCHUS DesMurs. Sylviorthorhynchus DESMURS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., I, p. 315, 1847 — type Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DESMURS. Schizura CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — new name for Sylvior- thorhynchus DESMURS. Silviorthrorhynchus BOECK, Naumannia, 1855, p. 501 — emendation. * Limnoctites genus nov. Allied to Limnornis GOULD, but wings and tarsi very much shorter ; rectrices much narrower and pointed at the tip, instead of broadly rounded, with the inner web distinctly emarginate subapically; bill much more slender and strongly compressed laterally; culmen nearly straight. Type: Limnornis rectirostris GOULD. b In coloration, this species bears a remarkable likeness to Limnornis curvirostris, yet it differs by the large, bright cinnamon rufous patch on the wing, formed by the lesser, median, and outer webs of the greater upper wing-coverts, as well as by the much less distinct superciliary being reduced to a short dingy grayish postocular streak. The upper parts, too, appear to be of a somewhat lighter, more olivaceous hue. Wing (two specimens) 59, 65; tail about 56; tarsus 17; bill 24, 25. I* Darwin's two specimens in the British Museum are the only ones in existence. Although the tail is incomplete in both of the types, there can be no question as to this bird being quite distinct from Limnornis curvirostris found in the same region. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 55 *Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DesMurs. DssMuRs's SPINE-TAIL. Sylviorthorhynchus desmurii DssMuRS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., p. 316, Orn. pi. 3, 1847 — Prov. Valdivia, particularly near Corral, Chile (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, p. 6, 1847 — Chile; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 65, 1906 — Chile. Sylviorthorhynchus malur aides DssMuRS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, pi. 45 [ = 46], 1847; idem, in Chenu, Encycl. Hist. Nat., 3, p. 155, 1852 — Chile; HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia (crit.). Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865— Chiloe Id. Sylviorthorhynchus desmursi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 31, 1890 — Chile, Smythe's Channel; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — Rio Bueno, Prov. Valdivia (habits); NICOLL, Ibis, 1904, p. 46 — Gray's Harbor, Messier Channel; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 245, 1913 — western Chubut, and southern Neuquen. Silviorthrorhynchus Desmurii BOECK, Naumannia, 5, p. 501, 1855 — Valdivia. Range: Southern Chile, from Concepcion down to the Magellan Territory (Gray's Harbor, Messier Channel; Smythe's Channel) and adjacent portions of Argentina (western Chubut and southern Neuquen) . 16: Chile (Rio Aysen 2; Melinka, Ascension Id., Guaitecas Ids. i; Mafil, Prov. Valdivia 5; Quellon, Chiloe Id. 2; Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 3; Hacienda Gualpencillo, near Concepcion 3.) Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. Philippi*. PHILIPPI'S SPINE-TAIL. Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. PHILIPPI, Bol. Mus. Nac. Chile, i, No. 3, p. 65, 1909 — Valdivia, Chile. Range: Chile (Valdivia). Genus APHRASTURA Oberholser. Oxyurus (not of RAFINESQUE 1810) SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, p. 354, 1827 — characters, but no type given; idem, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 313, July 1837 — type Oxyurus australis SWAINSON = Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN. Aphrastura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 210 — type Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN. * Sylviorthorhynchus fasciolatus F. PHILIPPI : The single specimen forming the basis of this supposed species is described as being similar to 5. desmurii, but with the under parts paler, more buffy whitish, and with (twelve or more) narrow, blackish transverse bands on the outer web of the primaries. I am rather inclined to attribute these characters to individual variation, for I can hardly believe that two nearly allied species should occur together near Valdivia. Not one of our sixteen examples of 5. desmurii shows the slightest trace of dark bars on the wing, but the coloration of the lower surface varies much individually. $6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Aphrastura spinicauda spinicauda (Gmeliri). THORN-TAILED CREEPER. Motacilla spinicauda GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 978, 1789 — based on Latham, Gen. Syn. Birds, 2 (2), p. 463, No. 71, pi. 52, Tierra del Fuego. Synallaxis tupinieri LESSON, Man. d'Orn., i, p. 281, 1828 — Prov. Concepcion, Chile; idem, Voy. Coquille, Zool., i, livr. 10, p. 665, pi. 29, fig. i, 1829. Oxyurus australis SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 313, July 1837 — based on Latham, pi. 52. Oxyurus ornatus SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 324, Dec. 1837 — Chile. Oxiurus patagonicus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 135, 1842 (new name for Sylvia spinicauda LATHAM, Ind. Orn., 2, p. 518, 1790, Tierra del Fuego). Motacilla seticauda FORSTER, Descript. Anim., p. 328, 1844 — Tierra del Fuego. Oxyurus tupinieri GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 81, 1839 — Tierra del Fuego and Chile as far north as a degree south of Valparaiso. Synallaxis spinicauda BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile; DEsMuRS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., I, p. 292, 1847 — Chile. Oxyurus spinicauda HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 211, 1853 — Valdivia; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324, 338 — Chile; SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1868, p. 187 — Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 — Port Otway, Puerto Bueno, Puerto Churruca; SHARPE, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Puerto Riofrio, Trinidad Channel, Str. of Magellan; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Mus., 12, 1889, p. 132, Feb. 1890 — Laredo Bay, Port Otway, Chile; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 30, 1890 — Santiago, Chile; Straits of Magellan; Hermit Id., Tierra del Fuego; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 69, 1891 — Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuegoa; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 38 — Maquegua, Prov. Arauco; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 707, 1898 — Seno Almiran- tazgo, Tierra del Fuego; NICOLL, Ibis, 1904, p. 45 — Churruca Bay, Str. of Magellan; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 78, col. pi., 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement. Oxyurus spinicaudus PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile; CABANIS and REICHENOW, Journ. Ornith., 24, p. 323, 1876 — Str. of Magellan; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — "Mapiri" (!). Aphrastura spinicauda SALVADORI, Ann. Mus. Civ. St. Nat. Genova, (2) 20 "1899," p. 617, Dec. 1900 — Port Cook, Staten Isl., Punta Arenas; ARRIBAL- ZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164, 1902 — Lago General Paz, Chubut; DABBENE, I.e., p. 367, 1902 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, p. 292, 1910 — Tierra del Fuego, Staten Id., Lago General Paz, Chubut; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue', Prov. Curic6; idem, 1. c., 28, p. 34, 1924 — Huelquen, O'Higgins; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — Lake Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro. 8 Topotypical specimens from Tierra del Fuego which we have not seen are claimed by Oustalet (I.e.) to differ from Chilean birds by more brownish upper parts and less rufous rump and tail. If separable, the latter would have to be called A. spinicauda tupinieri. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 57 Range: Chile, from Valparaiso south to the Straits of Magellan, Tierra del Fuego, and Staten Id., and western parts of the adjoining Argentine provinces of Chubut and Rio Negro*. 20 : Chile (Melinka, Ascension Id. i ; Rio Nireguao 3 ; Mafil, Prov. Valdivia 7; Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 4; Villa Portales 3, Rio Lolen, Prov. Cautin i; Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i). *Aphrastura spinicauda fulva Angelinib. CHILOE ISLAND CREEPER. Aphrastura fulva ANGELINI, Boll. Soc. Zool. Ital., (2) 6, p. 277, 1905 — Ancud, Chiloe Id., Chile. Range: Chiloe Island, Chile, ii : Chiloe Island (Quellon n). Aphrastura masafuerae (Philippi and Landbeck)0. MASAFUERA ISLAND CREEPER. Synallaxis masafuerae PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 32 (i), p. 127, 1866 — Masafuera Id.; PHILIPPI, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 36, pi. 13, fig. 2, 1902 — Masafuera. Oxyurus masafuerae SCLATER, Ibis, 1871, p. 180, pi. 7, fig. 2 — Masafuera; REED, I.e., 1874, p. 84 — Masafuera; SALVIN, I.e., 1875, p. 370, 376 — Masafuera; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 30, 1890 — Masafuera. Aphrastura (Oxyurus) masafuerae LONNBERG in Skottsberg, The Nat. Hist, of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island, 3, p. 4, 1921 — Masafuera. Range : Masafuera Island off Chile. Genus PHLEOCRYPTES Cabanis and Heine. Phleocryptes CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 26, Aug. 1859 — type by subs, desig. (SCLATER, 1890) Sylvia melanops VIEILLOT. "Phleocryptes melanops melanops (Vieillot}. BLACK-FACED SPINE- TAIL. Sylvia melanops VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. eel., u, p. 232, 1817 — based on Azara No. 232, Paraguay. Synallaxis dorsomaculata LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 21, 1837 — Buenos Aires (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 237, pi. 14, fig. i, 1839 — Barracas, a There is no reliable record from the Falkland Islands. b Aphrastura spinicauda fulva ANGELINI: Differs from A . s. spinicauda by having the entire under parts, including cheeks and malar region, deep ochraceous, only the upper throat sometimes buffy whitish. Besides, the superciliary stripe is, as a rule, deeper ochraceous, and the back on average slightly more russet, although neither of these characters is absolutely reliable. This strongly marked race appears to be strictly confined to Chiloe Island. A single adult male from Ascension, one of the Guaiteca Islands, is in every respect a typical example of the white-bellied A . s. spini- cauda. ° This bird, autoptically unknown to the author, may be only a strongly marked insular race of A. spinicauda. 58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. near Buenos Aires; CASsmin Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 188, 1855 — interior of Chile; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Mendoza; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., 7, p. 310, 1861 — Santiago; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 267, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting habits). Oxyurus dorsomaculatus DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, 1839 — Maldonado; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. 112, 1843 — Chile. Synallaxis melanops BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p 470, 1861 — Mendoza; PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires. Synallaxis (Phloeocryptes) melanops PHILIPPI, Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec. 1895, p. 669, 1896 — Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 34, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1902 — Chile (descr.). Phleocryptes* melanops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 98 — Lima; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 35 — Chuput Valley; idem, I.e., 1877, p. 179 — Baradero, Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Chuput Valley; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, p. 43, 1881 — Rio Colorado, Rio Negro, Rio Neuquen; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 434 — La Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 206, 1883 — Bahia Blanca, Prov. Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 — Argentina (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 33, 1890 — Maldon- ado (Uruguay), Punta Lara, Conchitas (Buenos Aires), Chile, Lima; HOL- LAND, Ibis, 1891, p. 16; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, near Ranches, Buenos Aires; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1892, p. 383 — Callao, Peru (crit.); APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l82 — Uruguay; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — San Pablo, Tucuman; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 706, 1898 — Lake Llanquihufi, Chile (egg descr.); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul, 3, p. 220, 1899 — Iguap£ (Sao Paulo), Sao Lourenco (Rio Grande do Sul) (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 4, p. 242, 1900 (nest and eggs descr.); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Sao Lourenco; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 189, 1902 — Malvinas and mouth of Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — same localities; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — Buenos Aires, Chile, Brazil; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229, 1907 (range); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 292, 1910 (range in Argentina); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 127 — Tagana de Milan and Los Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Ber- toni, Paraguay; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Tunuyan, Mendoza; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 408 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 144, 1920 — Nilahue', Prov. Curic6; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo, Canelones, San Jose", Flores, Maldonado, Rocha, Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; GIA- COMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires. Phleocryptes melanops melanops HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — La Plata and Barracas al Sud_(Buenos Aires), La Soledad (Entrerios); * Variously spelled Phleocryptes, Phloeocryptes, and Phlaeocryptes. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 59 DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 167, 1918 — Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (crit.); MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Synallaxis montana PHILIPPIC Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec. 1895, p. 673, 1896 — Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 33, pi. 15, fig. i, 1902 — Chile. Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Iguape") and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco); Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina, from Tucuman and the Paraguayan border south to the Chubut; Chile (provinces of Santiago, Curico, Llanquihue); littoral of Peru (Callao, Lima, Bequeta, Dept. Lima; Trujillo, Viru, Dept. Libertad)b. 3: Brazil (Iguape", Sao Paulo i); Argentina (Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires 2). *Phleocryptes melanops schoenobaenus Cabanis and Heine*. TITI- CACA SPINE-TAIL. Phleocryptes schoenobaenus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 26, 1859 — 8 Synallaxis montana appears to have been based on worn examples lacking the median rectrices. b Birds from Chile are, as far as I can see, similar to those from Argentina and Brazil. Specimens from the Peruvian littoral (Callao, Lima, Trujillo) are also iden- tical in coloration, but average smaller, particularly on the wing. They may possi- bly be separable when a satisfactory series is available. Material examined. — Brazil: Iguape^, Sao Paulo 2, Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul i. Uruguay, Montevideo 2. Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires 10, Tunuyan, Prov. Mendoza 3, Huanuluan, Gob. del Rio Negro 13 Chile: Santiago 3, unspecified 2. Peru: Callao i, Bequeta, Lima i, Trujillo, Libertad i. 0 Phleocryptes melanops schoenobaenus CABANIS and HEINE: Differs from P. m. melanops by larger size, conspicuously longer bill, and deep buff to deep Isabella color under parts, passing into tawny olive brown on sides, with very little whitish suffusion on throat and middle of abdomen. In abraded plumage, when the tips of the feathers are worn off, the under parts appear nearly as whitish as in the typical race. This little known form requires further investigation. Specimens from the type locality, when compared with P. m. melanops, are much larger and much darker, almost uniform deep buff underneath. Two birds from Tarapaca, Chile, agree in length of bill; below, they are even darker, more of an isabella color, but have de- cidedly shorter wings. A single male from Lake Junin (Ingapirca), while resembling the topotypes in coloration, is as short winged as the Chilean examples. Finally, a female from Vacas, Bolivia (Carnegie Museum No. 86099) is identical with the Junin bird except for its much shorter bill whose length corresponds to the average of typical melanops. MEASUREMENTS WING BILL Four adult males from Lake Titicaca 64.5,65,67,67.5 17,17,17.5,19 One adult male from Lake Junin 61.5 16.75 Two adult males from Chintaguai, Tarapaca 59i6o 17.5 One adult female from Vacas, Bolivia 61 15 This form evidently replaces P. m. melanops in the high Andes, all of the speci- mens having been taken at considerable elevations. 60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Lake Titicaca, Peru (type in Heine Coll. examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 34, 1890 — same locality. Phleocryptes melanops (not of VIEILLOT) ALLEN, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 3, p. 354, 1875 — Lake Titicaca (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Lake Junin; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 116, 1884 — Junin; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Ingapirca, Lake Junin (spec. examined). Phloeocryptes melanops schoenobaenus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno, Lake Titicaca (crit.). Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (Lake Junin, Dept. Junin; Lake Titicaca, Dept. Puno), northern Chile (Prov. Tarapacd), and Bolivia (Vacas, Dept. Cochabamba). 2: Chile (Chintaguai, Quebrada de Quisma, Prov. Tarapaca 2). Genus LEPTASTHENURA Reichenbach. Leptasthenura REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 160, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis aegithaloides KITTLITZ. *Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides (Kittliiz). TIT-LIKE SPINE- TAIL. Synnalaxis (sic) Aegithaloides KITTLITZ, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. Pe'tersb., (sav. i, livr. 2, p. 187, pi. 7, 1830 — on the hills near Valparaiso; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 16, 1921 (type in Petrograd Museum). Synallaxis aegithaloides DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, central Chile; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile; BIBRA, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — near Valparaiso; PEL- ZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, V&gel, p. 59, 1865 — Chile. Synallaxis aegythaloides D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. meYid., Ois. p. 243, 1839 — part, Valparaiso; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 310, 1861 — Chile (habits); PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 29 (i), p. 120, 1863 — Chile (descr.). Synallaxis Thelotii LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 99, 1840 — "I'Am^rique me"ridio- nale." Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Coquimbo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part, spec. 1-q, Coquimbo, Santiago, Chile; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — part, Hac. Mansel, Valparaiso; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, a-c, f, i-m, Coquimbo, San Alfonso, Quillota, Chile; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 145, 1920 — Nilahue", Curic6. Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261, 1921 — part, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, Quillota, Concepcion, Valdivia; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Cord, de Aconcagua. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 61 Le ptasthenura fuscescens ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 90, 1889 — "Falls of the Rio Madeira, Bolivia, " errore, = Valparaiso, Chile (type examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 21, p. 175, 1914 (crit.). Leptasthenura (Synallaxis) stenoptila PHILIPPI", Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, for Dec. 1895, p. 673, 1896 — Andes of Prov. of Santiago; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 38, pi. 18, fig. 2, 1902 — same locality. Range: Central Chile, from Coquimbo to about 45° south- ern latitude. 15: Chile (Romero, Coquimbo i, Glume", Valparaiso 2, Hacienda Gualpencillo, Concepcion 5, Rio Colorado, Malleco i, Quellon, Chiloe Isl. 2, Rio Nireguao (s. lat. 45°2o') 3, unspecified i). *Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov.b PALE-CROWNED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Cobija; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid., Ois., p. 243, 1839 — part, Cobija (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 985 — Islay, Peru (spec, examined). Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — p^art, Cobija; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part, spec, s, t, Islay; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, d, e, Cobija. Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261, 1921 — part, spec, a, b, Cobija. Range: Littoral and foothills (up to about 4,000 ft.) of northern Chile (south to Paiguano, Prov. Coquimbo) and southern Peru (depts. Arequipa and Moquegua). 16: Chile (Chintaguai, Quebrada de Quisma, Tarapacd i, Gatico, Antofagasta i, Caldera, Atacama 10, Ramadilla, Copiap6 valley 2, Domeyko, Atacama i, Paiguano, Coquimbo i). • This supposed species appears to have been based upon an example in exceed- ingly worn plumage. b Leptasthenura aegithaloides grisescens subsp. nov. Type from Gatico, Prov. Antofagasta, Chile in Field Museum of Natural History No. 54162. Adult male, April 10, 1924. C. C. Sanborn. Nearest to L. a. aegithaloides, but much paler throughout; crown stripes broader and lighter, cinnamomeous rather than hazel; back grayish brown in- stead of dark sooty brown, with the rump buffy brown rather than wood brown; edges to wing-coverts and quills much paler cinnamon rufous; breast and abdomen much paler grayish, with the flanks buff instead of fulvous buff. Wing 54-62; tail 86-95; bill 8.5-9.5. While birds from Atacama are precisely similar to those from Antofagasta and Tarapacd, a single adult from Paiguano, Coquimbo, by the coloration of the under parts, forms the transition to L. a. aegithaloides. Twenty specimens examined. 62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi Hartert*. BERLEPSCH'S SPINE- TAIL. Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 210, 1909 — Augusto Pericheli (type), Tilcara, Jujuy; Cachi, Salta; Lara, Tucuman (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, I.e., 28, p. 261, 1921 — La Paz, Sajama, Bolivia, Jujuy (crit.). Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. meiid., Ois. p. 243, 1839 — part, La Paz (spec, examined); PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Antofagasta. Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — part, La Paz; SCLATER, I.e., 1886, p. 398 — Huasco, Tarapaca; idem, I.e., 1891, p. 135 — Sacaya, Tarapaca; LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — part, Sacaya, Tarapaca; LONNBERG, I.e., 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Jujuy; LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Tucuman; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, n, o, La Paz, Bolivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 — part, Moreno, Jujuy. Leptasthenura platensis (not of REICHENBACH) BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Lara, Tucuman (spec, examined). Leptasthenura aegithaloides aegithaloides (errore) MENEGAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10) i, p. 216, 1909 — Pulacayo, Bolivia. Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes in Bolivia (depts. of Oruro and La Paz), Argentina (provinces of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucuman) and north- ern Chile (provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapaca, and Tacna), at altitudes of from 7,000 to 15,000 ft. 5: Argentina (Maimara, Jujuy i); Chile (Rio Loa, Antofagasta 2, Ojo de San Pedro, Antofagasta i, Choquelimpie, Tacna i). *Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida Dabbeneb. PALLID SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida DABBENE, El Hornero, 2, p. 135, Dec. 1920 — • Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi HARTERT: Resembles L. a. grisescens in light crown, but is immediately recognizable by its much more buffy coloration, the back being sandy brown, the edges to the wing-coverts and secondaries more of a sandy rufous, the under parts (posterior to foreneck) decidedly buff, the markings on the rectrices buffy rather than grayish, etc. Wing 60-71 ; tail 88-102 ; bill 8.5-9.5. Bolivian birds average somewhat larger, but do not differ otherwise. Twenty-seven specimens from Jujuy (3), Tucuman (2), Bolivia (13), and Chile (9) examined. b Leptasthenura aegithaloides pallida DABBENE: Most nearly related to L. a. ber- lepschi, but much paler throughout ; the crown stripes isabella color (instead of cin- namomeous) ; the back light ashy or grayish brown (instead of sandy brown) with much less buffy suffusion on the rump ; the edges to the secondaries and upper wing- coverts grayish buff rather than sandy; under parts paler, more of a grayish buff. Wing (twenty specimens) 59-66; tail 94-107; bill 9. Specimens from Mendoza, San Juan, Rio Negro, Huanuluan, Chubut and Santa Cruz examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 63 Puesto Burro, Maiten, Chubut; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 261, 262, 1921 — Patagonia; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 315, 1923 — San Antonio; Huanuluan, Bariloche, Gob. del Rio Negro; GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, P- 73, 1923— Rioja. Synallaxis aegythaloides (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — part, Patagonia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. meYid., Ois., p. 243, 1839 — part, Rio Negro, Patagonia. Synallaxis aegithaloides DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, Patagonia; HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544 — Rio Negro; C. BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3, p. 317, 1890 — Rio Chico del Chubut. Leptasthenura aegithaloides SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 548 — Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1878, p. 396 — eastern Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 43, 1881 — four leagues s. w. of Nueva Roma, Rio Colorado, Rio Negro; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 177, 1888 — part, Patagonia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part, spec, g-k, Chubut, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The High- est Andes, p. 346, 1899 — Inca to Vacas, Mendoza; MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 66, 1906 — part, spec, g, h, Pata- gonia; ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164, 1902 — Lago Gen- eral Paz, Chubut; DABBENE, I.e., 18, p. 293, 1910 — part, Chubut, La Rioja, Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — Precordillera of Mendoza. Leptasthenura aegithaloides berlepschi (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327, 1919 — prov. San Juan, Mendoza, Santa Cruz. Range : Western and southern Argentina, from La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, and Mendozat hrough Patagonia south to Santa Cruz, ranging in the east as far north as Nueva Roma, in southwestern section of Province of Buenos Aires. 2: Argentina (Huanuluan, Gob. del Rio Negro 2). Leptasthenura platensis Reichenbach*. CRESTED SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura platensis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 160, Aug. 1853— Rio de la Plata (type examined) ; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 33, p. 1 19, 1887 — Parana, Cordoba; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Rio Sali, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 52, * Leptasthenura platensis REICHENBACH: Immediately recognizable from L. a. aegithaloides and allies by pale cinnamon (instead of grayish) apical portion of the lateral rectrices ; lighter alar speculum ; almost whitish edges to the outer primaries ; heavily spotted throat; by lacking the white spots on hind neck and sides of neck; by having only the forehead streaked with pale cinnamon, the feathers of the pileum being plain dark smoke brown and conspicuously elongated so as to form a distinct pointed crest. Wing 56-60; tail 91-96; bill 8-9. Birds from Tucuman (punctigula CHAPMAN) are identical with others from Entre- rios and Buenos Aires (Pacheco). Fifteen specimens (Cordoba 5, Entrerios 3, Prov. Buenos Aires 2, Uruguay i, La Plata i, Rio Sali, Sarmiento, Prov. Tucuman 3) examined. 64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1905 — same locality; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 67, 1906 — Cordoba (crit.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), [Rio Sali, Prov.] Tucuman, Pacheco (Buenos Aires) (spec, examined) ; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 292, 430, 1910 — part, Cordoba, Tucuman, Santa F£, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 128 — Los Ynglases, Aj6 distr., Prov. Buenos Aires; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Durazno, Flores, Uruguay; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167 — Moreno, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 639, 1924 — Buenos Aires, Entrerios, Uruguay. Synallaxis platensis STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba. Synallaxis albescens (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 140 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires. Synallaxis aegithaloides (not of KITTLITZ) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parand and (?) Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — same localities; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas; HUDSON, I.e., 1870, p. 113 — Buenos Aires. Leptasthenura aegithaloides (not of KITTLITZ) DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 — Belgrano, Prov. Buenos Aires; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 6n — City of Catamarca; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn., Cl., 8, p. 206, 1883 — Concepcion, Entrerios (habits, nest and eggs descr.)a; GIBSON, Ibis, 1880, p. 30 — Cape San Antonio, B. Aires; idem, 1. c., 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu, Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p .177, 1888 — part; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1890, p. 425, 426; 1892, p. 201 — Est. Espartillar, Prov. Buenos Aires; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, p. 182 — Santa Elena, Dept. Soriano, Uruguay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, P- 35. *890 — part, spec, a-f, Paysandu (Uruguay), Conchitas, Parana, Cosquin (Cordoba); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 410 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits). Leptasthenura punctigula CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327, Sept. 1919 — Sarmiento, Prov. Tucumdn (type); Lavalle, Santiago del Estero (type examined). Range: Uruguay and central provinces of Argentina (Entrerios, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe", Santiago del Estero), west to Cordoba, Cata- marca, Rioja, and Tucumdnb. Leptasthenura andicola peruviana Chapman0. PERUVIAN FLAMMU- LATED SPINE-TAIL. » See ALLEN, Auk, 6, p. 269, 1889 (crit.). Specimens examined. b It remains to be ascertained whether the birds observed by Burmeister (I.e.) and reported by Reed (Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 31, No. 126, 1916) to be common in the precordillera of Mendoza pertain to L. platensis or L. aegithaloides pallida DABBENE. So far, I have not seen the first named species from any locality farther west than Cordoba (Cosquin) and Tucuman (Rio Sali). 0 Leptasthenura andicola peruviana CHAPMAN: Similar to L. andicola andicola, of Ecuador, but crown much paler, light cinnamon rufous instead of dark hazel, with the black margins much narrower; auriculars paler and hardly streaked with dusky; 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 65 Leptasthenura andicola peruviana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 327, Sept. 1919 — La Raya, head of Urubamba Valley, Dept. Puno, Peru (type examined); idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — same locality. Leptasthenura andicola (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527 — Junin; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 118, 1884 — foot of Mt. Ninarupa, Junin. Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Junin (Ninarupa) and Puno (La Raya). *Leptasthenura andicola andicola Sclater. FLAMMULATED SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura andicola SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 636, pi. 49, fig. 2 — Panza, s. slope of Chimborazo (type), "Loxa," Ecuador (type in Brit. Mus. examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 36, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Panza, Sical, Ecuador; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 75, 1889 — Antisana, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94 — Chim- borazo, San Rafael; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Chuquipoquio, Chimborazo; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 — Volcan de Pichincha, Mojanda Pass (spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Paramo de Sta. Isabel, above Cartago, Colombia; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922 — Pichincha, n, — 14,000 ft. Leptasthenura andicola andicola HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — part, Andes of Ecuador. Synallaxis flammulata (errore) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 76, 1859 — Panza. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador and Central Andes of Colombia (Paramo de Santa Isabel, above Cartago; Paramo de Ruiz, Tolima)". 5: Ecuador (Pichincha 5). Leptasthenura andicola extima Toddb. SANTA MARTA SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura andicola extima TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 — Par- amo de "Macotama" ( = Chiruqua), Sta. Marta Mts.; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 284, 1922 — Paramo de Chiruqua (crit.). upper wing-coverts conspicuously margined with pale cinnamomeous; tertials more broadly edged with buff. Wing (female) 74; tail 98; bill 10.5. This bird, of which I have seen only the type, agrees with L. a, andicola in all essential points, being apparently its southern representative. Judging from description and measurements, the specimens from Ninarupa, mentioned by Taczan- owski, are referable to L. a. peruviana and not to L. striata cajabambae CHAPMAN. a Sixteen specimens, including the type, examined. A single female from Paramo de Ruiz, Tolima, Colombia (Carnegie Museum No. 70697) agrees in all essential points with Ecuadorian examples, except that the rufous stripes of the pileum are slightly darker. b Leptasthenura andicola extima TODD: Nearest to L. a. andicola, but decidedly smaller; larger upper wing-coverts and tertials conspicuously edged with bright cin- namon brown instead of being narrowly fringed with dull rufescent brown; basal portion of 2nd to 7th primary extensively cinnamon rufous, forming a large alar speculum; crown stripes somewhat lighter; dorsal streaks broader and more whitish; 66 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Leptasthenura andicola (not of SCLATER) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., !5. P- 36, 1890 — part, spec, e-j, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 — same locality. Leptasthenura andicola andicola HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — part, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. Range: Temperate Zone of Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia. Leptasthenura andicola exterior Todd*. BOYACA SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura andicola exterior TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 115, July 1919 — Lagunillas, State of Boyaca, Colombia- Range: Temperate Zone of Eastern Andes in State of Boyaca, Colombia. *Leptasthenura andicola certhia (Madardsz)b. MERIDA SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis certhia MADARASZ, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 — San Anto- nio, Andes of MeYida (type in Hungarian National Museum, Budapest examined). Leptasthenura montivagans RILEY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 219, 1905 — San Antonio, Andes of M&ida. Leptasthenura andicola certhia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — Andes of MeYida (synon.). Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of western Venezuela, in states of MeYida and Trujillo. 6: Venezuela (Milla i, Tambor i, Conejos i, Nevados i, Culata i, Sierra Nevada i). superciliaries narrower and more buffy; throat more spotted with black; belly much more buffy brown. Wing 64-68 (against 68-74 m L. a. andicola); tail 93-99; bill 10-10.5. Eight specimens from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5) and Paramo de Chiruqua (3) examined. • Leptasthenura andicola exterior TODD: Agrees with L. a. extima in the bright cinnamon brown edges to upper wing-coverts and tertials, and in the possession of the large cinnamon rufous alar speculum, but differs at a glance by the much brighter amber brown crown being but narrowly streaked with black; besides, the dorsal streaks are somewhat broader, the throat more purely white and the belly less brownish. Wing 60-67; tail 90-99; bill 9-10. Twenty-one specimens from the type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined. b Leptasthenura andicola certhia (MADARASZ) : Agreeing in size with L. o. extima, but without any trace of the cinnamon rufous alar speculum; larger wing-coverts but obsoletely fringed with dull brown; crown stripes much paler cinnamomeous ; dorsal streaks, superciliaries, throat and chest pure white instead of buffy; abdo- men grayish, not buffy brown. Wing 62-67; tail 90-98; bill 10-10.5. Twenty-seven specimens from the Andes of MeYida, and five from T6ta de Niquitao, Trujillo examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 67 *Leptasthenura striata striata (Philippi and Landbeck)*. STREAKED SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis striata PHILIPPI and LANDBECK, Arch. Naturg., 29 (i), p. 119, 1863 — Cordillera of Arica, "Peru" =Prov. Tacna, Chile. Leptasthenura striata TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 121, 1884 (ex PHILIPPI and LANDBECK). Leptasthenura striata striata CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 8, 9, 10, 1921 — Iquique (Chile), Lima (Peru). Leptasthenura aegithaloides (not of Kittlitz) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 35, 1890 — part (spec, r, Iquique, examined). Range: Andes of northern Chile, in provinces of Tarapaca and Tacna, and western Peru (Lima)b. 7: Chile (Chintaguai, Prov. Tarapaca 2; Putre, Prov. Tacna 5). *Leptasthenura striata cajabambae Chapman0. PERUVIAN STREAKED SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura striata cajabambae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 9, Sept. 1921— Cajabamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined). Leptasthenura pileata (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Cajamarca, Cajabamba, Huamachuco, Peru (spec, examined). Range: Temperate Zone of Peru in depts. Cajamarca (Cajamarca, Cajabamba), Libertad (Huamachuco), Ancachs, Huanuco, and Junin. 4: Peru (La Quinua 2, Huanuco Mts. i, Cullcui, Maranon valley i). * Leptasthenura striata striata (PHILIPPI and LANDBECK) : This distinct species, while bearing a superficial resemblance to L. a. andicola, differs, nevertheless, very conspicuously by lacking the broad white superciliary stripe, by much paler, light cinnamon crown streaks (more like L. andicola certhia); sandy brown (instead of deep sepia brown) ground color of upper parts, with the buff (instead of pure white) dorsal stripes becoming obsolete on rump; wide sandy buff edges to wing-coverts and remiges; bright cinnamon rufous alar speculum; buffish outer webs of lateral rectrices; dingy grayish and almost unstreaked posterior under parts; yellow base to lower mandible, etc. Wing 63-67; tail 91-98; bill 9.5-1 1. Ten specimens examined. b An adult male from "Lima" (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 165870) secured by R. H. Beck on May 30, 1913, except for its shorter wings (61.5), agrees with our, series of topotypes. The locality "Iquique," assigned to a skin in the British Museum, is probably inaccurate. 0 Leptasthenura striata cajabambae CHAPMAN: Differs from L. s. striata in much deeper cinnamon rufous crown; more whitish (less buff) dorsal stripes; grayish rather than sandy edges to upper wing-coverts and tertials; much narrower and paler cin- namomeous band across base of quills; more abruptly defined and purer grayish apical portion of three lateral rectrices; larger blackish spots on throat and fore- neck; finally somewhat darker grayish abdomen. Wing (ten specimens) 61-65; tail 96-104; bill 9-10.5. Besides our own material, I have examined two males, one female from Huama- chuco, two males from Cajamarca, and one from Cajabamba. 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Leptasthenura pileata Sclater*. NATION'S SPINE-TAIL. Leptaslhenura pileata SCLATER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 487 — West side of Coast Cordillera above Lima, 8,000 ft. alt., Peru (type in British Museum examined); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 119, 1884 — Obrajillo and Andes of Lima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 36, 1890 — Andes of Lima. Range: Western Peru, Dept. Lima (coast range above Lima; Obra- jillo, near Canta). Leptasthenura xenothorax Chapman*. CHAPMAN'S SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura xenothorax CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 8, 1921 — Toron- toy, Urubamba Valley, Peru (type examined). Leptasthenura pileata (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — Torontoy. Range: Southern Peru in Dept. of Cuzco (Torontoy, Urubamba region). Leptasthenura striolata (Pelzebi)". PELZELN'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis striolata PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturwiss. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20, No. n, p. 159, March 1856 — Curytiba, Parani (type in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba. Leptasthenura striolata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 333, 1906 — Curytiba; (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 230, 1907— Curytiba. • Leptasthenura pileata SCLATER: Not unlike L. s. cajabambae, but crown plain cinnamon rufous, without trace of blackish stripes; margins to upper wing-coverts and tertials sandy instead of grayish ; back slightly more brownish, though similarly marked; breast darker grayish and more distinctly streaked with whitish; bill slenderer, with almost the whole of the lower mandible yellow. Wing (female) 58; tail 95 ; bill 10. The type in the British Museum is the only specimen I have seen. It appears to be specifically distinct from L. s. striata, which is likewise found in the Lima dis- trict. More material is urgently desired for elucidating the relationship of L. pileata to its allies. b Leptasthenura xenothorax CHAPMAN: A very distinct species, like L. pileata with plain (unstreaked) hazel rufous crown, but immediately recognizable by the broad buffy white superciliary stripe, the exceedingly well pronounced black lateral mar- gins of the throat feathers, and the uniform smoke gray under parts. Yellow base to lower mandible more restricted than in L. pileata and L. striata. Wing (male) 67 ; tail (not measurable, the elongated central pair of rectrices being missing in the type) ; bill 9. Though known only from a single adult male, this is obviously an ex- cellent form, most nearly related to L. pileata, as correctly stated by its describer. 0 Leptasthenura striolata (PELZELN): Crown hazel, streaked with blackish; back much paler and duller russet brown, with numerous blackish brown longitudinal stripes, only the rump and upper tail-coverts being unstreaked ; wing-coverts dusky, the lesser and median series indistinctly edged with russet, the greater series with more conspicuous brownish white margins ; remiges dusky, exteriorly edged with pale rufescent; median rectrices entirely dark brown, the others dark brown with pale rufous tips; the two lateral pairs almost entirely rufous, with the basal half of the inner web only dusky brown; narrow superciliary streak buffy; cheeks and auriculars dark brown; sides of neck pale sandy brownish, with faint dusky mottlings; under parts pale buff, throat slightly dotted with brownish; flanks washed with light brown- 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 69 Range: Southeastern Brazil, in State of Parana (Curytiba)a. Leptasthenura fuliginiceps fuliginiceps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). CHESTNUT-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis fuliginiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — Sicasica, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 242, pi. 17, fig. i, 1839 — Enquisivi (Sicasica), Valle Grande (Santa Cruz). Leptasthenura fuliginiceps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — Enquisivi, Sicasica, Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 37, 1890 — part, spec, e-g, Tilotilo, Bolivia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 67, 1906 — Sicasica, Valle Grande, Bolivia. Leptasthenura fuliginiceps fuliginiceps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 260, 1921 — Sicasica, Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Bolivia (crit., meas.). Leptasthenura fuliginiceps boliviana ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 91, 1889 — northern Bolivia. Range : Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of La Paz (Tilotilo, Sicasica) and Santa Cruz (Valle Grande). *Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis Sclaterb. SOUTHERN CHESTNUT- CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Leptasthenura paranensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., Nov. 1861, p. 377 — "in rep. Argentina (BURMEISTER)" (the type examined in the British Museum is said to have been obtained, in Sept. 1857, at Parana, Prov. Entrerios; locality no doubt erroneous, we substitute Mendoza, Argentina). Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 209, 1909 — Catamarca, Quebrada Escoipe, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 — prov. Tucuman, Salta, Cata- marca, and Cordoba; "Entrerios" (ex BURMEISTER); REED, Aves Prov. ish; axillars, under wing-coverts, and inner margin of remiges fawn color; bill horn brown, base of lower mandible yellowish white. Wing 54; tail 90; bill 10. This species of which I have seen only the type specimen, an adult male, taken by J. Natterer, October 8, 1820, at Curytiba, while perhaps nearest to the L. striata group, is quite distinct. a The late T. Chrostowski, in one of his last letters to me, announced the re- discovery of this long lost species in the State of Parana, not far from the type locality. b Leptasthenura fuliginiceps paranensis SCLATER: Similar to L. f. fuliginiceps, but under parts much paler, buffy gray instead of fulvescent or isabella color, with the flanks and crissum only passing into light brownish buff; back and rump duller, less brownish. Nine specimens (Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca 2, Norco, Tucuman 3, Mendoza i, "Parana" 3, including the type) compared with six L. /. fuliginiceps from Bolivia, including the types. No material from Salta seen. 70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Mendoza, p. 31, 1916 — Blanco Encalada, Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — Chacras Coria, Mendoza; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 260, 1921 — "Parana (Entrerios)", Sierra de Totoral (Catamarca), Mendoza, Norco (Tucuman) (crit.); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — Saladillo, Sierra de Rioja. Synallaxis fuliginiceps (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BURMEISTER, Journ. Om., 8, p. 250, 1860 — "bei Parand, "errore!; idem Reise, La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — same locality; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 401, 1890 — Cordoba. Leptasthenura fuliginiceps WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 61 1 — Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca; SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 177, 1888 — Catamarca and "Parand" (ex BURMEISTER); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 37, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, "Parana," Mendoza, Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 17, 1897 — Tala, Salta; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 254, 1904 — Valle del Lerma, Salta; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, San Pablo, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — same localities. Range : Mountainous districts of western Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucumdn, Catamarca, Rioja, Cordoba, and Mendoza. i : Argentina (Mts. west of Yala, Jujuy i). DENDROPHYLAX genus nov.a Bathmidura (not Bathmidurus CABANIS 1847) REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 163, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY 1855) Synallaxis setaria TEMMINCK. Dendrophylax setaria (Temminck)b. TEMMINCK'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis setaria TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 52, pi. 311, fig. 2, Nov. 1824 — "du Bre"sil, dans la Capitainerie de Saint-Paul" = Castro, State of Parana (types in Paris Museum examined). a Dendrophylax genus nov. Most nearly related to Leptasthenura, but bill much longer and slenderer, with strongly curved culmen; rectrices (12) much narrower and less pointed; the median pair much more elongated (exceeding the submedian one by at least twice the length of the bill), with exposed portion abruptly attenuated (emarginate on inner web), and rounded tip. (See sketch in Nov. Zool., 13, 1906, p. 332). Type: Synallaxis setaria TEMMINCK. b Dendrophylax setaria (TEMMINCK) : Crested head blackish, each feather with a sharply denned whitish shaft streak; back uniform bright chestnut, paler on the rump; wing-coverts and remiges blackish brown, broadly edged exteriorly with color of back; two lateral pairs of rectrices cinnamon rufous; the two next ones also of this color, but with a distinct dusky margin at basal portion of inner web; the two median ones dusky or blackish, tipped with cinnamon rufous; lores and narrow super- ciliary stripe white; auriculars white, streaked with dusky brown; throat and fore- neck white, freckled or irregularly spotted with blackish; breast and abdomen buff or dingy whitish, passing into fulvous on flanks and under tail-coverts; bend of wing, axillars and under wing-coverts white or buff; quill-lining pale cinnamon; bill black- ish, basal half of lower mandible yellowish white. Wing (five specimens) 56-57; median rectrix 105-118; submedian rectrix 77-85; outermost rectrix 25-27; bill 12.5-13-5. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 71 Leptasthenura setaria MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 68, 1906 — Castro, Parana (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 332, 1906 — Castro (descr.) ; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 229, 1907 — Castro; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i,p. 34, 1921 — Affonso Penna, near Curytiba, Parana; Sao Lourenco, Antonio Olyntho, s.w. of Rio Negro, Santa Catharina (habits). Range: Highlands of southeastern Brazil, in states of Parana (Castro, Curytiba) and Santa Catharina (Sao Lourengo and Antonio Olyntho, near Rio Negro). Genus SCHIZOEACA Cabanis-. Schizoeaca CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, p. 319, 1873 — type by monotypy Schizoe- aca palpebralis CABANIS. Schizoeacha SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 579 — emendation. *Schizoeaca f uliginosa f uliginosa ( Lajresnaye) . WHITE-CHINNED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis fuliginosa LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie" = Bogota; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 1874, P- *6 — Bogot£ (descr.). Schizoeaca fuliginosa SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 32, 1890 — Bogota; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Almaguer and Santa Isabel, central Andes; Tocaimito above Bogota, El Pinon, eastern Andes. Range : Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia, and extreme western Venezuela (Paramo de Tama). 9: Colombia ("Bogota" 2); Venezuela (Paramo de Tama 7). *Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana Coryb. PERUVIAN WHITE-CHINNED SPINE-TAIL. Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, P- 339i Aug. 1916 — Mountains east of Balsas, Peru. Range: Peru (Mts. east of Balsas, Dept. Amazonas). i : Peru (Mts. east of Balsas, the type). a The members of this genus are very little known, and some of them may be only subspecifically distinct. b Schizoeaca fuliginosa peruviana CORY: The type (and only known specimen) differs from S. f. fuliginosa by more purely gray under parts with only the lower flanks slightly tinged with olivaceous, and by having the forehead as far back as the middle of the eye decidedly grayish brown. Wing 61. This form of which more material is highly desirable approaches 5. palpebralis in the purer gray tone of the lower surface, while the grayish brown frontlet recalls 5. helleri. 72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Schizoeaca griseo-murina (Sclater)*. MOUSE-COLORED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis griseo-murina, SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 578, pi. 43, fig. 2 — San Lucas, Ecuador. Schizoeaca griseo-murina SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — San Lucas. (?) Synallaxis fuliginosa ?, TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, P- 95 — San Rafael, Ecuador. Range: Temperate Zone of Andes of Ecuador (San Lucas; above Zamora, Prov. of Loja). Schizoeaca palpebralis Cabanis*. RUFOUS-CHINNED SPINE-TAIL. Schizoeaca palpebralis CABANIS, Journ. Ornith., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 32, 1890 — Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 371 — Maraynioc. Synallaxis palpebralis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 16 — Maraynioc (descr.); TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 130, 1884 — Maraynioc. Range: Peru (only known from Maraynioc, Dept. Junin). Schizoeaca helleri Chapman". HELLER'S SPINE-TAIL. Schizoeaca helleri CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 10, Aug. 1923 — Cedro- bamba, Dept. Cuzco, Peru. Schizoeaca palpebralis (not of CABANIS) CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.. 117, p. 82, 1921 — Cedrobamba, above Torontoy. Range: Peru (Cedrobamba, Torontoy, Dept. Cuzco). • Schizoeaca griseo-murina (SCLATER) : The only example seen by me, a female from "above Zamora, Prov. de Loja," (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 129766) differs from 5. /. fuliginosa and S. f. peruviana by dull sepia (instead of rufous brown) upper parts, almost blackish brown tail, the absence of the broad grayish postocular stripe, and by possessing a conspicuous pure white rim round the eye. In opposi- tion to Sclater's original description, there is no trace of a white chin spot. Wing 59; tail 100; bill 13.75. Additional material is urgently required. b Schizoeaca palpebralis CABANIS: Easily distinguished from the preceding spe- cies, which it resembles in the lack of the conspicuous grayish postocular stripe, by much lighter (Brussels brown) upper parts, bright cinnamon brown sides of head, much broader white eye-ring, rufous tail, and by possessing a well defined cinnamon rufous chin spot. Wing 60-62; tail 110-116; bill 14. Three specimens from Maraynioc examined. 8 Schizoeaca helleri CHAPMAN, to a certain extent, stands between 5. fuliginosa and S. palpebralis. It combines the dingy smoke gray under parts, the conspicuous grayish postocular stripe, the narrow white eye-ring and the mainly dark gray sides of the head of S. fuliginosa with the Brussels brown upper surface and the cinnamon rufous chin spot of S. palpebralis. The crown is duller, less rufescent than in palpe- bralis, while the forehead is grayish brown as in peruviana. Wing 57-62; tail 93-98; bill 13-14. Four specimens from Cedrobamba and Torontoy examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 73 Schizoeaca harterti Berlepsch*. HARTERT'S SPINE-TAIL. Schizoeaca harterti BERLEPSCH, Journ. Ornith., 49, p. 91, 1901 — Unduavi, Bolivia (type examined). Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Bolivia (Unduavi, Cillu- tincara, Malaga). *Schizoeaca coryi (Berlepsch)b. CORY'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis coryi BERLEPSCH, Auk, 5, p. 458, 1888 — Andes of Me'rida, Venezuela. Schizoeaca coryi SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 33, 1890 — Me'rida. Range: Andes of Me'rida, western Venezuela. 16: Venezuela (San Antonio i, Monte Zerpa i, Culata 2, Conejos 6, Nevados 2, Escorial 4). Genus SCHOENIOPHYLAX Ridgway. Schoeniophylax RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type by orig. desig. Synallaxis phryganophila VIEILLOT. *Schoeniophylax phryganophila ( Vieillot}. WHITE-CHEEKED SPINE-TAIL. Sylvia phryganophila VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., n, p. 207, 1817 — based on Azara No. 229, Paraguay. Synallaxis tecellata TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 52, pi. 311, fig. i, Nov. 1824 — Sao Paulo, Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined). Synallaxis phryganophila LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voy- age Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 239, 1839 — Corrientes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Bolivia and Paraguay; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 120, 1859 — Cuyaba and Rio das Flechas, Matto Grosso (soft parts); BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parana; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — Parand (nesting habits); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — Cuyabd and Rio das Flechas; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 17 — Corrientes, Parana, Paraguay; Montevideo, Cuyabd (monog.); DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Punta Lara, Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 207, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, a Schizoeaca harterti BERLEPSCH: Nearest to S. palpebralis, but much paler and more olivaceous above; white rim round the eye much narrower (exactly as in 5. helleri) ; distinct superciliary streak white, passing into deep buff on posterior por- tion; chin spot white instead of cinnamon rufous; middle of throat blackish; rest of under parts grayish, chest and flanks tinged with light brownish. Wing 52-54; tail 90-100; bill 13.5-14. Two specimens from Unduavi examined. b Schizoeaca coryi (BERLEPSCH) : Immediately recognizable among its affines by reason of the exceedingly broad, deep cinnamomeous superciliary stripe, extend- ing to the base of the bill; large chin spot bright cinnamomeous. 74 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Entrerios (nest and eggs descr.); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 — Paysandu, Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 181, 1888 — Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — Bolivia; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; SALVADOR!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Baranquera la Novia and Bahia Negra, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — Caiza, Bolivia; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Carandasinho, Matto Grosso; KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Para- guayan Chaco; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 74, 1906 — Sao Paulo, Brazil and Corrientes; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 234, 1907 (range) ; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211, 1909 — Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) and Mocovi (Santa F£); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295, 1910 — Mocovi, Barracas al Sud, Entrerios; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 526 — Sapucay, Paraguay (nest and eggs descr.) ; GRANT, l.c., 1911, p. 129 — Villa Oliva, Cabo Emma and Puerto Maria (Paraguay), Colonia Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa, Argentina). Schoeniophylax phryganophila HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Cor- rientes; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo and Colonia, Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Range: Northeastern Argentina (in provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe", Corrientes, Entrerios, Chaco, and Formosa); Uruguay; Para- guay; southwestern Brazil (in states of Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso) and eastern Bolivia (depts. Tarija and Santa Cruz). 4: Argentina, Prov. Santa Fe" (Ocampo 2, Mocovi i); Bolivia (Buenavista i). OREOPHYLAX genus nov.v Oreophylax moreirae (Ribeiro)b. ITATIAYA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis moreirae MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1906 — Morro Redondo and Retiro de Ramos, Serra do Itatiaya, • Oreophylax genus nov. Nearly related to Synallaxis, but tail (composed of ten rectrices) very much longer, being about twice as long as wing; the unusually broad inner web of the me- dian rectrices abruptly attenuated subapically, and gradually narrowing to a dis- tinct point, the entire exposed portion slightly bent inwards; bill more slender and less decurved. Agreeing with Schoeniophylax RIDGWAY in proportion of tail, but rectrices much broader and differently shaped; bill much more slender and longer. In shape of tail, this striking bird reminds of Leptasthenura from which it is, how- ever, easily distinguished by its quite differently shaped bill and by having ten instead of twelve rectrices. Type: Synallaxis moreirae RIBEIRO. b Oreophylax moreirae (RIBEIRO) : Upper parts deep Saccardo's umber, darken- ing to sepia on pileum; wing-coverts like the back, edged with rufescent brown; quills dusky, the third and succeeding primaries edged with dull rufous brown on basal portion of outer web; tertials narrowly margined with rufescent brown; rec- trices dusky brown, the three lateral pairs on outer, and apical portion of inner web tinged with dull cinnamon rufous; lores, and indistinct superciliary streak buff; 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 75 Brazil; HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 76, 1907 — Itatiaya (crit.); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Bras., i, p. 233, 1906 — Itatiaya; LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, p. 351, 1909 — Campo do Itatiaya (habits). Range: Southeastern Brazil, Province of Rio de Janeiro (Serra do Itatiaya). Genus SYNALLAXIS Vieillot. Synallaxis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 24, p. 117, 1818 (generic characters); idem, I.e., 32, p. 309, 1819 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY 1840, p. 17) Synallaxis ruficapilla VIEILLOT. Anabates TEMMINCK, Man. d'Orn., nouv. &d., i, p. 82, 1820 — type by monotypy Motacilla guianensis GMELIN. Parulus SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 85, 1824 — type by monotypy Parulus ruficeps SPIX = Synallaxis spixi SCL\TER-\- Synallaxis frontalis PELZELN. Barnesia BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 77, 1901 — type Synallaxis cururuvi BERTONI=S. ruficapilla VIEILLOT. *Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot. RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis ruficapilla VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d.f 32, p. 310, 1819 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in the Paris Museum was obtained by Delalande near Rio de Janeiro); idem, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 284, pi. 174, circa 1825 — Brazil (figure of type); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 38, 1856 — part, "male"; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 97, 1856 — Brazil (diag., synon.); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 116, 1859 — Ypanema, Ytarar6, Curytiba (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i» P- 35. 1868 — same localities; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 384, in text — Novo Friburgo, Rio; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 252, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 7 — Prov. Sao Paulo (diag.); BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Linha Piraja and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 243, 1889 (note on Wied's specimens); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 38, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 221, 1899 — Ypiranga, Tiete", Piquete, Sao Sebastiao, Iguap6, Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., p. 242, 1900 (nest and eggs); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo Novo, Pedras Brancas; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 230, 1907 — numerous localities in SS.O Paulo, Marianna (Minas Geraes), Puerto Bertoni (Paraguay); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, auriculars pale brown; under parts buff, paler in the middle of the abdomen, buffy brown on^fianks and under tail-coverts; well defined gular patch bright ochraceous, with a faint silky gloss ; axillars and under wing-coverts orange ochraceous, quill- lining cinnamon buff. Bill blackish, base of lower mandible pale brownish. Wing (three specimens) 61-62; tail 112-118; bill 13-14. In general coloration, O. moreirae somewhat recalls Asthenes modesta (EYTON), but is, of course, quite distinct. 76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. p. 69, 1906 (note on type); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 524 — Sapucay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 140, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 — Canelones, Uruguay. Sphenura ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — part, adult, "Para", errore. Synallaxis cinereus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 685, 1831 — part, Brazil. Synallaxis olivacens EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 159, pi. 81 (S. olivascens on plate) — "South America" (types in British Museum examined). Synallaxis (Barnesia) cururuvi BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 77, 1901 — Alto Parana, Paraguay. Range : Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) south to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay, and adjacent parts of Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay*. i: Brazil (Ipiranga, Sao Paulo i). Synallaxis superciliosa Cabams*. BUFF-BROWED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis superciliosa CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. no, 1883 — San Javier, near Tucuman, Argentina (type examined); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 178, 1888 — Tucuman; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — Tucuman; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — San Lorenzo, Jujuy; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 210, 1909 — Villa Nougues, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Villa Nougues. Range: Mountains of northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman and Jujuy) and Bolivia (Santa Ana, Prov. Valle Grande). Synallaxis poliophrys Cabanis0. GRAY-BROWED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis poliophrys CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 14, p. 307, 1866 — Cayenne; SCLATER, * Fifteen specimens from Espirito Santo, Rio, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul examined. This species apparently has only eight rectrices. b Synallaxis superciliosa CABANIS: Nearly related to S. ruficapilla and similar in structure, but bill much smaller; forehead (as far back as the middle of the eye) olive brown; loral spot white; postocular stripe paler buff and less conspicuous; cheeks and auriculars olive brown instead of sooty; under parts much whiter, with much less brownish suffusion on the flanks; bases of throat feathers more extensively black, etc. Wing (five specimens) 54-56; tail 86-91 ; bill 12. A single Bolivian specimen differs from the Argentina ones by much lighter, more cinnamon rufous crown and upper wing-coverts. Material examined. — Argentina, Prov. Tucuman: San Javier i, Villa Nougues 2, above San Pablo i; Bolivia, Santa Ana i. 0 We are not acquainted with this species. There are certain discrepancies be- tween Cabanis' and Salvin's descriptions, especially with respect to the coloration of the throat, and I should not be surprised if poliophrys (from Cayenne) and demissa (from Roraima) proved to be different. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 77 Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 39, 1890 — Roraima, Brit. Guiana; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 94, 1921 — Roraima. Synallaxis demissa SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis (5) 2, p. 449, 1884 — Roraima; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 420 — Roraima. Sphenura ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — part, descr. "junioris" and hab. Cayenne. (?) Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689, 1848 — Canuku Mts. Range: French and British Guiana (Roraima). Synallaxis azarae azarae D'Orbigny. AZARA'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis azarae D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., p. 246, in text, 1839 — Bolivia11 (type in Paris Museum examined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. His. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 70, 1906 — "Valle Grande," Bolivia (note on type). Synallaxis griseiventris ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 91, 1889 — Yungas, Bolivia (type examined); CHAPMAN, I.e., 14, p. 215, 1901 — Inca Mine [ =Santo Domingo], Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 91, 1906 — Idma, above Santa Ana, Peru (spec, examined), Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. i, in Mag. Zool., 7, el. 2, p. 24, 1837 — part, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame'r. me'rid., Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Carcuata (Yungas), Enquisivi (Sica- sica), Bolivia. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — part, Carcuata and Ramosani (Prov. Yungas), Enquisivi (Prov. Sicasica); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, z'-c1, Ramo- sani, Bolivia. Synallaxis azarae azarae HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 70, 1920 — Chuhuasi, Dept. Puno, Peru; idem, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264, 266, 1921 — Bolivia and Peru (crit., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — Idma, San Miguel Bridge, and Torontoy, Peru. Range: Southeastern Peru (upper Urubamba and Marcapata val- leys, Dept. Cuzco; Chuhuasi, near Macusani, Dept. Puno) and Bolivia (Sandillani, Chaco, Songo, Cocapata, Yungas of La Paz; Incachaca, Yungas of Cochabamba)6. a Carcuata, Prov. Yungas, suggested as type locality. See Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264- 266, 1921, where a full discussion of the case is to be found. b Birds from southeastern Peru (Marcapata Valley, and Idma, above Santa Ana) are, as a rule, somewhat darker sooty gray below with less whitish admixture along the middle line, while the rufous of the crown is rather deeper, and the tail generally darker. In coloration of the under parts they form the transition to 5. a. infumata. Material examined. — Bolivia: Chaco 3, Sandillani 5, Songo i, Cocapata i, Inca- chaca 4, unspecified (the type) i. Peru: Santo Domingo, Marcapata 7, Marcapata Valley 7, Chuhuasi 3, Idma, above Santa Ana i. 78 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Synallaxis azarae infumata Zimmer*. ZIMMER'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis azarae infumata ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 103, 1925 — Chinchao, Dept. Huanuco, Peru. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527 — Ninabamba and Paltaypampa, Dept. Junin; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 122, 1884 — Ninabamba, Paltaypampa, Pumamarca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., *5» P- 39. J89o — part, Peru. Synallaxis fruticicola (not of TACZANOWSKI 1879) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 26 — Corral, valley of Huayabamba (eggs); idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 123, 1884 — part, Chirimoto. Synallaxis elegantior (not of SCLATER) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 372 — Garita del Sol, Vitoc, Dept. Junin. Range: Eastern slope of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Amazonas (Molinopampa), San Martin (Valley of Huayabamba), Huanuco (Chin- chao, Vista Alegre, Huachipa), and Junin (Garita del Sol, etc.). 6: Peru (Molinopampa i, Chinchao 3, Vista Alegre i, Huachipa i). *Synallaxis azarae fruticicola Taczanowskib. TAMBILLO SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis fruticicola TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 670, 1880 — Tam- billo, Prov. Chota, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Cayandeled, Ecuador (crit.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 123, 1884 — part, Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 298 — Cayandeled, Chaguarpata, and Cechce, Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, p, q, u, v, y, Palla- tanga, Sical, Santa Rita, Cayandeled. Synallaxis elegans (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga; idem, I.e., p. 192, 1859 — part, western Ecuador. * Synallaxis azarae infumata ZIMMER: Nearest to S. a. azarae, but sooty gray frontal band much wider; crown deeper, burn sienna rather than Sanford's brown; back darker, less brownish; under parts darker sooty. Wing 59-63; tail 91-104; bill I3-I3-5' Material examined. — Peru: Molinopampa, Amazonas i; Huanuco, Chinchao 3, Vista Alegre i, Huachipa i ; Garita del Sol, Junin i. b Synallaxis azarae fruticicola TACZANOWSKI: Very similar to S. azarae elegantior, but grayish frontal band decidedly narrower, and rufous of pileum generally lighter. Wing 52-60; tail 88-98; bill 12-13. As pointed out by F. M. Chapman, this form is exceedingly close to the race found in the Eastern Andes of Colombia, and were it not that their respective ranges are widely separated by the intervening 5. azarae media, I would not be disposed to recognize it as distinct. As a matter of fact, however, only three out of thirteen examples from southwestern Ecuador agree with a large series of elegantior, while the rest may be distinguished by the characters mentioned above. Although topo- typical material has not been accessible, I have no doubt they are referable to S. fru- ticicola of TACZANOWSKI with whose description they substantially agree. Material examined. — Ecuador: Naranjo, Prov. Guayas i, Cayandeled i, Hoyauc- shi, Prov. Canar i, Zaruma, Prov. El Oro 3, Salvias, Zaruma-Zaraguro-Trail i, Alamor, Prov. Loja 2, Guainche, s.e. of Alamor i, Celica, Prov. Loja 2, Loja i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 79 Synallaxis azarae elegantior (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — part, Zaruma, Loja, Naranjo, Ecuador (spec, examined). Range : Southwestern Ecuador (in provinces of Guayas, Chim- borazo, Canar, El Oro, and Loja), and adjoining parts of northwestern Peru (Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal, Dept. Cajamarca)». i: Ecuador (Hoyaucshi, Prov. Canar i). *Synallaxis azarae media Chapman*. INTERMEDIATE SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis azarae media CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 618, 1914 — Salento, central Andes, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Cerro Munchi- que, Valle de las Pappas, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, El Eden, above Ibague, La Candela, La Palma. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 520 — Concordia, Retiro, Medellin, Santa Elena; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, k-o, s, t, Retiro, Santa Elena, Pasto, vicinity of Quito. Synallaxis frontalis elegantior (not of SCLATER) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Ibarra; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 59 — Gualea; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. G6og. Arm£e Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B 39, 1911 — Piscopata, Nanegal, Quito. Synallaxis elegantior SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Pun, La Concepcion (Valle del Chota), Lloa (Pichincha). Range : Subtropical and Temperate Zones of the Western and Cen- tral Andes of Colombia, and northern Ecuador, at least as far south as Province of Pichincha0. 2: Colombia (Salento, west Quindio Andes i, La Candela, Huila i). *Synallaxis azarae elegantior Sclater. ELEGANT SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis elegans (not of LESSON 1844) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 25, Aug a Pacasmayo (littoral of Peru), mentioned by Taczanowski (P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 230: S. frontalis), is most certainly due to a mistake. It does not occur among the localities in his "Ornithologie du Pirou." b Synallaxis azarae media CHAPMAN : Closely resembling 5. a. elegantior and S. a. fruticicola, but recognizable by the complete absence of the buff or ochraceous postocular streak, the region behind the eye being smoke or sooty gray like the auricu- lars; chest more washed with grayish; flanks paler, olivaceous rather than fulvous; white loral spot less conspicuous; grayish frontal band wide, as in elegantior. Wing 56-61; tail 90-100; bill 12-13. Specimens from the Quito region appear indistinguishable from those of Colombia and do not show any approach to S. a. fruticicola, found in the more southern parts of Ecuador. Material examined. — Colombia: Salento 2, Laguneta 2, El Eden i, La Candela i, Valle de las Pappas i. Ecuador: Quito 4. 8 Without reexamination it is impossible to ascertain whether the birds recorded from Machay and Banos, e. Ecuador (S. frontalis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94) are referable to media or fruticicola. 8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1856 — Bogotd; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 117, note i, 1859 — Bogotd (descr. juv.). Synallaxis elegantior SCLATER*, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 151, 1862 — part, spec. a-c, Bogota (new name for Synallaxis elegans SCLATER preoccupied); BER- LEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part, Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, a-j, Bogota. Synallaxis frontalis elegantior HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 631, 1906 — Bogotd (diag.). Synallaxis azarae elegantior CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 402, 1917 — Chipaque, near Bogota. Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia, and Andes of Merida, west- ern Venezuela. 30: Colombia ("Bogota" 3, Paramo de Tama 2); Venezuela, Andes of M6rida (Sierra de Me"rida i, Duramos i, Nevados 2, Valle 4, Culata 6, Escorial 7, Conejos i, Hechisera 3). *Synallaxis frontalis frontalis Pelzelnb. PELZELN'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis frontalis PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 117, 1859 — new name for Parulus ruficeps 9 of SPIX (not Sphenura ruficeps LICHTENSTEIN) Av. Bras., i, p. 85, pi. 86, fig. 2, 1824 — Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia (type in Munich Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — Goyaz city, Cuyabd and Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 384 — part, Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, and Corrego Rico, near Para- catu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part, Brazil and Argentina; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; FORBES, I.e., 1881, p. 346 — Pernambuco; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 6n — Oran (Salta) and Sierra de Totoral (Catamarca); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 14, 1887 — Lambare, Paraguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 178, 1888 — part, Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 39, 1890 — part, spec, c^r1, Chapada, Goyaz, Bahia, Salta; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 — Fortin Donovan, R. Pilco- mayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy) and (?) San Francisco (Bolivian Chaco); KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Para- guayan Chaco; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ii, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 222, 1904 — Santa • An earlier name may be Synallaxis stissitura LESSON (Echo du Monde Savant, ii, No. 13, p. 303, Aug. 15, 1844) from "Chile," but unless the type can be found, its identity will always remain doubtful. b It is probably safer to regard this bird as specifically distinct from S. azarae. Apart from its shorter, less graduated tail of ten well developed rectrices, stouter as well as shorter bill, and certain color differences, there is the possibility that the range of its western representative (5. frontalis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH) coincides, in part at least, with that of S. azarae azarae. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 81 Ana, Tucuman; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Avanhandava, Sao Paulo; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Barra do Rio Grande, and Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande, Bahia; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 524 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 128 — Villa Oliva, Puerto Pinasco, Villa Franca (Paraguay), Pan de Azucar (Matto Grosso); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 293, 1910 (range in Argen- tina); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 9, No. 96, p. 56, 1917 — Pocone and Caceres, Matto Grosso; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza; (?) TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo and Canelones, Uruguay. Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 24, 1837 — part, Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. meiid., Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Corrientes; GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, 1839 — part, Santa F£; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 38, 1856 — part "female," Congonhas and Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parana; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468, 1861 — Parana. Synallaxis azarae (not of D'ORBIGNY) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 243, 1889 (crit.); idem, I.e., 5, p. n, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso. Synallaxis frontalis frontalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Rio Ara- guaya, Fazenda Esperanga, and Goyaz, Prov. Goyaz; HARTERT and VEN- TURI, I.e., 16, p. 210, 1909 — La Soledad (Entrerios), Santa Ana (Tucuman), San Vicente and Ocampo (Santa Fe"), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires); DAB- BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 307, 1912 — San Rafael, Paraguay; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — Mendoza. Synallaxis azarae frontalis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 264, 266, 1921 — Cor- rientes (range); SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167 — San Isidro, B. Aires. Synallaxis azarai frontalis MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (B. Aires) for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Range: Central and eastern Brazil, from Maranhao, Pernambuco, and Bahia south to western Minas Geraes and northern Sao Paulo, west to Matto Grosso; Paraguay; northern Argentina, from Buenos Aires, Cordoba, and Mendoza north to Tucuman and Saltaa; (?) Uru- guay. 17: Brazil (Grajahu, Maranhao 3, Barra da Corda, Maranhao 3, Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia 5, Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, a While birds from eastern Argentina (Entrerios, Santa Fe") and Paraguay are obviously inseparable from a Brazilian series, those from Tucuman, by broader grayish frontal band and duller, less extensive rufous edging to the quills, form the transition to the Bolivian S. frontalis fuscipennis. Material examined. — Brazil, Bahia: Rio Sao Francisco (the type) i, Macaco Secco 5, Sao Marcello i, Bahia trade skins 7. Minas Geraes: Rio Jordao, near Ara- guary i. Goyaz: Goyaz City 6, Rio Araguaya 2. Matto Grosso: Cuyaba i, Chapada 2. Paraguay: Sapucay i, Bernalcue', near Asunci6n 2, Concepcion i. Argentina: Ocampo, Santa F6 3, La Soledad, Entrerios i; Prov. Tucuman, Santa Ana 2, Sar- miento i, Medinas i. 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Bahia i, Chapada, Matto Grosso 2); Argentina (Ocampo, Santa Fe i, Sarmiento, Tucuman i, Medinas, Tucuman i). *Synallaxis frontalis juae Cory*. CEARA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis frontalis juae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara. Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceard and Piauhy. 9: Brazil, Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 2, Serra Baturite" 2, Varzea For- mosa 2, Vargem Formosa i), Piauhy (Ibiapaba 2). Synallaxis frontalis fuscipennis Berlepsch*. DUSKY-QUILLED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 362, 1907 — Samaipata, Dept. Santa Cruz, Bolivia (type examined). Synallaxis azarae fuscipennis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 265, 266 (diag., range). (?) Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame'r. mend.. Ois., p. 246, 1839 — part, Chaluani, Prov. Mizque. Range: Eastern Bolivia, in Dept. of Santa Cruz (Samaipata, Valle Grande, Olgin). Synallaxis moesta moesta Sclater. SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis moesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 26, June 1856 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 8 — part, Colombia (diag.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Bogota. Synallaxis moesta moesta CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 403, 1917 — Buenavista and Villavicencio, base of eastern Andes, Colombia. Range: Eastern Colombia (Buenavista and Villavicencio; not un- common in "Bogota"-collections)°. * Synallaxis frontalis juae CORY : Very close to S. f. frontalis, but pileum and wings of a clearer, brighter cinnamon rufous; flanks more buffy brown; back more or less suffused with fulvous. Additional material received since writing the preceding lines shows this form to be inseparable from 5. /. frontalis. b Synallaxis frontalis fuscipennis BERLEPSCH: Similar to 5. /. frontalis in pro- portions, and shape of bill, but frontal band wider and more purely gray, back duller, less brownish; inner web of median rectrix dusky brown; quills on basal half only edged with dull rufous brown. Wing 57-65; tail 81-86; bill 11-12. Material examined. — Bolivia: Valle Grande i, Olgin i, Samaipata 2. 0 Known to us only from Bogota skins. An adult male said to be from San Nico- las, western Ecuador, recorded by GOODFELLOW (Ibis, 1902, p. 60) as Synallaxis pudica (!), differs by darker, more sooty gray under parts. We suspect that the birds from Mindo and Nono, Ecuador, listed as Synallaxis brunneicaudalis by LONNBERG and RENDAHL (Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 68, 1922), belong to the same form which may prove to be separable. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY -HELLMAYR. 83 Synallaxis moesta obscura Chapman*. LA MORELIA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis moesta obscura CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 620, 1914 — La Morelia, Rio Bodoquera, Caquetd, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 403, 1917 — same locality. (?) Synallaxis moesta (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, c, Sarayacu, Ecuador; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Gualaquiza and Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Range: Southeastern Colombia (Rio Bodoquera, Caquetd) and ( ?) eastern Ecuador. Synallaxis brunneicaudalis Sclaterb. RUFOUS-WINGED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis brunneicaudalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador (type lost, formerly in Lafresnaye collection). Synallaxis brunneicaudis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 457, 1858 — Zamora; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — eastern Ecuador. Synallaxis brunneicauda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 8 — part, Rio Napo; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, a, Zamora. Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo region). *Synallaxis cabanisi cabanisi Berlepsch and Leverkuhn". CABANIS'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis cabanisi BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 21, 1890 — "Peru coll. Tschudi," we suggest Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin (type examined). a Synallaxis moesta obscura CHAPMAN: "Similar to S. m. moesta, but darker throughout, the upper parts browner, the white streakings of the throat more re- stricted, the remainder of the under parts nearly one color, the breast of the same olivaceous shade as the sides and flanks instead of being grayer, the abdomen with little or no grayish." (Chapman, I.e.) . We are not acquainted with this form. Speci- mens from eastern Ecuador should be carefully studied. b Owing to the disappearance of the type, considerable uncertainty exists as to the proper application of the name. While originally described as having the whole pileum (down to the bill) rufous, P. M. Chapman identifies as S. brunneicaudalis a bird with olive brown forehead and considers it to be specifically distinct from S. cabanisi, of Peru. Not having seen any material from eastern Ecuador, I am unable to add anything to our scanty knowledge of these birds, though it appears to me very unlikely that two dusky fronted species, 5. brunneicaudalis of Chapman, and S. moesta (or subspecies), as recorded by Sclater and Salvadori, should occur side by side in eastern Ecuador. 0 Birds from Chanchamayo agree perfectly with the type. A single adult male from Yahuarmayo, Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, differs by smaller size, rather darker rufous pileum and wings, darker, less rufescent back, paler (more whitish gray) edges to throat feathers, more grayish middle of abdomen and more oliva- ceous (less rufescent) tinge on breast and flanks. Peruvian specimens correspond well to the original description of 5. brunnei- caudalis, but F. M. Chapman holds they are specifically different from the Ecua- dorian form which I have not seen. Wing of adult males: 70, 71 (Chanchamayo), 64 (Yahuramayo) ; tail 76, 78, 68. 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synattaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 283, 1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves., p. 239, 1846 — east side of Peruvian Andes. Synattaxis brunneicauda (not of SCLATER 1858?) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 8 — part, descr. and hab. "vie. of Tarma" = Amable Maria, Peru; TACZAN- OWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Amable Maria; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 124, 1884 — Amable Maria. Synallaxis brunneicauda cabanisi BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 372 — La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 115, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru. Synallaxis brunneicaudalis brunneicaudalis HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 69, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno (crit.). Synallaxis cabanisi cabanisi CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., 123, p. 7, 1923 — Tulumayo (Junin), La Pampa (Puno). Range: Tropical Zone of Peru, in depts. Loreto (Moyobamba), Junin (Chanchamayo, La Merced, Tulumayo, Amable Maria), Cuzco (Huaynapata, Marcapata), and Puno (Yahuarmayo, La Pampa). i: Peru (Moyobamba i). Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris Chapman*: YUNGAS SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 123, p. 7, 1923 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia (type examined). Range: Tropical Zone of northern Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare, Yungas of Cochabamba) . Synallaxis cabanisi macconnelli Chubb*. RORAIMA SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis macconnelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 78, 1919 — Mount Roraima, British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 95, 1921 — Roraima. Synallaxis brunneicauda (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — Roraima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 41, 1890 — part, spec, b-j, Roraima. a Synallaxis cabanisi fulviventris CHAPMAN : Differs from S. c. cabanisi by smaller size, whiter throat, and much paler under parts, the breast and sides being tawny olive, the middle of the abdomen cinnamon buff instead of grayish. Wing (one male) 61; tail 64; bill 15. b Synallaxis cabanisi macconnelli CHUBB : Closely similar to S. c. cabanisi, from Chanchamayo, Peru, but wings decidedly shorter; throat more blackish, with the pale edges much reduced; under parts darker, more of a sooty brownish; inner secondaries mostly blackish brown, only the basal half of the outer web being mar- gined with dull rufescent brown. Wing (three specimens) 62-63; tail 73-75; bill I4-5-I5-5- Whatever S. brunneicaudalis, of Ecuador may be, there can be no question that the birds from British Guiana constitute but a poorly marked race of the Peruvian 5. cabanisi. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 85 Synallaxis brunneicaudalis macconnelli HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 70 (in text), 1920 — Roraima (crit.). Range: British Guiana (Roraima Mts.). *Synallaxis spixi spixi Sclater. SPIX'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis spixi SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 98, Aug. 1856 — Brazil; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 117, 1859 — Ypanema and Sao Luiz d'Almeida, Sao Paulo (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — same localities; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 383 (occurrence in western Minas Geraes denied); BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 — vicinity of Buenos Aires; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas, near Buenos Aires; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 9 — Brazil and Buenos Aires (diag.); BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 143, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 179, 1888 — Argen- tina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 42, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Brazil, Paysandu and Maldonaldo (Uruguay), Conchitas and La Concha (Buenos Aires)a; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 221, 1899 — Rio Grande, Cachoeira, Pira- cicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo and Novo Friburgo, Prov. Rio; idem, I.e., p. 243, 1900 (egg descr.); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 230, 1907 — Ypiranga, Estacao Rio Grande, Alto da Serra, Ubatuba, Campos de Jordao, Itarare", Iguap6, Cachoeira (Est. Sao Paulo), Vargem Alegre and Marianna (Minas Geraes); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 525 — Sapucay, Paraguay; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211, 1909 — Barracas al Sud and Punta Lara, Prov. Buenos Aires (crit.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Alto Parana, Barracas al Sud; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914— Alto Parana; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 167, 1918 — Isla de Martin Garcia, Buenos Aires; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 19, 1920 — Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — San Isidro, Buenos Aires. Parulus ruficeps (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1823) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 85, pi. 86, fig. i, 1824 — part, "male." Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 79, J839 — part, Maldonado; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Monte Grande, Buenos Aires. Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 39, 1856 — part, "male," Novo Friburgo, Rio; EULER, Journ. Orn., 16, p. 186, 1868 — Cantagallo (nest and egg descr.); DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 — Las Conchas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, now in Brit. Museum); idem, I.e., 1878, p. 61 (nest and eggs descr.); EULER, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 61, 1900 (nest descr.). Synallaxis furvicaudatus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 76, 1901 — Alto Parana, Paraguay. a The specimens from "Bolivia (Bridges)" are more likely to belong to S. spixi hypospodia SCLATER. 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synattaxis spixi notius OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 60, 1902 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires (type examined); MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Minas Geraes (Mari- anna) and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (provinces of Buenos Aires and Entrerios8). 2: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Victoria 2). Synallaxis spixi hypospodia Sclaterb. CINEREOUS-BREASTED SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis hypospodia SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 10 — Bahia; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 44, 1890 — Bahia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 92, 1906 — Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Peru (spec, examined); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Bahia; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 83, 1921 — Santa Ana. Synattaxis sp. HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira (crit.). Range: Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceard, and Amazonas (Humay- tha, Rio Madeira), and eastern Peru (Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley). Synallaxis subpudica Sclater. SILVERY-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis subpudica SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 10 — Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — Bogotd; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, P- 306 — Ambalema; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — Gualaquiza and Rio Zamora, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 404, 1917 — Bogotd Savanna. • I cannot discern any constant difference, either in size or color, between speci- nens from Brazil, and Buenos Aires (notius OBERHOLSER). The type of the latter, a bird in very worn condition, agrees in grayness of back and almost complete ab- sence of brownish suffusion on flanks, with Brazilian examples in corresponding plu- mage. Freshly molted individuals from Buenos Aires and Brazil are much browner above and on the flanks. A single adult male from Paraguay (furvicaudatus BER- TONI) does not differ in coloration, but has longer wings (58 against 50-54) than any other specimen. Material examined. — Brazil: Rio 5, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao, Victoria, Ypan- ema, Sao Luiz d' Almeida) 7, Santa Catharina 3, Rio Grande do Sul 2; Paraguay, Sapucay i ; Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, Conchitas 2, Barracas al Sud 2. b Synattaxis spixi hypospodia SCLATER: Differs from 5. spixi spixi merely by somewhat stouter bill and by having the forehead brownish gray, more or less con- trasted with the rufous crown. From S. a. albescens, of southern Brazil, it is readily distinguished by its much larger (thicker) bill, uniform dusky brown tail (without trace of rufescent or russet brown edges), conspicuous blackish throat patch, much darker gray breast, etc. Six Bahia trade skins measure: Wing 54-57; tail 74-79; bill 12.5-13. A single male from Santa Ana, Peru, and a female from Humaytha, Rio Madeira have some- what shorter tails (70 mm.), and the last named, besides, has the throat blacker than any other specimen seen by me. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 87 Range : Eastern Andes of Colombia (Savanna of Bogota) and Ecu- ador (Gualaquiza, Zamoraa). *Synallaxis albescens albescens Temminck. WHITE-THROATED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis albescens TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. 2, Sept. 1823 — South Brazil, coll. Natterer (we designate Cimeterio do Lambari, near Soro- caba, Prov. Sao Paulo, as type locality) ; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 118, 1859 — part, Cimeterio [do Lambari], Itarare" (Sao Paulo), Caicara and Poruti (Matto Grosso), Araguay; HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 1 13 — Buenos Aires; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 9 — part, southern and central Brazil, Buenos Aires; FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 346 — Pernambuco; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — San Javier, Misiones; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 207, 1883 — Concepcion, Entrerios (breeding habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 179, 1888 — Argentina (habits); BER- LEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 19, 1890 — Monte Alegre, w. Minas Geraes (char.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 43, 1890 — part, spec, j-o, Lagoa Santa (Brazil), Buenos Aires, Belgrano, La Plata, Mendoza; HOLLAND, Ibis, 1895, p. 216 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tucuman; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Batataes, Sao Jos6 do Rio Pardo, Bauni, Itarar<§, Jaboticabal, Est. do Sao Paulo; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 525 — Sapucay, Paraguay; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Alagoinhas (Bahia), Petrolina, Rio Sao Fran- cisco (Pernambuco), S. Antonio de Gilboez and Santa Philomena (Piauhy) (spec, examined); SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — La Paz, Mendoza; BERTONI, I.e., p. 256, 1919 — Puerto Bertoni; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 47, *923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Minist. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. Synallaxis albescens albescens HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., ig, p. 59 ,1908 — Faz. Esperanca, Goyaz; HARTERT and VENTURI, I.e., 16, p. 211, 1909 — La Soledad (Entrerios) and Mocovi (Chaco) ; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Cordoba, Tucuman, Chaco, Barracas; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — Las Talas, La Plata; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916— Mendoza. Synallaxis frontalis (not of PELZELN) REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 384 — part, juv., Lagoa Santa. Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Pernambuco south to western Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa; Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and northern Sao Paulo, west to Matto Grosso; Paraguay; northern Argen- • This very distinct species, immediately recognizable by its extremely long, narrow rectrices, is known to me only from the Temperate Zone in the vicinity of Bogota. Stone's record from Ambalema, Magdalena Valley, is perhaps question- able while the Bolivian bird, mentioned by Sclater, most certainly belongs to some other species. Specimens from Ecuador require comparison with topotypical material. 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. tina (in provinces of Misiones, Entrerios, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe", Mendoza, La Rioja, and Tucuman)6. 4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-assii 2, Cod6 i), Piauhy (Ibiapaba i). *Synallaxis albescens albigularis Sclater. NORTHERN WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis albigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo, e. Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 456 — Zamora, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — Rio Napo; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1866, p. 183 — Nauta and Upper Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 167 — Caracas; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — Plain of Valencia, Venezuela; idem, I.e., p. 598 — Cosnipata, Peru; idem, I.e., *&73> P- 269 — Nauta and Ucayali, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Geoldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — Maraj6, Mexiana, Arumanduba, Brazil. Synallaxis occipitalis MADARAsz, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 — Valleand Escorial, near Me"rida, Venezuela (types examined). Synallaxis albigularis josephinae CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 60, 1919 — Mount Roraima, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 96, 1921 — numerous localities in British Guiana. Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco (spec, examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 9 — part, Bogota, Ecuador, Venezuela, "Trinidad," Guiana, Peru; TACZAN- OWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 25 — Yurimaguas, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 125, 1884 — Ucayali, Yurimaguas, Peru; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 306, 1884 — Bucaramanga; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — Merum£ Mts. and Roraima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 43, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, i, 1-f1, Bogota, Zamora, Puerto Cabello, Caracas, "Trinidad," Roraima, Merume1 Mts. "Para," Nauta, Pebas, Iquitos, Sarayacu; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — Palomina; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 177, 1904 — Mahury, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 522, 1906 — Maraj6 and Mexiana; HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana. Synallaxis albescens albigularis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 — Caicara and Altagracia (Orinoco), Suapure, (Caura), Venezuela; HELL- MAYR, I.e., 14, p. 52, 1907 — Teflfe, Rio Solimoes; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne, Roche-Marie, Approuague, French Guiana; HELL- MAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 120, 1912 — Mexiana; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 95, 1912 — Puerto Cabello; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Jocopita a Birds from Argentina (Entrerios and Santa F£) are identical with those from Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, and Matto Grosso. Specimens from northeastern Brazil (Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauhy, Maranhao) approach S. a. albigularis by having the chest more washed with grayish, though in other respects they resemble typical albescens. No material from the western provinces of Argentina is available. Material examined. — Brazil, Sao Paulo: Cimeterio do Lambari 3, Itarare' i. Minas Geraes: Agua Suja, near Bagagem 3. Matto Grosso: Poruti i. Bahia: Ala- goinhas i. Pernambuco: Petrolina 2. Piauhy: S. Antonio de Gilboez i, Santa Philo- mena i. Maranhao: Tury-assu 2, Cod6 i. Paraguay: Villa Rica 2. Argentina: La Soledad, Entrerios 2, Mocovi, Santa F6 2. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 89 (Manimo River) and Cano Corosal, Orinoco Delta; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 257, 1916 — Orinoco Valley from Las Barrancas up to the mouth of the Apure River (nesting habits) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 403, 1917 — part, Calamar, Puerto Berrio, Fusugasuga, Quetame, Villavicencio, Colombia; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 286, 1922 — Chirua, San Miguel, La Concepcion, San Antonio, Fundaci6n, Pueblo Viejo, Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta district. Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco- Caura basin; Caracas region; provinces of Aragua, Merida, and Tach- ira; heavily forested region s.w. of Lake Maracaibo); northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the Amazon; eastern Colombia (Santa Marta district, Magdalena Valley, Santander, Bogotd, Villavicencio) ; eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru. 43: British Guiana (Georgetown i); Brazil (Itacoatiard, Rio Ama- zon 3, Serra da Lua, near Boa Vista, Rio Branco i) ; Venezuela (Culata, MeYida i, Maracay, Aragua 13, Caracas 5, Colon, Tachira 3, Cata- tumbo River, Zulia 3, Encontrados, Zulia 8); Colombia (Bogotd 2, Villavicencio i); Peru (Moyobamba 2)*. *Synallaxis albescens nesiotis Clarkb. CLARK'S WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis albescens nesiotis CLARK, Auk, 19, p. 264, 1902 — El Valle, Margar- ita Isl.; LOWE, Ibis, 1907, p. 561 — Margarita Isl.; CORY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., I, p. 247, 1909 — Margarita Isl. Synallaxis ruficapilla (not of VIEILLOT) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 153, 1866 — Trinidad. Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 674, 1896 — Margarita Isl.; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 1897 — Cumanacoa, San Antonio, and Caripe', Bermudez; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 192, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad. Synallaxis albescens albigularis (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28, 1906 — Caparo, Laventille, Trinidad; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I> P- 365, 1908 — Aripo, Carenage, Trinidad. 11 Birds from the Guianas and adjoining parts of Brazil (josephinae) appear to be inseparable from albigularis, as represented by a large series from Colombia and Venezuela, although they average slightly smaller and more brownish above. I have no material from Ecuador (the type locality), but skins from Moyobamba agree with the Venezuelan ones. b Synallaxis albescens nesiotis CLARK: Exceedingly close to S. a. albigularis, but very slightly smaller; crown patch slightly, wing-coverts decidedly paler, more of an ochraceous tawny; back apparently more grayish. The characters of this rather unsatisfactory race require confirmation by better material, all of the Margarita specimens being in worn plumage. Birds from the vicinity of Cumana are obviously referable to nesiotis to which eleven skins from Trinidad, although somewhat divergent towards albigularis, seem also to belong. po FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez (hinterland of Cumana); Margarita Island; Trinidad. 9: Venezuela (Cumana i, Margarita Isl. 8). *Synallaxis albescens perpallida Todd*. TODD'S WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis albescens perpallida TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 — Rio Hacha, Goajira, Colombia; idem and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 287, 1922 — Rio Hacha. Range: Arid districts of northeastern Colombia (Goajira Penin- sula) and northwestern Venezuela (Maracaibo, Rio Aurare, northern Zulia). 4: Venezuela (Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare 2, Empelado Savanna i). *Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca Ridgway. WHITE-BELLIED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis albescens hypoleuca RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Nata, Code", eastern Panama; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 195, 1911 — Nata, CodS, Panama. Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 143 — Santa Fe de Veragua; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 9 — part, Veragua; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 521 — MedelHn, Colombia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., JSi P- 43i l89° — part. sPec- a> e'h» Veragua, Medellin; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 147, 1891 — part, Veragua and Medellin. Synallaxis albescens albigularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 403, 1917 — part, La Frijolera, Caldas, Call, La Manuelita, Guengue, Rio Frio, Cauca Valley, Colombia. Range: Panama (Frances, Chiriqui; Santa Fe" de Veragua; Nata, Code") and western Colombia (Cauca Valley and Caldas basin) b. 6: Panama (Frances 2, Chiriqui 2); Colombia (Cali 2). " Synallaxis albescens perpallida TODD: Closely similar to S. a. albigularis, but somewhat smaller; under parts paler, chest but slightly shaded with grayish, middle of abdomen more extensively white. Wing 54-58; tail 75-8o. Our spedmens from northern Zulia are identical with the typical series from the Goajira Peninsula. b Although I have not seen the type, I have little doubt our birds from Cali and Chiriqui are referable to S. a. hypoleuca RIDGWAY. They are very similar to 5. a. per- pallida, but decidedly more brownish above, with a rufescent tinge on the rump, while the rufous patch on the wings is more extensive, involving also the outer edges of the greater coverts. The skins from Chiriqui have the breast more strongly washed with grayish, thereby approaching 5. a. latitabunda, of Costa Rica. The latter, however, has the crown and wing patch of a very much deeper rufous, and the flanks much darker brown. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 91 *Synallaxis albescens latitabunda Bangs. COSTA RICAN GRAY- BREASTED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis albescens latitabunda BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 298, 1907 — Boruca (type), Paso Real, and Barranca, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 634, 1910 — Buenos Aires and Boruca, s.w. Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 194, 1911 — part, s.w. Costa Rica. Synallaxis albescens (not of TEMMINCK) CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 38, 1893 — Terraba and Buenos Aires. Range: Southwestern Costa Rica, north to the Terraba Valley. 2: Costa Rica (Boruca i, Terraba i). *Synallaxis brachyura brachyura Lafresnaye. GRAY-THROATED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis brachyurus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie" = Bogotd (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined; =juv.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota; SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 322 (crit. on type). Synallaxis pudica SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 10 — part, Bogotd; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 521 — Remedies; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — part, spec, s-y, Remedies, Bogotd. Synallaxis pudica pudica CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 3^, p. 404, 1917 — near San Agustin, Andalucia, Fusugasugd, Anolaima, La Frijolera. Synallaxis brachyurus brachyurus BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p- 25, 1919 (note on type). Range: Eastern Colombia, in Magdalena Valley, extending west- ward into Antioquia (Remedies; La Frijolera, Rio Nechi). 3: Colombia (Bogota 3). Synallaxis brachyura caucae Chapman*. CAUCA VALLEY SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis pudica caucae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 622, 1914 — La Manuelita, near Palmira, Cauca; idem, I.e., 36, p. 404, 1917 — La Man- uelita, Miraflores, Cali, and Guengue, Cauca Valley. Range: Cauca Valley, Colombia. *Synallaxis brachyura nigrifumosa Lawrence. SOOTY SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis nigrifumosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 181, 1867 — Greytown, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 105, 1868 — "Payna" = Pacuar6, Costa Rica; SALVIN, Ibis, 1870, p. no (crit.). '•Synallaxis brachyura caucae CHAPMAN: Nearest to 5. b. brachyura, but crown paler, cinnamon rufous rather than chestnut hazel; back mouse gray without any olivaceous wash; rump and upper tail-coverts paler grayish olive. Two specimens from the type locality examined. 92 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VL. XIII. Synallaxis pudica (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- part, (?) Chiriqui, Costa Rica; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, (?) Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 149, pi. 44, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Nicaragua to (?) Chiriqui; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 496, 1893 — Rio Escon- dido, Nicaragua (habits, descr. nest); BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca and Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica (juv- descr.) ; PERRY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegei Mus., 6, p. 635, 1910 — Costa Rica (crit., habits, nest and eggs). Synallaxis pudica nigrifumosa RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 192, 1911 — southern Honduras to Costa Rica and (?) western Panama (monog.). Synallaxis brachyurus nigrofumosus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 12, 1923 — part, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Range: Southern Honduras (Rio Segovia), Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; (?) western Panama (Chiriqui). 8 : Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 3) ; Costa Rica (Siquir- res i, Guayabo 2, Buenos Aires 2). *Synallaxis brachyura chapman! Bangs and Penard*. CHAPMAN'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis brachyurus chapmani BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p- 25, 1919 — Jimenez, Colombia (type examined). Synallaxis brachyurus griseonuchus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 12, Aug. 1923 — Santa Rosa, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador. Synallaxis pudica (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 88 — Nanegal; idem, I.e., p. 278 — Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 294 — Esmeraldas; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 10 — part, Panama and Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 298 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 94 — Yaguachi; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 45, 1890 — part, spec, j-s, Lion Hill, Panama; Balzar, Santa Rita, San Lucas, Nanegal, Baba- hoyo, Guayaquil; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Chimbo, Paramba; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 19, 1899 — " Synallaxis brachyura chapmani BANGS and PENARD: Very similar to 5. b. nigri- fumosa, but back decidedly duller and less brownish; under parts on average paler gray. This is a very unsatisfactory race, a good many specimens being hardly dis- tinguishable from those of Central America. I cannot agree with F. M. Chapman in uniting the Colombian birds (chapmani) with nigrifumosa and separating, at the same time, those from Ecuador as a different form. Examples from the latter coun- try, at least those from Esmeraldas and Santo Domingo de los Corpnados, appear to me identical with a series from the Rio Dagua. It is, however, possible that the term griseonuchus may ultimately have to be restricted to the birds of southwestern Ecua- dor (from Prov. Guayas southward) which are very pale, particularly below. Material examined. — Panama: Loma del Leon 4. Colombia: Sipi i, Pueblo Rico i, Jimenez 3, San Jose' 2, Rio Dagua 5. Ecuador: Prov. Esmeraldas 10, Santo Domingo de los Coronados 5, Gualea i, Chimbo 4. S. b. nigrifumosa: twenty-four specimens from Nicaragua and Costa Rica. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 93 Rio Peripa; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1148 — Sipi and Pueblo Rico, Colombia; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. Ge"og. Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, p. B 40, 1911 — Santo Domingo, Gualea; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — below Nono and n.w. side of Pichincha. Synallaxis brunneicaudalis (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 319, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama. Synallaxis fuliginosa (not of LAFRESNAYE) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — Santo Domingo and Gualea (spec, examined). Synallaxis pudica pudica RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 191, 1911 — part, eastern Panama, and Ecuador. Synallaxis pudica nigrifumosa (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 404, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Dabeiba, Iguamiando, Bagado, Choc6, Noanamd, N6vita, San Jose, Los Cisneros, Barbacoas, and Ricaurte, Col- ombia. Range: Eastern Panama (from the Canal Zone southward), and Pacific slopes of Colombia and Ecuador, down to Province El Oro. 16: Colombia (San Jose" 2, Rio Dagua 3) ; Ecuador (Santo Domingo de los Coronados 3; Prov. Esmeraldas, San Javier 2, Carondelet i, Paramba i, Cayapas i; Chimbo 3). *Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis (Gmelin). GUIANAN SPINE-TAIL. Motacilla gujanensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (2), p. 988, 1789 — based on "Le Rouge-queue, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 686, fig. 2. Sphenura cinnamomea (not Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN) LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Cayenne. Anabates ruficaudus TEMMINCK, Nouv. Rec. PI. col., Tabl. me'th., p. 66, Jan. 1839 — based on DAUBENTON, PI. enl., 686, fig. 2. Synallaxis guianensis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 27, 1859 — Cayenne; LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- n — part, Cayenne, Surinam, Pard, Rio Negro; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — Bartica Grove; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 46, 1890 — part, spec. n-h, Bartica Grove, Surinam, Cayenne, Para; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Saint Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54 P- 523, 1906 — San Antonio do Prata, Castanhal, Ourem (Rio Guama); idem, I.e., 56, p. 529, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — part, Para, Castanhal, Quati-Puru, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama (Ourem), Rio Tocantins (I. PaeLourenco, Pirunum, Arumatheua), Rio Tapaj6z (Pimental), Arumanduba, Monte Alegre, Rio Jamunda (Faro) ; CHUBB, Birds, Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 97, 1921 — Bartica, Supenaam River. Synallaxis gujanensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 — La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne, Roche-Marie, and Approuague, French Guiana. 94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 — Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z; (?) idem, I.e., p. 52 — TeS6, Rio Solimoes; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para, S. Antonio, Castanhal, Ourem; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 260, 1916 — Las Barrancas (Orinoco R.), La Union and La Pricion (Caura R.), Venezuela; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam. Synallaxis guianensis guianensis BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I, p. 133, 1907 — Bartica Grove. Synallaxis inornata (not of PELZELN 1856) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Rio Negro. Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco- Caura basin); northern Brazil, south of the Amazon from Maranhao to the Tapaj6z, north of that river as far west as Manaos*. 5: British Guiana (Mazaruni River 2); Brazil, Maranhao (Sao Bento 2, Tury-assii i). Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CJiapmanb. COLOMBIAN SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 620, 1914 — Buena Vista, above Villavicencio, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 405, 1917 — Buena Vista and Villavicencio, Colombia. Synallaxis guianensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. u — part, Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 46, 1890 — part, spec, j, k, Bogota. Range: Eastern base of the Eastern Andes in Colombia (Villavi- cencio and Buena Vista; also found in native "Bogota" collections). *Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae Cory. PERUVIAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Lagunas, lower Huallaga, Peru. a Specimens from northern Brazil (Maranhao, Pard, Rio Tapaj6z) appear to be inseparable from the Guianan ones, although the majority are more buffy, less brownish beneath, with more white along the middle line. The status of the birds found on the Rio Solimoes (Teff6) remains doubtful, and more satisfactory material may show them to belong to S. g. huallagae. Material examined. — French Guiana 10, British Guiana 3, La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela 3. Brazil: Maranhao 3, Para 2, Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z 2, Teff£, Rio Soli- moes 2. b Synallaxis gujanensis columbianus CHAPMAN: Similar to S. g. gujanensis, but much whiter beneath, the chest very faintly tinged with grayish, and the flanks grayish olive instead of tawny olive. Wing 61 ; tail 77; bill 13.5. Material examined. — Colombia: Villavicencio 2, "Bogota" 3. 0 Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae CORY: Nearest to 5. g. inornata, but upper parts much darker, less rufescent; lower surface dingy smoke brownish instead of bright rusty buff, with the flanks more olivaceous. Wing 62-65; tail 69-71; bill I3-5-I5- Material examined. — Peru: Lagunas i (the type), Nauta i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 95 Range: Eastern Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga; Nauta, Rio Marafion)a. i: Peru (Lagunas i). Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus Chapman*. GRAY-CAPPED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. n, 1923 — Rio Tavara, Peru. Range: Southeastern Peru, north slope of Sierra of Carabaya (Rio Tavara). Synallaxis gujanensis inornata Pelzeln0. Rio MADEIRA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis inornata PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20, p. 161, 1856 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (type examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 120, 1859 — part, Borba, Salto do Girao; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 36, 1868 — part, Borba and Salto do Girao. Synallaxis guianensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- n — part, spec, i, "Rio Negro" (spec, examined"1); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 — Monte Verde and Bom Lugar, Rio Purus (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — part, Rio Purus. Synallaxis albilora (not of PELZELN) IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 — Rio Jurua (spec, examined); idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 231, 1907 — part, Rivers Punis and Jurua. Synallaxis gujanensis inornata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humay- tha, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Calama, Allianca, Rio Madeira (crit., range). " An earlier name may be Anabates pulvericolor SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo). Unfortunately the type, formerly in the Lafresnaye collec- tion has disappeared, and no material from Ecuador is available. b Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus CHAPMAN: "Most nearly related to S. g. huall- agae, but crown deep mouse gray instead of dull mummy brown ; the back somewhat browner than the crown and passing gradually into Saccardo's umber on the rump; tail and wings slightly paler; under parts decidedly grayer." (Chapman, I.e.). We are not acquainted with this race. 0 Synallaxis gujanensis inornata PELZELN : Closely similar to 5. g. gujanensis, but upper parts, especially pileum, of a warmer, more rufescent brown tinge; cheeks and auriculars more buffy brownish; under parts much brighter rusty buff, some- times almost clay color, hardly paler along middle line; rufous of wings and tail on average deeper. Wing 60-65; tail 64-75; bill 14-15. This form, by the coloration of the under parts, connects the northern races with S. g. albilora, of Matto Grosso, and S. g. certhiola TODD, of Bolivia. Some specimens approach them also by having the upper tail-coverts margined with rufous. Material examined. — Rio Madeira: Borba 3, Salto do Girao i, Humaytha i, Cal- ama 2, Allianca i; Rio Purus, Monte Verde i, Bom Lugar i; Rio Jurud i. d The locality of this specimen which has no original label is unquestionably erron- eous. It is one of Natterer's skins received from the Vienna Museum and much more likely to have been obtained on the Rio Madeira, since it agrees perfectly with other individuals from this region. 96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Western Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira to the Jurua. Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola Todd*. BOLIVIAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis certhiola TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 29, p. 97, 1916 — Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (type examined). Synallaxis albilora (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- " — part, Bolivia; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 47, 1890 — part, spec, b, Bolivia. Range: Eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Potrerito, Pal- marito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos). Synallaxis gujanensis albilora PELZELNb. WHITE-LORED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis albilora PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20, p. 160, 1856 — Cuyabd, Matto Grosso (type examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 1 20, 1859 — Cuyabd, Engenho do Gama, and Villa Maria [ = San Luiz de Caceres], Matto Grosso (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — same localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. n — part, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 47, 1890 — part, spec, a, Cuyabd; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 231, 1907 — part, Matto Grosso and Paraguay; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 56, 1917 — Pocone", Matto Grosso. Synallaxis gujanensis inornata (not of PELZELN) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 621 (in text), 1914 — Urucum and San Lorenzo River, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 93, 1920 — Matto Grosso. a Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola TODD : Nearest to S. g. inornata, but anterior portion of crown decidedly grayish (more like 5. g. gujanensis} ; back paler and more olivaceous (less rufescent) brown; wings and tail lighter rufous; cheeks and auricu- lars more grayish (like gujanensis) ; under parts conspicuously paler, cinnamon buff rather than clay color, with the middle of the belly buffy white, and the flanks more fulvous; axillars and under wing-coverts lighter orange ochraceous. Wing 59-62; tail 67-70; bill 14. Material examined. — Bolivia : Santa Cruz de la Sierra i , Potrerito i , Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos 3. b Synallaxis gujanensis albilora PELZELN: Nearest to 5. g. certhiola, but breast and sides much more deeply colored, orange ochraceous instead of cinnamon buff; tertials and upper tail-coverts bright cinnamon rufous; back fulvous brown, more or less suffused with cinnamon rufous; hind crown more brownish; cheeks and auricu- lars buffy rather than grayish; sides of neck ochraceous instead of grayish, etc. Wing 62-66; tail 78-83; bill 13-15. An adult bird from Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa) is identical with those from Cuyabd and Urucum, while a single female from Engenho do Gama (Rio Guapor6) closely approaches S. g. certhiola. Material examined. — Brazil: Cuyabd 5, Urucum 4, San Lorenzo River i, En- genho do Gama i. Paraguay. Colonia Risso, Rio Apa i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 97 Range: Central Brazil, in State of Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Uru- cum, San Lorenzo River, Pocone, San Luis de Caceres, Engenho do Gama) and northern Paraguay (Colonia Risso, Rio Apa) . Synallaxis gujanensis simoni Hellmayr*. SIMON'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis simoni HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 19, p. 54, 1907 — Rio Araguaya, State of Goyaz, Brazil; idem, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 59, 1908 — Rio Araguaya. Range : Central Brazil, State of Goyaz (Leopoldina, Rio Araguaya) . Synallaxis tithys Taczanowskib. TACZANOWSKI'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis tithys TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 — Lechugal, Prov. Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 129, 1884 — Tumbez and Lechugal (Peru), Rio Zurumilla, Prov. El Oro (Ecuador). Range: Northwestern Peru (Lechugal, Prov. Tumbez) and southwestern Ecuador (Rio Zurumilla, Prov. El Oro; Salado, near Guayaquil, Prov. Guayas). *Synallaxis cinerascens Temminck. GRAY-BELLIED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis cinerascens TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. 3, Sept. 1823 — "Bresil, coll. Natterer," = Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sit- zungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 118, 1859 — Curytiba, Parana, and Ypanema, Sao Paulo (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 36, 1868 — same localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. n — Brazil; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 143, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 — Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Mundo Novo and Sao Lourenco; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 15?, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 231, 1907 — Bauru (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parana), Puerto Bertoni (Paraguay); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 525 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295, 1910 — Puerto Bertoni. a Synallaxis gujanensis simoni HELLMAYR: Agreeing with 5. g. albilora in bright cinnamon rufous tertials and upper tail-coverts, but easily recognizable by having the entire back uniform cinnamon rufous; the under parts mostly white, the fore- neck and sides only washed with buff; the pileum much more brownish (about raw umber); the axillars and under wing-coverts much paler ochraceous buff. Wing (one adult female, the type) 61 ; tail 73; bill 14. b Synallaxis tithys TACZANOWSKI: A very distinct species, not dissimilar to 5. cin- erascens, but easily recognizable by dull slate gray (instead of warm olive brown) pileum and upper back; ochraceous buff (instead of chestnut rufous) upper wing- coverts; sooty black (instead of dark chestnut rufous) tail; creamy white axillars, under wing-coverts, and quill lining; yellow (not blackish) legs and feet; somewhat slenderer bill. Wing (one male) 56; tail 62; bill 12.5. The characters are taken from an adult male, obtained by G. von Buchwaldt at Salado, near Guayaquil, on August 14, 1903, in collection of Tring Museum, England. 98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Sinattaxis cinerascens BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [author's sep. p. 6] — Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraguay (Sapucay, Puerto Bertoni). i: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Victoria i). Synallaxis maranonica Taczanowski*. MARANON SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis maranonica TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 230 — Guajango, Rio Maranon; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 130, 1884 — Guajango; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 (ex TACZANOWSKI); BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Bellavista, Maranon. Range: Northern Peru, on the upper Maranon (Bellavista, Gua- jango). Synallaxis propinqua Pelzelnb. WHITE-BELLIED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis propinqua PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 101, 121, 1859 — Rio Madeira, below the junction of the Rio Mahissy, Brazil (type examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — Rio Madeira; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- I2 — Ri° Madeira and eastern Peru; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 48, 1890 — Iquitos and Ucayali, (Peru), Rio Napo (Ecuador); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 126, 1884 — Iquitos, Peru; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 — Rio Jurua; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 232, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 317, 1910 — Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Rio Mahissy (crit.) ; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 322, 1914 — "Alto Amazonas." Synallaxis terricolor SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 183 — Rio Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Upper and Lower Ucayali, Peru. Range: Upper Amazonia, from western Brazil (Rio Madeira) to eastern Peru (Ucayali, Iquitos) ; ( ?) eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo) . Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax Sclater. SPOTTED-BREASTED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis stictothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Guayaquil, * Synallaxis maranonica TACZANOWSKI: Somewhat similar to S. cinerascens in brown (though lighter and less rufescent) dorsal surface, deep hazel wings, chestnut rufous tail, and mouse gray under parts; but easily distinguishable by much longer bill and wings, and by lacking the conspicuous white supra loral streak and black throat patch. From 5. propinqua it may be recognized by heavier, shorter bill, absence of black gular patch, darker under parts (mouse gray, instead of pale grayish, largely white along abdominal line) and much darker as well as more extensive rufous on wings. Wing 60-65; tail 65-71 ; bill 14. Material examined. — Peru: Bellavista, Rio Maranon 4. b Synallaxis propinqua PELZELN: Not unlike 5. cinerascens in general coloration and markings of throat; but bill much longer and slenderer, with pale yellow man- 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 99 Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. i — Guayaquil and Puna Island, Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Guayaquil; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 — Guayaquil and Puna Island; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 — Guayaquil. Synallaxis stictothorax stictothorax CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 257, 1919 — Bahia de Caraque (Manavi), Guayaquil and Daule (Guayas), Puna Isl., Machala (El Oro). Range: Western Ecuador, from the coast of Manavi (Caraque Bay) south to Machala, Prov. El Oro. Synallaxis stictothorax maculata Lawrence*. PERUVIAN SPOTTED- BREASTED SPINE-TAJL. Synallaxis maculata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 10, p. 186, 1874 — Prov. Tumbez, Peru. Synallaxis stictothorax piurae CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 257, 1919 — Chilaco, near Samate on the Rio Chira, Prov. Piura. Synallaxis stictothorax (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877 p. 323 — Tumbez; idem, I.e., p. 751 — Santa Lucia, Tumbez (egg descr.); idem, I.e., 1879, p. 231 — Pacasmayo; idem, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 126 — Guadalupa, Pacas- mayo, Santa Lucia, Tumbez; BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1910 — Bellavista and Perico, Maranon R. Range: Northern Peru, in depts. of Tumbez, Piura, Lambayeque, Libertad (Guadalupa, Pacasmayo), and Cajamarca (upper Maranon River). *Synallaxis scutata scutata Sclater. CINNAMON-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis scutata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 191, 1859 — Brazil (the type examined in British Museum is from Bahia); idem, I.e., 1874, p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 2 (fig. of type); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 — Bahia and Chapada, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 232, 1907 — Bahia, Matto dible; under parts much paler gray, with center of belly extensively white; rufous wing area much lighter and chiefly restricted to lesser and median coverts; tail much lighter rufous, etc. Wing 58; bill 15. Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Madeira i (the type). Peru: Iquitos 2. • Synallaxis stictothorax maculata LAWRENCE: Similar to 5. s. stictothorax, but back more ruf escent brown ; cinnamon rufous area at base of remiges more extensive ; tail almost wholly rufous, only the median pair of rectrices being washed with dusky on terminal portion of inner web. Compared with four topotypical stictothorax from Guayaquil, a single specimen from Tumbez (maculata) appears to be decidedly referable to the southern form separated by P. M. Chapman as piurae, although the dusky terminal patch on the central rectrix is slightly more extended than in one from Pacasmayo. Birds from the Maranon we have not seen, but from geographical reasons they would be expected to belong to maculata rather than to the Ecuadorian stictothorax ioo FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Grosso; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Parnagua, Piauhy (spec, examined). Synallaxis scutata neglecta CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Jua, near Iguatti, Ceara. Synallaxis wheiti [sic] (not S. whitei SCLATER) IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — part, Avanhandava, Sao Paulo (spec, examined). Synallaxis scutata scutata HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 59, 60, 1908 — Rio The- souras, Rio Araguaya, Paz. Esperanga, Goyaz (crit., range). Range: Eastern and central Brazil, in states of Maranhao, Piauhy, Ceara, and Bahia, south to western Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and northern Sao Paulo (Sao Jeronymo, Avanhandava, Rio Tiete"), west through southern Goyaz to eastern Matto Grosso (Cha- pada; Utiarity, near Sal to Bello, Rio Papagaio)8. 9: Brazil, Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 4, Vargem Formosa i), Piauhy (Arara 2, Deserto i), Maranhao (Barra da Corda i). *Synallaxis scutata whitii Sclaterb. WHITE'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis whitii SCLATER, Ibis (4) 5, p. 600, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1881 — Oran, Prov. Salta, Argentina; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 611 — Oran; SCLATER and a Birds from eastern Brazil (Bahia, Ceara, Piauhy) and Goyaz have the whole back like the upper wing-coverts, tertials, and tail bright cinnamon rufous, abruptly contrasted with the pale brown or grayish brown pileum. The intensity of colora- tion on the underparts and sides of head is extremely variable individually. Ceara examples appear to me inseparable, although two or three are paler below than any other bird examined in the present connection. Specimens from the interior of Brazil form the transition to the western race 5. s. whitei. The variation is well illustrated by a series from eastern Matto Grosso (Chapada) in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Two individuals are indistinguishable from Bahia skins; three have the fea- thers of the back slightly margined with brown; in two others the upper parts are mainly brown, though there is a distinct cinnamon rufous suffusion in the middle of the back, and finally one male (No. 33754 A.M.N.H.) differs from whitei only by lighter rufous wings and tail, and by having the lateral interscapulars washed with rufous. A male from Sao Paulo (Sao Jeronymo) and two adults from Minas Geraes (Agua Suja) are closely similar to the last named variety. Material examined. — Bahia: Bahia 2, trade skins 2 ; Piauhy 4; Ceara 12 ; Goyaz 3 ; Minas Geraes, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 2; Matto Grosso, Chapada 10, Utiarity, near Salto Bello i; Sao Paulo, SSo Jeronymo, Tiete" i. b Synallaxis scutata whitii SCLATER: Differs from 5. 5. scutata by having the back down to the tail-coverts plain olive brown, without any rufous suffusion; the wings and tail decidedly deeper rufous; the tertials mainly olive brown, but nar- rowly edged with rufescent along outer web ; the under parts and sides of head some- what deeper ochraceous. Four specimens from Urucum, in western Matto Grosso I cannot separate from the Jujuy series, while birds from eastern Matto Grosso (Chapada) are decidedly referable to S. s. scutata. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Four males from Jujuy (Ledesma) 58.5,60,60,60.5 71-74 "-5-13 Three males from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) 60,60,61 68-73 12-13 Three males from Matto Grosso (Urucum) 58,58,60 63,64,68 12-13 Two females from Jujuy (Ledesma) 57,57-5 69,70 12 One female from Matto Grosso (Urucum) 55 63 12 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 101 HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 181, 1888 — Oran; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 50, 1890 — Oran; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 291, 1895 — Cata- marca; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — San Lorenzo, Jujuy; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso (spec, examined). Synallaxis ivheiti (sic) IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — part, Matto Grosso, Argentina, Bolivia (Santa Cruz). Synallaxis scutata whitii HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 60, 1908 — Urucum s.w. Matto Grosso; S. Lorenzo and Ledesma, Jujuy; Oran, Salta (diag.); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 294, 1910 — Jujuy, Salta, "Mocovi, Chaco," Catamarca. Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy (San Lorenzo, Ledesma), Salta (Oran), and Catamarca; eastern Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz), and southwestern Matto Grosso (Urucum, near Corumba). i: Argentina, Jujuy (Ledesma i). *Synallaxis unirufa unirufa Lafresnaye. RUFOUS SPINE-TAIL. Synnalaxis (sic) unirufus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool. 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colombie" = Bogota; BONAPARTE, Atti Sesta Riun. Scienz. Ital. Milano, p. 404, 1845 — Bogota. Synallaxis unirufus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota. Synallaxis unirufa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — Colombia; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 14 — Bogota and Antioquia; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 521 — Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — Colombia; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 — Pun, Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, !9» P- 73. 1906 — Bogota; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1148 — Tatama Mt., western Andes of Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p-4O5, 1917 — San Antonio, west of Popayan, and Cocal (western Andes), Fusugas- uga, El Roble, and El Pifion (eastern Andes). Range: Andes of Colombia (except Santa Marta Range), Ecuador (Pun), and northern Peru (Guayabamba, Dept. Amazonas)a. 2: Colombia (Coast range west of Popayan i, El Roble, above Fusugasuga i). *Synallaxis unirufa meridana Hartert and Goodson*. MERIDA RUFOUS SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis unirufa meridana HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 498, Dec. 1917 — Escorial (type) and El Valle, Andes of Merida, Venezuela. 8 Birds from the western Andes of Colombia have, as a rule, slightly larger bills, while two skins from Pun (Ecuador) and Peru (Guayabamba) deviate from Bogota and East Andean specimens by rather clearer rufous coloration. b Synallaxis unirufa meridana HARTERT and GOODSON: Like 5. u. unirufa with ten rectrices; but tail longer; coloration much lighter, hazel rather than chestnut 102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis castanea (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Forest of Sierra Nevada of Me"rida (spec, examined); SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 15 — part, M6rida; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — part, spec, e, M&ida. Range: Andes of western Venezuela (Sierra of MeYida), west to the Colombian line (Paramo de Tama). 4: Venezuela (Nevados, Andes of Me"rida i) ; Colombia (Paramo de Tama 3). *Synallaxis unirufa castanea Sclater*. BLACK-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis castanea SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 466, 1856 — vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela (types in Paris Museum examined); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Venezuela; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1868, p. 627 — Caracas; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- X5 — part, diag. and hab., Caracas; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f, Caracas, Ven- ezuela; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 73, 1906 — Caracas (crit.). Range : Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela (Silla de Caracas ; Galipan, Cerro del Avila) . 2: Venezuela (Silla de Caracas 2). Synallaxis fusco-rufa Sclater*. SANTA MARTA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis fusco-rufa SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 578, pi. 43, fig. i — San Sebastian, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (type in British Museum exam- ined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — San Sebastian; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — San Miguel; idem, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., i, p. 79, 1899 — San Sebastian and El Mamon; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 159, 1900 — Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta; rufous and with suggestion of a dark throat patch by the black bases of the feathers showing through. Wing 60-65; tail 90-106; bill 14. This interesting form — although erroneously described as being darker — by its much clearer rufous coloration, suggestion of black throat patch and longer tail closely approaches S. u. castanea, but may be distinguished by slightly darker upper parts, ten (instead of eight) rectrices, and by lacking the large black gular patch. Material examined. — Venezuela, Andes of MeYida: Nevados i, Escorial i, El Valle i. Colombia: Paramo de Tama 3. * Synallaxis unirufa castanea SCLATER : Similar to 5. unirufa meridana in size and clear hazel or cinnamon rufous coloration, but upper parts somewhat lighter; throat occupied by a large well denned black patch; tail composed of eight (instead of ten) rectrices. Wing 58-63; tail 93-106; bill 13-15. While eight is the normal number, I find two individuals with ten rectrices among the series of seventy-four skins examined in the present connection. b Synallaxis fusco-rufa SCLATER: Nearly allied to the S. unirufa group, but back olive gray, abruptly contrasted with the deep cinnamon rufous of pileum, nape, sides of head, and wings ; lores white, tipped with dusky ; tertials olive brown, edged with cinnamon rufous; throat and breast as in S. u. meridana, but abdomen much paler, about clay color, shaded with brownish laterally; tail composed of ten rec- trices. Four specimens examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 103 TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 288, 1922 — Chirua, Maco- tama, San Lorenzo, Pueblo Viejo, Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de Mamarongo, San Miguel, Heights of Chirua. Range: Subtropical Zone of Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia. Synallaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea Lafresnaye*. CINNAMOMEOUS SPINE -TAIL. Syn[nalaxis] cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colom- bie" = Bogotd; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota. Synallaxis laemosticta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192, 1859 — new name for Synnalaxis cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYEb; idem, I.e., 1874, P- 15 — Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — Bogotd. Synallaxis terrestris laemosticta HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 97, 1912 — Bogotd (diag.). Range: Eastern Colombia (only known from native "Bogotd"- collections) . Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari Hartert0. BOLIVAR'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis terrestris bolivari HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 37, p. 31, 1917 — Silla de Caracas (type) and Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela. Synallaxis striatipectus (not of CHAPMAN) ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 174, 1901 — San Julian, near La Guaira. Synallaxis terrestris striatipectus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 96, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo (crit.). Range: Northern Venezuela, in State of Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and in Departmento Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro del Avila; Silla de Caracas; San Julian). • Synallaxis c. cinnamomea, the most deeply colored stage in the chain of repre- sentative forms ranging from the island of Tobago to the East Colombian Andes, shares with 5. c. bolivari the dark rufous wings, the deep chestnut tail, and the mark- ings of the throat; but may be distinguished by much darker rufous brown pileum and back, deep hazel (instead of buff or ochraceous) superciliary streak and sides of neck, and much more rufous under parts. Wing (four unsexed adults from Bogotd) 61-63; tail 67-72; bill 13-14. b The renaming of Synallaxis cinnamomeus LAFRESNAYE, on account of the earlier Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN, was unnecessary, since the latter, though until recently referred to the genus Synallaxis, proves to be genetically distinct. 8 Synallaxis cinnamomea bolivari HARTERT : Closely similar to S. c. striatipectus, but upper parts decidedly more olivaceous, less tinged with rufescent; abdomen on average paler, with the dusky streaking less pronounced. Wing 55-60; tail 64-73; bill 12-14. Material examined. — Venezuela, Carabobo: Cumbre de Valencia 4. Dept. Fed- eral Occidental: Galipan, Cerro del Avila 1-6, Silla de Caracas 6. 104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis cinnamomea striatipectus Chapman*. STRIPED-BREASTED SPINE-TAIL. Synattaxis striatipectus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 12, p. 156, 1899 — Quebrada Secca, Bermudez, Venezuela. Synallaxis terrestris (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Carip6, Bermudez; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Venezu- ela; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — part, spec, h, Venezuela. Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez (mountain ranges near Cum ana). Synallaxis cinnamomea carri Chapman*. TRINIDAD SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis carri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 7, p. 323, 1895 — Caparo, Trinidad. Synallaxis cinerascens (not of TEMMINCK) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 152, 1866 — Trinidad. Synallaxis terrestris (not of JARDINE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Trinidad. Synallaxis terrestris carri HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Caparo (crit.). Range: Island of Trinidad. Synallaxis cinnamomea terrestris Jardine. TOBAGO SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis terrestris JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 80, 1847 — Tobago; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192, 1859 — Tobago; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Tobago; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Tobago; DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 139, 1900 — Tobago (crit.). Range : Island of Tobago0. a Synallaxis cinnamomea striatipectus CHAPMAN: Differs from 5. c. terrestris by much darker, mummy brown upper parts, with the wings chestnut rather than hazel; deep chestnut brown tail; by having a very distinct ochraceous buff supercil- iary streak; the sides of neck and cheeks ochraceous, edged with blackish; foreneck and breast ochraceous (instead of brown) and like the belly heavily streaked with blackish. Wing 55-61 ; tail 62-74; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Venezuela, Bermudez: Quebrada Secca 3, Los Palmales 3, La Tigrera i, Carip6 i. b Synallaxis cinnamomea carri CHAPMAN: Nearly allied to S. c. striatipectus, with which it agrees in dark coloration of upper parts and tail, but easily recogniz- able by bister brown under parts, either wholly unstreaked or with but a limited amount of narrow buff streaking on foreneck and chest; much smaller white spots on throat, and by lacking the ochraceous buff superciliary line. From S. c. terrestris it differs by inferior size; much less white on throat with the blackish basal color show- ing through; deeper brown under parts with fewer buff streaks. Wing 54-58; tail 60-69; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Trinidad: Caparo 15, Aripo 8, Cave Mountains 2. c Twenty-four specimens examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 105 Synallaxis cinnamomea adusta Salvin and Godman*. RORAIMA SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis adusta SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) 2, p.- 450, 1884 — Roraima, British Guiana; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 419 — Roraima; idem, I.e., 1886, p. 50x5 — Mt. Twek-quay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, pi. 3, 1890 — Ror- aima; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 100, 1921 — Roraima. Range: Mountains of British Guiana (Roraima and Twek-quay). *Synallaxis erythrothorax Sclater. RUFOUS-BPEASTED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis erythrothorax SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 75, pi. 86, June 1855 — Coban (Guatemala) and Honduras; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — southern Mexico and Guatemala ; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 17 — Mexico to Honduras (monog.) ; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, 1890 — Orizaba; Yucatan; Vera Paz, Kamkhal, Chisec, and Retalhuleu, Guatemala; Honduras; SALVIN and GOD- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 150, 1891 (monog.); LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Naranjo, Guatemala; COLE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 131, 1906 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 107, 1907 — Los Amates, Patulul, and San Jose", Guatemala (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 189, 1911 — southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, and Hon- duras (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375, 1913 — Xcopen, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, and Yucatan), Guatemala, British Honduras, and Honduras. 9: Guatemala (Los Amates, Isabel 7, Patulul i, San Jose, Es- quintla i). *Synallaxis rutilans rutilans Temminck. TEMMINCK'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis rutilans TEMMINCK, Nouv. Rec. PI. col., livr. 38, pi. 227, fig. i, Sept. 1823 — "Bresil," we suggest Cameta, Rio Tocantins (presumed type in Ber- lin Museumb examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — northern Brazil; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 119, 1859 — part, Rio Negro and Marabitanas (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Rio Negro, Marabitanas; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 18 — part, descr. and hab. Rio Negro; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, P- 57» 1890 — part, spec, a, Oyapock, Cayenne; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — Santarem; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60, 1902 — Nericagua (Orinoco R.), La Pricion, Nicare, and Suapure (Caura R.), a Synallaxis cinnamomea adusta SALVIN and GODMAN : Differs from the other races by sooty crown and auriculars, and almost entirely white throat. In streaked under parts and possession of an ochraceous superciliary stripe it is not unlike 5. c. striatipectus. Material examined. — British Guiana: Roraima 2, Twek-quay i. aSee Nov. Zool., 14, 1907, p. 14. io6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Venezuela (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 145, 1908 — Oyapock Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocan- tins (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Cameta and Arumatheua (R. Tocantins), Victoria, (R. Xingii), Sta. Julia (R. Iriri), Cussary, Tamucury, Bella Vista (R. Tapaj6z), Santa Elena and Tucunar£ (Rio Jamauchim), Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Set. Bull., a, p. 260, 1916 — Maipures and Nericagua, R. Orinoco, and Caura River. Synallaxis rutilans rutilans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 13, 1907 — Rio Negro, Venezuela, Oyapock (diag., crit.); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo and Javaweg, Surinam Synallaxis rutilans amazonica (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 506, 1908 — Bella Vista, right bank of Tapajdz (spec, examined). Range: French and Dutch Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco and Caura valleys) and northern Brazil (Rio Negro; Rio Branco; north bank at Obidos; south of the Amazon, from the left bank of the Tocantins to the right bank of the Tapaj6z». i : Brazil (Conceicao, Rio Branco i). *Synallaxis rutilans amazonica Hellmayr*. AMAZONIAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis rutilans amazonica HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 14, 1907 — Itaituba, left bank of Rio Tapaj6z (type); Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yuri- maguas, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 52, 1907 — Teff6, Rio Solimoes; idem, I.e., 17, p. 318, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira (range excl. right bank of Tapaj6z); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 324, 1913 — Boim and Villa Braga, left bank of Tapaj6z. • Birds from Venezuela and Brazil, north of the Amazon (Obidos, Rio Negro) are perfectly constant in coloration, the crown and back being Brussels brown in strong contrast to the "burnt Sienna" of forehead, sides of head and neck. A single adult from the Tocantins (Arumatheua) differs only by its duller (less rufescent) brown upper parts. Four specimens from the right bank of the Tapaj6z (Bella Vista) and the Jamauchim, by showing rufous edges to the lateral interscapulars and some of the nuchal feathers, closely approach 5. r. amazonica, found on the opposite side of the Tapaj6z, and are indeed barely separable from an example obtained at Calama, Rio Madeira. Taken as a whole, however, they appear to be nearer to typical rutilans although in an earlier publication (Nov. Zool., 17, p. 319, 1910) I had re- ferred a single example from Bella Vista to amazonica. Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua, Rio Orinoco 3, Caura River, Sua- pure 2, La Pricion 3, La Union i, Nicare 2 French Guiana: Oyapock i Brazil: Rio Branco i, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 2; Rio Tocantins, Cameta i, Arumatheua i; Bella Vista, Rio Tapaj6z i, Rio Jamauchim 3. b Synallaxis rutilans amazonica HELLMAYR: Differs from 5. r. rutilans in having the whole crown and back strongly suffused with "burnt Sienna," only the rump and tail-coverts being fuliginous or slaty blackish. The amount of rufous admixture on the back is individually variable. Some specimens are almost uniform rufous from forehead to lower back, while others have only the lateral interscapulars margined with this color, differing very little from the typical race. Material examined. — Brazil, Rio Tapaj6z: Itaituba 3, Villa Braga i; Rio Made- ira, Calama 3; Teff6, Rio Solimoes 2; Peru, Chamicuros 3, Chyavetas i. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 107 Synallaxis rufogularis CHERRIE*, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 185, 1916 — Barao Melgago, Giparana River, northern Matto Grosso (type examined). Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Xeberos and Chyavetas, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Xeberos, Chyavetas, and Chamicuros, Peru; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 18 — part, Peruvian localities; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 132, 1884 — Xeberos, Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Peru. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the left bank of the Tapaj6z (Itaituba, Boim, Villa Braga) west to eastern Peru (Dept. Loreto), south to the Rio Machados (Giparana). i: Peru (Moyobamba i). Synallaxis rutilans tertia Hellmayrb. MATTO GROSSO SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis rutilans tertia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 15, 1907 — Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor6, Matto Grosso. Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 119, 1859 — part, Engenho do Gama; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — part, Irisanga and Engenho do Gama. Range: Central Brazil, in western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore", Teodoro River) and northern Sao Paulo (Iri- sanga) . Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis Chapman0. CAQUETA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 621, 1914 — Florencia, Caqueta, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 406, 1917 — same locality, Range: Southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region). a The type of this supposed species is obviously a "freak." It differs from ama- zonica by lacking the black gular patch (only the extreme bases of the throat feathers are black) and by the rufous color below terminating on the chest, while the remainder of the abdomen is of a dingy pale gray (instead of brown), slightly buffy along the median line. Wing 60 (not 76, as given by the describer); bill 12. b Synallaxis rutilans tertia HELLMAYR: Closely similar to brown backed examples of S. r. amazonica with rufous edges only to lateral interscapulars, but rump and upper tail-coverts brown like the back instead of sooty blackish. Wing 58-63; tail 60-66; bill 13. Doubtfully separable. Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama 4, Teodoro River i. 0 Synallaxis rutilans caquetensis CHAPMAN: "Similar to 5. r. amazonica, but the rufous areas much deeper (mahogany red rather than cinnamon rufous), less ex- tensive below and more extensive above, where they occupy most of the crown and back ; flanks and abdominal region olive fuscous with a slight tint of the color of the breast, rather than buffy brown." (Chapman, I.e.). This race which we do not know, needs comparison with 5. r. amazonica in which crown and back are often mostly rufous. The describer apparently compared it with specimens from Santarem, which, while somewhat intermediate, are nearer to S. r. rutilans. io8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Synallaxis rutilans omissa Hartert*. PARA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis omissa HARTERT, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., n, p. 71, 1901 — Pard (type examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 365, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata, Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Pard; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 324, 1914 — Pard, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeua, Sta Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, Rio Guamd (Sta Maria de S. Miguel, Ourem), Rio Capim (Resacca), Rio Tocantins (Baiao). Synallaxis rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Para (spec, examined); SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 18, — part, Para; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 57, 1890 — part, spec, b, Para; GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p- 499 — Rio Capim; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Para, Rio Capim, Guamd. Synallaxis rutilans omissa HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 15, 1907 — Pard (diag., crit.); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 36, 91, 1912 — Ipitinga, Peixe-Boi, Flor do Prado (Pard localities). Range: Northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maran- hao to the right bank of the Tocantins (Baiao). 5: Brazil (Utinga, near Para 2; Tury-assii, Maranhao 3). *Synallaxis gularisb gularis Lafresnaye. LAFRESNAYE'S WHITE- THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Syn[nalaxis\ gularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 390, 1843 — "Colombie" = Bogotd. Synallaxis gularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 27, p. 192, 1859 — part, New Granada; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Bogotd; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 55, 1890 — part, spec, a-i, Bogotd. Synallaxis gularis gularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 — part, El Pifion and Bogotd. Range : Temperate Zone of the East Colombian Andes (Bogotd, El Pinon, Paramo de Tama)c. i: Colombia (Paramo de Tama i). • Synallaxis rutilans omissa HARTERT: Similar in form to S. r. rutilans, but immediately distinguished by the lack of rufous in its plumage except on the wings. The whole top and sides of the head as well as the under parts, save the black throat patch, are fuliginous, though the breast is frequently washed with dull cinnamon rufous, and the back is of a much duller brown than in its ally. Wing 58-63; tail 68-76; bill 12-13. Material examined. — Pard: Pard 3, Flor do Prado i, Utinga 2, S. Antonio do Prata i, Peixe-Boi i, Ipitinga, R. Acard 2. Maranhao: Tury-assu 3. b Synallaxis gularis, which differs from the other members of the genus by its slenderer, more depressed bill and by the tail being slightly shorter (instead of de- cidedly or much longer) than the wing, should perhaps be separated generically. 0 In the absence of a satisfactory series with proper data from the Eastern Andes of Colombia, the characters of typical gularis cannot be indicated with any degree of certainty. Two "phases" are met with in Bogotd collections. One has the under 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 109 *Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris Chapman*. MERIDA WHITE- THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 149, 1912 — Quintero, near M6rida, Venezuela. Synallaris gularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Culata; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Venezuela. Range: Western Venezuela, Andes of Merida. 6: Venezuela, Merida (Culata 4, Conejos i, Monte Sierra i). Synallaxis gularis rufipectus Chapman*. WESTERN WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis gularis rufipectus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 149, June 1912 — Laguneta, west of Quindio Pass, Central Andes, Colombia. Synallaxis gularis gularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 — part, Paramillo, Andes west of Popayan, Laguneta. Range: Western and Central Andes of Colombia. Synallaxis gularis pichinchae Stone0. ECUADORIAN WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis gularis pichinchae STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 64, p. 365, Sept. 1912 — Hacienda Garzon, southern foot of Mt. Pichincha, Ecuador. parts chiefly brownish gray with the flanks and tail coverts bright cinnamon brown, and closely resembles the MeYida form cinereiventris. Three Bogota skins and one female from the Paramo de Tama represent this color phase. Others have the under surface (below the white throat) bright rusty cinnamon like birds from the Central Andes (rufipectus CHAPMAN), from which they merely differ by decidedly deeper upper parts. From Lafresnaye's description ("subtus pallide rufescens") it appears that the species was originally based upon an example of the rusty bellied variety. Chapman (I.e., p. 406) records a similar specimen from El Pifion, near Bogota. S. g. gularis is evidently an intermediate form, connecting the western rufipectus and the Venezuelan cinereiventris; both of which are perfectly constant in their respective ranges. a Synallaxis gularis cinereiventris CHAPMAN: Similar to gray bellied examples of S. g. gularis, but under parts broccoli brown (less grayish), with the cinnamon brown wash on flanks and crissum generally less pronounced; dorsal surface richer rufous; bill slightly longer. Wing 56-61; tail 55-60; bill 13-14. Nine specimens from the Andes of Merida examined. b Synallaxis gularis rufipectus CHAPMAN : Similar to S. g . gularis, but decidedly richer cinnamon russet above; under parts, except throat, bright rusty cinnamon, flanks and crissum but slightly deeper in tone. Size the same. Material examined. — Colombia, Central Andes, Prov. Caldas: Sancudo 4, La Leonera 8, all in Carnegie Museum. 0 Synallaxis gularis pichinchae STONE: Exceedingly close to S. g. rufipectus, but under parts paler tawny olive, and dorsal surface darker, less tawny. Wing 54-60; tail 50-55; bill 13. 1 am not very confident as to the distinctness of this form. Five specimens (Pichincha 3, Illiniza i, Nanegal i) are paler, less rusty below and slightly duller no FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis gularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 192, 1859 — part, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 89, 1860 — Nanegal; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 16 — part, Ecuador; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1890 — part, spec, j-m, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — western side of Coraz6n; MENE- GAUX, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. Mes. Arc MeYid. Equat., 9, p. B 40, 1911 — Lloa, Mindo, and Nono; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — Nono and Pichincha. Synallaxis rufiventris (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 20, 1899 — Chaupi (Paramos of Illin- iza), Frutillas, Nanegal (spec, examined). Range : Temperate Zone of Ecuador. Synallaxis gularis rufiventris Berlepsch and Stolzmann*. PERUVIAN WHITE-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis gularis rufiventris BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, P- 372 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum examined). Range: Andes of Central Peru (Maraynioc, Dept. Junin). Genus POECILURUS Toddb. Poecilurus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 129, 1917 — type by orig. desig. Synallaxis candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY. Poecilurus candei candei (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). CANDE'S SPINE-TAIL. Synnalaxis (sic) candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Rev. Zool., I, p. 165, 1838 Carthagena, Colombia (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge ex- amined). Synallaxis candaei SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — part, Carthagena; idem, I.e., 1871, p. 85 — part, Sabanilla and Carthagena; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 15, pi. 3, fig. 2 — part, Carthagena, Sabanilla; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., J5t P- 54» J^QO — part, spec, b, Carthagena; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 313 — Base of La Popa, Carthagena. Synallaxis candei CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Carthagena. above than two rufipectus, with which they were directly compared, though the difference is not very pronounced. F. M. Chapman (in litt.) considers them insep- arable. a Synallaxis gularis rufiventris BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: The type (and only known specimen) differs from five pichinchae by much darker, more cinnamomeous sides of neck and under parts, the foreneck particularly so; somewhat deeper rufous upper parts and tail; more restricted white throat patch. Wing (adult male) 60.5; tail 55.5 ; bill 13. More material is needed to show whether this form is really distinct from the birds inhabiting Ecuador and western Colombia. b Genus Poecilurus TODD: Nearest to Synallaxis, but tail composed of soft, closely webbed feathers, with broad, blunt tips. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. in Synallaxis candaei candaei CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 405, 1917 — La Playa, Calamar, Remolino. Poecilurus candei candei TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 285, 1922 — Fundaci6n, Colombia. Range: Littoral of northern Colombia, west of the Santa Marta Mountains, and Magdalena Delta south to Calamara. *Poecilurus candei venezuelensis (Cory}b. VENEZUELAN WHITE- CHINNED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis candei venezuelensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 292, 1913 — Rio Aurare, about fifteen miles east of Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. Synallaxis candaei (not 5. candei LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 194, 1859 — part, Rio Hacha; idem, I.e., 1871, p. 85 — part, Rio Hacha; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 15 — part, Rio Hacha; SALVIN and GOD- MAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Valencia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 54, 1890 — part, spec, a, Valencia. Poecilurus candei venezuelensis TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 286, 1922 — Rio Hacha (La Goajira), Fonseca (Rio Rancheria), Valencia (Rio Cesar) (crit.). Range : Arid littoral of northern Colombia, east of the Santa Marta Mountains (Rio Hacha, La Goajira; valleys of the Rio Rancheria and Rio Cesar), and northwestern Venezuela (Rio Aurare and Altagracia, Zulia; Tocuyo, Lara). 2: Venezuela (Rio Aurare i, Altagracia i). Poecilurus candei atrigularis Todde. MAGDALENA SPINE-TAIL. Poecilurus atrigularis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 129, 1917 — Gamarra, Magdalena, Colombia (type examined). a Material examined. — Carthagena 3, Sabanilla i, Turbaco 4, Calamar 2. b Poecilurus candei venezuelensis (CORY) : Similar to P. c. candei, but rufous areas lighter in tone; upper back without trace of brownish edges; crown more grayish; white supraloral streak much more conspicuous; basal portion of rectrices lighter cinnamon rufous, tail in consequence more distinctly bicolor. Wing 61-63; tail 72- 75; bill 13-14- 0 Poecilurus candei atrigularis TODD: Nearly related to P. c. candei, but imme- diately distinguished by lacking the cinnamon rufous on postocular region and sides of neck, the former being dull buffy grayish brown like the crown, the latter Dresden brown; by Dresden brown (instead of cinnamon rufous) back; darker chestnut tail, with dusky terminal portion less marked; duller sooty auriculars; deeper (amber brown) breast, passing into tawny olive on flanks; finally by having the chin and malar region but slightly spotted with grayish white. Wing 61-65; tail 73-77; bill 13-14. Though well-marked, this is clearly but a southern race of P. c. candei, some of the examples being slightly intermediate in one or the other character. Material examined. — Gamarra 2, Aguachica 3. ii2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Northern Colombia, in State of Magdalena (Gamarra and Aguachica, near Puerto Nacional, on the Magdalena River). Poecilurus kollari (Pelzeln)*. KOLLAR'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis kollari PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20 (i), p. 158, pi. i, fig. 3, 1856 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); idem, I.e., 34, p. 119, 1859 — Sao Joa- quim; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 36, 1868 — Sao Joaquim; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- J5t Pi- 3> fig- * — R*° Branco; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 53, 1890 — Rio Branco. Range: Northern Brazil, on the upper Rio Branco (Forte do Sao Joaquim). Genus CERTHIAXIS Lessonb. Certhiaxis LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n (2), No. 8, p. 182, July 1844 — type by orig. desig. Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN. Leptoxyura REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 170, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (Gray, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis ruficauda VIEILLOT. *Certhiaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea (Gmeliri). YELLOW-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 480, 1788 — based on "Cinna- mon Creeper" LATHAM, Gen. Syn. Birds, i (2), p. 740, 1782; locality un- known, Cayenne substituted as type locality by Berlepsch and Hartert 1902; VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 283, pi. 173, circa 1825 — Cayenne. Synallaxis cinnamomea BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers, Th. Bras., 3, p. 42, 1856 — "Para" and Guyana; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 13 — part, Trinidad, Guiana, Cayenne; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — British Guiana (ex SCHOM- BURGK); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 51, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, Trini- dad, Rio Tocantins, Isl. of Mexiana; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 47, 1894 — mouth of the Cipero River, Trinidad; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 — Altagracia and Ciudad Bolivar, R. Orinoco (spec, examined); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Maraj6 and Mexiana; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28, 1906 — Caroni Swamp and Seelet, Trinidad; a Poecilurus kollari (PELZELN) : Similar in form to P. c. candei, but tail entirely clear cinnamon rufous, without trace of the black terminal zone; lores and cheeks pale gray instead of black; auriculars but slightly paler cinnamon rufous than the back, instead of black; throat black, tipped with silvery white; middle of abdomen less extensively buffy white. Wing (three adults) 58-60; tail 73-75; bill 14. Material examined. — Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco 4. b As first pointed out by Bertoni (Anal. Cient. Parag., (2) No. 3, p. 240, 1918) and later insisted upon by Todd (Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 291, 1922), Certhia cinnamomea and allies have twelve rectrices, which at once rules them out of Syn- allaxis where they had been placed by authors. The group appears most nearly related to Cranioleuca, but may be distinguished by its much more rounded wing and short tail (about equal to length of wing). 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 113 HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 144, 1908 — Cayenne; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, p. 93, 1909 — La Brea, Orinoco Delta; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6s, p. 203, 1913 — Boca Uracoa, Manimo River, Venezuela; SNETH- LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Quati-Puni, Rio Tocantins (I. Pae Lourenco, I. Pirunum, Arumatheua), Maraj6, Mexiana, Arumanduba, Erere", Rio Jamunda (Faro); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 259, 1916 — Ciudad Bolivar, San Feliz River, Altagracia, Orinoco; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 98, 1921 — Upper Takutu Mts., Bartica, Bonasica, Abary River, Anarica River, Annai, Brit. Guiana. Synallaxis ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689, 1848 — Canuku Mts.; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw, Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859 — part, Forte do Rio Branco; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — part, Forte do Rio Branco; LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 155, 1866 — Trinidad. Leptoxyura cinnamomea SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Mexiana and Rio Tocantins. Synallaxis cinnamomea cinnamomea HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 120, 132, 1912 — Mexiana; Cachoueira, Maraj6; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam. "Le Cinnamon" AUDEBERT and VIEILLOT, Ois. Bore's, 2, p. 96, pi. 62, "1802" (figure of type in British Museum). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; Venezuela (Orinoco Valley); Trinidad; northern Brazil, south to the north bank and the islands in the delta of the Amazon (Mexiana, Maraj6)a. 4: British Guiana (Georgetown 2, unspecified 2). *Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons (Madardsz)b. DUSKY-FRONTED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis fuscifrons MADARASZ, Ornith. Monatsber., 21, p. 22, 1913 — Aracataca, Santa Marta district, Colombia (type examined). Leptoxyura cinnamomea (not of GMELIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 252 — Plain of Valencia, Venezuela; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Paturia, Magdalena. Synallaxis cinnamomea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 13 — part, Bogota and Venezuela [ = Plain of Valencia]; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 — Cienaga, Colombia. a Birds from the Tocantins and near Para (Quati-puru) referred here by Sneth- lage may belong to C. c. russeola. No material is available. b Certhiaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons (MADARASZ) : Differs by brighter rufous upper parts and dusky olive gray forehead. Wing 58-62. Besides the specimens listed above, the type and four more "Bogota" skins have been examined. ii4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synattaxis cinnamomea fuscifrons CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 405, 1917 — Bagado, Rio Atrato; La Playa, Calamar. Leptoxyura cinnamomea fuscifrons TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 291, 1922 — Fundaci6n, Trojas de Cataca. Range: Northern Colombia (Atrato River; Magadelena Valley, up toLakePaturia; " Bogota"-collections) and northwestern Venezuela (in states of Zulia and Aragua). ii : Colombia (Bogota i); Venezuela (Zulia, Encontrados 4, Cata- tumbo River 3, Rio Aurare i ; Aragua, Maracay i, Lake Valencia i). "Certhiaxis cinnamomea russeola ( Vieillof). SOUTHERN YELLOW- THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Sylvia russeola VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., xx, p. 217, 1817 — based on Azara No. 233, Paraguay. Synallaxis ruficauda VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 310, 1819 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by Dela- lande, Jr., at Rio de Janeiro); SPIX, Av. Spec. Nov., i, p. 84, pi. 85, fig. 2, 1824 — part, "female," Rio de Janeiro (spec, examined); LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av. i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me'rid., Ois., p. 240, 1839 — Corrientes; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859 — part, Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., *t P- 37» 1868 — part, same localities; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 381 — Lagoa Santa (Minas Geraes) and Buenos Aires. SpTienura mentalis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Bahia. Synallaxis caudacutus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 692, 1831 — Cabo Frio (near Rio de Janeiro), Coral de Battuba and Muribecca, Rio Itabapuana (Espirito Santo) (nesting habits). Synattaxis cinnamomea cearensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 340, 1916 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard. Synallaxis martinsi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 268, 1925 — Monduby, Ceara (=juv.). Synallaxis mentalis BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 41, 1856 — Novo Friburgo (Rio) and Lagoa Santa (Minas); EULER, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 400, 1867 (nest descr.). Synattaxis cinnamomea (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 13 — part, Ceard and Bahia; FORBES, Ibis, 1881, p. 346 — Pernambuco; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 15, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay (crit.); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 244, 1889 (note on Wied's type); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 50, 1890 — part, spec, e-r, Pernambuco, Bahia, Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul), Corumba (Matto Grosso), Bolivia; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bhd, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 131 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112, 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 115 1893 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Paul., 3, p. 222, 1899 — Piquete and Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, P- 157, JQ00 — Cantagallo and Novo Friburgo; EULER, I.e., p. 60, 243, 1900 (nest); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Akv Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Pao d'Alho, near Recife (Pernambuco) ; Joazeiro and Santa Rita, Rio Preto (Bahia), Parnagua (Piauhy), S. Quiteria, Rio Parnahyba (Maranhao); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay. Synallaxis cinnamomea russeola MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 72, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro and Corrientjes (crit.); HELL- MAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1906 — part, "fe- male" of Spix (crit.); IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — Ypiranga, Itatiba, and Bauni, Sao Paulo; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 211, 1909 — San Vicente and Pindo, Chaco Argentine; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 526 — Sapucay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Corrientes; SERI£ and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 47, 1920 — Santa Elena, Entrerios. Certhiaxis ? ruseola (sic) BERTONI, Anal. Cient. Parag., (2) No. 3, p. 240, 1918 —Sao Paulo (crit.). Synallaxis cinnamomea subsp. russeola LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — San Vicente, Prov. Santa F£; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 295, 1910 — Pindo and San Vicente, Chaco. Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and Ceara to Rio Grande do Sul and Matto Grosso; Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (in provinces of Santa Fe", Corrientes, and Entrerios) a. 8: Argentina (Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe 2); Brazil (Rio de Jan- eiro i; Bahia i; Ceara, Quixada i, Jua, near Iguatu i; Maranhao, Tury-assti i ; Piauhy, Ibiapaba i). Certhiaxis mustelioa (Sclater)b. FOXY SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis mustelina SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 14 — Rio Madeira and Pebas, Peru (the type examined in the Vienna Museum is from the Rio Madeira, below the mouth of the Marmellos) ; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 127, 1884 — Ucayali, Pebas, Peru ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 51, 1890 — Sarayacu and Pebas, Peru; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — San- 8 While birds from southern Brazil (Rio, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, and Argentina are fairly distinguishable by duller upper parts and paler (grayish buff) flanks, those from Bahia and northwards are more or less intermediate, some being hardly different from typical cinnamomea. The dusky terminal area of the middle rectrices is a variable feature, being present in many, though by no means in all of the specimens, while it evidently never occurs in the northern races. b Certhiaxis mustelina (SCLATER) agrees with C. cinnamomea in general form, but differs by longer bill, bright foxy-red upper parts (strongly contrasted with the Isabella color of the rump), conspicuous black loral streak, and pure white lower surface, without t^ace of a yellow gular patch. Wing 57-61; tail 56-61; bill 15-17. Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Madeira 3, Teff6 i, Santarem i, unspeci- fied i. Peru: Sarayacu i, Ucayali 2, Pebas 3. n6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. tarem; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 73, 1906 — Pebas and Sarayacu, Peru (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 — Monte Verde, Rio Punis, and Monte Alegre; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 52, 1907 — Teffe, Rio Solimoes (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 318, 1910 — Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 323, 1914 — Monte Alegre and Rio Punis. SynaUaxis ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) SPIX, Av. Spec. Nov., i, p. 84, 1824 — part, descr. of "male" (spec, in Munich Museum examined). SynaUaxis cinnamomea (not Certhia cinnamomea GMELIN) PELZELN, Sitzungs- ber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 121, 1859 — Rio Madeira, below the Rio Marmellos (soft parts) ; idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 37, 1868 — same locality. Leptoxyura cinnamomea SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Upper Ucayali; idem, l.c., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Upper Ucayali, Pebas, Peru. SynaUaxis cinnamomea russeola (not of VIEILLOT) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1976 — part, No. i ("male" of Spix). SynaUaxis frenata SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 523, 1906 — Monte Alegre. SynaUaxis mustelina frenata IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 233, 1907 — Santarem. Range: Banks of the Amazon and its affluents in northern Brazil (Monte Alegre; Santarem; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Madeira) and east- ern Peru (Pebas, Rio Marafion; Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali). Genus CRANIOLEUCA Reichenbach". Cranioleuca REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 167, 1853 — type by monotypy SynaUaxis albiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY. Acrorchilus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type by orig. desig. SynaUaxis erythrops SCLATER. Cranioleuca albiceps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). CINNAMON-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. SynaUaxis albiceps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 23, 1837 — Sicasica, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am£r. mend., Ois. p. 241, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1839 — Capinata, Prov. Sicasica, Bolivia; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 21 — Bolivia; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, P- 621 — Sicasica; Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz. Siptornis albiceps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 64, 1890 — Tilotilo, Bolivia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Autun, 19, p. 79, 1906 — Sica- sica; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 259, 1921 — Sicasica, Bolivia. a Cranioleuca and Acrorchilus are absolutely identical in structural characters, allowing the usual amount of variation in thickness of bill. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 117 Range: Andes of Bolivia (Tilotilo, Yungas of La Paz; Capinata, Prov. Sicasica; Incachaca, Dept. Cochabamba)a. Cranioleuca albicapilla albicapilla (Cabanis)*. BUFF-CAPPED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis albicapilla CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 22 — Maraynioc; TACZANOWSKI. I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 136, 1884 — part, Maraynioc. Siptornis albicapilla BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — • Pariayacu, Junin. Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru (Maraynioc, Pariayacu, Dept. Junin). Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula Zimmer0. ZIMMER'S BUFF-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 56, April 1924 — Matchu Picchu (Cedrobamba), Urubamba Valley, Peru (type examined). Synallaxis albicapilla (not of CABANIS) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678, 679 — Ccachupata, near Cuzco; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 136, 1884 — part, Ccachupata. Siptornis albicapilla SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 64, 1890 — Paucartambo, Ccachupata, near Cuzco; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 83, 1921 — Cedrobamba. Range: Temperate Zone of southeastern Peru (Matchu Picchu, Ccachupata, Paucartambo, Dept. Cuzco). *Cranioleuca baroni baroni (Salvin)d. BARON'S SPINE-TAIL. (PI. 4). Siptornis baroni SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Huamachuco and Caja- bamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined). a Seven specimens from the Bolivian Andes examined. b Cranioleuca albicapilla, although allied to C. albiceps, is quite distinct by reason of its larger size, especially much longer tail, and totally different coloration. Four specimens from Junin examined. 0 Cranioleuca albicapilla albigula ZIMMER: Nearly allied to C. a. albicapilla, but crown deeper, light pinkish cinnamon rather than buff; back brownish olive instead of olivaceous gray; rump much more fulvous (about Buckthorn brown); light throat area snowy white and more extensive, involving also the foreneck; re- mainder of under parts decidedly buffy brown instead of grayish buff. Wing (adult male) 77; tail 87; bill 15. d Cranioleuca baroni baroni (SALVIN) : Allied to C. albicapilla, but with much longer wings, much longer, above blackish brown bill, and with crown feathers less elongated and more rounded at the tip. Besides, it differs widely in coloration having the crown and nape dark hazel ; the back mouse gray ; the primary-coverts and remiges broadly edged with dark hazel; the superciliaries, cheeks and malar region pure n8 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Temperate Zone of the upper Maranon Valley, in depts. of Cajamarca (Cajabamba, Huamachuco) and Huanuco (Cullcui). i: Peru (Cullcui, Dept. Hudnuco). *Cranioleuca baroni capitalis Zimmer*. TAWNY-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Cranioleuca baroni capitalis ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 54, April 1924 — La Quinua, Huanuco, Peru. Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru (Dept. Huanuco). 7: Peru, Dept. Huanuco (La Quinua 4, Huanuco Mts. i, Panao Mts. 2). Cranioleuca antisiensis antisiensis (Sclater). ERASER'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis antisiensis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 457, 1858 — Cuenca, east side of watershed, Ecuador; idem, l.c.f 1874, p. 18 — Cuenca (type in British Museum examined). Siptornis antisiensis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — part, spec, a, Cuenca. Siptornis antisiensis antisiensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 14, 1923 — above Zaruma, Alamor, Celica, Ecuador (spec, examined). Range: Andes of southern Ecuador, in provinces of El Oro (above Zaruma), Azuay (Cuenca), and Loja (Celica, Alamor) b. *Cranioleuca antisiensis palamblae (Chapman)'. PALAMBLA SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis antisiensis palamblae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 13, Aug. J923 — Palambla, west slope of western Andes, Dept. Piura, Peru (type examined). Synallaxis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 230 — Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo; idem, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 133, 1884 — Tambillo, Paucal, Peru. white instead of buff; the auriculars blackish, with but narrow whitish streaks, etc. Wing (two males) 82, 84; tail 87, 89; bill 18. Material examined. — Peru: Huamachuco (the type) i, Cullcui i. • Cranioleuca baroni capitalis ZIMMER: Differs from C. b. baroni by much paler (tawny instead of dark hazel) crown; somewhat paler rufous wings; by having dis- tinct white central spots to the feathers on sides of neck and breast, and the abdo- men decidedly darker gray. The central rectrices frequently have a more or less distinct dusky terminal spot. Size about the same (wing 79-82). b Material examined. — Ecuador: Cuenca (the type) i ; El Oro, above Zaruma 4; Prov. Loja, Celica 3, Alamor 7, all, except the type, in collection of American Mus- eum of Natural History, New York. 0 Cranioleuca antisiensis palamblae (CHAPMAN) : Differs from C. a. antisiensis by paler, grayish olive rather than olivaceous brown back; broader, almost pure white (instead of buff) superciliaries; perceptibly paler, more grayish buff underparts, 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 119 Siptornis cisandina ?, BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Huancabamba, Dept. Piura (spec, examined). Cranioleuca antisiensis cisandina (not of TACZANOWSKI) CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 156, 1919 (characters taken from Utcubamba specimen in Field Museum). Range: Northern Peru, in depts. of Piura (Palambla, Huanca- bamba), Cajamarca (Tambillo, Cutervo, Paucal), Amazonas (Rio Utcubamba, near Chachapoyas), and San Martin (valley of Huayabamba) . i : Peru (Rio Utcubamba i). Cranioleuca cisandina (Taczanowski}*. Cis ANDEAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis cisandina TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 25 — Chirimoto and Huambo, valley of Huayabamba, Peru; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 133, 1884 — same localities). Synallaxis subandina TACZANOWSKI, I.e., Tables, p. 48, 1886. Range: Northern Peru (valley of Huayabamba, Dept. San Martin). ^ with the flanks and tail-coverts less fulvescent; by lacking the rufous streaks on the auriculars. Wing 60-66; tail 60-72; bill 13.5-14. An adult male from Huancabamba (east slope of western Cordillera) agrees in size and coloration with five Palambla specimens, but approaches C. a. antisiensis in more brownish upper parts, while the slightly darker rufous of the head is re- stricted to forehead and crown (wing 68.5; tail 72; bill 15). An (apparently some- what immature) female from Rio Utcubamba, s.w. of Chachapoyas (west slope of central Cordillera) resembles the Palambla series above and below, escept for slightly deeper rufous pileum, wings, and tail, and rather larger size (wing 71.5; tail 81 ; bill 14.5). A similar, but smaller (wing 67; tail 76; bill 14) example (c? ad.) is in the British Museum. It was obtained by O. T. Baron on September 22, 1894, a* Huaya- bamba (east side of central Cordillera). While more material from the central Cor- dillera is urgently desired, there can be no question that these birds are quite dis- tinct from S. curtata which has no trace of a buff y or white superciliary streak. Nor do they correspond to Taczanowski's description of S. cisandina although the type, like Baron's specimen, came from the valley of Huayabamba. Material examined. — Piura: Palambla 5, Huancabamba 3; Amazonas, Rio Utcu- bamba i; San Martin, Huayabamba i. * Cranioleuca cisandina (TACZANOWSKI) : Described as being intermediate be- tween C. antisiensis (viz. palamblae, from Tambillo, east side of western Cordillera) and C. curtata (from San Bartolome, probably = C. c. debilis), but nearer the latter. Said to differ from C. a. palamblae by smaller size, less grayish back, darker under parts, less conspicuous superciliary streak, and deeper rufous crown, wings, and tail ; from C. curtata by the last named character, less ruf escent back, and by lacking the grayish forehead. Taczanowski's somewhat ambiguous description ("sourcil gris blanchatre ou cendre' pale assez large derriere 1'oeil et a peine distinct sur le devant") does not fit either Baron's Huayabamba bird, mentioned above, with long pure white eyebrows, or the members of the curtata group, in which the super- ciliary region is grayish or brownish olive. The measurements (wing 70 (male), 65 (female) ; tail 71, 70) agree fairly well with those of C. curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN. For the present, I am unable to make out whether C. cisandina belongs with the C. antisiensis or C. curtata group. 120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Cranioleuca furcata (Taczanowski}*. FORK-TAILED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis furcata TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 25 — Chirimoto, valley of Huayabamba, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 134, 1884 — Chirimoto. Range: Northern Peru (valley of Huayabamba, Dept. San Martin). Cranioleuca hellmayri (Bangs)*. HELLMAYR'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis hellmayri BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 20, p. 55, 1907 — Paramo de Macotama, Sierra of Santa Marta. Synallaxis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Santa Marta region (spec, examined). Siptornis antisiensis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — part, spec, b, "Santa Marta"; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Santa Cruz, Paramo de Macotama, and Paramo de Chiriqua; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 — Valparaiso. Acrorchilus hellmayri TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 288, 1922 — San Lorenzo, Cincinnati, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Cerro de Caracas. Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia. *Cranioleuca subcristata (Sclater)0. CRESTED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis subcristata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 20, pi. 4, fig. i — Caracas (type examined). Synallaxis inornata (not of PELZELN 1856) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Caracas. B Cranioleuca furcata (TACZANOWSKI) : Similar to C. antisiensis palamblae, but under parts, sides of head, and superciliaries bright ochraceous; under wing-coverts much deeper ochraceous; back olivaceous instead of grayish. Wing (adult female) 69; tail 65. (Translated from the French original.) This species is unknown to me. b Cranioleuca hellmayri (BANGS): Similar to C. a. antisiensis in possessing dis- tinct, though more purely white superciliaries; but pileum streaked with black; auriculars buff, edged with dusky; under parts paler and more grayish; tertials tinged with olivaceous. Wing (male) 66-69; (female) 63-65; tail 67-75; bill 13-14. — Probably a race of C. antisiensis. Material examined. — San Lorenzo 3, Cerro de Caracas, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta i, Cincinnati 3, unspecified i. 0 Cranioleuca subcristata (SCLATER): Very nearly related to C. hellmayri, but without any rufous on the head, the pileum and crest being grayish brown (more buffy on forehead), streaked with dusky; buffy superciliary streak barely suggested; auriculars paler, without dusky streaks; back more grayish olive; wings and tail lighter cinnamon rufous; bill slenderer and paler horn brown. Wing (male) 64-67, (female) 59-63; tail 63-75; bill 12.5-14. There is much individual variation in the amount of dusky streaking on crown, buffy suffusion on forehead, and coloring of back. An adult from the hinterland of Cumand (Los Palmales) differs from the other specimens by almost unstreaked gray- ish brown pileum, while two "Bogotd" skins are somewhat darker brownish under- neath. Material examined. — Venezuela, Bermudez: Los Palmales i, Quebrada Secca i- Dept. Federal Occidental: Caracas 7, Silla de Caracas 4, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 5. Lara: Lagunita de Aroa i. Colombia: "Bogotd" 2. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 121 Siptornis subcristata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 62, pi. 4, 1890 — Caracas; PHELPS and CHAPMAN, Auk, 14, p. 365, 369, 1897 — Caripe", Bermudez; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 — Caracas. Range: North coast mountains of Venezuela, in states of Ber- mudez (Caripe, Los Palmales, Quebrada Secca), Dept. Federal Occi- dental (Caracas; Silla de Caracas; Galipan, Cerro del Avila), and Lara (Lagunita de Aroa), and Eastern Andes of Colombia (native "Bogota"- col lections). 4: Venezuela (Caracas 4). Cranioleuca curtate* curtate (Sclater). BOGOTA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis curtata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 636, pi. 49, fig. i — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 19 — part, descr. and hab. Bogota. Siptornis curtata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — Bogota. Siptornis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 — part, Fusugasugd and El Roble, eastern Andes (spec, examined). Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia (Bogota. Fusugasugd, El Roble) b. Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus Chapman0. GRAY-BREASTED SPINE- TAIL. Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Nov., 123, p. 8, 1924 — below Oyacachi, Ecuador (type examined). Synallaxis curtata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 95 — Mapoto and Machay, Ecuador (spec, examined). Siptornis antisiensis (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 406, 1917 — part, La Candela (spec, examined). a Cranioleuca curtata, while not unlike C. antisiensis, is readily distinguished by lacking the white superciliaries and the conspicuous buffy white loral spot; by rufes- cent olive brown (instead of bright cinnamon rufous) tertials and outer web of secon- daries; brighter and more rufescent olive brown upper parts, with rufous of crown more restricted; darker, more olivaceous auriculars; buffy brown under parts; much less extensive, dingy grayish white throat area; blackish brown maxilla. b Material examined. — Bogota 3, Fusugasugd i, El Roble i. 0 Cranioleuca curtata griseipectus CHAPMAN: Similar to C. c. curtata, but crown, tail, and wings externally darker, chestnut rather than Sanford's brown; back darker brown; under parts on average darker grayish. Wing 69-71; tail 71-76; bill I3-5-I4- The grayish brown suffusion on the forehead is as variable a character as in C. c. curtata. Some specimens have a distinct frontal band, contrasting with the chestnut crown, while in others there is just a faint suggestion of gray at the extreme base of some of the feathers. Material examined. — Colombia: La Candela, Huila i. Ecuador: Machay i, below Oyacachi 2, Zamora i. 122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Subtropical Zone of eastern Ecuador (below Oyacachi, Rio Sardinas, San Jose" de Sumarco, Zamora, Mapoto, Machay), extending northwards to the head of the Magdalena, Colombia (La Candela). Cranioleuca curtata debilis (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)*. SLENDER- BILLED SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis curtata debilis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 115, 1906 — Escopal, Marcapata, Peru (type in Branicki Museum, Warsaw examined). (?) Synallaxis curtata (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527 — San Bartolome", Dept. Junin; SCLATER, I.e., p. 19 — part, spec, from "near Tarma" [ = S. Bartolome']; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 135, 1884 — San Bartolome'. Range: Southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco), probably extending north to Junin (San Bartolome') b, and adjoining parts of Bolivia. Cranioleuca erythrops erythrops (Sclater)0. RED-FACED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis erythrops SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 66, 1860 — Pallatanga, Ecua- dor; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 19 — part, Pallatanga, "Loxa," Ecuador; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 560 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e., 1884, 298 — Cayandeled and Pedregal; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — Intac, Gualea, and San Nicolas. Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, Pallatanga, Nanegal, "vicinity of Quito"; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 21, 1899 — Gualea; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Mindo and Gualea. Range: Western Ecuador (Pallatanga, Cayandeled, Pedregal, In- tac, Mindo, Nanegal, San Nicolas). Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (Ridgway)*. GRAY-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Acrorchilus erythrops griseigularis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72, 1909 — San Antonio, Rio Cali, Colombia. • Cranioleuca curtata debilis (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) : Differs from the Machay example of C. c. griseipectus with which it was directly compared by much smaller, slenderer bill; lighter and more rufescent back; much clearer rufous crown, wings and tail. Wing (adult male) 66; tail 68.5; bill 12.5. b The bird from San Bartolome" is more likely to be referable to C. c. debilis than to C. c. griseipectus. 0 C. e. erythrops, of which eight specimens from various localities have been exam- ined, is nearly allied to, and possibly conspecific with C. curtata. d Cranioleuca erythrops griseigularis (RIDGWAY): Similar to C. e. erythrops, but foreneck and breast mouse gray instead of buffy brown, and median rectrices brighter cinnamon rufous. Wing 68-69; tail 62-65; bill 12.5-13. Material examined. — Colombia: Pueblo Rico i, Siat6 i, Loma Hermosa i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 123 Synallaxis erythrops (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 521 — Frontino. Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, f, Frontino. Siptornis erythrops griseigularis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1149 — Loma Hermosa, Rio Jamaraya, Siat6 and Pueblo Rico (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407, 1917 — San Antonio, Gallera and Ricaurte. Range: Western Andes of Colombia. *Cranioleuca erythrops rufigenis (Lawrence}. LAWRENCE'S SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis rufigenis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 105, 1868 — Costa Rica (=juv.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 19 — Costa Rica. Synallaxis erythrops (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 105, 1868 — Barranca, Dota Mts., and Birris, Costa Rica; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 191 — Volcan de Chiriqui (crit.); BOUCARD, I.e., 1878, p. 59 — Volcan de Irazu and Navarro, Costa Rica. Siptornis erythrops SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — part, spec, g-m, Volcan of Chiriqui, Irazu, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 151, pi. 45, fig. i, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Chiriqui; FERRY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica. Siptornis rufigenis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 60, 1890 — Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 152, pi. 45, fig. 2, 1891 — Costa Rica (=juv.); BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 43, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui (crit.). Acrorchilus erythrops rufigenis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 636, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 184, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.). Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui). 4: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, Juan Vifias i, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui i). Cranioleuca pallida (Wiedy. WIED'S RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis pallidus WIED, Butr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 690, 1831 — "Campos Geraes," southern Minas Geraes. Brazil. Synallaxis pallida BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 41, 1856 — Novo Friburgo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 122, 1859 — Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Ypanema; * I am quite unable to recognize this bird in Azara's No. 240, the basis of Sylvia ruficollis of VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., II, p. 266, 1817). Apart from other discrepancies, Azara's bird is described as having the four central rec- trices blackish brown while in C. pallida the tail is uniform cinnamon rufous. 124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 382 — Novo Friburgo (Rio), Mugy das Cruzes (Sao Paulo); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 18 — Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.f 2, p.244, 1889 (note on type); MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1905 — Caminho de Couto, Itatiaya, Prov. Rio de Janeiro. Siptornis pallida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 59, 1890 — Rio de Janeiro, "Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul"; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 223, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, p. 141, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo. Cranioleuca pallida IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Victoria de Botucatu, Villa Emma, and Campos de Jordao (Sao Paulo), Marianna (Minas Geraes). Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) to Sao Pauloft. Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (Pelzeln)b. RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis vulpina PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 20 (i), p. 162, 1856 — Brazil; idem, I.e., 34, p. 122, 1859 — Rio Claro and Guardamor (Goyaz), Engenho do Gama, Villa Maria [ = San Luis de Caceres], and [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso (Matto Grosso), Rio Madeira0 (spec, exam- ined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — same localities; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 14 — part, Matto Grosso and Rio Madeira; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — part, spec, a, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 506, 1908 — Ilha Goyana, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 529, 1908 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (spec, examined). Siptornis vulpina vulpina MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 75, 1906 — part, spec, c, Brazil (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 61, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz; idem, I.e., 17, p. 319, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira (crit.). Cranioleuca vulpina IHERING, Cat. F. .Braz., i, p. 234, 1907 — Barretos, Rio Grande, Sao Paulo (spec, examined). Siptornis vulpina GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — opposite Rabicho, near Corumba, Matto Grosso; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — Rio Tocan- tins (Arumatheua), Rio Tapaj6z (Goyana). • Six specimens (Espirito Santo 2, Rio i, Sao Paulo 3) examined. Koslowsky's record of Siptornis pallida (Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895) from Chilecito, La Rioja, unquestionably refers to some other species. b Cranioleuca vulpina vulpina (PELZELN) is nearly related to C. pallida, but^ dif- fers by less conspicuous superciliaries; absence of grayish forehead; rufous b'ack, tertials, and outer webs of remiges, etc. Birds from the Tapaj6z (Goyana) are iden- tical with those from Matto Grosso, Sap Paulo, Goyaz and Calama. A single male from the Tocantins (Arumatheua), by its paler, buffy brown rump, slightly points to C. v. reiseri. Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapor£ i, Villa Maria i, Descalvados 3, San Lorenzo River i, Cuyabd i. Sao Paulo: Barretos, Rio Grande 2. Goyaz: Guardamor i, Rio Araguaya i. Rio Madeira, Calama 3; Rio Tapaj6z, Goyana 2; Rio Tocantins, Arumatheua i. 0 We designate Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore', Matto Grosso as type locality. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 125 Range: Interior of Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tocan- tins to the Rio Madeira, south to Goyaz (Rio Araguaya, Rio Claro, Guardamor), Matto Grosso, and northern Sao Paulo (Barretos, Rio Grande). Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri (Reichenberger)*. REISER'S RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis vulpina reiseri REICHENBERGER, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 6, p. 43, June 1922 — Riacho da Raiz, below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (type examined). Synallaxis vulpina (not of PELZELN) REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Island near Sambaiba, Rio Sao Francisco, and opposite Faz. Ingazeira, Rio Preto (Bahia), Parnagud and Riacho da Raiz, near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba (Piauhy) (spec, examined). Cranioleuca vulpina IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 476, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Bahia (nest and eggs descr.) (spec, examined). Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Rio Sao Francisco) and Piauhy (Rio Parnahyba; Parnagud). Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (Pelzeln)b. NORTHERN RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis alopecias PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 101, 122, 1859 — Rio Branco (types examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 37, 1868 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco. Synallaxis vulpina alopecias BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 59, 1902 — Altagracia, Ciudad Bolivar, Caicara, Maipures, R. Orinoco (spec, examined). Siptornis vulpina alopecias MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 76, 1906 — Upper Sarare, Venezuela (crit.); CHERRIE, Mus. • Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri (REICHENBERGER) : Similar to C, v. vulpina, but crown and mantle much lighter, tawny or cinnamon rufous rather than hazel; wings and tail likewise paler; rump more fulvous or buffy; under parts buff, instead of grayish or wood brown; throat hardly paler than the rest; cheeks and malar region bright buff instead of white; under wing-coverts paler ochraceous. Wing 65-71; tail 62-66; bill 12-13.5. Material examined. — Bahia: Near Sambaiba i, Cidade da Barra 2, Rio Preto i. Piauhy: Parnagud 2, Riacho da Raiz, below Uniao i. b Cranioleuca vulpina alopecias (PELZELN) : Nearest to C. v. vulpina, but upper back more or less suffused with brownish (male) or entirely brown (female), con- trasting with hazel crown; rump and lower parts darker, more tinged with ochra- ceous brown. Birds from Venezuela (Orinoco Valley) agree well with the types. Three from the north bank of the lower Amazon, in color of back, closely approach C. v. vulpina. Material examined. — Brazil: Forte do Rio Branco (the types) 2, Monte Alegre 2, Rio Maecuru i. Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Altagracia 9, Ciudad Bolivar 2, Caicara 4; upper Sarare i. i26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 260, 1916 — from Ciudad Bolivar to beyond the falls^ofjMaipures, R. Orinoco (nest and eggs descr.). Acrorchilus alopecias STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 202, 1913 — Manimo River, Orinoco Delta. Siptornis vulpina* (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — part, Monte Alegre and Rio Maecuru (spec, examined). Siptornis hyposticta (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Monte Alegre (spec, examined). Range: Northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuru, Rio Branco), and Venezuela (Orinoco valley from the delta to beyond the falls of Maipures ; upper Sarare) . Cranioleuca vulpina vulpecula (Sclater and Salvin)*. PERUVIAN RUSTY-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis vulpecula SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Rio Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Rio Ucayali. Synallaxis vulpina (not of PELZELN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- *4 — part, "Upper Amazonia" = eastern Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pei., 2, p. 128, 1884 — Ucayali, Iquitos, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 52, 1890 — part, spec, b-m, Iquitos, Lower and Upper Ucayali, Peru. Siptornis vulpina vulpina MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 75, 1906 — part, spec, a, b, d, Pebas, Nauta, Peru. Siptornis vulpina alopecias (not of PELZELN) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, and Monte Verde, Rio Purus (spec, examined) ; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — same localities. Range: Eastern Peru (Rio Ucayali; Pebas, Iquitos, and Nauta, Rio Marafion) and western Brazil (Rio Purds). *Cranioleuca semicinerea (Reichenbach)b. PALE-HEADED SPINE-TAIL. Leptoxyura semicinerea REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sit- tinae, p. 170, pi. DXXI, fig. 3610, Aug. 1853 — Brazil, we suggest Bahia. 8 Cranioleuca vulpina vulpecula (SCLATER and SALVIN) : This insufficiently known form appears to be intermediate between vulpina and alopecias, some specimens being hardly distinguishable from the latter, while others come very near to vulpina. A male from Iquitos has a very long bill, but examples from Nauta and Pebas do not differ in this respect from alopecias. I have not seen any material from the type locality (Ucayali). Four specimens from the Purus are inseparable from those taken at Nauta. Material examined. — Peru: Iquitos i, Pebas 2, Nauta 2. Brazil, Rio Purus: Bom Lugar 2, Monte Verde i, Cachoeira i. b This singular species which cannot be confused with any other had been re- ferred to the genus Synallaxis, but despite Sclater's contrary assertion all of the specimens examined possess twelve rectrices. In structural details it agrees well with C. subcristata and also shows some analogy in coloration. Its proper place is no doubt in Cranioleuca. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 127 Synallaxis caniceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 98, Aug. 1856 — "Brazil" = Bahia. Synallaxis semicinerea SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- I2 — Bahia, Brazil, and "Valle Grande, Bolivia" (errore); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 620 — "Valle Grande, Bolivia," SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 49, 1890 — Bahia and "Bolivia"; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 71, 1906 (record from "Valle Grande, Bolivia" shown to be erroneous); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 232, 1907 — Bahia. Synallaxis semicinerea pallidiceps CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Serra Baturite1, Ceara. Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Cearaa. 2: Brazil, Ceard (Serra Baturite" 2). Cranioleuca obsolete (Reichenbach}b. RED-TAILED SPINE-TAIL. Leptoxyura obsoleta REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 171, pi. DXLIV, fig. 3715. Aug. 1853 — Brazil (type now in Vienna Museum examined). Synallaxis fitis PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 123, March 1859 — Curytiba, Parand (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., I, p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba. Synallaxis ruticilla CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 27, Aug. 1859 — "Buenos Ayres," errore (type examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 21 — "Montevideo" and Curytiba; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 144, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul. Synallaxis obsoleta BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 42, 1856 (ex REICHENBACH). Siptornis ruticilla SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 62, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 352, 1905 — ItararS, Sao Paulo; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones. Cranioleuca ruticilla IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Itarar^ and Campos de Jordao (Sao Paulo), Marianna (Minas). Acrorchilus ruticillus BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. 8 I do not see any difference between four Bahia skins and five from Ceara. Regardless of locality, the tone of the crown and under parts is subject to much individual variation. b Cranioleuca obsoleta (REICHENBACH) : In general form not unlike C. pallida, but with decidedly slenderer bill; crown grayish olive brown like the back, not rufous; forehead streaked with buffy and dusky brown; under parts much paler, with suggestion of a pale yellowish patch on lower throat. Wing 55-60; tail 60-64; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Parana: Curytiba 2. Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara i. "Brazil" (type of L. obsoleta) i. "Montevideo" (type of S. ruticilla) i. 128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. • Siptornis obsolete HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 15, p. 141, 1915 (crit., diag., range); CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 33, 1921 — Affonso Penna and Antonio Olyntho, Parana. Asthenes ruticilla MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 640, 1924 — "Buenos Aires" (errore). Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, according to Ihering also in States of Rio de Janeiro (Campos de Jordao) and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) ; northeastern Argen- tina (Misiones), and adjacent parts of Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni)». *Cranioleuca pyrrhophia pyrrhophia (Vieillot). STRIPED-CROWNED SPINE-TAIL. Dendrocopus pyrrhophius VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 118, 1818 — based on Azara No. 245, "Paraguay," we suggest Corrientes, Argentina. Dendrocolaptes superciliosus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, P- 2°4» J82o — based on Azara No. 245, Paraguay. Synallaxis striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — part, Corrientes (spec, examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. me"rid., Ois., p. 241, 1839 — part, Corrientes; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Rio Quinto; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 469, 1861 — Rio Quinto and Parand; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 266, 1869 — Tablada Vieja, near Buenos Aires (nest descr.); HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544 — Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 2I — Argentina and Uruguay; DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, p. 47, 1881 — between the Rio Colorado and the Rio Negro; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, examined); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 39 — Cosquin, Cordoba; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 8, p. 80, 1884 — Tala, south bank of Rio Negro, Prov. Durazno, Uruguay (eggs descr.); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 182, 1888 — part, Argentina, Uruguay; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l&2 — Santa Elena, Uruguay. PUeocryptes striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 633 — Conchi- tas, Prov. Buenos Aires. Siptornis striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — part, spec, a-h, k, 1, Rio Negro, Conchitas, Mendoza, Cosquin (Cordoba), Salta, Pay- sandu (Uruguay); KERR.Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — FortinDonovan,lowerPilcomayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — Tala, Salta; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p-454 — Tolomosa, near Tarija, Bolivia; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Tapia, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Tapia; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Salta; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 330, 1914 (range in Argentina). aThe localities "Buenos Aires" and "Montevideo," attached to the originals of S. ruticilla are no doubt erroneous, as in the case of several other species described from Sellow's expedition. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 129 Synallaxis heterocerca BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 22, 1890 — Cosquin, Cordoba (type examined). Siptornis striaticeps striaticeps (errore) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 — Corrientes; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 212, 1909 — Arenal and Metan (Salta), Rio Sao Francisco (Jujuy) (spec, examined). Cranioleuca striaticeps DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 296, 1910 — Rio Negro, Cordoba, Tucuman, Salta, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, Buenos Aires, Entrerios. Cranioleuca heterocerca DABBENE, I.e., p. 296, 1910 — Cosquin, Cordoba. Siptornis striaticeps heterocerca HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 212, 1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), Ceres and -Mocovi, (Santa F6), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) (spec, examined). Cranioleuca striaticeps striaticeps REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — Precordillera of Mendoza. Siptornis pyrrhophius pyrrhophius HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Argentina (crit., range); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Asthenes striaticeps heterocerca TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Rio Negro and Paysandii, Uruguay. Siptornis pyrrhophius SERI£ and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios. Asthenes pyrrhophius pyrrhophius MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires. Range : Argentina (from the Rio Negro northward) ; Uruguay and southeastern Bolivia (Dept. Tarija; Guanacos district, s. section of Dept. Santa Cruz)a. i: Argentina (Tucuman i). *Cranioleuca pyrrhophia striaticeps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. BOLIVIAN STRIPED-CROWNED SPINE-TAIL. a Birds from eastern Argentina (Entrerios, Buenos Aires, Santa Fe") and Cordoba, as a rule, have the two median rectrices for the greater part dusky, and the flanks grayish brown or pale grayish, while the edges to the secondaries are light earthy brown like the back. Two specimens, one from Corrientes (D'Orbigny) and another from Mocovi (Santa F6), however, have the tail uniform cinnamon rufous. In examples from northwestern Argentina (Tucuman, Salta, Jujuy) the dusky color of the median rectrices is generally restricted to the apical third of the inner web, though there is considerable variation. Some have, besides, the back tinged with fulvous and the upper tail-coverts partly rufous, thus closely approaching striaticeps. A single female from Guanacos (Prov. Cordillera, Bolivia) is clearly referable to pyrrhophia, and not to striaticeps, Material examined. — Uruguay 4; Argentina: Corrientes i; Entrerios, Concepcion del Uruguay i, La Soledad 2; Buenos Aires 3; Cordoba, Cosquin 5; Santa F6, Ocampo 2, Mocovi 2, Ceres 2, Rio Negro 2 ; Rio Pilcomayo i ; Mendoza i ; Tucumdn, Tucuman 2, Tapia 3, Norco 2; Salta, Tala 6, Metan 2, Arenal i; Jujuy, Rio San Francisco 2. Bolivia: Guanacos i. b Cranioleuca pyrrhophia striaticeps (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) : Similar to C. p. pyrrhophia, but back more brownish and rump decidedly fulvous; tail including 130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — part, "Cochabamba" = Valle Grande (lectotype in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am6r. me>id., Ois., p. 241, pi. 16, fig. i, 1839 — part, Cochabamba and Valle Grande, Bolivia. Siptornis striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — part, spec, i, j, Bolivia (spec, examined). Siptornis striaticeps rufipennis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 78, 1906 — Valle Grande (crit.). Siptornis pyrrhophius striaticeps HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 256, 1921 — Valle Grande, Tilotilo, Samaipata, Trigal, Chuquisaca, Bolivia (crit.). Range: Andes of central Bolivia (in Dept. Cochabamba and western sections of Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca) . i: Bolivia (Parotani, Prov. Cochabamba i). Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis (Sclater and Salvin)*. BUCKLEY'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis rufipennis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 620 — Tilotilo, Bolivia (types examined). Siptornis rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 63, 1890 — Tilotilo. Range: Andes of western Bolivia (Tilotilo, Dept. La Paz.). *Cranioleuca sulphurifera (Burmeister) . SULPHUR-THROATED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis sulphurifera BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 — near Buenos Aires; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1869, p. 632 — Conchitas; HUDSON and SCLATER, I.e., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, P- 24 — Buenos Aires and Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 61 — Belgrano (nest descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion, Entrerios; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 185, 1888 (habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 411 — Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires. Siptornis sulphurifera SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 69, 1890 — Belgrano, Punta Lara, Buenos Aires, Rio Negro; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., upper coverts wholly cinnamon rufous; edges to secondaries rather more rufescent; flanks more buffy brown. In my review of D'Orbigny's types (Nov. Zool., 28, p. 257-8) I have explained the reasons for restricting the term striaticeps to the Bolivian race. Material examined. — Bolivia: Dept. Santa Cruz, Valle Grande i, Trigal i, Samaipata i; Cochabamba, Parotani 2; Chuquisaca, Sucre i. a Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis (SCLATER and SALVIN) : Differs from C. p. striaticeps by deeper pinkish buff, more extensively streaked pileum, more fulvous brown back, as well as deep cinnamon rufous tertials and outer webs of inner sec- ondaries. Wing (two adults, the types) 66, 71; tail 74, 75; bill 15, 16. Recent comparison in the British Museum shows the West Bolivian form to be undoubtedly separable from striaticeps of Central Bolivia. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 131 16, p. 214, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 150 — Los Ynglases, Aj6, Buenos Aires (juv. descr.). Cranioleuca sulphurifera DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 — Rio Negro, Buenos Aires, Entrerios. Asthenes sulphurifera L^AGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires. Range: Eastern Argentina, from the Rio Negro north to Buenos Aires and Entrerios (Concepcion del Uruguay). 2: Argentina (Avellaneda, Prov. Buenos Aires 2). "Cranioleuca gutturata (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). D'ORBIGNY'S SPINE-TAIL. Anabates gutturatus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 14, 1838 — Yuracares, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador. Synallaxis hyposticta PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 102, 123, 1859 — Rio Negro, opposite Boavista (type in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Boavista; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 20, pi. 4, fig. 2 (fig. of type) — Rio Negro, Pebas (Peru), Yuracares (Bolivia); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 620 — Yuracares; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas, Peru; BARTLETT, I.e., p. 373 — Elvira, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 136, 1884 — Yurimaguas, Sara- yacu (Ecuador). Siptornis hyposticta SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 61, 1890 — Pebas, Elvira and Samiria (Peru), Sarayacu (Ecuador), Bogota (Colombia); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60, 1902 — Munduapo and Nericagua (R. Orin- oco), La Pricion (R. Caura), Venezuela (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 435, 1905 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 13, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; idem, I.e., p. 506, 1908 — Villa Braga, R. Tapa- j6z; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 261, 1916 — Munduapo, Nericagua, La Union, La Pricion, Venezuela. Siptornis gutturata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 76, 1906 — Yuracares (Bolivia) and Ecuador (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 364, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 145, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; HELLMAYR, I.e., 17, p. 320, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 — part, Tapaj6z and Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — Rio Tocantins (I. Pirunum), Tapaj6z (Villa Braga), Purus (Cachoeira); HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 73, 1920 — San Gaban, Sierra of Carabaya, Peru. Cranioleuca gutturata IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Rio Jurua. Synallaxis peruviana CORY, Auk, 36, p. 274, 1919 — Moyobamba, Peru (=juv.). Range: Northern Bolivia (Yuracares); eastern Peru (from Dept. Loreto south to Amazonian slope of Sierra de Carabaya); northern Brazil (southerly tributaries of the Amazon, from the Tocantins west 132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. to the Peruvian border ; Rio Negro) ; French Guiana (Rio Approuague) ; southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin) ; eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu) and Colombia (native "Bogota"-collections)a. i: Peru (Moyobamba i). Cranioleuca mulleri (Hellmayr}b. MULLER'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis mulleri HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 21, p. i, 1911 — Fazenda Nazareth, Mexiana Isl., Brazil; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak.Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 112, 120, 1912 — Isl. Mexiana and Monte Alegre (Curaxy), Brazil; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 325, 1914 — Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro); idem, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 526, 1913 — same localities. Range: Northern Brazil, Island of Mexiana, and north bank of lower Amazon (Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamunda). Genus SIPTORNOPSIS Cory. Siptornopsis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 150, 1919 — type by orig. desig. Siptornis hypochondriacus SALVIN. Siptornopsis hypochondriaca (Salmri)A. SALVIN'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis hypochondriacus SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Malea ( = Malca) and Cajabamba, Dept. Cajamarca, Peru (type examined). Range: Northern Peru, in Dept. Cajamarca (Malca, Cajabamba). "Material examined. — Bolivia: Yuracares (the type) i. Peru: Moyobamba i, San Gaban, Sierra of Carabaya i. Ecuador: Sarayacu 3. Colombia: "Bogota" 2. Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Munduapo i, Nericagua i, La Pricion, Caura River 5. French Guiana: Ipousin i. Brazil: Boavista, Rio Negro i; Rio Madeira, Humay- tha i, Calama i. b Cranioleuca mulleri (HELLMAYR) : Nearest to, and agreeing with C. gutturata in strong, elongated bill and coloration of wings and tail; but easily distinguished by lacking the pale yellow chin spot; by much darker grayish or brownish olive (instead of buff) under parts with quite different markings, each feather having a dingy whitish subterminal band and a narrow dark brown apical margin, both becoming evanescent abdominally, while the throat is whitish, edged with dusky brown; less spotted forehead; much darker, more rufescent back, etc. Wing 65-74; tail 63-73; bill 15-16. Material examined. — Isl. Mexiana, Fazenda Nazareth 8, Monte Alegre i. 0 Siptornopsis resembles Cranioleuca in having twelve rectrices, but differs by its much more elongated tail which is about \y£ times as long as wing. d Siptornopsis hypochondriaca (SALVIN) : In general aspect like a gigantic edi- tion of Synallaxis stictothorax, but without black and white streaks on the forehead, and without rufous in the tail; superciliaries unstreaked white; dark gray markings underneath much larger and chiefly confined to sides of breast and neck; flanks not washed with fulvous; rump and upper tail-coverts hardly different from color of back, etc. Wing (one male) 68.5; tail 95; bill 17.5. Material examined. — Peru: Malca (the type) i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 133 Genus ASTHENES Reichenbach". Asthenes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 168, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 27) Synallaxis sordida LESSON. Pseudosiptornis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 150, 1919 — type Siptornis ottonis BERLEPSCH. Siptornoides CORY, I.e., p. 150, 1919 — type Synallaxis flammulata JARDINE. Eusiptornoides CORY, I.e., p. 150, 1919 — type Synallaxis anthoides KING. Asthenes pyrrholeuca pyrrholeuca ( Vieillot)*. FULVOUS-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Sylvia pyrrholeuca VIEILLOT", Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., n, p. 277, 1817 — based on Azara No. 231, Paraguay. Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HOLLAND, Ibis, 1893, p. 487 — Santa Elena, Entrerios (spec, examined). Siptornis sordida GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 129 — Villa Oliva, Paraguay. Asthenes sordida BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Paraguay. Asthenes sordida MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — part, Entrerios. Range: Northeastern Argentina (prov. of Santa Fe and Entrerios), and Paraguay. a This genus comprises a rather heterogeneous assemblage of species, exceedingly variable in shape of bill, proportion of tail, form of rectrices and length of hind claw. In fact, hardly two species are identical in structural details. While certain forms come very close to Cranioleuca, others are remarkable for their broad, bluntly rounded tail feathers, recalling Poecilurus TODD, which, however, has only ten rectrices. In the sections Siptornoides and Eusiptornoides of Cory, on the other hand, the tail feathers are decidedly attenuated or acuminate terminally. Similarly, the bill is subject to much variation, and although there seems to be a wide gap between the stout, short, strongly curved bill of A. patagonica and the slender, almost straight bill of A. pyrrholeuca, yet A. baeri occupies an intermediate position. While the arrangement as here presented is far from satisfactory, I must leave the treatment of the genus to some one who has more time than I have been allowed to devote to this complicated subject. b Asthenes pyrrholeuca pyrrholeuca (VIEILLOT): Nearest to A. p. sordida, from Chile, but upper parts very much deeper and more rufescent brown (about Brussels brown, darkening to raw umber on crown) ; foreneck and chest more strongly shaded with brownish; flanks and under tail-coverts brighter fulvous. Wing (two adult females) 60-64; tail 82-88; bill 12-12.5. The only specimens I have seen of this form are an adult female obtained by Capt. T. J. Page in May 1860 at Santa F<§, Parana (U. S. Nat. Museum No. 20995) and three skins, 9 ad., o71 juv., 9 juv., secured by A. Holland at Santa Elena, En- trerios, in the British Museum. They are much darker above and below than A. p. flavogularis, of Patagonia, and closely approach the Chilean race. 0 Azara's account, the basis of Vieillot's name, unquestionably refers to the pres- ent bird, and not to A. baeri, which is likewise found in the region explored by the Spanish naturalist. Azara not only insists upon the large rufous patch at the base of the remiges and the straight, compressed bill, two of the most striking characters of the sordida group, but also gives a very accurate description of the tail, stating 134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Asthenes pyrrholeuca flavogularis (Gould}*. GOULD'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis flavogularis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 78, pi. 24, 1839 — Bahia Blanca (Prov. Buenos Aires) and Santa Cruz, Patagonia (type ex- amined). Synallaxis brunnea GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 78, 1839 — Port Desire, Patagonia (type in British Museum examined; = pullus). Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HUDSON and SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, P- 543, 548 — Rio Negro, part; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 23 — part, Conchitas, Rio Negro, Port Desire, Santa Cruz, Patagonia; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 35 — Chubut; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Chubut; WITHINGTON, I.e., 1888, p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora, B. Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i,p. 184, 1888 — part; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, i, k, m-q, Buenos Aires, Rio Negro, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 3. P- 31?, 1890 — Rio Chico del Chubut; ARRIBALZAGA, I.e., 8, p. 164, 1902 — Lago General Paz, Chubut. Synallaxis flavigularis DOERING, Inf. ofic. Exped. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 45, 1881 — part, Rio Colorado and Rio Negro, as far up as the mouth of the Rio Neuquen (crit.). Cranioleuca sordida DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 298, 1910 — part, Buenos Aires, Patagonia. Siptornis sordida flavigularis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) and Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut (spec, examined); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Huanu- luan and Maquinchao, Rio Negro (spec, examined). Asthenes sordida flavigularis PEREYRA, El Hornero, 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires. Range : Patagonia, from Buenos Aires south to Santa Cruz. Asthenes pyrrholeuca affinis (Berlepsck)b. TUCUMAN SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis sordida affinis BERLEPSCH, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 98, 1906 — Los Vasquez, Tucuman (type examined); idem, Ornis, 14, p. 364, 1907 — same locality; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 212, 1909 — Tucuman and La that the median rectrices exceed the lateral ones by twenty-one French lines ( = about 45 mm.). This agrees exactly with the proportions of A. pyrrholeuca and allies, while in A. baeri the distance between the longest and shortest rectrices is much less, being not more than 22 to 28 mm. * Asthenes pyrrholeuca flavogularis (GOULD): Similar to A. p. sordida, but upper parts much paler, grayish or hair brown rather than deep earthy brown; under sur- face of body likewise paler, with the abdomen more whitish ; gular spot on average larger and darker. Wing 59-64; tail 78-87; bill 11-12.5. Material examined. — Buenos Aires: Conchitas i, Barracas al Sud i ; Rio Negro i, Maquinchao 4, Huanuluan 14; Chubut 3, Valle del Lago Blanco 5; Port Desire i, Santa Cruz i. b Asthenes pyrrholeuca affinis (BERLEPSCH): Closely similar to A. p. flavogularis, but decidedly darker brown above, though not so deeply colored as A. p. sordida; 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 135 Rioja (Chilecito) (spec, examined); SANZIN, El Hornero, I, p. 150, 1918 — Chacras Coria, Mendoza; GIACOMELLI, I.e., 3, p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 23 — part, Mendoza; GOSSE in Fitzgerald, The Highest Andes, p. 346, 1899 — Puente del Inca, Mendoza. Synallaxis flavigularis (not of GOULD) DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 45, 1881 — part, Tafi (Tucuman) and (?) Cordoba (crit.). Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, h, Mendoza. Siptornis orUgnii (errore) KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja (spec, now in Tring Museum examined). Siptornis affinis DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331, 1914 — Mendoza. Range: Northwestern Argentina, in provinces of Mendoza, La Rioja, and Tucuman. *Asthenes pyrrholeuca sordida (Lesson). CHILEAN FULVOUS-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis sordida LESSON*, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 105, 1839 — Chile; GERMAIN, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., 7, p. 310, 1861 — Santiago (nest descr.); PELZELN, Reise Novara, Zool., i, Vogel, p. 59, 1865— Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile. Synallaxis flavogularis (not of GOULD) FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., 12, p. 157, 1844 —Chile. Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Chile. Siptornis sordida sordida BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Cordillera of Aconcagua; idem, 1. c., 28, p. 34, 1924 — San Bernardo; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro (spec, examined.) Range: Chile, from Prov. Aconcagua south to Llanquihue* (Rio Aysen), and eastern slope of the Andes in the Argentine Province ,of Rio Negro (Lake Nahuel Huapi) b. under parts as in flavogularis, but gular spot more restricted. Wing 60-66; tail 83-97; bill 12-13. This is rather an ill-defined race of which I should like to see a better series. Birds from Mendoza (Tunuyan) are somewhat smaller than those from Tucuman. Material examined. — Tucuman: Los Vasquez 2, Norco i. La Rioja: Chilecito i. Mendoza: Tunuyan 3. 8 Although Lesson's diagnosis is hardly identifiable, I follow general custom in adopting his name for the Chilean Spine-tail with wholly rufous lateral rectrices. b Birds from Lake Nahuel Huapi appear to be identical with the Chilean ones. Material examined. — Chile: Santiago 2, Rio Lolen 4, Lake Gualletue" 2, Rio Nireguao 2, unspecified 4. Argentina: Gob. del Rio Negro, Bariloche 4. 136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 8: Chile (Prov. Cautin, Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley 4, Lake Gualletue" 2; Prov. Llanquihue, Rio Nireguao 2). Asthenes baeri (Berlepsck)*. BAER'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis baeri BHRLEPSCH, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 99, 1906 — Cosquin, Cor- doba (type examined); idem, Ornis, 14, p. 363, 1907 — Cordoba, La Soledad (Entrerios) and Tucuman; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Cosquin (Cordoba), La Soledad (Entrerios), Rio Santiago (La Plata), Tapia (Tucuman), Valle de Lerma (Salta) (spec, examined); LILLO, Apunt. Hist. Nat., i, p. 24, 1909 — Tucuman; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 316, 1923 — Rio Colorado (crit.; spec, examined); GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — Chilecito, La Rioja. Synallaxis flavogularis (not of GOULD) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum examined); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468, 1861 — Mendoza. Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) DOERING, Period. Zool. Arg., i, p. 253, • 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes. Synallaxis sordida (not of LESSON) HUDSON and SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, P- 543t 548 — Rio Negro, part; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 44, 1881— Rio Colorado, Cordoba, Tafi (Tucuman) (crit.); WHITE, P. Z. S Lond. 1 883, p. 39 — Cosquin, Cordoba (spec, examined); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, exam- ined); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paysandu, Uruguay. Siptornis sordida SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 68, 1890 — part, spec, g, j, 1, r, Cosquin, Rio Negro, Uruguay (spec, examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, Tucuman (spec, examined). Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 358 — Salta (spec, examined). Siptornis orbignii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — part, spec, c, f, Cosquin and Salta (spec, examined). Range: Argentina, from the Rio Negro and Mendoza north to Tucuman and Salta in the west, and Corrientes and Entrerios in the east, including the adjacent portion of Uruguay (Paysandti)b. *" Asthenes baeri (BERLEPSCH): Superficially resembling A. pyrrholeuca, but im- mediately recognizable by much shorter and stouter, strongly curved bill with light colored mandible, and shorter, much less graduated tail, the distance between the median and outermost rectrix not exceeding 22-28 mm.; superciliaries much broader and, like sides of neck, conspicuously grayish; rufous wing band either absent or but faintly suggested, very rarely so well pronounced as in A. pyrrholeuca; tail feathers decidedly narrower, etc. Wing 61-66; tail 67-73; bill 10-11. Material examined. — Argentina, Entrerios: Concepcion i, Rio Uruguay i, La Soledad 2. Cordoba: Cosquin 7. Mendoza: near Mendoza i. Gob. del Rio Negro: Rio Negro 2, Rio Colorado 3. Tucuman: Rio Sali 2, Santa Ana 2. Salta: Valle de Lerma i, Salta i. b Although a perfectly distinct species, A. baeri has so variously been confused by authors with A. sordida, A. pyrrholeuca, A. flavogularis, and even A. d'orbignyi, 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 137 *Asthenes pudibunda (Sclater)*. FAWN-THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis pudibunda SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 445, pi. 58, fig. i — Obraillo, near Canta, Dept. Lima, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Obraillo; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 142, 1884 — Obraillo. Siptornis pudibunda SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 67, 1890 — Peru; BER- LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 70, 1906 — Coracora, Dept. Ayacucho. Siptornis orbignii neglecta CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 340, 1916 — Macate, Dept. Ancachs. Range: Western Cordillera of Peru (in depts. of Ancachs, Lima, and Ayacucho) . 5: Peru (Matucana, Dept. Lima i; Macate, Dept. Ancachs 4). Asthenes heterura (Berlepsch)b. IQUICO SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis heterura BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 93, 1901 — Iquico, Bolivia. Range: Western Bolivia (Iquico, Illimani, Dept. La Paz). Asthenes ottonis (Berlepscti)0. GARLEPP'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis ottonis BERLEPSCH, Ornis, n, p. 197, 1901 — Anta, near Cuzco, Peru that it is utterly impossible to allocate many of the earlier references without re- examination of the specimens upon which they were based. Synallaxis d'orbignii of SCLATER (P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 — Cordoba), and LILLO (Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902, and Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Rio Sali, Tucuman), Siptornis sordida of SALVADORI (Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897— Salta), and Siptornis orbignyi of MARELLI (El Hornero, I, p. 78, 224, 1918-19 — Curuzii-Cuatia, Corrientes) are more likely to be referable to A . baeri than to any other species. M. LILLO (Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905) lists a supposed new species Siptornis leptasthenur aides from Norco, Tucuman, stating that it belongs to Sclater's fourth section of the genus, typified by S. sordida, but differs by its much longer tail, composed of much narrower, acuminate rectrices. From this insufficient descrip- tion it is impossible to form an opinion as to its validity, and more information is urgently desired. '•Asthenes pudibunda, a strongly marked species, needs no further comment. The figure published by P. L. Sclater shows its characters very well. I am unable to separate S. o. neglecta from the Matucana bird (almost topo- typical), though the latter, owing to its worn plumage, is slightly paler beneath with the throat spot of a clearer rufous. In all of our specimens the six inner rectrices are more or less edged with dusky on the inner web. b Asthenes heterura (BERLEPSCH): Nearly allied to A. pudibunda, but rectrices acuminate and acutely pointed (instead of bluntly rounded), and only the four inner ones dusky on inner web; under parts pale fulvous, the flanks washed with rufous; throat spot pale buff, etc. Wing 59; tail 82.5. (Translated from the German original.) We are not acquainted with this species. 0 Asthenes ottonis (BERLEPSCH): A very peculiar species, perhaps most nearly related to A. pudibunda, but rectrices much narrower, the middle pair much more elongated, while only the submedian pair is edged with dusky along the inner web; forehead cinnamon rufous, with the anterior feathers somewhat stiffened; very dis- tinct superciliary streak buff ; large gular spot ochraceous or buff, passing into white 138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. (type examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — Huara- condo Canyon and Cuzco, Peru. Pseudosiptornis ottonis CORY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 153, 1919 (diag.). Range: Southeastern Peru (Anta, Lucre, Urcos, Cuzco, Huara- condo^Canyon, Dept. Cuzco). Asthenes patagonica (D'Orbigny)*. PATAGONIAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis patagonica D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 249, 1839 — Rio Negro, Patagonia (types in Paris Museum examined); HUDSON and SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 24 — Rio Negro; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 44, 1881 — banks of the Rio Colorado; HUDSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 285 — Rio Negro (habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., I, p. 1 86, 1888 — Patagonia. Siptornis patagonica SCLATER, Cat..B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 69, 1890 — Rio Negro and Chubut; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 80, 1906 — Rio Negro; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 268, 1921 — Rio Negro (crit., range); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 316, 1923 — San Antonio, Gulf of San Matias, Gob. Rio Negro. Cranioleuca patagonica DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 198, 1910 — Rio Negro and Chubut. Range: Argentina, from the Rio Colorado south to the Chubut. *Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov.b. CHILEAN SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis modesta (not of EYTON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; at the base of the feathers; foreneck and breast pale buffy grayish, indistinctly streaked with whitish ; middle of abdomen white, flanks and under tail-coverts bright buffy brown. Wing 57-59; tail 93-105; bill 12-13. I do not see any practical purpose in the recognition of a genus Pseudosiptornis. The only character consists of the narrower, more elongated rectrices, while in all other respects A. ottonis agrees pretty well with A. pyrrholeuca. Material examined. — Peru: Anta 2, Lucre i, Urcos i, Huaracondo Canyon i. • Asthenes patagonica is another isolated species, recognizable by its very short, stout bill, proportionately short tail with some rufous only on outer web of outermost rectrix, and black, white streaked gular spot. Material examined. — Rio Negro 2, Puerto San Antonio 2, Rio Limay i. b Asthenes modesta australis subsp. nov. Type from Bafios del Toro, alt. 10,600 ft., Prov. Coquimbo, Chile in Field Mu- seum of Natural History, No. 54178. Adult male. November 12, 1923 C. C. Sanborn. Similar to A. m. modesta (EYTON), but smaller; upper parts much more grayish brown, wing-coverts less washed with rufescent, and lower surface much paler and less buffy. Wing 63-68; tail 65-71; bill 14-16. Two specimens from near Domeyko are somewhat paler, both above and below, than those from Coquimbo and Santiago. I strongly suspect that the Argentine birds will ultimately prove to be separable on account of their more grayish upper and paler, less buffy under parts. Unfortunately, the Chilean series examined is not quite satisfactory, many of the specimens being either in very worn plumage or 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 139 idem and HUDSON, I.e., 1872, p. 544, 548 — Rio Negro, Patagonia; SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 23 — Rio Negro, Chile*; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 47, 1881 — Pichi-Mahuida, Rio Colorado, and Rio Negro; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 183, 1888 — Patagonia. Siptornis modesta SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 66, 1890 — part, spec, a-j, Chile, Mendoza, Rio Negro. Cranioleuca modesta DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 298, 1910 — Rio Negro, Mendoza, Cordoba; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — San Rafael, Mendoza. Siptornis modesta hilereti (not of OUSTALET) DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331, 1914 — Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Mendoza. Siptornis modesta modesta PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Huanuluan, Rio Negro (spec, examined); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Cerro del la Virgen (Los Andes), Rio Blanco, Prov. Acon- cagua. Range : Chile, from southern Atacama (Domeyko, 63 kilom. south of Vallenar) to Santiago, and Argentina (in provinces of Mendoza, Cor- doba, Rio Negro, Chubut, and southern Buenos Aires). 5: Chile (Domeyko, Prov. Atacama 2; Baiios del Toro, Prov. Coquimbo 3). *Asthenes modesta modesta (Eyton). EYTON'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis modestus EYTON, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 159, pi. 81 — "I believe it was from Bolivia" (type in British Museum examined) b. Siptornis modesta sajamae BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 94, 1901 — Esperanza (type) and Sajama, Dept. Oruro, Bolivia; idem and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 128, 1906 — Puno and Pichacani, Lake Titicaca, Peru; MENEGAUX, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (10) I, p. 216, 1909 — Pulacayo, Oruro. Synallaxis modesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1886, p. 398 — Sacaya and Sitana, Prov. Tarapaca (spec, examined). Siptornis modesta SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1891, p. 135 — Sacaya, Tarapacd; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 190, 1902 — Cerro de Malamala, Prov. Tucuman. Siptornis hilereti OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 44, 1904 — Laguna del tPelado and Lara, Prov. Tucuman (types in Paris Museum examined) ; BAER, faded through age. The example from Potrerillos certainly belongs here and not to "hilereti." Material examined. — Chile: Domeyko, Atacama 2; Banos del Tpro, Coquimbo 3; Santiago 3. Argentina: Mendoza (Potrerillos) i, Huanuluan 5, Rio Negro 2, Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut 2, Ventana, Prov. Buenos Aires i. » Sclater also refers Synallaxis flavogularis of BURMEISTER (Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468) to A. modesta. One of the original examples (from Mendoza) examined in the Halle Museum belongs, however, to A . baeri. b The specimen (B. M. No. 81.2.18.177) which, in color of throat and under tail- coverts, corresponds to original description and figure, agrees with a series, including two topotypes, of A . m. sajamae, the latter becoming thus, a synonym of S. modesta. The second example of EYTON'S proves to be referable to A. m. rostrata. 140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — same localities; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 52, 1905 — Cerro de Malamala, Tucuman. Siptornis modestus hilereti HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Lara and Cerro Mufioz, Tucumdn. Cranioleuca hilereti DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 297, 1910 — Cerros de Malamala and Munoz. Range: Northern Chile (in provinces of Antofagasta, Tarapaca, and Tacna), northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman and Jujuy), western Bolivia (Dept. Oruro), and adjacent portion of the Peruvian Department of Puno (Puno and Tirapata, Titicaca basin)8. ii : Chile (Prov. Tacna, Putre 3, Choquelimpie 4; Prov. Antofagasta, Rio Inacaliri 3) ; Argentina (Cerro Laguna Colorada, Mai- mara, Jujuy i). Asthenes modesta rostrata (Berlepsck)b. COCHABAMBA SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis humilis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — part, female from Junin (spec, now in Frankfort Museum, Berlepsch Coll., examined). Siptornis modesta rostrata BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 94, 1901 — Vacas, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia (type examined). Siptornis modesta proximo CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 83, 1921 — Tica-Tica, near Cuzco (type), La Raya, and Junin (spec, examined). Siptornis humilis (not of CABANIS) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond. , 1896, p. 373 — Ingapirca, Junin (spec, examined). Range: Central and southeastern Peru (in depts. of Junin and Cuzco), and Sierra of Cochabamba, in Bolivia. B Birds from the Titicaca basin (Tirapata and Puno) are perfectly identical with others from Oruro. A series from northern Chile averages slightly lighter (more sandy) above, while wings and tail are perhaps a trifle longer. Two topotypes of 5. hilereti and an adult from Jujuy (Maimara) are indistinguishable. The coloration of the guttural spot, used for the discrimination of local forms, varies in A. m. modesta as well as in the other races, between almost white and deep cinnamon rufous. This variation appears to be purely individual, although it might be that the pale throated type predominates in the female sex. Material examined. — Peru, Dept. Puno: Puno 2, Tirapata 6. Bolivia: Oruro 4, Esperanza 2. Chile: Putre, Tacna 2, Choquelimpie, Tacna 4, Sacaya, Tarapaca 2, Rio Inacaliri, Antofogasta 3. Argentina: Tucuman, Lara 2, Cerro Mufioz 4; Jujuy, Maimara i. b Asthenes modesta rostrata (BERLEPSCH): Similar to A. m. modesta, but upper parts darker, Saccardo's umber rather than buffy or sandy brown; wing-coverts less rufescent; wing band darker, hazel instead of cinnamon rufous; foreneck and chest slightly more variegated with whitish streaks and dusky freckles. Wing 64-71; tail 68-79; bill 13-5-15- I do not see how A . m. proxima can be separated from A . m. rostrata, in spite of the apparent gap existing between their ranges. While absolutely alike in colora- tion, Peruvian birds have the wing? very slightly shorter. Material examined. — Peru: Junin 2, Ingapirca i, Tica-Tica, near Cuzco i, La Raya Pass 5. Bolivia: Vacas i, Putuyuni 8, Cerro San Benito, Dept. Cochabamba i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 141 *Asthenes humilis humilis (Cabanis)*. CAB ANIS'S SPOTTED-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis humilis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 319, 1873 — Maraynioc (part, male; type in Berlin Museum examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 23 — Junin; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 138, 1 884 — Maraynioc. Siptornis marayniocensis SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — Cajabamba and Huamachuco (nom. nud.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 373 — Hacienda de Queta (near Tarma) and Canchacso, Dept. Junin. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru, in depts. of Caja- marca (Cajamarca, Cajabamba, Santiago), Libertad (Huamachuco) , Hudnuco, and Junin (Junin, Queta, Maraynioc, Canchacso). 9: Peru (Junin i, Huanuco Mts., Hudnuco 8). Asthenes humilis robusta (Berlepsck)b. BOLIVIAN SPOTTED-BACKED SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis marayniocensis robusta BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 95, 1901 — Iquico, Illimani, Andes of La Paz, Bolivia (type examined). (?) Siptornis humilis (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 67, 1890 — Bolivia. Range: Western Bolivia (Mount Illimani, Andes of La Paz). *Asthenes d'orbignyi arequipae (Sclater and Salvin}0. BLACK-WINGED SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis arequipae SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 417 — Arequipa, a Asthenes humilis humilis (CABANIS): Easily distinguished from A. modesta rostrata (BERLEPSCH) by having the crown and back heavily spotted with black; by lacking the ochraceous buff tinge on the flanks, and by the coloration of the tail. The inner rectrices are narrowly edged with pale brown, while only the extreme api- cal portion of the two lateral pairs is shaded or clouded with pale pinkish cinna- mon. In A. modesta rostrata, on the other hand, all of the rectrices are broadly edged with bright cinnamon rufous exteriorly, and on the two lateral ones there is an extensive apical area of the same color, abruptly defined against the blackish basal portion. Wing 67-75; tail 62-75; bill 13-15. Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. E. Stresemann, I was enabled to directly compare the (male) type of S. humilis, belonging to the Berlin Museum with several exam- ples from northern Peru, collected by O. T. Baron and identified as S. marayniocensis by the late Count Berlepsch. There can be no question about their specific identity. Furthermore, I examined, in the Berlepsch Collection, the female from Junin, re- ceived by the Count from J. Cabanis under the name of 5. humilis, and found it, like one of Kalinowski's specimens from Ingapirca, to be referable to A . modesta ros- trata, which accounts for his redescribing true A. humilis as 5. marayniocensis Material examined. — Junin: Maraynioc (the type) i, Junin 3. Hudnuco: Hudn- uco Mts. 8. Libertad: Humachuco 3. Cajamarca: Cajamarca 7, Santiago i. b Asthenes humilis robusta (BERLEPSCH): Similar to A. h. humilis, but larger; guttural spot larger and paler; foreneck and sides of throat more heavily marked with blackish; dark spotting above less conspicuous; inner rectrices edged with grayish. Wing (male) 76, (female) 72.5; tail 70-73.5; bill 15.5-16.5. 0 Asthenes d'orbignyi arequipae (SCLATER and SALVIN): Differs principally from A. d. d'orbignyi by lacking the large cinnamon rufous patch on the wing, the remiges 142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Peru (type examined); SCLATER, I.e., 1874, p. 23 — Arequipa; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 66, 1884 — Arequipa. Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SCLATER and SALVIN, P Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 986 — Arequipa. Siptornis arequipae SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 66, 1890 — Arequipa; HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 115, 1917 — Sajama (diag.). Range: Andes of southern Peru (Arequipa), northern Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna), and western Bolivia (Sajama, Dept. Oruro). 3: Chile (Putre, Prov. Tacna 3). Asthenes d'orbignyi consobrina subsp. nov.». LA PAZ SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 24, 1837 — La Paz, Bolivia; D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 245, 1839 — part, La Paz. Synallaxis orbignii (not of REICHENBACH) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — part, valley of La Paz. Siptornis arequipae (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 263 (in text), 1923 — part, La Paz. Range: Northwestern Bolivia (Andes of La Paz). *Asthenes d'orbignyi d'orbignyi (Reichenbach). D'ORBIGNY'S RUFOUS- THROATED SPINE-TAIL. Bathmidura d'orbignyi REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 163, 1853 — based on Synallaxis humitola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame>. me'rid., Ois., pi. 17, fig. 2, Palca, Prov. Ayupaya, Dept. Cochabambab (type in Paris Museum examined). Synallaxis humicola (not of KITTLITZ) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. mend., Ois., p. 245 pi. 17, fig. 2, 1839 — part, Cochabamba, Palca; BURMEISTER, Journ. being sooty black down to the very base; by the larger upper wing-coverts and ter- tials being blackish, narrowly margined with pale (rufescent) brown, instead of cin- namon rufous for their greater portion; darker brown back; larger size, especially heavier bill. Wing (six males) 68-74; tail 73-79; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Peru: Arequipa 3. Bolivia, Oruro: Sajama 2. Chile, Tacna: Putre 3- • Asthenes d' 'orbignii consobrina subsp. nov. Type in Carnegie Museum No. 81561. Adult male, La Paz, Bolivia, alt. 3,400 metr., September 26, 1920. Jose" Steinbach. Nearest to, and agreeing with A. d. arequipae in uniform sooty black remiges; but considerably smaller, with slenderer bill; edges to tertials and larger upper wing- coverts broader and more rufescent; cinnamomeous gular spot much smaller, half concealed by the long silky white tips; tawny area on flanks much more restricted; tail with less rufous, this color being confined to the outer, and extreme base of the inner web on the outermost, and to the extreme base of both webs on the penulti- mate rectrix. Wing 62-66; tail 67-72; bill 13. Remarks. — While agreeing with A. d. arequipae in black wings, this form has the wing-coverts and tertials more conspicuously margined with brown, thereby pointing to A . d. d'orbignyi which it also approaches in lesser size and smaller, semi- concealed gular spot. Material examined. — Bolivia: La Paz 4, Guaqui, La Paz 3, unspecified i. b See HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 114, footnote i, 1917. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 143 Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — part, Mendoza (spec, in Halle Museum examined); idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 468, 1861 — part, Mendoza8. Synallaxis crassirostris (LANDBECK MS.) LEYBOLD, Journ. Orn., 13, p. 401, 1865 — Melocoton, Rio Tunuyan, Prov. Mendoza. Synallaxis orbignii SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 22 — Palca (Bolivia), Men- doza; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 621 — part, Palca; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 183, 1888 — part, northern Argentina. Siptornis orbignii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, e, g-i, Mendoza, "Pampas," "Parana," Bolivia (spec, examined). Siptornis d'orbignyi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, P- 79. I9°6 — Ayupaya and Cochabamba; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Jujuy; HELLMAYR, I.e., 28, p. 263, 1921 — Ayupaya, Cochabamba. Siptornis orbignyi SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 18, 1897 — Tala, Salta; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 454 — San Luis, Tarija. Siptornis d'orbignyi crassirostris HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 116, 1917 — Mendoza (crit.). Range: Eastern Andes of Bolivia, in depts. of Cochabamba (Paro- tani, Cochabamba), Santa Cruz (Valle Grande), Chuquisaca (Palca, Sucre), and Tarija, and western Argentina (in prov. of Jujuy, Salta, Mendoza) b. 4: Bolivia (Parotani i); Argentina, Prov. Jujuy (Maimara 3). Asthenes berlepschi (Hellmayr)°. BERLEPSCH'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis berlepschi HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 113, 1917 — Chicani, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia. Range: Northern Bolivia (Chicani, north slope of the Cordillera Real, Dept. La Paz). "The locality "Parand," mentioned by D'Orbigny and Burmeister, refers, of course, to some other species. There are no specimens from this place either at Paris or at Halle. b Birds from Cochabamba, Santa Cruz (Valle Grande), and Chuquisaca agree perfectly together. A series from Argentina and Tarija are, on average, somewhat more rufescent above, though the divergency is insignificant. The supposed char- acters of the Mendoza form (crassirostris) prove to be unreliable. Material examined. — Bolivia, Cochabamba: Parotani i, Cochabamba 5; Santa Cruz, Valle Grande i; Palca, Ayupaya i, Chuquisaca [ = Sucre] 3; Tarija, Tarija 2. Argentina, Prov. Jujuy: Maimara 3, Tilcara i, Tacoraita i; Mendoza 2. 0 Asthenes berlepschi (HELLMAYR) : Nearly related to A . d. d'orbignyi and A . d. are- quipae. Agrees with the former in possessing an extensive deep cinnamon rufous band across the basal portion of the remiges, but differs by larger size, stouter bill, less rufous wing-coverts and tertials which are blackish, broadly edged with rufescent brown, as in A. d. consobrina, and by lacking the cinnamomeous gular spot. From A. d. arequipae and A. d. consobrina it may be distinguished, in addition to the last- named character, by lacking the cinnamon rufous patch on the lesser wing-coverts, and by the wide rufous basal band of the remiges. In size it closely approaches A. d. arequipae. Wing (four adult males) 69-70; tail 70-74; bill 14.5-15.33. This is probably also a geographical race of A . d'orbignyi, but until we know more about its distribution, it would be unsafe to employ trinomial nomenclature. 144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Asthenes humicola humicola (Kittlitz). BLACK-TAILED SPINE-TAIL. Synnalaxis (sic) humicola KITTLITZ, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (sav. £tr.), i, livr. 2, p. 185, 1830 — near Valparaiso, Chile; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 15, 1921 (note on type). Synallaxis humicola D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 245, 1839 — part, Valparaiso; DARWIN, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 75, 1839 — Valparaiso; DssMuRS in Gay, Hist. fis. pol. Chile, Zool., i, p. 288, 1847 — Chile; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; idem, l.c., 1874, p. 22 — Chile, near Valparaiso; PHILIPPI, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 — Copacolla, Atacama; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — Valparaiso. Synallaxis pumicola FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., n, p. 112, 1843 — Chile (habits); BIBRA, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 5, p. 129, 1853 — near Valparaiso. Siptornis humicola SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 65, 1890 — Chile; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 79, 1906 — Val- paraiso, Chile; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 263, 1921 — Valparaiso; BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 182, 1923 — Precordillera of Aconcagua, Chile. Synallaxis cinerea PHILIPPIC, Anal. Univ. Chile, 91, p. 674, 1895 — Andes of Prov. San Fernando, Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool., 15, p. 36, pi. 18, fig. i, 1902 — San Fernando. Cranioleuca humicola REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 32, 1916 — Mendoza. Siptornis sordida (not of LESSON) BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 145, 1920 — Nilahue", Prov. Curic6. Range: Chile, from Curic6 north to Atacama (Caldera, Copacolla), and western Argentina (Mendoza) b. 12 : Chile (Prov. O'Higgins, Bafios de Cauquenes i, San Francisco i ; Prov. Santiago, San Jose de Maipo 2, Pena Lolen i; Prov. Valparaiso, Limache 7, Olmue' i ; Prov. Coquimbo, La Compania 2, Romero 2 ; Prov. Atacama, Caldera i). *Asthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov.° SOUTHERN BLACK-TAILED SPINE-TAIL. Range: Central Chile, in provinces of Concepcion and Maule. a The published figure closely agrees with a worn specimen from Caldera, in which the whitish and pale grayish streaking of the chest is but faintly developed. The tail of the type specimen was obviously not full grown. bA specimen from Mendoza in the U. S. National Museum (No. 237185), ob- tained from Carlos Reed, differs from our series only by having the tawny color of the belly rather more extensive and slightly deeper in tone. c A sthenes humicola polysticta subsp. nov. Type from Hacienda Gualpencillo, Concepcion, in Field Museum of Natural History. No. 54165. Female. April 16, 1923. C. C. Sanborn. Similar to A. h. humicola, but much more heavily marked underneath, the fore- neck, breast and middle of the abdomen showing very distinct, blackish marginal 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 145 1 1 : Chile (Hacienda Gttalpencillo, Concepcion 9 ; Pilen Alto, eight miles west of Cauquenes, Maule 2), Asthenes steinbachi (Hartert}*. STEINBACH'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis steinbachi HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 213, 1909 — Cachi, Prov. Salta (type in Tring Museum examined); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 245, 33i» 1913-14 — Mendoza; idem, El Hornero, i, p. 195, 1918 — Gualfin, Sierra de Catamarca; SANZIN, I.e., p. 150, 1918 — Alto Verde, Prov. Mendoza. Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Salta (Cachi), Cata- marca (Gualfin), and Mendoza (Mendoza, Potrerillos, Alto Verde). *Asthenes hellmayri (Reiser)*. REISER'S SPINE-TAIL. (PI. IV). Synallaxis griseiventris (not of ALLEN 1889) REISER, Anzeiger Ak. Wiss. Wien, 42, p. 323, 1905 — Fazenda Serra, Rio Grande, n.w. Bahia (type examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 476, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Bahia (nest and eggs descr.). Synallaxis hellmayri REISER, Orn. Monatsber., 13, p. 210, 1905 — new name for Synallaxis griseiventris REISER preoccupied; idem, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 69, 1910 — Fazenda da Serra and Serra do Estreito, Rio Grande, Bahia. spots to the feathers, while the flanks and under tail-coverts are much duller, vary- ing between cinnamon brown and snuff brown (not bright tawny as in A . h. humicola) . This strongly differentiated form apparently replaces the typical race in the coast region of Concepcion and Maule. The eleven examples in the collection are very uniform, though those from Pilen Alto, by more rufous belly, slightly point toward A. h. humicola. 8 Asthenes steinbachi (HARTERT), an excellent species, stands quite by itself. From A . humicola it differs by lacking the white superciliary stripe and the streaking underneath; by much paler, drab brownish upper parts and by having the upper tail-coverts vinaceous cinnamon, while the two lateral pairs of rectrices are wholly, the next one for the greater part, and the three others at base and along edges bright cinnamon rufous. The markings of the throat are somewhat similar to A. humicola, though more edge-like. In general coloration, shape of bill and hind claw it agrees with A. d'orbignyi, but has a much longer tail with much broader rectrices, and dif- fers widely by absence of cinnamomeous gular spot, drab grayish (instead of buff) under parts with much paler flanks, drab brownish pileum and back, much more rufous in tail, etc. Wing 65-69; tail 82-90; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Salta: Cachi i. Mendoza: Potrerillos 3, Mendoza i. b Asthenes hellmayri (REISER): Upper parts light brownish gray; lesser, median, and outer web of greater wing-coverts bright hazel, forming a large patch on the wing; remiges dusky, exteriorly edged with grayish brown; tail dusky, middle pair of rectrices brownish gray, the three lateral ones indistinctly, tipped with grayish or dull rufescent; sides of head and neck more buffy than the crown, lores dusky; under parts light drab (rather more grayish than Ridgway's shade on plate 46), more buffy on middle of abdomen, with a large dull black patch occupying the lower throat; axillars and under wing-coverts cinnamon rufous; quill lining cinnamon buff. Wing 67-70; tail 75-86; bill 14.5-15. This species which has no near ally is a typical Asthenes, both the type and our specimens possessing twelve rectrices. Material examined. — Fazenda Serra i , Serra do Estreito i , Rio do Peixe i , Arara i. 146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Rio do Peixe, near Qtiei- madas; Barra, Rio Sao Francisco; Rio Preto) and Piauhy. 2 : Brazil (Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia i ; Arara, Piauhy i). Asthenes wyatti wyatti (Sclater and Salvin). WYATT'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis wyatti SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., "1870," p. 840, 1871 — Paramo de Pamplona, Santander, Colombia (type examined); WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 330 — Paramo de Pamplona; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 25 — Pamplona; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 170 — Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Siptornis wyatti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, Paramo of Pamplona, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Paramo de Chiruqua (spec, exam- ined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 (ex BANGS). Asthenes wyatti wyatti TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 290, 1922 — Cerro de Caracas, Macotama, Paramo de Mamarongo, and Paramo de Chiruqua. Range : Andes of Colombia (Santa Marta Mountains, and Paramo de Pamplona, State of Santander) ». Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis (Chapman)*. EQUATORIAL SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis wyatti aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 18, p. 4, 1921 — Mount Chimborazo, Ecuador. Synall[axis] paramo (STOLZMANN MS.) CHAPMAN, I.e., p. 4 (in text), 1921 — Cechce, Ecuador. Synallaxis wyatti (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 299 — Cechce, Ecuador. Siptornis wyatti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — part, spec, f, Cechce; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — Chaupi, Paramo of Illiniza. Range : Andes of Ecuador, south to the vicinity of Alausi (Cechce). a The type specimen differs from those of the Santa Marta range by deeper buffy under parts and much paler (buff instead of deep ochraceous) throat patch. Whether this divergency is individual or racial remains to be determined by a series from Santander. b Asthenes wyatti aequatorialis (CHAPMAN): Closely similar to A. w. wyatti, but upper parts slightly more grayish, the spots larger and deeper black; tail more black- ish; flanks and under tail-coverts, as a rule, brighter fulvous buff. Wing 64-67; tail 67-72; bill 13-14.5. A skin of the well known "Quito" make (Berlin Museum No. B 23219), by the brighter cinnamon rufous lesser wing-coverts, greater extent of rufous on fourth rectrix (from outside) and deeper buffy abdomen, forms the transition to A . w. azuay, of southern Ecuador. Material examined. — Ecuador: Chimborazo 2, Cechce i, "Quito" i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 147 Asthenes wyatti azuay (Chapman)*. AZUAY SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis graminicola azuay CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 13, Aug. 1923 — Bestion, Prov. del Azuay, Ecuador (type examined). Range : Andes of southern Ecuador (Bestion, Prov. del Azuay) . Asthenes wyatti graminicola (Sclater). SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis graminicola SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 446, pi. 58, fig. 2 — Junin, Dept. Junin, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 527 — Junin; idem, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 140, 1884 — Puna of Junin, and Maraynioc. Siptornis graminicola SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — Peru; BER- LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — Hacienda de Queta, near Tarma, Junin; idem, Ibis, 1901, p. 718 — "Cauramarca" [ = Lauramarca], near Cuzco; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 71, 1920 — Olla- chea, near Macusani, Dept. Puno; CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — Tica-tica, Dept. Cuzco Range : Southern Peru, in depts. of Junin (Junin, Maraynioc, Oroya) , Cuzco (Tica-tica, Lauramarca), and Puno (Tirapata, Titicaca basin ; Ollachea, near Macusani, Sierra of Carabaya)b. Asthenes punensis punensis (Berlepsch and Stohmann}*. PUNO SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis punensis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis (8) I, p. 718, 1901 — Puno, Dept. Puno (type examined); idem, Ornis, 13, p. 129— Puno; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 72, 1920 — Puno (crit.). Siptornis punensis punensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, p. 5, 1921 — Guaqui, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia. Range: Southern Peru (Puno, south shore of Lake Titicaca, Dept. Puno), and western Bolivia (Guaqui, near Lake Titicaca, Dept. La Paz). a Asthenes wyatti azuay (CHAPMAN): Agrees with A. w. aequatorialis in length of bill, but size slightly larger; fourth rectrix (from without) wholly rufous except a blackish edge along apical half of inner web; two median pairs and inner remiges edged with cinnamon rufous; cinnamon rufous of wing-coverts brighter and en- croaching on outer web of greater series and primary coverts; upper parts browner; under surface more buffy, passing into ochraceous tawny on sides and tail-coverts. It approaches A . w. graminicola in size and coloration of under parts, but differs by longer bill, deeper guttural spot, more spotted back, brighter and more extensive cinnamon rufous wing area, more rufous on lateral rectrices, and by having the median tail feathers and inner remiges margined with cinnamon rufous. Wing (one adult male) 68; tail 78; bill 14.75. The type is the only known specimen. b Material examined. — Peru: Dept. Cuzco, Lauramarca i, Tica-tica 2; Puno, Ollachea 2, Tirapata i. No specimens seen from the type locality. c Asthenes punensis punensis (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) : Similar to A. wyatti graminicola, but three outer pairs of rectrices extensively black at the base, abruptly defined against the oblique cinnamon rufous apical portion; fourth rectrix black, 148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Asthenes puensis cuchacanchae (Chapman)*. CUCHACANCHA SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis punensis cuchacanchae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 2, p. 5, 1921 — Cuchacancha, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Siptornis punensis punensis (not of BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 329, 1919 — Cuchacancha. Range: Andes of eastern Bolivia (Cuchacancha, Sierra of Cocha- bamba) . Asthenes punensis lilloi (Oustalef)b. LILLO'S SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis lilloi OUSTALET, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 44, 1904 — Lagun- ita, Tucumdn (type in Paris Museum examined); BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Lagunita; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Lagunita, Cerro de San Pablo, La Cienaga, Tucumdn; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 214, 1909 — La Cienaga, Lagunita, Norco, Tucuman; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 72, 1920 — Tucuman (crit.). Siptornis dinellii LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Cienaga, Tucu- man (type in Coll. Lillo examined; =juv.). Siptornis punensis rufala CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 328, 1919 — Tafi del Valle, Tucumdn (type examined). Siptornis hudsoni (not of SCLATER) LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — San Pablo, Tucumdn. Cranioleuca lilloi -\-Cranioleuca dinellii DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 297, 1910 — La Lagunita, Cerro de San Pablo, La Cienaga, Tucumdn. Range : Andes of northwestern Argentina (Prov. Tucuman) . *Asthenes anthoides (King). KING'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis anthoides KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Zool. Soc. Lond., I, with a small rufous apical spot; basal band of remiges less wide and darker, hazel rather than cinnamon rufous. Wing 69.5-80; tail 87-94; bill 13-13.5. I provisionally regard this bird as specifically distinct, since specimens of A. w. graminicola from Tirapata in the Titicaca basin, not very far from Puno, the type locality of A . punensis, do not show the slightest approach to the latter in the mark- ings of the tail. Material examined. — Peru: Puno (including the type) 4. Bolivia: Guaqui i. * Asthenes punensis cuchacanchae (CHAPMAN): Very nearly related to A. p. pun- ensis, but upper parts paler brown and more heavily streaked with blackish ; lesser wing-coverts and wing band lighter, cinnamon rufous rather than hazel; under parts paler, less tawny ochraceous, particularly on flanks and tail-coverts. Wing (four specimens from the type locality) 73-77; tail 92-97; bill 13.5-14. b Asthenes punensis lilloi (OUSTALET): Similar to A. p. cuchacanchae, but upper parts somewhat darker, more tinged with rufescent, and even more coarsely spotted; lesser wing-coverts and wing band deeper cinnamon rufous or hazel; the edges to the larger coverts pale cinnamon rufous rather than sayal brown; size about the same. Wing 70-77; tail 85-100; bill 12.5-14. Material examined. — Tucumdn: La Lagunita 2, La Cienaga 2, Norco 3, Tafi del Valle 4. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 149 p. 30, March 1831 — no locality specified, presumably Straits of Magellan; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 193, 1859 — Chile; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 25 — Chile, near Valparaiso, "East Falkland," val- leys of southern Patagonia; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 132, 1889 — Laredo Bay, Chile (spec, examined). Synallaxis rufogularis GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 77, pi. 23,1839 — near Valparaiso, and valleys of southern Patagonia; FRASER, P. Z. S. Lond., II, p. 112, 1843 — Chile. Siptornis anthoides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 70, 1890 — Valparaiso (Chile), Santa Cruz (Patagonia), "Falkland Isl."; SALVADOR:, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva (2) 20, p. 617, 1900 — Penguin Rookery, Staten Isl.; CRAWSHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 79, 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 317, 1923 — Lake Nahuel Huapi, Argentina (spec, examined); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 35, 1924 — San Bernardo. Siptornis anthoides anthoides HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 214, 1909 — Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut. Cranioleuca anthoides DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 — part, Santa Cruz, Staten Isl., Tierra del Fuego. Range: Chile, from Valparaiso and Santiago southward; southern Argentina, from Lake Nahuel Huapi, Gob. del Rio Negro down to the Straits of Magellan; Tierra del Fuego; Staten Island". 9: Chile (Prov. Cautin, Lake Gualletue 2, Rio Lolen, Lonquimai Valley 6; Prov. Llanquihue, Rio Nireguao i). *Asthenes hudsoni (Sclater}*. HUDSON'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis hudsoni SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 25 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Rio Sengel, Chubut; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 6, p. 246, 1881 — Tala, Prov. Durazno, Uruguay (nest and eggs descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 209, 1883 — Azul, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 186, 1888 — Argentina (habits); HOLLAND, Ibis, 1890, p. 425 — Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1892, p. 201 — same locality (breeding); APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 182 — Santa Ana, Prov. Soriano, Uru- guay; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 411— Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires. a No reliable record exists for its occurrence on the Falkland Island. Besides those listed above, I have examined specimens from the following localities: Vicinity of Santiago 2, San Bernardo i, Laredo Bay i ; Bariloche, Lake Nahuel Huapi, Argen- tina 2. b A sthenes hudsoni is obviously specifically distinct from A . anthoides. Apart from its much larger size, slenderer as well as straighter bill, more sharply acuminate rec- trices, and much lighter upper part?, it has a very peculiar juvenal plumage, in which fore-neck, chest and sides are marked with longitudinal spots or streaks of blackish brown, while in the young A. anthoides the same parts show rather obsolete, sooty cross bars. Material examined. — Prov. Buenos Aires: Azul 2, Conchitas 2, Barracas al Sud 5, Est. Los Ynglases i. Gob. del Rio Negro: Huanuluan i. 150 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Synallaxis sclateri CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 26, p. 196, 1878 — Sierra of Cordoba; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 461 — Cordoba. Synallaxis anthcides (not of KING) SCLATER and SAL VIM, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas; DOERING, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 47, 1881 — Azul, Carhue', Arroyo Salado, Prov. Buenos Aires. Siptornis hudsoni SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 70, 1890 — Uruguay, Con- chitas and Aj6 (Buenos Aires), Cordoba; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 130 — Los Ynglases, Ajo, and Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (crit., descr. juv.); PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — Huanuluan, Gob. Rio Negro (spec, examined). , Siptornis anthoides hudsoni HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 214, 1909 — Barracas al Sud and Est. San Martino Monte, Prov. Buenos Aires (descr. juv.). Cranioleuca hudsoni DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 (range). Asthenes anthoides hudsoni TREMOLERAS, El Hornerc, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; PEREYRA, l.c., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Prov. Buenos Aires. (?) Asthenes anthoides (not of KING) DAGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — "Barracas al Sud," Rosas, B. Aires. Range: Pampas of Argentina, from Buenos Aires and Cordoba south to Chubut, and Uruguay. i: Argentina (Buenos Aires i). Asthenes maluroides (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. WREN-LIKB SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis maluroides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., i, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 22, 1837 — Buenos Aires (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 238, pi. 14, fig. 3, 1839 — Buenos Aires; GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 77, 1839 — Maldonado, Uruguay; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas, Buenos Aires; SCLATER, 1. c., 1874, P- 2^ — Maldonado and Buenos Aires; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 180 — Buenos Aires; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 61 — Buenos Aires (nest and eggs descr.); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 208, 1883 — Conception del Uruguay, Entrerios (spec, examined); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., x, p. 188, 1888 — Argentina (habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 412 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires. Siptornis maluroides SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 72, 1890 — Rio Lujan and Punta Lara, Buenos Aires; Rio Negro, Patagonia; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul; MENEGAUX • By the strongly emarginate and acuminate tail feathers, this singular species closely approaches Cranioleuca sulphurifera, but has a straighter bill, while the spotted upper parts suggest affinities to Asthenes hudsoni. Some time it may be found necessary to separate it genetically. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 151 and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 81, 1906 — Buenos Aires; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 1 6, p. 214, 1909 — Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 131 — Cape San Antonio, Luiconia and Los Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 249, 1921 — Buenos Aires. Cranioleuca malur aides IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 235, 1907 — Rio Grande do Sul, Buenos Aires; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 (range in Argentina); HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata. Asthenes maluroides DAGUERRE, El Hornero, 2, p. 268, 1922 — Rosas, Prov. Buenos Aires; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 641, 1924 — Lujan, Buenos Aires. Range : Eastern Argentina (in prov. of Entrerios and Buenos Aires, south to the Rio Negro), Uruguay, and southern Brazil (Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul)a. Asthenes flammulata multostriata (Sclater)*. MANY-STRIPED SPINE- TAIL. Synallaxis multo-striata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, "1857", p. 273, Jan. 1858 — Bogota (type in Paris Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1859, p. 194 — New Granada; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 636 (crit.). Synallaxis flammulata (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 26 — part, Bogota. Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., iS,p. 72, 1890 — part, Colombia. Siptornis multostriata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 80, 1906 — Bogota (diag.). Siptornis flammulata multostriata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407, 1917 — Choachi, near Bogota. Range: Eastern Andes of Colombia (in states of Santander, Boy- aca, and Cundinamarca). *Asthenes flammulata quindiana (Chapman)0. SANTA ISABEL SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis flammulata quindiana CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 643, •An adult male, secured at Rio Grande on May 27, 1884 by Hermann von Ihering, agrees with others from Buenos Aires. A single male from Entrerios (Con- cepcion del Uruguay) is more strongly washed with buffy brown on chest and sides. b Asthenes flammulata multostriata (SCLATER): Differs from A. f. flammulata by having the chin and upper throat deep cinnamon rufous; the forehead darker chest- nut; the superciliaries ochraceous instead of whitish; the blackish margins on the under parts decidedly broader, particularly on the flanks. Wing 64-66; tail 75-81- bill 14. Material examined. — Bogota 3. Santander: Paramo Guerrero 2, Paramo de Cachiri 2. Boyaca: Lagunillas 8. " Asthenes flammulata quindiana (CHAPMAN): Somewhat intermediate between A. /. flammulata and A. f. multostriata; differing from the former by browner (less 152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1915 — Paramo de Santa Isabel, central Andes, Colombia; idem, I.e., 36, p. 407, 1917 — Santa Isabel. Range: Central Andes of Colombia (Paramo de Santa Isabel). i: Colombia (Santa Isabel, Quindio Andes i). Asthenes flammulata flammulata (Jardine). JARDINE'S SPINE-TAIL. Synalaxis (sic) flammulatus JARDINE, Contrib. Orn., 1850, p. 82-10, pi. 56 — "lofty table lands of the Andes [near Quito] at an elevation of 14,000 feet," Ecuador. Synallaxis flammulata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 76 — Panza; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 26 — part, Panza and "Loxa", Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI and BER- LEPSCH, I.e., 1885, p. 95 — Chimborazo and San Rafael; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 75, 1889 — near Quito; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — Pichincha. Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 72, 1890 — part, Ecua- dor; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Mt. Cayambe; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — Pichincha; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 81, 1906 — Pichin- cha and Quito (diag.); MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr. Mes. Arc. Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Pichincha and Mozo; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — Pichincha. Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador8. *Asthenes flammulata taczanowskii (Berlepsch and Stolzmann)*. TAC- ZANOWSKI'S STREAKED SPINE-TAIL. Siptornis taczanowskii BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ibis, (6) 6, p. 393, 1894 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin, Peru; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 373 — Maray- nioc, Pariayacu. Synallaxis flammulata (not of JARDINE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 527 — Maraynioc; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 139, 1884 — Maraynioc. Siptornis flammulata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 72, 1890 — part, Peru. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Peru (in depts. Amazonas, Huanuco, and Junin) . blackish) upper pai-ts, hazel rather than tawny forehead, ochraceous, less clearly defined superciliaries, and deeper (ochraceous buff instead of buff) throat; from the latter by less chestnut forehead, white chin spot, much paler throat, and much narrower blackish striping below. Wing 64-65; tail 76-82; bill 13-14. Three specimens from the type locality examined. a Nine specimens examined. b Asthenes flammulata taczanowskii (BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN): Similar to A. f. flammulata, but streaks above narrower, forehead less tinged with tawny; entire throat and foreneck pale buff; dusky streaking below less pronounced and chiefly restricted to chest and sides, leaving an extensive area in the middle plain grayish white. Size about the same. Eight specimens examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 153 7: Peru (Mountains east of Balsas i, Huanuco Mts. 6). Asthenes maculicauda (Berlepsch)*. BERLEPSCH'S BOLIVIAN SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis maculicauda BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 92, 1901 — Iquico, on the Illimani, Dept. La Paz, Bolivia; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 264, 1919 — Aconquija, Prov. Tucuman, Argentina. Range: Andes of Bolivia (Iquico, Illimani, Dept. La Paz), and northwestern Argentina (Sierra of Aconquija, Prov. Tucumdn). Asthenes virgata (Sclater}b. SCLATER'S SPINE-TAIL. Synallaxis virgata SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 446 — Junin; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., p. 527 — Junin; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 141, 1884 — Junin. Siptornis virgata SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 71, 1890 — Peru. Range: Andes of Peru (Junin). Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis ( Chapman} °. URUB AMB A SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis urubambensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 41, p. 328, 1919 — above Matchu Picchu (Cedrobamba), Dept. Cuzco; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — above Matchu Picchu (spec, examined). Range : Temperate Zone of the Andes of southeastern Peru (above Matchu Picchu, Dept. Cuzco). *Asthenes urubambensis huallagae (ZimmerY. HUALLAGA SPINE- TAIL. Siptornis urubambensis huallagae ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. a Asthenes maculicauda (BERLEPSCH): Nearly related to A. f. flammulata, but without trace of the buff guttural spot; forehead brighter chestnut; under parts buffy white, with the brownish streaking much less distinct; tail olive or rufescent brown, variegated with irregular blackish spots and streaks. Wing 58-62; tail 68- 80; bill 12-13. (Translated from the German original.) We are not acquainted with this species which may be a geographical representa- tive of A . flammulata. b Asthenes virgata (SCLATER): Described as being related to A. flammulata, but larger, with the rump plain brown (unstreaked), and the middle of the belly white. Wing 71; tail 91. Known only from two specimens in the Polish Natural History Museum, War- saw. We have not seen this species. 0 Asthenes urubambensis urubambensis (CHAPMAN): Related to the A. flammu- lata group, but upper parts plain Prout's brown, with only a few obsolete buff streaks across the hind neck; forehead dark brown, streaked with buff, without any rufous; outer margins of remiges brown like the back instead of bright hazel; tail without rufous; under parts not unlike A. flammulata, but gular spot smaller, more sharply denned, and of a deeper ochraceous hue. Wing 59-63; tail 77-87; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Peru: above Matchu Picchu 4 (including the type). d A sthenes urubambensis huallagae (ZIMMER) : Similar to A . u. urubambensis, but upper parts much deeper, dark auburn; pale streaks on forehead narrower 154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Ser., 12, p. 53, 1924 — Mountains near Hua'nuco, Peru. Range: Mountains near Huanuco, Dept. Huanuco, Peru. 2: Peru (Huanuco Mountains 2). Genus THRIPOPHAGA Cabanis. Thripophaga CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Anabates macrourus WIED. *Thripophaga macroura (Wied). STRIATED SOFT-TAIL. Anabates macrourus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (ed. in 8°, p. 146), 1821 — Rio Catole", Bahia. Sphenura striolata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Bahia; SPIX, Av. Bras., i, pi. 83, fig. 2, 1824. Anabates (Sphenura) striatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 83, 1824 — Bahia (type in Munich Museum examined). Xenops ruficollaris LESSON, Cent. Zool., p. 101, pi. 36, 1831 — "Mexico or Cali- fornia." Anabates striolatus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 40, pi. 238, fig. i, 1823 — Bahia; WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1182, 1831 — Brazil (habits); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, note i, 1868. Thripophaga striolata BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 35, 1856 — Brazil (descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 83, 1890 — Bahia. Thripophaga macroura ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 245, 1889 — (note on Wied's types); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 628, 1906 (note on Spix's type); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237, 1907 — Bahia and Espirito Santo. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Espirito Santo". i : Brazil (Bahia i). Thripophaga cherriei Berlepsch and Hartert*. CHERRIE'S SOFT-TAIL. Thripophaga cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 60, pi. 12, and not extending beyond the eye; sides of head and neck as well as under parts more purely white, the dusky streaks broader, more regular, and of a deeper sepia brown; flanks deeper brown, without trace of light streaking. Wing (male) 63, (female) 62; tail 87, (female) 77; bill 13-6- 15- B In addition to numerous "Bahia" skins in various collections, I have examined an adult male from Villa Alegre, Espirito Santo, obtained by F. Zikan on January 2, 1912, in the Museum of the Senckenbergian Natural History Society, Frankfort, Germany. a Thripophaga cherriei BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Upper parts olive brown, with a slight rufescent cast on the back; wings bright rufous brown, somewhat lighter on 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 155 fig. 2, 1902 — Capuano, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 262, 1916 — Capuano. Range: Venezuela, upper Orinoco (Capuano, twenty-five miles above the mouth of the river Vichado). Thripophaga fusciceps fusciceps Sclater*. BROWN-HEADED SOFT-TAIL. Thripophaga fusciceps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Bolivia (type in British Museum examined): idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 85, 1890 — Bolivia. Range: Bolivia, southeastern Peru (Rio Tavara, La Pampa), and eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo)b. Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis Todd*. LOWER AMAZONIAN SOFT-TAIL. Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925 — Islands near Obidos, Brazil. Range: Northern Brazil, on islands of the Amazon, near Obidos. the wing-coverts, inner web of remiges dusky; tail, including upper tail-coverts chestnut rufous; lores and narrow superciliary streak buff; sides of head buff, streaked with dusky ; chin and upper throat bright orange rufous, forming a well defined patch ; remainder of under surface light olive brown, foreneck and sides of neck marked with very conspicuous buff shaft stripes, becoming evanescent on the chest; axillars, under wing-coverts, and quill lining bright ochraceous; bill horn brown, below pale yellow- ish. Wing 66; tail 65, 67; bill 15-16. Two specimens, the type in the Berlepsch collection and a male in the Tring Museum examined. While not unlike T. macroura in style of coloration, especially below, this species has a proportionately shorter tail. a Thripophaga fusciceps fusciceps SCLATER : The plain light buff y brown pileum and under parts, the (slightly fulvescent) Dresden brown back, and theclear cinnamon rufous wings and tail distinguish this rare species. In shape of wings and tail, and proportion of tarsus, it nearly agrees with T. macroura, differs, however, by much shorter, stouter bill with more convex culmen, and less elongated, more rounded crown feathers. It is probably not strictly congeneric, but the allied T. baroni holds an intermediate position. b An unsexed adult from the Rio Napo (Tring Museum) differs from the three Bolivian skins in the British Museum by shorter bill and tail, darker (earthy brown) pileum, slightly darker back, and deeper rufous wings and tail. Two birds from southeastern Peru in the American Museum of Natural History very nearly agree with the Ecuadorian bird. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Three unsexed adults from Bolivia 70,74,80 80,85,91 14 One adult male from La Pampa, Peru 72 73 12 One unsexed adult from Rio Napo, Ecuador 76 75 13 c Thripophaga fusciceps obidensis TODD: Differs from T. f. fusciceps in much brighter, clay color (instead of buffy brown) under parts, passing into deep cinna- mon on flanks, and deep cinnamon or argus brown (instead of fulvescent Dresden brown) back and upper tail-coverts. Besides, the pileum which, in the typical race, is much duller and less brownish, hardly differs in color from the back; the axillars and 156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Thripophaga berlepschi Hellmayr*. BERLEPSCH'S SOFT-TAIL. Thripophaga berlepschi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 503, Sept. 1905 — Leima- bamba, Peru. Range: Northern Peru (only known from Leimabamba, Dept. Amazonas). Genus DRIOCTISTES Ridgwayb. Drioctistes RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Thripophaga sclateri BERLEPSCH = Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN. Drioctistes erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Wied). RED-EYED SOFT-TAIL. Anabates erythrophthalmus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (ed., in 8° p. 146), 1821 — Rio Catote, Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1175, 1831 — Rio Catote (habits); DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 8, pi. 44, 1847 (figure of type); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 30, 1856 — Rio Catole' (ex WIED); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, note 2, 1868 — Brazil. Anabates aradoides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 8, 1832 — "Bre'sil" (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined). Platyurus affinis SWAINSON, Orn. Drawings, Part 5, pi. 57, 1839 (?) — Brazil. Thripophaga erythrophthalma ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 245, 1889 — Rio Catole' (note on Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237 — Bahia. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro0. Drioctistes erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula (Pelzeln)*. RED-BREASTED SOFT-TAIL. under wing-coverts are deeper orange ochraceous ; the bill is somewhat longer, with the pale tip of the maxilla less distinct. Wing (one male) 75; (four females) 70-72; tail 70-76; bill I3-5-I4-5- Six specimens from the type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined. * Thripophaga berlepschi HELLMAYR: Differs from T. fusciceps in having the upper and middle back, sides of neck, and chest cinnamon rufous, strongly contrasted with the light olive brown of crown, rump and posterior lower parts ; the throat cin- namon buff; the upper tail-coverts washed with cinnamomeous ; the rufous of wings and tail deeper in tone. Bill longer and much slenderer. Wing (adult male) 77; tail 87; bill 16. b This genus is nearly related to Phacellodomus, but may be distinguished by much longer as well as slenderer tarsus, elevated, extremely compressed mesorhinium, and proportionately shorter wings. It is hardly explainable how the members of this group could have ever been associated with Thripophaga, which has much longer wings, shorter tarsi and a quite differently shaped bill, while the nostrils and nasal operculum are exposed for much the greater part. • Specimens examined: Bahia i, Rio de Janeiro i, "Brazil" 2. d Drioctistes erythrophthalmus ferrugineigula (PELZELN) : Nearly related to D. e. erythrophthalmus, but rufous of forehead extended over the crown; median rectrices 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 157 Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 31, p. 322, 1858 — "Cape Horn," errore, we suggest Prov. Sao Paulo (type in Vienna Museum examined). Thripophaga sdateri BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) i, p. 490, pi. 13, 1883 — Sao Paulo (type) and Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (type in Berlepsch collection exam- ined); BERLEPSCH and IHERINGJ Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 144, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84, 1890 — Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul), Sao Paulo; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 224, 1899 — Sao Paulo, and Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, I.e., 4, p. 245, 1900 (nest and egg descr.). Thripophaga ferrugineigula BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 27, 28, 1905 (crit., range); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 237, 1907 — Ypiranga, Sao Paulo, Itatiba, Ubatuba. Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Sao Paulo (Ypiranga, Itatiba, Ubatuba), and Rio Grande do Sul (Taquara do Mundo Novo, Sao Lourengo, Pelotas). Genus PHACELLODOMUS Reichenbach*. Phacellodomus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 169, 1853 — type by monotypy Anabates rufifrons WIED. Phaceloscenus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Anumbius striaticollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY. *Phacellodomus rufifrons rufifrons (Wied). RED-FRONTED THORN- BIRD. Anabates rufifrons WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 177, 1821 — Rio Ressaque, s. Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1119, 1831 — Campos of southern Bahia; SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 84, pi. 85, fig. i, 1824 — Minas Geraes. Malurus garrulus SWAINSON, Zool. 111., 3, pi. 138, 1822 — Bahia. Sphenura frontalis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 42, 1823 — Bahia. Anumbius frontalis BURMEISTER, Syst. ttbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 36, 1856 — Brazil. dusky brown, instead of rufous like the lateral ones; cinnamon rufous color under- neath not restricted to throat and foreneck, but extending well over the chest and gradually merging into the ochraceous buff of the abdomen. Wing 62-65 ; tail 85-94; bill 16-17. Material examined. — Type of Anumbius ferrugineigula PELZELN i, Sao Paulo (type of T. sdateri) i, Ypiranga 2, Sao Lourengo 2, Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul i. 8 Subdivision of this genus appears impracticable. While P. striaticollis, P. dor- salis and P. ruber have shorter tarsi and wings, and a more strongly graduated tail than the genotype, P. striaticeps and P. sibilatrix occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Wing and tail are of nearly equal length, the latter is even less graduated than in P. rufifrons, and in length of tarsus they are just between Phacellodomus (P. rufifrons) and Phaceloscenus (P. striaticollis). 158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Anumbius rufifrons PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — part, Bahia. Phacellodomus frontalis REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 380 — Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes. PhaceUodomus rufifrons ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 244, 1889 — (note on Wied's types); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1906 — part, Minas Geraes, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 84, 1906 — part, spec, a-d, Bahia, Paracatii, Minas Geraes. Phacelodomus rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec. e-k, Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — part, Alagoinhas, Santa Rita, Bahia; Sao Antonio do Gilboez, Piauhy. Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Piauhy, and Minas Geraes". 10: Brazil (Sao Amaro, Bahia 4; Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 6). *Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis Cabanis*. WESTERN RED- FRONTED THORN-BIRD. Phacellodomus sincipitalis CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 109, 1883 — vicinity of Tucuman (city). Anumbius rufifrons (not of WIED) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 19, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, examined); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 125, 1859 — Arica, Cuyaba, Matto Grosso; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — part, Arica, Cuyaba (spec, examined). Anumbius frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amer. merid., Ois., p. 256, 1839 — "Sicasica"= Chiquitos. Phacellodomus frontalis BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Tucuman; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Tucuman; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 — Salta; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 192, 1888 — part, Salta. Hacelodomus (sic) sibilator (errore) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — "Sicasica" =Chiquitos (ex Anumbius frontalis D'ORBIGNY). Phacelodomus0 rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Salta, Bolivia, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, • Birds from Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Paracatu) are slightly intermediate to P. r. sincipitalis, though taken as a whole much nearer to typical rufifrons, from Bahia. Material. — Sao Amaro, Bahia 4, Alagoinhas, Bahia 3, Santa Rita, Rio Preto, Bahia i, Bahia trade skins 14, Sao Antonio do Gilboez, Piauhy 2, Lagoa Santa, Minas 6, Paracatu, Minas i, "Minas Geraes" 3. b Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis CABANIS: Differs from P. r. rufifrons by more brownish (less grayish) back, with the rump and upper tail-coverts conspicu- ously fulvous; much brighter, more fulvous flanks and crissum, and decidedly cin- namomeous or rufescent lateral rectrices. Material. — Tucuman 13, Oran, Salta 2, Chiquitos, Bolivia i, Paraguay (San Sal- vador, Fort Wheeler) 3, Matto Grosso (Arica, Cuyaba, Urucum, Descalvados) 12. 0 Sometimes spelled PhaceUodomus. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 159 p. 112, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 53, 1905 — Tucuman; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, [Lara, errore], Tucu- man; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Rosario de Lerma, Salta; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 84, 1906 — part, spec, e-h, Miranda, "Goyaz" ( = Matto Grosso); Salvador, Para- guay; Santa Ana, Tucuman; Chiquitos, Bolivia; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 132 — • Puerto Maria, Paraguay; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 9, p. 57, 1917 — Pocone", Caceres, Matto Grosso. Phacelodomus sincipitalis SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 272, p. 19, 1897 — Sao Francisco, Caiza, s.e. Bolivia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — part, Salta, Tucuman. Phacellodomus rufifrons sincipitalis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 215, 1909 — Santa Ana, Tucuman; Valle de Lerma, Rio Seco, Arenal, Oran, Salta. Range: Eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos, Caiza); northwestern Argen- tina, in provinces of Salta and Tucuman; northern Paraguay (San Salvador, Puerto Maria, Fort Wheeler), and western Matto Grosso, Brazil. 5 : Argentina, Prov. Tucumdn (Tucuman 2, Santa Ana i, Sarmiento 2). >• *Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov.». PERUVIAN RED- FRONTED THORN-BIRD. Placellodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 231 — Guajango; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 143, 1884 — Callacate and Maranon Valley. Phacellodomus frontalis TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 200 — Callacate. Phacelodomus rufifrons (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec, m, Guajango. Phacellodomus rufifrons BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Bellavista, Perico, Maranon Valley (spec, examined). Range : Northern Peru, on the Maranon and its affluents, in depts. of Cajamarca, Loreto, and Amazonas. 6: Peru (Moyobamba 3, Rioja i, Bellavista 2). 8 Phacellodomus rufifrons peruvianus subsp. nov. Type from Rioja, Peru in Field Museum of Natural History. No. 54163. Female, July 6, 1912. W. H. Osgood and M. P. Anderson. Closely related to P. r. rufifrons, but flanks and under tail-coverts bright fulvous or ochraceous as in P. r. sincipitalis, and rufous on forehead generally lighter. Sim- ilar also to P. r. sincipitalis, but lateral rectrices less rufescent, back more grayish, and rump much less suffused with fulvous. Wing 61-67; tail 66-75; bill 13-14.5. Material. — Perico i, Bellavista 15, Moyobamba 3, Rioja i. 160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov.8 PERNAMBUCO RED- FRONTED THORN-BIRD. Phacelodomus rufifrons (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec. 1, Pernambuco; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — part, Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco. Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Pernambuco. *Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus Ridgway*. VENEZUELAN THORN- BIRD. Phacellodomus inornatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, "1887", p. 152, 1888 — Caracas, Venezuela; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 369, 1897 — Guanaguana, Bermudez; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 86, 1906 — San Fernando, Rio Apure; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 630, 1906 — vicinity of Cumana, San Fernando (crit.). Placellodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 627 — Venezuela. Phacelodomus rufifrons SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — part, spec, n, o, Venezuela. Range: North coast of Venezuela, from Bermudez (San Felix, Guanaguana) to Lara (Mts. near Bucarito, Tocuyo), south to San Fernando, Rio Apure. 13: Venezuela (Caracas i, Maracay, Aragua 12). "Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). RED-SHOULDERED THORN-BIRD. Anumbius striaticeps LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 19, 1838 — Sicasica, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Ame"r. me'rid., Ois., p. 254, 1839 (no locality given). Phacelodomus striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — part, Bolivia; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Lara, Prov. Tucuman (spec, exam- ined); LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — Lara (ex BAER); DABBENE, • Phacellodomus rufifrons specularis subsp. nov. Type from Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, in Vienna Museum Adult male. February 17, 1903. Otmar Reiser No. 44. Nearest to P. r. rufifrons, but above more brownish; lateral rectrices decidedly rufescent; outer web of third and succeeding remiges margined with bright cinnamon rufous, forming a large alar speculum; rufous of forehead deeper as well as more extensive. In color of tail and back this form agrees with P. r. sincipitalis, but has less fulvous suffusion on the rump, while the large rufous alar speculum serves to distinguish it from all other races. Wing 64-66; tail 69-73; bill 14, 14.5. Material. — Pao d'Alho, near Recife, Pernambuco 2. b Phacellodomus rufifrons inornatus RIDGWAY: Similar to P. r. rufifrons, but with- out any rufous on the forehead. Material. — San Felix, Bermudez 5, Caracas i , Maracay, Aragua 12, Bucarito, Tocuyo, Lara i, San Fernando, Rio Apure 2. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 161 Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 — Lara, Moreno, n.w. Argentina; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range in Argentina). Phacellodomus striaticeps LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 450 — Moreno, Jujuy; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 86, 1906 — Sicasica, Bolivia; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 216, 1909 — Jujuy; Norco, Lara, Prov. Tucuman (spec, examined). Phacellodomus striaticeps striaticeps CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 258, 1919 — Cuchacancha, Parotani, Vinto, Bolivia; Tilcara, Jujuy; Tafi del Valle, Tucuman. Phacelodomus sibilator (not of SCLATER) SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — Cara-huassi, Prov. Salta (spec, examined). Phacelodomus sibilatrix (not of SCLATER) LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p,. 53, 1905 — Norco, Prov. Tucumdn (spec, examined). Range: Andes of Bolivia and northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucumdn, Salta, and Jujuy) a. 3: Argentina (Maimara, Prov. Jujuy 3). Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus Chapman*. PERUVIAN RED- SHOULDERED THORN-BIRD. Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 258, 1919 — Ticatica, near Cuzco, Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Ticatica, Calca, Cuzco, Anta, La Raya, Huaracondo Canyon, Peru; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 73, 1920 — Anta, Sicuani, Urcos, Lucre, Cuzco, Peru (crit.). Anumbius striaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 678 — Paucartambo, near Cuzco. Phacellodomus striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 599 — Tinta, near Cuzco; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 129, 1906 — Puno, Dept. Puno. Phacellodomus striaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1876, p. 16 — Paucartambo; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 144, 1884 — Paucartambo. Phacelodomus striaticeps SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Tinta. Range : Andes of southeastern Peru, in depts. of Cuzco and Puno. a Two Bolivian specimens differ from eight Argentine skins in darker brown upper parts, less extended and deeper chestnut rufous frontal area, deeper rufous humeral patch and basal portion of remiges, as well as brighter fulvous flanks. Wing 65-68; tail 69-75; bill 14-16. b Phacellodomus striaticeps griseipectus CHAPMAN : Very similar to P. 5. striaticeps, but flanks and under tail-coverts much deeper fulvous, sometimes almost ochraceous tawny; upper parts on average darker brown; superciliaries, sides of head and neck less cinnamomeous ; throat and foreneck often washed with grayish vinaceous or grayish buff. All of these characters, except the deeper flanks, are, however, far from being constant. Wing (twenty-two specimens) 67-74; tail 69-75; bill 16-18. 162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Phacellodomus sibilatrix Sclater*. DOERING'S THORN-BIRD. Phacellodomus sibilatrix (DoERiNG MS.), SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 461 — Cordoba (type in British Museum examined); WHITE, I.e., 1882, p. 612 — Monte Grande, Prov. Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 192, 1888 — Cordoba, Entrerios; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 217, 1909 — La Soledad, Entrerios; Ocampo, Mocovi, Prov. Santa F£ (spec, examined). Placellodomus sibilatrix BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 209, 1883 — Uruguay River, Entrerios (nesting habits). Phacelodomus sibilatrix SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 81, 1890 — Cordoba; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300 — part, Cordoba; Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe"; Prov. Buenos Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B. Aires for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires. Range: Argentina, in provinces of Entrerios (La Soledad, Concep- cion del Uruguay), Santa Fe" (Mocovi, Ocampo), Cordoba, Buenos Airesb (Pacheco), and Terr, del Chaco (Puerto Vermejo). *Phacellodomus ruber ( Vieillot). GREATER THORN-BIRD. Furnarius ruber VIEELLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 12, p. 118, 1817 — based on "Afiumbi Roxo" Azara No. 220, Paraguay. Anumbius ruber LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 18, 1838 — Corrientes, and Mojos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Am^r. me'rid., Ois., p. 253, 1839 — same local- ities; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 124, 1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Nos Puritis, Rio Araguay, Goyaz; Cuyabd, Villa Maria [=San Luis de Caceres], Matto Grosso (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Phacellodomus ruber REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 379 — Tolda creek, an affluent of the Rio S§o Francisco, Minas Gerafis; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 14, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 79, 1889— Ytanti, s. of Asunci6n, Paraguay (nest and egg descr.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 84, 1906 — Paraguay, Corrientes; Paracatu, Minas Geraes; Mojos, Bolivia (crit.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 215, 1909 — Mocovi, Prov. Santa Fe"; Tucuman; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 477, 1914 — Cidade da Barra, Prov. Bahia; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 331, 1914 — Argentina. 8 Phacellodomus sibilatrix SCLATER: Most nearly related to P. s. striaticeps, but much smaller, with much shorter and weaker bill, and only some of the anterior frontal feathers narrowly edged with dull rufous. It agrees, however, in having the bend of the wing, lesser wing-coverts, basal portion of secondaries, and the lateral rectrices cinnamon rufous. Wing 56-58; tail 60-64; bill 11-12.5. Material. — The type from Cordoba; Ocampo 3, Mocovi, Santa F£ 2; Puerto Vermejo, Terr, del Chaco i ; La Soledad, Entrerios i ; Pacheco, Prov. Buenos Aires i. b The bird recorded from Buenos Aires (P. ruber DURNFORD Ibis, 1876, p. 161 ; 1877, p. 183) might have belonged to P. sibilatrix. The specimens appear to be lost. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 163 Placellodomus ruber SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Mojos (ex D'ORBIGNY). Phacelodomus ruber SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 80, 1890 — Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 112, 1893 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, Noi 292, p. 20, 1897 — San Lorenzo, Prov. Jujuy; LILLO, Revist. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 53, 1905 — environs of Tucumdn city; IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 (range); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Pedrodo Ernesto, near Tapeira, Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 300, 1910 — Tucumdn, Jujuy, Chaco; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 528 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 133 — Colonia Mihano- vitch, Terr. Formosa; Bellavista, Corrientes. Phacellodomus rufipennis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Bolivia (type in British Museum examined). Phacelodomus rufipennis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 83, pi. 5, 1890 — Bolivia; Chapada, Matto Grosso; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso. Phacellodomus ruber rubicola CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 186, 1916 — San Lorenzo River, Matto Grosso (type in American Museum N. H. exam- ined). Phacellodomus striaticollis (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — Lower Pilcomayo, Fortin Donovan; idem, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Villa Concepcion, Paraguay; Paraguayan Chaco. Range: Interior of Brazil, in states of Bahia (Barra, Pedro do Ernesto, near Tapeira, Rio Sao Francisco), Minas Geraes (Paracatii, Tolda creek), Goyaz (Nos Puritis, Rio Araguay), and Matto Grosso (Cuyabd, Chapada, Corumba, Urucum, San Lorenzo River, San Luis de Caceres); eastern Bolivia (plains of Moxos); Paraguay (Ytafiu, Sapucay, Bernalcue, Concepcion, etc.); northern Argentina, in prov- inces of Corrientes, Santa Fe", Tucuman, and Jujuy*. 4: Argentina, Prov. Tucuman (Tucuman i, Monteagudo i); Bolivia (Buenavista 2). • With more than thirty specimens from Matto Grosso, Paraguay, and the Argentine Chaco before me I am unable to make out any local races. The type of P. ruber rubicola CHERRIE is an exceptionally bright colored example with the back very nearly as rufous as the wings, but a small series from Cuyaba, not far from the type locality, tends to show that it merely represents the extreme of individual varia- tion to which P. ruber is subject. While three of the specimens are nowise different from Paraguayan birds, one adult female (Vienna Museum No. 19560, August 9, 1824) shows a slight cinnamomeous tinge above, and two others (Vienna Museum No. 19652, male, Oct. 8, 1824; No. 19651, female, Oct. 8, 1823) closely approach the type of rubicola, by having the upper back strongly suffused with cinnamon rufous. The same variation occurs among Bolivian birds, the type of P. rufipennis, being an ordinary brown backed example like others from Paraguay and Santa F£, while D'Orbigny's Moxos specimen is almost uniform rufous above, like the type of rubicola. This difference appears to be purely indivial and not due to age, as I was once inclined to believe. The few specimens seen from Paracatu (Minas), near Tapeira (Bahia), and Goyaz (Rio Araguay) seem to be similar to others from Para- guay and Argentina. 164 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Phacellodomus striaticollis striaticollis (Lajresnaye and D'Orbigny). RUFOUS-HEADED THORN-BIRD. Anumbius striaticollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 18, 1838 — Buenos Aires (type in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Amer. merid., Ois., p. 255, 1839 — Buenos Aires; Monte- video, Maldonado, Uruguay; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 125, 1859 — Curytiba (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Curytiba, State of Parana, Brazil (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Anumbius ruber (not of VIEILLOT) GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 80, 1839 — Maldonado, Uruguay. Phacettodomus ruber (errore) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — near Parana, Entrerios (spec, in British Museum examined) ; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Parana"; STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 265, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting habits); BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 210, 1883 — Concepcion, Entreriosb; GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paysandu, Uru- guay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 194, 1888 (Argentina). Placettodomus ruber SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1868, p. 141 — Conchi- tas, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined). Placettodomus frontalis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) DURNFORD, Ibis, 1876, p. 161 — neighborhood of Buenos Aires, breeding (spec, in Brit. Museum examined). Phacellodomus frontalis DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 183 — Belgrano, Prov. Buenos Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined8); WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612 — Punta Lara, near Buenos Aires (spec, in Brit. Museum examined). Placettodomus sincipitalis (nqt of CABANIS) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 — La Plata. Pkacelodomus sincipitalis MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B. Aires for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires. Phacellodomus striaticollis SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 194, 1888 — Uruguay, Buenos Aires (ex D'ORBIGNY); WITHINGTON, Ibis, 1888, p. 467 — Lomas de Zamora, Prov. B. Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 183 — Uruguay; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 86, 1906 — Buenos Aires, Montevideo; HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 392, 1916 — La Plata; GIBSON, Ibis, 1918, p. 414 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires. Phacelodomus striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — part, spec, a-n, Uruguay, Parana, Prov. Buenos Aires; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — part, Rosario de Santa Fe"; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 (part, excl. Rio Pilcomayo and Chaco); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 133 — Cape San Antonio, Los Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. B. Aires. Phacellodomus striaticollis striaticollis HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, B Whether its range actually extends as far west as Cordoba, as Burmeister asserts, requires confirmation. *• See ALLEN, Auk, 6, p. 269, 1889 (crit.). c The small bird, with paler under parts, from Baradero, mentioned by Durn- ford, very likely pertained to P. sibilatrix. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 165 p. 216, 1919 — Pacheco, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range). Phaceloscenus striaticollis TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, San Isidro, Prov. B. Aires. Phaceloscenus striaticollis striaticollis DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 168, 1918 — Id. Martin Garcia; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. B. Aires for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Buenos Aires. Range: Eastern Argentina, in provinces of Santa Fe (Rosario, Ocampo), Entrerios, and Buenos Aires, south to Cape San Antonio; Uruguay; southeastern Brazil, in State of Parana (Curytiba)". i: Argentina (Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe* i). *Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus Cabamsb. SPOTTED- BREASTED THORN-BIRD. Phacellodomus maculipectus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 109, 1883 — near San Javier, Prov. Tucuman. Phacelodomus striaticollis (not of LAFRESNAVE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 82, 1890 — part, spec, o-p, Tucuman; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 19, 1897 — part, Lesser, Prov. Salta. Phacelodomus maculipectus LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — • Cumbre de la Hoyada; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 53, 1905 — La Hoyada; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 — La Hoyada. Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 216, 1909 — Norco, Villa Nougues, Prov. Tucuman; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 (range). Range: Northwestern Argentina (in provinces of Tucuman and Salta), and eastern Bolivia (Samaipata, Valle Grande)0, i: Argentina (Cuesta Manfama, Prov. Tucuman i). *Phacellodomus dorsalis Salvin*. CHESTNUT-BACKED THORN-BIRD. Phacelodomus dorsalis SALVIN, Nov. Zool., 2, p. 14, 1895 — "Malea" =Malca, near Cajabamba, Peru (type in British Museum examined). a Birds from Santa Fe (Ocampo), Entrerios, and Uruguay agree with others from Buenos Aires. Two specimens, obtained by Natterer at Curytiba, Brazil, are darker above, while the shafts of the feathers on the hind neck are thickened and slightly glossy. Fourteen specimens examined. b Phacellodomus striaticollis maculipectus CABANIS: Similar to P. s. striaticollis, but crown brighter rufous, with conspicuous whitish shaft streaks to the frontal feathers; basal portion of quills, and lateral rectrices deeper rufous; cheeks and malar region variegated with light rufous, instead of being plain creamy white; chest deeper rufous, conspicuously tipped with white; flanks darker buff; upper parts much deeper brown; size somewhat smaller. Wing (six males) 60-63.5, (one female) 59; tail 76-85; bill 13-14.5. 0 Three adult males from Bolivia (Valle Grande, Samaipata) agree in every re- spect with three from .Tucuman. d Phacellodomus dorsalis SALVIN: This exceedingly distinct species is obviously most nearly related to P. s. maculipectus which it resembles in coloration and mark- 1 66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Northern Peru, in Dept. Cajamarca (Malca; Hacienda Limon, west of Balsas). 4: Peru (Hacienda Limon, ten miles west of Balsas 4). ( Genus SIPTORNIS Reichenbach*. Siptornis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Ornith., Sittinae, p. 171, 1853 — type by monotypy Siptornis flamulata (sic) REICHENBACH (not Sittasomus flammu- latus LESSON) =Synallaxis striaticottis LAFRESNAYE. Siptornis striaticollis (Lafresnaye) . STRIPED-NECKED SPINE-TAIL. Synnalaxis (sic) striaticollis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 6, p. 290, 1843 — "Colom- bie"=Bogotd. Siptornis flamulata (sic) (not Sittasomus flammulatus LESSON) REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Sittinae, p. 171, pi. DXIb = DCI, 1853 — Colombia. Synallaxis striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1874, p. 19 — Bogotd; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogotd. Siptornis striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 61, 1890 — Bogota; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 407, 1917 — La Palma and Fusu- gasuga, Colombia. Range: Subtropical Zone of eastern Colombia (slopes above Mag- dalena Valley), and Ecuador (Mapoto)b. Genus XENERPESTES Berlepsch«. Xenerpestes BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) 4, p. 54, 1886 — type by orig. desig. Xenerpestes minlosi BERLEPSCH. Xenerpestes minlosi Berlepsch. DOUBLE-BANDED SOFT-TAIL. Xenerpestes minlosi BERLEPSCH, Ibis, (5) 4, p. 54, pi. 4, 1886 — Bucaramanga, ings of chest; but is immediately recognizable by its much larger size, much longer as well as differently shaped bill, unifom rufous tail, and by the compact cinnamon rufous area occupying the entire upper back, besides several minor char- acters. Wing 71-75; tail 96-99; bill 19-21.5. 8 The genus Siptornis appears to be monotypic. It differs from Cranioleuca and Asthenes by its strikingly small, terminally much compressed bill, and exceed- ingly short tail (barely more than two-thirds as long as wing), composed of twelve, slightly pointed rectrices with soft shafts. b A single female from Mapoto merely differs from Bogota skins by more gray- ish belly, and the buff tinge of the terminal portion of the superciliary stripe. Wing 63; tail 48.5; bill ii. 0 Xenerpestes is so closely related to Metopothrix that the propriety of its generic separation may well be questioned. In fact, the only difference I am able to discover consists of the slightly less graduated tail and the apically more rounded (less pointed) rectrices. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 167 Santander, Colombia (type in Berlepsch Collection examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 73, 1890 — Bucaramanga. Range : Tropical Zone of Colombia (Bucaramanga, and El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, Santander; Malagita, Choco), and eastern Panama (Tacar- cuna)». Xenerpestes singularis (Taczanowski and Berkpscti)b. EQUATORIAL SOFT-TAIL. Synallaxis singularis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96, pi. 7, fig. 2 — Mapoto, Prov. Ambato, 7,000 ft. alt., Ecuador (type in Warsaw Museum examined). Xenerpestes singularis BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1903, p. 106, 108 (crit.). Range : Eastern Ecuador (Mapoto) . Genus METOPOTHRIX Sclater and Salvin0. Metopothrix SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 190 — type by mono- typy Metopothrix aurantiacus SCLATER and SALVIN. Metopothrix aurantiacus Sclater and Salvin. ORANGE-FRONTED SOFT- TAIL. Metopothrix aurantiacus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 190, pi. 18 — Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Peru (type in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 283 — Sarayacu, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 348, 1884 — Sarayacu; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 14, p. 292, 1888 — Sarayacu Samiria (Maranon), Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; BERLEPSCH, Ibis, 1903, p. 108 — Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, Colombia (crit.) (spec, examined); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat., 19, p. 82, 1906 — Sarayacu, Peru' (crit.). Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo) through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) south to eastern a Material examined. — Bucaramanga (the type) i, El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, Santander 2 (Carnegie Museum), Malagita, Choc6 i (Carnegie Museum); Tacar- cuna, eastern Panama i (American Museum of Natural History, New York). b Xenerpestes singularis (TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) : Differs chiefly from X. minlosi by rufous (instead of blackish, white streaked) forehead; distinct rufous streaks on anterior portion of crown; more olivaceous (less grayish) back, tail, and wings; dingy buff under parts, with conspicuous blackish streaks, becoming evanes- cent on the abdomen; decidedly buff under tail-coverts; finally by the white edges to the median and greater upper wing-coverts being barely suggested. Wing (one male, the type) 59.5 ; tail 52 ; bill 10. "In concordance with the late Count Berlepsch's view (see Ibis, 1903, p. 108), the genera Metopothrix and Xenerpestes are included among the Furnariidae. While I admit that certain structural details point to affinities to the Synallaxinae, the aberrant style of coloration suggests the desirability of further investigation of their systematic position. 1 68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Peru (Samiria, Rio Marafion; Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali), and western Brazil (Hyutanahan, Rio Purus)*. Genus ANUMBIUS Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny. Anumbius LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 17, 1838 — type by tautonomy Anumbius anthoides LAFRESNAYE and D'OR- BIGNY = Furnarius annumbi VIEILLOT. Sphenopyga CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 338, 1847 — type Furnarius an- numbi VIEILLOT. *Anumbius annumbi ( Vieilloi). FIREWOOD GATHERER. Furnarius annumbi VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. £d., 12, p. 117, 1817 — based on Azara No. 222: "Anumbi", Paraguay. Anthus acuticaudatus LESSON, Traits d'Orn., p. 424, 1831 — no locality given. Anumbius anthoides LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 17, 1838 — Corrientes, Argentina (type in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voy. Amer. mend., Ois., p. 252, 1839 — banks of the Rio Negro; Bay of San Bias; Montevideo, Maldonado, Uruguay; Corrientes. Synallaxis major GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 76, pi. 22, 1839 — Maldon- ado, Uruguay. Anumbius acuticaudatus BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Parand, idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Paranab; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 141 — Conchitas, Prov. Buenos Aires; PELZELN, Sit- zungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 124, 1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 38, 1868 — Faz. do Rio Verde, ItararS (S. Paulo) Jaguaraiba, Curytiba (Parana), Beiraba legitima, near Uberaba (Minas Geraes); STERNBERG, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 265, 1869 — Buenos Aires (nesting habits); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren., 1870, p. 381 — Beiraba, Minas; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 181 — Buenos Aires (habits); DOERING in Roca, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, I, Zool., p. 48, 1881 — Carhue', Nueva Roma, Prov. Buenos Aires; valleys of the Rio Colorado and Rio Negro; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612 — Salto and Flores (Buenos Aires), Misiones; BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 211, 1883 — Conception, Entrerios (nest- ing habits); GIBSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 281 — Paisandu, Uruguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith., i, p. 189 — Argentina (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 75, 1890 — Uruguay, Buenos Aires, Parana, Corrientes, Chubut; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba; FRENZEL, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 123, 1891 — Cordoba; HOLLAND, Ibis, "Material examined. — Colombia: Cuembi, Rio Putumayo i. Peru: Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali 2. Brazil: Hyutanahan, Rio Purvis 3. b Burmeister expressly states that the species is not found either in the west (near Mendoza) or in the north (at Tucumdn). His remarks appear to have been misunderstood by the several authors quoting Burmeister as authority for its occur- rence at Mendoza (SCLATER and HUDSON, Argent. Orn., i, p. 189; DABBENE, Anal. Mus.^Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 299; REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, 1906, p. 33). 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 169 1890, p. 425; 1892, p. 202 — Est. Espartillar, Prov. B. Aires; APLIN, I.e., 1894, p. 183 — Uruguay; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Paraguari, Villa Rica, Paraguay; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 224, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Sao Lourenco, Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do Sul; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 132 — Los Ynglases, Aj6, Prov. Buenos Aires; GIBSON, I.e., 1918, p. 412 — Cape San Antonio, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits). Anumbius anumbi BERG, Communic. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, i, No. 8, p. 286, 1901 (nomencl.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 82, 1916 — Corrientes; Cascambre, S. Paulo; Maldonado, Uruguay; Rio Negro, Patagonia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 236, 1907 — Itarare', (S. Paulo), Paranagua ("Sta. Catharina"= Parana), Buenos Aires; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 215, 1919 — Flores, Barracas al Sud, Tigre, Prov. B. Aires; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 299, 1910 (range in Argentina); idem, I.e., 23, p. 309, 1912 — Itape'-Mini, near Villa Rica, Paraguay (crit.); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 527 — Sapucay, Paraguay (egg. descr.); HUSSEY, Auk, 33, p. 391, 1916 — La Plata; MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 — Curuzu Cuatia, Prov. Corrientes; DABBENE, I.e., p. 167 — Isl. Martin Garcia; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay; RENARD, I.e., p. 59 — Canuelas, B. Aires; DAGUERRE, I.e., p. 268, 1920 — Rosas, Prov. B. Aires; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1921 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; PEREYRA, I.e., 3, p. 167, 1923 — Zelaya, Prov. B. Aires; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 611, 1924 — prov. Buenos Aires and Entrerios. Anumbius annumbi OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay. Anumbius anthoides CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 528 — Uruguay, Buenos Aires. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from western Minas Geraes (Uber- aba, Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and Sao Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul ; Uruguay; Paraguay; eastern Argentina, in provinces of Cordoba, Santa Fe", Corrientes, Entrerios, Misiones, and Buenos Aires, south to the Rio Negro and (according to Durnford) even to the lower Chubut". 21 : Argentina (Noetinger, near Marco Paz, Prov. Cordoba 16; Est. La Maria Luisa, Bonifacio 2, Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires i; Las Rosas, Prov. Santa F£ 2). 8 Careful comparison of over forty skins from various parts of the range (Agua Suja, Minas Geraes 7, Sao Paulo 5, Parand 3, Sao Lourengo, Rio Grande do Sul i, Corrientes i, Prov. Cordoba 16, Prov. Buenos Aires 7, Paraguay i, Uruguay i, Rio Negro 2) fails to reveal any racial differences, so far as coloration is concerned. Birds in freshly molted plumage are more brownish above and deep buff underneath. In abraded condition the upper parts have a more grayish tone while the under sur- face becomes dingy whitish. While some Brazilian examples are remarkably large, their wing measurement attaining 88 or 89 mm., the majority do not differ in size from Paraguayan and Argentina birds, the largest of which have the wing as long as 85 mm. This difference appears to be too insignificant to warrant the recogni- tion of a Brazilian race. Birds from Maldonado (major GOULD) and Corrientes (anthoides) are obviously inseparable from typical annumbi of Paraguay. 170 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Subfamily MARGARORNINITHINAE. Genus MARGARORNIS Reichenbach. Margarornis REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 179, August 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Sittasomus perlatus LESSON. Anabasitta LAFRESNAYE", Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 492, Nov. 1853 — type Ana- bates squamiger LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY. *Margarornis squamigera squamigera (Lafresnaye and D'0rbigny).b SPOTTED MARGARORNIS. Anabates squamiger LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, p. 14, 1838 — Ayupaya, Bolivia (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cambridge examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Amdr. me'rid., Ois., p. 369, pi. 54, fig. 2, 1847 — near Palca, Prov. Ayupaya, Bolivia. Anabasitta squamigera LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 492, 1853 — part, Bolivia. Margarornis squamigera SAL VIN, Ibis, 1874, p. 322 (noteon type in coll. Boston Soc. N. Hist.); SCLATER and SAL VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Palca, Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 121, 1890 — Tilotilo, Bolivia. Range: Western Bolivia (Palca, Cocapata, Cillutincara, Sandil- jani, Unduavi, Tilotilo) , and extreme southeastern Peru (Carabaya Mts.) . i: Peru (Limbani, Carabaya i). *Margarornis squamigera peruviana Cory. PERUVIAN SPOTTED MAR- GARORNIS. Margarornis perlata peruviana CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 291, 1913 — Tambo Ventija, ten miles east of Molinopampa, Dept. Ama- zonas, Peru. a In Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., i, p. 41 1, 1841, where it first appeared in print, Ana- basitta is a nomen nudum. b Margarornis squamigera squamigera (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY:) Differs from M. s. peruviana by deeper yellow superciliaries; almost unstreaked and brighter yellow sides of head, with the upper portion of the auriculars more rufous brown; deeper yellow under parts, and especially by having the crown chestnut rufous like the back, instead of rufescent or olive brown. A single adult female from Limbani, Peru agrees well with the average of twelve Bolivian specimens. 0 Margarornis squamigera peruviana CORY: Similar to M. s. perlata, but super- ciliaries, malar region, and under parts much more yellowish. This form, although closely allied to, seems fairly separable from M. s. perlata. In a series of seventeen Peruvian skins only two (females from Panao Mts.) are, underneath, hardly distinguishable from the most yellowish Colombian specimens, yet their superciliaries are decidedly brighter yellow. Besides our own material, I have examined an immature bird from Maraynioc (Culumachay), male and female from Torontoy, and an adult female from Cedrobamba, in the U. S. National Mu- seum. The latter do not show any variation in the direction of M. s. squamigera. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 171 Margarornis squamigera (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 — Maraynioc; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 201 — Cutervo; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Tamiapampa. Margarornis perlatus (not of LESSON) TACZANOWSKi.Orn. Per., 2, p. 164, 1884 — Maraynioc, Cutervo, Tamiapampa. Margarornis perlata BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 Maraynioc (spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Cedrobamba, above Torontoy, Urubamba region (spec, examined). Range: Temperate Zone of Peru, from depts. Amazonas and Caja- marca south to Junin and Cuzco (Urubamba region). 13: Peru (Tambo Ventija, near Molinopampa 7, Panao Mts., Huanuco 6). *Margarornis squamigera perlata (Lesson). LESSON'S SPOTTED MAR- GARORNIS. Sittasomus perlatus LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 12, p. 275, Aug. n, 1844 — Colombia. Margarornis squamigera (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 553, 1858 — Titiacun, Pin- ipi, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 66 — Chillanes; I.e., p. 88 — above Puellaro; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 160, 1862 — Bogota, Titiacun; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Paramos of M£rida, Venezuela. Margarornis perlata SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 323 — Bogota (crit.); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena (egg descr.); BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Chaguarpata; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — Banos; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 121, 1890 — Sierra of Merida, Bogotd, Santa Elena, Medellin, Titiacun, Sical; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 24, 1899 — Pun, El Troye (Huaca), Chaupi, Frutillas, Papallacta; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Pichincha, Papallacta; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — Cerro Munchique, Almaguer, Valle de las Pappas, Laguneta, Santa Isabel, El Pinon, Colombia; L6NNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — above Lloa. Range: Temperate Zone of the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia (ex- cept Santa Marta Mountains), and western Venezuela (Sierra of Me*r- ida)». 15: Colombia (Bogotd 5, Almaguer 2); Venezuela, Andes of Me*r- ida (Escorial 2, Conejos i, Nevados 2, Culata 2); Ecuador (unspeci- fied i). Margarornis bellulus Nelson*. BEAUTIFUL MARGARORNIS. Margarornis bellulus NELSON, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 60, No. 3, p. 12, Sept. 1912 — a Birds from the Andes of Merida agree with those from Colombia whence I have examined numerous specimens taken in all three ranges. Two skins from Ecuador do not appear to be different either. b Margarornis bellulus NELSON: Allied to M. s. perlata, but quite different by having the top of the head bister brown, and the back including the wing-coverts 172 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Mount Pirri, near head of Rio Limon, Panama (type examined). Range: Eastern Panama (Mount Pirri). Margarornis stellata Sclater and Salvin*. FULVOUS-SPOTTED MAR- GARORNIS. Margarornis stellata SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 160, 1873 — Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 122 — Quito, Ecuador; GOOD- FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Intag, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — N6vita Trail, San Antonio, Colombia. Range: Western Ecuador (Intag), and western Colombia (N6vita Trail, San Antonio). *Margarornis rubiginosa rubiginosa Lawrence. COSTA RICAN MAR- GARORNIS. Margarornis rubiginosa LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 128, 1867 — San JosS, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 122, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, San Jose1, Irazti, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centrali-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 170, pi. 47, fig. i, 1891 — part, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 646, 1910 — Costa Rica (hab- its); FERRY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Coliblanco and Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 178, 1911 — part, Costa Rica and western Panama (Volcan de Chir- iqui). Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Chiriqui (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui). 13: Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba 6, Coliblanco 3, El Roble, Irazu i, La Carpintera i, unspecified 2). Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni Griscom*. VERAGUA MARGARORNIS. Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 141, p. 4, Oct. 1924 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama. burnt umber (instead of chestnut rufous) ; the upper tail-coverts, rectrices, tertials, and outer web of quills much deeper chestnut ; the superciliary streak decidedly buff, not yellowish white; under parts as in its ally, but the yellowish spots much smaller; the band across inner web of quills much deeper, ochraceous rather than buff ; size some- what smaller; bill longer. Wing 72-78; tail 68-75; bill 13-14. Six specimens from the type locality examined. a We are not acquainted with this species which is probably but a southern race of M . rubiginosa. b Margarornis rubiginosa boultoni GRISCOM: "Similar to M. r. rubiginosa, but slightly darker above; superciliary stripe deeper buff; much more deeply and richly colored below, the chest rufous cinnamon deepening into rufous chestnut laterally and on under tail-coverts, instead of buffy cinnamon changing to rufous cinnamon; the spots of pale buff on the chest greatly reduced in size, minute, not at all obvious, and present in a greatly reduced area." (GRISCOM, I.e.). I am not acquainted with this form. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 173 Margarornis rubiginosa (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 122, 1890 — part, spec, f, from Calobre, Veragua; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 170, 1891 — part, Calobre, Veragua; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 178, 1911 — part, Calobre. Range: Highlands of eastern Chiriqui and Veragua, Panama. Genus PREMNORNIS Ridgway. Premnornis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 71, 1909 — type Margarornis guttata LAWRENCE = Thripophaga guttuligera SCLATER. Premnornis guttuligera (Sdater). SPOTTED TREE-RUNNER. Thripophaga guttuligera SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 167 — "in Nova Gran- ada interiore" = Bogota (type in British Museum examined; =adult); BER- LEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 84, 1890 — Bogota. Margarornis guttata LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 128, 1867 — Quito, Ecuador (type examined; =juv.); SALVIN, Ibis, 1874, P- 3*6 (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 123, 1890 — Medellin, Bogota (spec, exam- ined); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Niebli, Ecuador (spec, examined); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — "Pichincha", Papallacta (spec, examined). Premnornis guttata CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 146, 1917 — San Antonio, La Candela, La Palma, Aguadita, near Bogota, Colombia; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Idma, Peru. Premnornis guttuligera HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, No. 4, p. 284, 1920 — Bogota, Medellin, Colombia; Papallacta, Ecuador (crit.). Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (all three ranges), Ecuador (Niebli, Papallacta), and Peru (Idma, above Santa Ana, Urubamba Valley, Dept. Cuzco)B. Genus PREMNOPLEX Cherrie. Premnoplex CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 339, Sept. 1891 — type Mar- garornis brunnescens "LAWRENCE." "Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (Lawrence)*. COSTA RICAN PREMNOPLEX. Margarornis brunneicauda LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 130, in text, 1867 — Costa Rica. a According to Chapman. Material examined. — Colombia: Bogota n, Medellin i. Ecuador: Niebli i, Papallacta 3, "Quito" i. b Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda (LAWRENCE) : Similar to P. b. brunnes- cens, but paler and more olivaceous above; tail dark brown, not blackish; throat 174 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Margarornis brunnescens (not of SCLATER 1856) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 123, 1890 — part, spec, a-h, Costa Rica, Chitra, Calobre, Tole, Calo- vevora (Veragua), Chiriqui ; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centrali-Aineric., Aves, 2, p. 170, pi. 47, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Costa Rica to Veragua. Premnoplex brunnescens BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., I, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo and Coliblanco, Costa Rica. Premnoplex brunnescens brunneicauda BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159, 1908 — Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua (char.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie, Mus., 6, p. 647, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 181, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.); HELL- MAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Veragua (char.). Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui, Veragua). ii : Costa Rica (La Estrella de Cartago i, Volcan de Irazu 2, Guay- abo i, Coliblanco 2, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete 4). Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus Bangs*. SANTA MARTA PREM- NOPLEX. Premnoplex coloratus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 84, 1902 — San Miguel, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Premnoplex brunnescens (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. loo, 1899 — San Miguel, Chirua. Margarornis brunnescens ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 — El Libano, Las Nubes, Valparaiso. Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159, 1908 — Santa Marta Mts. (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Tagua ( = Las Taguas) (crit.); TODD and CAR- RIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 292, 1922 — Las Nubes, El Libano, Cincin- nati, San Miguel, Paramo de Mamarongo, Las Taguas, San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta, Heights of Chirua (crit.). Range: Northern Colombia (Santa Ma^rta Mountains). Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus Hellmayr and Seilernb. VENEZUE- LAN PREMNOPLEX. Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 107, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela. paler, buff rather than ochraceous; under parts more olivaceous, with the dusky margins to the light spots less pronounced. Twenty- six specimens from Costa Rica and Chiriqui examined. a Premnoplex brunnescens coloratus BANGS: Nearest to P. b. brunnescens, but much less rufous above, tail more brownish, throat slightly paler; similar also to P. b. brunneicauda, but throat deeper ochraceous, spots on lower parts brighter buff and much more heavily margined with black. Four specimens examined. b Premnoplex brunnescens rostratus HELLMAYR and SEILERN: Closely allied to P. b. coloratus, but with longer bill; top of head much darker olive, back, etc., much 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 175 Range: Northern Venezuela, in states of Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Lara (Guarico, Paramo de Rosas)8. *Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens (Sdater). SCLATER'S SPOTTED PREMNOPLEX. Margarornis brunnescens SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 27, pi. 116, 1856 — Bogota, Colombia; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 88 — Nanegal; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Huambo; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Cayandeled; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — Machay, Mapoto; TACZANOW- SKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 166, 1884 — Huambo; BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 123, 1890 — part, spec, i-n, Bogota, Frontino; Baeza, Ecuador; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Gualea; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 6 1 — Baeza (spec, examined). Premnoplex brunnescens brunnescens BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 21, p. 159, 1908 — from central and western Colombia to Peru (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 108, 1912 — Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 416, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cocal, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, La Florida, Mira- flores, Salento, La Palma, Aguadita, Buenavista, Colombia. Premnoplex brunnescens MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 44, 1911 — Santo Domingo (range in part). Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta region), Ecuador, and northern Peru (Huambo, Dept. Loreto; Huachipa, Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco)b. 5: Colombia (Bogota i Cocal i, La Florida i); Peru (Huachipa i, Vista Alegre i). Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus (Berlepsck)0. BOLIVIAN PREM- NOPLEX. Margarornis stictonota BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 49, p. 95, 1901 — Chaco, Yungas of La Paz (type), Locotol, Prov. Cochabamba (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 114, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata, Peru. deeper rufous brown, tail blackish. Wing 59-64; tail 56-62; bill 16.5-18. Ten speci- mens from the type locality examined. a The recently described P. tatei CHAPMAN (Amer. Mus. Novit., 191, p. 7, Oct. 1925) from Mt. Turumiquiri, n. e. Venezuela, characterized by ivory white under parts and streaked nape, is probably another race of this group. b The Peruvian specimens agree with a series from more northern localities. Material. — Bogota 3, Cocal i, La Florida i, "Quito" 2, Rio Pastaza (El Topo, Alpayacu) 3, Baeza i, Paramba, Prov. Esmeraldas 2, Peru 2. 0 Premnoplex brunnescens stictonotus (BERLEPSCH) : Differs from P. b. brunnescens by having the upper back marked with distinct buff shaft streaks, the buff spots on the belly larger, and the ochraceous mesial stripes on the under tail-coverts much broader. Wing 60-62; tail 61; bill 14. Three specimens, including the type, from Bolivia examined. 176 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba) and southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco). Subfamily PHILYDORINAE. Genus PSEUDOCOLAPTES Reichenbach. Pseudocolaptes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 209, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Anabates auritus LICHTENSTEIN. Otipne CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 30, 1859 — type by monotypy Anabates boissonneautii LAFRESNAYE. *Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii lawrencii Ridgway*. LAWRENCE'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., i, p. 253, 254, Dec. 1878 — Navarro and La Palma, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 153, 1891 — part, Navarro, La Palma, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 — Boquete, Volcan de Chir- iqui; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 83, 1906 (crit., type of P. costaricensis = juv.) ; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 637, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 197, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.). Pseudocolaptes costaricensis BOUCARD, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 5, p. 230, 1880 — Navarro, Costa Rica (type examined). Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 59 — Navarro, Costa Rica. Pseudocolaptes lawrencei FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 2 70, 1910 — Volcan de Turrialba. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii lawrencii HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 99, 1912 (crit.). Range: Highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui). 4: Costa Rica (Volcan de Turrialba 2, Irazii 2). Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii panamensis Griscomb. PANAMA PSEU- DOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii panamensis GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 141, p. 4, Oct. 1924 — Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui, Panama. 8 Though readily distinguishable, besides some minor characters, by the deep buff neck tufts and black outer web of the primaries, this is nothing but a northern representative of P. boissonneautii. b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii panamensis GRISCOM: "Similar to P. b. lawrencii, but mesial streaks on hind neck and upper back lighter and burner, less tawny; 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 177 Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 192 — Cordillera del Chucu, Veragua. Pseudocolaptes lawrencii (not of RIDGWAY) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 79, 1890 — Cordillera del Chucu, Calobre, Veragua; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 153, 1891 — part, Veragua. Range: Western Panama (Cerro Flores, eastern Chiriqui; Cordil- lera del Chucu, Calobre, Veraguas). Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps Hellmayr and Seilern*. VENEZUELAN PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 97, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo. Otipne boissoneaui (not of LAFRESNAYE) CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 30, 1859 — Caracas. Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890 — part, spec, j, k, Venezuela (spec, examined). Range : Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela, in State of Cara- bobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Silla de Caracas, Cerro del Avila). *Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae Hartert and Goodsonb. MER- IDA PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 499, Dec. 1917 — El Valle, M6rida. back, scapulars, and secondaries more olivaceous, less tawny brown, abruptly con- trasted with the rufous tawny rump; subauricular tuft paler buff; flanks browner, less cinnamon; thighs distinctly less cinnamon than flanks; bill shorter and deeper, with maxilla distinctly decurved." (GRISCOM, I.e.). This race which we have not seen, by its less tawny coloration, appears to form the transition to the South American representatives. a Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii striaticeps HELLMAYR and SEILERN: Differs from P. b. boissonneautii by the streaks of the pileum being much broader and deeper in tone, more fulvous brown; the upper back brighter cinnamomeous, the light spots narrower and without blackish margins; the superciliary stripe deeper ochraceous buff and much more pronounced; malar region, throat, and foreneck tinged with pale sulphur yellow instead of almost pure white. Wing (four males) 105-112, (five females) 97-103; tail (male) 91-100, (female) 88-95; bill (male) 21-22, (female) 25-26.5. Material. — Cumbre de Valencia 5, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 2, Silla de Caracas 2. b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii meridae HARTERT and GOODSON: Similar to P. b. boissonneautii in markings of head and back, but malar region, throat and fore- neck tinged with pale sulphur yellow (as in P. b. striaticeps) and squamate markings on chest much less pronounced than in either; superciliary streak slightly darker than in the typical race. Wing (males) 105-110, (females) 96-103; tail (male) 96- 103, (female) 94-97; bill (male) 20-21, (female) 25-28.5. Material. — Andes of Me"rida: Valle 4, Escorial 5, Culata i, Rio Mucujon 2, Paramo de Tama 3. 178 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Pseiulocolaptes boissoneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Sierra Nevada of Merida; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., IS» P- ?8, 1890 — part, spec, h, i, Sierra of M&ida. Range: Western Venezuela (Andes of Merida, west to the Par- amo de Tama, on the Colombian line). 8: Venezuela (Escorial 2, Culata i, Rio Mucujon 2, Paramo de Tama 3). *Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii (Lafresnaye) . Bois- SONNEAU'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Anabates Boissonneautii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 104, 1840 — Santa Fe" de Bogota, Colombia. Pseudocolaptes semicinnamomeus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 210, 1853 — Santa F6 de Bogota. Pseudocolaptes boissoneautii oberholseri CORY, Auk, 36, p. 275, 1919 — Quito, Ecuador. Anabates boissoneaui SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 141, 1855 — Bogota. Pseudocolaptes boissoneauti* SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 88 — Puellaro, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 156, 1862 — Bogota, Puellaro; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 521 — Frontino, Santa Elena, Antioquia; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; idem and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 299 — La Union, Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, 1-p, Medellin, Santa Elena, Bogota; Puellaro, Quito, San Lucas, Ecuador; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — part, Huaca, Nanegal, Pela- gallo, Gualea, Frutillas, Chaupi, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 60 — Pichincha, Coraz6n, Valle de Viciosa, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. G6ogr. Mes. Arc MeYid. Equat., 9, p. B 41, 1911 — Nono, Gualea; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — part, above Mindo, road to Nanegal, road to Gualea. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii boissonneautii CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 408, 1917 — La Florida, Cerro Munchique, Almaguer, western Andes; Santa Elena, Santa Isabel, Laguneta, La Candela, central Andes; El Roble, near Bogota, eastern Andes. Range : Andes of Colombia, and western Ecuador (except Prov. of Loja in the extreme south)b. 4: Colombia (Bogota 2, La Florida, Cauca i, coast range west of Popayan i). a Variously spelled boissoneauti, boissoneautii, boissonneauti, boissonneautii, boissoneaui and boissonneaui. b It appears to me impossible to maintain the distinction of the form oberholseri. Although some of the birds from western Ecuador (Quito, Pichincha) have very dark rufous tails, a good many are quite indistinguishable from Colombian specimens which, moreover, exhibit much individual variation in this respect. Material. — Bogota 14, west of Popayan 5, Santa Elena 2, Quito 8, Pichincha 3. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 179 Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii johnsoni Ldnnberg and Rendahl*. JOHNSON'S PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes johnsoni LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — Baeza, road to Napo, Ecuador. Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96 — San Rafael, east side of Tunguragua; SALVADORI and FESTA, 'Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 22, 1899 — part, Pun. Pseudocolaptes boissoneaui LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 69, 1922 — part, below Papallacta. Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti johnsoni CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 14, 1923 — Baeza, below Papallacta. Range: Eastern Ecuador (Baeza, Papallacta, Bafios, San Rafael, Pun). Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus Chapman*. INTERMED- IATE PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 14, Aug. 1923 — El Tambo, western Andes, Dept. Piura, Peru. Range: Andes of southern Ecuador (Alamor Range, Zaruma- Zaraguro Trail, Prov. Loja), and northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura). *Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus Hellmayr*. NORTH PERU- VIAN PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianns (err. typog.) HELLMAYR, Anz. Orn. Ges. Bay., I, p. 3, Feb. 1919 — Leimabamba, Dept. Amazonas, Peru. a Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii johnsoni LONNBERG and RENDAHL: The only appreciable difference from P. b. boissonneautii consists of the decidedly wider and deeper black squamate markings below which, instead of being confined to the chest, extend well over the foreneck and the upper abdomen. Besides, the ochraceous spots on the upper back average slightly broader, with the blackish margins more conspicuous. Tail as a rule so dark as in certain West Ecuadorian examples. Wing (males) 113-115, (females) 105-107; tail (male) 97-103, (female) 93-101; bill (male) 21-22, (female) 25-27. Two birds from below Papallacta agree with others from Baeza and Bafios and must be referred to P. b. johnsoni, if it be maintained. Material examined. — Baeza 2, below Papallacta 2, Bafios 2, "Sarayacu" i. b Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii intermedianus CHAPMAN : Very similar to P. b. johnsoni, but larger, with longer bill (not shorter, as stated in original description), and dorsal spots on average narrower and less heavily margined with black. Dif- fers from P. b. boissonneautii by larger size, longer bill, and more heavily marked breast. Wing (two males) 117-124; tail 107-109; bill 23-24. Material examined. — Taraguacocha, Zaruma-Zaraguro Trail, Ecuador i, Palam- bla, Piura, Peru i. 0 Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus HELLMAYR: Similar to P. b. auritus in pale sulphur yellowish malar region and throat (thereby immediately distinguished from the Ecuadorian and Colombian races) ; but neck tufts white (instead of yellow- i8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii medianus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, No. i, p. 129, June 1919 — Cutervo, Nancho, Leimabamba, Chachapoyas, Cumpang, Peru. Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1880, p. 200 — Cutervo (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 145, 1884 — part, Cutervo, Nancho; MENEGAUX, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., i, No. 20, p. 322, 1910 — Cumpang, n.e. of Leimabamba; HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 500, 1917 — Leimabamba. Pseudocolaptes boissonneaui fiavescens BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — part, Cutervo. Range: Northern Peru, in depts. Cajamarca, Amazonas, Libertad, and Huanuco. i: Peru (Panao Mts., Huanuco i). Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus (Tschudi)*. YELLOW-TUFTED PSEUDOCOLAPTES. Auabates auritus (LICHTENSTEIN MS.) TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 294, 1844 — Peru, we suggest Maraynioc, Dept. Juninb (type in Berlin Museum examined); idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 239, 1846 — Peru. Pseudocolaptes boissonneaui flavescens BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — part, type locality Maraynioc (spec, examined); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 499-500, in text, 1917 — Maraynioc and Bolivia (crit.). Pseudocolaptes boissonneauti (not of LAFRESNAYE) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond.. 1874, P- 528 — Maraynioc; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 621 — Tilotilo. Bolivia; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 145, 1884 — part, Maraynioc; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 78, 1890, part, spec, q, r, Tilotilo. Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 84, 1921 — Torontoy, Urubamba region; idem, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 15, I923 — Maraynioc, Chilpes, Junin; Torontoy, Urubamba; Santo Domingo and below Limbani, Marcapata district. ish like the throat); cinnamon rufous of rump and tail lighter; bill much longer. Wing (male) 115, (female) 107-110; tail (male) 107, (female) 99-103; bill (male) 23, (female) 26-29. An adult female from Huanuco (Panao Mts.), while otherwise identical with those from more northern localities, shows just a faint yellowish tinge on the neck-tufts, thus indicating intergradation to P. b. auritus. Material examined. — Cutervo i, Leimabamba 3, Chachapoyas i, Panao Mts. i. B Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii auritus (TSCHUDI), in addition to having the neck- tufts pale yellowish like the throat and foreneck, is characterized among its allies by the much less developed sexual difference in length and shape of the bill, the latter being but slightly longer in the females. Wing (males) m-ii8, (females) 97- 104; tail (male) 103-110, (female) 95-102; bill (male) 19-20.5, (female) 22-23.5. Material examined. — Peru: Maraynioc 3, Santo Domingo 2. Bolivia: Coca- pata 8, San Cristobal 2, Chaco 2, Pucuyuni i. b See HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 14, No. i, p. 130, footnote, 1919. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 181 Range: Andes of central and southeastern Peru (in depts. Junin, Cuzco, and Puno), and western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz). Genus BERLEPSCHIA Ridgway. Berlepschia RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 151, July 1887 — type Pico- laptes rikeri RIDGWAY. Berlepschia rikeri (Ridgway). RIKER'S POINTED-TAIL. Picolaptes rikeri RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 523, Nov. 1886 — Diaman- tina, near Santarem, Brazil. Berlepschia rikeri SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 351, pi. n — Diamantina; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 79 — same locality; CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 26, 1891 — same locality; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Para; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 326, 1914 — Pard; HELLMAYR, Abh. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Pard; CHUBB, Bull. B. O. C., 31, P- 39. 1913 — east bank of Essequibo River near its mouth, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 101, pi. 2, 1921 — Supenaam, Camacabra Creek, Brit. Guiana. Range: Northern Brazil (Para; Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z) and British Guianaa. Genus PSEUDOSEISURA Reichenbach. Homorus (not of ALBERS 1850) REICHENBACH, Handbuch spez. Ornith., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 172, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (Gray, 1855) Homorus lophotes REICHENBACH. Pseudoseisura REICHENBACH, I.e., p. 172, 1853 — type by monotypy Anabates gutturalis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY. *Pseudoseisura cristata cristata (Spioc). CRESTED CACHALOTE. Anabates cristatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 83, pi. 84, 1824 — Malhada, Rio Sao Francisco, s. Bahia (types in Munich Museum examined); BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 26, 1856 — Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 378 — Malhada (ex SPIX), Sete Lagoas (ex BURMEISTER). Homorus cristatus SCLATER, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 15, p. 86, 1890 — part, Bahia; REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Solidade, near Carnahyba, Barra, Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia; Riacho da Raiz, near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Prov. Piauhy (spec, examined). Pseudoseisura cristata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. d'Hist. Nat., 19, p. 87, 1906 — part, spec, a-c, Bahia, Rio Sao Francisco; HELLMAYR, Abh. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 629, 1906 — Malhada, Bahia (crit.); • Two (unsexed) specimens from British Guiana agree well with an adult male from Pard, but have slightly shorter wings. 1 82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 9, p. 438, 477, 1914 — Barra, Prov. Bahia (nesting habits). Range: River banks of eastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Sete Lagoas, Rio das Velhas), Bahia (Rio Sao Francisco; Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas), and Piauhy (Ibiapaba; near Uniao, Rio Parnahyba)a. 7 : Brazil (Rio do Peixe, near Queimadas, Bahia 6 ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy i). Pseudoseisura cristate unirufa (Lajresnaye and D'0rbigny)b. WESTERN CRESTED CACHALOTE. Anabates unirufus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 16, 1838 — Moxos, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); D'OR- BIGNY, Voyage Amer. mend., Ois., p. 259, 370, pi. 55, fig. i, 1839, 1847 — Mission Magdalena, Prov. Moxos, Bolivia. Homorus galatheae LEVERKUHN, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 106, 1889 — Cuyaba, Matto Grosso (type in Berlin Museum examined). Anabates cristatus (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. Ak. Wiss. Wien, math, naturw. Kl., 34, p. 126, 1859 — Cuyaba, Villa Maria; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Cuyaba, Villa Maria [=San Luiz de Caceres], Matto Grosso (spec, examined). Homorus unirufus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Moxos (ex D'ORBIGNY). aThe localities "Rio" and "Para" as given by SCLATER (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 87) do not rest on reliable authority. b Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa (LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY): Very similar to P. c. cristata, but averaging smaller with slenderer bill ; general coloration of plumage deeper cinnamon rufous, and feathers of pileum always more or less tipped (or edged) with ashy. Having lately compared eleven specimens, including the types of Anabates uni- rufus and Homorus galatheae, with eighteen of typical cristata from eastern Brazil, I find the western race to be separable after all, although single examples are not always distinguishable. Birds from Matto Grosso (galatheae LEVERKI)HN) are in every respect similar to three from Moxos, Bolivia (unirufa). MEASUREMENTS OF ADULTS WING TAIL BILL Pseudoseisura cristata cristata One male, Malhada, Bahia 106 102 22 Four males, Rio do Peixe, Bahia 108-109 100,103,109,110 22-24 One female, Rio do Peixe, Bahia 105 100 22.5 One female, Solidade, near Joazeiro 108 105 22.5 One female, Barra, Bahia 100 102 20 One female, near Uniao, Piauhy 105 108 22 One female, Malhada, Bahia 99 100 20 Seven unsexed trade skins, Bahia loo-no 100-112 22-24.5 Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa One unsexed adult, Moxos, Bolivia 96 97 19 One male, Trinidad, Prov. Mamore', Bolivia 102 20 Three males, Matto Grosso 100,101,103 95,101,102 19.5,20,20 One female, Trinidad, Bolivia 100 103 18.5 Five females, Matto Grosso 95-97i once 100 94-100 19-20 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 183 Homorus cristatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 86, 1890 — part, spec, e, h, Corumba, Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 7, 1900 — Car- andasinho, Matto Grosso; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — Pasage de Bagre, Matto Grosso. Pseudoseisura cristata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 87, 1906 — part, spec, d, Moxos. Pseudoseisura cristata unirufa HELLMAYR, Abh. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 629, 1906 — Moxos and Matto Grosso (crit.). Range: Southwestern Brazil, in Province of Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, San Luis de Caceres, Rio San Lorenzo, Corumba, Carandasinho), and adjacent parts of eastern Bolivia (Llanos of Moxos, Trinidad). *Pseudoseisura lophotes (Reichenbach) . BROWN CACHALOTE. Homorus lophotes REICHENBACH*, Handbuch spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 172, Aug. 1853 — "Bolivia" (locality no doubt incorrect); HUDSON, Ibis, 1885, p. 283 — shores of the River Plata, Prov. Buenos Aires (habits) ; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 195, pi. 9, 1888 — Argentina (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 85, 1890 — Mendoza, Cordoba, Catamarca; Paysandu, Bella Vista, Uruguay; APLIN, Ibis, 1894, P- l%4 — Arroyo Grande, Santa Elena, Uruguay; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282 (La Rioja, Chilecito), 291 (Catamarca), 1895. Anabates cristatus (not of SPIX) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Corrientes; D'ORBIGNY, Voy. AmeY. me'rid., Ois., p. 258, 1839 — near San Lorenzo, Prov. Santa F£ (spec, examined). Anabates unirufus (not of LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY) BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 249, 1860 — Campos of Argentina; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 466, 1 86 1 — interior of Argentina, particularly near Cordoba (habits, egg descr.). Anabates lophotes BURMEISTER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 636 — Cordoba, San Luis, La Rioja (crit.); DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., I, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guay- quiraro, Corrientes; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Homorus unirufus WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 612 — Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca. Homorus lophotus BARROWS, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 212, 1883 — Concepcion del Uruguay, Entrerios (habits). Pseudosizura lophotes LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 191, 1902 — Burro- Yucu, Leales, Graneros, Prov. Tucumdn; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tuc., 3, p. 54, 1915 — same localities. ^"Anabates lophotes BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., i, p. 210, 1850 (subcristalus? SWAINSON, B. of Brazil, pi. 31) ex Buenos Aires," quoted by Reichenbach, refers to the apparently unpublished pi. 81 of Swainson's Ornith. Drawings (see SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 317, 1837), and is» consequently, a pure nomen nudum. 1 84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Pseudoseisura lophotes MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 88, 1906 — Santa F6, La Banda, Santiago; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 217, 1909 — Cosquin, Cordoba, San Juan, La Banda, San- tiago del Estero; La Soledad, Entrerios; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 301, 1910 — range in Argentina; MARELLI, El Hornero, i, p. 78, 1918 — Curuzu-Cuatid, Corrientes; RODRIGUEZ, I.e., p. 105 (habits); SANZIN, I.e., p. 150 — Alto Verde, Mendoza; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920 — Rio Negro, Paysandu, Uruguay; SERIE and SMITH, I.e., 3, p. 48, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73 — La Rioja; PEREYRA, I.e., p. 174 — Conhello, Gob. de la Pampa. Range: Western Uruguay (Dept. Soriano, Rio Negro, Paysandu), and central Argentina, from Entrerios, Corrientes, and the mouth of the La Plata west to Mendoza and San Juan, north to Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, and eastern parts of Province of Tucuman. 7: Argentina (El Carrizal, Sierra of Cordoba i, Noetinger, near Marco Paz, Prov. Cordoba 4, Chumbuha, Prov. Catamarca 2). Pseudoseisura gutturalis (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny). WHITE- THROATED CACHALOTE. Anabates gutturalis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Patagonia (types in Paris Museum examined); D'ORBIGNY, Voyage Ame"r. me"rid., Ois., p. 257, 370, pi. 55, fig. 3, 1839 — not far from the banks of the Rio Negro, Patagonia; BURMEISTER, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 250, 1860 — Mendoza; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 467, 1861 — Mendoza; DoERiNGin Roca, Inf. of. Exp. Rio Negro, i, Zool., p. 48, 1881 — between Rio Colorado and Rio Negro. Homorus gutturalis HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1872, p. 545 — Rio Negro (habits); SCLATER, I.e., p. 548,549; DURNFORD, Ibis, 1877, p. 36 — Chubut; idem, I.e., 1878, p. 396 — Chubut; HUDSON, I.e., 1885, p. 284 (habits); SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 197, 1888 — Rio Negro (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 86, 1890 — Mendoza, Rio Negro, Chubut; OUSTALET, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, Zool., 6, p. B 275, 1891 — Patagonia; KOSLOWSKY, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 282, 1895 — Chilecito, La Rioja. Pseudoseisura gutturalis MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat., 19, p. 88, 1906 — Rio Negro, Patagonia; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909, — Boca, Rio Negro; Cachi, Prov. Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 — range; REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33, 1916 — Precordillera of Mendoza; SANZIN, El Hornero, i, p. 150, 1918 — Men- doza; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — Huanuluan, Maquin- chao, Gob. del Rio Negro; GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — Chile- cito, La Rioja. Range: Argentina, in Gob. del Rio Negro and Neuquen, from the Rio Colorado south to the Chubut; also occurring sparingly in provinces of Mendoza, La Rioja (Chilecito), and even Salta (Cachi, 2500 m. alt.). 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 185 Genus HYLOCTISTES Ridgway. Hyloctistes RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 72, 1909 — type Philydor vir- gatus LAWRENCE. Hyloctistes subulatus subulatus (Spix). AMAZONIAN HYLOCTISTES. Sphenura subulata SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 82, pi. 83, fig. i, 1824 — "in sylvis flumin- is Amazonum" (type in Munich Museum examined). Ipoborus (Automolus} stictoptilus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 66, 1873 — Monter- ico, n.e. Ayacucho, Peru. Anabates melanorhynchus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo. Automolus subulatus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 158, 1862 — Rio Napo, Rio Huallaga; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Peru (nest and eggs descr.); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 149, 1884 — Chami- curos, Huallaga, Yurimaguas, Monterico, Peru (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 90, 1890 — Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Ecuador; Chamicuros, Peru; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Suno, Coca, Rio Napo (spec, exam- ined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 628, 1906 — Amazon; Cuembi, Rio Putumayo, Colombia; Coca, Ecuador (crit.); SNETH- LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 327, 1914 (descr., range). Ipoborus stictoptilus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Monterico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas. Automolus subulatus subulatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 320, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira. Hyloctistes subulatus subulatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 408, 1917 — Florencia, Rio Caqueta. Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo; Florencia, Rio Caqueta) through eastern Ecuador to Peru (Chamicuros, Yurimaguas, Dept. Loreto; Monterico, Dept. Aya- cucho), and western Brazil, east to the Rio Madeira (Calama) a. *Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis (Berlepsch and Taczanowski)*. PACI- FIC HYLOCTISTES. Automolus assimilis BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 561 — a Birds from Coca and the Rio Putumayo agree with the type and an example from the Rio Madeira, while one from Chamicuros, Peru does not appear to be dif- ferent either. I have not seen specimens from Monterico (stictoptilus CABANIS) which, according to Taczanowski, present slight differences. b Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis (BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI) : Differs from H. s. subulatus by darker, more rufescent brown back; much darker chestnut rufous rump and tail; by lacking the buff shaft streaks on crown and hindneck, only the forehead being indistinctly streaked; more olivaceous under parts, etc. Wing 80-88; tail 64-70; bill 20-22. Material. — Ecuador: Chimbo i; Prov. Esmeraldas, Paramba 3, San Javier i, Ventana i, Carondelet i. Colombia: Sipi 2, Tad6 2, Noanama i. 1 86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Chimbo, Ecuador; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Chimbo, Cach- avi (spec, examined). Automolus subulatus assimilis HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 628, 1906 — w. Ecuador (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 320, 1910 (crit.). Hyloctistes subulatus assimilis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1150 — Sipi, Noanama, Tad6, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 408, 1917 — Juntas de Tamana, N6vita, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narino), Col- ombia. Range: Pacific coast of Colombia (from the Rio San Juan south- wards), and Ecuador (south to Chimbo). i: Ecuador (Chimbo i). *Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus (Lawrence)*. STRIPED HYLOCTISTES. PUlydor virgatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 468, 1867 — Angostura, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Angostura; BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 563, Sept. 1889 (crit. on type). Automolus virgatus SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 155, 1891 — Angostura; CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 39, 1893 — Palmar, Costa Rica; BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica. " Hyloctistes virgatus CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 639, 1910 — Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 200, 1911 — Costa Rica and Panama (monog.). Automolus subulatus virgatus HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 628, 1906 — Carrillo, Costa Rica (crit.). Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 (crit.). Range: Costa Rica and Panama (Nata, Code"), i : Costa Rica (Palmar i). Hylostictes subulatus nicaraguae Miller and Griscom*. NICARAGUAN HYLOSTICTES. Hylostictes virgatus nicaraguae MILLER and GRISCOM, Amer. Mus. Novit., 159, p. 2, 1925 — Rio Grande, Nicaragua. Range: Nicaragua (Rio Grande, Pena Blanca). a Hyloctistes subulatus virgatus (LAWRENCE): Differs from H. s. assimilis by more elongated as well as slenderer bill; bright chestnut brown wings; more blackish pileum and hindneck with sharply denned, buff shaft streaks, which extend also over the upper back, etc. Wing 75-82; tail 65-71; bill 23-24. Six specimens from Costa Rica examined. b Hyloctistes subulatus nicaraguae MILLER and GRISCOM: "Similar to H. s. vir- gatus, but upper parts much darker, more blackish brown, less rufescent; inter- scapulium and back more heavily streaked, the light and dark areas on each feather more contrasted; under parts slightly darker, particularly the dark margins to the f eathers of the throat and breast, which are duskier, less olive or brown ; flanks and sides never rufescent, more olive, less tawny; culmen a little shorter (20-22 against 22-24.5)." (MILLER and GRISCOM, I.e.). We are not acquainted with this race. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 187 Genus ANCISTROPS Sclater. Ancistrops SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 157, 1862 — type by monotypy Anabates lineaticeps SCLATER = Thamnophilus strigilatus SPIX. *Ancistrops strigilatus (Spix). SPIX'S HOOK-BILL. Thamnophilus strigilatus SPIX, Av. Bras., 2, p. 26, pi. 36, fig. i, 1825 — no locality given, we suggest Rio Solimoes, Brazil (type in Munich Museum examined) ; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 78, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined). Anabates lineaticeps SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 468, 1856 — eastern Peru; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo. Ancistrops lineaticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Rio Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 750 — Xeberos, Chyavetas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 270 — lower Ucayali, Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chamicuros; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas (spec, examined); idem, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 147, 1884 — Peruvian localities. Ancistrops strigilatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 103, 1890 — Nauta, Chamicuros, Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Coca, Rio Napo (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 346, 1905 — Ri° Jurua (spec, examined); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 241, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 2, p. 657, 1906 (crit. on type); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — TeS6, Rio Solimoes; idem, I.e., 17, p. 320, 1910 — Borba, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 (descr., range); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 413, 1917 — La Morelia, Rio Caqueta. Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Rio Caqueta) through Ecuador to eastern Peru, and western Brazil, east to the Rio Madeira (Borba) a. i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis i). Genus ANABAZENOPS Lafresnaye. Anabazenops LAFRESNAYE, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat., i, livr. 8, p. 411, 1840 — type by orig. desig. "Sittine anabatoide" TEUMiNCK — Sittafusca VIEILLOT. Anabatoides DESMURS in Chenu, Encycl. Hist. Nat., 3, p. 145, 1853 — new name for Anabazenops LAFRESNAYE. Xenicopsis CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 32, 1859 — new name for Ana- bazenops LAFRESNAYE and Anabatoides DESMURS, on grounds of purism. *Anabazenops fuscus ( Vieillot}. BROWN ANABAZENOPS. Sitta fusca VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. ele'm., p. 68, 1816 — "Br6sil", we designate Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum examined). a Material examined. — Brazil: Teff6 2, Rio Jurua 2, Borba i, unspecified i. — Peru: Yurimaguas i, Puerto Bermudez i. — Ecuador: Coca, Rio Napo i. 1 88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xenops anabatoides TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 25, pi. 150, fig. 2, 1822 — "BrSsil, coll. Natterer" = Prov. Sao Paulo; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 132, 1859 — Mattodentro, Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — same localities. Sphenura albicollis LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 — Sao Paulo. Anabatoides fuscus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 24, 1856 — "Sete Lagoas", Minas Geraes; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 377 — Rio Parahyba, Rio Parahybuna, Cantagallo, Rio; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 112, 1890 — Brazil; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Hum- ming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio ; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 229, 1899 — Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo. Xenicopsis fusca CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo. Anabazenops fuscus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 94, 1906 — Ilha Grande, Porto Real, Rio; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., I, p. 244, 1907 — Ubatuba, Alto daSerra, Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 143, 1915 — Brago do Sul, Espirito Santo. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo (Victoria) and southern Minas Geraes (Marianna) south to Santa Catharina (Blumenau, Serra do Mirador). i : Brazil (Santa Catharina i). Genus XENOCTISTES Hellmayr*. Syndactyla (not Syndactylus BOITARD 1842) REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 171, 1853 — type by monotypy Xenops rufosuperciliatus LAFRESNAYE. *Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus rufosuperciliatus (Lafresnaye) . OCHRE- OUS-BROWED XENOCTISTES. Xenops rufosuperciliatus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 7, and text [p. 5,] 1832 — "Br£sil", we suggest Rio de Janeiro (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined). CiMocolaptes ochroblepharus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sit- tinae, p. 174, pi. 527, fig. 3638, 1853 — "South America". CiMocolaptes adspersus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 174, 1853 — Brazil. Anabatoides adspersus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 24, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio (spec, in Halle Museum examined). Anabates (Xenops) rufosuperciliatus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 128, 1859 — Pahor, Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo; Lanza, Curytiba, Parana (soft parts). • Xenostictes HELLMAYR, nom. nov. for Syndactyla REICHENBACH, preoccupied. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 189 Anabates rufosuperciliatus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Pahor, Matto- dentro, Ypanema, Lanza, Curytiba; idem, Nunq. otios., 2, p. 291, 1874 — Novo Friburgo. Anabazenops rufo-superciliatus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 105, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, Sao Paulo, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 227, 1899 — Ypiranga, Tiet6, Sao Paulo; idem, l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo. Xenicopsis percnopterus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 61, 1902 — Alto da Serra, Sao Paulo (type examined). Xenicopsis rufo-superciliatus rufo-superciliatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro (char.). Anabasitta rufosuperciliata MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1906 — Itatiaya. Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (not of SCLATER) MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — part, spec, c, d, Sao Paulo; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 243, 1907 — part, Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Tiete', Itatiba, Itarare" (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parand), Itati- aya, Campos do Jordao (Minas); LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, P- 35 i , *9°9 — Itatiaya. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, in states of Rio de Janeiro (and adjoining parts of Minas Geraes), Sao Paulo, and Parana*. i: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo i). Xenoctistes rufosupercil atus acritus (Oberholser)b. BUFF-BROWED XENOCTISTES. Xenicopsis acritus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 187, 1901 — Sapucay, Paraguay (type examined); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 132, 1 902 — Sapucay. a Individual variation in this form is considerable, and while typically colored examples from Rio are easily distinguishable by deep ochraceous superciliaries, Dresden brown upper parts, light tawny tail, and but faintly streaked breast, it passes so gradually into the southern X. r. acritus that it is practically impossible to draw a definite line between their ranges. Birds from Rio de Janeiro (Rio, Petropo- lis, Therezopolis, Novo Friburgo) and Minas Geraes (Campos do Jordao, Itatiaya) agree with the types kindly lent by Mr. Outram Bangs. Birds from Sao Paulo (X. percnopterus) and Parand are partly like the typical Rio birds, partly variously intermediate to acritus, having the under parts more heavily streaked and the tail darker, russet rather than tawny, and certain specimens with buff superciliaries can hardly be separated from those of Rio Grande do Sul. The tone of the upper parts varies, regardless of locality, from Dresden brown to light olivaceous, although in the southern parts of Sao Paulo (Itarare') and in Parand the olive backed type appears to predominate. Material examined. — Rio de Janeiro: Rio 3, Petropolis 2, Therezopolis, Organ Mts. 5, Novo Friburgo 2. Minas GeraSs: Campos do Jordao, Itatiaya i. Sao Paulo: Alto da Serra i, Ypanema 8, Victoria 2, Ypiranga i, Itarare1 2. Parand: Roca Nova, Serra do Mar 2, Curytiba 2. b Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus acritus (OBERHOLSER) : Very similar to X. r. rufo- superciliatus, but above paler, more greenish (less brownish) olive; superciliaries buff instead of ochraceous ; under parts more olivaceous, with the whitish mesial markings 190 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xenops rufo-superciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE 1832) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — part, Corrientes (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Anabazenops oleagineus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1883", p. 654, 1884 — part, Parana (ex CAPT. PAGE) (spec, examined); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1 06, 1890 — part, Paraguay. Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 158, 1884 — part, Uruguay; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 145, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul. Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (not of SCLATER) MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — part, spec, a, b, Corrien- tes; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 243, 1097 — part, Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul, Argentina (La Plata) ; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909 — part, Ocampo (Santa F£), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 (part); idem, I.e., 23, p. 311, 1912 — part, Paso Yuvay, Gran Potrero, Villa Rica (Paraguay), Bon- pland, Iguazu (Misiones), Ocampo (Santa Fe), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires) (crit.); MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, p. 318, 1918 — Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Paysandu, Uruguay; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obras Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 642, 1924 — Barracas al Sud, Prov. Buenos Aires. Anabazenops acritus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 530 — Sapucay, Paraguay. Range: Northeastern Argentina (in prov. of Santa Fe, Corrientes, Misiones, and Buenos Aires), Paraguay, Uruguay, and Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. "Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (Sclatery. OLEAGINOUS XENOCTISTES. Anabazenops oleagineus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., "1883", p. 654, 1884 — part, broader as well as more extended towards the abdomen; under tail-coverts less rufes- cent; tail darker; size somewhat smaller. Birds from the Argentine Parana (Capt. Page coll.) and Corrientes are per- fectly identical with the type, and so are also specimens from southern Rio Grande do Sul (Santa Maria, Camaquam, Sao Lourenco). Four skins from Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul, however, are hardly distinguishable from certain Sao Paulo birds, particularly two from Itarar6 and one from Ypiranga. Wing: Rio Grande do Sul (three males) 78, 80, 82, (four females) 71, 72, 73, 75; Sapucay, Paraguay (one male) 76; Argentina, Parana (one female) 71. Material examined. — Paraguay: Sapucay i. Argentina: Parana 2, Corrientes 2. Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara do Mundo Novo 4, Sao Lourenco i, Camaquam i, Santa Maria i. • Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus oleagineus (SCLATER) : Differs from X. r. acritus in darker olivaceous under parts, with narrower, more strongly denned whitish markings; somewhat more brownish olive upper parts, and in averaging larger. Wing (ten males) 80-84, (five females) 75-791 tail 76-82; bill 17.5-19. Material examined. — Catamarca: Sierra de Totoral 2. Tucumdn: City of Tucu- mdn i, Sarmiento 4, Tafi i, San Pablo 2. Salta: Tartagal i, Embarcacidn, Oran 3. Jujuy: Ledesma 2. Bolivia, Prov. Tarija: Yacuiva 2. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 191 Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca (type in British Museum examined) ; idem and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 198, 1888 — Catamarca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 106, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 20, 1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy), Lesser (Salta). Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca. Xenicopsis oleagineus LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi and Trancas, Prov. Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana, Criolla, Prov. Tucuman. Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus oleagineus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909 — part, Tucuman; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 (part). Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (not of TACZANOWSKI) DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 313 (in text), 1912 — Tafi Viejo, Tucuman. Range: Western Argentina, in provinces of Catamarca, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy, and adjacent portion of the Bolivian Province of Tarija (Yacuiva). 3 : Argentina (Sarmiento, Tucuman i ; Tartagal, Salta i ; Ledesma, Jujuy i). Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (Taczanowskiy. CABANIS'S XENOCTISTES. Anabazenops cabanisi TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 528 — Pumamarca, east of Junin, Peru; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 231 — Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Cococho and Achamal, Peru. Xenops rufosuperciliatus (not of LAFRESNAYE 1832) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — part, Yungas of Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Yungas (ex D'ORBIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 157, 1884 — part, Tambillo, Cococho, Chirimoto, Achamal, Ninabamba, Peru. a Xenoctistes rufosuperciliatus cabanisi (TACZANOWSKI) : Nearly allied to X. r. oleagineus, but upper parts very much darker, raw umber instead of olivaceous; wings darker; tail chestnut rather than russet; superciliaries narrower and deep ochraceous instead of buff; under parts much richer and more brownish, though similarly marked; upper and under tail coverts suffused with chestnut or rufous. From X. r. rufosuperciliatus which it resembles in the deep ochraceous superciliaries, it may easily be distinguished by its much darker (raw umber instead of Dresden brown) upper parts, chestnut instead of tawny tail, much more deeply colored under parts, with the narrower buffy mesial stripes much more conspicuous and extended down to the middle of the belly, etc. Wing (five males) 82-86, (three females) 74- 78; tail (male) 84-88, (female) 73-77; bill 17-5-19- Material examined. — Peru: Cococho, Dept. Amazonas i. Dept. Junin: Chelpes 2, Tulumayo i; Santo Domingo, Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco 2. Bolivia: Yungas i. 192 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Anabazenops rufosuperciliatus cabanisi TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 158, 1884 — Pumamarca. Xenicopsis rufosuperciliatus cabanisi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 93, 1906 — Yungas (crit.). Range: Andes of Peru (from Dept. of Amazonas south to Junin and Cuzco), and western Bolivia (Yungas). *Xenoctistes subalaris lineatus (Lawrence)*- LINEATED XENOCTISTES. Anabazenops lineatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 127, 1867 — Angostura, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Angostura, Birris, Cer- vantes, Costa Rica; BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 565, 1889 (crit. on type). Anabazenops subalaris lineatus BERLEPSCH, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 566, 1889 (diag.). Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 192 — Calovevora, Veragua; idem, Ibis, 1870, p. no — Costa Rica (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, k-n, Calovevora, Veragua, o, p, Irazu, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 163, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Veragua. Xenicopsis subalaris lineatus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 643, 1910 — Costa Rica (descr. juv.); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Coliblanco, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 209, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.). Range : Subtropical Zone of Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiri- qui, Veraguas)b. 7: Costa Rica (Irazti i, La Estrella de Cartago i, Coliblanco i); Panama (Boquete 3, Chiriqui i). Xenoctistes subalaris tacarcunae (Chapman)". TACARCUNA XEN- OCTISTES. Xenicopsis subalaris tacarcunae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 16, Aug. 1923 — east slope of Mt. Tacarcuna, eastern Panama. Range: Mountains of eastern Panama (Tacarcuna). * Xenoctistes subalaris lineatus (LAWRENCE): Similar to X. s. subalaris, but slightly larger, with decidedly longer bill; pileum almost plain or but faintly streaked on anterior portion; back much more rufous brown; throat patch deeper buffy yel- low; rest of under surface more brownish, with the light mesial streaks narrower and more sharply defined, etc. Material examined. — Costa Rica 8, Chiriqui 7. b No specimens seen from Veragua. 0 Xenoctistes subalaris tacarcunae (CHAPMAN): "General color of under parts grayer, less olivaceous than either X. s. subalaris and X. s. lineatus; streaks below as broad as in subalaris, but paler; throat patch slightly paler than in subalaris, but smaller and more sharply defined from the chest and thus more like that of lineatus; upper parts more as in subalaris, but crown averaging browner, the streaks on back wider." (CHAPMAN, I.e.). We have not seen this obviously well characterized form. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 193 Xenoctistes subalaris subalaris (Sclater). STRIPED-BELLIED XEN- OCTISTES. Anabates subalaris SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador. Anabazenops subalaris SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 159, 1862 — Palla- tanga; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 300 — Cayan- deled, Pedregal, Surupata, Chaguarpata, Ecuador (spec, examined) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Pallatanga, "Quito"; GOODFELLOW, Ibis. 1902, p. 6 1 — west side of Pichincha. Xenicopsis subalaris MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 43, 1911 — Gualea (syn. part). Xenicopsis subalaris subalaris HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 — Loma Hermosa, Rio Jamaraya, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 413, 1917 — La Frijolera, Salencio, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Gallera, Miraflores, Colombia. Xenicopsis subalaris columbianus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 31, p. 150, 1912 — Miraflores, central Andes, Colombia. Range : Subtropical Zone of western Ecuador, Western Andes and west slope of Central Andes of Colombia0. Xenoctistes subalaris mentalis (Taczanowski and Berlepsch}b. BUFF- CHINNED XENOCTISTES. Anabazenops mentalis TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 96 — Machay, Ecuador (three topotypes examined). Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15 p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, e-h, Machay, Jima, Ecuador. Xenicopsis mentalis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1151 (in text) — part, Machay, Ecuador (diag.). Range : Subtropical Zone of eastern Ecuador (Machay, Baeza) . 8 Specimens from Colombia (columbianus) are perhaps, after all, separable on account of their more heavily striped under parts, but I have not been able to com- pare a satisfactory series of Ecuadorian birds. Material examined. — Ecuador: Cayandeled i, Chaguarpata i, Gualea i, "Pichin- cha" 2. Colombia: Loma Hermosa i, Heights of Caldas, Valle i, Bitaco Valley, Valle 4, La Cumbre, Valle i. b Xenoctistes subalaris mentalis (TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) : Similar to X. s. subalaris, but upper parts much darker, the pileum blackish instead of Dresden brown, the back almost bister brown, both pileum and back (except rump) marked with much more conspicuous and broader buff shaft stripes; the narrow buff super- ciliaries barely suggested by a few isolated streaks; gular patch much deeper, buffy yellow instead of maize yellow, and decidedly smaller, being restricted to chin and upper throat; under parts somewhat more rufescent and more heavily streaked with buff. Wing 87-94; tail 81-85; bill 18-19. Material examined. — Machay 3, Baeza i. ip4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xenoctistes subalaris striolatus (Todd)». STRIOLATED XENOCTISTES. Xenicopsis striolatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, Aug. 1913 — Anzoa- tegui, Est. Lara, Venezuela (type examined). Anabazenops subalaris (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, spec, j, Bogota. Xenicopsis mentalis (not of TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH) HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1157 (in text) — part, Bogotd. Xenicopsis subalaris mentalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 414, 1917 — La Candela, Fusugasugd, Buena Vista, Colombia. Range: Western Venezuela (Anzoategui, 10 kilom. east of Humu- caro, State of Lara), and Eastern Andes of Colombia, in states of San- tander (Cachiri, La Palmita) and Cundinamarca ("Bogota", Fusu- gasuga, Buena Vista, above Villavicencio) ; according to Chapman also on the eastern slope of the Central Andes (La Candela, State of Huila) . Xenoctistes guttulatus (Sclater)b. GUTTULATED XENOCTISTES. Anabazenops guttulatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, "1857", p. 272, pi. 130, Jan. 1858 — "in Venezuela, prope urbem Caracas" (type in Paris Museum exam- ined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 109, 1890 — Caracas. Xenicopsis guttulatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 94, 1906 — Caracas (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, a Xenoctistes subalaris striolatus (Tooo) : Most nearly related to X . s. subalaris, but pileum somewhat darker, less rufescent, and more conspicuously streaked with buff; anterior and middle portion of back much more broadly striped with buff; wings less rufescent; throat paler, less buffy; pale striping of lower parts broader and reaching down to the middle of the abdomen; bill smaller. Wing (two males) 89, (three females) 81-86; tail 81-84; bill 16.5-18. In the extensive gular patch and the narrow buff superciliary streak this form agrees with X. s. subalaris, and the juvenal plumage is also very similar, having the superciliaries, sides of neck and anterior under parts plain orange ochraceous, but differs by the pileum and upper back being strongly streaked with ochraceous orange. X. s. striolatus partakes of X. s. mentalis of the strongly streaked upper and under parts, but may be distinguished by less blackish pileum, more distinct buff superciliaries, and much larger as well as paler yellowish throat area. In birds from Colombia (Santander and Buenavista) the pale striping both on back and lower parts is slightly narrower than in the type with which they other- wise agree. Material examined. — Venezuela, Lara: Anzoategui i. Colombia: Cachiri, San- tander i, La Palmita, Santander 2; Buena Vista i ; "Bogota" 2. b Xenoctistes guttulatus (SCLATER) : Differs from X. s. striolatus by much larger (deeper and longer) bill; much more conspicuous, deeper buff superciliaries; un- streaked Dresden brown pileum; much broader, laterally black- edged streaks on back; squamate (blackish olive) markings on malar region and foreneck; decidedly broader, apically more rounded light stripes on breast and abdomen. Besides, the juvenal plumage is very different, having only an exceedingly large superciliary 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR . 195 A, Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — La Cumbre de Valencia (Carabobo), Los Palmales (Bermudez) (crit.). Range: North Coast Mountains of Venezuela, in states of Ber- mudez (Los Palmales), and Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and in Dept. Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro del Avila; Silla de Caracas). Genus XENICOPSOIDES Cory*. Xenicopsoides CORY, Auk, 36, p. 273, 1919 — type Anabates striaticollis SCLATER. Xenicopsoides montanus yungae (Chapman}*. BOLIVIAN XENICOP- SOIDES. Philydor montanus bolivianus (not Philydor rufus bolivianus BERLEPSCH 1907) CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 15, Aug., 1923 — Locotal, Prov. Cocha- bamba, Bolivia. Philydor montanus yungae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 96, p. 12, Nov. 1923 — new name for P. m. bolivianus CHAPMAN. Anabazenops temporalis (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — San Antonio, Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1879, P- 622 — Tilotilo, Bolivia; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 159, 1884 — part, San Antonio, but not the description; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part, spec, h, i, San Antonio (Peru), Tilotilo (Bolivia) (spec, examined). Anabazenops striaticollis (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1 08, 1890 — part, spec, i, Bolivia. Range: Southeastern Peru (Santo Domingo, Rio Inambari, Cara- doc, Marcapata), and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba). Xenicopsoides montanus montanus (Tschtidi). MOUNTAIN XENI- COPSOIDES. Anabates montanus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 240, pi. 20, fig. i, 1846 — wooded region of Peru, stripe orange ochraceous, while the sides of the neck are deep buff, edged with blackish, and the under parts buff, marked with blackish olive about the same way as in adults. Although evidently a geographical representative of X. subalaris, the peculiar juvenal plumage induces me to regard this form — at least provisionally — as specifi- cally distinct. Four specimens from Bermudez (Los Palmales) appear to be inseparable from the Caracas birds. Material examined. — Carabobo: La Cumbre de Valencia 17. Dept. Federal Occidental: "Caracas" i, Silla de Caracas i, Galipan, Cerro del Avila i. Bermudez: Los Palmales 4. a This group appears to deserve generic separation. While decidedly distinct from Xenoctistes ( = Xenicopsis auct.), as suggested by Robert Ridgway, it seems more nearly related to Philydor from which it differs, however, by less graduated tail, proportionately longer wings, as well as much longer toes and claws. b Xenicopsoides montanus yungae (CHAPMAN) : Similar to X. m. montanus, but more rufescent throughout; under parts brighter, old gold rather than buffy citrine, 196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. between 10° and 12° lat. south (type in Neuchatel Museum examined): SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — (note on one of Tschudi's typical specimens in Mus. Smithson. Inst., Washington). Philydor montanus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Pumamarca; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 153, 1884 "Maraynioc" = Pumamarca; BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 13, 1905 (crit. note on type). Philydor striaticollis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Amable Maria, Pumamarca; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 153, 1884 — Amable Maria, Pumamarca, Ropaybamba; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 97 — Mapoto, Machay, Ecuador. Anabazenops striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — part, Peru; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — Garita del Sol, Junin. Philydor montanus montanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — part, central Peru; CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 16, 1923 — Chelpes, Utcuyacu (Dept. Junin, Peru), Zamora (Ecuador). Range: Peru (Dept. Junin), and apparently extending northward to eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Machay, Mapoto) a. *Xenicopsoides montanus striaticollis (Sclater)*. COLOMBIAN XEKI- COPSOIDES. Anabates striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 17, June 1857 — Bogota. Philydor striaticollis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — "New Granada"; BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogota. Anabazenops temporalis (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 522 — Concordia, Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part, spec, f, g, Antioquia (spec, examined). with the light central streaks on chest more pronounced; inner margin to quills deeper ochraceous buff. A large series from Bolivia and one male from Caradoc, Marcapata examined. • Two specimens from eastern Ecuador, though slightly intermediate, appear to be nearer the Peruvian than the Colombian form. b Xenicopsoides montanus striaticollis (SCLATER) : Differs from X. m. montanus by somewhat paler, less rufous upper parts, and by having the crown olivaceous, in decided contrast to the color of the back. Birds from western Venezuela (states of Trujillo and Lara) in the collection of the Carnegie Museum agree with a series from the eastern Andes of Colombia (Bogota, Santander), while specimens from the western (and possibly central) Andes are very slightly deeper colored below. They are, however, very distinct from the West Ecuadorian form, and Sclater and Salvin's reference to X. m. temporalis of some skins from Antioquia was a mistake. Material examined. — Colombia, Western Andes: Bitaco Valley, Valle 9, La Cumbre, Valle 4, Las Lomitas i, San Antonio i ; Eastern Andes: "Bogota 9, La Pal- mita, Santander 7, Ventanas, Santander i. Venezuela: Guamito, Trujillo 2, Guarico, Lara 4, Anzoategui, Lara i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 197 Anabazenops striaticollis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 108, 1890 — spec, a-f, Bogotd, Colombia. Philydor montanus striaticollis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — part, Bogota, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 412, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio (w. Andes), Miraflores, Salento, La Sierra, near San Agustin, La Candela (central Andes), Fusugasuga, Aguadita, El Roble (e. Andes), Colombia. Range : Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and adjacent parts of western Venezuela (in states of Trujillo and Lara). 4: Colombia ("Bogota" 2, San Antonio i, Las Lomitas i). Xenicopsoides montanus anxius (Bangs}9'. SANTA MARTA XENI- COPSOIDES. Xenicopsis anxius BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 83, 1902 — Chirua Santa Marta Mts. Anabazenops striaticollis (not of SCLATER) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc.Wash.,13, p.gg 1899 — Chirua, San Miguel, La Concepcion; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., J3i P- J58, 1900 — Onaca, Valparaiso, El Libano, Las Nubes. Philydor montanus anxius HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 103, 1912 — Sierra of Santa Marta. Xenicopsis montanus anxius TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 283, 1922 — Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Las Taguas, Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo, Heights of Chirua. Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia. Xenicopsoides montanus venezuelanus (Hellmayr)b. VENEZUELAN XENICOPSOIDES. Philydor venezuelanus HELLMAYR, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 24-24 bis, p. 49, April 1911 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela. Philydor montanus venezuelanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 1 02, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia. 8 Xenicopsoides montanus anxius (BANGS) : Nearest to X. m. striaticollis, but upper parts more olivaceous; superciliaries and throat much brighter, maize or mustard yellow; breast and abdomen more yellowish, less fulvous. Material examined. — Ten specimens from the Santa Marta region (El Libano, Las Nubes, Valparaiso, Las Taguas). b Xenicopsoides montanus venezuelanus (HELLMAYR) : Nearest to X. m. striati- collis, but immediately recognizable by its much paler coloration; pileum grayish brown, faintly tinged with olive, instead of decidedly olivaceous; back less rufescent; upper tail coverts light cinnamon rufous like the tail; auriculars grayish rather than olive; throat white, tipped with grayish brown; breast and abdomen brownish buff or grayish brown, etc. Wing (nine males) 84-90, (nine females) 77-82; tail 69-79; bill 14.5-16. Birds from the Caracas region average slightly paler than those from the Cumbre de Valencia. Material examined. — Cumbre de Valencia 14, Cerro del Avila, near Caracas 4. 198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Coast ranges of northern Venezuela, in State of Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Galipan, Cerro del Avila). Xenicopsoides montanus temporalis (Sdater)*. SPOTTED-BREASTED XENICOPSOIDES. Anabates temporalis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador. Anabazenops temporalis SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 159, 1862 — Palla- tanga; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Pedregal; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, Pallatanga, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Intac. Xenicopsis temporalis MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. geogr. Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B 43, 1911 — Gualea; LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — road to Mindo. Range : Western Ecuador, from Province of Esmeraldas south to El Oro. *Xenicopsoides montanus variegaticeps (Sclater). SCALY-THROATED XENICOPSOIDES. Anabazenops variegaticeps SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 289, Jan. 1857 — Cordova, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 106, 1890 — Jalapa (Mexico), Barranca Honda, Savanna Grande, Choctum, Vera Paz (Guatemala), Costa Rica, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr. Americ., Aves, 2, p. 162, 1891 — Mexico to Panama. Xenicopsis variegaticeps BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 — Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 642, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 207, 1911 — southern Mexico to western Panama (monog.). Xenicopsis variegaticeps idoneus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 19, p. 108, 1906 — Boquete, Chiriqui. Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Guerrero, » Xenicopsoides montanus temporalis (SCLATER) : Differs from the preceding races by well denned, lengthened, deep yellow ocher or ochraceous superciliaries; wide buff orbital ring; deeper chestnut brown back; much darker rufous tail; yellow ocher breast, heavily spotted with paler, etc. From X. m. variegaticeps, of Central America, which it resembles in coloration of tail and development of superciliaries, it may be distinguished by the bright yellow ocher and much more spotted breast, besides several minor characters. Wing (four males) 89-93, (two females) 81-84; tail 66-72; bill 16-17. Although very different from its geographical neighbor X. m. striaticottis, this is certainly but a race of the montanus group, some of its characters (coloration of under parts) being suggested by the Bolivian X. m. yungae. Material examined. — Chimbo 2, Pedregal i, Mindo 2, Gualea i, Intac i, La Chonta (El Oro) i, Rio Verde, 3,200 ft., Prov. Esmeraldas 2. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 199 Oaxaca, and Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui)a. 13: Mexico (Orizaba i); Honduras (Mt. Camp, San Pedro Sula i); Costa Rica (La Candelaria i, Juan Vifias i); Panama (Boquete 7, Chiriqui 2). Xenicopsoides amaurotis (Temmmck)b. WHITE-BROWED XENICOP- SOIDES. Anabates amaurotis TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 40, pi. 238, fig. 2, Nov. 1823 — "Bre'sil"=Sao Paulo"; BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 29, 1856 — Brazil (ex NATTERER). Xenops nigrocapillus LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830 — new name for Anabates amaurotis TEMMINCK. Anabates infuscatus (not of SCLATER 1856) PELZELNd, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 106, 129, 1859 — Mattodentro, Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo (types examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities. Philydor amaurotis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Brazil; BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 30, 1905 (crit., synon., range); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 239, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape, Estagao Rio Grande, Prov. Sao Paulo. Anabazenops amaurotis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 107, 1890 — part, Mattodentro, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 227, 1899 — Iguape", Sao Paulo. Range: Southeastern Brazil, in State of Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Mattodentro, Iguape, Alto da Serra, Estac.ao Rio Grande). Genus PHILYDOR Spix. Philydor SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 73, 1824 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855) Phily- dor superciliaris SPIX = Anabates atricapillus WIED. Dendroma SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 316, 1837 — generic characters8, type a On comparing nine specimens from Chiriqui (idoneus) with a considerable series from more northern localities I fail to see any constant difference, although there is much individual variation in the tinge of the lower parts. b Xenicopsoides amaurotis (TEMMINCK), while unquestionably congeneric with X. montanus, may be distinguished by the feathers of the pileum being centrally spotted with white and subapically margined with black; much broader, buffy white superciliary stripe; prouts brown instead of dull olive auriculars; pure white, un- marked throat; large white spots on foreneck and breast; more rufescent abdomen; smaller bill. Wing (male) 80, (female) 74; tail 75, (female) 70, 71; bill 15-15.5. Three specimens from Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema) examined. 8 According to the registers of the Vienna Museum, the example forwarded to Temminck, was taken at Ypanema. d Anabates infuscatus BONAPARTE (Consp. Av., i, p. 210, 1850) is a nomen nudum. 8 The only species quoted, Dendroma caniceps SWAINSON (based on the unpub- lished plate 80 of the author's "Ornithological Drawings") is a nomen nudum. 200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. by subs, desig., (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN — Dendrocopus rufus VIEILLOT. Euphilydor CORY, Auk, 36, p. 273, 1919 — type PhUydor lichtensteini CABANIS and HEINE8. *Philydor atricapillus (Wied). BLACK-CAPPED PHILYDOR. Anabates atricapillus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 147 (8° ed., p. 146), 1821 — Rio Catole', Prov. Bahia; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1187, 1831 — s.e. Brazil; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 129, 1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Praia do Sai, Rio; Ypanema, Paciencia, Prov. Sao Paulo. Sphenura super ciliaris LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 — Bahia. Xenops melanocephalus LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830 — new name for Philydor superciliaris SPIX, Av. Bras., I, pi. 73, 1824. Xenops canivetii LESSON, Cent. Zool., livr. 2, p. 60, pi. 16, Sept. 1830 — ''Bresil". Philydor atricapillus pallidior CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 61, Feb. 1919 — Sapucay, Paraguay1*. PhUydor superciliaris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 73, pi. 73, fig. i, 1824 — Prov. Minas Geraes; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 (synon.); CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo. Anabates superciliaris BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 28, 1856 — Brazil. Philydor atricapillus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 247, 1889 (note on Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 96, 1890 — Bahia, Santa Fg (Minas), Sao Paulo, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 226, 1899 — Iguape', Ypiranga, Prov. Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 240, 1907 — Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Iguape", Sao Sebastiao, Villa Bella, Osasco, Mattao, Prov. Sao Paulo; Espirito Santo; BER- TONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Alto Parana, Paraguay; HELL- MAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 530 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333, 1914 — Paraguay, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Bahia and southern Minas Ger- aes (Marianna) south to Sao Paulo, and adjacent parts of Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay (Sapucay). 8 Philydor lichtensteini, in spite of its slightly divergent bill, appears to me insep- arable— even subgenerically — from P. rufus and P. atricapillus, while P. dimidiatus and P. baeri are obviously near relatives of P. pyrrhodes. On the other hand, Ana- bates amaurotis TEMMINCK, assigned to the group Euphilydor by the late C. B. Cory, is strictly congeneric with Anabates striaticollis SCLATER, the genotype of Xenicop- soides CORY. b I am unable to distinguish two Paraguayan specimens, claimed by Chubb to be paler above and brighter underneath, from the Brazilian series, which exhibits much individual variation in intensity of coloration. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 201 15: Brazil (Rio i; Sao Paulo, Victoria 3, Sao Sebastiao 3, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema 8) . *Philydor subfulvus Sclater*. OCHRE-BELLIED PHILYDER. Philydor subfulvus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., Nov. 1861, p. 377 — Gualaquiza, Ecuador (type in British Museum examined; =juv.); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890 — Gualaquiza, Cosni- pata; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 152, 1884 — part, Cosnipata; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — Chanchamayo; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 114, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata. Philydor ochrogaster HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. i, p. ui, Feb. 1917 — Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 76, 1920 — Marcapata. Range: Eastern Ecuador (Gualaquiza), Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco; Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; Cosnipata, Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco), and northern Bolivia (Songo, Yungas of La Paz). i: Peru (Huachipa i). Philydor fuscipennis Salvinb. DUSKY-WINGED PHILYDOR. Philydor fuscipennis SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 72 — Santiago de Veragua; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 143 — same locality; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 99, 1890 — same; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 161, pi. 46, fig. i, 1891 — same; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 204, 1911 — Santiago, Cascajal-Cocle', Veragua; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Rio Esnape, Darien. Range: Panama (Veragua, Darien). Philydor erythronotus Sclater and Salvin*. RUFOUS-BACKED PHILYDOR. Philydor erythronotus SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 66, 160, 1873 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 522 — Remedies; BERLEPSCH and TACZAN- a Philydor subfulvus SCLATER: Nearest to P. atricapittus, but above dull Dresden brown instead of bright amber brown; crown not appreciably different from back; rufous of rump and tail much deeper; under parts much paler and duller. Wing 87- 95; tail 75-77; bill 16-17.5. Recent investigation shows this species to be much more nearly related to P, atricapittus than to any other. It is, however, immediately recognizable by lack- ing the well defined blackish cap, as well as by its much paler, less rufous coloration both above and below. The type of P. subfulvus proves, on examination, to be an immature specimen of the present species, and not of P. ruficaudatus, as had been supposed. Material. — Ecuador: Gualaquiza i. Peru: Chanchamayo 2, Huachipa i, Marca- pata 2. Bolivia: Songo i. b We are not acquainted with this rare species. 0 Philydor erythronotus SCLATER and SALVIN: In general form similar to P. pyr- rhodes with which it also agrees in blackish remiges and deep ochraceous supercil- iaries, but easily distinguished by chestnut rufous instead of olivaceous brown back, rufous brown pileum, deeper ochraceous under parts, etc. Wing (male) 86.5; tail 68; bill 17. This scarce species is known to me from a single adult male taken by J. de Siemir- adzki at Chimbo, Ecuador. 2O2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. OWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 561 — Chimbo (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 99, pi. 8, 1890 — Bogotd, Remedies, Colombia. Range: Colombia (Bogota, Remedies) and western Ecuador (Chimbo). Philydor pyrrhodes (Cdbanis). CINNAMON-RUMPED PHILYDOR. Anabates pyrrhodes CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689, '''1848" — coast of British Guiana; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo. Anabates pyrrhodes ? PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 108, 131, 1859 — Salto Theotonio (Rio Madeira), Barra [ = Manaos], Marabitanas, Rio Negro (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Philydor pyrrhodes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — Rio Napo; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Pebas; TACZ- ANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 151, 1884 — Pebas; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 99, 1890 — Rio Madeira, Pebas, Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Oyapoc, Bartica Grove; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Nericagua, Munduapo, R. Orinoco (spec, examined); GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Rio Capim; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurua; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 240, 1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Pard, Rio Capim; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Tapajdz; idem, I.e., 14, p. 365, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 321, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para, Capim; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — Para, Aproaga (Rio Capim), Arumatheua (Rio Tocantins), Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 263, 1916 — Munduapo, Nericagua; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — La Morelia, Rio Caqueta, Colombia; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 107, 1921 — Ituribisci, Supenaam, Bartica, Abary River. Range: French, Dutch and British Guiana; Venezuela (Nericagua, Munduapo, upper Orinoco) ; southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region) ; eastern Ecuador; northeastern Peru (Pebas); northern Brazil, east to Para, south to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Calama, Salto Theotonio)8. Philydor dimidiatus (Pelzeln)b. PELZELN'S PHILYDOR. Anabates dimidiatus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, a Fifteen specimens from Brazil (Rio Madeira, Rio Negro, Rio Tapaj6z), French and British Guiana, and Venezuela (Orinoco) examined. b Philydor dimidiatus (PELZELN) : Most nearly related to, and agreeing with P. pyrrhodes in coloration of under parts and sides of head; but bill slenderer, with the gonys apically more ascending; back much brighter, cinnamon brown rather 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 203 34, p. 107, 130, 1859 — Sangrador and Rio Manso, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities. Philydor dimidiatus BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 29, 1905 (crit.). Range: Central Brazil, in eastern Matto Grosso (Sangrador, Rio Manso) . Philydor baeri Hellmayr*. BAER'S PHILYDOR. Philydor baeri HELLMAYR, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 2, No. 24-24 bis, p. 50, April 1911— Agua Suja, near Bagagem, Minas Geraes. Range: Interior of Brazil, in western Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem). *Philydor lichtensteini Cabanis and Heine*. LICHTENSTEIN'S PHILYDOR. Philydor lichtensteini CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 29, 1859 — Brazil; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, I.e., 5, p. 273, 1902 — Iguap£, Bauni (Sao Paulo); BERLEPSCH and HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 53, p. 31, 1905 — Sapi- tiba, Cantagallo (Rio de Janeiro), Iguape, Ypanema, Bauru, Sao Carlos, Sao Sebastiao, Morro Queimado (Sao Paulo), Capella Nova, Rio Jordao (Minas Geraes), Sapucay (Paraguay) (diag., synon.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro; BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Alto Parana; IHERING, Cat. P. Braz., I, p. 250, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape, Rio Feio, Bauru, Itapura (Sao Paulo), Marianna (Minas Geraes); CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 529 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333, 1914 — Paraguay, and Santa Ana, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana. than olive brown, with the much darker rufous of the rump restricted to the upper tail-coverts; tail hazel rather than ochraceous tawny; remiges cinnamon brown or russet instead of blackish. Wing (adult female) 79.5; tail 70; bill 19. Three speci- mens, 9 ad. and d" juv., Sangrador, o*1 juv., Rio Manso examined. " Philydor baeri HELLMAYR: Similar to P. dimidiatus, but much paler through- out; upper parts light olive brown, without any rufescent tinge; superciliaries ochra- ceous rather than cinnamomeous; loral spot buff instead of whitish; sides of head light ochraceous, without any cinnamon rufous on auriculars; under parts including tail-coverts much paler ochraceous, flanks olive rather than brownish. Wing (adult male) 87; tail 75 ; bill 18. Two specimens, one adult and one young male examined. This is almost certainly but a race of P. dimidiatus. Both species are, however, too imperfectly known to allow the use of trinomials. b Philydor lichtensteini CABANIS and HEINE bears a superficial resemblance to P. r. rufus, but is much smaller in all proportions, the bill particularly so, with the gonys more strongly ascending in its terminal portion; furthermore, it lacks every trace of the ochraceous frontal band, while the crown and hindneck are light oliva- ceous, spotted with black near the base of the feathers which, in P. r. rufus, are uni- form dark gray from base to tip. Wing (thirty-five specimens) 72-86, rarely 89; tail 72-82; bill 15-17. Material examined. — Minas Geraes (Rio Jordao) i, Rio de Janeiro 5, S5o Paulo (various localities) 23, Paraguay (Sapucay) 6. 204 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 — Sao Paulo (part, junior). Anabates superciliaris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 130, 1859 — Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — same localities (spec, ex- amined). Anabates lichtensteinii REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 378 — Capella Nova (Minas Geraes), Morro Queimado, Sao Carlos (Sao Paulo). Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Minas Geraes (Rio Jor- dao, near Araguary, Capella Nova, Marianna), Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo; Paraguay (Sapucay); and northeastern Argentina (Misiones). 18: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao 2, Victoria 6, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema 10). *Philydor rufus rufus ( Vieillot). BUFF-FRONTED PHILYDOR. Dendrocopus rufus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 119, 1818 — "Bresil", we suggest Rio de Janeiro as type locality; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 285, 1850 (crit.). Sphenura poliocephala LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 — Sao Paulo (part, adult). Philydor ruficollis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 74, pi. 75, 1824 — interior of Bahia (type in Munich Museum examined). Xenops rufifrons LESSON, Trait£ d'Orn., h'vr. 4, p. 317, Sept. 1830 — new name for Philydor ruficollis SPIX. Anabates poliocephalus BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 29, 1856 — "Bahia bis Para"; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 130, 1859 — Corcovado, near Rio, Curytiba, Ypanema (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 40, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema (Sao Paulo), Curytiba (Parana); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Foren., 1870, p. 379 — Lagoa Santa, Paracatu (Minas Geraes), Novo Friburgo (Rio), Sao Carlos, Sao Bento de Araraquara (Sao Paulo) . Philydor rufus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 378 — Brazil (synon.); CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 97, 1890— Sao Paulo, Santa F6 (Minas), "Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul)"«, Rio Claro ("Goyaz"), Chapada (Matto Grosso), Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 226, 1899 — Iguap6, Tiet£, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., 5, p. 300, 1902 (egg descr.); idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 240, 1907 — Ubatuba, Iguap6, Baurti, Sao Sebastiao, Alto da Serra, Itarar£ (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parand); OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25 ,p. 133, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 15, • Locality undoubtedly erroneous. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 205 p. 61, 1908 — Paz. Esperanga, Goyaz; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 529 — Sapucay; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 333, 1914 — Santa Ana, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana. Philydor rufus rufus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Iguazu, Misiones; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 311, 1912 — Tacuar£ and Itapemiri, Paraguay; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 101, 1912 (range). Range: Southern Brazil, from provinces of Bahia, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso (Chapada) south to Sao Paulo and Parana; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones)8. 4: Brazil, Sao Paulo (Sao Sebastiao i, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema 3). Philydor rufus columbianus Cabanis and Heine*. VENEZUELAN PHILYDOR. Philydor columbianus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 29, 1859 — "Porto Cabello"=Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167, 170 — Caracas; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — coast range of Puerto Cabello; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 98, 1890 — "Merida", coast range of Puerto Cabello, Caracas. Philydor rufus columbianus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 100, 101, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Caracas, and "Caripe', near Cumana" (crit.). Range: Coast Mountains of northern Venezuela, in State of Cara- • Specimens from various localities agree in coloration, but vary somewhat in size. MEASUREMENTS MALES LENGTH of WING One from Bahia (type of P. ruficollis SPIX) 98 Three from Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem) 92,94,96 One from Matto Grosso (Chapada) 93 One from Goyaz (Fazenda Esperanca) 90 One from Rio de Janeiro 88 Six from Sao Paulo 88,88,89,89,90,91 Two from Argentina (Misiones) 9i(93 FEMALES Two from Minas Geraes (Agua Suja) 84,87 One from Matto Grosso (Chapada) 88 One from Goyaz (Fazenda Esperanga) 89 One from Rio de Janeiro 85 Two from Sao Paulo 83,86 One from Parand (Serra do Mar) 83 b Philydor rufus columbianus CABANIS and HEINE: Similar to P. r. rufus, but ochreous frontal band narrower, less abruptly denned posteriorly, and duller in tone; crown and nape olivaceous rather than grayish; back darker; posterior under parts conspicuously paler. Wing (males) 90-98; (females) 89-92; tail 86-94; bill 18.5-20.5. Material. — Cumbre de Valencia 10, Cerro del Avila i, Silla de Caracas 2. 206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. bobo (Cumbre de Valencia), and Dept. Federal Occidental (Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas)8. Philydor rufus panerythrus Sclater*. OCHRACEOUS PHILYDOR. Philydor panerythrus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1862, p. no — Bogotd (type in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 1870, p. 329, note (crit.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. zoo, 1890 — Bogota, Isthmus of Panama, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 160, 1891 — "Pirris", Cervantes (Costa Rica), Panama, Veragua, Bogota; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. • Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 203, 1911 (monog.). Philydor semirufus (lapsu) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 360, 1862 — Bogota. Automolus rufescens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 345, 1867 — Birris, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — Birris; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 414, 1883 — Cervantes, Costa Rica; BERLEPSCH, I.e., n, "1888", p. 565, Sept. 1889 (crit.). Philydor rufus panerythrus ZELEDON, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, p. 113, 1887 — Cervantes de Cartago, Costa Rica; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 101, 1912 — Boquete (Chiriqui), La Estrella (Costa Rica), Veragua, Bogota (diag.). Philydor panerythrus rufescens BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 44, 1902 — Boquete and Caribbean slope of Volcan of Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Car- negie Mus., 6, p. 641, 1910 — "El Rey" and " La Lagunaria" de Dota, Costa Rica. Range: Costa Rica (Birris, Cervantes, La Estrella, Laguaria, Los Reyes, etc.), Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua), and Colombia (Bogota). Philydor rufus riveti Menegaux and Hellmayr0. ECUADORIAN PHILYDOR. Philydor columbianus riveti MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — Gualea, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. ge"og. a The localities "Me'rida" and "Caripe", Bermudez" require confirmation. b Philydor rufus panerythrus SCLATER: Very similar to P. r. columbianus, but wings somewhat longer; back darker, more tawny brown; under parts much deeper, ochraceous rather than ochraceous buff. Wing (five specimens) 99-104; tail 88-94; bill 19-20.5. The type — the only specimen ever taken in South America — differs from four others by decidedly lighter cinnamon rufous wings and slightly darker back. More material from Colombia is much desired. Specimens examined. — Bogota (the type) i, Veragua i, Boquete 2, La Estrella, Costa Rica i. c Philydor rufus riveti MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR: Differs from P. r. panerythrus by smaller size; more blackish crown, with cinnamon frontal band less pronounced; much darker (sepia) back; by the breast and abdomen being washed with brownish and decidedly contrasted with the clear ochraceous of the throat. Wing (three speci- mens) 94-96; tail 78-83; bill 19-20.5. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 207 Mes. Arc M6rid. Equat., 9, p. B 42, pi. 4, 1911 — Gualea, Quito; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 102, 1912 (diag.). Philydor columbianus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 6 1 — west side of Pichincha. Range: Western Ecuador (Gualea, Pichincha, etc.). *Philydor rufus bolivianus Berlepsch*. BOLIVIAN PHILYDOR. Philydor columbianus bolivianus BERLEPSCH, Ornis, 14, p. 366, Feb. 1907 — Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (type examined). Philydor rufus bolivianus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 101, 1912 — Santa Cruz, Songo, Bolivia (diag.). Range: Bolivia (in depts. of Santa Cruz and La Paz), and Peru (Dept. of Huanuco). 4 : Peru (Huachipa i , Vista Alegre 3) . *Philydor erythropterus (Sclater)b. CHESTNUT-WINGED PHILYDOR. Anabates erythropterus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 27, 1856 — Bogotd (type in British Museum examined); idem, I.e., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador. Automolus erythropterus SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 158, 1862 — Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Nauta, Peru. Philydor erythropterus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Nauta; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pdr., 2, p. 154, 1884 — Yurimaguas, Nauta; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 303, 1889 — Yurimaguas (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 98, 1890 — Bogota, Nauta, Sarayacu, Rio Napo. Range: Upper Amazonia, from Colombia (Bogotd-collections) through eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Rio Napo) to Peru (Nauta, Yuri- * Philydor rufus bolivianus BERLEPSCH: Nearest to, and agreeing with P. r. col- umbianus in coloration of crown, but forehead, sides of head, and under parts deeper ochraceous, more like P. r. rufus. Similar also to P. r. panerythrus, but ochraceous areas paler, back lighter, buffy brown rather than tawny brown, etc. Wing (five males) 98-103, (three females) 93-98; tail 88-96; bill 19-21. Peruvian specimens, as a rule, have the forehead less strongly washed with ochra- ceous than a series from Bolivia. b This exceedingly distinct species, of which hardly more than a dozen speci- mens are known, has evidently a wide range in Upper Amazonia. The two Brazilian examples (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 127747-48) are obviously not different from two Bogota skins and an adult male from Yurimaguas with which they were directly compared. There appears to be a marked sexual dif- ference in size as will be seen from the subjoined measurements. WING TAIL BILL One male from Urupa, Rio Machados 96 77 19 One male from Yurimaguas, Peru 93 73 20 One female from Rio Roosevelt 85 71 18 One female from Puerto Bemudez, Peru 89 72 20 Two unsexed Bogota skins 95, 95 73,77 18.5,19 2o8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. maguas, Puerto Bermudez), and western Brazil (Urupa, Rio Macha- dos; Rio Roosevelt, mouth of Rio Cherrie, northern Matto Grosso). i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin i). *Philydor ruficaudatus (Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny)*. RUFOUS-TAILED PHILYDOR. Anabates ruficaudatus LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 15, 1838 — Yuracares, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 26, 1856 — Bogotd; idem, I.e., 26, p. 61, 1858 — Rio Napo. Anabates ruficaudus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 456, 1858 — Gualaquiza, Ecuador. Philydor subfulvus (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 152, 1884 — part, descr. spec, ex Sarayacu, Ecuador in Coll. Berlepsch (spec, examined; =juv.). Philydor subflavescens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 66, 1873 — Monterico, n.e. Ayacucho (descr. adult and juv.); TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 528 — Monterico; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 156, 1884 — Monterico (Peru), Sarayacu (Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 374 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Peru. Anabazenops immaculatus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — northern Bolivia. Philydor euophrys BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375, in text — La Gloria, Peru (=juv.). Automolus ruficaudatus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, s.e. Peru. Philydor ruficaudatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 621 — Yura- cares (ex D'ORBIGNY); TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 155, 1884 — Sarayacu (Ecuador), Cosnipata (Peru); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 100, 1890 — Bogota, Gualaquiza, Sarayacu, Cosnipata; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador (note on juv.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata, Pard; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 91, 1906 — Yuracares (Bolivia), Sarayacu, Bogota (crit. on type); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — S. Antonio, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — S. Anto- nio do Prata, St. Maria de S. Miguel (Rio Guama), Arumatheua (Rio Tocan- *• The absence of rufous on rump and upper tail-coverts, and the well marked superciliary streak are the principal features separating this bird from P. erythro- cercus. The birds with deep ochraceous superciliaries and sides of the head, brownish back, rufous edged upper tail-coverts, and deeper buffy under parts constitute the juvenile plumage. Birds in which the ochraceous superciliaries persist after the juvenile molt (first annual plumage?) have been separated as P. euophrys. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 209 tins), S. Antonio da Cachoeira (Rio Jary); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 263, 1916 — foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 411, 1917 — La Murelia, s.e. Colombia; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 75, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, s.e. Peru (crit.). Range: French Guiana (Rio Approuague); Venezuela (foot of Mt. Duida, upper Orinoco); eastern Colombia ("Bogota"; La Morelia, Caqueta) ; eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo, Sarayacu, Rio Santiago) ; Peru (La Gloria, Dept. Junin; Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho; Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco; Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno); northern Bolivia (Yuracares, Rio San Mateo) ; northern Brazil (junction of Machados and Madeira riv- ers; Para district; Tury-assu, Maranhao) B. i : Brazil, State of Maranhao (Tury-assu i). Philydor erythrocercus erythrocercus (Pelzeln). RUFOUS-RUMPED PHILYDOR. (??) Myiothera erythacus PUCHERAN, Arch. Mus. Paris, 7, p. 337, 1855 — Cayenne; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 92, 1906 (crit.). Anabates erythrocercus PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 105, 128, 1859 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (types in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro, Cayenne. Philydor erythrocercus guianensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 60, Feb. 1919 — Ituribisi River, Brit. Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 107, 1921 — Camacusa, Ourumee, Brit. Guiana. Philydor erythrocercus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Cayenne; TACZAN- OWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 155, 1884 — part, descr. of Cayenne spec.; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Camacusa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890 — part, a-c, e, Camacusa, British Guiana, Barra [ = Manaos]; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Camopi, French Guiana; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — part, Obidos. Philydor erythrocercus erythrocercus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 500, 1917 — Cayenne (crit.). Range: French and British Guiana, and northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the Amazon (Obidos, Manaos)b. * I am unable to perceive any constant differences between specimens from Bolivia (ruficaudatus) , Peru (subflavescens) , eastern Ecuador and Colombia. A single example from French Guiana and one from Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao) do not seem to be different either. Material examined. — Bolivia: Yuracares i, Rio San Mateo 3. Peru: Yahuar- mayo, Puno i. Ecuador: Rio Napo 6, Sarayacu 2; "Bogotd 3; French Guiana i; Maranhao, Brazil i. b Specimens from Guiana (guianensis CHUBB) are identical with the types from Manaos, as far as I can see. Material examined. — French Guiana 9, British Guiana i, Manaos 2, Obidos 5. 210 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Philydor erythrocercus lyra Cherrie*. LYRA'S PHILYDOR. Philydor erythrocercus lyra CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 186, 1916 — Sixth of March Rapids, Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso (type examined) ; HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 500, 1917 — Para, Calama, Rio Madeira (crit.). Philydor erythrocercus (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Para, part; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — Chamicuros, Xeberos, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 155, 1884 — part, Chamicuros, Xeberos; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 101, 1890 — part, spec, d, Para; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Juru£ (spec, examined); idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 280, 1905 — Igarape-Assii, Para; idem, I.e., 13, p. 365, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata, Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — S. Antonio, Ourem, Rio Guamd; idem, I.e., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Rio Purvis; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Calama, RioMadeira; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 37, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi (Pard localities); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 329, 1914 — part, Para, S. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama, Rio Moju, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Xingii (Victoria), Rio Curua (Mai. do Manuelsinho), Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga), Jamauchim (Sta Helena, Boa vista), Rio Purus. Automolus sclateri paraensis (errore) HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 61, Note, 1902 — part, "juv.", Benevides, Para (spec, examined). Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao westwards, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt), and east- ern Peru (Rio Ucayali, Xeberos, Chamicuros). 2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao i); Peru (Contamana, Rio Ucay- ali i). Genus AUTOMOLUS Reichenbach". Automolus REICHENBACH, Handb. spec. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 173, 1853 — * Philydor erythrocercus lyra CHERRIE: Similar to P. e. erythrocercus, but upper wing-coverts and outer webs of remiges cinnamon or russet brown, instead of dull brown or brownish olive; back tinged with russet; under parts slightly more buffy. Wing (male) 88-92, (female) 80-87 ; tail (male) 70-75, (female) 65-71; bill 16-17. While the size of the bill alluded to by Hartert and Goodson as of possible racial value proves to be extremely variable within the same locality, specimens from Calama (Rio Madeira), the Pard district and Maranhao appear to be somewhat duller, less russet above than those from Matto Grosso with which a single adult from Peru (Rio Ucayali) substantially agrees. More material is required to confirm the constancy of this variation or otherwise. Specimens examined. — Maranhao (Tury-assu) i, Peixe-Boi, Para 7, Calama, Rio Madeira 7, Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt and Barao Melgaco) 2, Rio Ucayali, Peru i . b This genus comes very close to Philydor, but may be separated by stronger, less compressed bill and slightly lengthened crown feathers, suggesting a sort of crest. There is no difference between the two genera, as far as I can see, in the amount of adhesion of the middle toe. A. leucophthalmus and allies have more pointed wings and shorter gonys, as pointed out by R. Ridgway, but this is well within the range of variation in the related genera. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 211 type by monotypy Sphenura sulphurascens LiCHTENSTEiN=/l«a&ates leuco- ophthalmus WIED. Ipoborus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 31, 1859 — new name for Auto- molus REICHENBACH. *Automolus leucophthalmus leucophthalmus (Wied). WHITE-EYED AUTOMOLUS. Anabates leucophthalmus WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 141, 1821 — Rio da Cachoeira, one of the headwaters of the Rio Ilhe'os, Bahia (types examined) ; idem, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1170, 1831 — Rio Ilhe'os; BURMEISTER, Syst. tubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 27, 1856 — Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 127, 1859 — Corcovado (Rio de Janeiro), Ypanema, Sao Paulo (soft parts); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 39, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist Foren., 1870, p. 378 — Lagoa Santa (Minas), Batataes (Sao Paulo). Sphenura sulphurascens LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 41, 1823 —Sao Paulo. Philydor albogularis SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 74, pi. 74, fig. i, 1824 — Rio Verde, Minas Geraes (types in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 625, 1906 (crit.). Xenops gularis LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr., 4, p. 317, Sept. 1830 — new name for Philydor albogularis SPIX, pi. 74 [fig. i]. Xenops rufus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 318, Sept. 1830— "Bresil" (the type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by MENETRIES at Rio de Janeiro); PUCHERAN, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 547, 1853 (crit.). Ipoborus sulphurascens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio. Automolus leucophthalmus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 246, 1889 — Rio Ilhe'os (crit.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95, 1890 — part, "Lagoa dos Patos", Rio Grande do Sul; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 225, 1899 — Tiete', Piracicaba, Iguap6; EULER, I.e., 4, p. 63, 1900 (nest and egg descr.); IHERING, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — "Lagoa dos Patos" (ex SCLATER); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — part, spec, a, Rio de Janeiro; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 239, 1907 — Avanhandava, Ita- pura, Piracicaba, Jaboticabal, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Tiete, Iguap£ (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parana), Espirito Santo, Puerto Bertoni (Paraguay); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 61, 1908 — Fazenda Esperanca, Goyaz; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 302, 1910 — Puerto Bertoni; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 52, 1914 — Puerto Bertoni, Iguassu; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 332, 1914 — Paraguay, Misiones; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (i), p. 99, 1920 — Belmonte-Ilhe'os, Bahia. Phacellodomus Bergianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 78, 1901 — Puerto Ber- toni, Paraguay. Automolus leucophthalmus bergianus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 528 — Sapucay, Para- guay. 212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Automolus leucophthalmus sulphurascens CORY, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., I, p. 340, 1916 — Rio das Velhas, Minas. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Bahia (Rio Ilheos), Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio das Velhas), and Goyaz (Fazenda Esperanga, near Goyaz city), south to Santa Catharina8; Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina (Misiones)b. 5: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas 5). *Automolus leucophthalmus bangs! Cory. BANGS'S AUTOMOLUS. Automolus leucophthalmus bangsi CORY, Auk, 36, p. 540, 1919 — Sao Amaro, a few miles from city of Bahia. Automolus leucophthalmus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 95, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, Bahia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 89, 1906 — part, spec, b-d, Bahia. Range: Coast district of central Bahia, eastern Brazil, i : Brazil (Sao Amaro i). *Automolus infuscatus infuscatus (Sdater). OLIVE-BACKED AUTO- MOLUS. Anabates infuscatus SCLATER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (2) 17, p. 468, 1856 — • A male secured by Carl Lehl at Blumenau on May 30, 1892 in collection of Count Berlepsch examined. The locality "Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul" does not rest on reliable authority. b I am not at all certain tha P- 90, 1890 — part, spec, e, f, Tilotilo, Nairapi, Bolivia. Thripadectes scrutator (not of TACZANOWSKI) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 92, 1889 — "Mapiri", Bolivia (fide CHAPMAN in litt.). Range: Subtropical and Temperate Zones of Colombia (central and eastern Andes), western Ecuador (Niebli, Chaguarpata, Cayande- led), and western Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba). Genus XENOPS Illiger. Xenops ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. & Av., p. 213, 1811 — type by monotypy Xenops genibarbis ILLIGER. Neops VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. el^m., p. 45, 1816 — type by monotypy Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT. Anecorhamphus BILLBERG, Synop. Faun. Scand., i (2), tab. A, 1828 — new name for Xenops ILLIGER. *Xenops minutus minutus (Sparrman). SPARRMAN'S XENOPS. Turdus minutus SPARRMANb, Mus. Carlson., fasc. 3, pi. 68, 1788 — no locality given, we suggest Rio de Janeiro. • Thripadectes holostictus (SCLATER and SALVIN): Nearly allied to T. melano- rhynchus, but somewhat smaller; throat much paler, buff rather than ochraceous, with the blackish lateral edges to the feathers not confluent at the tip; under parts olivaceous brown instead of ochreous, with distinct, though not abruptly defined pale shaft stripes; base of lower mandible pale horn brown. Wing 85-92 ; tail 85-94; bill 23-24. T. holostictus is probably a geographical or zonal representative of T. melanor- hynchus. In Ecuador they replace each other on the western and eastern slope of the Andes, while T. holostictus alone appears to occur in the central Andes of Col- ombia. Both T. holostictus and T. melanorhynchus have been found in the eastern chain of Colombia, the latter, however, at a much lower altitude. I do not see any racial variation in specimens from different localities and even those from Bolivia appear to be inseparable. Material examined. — Colombia: Jerico i. Las Ventanas, Santander 4, Bogota 2. Ecuador: Chaguarpata i, Cayandeled i, Niebli i. Bolivia: Sandillani i, Chaco 2, Yungas of Cochabamba 4. b Prof. Einar Lonnberg, to whom specimens of the various eastern races had been sent for comparison, found the type of Turdus minutus, still preserved in the Stockholm Museum, to be identical with the form described by me as pelzelni. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 233 Xenops genibarbis pelzelni HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55, 1907 — Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo (range); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 313, 1912 — Mburero, Paraguay; BERTONI, El Hornero, i, p. 257, 1919 — Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana. • Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1155, 1831 — southeastern Brazil; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 22, 1856 — Novo Friburgo; SUNDEVALL, Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 2, No. 3, p. 11, 1857 (crit.); PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, P- 133, 1859 — Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Registo do Sai; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Registo do Sai, Ypanema; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, j-1, Bahia, Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 228, 1899 — Iguape', Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 242, 1907 — part, Ypiranga, Ipor- anga, Baurti, Rio Feio, Campinas, Sao Paulo; Ourinho, Parana. Xenops minutus minutus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 58, 1924 (crit.). Range: Wooded coast region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Parana, and Paraguay. 3: Brazil (Bahia i, Sao Paulo i, Sao Sebastiao, Prov. Sao Paulo i). *Xenops minutus genibarbis llliger*. WHISKERED XENOPS. Xenops genibarbis ILLIGER, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. & Av., p. 213, 1811 — Cameta, Rio Tocantins; LA YARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, i, Para; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Tapaj6z; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Para, San Antonio do Prata; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapa- j6z; idem, I.e., p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Para, Providencia, Ananindeua, Benevides, Sta. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, San Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama, Rio Tocantins, Rio Xingu, Rio Tapaj6z, Rio Jamauchim. Xenops genibarbis soror HELLMAYR b, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 4, p. 31, March 1921 — Miritiba, Maranhao. Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 366, 1906 — [San Antonio do] Prata, Para; idem, I.e., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part, Para, Santarem; idem, I.e., 14, p. 365, 1907 — part, Borba; idem, I.e., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Calama, * Xenops minutus genibarbis ILUGER: Nearest to X. m. minutus, but larger, with much heavier bill; throat feathers edged with olivaceous; foreneck slightly varie- gated with buff; wing band much deeper, ochraceous rather than buff. Wing (male) 61-64, (female) 59-62; tail 45-50; bill 13-14. Material examined. — Maranhao: San Martin i, Miritiba 3, Sao Luiz i, Tury- assti 2. Para: Benevides 5, San Antonio i. Rio Tapaj6z: Santarem 8, Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem 5, Aveiro i, Miritituba 4, Villa Braga i. Rio Madeira: Borba 2, Calama 3, Maroins i. b Described by mistake. Birds from Maranhao are absolutely identical with a series from the lower Amazon (Para to the Tapaj6z). When separating soror, I com- pared it with specimens from French Guiana, erroneously supposed to represent genibarbis. 234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Maroins, Rio Machados; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Para, San Antonio; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, P- 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga, Para. Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 133, 1859 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — part, Borba. Xenops genibarbis littoralis (not of SCLATER) REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — San Martin, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (spec, examined). Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Par- nahyba, Maranhao west to the Rio Madeira, extending on the right bank of that river at least as far up as the mouth of the Machados. 3: Brazil, Maranhao (Sao Luiz i, Tury-assu 2). *Xenops minutus obsoletus Zimmer*. WESTERN WHISKERED XENOPS. Xenops minutus obsoletus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 57, 1924 — Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 133, 1859 — part, Sao Joao do Crato, Salto do Girao, left bank of Rio Madeira; idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — part, Sao Joao do Crato, Salto do Girao; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Nauta, Upper Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1867, p. 750, 755 — Chyavetas. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Nauta, Upper Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chamicuros; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., IS, p. m, 1890 — part, spec, w-y, Nauta, Ucayali, Chamicuros, Peru; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Purus; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Cachoeira, Rio Punis. Xenops littoralis (not of SCLATER) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 — Monterico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 162, 1884 — Monterico, Yurimaguas, Moyobamba, Nauta, Upper Ucayali, Chya- vetas, Chamicuros, Peru. Xenops genibarbis approximans BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin, Peru. a Xenops minutus obsoletus ZIMMER: Very similar to X. m. genibarbis, but fore- neck and chest much more spotted with buff; throat more heavily edged with brown- ish; crown less rufescent; cinnamomeous color of tail on average paler. Wing 62- 65; tail 45-50; bill 13-14- Four specimens from northern Bolivia in the Carnegie Museum are perfectly identical with the typical series. Ten skins from the Rio Purus, as a rule, have the crown slightly more rufescent, though some are absolutely indistinguishable from the Peruvian ones. Birds from Humaytha, Rio Madeira closely approach X. m. genibarbis, to which specimens from the opposite (right) bank of the same river (Calama) appear actu- ally to belong. Material examined. — Peru: Guayabamba i, Puerto Bermudez i, Rio Colorado i, Huachipa 2. Bolivia: Rio Surutu 3, Yapacani i. Brazil: Teffe" i, Hyutanahan, Rio Purus 10, Humaytha, Rio Madeira 4. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 235 Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part, Teffe (Rio Solimoes), Guayabamba (Peru); idem, I.e., p. 365, 1907 — part, Humaytha, Rio Madeira. Range: Eastern Peru (in depts. of Amazonas, Loreto, Huanuco, Junin, and northeastern Ayacucho), northern Bolivia (Buena Vista, Yapacani, Dept. Santa Cruz), and western Brazil, east to the Rio Madeira (Humaytha) a. 4: Peru (Puerto Bermudez i, Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo i, Huachipa 2). *Xenops minutus ruficaudus ( Vieilloty. GUIANAN XENOPS. Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Orn. e'le'm., p. 68, 1816 — "La Guiane" = Cayenne. Xenops approximans PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 113 (descr.), 133, 1859 — part, type locality [Barra do] Rio Negro [ = Manaos], as designated by J. T. Zimmer 1924 (spec, examined); PELZELN, Orn. Bras,, i, p. 41, 1868 — part, [Barra do] Rio Negro0. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col. livr., 25, pi. 150, fig. i, 1822; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 420 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, b-h, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Oyapoc, Rio Negro [ = Manaos]; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Munduapo, Nericagua, Maipures, R. Orinoco, Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 146, 1908 — Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 330, 1914 — part, Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 264, 1916 — Upper Orinoco, Caura R. ; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 109, 1921 — British Guiana. Xenops genibarbis genibarbis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 54, 1907 — part, Cayenne, British Guiana, Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura basin), Bogota, a Not having any material from eastern Ecuador, I am unable to ascertain whether Xenops genibarbis (ScLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, 1858, p. 63 (Rio Napo), 457 (Gualaquiza)) should be referred to X. m. obsoletus or X. m. ruficaudus. b Xenops minutus ruficaudus (VIEILLOT) : Nearest to X. m. genibarbis, but larger (except bill) ; crown darker, less ruf escent and distinctly, though narrowly striated with buff; general color of under parts more olivaceous; brownish edges to throat more pronounced; foreneck and chest much more spotted with buff. Wing (male) 64-71, (female) 60-65; tail (male) 51-58, (female) 48-52; bill 13-14. Comparison of forty specimens from north of the Amazon with an excellent series of X. m. genibarbis from Maranhao and Para shows ruficaudus to be readily distinguishable by its striated head, spotted chest, and more olivaceous under parts. Birds from Manaos and Rio Branco are perfectly identical with those from Ven- ezuela and Guiana, and two Bogota skins also appear to belong here. Material examined. — French Guiana 17, Camacusa, British Guiana 3, Caura River, Venezuela n, upper Orinoco (Nericagua, Munduapo) 4, Rio Branco i, Manaos 3, Obidos 5. « An inspection of five of the original specimens (Manaos 2 ,Borba i, Rio Iganna i, Marabitanas i) shows Pelzeln to have confused several races under X. approxi- mans, but as pointed out by J. T. Zimmer (1. c., p. 60) his description was evidently based on the Manaos birds with distinctly striated pileum, making the name a synonym of Neops ruficaudus VIEILLOT. 236 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Colombia; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 66, 1918 — Paramaribo, Surinam. Xenops minutus ruficaudus ZIMMER, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., la, p. 59, 1924 (crit., range). Range : The Guianas ; southern Venezuela (Caura Valley and upper Orinoco), west apparently to the eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes ("Bogota"-collections); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon, west to Manaosa. 2: Brazil (Manaos i, Conceicao, Rio Branco i). *Xenops minutus littoralis Sclaterb. PACIFIC XENOPS. Xenops littoralis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1861, p. 379 — Esmeraldas, n.w. Ecua- dor; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Vinces, Rio Peripa, Ecuador. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 293 — Esmeraldas; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Remedies; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, p-s, Remedies, Esmeraldas, Intac; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Santo Domingo. Xenops genibarbis littoralis HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Chimbo, Paramba; HELLMAYR, I.e., 14, p. 55, 1907 (crit., range); idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1152 — Noanama, Tado, Colombia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 414, 1917 — N6vita Trail, Buenaventura, Barbacoas, Pacific coast; Rio Frio, Puerto Valdivia, Cauca Valley; Malena, Rio Magdalena, Colombia. (?) Xenops ruficauda (not of VIEILLOT) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Turbo. Range: Tropical Zone of Colombia (Pacific slope, Cauca and Mag- dalena valleys) and western Ecuador, south to Chimbo. 18: Colombia (Tad6, Rio San Juan i, Rio Dagua i); Ecuador (Prov. Esmeraldas, Lita 5, Paramba 3, San Javier 4, Pambilar i, Caron- delet i; Santo Domingo i, Chimbo i). • Two birds from the upper Rio Negro (Marabitanas, Rio Icanna) I cannot identify with any known form. They agree in coloration and markings with X. m. genibarbis, but are much duller and more drab brown beneath. Fresh material is required to determine their status. b Xenops minutus littoralis SCLATER: Differs from the eastern races by yellowish rather than whitish throat and much more olivaceous under parts. The crown is dusky brown as in X. m. ruficaudus, but hardly striated with buff. Birds from western Colombia (Noanama, Tad6, Juntas, Rio Dagua) average more brownish underneath, thus pointing to X. m. ridgtaayi. Thirty-eight specimens examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 237 Xenops minutus neglectus Todd*. CARIBBEAN XENOPS. Xenops genibarbis neglectus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 — Las Quiguas, Carabobo, Venezuela; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 293, 1922 — Minca, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, Las Vegas, Cincinnati, Fundaci6n, Don Diego, Dibulla, Tucurinca, Santa Marta region. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 627 — San Esteban, Venezuela; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171 — Minca; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, o, z, a1, Minca, San Esteban; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138, 1898 — Santa Marta; ALLEN, Bull.' Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 — Bonda, Minca, Cacagualito. Xenops genibarbis [subsp.?] HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 104, 1912 — Las Quiguas, Venezuela. Range: Coast ranges of northwestern Venezuela (Cumbre de Val- encia, State of Carabobo) , and Santa Marta district, northern Colombia. *Xenops minutus ridgwayi Hartert and Goodson*. RIDGWAY'S XENOPS. Xenops genibarbis ridgwayi HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 417, 1917 — Tocoume", Panama; BANGS and B ARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 210, 1922 — Mt. Sap6, Jesusito, Darien. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, g-n, Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus (not of SCLATER) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55, 1907 — part; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 643, 1910 — Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 172, 1911 — part, Nicaragua to Panama; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama. Range: (?) Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama. 9 : Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 2) ; Costa Rica (Boruca i, Miravelles i, Orosi i, Guayabo i, Terraba 2); Veragua i. *Xenops minutus mexicanus Sclater. MEXICAN XENOPS. Xenops mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 289, Jan. 1857 — Cor- doba, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. no, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Oaxaca, Cordoba, Mexico; Rio de la Pasion, Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala; LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Santo Tomas, Guatemala. • Xenops minutus neglectus TODD: Exceedingly close to X. m. littoralis, but slightly paler, with the wings and tail cinnamomeous rather than rufous. Seven specimens examined. b Xenops minutus ridgwayi HARTERT and GOODSON: Differs from X. m. littoralis and X. m. neglectus by decidedly more brownish (less olivaceous) under parts and less dusky pileum; from X. m. mexicanus by much less rufous coloration throughout. Twenty specimens from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama examined. 238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xenops genibarbis mexicanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 55, 1907 — part, diag. and hab. eastern Mexico and Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 172, 1911 — part, southeastern Mexico to British Hon- duras; PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375, 1913 — thirty miles n. of Camp Mengel, Terr. Quintana Roo, Mexico. Xenops genibarbis cayoensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 52, 1919 — Cayo, Brit. Honduras8. Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatan), Guatemala, and British Honduras. 2: Guatemala (unspecified 2). *Xenops rutilus rutilus Lichtenstein*. RUFOUS-TAILED XENOPS. Xenops rutilus LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 17, 1823 — Bahia; PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 134, 1859 (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Ypanema (Sao Paulo), Cury- tiba (Parana), Villa Maria, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (spec, exam- ined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 377 — Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; Batataes, Sao Paulo; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 145, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, i-t, Bahia, Rio, Chapada, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 229, 1899 — Iporanga, Sao Paulo; idem, l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., p. 18, 1900 — Tebicuari, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 242, 1907 — Ypiranga, Iporanga, Rio Feio, Mogy-guassu, Ca- conde, Jaboticabal, Barretos, Itapura, Ubatuba, Prov. Sao Paulo; Caxambu, Minas Geraes; Porto Cachoeira, Espirito Santo; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 530 — Sapucay, Paraguay; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Faz. do Sao Antonio, Rio Preto, Bahia; Lake Missao, Buriti and Pe" do Morro, near Parnagud, Piauhy; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana. Xenops genibarbis (not of ILLIGER) SWAINSON, Zool. Illust., (ist ser.), 2, pi. 100, 1821 — Brazil. Xenops rulUans TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 12, pi. 72, fig. 2, 1821 — "Bre'sil"; WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1159, 1831 — Muribecca, Rio Itabapuana, Espirito Santo; BURMEISTER, Syst. U~bers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 23, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio. Xenops affinis SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 352, 1838 — Brazil. Xenops argobronchus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 75, 1901 — Djaguarasapa, Alto Parand. a Four specimens from Manatee Lagoon, in the Carnegie Museum, while much brighter buffy brown underneath than X. m. ridgwayi, do not appear to be separable from X. m. mexicanus. b This form is characterized by having only the inner web of the fourth (and very rarely the extreme base of the third) rectrix black. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 239 Xenops rutilus rutilus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 1908 — Faz. Esperanca, Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (range part, excl. Bolivia and Jujuy) ; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910— part, Alto Parana. Range: Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, Goyaz, and Matto Grosso south to Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraguay. 7: Brazil (Barra da Corda, Maranhao 2, Bahia i, Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 3, Victoria, Sao Paulo i). *Xenops rutilus connectens Chapman*. BOLIVIAN XENOPS. Xenops rutilus connectens CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 259, 1919 — • Todos Santos, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — Guarayos, Bolivia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, u, Bolivia; SALVA- DORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 20, 1897- — San Lorenzo, Jujuy; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — Barranca Colorado, Tucuman. Xenops rutilus rutilus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910 — part, Jujuy, Tucuman. Range: Eastern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba, Guarayos) and northwestern Argentina (prov. of Jujuy and Tucuman). i: Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy i). *Xenops rutilus guayae Hellmayre. GUAYAS XENOPS. Xenops rutilus guayae HELLMAYR, Anz. Orn.-Ges. Bay., 3, p. 18, Oct. 1920 — • Guayaquil, Ecuador. Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Guayaquil; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, f, Balzar Mts. Xenops heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 360, p. 23, 1899 — Vinces, Ecuador. Range: Southwestern Ecuador, in Province of Guayas (Guayaquil, Chimbo, Vinces, Balzar, Rio Salado). i: Ecuador (Chimbo i). a Thirty-two specimens from various parts of Brazil examined. Bahia birds average smaller. b Xenops rutilus connectens CHAPMAN: Agreeing with X. r, rutilus in tail mark- ings (black mainly restricted to inner web of fourth rectrix), but coloration of body plumage more like X. r. heterurus, thus differing from the typical race by duller, less cinnamomeous upper, and more olivaceous, less broadly streaked under parts. Wing (male) 68-70, (female) 65-68; tail 5i-54, (female) 48-51; bill 12-13. Eight speci- mens (Quebrada onda, Suapi, Songo, Guarayos, Bolivia 4; Ledesma, Jujuy 4) examined. Specimens from Argentina (Jujuy) appear to be generally brighter underneath. 0 Xenops rutilus guayae HELLMAYR: Nearest to X. r. connectens, but much smaller, and under parts more buffy as well as more narrowly streaked with whitish. Wing (four specimens) 61-64; tail 45-47; bill 11.5-12. 240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Xenops rutilus heterurus Cabanis and Heine*. STREAKED XENOPS. Xenops heterurus CABANIS and HEiNEb, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — "Colum- bien" =Bogotd; SALVIN, Ibis, 1869, p. 319 — Costa Rica; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 192 — Volcan de Chiriqui. Xenops rutilans (not of TEMMINCK) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, p. 27, 1856 — Bogota; TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 — Trinidad; LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 156, 1866— Trinidad. Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Canta, below Bucaramanga; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 522 — Santa Elena; TACZANOWSKI, l.c., 1874, P- 529 — Royaybamba, Auquimarca; idem, l.c., 1879, p. 231 — Tambillo, Guajango; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 26 — Chirimoto, Cococho, Huambo; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 160, 1884 — Peruvian localities (excl. Chamicuros); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 97 — Machay; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, i, Costa Rica, Volcan de Chiriqui, Santa Elena, Bogotd, Tambillo; SAL- VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 165, 1891 — part, Costa Rica, Chiriqui, Colombia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 158, 1900 — Las Nubes, Santa Marta district; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 61 — Baeza, Ecuador (spec, examined); FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 644, 1910 Costa Rica. Xenops rutilus rutilus (errore) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Laven- tille, Trinidad; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 365, 1908 — Pointe Gourde, Aripo, Trinidad. Xenops rutilus heterurus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 375 — La Gloria, Borgona, Peru; idem, Ornis, 13, p. 92, 1906 — Idma, above Santa Ana, Peru; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 1908 — part, Colombia, Ecuador, (Baeza), Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad (crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 175, 1911 (monog., range excl. Guayaquil, Balzar, Sarayacu, Vinces, Chamicuros, Nauta); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 105, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 414, 1917 — San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Mira- flores, Salento, Santa Elena, Rio Toch6, San Agustin, Fusugasugd, El Roble, Colombia; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 85, 1921 — Idma, San Miguel Bridge, Rio San Miguel, Peru; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 292, 1922 — Cincinnati, Las Vegas, Santa Marta district. Zenops rutilus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 192, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad. a Xenops rutilus heterurus CABANIS and HEINE: Readily distinguished from the other races by the pattern of the tail, the inner web of the third and fourth rectrix being almost entirely black, and the penultimate and fifth also with more or less black at the base. Coloration duller and lower parts less broadly streaked than in X. r. rutilus. b An earlier name is possibly Xenops dentirostris SWAINSON (Anim. Menag., p. 353, 1838 — "Demerara?"). While the color characters correspond well to heterurus, Swainson's remarks on the shape of the bill are rather ambiguous. Unfortunately, the type is not to be found in the University Museum of Cambridge, Eng., where many of Swainson's original examples have been deposited. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 241 Range: Costa Rica (Guayabo, Juan Virias); Panama; Colombia; eastern Ecuador (Baeza) ; Peru (south to the Marcapata Valley, Dept. Cuzco) ; Venezuela (mountain ranges from Merida to Caracas and Ber- mudez) ; Trinidad8. 13: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, Juan Viiias, Dec. 26, 1890, i); Colom- bia (Bogota 6, Santa Elena i); Peru (Huachipa 3, Chinchao i). Xenops rutilus purusianus Toddb. INTERMEDIATE XENOPS. Xenops rutilus purusianus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 79, 1925 — Hyutanahan, Rio Purus, Brazil. Range: Western Brazil (Hyutanahan, Rio Purus). Xenops tenuirostris tenuirostris Pelzeln*. SLENDER-BILLED XENOPS. Xenops tenuirostris PELZELN, Sitzungsber. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 34, p. 112, 133, 1859 — Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira (type examined); idem, Orn. Bras., i, p. 41, 1868 — Salto do Girao; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 76, 1920 — San Gaban, Carabaya, Peru (crit.); CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260, 1919 — Barao Melgaco and Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso. Xenops rutilus tenuirostris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 62, 63, 1900 — Salto do Girao (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 322, 1910 — Salto do Girao. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapa- joz (Apac,y, Itaituba) west to the Purus (Hyutanahan), south to north- ern Matto Grosso (Barao Melgac.o and Rio Roosevelt), and south- eastern Peru (San Gaban, north slope of Sierra de Carabaya). a Birds from Peru and western Venezuela (Merida, Caracas, Carabobo) appear to be identical with those from Colombia, while specimens from Bermudez and Trini- dad are somewhat smaller. Material. — Bogotd 24, Santa Elena i ; Merida i, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo i, Mts. near Caracas 5, Bermudez (Quebrada Secca and Campos Alegre, inland of Cumana) 2; Trinidad 13; Costa Rica 2; Ecuador (Baeza) i; Peru, Chirimoto i, Tambillo i, Chachapoyas i, Guayabamba 2, Garita del Sol 2, Chanchamayo i, Huachipa 3, Chinchao i, Caradoc, Marcapata 2. b Xenops rutilus purusianus TODD: Agreeing with X. rutilus heterurus in tail pat- tern and coloration of back; but under parts considerably paler (Saccardo's olive or light brownish olive rather than Saccardo's umber) and more broadly streaked with whitish; crown darker, less rufescent. Wing (two males) 65-67, (two females) 63- 65; tail 43-47; bill 12-13. This form approaches X. r. rutilus in coloration of lower parts, but has the third as well as the fourth rectrix black on the inner web, the throat more conspicuously edged with brownish, and the back of a lighter, less rufous tinge. Four specimens from Hyutanahan, Rio Punis, in Carnegie Museum examined. 0 Xenops tenuirostris tenuirostris PELZELN: Superficially resembling X. rutilus, but bill very much smaller and slenderer; maxilla on apical portion nearly straight or even slightly bent downwards, mandible less swollen at base and less strongly ascending terminally; buff markings on mantle larger, forming lanceolate spots; tail less graduated, black area much more extensive, the third and fourth rectrix 242 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xenops tenuirostris acutirostris Chapman*. SHARP-BILLED XENOPS. Xenops acutirostris CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 16, Aug. 1923 — Zamora, Prov. Loja, Ecuador (type examined). Xenops heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 566 — Nauta, Peru (spec, in British Museum examined). Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. in, 1890 — part, spec, g, h, Sarayacu (Ecuador), Nauta (Peru) (spec, examined). Range : Eastern Ecuador (Zamora, Rio Suno, Sarayacu) and north- ern Peru (Chamicuros, Nauta). Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri Toddb. NORTHERN SLENDER-BILLED XENOPS. Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925 — Mana, French Guiana. Xenops rutilus heterurus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 62, 1908 — part, Cayenne; BERLEPSCH, I.e., p. 147, 1908 — Cayenne; HARTERT and GOODSON, I.e., 24, p. 418, 1917 — Cayenne and Surinam (crit.). Xenops rutilus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PENARD and PENARD, Voy. Guyana, 2, p. 28, 1910 — Surinam. Range : French and Dutch Guiana. being wholly or for the greater part, the fifth on the outer web of that color, while there is even a little black at the base of the second (penultimate) rectrix; under parts much paler and less brownish, nearest to light grayish olive, with the whitish streaks decidedly narrower and less abruptly defined; under tail-coverts barely shaded with buffy brownish. Wing (six males) 62-65.5; tail 40-45; bill 12. Although formerly considered as a race of X. rutilus, this bird is quite distinct specifically, and in parts of its range lives side by side with representatives of the large billed species. Material examined. — Brazil: Apacy, Rio Tapaj6z 2, Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z i, Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira i, Hyutanahan, Rio Punis i, Barao Melgaco, Matto Grosso i. Peru: San Gaban, Carabaya i. a Xenops tenuirostris acutirostris CHAPMAN: Very closely allied to X. t. tenuiros- tris, with which it agrees in tail pattern as well as in whitish superciliaries and throat ; but somewhat smaller, with slightly slenderer bill; under parts decidedly deeper grayish olive, the whitish shaft stripes broader and more sharply defined; back slightly darker, with rather larger buff markings on interscapulium. Wing (two males) 61, 62, (one female) 56; tail 38-40; bill 12. In structural details (except for its slightly slenderer bill) and color pattern of wings and under parts this bird agrees so closely with X. tenuirostris that I can re- gard it as only subspecifically distinct. Material examined. — Ecuador: Rio Suno, above Avila i, Zamora i, Sarayacu i. Peru: Nauta i. b Xenops tenuirostris hellmayri TODD: Similar to X. t. tenuirostris in size and tail markings, but under parts much more brownish (Saccardo's olive or buffy brown in- stead of grayish olive) ; throat, foreneck, and superciliaries bright buff instead of whitish; crown as a rule darker and more distinctly streaked with buffy. Wing (males) 62-66; tail 44-47; bill 11-12. Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne 5, Mana i, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3 . Surinam: vicinity of Paramaribo i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 243 Genus MICROXENOPS Chapman". Microxenops CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 196, 1914 — type Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN. Microxenops milleri Chapman*. MILLER'S XENOPS. Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33, p. 196, 1914 — foot of Mount Duida, Venezuela (type examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 264, 1916 — foot of Mount Duida. Microxenops milleri guianensis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 — Tamanoir, French Guiana (type examined). Microxenops milleri milleri CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 17, in text, 1923 — foot of Mount Duida; Manacapuru, Rio Solimoes, Brazil. Range: French Guiana (Tamanoir; Pied Saut, Oyapock); south- ern Venezuela (foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco) ; northern Brazil (Manacapurti, Rio Solimoes; Hyutanahan, Anna, Nova Olinda, Rio Purus). Genus MEGAXENOPS Reiser". Megaxenops REISER, Anzeiger Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42, p. 322, 1905 — type Mega- xenops parnaguae REISER. *Megaxenops parnaguae Reiser*. REISER'S RE CURVED-BILL. Megaxenops parnaguae REISER, Anzeiger Akad. Wiss. Wien, 42, p. 322, 1905 — » Genus Microxenops CHAPMAN: Closely resembling the slender billed species of the preceding genus (Xenops tenuirostris and allies) in slightly graduated tail; but tail proportionately shorter, and rectrices more rounded at tip. The bill, while simi- lar in general outline, is stouter, less compressed laterally, with blunt, not acute tip, and terminally less ascending mandible. b Microxenops milleri CHAPMAN: Differs from X. tenuirostris by lacking every trace of the silvery white subauricular streak, and by having no black in the tail. Besides, the crown is much more heavily streaked with buff; the much brighter cin- namon rufous wing band basal rather than subterminal; the wide cinnamomeous apical band of the secondaries, so conspicuous a feature in X. tenuirostris and allies barely suggested by a narrow fringe; the abruptly defined yellow basal area to the lower mandible absent; the legs and feet are pale horn brown, instead of black; the claws yellow, not black. Moreover, the peculiar olive blackish striping of the under parts renders the bird easily recognizable. Wing (male) 68, (female) 62; tail 43, (female) 35; bill 13-14. I cannot discover any constant differences between specimens from various localities. Material examined. — Venezuela: Foot of Mount Duida i. French Guiana: Tamanoir 5, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3. Brazil, Rio Purtis: Hyutanahan 3, Arina 4, Nova Olinda i. "Genus Megaxenops REISER: Nearly allied to Xenops, but of gigantic pro- portions, with much more powerful bill and stronger feet. d Megaxenops parnaguae REISER: Coloration, except the dusky inner webs of remiges and the abruptly denned silky white throat, light cinnamon rufous, some- what paler on the lower parts; bill grayish brown, paler beneath. Wing (male) 75, (female) 72; tail 64,61; bill 15-16. Three specimens including the types examined. 244 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Catinga woods on the trail from Paniagua to Olho d'Agoa, Piauhy (types examined); idem, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — same locality. Range: Northeastern Brazil (in states of Piauhy and Ceara). i : Ceara (Varzea Formosa i). Genus PYGARRHICUS Burmeister. Pygarrhicus BURMEISTER, Handbuch Naturg., p. 769, 1837 — type Dendrocolaptes albogularis KING. Dendrodramus GOULD, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, 1839 — type Dendrodramus leucos- ternus GOULD = Dendrocolaptes albogularis KING. Dromodendron GRAY, Appendix List Genera Birds, p. 6, 1842 — new name for Dendrodramus GOULD. Pygarrhichus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 232, 1847 — emendation of Pygarrhicus BURMEISTER. *Pygarrhicus albogularis (King). WHITE-THROATED TREE-RUNNER. Dendrocolaptes albo-gularis KING, Proc. Comm. Sci. & Corresp. Z. S. Lond., i, "1830-1", p. 30, March 1831 — Straits of Magellan. Dendrodramus leucosternus GOULD in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, p. 82, pi. 27, 1839 — Chiloe Id. and woods near Rancagua, a degree south of Valparaiso. Dendrodramus leucosternon BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., u, p. 112, 1843 — Prov. Colchagua. Pygarhicus albogularis HARTLAUB, Naumannia, 3, p. 210, 1853 — Valdivia. Pygarrhichus albigularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 324 — Chile; OUSTALET, Miss. Scient. Cap Horn, 6, p. B 70, 1891 — Orange Bay; Packsaddle, Pake- waya, Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego. Pygarrhicus albigularis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 433 — Puerto Bueno, Straits of Magellan; SHARPE, I.e., 1881, p. 9 — Skyring Water, Str. of Magellan; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 126, 1890 — Chile, Puerto Bueno, Skyring Water; SCHALOW, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., 4, p. 705, 1898 — Punta Arenas, Str. of Magellan; ARRIBALZAGA, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 164 — Lago General Paz, Chubut; DABBENE, I.e., p. 368, 1902 — Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, p. 303, 1910 — Tierra del Fuego, Lago General Paz, Chubut; CRAW- SHAY, Birds Tierra del Fuego, p. 80, col. pi., 1907 — Rio McClelland Settlement. Pygarrhicus albogularis LANE, Ibis, 1897, p. 39 — Maquegua, Prov. Arauco; PETERS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 318, 1923 — south shore of Lake Nahuel Huapi (descr. juv.); BARROS, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 32, 1924 — Huel- qu6n, Prov. O'Higgins. Pseudoseisura (!) albigularis REED, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 33, 1916 — Sopanta, F. Porta, Prov. Mendoza. Range: Chile, from provinces of O'Higgins (Rancagua) and Colcha- gua south to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego, and adja- 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 245 cent parts of the Argentine provinces of Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, and Chubut. 18: Chile (Pilen Alto, Prov. Maule i ; Curacautin, Prov. Malleco 3; Lake Gualletue', Prov. Cautin 2; Rinihue i, Mafil, Prov. Valdivia 3; Quellon, Chiloe Id. 3, Rio Inio, Chiloe Id. 2, Rio Aysen i, Rio Nire- guao 2). Subfamily SCLERURINAE. Genus SCLERURUS Swainson. Sclerurus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 356, 1827 — generic characters only; type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 42) Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT. Tinactor WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1105, 1831 — type by monotypy Tinactor fuscus WIED. Oxypyga MENETRIES, M^m. Ac. Sci. St. P6tersb., 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), p. 510, 1835 — type by monotypy Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES. Geooecia BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 79, 1901 — type by monotypy Geooecia orryctera BERTONI = Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES. i *Sclerurus scansor scansor (Mtnetriesy. MENETRIES'S LEAF-SCRAPER. Oxypyga scansor MENETRIES, Me'm. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb., (6) 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), p. 520, pi. n, 1835 — Prov. Rio de Janeiro (one of the original examples in Paris Museum examined) and Minas Geraes; CHROSTOWSKI, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., i, p. 25, 1921 (type from Rio de Janeiro in Petrograd Museum). Tinactor fuscus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1106, 1831 — part, descr. of female and hab., Rio Itabapuana, Rio (spec, in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined). Myothera caudacuta (not Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 3, cl. 2, pi. 10, 1833 — Brazil. Scelurus caudacutus BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 45, 1856 — Novo Friburgo. Sclerurus caudacutus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86, 1868 — part, Registre do Sai, Rio, Mattodentro, Ypanema; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 386 — Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Nunq. otios., 2, p. 291, 1874 — Novo Friburgo; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 610 — San Javier, Misiones. Sclerurus umbrella (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, *• Sclerurus s. scansor is obviously specifically distinct from S. caudacutus. In southeastern Brazil, its range closely approaches that of 5. caudacutus umbrella, while its northern representative 5. 5. cearensis may even be expected to occur together with the latter whose area of distribution extends from Espirito Santo to Para. 246 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 — Misiones; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 22, 1889 — part, Rio Grande do Sul, Chapada, Matto Grosso; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 (descr., range); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 243, 1889 (note on Wied's "female" specimen); idem, I.e., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Abrilongo, Matto Grosso; GOELDI, Ibis, 1896, p. 305 — Rio de Janeiro (nesting habits); IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 229, 1899 — Piraci- caba, Iguapd, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Fri- burgo; EULER, I.e., p. 59 (habits); IHERING, I.e., p. 247 (eggs). Sclerurus caudacutus scansor HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 58, 1907 — crit., diag., Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul and Matto Grosso, Misiones ; HARTERT and VENTURI, I.e., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Santa Ana, Misiones (egg descr.); DAB- BENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 303, 1910 — Misiones, Chaco, Argen- tina; idem, I.e., 23, p. 314, 1912 — Gran Potrero, Paraguay; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soe. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 478, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana. Sclerurus scansor IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 245, 1907 — Alto da Serra, Iguape, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Ilha de Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 531 — Sapucay, Paraguay. Geooecia orryctera BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, p. 79, 1901 — Djaguarasapa, Alto Parana. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Rio de Janeiro and Minas Ger- aes, (Lagoa Santa) to Rio Grande do Sul, west to Matto (jrosso (Abri- longo, near Chapada); Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones)8. 3: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes i, Vic- toria i, Sao Sebastiao, Sao Paulo i). Sclerurus scansor cearensis Snethlageb. CEARA LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus caudacutus cearensis SNETHLAGE, Journ. Ornith., 72, p. 446, July 1924 — Sao Paulo, Serra do Ibiapaba, Ceara (type examined). Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Ceara. *Sclerurus albigularis zamorae Chapman0. CHAPMAN'S LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus albigularis zamorae CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 17, Aug. — Zamora, Prov. Loja, Ecuador. • Seventeen specimens from Brazil (Rio 4, Minas Geraes i, Sao Paulo 10, Par- ana 2) and two from Paraguay (Sapucay) examined. b Sclerurus scansor cearensis SNETHLAGE : Similar to 5. 5. scansor, but decidedly smaller, with shorter bill; upper parts paler and more russet; chest much brighter rufous; throat whiter, without distinct dusky apical margins. Wing (male) 86 (against 90-96 in S. s. scansor), female 84-86 (against 86-91); tail 60-70; bill 20.5-23 (against 23-25 in S. s. scansor). Three specimens, including the type examined. Although described as a race of 5. caudacutus, this bird is unquestionably but the northern representative of 5. scansor with which it agrees in the bright rufous chest and rump. 0 Sclerurus albigularis zamorae CHAPMAN: Differs from S. a. albigularis by darker coloration throughout; upper parts auburn rather than raw umber, with the lower 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 247 Tinactor fuscus (not of WIED) TSCHUDI, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 180, 1846— Peru. Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 114, 1884 — part, descr. of Tschudi's specimen. Range: Eastern slope of the Andes of southeastern Ecuador (Za- mora, Prov. Loja), and eastern Peru (Huachipa, Dept. Huanuco). 5: Peru (Huachipa 5). Sclerurus albigularis albigularis Sclater and Salmn. WHITE-THROATED LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus albigularis SCLATER and SALVIN", P. Z. S. Lond., "1868", p. 627, 630, 1869 — Venezuela (locality not specified, we suggest Cumbre de Valencia, State of Carabobo); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 — part, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 47, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; DALMAS, Me'm. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — Tobago; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 28, 1906 — Valencia, Caparo, Trinidad; CHER- RIE, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., i, p. 365, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad. Sclerurus albigularis JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 80, 1847 — Tobago; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 24, 1890 — Venezuela, Tobago. Sclerurus albigularis albigularis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 105, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Colombia. Range : Islands of Tobago and Trinidad; coast ranges of Venezuela, from Bermudez to Tocuyo; eastern Colombia (Buenavista, above Villa- vicencio)1'. rump and tail-coverts duller chestnut and less contrasting with color of back ; upper throat less whitish; chest brighter, hazel rather than tawny; remainder of lower sur- face darker. Wing (male) 93-95, (female) 90-94; tail 61-67; bill 22-25. Birds from Huachipa, Peru are on average somewhat duller on the rump and brighter hazel on the chest than four topotypes from Zamora. aThe name is commonly attributed to SWAINSON ("Ornith. Drawings, pi. 78"), but the plate is not to be found in any of the ten copies of that work which I consulted, and does not appear to have been published. b Birds from Villavicencio merely approach S. a. zamorae by their longer tail and more grayish throat. I cannot discern any constant color differences between a series from Trinidad and fourteen from Venezuela, although the latter are slightly larger. Tobago birds agree in size with those from Trinidad, but have generally rather paler, less rufescent upper parts. MEASUREMENTS MALES WING TAIL BILL Four from Tobago 83-88 58-63 21-21.5 Ten from Trinidad 81-87 58-64 20-21.5 Five from Bermudez, Venezuela 9093 63-67 21-23 Four from Carabobo, Venezuela 87-89 63-65 21-22.5 Two from above Villavicencio, Colombia 91,92 68,68 22,22 FEMALES Three from Tobago 85-87 58-61 21-22 Six from Trinidad 83-86 58-61 20-22 One from Bermudez, Venezuela 93 23.5 Two from Carabobo, Venezuela 87,88 56,62 22 Two from above Villavicencio, Colombia 92,92 67,69 22,23.5 248 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Sclerurus albigularis propinquus Bangs*. SANTA MARTA LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus albigularis propinquus BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 99, 1899 — Chirua, Santa Marta Mts.; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 121, 157, 1900 — Las Nubes, Valparaiso; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 297, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, LasTaguas, Las Vegas, Pueblo Viejo, Santa Marta district. Sclerurus albigularis ?, BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — Palomina. Range : Santa Marta region, Colombia. Sclerurus albigularis canigularis Ridgway. GRAY-THROATED LEAF- SCRAPER. Sclerurus canigularis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 542, 1889 — Tur- rialba, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 12, p. 24, 1890 (monog.); idem, I.e., 16, p. 613, 1893 — Buena Vista, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 645, 1910 — Costa Rica (crit.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 166, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama. Sclerurus albigularis SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 114, 1890 — part, Costa Rica. Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chiriqui). Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus Sclaterb. MEXICAN LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 24, "1856", p. 290, Jan. 1857 — Cordoba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149, pi. 12, 1862 — Cordoba; Coban, Guatemala; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, a-i, Cordoba, Mexico; Raxche', Coban, Savanna Grande, Volcan de Agua, Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 25, 1890 — part, spec, from Mexico and Guatemala only; idem, I.e., 14, p. 471, 1891 — Volcan de Puca, Honduras; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 167, 1891 — part, Mexican and Guatemalan references only; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 32, 1898 — Jalapa. Sclerurus mexicanus certus CHUBB", Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, Jan. 1919 — Volcan de Agua, above San Diego, Guatemala. Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 166, 1911 — part, Mexico to Honduras; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 210, 1922 — Mexico to Honduras (crit.). a Sclerurus albigularis propinquus BANGS: Differs from S. a. albigularis by much darker (burnt umber instead of olive brown) upper parts; much deeper rusty chest; darker belly; generally more grayish throat, etc. Twelve specimens examined. This race forms the transition to the still darker 5. a. canigularis, of Costa Rica. b Sclerurus m. mexicanus is characterized by its extremely long, slender bill (25-27 mm.) and by the intense tawny rufous of the throat being extended all over the chest. 0 This form is apparently not separable. Only one of two' Guatemala skins differs by darker, more vandyke brown upper parts, while the othetf as well as an adult male from Honduras (Volcan de Puca) are indistinguishable from Mexican examples. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 249 Range: Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Mexico; Guatemala; Honduras (Volcan de Puca). Sclerurus mexicanus pullus Bangs*. DUSKY LEAF-SCRAPER. Sderurus mexicanus pullus BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 45, 1902 — Boquete, Panama (type examined); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 1 68, 1911 — western Panama and Costa Rica. Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 645, 1910 — Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica. Range: Caribbean slope of western Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui) and Costa Rica (Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Carrillo)b. Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus Bangs and Barbour". PANAMA LEAF- SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 209, 1922 — Mount Sap6, Panama (type examined). Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 465, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, n, Frontino; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 25, 1890 — part, Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 167, 1891 — part, Lion Hill, Panama, Frontino, Colombia; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama (spec, examined). Sclerurus mexicanus mexicanus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 166, 1911 — part, Panama, Frontino. Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 520 — Frontino, western Andes, Colombia. Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. • Sclerurus mexicanus pullus BANGS : Similar to S. m. mexicanus, but bill decidedly shorter; upper parts much darker, deep sepia, the lower rump and tail-coverts deep chocolate brown (instead of chestnut rufous) ; tawny rufous of throat and chest rather deeper; breast and abdomen much darker sepia. Wing 77-82; tail 53-60; bill 20.5- 23, once 24. Material. — Boquete, Chiriqui 2 . Costa Rica: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui 4, Carrillo i (Nov. 20, 1897, C. F. Underwood, Tring Museum). Birds from Costa Rica, while slightly pointing towards 5. m. mexicanus, are much nearer to pullus. b In the absence of material I am unable to ascertain whether birds from Veragua (Calovevora, Cordillera de ToM, Santiago) are referable to 5. m. pullus or S. m. ano- malus. 0 Sclerurus mexicanus anomalus BANGS and BARBOUR : Similar in coloration to S. m. mexicanus, except for the brighter tawny of throat and chest, but with much shorter and stouter bill; agreeing in shape and shortness of bill with S. m. pullus, but much paler throughout. Wing 75-84; tail 51-60; bill 21-23.5. Material. — Panama: Loma del Leon 2, Mt. Sap6 2. Colombia: Puerto Val- divia i, La Frijolera i. The only adult bird from Colombia (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 133584 female, La Frijolera, Antioquia, Dec. 31, 1914, MILLER and BOYLE), while agreeing with Panama examples in coloration of upper parts, approaches S. m. obscurior by the restriction of the tawny color below. 250 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — part, Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca; Tacarcuna, Panama (spec, examined). Sclerurus guatemalensis (errore) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., 7, p. 4, 1863 — Isthmus of Panama. Range: Eastern Panama (Lion Hill, Tacarcuna, Mt. Sapo) and adjacent parts of northern Colombia (Frontino; Puerto Valdivia, La Frijolera, lower Cauca, Prov. Antioquia). Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior Hartert*. PACIFIC LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 8, p. 370, 1901 — Lita, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (type examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — part, San Antonio, Colombia (spec, examined). Sclerurus mexicanus SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, o, Intac. Range: Western Colombia (San Antonio) and western Ecuador, south to Province El Oro. Sclerurus mexicanus andinus Chapman*. EAST ANDEAN LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus andinus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 33, p. 622, 1914 — Buenavista, above Villavicencio, Colombia (type examined). Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, m, Bogota (spec, examined). Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior (not of HARTERT) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — part, Buenavista. Range: Base of Eastern Andes, Colombia (Buenavista, above Villavicencio; also found in "Bogota" collections). *Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus Chubb0. PERUVIAN LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, 1919 — Yurimaguas, Peru (type examined). Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, • Sclerurus mexicanus obscurior HARTERT: Nearest to S. m. anomalus, but the tawny throat area, instead of being abruptly defined posteriorly, blends with the mummy brown abdomen through a transitional zone, the feathers of the chest being brown with dull tawny apical margins ; chestnut area above restricted to upper tail- coverts and deeper in tone, more like 5. m. pullus; back and wings deeper sepia brown; bill longer and more slender. Wing 75-81 ; tail 51-58; bill 22-25. Material. — Ecuador: Prov. Esmeraldas, Lita (type) i, Bulun i, Paramba2; El Chiral, Santa Rosa-Zaruma trail, Prov.. del Oro i. Colombia: San Antonio i. b Sclerurus mexicanus andinus CHAPMAN: Exceedingly close to S. m. obscurior, but upper parts and abdomen decidedly paler, less rufous, and chestnut uropygial area brighter as well as more extensive. Wing 77-84; tail 60-64: bill 23.5-25. Four specimens from the type locality, and two "Bogota" skins examined. 0 Sclerurus mexicanus peruvianus CHUBB: Closely allied to 5. m. andinus, but immediately recognizable by lacking the bright chestnut rufous uropygial area, the 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 251 p. 750, 755 — Yurimaguas; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 115, 1884 — Yuri- maguas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, p, q, Sarayacu (Ecuador), Yurimaguas (Peru). Range : Eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu, Zamora) and Peru (Yurima- guas, Dept. Loreto; Puerto Bermudez, Ucayali drainage, Dept. Junin). i: Peru (Puerto Bermudez i). *Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli Chubb*. GUIANAN LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 41, 1919 — Ituribisei River, British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 92, 1921 — Ituribisci River, Ourumee, Brit. Guiana (spec, examined). Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Rio Capim (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, s, Capim; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Capim River; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 — Peixe-Boi, Para (spec, examined). Range: French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, from Maran- hao (Rosario) and Para (Peixe-Boi, Rio Capim) to the Tapajoz (Col- onia do Mojuy, Miritituba, Apacy, Villa Braga, Itaituba). i: Brazil, Maranhao (Rosario i). Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae Chubb*. BAHIA LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 42, 1919 — Bahia, Brazil (type examined). upper tail-coverts being just a slight shade more rufescent than the back. Wing 78-81 ; tail 53-61; bill 22-24. Material. — Peru: Yurimaguas (type) i, Puerto Bermudez i. Ecuador: Zamora, Prov. de Loja i (American Museum Nat. Hist., No. 167369). a Sclerurus mexicanus macconnelli CHUBB: Not unlike S. m. anomalus in having an extensive chestnut rufous area on the rump, and the throat and chest bright tawny rufous; but tail longer, bill longer and more slender, upper parts and abdo- men much paler and more olivaceous. From its geographical neighbors S. m. andinus and 5. m. peruvianus, it can easily be distinguished by the much more intense tawny rufous throat area being carried well over the chest, the much more olivaceous gen- eral coloration, and from peruvianus, in addition, by the bright chestnut rufous uro- pygial zone. Wing 78-86; tail 58-65; bill 22-25. Material. — Tamanoir, Mana River, French Guiana 2. Ourumee, British Guiana i. Brazil, Para: Peixe-Boi i, Rio Capim i, Colonia do Mojuy 4, Miritituba i, Apagy i, Villa Braga 2, Itatituba i; Maranhao, Rosario i. b Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae CHUBB: Differs from 5. m. macconnelli by much darker, almost chocolate brown upper parts; deep rufous brown rump, less contrast- ing with color of back; decidedly deeper tawny throat and chest, and much darker, sepia instead of olivaceous brown abdomen. Wing 85-86; tail 63-64; bill 23-24. Three Bahia skins, the type in the British, one in the Paris, and one in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, examined. 252 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Sclerurus mexicanus (not of SCLATER) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 25, 1890 — part, spec, ex Bahia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 115, 1890 — part, spec, t, Bahia. Range: Eastern Brazil (State of Bahia). Sclerurus ruf igularis rufigularis Pelzeln*. SHORT-BILLED LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus rufigularis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 87, 161, 1868 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira (type in Vienna Museum examined) b; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 364, 1906 — part, Borba, Sao Antonio do Prata, Pard (crit.); idem, I.e., 17, P- 323, 1910 — part, Borba, Pard district; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Sao Antonio, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 — part, Pard, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeua, Benevides, Peixe-Boi, Pard dist. ; Cameta, Rio Tocantins. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Para to the Rio Purus. Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis Todd*. OCHREOUS-THROATED LEAF- SCRAPER. Sderurus rufigularis fulvigularis TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 — Tamanoir, French Guiana (type examined). Sclerurus rufigularis (not of PELZELN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 87, 161, 1868 — part, Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 364, 1906 — part, Marabitanas; Takutu and Carimang Rivers, Ourumee, Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; idem, l.c., 17, p. 323, 1910 — part, Marabitanas, Guianas; BERLEPSCH, I.e., 15, p. 147, 1908 — Ipousin, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p- 332, 1914 — part, Obidos; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 92, 1921 — Supenaam, Makauria, Anarica, Carimang River, Ourumee, Takutu R., Bartica Grove. • Sclerurus rufigularis rufigularis PELZELN: Superficially resembling S. mexicanus macconnclli, also found on the lower Amazon, but bill much shorter and slenderer; chestnut uropygial area duller and less extensive; throat and chest much paler, cin- namon tawny rather than tawny rufous. Wing 78-82; tail 59-68; bill 16.5-18.5. Material. — Para: Benevides 5, Sao Antonio do Prata i, Villa Braga, R. Tapa- joz i; Borba, Rio Madeira (type) i; Arina, R. Punis i, Hyutanahan, R. Purus 2. b Pelzeln's original description covjers both S. r. rufigularis (an adult female from Borba), and S. rufigularis fulvigularis (two males from Marabitanas, Rio Negro), as examination of the material in the Vienna Museum disclosed. We, therefore, formally designate No. 20236 9 ad., Borba, Rio Madeira, June 22, 1830, J. Nat- terer, as type. c Sclerurus rufigularis fulvigularis TODD: Differs from 5. r. rufigularis by much paler, warm buff to ochraceous buff (instead of cinnamon tawny) throat, this color passing into dull ochraceous tawny on malar region, foreneck and chest, the latter obsoletely flammulated with buff. In S. r. rufigularis these parts are much darker, between cinnamon rufous and tawny, and the markings on tie chest are but rarely suggested by faint hair-like shaft lines. Wing 76-82; tail 56-64; bill 16-19. Material. — French Guiana: Tamanoir 6, Pied Saut, Oyapock 3, Ipousin, Rio Approuague i. British Guiana: Rio Carimang 2, Rio Takutu i, Ourumee i, Bartica Grove i. Venezuela: Upper Caura i. Brazil: Marabitanas, Rio Negro 2, Demonti, Oyapock, i, Obidos 4. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 253 Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, e, h, i, Bartica, Carimang River (spec, examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — part, Bartica Grove (spec, examined). Range: French and British Guiana; eastern Venezuela (Caura Valley); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon (Obidos; Marabitanas, Rio Negro). Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus ( Vieillot}. BLACK-TAILED LEAF- SCRAPER. Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 3, p. 310, 1816 — "la Guyane" = French Guiana; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 419 — part, Cama- cusa, Mei-urne" Mts., Rio Atapurow; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 27, 1890 — Cayenne; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, b, d, f, g, j, k, Cayenne, Merume' Mts., Rio Atapurow, Camacusa, Rio Carimang (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 147, 1908 — Cay- enne; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 91, 1921 — British Guiana. Myothera longirostris (CuviER MS.) LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, text to pl- 7 [p- 3» footnote], 1832 — new name for Thamnophilus caudacutus VIEILLOT. Sclerurus brunneus (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149, 1862 — part, spec, b, Cayenne. Sclerurus caudacutus caudacutus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 1907— Cay- enne, Brit. Guiana (crit.). Range : French and British Guianaa. Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (Lichtensteiri)*. SPINY LEAF-SCRAPER. Myiothera umbretta LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 43, 1823 — Bahia (type in Berlin Museum examined; =juv.). Tinactor fuscus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1106, 1831 — part, descr. of male only, and hab. Rio Belmonte, Bahia (type in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined; =juv.). Sclerurus lawrencei RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889", p. 28, Feb. 1890 — Bahia (type in American Museum Nat. Hist, examined; = adult). Myioturdus umbretta MENETRIES, Me"m. Ac. Sci. St. P£tersb., (6) 3, Part 2 (Sci. Nat.), p. 468, 1835 — Bahia (ex LICHTENSTEIN). Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., B Seven British Guiana birds have the throat more buffy with fewer dusky edges than a single Cayenne skin. This little known form requires further study. b Sclerurus caudacutus umbretta (LICHTENSTEIN) : Differs from S. c. caudacutus, of Guiana, by pure white throat, each feather with a narrow, dusky brown apical margin; less rufescent chest (which is dull tawny brown, much like the sides of the head) ; more brownish breast, abdomen, and upper parts. Material. — Espirito Santo 2, Bahia 3, Igarape-Assu, Pard i, Capim River i, Villa Braga, Tapaj6z 3, Tucunare1, Rio Jamauchim i, Borba i, Calama 4, Maroins, Rio Machados i. 254 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1867, p. 573 — Rio Capim (spec, examined); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86, 1868 — part, Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, c "Brazils" (=Bahia), 1, Capim River (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 279, 1905 — Igarape"- Assu ; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Villa Braga, R. Tapajdz (spec, examined). Sclerurus fuscus ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 242, 1889 (note on Wied's "male" type); RIDGWAY, Proc. U.-S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 28, 1890 — part, descr. of type of Tinactor fuscus only". Sclerurus caudacutus umbrella HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 1907 — eastern Brazil from Bahia to Para, west to Borba (crit., diag.); idem, I.e., 17, p. 323, 1910 — Calama, Maroins, Rio Madeira (range); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Igarape"-Assu, Capim, Para; idem, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 143, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Porto Cachoeira, Espirito Santo; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 332, 1914 — Peixe-Boi, Arumatheua, Villa Braga, Rio Jamauchim; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe"os-Belmonte, Prov. Bahia. Sclerurus umbrella IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 244, 1907 — Porto Cachoeira, Esp. Santo (spec, examined). Range: Eastern and northern Brazil, in states of Espirito Santo and Bahia, and on the south bank of the lower Amazon, from Para to the^Rio Madeirab. *Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus Sclater0. BROWN LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus brunneus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 17, June 1857 — Bogota (type examined; =juv.); idem, I.e., 26, p. 62, 1858 — Rio Napo, Ecuador; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 149, 1862 — part, spec, a, Bogota; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 1 1 6, 1890 — part, spec, a, c-g, Bogota, Sarayacu (Ecuador), Chyavetas, Yurimaguas, Iquitos (Peru) (spec, examined); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecua- dor (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurua; * As pointed out by me (Nov. Zool., 14, p. 57, 1907), Mr. Ridgway made a mis- take in allocating the Rio Itabapuana. On lately examining the "male" type of Tinactor fuscus WIED, I found my surmise of its being a young bird of umbrella to be quite correct. There is hardly any doubt that it was taken somewhere in the State of Bahia where Lichtenstein's original example also came from. b A single adult from Para (Igarap£-Assu) appears to me inseparable from Bahia specimens. Birds from the Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) and Rio Madeira are somewhat variable, some being quite indistinguishable from the type of S. lawrencei, while others closely approach 5. c. brunneus, if the latter can be maintained. 0 Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus SCLATER: Exceedingly close to 5. c. umbrella, but front and sides of head raw umber, with hardly any rufescent tinge, and chest much less shaded with tawny. This form hardly deserves recognition, but more satisfactory material should be examined before it is condemned. At all events I am quite unable to discover what- soever differences between Peruvian (olivascens) and Colombian specimens. Material. — Bogota i, Rio Meta i, Marabitanas 2, Rio Santiago, Ecuador 2, Teffe' i, Chyavetas i, Yurimaguas i, Marcapata i, Moyobamba i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 255 CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 415, 1917 — La Murelia, La Flor- encia, Caqueta region, Colombia. Sclerurus caudacutus var., PELZELN, Orn. Bras., 2, p. 86, 1868 — Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined). Sclerurus caudacutus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Yurimaguas, Chyavetas (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 269 — same localities; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 114, 1884 — part, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas. Sclerurus olivascens CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 67, 1873 — Monterico, Aya- cucho; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 526 — Monterico; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 115, 1884 — Monterico. Sclerurus caudacutus brunneus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 56, 58, 1907 — Teff£, Rio Solimoes (crit., range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 333, 1914 (range). Sclerurus umbretta brunneus IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 244, 1907 — Rio Jurud. Sclerurus fuscus (not of WIED) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 28* 1890 — part, spec, ex Rio Napo. Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Caqueta region) through eastern Ecuador to Peru (south to Monterico, Dept. Ayacucho, and Marcapata, Dept. Cuzco), east to western Brazil (Mara- bitanas, Rio Negro; Teffe", Rio Solimoes; Rio Jurua). i: Peru (Moyobamba i). *Sclerurus guatemalensis guatemalensis (Hartlaub). GUATEMALAN LEAF-SCRAPER. Tinactor guatemalensis HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 370, 1844 — Guatemala. Sclerurus guatemalensis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 354 — Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 117, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Choctum, Vera Paz, Panama; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 30, 1890 — Guatemala to Isthmus of Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 168, pi. 44, fig. i, 1891 — part, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Rio Escon- dido, Nicaragua; LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Chaloma, Honduras; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; idem, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 646, 1910 — Bonilla, La Concepcion de Jimenez, La Vijagua, Cerro de Santa Maria, El General de Terraba, El Hogar, El Pozo, Boruca, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 169, 1911 — Mexico to Panama; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama (nest and egg). Sclerurus guatemalensis guatemalensis BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 210, 1922 — Mt. Sap6, Rio Esndpe, Jesusito, Darien (crit.). 256 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Tabasco, south through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica to eastern Panama (Canal Zone, Darien)a. 5: Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua 2); Costa Rica (Bor- uca i, Palmar 2). *Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini Salvador* and Festab. SALVIN'S LEAF-SCRAPER. Sclerurus salvini SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 23, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador (type examined). Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 615, 1902 — San Javier, Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas (spec, examined). Sclerurus brunneus (not of SCLATER 1857) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 116, 1890 — part, spec, b, Balzar, Ecuador (spec, examined). Sclerurus guatemalensis (not of HARTLAUB) SCLATER, I.e., p. 117, 1890 — part c, Santa Rita, Ecuador (spec, examined); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 169, note*, 1891 — part, Ecuador. Range: Pacific coast of Ecuador (from Prov. Esmeraldas south to Guayas), and probably Colombia (Rio Ingador)8. i: Ecuador (Carondelet, Prov. Esmeraldas i). Genus LOCHMIAS Swainson. Lochmias SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. u, p. 355, 1827 — generic characters only; type by subs, desig. (SWAINSON, Orn. Draw., Part 3, pi. 33, 1836) Lochmias squamulata SWAINSON = Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN. Picertkia Is. GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat., i, p. 392, 1832 — type Furnarius sancti-hilarii LESSON = Myiothera nematura LICHTEN- STEIN. Lochmia SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 320, July 1837 — type Lochmia squamu- lata SWAINSON. a According to BANGS and BARBOUR (I.e.,) birds from Darien are, as a rule, darker, thus pointing somewhat toward S. g. salvini. b Sclerurus guatemalensis salvini SALVADORI and FESTA: Similar to S. g. guate- malensis, but upper parts very much darker, chocolate rather than Vandyke brown; upper tail-coverts darker than the back, almost blackish brown (instead of dull rufous brown as in S. g. guatemalensis); chest more strongly tinged with tawny, though marked in a similar way; breast and abdomen decidedly deeper sepia brown. Wing 80-86; tail 56-62; bill 22-24. Material. — Ecuador: Rio Peripa i, Santa Rita i, Balzar i, San Javier 3, Bulun 2, Carondelet 2. 0 I have very little doubt that the young bird from the Rio Ingador, Pacific Colombia, referred to by various authors under the name of Sclerurus brunneus (CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 29, 1890; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr:-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 168, 1891) will prove to belong to S. guatemalensis salvini. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 257 Hydrolegus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 74, 1901 — type Hydrolegus silvestri~ anus BERTONI = Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN. Lochmias nematura nematura (Lichtenstein) . SHARP-TAILED CREEPER. Myiothera nematura LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 43, 1823 — S5o Paulo. Furnarius sancti-hilarii LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 307, Sept. 1830 — Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined). Lochmias squamulata SWAINSON, Orn. Draw., Part 3, pi. 33, 1836. Lochmias wewatera BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 6, 1856 — Congon- has, Minas Geraes; idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 248, 1860 — Parana, Entrerios; idem, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 462, 1861 — Parana; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 35, 1868 — Mattodentro, Ypanema, Sao Paulo; Curytiba, Parana; EULER, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 189, 194, 198, 399, 1867 — Cantagallo, Rio (nest and eggs descr.); CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 86, 1874 — Cantagallo; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 387 — Lagoa Santa, Minas; Faz.Rozario, near Novo Friburgo, Pirahy, Rio; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 142, 1885 — Taquara, Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 174, 1888 — Parana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part, Brazil; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. in, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; GOELDI, Ibis, 1894, p. 490 — Rio de Janeiro (breeding habits); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 220, 1899 — Piquete, Ipiranga, Piracicaba, SSo Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, I.e., p. 242 (nest); idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 128, 1899 — Rio Grande do Sul; OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 134, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 229, 1907 — Piquete, Campo do Jordao, Ilha de Sao SebastiSo, Itarar6, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo; Ourinho, Parana; LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, p. 351, 1909 — Campo Itatiaya; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 523 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 291, 1910 — Entrerios, Paraguay; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 329, 1914 — range in Argentina; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 19, 1920 — Montevideo, Canelones, Uruguay. Lochmias nematura nematura MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 65, 1906 — Serra d'Estrella, Rio de Janeiro; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 58, 1908 — Goyaz; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 307, 1912 — Paso Yuvay, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, p. 140, 1915 — Braco do Sul, Espirito Santo. Hydrolegus silvestrianus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 74, 1901 — Alto Parana. Range: Southern Brazil, north to Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Minas Geraes; Uruguay; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Misiones, En- trerios) . Lochmias nematura castanonota Chubb*. GUIANA SHARP-TAILED CREEPER. Lochmias nematura castanonota CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 38, p. 87, 1918 — '•Lochmias nematura castanonota CHUBB: "Differs from L. n, nematura in being rich chestnut brown above instead of dusky olive, less white below, especially on the 258 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. "Araparu River" in the Kukenam Mts., British Guiana; idem, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 89, 1921 — Aruparu River. Lochmias nematura (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 418 — Kukenam Mts.; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part, spec, e, "River Arranparu," Kukenam, Brit. Guiana. Range: British Guiana (Kukenam Mountains). *Lochmias nematura obscurata Cdbanis*. PERUVIAN SHARP-TAILED CREEPER. Lochmias obscurata CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 65, 1873 — Monterico, n.e. Aya- cucho, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 526 — Monterico; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 619 — Baganti, Bolivia; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 113, 1884 — Monterico; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 401 (in text), 1917 — Inca Mines =Santo Domingo, Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 82, 1921 — Santa Ana. Lochmias sororia (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part, spec, e, Baganti, Bolivia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 91, 1906 — Santa Ana. Range: Peru (in depts. Ayacucho, Huanuco, Cuzco, and Puno), and Bolivia (western Yungas). i: Peru (Chinchao i). Lochmias nematura sororia Sclater and Salvin*. NORTHERN SHARP- TAILED CREEPER. Lochmias sororia SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 511 — Venezuela = vicinity of Caracas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 28, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Venezuela, Bogota, Sarayacu, Ecuador; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 401, 1917 — Miraflores, central Andes; Buena Vista, east- ern Andes, Colombia. flanks, the white shaft streaks on under tail-coverts almost obsolete, and in smaller size. Wing 64; tail 43 mm." (CHUBB, I.e.). This form which we have not seen is known from a single female shot by the late Henry Whitely, Jr., on the Aruparu River, Kukenam Mts., Brit. Guiana, at an elevation of 5,000 ft. According to the description, it would seem to be intermediate between nematura and sororia, combining the whitish superciliary streak of the former with the general coloration of the latter. • Lochmias nematura obscurata CABANIS: Differs from L. n. nematura by much darker, less brownish coloration, by lacking the whitish superciliary streak and by the reduction of the white spots underneath. Wing 78-80; tail 53-55; bill 22-23. Three specimens from Peru and Bolivia examined. b Lochmias nematura sororia SCLATER and SALVIN: Resembling L. n. obscurata in absence of whitish superciliary streak, but much brighter chestnut brown above, with sides of head and neck and flanks much more rufous brown, and the white spots below much larger. Wing 75-77; tail 50-54; bill 22-23. Two specimens from Bogotd and two from eastern Ecuador, but none from the type locality examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 259 Lochmias obscurata (not of CABANIS) TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 94 — Machay, Ecuador. Lochmias nematura obscurata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 65, 1906 — Bogotd (crit.). Range: Venezuela (vicinity of Caracas); Colombia (central and eastern Andes) ; eastern Ecuador (Machay, Sarayacu) . FAMILY DENDROCOLAPTIDAE. WOOD-HEWERS. Genus DENDROCOLAPTES Hermann. Dendrocolaptes HERMANN, Observ. Zool., p. 135, 1804 — type by subs, desig. (SWAINSON, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, p. 292, 1821) "Gracula cayennen- sis, of LINNAEUS" [=GMELIN] =Picus certhia BODDAERT. Dendrocopus VIEILLOT, Analyse nouv. Ornith. 61£m., p. 45, 1816 — type by subs, desig. (SCLATER, 1890) "Le Picucule" of BUFFON = Picus certhia BODDAERT. Dendrocops SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 314, July 1837 — type by orig. desig. Dendrocolaptes platyrostris SPIX. Orthocolaptes LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — type by subs, desig. (SCLATER, 1890) Gracula cayennensis GMELIN = Picus certhia BODDAERT. Premnocopus CABANIS, Arch. Naturg., 13 (i), p. 339, 1847 — new name for Dendrocops SWAINSON. Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor Pelzeln. PELZELN'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes concolor PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 62, 1868 — [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso, Salto do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira* (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — Borba; (?)SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 345, 1914 — part, Rio Xingu (Victoria), Tamucury (south bank of Amazon, east of Santarem), Rio Jamauchim (Tucunare) . Dendrocolaptes obsoletus (not of LICHTENSTEIN, 1820) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, "1887", p. 527, 1888 — Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapaj6z (type examined). Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 — new name for Dendrocolaptes obsoletus RIDGWAY, preoccupied. Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 336, 1910 — Borba and Salto do Girao, Rio Madeira. • Natterer, its discoverer, having obtained six specimens at Borba, and one each at Villa Bella de Matto Grosso and Salto do Girao, we designate Borba, Rio Madeira as type locality. b It must remain doubtful if the localities quoted above really refer to the present species. Examples from Villa Braga, marked "concolor" by Miss Snethlage, which I have seen in the Tring Museum, turn out to belong to D. hoffmannsi. 260 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Diamantina, near Santarem. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira and its head-waters (Rio Guapore", near Villa Bella de Matto Grosso) east to the Tapajoz*. *Dendrocolaptes certhia medius Toddb. PARA WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes certhia medius TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 33, p. 74, 1920 — Benevides, Para, Brazil. Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Para. Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173, 1890 — part, spec. 1, m, Para; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 — Igarape"-Assu, Magoary, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — part, Para, Providencia, Apehu, Peixe-Boi, Rio Guamd (Santa Maria do Sao Miguel), Rio Tocantins (Cametd). Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 124, 1906 — part, spec, f, Pard; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 366, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 41, 92, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, and Pard localities; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, near Para. Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Para, west to the Tocantins". 4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-assu 4). *Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia (Boddaert). BUFFON'S WOOD-HEWER. Picus certhia BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. enl., p. 38, 1783 — based on "Le Picucule, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 621, Cayenne. Gracula cayennensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 399, 1788 — based on DAUBEN- TON, PI. enl. 621, Cayenne. Gracula scandens LATHAM, Ind. Orn., i, p. 193, 1790 — based on DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 621, Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes communis LESSON, Traite d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 312, pi. 72, fig. 2, Sept. 1830 — "Guiane". * Recent examination of a considerable series from Santarem and the left bank of the Tapaj6z in the Carnegie Museum shows D. c. ridgwayi to be inseparable from concolor. There is so much individual variation in color of maxilla, tinge of lower parts, and amount of dusky markings on foreneck and smaller upper wing-coverts, that none of these characters can be relied upon for racial distinction. b Dendrocolaptes certhia medius TODD : Similar to D. c. certhia, but throat more whitish (less buff) ; under parts paler, less rufescent, with the dusky cross bars nar- rower and less distinct; bill more blackish. Material examined. — A large series from the Para district and four specimens from western Maranhao (Tury-assu). 0 The locality "Pernambuco" is most certainly erroneous. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 261 Dendrocolaptes graculus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., Tabl. me"th., p. 66, Jan. 1839 — based on "Le Picucule, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PL enl. 621. Premnocopus undulatus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 689, 1848 — Canuku Mts., Brit. Guiana. Dendrocolaptes cayennensis LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1818 — 19, p. 201, 1820 — based on "Le Picucule, de Cayenne" DAUBENTON, PL enl. 621. Dendrocops cayennensis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 1851 — part, descr. of supposed juvenile plumage (p. 323) from Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes certhia PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Forte do Rio Branco and Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], No. 963 (juv.), part (spec, examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume Mts., Ror- aima, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173, 1890 — part, spec, b-k, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Demerara (Brit. Guiana), Albina (Surinam); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 68, 1902 — Nericagua, Mataben, Munduapo (R. Orinoco), Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion (Caura R.), Venezuela (spec, examined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Camopi, French Guiana (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 150, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec, examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — part, Rio Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira, Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 271, 1916 — Caura and Orinoco Rivers; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo and Lelydorp, Surinam; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 132, 1921 — British Guiana. Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 124, 1906 — part, spec, a-e, Camopi, Merume" Mts., Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes radiolatus (not of SCLATER and SALVIN, 1867) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — part, spec, g-h, Carimang River, British Guiana (spec, examined). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Caura and Orinoco basin, up to Munduapo, Mataben, and Nericagua) ; northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos)a. i: Brazil (Conceicao, Rio Branco i). • Taken as a whole, the birds inhabiting the area circumscribed above, agree fairly well together. There is, of course, some individual variation in the amount of barring below, and examples with slight traces of broken dusky cross lines on the back are not uncommon in the Guianas, Venezuela, as well as on the north bank of. the lower Amazon. The gap between certhia and radiolatus is bridged by certain in- dividuals from British Guiana, notably a couple from the River Carimang (actually referred to radiolatus by the late P. L. Sclater), two from Bartica Grove, and a male from the Merume' Mts. Two birds from Mataben, upper Orinoco approach radiolatus even more closely, and differ from Peruvian specimens only by somewhat narrower bars above and less ochraceous ground color of the under parts; but six other skins from the same region (Munduapo, Nericagua) are much less banded and cannot be distinguished from the normal type of certhia. Plate 621 of Daubenton's "Planches enlumine'es" upon which the specific name was based, is a very satisfactory representation of the present species. Later it was 262 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus Ihering*. IHERING'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes juruanus IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904", p. 437, May 1905 — Rio Jurua (types examined). Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 265, 1857 — Ega, Rio Solimoes. Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Marabitanas, Rio Negro, No. 963 (juv.) part (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 173, 1890 — part, spec, u, Ega. Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus IHERING and IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 256, 1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 15, 1908 — Cachoeira and Bom Lugar, Rio Punis (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, P- 345 1 19*4 — same localities. Range: Northwestern Brazil, from the upper Rio Negro (Mara- bitanas) south to the rivers Jurua and Punis. Dendrocolaptes certhia polyzonus Toddb. BOLIVIAN WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes polyzonus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 — Prov. del Sara, Bolivia (type examined). Range: Northern Bolivia, on the north slope of the Andes of Cocha- bamba (Rio Yapacani, Rio Surutu). regarded and described (by Levaillant and Lafresnaye) as the juvenile plumage of D. picumnus (plagosus), and, as late as 1868, Pelzeln perpetrated the same error. It is now an established fact that the two birds constitute perfectly distinct species. Material examined. — French Guiana 5. British Guiana: Demarara 3, Annai 2, Essequibo River i, Merume' Mts. 2, Bartica Grove 2, Carimang River 2. Venezuela: Caura River (Suapure, Nicare, La Pricion) 6; Rio Orinoco, Mataben 2, Munduapo 2, Nericagua 4. Brazil: Obidos 6, Manaos 2, Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco 2, Conceicao, Rio Branco i. a Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus IHERING: Similar on lower parts to D. c. cer- thia, but back regularly, though narrowly, barred with blackish, and fulvous sub- apical markings on crown less distinct. Wing 124-132; tail 120-136; bill 35-42. This form differs from typical certhia only by the more regularly barred back and less spotted crown, and although some specimens from British Guiana are hardly distinguishable, I consider it as a valid race. Two skins from the Purvis were found to be identical with the types while four from Marabitanas (Rio Negro) are slightly more closely barred above and a little more ochraceous below, thus approaching D. c. radiolatus. Material examined. — Rio Jurua 2 ; Rio Punis, Bom Lugar i, Cachoeira i, Arifia i» Hyutanahan 5, Nova Olinda 3; Ega, Rio Solimoes i, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 4. b Dendrocolaptes certhia polyzonus TODD : Similar to D. c. juruanus in narrow barring above and below, markings of crown, and plain (unmarked) greater upper wing-coverts and under tail-coverts, but ground color of upper parts much brighter cinnamon brown, and lower surface darker, more ochreous brown. Wing 129-136; tail 129-136; bill 36-40. In the saturated coloration of the body plumage this well marked race agrees with D. c. radiolatus, differs, however, by its unmarked greater upper wing, and under tail-coverts, and is much more narrowly barred both above and below. Material examined. — Bolivia: Prov. del Sara i, Rio Yapacani i, Rio Surutu i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 263 Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus Sclater and Salvin*. BARRED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes radiolatus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., "1867", p. 755, 1868 — Yurimaguas, Peru (type examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — Yuri- maguas, Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 170, 1884 — same localities; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1889 — Yurimaguas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Chamicuros and Iquitos, Peru; Sarayacu, Ecuador; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 27, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Archidona, Ecuador. Dendrocops cayennensis (not of GMEHN) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 324, 1851 — part, "juv." ex Peru, coll. Castelnau (spec, examined). Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 125, 1906 — Chamicuros, Pebas, Peru; Rio Napo, Ecuador. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae radiolatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 427, 1917 — Florencia, Colombia. Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Florencia, Caqueta region) through eastern Ecuador (Archidona, Rio Napo, Rio Santiago, Rio Suno, San Jose de Sumarco) to northern Peru (Yurima- guas, Chamicuros, Pebas, Iquitos). * Dendrocolaptes certhia sancti-thomae (Lafresnaye)b. WESTERN BARRED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocops sancti-thomae LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 4, p. 466, 1852 — • "in insula Sancti-Thomae" (errore) = Santo Tomas, near Omoa, Honduras0. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 96, 1858 — Mexico, Honduras, Mosquito coast, Nicaragua; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 320, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama; idem, I.e., 8, p. 181, 1867 — Grey- a Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus SCLATER and SALVIN: Differs from D. c. jur~ uanus, of western Brazil, by much wider and more conspicuous black bars on crown» back, and under parts, involving also the under tail-coverts; much brighter and more rufous general coloration, bright cinnamon brown on back, and decidedly ochra- ceous below; distinct blackish subapical bars on the greater upper wing-coverts; darker orange ochraceous, more strongly barred axillars and under wing-coverts. Material examined. — Colombia: Florencia, Caquetd. i. Ecuador: Rio Suno i, Sarayacu i, below San Jose de Sumarco i, Archidona i, Rio Napo 4. Peru: Yuri- maguas 2, Chamicuros i, Pebas 2. b Dendrocolaptes certhia sancti-thomae (LAFRESNAYE) is closely related to D. c. radi- olatus, but chiefly distinguished by almost wholly black bill, much less barred back, and by the more strongly denned as well as more closely set black bars extending up to the chin. Five specimens from the Ecuadorian province of Esmeraldas are paler, both on back and under parts, and lack the cinnamon russet tinge on the crown, the latter being of exactly the same shade as the mantle. Although I have little doubt about their distinctness, I rather hesitate to add another name before the status of D. c. hesperius is more satisfactorily explained. c See SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 192, 1891. 264 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. town, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 9, p. 106, 1868 — San ]os6, Costa Rica; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Naranjo, Santander; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 174, 1890 — part, Honduras, Brit. Honduras, Vera Paz (Guatemala), Costa Rica (Tucurriqui), Panama; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 192, 1891 — Brit. Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica (Navarro, Tucurriqui), Panama; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Punta de Sabana, Panama; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 6 1 6, 1902 — San Javier and Carondelet, Ecuador; BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Yaruca, Honduras. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae sancti-thomae CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 659, 1910 — Costa Rica, up to 2,000 ft.; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 229, 1911 — from southeastern Mexico to Panama (monog.) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 426, 1917 — Puerto Valdivia, Col- ombia; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Jesusito, Darien (crit.). Range: From southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz and Campeche) through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, eastern Nicaragua, northern and eastern Costa Rica to Panama (Divala, Chiri- qui; Veragua; Lion Hill; Darien), Colombia (Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca; Naranjo, Santander), and northwestern Ecuador (San Javier, Carondelet, Pambilar, Vacqueria, Prov. Esmeraldas). 9: Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega 4) ; Costa Rica (Limon 2, Siquirres i); Panama (Railroad line i); Ecuador (Vacqueria, Prov. Esmeraldas i). *Dendrocolaptes certhia hesperius Bangs*. TERRABA VALLEY WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes sancti-thomae hesperius BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Lagarto (type), Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 660, 1910 — Terraba Valley, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 232, 1911 — part, southwestern Costa Rica. Range: Southwestern Costa Rica (Terraba Valley), i: Costa Rica (Boruca i). *Dendrocolaptes platyrostris platyrostris Spix. FLAT-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes platyrostris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 87, pi. 89, 1824 — Rio de Janeiro » I am not satisfied as to the distinctness of this race. Its only constant character is the more closely barred under surface. Birds from western Nicaragua (San Gero- nimo, Chinandega) appear to me indistinguishable from sancti-thomae, and if separ- able, hesperius will have to be restricted to the Terraba Valley. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 265 (type in Munich Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 632, 1906 (crit.). Dendrocolaptes fortirostris SUCH, Zool. Journ., 2, No. 5, p. 115, 1825 — mountains above Goaytacazes [ = Campos], Rio de Janeiro. Dendrocolaptes menaloceps (sic) LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — locality unknown. Dendrocolaptes platyrhynchus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 194, pi. 536, fig. 3676-77, 1853 — new name for Dendrocolaptes platyrostris SPIX; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 9, 1856 — Rio de Janeiro. Dendrocolaptes tarefero BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 69, Jan. 1901 — Alto Parana, Paraguay. Dendrocops platyrostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 326, 1851 — Rio de Janeiro (monog.). Dendrocolaptes picumnus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 56 — wooded region of s.e. Brazil; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — part, Registre do Sai and Rio de Janeiro (Rio), Ypanema, Itarar6 (Sao Paulo) (spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. natur- hist. Foren., 1870, p. 376 — Lagoa Santa, Sete Lagoas, Paracatu (Minas Ger- aes), Novo Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Canta- gallo, Rio de Janeiro; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Concepcion, Misiones; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 199, 1888 — Mis- iones; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 170, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, f-m, Sao Paulo, Rio Claro, "Goyaz" [=Sao Paulo], "Pelotas", Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 234, 1899 — Ypiranga, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 254, 1907 — Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Sao Sebastiao, Rio Feio, Bauru, Jaboticabal, ItararS, Avanhandava, Bebedouro (Sao Paulo), Ourinho (Parana), Espirito Santo; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Posadas, Misiones; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 534 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 135 — Mortero, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 431, 1910 — Santa Ana, Misiones; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, I, P- 335, 1914 — Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Parana, Asunci6n; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 10, No. 114, p. 318, 1918 — Villa Lutetia, near San Ignacio, Misiones. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Geraes (Lagoa Santa, Rio Jordao, near Araguary, Agua Suja, near Bagagem) south to Rio Grande do Sul; Paraguay; northeastern Argentina (Prov. Misiones) a. 4: Brazil (Victoria, Sao Paulo 2, Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes i); Argentina (Salto Iguazu, Misiones i). a Birds from Paraguay (Sapucay; Bernalcue, near Asuncidn), Misiones, and Rio Grande do Sul are identical with a large series from Rio de Janeiro (including the type) and Sao Paulo. Eight specimens from Minas Geraes (neighborhood of Ara- 266 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Dendrocolaptes platyrostris intermedius Berlepsch*. INTERMEDIATE WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes intermedius BERLEPSCH, Ibis (5) i, p. 141, 1883 — Bahia (type examined). Dendrocolaptes picumnus cearensis CORY, Auk, 36, p. 541, 1919 — Jua, near Igu- atii, Ceard. guary and Bagagem) also agree in every particular with typical platyrostris, whereas an immature male (in worn plumage) from near Lagoa Santa, by its rather paler, less streaked back, slightly points toward intermedius. Material examined. — Paraguay: Sapucay 2, Bernalcue 2. Argentina: Salto Iguazu, Misiones i . Rio Grande do Sul: Taquara i, Sao Lourenco i . Santa Cathar- ina: Blumenau 2 . Sao Paulo: Ypanema 8, Victoria 2. Rio de Janeiro: Rio 3, Petropo- lis i . Minas Geraes: Rio Jordao, near Araguary 4, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 4, Lagoa Santa i. a Dendrocolaptes platyrostris intermedius BERLEPSCH: Similar to D. p. platyrostris, but crown much lighter, olive or dusky brown (instead of blackish) ; back with only a few hair like streaks on upper portion; rump and upper tail-coverts clear hazel (in platyrostris rump brown like the back, tail-coverts deep chestnut brown, streaked with buff and barred with blackish) ; tail and wings much lighter, hazel or rufous instead of chestnut brown; general tone of body plumage, both above and below, more cinnamomeous, less olivaceous. The absence of the blackish cap, the clear rufous rump, and the hazel or rufous (instead of chestnut brown) tail and wings render this form easily recognizable. Specimens from Ceard, Piauhy, northwestern Bahia (Rio Preto) and Matto Grosso (Chapada), though exhibiting a certain amount of individual variation, agree well together and are unquestionably referable to the same form. The type of D. inter- medius, a Bahia trade skin, has the upper and under parts of a darker, more rufes- cent brown tone than any other specimen, and approaches platyrostris, furthermore, by the deeper chestnut rufous wings and tail. Another trade skin from Bahia, how- ever, except for its darker wings and tail, closely resembles certain specimens from Piauhy ( 9 , Piranha, Lake of Parnagud; o71, below Uniao). These birds whose exact locality is not known probably came from the southern part of the state of Bahia where intermedius may be expected to intergrade with platyrostris. An adult male secured by J. Natterer on June 20, 1823 on the banks of the Rio Paranahyba, south of Catalao, near the boundary line of the prov. of Goyaz and Minas Geraes, in all essential points, save its darker chestnut wings and tail, so closely resembles the average from Piauhy that it must, unquestionably, be referred to intermedius. This is rather surprising, since, several miles further east, at Araguary and Bagagem, we meet with D. p. platyrostris, as pointed out under the preceding species. Material examined. — Bahia (trade skins) 2 (including the type). Goyaz: Rio Paranahyba, south of Catalao i. Matto Grosso: Chapada 4. Bahia: Sao Marcello, Rio Preto i, Falls of Barrocao, Rio Preto 2. Piauhy: Pedrinna i, P£ do Morro, near Buriti i, Parnagud i, Piranha, Lake of Parnagud i, Santa Philomena i, below Nova York, Rio Parnahyba i, below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba i. Ceard: Jua, near Iguatu i. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Two (unsexed) from Bahia (incl. type) 118,124 112,112 36,39 One male from Rio Paranahyba, Goyaz 126 114 38 One male from Rio Preto, Bahia 122 118 36 Two females from Rio Preto, Bahia 120,120 113,113 34-5,35 Three males from Piauhy 122,125,127 112,117,118 34,36,37.5 Four females from Piauhy 118,123,128,130112,118,120 36,36,37,37 One male from Ceard 125 116 37 Four males from Matto Grosso (Chapada) 120,122,124,127 110,117,120,12334,34.5,35 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 267 Dendrocolaptes picumnus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — part, Rio Paranaiva [ = Paranahyba], s.e. Goyaz (spec, exam- ined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 170, 1890 — part, spec, e, Chapada, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe'os to Belmonte, Bahia. Dendrocolaptes picumnus intermedius REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 66, 1910 — above the Falls of Barrocao, Rio Preto, Bahia; Parnagud, Piranha, Pedrinha, P£ do Morro, Santa Philomena, below Nova York, Therezina, below Uniao, Piauhy (spec, examined). Range: Central and northeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia, Ceara, Piauhy, Matto Grosso, and Goyaz, south to the Rio Paranahyba. 3: Brazil (Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia i; Jua, near Iguatu, Ceard i; Ibiapaba, Piauhy i). *Dendrocolaptes pallescens Pelzeln*. PALE-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes pallescens PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, p. 43, 61, 1868 — Estiva and Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 171, 1890 — Piedra Blanca, Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 115, 1893 — Piedra Blanca, Bolivia; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — San Francisco and Caiza, Bolivia; San Lorenzo, Jujuy; idem, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 122, 1906 — Chiquitos, Yungas, Bolivia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 254, 1907 — Saltab; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Cafetal, Jujuy; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 308, 1910 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy), Oran (Salta). Dendrocolaptes cayennensis (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. n, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, exam- ined). Dendrocops cayennensis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 324, 1851 — part, "juv." ex Bolivia, coll. D'Orbigny (spec, examined). Range: Western Matto Grosso (Estiva, Engenho do Gama, Uru- cum), eastern Bolivia (Piedra Blanca, Chiquitos; Santa Cruz de la Sierra; San Francisco and Caiza, Dept. Tarija), and northwestern Ar- gentina (in prov. of Jujuy and Salta). i: Argentina (Yacuiba, Salta i). a Dendrocolaptes pallescens PELZELN is immediately recognizable by the pale brownish maxilla and the narrow buff shaft streaks, apically edged with blackish, on the otherwise light tawny brown pileum. Wing 122-134; tail 117-125; bill 35-40. Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Estiva i, Engenho do Gama i. Bolivia: Santa Cruz de la Sierra 2, Chiquitos i, "Yungas" i. Argentina, Jujuy: Cafetal i, Orillas del Rio Lavallen i, Rio Francisco i; Salta, Yacuiba i. b The record from the Rio Jurua is a mistake, it being based on one of the speci- mens afterwards described by Ihering as Dendrocolaptes juruanus. 268 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi Hellmayr*. HOFFMANNS'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 23, p. 66, 1909 — Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 335, 1910 — Calama and Alli- anca, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — Rio Madeira. Dendrocolaptes concolor ridgwayi (not of HELLMAYR) SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 509, 1908 — Villa Braga and Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z (spec, examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 345, 1914 — part, Rio Tapaj6z. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the right bank of the Rio Madeira (Calama, Allianca) to the left bank of the Tapa- j6z (Villa Braga). Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus Toddb. TRANSVERSE-BARRED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 81, 1925 — Miritituba, Rio Tapaj6z, Brazil. • Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi HELLMAYR: Nearest to D. pallescens PELZELN, from Matto Grosso and Bolivia, but bill black and laterally more compressed; pileum strongly washed with russet, abruptly defined against the Brussels brown back (in pallescens crown and back are nearly concolor tawny brown) ; the rusty buff crown streaks less conspicuous, but the blackish apical edges to the feathers more pro- nounced, especially on hind crown; under parts much less tawny, the foreneck and breast being pale Dresden brown with a slight olive cast, the abdomen buckthorn brown instead of deep tawny; foreneck and chest with inconspicuous buffy hair- streaks (in pallescens these parts show much broader, lanceolate, laterally black edged stripes) ; chin dingy grayish buff; axillars and under wing-coverts much paler, ochraceous buff rather than tawny ochraceous. Wing 140-145; tail 120-132; bill 35-38. Material examined. — Rio Madeira: Calama 2, Allianca i. Rio Tapaj6z: Villa Braga 6. b Dendrocolaptes transfasciatus TODD: "Pileum brownish black, each feather with a conspicuous buffy shaft streak, these streaks continued over the upper back, where they become broader, and margined with blackish; upper back Prout's brown, streaked as aforesaid, passing into rich auburn on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts; tail deep bay, with darker shafts; wings bay, with a slight brownish wash on the upper coverts, and on the inner webs of the primaries toward their tips; under wing-coverts rich buff, spotted with black; a superciliary line of buffy tipped feathers; lores and sides of head and neck blackish, streaked with buffy; throat and breast with broad buffy shaft streaks, coalescing anteriorly, and posteriorly having narrow borders of blackish and brownish ; rest of under parts rich buffy, more brown- ish (Saccardo's umber) anteriorly, more rufescent posteriorly, irregularly barred with brownish black, each feather with three broken bars or opposite spots of darker color, separated by a pale shaft streak; bill dusky black above, paler below (in skin); feet horn color. Wing (type) 143; tail 120; bifl 43. "Two younger individuals from Colonia do Mojuy, near Santarem, are essen- tially similar to the type, but the shaft streaks above and below are broader, and the cross barring of the under parts is more prominent. The type is in fresh plumage, the outermost primaries not yet fully grown. One of the young birds shows traces of dark cross bars on the lower back. "This new species approaches the form commonly known as D. plagosus plagosus [=D.p. picumnus], of the north bank of the Amazon, and D. plagosus tardus IHERING of the Rio Purvis [=*D. p. validus], but is perfectly distinct, differing in having the head, upper back, and breast much more heavily streaked, the pileum much darker, nearly black, and the barring on the posterior under parts more irregular and broken, 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 269 Range: Northern Brazil, on the right bank of the Rio Tapajoz (Miritituba, Colonia do Mojuy, near Santarem). Dendrocolaptes picumnus picumnus Lichtenstein. BLACK-BANDED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes picumnus LICHTENSTEIN", Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 202, 1820 — based on "Le Grimpar Picucule" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 67, pi. 26, and "Le Picucule" AuDEBERTand VIEIL- LOT, Ois. Bore's, 2, p. 113, pi. 76, Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes plagosus SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) i, p. 210, 1883 — Cama- cusa, Brit. Guiana (types examined); idem, I.e., 1885, p. 421 — Camacusa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172, 1890 — Camacusa, Rio Carimang, Brit. Guiana; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Rio Carse- venne, Contest^ Franco-bre"silien; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 123, 1906 — same locality (crit.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 150, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; SNETH- LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 344, 1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro), Brazil; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Gui., 2, p. 131, 1921 — Anarica River, Camacusa, Camarang River, Brit. Guiana. Dendrocolaptes variegatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, "1888", p. 546, 1889 — "Bahia" = Cayenne (type in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined). Dendrocops cayennensis (not of GMELIN) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 321, 1851 — part, descr. "adult", Cayenne). Dendrocolaptes certhia (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868— part, No. 1043 ("adult"), Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (spec, examined). Dendrocolaptes validus plagosus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — French and Brit. Guiana, Brazil; HARTERT and GOOD- SON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416, 1917 (range); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam. Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; adjacent parts of Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); northern Brazil, from the Rio Branco south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos)b. as well as narrower. The streaking on the throat and breast is more as in tardus [= validus], while the color of the bill is dark, as in plagosus [= picumnus]." (Tooo, a Lichtenstein's name was based on Levaillant's and yieillot's plates, both of which, in spite of certain shortcomings, are without question referable to the bird afterwards described as D. plagosus. The wide black cross bars on the belly and the longitudinal stripes on crown and nape, shown in the drawings, together with Levaillant's description of the "adult" and the locality render the identification absolutely certain. Azara's No. 241, likewise quoted by Lichtenstein, belongs of course, to quite a different species (Xiphocolaptes major), but this has no bearing on the case, since D. picumnus, according to the diagnosis and the author's own state- ment (I.e., p. 208), was founded on the two plates cited above. b Birds from northern Brazil agree in every particular with those from Guiana. Material examined. — Venezuela: Rio Yuruan i. British Guiana: Camacusa 2, Demerara 3. French Guiana: Cayenne 4, Ipousin, Rio Approuague i, Pied Saut, 270 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus Tschudi*. TSCHUDI'S BLACK- BANDED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes validus TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 296, 1844 — Peru, idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 242, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1846 — forest region between 10° and 12° south lat., i.e., Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Upper Ucayali; idem, I.e., 1868, p. 56 — part, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico, Ayacucho; idem, Orn. Per., 2, p. 169, 1884 — Monterico, Chamicuros, Ucayali; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172, 1890 — part, spec, i, j, Chamicuros, Upper Ucayali; BERLEPSCH and STOLZ- MANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 378 — Borgona, Peru; (?) GOODFELLOW, Ibis. 1902, p. 62 — Baeza, Ecuador. Dendrocolaptes plagosus tardus IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 255, 1907 — Rio Jurud (type examined). Dendrocolaptes plagosus negrensis SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 270, 1925 — Acajutuba, right bank of lower Rio Negro. Dendrocolaptes radiolatus (not of .SCLATER and SALVIN) IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurua. Dendrocolaptes validus validus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturf., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 (range); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416, 1917 (range). Range: Eastern Peru (in depts. Loreto, Junin, Ayacucho, and Puno) and adjoining section of western Brazil (Rio Jurua, Rio Purus, lower Rio Negro); possibly also eastern Ecuador (Baeza). *Dendrocolaptes picumnus multistrigatus Eytonb. COLOMBIAN WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, Part 2, p. 75, April 1851 — locality unknown, we suggest Bogot£ (type in Liverpool Museum). Oyapock i, Tamanoir, Mana River 2, Rio Carsevenne i. Brazil: Forte do Rio Branco i, Obidos 26, Mandos 4. • Dendrocolaptes picumnus validus TSCHUDI: Closely similar to D. p. picumnus, but slightly more rufescent above; lesser and median upper wing-coverts with hardly any light or dusky markings; throat less marked, the feathers being laterally edged rather than spotted with dark brown; maxilla dark brown rather than black, man- dible decidedly lighter. Wing 135-145 ; tail 125-134; bill 37-42. Specimens from the Purus average slightly paler underneath, but the divergency is insignificant. No material is available from Ecuador. Material examined. — Peru: Chanchamayo 2, Rio Tavara (7o°2o' w., 13° 25' s.) i . Brazil: Rio Jurua i, Rio Purvis (Nova Olinda, Hyutanahan) 12. b Dendrocolaptes picumnus multistrigatus EYTON: Similar to D. p. validus, from Peru and western Brazil, but back without blackish cross bands; chin and upper throat plain buff; buff streaks on foreneck and chest narrower; abdomen much less ochraceous with black cross bars much narrower and less conspicuous; bill some- what shorter and slenderer, also darker in color. Birds from the Andes of Merida have the dusky bars on the abdomen less dis- tinct and somewhat broken, but the variation appears too insignificant to warrant the recognition of a race berlepschi. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogota" 5, Santa Elena i, Paramo de Tama i. Andes of MeYida: Culata 3, Montana Valle i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 271 Dendrexetastes berlepschi MADARASZ, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., i, p. 463, 1903 — Culata, Andes of MeYida (type examined). Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 56 — part, "New Granada"; idem, I.e., 1875, p. 237 — San Cristobal, Tachira, Venezuela; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Concordia, Medellin, Frontino, Santa Elena, Antioquia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 172, 1890 — part, spec, b-g, Medellin, Frontino (Colombia), San Cristobal (Venezuela). Dendrocolaptes validus multistrigatus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — Andes of Colombia (Bogota, Antioquia) and western Venezuela (Tachira, Merida); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416, 1917 — range (crit. on type). Dendrocolaptes validus validus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 36, p. 426, 1917 — Cerro Munchique, Miraflores, Salento, La Candela, Aguadita, Villa- vicencio, Florencia, Colombia. Range : Andes of Colombia (except Santa Marta region) and west- ern Venezuela (Paramo de Tama, San Cristobal, Tachira; Culata, Mon- tana Valle, Merida) a. i : Colombia (Paramo de Tama i). *Dendrocolaptes picumnus seilerni Hartert and Goodsonb. VENEZUE- LAN WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes validus seilerni HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 416, 1917 — Cumbre Chiquita, above San Esteban, Carabobo, Venezuela; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 281, 1922 — El Libano, Las Nubes, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Heights of Chirua. Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 156, 1900 — Valparaiso, El Libano, Las Nubes, Santa Marta Mts. Dendrocolaptes validus multistrigatus (not of EYTON) HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 115, 118, 1912 — Las Quiguas and Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela. Range: Subtropical Zone of the mountains of northern Venezuela (in states of Carabobo, Aragua and Bermudez) and northern Colombia (Santa Marta district). i: Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua i). a An apparently unnamed small race of intense coloration exists in western Ecua- dor. I have seen a single immature specimen from Cayandeled. It was recorded as Dendrocolaptes validus by BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI in P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 301. b Dendrocolaptes picumnus seilerni HARTERT and GOODSON: Very similar to D. p. multistrigatus, but bill more slender and paler, dark horn brown rather than blackish; lower throat more spotted with dark brown; buff streaks on foreneck much narrower and extended further down over the breast, leaving only the middle of the abdomen and the under tail-coverts crossed by fewer as well as narrower blackish bars. Wing 129-136; tail 116-127; bill 33-37. Material examined. — Venezuela: Maracay, Aragua i, Cumbre de Valencia 6, Las Quiguas 2. Colombia: Las Nubes 4. 272 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis Ridgway*. COSTA RICAN WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes validus costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Laguaria, Santa Maria de Dota, s.w. Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 658, 1910 — Navarro, Cartago, Juan Vinas, El Rey, La Lagunaria de Dota, Volcan de Irazu, Rio Sucio, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 233, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama; HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 118, 1912 — Costa Rica and Chiriqui; HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 417, 1917 (range). Dendrocolaptes multistrigatus (not of EYTON) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 106, 146, 1868 — Navarro, Costa Rica. Dendrocolaptes puncticollis (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1878, p. 60 — Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Panama. Dendrocolaptes validus (not of TSCHUDI) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 191, 1891 — part, Navarro and Naranjo, Costa Rica. Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Capita; Boquete, Chiri- qui). i: Costa Rica (Naranjo de Cartago i). Dendrocolaptes picumnus puncticollis Sclater and Salvinb. SPOTTED- NECKED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes puncticollis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 54, pi. 5 — Tactic and San Geronimo, Vera Paz, Guatemala; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 171, 1890 — same localities; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 190, 1891 — same localities; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 232, 1911 — same localities. Range : Highlands of Guatemala (Tactic, San Geronimo) and Hon- duras (Volcan de Puca). a Dendrocolaptes picumnus costaricensis RIDGWAY: Nearest to D. p. seilerni, but foreneck and chest less regularly streaked, the blackish lateral edges of the buff stripes being broken up into dots or bars instead of forming a continuous margin; lower breast and abdomen much more extensively barred. Wing 123-130; tail 116- 124; bill 34-37- Material examined. — Costa Rica: Cariblanco i, Azahar de Cartago i, La Estrella de Cartago i, Naranjo i. Panama: Boquete, Chiriqui i. b Dendrocolaptes picumnus puncticollis SCLATER and SALVIN: Nearly allied to D. p. costaricensis, but crown much more blackish, with less distinct, more linear buff shaft streaks ; back more olivaceous ; pale stripes on foreneck and chest decidedly lanceolate, laterally bordered by a continuous blackish margin (not broken up into dots or bars) ; blackish barring of belly less extensive and mainly restricted to median portion; bill longer. Wing (one adult male) 134.5; tail 115; bill 42. Material. — A single adult male obtained by Wittkugel on February 25, 1889, on the Volcan de Puca, Honduras, in the Berlepsch Collection examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 273 Genus DENDREXETASTES Eyton. Dendrexetastes EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — type Dendrexetastes capi~ ioid.es EYTON = Dendrocolaptes rufigula LESSON. Cladoscopus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 192, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, p. 28) Dendrocolaptes temminckii = Dendrocolaptes rufigula LESSON. Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula (Lesson). RUFOUS-THROATED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes (Orthocolaptes) rufigula LESSON, ficho du Monde Savant, n (2), No. 12, p. 276, Aug. n, 1844 — Cayenne; idem, Oeuvr. Buff on, £d. LeVgque, 20 ( = Descr. Mammif. & Ois.), p. 281, 1847 — Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes temminckii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 145, pi. 4, March 1851 — "Santa P6 de Bogota" = Cayenne. Dendrexetastes capitoides EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — no locality given; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 77, 1855 — type (in Liverpool Museum) stated to be from Cayenne. Dendrexetastes temmincki SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — "Bogota" (ex LAFRESNAYE), errore; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 140, 1890 — Cayenne. Dendrexetastes temminckii MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Ouanary, French Guiana; idem and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. no, 1906 — Ouanary. Xiphocolaptes temminckii PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (spec, examined). Dendrexetastes rufigula HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Cayenne; near Paramaribo, Surinam; Mines District, British Guiana; Manaos (crit.); BER- LEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne, Ouanary, French Guiana: SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 (range); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam. Dendrexetastes rufigula rufigula HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 328, IQIO (diag., meas., range). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Manaos) B. Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis Lorenzb. PAR A WOOD-HEWER. Dendrexetastes paraensis LORENZ, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesells. Wien, 45, p. 363, a Material examined. — French Guiana: Cayenne i, Ouanary i, Pied Saut, Oya- pock 4. Vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam 2; Mines District, British Guiana 2. Brazil: Obidos i, Manaos i. b Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis LORENZ: Differs from D. r. rufigula by having a distinct, though narrow postocular stripe of white. Besides, the markings on the f oreneck and chest are somewhat more rounded, while the abdomen is decidedly more ochraceous brown. Wing 104-105 ; tail 100-107 ; bill 3*-32- In addition to the unsexed 274 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1895 — Para (type in coll. Princess Theresa of Bavaria examined); idem. Ann. naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, n, p. i, pi. i, 1896 — Para. Dendrexetastes rufigula paraensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 329, 1910 — Marco da Legoa, near Para (diag.); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 91, 1912 — Marco da Legoa, Para; SNETHLAGE. Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 (range). Range: Northeastern Brazil, in State of Para, south of the Ama- zon (Para, Marco da Legoa) •. Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (Lafresnaye)b. DEVILLE'S WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes devillei LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 102, 1850 — Sarayacu, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined) ; DEsMuRS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Zool., I, livr. 18, Ois., p. 42, pi. 13, fig. i, 1856 — Sarayacu. Dendrexetastes devillei TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 175, 1884 — Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 141, 1890 — Iquitos, Samiria, Peru; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. in, 1906 — Sarayacu (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio Punis. Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 328, 329, 1910 — Humaytha (diag., range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 338, 1914 — Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 80, 1920 — Chaquimayo, s.e. Peru. Range: Eastern Peru, in depts. Loreto (Iquitos, Samiria, Sara- yacu) and Puno (Chaquimayo, Sierra of Carabaya), and western Bra- zil (Rio Punis; Humaytha, left bank of Rio Madeira). Genus HYLEXETASTES Sclater. Hylexetastes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 34 — type Dendrocolaptes perrotii LAFRESNAYE. *Hylexetastes perrotii perrotii (Lafresnaye) . RED-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes perrotii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 7, p. 80, 1844 — "Colombie" = Cayenne; idem, Mag. Zool., (2) 6, Ois., pi. 54, 1844 — "Colombie"; idem, type, I have examined an adult male secured by E. M. Brigham at Para on March 8, 1 88 1, in the U. S. National Museum, Washington (No. 105224). While not strongly marked, this form appears to be separable by the well developed postocular stripe which is but faintly suggested by a few isolated shaft lines in four out of twelve speci- mens of typical rufigula from north of the Amazon. *• Whether the bird from Calama, right bank of the lower Rio Madeira (Dendrexe- tastes rufigula subsp., HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 329, 1910) is really separ- able, remains to be ascertained. b Dendrexetastes rufigula devillei (LAFRESNAYE) : Differs chiefly from its allies by lacking the white, black edged markings on nape and sides of neck; uniform ochreous 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 275 Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 101, 1850 — "Colombia"; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — "Bogota" (ex LAFRESNAYE). Hylexetastes perrotii SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 141, 1890 — Cayenne; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 339, 1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro). Range: Eastern Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the lower Amazon (Obidos, Rio Jamunda) a. i : British Guiana (Demerara River ib). Hyleretastes perrotii uniformis Hellmayr0. UNIFORM WOOD-HEWER. Hylexetastes uniformis HELLMAYR, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 7, p. 100, 1909 — Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 329, 1910 — Borba, Calama, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 339, 1914 — Rio Madeira, Xiphocolaptes perrotii (not of LAFRESNAYE) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Borba (spec, examined). Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama) to the Tapaj6z (Apacy, Villa Braga). Hylexetastes stresemanni stresemanni Snethlage*. STRESEMANN'S WOOD-HEWER. Hylexetastes stresemanni SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 269, 1925 — Acajatuba. lower Rio Negro, Brazil. Range: Northwestern Brazil (Acajutuba, lower Rio Negro; Mana- capuru, north bank of Rio Solimoes). throat, without any trace of white stripes; the much narrower buff shaft lines below being restricted to the foreneck; paler yellowish gray upper bill. Material examined. — Sarayacu i, Chaquimayo i, Humaytha i. "Material examined. — French Guiana: Pied Saut, Oyapock 2. Venezuela: Rio Yuruan i. Brazil: Obidos 15 (all in Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh). b An adult male, collected by J. Rodway in May 1908, appears to constitute the first record from British Guiana. 0 Hylexetastes perrotii uniformis HELLMAYR: Differs from H. p. perrotii in smaller size (wing 125-127 against 135-140, tail 110-116 against 120-122); in lacking the broad buff y white band descending from the lores to the lower auriculars ; in having the throat earthy brown like the remainder of the lower parts instead of buffy white, and no trace of dusky cross bands in the middle of the abdomen. Material examined. — Calama l, Borba 3, Santarem 4, Villa Braga 4, Apacy, Rio Tapaj6z i. d Hylexetastes stresemanni stresemanni SNETHLAGE: Nearest to H. p. perrotii, but throat marked with dull buffy white shaft streaks, coalescing on the chin, and spreading out and narrowing on the lower throat and breast, which is otherwise light rufescent brown with some indication of dark cross barring; rest of under parts buffy, regularly but narrowly barred with blackish. Wing 116-126; bill 34-38. This species differs from H. p., perrotii by streaked (instead of plain buffy white) throat and strongly barred under surface which, in its ally, shows faint suggestions of bars only on the lower abdomen. 276 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Hylexetastes stresemanni undulatus Todd*. UNDULATED WOOD- HEWER. Hylexetastes undulatus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 38, p. 80, 1925 — Sao Paulo de Olivenca, Rio Solimoes, Brazil. Range: Western Brazil, from the south bank of the Rio Solimoes (Sao Paulo de Olivenca) south to the Rio Purus (Hyutanahan). Genus XIPHOCOLAPTES Lesson. Xiphocolaptes LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 269, 1840 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855, P- 28) Dendrocopus albicollis VIEILLOT. *Xiphocolaptes albicollis albicollis ( Vieillof). WHITE-THROATED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocopus albicollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 117, 1818 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in Paris Museum was obtained by Dela- lande, Jr., at Rio de Janeiro.) Dendrocolaptes decumanus LiCHTENSTEiNb, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1820-21, phys. Kl., p. 256, 263, pi. i, fig. i, 1822 — part, type from Prov. Sao Paulo (excl. Azara No. 241, Paraguay); idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 16, 1823 — San Paulo (excl. cit. Azara No. 241); SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 86, pi. 87, 1824 — Brazil (spec, examined); BURMEISTER, Syst. Cbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 10, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio. Dendrocolaptes crassirostris SUCH, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 115, April 1825 — above Goaytacazes = Campos, Prov. Rio de Janeiro. Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1 120, 1831 — Rio de Janeiro, Cabo Frio, and Rio Espirito Santo; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248, 1889 (crit.). Xiphocolaptes argentinus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 5, Feb. 1890 — "Buenos Aires" (type examined"); DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 334, 1914 (crit.). Xiphocolaptes paranensis BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 68, 1901 — Djaguara- sapa, Alto Parana, Paraguay. Dendrocolaptes albicollis LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 10, 1838 — part, Corrientes; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 98, 1850 — Brazil (monog.). * Hylexetastes stresemanni undulatus TODD: "Closely allied to H. s. stresemanni, but much more olivaceous, less rufescent, especially below, with the cross barring more regular and prominent." (Tooo, in litt.). b Dendrocolaptes cyanotis LICHTENSTEIN (Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, P- 201, 1820; I.e. for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — based on "Le Grand Grimpar" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 66, pi. 25, 1807 — "Brdsil"), some- times quoted as a possible synonym of D. albicollis, appears to me absolutely uniden- tifiable. 0 The type (U. S. National Museum No. 14726) is an old mounted specimen, faded through exposure to light, with discolored* bill. The locality is no doubt erroneous, no representative of this genus having ever been found near Buenos Aires. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 277 Xiphocolaptes albicollis PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Registre do Sai, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, Curytiba (spec, examined); HAMILTON, Ibis, 1871, p. 304 — Itapetininga, Sao Paulo; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 253, 1873 — Blumenau, Santa Catharina; CABANIS, I.e., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — San Javier, Misiones; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., a, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 200, 1888 — Misiones; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 142, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, g-o, Brazil, Paraguay; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 3, 1890 — part, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catharina, and Misiones; idem, I.e., 13, p. 48, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 230, 1899 — Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Novo Friburgo and Cantagallo, Rio; MIRANDA, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1906 — Caminho do Couto, Itatiaya; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 631, 1906 (crit.); MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. in, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro, Goyaz, and Minas; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 — Bauru and Alto da Serra (Sao Paulo) and Itatiaya (Minas); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65, 1908 — Fazenda Esperanga, Goyaz; LUDERWALDT, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 27, P- 352, 1909 — Itatiaya; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305, 1910 — Posadas, Misiones; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 479, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana. Xiphocolaptes albicollis paranensis CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 352 — Sapucay, Paraguay. Range: Eastern Brazil, from southern Goyaz, Minas Geraes, and Espirito Santo south to Rio Grande do Sul ; adjacent provinces of Argen- tina (Misiones and Corrientes), and Paraguay (Alto Parana, Sapucay) a. 3: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes i; Sao Paulo, Victoria i, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Parana- panema i). *Xiphocolaptes albicollis bahiae Coryb. BAHIA WHITE-THROATED WOOD-HEWER. a Specimens from S5o Paulo and southward are more olivaceous, less tawny, particularly below, and have less rufous on the rump than a series from Rio de Janeiro. Two examples from Minas Geraes (Rio das Velhas, and Agua Suja, near Bagagem) and one from Paraguay (paranensis BERTONI) also belong to this oliva- ceous variety. If separable, its earliest name would be X. a. argentinus since Ridg- way's type closely agrees with one of our specimens from Sao Paulo. Material examined. — Rio de Janeiro 7, Espirito Santo (Victoria) i, Minas Ger- aes 2, Sao Paulo 7, Parana i, Santa Catharina 2, Paraguay (Bernalcue") i. b Xiphocolaptes albicollis bahiae CORY: Very similar to X. a. albicollis, but lacks the black bars on the lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts, there being but a limited number of small, dusky spots along the middle of the lower belly. The buff streaks on the crown are somewhat narrower, while its ground color appears to be dark sepia rather than black. Bill deep black as in X. a. albicollis. The type (and only specimen seen) being stained with clay about the head and under parts, I am unable to ascertain whether other differences of coloration exist or not. By the lighter, less blackish pileum, less distinctly streaked auriculars, and absence of black barring underneath X. a. bahiae seems to form the transition to X. falcirostris, of northeastern Brazil. 278 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphocolaptes bahiae CORY, Auk, 36, p. 540, 1919 — Macaco Secco, near Andar- ahy, Bahia. Xiphocolaptes albicollis belmontensis LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 102, col. pi., fig. 2, 1920 — Belmonte, Bahia. Xiphocolaptes albicollis (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 142, 1890 — part, spec, f, Bahia; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 3, 1890 — part, Bahia. Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy; Belmonte). i : Brazil (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy i). *Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (Spix)*. BUFF-CHEEKED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes falcirostris SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 86, pi. 88, 1824 — locality not stated (type in Munich Museum examined). Xiphocolaptes cinnamomeus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 15, Feb. 1890 — "Bahia" (the type examined in Mus. Comp. Zool. is a Ceara skin). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus iguatensis CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 341, 1916 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara. Xiphocolaptes albicollis villadenovae (corrected to villanovae on Errata slip) LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 104, col. pi., fig. i, 1920 — Villa Nova, Bahia. Xiphocolaptes falcirostris HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 631, 1906 (crit. on type); REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Fazenda da Porteira, Cantinho, and Os Mos- quins, Rio Preto, Bahia; Os Umbus and Sao Gongalinho, Rio Parnayhba, Piauhy (spec, examined). Range: Northeastern Brazil, in northern parts of State of Bahia (Villa Nova and Rio Preto) , and in states of Ceara, Piauhy, and Maranhao. 6: Ceara (Jua, near Iguatu 4); Maranhao (Cod6 i); Piauhy (Ibiapaba i). *Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus emigrans Sclater and Salvinb. GUATEMALAN WOOD-HEWER. a Xiphocolaptes falcirostris (Snx) : Immediately distinguishable from X, albi- collis bahiae by much slenderer, horn color (instead of black) bill, and cinnamon brown pileum (hardly different from color of back) with hair like buff shaft lines; also by cinnamon rufous (instead of chestnut rufous) rump ; much more conspicuous (buff or golden buff) loral spot, postocular streak and malar stripe; paler, wood brown rather than blackish brown maxillary stripe; much paler, wood brown or buffy cin- namon brown under parts, very rarely with suggestions of grayish brown transverse markings in the middle of the lower abdomen. Wing (male) 128-135, (female) 127- 133; tail 102-116; bill 45-52. In young birds the bill is shorter, stouter, and almost entirely black. X. falciros- tris may prove to be a pale, northern race of X. albicollis. Material examined. — Bahia: Rio Preto 5. Piauhy: Os Umbus i, Sao Gongalinho i, Ibiapaba r. Maranhao: Cod6 i. Ceara: Jua, near Iguatu 4, unspecified i. "Brazil" (type of D. falcirostris) i. b This and the other Central American forms are clearly races of X. promero- pirhynchus from which they merely differ by slight variations in color and markings. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 279 Xipliocolaptes emigrans SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, i, p. 118, 1859 — San Geron- imo, Vera Paz, Guatemala; idem, Exotic Orn., p. 69, pi. 35, 1867 — part, Guatemala; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 7, 1890 — Guatemala (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 145, 1890 — part, spec, a-e, British Honduras, and Guatemala (Cajab6n, San Geronimo, Poctum); SAL- VIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, British Honduras, and Guatemala; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 327 — Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Xiphocolaptes emigrans emigrans RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 237, 1911 — southern Mexico to northern Nicaragua (monog.). Range: Southern Mexico (in State of Chiapas), south through Guatemala and British Honduras to northern Nicaragua (Matagalpa, San Rafael del Norte). i : Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sclateri Ridgway. SCLATER'S WOOD- HEWER. Xiphocolaptes sclateri RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 6, Feb. 1890 — Orizaba, Mexico; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 143, 1890 — La Parada, Oaxaca, Mexico. Xiphocolaptes albicollis ? (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 25, p. 202, 1857 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz. Xiphocolaptes emigrans SCLATER and SALVIN, Ibis, 1859, p. 118 — part, Jalapa; idem, Exotic Orn., p. 69, 1867 — part, Jalapa; SUMICHRAST, Mem. Boston Soc. N. H., i, p. 554, 1869 — Orizaba, Vera Cruz (habits); SALVIN and GOD- MAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Orizaba (Vera Cruz), La Parada and Tonaguia (Oaxaca). Xiphocolaptes emigrans sclateri RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 238, 1911 — southeastern Mexico (monog.). Range : Southeastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz and Oaxaca. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus omiltemensis Nelson. GUERRERO WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes emigrans omiltemensis NELSON, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, p. 153, 1903 — Omilteme, Guerrero; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 239, 1911 — Omilteme. Xiphocolaptes emigrans (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Omilteme. Range: Southwestern Mexico, in State of Guerrero (Omilteme). *Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus costaricensis Ridgway. CARTAGO WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes emigrans costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. MUS.,'II, p. 541, Sept. 1889 — Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 12, p.£8, 1890 — • 280 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Costa Rica (monog.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 655, 1910 — Costa Rica; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 271, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 239, 1911 — Costa Rica (monog.). Xiphocolaptes emigrans (not of SCLATER and SALVIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890 — part, spec, f, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 183, 1891 — part, Costa Rica. Range : Highlands of Costa Rica. 2: Costa Rica (Guayabo i, inland of Limon i). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus Cabanis and Heine''. CARACAS WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes procerus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 36, 1859 — Cara- cas (types in Heine Coll. examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exot. Orn., p. 72, 1868 — Venezuela; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 19, 1890 (ex CABANIS and HEINE). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Caripe", Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Caripe", Venezuela. Xiphocolaptes procurvus (lapsu) RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 13, p. 47, 1890 (crit., descr.). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Nat- urg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. in, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo (crit.). Range: North coast Mountains of Venezuela, from Bermudez (Caripe') west to Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov.b SANTA MARTA WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes procerus (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. B Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus procerus CABANIS and HEINE: Closely allied to X. p. promeropirhynchus, but bill somewhat longer, slenderer and, as a rule paler, horn color instead of blackish; under parts lighter, olivaceous or buffy brown, less rufescent, with narrower streaks; throat more whitish; black spots on middle of abdomen either absent or but slightly indicated; size smaller. Wing 125-135; tail 107-120; bill 46-52. Two specimens from the mountains inland of Cumana appear to agree with a series from the type locality and the mountains of Carabobo. Material examined. — Bermudez: Caripe" 2. Dept. Federal Occidental: Silla de Caracas 2, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 5. Carabobo: Cumbre de Valencia n, Las Quiguas i, Sierra de Carabobo i. b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus sanctae-martae subsp. nov. Type from San Lorenzo, Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia in Carnegie Mu- seum, No. 42405. Adult male. February 3, 1913. M. A. Carriker, Jr. Very similar to X. p. procerus, but larger, with longer, paler bill; throat more buffy and on lower portion variegated with brownish edges ; under parts on average more brownish, and paler streaks decidedly narrower. Wing 137-145; tail 119-128; bill 51-55- Material examined. — San Lorenzo 4, Cincinnati 5, Macotama i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 281 Wash., 12, p. 177, 1898 — Macotama; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, P- 157, 1900 — Valparaiso, El Libano, San Lorenzo, and Las Nubes. Xiphocolaptes procerus fortis (not of Heine) TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 279, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, San Lorenzo, Cerro de Caracas, Las Taguas, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Vegas, Paramo de Mamarongo, and Heights of Chirua (crit.). Range : Santa Marta Mountains, northern Colombia. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus rostratus Todd*. LARGE-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes procerus rostratus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — • Jaraquiel, Bolivar, Colombia (type examined). Range: Northwestern Colombia (Jaraquiel, State of Bolivar). "Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus promeropirhynchus (Lesson). BLACK-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes promeropirhynchus LESSON, Rev. Zool., 3, p. 270, 1840 — no local- ity given, we suggest Bogota, Colombia; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 99, 1850 — Colombia (monog.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota. Xiphocolaptes promeroporhynchus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 36, 1859 — "New Granada." Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — upper wood region of Me"rida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena and Remedies, Antioquia; BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 4, p. 185, 1887 — Bogotd; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 10, 1890 — Bogota (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, c-m, M6rida, Bogo- ta, Medellin, Santa Elena, and Remedies; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 — Salento, Laguneta, Rio Toch^, La Candela, and La Palma (central Andes), Fusugasuga, Aguadita, El Pinon, and Subia (eastern Andes), Colombia. Xiphocolaptes virgatus RiDGWAYb, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. n, Feb. 1890 — locality unknown (type examined). a Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus rostratus TODD: Nearest to X. p. sanctae-martae but bill much larger (deeper and stouter, though not constantly longer) ; back more rufous brown and narrowly streaked with buff; throat plain buff, not edged with brown; under parts much more tawny and much more broadly striped with buffy. Wing 137-145; tail 112-120; bill 51-57. This well characterized form combines the strongly rufescent, broadly streaked under surface of promeropirhynchus with the elongated, pale horn color bill of sanctae- martae. From X. p. costaricensis it may be separated by its huge bill and much more rufous coloration throughout. Material examined. — Jaraquiel, Bolivar (including the type) 4. b The type of X. virgatus, a skin of unknown origin, presumably from Antioquia, appears to be inseparable from X. promeropirhynchus which is subject to much indi- vidual variation in intensity of coloration as well as in amount of streaking both above and below. Some of our Me"rida examples have the upper back and wing- coverts even more strongly streaked than the type, and in one of them the pale 282 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range : Subtropical and Temperate Zone of the Central and East- ern Andes of Colombia, and western Venezuela (Andes of Me"rida). 16: Colombia (Bogotd 2, Anolaima i, Antioquia i, Paramo de Tama 2); Venezuela (Rio Mucujon i, El Valle 2, Capar i, Culata 6). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus fortis Heine*. HEINE'S WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes fortis HEINE, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 185, 1860 — locality unknown (type in Heine Collection examined); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 19, 1890 (ex HEINE). Range : Unknown. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus Ridgway*. RIDGWAY 's WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes ignotus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 13, Feb. 1890 — Ecuador (type in American Museum of Natural History, New York exam- ined; =juv.). Xiphocolaptes saturatus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 14 (in text), Feb. 1890 — "Guayaquil", Ecuador (the type examined in the U. S. National Museum is a skin of the well known "Quito" make). Xiphocolaptes compressirostris (not of TACZANOWSKI) TACZANOWSKI and BER- LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — San Rafael; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — La Concepciori, Valle del Chota. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 140, 1859 — Pallatanga; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, n-p, Chiquinda and Sarayacu (spec, examined) ; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — "Baeza" (spec, examined). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris (not of TACZANOWSKI) LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. .25, p. 70, 1922 — Algonguincha and Pig- anta, Mojanda. Range: Andes of Ecuador (except southwestern section). stripes underneath are very nearly as wide. Even in the pale color of the bill, the type is matched by one of T. K. Salmon's skins from Antioquia (exact locality not stated) in our collection, and closely approached by another from Bogotd. A series from M£rida I cannot satisfactorily distinguish from those of Colombia, although, sometimes, they are more distinctly streaked on the back. Material examined. — Colombia: Bogotd 18, Anolaima i, Antioquia i, Paramo de Tama 2; Venezuela, Andes of Merida 13. a See Addenda A on page 378. b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ignotus RIDGWAY: Differs from X. p. promer- opirhynchus by much larger and paler (horn color) bill and much more rufous colora- tion, the pileum being deep bister or Vandyke brown like the back (instead of decid- edly darker and more blackish than the latter) with the buff streaks much narrower and strictly confined to the shafts; the rump and tail much darker chestnut; the under parts raw umber, but slightly lighter than the back, with the buff stripes wider and laterally edged with black, while the center of the abdomen is more heavily marked with transverse spots of black. In the narrow streaking of the head, this form resembles X. p. lineatocephalus, but is of a much deeper, more rufous brown col- 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 283 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris Taczanowski and Berlepsoh*. STRONG-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes crassirostris TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 113 — Palmal, Rio Tumbez, Prov. El Oro, Ecuador. Range: Southwestern Ecuador (in prov. of El Oro and Loja) and adjacent parts of northwestern Peru (Dept. Piura). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris Taczanowski. THIN- BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes compressirostris TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 28 — Ray- Urmana, above Chirimoto, and Tambillo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 172, 1884 — part, Chirimoto and Tambillo; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 13, 1890 — part, Peru. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus ? (not of LESSON) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 231 — Tambillo. oration throughout, and has a much larger, stouter bill. Wing 145-148; tail 115- 130; bill 48-52. This is the Xiphocolaptes of the Quito region. Besides the type of X. saturates, evidently a Quito skin, though secured by Dr. W. H. Jones at Guayaquil, I have examined ten additional specimens from Ecuador. While there can be no doubt as to its distinctness, this form is closely approached by certain Bogota skins in rufous brown coloration and certainly constitutes but a strongly marked geographical race of promeropirhynchus. The type of X. ignotus, a mounted faded specimen, I have little doubt is merely a bird in juvenile plumage of the same species. It agrees with the type of X. saturatus in markings of head and rufous coloration, but owing to exposure to light, it is much lighter everywhere, especially on rump, wings and tail, while the blackish edges to the pale streaks underneath are broken into irregular spots, as is also the case in the juvenile plumage of the allied species. The bill has not attained its full length yet. Material examined. — Pichincha 2, Quito 2, Bafios 2, Chiquinda 2, "Sarayacu" i, "Baeza" i, "Guayaquil" i, "Ecuador" i. 8 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus crassirostris TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH: Most closely related to, and agreeing with X. p. procerus in blackish brown, broadly streaked pileum, nearly white (plain) throat, postocular and subauricular stripe, and pale olivaceous or buffy brown under parts; but bill slenderer with terminal portion paler horn gray, streaks underneath somewhat wider, middle of abdomen and under tail-coverts more heavily spotted with black, markings on head more whitish, less buffy. Wing (male) 135, (female) 127; tail no; bill 49-50. This form is quite distinct from the geographically nearest X. p. ignotus, differ- ing by its blackish pileum with much broader buffy whitish streaks, much paler, olive brown instead of raw umber or deep bister brown coloration, much narrower streaking beneath without conspicuous blackish lateral borders, whitish (instead of buff) markings on sides of head, plain white throat, smaller size, and paler bill. Material examined. — Ecuador: Alamor, Prov. Loja i. Peru: Lajilla, Prov. Piura i . Both in collection of American Museum of Natural History, New York. b Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus compressirostris TACZANOWSKI: Very nearly related to X. p. lineatocephalus of Bolivia, but throat feathers deeper buff, broadly edged with olive brown laterally; rump suffused with olive brown instead of being plain chestnut rufous like the tail ; bill slightly longer and paler horn gray. Similar to X. p* phaeopygus in coloration of throat, but rump more or less mixed with 284 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Temperate Zone of northern Peru, in depts. of Cajamarca (Tambillo, Cutervo), Amazonas (Leimabamba), and San Martin (Mt. Ray-Urmana, above Chirimoto, Valley of Huayabamba). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus phaeopygus Berkpsch and Stolz- mann*. BROWN-RUMPED WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes phaeopygus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 377 — Culumachay, Maraynioc, Peru (type examined). Range: Temperate Zone of central Peru, in Dept. Junin (Culu- machay, Chelpes). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus lineatocephalus (Gray)b. OLIVA- CEOUS WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes lineatocephalus GRAY, Genera of Birds, I, pi. 43, 1847 — no locality given; idem, Handlist Gen. & Spec. Birds, i, p. 176, 1869 — type stated to be from Bolivia (type in British Museum examined). Dendrocolaptes simpliciceps LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 100, 1850 — Yungas, Bolivia (type in Paris Museum examined). Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (not of LESSON) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 780 — Huasampilla, Peru (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 622 — Tilotilo, Bolivia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 144, 1890 — part, spec, q-u, Huasampilla, Tilotilo. Xiphocolaptes simpliciceps RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 18, 1890 (ex LAFRESNAYE) ; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 112, 1906 — Yungas (crit.). chestnut rufous, pileum conspicuously streaked with buff, bill longer and paler. Wing (six specimens) 142-148; tail 120-130; bill 45-48. Material examined. — Peru: Cutervo (Berlepsch Collection) i, Leimabamba 4, Huayabamba i. a Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus phaeopygus BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN: Very similar to X. p. lineatocephalus, but pileum almost uniform (there being but a few hair like shaft lines on the nape) ; rump brown, just a little more rufescent than the back, only the longest upper tail-coverts dull chestnut rufous; sides of the head heavily streaked with dusky, the buff subauricular streak being consequently oblit- erated; throat, almost up to the chin, strongly edged with olive brown; pale streak- ing on breast slightly narrower. Wing (male) 138, (female) 133; tail 115-120; bill 43-46. While this form is easily separable from the Bolivian race, more material is needed to corroborate its distinctness from compressirostris of northern Peru. Material examined. — Peru, Junin: Culumachay i, Chelpes i. b Most of the specimens have narrow, criniform shaft streaks on the pileum like the Ecuadorian X. p. ignotus, though, sometimes, they are hardly apparent. The Huasampilla bird approaches phaeopygus by having the throat more buff y and slightly edged with brownish. Material examined. — Bolivia : Yungas (type of D. simpliciceps) i ; San Cristobal i ; Dept. Cochabamba, Incachaca 6, Cocapata 3, Roquefalda i, Yungas of Coch- amba i. Peru: Huasampilla i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 285 Range: Andes of Bolivia (Cocapata, San Cristobal, Incachaca, Roquefalda, Yungas of Cochabamba) and southeastern Peru (Hua- sampilla, Dept. Cuzco). Xiphocolaptes orenocensis orenocensis Berlepsch and Hartert*. ORIN- OCAN WOOD-HEWER. Xiphocolaptes orenocensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — Nericagua (type) and Munduapo, Rio Orinoco (spec, examined); CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 269, 1916 — same localities. Range: Venezuela, on the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua). Xiphocolaptes orenocensis berlepschi Sneihlage*. BERLEPSCH'S WOOD- HEWER. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus berlepschi SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 15, 1908 — Cachoeira, Rio Punis, Brazil (type examined); idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 339, 1914 — Cachoeira. Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus subsp. ?, BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 377 — La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Peru (spec, examined). a Xiphocolaptes orenocensis orenocensis BERLEPSCH and HARTERT: Not unlike X. p. promeropirhynchus in general coloration, notably in having the pileum black- ish with strongly defined buff streaks; but bill very much larger (longer as well as heavier) and pale grayish horn color instead of blackish; no plain buff subocular stripe, this region being streaked with blackish like the auriculars; chestnut of rump, wings and tail deeper; upper and under parts darker and less olivaceous; pale stripes below wider. Wing 139-145; tail 121-127; bill 50-52. X. orenocensis and its southern allies appear to be specifically distinct from X. promeropirhynchus, though they may ultimately prove to be its representatives in the Tropical Zone. They are, however, very little known and their proper rela- tionship requires further investigation with the aid of more satisfactory series. Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua (the type) i, Munduapo 2. b Xiphocolaptes orenocensis berlepschi SNETHLAGE: Very nearly related to the typical race, but breast and abdomen strongly suffused with cinnamon rufous or Sanford's brown; middle of abdomen with but a few indistinct, or without any black- ish transverse spots; streaks on crown more whitish, less buffy. There is some variation in the extent and intensity of the rufous color on the lower parts, in five skins from the Rio Punis, including the type. Three specimens from the Tapaj6z merely differ by darker bill, slightly more spotted belly, and by having the upper back finely streaked with buff. Birds from Peru, on the other hand, generally have shorter bills and much less rusty suffusion beneath, approach- ing X . o. obsoletus, from Bolivia. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Four males from the Rio Punis 145,146,147,147 125,130,130,137 50,50,52,58 One female from the Rio Punis 138 125 52 Two males from the Rio Tapaj6z 139,140 125,125 53,55 One female from the Rio Tapaj6z 147 123 55 One male from Yahuarmayo, Peru 137 116 47 One male from Rio Tavara, Peru 143 118 48 One female from La Gloria, Peru 142 115 49 One male from Pozuzo, Peru 133 no 45 Material examined. — Brazil, Rio Punis: Cachoeira (the type) i, Nova Olinda i, Hyutanahan 3. Rio Tapaj6z: Apacy i, Santarem i, Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem i. Peru, Dept. Cuzco: Marcapata i, Rio Tavara i; Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno i; La Gloria, Dept. Junin i; Pozuzo, Dept. Huanuco i. 286 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapajoz (Santarem, Colonia do Mojuy, Apacy) to the Punis, and eastern Peru, in depts. of Huanuco (Pozuzo), Junin (La Gloria, Chanchamayo) , Cuzco Marcapata, Rio Tavara), and Puno (Yahuarmayo, Carabaya). Xiphocolaptes orenocensis obsoletus Todd*. STEINBACH'S WOOD- HEWER. Xiphocolaptes obsoletus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — Rio Yapa- cani, Bolivia (type examined). Range: Eastern Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz (Rio Yapacani, Cerro Hosane). "Xiphocolaptes major major ( Vieillof). GREAT RUFOUS WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocopus major VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 26, p. 118, 1818 — Abased on "Trepadore Grande" Azara, No. 241, Paraguay. Dendrocolapies rubiginosus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 2, cl. 2, pi. 16, 1833 — "Buenos Ayres" (errore). Dendrocolaptes major LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 103, 1850 — part, descr. and hab. Paraguay and "Buenos Aires"; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Nac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Dendrocolaptes cyanotis (not of LiCHTENSTEiNb) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. n, 1856 — part, Paraguay (excl. syn. D. fakir ostris SPIX). Xiphocolaptes major SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., p. 71, 1868 — part, Para- guay; SALVIN, Ibis, 1880, p. 359 — Tucuman; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 15, 119, 1887 — Lambare, Paraguay (spec, examined); SCLATER and HUD- SON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201, 1888 — part, Paraguay and Argentina; DALGLEISH, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 80, 1889 — Est. Ytanu, south of Asuncidn, Paraguay (eggs descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890 — part, Argentina and Paraguay, and spec, e, Tucuman; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 16, 1890 — Paraguay and Argentina (monog.); KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 133 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 13, 1895 — Baranquera la Novia, Puerto Pagani, and Colonia Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, Tala, Salta; KERR, Ibis, 1901, p. 226 — Conception and Paraguayan Chaco; LILLO, Anal. Mus. ''Xiphocolaptes orenocensis obsoletus TODD: Similar to X. o. berlepschi, but bill smaller (shorter as well as slenderer); streaks on crown more deeply buff; sides of head more heavily striped with blackish; under parts decidedly darker, about raw umber, with narrower light streaks and very little, if any, rusty suffusion on abdom- inal line. Wing 140-145; tail 119-124; bill 47-48. Material examined. — Bolivia: Rio Yapacani 2, Cerro Hosane i. b Dendrocolaptes cyanotis LICHTENSTEIN (Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, P- 201, 1820; I.e. for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — based on "Le Grand Grimpar" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 66, pi. 25, 1807 — "Bresil") appears to me absolutely unidentifiable. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 287 Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, Tapia, and Vipos, Tucumdn; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia, Tucumdn; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, ii, p. 255, 1904 — Rosario, Salta; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 306, 1910 — part, excl. Jujuy; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 250, 1907 — part, Santiago del Estero; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 532 — Sapucay; GRANT, I.e., IQII, p. 134 — Puerto San Juan and Villa Pilar, Paraguay. Xiphocolaptes major major HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909 — Tapia (Tucumdn), Ocampo (Santa F6); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 317, 1912 — Carayau, Paraguay (crit.). Range: Paraguay and northern Argentina, from prov. of Santa F6, Chaco and Formosa west to Cordoba, Tucumdn, Santiago del Estero, and Salta. 4: Argentina, Prov. Tucuman (Leales i, Trancas 2, Tucuman City i). Xiphocolaptes major castaneus Ridgway*. GREAT CHESTNUT WOOD- HEWER. Xiphocolaptes major castaneus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889", p. 1 6, Feb. 1890 — Piedra Blanca, eastern Bolivia (type examined); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Piedra Blanca; HARTERT and VEN- TURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Rio San Francisco, Jujuy; DABBENE, a Xiphocolaptes major castaneus RIDGWAY : Similar to X . m. major, but pileum decidedly darker, russet brown or dusky brown (instead of buffy brown) ; chestnut of upper parts on average deeper, and lower surface also somewhat darker, more rusty cinnamon. The darker head is the only constant character of this form, and yet one of two adult males from Retire, Matto Grosso (Vienna Museum, No. 16010, October 4, 1825, J. Natterer) is just as light crowned as Paraguayan examples (X. m. major). The other points of distinction claimed by Mr. Ridgway do not hold good, being ex- ceedingly variable in different individuals. The color of the throat, in the series from Matto Grosso, varies from whitish to dark rusty brown, while, both in Para- guay and Matto Grosso, birds with plain belly, and others with distinct blackish transverse spots or bars along the abdominal line are found. Five skins from Urucum which formed the basis of X. major saturatus CHERRIE. while somewhat darker than all the rest from Matto Grosso, are precisely matched by an example from Embarcaci6n, Dept. Oran, Salta (American Museum Nat. History, New York, No. 141298). The type of X. m. castaneus, from Piedra Blanca, and one of the males from Retiro also approach them closely in intensity of upper parts, though below they are appreciably lighter. I cannot see anything but indi- vidual variation in this divergency, considering the fact that the type localities of X. m. castaneus (Piedra Blanca) and X. m. saturatus (Urucum) are but a few miles apart. Material examined. — X. major major. — Paraguay: Bernalcue" (near Asunci6n) 6, Lambare' i, Conception 2, Fort Wheeler 6. Argentina, Terr, del Chaco: General Pinedo i, A via Terai i. Prov. Tucumdn: Santa Ana i, Leales 2, Trancas 2, Tucu- mdn City 2. Santiago del Estero: Suncho Corral i. X. major castaneus. — Brazil, Matto Grosso: Cuyabd i, Engenho do Pan i, Barra do Jauru i, Caicara 2, Retiro 2, Descalvados i, Urucum 5, unspecified i. Bolivia: Piedra Blanca i. Argentina, Prov. Salta, Dept. Ordn: Embarcaci6n i. 288 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 23, p. 318, 1912 — Bolivia (crit.); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 94, 1920 — Matto Grosso. Xiphocolaptes major saturatus (not of RIDGWAY 1890) CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 187, 1916 — Urucum, near Corumba, Matto Grosso (type ex- amined). Xiphocolaptes major obscurus TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 30, p. 5, 1917 — new name for X. major saturatus CHERRIE, preoccupied. Dendrocolaptes major (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. n, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 103, 1850 — part, spec, ex Bolivia et Rio Mandigo, Matto Grosso. Dendrocolaptes cyanotis (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. n, 1856 — part, Bolivia. Xiphocolaptes major PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 43, 1868 — Cuyabd, Engenho do Pari, Caicara, Barra do Jaurti, and Retiro, Matto Grosso (spec, examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, Exotic Orn., p. 71, pi. 36, 1868 — part, Bolivia; idem, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; WHITE, I.e., 1882, p. 613 — Campo Colorado, Oran, Salta; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 145, 1890 —part, spec, a-d, Bolivia; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, San Lorenzo (Jujuy), San Francisco and Caiza (Bolivia); L6NNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 469 — Tatarenda, Bolivian Chaco. Xiphocolaptes castaneus SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso. Range: Western Brazil (in State of Matto Grosso), eastern Bolivia, and adjoining parts of the Argentine provinces of Jujuy (San Lorenzo, Rio San Francisco) and Salta (Dept. Oran). Genus DENDROPLEX Swainson. Dendroplex SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 354, 1827 (generic characters only); idem, Classif. Birds, 2, p. 314, 1837 — type Oriolus picus GMELIN*. *Dendroplex picus picus (Gmelin). PICINE WOOD-HEWER. Oriolus picus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., i (i), p. 384, 1788 — based on "Le Talapiot" DAUBENTON, PI. enl. 605, Cayenne. Gracula picoides SHAW, Gen. Zool., 7 (2), p. 476, 1809 — new name for Oriolus picus GMELIN. Dendrocopus rectirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 119, 1818 — new name for Oriolus picus GMELIN. a Diagnosis and outline of bill (fig. 28ie, p. 313) correspond to the characters of Oriolus picus, although the only species mentioned, D. guttatus SPIX, Av. Bras., I, §1. 91, fig. i, belongs to the genus Xiphorhynchus SWAINSON ( = Dendrornis EYTON). wainson obviously followed LESSON (Traite' d'Orn., p. 313) in misidentifying Spix's plate with Oriolus picus which, I believe, has to be regarded as genotype of Den- droplex, being the only species, known at that time, answering to the generic char- acters. See also GRAY, List Genera Birds, 1840, p. 17, and LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, 1850, p. 595. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 289 Dendrocolaptes chrysolopus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 203, 209, 1820 — no locality given, but apparently Prov. Bahia" (=juv.). Dendroplex picus bahiae BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 369, 1921 — Bahia. Dendrocolaptes picus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1818-19, p. 203, 1820 (diag.); idem, I.e. for 1820-21, p. 265, 1822 — Prov. Bahia (synon.); idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 16, 1823 — Bahia; WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1134, 1831 — eastern Brazil. Dendroplex picus CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 690, 1848 — British Guiana; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2> 2, p. 595, 1850 — Cay- enne, Brazil (monog.); BURMEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 18, 1856 (descr., range); BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 35, 1857— Cayenne; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — part, Rio dos Piloens, Ara- guay (Goyaz), Barcellos, Forte do Rio Branco, Obidos, Cajutuba, Pard (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1873, p. no — Cayenne; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Pard; LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 386 — Pard; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, P- 422 — British Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890 — part, spec, a-j, Bahia, "Rio Claro, Goyaz", Pernambuco, Mexiana, Para; RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; BERLEPSCH and HART- ERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — Perico, Maipures, R. Orinoco (spec, exam- ined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Mahury, Sinnamary, Kourou, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Para, Maraj6, Rio Moju, Monte Alegre; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 108, 1906 — part, spec, e-h, Rexe (Goyaz), Mahury, Kourou, Cayenne (French Guiana); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 249, 1907 — Bahia, Santarem; HAGMANN, Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 26, p. 33, 1907 — Mexiana; HELL- MAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65, 1908 — Rio Araguaya and Rio Thesouras, Goyaz; BERLEPSCH, I.e., p. 148, 1908 — Cayenne, Approuague, French Guiana; SNETH- LAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 508, 1908 — Goyana, Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Cabula (Bahia), Piranha, Parnagud, Santa Philomena, Therezina, Sao Goncalinho, Riacho da Raiz, near Uniao, Piauhy; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 337, 1914 — part, Para, Ilha das Oncas, Capanema, Quati-puni, Rio Guamd, Rio Moju, Tocantins (Arumatheua), Cussary, Tamucury, Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Goyana), Maraj6, Mexiana, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuni, Rio Jamundd (Faro); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 124, 1921 — numerous localities. Dendroplex picus picus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 1910 (range); idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No.2, p. 39, 91, 1912 — Ipitinga, Rio Acard, and Pard localities; idem, I.e., p. 113, 120, 1912 — Isl. Mexiana; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 268, 1916 — Perico and Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, Pard; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 — Villavicencio, Colombia; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 65, 1918 — •See LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for 1820-21, p. 265, 1822. 2QO FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Paramaribo, Surinam; idem, I.e., 64, p. 366, 1921 — Paramaribo (Surinam), Annai (Brit. Guiana) (crit.). Dendroplex picirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — part, Ciudad Bolivar (spec, examined). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; northern and eastern Brazil, north of the Amazon from Mexiana and Maraj6 west to the Rio Negro (Barcellos), south of the river west to the Tapajoz, and as far south as northern Goyaz and Bahia; Venezuela, in the Orinoco Val- ley (from Las Barrancas up to San Fernando de Atabapo) ; eastern Col- ombia (Villavicencio)*. 15: Surinam (Paramaribo i); British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demer- ara River 2); Brazil (Itacoatiara i, lower Rio Branco i, Conceicao i, Boa Vista i, Serra da Lua i; Maranhao, Cururupu i, Sao Luiz i, Sao Bento i, Rosario i, Codo i; Arara, Piauhy i; Sao Amaro, Bahia i). *Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov.b. ENCONTRADOS WOOD- HEWER. Range: Heavily forested region south of Lake Maracaibo, in south- ern portion of State of Zulia, Venezuela, and adjacent districts of San- tander, Colombia. 9: Venezuela, Zulia (Encontrados 5, Catatumbo River i, Santa Elena, Rio Guachi i); Colombia, Santander (El Guayabal, ten miles north of San Jose* de Cucuta 2). B Birds from eastern Brazil (Pard to Bahia) average more rufescent underneath, but there is much individual variation, and so many specimens are indistinguishable from those of Guiana that I do not see any practical advantage in recognizing D. p. bahiae. Certain examples from Guiana and the Rio Branco are conspicuous by their very rufous coloration and can hardly be separated from the upper Amazonian D. p. kienerii. Material examined. — French Guiana 9, Dutch Guiana 7, British Guiana 2. Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Las Barrancas 6, Ciudad Bolivar 6, Agua Salada de Ciu- dad Bolivar 3, Maipures 2, Perico 6, Munduapo i. Brazil: Rio Branco 5, Barcellos, Rio Negro i, Obidos i, Itacoatiard i, Para district 5, Mexiana 8, Maranhao 5, Bahia 12. b Dendroplex picus saturatior subsp. nov. Type from Encontrados, Zulia, Venezuela, in Field Museum of Natural History, No. 34011. Adult male. February 26, 1908. N. Dearborn. Similar to, and agreeing with D. p. picus in narrow, dusky edged superciliaries, streaked cheeks and auriculars, and squamulated malar region and throat ; but breast and abdomen very much darker, varying from Brussels brown to deep cinnamon brown (instead of being Dresden brown). The back, too, is generally darker, more of an auburn or chestnut tinge, while the light spots underneath are more confined to the breast. Wing (male) 98-104, (female) 92-98; tail 82-89; bill 27-30. This saturated race replaces the well known D. p. picus in the humid Tropical Zone at the northern base of the Andes south of Lake Maracaibo. Two skins from El Guayabal are perfectly identical with the Venezuelan ones. D. p. saturatior is obviously specifically distinct from D. p. picirostris, found in the semi-arid littoral of northern Zulia, around the city of Maracaibo and on the opposite shore of the lake on the Rio Aurare, back of Altagracia. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 291 Dendroplex picus altirostris (Leotaud)*. TRINIDAD WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes altirostris LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 166, 1866 — Trinidad (type now in Mus. Comp Zool. Cambridge examined) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Trinidad (ex LEOTAUD); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 69, 1906 — Trinidad (ex LEOTAUD). Dendroplex picus altirostris BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 367, 1921 — Trinidad (crit. note on type). Range : Island of Trinidadb. *Dendroplex picus kienerii (DesMurs)*. KIENER'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis kienerii DESMURS in Castelnau, Expe'd. AmeY. Sud, Oiseaux, livr. 18, p. 45, pi. 14, fig. i, June 1856 — Ega, Rio Solimoes (type in Paris Museum examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 169, 1890 (ex DESMURS). Dendrocolaptes rectirostris (not of VIEILLOT) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 12, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Dendroplex picus (not of BODDAERT) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — part, Cuyaba, Villa Maria ( = Sao Luiz de Caceres), Caicara, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso, Sao Vicente, Rio Guapore, Salto Theotonio, Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., I5> P- 138, 1890 — part, spec, k, 1, Amazons and Bolivia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 108, 1906 — part, spec, a-d, Ega, Sarayacu, Chiquitos, Pebas (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366, 1907 — Borba; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 337, 1914 — part, Monte Verde, Rio Punis. Dendroplex picus kienerii SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Monte Verde, Rio Punis (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 327, 1910 — Cal- ama, Rio Madeira (crit., range); BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 369, 1921 — Upper Amazon (crit.). Range: Western Brazil, from the Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama, Salta Theotonio) westwards, north to the Solimoes (Ega = Teffe*), south "• Dendroplex picus altirostris (LEOTAUD) : Closely similar to D. p. picus, but larger, approaching D. p. kienerii in size; light spots on under parts larger, more strongly defined, and extending down to anal region; bill much larger and heavier, with the culmen on apical portion more curved. Wing (two specimens) 108-111; tail 83-90; bill 31-35- Only known from three specimens in the Lafresnaye collection, now in the Mu- seum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. b Dendrocolaptes picus, mentioned by LEOTAUD (Ois. Trinidad, p. 164) as com- mon in the mangrove swamps of Trinidad, is probably also referable to altirostris. ° Dendroplex picus kienerii (DESMURS) : Similar to D. p. picus, but decidedly larger, with heavier, paler bill; under parts much more tawny. Wing (of male) 100- 114; tail 88-104; bill 26-30. Material examined. — Brazil: Ega [ = Teff£] i (the type); Monte Verde, Rio Purus i ; Rio Madeira, Calama 6, Borba 4, Salto Thetonio i ; Matto Grosso, Rio Guapor6 i, Sao Vicente i, Sao Luis de Caceres 2, Villa Bella i, Cuyaba i. Bolivia: Chiquitos i, Buenavista i. Peru: Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali i, Moyobamba i, Pebas i. 292 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. to Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Sao Luis de Caceres, Caicara, Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, Rio Guapore) ; eastern Bolivia (Chiquitos) ; eastern Peru (Sarayacu, R. Ucayali; Moyobamba; Pebas). 2: Peru (Moyobamba i); Bolivia (Buenavista i). *Dendroplex picirostrisa picirostris Lafresnaye. PLAIN-THROATED WOOD-HEWER. Dendroplex picirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zoo]., 10, p. 76, 1847 — Rio Hacha, Col- ombia (type examined); DssMuRS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 9, pi. 51, 1847 — Rio Hacha (figure of type); LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 596 (monog.) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Pilar, Bermudez; I.e., p. 627 — San Esteban; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 115, 331— Santa Marta; SALVIN and GODMAN, I.e., 1880, p. 171 — Santa Marta; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 139, 1890 — part, spec, a-g, Santa Marta, Bogota, Cumana, San Esteban, Nueva Andalusia; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 138, 1898 — Santa Marta; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 51 (note on type), 306 — Ambalema, above Honda, Magda- lena Valley; ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 274, 1901 — San Julian; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 65, 1902 — part, Altagracia, Caicara, R. Orinoco; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, P- *57, 1900 — Bonda; idem, I.e., 21, p. 288, 1905 — Bonda (nest and eggs descr.) ; LOWE, Ibis, 1909, p. 322 — Cariaco Peninsula; HELLMAYR and SEIL- ERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 165, 1912 — San Esteban; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Jocopita, Manimo River, Orinoco Delta; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 268, 1916 — [Ciudad Bolivar, errore], Altagracia, Caicara, R. Orinoco (nest and eggs descr.). Dendroplex picus picirostris CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 — Turbaco, Rio Atrato; La Playa, MaganguS, Banco, Puerto Berrio, Malena, Honda, Chicoral, Magdalena River; BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 370, 1921 — Rio Hacha and near Santa Marta (crit.). a Dendroplex picirostris, in spite of its general similarity, is probably specifically distinct from D. picus, as results from a study of their respective ranges. Both D. picus picus and D. picirostris picirostris are found along the banks of the Orinoco River, although the latter appears to prefer more open, semi-arid country. D. picirostris differs from its ally by much wider and nearly plain buffy white superciliaries, unstreaked sides of the head, unmarked buff or white throat and fore- neck, broader, rhomboid rather than oval spots on the breast, larger spots on crown, and more chestnut rufous (less brownish) back. Birds from the Orinoco Valley and the north coast of Venezuela are precisely simi- lar to the type and specimens from Santa Marta. The few examples seen from the Magdalena Valley, Carthagena, and lower Atrato do not appear to be separable either. Twelve examples from Bermudez (Plains of Cumana 10, Gulf of Cariaco i, Laguna Grande del Obispo i) are also referable to picirostris, though two closely approach longirostris in coloring of back and under parts. Material examined. — Colombia: Carthagena i, Rio Atrato i, Puerto Berrio i, "Bogota" 5, Santa Marta 3, Rio Hacha 3. Venezuela: Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare i, Puerto Cabello 2, Rio Orinoco 26 (Altagracia 17, Quiribana de Caicara i, Caicara 8), San Fernando, Rio Apure 2; Bermudez 12. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 293 Dendroplex picirostris picirostris TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 280, 1922 — Tururinca, Bonda, Mamatoco, Gaira, Fundaci6n, Punto Cai- man, Dibulla, Santa Marta. (?) Dendroplex picus (picirostris'}') HALLINAN, Auk, 41, p. 319, 1924 — Rio San Juan Diaz, Panama (only seen). Range: Semi-arid districts of Colombia (Rio Atrato; Turbaco, Car- thagena; Santa Marta region; Magdalena Valley up to Honda and Chi- coral; Rio Hacha, Goajira) and northern Venezuela (Maracaibo and Rio Aurare, near Altagracia, Zulia; Puerto Cabello, Carabobo; San Julian, Miranda; Bermudez), south to the Orinoco Valley (Jocopita, Manimo River; Altagracia, Caicara; San Fernando, Rio Apure). 7: Colombia (Carthagena i, Atrato River i, Puerto Berrio, Mag- dalena River i); Venezuela (Maracaibo i, Rio Aurare i, Puerto Ca- bello i). *Dendroplex picirostris longirostris Richmond*. LONG-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Dendroplex longirostris RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 18, p. 674, Aug. 1896 — Margarita Isl.; CLARK, Auk, 19, p. 264, 1902 — Margarita Isl.; LOWE, Ibis, 1907, p. 561 — Margarita Isl.; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 247, 1909 — Margarita Isl. Dendroplex picirostris (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Pilar, Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 139, 1890 — part, spec, e, g, Cumana and Nueva Andalusia. Dendroplex picus longirostris BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, P- 37i> 1921 — Margarita Isl. (crit.). Range : Margarita Island, off Venezuela. 10 : Margarita Isl. 10. Genus XIPHORHYNCHUS Swainson. Xiphorhynchus SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., i, p. 440, June 1827 — type by mono- typy Xiphorhynchus flavigaster SwAiNSONb. Picolaptes LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1840, p. 18) Picolaptes spixii LESSON. Dendrornis EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 23 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, 1855) Dendrocolaptes susurrans JARDINE. 8 Dendroplex picirostris longirostris RICHMOND: Very similar to D. p. picirostris, but larger with heavier bill; pectoral spots larger; abdomen darker brown and less rufescent; back, wings and tail deeper chestnut rufous. Wing (male) 105-108, (female) 100-103; tail 85-92; bill 29-32. b See OBERHOLSER, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 62, 1905. 294 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus (Lichtenstein) . BUFF-THROATED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes guttatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-19, p. 201, 1820; I.e., for 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — "in Brasiliae provincia Bahia"; idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 17, 1823 — Bahia; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 12, 1856 — Bahia. Nasica guttatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 385, 1850 — Brazil. Dendrornis guttata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Bahia and Rio de Jan- eiro (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 — part, spec, a-c, Bahia, Brazil; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 185, 1890 — Bahia (monog.). Dendrornis guttata guttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Bahia. Xiphorhynchus guttatus LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilh6os — Belmonte, Bahia. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro*. *Xiphorhynchus guttatus d'orbignyanus (Lafresnaye)b. D'ORBIGNY'S WOOD-HEWER. Nasica Dorbignyanus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 420, 1850 — Guar- ayos and Chiquitos, Bolivia (types in Paris Museum examined). Xiphorhynchus guttata rimarum CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 35, p. 391, 1916 — mouth of Rio San Antonio in Rio Espirito Santo, Bolivia (type ex- amined). Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 10 — Guarayos, Bolivia. Dendrornis rostripallens (not of DESMURS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, p. 45, 1868 — part, Villa Maria [ = San Luiz de Caceres], Engenho do Gama, Das Pedras, Sangrador, and Alecrim, Matto Grosso (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 15, p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, r, s, Bolivia. Dendrornis guttata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Guanai, Bolivia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 — part, spec, g, Guanai. a Material examined. — Bahia 14, Rio de Janeiro i. b Xiphorhynchus guttatus d'orbignyanus (LAFRESNAYE) principally differs from X. g. guttatus by whitish maxilla, unstreaked back (only the uppermost portion ad- joining the hindneck with a few hairlike buff streaks), and by the dusky lateral edges to the buff stripes on the under parts being either absent or but faintly suggested. Birds from the northern slopes of the Sierra of Cochabamba (rimarum) appear to be absolutely identical with those from Santa Cruz and Chiquitos. Specimens from Brazil are larger and more tinged with rusty underneath, while the pileum is, as a rule, less dusky. There is, however, much individual variation. Material examined. — Bolivia: Chiquitos i, Guarayos i, Santa Cruz 2, Guanai i, Todos Santos 2, Rip San Mateo 5, Buenavista 5. Brazil, Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama 3, Villa Maria 4, Das Pedras i, Sangrador 2, Tapirapoan i, Urucum 2, Cha- pada i, Descalvados i; Goyaz, Rio Araguaya i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 295 Dendrornis d1 orbignyanus ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 182, 1890 — Guarayos and Chiquitos (Bolivia), Matto Grosso (Brazil); ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 123, 1893 — Chapada, Matto Grosso. Dendrornis guttata dorbignyana MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Chiquitos, Guarayos (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 64, 1908 — Rio Araguaya, Goyaz (crit.). Xiphorhynchus guttata dorbignyeana LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 93, 1920 — Matto Grosso. Range : Bolivia, north and east of the Andes, in depts. Cochabamba (San Mateo, Todos Santos, Rio Chapare", Rio San Antonio) and Santa Cruz (Guarayos, Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Chiquitos), and interior of Brazil (Matto Grosso and Goyaz, east to the Rio Araguaya). 4: Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare i, Buenavista 2, Santa Cruz i). *Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides (Lafresnaye}*. SPOTTED WOOD- HEWER. Nasica guttatoides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 387, 1850 — Loretto, Rio Maranon, Peru, and Colombia = Bogota (=juv.)b. Picolaptes subguttatus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, A, Sittinae, p. 187, 1853 — new name for Nasica guttatoides LAFRESNAYE. Dendrornis rostripallens DESMURS in Castelnau, Exped. AmeY. Sud, Ois., livr. a Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides (LAFRESNAYE) : Agrees with X. g. d' orbigny- anus in pale coloration of maxilla, but the upper back is marked with large, buff, longitudinal spots, laterally edged with blackish, while the buff markings on the chest are also distinctly margined with blackish. Birds from Colombia (Rio Putumayo), Rio Negro (Marabitanas), Ecuador, and Teff6 are identical with a series from Peru, and eight specimens from the left bank of the Rio Madeira (Humaytha, Marmellos) do not differ either. A single adult male from Nericagua (upper Orinoco, Venezuela), although identified as sororia by Ber- lepsch and Hartert, I unhestitatingly refer to the present form. Specimens from the right bank of the upper Rio Madeira (Salto Theotonio, Calama, Allianca) and north- ern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt) form the transition to X. g. eytoni, found lower down on the Madeira River (at Borba), as far as coloration is concerned, but in shape and color of bill they more nearly agree with guttatoides. Material examined. — Venezuela: Nericagua, R. Orinoco i. Colombia: "Bogota" 7, Cuembi, Rio Putumayo 2. Ecuador: Sarayacu i, Rio Napo 3. Peru: Pebas 12, Cavallo-Coche i, Iquitos i, Lagunas i, Yahuarmayo 3. Brazil: Marabitanas 3, Teffe1 2, Rio Jurua i; Rio Madeira, Humaytha 3, Marmellos 5, Salto Theotonio i, Calama 4, Allianca i ; Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso 2. b While there can be no question that the Loretto example, examined in the Paris Museum, is but a young individual, with undeveloped (short, blackish brown) bill, of the species described by DesMurs from the same region as D. rostripallens, I am now a little doubtful about the "Bogota" skins. Only two out of seven have the long pale bill of rostripallens, while in all the others the maxilla is more or less dusky brown or blackish, which may possible indicate intergradation with X. g. sororius. Whether the Loretto bird of the Paris Museum or the Bogota skin in the Lafres- naye Collection has a better claim to be considered the type of N. guttatoides is very hard to decide. 296 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 18, p. 45, pi. 12, fig. 2, June 1856 — "le Haut Amazone" (types from Pebas, Peru examined in Paris Museum; = adult); SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164, 1862 — Rio Napo and Ega; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Sarayacu, R. Ucayali, Peru; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — Sarayacu; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 176, 1884 — Sarayacu, Elvira, Pebas, Yurimaguas, Monterico, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, c-q, Ega, Nauta, Iquitos, Samiria, Sarayacu (Peru), Sarayacu and Rio Napo (Ecuador), Bogota; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 184, 1890 — part, Colombia and Sarayacu, Ecua- dor (monog.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 — La Merced, Peru; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurud (spec, examined); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Cachoeira, Bom Lugar, Ponto Alegre, and Monte Verde, Rio Purtis. Dendrornis guttatoides DEsMuRS in Castelnau, Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Ois., livr. 18, P- 43i pl- *3» fig- 2, 1856 — Loretto, Peru; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 186, 1890 — Colombia (crit.). Dendrornis guttata (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, p. in, 1854 — Quijos, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico. Dendrornis pallidirostris (LAFRESNAYE MS.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo. Dendrornis eytoni (not of SCLATER) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Salto Theotonio, upper Rio Madeira (spec, examined). Dendrornis rostripattens sororia BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63, 1902 — part, Nericagua, R. Orinoco (spec, examined). Dendrornis guttata guttatoides MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 99, 1906 — Pebas, Cavallo-Coche, Peru (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 248, 1907 — Rio Jurua; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 59, 1907 — Teffe\ Rio Solimoes (range); idem, I.e., 14, p. 465, 1907 — Humaytha, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 324, 1910 — Marmellos, Calama, and Allianca, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 434, 1914 — Rio Punis. Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatoides CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 266, 1916 — foot of Mount Duida, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 419, 1917 — Florencia, Caqueta region; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 77, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Dept. Puno, Peru. Range: Upper Amazonia, from southeastern Colombia (Cuembi, Rio Putumayo; Florencia, Rio Caqueta) and southern Venezuela (Neri- cagua, and foot of Mount Duida, upper Orinoco) through eastern Ecua- dor to Peru, and western Brazil east to the Rio Madeira. i: Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga i). *Xiphorhynchus guttatus eytoni (Sclater). EYTON'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes eytoni SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 21, "1853", p. 69, pl. 57, July 1854 — Rio Capim, near Para. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 297 Dendrornis eytoni SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Pard; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Para and Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 129, 1890 — Rio Capim, Para, Santarem, Borba; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 182, 1890 — Capim, Para, Santarem (monog.); RIKER and CHAPMAN, I.e., 8, p. 27, 1891 — Diamantina, near Santarem; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 283, 1905 — Igarape'-Assti; idem, I.e., 13, p. 366, 1906 — San Antonio do Prata; idem, I.e., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Rio Tapaj6z; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — Pard, Rio Guamd, Marajd; idem, I.e., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Ilha do Coatd and Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 335, 1914 — Pard, Mocajatuba, Capanema, S. Antonio do Prata, Ourem (Rio Guamd), Rio Tocantins, Rio Xingu, Rio Curua, Rio Tapajdz, Maraj6 (Santa Ana). Dendrornis guttata eytoni HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 366, 1907 — Borba; idem, I.e., 17, p. 324, 1910 — Borba. Xiphorhynchus guttatus eytoni HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga (Pard localities); BEEBE, Zoologica, (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga, Pard. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from western Mar- anhao west to Borba, right bank of lower Rio Madeira*. 4: Brazil, Maranhao (Tury-Assu 3, Grajahu i). "Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius (Berlepsch and Harteri)b. ORINOCO WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis rostripallens sororia BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63, 1902 — part, Maipures (type), Perico, Quiribana de Caicara, Bichaco, and Munduapo, Rio Orinoco; Suapure and La Pricion, Caura (spec, examined); MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Ouanary, French Guiana. Dendrocolaptes guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) CABANIS in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 690, 1848 — British Guiana. Dendrornis rostripallens (not of DESMURS) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Mandos]; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 129, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Oyapock (Cayenne), Barra do Rio Negro. Dendrornis guttatoides (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164, 1862 — Cayenne; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 128, 1890 — Cayenne, Bartica Grove. a Material examined. — Maranhao 4. Pard: Pard i, Benevides i, Igarape'-Assu 2, S. Antonio 2, Peixe-Boi 2, Ipitinga i. Rio Tapajdz: Itaituba i, Villa Braga i . Rio Ma- deira: Borba 8. b Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius (BERLEPSCH and HARTERT): Nearly allied to X. g. guttatoides, but maxilla dusky or blackish brown; under parts less rusty, with the blackish lateral edges to the ochraceous buff markings much more pronounced. Material examined. — Venezuela, Rio Orinoco: Quiribana de Caicara 2, Perico 6, Bichaco i, Maipures 4 (including the type), Munduapo 3; Caura River, La Pricion 3, Suapure i . British Guiana : Quon ja i , Demerara i , Mazaruni i . Dutch Guiana : Paramaribo 2. Brazil: Rio Branco 4, Obidos i. 298 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrornis guttata sororia HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31, 1907 — Obidos; idem, I.e., 14, p. 59, 1907 (range); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 334, 1914 — Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro). Dendrornis guttatoides sororia BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 1908 — Cayenne. Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororia CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 266, 1916 — Orinoco River from Quiribana de Caicara to Munduapo, Maripa and La Union, Caura River. Xiphorhynchus guttatus sororius BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo]., 62, p. 65, 1918 — vicinity of Paramaribo, Lelydorp, and Javaweg, Surinam. Xiphorhynchus sororius CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 121, 1921 — British Guiana (numerous localities). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Caura and Orinoco Valley as far up as Munduapo) ; northern Brazil, south to the north bank of the Amazon (Obidos, Faro, Mandos). 7: British Guiana (Hyde Park, Demerara R. i, Mazaruni River i); Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo i); Brazil, Rio Branco (Conceicao i, base of Serra da Lua, near Boavista 2, lower Rio Branco i). *Xiphorhynchus guttatus demonstrates Hartert and Goodson*. SAN ESTEBAN WOOD-HEWER. Xiphorhynchus nanus demonstratus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 419, 1917 — San Esteban Valley, Venezuela. Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 627 — San Esteban; idem, I.e., 1869, p. 252 — Guacara, Lake Valen- cia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, v, w, y, Puerto Cabello, San Esteban and Caracas (spec, examined). Xiphorhynchus guttatus nanus HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. no, 1912 — San Esteban, Las Quiguas, Cumbre de Valencia, Cara- bobo. Range : Northwestern Venezuela, in Dept. Federal Occidental (Car- acas, Loma Redonda), and in states of Carabobo, Aragua, Lara, Me"r- ida, Tachira, and Zulia (Orope). 4: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia 3, Colon, Tachira i). Xiphorhynchus guttatus rosenbergi Bangs*. ROSENBERG'S WOOD- HEWER. • Xiphorhynchus guttatus demonstratus HARTERT and GOODSON, is exceedingly close to X. g. nanus. In fact, the only difference I can find is the slightly more rusty tinge of the under surface, and even this is far from being constant. I am very doubtful about its distinctness. Material examined. — Venezuela: Caracas i, Lpma Redonda i, San Esteban i, Puerto Cabello i, Las Quiguas 4, Cumbre de Valencia 4, Valencia i, Duaca, Tocuyo i, Mt. Bucarito i ; Merida, Upper wood region i, Ejido i, Lagunillas i ; Tachira, Colon i ; Orope, Zulia 3. b Xiphorhynchus guttatus rosenbergi BANGS: Nearly allied to X. g. nanus, but stripes on under parts wider and much more heavily margined with black laterally. Five specimens (including the type) from the Cauca Valley examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 299 Xiphorhynchus rosenbergi BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 72, 1910 — Guabinas, Rio Cauca (type examined); HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 419, 1917 — Rio Cauca (crit.). Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus (not of LAWRENCE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 421, 1917 — part, Rio Frio and Manuelita, Rio Cauca; (?) Atrato River. Range: Western Colombia (Cauca Valley). *Xiphorhynchus guttatus nanus (Lawrence). LAWRENCE'S WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis nana LAWRENCE, Ibis, 5, p. 181, 1863 — Isthmus of Panama; idem, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 4, 482, 1863 — Panama; SCLATER and SAL- VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Lion Hill (crit.); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 174, 1890 — part, Panama and Colombia; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer- ic., Aves, 2, p. 180, 1891 — part, Lion Hill, San Pablo Station, and Panama; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 25, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 157, 1900 — Cacagualito, Santa Marta district. Dendrornis lawrencei RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 509, Aug. 1888 — Panama. Dendrornis guttatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Rio Truando. Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 171 — Minca, Santa Marta district; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, g-u, San Pablo Station, Paraiso, Panama, Minca. Dendrornis nana nana BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Panama (diag.). Xiphorhynchus nanus nanus THAYER and BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 217, 1906 — Savanna of Panama; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 250, 1911 — eastern Panama and Colombia (excl. Rio Lima); CHAP- MAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 421, 1917 — part, Puerto Berrio, Opon, and Honda, Magdalena Valley; STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263, I9jg — Gatun, Canal Zone; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 6s, p- 211, 1922 — Jesusito, Darien; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 278, 1922 — Don Diego, Trojas de Cataca, Fundaci<5n, Cincinnati, Las Vegas, Agua Dulce, and Tucurinca, Santa Marta district; HALLINAN, Auk, 4*1 P- 3J9> X924 — Gatun, Culebra, and Juan Mina, Panama. Range: Eastern Panama (from the Canal Zone eastwards), and northern and eastern Colombia (Santa Marta region; Magdalena Valley; "Bogota")". 2: Panama (Colon 2). • "Bogota" skins appear to be inseparable from a series from Panama and Santa Marta. 300 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Xiphorhynchus guttatus costaricensis (Ridgway). TUCURRIQUI WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis lawrencei costaricensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 510, Aug. 1888 — Tucurriqui, Costa Rica. Dendrornis nana costaricensis CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 532, 1891 (crit.); BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Costa Rica, north to Nicaragua, south to Chiriqui (diag.); idem, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, Lagarto, Barranca de Puntarenas, s.w. Costa Rica; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 270, 1910 — Guayabo, Costa Rica. Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, b-f, Angostura (Costa Rica), (?) Calovevora (Veragua), Bugaba (Chiriqui). Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 174, 1890 — part, Nicar- agua and Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 1 80, 1891 — part, Rio Segovia (Honduras), Tucurriqui and San Carlos (Costa Rica), (?) Calovevora (Veragua), and Bugaba (Chiriqui); RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Greytown and Rio Escondido, Nicar- agua; UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 440 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica. Dendrornis lawrenceii costaricensis LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — part, San Juan Valley, Costa Rica. Xiphorhynchus nanus costaricensis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 652, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 252, 1911 — western Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and southern Hon- duras (monog.). Range: Western Panama (Bugaba, Divala, Chiriqui)', Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and southeastern Honduras (Rio Segovia). 7: Costa Rica (Siquirres 2, Guayabo i, Talamanca i, Limon 3). *Xiphorhynchus guttatus confinis (Bangs). WHITE-THROATED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis nana confinis BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 150, 151, 1903 — Ceiba, coast of Honduras; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 1 08, 1907 — Los Amates, Guatemala (crit.). Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, a, Medina, Honduras. Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 180, 1891 — part, Medina, Honduras. Dendrornis lawrenceii costaricensis (not of RIDGWAY) LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — part, Santo Tomas, Guatemala. Xiphorhynchus nanus confinis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 253, 1911 — Honduras and Guatemala (monog.). • No specimen seen from Veragua. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 301 Range: Honduras (Medina, Ceiba) and Guatemala (Santo Tomas; Los Amates, Izabel; Chapulco). 2: Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel i, Chapulco i). *Xiphorhynchus susurrans susurrans (Jardine). COCOA WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes susurrans JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 81, 1847 — Tobago. Nasica albisquama LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 4, p. 465, 1852 — locality unknown (type in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined*). Dendrornis susurrans TAYLOR, Ibis, 1864, p. 85 — Trinidad; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, b1-!1, Trinidad, Tobago; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, Tobago and Trinidad; CORY, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 — Tobago; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 48, 1894 — Princes- town, Trinidad; DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — Tobago; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., I, p. 292, 1906 — Aripo, Trinidad. Nasica susurrans LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 160, 1866 — Trinidad. Dendrornis consobrinus DALMAS, M6m. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — Trinidad. Dendrornis susurrans susurrans HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 29, 1906 — Caparo, Chaguaramas, Pointe Gourde, Seelet, Laventille, and Valencia, Trinidad (crit.). Dendrornis sursurans sursurans CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., i, p. 365, 1908 — Carenage and Aripo, Trinidad. Range : Islands of Tobago and Trinidadb. 5 : Tobago. *Xiphorhynchus susurrans jardinei (Dalmas)0. BERMUDEZ WOOD- HEWER. "The type, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2262 (Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 77163), kindly forwarded by Mr. Outram Bangs, is an adult bird in excellent condition. It is an ex- tremely typical example of the white throated insular race and most probably orig- inated from Trinidad. Its measurements are as follows: Wing 106; tail 90; bill 38.5. b On comparing twenty-four skins from Trinidad and twenty from Tobago I fail to see any difference in coloration. There is much individual variation in the tinge of the under parts as well as in the amount of spotting on the back, and certain ochreous bellied examples are hardly distinguishable from X. s. jardinei. Trinidad birds appear to be generally larger, but the divergency is too inconstant to warrant the recognition of a separate race, X. s. albisquama. The X. susurrans group is probably conspecific with X. guttatus. " Xiphorhynchus susurrans jardinei (DALMAS) : Very close to X. s. susurrans, but throat deep buff instead of whitish or light buff, and remainder of under parts more tinged with fulvous or ochreous. Ten skins from Bermudez, when compared with a large series from the islands, are decidedly more buffy beneath, particularly on the throat, and the fact that only 302 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrornis jardinei DALMAS, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 13, p. 140, 1900 — "C6te de Paria"= vicinity of Cumand, Bermudez (type now in Tring Museum ex- amined). Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 167 — Caripe", Bermudez; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, x, Carip£; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, Venezuela; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 4, p. 55, 1892 — El Pilar; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 1897 — Cumanacoa, Bermudez; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 247, 1909 — El Copey Mt., Margarita Isl. Nasica beaitperthuysii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — part, spec, collected by Beauperthuys "in Peru" [=near Cumand, Venezuela], but not the description8 (spec, in Paris Museum examined); idem, I.e., (2) 4, p. 468, 1852 (crit.). Dendrornis susurrans jardinei HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 30, 1906 — near Cumand, Maturin, Guanoco, Venezuela; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 102, 1906 — Cumana (crit.). (?) Dendrornis susurans susurans (sic) BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, p. 93, 1909 — Cano Guanoco and La Brea, Orinoco Delta (spec, examined). (?) Xiphorhynchus susurrans susurrans CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 266, 1916 — Guanoco (crit.). Range: Northeastern Venezuela, in State of Bermudez, and Mar- garita Island, probably also in the Orinoco Delta (Guanoco). i: Venezuela (La Asuncion, Margarita Isl. i). Xiphorhynchus polystictus (Salvin and Godntan)b. SPOTTED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis polysticta SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, (5) i, p. 210, 1883 — Bartica Grove, British Guiana; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 135, pi. 10, 1890 — Bartica Grove; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 182, 1890 (ex SALVIN and GODMAN). Xiphorhynchus polystictus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 123, 1921 — upper Takutu Mts., Bartica, Bonasica, Great Falls of Demerara River, Arawai. Range: British Guiana. five (out of twenty-four) from Trinidad, and one (out of twenty) from Tobago match or approach them in coloration, leaves no doubt as to the geographic significance of the difference. Three specimens from the Orinoco Delta are difficult to place, two being nearer to jardinei, while the third is a perfectly typical representative of the white throated Trinidad form. Material examined. — Bermudez: "Cumand" 4 (including the type), Los Pal- males i, San Antonio i, Santa Ana i, Celci Puede i, Maturin 2; Margarita Island i; Orinoco Delta, Guanoco 3. *• According to his own notes on the labels, Lafresnaye regarded Beauperthuy's specimens as representing the ju venal plumage. b We do not know this rather doubtful species. BERLEPSCH and HARTERT (Nov. Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902) suspect it may be the juvenile plumage of X. guttatus sororius, and the published picture of the type seems to support this theory. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 303 *Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster Swainson. IVORY-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster SWAINSON, Philos. Mag., (new ser.), I, p. 440, 1827 — Temiscaltepec, Mexico. Dryocopus eburneirostris* DnsMuRS, Iconog. orn., livr. 9, pi. 52, 1847 — Realejo, Nicaragua (type in Paris Museum examined). Nasica flav-igaster LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 383, 1850 — Mexico (monog.). Picolaptes validirostris EYTON, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 75 — no locality given. Dendrornis flavigaster ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — part, excl. Yucatan and west- ern Mexico; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 — Los Amates and Patulul, Guatemala. Dendrornis eburneirostris SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 130, 1890 — part (excl. spec, e-i, Yucatan and Meco Island) ; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 178, 1891 — part; HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 537, 1903 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 101, 1906 — part, spec, a-p, Realejo (type), Guatemala, and numerous Mexican localities. Dendrornis eburneisastris (sic) LANTZ, Trans. Kansas Ac. Sci., 16, p. 221, 1899 — Chocan River, Guatemala, and Chaloma, Honduras. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster flavigaster RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 244, 1911 — Mexico to Nicaragua (monog.). Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Campeche, and Chiapas), and through Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras, and Salvador to Nicaragua and Costa Rica (Miravelles). 16: Mexico (Tehuantepec, Tapana i, Santa Efigenia i, Alta Mira, Tamaulipas i, Valles, San Luis Potosi 5, Pueblo Viejo, Vera Cruz i, "Mexico" i); Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabel 3, Patulul, Solola 2); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega i). Xiphorhynchus flavigaster mentalis (Lawrence). GRAYSON'S WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis mentalis (BAIRD MS.) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 8, p. 481, 1867 — Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico; idem, Mem. Boston Soc. N. H., 2, p. 285, 1874 — Mazatlan and Tepic; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 131, 1890 — Presidio, near Mazatlan. Dendrornis flavigaster (not of SWAINSON) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 278, 1890 — part, spec, ex Mazatlan and Manzanillo. Dendrornis eburneirostris SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 178, 1891 — part, western Mexico. a This name, though credited to Lesson, is not to be found in the "Echo du Monde Savant." 304 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrornis flavigaster mentalis MILLER, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 355, 1905 — Los Pieles, etc., Sinaloa (crit.). Xiphor hynchus flavigaster mentalis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 247, 1911 — western Mexico (monog.). Range: Western Mexico, in states of Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Colima, Michoacan, and Tepic. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus (Nelson). LARGE-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis flavigaster megarhynchus NELSON, Auk, 17, p. 265, 1900 — Puerto Angel, Oaxaca. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster megarhynchus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 248, 1911 — southwestern Mexico (monog.). Range: Southwestern Mexico, in states of Guerrero and western Oaxaca (Puerto Angel). Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis Ridgway. YUCATAN WOOD- HEWER. Xiphorhynchus flavigaster yucatanensis RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Temax, Yucatan; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 248, 1911 — Yucatan (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 374, 1913 — Camp Mengel. Dendrornis eburneirostris (not of DESMURS) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 201, 1869 — Yucatan; BOUCARD, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 450 — Yucatan (habits); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 130, 1890 — part, spec. e-i, Yucatan and Meco Isl.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 101, 1906 — part, spec, q-s, Izamal, Yucatan. Dendrornis flavigaster (not of SWAINSON) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — part, spec, from Yucatan, Temax, and Me'rida; COLE, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 132, 1906 — Chichen-Itza, Yucatan. Range: Yucatan, Mexico". Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (Richmond)*. STRIPED-THROATED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis striatigularis RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 22, p. 317, 1900 — Alta Mira, Tamaulipas (type examined). Xiphorhynchus striatigularis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 249, 1911 — Alta Mira (monog.). Range: Eastern Mexico, in southern Tamaulipas (Alta Mira). 8 According to PETERS (Auk, 30, p. 374-5, 1913), specimens from Camp Mengel, Terr. Quintana Roo are more or less intermediate to X. /. flavigaster. b Xiphorhynchus striatigularis (RICHMOND) : Not unlike X. flavigaster in general appearance, but whole throat conspicuously streaked with blackish ; buff streaks of chest and breast margined laterally with a chain like streak of blackish ; wing-coverts streaked with black and buff. Wing (adult female) 106; tail 85; bill 37. Known only from the type specimen. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 305 *Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus (Lawrence). BLACK-STRIPED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis lachrymosus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 467, 1862— Lion Hill, Panama. Dendrornis sp.? CASSIN, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 294 — Rio Truando; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Lion Hill. Dendrornis lacrymosa SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Panama (crit.); idem, I.e., 1867, p. 279 — Bluefields R., Nicaragua; SALVIN, Ibis, 1872, p. 313, 317 — Chontales, Nicaragua; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 181, 1890 — Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, a, h-j, Chontales (Nicaragua), Panama, Remedies; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 182, pi. 48, fig. i, 1891 — part, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia; RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 498, 1893 — Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; UNDERWOOD, Ibis, 1896, p. 440 — Volcan de Miravelles, Costa Rica (spec, examined); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — Carondelet and Bulun, Ecuador. Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus rostratus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Rio Dagua, Colombia8. Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius (not of HELLMAYR) CARRIKER, Ann. Car- negie Mus., 6, p. 654, 1910 — part, Bonilla, Reventaz6n, Guacimo, Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, El Hogar, and La Vijagua, Costa Rica (habits). Dendrornis lachrymosa rostrata HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1153 — Con- doto, Rio Condoto, and Noanama, Colombia (crit.). Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus lachrymosus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., SO, Part 5, p. 242, 1911 — Nicaragua to n.w. Colombia (monog.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 420, 1917 — Baudo, N6vita, Novita Trail, Noanama, Dabeiba, Alto Bonito, San Jose, Barbacoas, Pacific Colombia; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Mt. Sapo, Darien. Xiphorhynchus lacrimosus lacrimosus STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263, 1918 — Gatun, Panama. Range: Nicaragua (Bluefields River, Chontales, Rio Escondido); northern and eastern Costa Ricab; Panama (Lion Hill, Gatun, Canal Zone; Mt. Sapo, Darien), and along the Pacific coast of Colombia south to northwestern Ecuador (Carondelet, Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas) . 7: Colombia (Rio Dagua ic, Condoto, Rio Condoto, Choco i); Ecuador (Carondelet 4, Bulun i). Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum Chapman*. CAUCA RIVER WOOD- HEWER. a Birds from Pacific Colombia and Ecuador (rostratus) are inseparable from a series of topotypical Panama specimens. b Having seen but a single young female (from Volcan de Miravelles), I am not positive that birds from northern and eastern Costa Rica are really quite identical with lachrymosus to which they were referred by Mr. Ridgway. " Type of X. lacrymosus rostratus RIDGWAY, collected by W. F. H. Rosenberg. d Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum CHAPMAN: "Similar to X. I. lachrymosus, but buffy guttate spots on back smaller and narrowly margined with black and 306 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus alarum CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34, p. 642, 1915 — Puerto Valdivia, lower Cauca; idem, I.e., 36, p. 421, 1917 — Puerto Valdivia. Dendrornis lacrymosa (not of LAWRENCE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 523 — Remedies, Colombia. Range: Northern Colombia, in State of Antioquia (Puerto Val- divia, lower Cauca; Remedios, Magdalena drainage). *Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius (Hellmayr)*. STRIPED-BELLIED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis lachrymosa eximia HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 537, 1903 — Boruca, Costa Rica; BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1907 — Pozo del Rio Grande. Dendrornis lacrymosa (not of LAWRENCE) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 144 — Santiago de Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 193 — Bugaba and Volcan de Chiri- qui; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 133, 1890 — part, spec, b-g, Santiago de Veragua, Bugaba, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves., 2, p. 182, 1891 — part, Volcan de Chiriqui, Bugaba, Bibalaz and San- tiago de Veragua; BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui. Dendrornis lachrimosa CHERRIE, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 40, 1893 — Palmar and Boruca, Costa Rica. Xiphorhynchus lacrymosus eximius CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 654, 1910 — part, Pozo Azul de Pirris and El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica. Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 243, 1911 — southwestern Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.). Range : Western Costa Rica (north to Siquirres and Jimenez) and western Panama (Volcan of Chiriqui, and Veragua). 7: Costa Rica (Palmar i, Pozo Azul de Pirris i, El Pozo de Ter- raba i, Siquirres i); Panama (Bugaba 2, Veragua i). Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangs! Chapman*. BANGS'S WOOD-HEWER. Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260, more widely with Dresden brown rather than broadly margined with black; spots below averaging smaller; lesser wing-coverts with much less black, the outer greater coverts margined externally with brownish above instead of black." (CHAP- MAN, I.e.). We do not know this race. • Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus eximius (HELLMAYR) : Similar to X. I. lachrymosus, but black markings on under parts much more developed, the abdomen being heavily streaked; upper back more blackish; rufous of wings and tail deeper. Two specimens from Veragua (Bibalaz) are extremely typical of this form. Two skins from Jimenez and Siquirres respectively agree perfectly with a series from the Terraba Valley, being much more heavily striped below than X. I. lachrymosus, of Panama. b Xiphorhynchus triangularis bangsi CHAPMAN: Nearly allied to X. t. triangularis, but more brownish, less olivaceous above; the lighter rufous of the tail-coverts ex- tended on to the rump; the buff spots on the crown larger; back distinctly 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 307 1919 — Yungas of Cochabamba, Bolivia; HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 77, 1920 — Marcapata, Huaynapata, Idma (Dept. Cuzco), Santo Domingo, Carabaya (crit.). Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Simacu, Bolivia; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Simacu, Bolivia; BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 93, 1906 — Idma, above Santa Ana, Urubamba; idem, I.e., p. 116, 1906 — Huaynapata, Marcapata (spec, examined). Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., *5i P- I3I» l%9° — part, spec, v, w, Simacu, Bolivia. Dendrornis triangularis subsp., BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 — Garita del Sol, Vitoc. Dept. Junin. Range: Southern Peru (from the valley of Vitoc, Dept. Junin southwards) and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba). *Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis (Lafresnaye) . OLIVE-RUMPED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes triangularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 5, p. 134, 1842 — "Bolivia" = Bogota, Colombia* (type in Mus. Comp. Zool examined); idem, Mag. Zool., (2) 5, Ois., pi. .32, 1843 (type stated to be from Santa Fe de Bogota). Nasica triangularis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — Santa F6 de Bogota (monog.). Dendrornis triangularis SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 165, 1862 — part, spec, a, Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 781 — Merida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 523 — Santa Elena, Antioquia; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Ray-Urmana, near Chiri- moto, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 177, 1884 — Ray-Urmana; idem and BER- LEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Machay, Ecuador (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 132, 1890 — Bogota, Santa Elena, Merida; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Dendrornis triangularis bogotensis BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 — "Colombia" = Bogotd (type examined). Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1875, p. 235 — M&ida; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Baeza, Ecuador (spec. examined). Dendrornis triangularis triangularis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1154 (crit., char, and range). streaked with buff; throat more whitish, with olivaceous rather than blackish edges; whitish markings on breast smaller and becoming reduced to narrow streaks on the abdomen; under tail-coverts more tinged with cinnamomeous ; bill largely ivory whitish, dusky only at base and extreme tip of maxilla. Wing 103-119; tail 85-101; bill 26-32. Material examined. — Bolivia: Songo, Dept. La Paz 2, Quebrada Onda, Dept. Cochabamba 3. Peru: Santo Domingo 2, Caradoc i, Huaynapata i, Marcapata 4, Idma, Urubamba i, Garita del Sol, Vitoc i. a See CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 260, 1919. 308 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus triangularis triangularis HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 109, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 420, 1917 — Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro Mun- chique, Cocal (western Andes), Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, El Eden, La Candela, La Palma, San Agustin (central Andes), Andalucia, Fusugasuga, Aguadita, Anolaima, Buenavista (eastern Andes), Colombia. Xiphorhynchus triangularis LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 71, 1922 — Maspa, below Papallacta. Range: Subtropical Zone of the Andes of northern Peru (Chacha- poyas and Ray-Urmana, near Chirimoto, Dept. Amazonas), eastern Ecuador (Machay, Baeza, Maspa), Colombia (except Santa Marta re- gion), and western Venezuela (Andes of Merida; Cumbre de Valencia, Carobobo)8. 9: Colombia (Bogota i, Andalucia, eastern Andes i, Cocal, west of Popayan i); Venezuela, Est. MeYida (Culata 3, Escorial i, Paramo Tambor i, Carbonera i). *Xiphorhynchus triangularis aequatorialis (Berlepsch and Taczanowski)b. PACIFIC WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis erythropygia aequatorialis BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo, Ecuador (type examined); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 490, 1898 — Chimbo and Paramba, Ecuador; MENEGAUX, Miss. Serv. g£ogr. Mes. Arc Me"rid. Equat., 9, p. B 45, 1911 — Gualea and Santo Domingo, Ecuador. Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859, p.i40 — Pallatanga; idem, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 165, 1862 — part, spec, b, Pallatanga. Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, t, u, Pallatanga, vicinity of Quito; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Chimbo. Dendrornis aequatorialis SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador. a Two adult males from Chachapoyas (Peru) and four from eastern Ecuador (Baeza, Machay) agree well with a series from Colombia and Me'rida, while birds from the Cumbre de Valencia are, on average, somewhat more olivaceous above. Material examined. — Peru: Chachapoyas 2. Ecuador: Baeza 2, Machay 2. Col- ombia: Bogota 10, Andalucia i, Cocal i, Jerico i, Riolima, Cauca i. Venezuela: Andes of M&ida 14, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 8. b Xiphorhynchus triangularis aequatorialis (BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI) : Dif- fers from X. t. triangularis in more brownish (less olivaceous) upper parts; plain (unspotted) crown, with only a few narrow buff streaks on forehead; the much deeper chestnut rufous of wings and tail spreading also over the lower back; much deeper buff throat, with the olive markings restricted to small, rounded apical spots; larger spots on breast and abdomen; uniform horn brown maxilla, etc. Material examined. — Ecuador: Chimbo 7, Santo Domingo 2, Gualea i, Nane- gal 3, Nono 2, Intac i, Cachabi 2, Bulun 8, Lita 7, Paramba 9, Ventana i. Colombia: N6vita i, El Tigre i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 309 Dendrornis punctigula (not of RIDGWAY) GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Nane- gal, Intac, Gualea, Ecuador (spec, examined). Dendrornis triangularis aequatorialis HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1153 — Novita and El Tigre, Pacific Colombia (crit., range). Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 419, 1917 — Quibdo, Baudo, San Jose, Buena vista, and Barbacoas, Pacific Colombia. Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 71, 1922 — Mindo, Gualea, road to Nanegal. Range : Tropical Zone of western Ecuador (from Chimbo to Esmer- aldas) and of Pacific slope of Western Andes of Colombia (north to Quibdo and Baudo) . 10: Ecuador (Chimbo i, Gualea i, Santo Domingo 2, Lita i, Par- amba 2, Bulun 3). *Xiphorhynchus triangularis insolitus Ridgway*. TRUANDO WOOD- HEWER. Xiphorhynchus punctigula insolitus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Cascajal, Code", eastern Panama. Xiphorhynchus punctigulus insolitus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 257, 1911 — eastern Panama and Rio Truando, Colombia. Dendrornis triangularis (not of LAFRESNAYE) CASSIN, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 193 — Rio Truando. Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER 1859) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1864, p. 355 — Lion Hill, Panama; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, s, Panama; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Lion Hill, near Aspinwall, Panama. Dendrornis punctigula (not of RIDGWAY) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 188, 1890 — part, Rio Truando. (?) Xiphorhynchus aequatorialis aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 419, 1917 — part, La Frijolera, lower Cauca. Range: Eastern Panama (Cascajal, Code"; Lion Hill, Panama Rail- road) and adjacent districts of northwestern Colombia (Atrato and Tru- ando rivers; (?) La Frijolera, lower Cauca). i: Colombia (Atrato River i). a Xiphorhynchus triangularis insolitus appears to have been based on intergrades between aequatorialis and punctigula. The specimen listed above, obtained by A. Schott on Lt. N. Michler's Expedition to the lower Atrato, has the back decidedly browner than the majority in the series of the two forms, though it is very nearly matched by a female from Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador, and an unsexed indi- vidual from Chiriqui. Markings of throat and spotting on under parts are exactly as in punctigula. On the other hand, two skins from Calovevora, Veragua — hence not far from the type locality of insolitus and in the same general region — I am quite unable to distinguish from Costa Rican specimens of punctigula, which, moreover, is sometimes hard to separate from aequatorialis. Individual variation in these birds is much greater than generally admitted. 310 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. *Xiphorhynchus triangularis punctigula (Ridgway) . SPOTTED-THROATED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis punctigula RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 544, Sept. 1889 — Naranjo, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Ibis, 1889, p. 352 (crit.); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 188, 1890 — part, Costa Rica (monog.); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 182, 1891 — Costa Rica, Chiriqui, and Veragua; CHERRIE, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, p. 17, 1893 — Pozo del Pital, Costa Rica; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui. Dendrornis erythropygia (not of SCLATER) CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 242, 1861 — Costa Rica; SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 144 — Santiago de Veragua; idem, I.e., 1870, p. 193 — Calovevora, Boquete de Chitra, Cordillera del Chucu, Bugaba and Volcande Chiriqui; LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N.Y., 9, p. 107, 1868 — Angostura, Pacuare, and Barranca, Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 414, 1883 — Rio Sucio, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, k-r, Angostura (Costa Rica), Castillo, Santiago, Calovevora (Veragua), Volcan de Chiriqui, and Bugaba; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Costa Rica, Veragua. Xiphorhynchus punctigula CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 653, 1910 — Costa Rica (habits). Xiphorhynchus punctigulus punctigulus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 255, 1911 — Nicaragua to Panama (monog.). Range: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Nortea), Costa Rica, and west- ern Panama (Chiriqui and Cordillera of Veragua) b. 9: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte i); Costa Rica (Tuis 2, Juan Vinas i); Panama (Boquete i, Chiriqui 3, Calovevora, Veragua i). *Xiphorhynchus triangularis erythropygius (Sclater). SPOTTED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis erythropygia SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 366, 1859 — Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico; idem, I.e., p. 381, 1859 — Oaxaca; idem and SALVIN, Ibis, 1860, p. 35 — Coban, Guatemala; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 131, 1890 — part, spec, a-i, Jalapa (Mexico), Rio de la Pasion, Chisec, Choctum, Vera Paz (Guatemala); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 187, 1890 — part, Mexico and Guatemala; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 181, 1891 a In the amount of spotting above, this bird is exactly intermediate between punctigula and erythropygia, but resembles the former in olivaceous coloration and restricted rufous uropygial area. b Birds from Veragua (Calovevora) and Chiriqui are identi cal with those from Costa Rica. X. t. punctigula is exceedingly close to X. t. aequatorialis, but generally distinguishable by brighter olivaceous under parts with smaller buff spots, more heavily spotted throat, somewhat lighter rufous rump and wings, etc. Single speci- mens are, however, not always separable. Through individual variation, it also intergrades with X. t. erythropygius, of Guatemala. There is notably a specimen from Chiriqui (at Tring) , which combines the greenish olive coloration of punctigula with the heavy spotting, both above and below, of erythropygia. Similar examples are no doubt responsible for Panama records of the last named race. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR . 311 — part, Mexican and Guatemalan localities only; BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Yaruca, Honduras. Xiphorhynchus erythropygius RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 254, 1911 — southeastern Mexico to Honduras (monog.). Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Chiapas), Guatemala, and Honduras (Yaruca). 4 : Guatemala (unspecified 4) . Xiphorhynchus ocellatusa ocellatus (Spix). OCELLATED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes ocellatus (guttatus) SPIX, Av. Bras., i,p. 88, pi. 91, fig. i, 1824 — "in sylvis campestribus Piauhy", errore (we suggest mouth of the Rio Madeira as type locality; type in Munich Museum examined). Nasica beauperthuysii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 419, 1850 — part, descr. and hab. banks of the Amazon, coll. Castelnau and Deville (types from Pebas, Peru in Paris Museum examined). Dendrornis weddellii DESMURS in Castelnau, Exped. Ame'r. Sud, Ois., p. 46, pi. 14, fig. 2, June 1856 — no locality given (types from the Peruvian Amazon in Paris Museum examined). Dendrornis palliata (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164, 1862 — part, spec, b, Rio Huallaga. Dendrornis ocellata PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas and Rio Xie", Rio Negro (spec, examined); SCLATER and SAL- VIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 978 — Pebas, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — part, Pebas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — • part, spec, a, d, e, Marabitanas, Rio Huallaga and Pebas (spec, examined) ; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 170, 208, 1890 (crit.); HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 538, 1903 (char., range); MENEGAUxand HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 103, 1906 — Pebas, Peruvian Amazon (crit. on types in Paris Museum); HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 634, 1906 (note on Spix's type); idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 326, 1910 — Borba, Rio Madeira (crit.); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Bom Lugar, Rio Punis; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 335, 1914 — Boim (RioTapaj6z) and Bom Lugar(Rio Purus). Dendrocolaptes chuncotambo (sic) (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — part, spec, c, Rio Negro. Dendrornis weddelli ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 168, 1890 (char.). Range: Northern Brazil (Boim, Villa Braga, Apacy, Rio Tapaj6z; Borba, Rio Madeira; Rio Punis; Marabitanas and Rio Xie", Rio Negro) and adjacent portions of eastern Peru (Pebas, Rio Maranon; lower Huallaga) . a Xiphorhynchus ocellatus, while agreeing with X. spixii and allies in shape and color of bill, is nevertheless quite distinct specifically, the plain brown back, with hardly a few hair like buff shaft lines on the nape and adjoining portion of the upper mantle separating it at first sight. Material examined. — Brazil: Rio Tapajoz (Villa Braga, Apacy) 17; Borba, Rio Madeira 9; Rio Punis 43; Rio Negro, Marabitanas 6, Rio Xi6 i; "Piauhy" i (the type). Peru: Pebas 2, Huallaga i, Peruvian Amazon 3. 312 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus ocellatus lineatocapillus (Berlepsch and Leverkuhn)*. LINED-HEADED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis lineatocapilla BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN, Ornis, 6, p. 24, pi. i, fig. i, 1890 — "Angostura", Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (type now in Berlin Museum examined); HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 539, 1903 (crit.). Xiphorhynchus lineatocapillus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 267, 1916 — ''Angostura". Range: Venezuela (" Angostura" =Ciudad Bolivar, Rio Orinoco). *Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo chunchotambo (Tschudfy. TSCHUDI'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes chunchotambo TSCHUDI, Arch. Naturg., 10 (i), p. 295, 1844 — Peru; idem, Faun. Peru., Aves, p. 241, pi. 22, fig. i, 1846 — Territory of the Chuncho tribe, Dept. Junin, Peru (type in Neuchatel Museum examined). Nasica chunchotambo LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 427 (ex TSCHUDI). Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750, 755 — Xeberos, Peru (spec, examined); idem, I.e., 1873, p. 185 — Cosnipata, Dept. Cuzco; idem, I.e., 1873, p. 271 — part, Xeberos; TACZANOW- SKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Amable Maria, Peru; idem, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 179, 1884 — Monterico, Huambo, Chirimoto, Amable Maria, Peru; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — part, spec, b, n, Xeberos, Cosnipata, Peru (examined). Dendrocolaptes chuncotambo SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — part, spec, d, Xeberos. Dendrornis chunchotambo TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, P- 529 — Monter- ico; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Chirimoto and Huambo (spec, examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 176, 1890 — Peru (descr. of one of Tschudi's originals in a Xiphorhynchus ocellatus lineatocapillus (BERLEPSCH and LEVERKUHN) : Closely similar to X. o. ocellatus, but bill larger, with the lower mandible brownish instead of horny whitish; pileum more blackish brown (though marked in the same way); back less rufescent. Wing (unsexed adult) 101 ; tail 88; bill 36. Known only from the type said to be from "Angostura". I have reasons to doubt the correctness of this locality, and suspect that the upper stretches of the Orinoco will prove to be the real habitat of D. lineatocapilla, which is certainly but a race of X. ocellatus. b Xiphorhynchus c. chunchotambo (TSCHUDI) : Not unlike X. o. ocellatus, but much more olivaceous, less rufescent above; pileum with well defined tear shaped spots instead of being narrowly streaked with buff; upper back conspicuously streaked with buff; squamate markings on throat and foreneck much larger, and heavily mar- gined with blackish; breast and upper abdomen distinctly streaked with buff; cul- men apically more curved. The type agrees with specimens from Chanchamayo and Huayabamba. A series from southeastern Peru (Marcapata, Yahuarmayo) is similar. Birds from Bolivia slightly differ by paler (partly whitish) and generally weaker bill. Material examined. — Peru: Xeberos i, Huambo 2, Huayabamba 4, Rioja i, La Gloria, Chanchamayo 2, Chuncho Territory (the type) i, Huachipa 6, Pozuzo 5, Cosnipata i, Marcapata 4, Rio Huacamayo, Carabaya 2, Yahuarmayo, Carabaya 5. Bolivia: Nairapi i, Songo 2, Juntas 2, Quebrada Onda 7, Rio Espirito Santo 2, San Mateo 3. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 313 U. S. Nat. Museum); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, P- 376 — La Gloria and Huayabamba, Peru (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, Journ. Orn., 51, p. 538, 1903 — Peru and Bolivia (crit., characters); BER- LEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 116, 1906 — Rio Cadena, Peru. Dendrornis pardalotus (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 622 — Nairapi, Bolivia (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 134, 1890 — part, spec, x, Nairapi. Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 79, 1920 — Yahuarmayo, Carabaya, Peru. Range: Eastern Peru (from depts. Amazonas and Loreto south to Carabaya) and Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba). ii : Peru (Rioja i, Pozuzo, Huanuco i, Huachipa, Huanuco 6); Bolivia (Rio Espirito Santo i, unspecified 2). Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis Chapman*. NAPO WOOD- HEWER. Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 123, p. 8, July 1924 — Upper Suno River, Ecuador. Dendrornis — ? SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 456, 1858 — Gualaquiza (spec, examined). Dendrornis palliata (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164, 1862 — part, spec, a, Gualaquiza. Dendrornis chuncotambo (not of TSCHUDI) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1871, p. 86 — part, spec, a, Gualaquiza. Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — part, spec, o-q, Gualaquiza and Sarayacu, Ecuador (spec, examined) ; SALVA- DOR: and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Rio Santiago, Ecuador (spec, examined). Range: Eastern Ecuador (Rio Suno, Zamora, Gualaquiza, Rio Santiago, Sarayacu, Rio Napo) . Xiphorhynchus pardalotus ( Vieillot)b. LEVAILLANT'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocopus pardalotus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 117, a Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo napensis CHAPMAN: Differs from X. c. chuncho- tambo by smaller buff spots on the crown, and narrower, more linear stripes on the upper back; under parts slightly richer in tone, throat more buffy, and streaking of abdomen less distinct. This form, in its characters, slightly diverges toward X. ocellatus, and it is yet possible that ocellatus and chunchotambo may be found to be subspecifically related. Material examined. — Ecuador: Gualaquiza i, Rio Santiago i, Rio Napo i, Sarayacu 2. b Xiphorhynchus pardalotus (VIEILLOT) bears a certain likeness to X. guttatus guttatoides, but besides the much smaller spots on the crown, and the deeper buff 314 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1818 — based on "Le Grimpar flambe'" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 74, pi. 30, Cayenne. Dendrocolaptes flammeus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818- 19, p. 202, 1820 — based on LEVAILLANT, pi. 74, Cayenne. Nasica pardalotus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 386, 1850 — part, Cayenne (monog.). Dendrornis pardalotus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (spec, examined); idem, Ibis, 1873, p. no — Cayenne; SALVIN, I.e., 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Roraima, and Merum£ Mts., Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 134, 1890 — part, spec, a-w Cayenne, Oyapoc, Barra, Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Merume', and Roraima; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 173, 1890 — Guiana (monog.); BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902 — Nericagua (R. Orinoco), Suapure and La Pricion (Caura), Venezuela (spec, examined) ; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 179, 1904 — Rio Lunier, French Guiana; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 319, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, Oyapoc, Rio Lunier, Camopi, French Guiana (spec, examined); SNETHALGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 335, 1914 — Rio Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira), Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro). Dendrornis nana (not of LAWRENCE) MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Camopi, French Guiana (spec, examined). Xiphorhynchus pardalotus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 267, 1916 — Nericagua (R. Orinoco), Suapure, La Union and La Pricion (Caura), foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Gui., 2, p. 122, 1921 — British Guiana (numerous localities). Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (Orinoco-Caura region); northern Brazil, south to north bank of lower Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Mandos). *Xiphorhynchus spixii (Lesson)*. SPIX'S WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes spixii LESSON, Traits d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — based on Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 88, pi. 91, fig. 2, 1824 — no locality given, we suggest Para (type lost). Dendrornis fraterculus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 526, Aug. 1888 — Diamantina, near Santarem, Rio Tapajoz (type examined). under parts with the light markings less wide and not so strongly margined with blackish laterally, it is readily recognizable by its much weaker, slenderer bill. Birds from Mandos and Obidos appear to have the dusky edges on the foreneck and chest less pronounced, but the divergency is very slight. Material examined. — French Guiana: Ipousin, Rio Approuogue 12, Cayenne 2, Rio Lunier i, Camopi i. British Guiana: Demerara i, Rio Carimang 2, Camacusa 2, Bartica Grove i. Venezuela: Nericagua 3, Suapure 6, La Pricion i. Brazil: Mandos 8, Obidos 3. a Xiphorhynchus spixii (LESSON), as well as X. elegans, X. juruanus, and X. in- signis are probably conspecific with X. pardalotus, replacing each other geographi- cally on the different river banks of the Amazon and its tributaries. X. spixii appears to range, in the west, to the right bank of the Tapajdz. The only specimen from Santarem (type of D. fraterculus) seen by me differs from four- teen Pard examples by slightly darker upper parts with the buff markings some- what narrower, and more restricted to the upper back. It is, however, a very poor skin. More material is required. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 315 Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Pard (spec, examined). Dendrornis spixii* PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — Pard (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 137, 1890 — Para; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 177, 208, 1890 — Pard (monog.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 282, 1905 — Igar- ap6-Assu, Para; idem, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 634, 1906 — Pard (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 (crit.); SNETH- LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p .525, 1906 — Pard, S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Pard, Providencia, Ananindeua, Apehu, Sta. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, Quati-puni, S. Antonio do Prata; Rio Guamd (Sta. Maria de S. Miguel), R. Tocantins (Baiao, Arumatheua), Rio Xingu (Victoria), Rio Iriri (Bocca do Curud), Rio Jamauchim (Tucunare), Rio Tapajdz (Bella Vista); Maranhao. Dendrornis susurrans (not of JARDINE) ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 171, 1890 — part, San- tarem; RIKER and CHAPMAN, I.e., 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem. Xiphorhynchus spixii HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga (Para localities; crit.). Xiphorhynchus pardalotus (not of VIEILLOT) BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, near Pard. Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from Maranhao west to the right bank of the Tapaj6z (Santarem, Bella Vista). i: Brazil (Utinga, near Para i). Xiphorhynchus elegans (Pelzeln)b. ELEGANT WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis elegans PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 63, 1868 — part, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 137, 1890 — Engenho do Gama; ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 177, 1890 — part, Engenho do Gama (ex PELZELN); SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 508, 1908 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 — Calama, Allianca, and Maroins, Rio Madeira (crit., range); SNETH- LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Villa Braga, Rio Tapaj6z. Range: Central Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the left bank of the Tapajoz (Villa Braga, Itaituba) to the Rio Madeira (Calama, Allianca, Maroins), south to western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore). s Sometimes spelled spixi. b Xiphorhynchus elegans (PELZELN) is well characterized, among its affines, by having the whole back, from the nape down to the chestnut rump, marked with large, pearl shaped spots of buff; the bend of the wing largely cinnamon rufous; distinct, though narrow buff shaft lines or subapical dots on the lesser and median, sometimes also on the greater upper wing-coverts, large, fan shaped buff markings on foreneck and chest, etc. Bill nearly straight, dusky horn color, yellowish at base of lower mandible. Material examined. — Matto Grosso: Engenho do Gama 4. Amazonas: Maroins, Rio Machados 3, Allianca, Rio Madeira 2, Calama 6; Rio Tapaj6z (Villa Braga, Itaituba) 10. 316 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus juruanus (Ihering)*. IHERING'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis ocellata juruana IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, "1904", p. 436, May 1905 — Rio Jurud (types examined); idem, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 248, 1907 — Rio Jurud. Dendrornis juruana HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 — Rio Jurua (crit.). (?) Dendrornis elegans PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 45, 1868 — part, Manaqueri. Range: Western Brazil, in State of Amazonas (Rio Jurud and Rio Purtis, probably extending north to Manaqueri, Rio Solimoes). *Xiphorhynchus insignis (Hellmayr)b. HELLMAYR'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrornis insignis HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 15, p. 55, March 1905 — Samiria, Rio Maranon, Peru; idem, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 325, 1910 (crit., range). Dendrornis sp. inc. SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Chyave- tas, Peru (spec, in British Museum examined). Dendrornis elegans (not of PELZELN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 271 — Chyavetas, Chamicuros (Peru), Bogota (spec, examined) ; TACZANOW- SKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 178, 1884 — Chami- curos and Yurimaguas, Peru; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1887 — Shanusi, near Yurimaguas (spec, examined). Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 136, 1890 — part, spec, c, f-h, j, 1, m, r-v, Yurimaguas, Chyavetas, Iquitos, Bogotd (spec, examined); GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Archidona, Ecuador (spec, examined). Xiphorhynchus insignis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 422, 1917 — Florencia and Buena Vista, Colombia. Range: Upper Amazonia, from eastern Colombia ("Bogota"; Buena Vista, above Villavicencio; Florencia, Rio Caquetd) through east- ern Ecuador (Archidona) to Peru (depts. of Loreto, Amazonas, Huan- uco, and Junin). 2: Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis, Dept. Junin 2). a Xiphorhynchus juruanus (IHERING): Somewhat intermediate between X. ele- gans and X . insignis. Agrees with the latter in plain (unmarked) upper wing-coverts and in markings of back, but the fan shaped spots on the under parts are very much smaller and mainly confined to the chest, while the bill is straighter and darker, more like X. elegans. In addition to the two typical examples from the Rio Jurud, I have examined more than thirty skins from the Rio Purus in the collection of the Carnegie Museum. I suspect that Natterer's Manaqueri example, now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, will prove to be referable to the present form. b Xiphorhynchus insignis (HELLMAYR) : Nearly allied to X. elegans, but markings above much deeper (more ochraceous), smaller (tear shaped rather than pearl shaped), and restricted to upper back; wing-coverts without trace of pale shaft streaks; bill more decurved, with maxilla terminally whitish. Material examined. — Colombia: "Bogotd" 12. Ecuador: Archidona i. Peru: Yurimaguas i, Chyavetas 2, Iquitos 4, Samiria i, Shanusi i, Pebas i, Chuchurras, Huanuco i, Puerto Bermudez 2. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 317 *Xiphorhynchus obsoletus obsoletus (Lichtenstein) . STRIPED WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes obsoletus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Ak. Wiss. for 1818-19, p. 203, 1820; idem, I.e., for 1820-21, p. 265, 1821 — "in Brasiliae provincia Pard" (type in Berlin Museum examined). Nasica multiguttatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 417, 1850 — Fonte- boa, Rio Solimoes, Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined). Picolaptes notatus EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 26 — no locality given (type in British Museum examined). Dendroplex similis PELZELN*, Orn. Bras., i, p. 46, 1868 — Engenho do Gama (Matto Grosso), Borba (Rio Madeira), Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Marabitanas, Rio Negro (spec, in Vienna Museum examined). Dendrornis multiguttata DESMURS in Castelnau, Exp£d. Amer. Sud, Ois., p. 44, pi. 12, fig. i, 1856 — Fonteboa, Brazil; SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 164, 1862 — Cayenne; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890 — part, spec, a, d, e, Oyapoc, Borba (spec, examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 175, 1890 — part, descr. and hab. Fonteboa, Santarem, Cayenne; RIKER and CHAPMAN, I.e., 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Saint Georges d' Oyapoc and Ouanary, French Guiana. Dendrornis obsoleta notata BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 64, 1902 — Altagracia, Munduapo, Caicara, Maipures, Nericagua, R. Orinoco; Sua- pure and La Pricion, Caura R., Venezuela (spec, examined); BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), i, p. 94, 1909 — upper Guarapiche, Orinoco Delta. Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 105, 1906 — part, spec, a-e, g-i, Fonteboa (Brazil), upper Sarare (Venezuela), Saint Georges d' Oyapoc and Ouanary, French Guiana (crit.); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 148, 1908 — Rio Approuague, Oyapoc, Ouanary, French Guiana; HELLMAYR, I.e., 17, p. 326, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira. Dendrornis obsoleta SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 508, 1908 — Bella Vista, Goy- ana, and Itaituba, R. Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua, R. Toc- antins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 336, 1914 — Rio Tocantins, Cussary; Rio Tapaj6z, Rio Jamauchim, Rio Jary, Arumanduba, Obidos, Rio Jamunda (Faro). Xiphorhynchus obsoletus notatus CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 267, 1916 — Orinoco and Caura Rivers. Range: French and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (valley of the Orinoco and tributaries); northern and western Brazil, from the Rio Branco, Rio Negro, and Solimoes (Fonteboa) east to the Tocantins, south to western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore')b. i: Brazil (lower Rio Branco i). B We designate as type locality Borba, Rio Madeira, where Natterer secured a good series. b Careful study of numerous examples from various localities reveals so much individual variation in the coloring of both upper and lower parts that I find it impossible to subdivide this form in spite of its extensive range. The type of D. ob- soletus, kindly loaned by Dr. E. Stresemann, is absolutely identical with a series 318 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Xiphorhynchus obsoletus palliatus (DesMurs)*. DBS MURS'S WOOD- HEWER. Dendrornis palliatus DEsMuRS in Castelnau, Exped. Am6r. Sud, Ois., p. 46, pi. 15, fig. i, 1856 — no locality indicated (the type examined in Paris Museum is from Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali, Peru). Dendrornis palliata SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — lower Ucayali (spec, examined); ELLIOT, Auk, 7, p. 178, 1890 — lower Ucayali (ex DESMURS). Dendrornis multiguttata (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 271 — lower Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 180, 1884 — lower Ucayali; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 304, 1889 — Sarayacu, Peru (spec, examined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 138, 1890 — part, spec, b, c, f, lower Ucayali and Rio Napo (spec, examined). Dendrornis ocellata (not of SPIX) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 236, 1890 — part, spec, i, j, Iquitos, Peru (spec, examined). Dendrornis obsoleta multiguttata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat., 19, p. 105, 1906 — part, spec, f, Rio Napo. Dendrornis obsoleta palliata MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 106, 1906 — Sarayacu, Peru (crit.). Range: Northeastern Peru (Rio Ucayali, Iquitos) and adjoining parts of eastern Ecuador (Rio Napo). Genus LEPIDOCOLAPTES Reich enbach. Lepidocolaptes REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 183, 1853 — type by subs, desig. (GRAY, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds, 1855, p. 29) Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN. from the Tapaj6z and Rio Madeira (Borba, Calama). Birds from the Guianas, Venezuela, and the north bank of the Amazon (Manaos, Marabitanas) average slightly more rufescent above, though there are many exceptions to this rule. The type of Picolaptes notatus EYTON, from an unknown locality is an extreme example of this northern variety. Four specimens from Fonteboa (multiguttata LAFRESNAYE) agree best with those from the Rio Negro and Orinoco, but the examination of a series of fresh skins seems desirable. Certain individuals, notably one from the upper Sarare and two from Munduapo (Orinoco) are very rufous throughout, being hardly distinguishable from palliata, of Peru. Material examined. — Brazil: "Para" (type of D. obsoletus} i; Goyana, Tapa- joz i, Tucunar6, Rio Jamauchim i; Rio Madeira, Borba 10, Calama 2; Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso i; Fonteboa 4, Manaos 3, Marabitanas, Rio Negro 4. French Guiana: Rio Approuague i, Oyapoc 2, Ouanary i. British Guiana: Annai 2. Venezu- ela, Rio Orinoco: Altagracia 3, Caicara i, Maipures 2, Munduapo 12, Caura River 5, upper Sarare i. * Xiphorhynchus obsoletus palliatus (DEsMuRs): Very similar to X. o. obsoletus, but back more rufous brown, less contrasting with chestnut of rump and tail; light markings above, and throat deeper buff; breast and abdomen more tinged with rufescent; bill stronger. This form requires confirmation by a larger series. Material examined. — Peru: Sarayacu (including type) 2, lower Ucayali 2, Iqui- tos 2. Ecuador: Rio Napo i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 319 *Lepidocolaptes leucogaster (Swainsori). WHITE-STRIPED WOOD- HEWER. Xiphorhynchus leucogaster SWAINSON, Philos. Magaz., (new ser.), I, p. 440, 1827 — Temascaltepec, Mexico. Picolaptes atripes EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1851, p. 76 — locality unknown. Picolaptes leucogaster LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 150, 1850 — Mexico (descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 147, 1890 — Mexico City, Par- ada, Ciudad Durango, Mexico; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 — Mexico (numerous localities); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 259, 1911 (monog.). Range : Western and central Mexico, in states of Sonora, Durango, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, Vera Cruz, Zacatecas, Mexico, Morelos, Michoacan, Jalisco, Colima, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Territory of Tepic. i: Mexico (Coyotes, Durango i). *Lepidocolaptes squamatus squamatus (Lichtenstein) . LICHTENSTEIN'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. for the years 1820-21, p. 258, 265, pi. 2, fig. i, 1822 — part, "adult", Prov. Sao Paulo; BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 14, 1856 — Novo Friburgo, Rio (spec, examined). Xyphorhynchus maculiventer LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n (2), No. 12, p. 276, Aug. ii, 1844 — "BrSsil". Picolaptes levaillantii REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scans., A, Sittinae, p. 182, pi. 531, fig. 3655, 1853 — based on "Le Grimpar flamb6" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Prome"rops, p. 73, pi. 29, fig. 2 — "rapporte'e du Br^sil par M. Lalande" =Rio de Janeiro. Picolaptes squamatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 148, 1850 — Brazil (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 147, 1890 — Brazil; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 251, 1907 — Jaboticabal, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes (spec, examined). Picolaptes wagleri (not of SPIX) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, note i, 1868 — Bahia (spec, examined). Range: Southeastern Brazil, in states of Bahia (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy), Minas Geraes (Agua Suja, near Bagagem; Mar de Hespanha; Marianna), and Rio de Janeiro (Novo Friburgo; Colonia Alpina, Serra dos Orgaos), and in northern Sao Paulo (Rio Feio, Jaboti- cabal)a. i : Brazil (Macaco Secco, near Andarahy, Bahia i). a Ten specimens from Agua Suja, Minas Geraes are somewhat variable, the back, in the majority being mainly cinnamon rufous, while in two it is olivaceous brown, 320 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Lepidocolaptes squamatus wagleri (Spix)*. WAGLER'S WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes wagleri SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 88, pi. 90, fig. 2, 1824 — Brazil, exact locality unknown (type in Munich Museum examined). Picolaptes wagleri HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, P- 633, 1906 — Riacho Fresco, Piauhy (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 251, 1907 — Piauhy; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Riacho Fresco, Piauhy. . Range : Northeastern Brazil, in State of Piauhy (Riacho Fresco) . Lepidocolaptes squamatus falcinellus (Cabanis and Heine)b. SPOTTED- HEADED WOOD-HEWER. Thripobrotus falcinellus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 38, 1859 — ^Montevideo and Buenos Ayres", errore" (types in Coll. Heine examined). Dendrocolaptes squamatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. for the years 1820-21, p. 258, 265, 1822 — part, juv., Prov. Sao Paulo. Picolaptes falcinellus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Mattodentro, Ypan- ema, Itarar6, Prov. Sao Paulo; Curytiba, Prov. Parana (spec, examined); just a little more rufescent than in L. s. falcinellus. The upper part of the head is olivaceous brown, each feather with a small buff shaft spot, frequently edged with dusky at the tip, but the hindneck never shows the slightest trace of pale markings. Two birds from the interior of the state of Sao Paulo (Jaboticabal, Rio Feio) , four from the Serra dos Orgaos, and one from Bahia agree with the average from Minas Geraes. Material. — Sap Paulo, Jaboticabal i, Rio Feio i; Colonia Alpina, Serra dos Orgaos, Rio 4; Minas Geraes, Agua Suja 10 (Munich Museum), Mar de Hespanha i (Frankfort Museum); Bahia i, Macaco Secco i. s Lepidocolaptes squamatus wagleri (Spix) : Similar to L. s. squamatus, but much smaller; pileum without buff spots, only the frontal feathers with indistinct pale shaft lines; back, wings, and tail brighter cinnamon rufous ; breast and abdomen much more brownish, with the dark edges to the white longitudinal stripes narrower and less blackish; under wing-coverts deeper ochraceous. Wing (unsexed type) 89, (female) 90; tail 80; bill 26.5-28. Material. — The type i; Riacho Fresco, Piauhy i ( 9 ad.). L. s. squamatus measures as follows: Wing (nine males) 97-104, (five females) 96.5-100; tail (male) 85-91, (female) 83-92; bill 25.5-29. b Lepidocolaptes squamatus falcinellus (CABANIS and HEINE) : Similar to L. s. squamatus, but pileum dull black, the shaft stripes much larger, deeper buff, and carried down over the nape; back olivaceous brown; rump and tail much darker, chestnut rufous rather than cinnamon rufous ; whitish superciliary stripe more pro- nounced ; sides of neck with deep buff, black edged markings ; under parts olivaceous rather than grayish, with the mesial stripes buff instead of whitish. Wing 92-100; tail 77-87; bill 27-30. Material examined. — Sao Paulo: Victoria 2, Ypanema 3, Itarar£ 3. Parand: Curytiba 5, Roca Nova, Serra do Mar 3. This well marked race represents typical squamatus in the southernmost prov- inces of Brazil. In the state of Sao Paulo, it is found only in the wooded southern districts, while in the more arid northern section, on the Rio Paranapanema and its tributaries the typical race takes its place. 0 Localities no doubt erroneous as in the case of Rhopochares argentinus. See Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Zool. Ser., 13, Part 3, p. 107, footnote a. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 321 BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — Curytiba; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 231, 1899 — Ypiranga; idem, Annu- ario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — Mundo Novo; idem, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 251, 1907 — Ypiranga, Itarare', Campo de JordSo, Sao Paulo; Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul; Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay; BERTONI, Rev. Inst. Parag., 1907, p. — [Sep. p. 6] — Misiones; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 306, 1910 — Tobay, Misiones; BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 53, 1914 — Alto Parana; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 266, 1919 — Tobay, Santa Ana, Misiones. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from southern Sao Paulo (Campo do Jordao, Ypiranga, Mattodentro, Ypanema, Victoria, Itarare) to Rio Grande do Sul and adjacent portions of Argentina (Misiones) and Para- guay (Alto Parana). Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi (Cabanis and Heine)*. LAFRES- NAYE'S WOOD-HEWER. Thripobrotus lafresnayi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 38, 1859 — Caracas. Picolaptes lafresnayi SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 627 — Caracas. Picolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 112, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo. Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — part, spec, p-r, Caracas, Venezuela. Range: North coast mountains of Venezuela, in State of Cara- bobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Dept. Federal Occidental (Cerro del Avila, Silla de Caracas). Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae (Chapman)*. SANTA MARTA WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 31, p. 150, 1912 — Valparaiso, Santa Marta Mts., Colombia. Thripobrotus lacrymiger sanctae-martae TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 276, 1922 — Las Nubes, Cincinnati, Las Taguas, Las Vegas, San a Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lafresnayi (CABANIS and HEINE) : Similar to L. I. lac- rymiger, but somewhat smaller; under parts considerably lighter, and much more olivaceous; back paler olive brown, without any rufescent cast. Wing (male) 98- 105, (female) 95-100; tail 85-93; bill 24-28. Material. — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 4, Silla de Caracas 3, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 20. b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger sanctae-martae (CHAPMAN) : Very similar to L. I. lac- rymiger, but smaller; under parts slightly paler, the light streaks not enclosed at the tip by their black lateral border; throat more whitish (less buff), with hardly any dusky edges. Wing 97-104; tail 86-96; bill 26-27. Three specimens examined. In small size and whitish throat L. 1. sanctae-martae resembles L. I. lafresnayi, but is much less olivaceous throughout, with the light streaks below lacking the black border at the tip. 322 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Lorenzo, Pueblo Viejo, Cerro de Caracas, Chirua, Heights of Chirua, Santa Marta Mts. Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1880, p. 271 — San Sebastian; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — part, spec, a, San Sebastian; BANGS, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, p. 100, 1899 — La Con- cepcion; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 156, 1900 — Valparaiso, El Libano, Las Nubes, San Lorenzo. Range: Santa Marta Mountains in northern Colombia. *Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger (DesMurs). WHITE-SPOTTED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes lacrymiger DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 71, 1849 — "Mexique", errore (the type examined in Paris Museum is from Santa F£ de Bogota). Picolaptes lacrymiger LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 154, 1850 — Bogota (descr.); SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1870, p. 781 — MeYida; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 524 — Medellin, Santa Elena, Envigado, Frontino; WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — between Ocana and Bucaramanga; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 148, 1890 — part, spec, b-m, Frontino, Santa Elena, Bogota, Colombia; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 (note on type). Picolaptes lacrymiger lacrymiger CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 — Paramillo Trail, Las Lomitas, San Antonio, Cerro Munchique, Popa- yan, La Sierra, Almaguer, Miraflores, Salento, Laguneta, Santa Elena, Rio Toch^, La Palma, La Candela, Andalucia, Aguadita, El Roble, Colombia. Range: Subtropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta Mts. and southwestern portion) and western Venezuela (Andes of M£rida)a. 17: Colombia " (Bogota" 8, Antioquia i, San Antonio i. Laguneta i, Paramo de Tama i); Venezuela (Culata 3, Nevados i, Escorial i). Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis (Menegaux)b. ECUADORIAN WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes warsze-wiczi aequatorialis MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 2, No. 43, p. 389, 1912 — Banos, Ecuador (type examined); LONNBERG and RENDAHL, Arkiv Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 70, 1922 — Gualea, below Nono, Niebli. a Specimens from MeYida are frequently less rufescent below, but the divergency appears to me not constant enough for their formal separation. b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger aequatorialis (MENEGAUX) : Extremely similar to L. I. warscewiczi, but more rufous brown throughout. Pale shaft streaks underneath not margined with black terminally and upper mandible horn brown, exactly as in warscewiczi. Wing 100-108; tail 88-98; bill 27.5-30. Birds from western Ecuador are slightly deeper colored, with the throat more buffy yellowish. Material. — Ecuador: Banos (including the type) 2, Baeza 3, Cayandeled 2, Santo Domingo i, Nanegal 2, Gualea 3. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 323 Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1859, p. 140 — Pallatanga; idem, I.e., 1860, p. 88 — Nanegal; TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — San Rafael, near Banos. Picolaptes lacrymiger warszewiezi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1884, p. 301 — Cayandeled (spec, examined). Picolaptes warcewiezi SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec, c, d, Sical, Nanegal, Ecuador. Picolaptes warceviezi GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Gualea, Lntac, Santo Domingo, Baeza (spec, examined). Picolaptes warscewiczi CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 — Ricuarte, Narifio, s.w. Colombia. Thripobrotus warscewiczi aequatorialis CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 262, 1919 — Alamor, Prov. Tumbez, Peru; Zaruma, Prov. El Oro; Gualea, Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador; Ricuarte, Narifto, Colombia. Range: Subtropical Zone of southwestern Colombia (Ricuarte, Narifio), Ecuador (both slopes), and northwestern Peru (Alamor, Prov. Tumbez). *Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (Cabanis and Heine)*. PERU- VIAN WOOD-HEWER. Thripobrotus warscewiczi CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 39, 1859 — Perub. Picolaptes peruvianus TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 28 — Tamiapampa, near Chachapoyas, Peru. Picolaptes lacrymiger (not of DESMURS) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1874, p. 529 — Ropaybamba, Dept. Junin; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 232 — Tambillo; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 201 — Cutervo. Picolaptes warscewiczi TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Per., 2, p. 173, 1884 — Ropaybamba, Tambillo, Tamiapampa, Cutervo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, Peru; MENEGAUX, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., i, No. 20, p. 322, 1910 — Cumpang, Dept. Libertad; BANGS and NOBLE, Auk, 35, p. 453, 1918 — Taba- conas, Dept. Cajamarca. Picolaptes lacrymiger warscewiezi BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 378 — Maraynioc, Dept. Junin. a Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (CABANIS and HEINE) : Immediately- recognizable from L. I. lacrymiger by having the buffy white shaft streaks beneath laterally, but not terminally, margined with black. Differs from L. I. aequatorialis by lighter, less rufescent coloration of upper and under parts, and less buffy throat. Wing 105-112, (female) 97-107; tail 90-100; bill 27-30. Material. — Peru: Molinopampa 3, Chachapoyas 6, Levanto i, Leimabamba 3, Maraynioc i. b The type in the Heine Collection which I have carefully examined is in very poor condition. The coloration having turned "foxy" through age, it is practically useless for comparative purpose. In size, especially length of wing (112 mm.) it agrees, however, with examples from Molinopampa. 324 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Range: Northern and central Peru, from depts. Libertad, Caja- marca, and Amazonas south to Junin*. 3 : Peru (Molinopampa 3) . Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae Hellmayrb. INTERMEDIATE WOOD- HEWER. Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 81, 1920 — Chuhuasi, near Ollachea, Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno, Peru. Picolaptes lacrymiger warscewiczi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, Ornis, 13, p. 92, 1906 — Idma, above Santa Ana, Dept. Cuzco. Thripobrotus warszewiczi warszewiczi CHAPMAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 86, 1921 — San Miguel Bridge, Urubamba Valley. Range: Southeastern Peru, in depts. Cuzco (Urubamba Valley) and Puno (Sierra of Carabaya). Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger bolivianus (Chapman)*. BOLIVIAN WOOD- HEWER. Thripobrotus warscewiczi bolivianus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 262, 1919 — Incachaca, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Picolaptes warscewiczi (not of CABANIS and HEINE) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 93, 1889 — Yungas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Bolivia. Range: Andes of Bolivia (western and eastern Yungas). *Lepidocolaptes af finis af finis (Lafresnaye) . ALLIED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 2, p. 100, 1839 — Mexico. Picolaptes affinis LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 275, 1850 — Mexico (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec, a-h, Jalapa, Mexico; Santa Barbara, Volcan de Fuego, Volcan de Agua, Guate- mala; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 — B A single bird from Maraynioc approaches carabayae in the olive brown tone of the under parts, but has the brown bill of warscewiczi. b Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger carabayae HELLMAYR: In coloration closely similar to L. I. warscewiczi, but bill shorter and more convex, with maxilla dull whitish (except at extreme base). Wing 101-108; tail 91-95; bill 25-27. Material. — Chuhuasi 4, Idma i. 0 Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger bolivianus (CHAPMAN) : Agreeing with L. I. carabayae in whitish bill, but throat more buffy, under parts much more olivaceous, and back slightly less rufescent. Wing 100-1 1 1 ; tail 88-97 '. bill 26-30. Material. — Bolivia: Cocapata 6, Chaco 2, Sandillani i, San Cristobal 4, Quebrada onda 2. While identical in pattern with L. I. sanctae-marlae, this form is much more olivaceous throughout, and has the throat more buffy. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 325 part, Mexico and Guatemala; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 10, p. 32, 1898 — Jalapa; DEARBORN, Field Mus. N. H. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 — Tecpam, Guatemala. Picolaptes parvirostris SCLATER*, P. Z. S. Lond., 1889, p. 33 — Brazil, errore (type in British Museum examined; =juv.); idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 150 1890 — Brazil (?). Picolaptes affinis affinis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 261, 1911 (monogr., syn.; Mexico and Guatemala). Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Puebla, Mexico, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas) and Guatemala. 4: Guatemala (Sierra Santa Elena 3, Tecpam i). Lepidocolaptes affinis lignicida (Bangs and Penard)b. TAMAULIPAS WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes affinis lignicida BANGS and PENARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 63, p. 26, 1919 — Galindo, Tamaulipas. Picolaptes affinis affinis (not of LAFRESNAYE) PHILLIPS, Auk, 28, p. 78, 1911 — Galindo, Realito. Range: Arid tropical hills in the region north and west of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, eastern Mexico. *Lepidocolaptes affinis neglectus (Ridgway). SOUTHERN ALLIED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes affinis neglectus RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 73, 1909 — Coliblanco, eastern Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 655, 1910 — Caribbean highlands of Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 263, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog., synon.). Picolaptes affinis (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 149, 1890 — part, spec, i-o, Costa Rica, Chiriqui; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 185, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Chiriqui; FERRY, Field Mus. N. H., Orn. Ser., I, p. 271, 1910 — Guayabo, Coliblanco, Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica. Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui) . a The type, a specimen in juvenile plumage, with short blackish brown bill, agrees with two others from Guatemala (Chancol) and Guerrero (Omilteme), but is slightly smaller. The locality is no doubt erroneous. The type is evidently a Guatemalan trade skin. b Lepidocolaptes affinis lignicida (BANGS and PENARD): "Similar to L. a. affinis, but very much paler and grayer throughout; back more olivaceous, less reddish brown ; head much grayer, less brownish ; under parts paler, grayer and wholly lack- ing the rich brown (raw umber) coloring of the under parts in L. a. affinis." BANGS and PENARD (I.e.). 326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 26: Costa Rica (Coliblanco 9, Rancho Redondo i, Irazu i, Volcan de Turrialba 5, unspecified i); Panama (Boquete 7, Chiriqui 2). "Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus fuscicapillus (Pelzeln)*. DUSKY-CAPPED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes fuscicapillus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 63, 1868 — Engenho do Capitao Gama, Rio Guapor6, Matto Grosso (types in Vienna Museum exam- ined); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.r 15, p. 154, 1890 — Engenho do Gama (Brazil), Sarayacu (Ecuador); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 378 — Borgona, Chanchamayo, Peru; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., II, No. i, p. 161, 1912 — Chaquimayo, Carabaya, Peru. Picolaptes oUectus ALLENb, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 94 (footnote), 1889 — no locality given (type in Museum Comp. Zool., Cambridge examined). Thripobrotus fuscicapillus CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919 — Todos Santos, Rio Chapar6, Prov. Cochabamba, Bolivia; Astillero (Rio Tam- bopata), Rio Cosireni (Urubamba), Peru; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 86, 1921 — Rio Cosireni, Peru. Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus HELLMAYR, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10, p. 80, 1919 — Chaquimayo, Peru. Range : Upper Amazonia, from eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu) through Peru (Borgona, Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo, Dept. Junin; Rio Cosir- eni, lower Urubamba, Dept. Cuzco; Astillero, Rio Tambopata, Cha- quimayo, Dept. Puno) to eastern Bolivia (Todos Santos, Rio Chapare, Dept. Cochabamba; Rio Yapacani and Buenavista, Dept. Santa Cruz) and western Matto Grosso (Engenho do Gama, Rio Guapore") . i: Peru (Rio Colorado, Chanchamayo i). *Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus madeirae (Chapman)0. MADEIRA WOOD- HEWER. B Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus fuscicapillus (PELZELN) is characterized, among the plain capped forms, by cinnamon brown back; deep buff throat, and decidedly ful- vous brown ground color of under parts, with deep buff longitudinal stripes. In the postocular region, there are generally a few hair like buff shaft lines. Wing (male) 97-101, (female) 90-96; tail (male) 82-93, (female) 79-85; bill 27-30 The (four) typical specimens from Engenho do Gama are somewhat duller brown, less fulvous underneath, thus pointing to L. f. madeirae. Material examined. — Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso 4; Buenavista i, Rio Yapacani i, Todos Santos, Bolivia i; Chanchamayo i, Chaquimayo, Peru 2; east- ern Ecuador 2. b The type, although slightly faded, is unquestionably referable to the present form. In size (wing 90; bill 27) it agrees with females of L. f. fuscicapillus. " Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus madeirae (CHAPMAN) is intermediate between L. f. fuscicapillus and L. f. layardi, differing from the former by creamy white (instead of deep buff) throat and much less fulvous (dull buffy brown) under parts, with the 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 327 Thripobrotus layardi madeirae CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919 — Porto Velho, Rio Madeira (type); Barao Melgago, Rio Machados (type examined). Picolaptes layardi (not of SCLATER) CHAPMAN and RIKER, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — part, Boim, Rio Tapaj6z (spec, examined). Range: Northern Brazil, south of the Amazon, from the Tapajoz (Santarem, Boim, Villa Braga, Miritituba) to the Madeira (Porto Velho ; Barao Melgago, Rio Machados) and Purus (Arina). i : Brazil (Porto Velho, Rio Madeira i). *Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus layardi (Sdater}&. LA YARD'S WOOD- HEWER. Picolaptes layardi SCLATER, Ibis, (3) 3, p. 386, pi. 14, 1873 — Pard; idem, Cat. B Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — Para; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Para; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 39, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — part, Pard; Sta. Maria do Sao Miguel, Rio Guama; Cameta, R. Tocantins; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 88, 1916 — Utinga, Para. Thripobrotus layardi layardi CHAPMAN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 261, 1919 — Utinga, Pard. Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Maranhao and Para, west to the Tocantins. 2: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao 2). *Lepidocolaptes albolineatus (Lafresnaye)*. SPOTTED- CROWNED WOOD- HEWER. longitudinal stripes broader and almost whitish; from the latter by slightly more brownish under parts and by lacking the conspicuous white, black edged postocular streak. Birds from the Tapaj6z are more grayish brown below and sometimes hardly dis- tinguishable from L. f. layardi, of the Pard district. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL One female from Arifia, Rio Purus 94 8 1 30 Two males from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira 92,96 83, — 27.5,28 One female from Porto Velho, Rio Madeira 89 79 27 Two males from left bank of Tapajoz (Villa Braga) 95F97 87,90 28,29.5 One female from left bank of Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) 95 84.5 27 One female from right bank of Tapaj6z (Santarem) 88 74 26.5 a Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus layardi (SCLATER) : Closely allied to L. f. madeirae, but under parts rather more grayish brown, and with a distinct postocular stripe of buffy white, black edged feathers. Wing (five males) 90-95, (six females) 88-91; tail (male) 80-84, (female) 77-81; bill 26-29. Material examined. — Tury-assu, Maranhao 2, Pard i, Utinga 2, Peixe-Boi i, Benevides 5, Santa Maria do Sao Miguel, Rio Guamd i. b Lepidocolaptes albolineatus (LAFRESNAYE) : Easily distinguished from L. s. lin- eaticeps (LAFRESNAYE) by smaller size, particularly shorter bill, and by having only 328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes albolineatus LAFRESNAYES, Rev. Zool., 9, p. 208, 1846 — "Colombie ou Mexique", errore, we suggest Cayenne (type in Mus. Comp. Zool., Cam- bridge examined). Picolaptes albolineatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 278, 1850 — "Colombie ou Mexique" (descr.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco (spec, examined). Picolaptes puncticeps SCLATER and SALVIN, Nomencl. Av. Neotrop., p. 69, 160, 1873 — Cayenne (type in Brit. Museum examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Merume' Mts., Brit. Guiana, SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890 — Cayenne, Merume' Mts.; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M6m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — Cayenne; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., is, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — Rio Jary (S. Antonio da Cachoeira), Obidos, Rio Jamundd (Faro). Thripobrotus puncticeps CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 126, 1921 — Merum6 Mts. Range: Eastern Venezuela (Rio Yuruan); British and French Guiana; and northern Brazil, south to north bank of lower Amazon (Rio Jary, Obidos, Rio Jamunda, Manaos). i : Brazil (Manaos i). Lepidocolaptes souleyetii souleyetii (DesMurs). SOULEYET'S WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes souleyetii DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 70, 1849 — Payta, n.w. Peru (types in Paris Museum examined). Picolaptes souleyetii LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 276, 1850 — Payta (descr.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 114, 1906 — Payta, San Pedro, Peru (note on type). Picolaptes souleyeti TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 — Tumbez; SALVIN, I.e., 1883, p. 424 — Payta; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. P£r., 2, p. 174, 1884 — Tumbez, Guadalupa; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 152, 1890 — part, spec, d, e, San Pedro, Payta. Range: Northwestern Peru (in prov. of Piura and Tumbez) and southwestern Ecuador (in prov. of Loja and El Oro). the top of the head marked with minute buff spots, apically edged with black. Besides, the back is darker, much less russet brown, and the ground color of the under parts grayish brown instead of buffy or wood brown, with the light longitudinal stripes much narrower as well as more whitish. Wing (male) 82-88, (female) 78-85; tail (male) 71-78, (female) 69-76; bill 21-24. The type measures: Wing 87; tail 78; bill 24. Material examined. — French Guiana 41, Venezuela (Rio Yuruan) 2, Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco i, Obidos i, Manaos i. • Although the name albolineatus had universally been applied to another spe- cies, the type (now Mus. C. Z. Cambridge, No. 77118, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2238), proves to be referable, without any trace of doubt, to the bird known as P. puncti- ceps. Except for its bleached bill and slightly "foxy" coloration, due to fading, it corresponds exactly to the original description and the large series in the Carnegie Museum with which it was compared. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 329 *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae Chapman*. ESMERALDAS WOOD- HEWER. Lepidocolaptes souleyeti esmeraldae CHAPMAN, Aner. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 18, Aug. 1923 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Picolaptes souleyetii (not of DEsMuns) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278 — • Bababoyo; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas. Picolaptes souleyeti BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Guayaquil; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 98 — Yaguachi; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., IS» P- 152, 1890 — part, spec, a-c, Esmeraldas, Babahoyo; SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — Savanna of Guaya- quil, Vinces, Balzar; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — San Javier, Bulun, Pambilar, n.w. Ecuador. Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 — part, Barbacoas, Tumaco. Range: Tropical Zone of western Ecuador and adjacent parts of southwestern Colombia (Prov. of Narifio). i : Ecuador (Ana Maria, Prov. Guayas i). *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps ( Lajresnaye) b. STRIPED-CROWNED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes lineaticeps LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 277, 1850 — locality unknown (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. Cambridge examined)0; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 25, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama. Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 524 — Remedios, Santa Elena; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 152, 1890 — part, spec, a-f, Bogota, Santa Elena, Remedios; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 423, 1917 — part, Rio Salaqui, Puerto Valdivia, Rio Frio, Cali, Honda, Buenavista, Villavicencio, Colombia. Dendrornis tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Panama. Picolaptes compressus (not of CABANIS) SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 339, p. 7, 1899 — Punta de Sabana, Darien. a Lepidocolaptes souleyetii esmeraldae CHAPMAN: Resembling L. s. souleyetii, but throat darker; stripes of under parts deeper buff, with the blackish borders less pronounced and the lateral margins wood brown rather than grayish brown; bill slightly shorter. This is rather an unsatisfactory race. While six (out of seven) specimens from Prov. Esmeraldas (San Javier, Vacqueria, Pambilar), when compared with five from northwestern Peru, differ as stated above, nine from southwestern Ecuador (Guaya- quil, yinces, Balzar) are so variously intermediate that they might, with equal jus- tification, be referred to either of the two races. b Lepidocolaptes souleyetii lineaticeps (LAFRESNAYE) merely differs from L. s. esmer- aldae, of northwestern Ecuador, by darker horn brown maxilla, narrower buff stripes on crown and under parts, deeper rufous of rump, wings and tail, more pronounced dusky tips to primaries, and by having the feathers of the lower throat edged with dusky. It is unquestionably but its northern representative. 0 The type (Mus. C. Z. No. 77119, Lafresnaye Coll. No. 2227) agrees, in size and coloration, with average "Bogota" skins of the bird called P. albolineatus by authors. 330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Picolaptes lineaticeps lineaticeps RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 264, 1911 — eastern Panama (monog.). Range: Tropical Zone of Colombia (except Santa Marta district), Panama (Loma del Leon, Panama, Punta de Sabana), and adjacent portion of western Venezuela (San Cristobal, Prov. Tachira)8. i: Venezuela (Ortisa, San Cristobal, Tachira i). *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis (Hartert and Goodson)b. CARIB- BEAN WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes albolineatus littoralis HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 417, 1917 — Quebrada Secca, State of "Cumand" [ = Bermudez], Venezuela (type examined). Picolaptes albolineatus (not of LAFRESNAYE) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond.. 1868, p. 167 — Pilar and Carupano, Bermudez; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Roraima, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 152, 1890 — part, spec, g-k, Carupano (Venezuela), Roraima (Brit. Guiana); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 6, p. 49, 1894 — Princestown, Trinidad; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 66, 1902 — Quiribana de Caicara, Caicara, Rio Orinoco (spec, examined); HELLMAYR, I.e., 13, p. 30, 1906 — Caparo, Trini- dad; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 203, 1913 — Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 269, 1916 — Orinoco Valley, up to the mouth of the Apure River. Thripobrotus albolineatus CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 127, 1921 — Roraima, Kukenaam; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 277, 1922 — Mamatoco, Fundaci6n, Don Diego, Tucurinca, Valencia, Santa Marta district. Picolaptes lineaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE) LEOTAUD, Ois. Trinidad, p. 158, 1866 — Trinidad. Range: Trinidad; northern Venezuela (Cariaquito, Quebrada Secca, Celci Puede, Guiria, Pilar, Carupano, State of Bermudez; San Esteban, Lake Valencia, Carabobo; Maracay, Aragua; Orinoco Valley up to the mouth of the Apure River; Orope, Zulia); northern Colombia (Santa Marta district); British Guiana (Roraima); and adjoining portion of Brazil (Boa Vista, upper Rio Branco)0. 8 I cannot perceive any difference between specimens from the Cauca River (Guabinas, Rio Caqueta) and a large series of "Bogota" skins. A single adult from Tachira (San Cristobal) is also an .extreme example of the present form, agreeing par- ticularly well with the type of P. lineaticeps. Two birds from Panama (Loma del Leon) are identical in size and coloration of upper parts, but differ by their somewhat paler, less rufescent lower surface, thereby approaching L. s. littoralis. b Lepidocolaptes souleyetii littoralis (HARTERT and GOODSON) : Very close to L. s. lineaticeps, but decidedly smaller; back and wing-coverts paler, less rufous brown, and general tone of under parts lighter, buffy or wood brown rather than rufescent brown. Thirty specimens examined. 0 Although the darkest examples of this form cannot be distinguished from the lightest extreme of lineaticeps, the majority from the Caribbean coast are decidedly paler and smaller, so that littoralis may well be maintained. Birds from Carabobo 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 331 5: Venezuela (Orope, Zulia i, Lake Valencia 2, Maracay, Aragua i); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco i). *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii compressus (Cahanis}. THIN-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Thripobrotus compressus CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 9, p. 243, 1861 — Costa Rica. Picolaptes lineaticeps (not of LAFRESNAYE) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 107, 1868 — Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; SALVADORI, Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, 4, p. 179, 1868 — Costa Rica. Picolaptes compressus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 107, 1868 — Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 153, 1890 — part, sp. u-p, Bebedero (Costa Rica), Bugaba, Mina de Chorcha (Chiriqui); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 186, 1891 — part, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 533, 1891 — Costa Rica (crit.); RICHMOND, I.e., 16, p. 498, 1893 — San Carlos, Nicaragua; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Boquete, Chiriqui; FERRY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 271, 1910 — Guayabo, Puerto Limon, Costa Rica. Picolaptes compressus compressus BANGS, Auk, 24, p. 299, 1909 — Boruca, Paso Real, Pozo del Rio Grande, Barranca, Barranca del Puntarenas, Costa Rica; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 656, 1910 — lowlands of Costa Rica (habits). Picolaptes lineaticeps compressus RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 265, 1911 — western Panama to Nicaragua (monog.). and the Caracas region are identical with those from Bermudez and Trinidad, and two specimens from Aracataca (Santa Marta district) do not differ either. Ten skins from the middle stretches of the Orinoco (Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara) appear to me referable to littoralis, and not to lineaticeps as intimated by Hartert and Good- son. A single female from the upper Rio Branco (Boa Vista) has much narrower stripes on the crown than any other specimen seen. This divergency should be confirmed by a series. MEASUREMENTS MALES WING TAIL BILL Four from Trinidad 89,90,91,91 79.79,79,82 — ,27,27,27.5 Three from Bermudez 92,95i95 78,81,82 — ,29,29 One from Lake Valencia 92 81 27.5 One from Orope, Zulia 89 74 24 Seven from the Orinoco 90,92,93, 93, 76,77,81,81, 26,26.5,27, 93,94,96 81,82,85 27.5,27.5, 28,29 FEMALES Four from Trinidad 82,85,85,86 72,72,73,73 25,26,26,26 One from Bermudez 87 73 26 One from San Esteban 82.5 78 26 One from Lake Valencia 86 77 27 One from Maracay, Aragua 86 76 27 Two from the Orinoco 84,89 72,78 25.5,28 Two from Aracataca (Sta Marta) 79,82 70,74 26,26 One from the Rio Branco 87 79 26 332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Picolaptes gracilis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., n, p. 542, 1889 — Monte Redondo, Costa Rica (=juv.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 154, 1890 — Monte Redondo; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 187, 1891 — Monte Redondo. Range: From western Panama (Bugaba, Boquete, David, Divala, Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui) through Costa Rica to Nicaragua. 15: Costa Rica (Port Limon i, Limon 2, Orosi i, Guayabo 3); Nicaragua (San Emilis, Lake Nicaragua i, San Geronimo, Chinandega 7)- *Lepidocolaptes souleyetii insignis (Nelson). NORTHERN THIN-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes compressus insignis NELSON, Auk, 14, p. 54, 1897 — Otatitlan, Vera Cruz, Mexico. Picolaptes compressus (not of CABANIS) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 153, 1890 — part, spec, a-m, Mexico, Belize (Brit. Honduras), Poctum, Chisec, Rio de la Pasion, Retalhuleu, Volcan de Agua, Volcan de Fuego, [El] Baul (Guatemala), Puerto Cabello (Honduras); SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.- Americ., Aves, 2, p. 1 86, 1891 — part, Mexico, British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras; BANGS, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 151, 1903 — Ceiba, Yaruca, Honduras; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 — Mazatenango, San Jos6, Patulul, Guatemala. Picolaptes saturatior UNDERWOOD, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 7, p. 59, 1898 — Gualan, Guatemala (=juv.)a. Picolaptes lineaticeps insignis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 266, 1911 — Honduras to Mexico (monog.). Range: Southern Mexico (in states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Vera Cruz) and through Guatemala, Salvador, and Brit- ish Honduras south to Honduras. 8: Mexico (unspecified 3); Guatemala (Mazatenango i, San Jose", Esquintla i, Patulul, Solola 3). *Lepidocolaptes fuscus fuscus ( Vieillot). SLENDER-BILLED WOOD- HEWER. Dendr ocopus fuscus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 26, p. 117, !8i8 — "Bre'sil" (the type examined in the Paris Museum was obtained by Delalande, Jr., near Rio de Janeiro). (?) Picolaptes guttata LESSON, Cent. Zool., p. 93, pi. 32, 1831 — "Mexique". • Guatemalan specimens are perfectly identical with others from Mexico. The type of P. saturatior was obviously a young bird, as indicated by its short, blackish bill. No specimens from south of Guatemala examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 333 Picolaptes Koeniswaldianus (sic) BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 73, Jan. 1901 — Djaguarasapa, Alto Parand, Paraguay. Picolaptes tenuirostris apothetus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 14, p. 188, Dec. 1901 — Sapucay, Paraguay (type examined); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 131, 1902 — Sapucay. Picolaptes fuscus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 278, 1850 (crit.) ; MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — part, spec, a, b, Rio de Janeiro (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 252, 1907 — Ypiranga, Alto da Serra, Rio Mogy Guassii, Sao Sebastiao, Villa Bella, Iguap£, Ubatuba, Avanhandava, Bauru, Rio Peio, Itapura, Prov. Sao Paulo; Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro; Espirito Santo. Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 14, 1856 — Novo Friburgo; EULER, Journ. Orn., 15, p. 399, 1867 — Cantagallo (nest and egg descr.). Picolaptes tenuirostris PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro, Re- gisto do Sai, Sapitiba, Prov. Rio; Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890 — part, spec, c-e, Sao Paulo, Rio; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 232, 1899 — Ypiranga, Iguap£, Prov. Sao Paulo; idem, l.c., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; EULER, I.e., 4, p. 64, 1900 (egg. descr.); MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1905 — Caminho de Couto, Itatiaya. Thripobrotus tenuirostris CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo. Picolaptes fuscus apothetus CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 533 — Sapucay, Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 23, p. 319, 1912 — Mburerd, Para- guay. Picolaptes fuscus fuscus HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Piray, Misiones; HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 145, 1915 — Braco do Sul and Engenheiro Reeve, Espirito Santo (crit.). Picolaptes fuscus koeniswaldianus BERTONI, Faun. Parag., p. 358, 1914 — Para- guay; DABBENE, El Hornero, i, p. 265, 1919 — Puerto Segundo, Misiones. Range: Southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and Minas Ger- aes (Rio Jordao) south to Parana (Serra do Mar), and adjacent dis- tricts of Argentina (Misior°s) and Paraguay (Sapucay, Mburero, Alto Parana)". 4: Brazil, Prov. Sao Paulo (Victoria i, Sao Sebastiao 2, Fazen- da Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema i). *Lepidocolaptes fuscus tenuirostris (Lichtenstein}b. NORTHERN SLEN- DER-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. a A specimen from Sapucay, Paraguay (type of P. t. apothetus) proves to be iden- tical with a series from Sao Paulo. When describing it, H. C. Oberholser had only Bahia skins ( = tenuirostris) for comparison. b Lepidocolaptes fuscus tenuirostris (LICHTENSTEIN) : Similar to L. f. fuscus, but wings and bill decidedly longer, and dusky brown edges to buff spots on lower parts 334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocolaptes tenuirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 202, 1820; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21, p. 265, 1822 — Rio Sao Francisco, Prov. Bahia. Picolaptes fuscus atlanticus CORY, Field Mus. N. H., Orn. Ser., I, p. 341, 1916 — Serra Baturite", Ceara. Picolaptes tenuirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 151, 1850 — Brazil (descr.) ; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 151, 1890 — part, spec, a, b, Bahia. Picolaptes fuscus (not of VIEILLOT) MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 113, 1906 — part, spec, c, d, Bahia. Picolaptes fuscus tenuirostris LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhe"os — Belmonte, Bahia. Range: Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Ceara. i: Brazil (Serra Baturite, Ceara i). Lepidocolaptes angustirostris praedatus (Cherrie}*. CHERRIE'S NAR- ROW-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes angustirostris praedatus CHERRIE, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, p. 187, 1916 — Conception del Uruguay, Entrerios (type examined). Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1869, p. 161 — near Buenos Aires; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201, less pronounced. The other differences supposed to exist between the two races prove to be inconstant. The type of P. f. atlanticus is perfectly similar to Bahia skins. The late C. B. Cory compared it with specimens from SSo Paulo, erroneously supposed to repre- sent tenuirostris. MEASUREMENTS L. fuscus fuscus WING TAIL BILL Two adults from Rio de Janeiro 78,8 1 ?ii74 24,25 One male from Rio Jordao, Minas Geraes 80 75 23 Two males from Esiprito Santo 81,83 75,77 23,24 Four males from Sao Paulo 76,76,78,78 70,71,74,75 23,24,24,25 Four females from Sao Paulo 74,76,76,78 66,68, — ,73 23.5,24,24, — One male from Serra do Mar, Parana 81 76 24 One male from Paraguay (Sapucay) 74 66 23 L. fuscus tenuirostris Five adults from Bahia 84,85,86,87,88 69,75,76,77, 26-27 77 One male from Ceara 87 77 26 a Lepidocolaptes angustirostris praedatus (CHERRIE) : Differs from L, a. angustir- ostris by generally larger size, much longer bill, much more heavily streaked under parts, and by having the back strongly suffused with olive brown, the duller rufous color being reduced to the median portion of the feathers. Wing 100-106, once 96; tail 80-87 ; bill 38-40. Birds from Buenos Aires are identical with those from Concepcion del Uruguay, and Corrientes. A single male from Misiones (Puerto Segundo), while typical in coloration, is smaller (wing 96; tail 81; bill 35), thereby approaching L. a. angus- tirostris. Material examined. — Concepcion del Uruguay 4, Arroio Gualeguaychu, Entre- rios i, Corrientes i, Buenos Aires 2, Misiones (Puerto Segundo) i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 335 1888 — part, Buenos Aires, Entrerios; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — part, spec, a-d, Paysandu (Uruguay), Corrientes, Buenos Aires; APUN, Ibis, 1894, p. 184 — Rio Negro, Uruguay; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — part, La Soledad (Entrerios), Barracas al Sud (Buenos Aires); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — part, Santa Elena, Entrerios; MARELLI, El Hornero, I, p. 78, 1918 — San Miguel, near Curuzu-Cuatia, Corrientes; idem, I.e., i, p. 225, 1919 — Curuzu-Cuatia; TREMOLERAS, I.e., 2, p. 20, 1920 — Uruguay. Picolaptes angustirostris angustirostris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 307, 1910 — part, Entrerios, Barracas al Sud; MARELLI, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. (Buenos Aires) for 1922-23, p. 643, 1924 — Entrerios, Barracas al Sud. Dendrocolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, p. n, 1838 — part, Corrientes (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Lepidocolaptes atripes (not of EYTON) HUDSON, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 113 — Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Auk, I, p. 21, 1884 — Concepcion del Uruguay (spec, examined). Lepidocolaptes angustirostris SERIE and SMYTH, El Hornero, 3, p. 49, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios. Range: Uruguay and northeastern Argentina, east and south of the Parana, in provinces of Entrerios, Corrientes, and Misiones, also near Buenos Aires (Barracas al Sud, and islands of the Parana). *Lepidocolaptes angustirostris angustirostris (Vieillof). NARROW- BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocopus angustirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 116, 1818 — based on Azara No. 242, Paraguay. Picolaptes angustirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 151, 1850 — Paraguay; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 433 — Cosquin, Cordoba; BER- LEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 15, 1887 — Lambare", Paraguay; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 201, 1888 — part, Cordoba; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — part, spec, e-h, Fuerte de Andalgala (Catamarca), Mendoza; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — Fortin Page, lower Pilcomayo; idem, I.e., 1901, p. 227 — Concepcion and Paraguayan Chaco; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, San Lorenzo (Jujuy), Tala (Salta); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo and Cruz Alta, Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Santa Ana and Tapia, Tucuman; BRUCH, Rev. Mus. La Plata, n, p. 255, 1904 — Oran, Salta; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — part, Mocovi (Santa Fe"), Santa Ana, Tapia (Tucuman), Valle de Lerma (Salta), Mendoza; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 534 — Sapucay, Paraguay; GRANT, I.e., 1911, p. 134 — part, Riacho Ancho (Santa F£), Colonia Mihanovitch (Terr. Formosa), Tayni, Desaguadero, Sapatero Cue" (Paraguay). Picolaptes angustirostris angustirostris DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 307, 1910 — part, Catamarca, Mendoza, Cordoba, Jujuy, Tucuman, Salta, Chaco; idem, I.e., 23, p. 318, 1912 — San Rafael, Paraguay. 336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris GIACOMELLI, El Hornero, 3, p. 73, 1923 — plains of La Rioja. Picolaptes sp. inc. WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 614 — Fuerte de Andalgala, Catamarca. Picolaptes falcinettus (not of CABAMS and HEINE) STEMPELMANTC and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1890 — Cordoba. Range: Paraguay and northern Argentina, from the right bank of the Parana in provinces of Santa Fe, Formosa, and Chaco west to Cor- doba, Mendoza, La Rioja, Tucuman, Salta, and Jujuy*. 2: Argentina (Tucuman i, Santa Barbara, near Tucuman i). Lepidocolaptes angustirostris certhiolus (Todd)b. BOLIVIAN NARROW- BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Picolaptes bivittatus certhiolus TODD, Proc. BioL Soc. Wash., 26, p. 173, 1913 — Curiche, Rio Grande, Bolivia (type examined). Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEILLOT) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — part, Bolivia- Range : Central Bolivia, plains at the eastern base of the Andes in southwestern section of Dept. of Santa Cruz (Curiche, near Cabezas, Rio Grande; Guanacos, in the Chiriguanos country). • Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hellmayri Naumburg'. HELLMAYR'S WHITE-BROWED WOOD-HEWER. • Lepidocolaptes a. angustirostris possibly requires subdivision, birds from west- ern Argentina (Tucuman, Salta) being as a rule more heavily streaked underneath than those from Paraguay. There is, however, so much individual and seasonal variation that a far larger series should be compared than has been available in the present connection. Material examined. — Paraguay: Conception i, Bernalcue, near Ascunci6n 4, Puerto Pinasco 3, Rio Negro i, Trinidad i; Rio Pilcomayo, Fortin d'Orbigny i, Villa Montes i; Tucuman tity i, Santa Barbara i, Tapia 2; Salta, Rio Bermejo 3, Miraflores, Oran 5 ; Cosquin, Cordoba i ; Mendoza i. b Lepidocolaptes angustirostris certhiolus (TODD) : Identical with L. a. angustiros- tris, from Paraguay, in dimensions and coloration of under parts, but cinnamon ru- fous of back, wings and tail decidedly lighter. Wing (two adult males) 100, 101; tail 78, 85; bill 31, 32. It is very reluctantly that I admit this form as distinct. While, according to my view, quite different from L. a. bivittatus, the three specimens (in the Carnegie Mus- eum) closely resemble Paraguayan skins of angustirostris in size, relatively slight grayish brown streaking of under parts, and brownish edges to the upper back. The only constant divergency I can discover is the decidedly lighter cinnamon rufous color of the upper parts. Additional material is required to prove the constancy of this character. Specimens examined. — Bolivia: Curiche, Rio Grande i, Guanacos 2. e Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hzllmayri NAUMBURG: Similar to L. a. bivittatus, but larger, with longer, more powerful bill; back, wings, and tail generally of a deeper rufous; under parts conspicuously streaked with dusky or blackish brown, especially on the sides. Similar also to L. a. angustirostris and L. a. certhiolus, but larger, with 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 337 Lepidocolaptes angustirostris hettmayri NAUMBURG, Auk, 42, p. 421, 1925 — Chilon, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (type examined). Picolaptes angustirostris (not of VIEELLOT) SALVADORI, BolL Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — part, San Francisco, Caiza, Prov. Tarija; LONNBERG, Ibis, 1903, p. 454 — San Luis, Tarija. Range: Subtropical Zone of the Andes of Bolivia, in provinces of Cochabamba (Vinto, Parotani, Tujma, San Jose, Olgin, Trigal, Rio Mizque), Santa Cruz (Chilon, Valle Grande, Samaipata), and Tarija (Tarija). *Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bivittatus (Licktensteiri). WHITE- BROWED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocolaptes bivittatus LICHTENSTEIN», Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1820-21, p. 258, 266, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1822 — "in provincia Sao Paulo"; LAFRES- NAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av.f 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, p. n, 1838 — part, Chiqui- tos (spec, in Paris Museum examined). Picolaptes bivittatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 152, 1850 — Sao Paulo; BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 17, 1856 — Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Cimeterio [do Lambari], Irisanga (Sao Paulo), Jose1 Diaz (Goyaz), Cuyaba, Caicara (Matto Grosso) (spec, examined); REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 375 — Lagoa Santa, Paracatu, Minas Geraes; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, P- *55i 1890 — part, spec, b-j, Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil, and Bolivia; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Piedra Blanca (Chiqui- tos, Bolivia), Corumba, Chapada (Matto Grosso); SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 13, 1895 — Corumba; idem, I.C., 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum; IHERING, Cat. Faun. Braz., i, p. 253, 1907 — Rincao, Franca, Barretos, Itarare' (Sao Paulo), Porto da Faya (Matto Grosso) ; GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 135 — Riacho Paraguay, Matto Grosso. Picolaptes angustirostris bivittatus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 65, 1908 — Goyaz, Rio Araguaya, Rio Thesouras, Faz. Esperanca, Prov. Goyaz. longer bill, and upper parts much brighter chestnut rufous, without any trace of brownish suffusion. Wing (five males) 105-111, (eight females) 98-104; tail (male) 88-96, (female) 78-90; bill 35-40. This form combines the plain rufous back of the eastern group (bivittatus, coronatus), with the streaked under parts of the western races (angustirostris, certhi- olus), differs, however, from both by larger size and longer bill, in which respect it closely resembles praedatus, of the La Plata region. All specimens so far examined, are from altitudes between 5,600 and 9,000 ft. It clearly replaces its allies in the Sub- tropical Zone of the Andes of central Bolivia, while on the north slope, at Buenavista, and at their eastern base, around Cabezas and Abapo, other forms, L. a. bivittatus and L. a. certhiolus respectively, are met with. Material examined. — Bolivia, Prov. Cochabamba: Vinto 2, Parotani 2, Tujma i, Cochabamba i. Prov. Santa Cruz: Chilon 2, San Jos£ (Rio Mizque) 2, Olguin 2, Trigal i, Samaipata i, Valle Grande i. Prov. Tarija: Tarija 3. » Dendrocopus maculatus VIEILLOT (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d.t 26, p. 117, 1818; idem, Tabl. enc. meth., Ornith., livr. 91, p. 625, 1822 — "Bresfl") which PUCHERAN (Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 483, note i, 1853) identified with D. bivittatus 338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. (?) Dendrocolaptes rufus WiEDa, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1130, 1831 — inte- rior of Minas Geraes and Bahia (type lost). Range: Plains of eastern Bolivia (Buenavista; Prov. del Sara; Chiquitos) and the central Brazilian plateau, in states of Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Minas Geraes, and Goyazb. 2: Bolivia (Buenavista 2). *Lepidocolaptes angustirostris coronatus (Lesson)0. PIAUHY WOOD- HEWER. Dendrocolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SPIX, Av. Bras., i, p. 87, pi. 90, fig. i, 1824 — Piauhy (spec, in Munich Museum examined). Picolaptes coronatus LESSON, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — based on SPIX, Av. Bras., i, pi. 90 [fig. i], Piauhy. Picolaptes bivittatus ALLEN, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 80, 1876 — Santarem; SNETH- LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Monte Alegre; idem, I.e., 61, p. 527, 1913 — Monte Alegre and Maraj6; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 340, 1914 — Monte Alegre; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Barroca do Maranhao, Piauhy (spec, examined). LICHTENSTEIN, cannot possibly refer to this species, since it is stated by the describer to be one of the smallest members of the family, not exceeding in size the European Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). The type is no longer to be found in the Paris Museum. 0 Wied's description of the under parts could apply to either L. a. bivittatus or L. a. coronatus, and might even have been taken from a pale bellied example of L. a. bahiae. No material being available from the type locality (presumably the region around Cidade da Conquista in southern Bahia, near the frontier of Minas Geraes), the question cannot be decided. Unfortunately, the type has disappeared (see ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248, 1889). b Specimens from Matto Grosso and eastern Bolivia are identical with a series of topotypes from Sao Paulo, while birds from Minas and Goyaz average more buffy underneath, thus pointing to L. a. coronatus. Material examined. — Bolivia: Buenavista 5, Prov. del Sara 3, Rio Dolores, Prov. del Sara i, Palmarito, Rio San Julian, Chiquitos i, Puerto Suarez i. Brazil: Matto Grosso, Cuyabd 2, Caicara i, Descalvados i, Villa Maria i, Urucum 7, Pal- miras 2, Chapada 4, Corumbd i; Goyaz, Fazenda Esperan§a 3, Jaragua i, Leopol- dina i, Goyaz 2; Minas Geraes, Agua Suja, near Bagagem 3; Sao Paulo, Cimeterio do Lambari 4, Irisanga 2, Itarare" i. 0 Lepidocolaptes angustirostris coronatus (LESSON) : Nearly allied to L. a. bivittatus, but under parts deeper, warm buff, and under tail-coverts buckthorn brown or ochra- ceous tawny, without or with very faint whitish markings. Wing (males) 97-105; tail 79-87; bill 34-39- This form is exactly intermediate between L. a. bivittatus and L. a. bahiae. While generally decidedly more buffy beneath, some specimens, notably one from the Bar- roca do Maranhao, actually referred by Reiser to bivittatus, are practically indistin- guishable from the birds of the central provinces of Brazil. Examples from the Rio Grande and Rio Preto in northwestern Bahia form the transition to L. a. bahiae, and a male secured by Reiser at the Fazenda Estreito is quite as deeply ochraceous below as certain pale bellied trade skins from Bahia. The few specimens seen from the lower Amazon (Santarem, Maraj6) are apparently identical with the series from Maranhao and Piauhy. Material examined. — Para: Santarem 3, Maraj6 i. Maranhao: Cod6 5. Piauhy: Parnagua 2, Lake Missao i, unspecified i (the type). Bahia: Rio Grande, Faz. Estre- ito i, Faz. da Fora i, Boa Vista i, Barra i ; Rio Preto, Faz. Taboa i, Sao Marcello i . 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 339 Picolaptes bivittatus bahiae (not of HELLMAYR 1903) HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 633, 1906 — Piauhy; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — part, Barra do Rio Grande, Faz. da Fora, Faz. Estreito, Boa Vista, Rio Grande, Taboa, Rio Preto, Bahia; Parnagud and Lake Missao, Piauhy (spec, examined). Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Para (Santarem, Maraj6), Maranhao, Piauhy, and northwestern Bahia (Rio Grande, Rio Preto). 7: Brazil (Santarem i, Codo, Maranhao 5, Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia i). *Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae (Hellmayr)*. TAWNY WOOD- HEWER. Picolaptes bivittatus bahiae HELLMAYR, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien., 53, p. 219, 1903 — Bahia; REISER, Denks. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — part, Joazeiro (spec, examined). Picolaptes bivittatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 155, 1890 — part, spec, a, Bahia. Range : Eastern Brazil, in states of Bahia and Ceara, and extreme eastern Piauhy (Serra do Ibiapaba). ii : Brazil, Ceara Qua 2, Quixada 4); Piauhy (Deserto i, Ibia- paba 4). Genus CAMPYLORHAMPHUS Bertoni. Xiphorhynchus (not of SWAINSON, June 1827) SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, No. n, P- 354i Sept.-Dec. 1827 — type by orig. desig. Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEM- MINCK. Campylorhamphus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 70, 1901 — type Campylor- hamphus longirostris BERTONI = Dendrocopus falcularius VIEILLOT. Xiphornis OBERHOLSER, Smithson. Misc. Coll., 48, p. 64, 1905 — type Dendroco- laptes procurvus TEMMINCK. "Campylorhamphus falcularius ( Vieilloi). BLACK-BILLED SICKLE-BILL. Dendrocopus falcularius VIEILLOT, Tabl. enc. me'th., 2, livr. 91, p. 626, 1822 — "Bresil"; VIEILLOT and OUDART, Galerie Ois., i (2), p. 286, pi. 175, circa 1825 — Organ Mts., Prov. Rio de Janeiro (type in Paris Museum examined). Dendrocolaptes procumus TEMMINCK**, Rec. PI. col., livr. 5, pi. 28, 1820 — Brazil (part, plate only, but not the description). a Lepidocolaptes angustirostris bahiae (HELLMAYR): Similar to L. a. coronatus, but under parts even darker, deep ochraceous or clay color. Wing (male) 96-102; tail 8p-88; bill 33-38. Birds from Ceard average slightly darker beneath than those from Bahia col- lections. Material examined. — Bahia: trade skins 15, Joazeiro i ; Ceara 6; Piauhy 5. b The plate no doubt represents the black-capped species with blackish bill while Temminck's description was obviously based on an example of the red billed C. trochilirostris. The text to livr. i to 20 of Temminck's work is supposed to have 340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Campylorhamphus longirostris BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 70, 1901 — 'Alto Parand, Paraguay. Xiphorhynchus trochUirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN 1820) LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 374, 1850 — Organ Mts., Rio de Janeiro (monog.); BUR- MEISTER, Syst. tlbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 16, 1856 — Novo Friburgo. Xiphorhynchus procurvus (not of TEMMINCK) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro; Mattodentro and Ypanema, Prov. Sao Paulo (spec, exam- ined); CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 147, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 158, 1890 — Novo Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, "Bahta" (errore); BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 233, 1899 — Tiete, Ypiranga; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo, Novo Friburgo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 130, 1899 — [Taquara do] Mundo Novo; RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1905 — Morro dos Carneiros, Itatiava. Xiphorhynchusfalcularius CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 161, 1889 — Brazil (monog.); MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 115, 1906 — Rio de Janeiro, Porto Real, and Rio Grande do Sul (diag., crit. on type) ; IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 253, 1907 — Ypiranga, Tiete", Sao Paulo; Espirito Santo. Campylorhamphus falcularius DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 335, 1914 — Santa Ana, Misiones. Range: Wooded region of southeastern Brazil, from Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, and adjacent districts of Para- guay (Puerto Bertoni) and Argentina (Misiones)'. i: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro i). Campylorhamphus multostriatus (Snethlage)b. MANY-STRIPED SICKLE- BILL. Xiphorhynchus multostriatus SNETHLAGE, Orn. Monatsber., 15, p. 161, 1907 — Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins (type examined); idem, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 530, 1908 — Arumatheua; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 342, 1914 — Arumatheua. Campylorhamphus multostriatus SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 527, 1913 — Rio Tocantins. Range: Northern Brazil, on the left bank of the Tocantins (Aru- matheua). been issued with livr. 21 in April 1822, or even later (see STRESEMANN, Anzeiger Orn. Ges. Bay., 7, p. 55, 1922); but if SHERBORN (Ibis, 1898, p. 487) is correct in assuming that the scientific (latin) names of the birds figured in these early parts were printed on the back of the wrappers, Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEMMINCK will have to be accepted as the oldest title for D. falcularius VIEILLOT. • Twelve specimens from Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul exam- ined. b Campylorhamphus multostriatus (SNETHLAGE) : Similar to C. t. trochUirostris in shape and length of bill, as well as in proportions; but ground color of pileum black instead of wood brown; back much darker rufous brown, the buff streaks much 1925- BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 341 Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lafresnayanus (D'Orbigny)*. LAFRES- NAYE'S RED-BILLED SICKLE-BILL. Dendrocolaptes lafresnayanus D'ORBIGNY, Voyage AmeY. merid., Ois., p. 368, pl- 53, fig- 2, 1847 — islands of the Parana, near Goya, Prov. Corrientes, and Chiquitos, Bolivia (the marked type examined in the Paris Museum is from Chiquitos, Bolivia). Xiphorhynchus rufo-dorsalis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 — Corumba, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, I.e., 5, p. 114, 1893 — Corumba; SAL- VADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Uruciim, Corumba. and Carandasinho, Matto Grosso. Dendrocolaptes procurvus (not of TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 12, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia; BRIDGES, P. Z. S. Lond., 15, p. 30, 1847— plains between the Indian town of Loretto I = Lauretto] and Trinidad, Bolivia. Xiphorhynchus lafresnayanus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 377, 1850 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (monog.); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — Cuyaba (spec, examined); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 — Bolivia (diag.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 160, 1890 — Bolivia; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 133 — Fortin Donovan, lower Pilcomayo; idem, I.e., 1901, p. 227 — larger, laterally edged with black, and extending much farther down; rump, tail, and wings much darker, chestnut rather than hazel; throat (unmarked) plain white; foreneck and breast much more broadly striped with buff; bill chestnut brown in- stead of hazel. Wing (male) 95; tail 88; bill (with chord along curvature) 62. This very distinct form approaches C. falcularius in dark coloration of bill, plain white throat, blackish, buff streaked pileum, and chestnut wings and tail, but it is much smaller, the bill especially so, and heavily streaked with buff both above and below. In its ally the back is uniform Brussels brown, while underneath the chest only shows a number of narrow, less defined, buff markings. Besides, in multostriatus the whole rump is chestnut, whereas in falcularius this color is practically restricted to the upper tail-coverts. Material examined. — One male (the type) from Arumatheua, R. Tocantins. a Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lafresnayanus (D'ORBIGNY): Nearly related to C. t. trochilirostris, but larger, with much longer bill; coloration much more rufous, the back being rich ferruginous, almost of the same color as wings and tail, and the under parts bright tawny ochraceous. Bill clear hazel as in the typical race. Birds from Matto Grosso (Cuyaba) and Paraguay (Villa Concepcion and Fort Wheeler) are identical with three from Bolivia, including the type, while specimens from the Argentine Parana (Puerto Bermejo, Ocampo) have, as a rule, somewhat longer bills. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Three males from Cuyaba (rufodorsalis) 108,110,112 95,97,105 75,76,78 Three females from Cuyabd (ruf odor salts) 103,106,107 — ,90,95 73, 73. 80 One adult (unsexed) from Chiquitos, Bolivia (type) 112 95 73 One male from Villa Concepcion, Paraguay 107 98 76 One male from Fort Wheeler, Paraguayan Chaco no 100 81 One male from Puerto Bermejo, Terr, del Chaco no 103 90 Three males from Ocampo, Prov. Santa Fe" 111,116,118 102,104,105 95,96,100 Two females from Ocampo 102,106 95, 96 84,95 Material examined. — Brazil, Matto Grosso: Cuyaba 6. Bolivia: Chiquitos 2, San Mateo i. Paraguay: Concepcion r, Fort Wheeler i. Argentina: Rio La Plata i, Puerto Bermejo i, Ocampo 5. 342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Paraguayan Chaco; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 118, 1906 — Chiquitos, Rio de La Plata (crit.); HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 219, 1909 — Ocampo, Prov. Santa F£ (spec, examined). Xiphornis lafresnayanus DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 308, 1910 — Ocampo. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 135 — Riacho Paraguay and opposite Rabicho, near Corumba, Matto Grosso. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris lajresnayanus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 333, 1910 — Chiquitos (Bolivia), Matto Grosso, Argentina (Goya, Ocampo) (crit.); LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 94, 1920 — western Matto Grosso. Range : Plains of northern and eastern Bolivia (Trinidad-Lauretto, Prov. El Beni; Rio San Mateo; Chiquitos); western Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Corumba, Urucum, Carandasinho, etc.) ; Paraguay (Villa Con- cepcion ; Fort Wheeler and Fortin Donovan, Paraguayan Chaco) ; north- ern Argentina, in Terr, del Chaco (Puerto Bermejo), and provinces of Santa Fe (Ocampo) and Corrientes (near Goya). *Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris (Lichtenstein} . RED- BILLED SICKLE-BILL. Dendrocolaptes trochilirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 207, pi. 3', 1820 — Brazil; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21, p. 263, 1822 — Prov. Bahia (type examined); WIED, Reise Bras., 2, p. 141, 1821 — Rio da Cachoeira, Bahia. Dendrocolaptes procurvus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 5, text to pi. 28, Dec. 1820 — Brazil (but not the plate). Campylorhamphus trochilirostris intermedius LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 103, col. pi., fig. i, 1920 — Ilhe"os, Bahia. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1140, 1831 — Rio da Cachoeira, near Ilhe'os, Bahia; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — part, Bahia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 154, 1889 — Brazil (monog.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, c-h, Bahia, Brazil; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me"m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 117, 1906 — Bahia (crit.); IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 254, 1907 — Bahia Xiphorhynchus procurvus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 375, 1850 (monog.). Campylorhamphus trochilirostris trochilirostris HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331 , 1910 — Bahia (monog.); RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 269, 1911 — part, Bahia (diag.). Campylorhamphus procurvus ? RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 270, 1911 — Bahia (diag.). • The plate is irrecognizable. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 343 Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia (Lamarao, Rio da Cach- oeira, Ilhe'os)8. i: Brazil (Bahia i). *Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major Ridgway*. CEARA SICKLE- BILL. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 269, 1911 — Brazil; CORY, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 341, 1916 — Jua and Serra Baturit£, Ceara (crit.). Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) REISER, Denks. math, nat- urw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 67, 1910 — Lake Missao, near Parnagua, and below Uniao, Rio Parnahyba, Piauhy (spec, examined). Range: Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceara and Piauhy. 5: Brazil, Ceara (Serra Baturite" 2, Jua, near Iguatu 2); Piauhy (Arara i). *Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis (Chapman)0. VEN- EZUELAN SICKLE-BILL. Xiphorhynchus venezuelensis CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 156, 1889 — Venezuela; PHELPS, Auk, 14, p. 365, 1897 — Cumanacoa, Bermudez, Ven- ezuela. a All of the many Bahia specimens examined appear to be referable to a single form, although there is much individual variation in the width of the buff (in worn plumage almost white) streaks on pileum, upper back, and chest. A single bird from near the type locality of C. trochilirostris intermedius LIMA is inseparable from others taken at Lamarao (near the city of Bahia). Twenty-four specimens from Bahia compared. b Campylorhamphus trochilirostris major RIDGWAY: Similar in coloration to C. t. trochilirostris, but bill much longer, and lower throat generally distinctly edged with brown. Wing 97-103; tail 85-95; bill 69-76. Birds from Piauhy agree in length of bill with those from Ceara, but have the lower throat almost unmarked, more like typical trochilirostris. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Two males from Ceara 98,103 88,90 70,74 Two females from Ceara 98,103 90,95 72,73 Two females from Lake Missao, Piauhy 97,98 85,85 69, — One female from below Uniao, Piauhy 97 90 76 Twenty-four examples of C. t. trochilirostris, from Bahia, measure as follows: Wing 93-99, loo (one), 101 (two), 102 (two); tail 82-90; bill 58-64, once 66. 0 Campylorhamphus trochilirostris venezuelensis (CHAPMAN) : Nearest to C. t. ma- jor with which it agrees in length of bill, but throat up to the chin heavily marked with brown; pileum blackish with more ochraceous streaks; back and under parts somewhat darker; rump, wings, and tail deeper rufous. Wing 90-102; tail 88-98; bill 64-76. Birds from the Orinoco Valley average paler beneath and have generally longer bills, while a series from Colombia closely agree with specimens from the Venezuelan north coast which we may regard as typically representing venezuelensis. Certain examples from Colombia, by their darker rufescent brown under parts with sugges- 344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. • Xiphorhynchus lafresnayanus (not of D'ORBIGNY) LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 292, 1862 — Lion Hill, Panama. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — part, Marabitanas and Rio Amajau, Rio Negro (spec, exam- ined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, P- 524 — Remedies, Colom- bia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, a, i-s, Lion Hill, Panama; Remedies, Bogota, Colombia; San Esteban and Caracas, Ven- ezuela; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 188, 1891 — part, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela; BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 26, 1900 — Loma del Leon, Panama; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 67, 1902 — Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco River. Campylorhamphus trochiliroslris venezuelensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331, 1910 — Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, northern Brazil (Rio Amajau) (crit.); HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 114, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela (crit.); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 424, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Villavicencio, Colombia; TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 276, 1922 — Valencia, Santa Marta district. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., a, p. 269, 1916 — Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara, R. Orinoco. Campylorhamphus venezuelensis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 271, 1911 — Venezuela, Colombia, and eastern Panama (monog.); STONE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 263, 1918 — Gatun, Panama. Range: Eastern Panama (Gatun, Lion Hill, Frijole); Colombia (Alto Bonito, Rio Sucio; Remedies; Valencia, Santa Marta district; Villavicencio, "Bogota"); Venezuela, north coast from Bermudez (Cu- manacoa) west to Carabobo (Cumbre de Valencia) and Tachira (San Cristobal), south to the Orinoco Valley (Altagracia, Caicara, Quiribana de Caicara); (?) northwestern Brazil (Rio Amajau, and Marabitanas, Rio Negro"). 3: Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua 2, La Ortiza, San Cristobal, Tachira i). tions of blackish lateral edges to the pectoral stripes, and irregular dusky markings on the throat, form the transition to C. t. thoracicus. Material examined. — Venezuela: Cumbre de Valencia 4, Silla de Caracas 3, Galipan, Cerro del Avila 3, Maracay, Aragua 2, San Cristobal, Tachira i ; Caicara i, Altagracia, R. Orinoco 3. Colombia: Remedios i, "Bogota" 5. a A single, unfortunately immature, female from the Rio Amajau (tributary of the^Rio Negro) most certainly represents an undescribed race. While agreeing in essential characters with venezuelensis, it is of a much brighter, more rufous colora- tion throughout. The birds recorded from the Prov. of Quixos, eastern Ecuador (Xiphorhynchus procurvus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 22, p. in, 1854), and La Mor- elia, Rio Caqueta, Colombia (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides CHAP- MAN/Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 424, 1917) are possibly referable to the same form, the status of which remains to be determined by additional material. 1925. BIRDS OP THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 345 *Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus (Sdater)&. ERASER'S RED-BILLED SICKLE-BIRD. Xiphorhynchus thoracicus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 277, 1860 — Babahoyo, w. Ecuador; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas, n.w. Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1877, p. 323 — Lechugal, Dept. Tumbez, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 181, 1884 — Lechugal; BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1885, p. 99 — Yaguachi; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 160, 1889 — Ecuador, Peru (diag.); SALVADORI and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 26, 1899 — Rio Peripa, Ecuador. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, g-h, Babahoyo, Esmeraldas, Guaya- quil, Santa Rita, Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Santo Domingo (spec, examined). Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris thoracicus HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — San Javier and Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (spec, examined). Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 332, 1910 — western Ecuador and northwestern Peru (crit.). Campylorhamphus thoracicus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 424, 1917 — Buenavista, Narino, s.w. Colombia. Range : Southwestern Colombia (Buenavista, Narino), western Ecu- ador, and Peru (Lechugal, Dept. Tumbez; Vista Alegre, Dept. Huanuco; Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin). 5: Ecuador (Pambilar, Prov. Esmeraldas i, Chimbo 2); Peru (Vista Alegre i, Puerto Bermudez i). Campylorhamphus procurvoides (Lafresnaye)b. GUIANA SICKLE-BILL. Xiphorhynchus procurvoides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 376, 1850 — Cayenne (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined) ; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 158, 1889 — Cayenne (crit. on type); BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 149, 1908 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana (spec. a Campylorhamphus trochilirostris thoracicus (SCLATER) : Nearest to C. t. ven- ezuelensis, but with the buff streaks on upper back, foreneck and breast surrounded by black. Ground color of under parts generally of a darker, more rufescent hue. Birds from central Peru average somewhat larger, but do not differ in coloration. MEASUREMENTS WING TAIL BILL Four males from Esmeraldas, Ecuador 95,99,102,102 90,92, 93,99 62,63,68,72 Two females from Esmeraldas 94,94 — .92 65,70 One male from Santo Domingo, Ecuador 97 87 60 One female from Chimbo, Ecuador 93 91 58 One male from Puerto Bermudez, Peru 101 98 62 One female from Vista Alegre, Peru 102 98 64 b Campylorhamphus procurvoides (LAFRESNAYE) appears to be specifically dis- tinct from C. trochilirostris, as evidenced by the splendid series in the Carnegie Mu- seum. Its principal characters are the dark red (walnut brown) bill and the deep raw umber coloration, with the pale markings on the head restricted to narrow lines 346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. examined); SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 341, 1914 — Rio Xingu (Vic- toria), Cussary, Rio Tapaj6z (Boim, Villa Braga), Rio Jary, Monte Alegre, Obidos, Rio Jamundd. (Faro). Xiphorhynchus subprocurvus REICHENBACH, Handb. spez. Orn., Scansoriae, p. 183, 1853 — new name for Xiphorhynchus procurvoides LAFRESNAYE. Xiphorhynchus trochilirostris (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 575 — Monte Alegre; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 44, 1868 — part, Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], and Borba, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 422 — Bartica Grove, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 159, 1890 — part, spec, t-a1, Bartica, Camacusa, Mazaruni River, Oyapoc, Cayenne, south bank of Amazon. Xiphorhynchus dorso-immaculatus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 159, 1889 — Cayenne (type now in Mus. Comp. Zool. examined). Xiphornis procurvoides (?) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Borba, Rio Madeira. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris procurvoides HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 331, 332, 1910 — French and British Guiana, northern Brazil, Borba (crit., diag.). Campylorhamphus procurvoides SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 61, p. 527, 1913 (range in Amazonia); CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 130, 1921 — British Guiana. Range: French and British Guiana; northern Brazil, on the north bank of the Amazon from the Jary west to Mandos, and also on its southerly tributaries, the Tapajoz and Rio Madeira (Borba). *Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus (Sclaler)*. BROWN-BILLED SICKLE- BILL. Xiphorhynchus pusillus SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 278, 1860 — "in Nova Grenada int." = Bogota; SCLATER and SALVIN, I.e., 1879, p. 524 — Concordia, or small elongated spots, and the back either wholly immaculate or but finely streaked with buff on upper portion. The variation exhibited in a series from French and British Guiana tends to show that X. dorso-immaculatus is merely an individual variant of procurvoides. Speci- mens from south of the Amazon are perhaps different, but I have not been able to examine a satisfactory series. Material examined. — French Guiana 9. British Guiana 5. Brazil: Obidos i, Borba 4. a Campylorhamphus pusillus pusillus (SCLATER) differs from C. trochilirostris venezuelensis (CHAPMAN), likewise found in Colombia, by shorter, pale horn brown, below brownish white bill, much deeper buff throat, more olivaceous tone of the body plumage, and by the buff markings underneath extending down to the abdo- men. Bill 54-60. This species is probably divisible into two races. Specimens from Jimenez (western Andes), in comparison to Bogota skins, are much darker olivaceous be- neath, and have much deeper chestnut wings and tail, darker even than in borealis. An adult female from Ventana, n.w. Ecuador, agrees, however, with those from Bogotd except for its slightly darker bill. CHAPMAN (I.e., p. 425) also remarks on the variation in Colombian skins from various localities, and discusses the affinities of the type of C. chapmani. Material examined. — Colombia: Bogotd 4, Concordia i, near Jimenez 3. Ecua- dor: Ventana, Prov. Esmeraldas i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 347 Antioquia; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 157, 1889 — part, Colom- bia (descr.); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 160, 1890 — part, spec, a-c, Bogota, Concordia, Colombia; Ecuador; HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 616, 1902 — Ventana, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (spec, examined). Xiphorhynchus grenadensis (ex LAFRESNAYE MS.) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 26, p. 63, 1858 — "Rio Napo" (nomen nudum). Campylorhamphus chapmani RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, p. 74, 1909 — locality unknown, probably Antioquia. Campylorhamphus pusillus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 425, 1917 — San Antonio, Cocal, Barbacoas, western Andes; Miraflores, central Andes; Fusugasugd and ".Bogotd", eastern Andes, Colombia (crit.); L6NNBERG and RENDAHL, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 71, 1922 — road to Gualea and Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Ecuador. Range: Andes of Colombia and western Ecuador (Ventana, Prov. Esmeraldas; Gualea and Santo Domingo, Prov. Pichincha). i: Colombia ("Bogota" i). *Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis Carriker*. COSTA RICAN SICKLE- BILL. Camylorhamphus pusillus borealis CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 657, 1910 — El Hogar, Costa Rica. Xiphorhynchus pusillus (not of SCLATER 1860) SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1870, p. 193 — Boquete de Chitra, Panama; BOUCARD, I.e., 1878, p. 60 — Naranjo de Cartago, Costa Rica; ZELEDON, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, i, p. 114, 1888 — Birris de Cartago and Jimenez, Costa Rica; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 157, 1889 — part, Costa Rica; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., IS, p- 1 60, 1890 — part, spec, e-k, Boquete de Chitra, Chitra, Chiriqui, Pan- ama, and Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 189, pi. 48, fig. 2, 1891 — part, Costa Rica and Panama. Xiphorhynchus grandis (CHERRIE MS.) BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 48, 1902 — Volcan de Chiriqui (nomen nudum). Campylorhamphus borealis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 272, 1911 — Costa Rica and western Panama (monog.). Range: Costa Rica and western Panama (Chitra, Boquete de Chitra, Volcan de Chiriqui, Miramar, Bogaba). i : Costa Rica (El Hogar i). Campylorhamphus pucheranii (DesMurs). PUCHERAN'S SICKLE-BILL. Xiphorhynchus pucheranii DESMURS, Iconog. ornith., livr. 12, pi. 68, 1849 — a Campylorhamphus pusillus borealis CARRIKER: Similar to C. p. pusillus, of the Bogota region, but buff streaking of under parts decidedly narrower; wings and tail deeper chestnut; maxilla darker horn color. Material examined. — Costa Rica: El Hogar i, Azahar de Cartago i, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui i, La Estrella de Cartago i. Panama: Bogaba, Chiriqui i, Miramar i, Chiriqui i. 348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Santa F6 de Bogotd. (type in Paris Museum examined) ; LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 378, 1850 — Bogotd; SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogotd; idem, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 161, 1890 — Bogota; GOOD- FELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 63 — Guanacillo, w. Ecuador; MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 119, 1906 — Bogota. Campylorhamphus pucker ani CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 426, 1917 — Cocal, Colombia. Range: Andes of Colombia ("Bogota"; Cocal, western Andes) and western Ecuador (Guanacillo) ». Genus NASICA Lesson. Nasica LESSON, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 311, Sept. 1830 — type by monotypy Nasica nasalis LESSON = Dendrocopus longirostris VIEILLOT. Nasica longirostris (Vieillot). LONG-BILLED WOOD-HEWER. Dendrocopus longirostris VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 117, 1818 — based on "Le Grimpar Nasican" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. PromeYops, p. 65, pi. 24, "Br6sil". Dendrocolaptes longirostris LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. aus den Jahren 1818-19, p. 200, 1820 (descr.); idem, I.e., aus den Jahren 1820-21, p. 263, 1822 — Prov. Pard, Brazil. Nasica nasalis LESSON, Traits d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 311, Sept. 1830 — based on LEVAILLANT, pi. 24. Nasica albicollis LESSON, Echo du Monde Savant, n, No. 49, p. 1165, 1844 — Cayenne. Nasica longirostris LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 383, 1850 (monogr.); EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 1852, p. 23 (generic characters); PELZELN, Orn. Bras., I, p. 44, 1868 — Salto do Girao and Borba (Rio Madeira), Marabitanas, Rio Negro; BARTLETT, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 373 — Elvira, Peru; TACZAN- OWSKI, Orn. P6r., 2, p. 171, 1884 — Cayenne, Elvira; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit Mus., 13, P- 156, 1890 — Cayenne, Rio Negro, Samiria (Peru), Rio Napo, Sarayacu (Ecuador); RIKER and CHAPMAN, Auk, 8, p. 27, 1891 — Santarem; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 66, 1902 — Maipures, Perico, Nericagua, Salvajito, Munduapo, Orinoco R., Venezuela; I BERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 437, 1905 — Rio Jurud; idem, Cat. F. Braz., I, p. 253, 1907 — Rio Jurud; MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 115, 1906 — Brazil (type), Pebas; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 149, 1908 — Cayenne; HELLMAYR, I.e., 14, p. 16, 1907 — Itaituba, Urucurituba, R. Tapa- j6z; idem, I.e., p. 31, 1907 — Obidos; idem, I.e., p. 367, 1907 — Humaytha, Borba, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 330, 1910 — Calama, Jamarysinho, Maroins, Rio Madeira; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 525, 1906 — Maracd, Monte Alegre, Cussary; idem, I.e., 56, p. 509, 1908 — Goyana, Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 341, 1914 — Arumatheua, R. Tocan- * Two specimens, including the type, from Bogota examined. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 349 tins; Cussary, Rio Tapaj6z; Ponto Alegre, Rio Punis; Maraca, Monte Alegre, Rio Maecuni, Rio Jamunda; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 269, 1916 — upper Orinoco. Range: Northern Brazil, east to the Tocantins, south to the upper Rio Madeira; eastern Peru; eastern Ecuador; Venezuela (upper stretches of the Orinoco) ; French Guianaa. Genus DRYMORNIS Eyton. Drymornis EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 5, p. 23, 1852 — type by subs, desig., (GRAY, 1855) Nasica bridgesii EYTON. *Drymornis bridgesii (Eyton). BRIDGES'S WOOD-HEWER. Nasica bridgesii EYTON, Contrib. Ornith., 2, p. 130, pi. 38, 1849 — "Interior of Bolivia"1" (type in British Museum examined). Dendrocolaptes (Nasica) gracilirostris BURMEISTER, Journ. Ornith., 8, p. 249, 1860 — Rio Quinto, Prov. Cordoba. Nasica gracilirostris BURMEISTER, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 466, 1861 — Rio Quinto. Dendrocolaptes bridgesii DOERING, Period. Zool. Argent., i, p. 253, 1874 — Rio Guayquiraro, Prov. Corrientes. Drymornis bridgesii HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 220, 1909 — Cos- quin, Cordoba; La Soledad, Entrerios; Tapia, Tucumdn. Drymornis bridgesi LEE, Ibis, 1873, p. 133 — Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre- rios; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Pilciao, near Andalgala, Catamarca; Monte Grande, near Buenos Aires; BARROWS, Auk, i, p. 20, 1884 — Concep- tion, Entrerios; SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Orn., i, p. 199, pi. 10, 1888 — Argentina; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 157, 1890 — Paysandu, Uru- guay; Gualeguaychu, Entrerios; Cosquin, Cordoba; Mendoza; STEMPELMANN and SCHULZ, Bol. Ac. Ci. Cordoba, 10, p. 400, 1900 — Cordoba; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 21, 1897 — Tala, Prov. Salta; LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tapia, Conception, Prov.Tucuman; idem, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tuc., 3, p. 54, 1905 — same localities; BAER, Ornis, 12, p. 223, 1904 — Tapia; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 307, 431, 1910 — range in Argentina; TREMOLERAS, El Hornero, 2, p. 20, 1920 — Canelones, Paysandii, Uruguay; SERIE and SMYTH, I.e., 3, p. 49, 1923 — Santa Elena, Entrerios; GIACOMELLI, I.e., p. 73, 1923 — La Rioja. Picolaptes Bridgosi (sic) REED, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 34, 1916 — Mendoza. Range: Uruguay; Argentina, from the provinces of Corrientes and Entrerios west to Mendoza, La Rioja, Tucuman, and Salta; once re- corded from the vicinity of Buenos Aires (Monte Grande). 2 : Argentina (Tapia, Tucuman i, El Carrizal, Sierra de Cordoba i). B I have not seen specimens from either Guiana or Ecuador. b Locality most probably erroneous. The type which agrees with Argentina ex- amples is more likely to have been obtained near Mendoza where Bridges did a good deal of collecting. 350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Genus GLYPHORYNCHUS Wied. Glyphorynchus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1149, 1831 — type by mono- typy Glyphorynchus ruficaudus = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN. Glyphorhynchus STRICKLAND, P. Z. S. Lond., 9, p. 28, 1841 (emendation). Sphenorynchus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1278, 1831 (lapsus for Glyphorynchus WIED). Sittacilla LESSON, Compl. Buff on, 9, p. 135, 1837 — type Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN. Zenophasia SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 351, 1838 — type by monotypy Zeno- phasia platyryncha SWAINSON = Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN. *Glyphorynchus spirurus spirurus ( Vieillot}. WEDGE-BILL. Neops spirurus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 31, p. 338, 1819 — based on "Le Grimpar Sittelle" LEVAILLANT, Hist. Nat. Promerops, p. 75, pi. 31, fig. i, 1807, Cayenne. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus simittimus HARTERT and GOODSON, Nov. Zool., 24, p. 419, 1917 — Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; BANGS and PEN- ARD, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 64, 1918 — Rijsdijkweg, Altonaweg, Sur- inam; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 112, 1921 — British Guiana. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 35, 1857 — Cayenne; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1867 — part, Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Rio Vaupe, Marabitanas, Barcellos (spec, ex- amined); SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica, Camacusa, Roraima; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 13, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, x-g1, Roraima, Camacusa, Bartica Grove, Oyapoc, Cayenne; GOELDI, Ibis, 1897, p. 161 — Amapa; BER- LEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 63, 1902 — Munduapo, Nericagua, Capuano, Maipures, R. Orinoco; La Pricion, Nicare, Caura, Venezuela; MENEGAUX, Bull. Mus. Paris, 10, p. 178, 1904 — Saint Georges d'Oyapock, Mahury, Rio Lunier, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — part, Amapa; BERLEPSCH, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 147, 1908 — Cayenne, Roche-Marie, Ipousin, Rio Approuague, French Guiana; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part, Amapa, Faro (Rio Jamunda). Glyphorhynchus cuneatus cuneatus (errore) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31, 1907 — Obidos; CHERRIE, Mus. Brookl. Inst., Sci. Bull., 2, p. 265, 1916 — localities on upper Orinoco and Caura (ex BERLEPSCH and HARTERT) ; BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, i, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica, Brit. Guiana. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi (not of DESMURS) CHERRIE, I.e., p. 266, 1916 — foot of Mt. Duida, Venezuela. Range: French, Dutch, and British Guiana; southern Venezuela (on the Orinoco and its southerly tributary, the Caura); northern Brazil, north of the Amazon, from Amapa west to the Rio Negro (Manaos, Barcellos, Marabitanas, Rio Vaup6)B. * Birds from Manaos, Obidos and Rio Branco are practically identical with those from Guiana and the Caura Valley. Two examples from Marabitanas, upper Rio 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 351 4: Dutch Guiana (Surinam 2); Brazil (Manaos r, Conceigao, Rio Branco i). *Glyphorynchus spirurus castelnaudii DesMurs*. CASTELNAU'S WEDGE- BILL. Glyphorhynchus castelnaudii DssMuRS in Castelnau, ExpeU Am<§r. Sud, Zool., i, livr. 18, Ois., p. 47, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1856 — Santa Maria, lower Huallaga, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined); SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 750 — Chyavetas, Peru; SALVADOR! and FESTA, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 14, No. 362, p. 25, 1899 — Gualaquiza, Rio Santiago, Rio Zamora, Ecuador. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 23, p. 142, 1855 — Bogota; idem, I.e., 26, p. 63, 1858 — Rio Napo; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — part, Borba; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chyavetas, Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, p-w, Sarayacu, Rio Napo, Ecuador; Bogotd; Iquitos, Chamicuros, Samiria, Peru; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 6, p. 436, 1905 — Rio Jurud; idem, Cat. P. Braz., i, p. 245, 1907 — Rio Jurua; SNETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 507, 1908 — Ilha do Coata, Rio Tapaj6z; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part, Villa Nova, Coata, Rio Tapaj6z. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudii TACZANOWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 167, 1884 — Chamicuros, Chyavetas, Yurimaguas (crit.); idem and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Mapoto, Ecuador (spec, examined); BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 303, 1889 — Shanusi, near Yurimaguas (spec, examined); MENE- GAUX and HELLMAYR, M£m. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 98, 1906 — Santa Maria, Peru; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 59, 1907 — Teff6; idem, I.e., 17, p. 324, 1910 — Calama, Maroins, Rio Madeira; CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 417, 1917 — Florencia, La Morelia, Caquetd, Colombia. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaui BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1896, p. 376 — La Gloria, Junin. Range: Upper Amazonia, from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Colombia ("Bogotd"; Caqueta region) through eastern Ecuador to Negro, have the small bill of spirurus, but are somewhat more rufescent brown be- neath, thus approaching castelnaudii. Some of the skins from the upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua) are also barely distinguishable from the latter. Material examined. — French Guiana 40, Surinam 2, British Guiana 4, Caura River 4, Upper Orinoco (Munduapo, Nericagua, Capuano) 6, Manaos 4, Obidos 4, Rio Branco i, Marabi tanas 2. 8 Glyphorhynchus spirurus castelnaudii DEsMuRS is rather an unsatisfactory race. Upper Amazonian specimens chiefly differ by their slightly darker, more olivaceous under parts and somewhat shorter, stouter bill. There is, however, much individual variation, and a good many examples are hardly distinguishable from typical spirurus. The other characters alluded to by Hartert and Goodson do not hold good. Material examined. — Bogotd 3, Rio Napo 2, Mapoto i, Sarayacu, Ecuador i, Iquitos 2, Yurimaguas i, Puerto Bermudez 4, Chanchamayo, Peru i, Rio Purus 15, Maroins, Rio Machados i, Villa Braga, R. Tapajoz 6, Rio Roosevelt i, Morinho Lyra i, Barao Melgaoo, Matto Grosso i. 352 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Peru, as far south as Dept. Junin (La Gloria, Chanchamayo, Puerto Bermudez), and through western Brazil east to the left bank of the Tapajoz, south to northern Matto Grosso (Rio Roosevelt, Barao Mel- gago, Morinho Lyra)*. 5: Peru (Chanchamayo i, Puerto Bermudez, Rio Pichis 4). *Glyphorynchus spirurus cuneatus (Lichtenstein)b. EAST BRAZILIAN WEDGE-BILL. Dendrocolaptes cuneatus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 204, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1820; idem, I.e. for the years 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — Prov. Bahia; SPIX, Av. Bras., I, p. 89, pi. 91, fig. 3, 1824 — Para; LAFRESNAYE, Mag. Zool., 3, cl. 2, pi. 17, 1833 — "Bre'sil." Glyphorynchus ruficaudus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1150 — eastern Brazil (locality not specified). Sittasomus flammulatus LESSON, Trait£ d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 315, Sept. 1830 — Brazil (type in Paris Museum examined; =juv.); PUCHERAN, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 5, p. 489, 1853 (crit.). Zenophasia platyryncha SWAINSON, Anim. Menag., p. 352, 1838 — Brazil. Clyphorhynchus cuneatus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 593, 1850 (mon- og.); BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 19, 1856 — descr., hab. part, Bahia; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1867, p. 574 — Para, Capim; LAYARD, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 — Para; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 248, 1889 (crit. on Wied's types); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, h1-©1, Para, Bahia, Brazil; GOELDI, Ibis, 1903, p. 499 — Capim River; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 12, p. 280, 1905 — Igarape"-Assu, Para; SNETH- LAGE, Journ. Orn., 54, p. 524, 1906 — part, Para, Capim, Guama, San Antonio; HELLMAYR, Abhandl. 2. Kl. Bayer. Ak. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 635, 1906 — Para; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 331, 1914 — part, Para, Mocajatuba, Providencia, Ananindeua, Maguary, Sta. Isabel, Peixe-Boi, S. Antonio do Prata, Rio Guama, Rio Capim, Tocantins (Cameta, Baiao) ; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilh£os — Belmonte, Bahia. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus cuneatus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, MSm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 97, 1906 (note on type of S. flammulatus LESSON); HELL- • Birds from "Bogota" and eastern Ecuador appear to be inseparable from Peruvian skins. Three specimens from northern Matto Grosso are not different either, while birds from the Tapaj6z (Villa Braga) and the Rio Machados (Maroins), by their paler throat and stronger bills, form the transition to G. spirurus cuneatus, of eastern Brazil. b Glyphorynchus spirurus cuneatus (LICHTENSTEIN) : Differs from G. s. spirurus and G. s. castelnaudii by its considerably larger bill and by having the throat much paler, buff instead of cinnamon rufous, with the olive brown edges much broader and extended up to the chin. Birds from the Tapaj6z, Pard and Maranhao have even larger bills than those from Bahia, but agree in coloration. Material examined. — Bahia 5, Maranhao i, Para district 10, Santarem 4, Colonia do Mojuy, Santarem 5, Miritituba, R. Tapajoz 4. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 353 MAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 366, 1906 — S. Antonio do Prata; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 38, 91, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Ipitinga, Para district; BEEBE, Zoologica (N. Y.), 2, p. 63, 87, 1916 — Utinga, Para. Range: Wooded region of eastern Brazil, from Bahia north to Para, west to the right bank of the Tapaj6zB. 3: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao i, Utinga, near Para 2). Glyphorynchus spirurus albigularis Chapman*. WHITE-THROATED WEDGE-BILL. Clyphorhynchus cuneatus albigularis CHAPMAN, Amer. Mus. Novit., 86, p. 18, Aug. 1923 — Mission San Antonio, Rio ChimorS, Dept. Cochabamba, Bolivia. Range : Amazonian slope of the Andes in southeastern Peru (Sierra of Carabaya, Dept. Puno) and northern Bolivia (Yungas of La Paz and Cochabamba) . *Glyphorynchus spirurus pectoralis Sclater and Salvin°. NORTHERN WEDGE-BILL. Glyphorhynchus pectoralis SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 28, p. 299, 1860 — Vera Paz, Guatemala. Glyphorhynchus major SCLATER, Cat. Coll. Amer. Birds, p. 161, 1862 — Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) WYATT, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 — Canute, Santander; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1879, p. 523— Remedios; BERLEPSCH, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 307, 1884 — Bucaramanga; SCLA- TER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 124, 1890 — part, spec, a-o, Isabel, Rio de la Pasion, Choctum, Guatemala; Tucurriqui, Costa Rica; Chiriqui, Panama; a WHITE (P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613) records having taken a male of Glyphor- hynchus cuneatus at San Javier, Misiones, Argentina. This locality being so far away from the known range of any representative of this genus, I am not inclined to accept it without further evidence. The specimen is not either at Tring or in the British Museum, and I cannot help thinking that White had some other bird before him. b Glyphorynchus spirurus albigularis CHAPMAN: Agreeing with G. s. cuneatus in powerful bill; but the longitudinal spots on the chest, and the throat almost pure white, the latter being, besides, only on its lower portion and much more narrowly- edged with paler olive brown; under parts slightly paler brown. Wing 67-72; tail 64-69; bill 12-13. Material examined. — Peru: Yahuarmayo i, Chaquimayo i. Bolivia: Juntas 2, Rio San Mateo 4. c Glyphorynchus spirurus pectoralis SCLATER and SALVIN: Nearest to G. s. castel- naudii, but throat decidedly paler, ochraceous buff rather than cinnamon rufous, with the olive blackish margins much more evident; the triangular markings on chest larger, and in form of narrow stripes continued over the abdomen. Birds from Costa Rica and South America appear to have the light markings on the chest smaller and the abdomen less streaked, while the brown margins of the throat are also less pronounced. More satisfactory material may prove them to be separable. 354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Pallatanga; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 175, 1891 — part, Central America, Colombia, western Ecuador; GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Santo Domingo; DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 107, 1907 — Los Amates, Guatemala (crit.). Glyphorhynchus castelnaudi (not of DESMURS) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 141, 1859 — Pallatanga, Ecuador. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus castelnaudi BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 563 — Chimbo; idem, I.e., 1884, p. 300 — Cayandeled, Pedregal (crit.); HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 491, 1898 — Cachavi, n.w. Ecuador; MENE- GAUX, Miss. Serv. g6ogr. Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B 44, 1911 — Santo Domingo; HELLMAYR, P. Z. S. Lond., 1911, p. 1152 — Noanama, Sipi, w. Col- ombia. Glyphorhynchus cuneatus pectoralis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 275, 1911 — southeastern Mexico to Panama (monog.*); CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 417, 1917 — Alto Bonito, Salaqui, Noanama, San Jose", Gallera, Cocal, Barbacoas, Buenavista (Narifio), w. Andes; Puerto Val- divia, lower Cauca, Colombia; STONE, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 262, 1918 — Gatun, Panama; BANGS and BARBOUR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 211, 1922 — Mt. Sapo, Rio Esnape, Jesusito, Darien. Range: Central America, from southeastern Mexico (in State of Vera Cruz) to Panama; Colombia (western Andes; Cauca and Magda- lena valleys; Bucaramanga, Canute, Santander), adjoining portion of Venezuela (Rio Guachi, Prov. Zulia), and western Ecuador, south at least to Chimbo, Prov. Guayasb. 18: Guatemala (Vera Paz 9, Los Amates, Izabel i); Costa Rica (Rio Matina 2, Palmar i); Colombia (Noanama, Rio San Juan 2); Ven- ezuela (Santa Elena, Rio Guachi, Zulia i) ; Ecuador (San Javier, Prov. Esmeraldas i, Santo Domingo i). Genus SITTASOMUS Swainson. Sittasomus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ., 3, p. 355, 1827 — type by orig. desig. Dendra- colaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK. Sylosella LESSON, Traite1 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — new name for Sittaso- mus SWAINSON. Sittosomus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — emendation of Sittasomus SWAINSON. Acanthurus (not Acanthura GUILDING 1827) BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Paraguay, p. 72, 1901 — type Acanthurus microrhynchus BERTONI = Dendrocolaples syl- viellus TEMMINCK. • In Ridgway's work a full list of Central American references is given. b Material examined. — Guatemala 1 1 ; Costa Rica 4; Bucaramanga i, "Bogota" i, Noanama 3, Sipi, Colombia 2; Rio Guachi, Venezuela i; San Javier i, Pedregal i. Santo Domingo, Ecuador i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 355 *Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus (Temminck). OLIVACEOUS WOOD- CREEPER. Dendrocolaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK, Rec. PI. col., livr. 12, pi. 72, fig. i, July 1821 — "Bre'sil" (we suggest Rio de Janeiro); KITTLITZ, Kupfertafeln Naturg. Vogel, p. 20, pi. 24, fig. 2, 1830 — Rio de Janeiro. Dendrocolaptes erithacus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Berliner Akad. Wiss. aus den Jahren 1820-21, p. 259, 266, pi. i, fig. 2, 1822 — Prov. S§.o Paulo; idem, Verz. Dubl. Berliner Mus., p. 47, 1823 — Sao Paulo. Sittasomus temminckii LESSON, Traite' d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 314, Sept. 1830 — new name for Dendrocolaptes sylviellus TEMMINCK. Acanthurus microrhynchus BERTONI, Av. Nuev. Parag., p. 72, 1901 — Alto Par- ana, Paraguay. Sittasomus erithacus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 589, 1850 — Brazil (crit.); BURMEISTER, Syst. tJbers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 20, 1856 — Sete Lagoas, Minas Geraes; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; BERLEPSCH and IHERING, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., is, p. 119, 1890 — Rio de Jan- eiro (Brazil), San Javier (Misiones); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 508, 1892 — part; IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 230, 1899 — Iguape, Ypiranga, S. Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; idem, Annuario Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 129, 1899 — Mundo Novo; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 17, 1900 — Tebicuari, Paraguay; OBER- HOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 25, p. 132, 1902 — Sapucay, Paraguay; CHUBB, Ibis, 1910, p. 531 — Sapucay. Sittasomus erythacusPELZELix, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Sapitiba, Rio de Janeiro, Ypanema, S. Paulo; REINHARDT, Vidensk. Medd. naturhist. Foren., 1870, P- 3?6 — Sete Lagoas; MIRANDA RIBEIRO, Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 13, p. 182, 1905 — Morro Redondo, Retire dos Ramos, Itatiaya. Sittasomus sylviellus MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, P- 95, 1906 — Goyaz (crit.); IHERING and IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 247, 1907 — Ypiranga, S. Sebastiao, Avanhandava, Rio Feio, Ubatuba, Sao Paulo; Marianna, Minas Geraes; CHROSTOWSKI, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci. Varsovie, 5, p. 479, 497, 1912 — Vera Guarany, Parana. Sittasomus sylviellus sylviellus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 63, 1908 — Goyaz (city), Fazenda Esperanca, Prov. Goyaz (range); HARTERTand VENTURI, I.e., 16, p. 218, 1909 — Posadas, Misiones (spec, examined); DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305, 1910 — San Javier, Posadas, Misiones; idem, I.e., 23, p- 315, 1912 — Paso Yuvay, near Villa Rica, Paraguay; HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 12, No. 2, p. 144, 1915 — Brac.o do Sul, Espirito Santo. Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, p. 192, 1917 (range). Range: Southern Brazil, from southern Goyaz (neighborhood of Goyaz City), Minas Geraes (Sao Francisco, Sete Lagoes, Marianna, Agua Suja, near Bagagem), and Espirito Santo (Victoria) south to Rio 356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Grande do Sul; adjoining parts of Argentina (Misiones) and southern Paraguay (Alto Parana; Tebicuari, Sapucay, Paso Yuvay, all near Villa Rica)». 10: Brazil (Rio das Velhas, near Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes 2; "Rio" i; Sao Paulo, Ypiranga i, Victoria 5, Fazenda Cayoa, Salto Grande do Rio Paranapanema i). Sittasomus griseicapillus olivaceus Wiedb. GREEN-BACKED WOOD- CREEPER. Sittasomus olivaceus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1146, 1831 — "in den grossen inneren Urwaldern" [of eastern Brazil]. Sittasomus erythacus (not of LICHTENTSEIN) ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 247, 1889 (note on Wied's type). Sittasomus erithacus RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 508, 1892 — part, Wied's type. Sittasomus erithacus olivaceus BERLEPSCH, Zeits. ges. Orn., 2, p. 146, 1885 — Bahia (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 63, 64, 1908 — Bahia (crit.). Sittasomus griseicapillus olivaceus HELLMAYR, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, p. 192, 1917 — Bahia. Range: Eastern Brazil (coast region of Bahia). *Sittasomus griseicapillus griseicapillus ( Vieillot). AZARA'S WOOD- CREEPER. Deiidrocopus griseicapillus VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 26, p. 119, 1818 — based on Azara No. 244, Paraguay (we suggest Concepcion del Paraguay). Sittasomus chapadensis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14 "1891", p. 509, 1892 — Chapada, Matto Grosso; ALLEN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 113, 1893 — Chapada; SALVADORI, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 8, 1900 — Urucum, Matto Grosso; LILLO, Rev. letr. cienc. soc. Tucuman, 3. p. 54, 1905 — Tafi Viejo, Vipos, Rio Calera, Prov. Tucuman; MENEGAUX and "Thirty-eight specimens examined from Goyaz (vicinity of Goyaz City) 5, Minas Geraes (Agua Suja 4, Sao Francisco i, Rio das Velhas 2) 7, Espirito Santo (Victoria) i, Rio de Janeiro 6, Sao Paulo (various localities) 15, Parana (Serra do Mar) i, Santa Catharina (Serra do Mirador) 2, Misiones (Posadas) i. b Sittasomus sylviellus olivaceus WIED: Differs from S. s. sylviellus by having the pileum and mantle decidedly olive green, and the under parts duller as well as more olivaceous. Wing (female) 7 1 ; tail 7 1 ; bill 1 2. A single Bahia trade skin is so much duller, more greenish than any other indi- vidual in the large series of 5. g. sylviellus examined that I have no hesitation in re- garding it as subspecifically distinct. Although synonymized with S. erithacus by Allen and Ridgway, S. olivaceus appears to be referable to the present race. Wied calls the coloration of the upper and under parts "schmutzig olivengrun" and insists on the less yellowish lower surface of his type specimen in comparison to Temminck's plate of Dendrocolaptes sylviellus. Ridgway, too, noticed the duller coloration of the type, but was inclined to attribute it to fading. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLM AYR. 357 HELLMAYR, Me'm. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 95, 1906 — Chiquitos (crit); GRANT, Ibis, 1911, p. 134 — Riacho Ancho, Terr, del Chaco; Pan de Azucar, Matto Grosso. Dendrocolaptes syhiellus (not of TEMMINCK) LAFRESNAYE and D'ORBIGNY, Syn. Av., 2, in Mag. Zool., 8, cl. 2, p. 13, 1838 — Chiquitos, Bolivia (spec, examined). Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Engenho do Pari, Engenho do Gama, Matto Grosso; WHITE, P. Z. S. Lond., 1882, p. 613 — Campo Santo, Campo Colorado, Salta; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, n-r, Chapada; KERR, Ibis, 1892, p. 132 — lower Pilcomayo (spec, examined). Sittasomus erithacus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER and HUDSON, Arg. Ornith. , i, p. 198, 1888 — part, Oran, Salta; SALVADOR:, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 12, 1895 — Colonia Risso, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12, No. 292, p. 20, 1897 — San Lorenzo (Jujuy), Tala (Salta), San Francisco (Bolivian Chaco); LILLO, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 8, p. 192, 1902 — Tafi Viejo, Vipos, Rio Calera, Prov. Tucuman. Sittasomus sylviettus chapadensis HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 64, 1908 — part, Matto Grosso, eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, and northern Paraguay; DABBENE, Anal. Mus. Nac. B. Aires, 18, p. 305, 1910 — Jujuy, Salta, Tucu-' man, Chaco; HARTERT and VENTURI, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 218, 1909 — Rio San Francisco (Jujuy), Tucuman, Ocampo and Mocovi, Prov. Santa F£ (spec, examined). Sittasomus griseicapillus griseicapillus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, p. 190, 192, 1917 (range, crit.). Range: Northern Paraguay (Concepcion, Colonia Risso); south- western Brazil (Matto Grosso) ; eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Chiquitos) ; northern Argentina, in provinces of Jujuy, Salta, and Tucumdn, east to the Parana (Terr, del Chaco, Prov. Santa Fe>. 4: Argentina (Rio Paraguay i, Cadillal, Prov. Tucuman i, Rio Lavallen, Prov. Jujuy 2). *Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri Hellmayrb. REISER'S WOOD-CREEPER. Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, p. 190, Sept. 1917 — Pedrinha, Lake Parnagua, Piauhy. Sittasomus cearensis CORY, Auk, 38, p. 113, 1921 — Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara. a Material examined. — Concepcion, Paraguay i, Rio Pilcomayo i, Rio Paraguay i, Ocampo, Santa F£ 4, Tucuman 5, Jujuy 5, Chiquitos i, Santa Cruz, Bolivia 3, Matto Grosso 10. b Sittasomus griseicapillus reiseri HELLMAYR: Nearest to 5. g. griseicapillus, but smaller with shorter, slenderer bill; anterior crown washed with cinnamon brown; hindneck and mantle more brownish; sides of head and under parts much more brownish, cinnamon buff rather than grayish or olive buff; flanks decidedly tinged with cinnamomeous ; axillars deeper ochraceous; rufous of wings and tail paler. Wing (male) 70-74, (female) 64-67; tail 68-78; bill 12-13. Fifteen specimens (Piauhy 6, Maranhao 3, Ceard 3, Rio Preto, Bahia 2, Rio Thesouras, Goyaz i) examined. The bird from Goyaz is somewhat intermediate to S. g. griseicapillus. 358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Sittasomus erithacus (subsp. ? )REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Parnagud, Pedrinha, Missao, Tinoko near Buriti, Piauhy (spec, examined). Sittasomus sylviellus chapadensis (not of RIDGWAY) HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 63, 1908 — Rio Thesouras, northern Goyaz. Sittasomus erithacus chapadensis REISER, Denkschr. math, naturw. Kl. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 68, 1910 — Faz. Taboa, Rio Preto, Bahia (spec, examined). Range : Northeastern Brazil, in states of Ceara, Maranhao, Piauhy, northwestern Bahia (Rio Preto), and northern Goyaz (Rio Thesouras, 150 kilom. north of Goyaz City). 8: Brazil (Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara 3; Sao Marcello, Rio Preto, Bahia i ; Maranhao, Grajahu 2, Barra da Corda i ; Ibiapaba, Piauhy i). *Sittasomus griseicapillus amazonus Lqfresnaye. AMAZONIAN WOOD- CREEPER. Sittasomus amazonus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 590, 1850 — Upper Amazon, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined); DESMURS in Castelnau, Expe"d. Amer. Sud, Ois., p. 47, pi. 15, fig. 3, 1856 — Upper Amazon; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1866, p. 184 — Upper Ucayali, Peru; PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos], Borba, Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira (spec, examined); TACZANOWSKI and BERLEPSCH, P. Z. S. Lond., 1885, p. 98 — Mapoto, Ecuador; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe>., 2, p. 163, 1884 (descr. et hab., excl. Lechugal); RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 509, 1892 (descr.); BERLEPSCH and STOLZMANN, P.,Z. S. Lond., 1896, P- 375 — Garita del Sol, San Emilio, Junin; BERLEPSCH and HARTERT, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 62, 1902 — Suapure, Caura R., Venezuela; MENEGAUX and HELL- MAYR, Mein. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 96, 1906 — Upper Amazon (type), Yungas, Bolivia (crit.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 31, 1907 — Obidos; idem, I.e., p. 59 — Teffe, Rio Solimoes; SXETHLAGE, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 14, 1908 — Monte Verde, Ponto Alegre, Rio Purus; idem, I.e., p. 508 — Villa Braga, R. Tapaj6z; idem, I.e., p. 530 — Arumatheua, R. Tocantins; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 333, 1914 — Rio Tocantins; Boim, Villa Braga, Tapaj6z; Rio Purvis; Faro, Rio Jamunda; CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 118, 1921 — part, Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Upper Ucayali; TACZANOWSKI, I.e., 1874, p. 529 — Monterico, Amable Maria, Ropaybamba, Peru; idem, I.e., 1882, p. 27 — Yurimaguas; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Camacusa, Merume1 Mts., Roraima, Brit. Guiana; SCLA- TER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec. d1-k1, Roraima, Merum6 Mts., Upper Ucayali. Sittasomus sylviettus amazonus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 323, 1910 — Borba, Salto Theotonio, Rio Madeira. Sittasomus griseicapillus amazonus HELLMAYR, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, No. 2, D. 192, 1917 (range). 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 359 Range : Amazonian subregion, from British Guiana and the Tocan- tins west to the eastern slope of the Andes in Ecuador8 and Peru, south to the boundary line of Matto Grosso and the sources of the Beni River in northern Boliviab. 3: Brazil (Serra Grande, Rio Branco i); Peru (Huachipa 2). Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis Ridgway. PACIFIC WOOD- CREEPER. Sittasomus aequatorialis RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, "1891", p. 509, 1892 — Guayaquil, Ecuador. Sittasomus erithacus (not of LICHTENSTEIN) SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 1860, p. 278 — Babahoyo; idem, I.e., p. 293 — Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1877, p. 323 — Lechugal, Peru; idem, I.e., p. 332 — Palmal, Ecuador; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, t-v, Esmeraldas, Balzar, Ecuador. Sittasomus amazonus (not of LAFRESNAYE) BERLEPSCH and TACZANOWSKI, P. Z. S. Lond., 1883, p. 562 — Chimbo; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. Pe"r., 2, p. 163, 1884 — part, Lechugal. Range: Western Ecuador (from Esmeraldas south) and adjacent section of Province of Tumbez, northwestern Peru. Sittasomus griseicapillus griseus Jardine*. CARIBBEAN WOOD-CREEPER. Sittasomus griseus JARDINE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 19, p. 82, 1847 — Tobago; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, "1891", p. 510, 1892 — Tobago (crit.). Sittasomus phelpsi CHAPMAN, Auk, 14, p. 369, 1897 — Caripe", Bermudez, Ven- ezuela (type examined); ROBINSON and RICHMOND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 174, 1901 — San Julian, Venezuela. Sittasomus griseus virescens HELLMAYR and SEILERN, Arch. Naturg., 78, A, Heft 5, p. 1 06, 1912 — Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, • It probably ranges even into Colombia, for two '*Bogota" skins appear to belong to this race although they slightly differ by darker, more grayish coloration, which, however, may be due to fading. b The few specimens examined from British Guiana, Venezuela (Caura), and north of the Amazons (Rio Branco, Obidos, Manaos) agree with the average Peru- vian bird, while two from the upper Rio Madeira (Salto Theotonio), by their paler, more olivaceous coloring, form the transition to S. g. griseicapillus. Twenty-five specimens examined. 0 Sittasomus griseicapillus aequatorialis RIDGWAY: Not unlike 5. g. griseicapillus in general coloration, but more fulvous brown above and easily recognizable by the much paler, clear tawny of wings and tail. Five specimens examined. d Though recognizable by its more greenish olive general coloration, S. g. griseus is evidently conspecific with S, g. amazonus, since certain specimens of the latter closely approach it in the very pale hue of the wing band. 360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. p. 627 — San Esteban; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, w-c1, Venezuela, Tobago. Sittasomus griseus phelpsi MENEGAUX and HELLMAYR, M&n. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, 19, p. 97, 1906 — Caracas, Merida (crit.). Range: Island of Tobago; north coast of Venezuela, from Ber- mudez west to Lara and Me"ridas. *Sittasomus griseicapillus levis Bangs*. PANAMA WOOD-CREEPER. Sittasomus levis BANGS, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 46, 1902 — Boquete, Chiri- qui, western Panama. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lend., 1879, p. 523 — Remedies, Antioquia; SALVIN and GODMAN, Ibis, 1879, p. 202 — Manaure, Santa Marta district; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 — part, spec, l-o, r, s, Calovevora, Chitra, Chiriqui, Remedies, Man- aure; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 176, 1891 — part, Chiriqui, Chitra, Calovevora, Panama. Sittasomus sylvioides levis RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 282, 1911 — Panama (monog.); TODD and CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 276, 1922 — Jaraquiel, Bolivar, Colombia; Manaure, Santa Marta region; HALLINAN, Auk, 41, p. 319, 1924 — Rio San Juan Diaz, Panama. Range : Panama (Boquete, Volcan de Chiriqui ; Calovevora, Chitra , Cascajal, Code", Veragua); northern Colombia (Remedies, Antioquia; Jaraquiel, Bolivar; Manaure, Santa Marta district). 6: Panama (Boquete 5, Chiriqui i). *Sittasomus griseicapillus sylvioides Lafresnaye. MEXICAN WOOD- CREEPER. Sittasomus sylvioides LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 2, p. 590, 1850 — Mexico; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 509, 1892 — Costa Rica to southern Mexico (crit.); DEARBORN, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Pub., Orn. Ser., i, p. 108, 1907 — Los Amates and Patulul, Guatemala; CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 651, 1910 — Costa Rica. Sittasomus pectinicaudus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., 2, p. 33, 1859 — new name for Sittasomus sylvioides LAFRESNAYE. Sittasomus olivaceus (not of WIED) SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 119, 1890 8 Comparison of a large amount of material (Tobago 7, Bermudez 7, Caracas region 10, Cumbre de Valencia, Carabobo 20, Hacha, Bolivar R. R., Lara i) fails to disclose any constant difference between Tobago and mainland examples although no representative has been found on the intervening island of Trinidad. The case will be more fully explained elsewhere. b Sittasomus griseicapillus levis BANGS: Very similar to S. g. amazonus, but bill much smaller, upper back decidedly russet brown, and under parts slightly more olivaceous; similar also to S. g. sylvioides, but somewhat larger, and cinnamon rufous of rump and tail lighter. Wing (males) 78-84; tail 78-85. A single bird from Remedios appears to be identical with a series from Panama, while one from Maiaure, by rather greener lower parts and paler wing band forms the transition to griseus. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HE LLMAYR. 361 — part, spec, a-k, Jalapa, Mexico; Yucatan; Savanah Grande, Choctum, Guat- emala; Tempate, Costa Rica; SALVIN and GODMAN, Biol. Centr.-Americ., Aves, 2, p. 176, 1891 — part, Mexico to Costa Rica. Sittasomus sylvioides sylvioides RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 280, 1911 — southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica (monog.); PETERS, Auk, 30, p. 375, 1913 — Xcopen, Terr. Quintana Roo. Range: Southeastern Mexico (in states of Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Campeche, and Yucatan), south through Guatemala, British Honduras, and Nicaragua to Costa Ricaa. 7: Guatemala (Los Amates 2, Patulul, Solola 4); Mexico (Izalam, Yucatan i). Sittasomus griseicapillus jaliscensis Nelsonb. JALISCO WOOD-CREEPER. Sittasomus sylvioides jaliscensis NELSON, Auk, 17, p. 264, 1900 — San Sebastian, Jalisco; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 283, 1911 — Jalisco. Sittasomus sylvioides (not of LAFRESNAYE) NELSON, Auk, 15, p. 156, 1898 — San Sebastian, Jalisco. Range: Southwestern Mexico (in State of Jalisco). Genus DECONYCHURA Cherrie0. Deconychura CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 338, 1891 — type Deconychura typica CHERRIE. Dendrocinclopa CHUBBd, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 40, p. 107, 1920 — type Dendrocincla longicauda guianensis CHUBB. *Deconychura typica typica Cherrie. CHERRIE'S DECONYCHURA. Deconychura typica CHERRIE, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 14, p. 339, 1891 — Pozo Azul de Pirris, s.w. Costa Rica; idem, Expl. Zool. Merid. Costa Rica, p. 39, 1893 — Palmdr, s.w. Costa Rica; idem, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Costa Rica, 6, p. 17, 1893 — Pozo del Pital, s.w. Costa Rica (descr. nest and eggs); BANGS, Auk, 18, p. 367, 1901 — Divala, Chiriqui; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1914 — Chiriqui, Costa Rica (diag.); CARRIKER, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 652, " The Yucatan bird is decidedly paler, especially below than those from Guate- mala. Specimens from Costa Rica (which we have not seen) are said to be inter- mediate between sylvioides and levis. b Unknown to the author. c Deconychura may be distinguished from Dendrocincla by its proportionately longer tail which is equal to, or even slightly longer than the wing; flatter and slen- derer, terminally more compressed bill with distinctly ridged culmen; much more strongly graduated tail with the protruding denuded tips of the rectrices conspicu- ously decurved. The last named character is less developed in the three Amazonian species. d Described under the erroneous assumption that Deconychura possesses only ten rectrices. I have, however, shown long ago (see Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 52, 1904) and it is now an established fact that there are twelve tail feathers in D. typica. 362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. 1910 — Pozo Pital, Pozo Azul de Pirns, El General de Terraba, El Pozo de Terraba, s.w. Costa Rica; RIDGWAY, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, Part 5, p. 285, 1911 — s.w. Costa Rica and Panama (monog.). Range : Southwestern Costa Rica (from Pozo Azul southward) and western Panama (Divala and Bogavaa, Chiriqui; Aspinwall). i: Costa Rica (Palmar i). Deconychura typica minor Toddb. TODD'S DECONYCHURA. Deconychura typica minor TODD, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32, p. 116, 1919 — El Tambor, Santander, Colombia (type in Carnegie Museum examined). Range: Eastern Colombia (El Tambor, Rio Lebrija, Prov. San- tander). Deconychura secunda Hellmayr0. ECUADORIAN DECONYCHURA. Deconychura secunda HELLMAYR, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 14, p. 51, 1904 — Coca, upper Rio Napo, Ecuador; idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1907 — Coca (diag. ). Dendrocincla spec. inc. GOODFELLOW, Ibis, 1902, p. 62 — Coca. Range: Eastern Ecuador (Coca, upper Rio Napo). *Deconychura stictolaema (Pelzelri)*. SPOTTED-THROATED DECONY- CHURA. Sittasomus stictolaemus PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 59, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira (type in Vienna Museum examined) ; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1873, p. 270 — Chamicuros, Peru; TACZANOWSKI, Orn. PeY., 2, p. 164, 1884 — Chamicuros; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 120, 1890 — Amazonia. Deconychura stictolaemus HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 368, 1907 — Borba (diag.). Deconychura stictolaema HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 333, 1910 — Borba; SNETH- LAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 343, 1914 — Rio Madeira. 8 An adult male secured, on November 5, 1903, by H. Watson at an elevation of 800 ft., in the Tring Museum. b Deconychura typica minor TODD: Similar to D. t. typica, but somewhat smaller; upper parts more olivaceous, less tinged with rufescent; buffy markings below paler and more restricted to chest. Wing 92; tail 89; bill 22. Two specimens from the type locality in the Carnegie Museum examined. 0 Deconychura secunda HELLMAYR : Easily distinguished from Z?. typica by much smaller size, shorter and slenderer bill, and by having the rump chestnut rufous like the upper tail-coverts. Besides, the bend of the wing is olivaceous brown like the back, instead of light chestnut; the buff streaking above restricted to the crown; the throat, uniform buff in D. typica, is marked with small, brown edged spots, while foreneck and chest, heavily spotted with buff in its ally, show hardly a few obsolete streaks. Wing (adult female, the type) 84.5; tail 90; bill 20. d Deconychura stictolaema (PELZELN) : Similar to D. secunda in olivaceous brown bend of wing and chestnut rufous rump, but very much smaller with considerably shorter bill; back more rufescent brown; under parts darker, less olivaceous; foreneck more spotted with buff. Wing (two females) 75, 76; tail 72, 79; bill 16, 17. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 363 Range: Northern Brazil (Borba, Rio Madeira) and eastern Peru (Chamicuros, Dept. Loreto; Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin). i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez i). *Deconychura longicauda (Pelzeln). LONG-TAILED DECONYCHURA. Dendrocincla longicauda PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 60, 1868 — Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Barra do Rio Negro [ = Manaos] (spec, in Vienna Museum examined)8; SCLATER and SALVIN, P. Z. S. Lond., 1868, p. 64 — Amazonia; SALVIN, Ibis, 1885, p. 421 — Bartica Grove and Merume" Mt-s., British Guiana; RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 496, Jan. 1888 (ex PELZELN); SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 165, 1890 — Barra do Rio Negro; Ega, Rio Solimoes; Surinam; Merume" Mts. and Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana; OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 451, 1904 (ex PEL- ZELN). Dendrocincla longicauda guianensis CHUBB, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 39, p. 61, 1919 — Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana (type examined). Deconychura longicauda HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 367, 1907 — Borba; idem, I.e., p. 368, 1907 (diag., range); idem, I.e., 17, p. 334, 1910 — Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. math. phys. Kl. Bayr. Ak. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 41, 92, 1912 — Peixe-Boi, Pard; SNETHLAGE, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 34, 1914 — Providencia (Para), Rio Iriri (Bocca do Curua); BEEBE, Trop. Wild Life, I, p. 133, 1917 — Bartica Grove. Dendrocinclopa longicauda guianensis CHUBB, Birds Brit. Guiana, 2, p. 120, 1921 — Bartica Grove, Merume" Mts. Range: Dutch and British Guiana; northern Brazil (Providencia and^Peixe-Boi, near Para; Manaos, Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Ega, Rio Solimoes; Rio Iriri; Borba and Calama, Rio Madeira); eastern Peru (Puerto Bermudez, Dept. Junin); northern Bolivia (Rio San Mateo). i : Peru (Puerto Bermudez i). Genus DENDROCINCLA Gray. Dryocopus (not of BOIE 1826) WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. mi, 1831 — type Dendrocolaptes turdinus LICHTENSTEIN. " Although in another paper (Nov. Zool., 14, p. 334) I had indicated a male from Borba as type of the species, careful reexaminatipn of the original series in the Vienna Museum clearly disproves the correctness of this statement. Among the five speci- mens (one of which passed into the British Museum) there is only one, a female from Manaos, May 4, 1833, Vienna Museum, No. 15905, with the buff shaft spots ex- tending over the breast, as described by Pelzeln (". . . plumis pectoris et abdominis superioris scapo et macula centrali ochraceis"), and this example must, of course, be accepted as the actual type. Manaos becomes, therefore, the type locality. Two birds from British Guiana (guianensis CHUBB) are absolutely indistinguish- able from three taken at Manaos. Specimens from south of the Amazon average slightly more rufescent, but there is much individual variation in this respect. Material examined. — British Guiana: Bartica Grove, Merum<§ Mts. i. Brazil: Manaos 3, Marabitanas i, Peixe-Boi, Para 2, Borba 2, Calama i . Peru: Puerto Ber- mudez i . Bolivia: Rio San Mateo i. 364 FIELD MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII. Dendrocincla GRAY, List Genera Birds, p. 18, 1840 — type Dendrocolaptes tur- dinus LICHTENSTEIN. Dendromanes SCLATER, P. Z. S. Lond., 27, p. 382, 1859 — type by subs, desig. (SCLATER, 1890) Dendrocincla anabatina SCLATER. Dendrocichla SHARPE, Hand-List Gen. & Spec. Birds, 3, p. 74, 1901 — emendation of Dendrocincla GRAY. Dendrocincla turdina turdina (Lichtenstein}*. THRUSH-LIKE DEN- DROCINCLA. Dendrocolaptes turdinus LICHTENSTEIN, Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berlin for the years 1818-19, p. 204, pi. 2, fig. i, 1820; idem, I.e., for the years 1820-21, p. 264, 1822 — Prov. Bahia. Dryocopus turdinus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1112, 1831 — part, Rio Catol6, Bahia. Dendrocops turdinus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2) 3, p. 465, 1851 — Bahia (monog.). Dendrocincla turdinea BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 8, 1856 — part, Bahia. Dendrocincla turdina RIDGWAY, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 492, 1888 — Bahia; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 167, 1890 — part, spec, b-d, Bahia (exam- ined); OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 454, 1904 — Bahia (diag.); HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 337, 1906 — part, Bahia; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 246, 1907 — part, Bahia; LIMA, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12 (2), p. 99, 1920 — Ilhebs — Belmonte, Bahia. Dendrocincla turdina turdina HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 66, 1908 — Bahia (crit.). Range: Eastern Brazil, in State of Bahia. *Dendrocincla turdina enalincia Oberholserb. SOUTHERN THRUSH- LIKE DENDROCINCLA. Dendrocincla enalincia OBERHOLSER, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 56, p. 454, June a Dendrocincla turdina turdina (LICHTENSTEIN) is ochraceous or tawny brown above, brightest on the rump; the crown distinctly though narrowly streaked with buff; under parts strongly suffused with ochraceous, throat hardly paler than the chest, a few indistinct buff shaft lines on the foreneck. Wing 95-113; tail 83- 95; bill 24-26. Material examined. — Eleven (unsexed) trade skins from Bahia. b Dendrocincla turdina enalincia OBERHOLSER: Differs from D. t. turdina by much more olivaceous coloration, the upper parts being rufescent olive brown rather than tawny brown, the throat decidedly paler than breast and abdomen which lack the ochraceous tinge (so conspicuous in typical turdina) while the foreneck is more distinctly streaked with buff. Wing ico-iii; tail 88-99; bill 24-26. While specimens from Sao Paulo are easily distinguished by the above charac- ters, some of those from Rio de Janeiro and one from Goyaz form the transition to the typical race, being, however, nearer to enalincia. Material examined. — Goyaz, Fazenda Esperanca i; Espirito Santo, Braco do Sul, near Victoria i ; Rio de Janeiro 5; Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao 5, Victoria 2; Santa Catharina, Blumenau i, Serra do Mirador4i. 1925. BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS — CORY-HELLMAYR. 365 1904 — Bauni, Rio Feio, State of Sao Paulo; DABBENE, Bol. Soc. Physis, i, p. 334, 1914 — Paraguay (ex BERTONI). Dryocopus turdinus WIED, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3 (2), p. 1112, 1831 — part, Rio Itabapuana, separating the prov. of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. Dendrocincla turdinea BURMEISTER, Syst. Ubers. Th. Bras., 3, p. 8, 1856 — part, Rio de Janeiro. Dendrocincla turdina (not of LICHTENSTEIN) PELZELN, Orn. Bras., i, p. 42, 1868 — Rio de Janeiro and Registre do Sai, Rio; CABANIS, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 87, 1874 — Cantagallo, Rio; SCLATER, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 15, p. 167, 1890 — part, Rio de Janeiro; BOUCARD and BERLEPSCH, The Humming Bird, 2, p. 44, 1892 — Porto Real, Rio (spec, examined); IHERING, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 233, 1898 — Iguape, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 157, 1900 — Cantagallo; HELLMAYR, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 337, 1906 — part, range excl. Bahia; IHERING, Cat. F. Braz., i, p. 246, 1907 — part, Iguap£ instead of 2 to 3^ mm. wide) on foreneck and chest, without trace of blackish lateral edges, much fewer and smaller cross bars on the abdomen, and almost unmarked under tail-coverts, while the bill is paler as well as slenderer. From X. p. rostratus it differs by less blackish pileum, much more rufous under parts with narrower, buffy streaks, not dusky-edged laterally and shorter, pale brown bill. Whig 144; tail 118; bill 50. The type, a specimen in excellent condition, is of unknown origin. Though the describer supposed it to have come from Cartagena or Santa Marta, this appears altogether unlikely in view of its being so different from authentic material secured on the north coast of Colom- bia. In preparation the type somewhat recalls the so-called "Demerara" skins, but for the present its habitat must remain doubtful. INDEX Bold-faced type denotes names adopted in this work. Acanthurus 354 acedesta, Dendrocincla 373 acritus, Xenicopsis 189 acritus, Xenoctistes 189 Acrorchilus • 1 16 acuticaudatus, Anthus 168 acutirostris, Xenops 242 adspersus, Cichlocolaptes 188 adusta, Synallaxis 105 aegithaloides, Leptasthenura 60 aegithaloides, Synallaxis 60 aequatorialis, Asthenes 146 aequatorialis, Dendrornis 308 aequatorialis, Lepidocolaptes 322 aequatorialis, Picolaptes 322 aequatorialis, Siptornis 146 aequatorialis, Sittasomus 359 aequatorialis, Xiphorhynchus .... 308 affinis, Asthenes 134 affinis, Dendrocolaptes 324 affinis, Lepidocolaptes 324 affinis, Platyurus 156 affinis, Siptornis 134 affinis, Xenops 238 agnatus, Furnarius 21 alarum, Xiphorhynchus 305 alaudina, Coryphistera 26 albescens, Synallaxis 87 albicapilla, Cranioleuca 117 albicapilla, Synallaxis 117 albiceps, Cranioleuca 116 albiceps, Synallaxis 116 albicollis, Dendrocopus 276 albicollis, Nasica 348 albicollis, Sphenura 188 albicollis, Xiphocolaptes 276 albidior, Automolus 221 albidiventris, Cinclodes 38 albigula, Cranioleuca 117 albigularis, Glyphorynchus 353 albigularis, Philydor 219 albigularis, Sclerurus 247 albigularis, Synallaxis 88 albilora, Synallaxis 96 albisquama, Nasica 301 albiventris, Cinclodes 36 albiventris, Upucerthia 36 albo-gularis, Dendrocolaptes 244 albogularis, Figulus 17 albogularis, Philydor 211 albogularis, Pygarrhicus 244 albolineatus, Dendrocolaptes 328 albolineatus, Lepidocolaptes 327 alogus, Rhopoctites 230 alopecias, Cranioleuca 125 alopecias, Synallaxis 125 altirostris, Dendrocolaptes 291 altirostris, Dendroplex 291 amaurotis, Anabates 199 amaurotis, Xenicopspides 199 amazonica, Synallaxis 106 amazonus, Sittasomus 358 Anabasitta 170 Anabates 75 anabatina, Dendrocincla 373 Anabatoides 187 anabatoides, Xenops 188 Anabazenops 187 Ancistrops 187 andaecola, Upucerthia 47 andicola, Leptasthenura 65 andinus, Sclerurus 250 Anecorhamphus 232 anguina, Dendrocincla 367 angustirostris, Dendrocopus 335 angustirpstris, Lepidocolaptes.. . . 335 annumbi, Anumbius 168 annumbi, Furnarius 168 anomalus, Sclerurus 249 antarctica, Certhia 29 antarctica, Geositta 7 antarcticus, Cinclodes 29 anthoides, Anumbius 168 anthoides, Asthenes 148 anthoides, Geositta 3 anthoides, Synallaxis 148 antisiensis, Cranioleuca 118 antisiensis, Synallaxis 118 Anumbius 168 anxius, Xenicopsis 197 anxius, Xenicopsoides 197 aphanta, Dendrocincla 366 Aphrastura 55 apothetus, Picolaptes 333 approximans, Xenops 234,235 aradoides, Anabates 156 arequipae, Asthenes 141 arequipae, Synallaxis. 141 argentinus, Xiphocolaptes 276 argobronchus, Xenops 238 assimilis, Automolus 1 85 assimilis, Furnarius 19 assimilis, Hyloctistes 185 Asthenes 133 atacamae, Chilia 53 atacamensis, Cinclodes 39 atacamensis, Upucerthia 39 atlanticus, Picolaptes 334 atricapillus, Anabates 200 atricapillus, Philydor 200 379 380 INDEX atrigularis, Poecilurus in atripes, Picolaptes 319 atrirostris, Dendrocincla 365 atrirostris, Dendrocolaptes 365 aurantiacus, Metopothrix 167 auritus, Anabates 180 auritus, Pseudocolaptes 180 australis, Asthenes 138 australis, Oxyurus 56 Automolus 2 10 azarae, Synallaxis 77 azuay, Asthenes 147 azuay, Siptornis 147 badius, Furnarius 17 badius, Turdus 17 baeckstroemii, Cinclodes 33 baeri, Asthenes 136 baeri, Philydor 203 baeri, Siptornis 136 baeri, Upucerthia 48 bahiae, Dendroplex 289 bahiae, Lepidocolaptes 339 bahiae, Picolaptes 339 bahiae, Sclerurus 251 bahiae, Xiphocolaptes 277 bangsi, Automolus 212 bangsi, Xiphorhynchus 306 Barnesia 75 baroni, Cranioleuca 117 baroni, Siptornis 117 bartletti, Dendrocincla 371 Bathmidura 70 beauperthuysii, Nasica 302,311 bellulus, Margarornis 171 belmontensis, Xiphocolaptes 278 bergianus, Phacellodomus 211 berlepschi, Asthenes 143 berlepschi, Dendrexetastes 271 berlepschi, Leptasthenura 62 berlepschi, Siptornis 143 berlepschi, Thripophaga 156 berlepschi, Xiphocolaptes 285 Berlepschia 181 bifasciatus, Cinclodes 39 bivittatus, Dendrocolaptes 337 bivittatus, Lepidocolaptes 337 bogotensis, Dendrornis 307 boissonneautii, Anabates 178 boissonneautii, Pseudocolaptes. . . 178 bolivari, Synallaxis 103 boliviana, Leptasthenura 69 bolivianus, Lepidocolaptes 324 bolivianus, Philydor 195,207 bolivianus, Thripobrotus . .' 324 borealis, Campylorhamphus 347 boultoni, Margarornis 172 brachyura, Synallaxis 91 brevicauda, Geobates i brevirostris, Geositta 8 bricenoi, Thripadectes 229 bridgesi, Upucerthia 48 bridgesii, Drymornis 349 bridgesii, Nasica 349 brooki, Automolus 229 brunnea, Dendrocincla 377 brunnea, Synallaxis 134 brunneicauda, Margarornis 173 brunneicauda, Premnoplex 173 brunneicauda, Synallaxis 83 brunneicaudalis, Synallaxis 83 brunneicaudis, Synallaxis 83 brunnescens, Margarornis 175 brunnescens, Premnoplex 175 brunneus, Sclerurus 254 burmeisteri, Geositta 1 1 cabanisi, Anabazenops 191 cabanisi, Synallaxis 83 cabanisi, Xenoctistes 191 cajabambae, Leptasthenura 67 campicola, Coryphistera 26 Campylorhamphus 339 candei, Poecilurus no candei, Synnalaxis no caniceps, Synallaxis 127 canigularis, Sclerurus 248 canipileus, Synallaxis 95 canivetii, Xenops 200 capitalis, Cranioleuca 118 capitoides, Dendrexetastes 273 caquetensis, Synallaxis 107 carabayae, Lepidocolaptes 324 carri, Synallaxis 104 castanea, Synallaxis 102 castaneus, Xiphocolaptes 287 castanonota, Lochmias 257 castanoptera, Dendrocincla 371 castelnaudii, Glyphorynchus 351 caucae, Synallaxis 91 caudacutus, Sclerurus 253 caudacutus, Synallaxis 114 caudacutus, Thamnophilus 253 cayennensis, Gracula 260 cayoensis, Xenops 238 cearae, Furnarius 20 cearensis, Dendrocolaptes 266 cearensis, Sclerurus 246 cearensis, Sittasomus 357 cearensis, Synallaxis 114 celicae, Automolus 225 certhia, Dendrocolaptes 260 certhia, Leptasthenura 66 certhia, Picus 260 certhia, Siptornis 66 Certhiaxis 112 certhioides, Anabates 49 certhioides, Upucerthia 49 certhiola, Synallaxis 96 certhiolus, Lepidocolaptes 336 certhiolus, Picolaptes 336 certus, Sclerurus 248 cervicalis, Automolus 213 cervicalis, Philydor 213 INDEX cervinigularis, Anabates 223 cervinigularis, Automolus 223 chapadensis, Sittasomus 356 chapmani, Campylorhamphus 347 chapmani, Synallaxis 92 cherriei, Thripophaga 154 chilensis, Cinclodes 31 chilensis, Furnarius 31 Chilia 52 Christian!, Dendrocincla 369 chrysolopus, Dendrocolaptes 289 chunchotambo, Dendrocolaptes. . 312 chunchotambo, Xiphorhynchus. . . 312 Cichlocolaptes 226 Cillurus 27 Cinclodes 27 cinerascens, Synallaxis 97 cinerea, Synallaxis 144 cinereiventris, Synallaxis 109 cinereus, Synallaxis 76 cinnamomea, Certhia 112 cinnamomea, Certhiaxis 112 cinnamomea, Synallaxis 103 cinnamomeigula, Automolus 217 cinnamomeus, Furnarius 23 cinnamomeus, Picolaptes 23 cinnamomeus, Xiphocolaptes . . . . 278 cisandina, Cranioleuca 119 cisandina, Synallaxis 119 Cladoscopus 273 Clibanornis 26 coloratus, Premnoplex 174 columbiana, Upucerthia 51 columbianus, Philydor 205 columbianus, Synallaxis 94 columbianus, Xenicopsis 193 commersoni, Furnanus 16 communis, Dendrocolaptes 260 compressirostris, Xiphocolaptes. . 283 compressus, Lepidocolaptes 331 compressus, Thripobrotus 331 concolor, Anabates 225 concolor, Dendrocolaptes 259 confinis, Dendrornis 300 confinis, Xiphorhynchus 300 connectens, Xenops 239 consobrina, Asthenes 142 consobrinus, Automolus 224 consobrinus, Dendrornis 301 consobrinus, Philydor 224 contaminates, Heliobletus 227 Coprotretis 41 coronatus, Lepidocolaptes 338 coronatus, Picolaptes 338 coryi, Schizoeaca 73 coryi, Synallaxis 73 Coryphistera 25 costaricensis, Dendrocolaptes. . . . 272 costaricensis, Dendrornis 300 costaricensis, Pseudocolaptes 176 costaricensis, Xiphocolaptes 279 costaricensis, Xiphorhynchus .... 300 Cranioleuca 1 16 crassirostris, Dendrocolaptes 276 crassirostris, Geositta 13 crassirostris, Synallaxis 143 crassirostris, Xiphocolaptes 283 cristata, Pseudoseisura 181 cristatus, Anabates 181 cristatus, Furnarius 25 cuchacanchae, Asthenes 148 cuchacanchae, Siptornis 148 cuneatus, Dendrocolaptes 352 cuneatus, Glyphorynchus 352 cunicularia, Alauda 2 cunicularia, Geositta 2 curtata, Cranioleuca 121 curtata, Synallaxis 121 cururuvi, Synallaxis 76 curvirostris, Limnornis 53 cyanotis, Dendrocolaptes 276,286 dabbenei, Upucerthia 45 darwini, Upucerthia 42 debilis, Cranioleuca 122 debilis, Siptornis 122 Deconychura 361 decumanus, Dendrocolaptes 276 demissa, Synallaxis 77 demonstrates, Xiphorhynchus . . . 298 Dendrexetastes 273 Dendrocichla 364 Dendrocincla 363 Dendrocinclopa 361 Dendrocinda 368 Dendrocolaptes 259 dendrocolaptoides, Anabates 27 dendrocolaptoides, Clibanornis. . . 27 Dendrocops 259 Dendrocopus 259 Dendrodramus 244 Dendroma 199 Dendromanes 364 Dendrophylax 70 Dendroplex 288 Dendrornis 293 dentirostris, Xenops 240 deserticolor, Geositta 4 desmurii, Sylviorthorhynchus. ... 55 devillei, Dendrexetastes 274 devillei, Dendrocolaptes 274 dimidiatus, Anabates 202 dimidiates, Philydor 202 dinellii, Siptornis 148 d'orbigynanus, Nasica 294 d'orbignyanus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 294 d'orbignyi, Asthenes 142 d'orbignyi, Bathmidura 142 dorsalis, Automolus 214 dorsalis, Phacellodomus 165 dorso-immaculatus ,Xiphorhynchus 3 46 dorsomaculata, Synallaxis 57 Drioctistes 156 Dromodendron 244 INDEX Drymornis 349 Dryocopus 363 dumetaria, Upucerthia 41 dumetorum, Uppucerthia 41 eburneirostris, Dryocopus 303 elegans, Dendrornis 3*5 elegans, Synallaxis 79 elegans, Xiphorhynchus 3*5 elegantior, Synallaxis 79 emigrans, Xiphocolaptes 278 enalincia, Dendrocincla 364 endoecus, Furnarius 22 Enicornis 5 1 Eremobius 5 T erithacus, Dendrocolaptes 355 erythacus, Myiothera 209 erytbrocephalus, Hylocryptus 226 erythrocercus, Anabates 209 erythrocercus, Philydor 209 erythronotus, Philydor 201 erythrophthalmus, Anabates 156 erythrophthalmus, Drioctistes 156 erythrops, Cranioleuca 122 erythrops, Synallaxis 122 erythropterus, Anabates 207 erythropterus, Philydor. 207 erythropygia, Dendrornis 310 erythropygius, Xiphorhynchus. . . 310 ery thro thorax, Synallaxis 105 esmeraldae, Lepidocolaptes 329 euophrys, Philydor 208 Euphilydor 200 Eusiptornoides *33 excelsior, Cinclodes. 51 excelsior, Upucerthia 5 i exilis, Furnarius 22 eximia, Dendrornis . . 306 eximius, Xiphorhynchus 306 exsertus, Automolus 222 exterior, Leptasthenura 66 extima, Leptasthenura 65 eytoni, Dendrocolaptes 296 eytoni, Xiphorhynchus 296 falcinellus, Lepidocolaptes 320 falcinellus, Thripobrotus 320 falcirostris, Dendrocolaptes 278 f alcularius, Campylorhamphus . . . 339 falcularius, Dendrocopus. . .• 339 falcirostris, Xiphocolaptes 278 fasciata, Geositta 12 f asciatus, Geobamon 12 fasciolatus, Sylviorthorhynchus . . 55 ferrugineigula, Anumbius 157 ferrugineigula, Drioctistes 156 ferruginolentus, Anabates 227 Figulus , J4 figulus, Furnarius 24 figulus, Turdus 24 fissirostris, Alauda 3 fissirostris, Geositta 3 fitis, Synallaxis 127 fitzgeraldi, Upucerthia 43 flammeus, Dendrocolaptes 314 flammulata, Asthenes 152 flammulatus, Anabates 228 flammulatus, Sittasomus 352 flammulatus, Synalaxis 152 flammulatus, Thripadectes 228 flamulata, Siptornis 166 flavescens, Pseudocolaptes 180 flavigaster, Xiphorhynchus 303 flavogularis, Asthenes 134 flavogularis, Synallaxis 134 forsteri, Cillurus 30 fortirostris, Dendrocolaptes 265 fortis, Geositta 14 fortis, Xiphocolaptes 282,378 fraterculus, Dendrornis 314 frenata, Synallaxis 1 16 frobeni, Certhilauda 5 frobeni, Geositta 5 frontalis, Sphenura 157 frontalis, Synallaxis 80 fruticicola, Synallaxis 78 fuliginiceps, Leptasthenura 69 fuliginiceps, Synallaxis 69 fuliginosa, Dendrocincla 375 fuliginosa, Schizoeaca 71 fuliginosa, Synallaxis 71 fuliginosus, Dendrocopus 375 fuliginosus, Furnarius 29 fulva, Aphrastura 57 fulvigularis, Sclerurus 252 fulviventris, Synallaxis 84 fumigatus, Dendrocolaptes 375 fumosus, Automolus 216 furcata, Cranioleuca 120 furcata, Synallaxis 120 Furnarius J4 furvicaudatus, Synallaxis 85 fusca, Sitta i«7 fuscescens, Leptasthenura 61 fuscicapillus, Lepidocolaptes 326 fuscicapillus, Picolaptes 326 fusciceps, Thripophaga , . 155 fuscifrons, Certhiaxis 113 fuscifrons, Synallaxis 113 fuscipennis, Philydor 201 fuscipennis, Synallaxis 82 fusco-rufa, Synallaxis 102 fuscus, Anabazenops 187 fuscus, Anthus 34 fuscus, Cinclodes 34 fuscus, Dendrocopus 332 fuscus, Lepidocolaptes 332 fuscus, Tinactor 245,253 galatheae, Homorus 182 garrulus, Malurus 157 genibarbis, Xenops 233 Geobamon 2 INDEX 383 Geobates i Geooecia 245 Geositta 2 gilvus, Cinclodes 34 Glyphorynchus 350 Glyphorhynchup 350 gouldi, Henicornis 52 gracilirostris, Dendrocolaptes .... 349 gracula, Motacilla 30 gracilis, Picolaptes 332 graculus, Dendrocolaptes 261 graminicola, Asthenes 147 graminicola, Synallaxis 147 grandis, Xiphorhynchus 347 grenadensis, Xiphorhynchus 347 griseicapillus, Dendrocopus 356 griseicapillus, Sittasomus 356 griseiceps, Furnarius 23 griseigularis, Acrorchilus 122 griseigularis, Cranioleuca 122 griseipectus, Cranioleuca 121 griseipectus, Phacellodomus 161 griseiventris, Synallaxis 77,145 griseo-murina, Schizoeaca 72 griseo-murina, Syn-allaxis 72 griseonuchus, Synallaxis 92 grisescens, Leptasthenura 61 griseus, Sittasomus 359 guatemalensis, Sclerurus 255 guatemalensis, Tinactor 255 guayae, Xenops 239 guerrerensis, Automolus 216 guianensis, Dendrocincla 363 guianensis, Microxenops 243 guianensis, Philydor 209 gujanensis, Motacilla. . 93 gujanensis, Synallaxis 93 gularis, Synallaxis 108 gularis, Xenops 211 guttata, Margarornis 173 guttata, Picolaptes 332 guttatoides, Nasica 295 guttatoides, Xiphorhynchus 295 guttatus, Dendrocolaptes 294 guttatus, Xiphorhynchus 294 guttulatus, Anabazenops 194 guttulatus, Xenoctistes 194 guttuligera, Premnornis 173 guttuligera, Thripophaga ' 173 gutturalis, Anabates 184 gutturalis, Pseudoseisura 184 gutturata, Cranioleuca 131 gutturatus, Anabates 131 hallinani, Upucerthia 43 harterti, Schizoeaca 73 harterti, Upucerthia 50 hauxwelli, Furnarius 21 helleri, Schizoeaca 72 Heliobletus 227 hellmayri, Asthenes 145 hellmayri, Cranioleuca 120 hellmayri, Dendrocincla 376 hellmayri, Geositta 5 hellmayri, Lepidocolaptes 336 hellmayri, Siptornis 120 hellmayri, Synallaxis. 145 hellmayri, Xenops 242 Henicornis 51 hesperius, Dendrocolaptes 264 heterocerca, Synallaxis 129 heterura, Siptornis 137 heterura, Asthenes 137 heterurus, Cinclodes 39 heterurus, Xenops 240 hilereti, Siptornis 139 hoffmannsi, Dendrocolaptes 268 holostictus, Automolus 232 holostictus, Thripadectes 232 homochroa, Dendrocincla 372 homochrous, Dendromanes 372 Homorus 181 hornensis, Cinclodes 33 huallagae, Asthenes 153 huallagae, Siptornis 153 huallagae, Synallaxis ; 94 hudsoni, Asthenes 149 hudsoni, Synallaxis 149 humicola, Asthenes 144 humicola, Synnalaxis 144 humilis, Asthenes 141 humilis, Synallaxis 140,141 Hydrolegus 257 Hylexetastes : 274 Hylocryptus . . 226 Hyloctistes 185 hypochondriaca, Siptornopsis . ... 132 hypochondriacus, Siptornis 132 hypoleuca, Synallaxis 90 hypoleuca, Upucerthia 46 hypophaeus, Automolus 223 hyposppdia, Synallaxis 86 hyposticta, Synallaxis 131 idoneus, Xenicopsis 198 ignobilis, Automolus 231 ignobilis, Thripadectes 231 ignotus, Xiphocolaptes 282 iguatensis, Xiphocolaptes 278 immaculatus, Anabazenops 208 infumata, Synallaxis 78 infuscatus, Anabates 199,212 infuscatus, Automolus 212 inornata, Synallaxis 95 inornata, Synallaxis 120 inornatus, Cinclodes 28 inornatus, Phacellodomus 160 insignis, Dendrornis 316 insignis, Lepidocolaptes 332 insignis, Picolaptes 332 insignis, Xiphorhynchus 316 insolitus, Xiphorhynchus 309 intermedianus, Pseudocolaptes . . . 179 intermedius, Campylorhamphus . . 342 INDEX intermedius, Dendrocolaptes 266 Ipnodomus 14 Ipoborus 211 isabellina, Certhilauda 8 isabellina, Geositta 8 jaliscensis, Sittasomus 361 jardinei, Dendrornis 302 jardinei, Xiphorhynchus 301 jelskii, Coprotretis 46 jelskii, Upucerthia 46 johnsoni, Pseudocolaptes 179 josephinae, Synallaxis 88 juae, Synallaxis 82 juninensis, Geositta 6 juninensis, Upucerthia 13 juruanus, Dendrocolaptes 262 juruana, Dendrornis 316 juruanus, Xiphorhynchus 316 kienerii, Dendroplex 291 kienerii, Dendrornis 291 klagesi, Automolus 230 klagesi, Thripadectes 230 koeniswaldianus, Picolaptes 333 kollari, Poecilurus 112 kollari, Synallaxis 112 lachrymosus, Dendrornis. ....... 305 lachrymosus, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 305 lacrymiger, Dendrocolaptes 322 lacrymiger, Lepidocolaptes 322 laemosticta, Synallaxis 103 lafresnayanus, Campylorhamphus 341 lafresnayanus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 341 lafresnayei, Dendrocincla 367 lafresnayi, Lepidocolaptes 321 lafresnayi, Thripobrotus 321 lanceolatus, Opetiorhynchus 27 latitabunda, Synallaxis 91 lawrencei, Dendrornis 299 lawrencei, Sclerurus 253 lawrencii, Pseudocolaptes 176 layardi, Picolaptes 327 layardi, Lepidocolaptes 327 Lepidocolaptes 318 Leptasthenura 60 leptasthenuroides, Siptornis 137 Leptoxyura 112 leucogaster, Lepidocolaptes 319 leucogaster, Xiphorhynchus 319 leucophrys, Anabates 227 leucophrys, Cichlocolaptes 227 leucophthalmus, Anabates 211 leucophthalmus, Automolus 211 leucopus, Furnarius. 18 leucosternus, Dendrodramus 244 levaillantii, Picolaptes 319 levis, Sittasomus 360 lichtensteini, Philydor 203 lignicida, Lepidocolaptes 325 lignicida, Picolaptes 325 lilloi, Asthenes 148 lilloi, Siptornis 148 Limnoctites 54 Limnophyes 53 Limnornis 53 lineaticeps, Anabates 187 lineaticeps, Lepidocolaptes 329 lineaticeps, Picolaptes 329 lineatocapilla, Dendrornis 312 lineatocapillus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 312 lineatocephalus, Dendrocolaptes.. 284 lineatocephalus, Xiphocolaptes. . . 284 lineatus, Anabazenops 192 lineatus, Xenpctistes 192 littoralis, Lepidocolaptes 330 littoralis, Picolaptes 330 littoralis, Xenops 236 Lochmia 256 Lochmias 256 longicauda, Deconychura 363 longicauda, Dendrocincla 363 longipennis, Furnarius 36 longipennis, Geositta 8 longirostris, Campylorhamphus. . . 340 longirostris, Dendrocopus 348 longirostris, Dendroplex 293 longirostris, Furnarius 21 longirostris, Myothera 253 longirostris, Nasica 348 lophotes, Homorus 183 lophotes, Pseudoseisura 183 luscinia, Ochetorhynchus 49,50 luscinia, Upucerthia. 50 lyra, Philydor 210 macconnelli, Automolus 221 macconnelli, Sclerurus 251 macconnelli, Synallaxis 84 madeirae, Lepidocolaptes 326 macrorhyncha, Dendrocincla 377 macroura, Thripophaga 154 macrourus, Anabates 154 maculata, Synallaxis 99 maculatus, Dendrocopus 337 maculicauda, Asthenes 153 maculicauda, Siptornis 153 maculipectus, Phacellodomus . ... 165 maculirostris, Cinclodes 29 maculiventer, Xyphorhynchus . . . 319 major, Campylorhamphus 343 major, Dendrocopus 286 major, Glyphorhynchus 353 major, Synallaxis 168 major, Xiphocolaptes 286 maluroides, Asthenes 150 maluroides, Sylviorthorhynchus . . 55 maluroides, Synallaxis 150 maranonica, Synallaxis 98 marayniocensis, Siptornis 141 maritima, Certhilauda 10 INDEX 385 maritima, Geositta 10 martinsi, Synallaxis 114 masafuerae, Aphrastura 57 masafuerae, Synallaxis 57 Margarornis 170 maynanus, Philydor 224 media, Synallaxis 79 medianus, Pseudocolaptes 179 medius, Dendrocolaptes 260 megarhynchus, Dendrornis 304 megarhynchus, Xiphorhynchus. . . 304 Megaxenops 243 melanocephalus, Xenops . 200 melanopezus, Anabates 219 melanopezus, Automolus 219 melanops, Phleocryptes 57 melanops, Sylvia 57 melanorhynchus, Anabates 231 melanorhynchus, Thripadectes . . . 231 melanotis, Furnarius 24 melanura, Chilia 52 melanura, Enicornis 52 menaloceps, Dendrocolaptes 265 mentalis, Anabazenops 193 mentalis, Dendrornis 303 mentalis, Sphenura 114 mentalis, Xenoctistes 193 mentalis, Xiphorhynchus 303 meridae, Pseudocolaptes 177 meridana, Synallaxis. 101 merula, Dendrocolaptes 370 merula, Dendrocincla. 370 merulina, Dendrocincla 366 meruloides, Dendrocincla 366 meruloides, Dendrocops 366 Metopothrix 167 mexicanus, Sclerurus 248 mexicanus, Xenops 237 microrhynchus, Acanthurus 355 Microxenops 243 milled, Microxenops 243 minlosi, Xenerpestes 166 minor, Cillurus 34 minor, Deconychura 362 minor, Dendrocincla 365 minor, Furnarius 23 minutus, Turdus 232 minutus, Xenops 232 modesta, Asthenes 139 modestus, Synallaxis 139 moesta, Synallaxis 82 molitor, Cinclodes 31 montana, Synallaxis 59 montana, Uppucerthia 48 montanus, Anabates 195 montanus, Xenicopsoides 195 montivagans, Leptasthenura 66 moreirae, Oreophylax 74 moreirae, Synallaxis 74 mulleri, Cranioleuca 132 mulleri, Siptornis 132 multiguttatus, Nasica 317 multostriata, Asthenes 151 multo-striata, Synallaxis 151 multostriatus, Campylorhamphus. 340 multostriatus, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 340 multistrigatus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 270 mustelina, Certhiaxis 115 mustelina, Synallaxis 115 nana, Dendrornis 299 nanus, Xiphorhynchus 299 napensis, Xiphorhynchus 313 Nasica 348 nasalis, Nasica 348 neglecta, Siptornis 137 neglecta, Synallaxis 100 neglectus, Cinclodes 47 neglectus, Lepidocolaptes 325 neglectus, Picolaptes 325 neglectus, Xenops 237 negrensis, Dendrocolaptes 270 nematura, Lochmias 257 nematura, Myiothera 257 Neops . 232 nesiotis, Synallaxis 89 nicaraguae, Hylostictes 186 nigricauda, Automolus 218 nigrifumpsa, Synallaxis 91 nigrocapillus, Xenops 199 nigro-fasciata, Alauda 3 nigro-fumosa, Uppucerthia 27 mgrofumosus, Cinclodes 27 notatus, Picolaptes 317 notius, Synallaxis 86 oberholseri, Pseudocolaptes 178 obidensis, Thripophaga 155 obscura, Synallaxis 83 obscurata, Lochmias 258 obscurior, Sclerurus 250 obscurus, Anabates 218 obscurus, Automolus. . 218 obscurus, Xiphocolaptes 288 obsoleta, Cranioleuca 127 obsoleta, Leptoxyura 127 obsoletus, Dendrocolaptes 259,317 obsoletus, Xenops 234 obsoletus, Xiphocolaptes 286 obsoletus, Xiphorhynchus 317 obtectus, Picolaptes 326 occipitalis, Synallaxis 88 ocellatus, Dendrocolaptes 311 ocellatus, Xiphorhynchus 311 Ochetorhynchus 41 ochroblepharus, Cichlocolaptes . . . 188 ochrogaster, Philydor 201 ochorolaemus, Anabates. 219 ochrolaemus, Automolus 219 oleagineus, Anabazenops 190 oleagineus, Xenoctistes 190 olivascens, Sclerurus 255 olivacens, Synallaxis 76 olivaceus, Sittasomus 356 386 INDEX omiltemensis, Xiphocolaptes 279 omissa, Synallaxis 108 Opetiorynchos 14 orenocensis, Xiphocolaptes 285 oreobates, Cinclodes 38 Oreophylax 74 ornatus, Oxyurus 56 orryctera, Geooecia 246 Orthocolaptes 259 Otipne 176 ottonis, Asthenes 137 ottonis, Siptornis 137 oustaleti, Cinclodes 32 Oxypyga 245 Oxyurus 55 palamblae, Cranioleuca 118 palamblae, Siptornis 118 pallescens, Dendrocolaptes 267 palliatus, Cillurus 40 palliatus, Cinclodes 40 palliatus, Dendrornis 318 palliatus, Xiphorhynchus 318 pallida, Cranioleuca 123 pallida, Leptasthenura 62 pallida, Upucerthia 45 pallidiceps, Synallaxis 127 pallidigularis, Automolus 221 pallidior, Philydor 200 pallidus, Synallaxis 123 palpebralis, Schizoeaca 72 panamensis, Pseudocolaptes 176 panerythrus, Philydor 206 paramo, Synall [axis] 146 paraensis, Automolus 214 paraensis, Dendrexetastes 273 Paraguay ae, Furnarius 16 paranensis, Leptasthenura 69 paranensis, Xiphocolaptes 276 pardalotus, Dendrocopus 313 pardalotus, Xiphorhynchus 313 parnaguae, Megaxenops 243 Parulus 75 parvirostris, Picolaptes 325 patagonica, Asthenes 138 patagonica, Motacilla 30 patagonica, Synallaxis 138 patagonicus, Cinclodes 30 patagonicus, Oxiurus 56 paytae, Geositta 10 pectinicaudus, Sittasomus 360 pectoralis, Automolus 216 pectoralis, Glyphorynchus 353 pelzelni, Xenops 233 percnopterus, Xenicopsis. . 189 perlata, Margarornis 171 perlatus, Sittasomus 171 perpallida, Sj^nallaxis 90 perrotii, Dendrocolaptes 274 perrotii, Hylexetastes 274 peruviana, Geositta 9 peruviana, Leptapthenura ....... 64 peruviana, Margarornis 1 70 peruviana, Schizoeaca 71 peruviana, Synallaxis 131 peruvianus, Phacellodomug 159 peruvianus, Picolaptes 323 peruvianus, Sclerurus 250 Phacellodomus 157 Phaceloscenus 157 phaeochroa, Dendrocincla 368 phaeopygus, Xiphocolaptes 284 phelpsi, Sittasomus 359 Philydor 199 Phleocryptes 57 phoenicurus, Enicornis. 51 phoenicurus, Eremobius 51 phryganopbila, Schoeniophylax . . . 73 phryganophila, Sylvia 73 Picerthia 256 pichinchae, Synallaxis 109 picirostris, Dendroplex 292 picoides, Gracula 288 Picolaptes 293 picumnus, Dendrocolaptes 269 picus, Dendroplex 288 picus, Oriolus 288 pileata, Leptasthenura 68 pileatus, Furnarius 24 piurae, Synallaxis 99 plagosus, Dendrocolaptes. 269 platensis, Leptasthenura 63 platyrhynchus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 265 platyrostris, Dendrocolaptes 264 platyryncha, Zenophasia 352 poecilopterus, Anthus i poecilopterus, Geobates i Poecilurus no poliocephala, Sphenura 204 poliophrys, Synallaxis 76 polysticta, Asthenes 144 polysticta, Dendrornis 302 polystictus, Xiphorhynchus 302 polyzonus, Dendrocolaptes 262 praedatus, Lepidocolaptes 334 praedatus, Picolaptes 334 Premnocopus 259 Premnoplex 1 73 Premnornis 173 procerus, Xiphocolaptes 280 procurvoides, Campy lorham phus . 345 procurvoides, Xiphorhynchus .... 345 procurvus, Dendrocolaptes. . . .339,342 procurvus, Xiphocolaptes 280 promeropirhynchus, Dendro- colaptes 281 promeropirhynchus, Xiphoco- laptes 281 propinqua, Synallaxis 98 propinqua, Upucerthia 42 propinquus, Sclerurus 248 proxima, Siptornis 140 Pseudocolaptes 176 Pseudoseisura . . .181 INDEX 387 Pseudosiptornis . 133 pucheranii, Campylorhamphus. . . 347 pucheranii, Xiphorhynchus 347 pudibunda, Asthenes 137 pudibunda, Synallaxis 137 pudica, Synallaxis 91 pullus, Sclerurus 249 pulvericolor, Anabates 95 pumicola, Synallaxis 144 puncticeps, Picolaptes 328 puncticollis, Dendrocolaptes 272 punctigula, Dendrornis 310 punctigula, Leptasthenura 64 punctigula, Xiphorhynchus 310 punensis, Asthenes 147 punensis, Geositta 7 punensis, Siptornis 147 purusianus, Xenops 241 pusillus, Campylorhamphus 346 pusillus, Xiphorhynchus 346 Pygarrhichus 244 Pygarrhicus 244 pyrrhodes, Anabates 202 pyrrhodes, Philydor 202 pyrrholeuca, Asthenes 133 pyrrholeuca, Sylvia 133 pyrrhophia, Cranioleuca 128 pyrrhophius, Dendrocopus 128 quindiana, Asthenes 151 quindiana, Siptornis 151 radiolatus, Dendrocolaptes 263 rectirostris, Automolus 225 rectirostris, Dendrocopus 288 rectirostris, Limnoctites 54 rectirostris, Limnornis 54 rectirostris, Opetiorhynchus 225 reiseri, Cranioleuca 125 reiseri, Siptornis 125 reiseri, Sittasomus 257 remota, Dendrocincla 372 Rhopoctites 228 ridgwayi, Dendrocincla 370 ridgwayi, Dendrocolaptes 259 ridgwayi, Xenops 237 rikeri, Berlepschia 181 rikeri, Picolaptes 181 rimarum, Xiphorhynchus 294 riveti, Philydor 206 rivularis, Cillurus 37 robusta, Asthenes 141 robusta, Siptornis 141 roraimae, Automolus 219 rosenbergi, Xiphorhynchus 298 rostrata, Asthenes 140 rostrata, Siptornis 140 rostratus, Premnoplex 174 rostratus, Xiphocolaptes '. . . 281 rostratus, Xiphorhynchus 305 rostripallens, Dendrornis 295 ruber, Furnarius . . . -. 162 ruber, Phacellodomus 162 rubicola, Phacellodomus 163 rubidus, Automolus. 225 rubiginosa, Margarornis 172 rubiginosus, Anabates 215 rubiginosus, Automolus 215 rubiginosus, Dendrocolaptes 286 rufala, Siptornis 1 48 rufescens, Automolus 206 ruficauda, Synallaxis 114 ruficauda, Upucerthia 48 ruficaudatus, Anabates 208 ruficaudatus, Philydor 208 ruficaudus, Anabates 93,208 ruficaudus, Glyphorynchus 352 ruficaudus, Neops 235 ruficaudus, Ochetorhynchus 48 ruficaudus, Opetiorhynchus 17 ruficaudus, Xenops v 235 ruficapilla, Synallaxis 75 ruficeps, Dendrocincla 373 ruficeps, Sphenura 76,77 ruficollaris, Xenops. 154 ruficollis, Anabazenops 225 ruficollis, Automolus 225 ruficollis, Philydor 204 ruficollis, Sylvia 123 rufifrons, Anabates 157 rufifrons, Phacellodomus 157 rufifrons, Xenops 204 rufigenis, Cranioleuca 123 rufigenis, Synallaxis 123 rufigula, Dendrexetastes 273 rufigula, Dendrocolaptes 273 rufigularis, Sclerurus 252 rufipectus, Automolus 217 rufipectus, Synallaxis 109 rufipennis, Cranioleuca 130 rufipennis, Geobamon 1 1 rufipennis, Geositta i r rufipennis, Phacellodomus 163 rufipennis, Synallaxis 130 rufipileatus, Anabates. 223 rufipileatus, Automolus 223 rufiventris, Synallaxis no rufobrunneus, Philydor 230 rufobrunneus, Thripadectes 230 rufo-dorsalis, Xiphorhynchus .... 341 rufogularis, Synallaxis 107,149 rufo-olivacea, Dendrocincla. ..... 375 rufosuperciliatus, Xenoctistes. ... 188 rufosuperciliatus, Xenops 1 88 rufus, Dendrocolaptes 338 rufus, Dendrocopus 204 rufus, Furnarius 14 rufus, Merops 14 rufus, Philydor 204 rufus, Xenops ... 211 rupestris, Opetiorhynchos 31 russeola, Certhiaxis 114 russeola, Sylvia 114 ruticilla, Synallaxis 127 388 rutilans, Synallaxis 105 rutilans, Xenops 238 rutilus, Xenops '.,.:. 238 sajamae, Siptornis 139 salvini, Sclerurus 256 sanctae-martae, Lepidocolaptes . . 321 sanctae-martae, Picolaptes 321 sanctae-martae, Xiphocolaptes. . . 280 sancti-hilarii, Furnarius 257 sancti-thomae, Dendrocolaptes . . . 263 sancti-thomae, Dendrocops 263 saturata, Dendrocincla 374 saturatior, Dendroplex 290 saturatior, Picolaptes 332 saturatior, Upucerthia 44 saturatus, Automolus 218 saturatus, Xiphocolaptes 282,288 saxicolina, Geositta 9 Saxilauda 2 scandens, Gracula 260 scansor, Oxypyga 245 scansor, Sclerurus 245 schistaceus, Cinclodes 33 Schizoeaca 71 Schizoeacha 71 schocolatinus, Cinclodes 40 Schoeniophylax 73 schoenobaenus, Phleocryptes .... 59 sclateri, Anabates 213 sclateri, Synallaxis 150 sclateri, Thripadectes 229 sclateri, Thripophaga 157 sclateri, Xiphocolaptes 279 Sclerurus 245 scutata, Synallaxis 99 scrutator, Thripadectes 229 secunda, Deconychura 362 seilerni, Dendrocolaptes 271 semicinerea, Cranioleuca 126 semicinerea, Leptoxyura 126 semicinnamomeus, Pseudocolaptes 1 78 semirufus, Philydor 206 serrana, Upucerthia 47 setaria, Dendrophylax 70 setaria, Synallaxis 70 seticauda, Motacilla 56 sibilatrix, Phacellodomus 162 silvestrianus, Hydrolegus 257 similis, Dendroplex 317 simillimus, Glyphorhynchus 350 simoni, Synallaxis 97 simonsi, Heleodytes 41 simpliciceps, Dendrocolaptes 284 sincipitalis, Phacellodomus 158 singularis, Synallaxis 167 singularis, Xenerpestes 167 Siptornis 166 Siptornoides 133 Siptornopsis 132 Sittacilla 350 Sittasomus 354 Sittosomus 354 sordida, Asthenes 135 sordida, Synallaxis 135 soror, Xenops 233 sororia, Dendrornis 297 sororia, Lochmias 258 sororius, Xiphorhynchus 297 souleyetii, Dendrocolaptes 328 souleyetii, Lepidocolaptes 328 sparsim-striatus, Cinclodes 28 specularis, Phacellodomus 160 Sphenopyga 168 Sphenorynchus 350 spinicauda, Aphrastura 56 spinicauda, Motacilla 56 spirurus, Glyphorhynchus 350 spirurus, Neops 350 spixi, Synallaxis 85 spixii, Picolaptes 314 spizii, Xiphorhynchus 314 squamatus, Dendrocolaptes 319 squamatus, Lepidocolaptes . 319 squamiger, Anabates 1 70 squamigera, Margarornis 170 squamulata, Lochmias 257 steinbachi, Asthenes 145 steinbachi, Siptornis 145 stellata, Margarornis 172 stenoptila, Leptasthenura . ...... 61 stictolaema, Deconychura 362 stictolaemus, Sittasomus 362 stictonota, Margarornis 175 stictonotus, Premnoplex 175 stictoptilus, Ipoborus 185 stictpthorax, Synallaxis 98 stissitura, Synallaxis 80 stresemanni, Hylexetastes 275 striata, Enicornis 48 striata, Leptasthenura 67 striata, Synallaxis 67 striaticeps, Anumbius 160 striaticeps, Automolus 231 striaticeps, Cranioleuca 129 striaticeps, Phacellodomus 160 striaticeps, Pseudocolaptes. ..... 177 striaticeps, Synallaxis 128,130 striaticollis, Anabates 196 striaticollis, Anumbius 164 striaticollis, Phacellodomus 164 striaticollis, Siptornis 166 striaticollis, Synallaxis 166 striaticollis, Xenicopsoides 196 striatidorsus, Automolus 232 striatigularis, Dendrornis 304 striatigularis, Xiphorhynchus .... 304 stria tipectus, Synallaxis 104 strigilatus, Ancistrops 187 strigilatus, Thamnophilus 187 striolata, Leptasthenura 68 striolata, Sphenura 154 striolata, Synallaxis 68 striolatus, Xenicopsis 194 INDEX 389 striolatus, Xenoctistes 194 subalaris, Anabates 193 subalaris, Xenoctistes : . . 193 subandina, Synallaxis 119 subcristata, Cranioleuca 120 subcristata, Synallaxis 120 subflavescens, Philydor 208 subfulvus, Philydor 201 subguttatus, Picolaptes 295 subprocurvus, Xiphorhynchus . . . . 346 subpudica, Synallaxis 86 subulata, Sphenura 185 subulatus, Hyloctistes 185 sulphurascens, Sphenura 211 sulphurifera, Cranioleuca 130 sulphurifera, Synallaxis 130 superciliaris, Furnarius 24 superciliaris, Sphenura 200 superciliosa, Synallaxis 76 superciliosus, Dendrocolaptes. ... 128 susurrans, Dendrocolaptes 301 susurrans, Xiphorhynchus 301 Sylosella 354 sylviellus, Dendrocolaptes 355 sylviellus, Sittasomus 355 sylvioides, Sittasomus 360 Sylviorthorhynchus 54 Synallaxis 75 Syndactyla 188 Synnalaxis 60 tacarcunae, Xenicopsis 192 tacarcunae, Xenoctistes 192 taczanowskii, Asthenes 152 taczanowskii, Cinclodes 28 taczanowskii, Siptornis 152 tamucoensis, Upucerthia 44 tardus, Dendrocolaptes 270 tarefero, Dendrocolaptes 265 tatei, Premnoplex 175 tecellata, Synallaxis 73 temminckii, Dendrocolaptes 273 temminckii, Sittasomus 355 temporalis, Anabates 198 temporalis, Xenicopsoides 198 tenuirostris, Alauda 13 tenuirostris, Dendrocolaptes 334 tenuirostris, Geositta 13 tenuirostris, Lepidocolaptes 333 tenuirostris, Xenops 241 terrestris, Synallaxis 104 terricolor, Synallaxis 98 tertia, Synallaxis '. . 107 thelotii, Synallaxis 60 thoracicus, Campylorhamphus . . . 345 thoracicus, Xiphorhynchus 345 Thripadectes 228 Thripophaga 154 Thryolegus 53 Tinactor 245 tithys, Synallaxis 97 torridus, Furnarius 20 transfasciatus, Dendrocolaptes. . . 268 triangularis, Dendrocolaptes 307 triangularis, Xiphorhynchus 307 tricolor, Furnarius 21,25 trochilirostris, Campylorhamphus 342 trochilirostris, Dendrocolaptes. . . . 342 tucumanus, Cinclodes 36 tupinieri, Synallaxis 56 turdina, Dendrocincla 364 turdinus, Anabates 220 turdinus, Automolus 220 turdinus, Dendrocolaptes . 364 typhla, Dendrocincla 374 typica, Deconychura 361 tyrannina, Dendrocincla 376 tyranninus, Dendrocops 376 umbretta, Myiothera 253 umbretta, Sclerurus 253 umbrinus, Automolus 215 undulatus, Hylexetastes 276 undulatus, Premnocopus 261 uniformis, Hylexetastes 275 unirufa, Pseudoseisura 182 unirufa, Synallaxis 101 unirufus, Anabates 182 Upucerthia 41 urubambensis, Asthenes 153 urubambensis, Siptornis 153 validirostris, Picolaptes 303 validirostris, Ochetorhynchus .... 45 validirostris, Upucerthia 45 validus, Dendrocolaptes 270 variegaticeps, Anabazenops 198 variegaticeps, Xenicopsoides 198 variegatus, Dendrocolaptes 269 venezuelanus, Philydor 197 venezuelanus, Xenicopsoides 197 venezuelensis, Campylorhamphus 343 venezuelensis, Furnarius 22 venezuelensis, Poecilurus 1 1 1 venezuelensis, Synallaxis 1 1 1 venezuelensis, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 343 veraepacis, Automolus 215 villadenovae, Xiphocolaptes 278 virescens, Sittasomus 359 virgata, Asthenes 153 virgata, Synallaxis 153 virgaticeps, Thripadectes 229 virgatus, Hyloctistes 186 virgatus, Philydor 1 86 virgatus, Xiphocolaptes 281 vulgaris, Uppucerthia 34,37 vulpecula, Cranioleuca 126 vulpecula, Synallaxis 126 vulpina, Cranioleuca 124 vulpina, Synallaxis 124 wagleri, Dendrocolaptes 320 wagleri, Lepidocolaptes 320 390 INDEX wallacei, Dendrocincla 375 wallisi, Henicornis 52 warscewiczi, Lepidocolaptes 323 warscewiczi, Thripobrotus 323 watkinsi, Automolus 217 weddellii, Dendrornis 311 whitii, Synallaxis 100 wyatti, Asthenes 146 wyatti, Synallaxis 146 Xenerpestes 166 Xenicopsis 187 Xenicopsoides 195 Xenoctistes 188 Xenops 232 xenothorax, Leptasthenura 68 Xiphocolaptes 276 Xiphorhynchus 293 Xiphornis 339 yucatanensis, Xiphorhynchus. . . . 304 yungae, Philydor 195 yungae, Xenicopsoides 195 zamorae, Sclerurus 246 Zenophasia . . . . j. 350 THE LIBRARY OF THE FE8171933 UNIVERSITY OF ILUNfllS