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CATALOGUE

OF THE

BRITISH SPECIES OF PISIDIUM

(RECENT & FOSSIL)

IN THE

COLLECTIONS OF THE

WITH

NOTES ON THOSE OF WESTERN EUEOPE.

BY

B. B. WOODWARD, F.L.S., &c.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.

SOLD BV

LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.G. :

B. QUARITCH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W. ,

DULAU & Co., LTD., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ;

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.

1913.

\All r'ujlds reserved.']

AI.KKK M FLAMMAM.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED UON COURT, FLEET STRKKT.

PREFACE,

THE present volume is based on the studies made by the author
in his private time during nine winter sessions. It. deals with
the collections of recent and fossil shells, belonging to the genus
Pisidium, in the British Museum (Natural History). It is, how-
ever, by no means restricted to these, since Mr. B. B. Woodward
has had the advantage of making use of a large number of
specimens derived from other sources. This is indicated by the
unusually long list of helpers whose assistance he acknowledges
in his Introduction, and to whom the thanks of the Trustees
are also due.

The difficulty of the work has been increased by the small size
of the shells described.

The Catalogue is in one respect a departure from the usual
practice of the Museum, since it deals with the collections of two
Departments, represented respectively by the recent and by the
fossil forms.

SIDNEY F. HARMER,

Keeper of Zoology.
Briti3h Mupeum (Natural History),
London, S.W.
March 7, 1913.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

I. THE GENUS PISIDIUM

II. HISTORY OF THE BRITISH SPECIES

III. LlST OF INDETERMINATE PAL.EARCTIC FORMS 13

IV. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES RECOGNIZED 16

1. Pisidium amnicum (M tiller) 10

"2. „ astartoides, Sandb 27

3. „ casertanum (Poll) 31

4. „ nitidum, Jenyns 44

5. „ personatum, Malm 53

6. „ pusillum (Gmelin) Jenyns 60

7. „ iitilium, Held 70

8. „ pulchellum, Jenyus 78

!>. „ subtruncatum, Malm 84

10. „ henslowanum (Shepp.) 93

11. ,, siipinum, A. Schmidt , 100

1:?. ,, parvulum, Clessin 105

13. „ steenbuchii (Moller) 107

14. „ lil/Jeborffii, Olessin Ill

15. „ hibernicmn, Westld 116

16. „ obtusale (Lam. ?) Jenyus 119

17. „ vincentianum, B. B. "Woodw 127

V. BIBLIOGRAPHY 129

VI. INDEX 141

PLATES I-XXX, WITH THEIR EXPLANATIONS.

TEXT FIGURE.

Page
TOPOGRAPHY OF THE HINGE OF PISIDIIU . 3

4158!

INTRODUCTION,

OF all the genera of British non-marine Mollusca none has
presented more difficulties to the student than Pisidium. The
small size of the shells, their great variability, the lack in most
cases of any striking external characteristics, as well as the con-
fusion in which the subject has been left by the various authorities,
have all contributed to these difficulties, with the result that the
genus has been largely neglected.

Very early in our joint work on the post-tertiary Mollusca,
Mr. A. S. Kennard and I were led to see that the group must be
dealt with, whilst the late Dr. 0. Bottger had urged me to study
it more closely. It was not, however, till Dr. A. C. Johansen
visited this country in 1901 that any serious start was made.
Dr. Johansen it was who directed my attention to the hinge-
characters as the only sure means of identification of the species,
and by his intimate knowledge of the Scandinavian forms he was
able to point out that we had species present in Britain hitherto
unrecognized.

The investigation of the British species of Pisidium was to have
been our joint task, but unfortunately for Malacology, Dr. Johansen
on his return to Copenhagen was drafted to other zoological
work, and this attempt to unravel a very tangled skein was left
to me.

Vlll INTRODUCTION.

Owing to the kind assistance of friends a very large amount of
material has passed through 033- hands. Among others, I am
peculiarly indebted to my colleagues at . the Natural History
Museum, Mr. E. A. Smith, I.S.O., of the Zoological Department,
and Dr. Smith Woodward and Mr. Bulleii Newton of the Geological
Department ; to Dr. Kitchin of the Museum of Practical Geology ;
Dr. Scharff of the National Museum, Ireland ; Dr. S. F. Harmer,
then in charge of the collections at Cambridge ; Mr. James Reeve
of the Norwich Castle Museum ; and the Curator of the Concho-
logical Society of Great Britain ; who all freely allowed me to
work over the valuable collections in their charge. Whilst, when
early in the work it became necessary to visit Bath in order to see
Jenyns' types, Mr. F. Shum, the President, and Mr. E. C. Davey,
the Hon. Sec. of the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution,
were most kind and assiduous in affording me every assistance in
my researches.

Among private collectors, besides Mr. A. S. Kennard and
Dr. Johansen, thanks are more especially due and are hereby
tendered to : —

Dr. R. Bellini (for Italian specimens, including some from the
historic spring at Caserta), the late Dr. 0. Bottger, the late Rev.
R. Ashington Bullen, C. S. Carter, Major M. Connolly, J. E. Cooper,
Capt. W. J. Farrer, Dr. L. Germain of the Muse'um d'Histoire
Naturelle, Paris (for specimens from the Locard collection), J. W.
Jackson, Dr. F. F. Laidlaw, Dr. K. Lampert of the K. Naturalien-
sammlung in Stuttgart, W. A. Lindholm of Moscow (for specimens
from Russia and from Lake Baikal), Mrs. Longstaff, H. Lynge (for
Scandinavian specimens), A. Mayfield, J. N. Milne, 11 Marchese di
Monterosato, C. H. Moore, H. C. Napier, Dr. Nils Hj. Odhner (for
Scandinavian specimens), C. Oldham, H. Overtoil, 11. A. Phillips,
H. B. Preston, F. W. Reader (for kind and assiduous assistance in
the preparation of the photographs that form the basis of the plates),
Mons. A. Rutot of the Muse'e d'Histoire Naturelle, Brussels,
A. W. Stclfox, F. H. Sikes, E. R. Sykes, F. Taylor, Dr. J. H.
The'el of the Naturhistoriska Riksrauseum, Stockholm, J. R. Le B.
Tomlin, the late Major H. Trevelyan (who specially dredged some

INTRODUCTION. IX

of the Irish Lakes), Mons. E. Vincent (for Belgian fossil examples),
W. M. Webb, and C. E. Wright. Whilst the Zoological Museum
of Copenhagen furnished specimens of P. steeubucJiii (Moll.).

In the lists of distribution the following abbreviations have been
employed for the names of these and other friends and helpers : —

A.M. = A. Mayfield.
A.S. K. = A. S. Kennard.
A.W.S.=A. W. Stelfox.
B.B.W. = B. B. Woodward.
B.M.=Britis8 Museum
(Natural History).
C. C. S. = Census of the Concho-
logical Society of
Great Britain.
C. E. W. = C. E. Wright.
C. E. Y. K. = Rev. C. E.Y.Kendall.
C. H.M. = C. H. Moore.
C.O. = C. Oldham.
C. S. = Conchological
Society's collection.
C. S. C.-C. S. Carter.

F.T. = F.Taylor.
H. C.N.-H. C. Napier.

II. 0. = H. Overton.
H.T. = Major H. Trevelyan.
J. E. C. — J. E. Cooper.

J. L. = Mrs. J. Longstaff.
J.N. M.-J. N. Milne.

J. W. J. = J. W. Jackson.
K. II. J.= Staff - Surg. K. II.
Jones, R.N.

M. P. G. = Museum of Practical
Geology.
N. M. = Norwich Museum.
R.A.P. = R. A. Phillips.
S. M. C. = Sedgwick Museum,
Cambridge.
T. R. = the late T. Rogers
[whose Pisidia are
now in the writer's
collection].
W. J. F. = Capt. W. J. Farrer.
W.M. W. = W. M. Webb.

Camb. = MacAndrew collec-
tion, Cambridge.
D. M.= National Museum,
Dublin.
E. C. = E. Collier.
E. R. S — E. R. Sykes.

F. F. L. = Dr. F. F. Lai<U;r,v.

w

CATALOGUE

OF

SPECIES OF PISID1UM.

I. — THE GENUS PISIDIUM.

The genus was established in 1821 by C. Pfeiffer (134), who
separated it from Cyclas (i. e. SpJuxrium) on good anatomical
grounds, namely, as he puts it, that there is a siiujle siphonal tube
at the anterior end of the shell. He was obviously unprepared to
find in this genus the departure from the normal state of the
peleeypod shell whereby the posterior portion is the shorter.

Prior to Pfeiffer's time forms now referred to his genus were
placed in Tellina, by Miiiler and others following him, in Spkcerium,
by Scopoli, in Cardiam, by Poli, and in Cyclas, by Draparnaud,
Lamarck and his school.

In 1818 Ferussac, the elder, in an article on "Cyclade" (61),
subdivided the genus Cyclas and proposed for one of the sections
thus formed the subgeneric name of Corneocyclas, which he stated
was equivalent to the genus Cornea of Megerle (t=Sphcerium) (112),
bat among the species he cited, following the practice of Draparnaud,
were Cychis fontinalis, Drap., C. d tibia, Say, and " C. amnia,
tellina amnia, Miill." Corneocyclas does not appear to have been
adopted by his cotemporaries, nor does Be Blainville allude to it
in his "Manuel de Malaeologie " (1825-27); he merely gives as
subdivisions of Cyclas: — Cornea and Pisum, Megerle.

Dr. Dall (49) has recently sought to revive the name Corneo-
cyclas for Pisidium on the ground that if one removes all the
species included in that subgeuus by Ferussac but now referred to
the prior Sphagrium, some species remain that ought to retain the
name Corneocyclas. Seeing, however, that the name was only a
subgeneric or sectional one, established openly as a synonym for a
prior one (Cornea), and that it was never adopted by others, whilst

B

2 CATALOGUE OF

Dull selects the unknown Tellina piisiHa, Gmelin, as the type,
instead of any of the forms included by Ferussac, one can only
regret that, doubtless with, the best intentions, the distinguished
American Conchologist should have further complicated zoological
nomenclature by endeavouring to resuscitate such a mere tentative
sectional designation. To set aside Pfeiflfer's name, deliberately
chosen to designate a group of species having a good common
character, in favour of a subgeneric term, that can only be retained
for certain of its incidental members by a somewhat arbitrary
manipulation, is to stretch the much abused law of priority to its
breaking point, and in this Catalogue, therefore, Pfeiff'er's name
Pisidium will be adhered to.

In 1820 Itafinesque (146) used Phymesoda* for one of his
divisions of the genus Cyclcts, his types being " C. lacustris
(as Splicer ium\ C. dubia, Say, &c." Dall, in spite of its mixed
character and faulty definition, revives the name for a section of
his Corneoci/das, taking however as type, Tellina viryinica, Gmelin
(p. 3236, no. 39), which is held to have priority over Say's
C. didtia, though what Gmelin's species really was is more than
doubtful.

The synonymy of the genus is : —

Pisidium, C. Pfeiffer, Naturg. Deutsch., Moll. Abthl. i, 1821, pp. 17

& 123.
Pisum, "Megerle, 1811 ; non Linn." : Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

xv, 1847, p. 184.
Galileia, O. G. Costa, Fauna Sicilia, Molh.sclii, p. 1, pi. i, fig. 2 a,

A, B (1840).
EiK/lesa, }

Pe'ra, \ Leach, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit. 1852, pp. 291-2.
Cordula, \
M use ul htm. Link: II. & A. Adams, Gen. Recent Moll, ii, 1858,

p. 451 (non Link).

With regard to Galileia, 0. G. Costa (sometimes misquoted as
"Da Costa"), the usual reference is to Costa's " Correspondenxa
Zoologioa, 1839" (page never given); the name occurs there
(p. 181) as applied to a freshwater bivalve, in a review of the
author's "Fauna Sicilia," &c., 1840 (46), to which the reader
is referred for details. The latter work few appear to have
seen ; in it thegenus and species (Gulileia ienebrosa) are described
and apparently excellent enlarged figures given, which would lead
one to suppose the shell was really marine. The Marquess de
Monterosato, however, assures me that these figures are quite
fallacious, and most kindly forwarded specimens from the type
locality, which is inland. These and other specimens which I
received from Prof, liellini proved to be undoubted Pisidium
casertanum, very dwarfed and stunted, accompanied in one of the
gatherings by still more stunted P. personatum.

* Misquoted by Prime in his works as " Physemoda."

SPECIES OF rrsimr\r.

Pfeiffer's diagnosis of the genus Ptsidivm is as follows (134,
Abt. i, pp. 17 & 123) :—

" PISIDIUM:, Nobis.

" Thier : statt der rohrenformigen Tracheen ein schmaler
fleischiger Vorstoss an dem vorderen Theile der Schalen ;
der Fuss lang und schmal.

" Gehaus : liinglich, ungleichseitig, voilig schliessend ; an der
rechten Schale ein, an derlinken Schale zwei gegeneinander
iiberstehende, sehr kleine Hanptzahne ; nach hinten und
vorne zwei diinne, lamellenforruige Seitenziihne; letztero an
der rechteu Schule gespalten, urn die gegeniiberstehenden
auf/.unehmcn."

The shell -characters may be more narrowly defined as follows : —
Shell close, ovoid to orbicular, eq nival ve, inequilateral, posterior
side the shorter, more or less concentrically striate, thin, with
olive-horny periost.racum, sometimes, especially in young individuals
and certain species, sparsely covered with short hairs ; umbones
sometimes prominent, sometimes tumidly obtuse, nepionic shell
usually smooth ; ligament subexternal ; hinge formula* :

R.V. a./ : a, HI
L.V. :«.//:

R.V.

L.V.

cutt

Fig. 1. — Topography of the hinge of Pis idium : — R.V. Right valve; L.V. Left
valve ; a.i-in, anterior lateral teeth ; c.2-4, cardinal teeth ; I, ligament ;
p.i-in, posterior lateral teeth.

* Felix Bernard's nomenclature for the hinge (14) has been followed as
being the most scientific. R.V. = Right Valve ; L.V. = Left Valve; a=anterior
lateral teeth ; c=cardinal teeth ; /—ligament; and p= posterior lateral teeth.

Bernard points out that the hinge in the Eulamellibranchia arises in the
form of folds parallel with the shell-margin. With growth, deposits of shelly
matter at certain points eventuate in the formation of the teeth of the adult
shell. In the group to which Pisidium belongs, in the right valve <?..? is at
first continuous with a. in, and in the left valve, c. 2 with a. n, c. 4. with a subse-
quently suppressed a.ir. In the species of Pisidium subsequently described
in this Catalogue, it will be noted that all except P. amnicum and P. astartoides
show traces of the former continuity between c. 2 and a.n.

4 CATALOGUE OF

In common with most freshwater mollusca the various species
of Pisi dium are extremely susceptible to the influences of their
environment, and thus vary greatly in their external appearance
according to their habitat.

If instead of confining one's attention to the study of rows of
cabinet specimens from various localities, each too frequently
consisting of only some three specimens, the mixed gatherings of
species from different places be taken, it speedily becomes evident
how great is this effect of environment. In one locality, all the
species will exhibit less sculpturing than the normal forms ; in
another, more ; all may be dwarfed, or all abnormally large ;
occasionally one species in the gathering will show greater increase
in size over the average, while its associates are undersized ; or
exaggerated inflation may be the prevailing feature. Thickening,
or attenuation of the shell, or abnormalities, may likewise prove
characteristic of certain localities.

As Jeffreys remarks (and similar observations were made by
Jenyns and others): "Size, substance, sculpture, and lustre are
not of much account, as they mainly depend on the chemical
ingredients of the water inhabited by these mollusks, as well as on
their supply of food" (81, vol. i, p. 18).

In the course of the present investigations it was found that
each species varied in outline from what came to impress itself as
the normal form, towards a more rounded shape on the one hand
and a more elongate on the other, as well as to assume sometimes
a more swollen, sometimes a more flattened condition ; whilst the
hinges of those taken in quiet waters are feeble and weak, in
comparison with the hinges of those habitually dwelling in running
water.

Often, while it is comparatively easy to separate the individual
species in a given gathering (A, B, and C from locality X, or
locality Y), it is a matter of trouble to discriminate between
samples of different species from diverse localities (B from locality
X may he more like C from locality Y, and so on), if only the
external characteristics be depended on. When, moreover, col-
lections from the numerous post-tertiary deposits are examined,
the difficulty is enhanced, for then, swept together by the flood-
waters in which the deposits were formed, one meets Avith the
mixed rejectamenta of a wide area, where varying environments
abounded, whilst the amount of wear and tear the specimens have
frequently undergone does not render the task of their identification,
any the more easy.

The question arises, what then are the best characters to rely
on in distinguishing the species. Jeffreys (81, vol. i, p. 18)
recognized that little reliance could be placed on the soft parts —
or at all events on their external features. Nor would these avail
in the present investigations in which it is sought to deal equally
with fossil forms. The external form of the shell, on which
Jeffreys somewhat reluctantly depended, we have seen to be
unreliable. Fortunately the Pelecypod shell far more closely

SPKCIKS OF PISIDIUM. O

reflects the animal than does the Gastropod, and the muscle-scars
in some cases, though not, seemingly, in Pisidwm, and especially
the hinge furnish reliable data.

Bourguignat was, we believe, the first to insist on the utility of
the hinge for broadly classifying the species of Pisidium (21, p. 82),
but unfortunately he did not realise the applicability of its detailed
characteristics for the purpose of the determination of species.

Jeffreys, who was acquainted with Bourguignat's paper, over-
looked, or did not give sufficient heed to, the pregnant suggestion,
and it was Clessin (35) who first, in theory at all events, made
ti?e of the detailed hinge -characters for the determination of
species.

Under the circumstances, when entering upon the researches of
which the results are set forth in the following pages, it seemed
advisable to ignore in the first instance all names whatsoever, to
ascertain simply how many distinct forms of the genus could be
differentiated, taking the details of the hinge -structure as a
guide, and to leave the question of their final nomenclature till the
last.

Many thousands of specimens, recent and fossi', were studied ;
many hundreds of the recent forms had to be opened by boiling in
a test-tube in weak caustic soda, before they could be examined
under the microscope (1-in. objective), and a very large number of
the fossil forms had to be scrutinized three or four times, individually,
under a lens.

In the end seventeen well-marked forms were discriminated, of
which two are extinct, whilst one has not as yet been found, either
recent or fossil, in these Isles, although it possibly does occur,
thus leaving fourteen species known to be living in Britain.

To attempt subdivision of the genus and allot sectional names
on so few forms is to court disaster more complete than has
overtaken others with more extensive material to hand.

Clessin (35) divided the genus into three groups : —

1. FLUMJNINA, type : P. a-tnnicum, Mull.

2. KIVULINA, type : P. sujriinnn, Schmidt.

3. FOSSA IUXA, type : P. obtusale, C. Pfr.

His first group, as Sterki (166) has already shown, was based
on a misapprehension of the cardinal tooth of the light valve of
P. amnicam, which he thought was double ; whilst his other groups
prove to be incongruous mixtures.

Westerlund (184) followed Clessin, but added a totally un-
necessary fourth group for the " deep-water" forms.

Ball's grouping (49) unhappily docs not give promise of any
greater permanence, and one can only hope .that Dr. Sterki, who is
working at the American species, may, with the plentiful examples
at his command, be able to attain better results.

The seventeen forms in question in this paper are capable,
however, of being roughly classed. Thus P. antnicum and

6 CATALOGUE OF

P. astartoides stand by themselves distinct from the rest. P. caser-
tanum, P. nitidum, P. personatum, and P. pittillttm, with probably
P. milium, form a group of transitional forms, that is linked on
the one hand through P. pulcliellum with P. subtruncatum,
P. henslowanum, P. supinum, and P. parvulum ; and on the other
hand, through P. steenbuchii with P. lilljeborgii, P. liibemicum,
and P. obtusale. P. vincentianum, with its depressed ligament-pit,
is a form apart.

II. — HlSTOKY OF THE BRITISH SPECIES.

The history of the establishment of the several species here
recognized and the varying forms admitted by successive con-
chologists of note is briefly as follows : —

1774. 0. F. Miiller described (123), but did not figure, nor cite
any figure, his Tellina amnicum. Concerning the identity
of this species there fortunately is no doubt, although a
large synonymy now follows the name.

1791. Gmelin described (97) a form under the name of Tellina
pusilla, referring to a figure by Schroter. The description
is inadequate for modern purposes : the figure conveys the
impression of a strongly striate form, such as P. pulchellum
or a young P. amnicum, and the outline rather favours the
latter. The name was used by Turton, Brown and others
for any or all of the smaller species of the genus, and since
it is impossible to say what Gmelin's shell was, the use of
the name must date from Jenyns, who first circumscribed
the species, as we know it.

1795. Poli described (138) and figured Oardium casertamtm.
Neither figure nor description would enable one to identify
the species with certainty, but specimens sent me by Prof.
Bellini from the type locality, where it appears to be the
only species present, confirm the traditional belief on the
Continent that it is the same as Alder's P. cinereum.
1801. Draparnaud (51) created Cyclas fontinalis for certain forms
obviously belonging to Pisidiitm. His description is, how-
ever, too meagre, and his figures, published in 1805 (52,
pi. x.), too rough to enable one to say exactly what they were;
whilst, unfortunately, his specimens have been lost. If a
guess might be hazarded from the representations, it would
be that the type and var. y were P. casertanum, and the var. ft
one of the smaller species. The name has been largely
used on the Continent for forms identical with that taken
in these pages as P. casertanum (Poli). It would therefore
seem advisable to drop the name altogether.

Draparnaud's only other species referable to Pisidium
was his G. palustris, a synonym for P. amnicum.
1818. Lamarck (92) separated out a small tumid form to which
he gave the name Cyclas obtusalis. The description was

Sl'KCIKS OF PISIDITM. 7

not adequate, still it sufficiently fits the form to which
Jenyns subsequently applied it.

Lamarck's other two species referable to Pisidium are: —
Ci/clas obliqua ( = Pisidium amnicum) and Cyclas fontincilis.

1821. C. Pfeiffer (134) defined the genus Pisidium and placed in
it : — .1. P. obliquum (Lam.), 2. P. obtusale (Lam.), and 3.
/'. foniinale (Drap.). It is doubtful if the latter were the
same as Draparnaud's species, and the descriptions and
figures are equally vague.

1825. Sheppard (163) discovered and named Tellina Tienslowana.
His characterization leaves no doubt as to his species, which
i.-s never questioned.

1832. Jenyns published his classical memoir (83) from which dates
our present knowledge of the British Pisidia. He detected
two additional species, and had he only been aware of the
value of the hinge-characters, would certainly have added
more, for some of his species undoubtedly combined more
than one form. His descriptions are full, but the figures,
though beautifully drawn, are not accurate representations
from the scientific point of view, as a careful comparison
of tbem with original specimens at Bath showed. His
species were : —

1. P. obtusale, Pfeiffer.

2. P. pusillum, nobis.* (The extreme variety fig. 5

would probably, could it be
opened, prove to be P. per-
sonatum.)

3. P. nitidum, nobia.

4. P. fulcheUum, nobis , (Thege proyed

" •! examples of the oval form

"

,, var. 3. (This, as well known, proved

to be P. milium, Held.)

5. P. lienslowianum, nobis.*

,, var. /3. (This was a perfect speci-

men of P. subtruncatuiii.)

6. P. amnicum, nobis.*

Jenyns, when he wrote his paper, was not acquainted
with the form here designated P. casertaniim, but his
collection contains specimens of P. cinereum, Alder, sent
him by that naturalist, as well as P. yibba (seemingly an
oval form of P. nitidum) and P. fontinale (= siibtnui-
cntum), both from Alder, who in 1838 put them in Jeuyns'
pus'dlum.

* Jen yns adopted the current botanical method of nomenclature in which
the mime" of the author of the complete name, and not of the species only, is
given. The authors of the species appear in the sj-uoiiviny.

8 CATALOGUE OF

1830. Held, in his paper on Bavarian Mollusca (77). enumerated
Pfeiffer's species and added P. milium. His description
of this last is far too scanty for recognition, hut Clessin
saw the original specimen and depicted it in his Monograph,
and since the figure in that work is unmistakable, the
name is gladly accepted on his authority.

1840. Gray brought out an edition of Turton's " Manual " (176) in
which he accepted Jenyns' species and added P. citiereum,
Alder. Of P. pulchellum he remarked that Jenyns was
inclined to helieve that his var. 3 and c were " a distinct
species for which he would retain the name pulchellum,
while I would propose the name of P. jenynsii for the
other varieties " (p. 285). That is to say, if the specimens
under discussion were really the type examples in Jenyns'
collection, one of the worn specimens of P. subtruncatitm
and the P. milium were to become the types of P.pulclielhim,
whilst the original type and the other worn example of
P. subtruncatum were to constitute P. jcnynsii. This
forcible exchange of type is not recognized now-a-days, and
in the absence of specimens to show what Gray had before
him, or that this readjustment was anything more than
one on paper, Gray's name must lapse.

Probably the latter alternative was the case, for in 1858
(84, p. 105) Jenyns states that Gray proposed the name
P. jenynsii for the first of the three varieties of P. pul-
chellum (he had evident ly forgotten that by inference var. y
was included), and adds "but I do not believe now that
this variety is .... distinct from the var. (3 of my mono-
graph .... The variety which Dr. Gray has termed
jent/nsii differs from the more ordinary form of pulcJiellnm
by the striae being more deeply cut, and the shell being
broader in proportion to its length."

1842. M oiler published the description (115) of his Cyclas steen-
buchii from Greenland.

1843. Macgillivray in his account of the Mollusca of Scotland (104)

enumerates : —

1. P.joannis (n. sp.). 4. P. nitidum.

2. P. jenynsii. 5. P. pusillum.

3. P. pulchellum (var. ft, Jenyns). 6. P. amnicum.

Jenyns, whom he consulted, remarked of the first
species : — " This I believe to be the P. pulchellum, var. <i
of my monograph .... which Gray .... proposes should
be named P. jenynsii ; but they are much larger than
any specimens in my possession before .... If it is not
what I suppose it to be, it is new." (1C4, p. 249.)
Macgillivray treated it as such, but unfortunately his spe-
cimens have been lost, and since the species cannot
be identified with certain tv the name will have to he

SPECIES OF riSimtTM. 9

dropped. His description suggests one of the forms of
P. pitsillum. Jenyns assented to the determination of the
second species, but Macgillivray says "/*. jenij as ii and
P. pulchettum .... and all their varieties, I am almost
persuaded, are of one single species" (p. 251).

Macgillivray's third species, if it was identical with
Jenyns' specimen, would be P. subtruncaium.

1849. Forbes and Hanley published their classical work (63), and,

when treating of Pisidium, followed Jenyns, adding, of
course, P. cinereum, Alder. They cite Jenyns as having
reverted to the integritv of his P. pulchellitni, but at, the
same time shrewdly suggest that his var. $ " appears the
least connected with the rest." (Vol. ii, p. 129.)

1850. Schmidt (156) defined P. supinvm, but it was some years
before his species was recognized.

1852. The section of Dupuy's celebrated "Histoire" (£5) was
published containing the chapters on Pisi ilium. He dis-
tinguished 12 species, five of which have passed into
synonymy, the only item now of interest being that he
ranked Jenyns' P. pusillum as a synonym of \i\sP.fonli-
tiale.

1855. Malm (106), dealing with the Swedish non-marine Mollusca,
enumerated nine species, of which two, P. sultruncntum
and P. personatum, were new and of great importance,
inasmuch as it was failure to recognize these two forms
that led to much of the confusion into which the work of
British and other authors had been thrown. One of Malm's
species, which he believed to be new, P. arcceforme, is
identical with P. milinm.

1854. Bourguignat published a note on Pisidia (21), in which he

laid down the utility of the hinge as a basis for classifica-
tion. His species were those of Jenyns, with the addition
of P. casertanum (which, however, was made to include
pulchellum and the forms now referred to milium) and a new
species P. reclusianum, which Jeffreys considered (80. p. 39)
to be founded " on young specimens of P. hentlowianum
(var. pitlchelhtm')" but which rather suggest fry of
/'. amnicum.

1855. Gassies, in his description of the Fisidia of Aqnitaine (65),
raised the number of species to fourteen. Four of these
he supposed to be new, but they have passed into synonymy.

185(>. Moquin-Tandon in his well-known " Histoirc " (116)
acknowledged only six species : —

1. P. lien slou'd num. 4. P. niliihtm.

2. P. amnicum. 5. P. pusillum.

3. P. casertanum. (). P. olitusale.

He included Jenyns' P. piilcfu-Uum, and consequently
P. m Hi ton, under P. ccserUtnuin.

10

CATALOGUE OF

1857. Uaudon, the French Jenyns, in his careful " Essai " (9)
made partial use of the hinge for classification, but did not
avail himself of its details for the distinction of species, of
which he specified eight :—

1. P. olttusale. 5. P. casertanum.

"2. P. pusillum. 6. P. amnicum.

3. P. nitidum. 7. P. henslowanum.

4. P. gassiesianum [ = milium~\. 8. P. conicum [=.supinum~\.

He included the whole of Jenyns' P. pulchellam under
P. casertanum. Unfortunately Malm's work was not
known to him.

1858. Jenyns published some notes on the smaller species (84) in

which he modified certain of the conclusions he had
come to in his Monograph. He had received five specimens
agreeing exactly with his P. hensloivianum except in being
entirely destitute of the lamelliform projection on the
umbones, and was at first doubtful whether to refer them
to P. Jtenslowanum or P. pulcliellum. It has been pointed
out that in the case of both these species Jenyns had
included specimens of P. subtruncatnm to which obviously
the new finds belonged, and since he never made any
distinction, as is done to-day, between the type and varieties
of a species, he came to the conclusion that his P. hens-
lowianum and P. pulchellum should form one species, and
since the former was the older name it should " in future
be adopted as the general name for this species/' He
further considered the normal form of P. henslowianum thus
constituted would be that with out the appendicula? (p. 105),
and added (p. 106) that " if it be thought desirable still to
retain a name for that variety which is so peculiarly dis-
tinguished by the umbonal appendages it might be called
var. appendiculata"

This forcible dethronement of Sheppard's type, in which
the Jippendiculae formed its salient character, cannot of
course be entertained.

Jenyns also remarked in this paper (p. 106) " I am
inclined to think that the P. pusillum and P. cinereum are
not distinct."

He further cautioned collectors against deciding hastily
on any of these small bivalves, adding (p. 107): "This
remark applies especially to the P. nitidum, which in general
form is so similar to the P. pusillum."

1859. Early the following year Jeffreys, in his " Further Gleanings "
(80), published for the first time his conclusions as to the
species of Pisidium* These he reduced to five in number,
viz. : —

* He had already communicated them in the previous November to Jenyns,
as shown by extracts kindly made for me from the Jenyns Correspondence at
Bath by Major M. Connolly.

SPECIF? OF risiDirjr. 11

1. P. pusillum (including 4. P. Jiensloiviamtm (including

obtusale), piddieUum 'dudcinereum).

2. P. nitidum. 5. P. amnicum.
'3. P. roseum.

When it is considered that examples of P. subtmncatum
were intermixed with Jenyns' P. heiisloivianum and P. pul-
chellum, and that fine specimens of P. su.l/tnincutum do bear
some external resemblance (o P. cinereum, Jeffreys' No. 4 is
not so incomprehensible ; but what is to be said of his
association of two such distinct forms as P. pusillum and
P. obtusale ?

One feasible explanation appears to be that Jeffreys
unconsciously transposed Jen)'ns' P. obtusale and P. nitidum,
just as on the two occasions in which in his '• British
Conchology " (vol. i, pp. 32 & 38) he described the teeth
of L"nio, he in each case transposed the two valves and
described right for left and vice versa.

This hypothesis receives support from the discovery in
the T. Rogers collection of Pisidia (now in the writer's
possession) of two tubes marked " Pisidium nitidum from
J. G. Jeffreys " and " Pisidium nitidum, var. ylobosn,
J. G. Jeffr. (new) " (PI. XXX, f. 5), both containing speci-
mens indistinguishable from Jenyns' type specimen of
P. obtusale at Bath. Furthermore, in " British Conchology "
P. nitidum is classed by itself under the section " C.
Hound," which is exactly what Jenyns' P. obtusale is and
his P. nitidum is not. At the same time the confusion, if
such it be, is made worse by his retention of the descriptions
of some of the characteristic features as given by Jenyns
under the latter's names. On the other hand, ovate forms
of P. nitidum are externally very like some forms of
P. pusillum, as Jenyns especially pointed out in his notes
to which allusion has just been made, while there is little
doubt, though it was not possible to prove the fact by
opening them, undetected specimens of P. personatum were
intermixed with both.*

Jeff reys, however, did recognize the distinctness of Jenyns'
P. pidchellum, var. c and its identity with P. yassicssianurn
of Dupuy, but was less happy in attributing it to P. roseum,
Scholtz (PI. XIII, f. 9 ; XV, f. 11), solely on the supposed
identity of the colour of the animals, when he had never
seen Scholtz' specimens ; still, since the name of P. milium,
Held, has the prior claim, no more need be said. One
other fact of importance should be noted, namely, that
at this period, Jeffreys spoke of " P. fontinale of Pfeiffer
(our P. pusillum) '' (p. 38), and in Rogers' collection there

* Of two series of specimens in tbe Norman collection at the British
Museum, marked ''Pisidium nitidum. Examined by Jeffreys," one
[11)11. 10. 26: 7775-U3] was P. personal it ,,i and the other [1911.10.26;

7^2*5 —UYj P. pusilli'iit, immature and rather rounder than usual.

12 CATAT.OGTE OF

wis a tube marked " Pisidium pmillum large variety J. G.
Jeff." (PI. XIII, f. 2; XV, f. 12) containing typical
P. casertanum.*

1882. When the first volume of Jeffreys' " British Conchology "
appeared he still recognized five species of Pisi'lium, but the
collocation of the forms was not quite the same. The
new arrangement was as follows : — •

m . , f 1. P. (imnicum.

A. inangular < 0 „ /. .. 7

[ 2. P. fonttnale.

B. OvaJ. 3. P.p»sillum.

C. Hound. 4. P. nitidum.

D. Oblong. 5. P. roseum.

The change was that Jeffreys no longer considered
P. fonttnale to be a variety of P. pusillum, but reckoned it
a distinct species, pnttinti under it as varieties P. Jienslowi-
anum, P. pulcliellum, and P. cinereum.

With the substitution of the name P. milium for P. roseum
this arrangement has persisted down to quite recent times
in the history of British Conchology.

1863. lieeve, whose work (147) has not altogether received the

attention it merits, raised the number of species to seven
by according specific rank to P. obtusale, P. pulcltellum, and
P. hznsloivwnuin, whilst leaving P. milium, as represented
by some of its many names, under the synonymy of
P. pulchMum.

1864. E. von Martens (108) described, under the name of

P. anliffuum, a form from the Pleistocene of Siberia, that
was subsequently redescribed in 1880 by Sandborger from
the Cromerian of West liunton as P. astartoides. This form
had long been reckoned merely a variety of P. <imnicum.
Von Martens' name being preoccupied, Sandberger's stands
for the species.

1874-77. Clessin wrote that portion of his Monograph on the
Cycladea (35) which deals with Pisidium.

He advocated the employment of the hinge-characters in
the discrimination of the species, of which he admitted far
more than British authors would, although by no means so
lavish of them as some continental writers. He was
badly served by his printer, for the work abounds in typo-
graphical errors, and by his artist, for, with the exception
of P. milium, the coloured figures are distorted travesties
and the diagrams of the hinge-teeth incorrect.

1886. Cle.«sin (59) named P. Klljeborgii, a form recently met with
in Ireland.

1S1U. Westerlund (185) added an Irish species, P. hibernicum, to
the British List.

* Jenyns, si? alre;idy noted (nnle, p. 1(M. was inclined to refer Alder's
P. cinereum to his own 7'. pusilltiiH.

SPECIKS OP pisinitnr. 1

III. — LIST OF INDETERMINATE PAL^EARCTIC FORMS.

The following named species have not been dealt with in this
paper or relegated to synonymy, either because of the inadequate
descriptions given of them and the absence of the actual or
authenticated specimens on which to form an opinion concerning
them, or for other specified reasons : —

Pisidium acututn, m. : L. Pfeiffer, Arch. f. Naturg. vii, 1841, Bd. i,
p. 230.

Forbes and Hanley (63, vol. ii, p. 131 ) refer this to P. hensloic-
anum, and other writers have copied from them, but it is hard
to see the reason, especially when the author notes that it
seems more nearly allied to P. obliqunm \_=amnicuni] than to
P. font-indie.

Pisidium aspen', Cless. : Clessin in Suter, Malako/. Blatt., N. F. xi,
1889, p. 26. Zugersee, 200 in. Not afterwards referred to.

: P. milium, var. asperi, Cless. : Clessin in Suter, Malakoz.

Blatt., N. F. xi, 1889, p. 25 ; Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterrtich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 786, fig. Klb'usee, 27 m.

Whether the author considered this and the preceding species
to be identical or not does not appear.

Pisidium barbuzanum, Castro in coll.: Locard, Arch. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Lyon, vii, no. 1, p. 210.

This may be a dwarfed P. casertanum, or P. nitidum.

Pisidium ca»ariense, Shuttl. : Shuttleworth, Mitthl. Naturf. Gesell.
Bern, 1852, p. 146.

Pisidium charpentieri, m. ; Clessin, Moll,-Fauna Oesterreic h-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 787, fig.

Pisidium colbeaui, Clessin : Clessin in Ku'ster, Syst. Conch. -Cub. ix,
Abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 48, 1874, pi. v, f. 21-23.

Pisidium conventus, n. sp. ; Clessin, Malakoz. Blatt. 1877, p. 181.
May be P. nitidum.

Pisidium creplini, Dkr. : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii, p. 280.
Is a Sphcerium.

Pisidium dabneyi, nov. sp. : Guerne, Le Nat. ix, 1887, Ser. 11, p. 19o.
Is probably a Sph&rium.

Pisidium ddint/oli, Bivona: Villa, Disp. Syst. Conch. 1841, p. 44.
Is a Sphcerium.

Pisidium demissum, m. : Clessin, Correspond.-Bl. zool.-min. Yer.
Regensburg, xxviii, 1874, pr 182.

Pisidium diibrueili, nob. : Baudon, Rev. Sci. Nat. i, 1872, p. "0,
pi. iii, f. 1-4.

Pisidium duplication, m. : L. Pfeiffer, Arch. f. Naturg. vii, 1841,
Bd. i, p. 230.

Morch (119, p. 336) and Kreglinger (91, p. 362) mnlce
this a syriomm for P. nitidum. It was overlooked hy Forbes
and Hnnley, although its description follows that of P. amtinn.
Pfeiffer says that the species seems to be related to the Cydas
appcndicultita, Turt., with which he was unacquainted.

Cyclas fontinalis : Uraparnaud, Tabl. Moll. France, 1801, p. 105.
Probably in part P. casertunum (see pp. 6 & 33).

14 CATALOGUE OF

. : Clessin, Oorrespond.-Bl. zool.-min. Ver. IJegens-
burg, xxviii, 1874, p. 181.

May be either P: nitidum or P. personatinn.

Pisidium fragittimum, Clessin : Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oestetreich-
Ungarns, 189"), p. 780, fig,

Pisidinm futcum, Parr. : Parrys, Haidinger Berichte, vi, 1850,

p. 101 [n. n.].
Pisidittm futtereri, n. sp. : Clessiu in Futterer, Durch Asien, iii,

1903, p. 82.

Pisidium imfiittum, Clessin : Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oecterreich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 784, fig.

Pisidium imhq/i, in. : id., op. cit. p. 790, fig.

Pisidium fem/nsii: Gray in Turton, Manual Shells Brit. Is., new ed.,
1840, p. 285. (See ante, p. 8.)

Pisidium joannis : Macgillivray, Hist. Moll. Anim. Aberdeen, etc.,
1843, pp. 209 & 248. (See ante, p. 8.)

Pisidium kukenurense, n. sp. : Clessin in Futterer, Durch As!en, iii,
1903, p. 82.

Pisidium lateumbonatum, n. sp. : id., loc. cit.

Pisidium luyanvnse [n. sp.] : Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 789, fig.

Pisidinm lumstenianum, n. sp. : Forbes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ii,
1838, p. 255.

Proved when opened to be Laste.a rulra.

Pisidium miliolum, n. sp. : Clessin, Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz.
Gesell. xxxix, 1907, p. 8.

Cydus minima, mihi : Studer, Naturw. Anzeig. Allg. Schweiz.
'Gesell. gesammt. Naturw. iii, 1820, p. 93.

Kreglinger (91, p. 364) makes this a synonym for P. obtusale.

Pisidium minimum, nobis: Malzine, Me"m. Soc. Sci. Haiuault,
Ser. in, i, 1867, p. 298,

Probably fry : indeterminate.

Pisidium moitssonianum, m. : Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreich-
Ungarns, J890, p. 787, fig.

Pisidium obliquatum, n. sp. ; Clessin in Futterer, Durch Asien, iii,
1903, p. 82.

Pisidium obtusatum, Clessin : Clessin in Kiister, Syst. Conch.-Cab.
ix, Abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 41, 1875, pi. iv, f. 19-21.

Pisidium occupatum, n. sp. : Clessin, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat.,
Sex. u, xiv, p. 237, pi. iii, f. 4.
May be P. nitidum.

Pisidium olivetorum [n. sp.] : Be"renguier, Essai Faune Malac. Var,
1883, p. 91. [Fide Locard, Coq. Eaux douces France, 1893,
p. 143.]

Pisidium ovale, n. sp. : Clessin in Futterer, Durch Asien, iii, 1903,
p. 82.

Pisidium piattii, nov. sp. : Adami, Bull. Soc. Malac. Ital. xi. 1885,
p. 231, f. 15.

SPKCIKS OF PISIDIUM. 15

Pisidium profiaitlum, n. sp. ; Clessin, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nut.,
Ser. n, xiv, p. 239, pi. iii. f. 5.

May be either P. nitidum or P. personation.

Piridivm prokngatum, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakoz. Bliitt. 1877, p. 180,
pi. iii, f. G.

Said to be near P. occupatum. May be P. nitidiim or P. *ub-
tnincutuni.

Pisidium prolong atum, Clessin: Clessin in Suter, Zool. Anz. iii,
1830, p. 208 [n. n.] ; Clessiu, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreicli-Uugarns,
1890, p. 785, fig.

An obviously different species to the preceding.

Pisidium quadrangulum, Clessin ; Clessiu, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 781, fig.

Pisidium rambottianum, nov. sp. : Adaiui, Bull. Soc. Malac. Ital. vii,
1881, p. 200.

The author says it has some affinity with " subtruncaium,
Jen." !

Pisidium reclttsianum, nobis : Bourguignat, Journ. de Conch, iii,
1852, p. 174, pi. viii, f. 8 a-d.

Jeffreys (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. in, iii, 1859, p. 39)
refers this to " young specimens of P. hemdotcianum (var. pul-
cJielluni)" but it is too flat and not round enough. More
probably it is fry of P. amnicum.

Pisidium rechizianum, Bourg. : Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise,
Beauvais, iii, 1857, p. 53 [nou Bourg.].

Jeffreys (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. in, iii, 1859, p. 38)
determined this to be Turtonia minuta, to which Baudon
assented (Jouru. de Conchyl. viii, 1860, p. 179).

Pisidium rotundum, P. de Cess. : Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Creuse,
ii, 1855, pp. 73-77.
An abnormality.

Pisidium schmidti, n. sp. : Clessin, Nachrichtsbl. Deutsch. Malakoz.
Gesell. xxxix, 1907, p. 8.

Pisidium sinuatum, Bourg. : Bourgnignat in Petit de La Saussaye,
Journ.de Conch, ii, 1851, p. 421 note ; id., op. cit. iii, 1852, p. 49r
pi. i, f. 6-10. [Figure suggests fractured P. amnicum.^

Bandon (Journ. de Conch, iv, 1853, pp. 277-279) refers it to
P. easertanum.

Pisidium studeri, Clessin : Clessin, Moll.-Fauua Oesterreich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 782, tig.

Pisidium submersum, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakoz. Bliitt. 1877, p. 179,
pi. iii, f. 6.

May be P. subtruncatum.

Pisidium tritonis, Clessin.: Clessin, Moll.-Fauna Oesterreich-
Ungarns, 1890, p. 783, fig.

Pinidium urinator, n. sp. : Clessin, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., Ser. n,
xiv, p. 236, pi. iii, f. 3.
May be P. pusillum,

Pisidium watsoni, Paiva : Baron de Paiva, Journ. de Conchyl. xiv.
1866, p. 340, pi. xi, f. 3.

Probably P. casertamtm.

CATALOGUE OF

IV. — DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES KECOGXIZED.
1. Pisidium amnicum (Midler).

[Pis. I, f. 1; III, f. 1 ; V-IX.]

1774. Tellina amnica : M tiller, Verm, IILst. ii, p. 205.

1797. Tellina ricalis : Maton, Trans. Linn. Soc. iii, p. 44, pi. xiii, f. 37,

38.

1801. C'yclas palustrift : Draparnaud, Tabl. Moll. p. 106.
1803. Cardium amnicum, Mull. : Montagu, Test. Brit. p. 86.
1813? Ci/clas amnica, Mull. : Fleming, Edinb. Encyclop. vii, p. 92.
1818. Ct/clas oblunta [n. sp.]: Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert, v, p. 559.
1821. Pisidium obliquum, Lam.: C. Pfeiffer, Naturg. Deutsch. Moll, i,

p. 124, pi. v, f. 19, 20.
1832. Pisidium amnicum, Mull. : Jenvns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 309, pi. xix, f. 2.
1838. Pisidium iiiflatum: Megerle in Porro, Maine. Comasca, p. 121,

pi. ii, f. 13 : cites : — " Syn. Ci/clas pfnjfo-i, Zeigler (set-. Stcnx.)."
1849. Pisidium amnicum, Jemns : G assies, Tabl. Moll. Agenais, p. 208.
1852. Pera henslowlana : Leach, Moll. Brit. Syiiop. p. 291.

- Pera amnica ( • -. .. ono

- Pera fluviatilis \ ld'» °- Clt" - 292'

Cordula amnica : id., op. cit. p. 293.

1854. Pisum amnicum, Mull.: Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii

p. 274.

1855. Pisidium intermedium, nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,

xx, p. 338, pi. i, f. 4. (6y. id., Journ. de Conch, v, 1850,

p. 143.)
1858. Muscuhum amnicum, Hiill. : Adaii's, Gen. liec. Moll, ii, p. 451 .

(Pisum amnicum, id., op. cit. p. 060.)
1879? Pisidium alien-urn, n. sp. : Clessin in Kiister, Syst. Conch.-Cab.

ix, Abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 269, pi. xli, f. 3-5.
1830. Pisidium amnicum, var. noca [n. v.]: Paulucci, Bull. Soc. Malac.

Ital, vi, p. 176.

1887. Pisidium elonyatum (olim amnicum, var. elonyata, Baud.) : Servain,

Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, p. 252.

1888. Pisidium danuhiule (Bourg. in coll.): Servain, Bull. Soc. Malac,

France, v, p. 313.

1 893. Pisidium depressum I n. spp. : Locard, Coquil. Eaux donees
- Pisidium transversum \ France, p. 1 40.

1902. Pisidium baicalense, n. sp. : Dybowski, Nachrichtfbl. Deutsch.

Malakoz. (Resell, xxxiv, p. 93; Rossmassler, Icon., N. F. x,
f. 1814.

1903. Corneoc.yclas (Pisidium) amnica, Mull. : Dall, Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington, xvi, p. 7.

1909. Pisidium subtilestriatum, n. sp. [ = var. nova, Paul.] : Lindholiu
in Korotneflj Wissensch. Ergebu. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, iv,
p. 84, pi. ii.

Fortunately there is no doubt about the identity of this species,
which was first described as British by Dr. Maton in 1797.

SPECIES OF PISiniUM. 17

M tiller's original description (123, ii, p. 205) is as follows : —

" Tellina testa subcordiformi, transversim sulcatas umboue
obtuso .... diam. 1-5 lin.

Testa minus globosa, umbonesque minus gibbi, quarn in
T. rivcili \_=Spluer. corneuni], quam maxime refert ; alba,
fusca & lutea variat; costa nigricans sirailiter in hac, in
quibusdam duplex, simplex vel nulla ; lineis transversim
elevatis quasi imbricata, intus glabra, subcrerulea.

Cardinis denticuli sex vel octo cum fossulis excipientibus,
in altera nempe valvula utrinque dens solitarius, ac medio
cardine denticuli duo, approximate; in altera utrinque denti-
culi duo. Testae juniorum Candida?, pellucidoc."

To this it may be well to add Jenyns' fuller description (83,
p. 310) of the exterior of the shell, that stands in need of no
further amplification so far as regards British forms : —

" Testa paulo variabilis, ovalis, vel oblique trigona, distincte
inaequilateralis, ventricosa, antice planiuscula, pulchre stria ta
hie -et illic sulcis profnndioribus ; cinerascenti-fusca, maculis
et zona marginali lata pallidioribus, interduni nitide lutes-
centibus ; rarius omnino fuscesceus aut lutescens ; intus
ca3rulescens : umbones obtusi, sorde ferruginea .... stepo
incrustati."

On the other hand, a more detailed diagnosis of the hinge is
necessary : —

Hinge (PL I, f. 1 ; III, f. 1) a little more than f the length
of the shell, wide, solid, and projecting well inwards ; moderately
curved.

11. Y. a. i. a little more than 1 the length of the hinge-line, stout,
curving inwards ; base strong and swollen ; apex on
distal side of centre, prominent, bluntly obtuse ; ridges
rounded, distal sloping at first steeply, then very
gradually, umbonal descending fairly steeply to a lower
level than the distal.

a. in. about | the length of a./., from which it is separated
by a deep fossa, somewhat apposed to the shell-margin ;
base becoming confluent with that of a. I. towards the
umbo ; ape.v on distal side of centre, moderately
prominent ; ridges fairly sharp-edged and steep.
3. prominent, sharply flexed and deeply notched under
the umbo. a lamelliform, sharp, higher towards the
middle, running diagonally forward from the umbo, at
a high angle, half across the hinge-plate, b spreading
out in triangular form from the umbo to the inner
margin of the hinge-plate, its sides rising in ridges

c

18 CATALOGUE OP

above the centre and giving the appearance of two,
divergent teeth.

p. I. less than g the length of the hinge-line, strong, with
scarcely perceptible inward curvature; base strong but
not much swollen ; apex near the distal end not very
prominent, obtuse ; ridges slight!)- rounded, umbonal
very long, with gradual slope, distal short, and fairly
steep.

p. iff, about ;| the length of p. /., narrow ; apex at distal end ;
ridges fairly sharp, umbonal sloping gradually, distal
very steeply.

L.V. a. ii. long, a little more than 3 the length of the hinge-line,
stout, with a slight inward curvature; base strong, not
much swollen ; apexdisteA. side of centre, very prominent,
conical, blunt ; ridge* fairly sharp, distal short and very
steep, umbonal a little longer and less steep.

2. not very prominent, triangular, fairly sharp-pointed ;
apex curving outwards and pointing to the urabo ;
margins raised into ridges, that sometimes give it the
appearance of two divergent teeth, separated by a deep
triangular fossa from : —

4. not very prominent, narrow, sharp, slightly wedge-
shaped, running diagonally acrcss the hinge-plate to
near the inner margin.

p. IT. not quite ^ the length of the hinge-line, strong and
narrow, curving with the shell-margin; base strong,
only slightly swollen ; apex near the distal end, slightly
prominent and distally directed; ridges round-edged,
umbonal long with fairly gradual slope, distal very
short and exceedingly steep.

Dimensions. — Long. 11, Alt. 9, Crass. 6-2 mm. These founded
on a British specimen, from an unknown locality, are slightly
greater than those given by Jenyns, but a specimen from Berlin
(PI. V, f. 16) attains H'7x8-2x6-4 mm., whilst an example from
the Pleistocene at Grays (Essex) measures 11'7 X 8-7x7*8 mm.

Jenyns (83, p. 310) discriminated two varieties according to the
strength or the reverse of the striaD, but these distinctions cannot
now be accepted as of any material importance, for the intensity
of the strias varies with the locality. Those from the Thames near
London are very strongly striate (PI. V, f. 11), and still more so
are certain examples from the Pleistocene of Grays (PI. V, f. 9)
which intermingled with specimens of P. astartoides (PI. V, f. 10)
were cited in literature under the name of P. sulcatum or P. amnicum,
var. sulcata (cf. S. V. Wood, 189, ii, p. 110). On the other hand,
the var. nova, Paul., from St. Canzian, Ober Krain (PI. V, f. 17 c),
tends to bo nearly smooth.

The usual rounded-oval outline may, especially in immature

SPECIES OP PISIDIOI. 19

shells, give place to an elongate oval with comparatively central
umbo (PL V, f. 12 b & d) or to an elongate form with posteriorly
placed umbo as in var. elongata (PI. V, f. 16), or assume a trigonal
outline as in var. nova (PI. V, f. 17 d) and certain examples from
the Pleistocene of Grays (PI. VI, f. 4k, t, u ; IX, f. 9). Normally
it is a fairly tumid shell (PI. V, f. 1 & 2), but is sometimes com-
paratively flattened (PI. V. f. 3), or in the case of var. danubialis,
Servairi (PI. V, f. 7 & 8) very swollen.

This last-named variety was first pointed out from the Thames
Valley deposits by the late Dr. Boettger in correspondence.

It is longer, narrower and very much more ventricose (ll'5x
8'8 x 8 mm.) in the adult stage, although rounder in the very young
stages than the type. Indeed the very young stages bear a close
resemblance to juvenile P. nitidum, and slightly older examples to
P. subtruncatum, in dentition as well as outline. It is less strongly
striate than the typical examples in the same bed, and much more
inequilateral owing to the greater truncation of the posterior end,
whilst the umbones, especially in the young shells, are more
rounded and prominent. The hinge-plate is also narrower, and
there are minor differences in the dentition of the immature shells.
Suites are very easily picked out (PI. VI, f. 3 ; VII, f. 3 & 4 ; IX,
f. 2, 5-7) and contrast well with similar series of the typical forms
from the same localities (PI. VI, f. 1 ; VII, f. 1 & 2 ; IX, f. 3 & 4),
but linking forms are also met with (PI. VI, f. 2).

The only pearl I have seen in a Pisidium is in a specimen of
this variety from the Pleistocene deposits of Crayford-Erith
(PI. IX, f. 7c).

The trigonal variant above alluded to from the Pleistocene ot
Grays is probably the result of dwarfing brought about by un-
congenial environment, since it grades into the type (PI. VI, f. 4).
The most pronounced specimens are cardiform in shape and
subtriangular in lateral outline, with exceedingly heavy hinge
(PI. IX, f. 9), suggesting at first sight very large examples of
P. supinum : two of these measure 7 X 6 x 5-4 and 6 x 5'5 x 4-0 mm.
respectively.

The var. nova, Paul. (132, p. 17G), is the form that in its adult
state departs most widely from the type. Both in external outline
and sculpturing (PI. V, f. 17 d) and to a less extent in its hinge
(PI. VIII, f. 2) it shows a curious approach to P. casertanum, but
in the younger shells (PI. V, f. 17 a & b) the suggested resemblance
is much less strong, whilst the embryos which I obtained from an
individual kindly sent me by Herr Lindholm from the district of
Lake Baikal (as P. sid>tilestriatum, Lindh., 95, p. 84) are precisely
similar to those of the type form.

c2

KEY TO THE SYMBOLS FORMING THE MAP*

A. =Anglesey.

HD. =Haddington.

PC, =Perth, South (or West)

AM. = Argyll, Main.

HF. = Hereford.

+ Clackmannan.

AN, (Scot.)=Aberdeen, North.

HT. = Herts.

PE, -Peebles.

AN. (Ire.) =Antrim.

HU.= Hunts.

PM. = Perth, Mid.

AR. =Armagh.

PN, = „ North (or East).

AS. ^Aberdeen, South.

I. = Islay, etc. (Ebudes, S.).

AY. = Ayr.

|M. =1. of Man.

QC, = Queen's County.

IW. =1- of Wight.

B. =Bute, Arran and Clyde

RA. =Radnor.

Is.

KB. = Kirkcudbright.

RE. =Eoss, East.

BD. = Beds.

KC. = King's County.

RF, =Benfrew.

BF, = Banff.

KD. =Kildare,

RO. =Roscommon.

BK. = Berks.

KF. =Kinross+Fife.

RW. = Ross, West.

BR. = Brecon.

Kl. —Kincardine.

RX, =Roxburgh.

BW. = Berwick.

KK. =Kilkenny.

BX. = Buck 9.

8. =1. of Skye, etc. (Ebudes,

CA. = Caithness.
CB. ^Cambridge.
CD. = Cardigan.
CH = Cheshire.

T = London Postal District.
L, =Lundy I.
LA. —Lanark.
LD. =Londonderry.

North).
SC. ^Scilly Is.
SD. = South Devon.
SE. = South Essex.

Q| = Channel Is.

LE. =Leitrim.

8G. (Scot.)=Stirling.

CL = Clare.

LF, = Longford.

86 (Ire.) =SouthGalway.

CM. = Caermarthen.

LH. =Louth.
LK, = Limerick.

8H. =South Hants.
81. =Shetlands.

CR. =CaernarTon.
CT — Cantire.

LL- =Linlithgow.

8K.(Scot.)-8elkirk.

CU. = Cumberland.
Qy = Cavan.

LN, =Lincoln, North.
LR, = Leicester+Uutland.

SK,(lre.) =South Kerry.
8L. (Fng.) = South Lanes.

CW = Carlo w.

L8. = Lincoln, South.

SL. (Ire.) =Sligo.

SN, =SouthNorthumberland.

OB. =Denbigh-
DF. = Dumfries.
DM. = Durham.
DN. = Dumbarton.

M. =Mull. etc. (Ebndes,
Mid.).
MC. =Mid Cork.
ME. =Meath.

8P, =Salop.
8R. =Surrey.
88. (Eng ) =Sonth Somerset.
88, (Scot.) = South (or West)

DO. = Down.
DT. =Dorset.
DU = Dublin.

M6. = Montgomery.
ML, = Mid. (or West) Lanes.
MM, = Monmouth.

Sutherland.
ST. (Eng.)=Stafford.
ST. (Ire.) =South Tipperary.

DY. = Derby.

MN. =Merioneth.
MO, =Mon.r\ghan.

SW. = South Wilts.
8Y. =South-east Yorks.

EC. (Eng.) = East Cornwall.

MX. = Middlesex.

EC. (Ire.) = East Cork.

MY. -Mid. West Yorks.

TY. =Tyrone.

ED. (Scot.) = Edinburgh.

ED. (Ire.) = East Donegal.

ND. = North Devon.

WA. =Waterford.

El. =East Inverness.

NE. = North Essex.

WC.(Eng.) = West Cornwall.

EL. =Elgin.

NG, -North Gal way.

WC. (Ire.) = West Cork.

EK. =East Kent.

NH. = North Hants.

WD.=West Donegal.

EM. =East Mayo.

NK. -North Kerry.

WG. =West Galway.

EN. = East Norfolk.

NM. - Notts.

WH, =Westmeath.

ES. = East Suftolk.

NN, =North Northumberland.

Wl. (Scot.) = West Inverness.

EX. = Fast Sussex.

NO. =Northants.

WI.(Ire.)=Wicklow.

EY. =North-east Yorks.

NS, (Eng.) =North Fomerset.

WK.= West Kent.

N8. (Scot) = North (or East)

WL. =Westmorland.

FE. =Fermanagh.

Sutherland.

WM. = West Mil vo.

FF. = Forfar.

NT, =North Tipperary.

WN. =West Norfolk.

FT. =Flint.

NW. = North Wilts.

WO, = Worcester.

NY. =North-west Yorks.

WS. =West Suffolk.

GE, =Gloucester, East.

WT, =Wigton.

GM. = Glamorgan.

01, =Orkney3.

WW,= Warwick.

GW, -Gloucester, West.

OX. = Ox ford.

WX. (Eng.)=West Sussex.

WX. (Ire.) =Wexford.

HB. = Hebrides.

PB. = Pembroke.

WY. = South-west Yorks.

* The maps and symbols for the vice-counties have been drawn up in accordance with
those agreed upon by the British Association Committee for "The formation of a definite
System ou which Collectors should record their Captures.'' (Secy. F. Balfour Urowne, Esq. )

CATALOGUE OF SPECIES OF riSIDIOI. 21

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

NS CA
HB 83

WM

RW RE EL
' Wl El PN

AM PM FF
M
DN SG PC

1 CT ' RF LL
AY LA
WD ED LO AN WT KB OF
FE TV AR 00

8L LE MO

BF
AS
Kl
KF
ED
PE
SK
CU

AN

HO

BW
RX
WL
ML

NN
SN
NY
MY

DM
EY

EM

RO CV LH

SL

WY

SY

LN

WG

NG

LF WH ME

CR OB

FT

CH

DY

NM

LS

SG

KC KD OU

MN

MG

SP

ST

LR

£B

WN EH

CL

NT

QC CW Wl

CD

RA

HF

wo

WW

NO

HU WS |J

NK

LK

ST

KK WX

PB CM

BR

GE

ox

BX

BD

LT !LE

SK

MC

EC

WA

8M

MM

GW

NW

BJ

MX

SJ

WC

NS

SW

NH

SR!

-WK £K

L

NO

SS

DT

S_H

WX

EX

EC

SO

IW

SC WC

Cl
Pisidium ainnictnn.

('Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND,

LONDON.— iL

Battersea [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 1-20].
BKHKSHIRE.— BK. [C. C. 8.]
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Eton (River Thames) [J. E. C.] : Denham [J. E. C.] ; Ilalton

Canal [J. E. C.] ; near Leighron Buzzard [J. E. C.].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Cambridge [Gray Coll., KM. 1912. 12. 5 : 21-32 & 1912. 12. 13 :

91-100, both as Pera lietisloivana].

22 CATALOGUE OF

CHESHIRE. — CH.

Beeston Castle (Shrops. Union Canal) [C. 0.] ; Bickley (Elles-

mere) [C. 0.] ; Brooklands [C. 0.] ; Marple (Peak Forest Canal)

[C. 0.] ; near New Mills.
CORNWALL, WEST. — WC. [Marquand, 107.]
DERBYSHIRE. — DY.

Dovedale [C. 0.] ; Matlock Bridge [A. S. K.].
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — SD«

Exeter (Canal) [C. 0.] ; Newton Abbot (Canal) [B. B. W.].
DORSET.— DT. [C. C. S.]
DURHAM. — DM.

Stockton [Alder, 6].
ESSEX, NORTH.— NE. [C. C. S.]
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Buckhurst Hill (II. Reeling) [C. 0.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Bristol District [Leipncr, 94].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

11. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10.26; 7523-56]
HEREFORDSHIRE. — HP. [Boycott & Bowoll.]
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Broxbourne [A. S. K.] [J. E. C.I ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.].
KENT, EAST. — EK.

Medway, II. [A. S. K.].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Bexley [B.M. 41. 5. 17 : 127-152]; Bromley (R. Ravens-
bourne) [A. S. K.] ; Catford [J. E. C.] ; Medway, R. [A. S. K.] ;

Sissinghurst [A. S. K.]; Yalding [A. S. K.]
LANCASHIRE, MID.— ML. [C. C. S.]
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL.

Bolton (Canal) [T. R.] ; Hollinwood (Canal) [C. 0.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylestone (Union Canal) [C. 0.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Alvingham (Lonth Canal) [C. S. C.] ; Bardney (R. Witham)

[C. S. C.] ; Louth [C. S. C.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, SOUTH. — LS.

Bardney (11. Witham) [C. S. C.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Passim [J. E. C.].
NORFOLK, EAST.— EN. * [C. C. S.]
NORFOLK, WEST. — WN.

Hunstanton [J. E. C.].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO. [C. C. S.]
NORTHUMBERLAND, SOUTH. — SN. [C. C. S.]
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM. [C. C. S.]
OXFORDSHIRE.— OX. [C. C. S.]
SHROPSHIRE. — SP. [Buddicom, 28.]
SOMERSET, NORTH. NS.

Bristol district [Leipncr, 94].

SPECIES OF riSIIHUM.

23

SOMERSET, SOUTH. — S3. [C. C. S.]
STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Froghall (Caual) [C. 0.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Wenhaston [J. E. C.J.
SUFFOLK, WEST.— WS. [Mayfield, 111.]
SURREY.— SR.

Byfleet f J. E. C.] ; Thames Ditton [J. E. C.J ; Chcrtsey Mead

[13. 13. W.]

S USSEX, EAST. — EX. [Jcnner.]
SUSSEX, WEST.— WX. [C. C. S.]
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Sutton Coldfield [H. 0.].
WESTMORLAND. — WL.

Hale Moss, Burton in Kendal [J. W. J.].
YORKSHIRE, MID-WEST. — MY.

Malham Tarn [A. S. K.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 91-94J.
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EY.

York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 91-94].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-WEST.- NY. [C. C. S.]
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-EAST. — SY.

York [B.M. 40.10.9: 91-94].

WALES.

BRECON.— BR. [C. C. S.]
PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.
Teriby [C. S.].

SCOTLAND.

DUMBABTON.— DN. [C. C. S.]

HADDINGTONSHIRE. — HD.

11. Tyne, below E. Linton [Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1911, p. 184].
PERTHSHIRE, MID. — PM.

Towns Lade, Perth [Trans. Perth Soc. Nat. Sci. v, 1910, Proc.

p. lix].

PERTH, SOUTH.— PC. [C. C. S.]
STIRLING.— SO. [C. C. S.]

IRELAND.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Antrim [D. M.] ; Neagh, L. [C. S.].
ARMAGH. — AR. [Stelfox, 165.]
CARLOW.— CW.

Tiunahinch [E. A. P.].
CVYAN.— CV. [Stelfox, 165.]
CLARE.— CL. [Stelfox, 165.]
CORK, EAST.— EC. [Stelfox, 165.]

24 CATALOGUE OF

CORK, MID.— MC. [Stelfox, 165.]
DOWN.— DO. [Stelfox, 165.]
DUBLIN. — DU.

Dublin (Giand Canal) [D. M.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Enniskillen [A. S. K.] ; Erne, L. [H. T.].
GALWAY, NORTH.— NG. [Stelfox, 165.]
GALVVAY, SOUTH. — SG.

Ballinasloe [11. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [K. A. P.].
KERRY, NORTH. — NK.

Crotta House [D. M.].
KILDARB. - KD. [Stelfox, 165.]
KILKENNY.— KK. [Stelfox, 165.]
KING'S COUNTY.— KC. [Stelfox, 165.]
LIMERICK. — LK.

Limerick [D. M.]

LONDONDERRY. — LD. [Stelfox, 165.]
LONGFORD. — LF. [Stelfox, 165.]
Lourir.— LH. [C. C. S.]
HEATH.- ME. [Stelfox, 185.]
QUEEN'S COUNTY. — ftC. [Stelfox, 165.]

Itathdowney [11. A. P.].
lloscoMMON.— RO. [Stelfox, 165.]
TIPPERARY, NORTH.— NT. [Stelfox, 165.]
TYRONE.— TY. [Stelfox, 165.]
WESTMEATH.— WH. [Stelfox, 165.]

FOSSIL.
HOLOCENE.

LONDON. — fL

Albert Docks [B.H.— L. 6727] ; Blackfriars [B.M.— L. 6745] ;
between Canning Town and Stratford [B.M. 10045] ; Chingford
[A. S. K.] ; Fulham (Betteridge Koad) [B.H.— L. G740] ; llford
[A. S. K.]; Lady well, Lewisham [A. S. K.] ; Lea Marshes [B.M. —
L. 10035] ; Lea Valley [B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6735, 6751] ; N.E.
London [B.M.— L. 5717-18, 5720, 5805] ; New Scotland Yard
[B. B. W.] ; Walthamstow [A. S. K.] ; West India Docks
[M. P. G.] ; Westminster [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 7570] ; Shand
Street, Tooley Street [A. S. K.]: Thames Valley [B.M.— L. 333] ;
Victoria Docks [M. P. G.].

BERKSHIRE.— BK.

Kennet Valley, Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.—
L. 7933] ; Wallingford [A. S. K.].

ESSFX, NORTH. — NE.
Harwich [A. S. K.].

ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Dagenham [A. S. K.] ; llford [A. S. K.].

SPECIES OF PIS1DIUM. 25

GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-oii-Severn [A. S. K.].
HAMPSHTBK, NORTH. — NH.

Bentley [A. S. K.].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

Southampton [Kemp, 86, p. 89].

II UNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
KEXT, EAST. — EK.

Fuvershara [M. P. G.].
KENT, WEST.— WZ.

Near East Farleigh [A. S. K.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Brentford [B.M.— L. 7636]; Uxbridge [A. S. K.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Clifton Hatnpden [A. S. K.] ; Wargrave [A. S. K.].
SOMERSET, NORTH. — NS.

Castle Carey [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, EAST — ES.

Alcleburgh [B. B. W.] ; Blythburgh [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Knettishall [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6473].

IRELAND.

GALWAY, SOUTH. — SG.
Portumna [A. S. K.].

AGE DOUBTFUL.

BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Bedford [B.M.— L. 6733],

C A Jl BRIDG ESH1RE. — CB.

Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23949].
NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

Bacton [B.M.— L. 16486-98 pars'].
SUFFOLK, EAST.— ES.

Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.H.— L. 23977 & 23981].

PLEISTOCENE.

LONDON. — It.

Clapton [B. B. W.] ; Fulham (Betteridge ttd.) [B. B. W.] ;

Hackney [B. B. W.] ; St. James' Square [B.M.— L. 14878];

Shacklewell Lane [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14624, 23971] ;

Spring Gardens (Admiralty) [B.M.— L. 14884]; Stoke Newington

[B. B. W.] ; Westminster [B. B. W.].
BEDFORDSHIRE — BD.

Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23959],

26 CATALOGUE OF

CAMBKfDGESHIKE. CB.

Barnwell [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. 48219 ; L. 328, 332,
334, 5706" & 5708] [M. P. G.] ; Barrington [B.M.— L. 5711]

[A. S. K.] ; Grautchester [S. M. C.].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6684] [M. P. G.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— 23456 & 44553] [M. P. G.] ;

Ilford [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6699 & 10040] [M. P. G,].
HUNTINGDON. — HU.

Overton Watervillo [S. M. C.] ; Woodston [C. E. Y. K.].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crayford and Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6693,

6708, 6740, 6741, 13218 & 18607] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe

[A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Brentford [B. B. W.] ; Bonder's End [A. S. K.] ; Twickenham

[B.M.— L. 9510].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Overton Longville [Presfcwich Coll. : B.M.— L. 23965].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Hoxne [B.M.— L. 6723-24] [A. S. K.] ; Stutton [A. S. K.]

[M. P. G.].
SUSSEX, WEST. — WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Fisherton [B.M.— L. 6717].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Cropthorne [B.M. —

L. 6731] [M. P. G.].

CROME1UAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

Sidestrand [M. P. G.] ; West Bunion [A. S. K. & B. B. W.]

[M. P. G.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Kessiugland [M. P. G.].

PLIOCENE (Weybourian).

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

East Bunton [M. P. G.] ; North Walsham [M. P. G.].

PLIOCENE (Norwich Crag).

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

Bramerton Common [N. M.] [S. V. Wood Coll.: B.M.— L. 4540]
[M. P. G.] , Thorpe, near Norwich.

SPECIES OF P1SIDIVM. 27

SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Beccles [Crowfoot] ; Bulchamp [S. P. Woodward] ; South wold
[S. V. Wood].

On the Continent this species occurs living throughout Europe
as far south as Naples (12, p. 43), and eastwards extends through
Siberia north of the Altai to Lake Baikal, whence it has heen
described under the name of P. laicalense and its variety nova as
P. subtilestriatum, Lindholm (95, p. 84). It has further heen
recorded from Algiers hy Morelet (122, p. 298).

In the fossil state it has been reported from the Holocene of
Germany [Sandberger (154, p. 951)] ; the Holocene and Pleistocene
of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] ; the Pleistocene of Gorkum,
Holland [Harting (76, p. 117), Lorie (101, p. 163)] *, the Pleisto-
cene (Campinien) of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat., Brussels]; the
Pleistocene (Mosbacher Sand) of Mosbach vor Biebrich (near
Wiesbaden) [Sandberger (154, p. 951), A. Braun (23, p. 144), and
Prestwich Coll., B.M. 48212], of Hohensachsen and Pilgerhaus (near
Weinheim-an-der-Bergstrasse) [Wiist Coll.], and of Mauer (near
Heidelberg) [Geyer (69, p. 96)]. Also in France from the Upper
Pliocene of Bligny (near Dijon), the Loess at Menchecourt (Pleisto-
cene) [Prestwich Coll., B.M. — L. 14874-76] and the sands at
St. Acheul [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14877], and from Charonne,
near Paris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23984].

2. Pisidium astartoides, Sandberger.
[Pis. I, f. 2 ; III, f. 2 ; V, f. 10 ; X-X1L]

1840. Cydas (Pisidium) amnica, var. ? : Lyell, Lond. & Edinb. Phil.

Mag. Ser. in, xvi, pp. 363 & 364, tigs. ; id., Antiq. Man, 1863,

p. 217, figs. p. 218.
1851. Pisidium amnicum, var. sulcatum: S. V. Wood, Crag Moll, ii,

p. 110.
1864. Pisidium anliquum, n. sp. : Von Martens, Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol.

Gesell. xvi, p. 349. \_Non Braun, 1851.]
1880. Pisidium astartoides, Sandberger, Palaeontographica, N. F. vii.

( = xxvii), p. 96, pi. xii, f. 1-1 e.

This fossil species seems to have been first detected in the Fresh-
water Beds at West Bunton, Norfolk, in 1840 by Sir C. Lyell who
figured it (102, p. 364) with a query as a variety of P. amnicum,
and noted its presence also at Grays. Later on he recognized the same
form as occurring at llford (103, pp. 217-218). Dr. S. P. Woodward
included it in his collection with strongly striate specimens of
P. amnicum from Grays under the name P. sulcatum.

Its specific distinctness was first held hy Von Martens (108,
p. 349), but unfortunately the name antiquitm which he bestowed

* Not Tliocene as erroneously recorded by Kennard and Woodward (87,
p. 202).

28 CATALOGUE OP

on it was preoccupied by A. Braun (24, p. 1116) fur a Miocene
form, subsequently figured by Sandberger (153, pi. xxvi, f. 7), so
that its present name conferred by Dr. F. Sandberger in 1880 (154 A,
p. 96) stands. His description, founded on specimens from the
original locality of West llunton, reads : —

" Testa solida, subcordiformis, extus costis concentricis
imbricatis distantibus ornata, sulcis latis subtiliter striatis
disjunctis. Umbones luti, depressi, submediani ; fossula liga-
mentalis brevis, sat profunda. In valva dextra dens cardinalis
posticus tenuis obliquus et anticus bifidus, compresso-trangu-
laris, in sinistra posticus tenuis arcuatus et anticus crassus
bifidus, obtuso-triangularis conspiciuntur. Dentes laterales
diversi, inferi in valvis ambabus conformes, obtuso-triangu-
lares prominuli, superi in dextra solum conspicui et fossulis
sinistrae excepti parvuli, obtusi. Alt. 7, Long. 9, Crass.
5 mm."

It will be noticed that Sandberger has confused the left and
right valves, forgetting for the moment the peculiar conformation of
the shell in this genus, and further deceived by the deep notch in
the cardinal tooth (3) of the right valve describes it as two.

The details of the hinge are as follows : —

Hincje (PL I, f. i! ; III, f. 2) about | the length of the shell,
broad, not projecting much inwards save at the umbo, strong,
well curved, with two marked flexures in the right valve.

R. V. a. r. about g the length of the hinge-line, very stout and
strong, curving inwards ; base very strong and swollen,
especially on the umbonal side ; apex central, very
prominent, inclined im\ards, rounded obtuse; ridyes
rounded, sloping about equally and not very steeply,
the umbonal descending a little lower than the distal.
a. in. about halt' the length of «. /., from which it is separated
by a deep sulcus, stout, strong, erect, curving with the
shell-margin ; apex about central, prominent, rounded
obtuse; ridges somewhat rounded, descending about
equally and fairly gradually.

3. sharply curved and flexed, strong, prominent, flat-
topped, notched at the angle, a slanting diagonally
forwards across the hinge-plate, b similarly inclined
backwards, slightly wedge-shaped and deeply sulcate.
p. i. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, fairly stout, very
strong, distal end curving inwards ; base very strong,
slightly swollen ; apex central, very prominent rounded
obtuse ; ridges somewhat rounded, descending about
equally and fairly steeply.

/>. ///. about I the length of p. /., to which it is slightly inclined,
their umbonal extremities tending to become confluent,

SPECIES OF riSIDlUM. -M>

rather narrow, erect, curving with the shell-margin ;
apex central, prominent, rounded obtuse ; ridyes some-
what rounded, descending about equally and fairly
gradually.

L. V. re. //. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, stout, very strong,
straight; base very strong and swollen; aj>e.r central,
exceedingly prominent, pointed obtuse : ridges fairly
sharp, descending about equally, at first steeply, then
very gradually.

2. very prominent, triangular in the young shell, base
continuous with tt at of a. ///., apex pointing to the
umbo ; with growth the sides of the triangle fold back
more and more till they form a wedge-shaped pro-
minence closely resembling 8 b in the opposite valve ;
in very old shells the mark of the fold becomes
obliterated.
4. lamelliform, sharp, running diagonally backwards

across the hinge-plate from the umbo.

p. ii. less than ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
curving with the shell-margin ; base strong, slightly
swollen; apex central, exceedingly prominent, rounded
obtiise ; ridyes sharp, descending about equally, fairly
steeply at first, then becoming almost horizontal.

The finest examples seem to come from the Cromerian at West
Runton, one from the peat measuring Long. 9-4, Ait. 9, Crass.
O'O mm., whilst one from the gravel is 9 x 9'3 x 5 mm. The speci-
mens from Grays rank next in size.

The species may readily be distinguished from its close ally
P. amnicum by its rounder outline and by the greater strength of the
external striae which stand up boldly especially on the very umbo
(PI. X, f. 7), whereas in P. amnicum they are by no means strongly
marked on the young shell even in the strongly striated examples
from Grays (cf. PI. V, f. 0 & 10).

In the hinge of the right valve the paired lateral teeth are not
so parallel as in amnicum but curve towards each other enclosing a
very deep fossa, whilst in the left valve the cardinals 2 and 4 are
separated by a deeper fossa than in amnicum, nnd 2 is not so sharp
pointed.

P. astartoides does not show any extreme variation in form as do
some of the other species of the genus. The earlier forms from the
Cromerian, both from the peat (PL X, f. 4) and from the gravel
(PL XI, f. 1 ; XII, f. 8), are the rounder and the more strongly
sculptured. Specimens obtained at Swanscombe (PI. XI, f. 2 ;
XI [, f. 1) come next ; but are more finely sculptured. At Grays
the form tends to become ovate-trigonal (PL X, f. 3; XII, f. 2)-
whilst at Crayford-Erith (PL IX, f. 1 ; XII, f. 4) they are fat-
more oval, the extreme in this direction being met with at Clactoii
(PL X, f. 2 ; XII, f. 5).

30 CATALOGUE OF

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

>

HB
1

NS
88
RW RE
8 Wl El
AM PM

M ON 8G
B
CT RF

CA

EL
PN
FF
PC
LL

BF
AS
Kl
KF
ED

AN
HD

AY

LA

PE

BW

NN

WD

ED

LD

AN

WT KB

DF

SK

RX

SN

FE

TY

AR

DO
IM

CD

WL

NY

DM

WM

SL

LE

MO

ML

MY

EY

EM

RO

CV

LH

SL

WY

SY

LN

A

WG

NG

LF

WH

ME

CR

D3

FT

CH

DY

NM

L8

186

KC

KO

DU

MN

MG

SP

8T

LR

CB WN EN

CL

NT

QC

CW

Wl

CD

RA

HF

WO

WW

NO HU WS ES

NK LK

8T

KK

wx

PB

CM

BR

GE

OX

BX

BD HT Nj

SK MC

EC

WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

BK

MX SE

we

i

NS

SW

NH

SR-WK EK

NO 88 DT SH WX EX
EC SD IW

SC WC

Cl
Pisidium astartoides.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

PLEISTOCENE.
LONDON. — 3L.

N.E. London [B.M.— L. 5805] ; Clapton [B. B. W.] ; Hackney

[B. B. W.].
ESSEX, NOKTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6683 & 6685]

[M. P. G.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B3I. 44553 & L. 7931]

[M. P. G.] ; Ilford [B.M.— L. 10041] [M. P. G.].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crayford and Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 18606

(figd.)] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 31

CROMERIAN.

EAST. — EN.

Cromer, to west of [M. P. G.] ; West llunton [A. S. K. &
B. B. W.] [M. P. G.]."
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.
Kessingland [M. P. G.].

PLIOCENE.

NORFOLK, EAST.— EN.

Bramerton Common [N. M.].

The first record of this species on the Continent appears to have
been due, as already noted, to E. Yon Martens, who described it in
1864 (108, p. 349) under the name of P. antlquum, from deposits
on the banks of the Trtisch, near Omsk. In Denmark it has been
found in Pleistocene deposits at Forslevgaard (SjaeUand) and Copen-
hagen (Johansen, 85, pp. 9, 57, 58 & 67).

The late Dr. Boettger possessed specimens from the Pleistocene
(Mosbach Sand) at Messel (near Darmstadt) and Schierstein-a.-
Rhein (near Wiesbaden) ; while Dr. "Wiist has further recorded it
(196) from Mosbach (near Wiesbaden) itself, Mauer (near Heidel-
berg) and Hohensachsen (near Wembeim-an-der-Bergstrasse).

3. Pisidium casertanum (Poll).
[Pis. I, f. 3-6 ; III, f. 3 ; XIII.-XVIIL]

1791. Cardimn casertanum : Poli, Test. utr. Sicilian i, ord. u., p. Go, pi. xvi

f. 1.

1826. Cyclas vitrea, n. : Risso, Hist. Nat. Europe me"rid. iv, p. 338.
1830. Cyclas prisca, m. : Eichwald, Naturh. Skizze von Lithauen,

p. 207.
1836. Pisidium nustrale, n. sp. : Philippi, Enum. Moll, Sicilian, i, p. 39,

pi. xiv, f. 11. [Cf. PL XIII, f. 32 ; XV, f. 13.]
1838. Pisidium cinereum: Alder, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumbld., ii,

p. 341. [Cf. PL XIII, f. 10 & 16 ; XV, f. 7 & 10.]
1840. Galileju tembrosa, n. gen., n. sp. : Costa, Faun. Sicil. i, Moll. p. 1.

pi. i', f. 2 a, A, B. [PL XIII, f. 27 ; XV, f. 18.]

1843. Cyclas cinerea, Alder : Hauley, Cat. Ree. Bivalve Shells, p. 91.

Pisidium roseitm, m. : Scholtz, Schlesien's Moll. p. 140 : P. fontinale,

b. rosemn, id., op. cit. suppt. (1853) p. 16. [PL XIII. f. 9
XV, f. 11.]

1844. Cyclas lenticular is, nob. : Normand, Notice Cyclades Valenciennes.

p. 8, pi. f. 7 & 8. [Cf. PL XIII, f. 29 ; XVI, f. 10.] [Cf. spe-
cimens from Baud on in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22330-35.]

1846. Pisidium vitreum, Pfeiffer : Verany in " Descrizione di Genova,"
i, pt. 2, p. 93.

1849. Pisidium limosum, nob. : Gassies, Tabl. Moll. Agenais, p. 206, pi. ii,

Pisidium amniciim, Jenyns: var. B. nitidu? spec. nov. ; id., tern. cit.

p. 208 [ — intermedium, Gassies, v. infra],

- Pisidium caliculatum : Dupuy, Cat. extram. Gallias Test. [4]
No. 229; id., Hist, Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 684, pi. xxx, f. 4.

32 CATALOGUE OF

1849. Pisidium iratianum : id., foe. cit. No. 234. (A syn. for P. cinereum,

id., Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852, p. 683.)

— Pisidium thermal? : id., loc, cit. No. 238 ; id., Hist. Nat. Moll.

France, 1852, p. 082, pi. xxx, f. 6. [Cf. specimens from Dupuy

in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22340-49.]
1852. Pisidium lenticulare, Norm. : Dupuy, Hist. Nat. Moll. France,

p. 080, pi. xxx, f. 2. [_Cf. specimens from Clessin & Baudon in

Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22321-35.]
Pisidium pnlclielbun [71011 .lenyns] : id., op. cit. p. 633, pi. xxx, f. 5.

Pisidium priscum, m. : Eichwald, Lethaea Rossica, iii, p. 87, pi. v,

f. 8 a-c.

1854. Pisidium yrateloupianum, nob. : Normaud, Coup d'osil Cyclades

Nord, p.- 4.

Pisum casertanum, Poli : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii,

p. 275.

Pisum vitreum, Tlisso [pars'] : id , loc. cit.

— • Pisum lenticulare. Norm. : id., torn. cit. p. 280.
— - Pisum australe, Phil. : id., torn. cit. p. 270.

1855. Pisidium intermedium, nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,

xx, p. 338, pi. i, f. 4. [Olim Pisidiu>n amnicnm, Jenyns, var.
B. nitida Gassies, q. v. supra.] [Cf. specimens in Norman Coll.,
B.M. 98. 5. 20: 22403-10.]

Pisidium pallidum, nob. : id., torn cit. p. 343, pi. i, f. 10. [Cf.

specimens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22429-34.]

1850. Pisidium amnicum, vai'S. e. nifidum, £. intermedium, ij.f/ratelupfanum

[sic] : Moquin-Taudon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 583.
Pisidium cazertanum, Poli : id., torn. cit. p. 584.

1857. Pisidium amnicum, var. yrateloupianum, Norm. : Baudon, MIMII.

Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, pp. 349 & 355, pi. iv, f. E.

1858. Musculium australe, Phil.: Adams, Gen. Bee. Moll, ii, p. 451.
— - Musculium casertanum, Poli : id., torn. cit. p. 451.

Musculium lenticulare, Normand : id., torn. cit. p. 451.

Pisum lenticulare, Normand: id., torn. cit. p. 000.

Musculium roseum, Scholtz : id., torn. cit. p. 452.

. Pisum roseum, Scholtz : id., torn. cit. p. 000.

- Musculium tenebrosa [sic], Da Costa : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii,

p. 452.

— Pisum tenebrosa [sic'], Da Costa : id., torn. cit. p. 000.

Musculium vitreum, Risso : id., torn. cit. p. 452.

- Pisum vitreum, Risso : id., torn. cit. p. 060.

1859. Pisidium casertanum, var. B. limosum [sic]: Gassies, Actes Soc.

Liun. Bordeaux, xxii, p. 301.

Pisidium henslowianum, var. cinerea : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist, in, iii, p. 37.

Pisidium pusillum, var. casertana : id., loc. cit.

1802. Pisidium font inale, var. cinerea: Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i, p. 21.

- Piiidium cuneatum : Bielz, Verhandl. Siebenb. Yer. Naumv. xiii,

p. 220. [Cf. specimens from Bielz in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 :
22261-7.]

1873. Pisidium ibericum, n.sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Bliitt. xx, p. 29,

pi. i, f. 4.

Pisidium fossarinum, Cless. : id. in Westerlund, Fauna Moll.

Sveciae, &c., p. 544.

1874. Pisidium obliquatum, n. sp. : id. in Fedchenko, Izvyest. imp.

Obsbchest. Lyubit, Estestvoz. Antrop. I Etnogr. Moskva, xi,
vuip. 1, p. 36, pi. iii, f. 31.
Pisidium acuminatum, n. sp. : id., op. cit. p. 37. pi. iii, f. 32.

sI'KCIKS OF PlStmrM. 33

1^74. Pisidium pulcJielhtm, Jenyns : id. in Kiistt-r, Syst. Conch.-Cab. ix,
abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 2-'>, pi. ii, f. }3-lo [wow Jenyns].

? Pisi'Ji-um hispunicum, Clessin : id., op. off. p. 37, pi. iv, f. 4-6,

? Pisidium moreanum, Clessin : id,, o.p. cit. p. 38, pi. iv, f. 7-9.

? Pisidium heldreichii, Clessin : id., op. cit. p. 38, pi. iv, f, 10-12,

- Pisidium italicum. Clessin : id., op. eft, p. 40 pi. Iv, f. 16-18, [(Jf,

specimens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 6. 20 : 22403 10.]

Pisidium rivulare, Clessin: id., op. cit. p- 30, pi. iii, f. 7-11.

[Specimens from the author in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20:
22503-06.]

1876. Pisidium sordelKanum [n. pp.] : Pini, Bull. Soe. Malac. Ital. ii,

p. 18o.

Pisidium nordensfcioldi, nov. sp. : Clessin in Westerlund, Xarh-

richtsbl. Deutscb. Malakoz. (resell, viii, p. 103 ; id., }i. Sveusk.
Vet.-Akad. lli.ndl. n, xiv, No. 12, p. 68 [pi. f. 20].

- Pisidium sibiricum, nor. sp. : id., in Westerlund, Nachriphtsnl.

Deutsch. Malakoz. Gesell. viii, p. 103 ; id., K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad.
Ilandl. n, xiv, No. 12, p. 69 [pi. f. 211

Pisidium boreale, nov. sp. ; id., in Westerlurd, Nacbricbtsbl.

Deut.°ch. Malakoz. Gesell. viii, p. 103 ; id., K. Sveusk. Vet.-Akad.
Handl. n, xiv, No. 12, p. 70 [pi. f. 23].

1877. Pisidium henninii, Wehvitscli : id. in Kiister, Svst. ConcU.-C«b.

ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 61, pi. vii, f, 12-14.

Pisidium ovatum, n. sp. : id., op. cit. pi. viii, f. 22-24. [C/. speci-

mens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5. 20: 22399-402,]
1880. Pisidium taryioniaws [««'p] : Puulucci, Bull. 3oc. Jklalac. Ital. vi,

p. 176.
1888. Pisidium lindxtroemi, n. sp. : Cle.^sin, O.'vers. K. Vet.-Aknd. H;ii}dl.

Stockholm, 1888, p. .^40, fi»-s.
1893 ? Pisidium arcticmn, n. sp. : tioti 1883, \Vestevlimd, Nacbrichtsbl.

Deutsch. Malakoz. Gesell. 1893, p. 132.

Pisidium niic/patum, n. sp. : Benoit in Locard, Coquil. Eaux dpuces

France, p. 142.
1896. Pisidium impar, m. : \Vesterlund, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. lu^p.

Sci. St. Petersb. 1896. p. 198.
1899. Pisidium xantfwlfnium, Castro in coll. : Locard, Arch. Mus. Ili.-t.

Nat. Lvon, vii, No. 1, p. 209.
1902. Pisidium maculaturn, n. sp. | T-. , i • >" i • ux 1.1 T->

Pisidium trwnoidesj n. sp. [ Mowsk,, ^acbrlchtsblI Deutsch.

Malakoz. (iesell. xxxiv, pp. 94 & 95 ; Rossmassler, Icon., N. P.
x, f. 1807 & 1809,

1909. Pisidium dubium, n. sp, : Lindholm in Korotneff, ^ issen ch.
Ergebn. Zool. Exped. BaikalrSee, iv, p. 85, pi. ii, f. 45, 46.

The form has long passed on the Continent almost equally under
the names of P. easertanum and P. fontinale. What the original
of the last name was will now never be known for Lamarck's
diagnosis is far too brief, whilst the specimens that Draparnaud
associated with Lamarck's name have been lost, and his descriptions
are too vague and his figures too poor to permit of any definite
conjecture *. Fortunately there is no need to speculate further on

* Locnrd suggests (99, p. 158) that, f, 11 & 12 of the text to pi. x ( = f. 12
& 13 of the plate) may belong to P. caserfanunt, Poli, whilst the other
figures can not be precisely defined. Personally 1 would doubtfully refer
nos. 8, 9, & 12 of the text ( = 9, 10, & 13 of " the plate) to the present
species.

D

34 CATALOGUE OF

the subject, for Prof. 11. Bellini most kindly sent me specimens from
Poli's original locality at Caserta, of the only Pisidium there found.
These undoubtedly belong to the present form and show that Poli
\vas dealing with dead and bleached specimens rather rounder in
lateral outline than the majority of those met with. Poli's diagnosis
(138, i, ord. n, p. 65) is as .follows : — •

" Testa; charactfres. Testa subrotunda, convcxiuscula, glabra,
fragilissima, striis tenuissimis confertisque transversim dis-
tincta.

Testa; descriptio. Testa subrotunda, transversim paullo
oblongata, tumidiuscula, exigua. Valvae glabras, maxime
fragiles, striis exilissimis lente conspicuis confertisque, perinde
ac annotinis accesionibus, exaratee conspiciuntur. Tota concha
niveo candore nitet.

Naturalis hujus concha3 magnitude via duas tresve lineas
excedit. Nos vero longe ampliorem delineavimus ad ipsam
clarius repraesentandam.

Historia. Cardium hoc in rivuli alveo per regiutn Casertae
nemus praatorflucntis simnl cum aliis testis fluviatilibus
invenimus animante destitutum."

Baudon seems to have been the next, of the few who clearly
discriminated this species, to give a really good description (9, p. 343),
and since it supplies much that is wanting in Poli's it may well be
quoted : —

" Concha mediocris aut exigua, variabilis, ovata, vix elonga-
tula, parum subventricosa, antice subrostrata, posterius
subrotunda, inferius curvata, griseo lutescenti colore induta ;
margine valvulis clausis acuta ; apice vix prominente ; striis
tenuibus et sat regulariter distributis ; commissura angusta ;
arcuata ; dentibus cardinalibus augustis |".«V], sublamellotas.
Ligamento brevi, flavo vel brunneo, dcbili."

To this may now be appended a detailed description of the hinge-
characters : —

Hiwje (PI. I, f. 3-6; 111, f. 3) about | the length of the
shell, very strong and wide, projecting well inwards, very arched,
with two flexures in the right valve of which the anterior ono
is the more marked.

ll.V. a. I. about -f^ the length of the hinge-line, very strong,
curved and inclined inwards ; base very strong, some-
what swollen ; apex on distal side of centre, prominent,
acuminate, distally directed ; ridyes rounded, distal steep,
especially at first, umbonal fairly steep and descending
to a lower level than the distal.

a. ni. about ^ the length of, and parallel to a. f., straight,
narrow, erect ; apex central, prominent, rounded obtuse ;
ridges compressed, sloping away equally and not
steeply.

sl'KCIE.S OK P181DIUM. 33

3, prominent, arcuate, flat-topped : a thin, sharp, fairly
parallel to shell-margin ; b thickened, strongly sulcate,
curving diagonally across the hiijge- plate almost to its
inner margin.

p. i. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, strong, straight,
compressed ; base strong, straight ; apex near the distal
end, not very prominent, pointed obtuse ; ridijes fairly
sharp, sloping away fairly equally and steeply, the
umbonal descending a triflp Iqwer than the distal.
p. in. about ^ the length of, and parallel to p. /., straight,
narrow, eiect; apex distal side of centre, prominent,
acuminate ; ridges compressed, umbonal sloping lairly
gradually, distal steeply.

L.V. a. n. about y\ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, straight ;
base strong, not much swollen ; apex central, very
prominent, acuminate ; ri'/yes fairly sharp, distal veiy
steep at first, then sloping gradually, umbonal steep,"
descending to a lower level than the distal.
2. very prominent, sharply triangular, its base parallel
with the hinge-plate and continuous with that of a. //.,
the apex curving outwards and twisted spirally (some-
times considerably) points towards the posterior dorsal
margin.

4. lamelliform, sharp, curving diagonally back at a high
angle across the hinge-plate to almost its inner margin.
p. n. about 3- the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
curving with the shell-margin; 6ase strong and straight ;
aj>e.r near distal end, very prominent, distally directed,
acuminate; ritiges almost sharp, nmbonal descending
fairly steeply, distal very steep at first, then gradually
sloping.

Dimensions. — Two of the finest examples seen are in the collec-
tion of Mr. C. Oldham. One from Fitton Hall, Oldham (Lanes.),
measures : — Long. 7, Alt. 6, Crass. 4 mm. ; the other from Marsworth
Keservoir (Herts.) is 6'5 X 5'5 x 4 mm.

In external conformation this is a most variable species and may
at times, especially wl.en dwarfed, resemble forms of P. pusillinn
(e. //. PI. XIII, f. 25 ; XVI, f. 12), P. personatum (e. rj. PI. XIII,
f. 1*96; XVI, f. Qa& b) and pven p. nitiflum (c. \j. PI XIV,
f. 7 b & d).

Its leading characters are its usually larger size as compared with
its congeners, and the fact that its greatest anterior projection lies
rather below a lateral line taken through the adductor scars. The
sharp anterior flexure of the hinge, especially in the right valve,
with the disposition of the lateral teeth instantly distinguish it, aa
does the position of the cardinals (2 $ 4} i» th0 left valve which
are placed well athwart the hinge-plate (PI. XV, f. 3). In
P. p'rsonatum and P. nitidum these teeth are on the other hrjnl
fairlv parallel with the hinge-line.

36 CATALOGUE OF

What I would regard as the type form is represented by those
figured from Addington in Surrey (PI. XIII, f. 15 ; XV, f. 15)
or Gateshead in Durham (PI. XIII, f. 16; XV, f. 7) and again
from Wniana in Roumania (PI. XIII, f. 8 & 31 ; XVI, f. 15) and
Naples (PI. XIII, f. 32 ; XV, f. 13). In the Sebeto at the last-
named locality an extremely oval form is met with (PI. XIII, f. 7
& 30; XVI, f. 16). This is closely paralleled by specimens from
the Pleistocene at Uxbridge. The normal tumidity of the species
is shown in PI. XIII, f. 1 & 4, whilst f . 2 & 3 are inflated examples
and f. 5 & 6 instances of greatest compression.

There is one well marked form, a lake or still-water form, which
almost amounts to a variety. In this the shell is rounder than the
type, and more compressed (PI. XIII, f. 5, 17, 23, 25 & 26) whilst
the hinge being narrower and lighter is less arcuate and the flexure
less pronounced. The cardinals, though still retaining their dis-
tinctive characters, are, owing to the reduced width of the hinge-plate,
forced into a position more or less parallel therewith (PI. XV,
f. 5); the lateral teeth on the other hand, beyond being some-
what lighter, remain as in the type (PI. XVI, f. 3-6 & 12).

It is among the fossil examples especially from the Pleistocene of
the Thames Valley, where individuals that lived under varying
conditions have been swept together by the great river, that the
greatest variation iu shape is met with, and interesting series can
be picked out (PI. XIV, f. 4, 5, 7 & 8 ; XVII, f. 1-4). Some spe-
cimens are almost orbicular, whilst others are subtrigonal in outline
(PL XVII, f. 3 t). The latter are curiously paralleled by examples
sent me by Herr Lynge from Lyngby-Bugsvoer So, Seeland (PL XV,
f. 20 e, g}. Herr Lynge, however, was not able to point to any
notable peculiarity of the environment that could have led to the
production of this extreme form.

The most triangular examples met with come from the Pleistocene
at Grays (PI. XVIII, f. 12 i, /.-, I), where at times they are hard to
distinguish on account of the thick* tied dentition from the associated
P. svplnvrn. The nearest living individuals resembling them are
some from Devonshire (PL XV, f. 16 ; XVI, f. 2 a, b).

Individuals showing a more or less complete exchange of hinge
formula for the two valves are nomctimes met with, as in other
species of the genus. The most striking example is that from
New town ards, Co. Down (PL XVI, f. 7 & 8), in which the right
valve has a single anterior and doulle cardinal teeth, whilst the left
valve has the lateral teeth doubled. Among fossil forms two right
valves from the Pleistocene of Swanscombe (PL XVII, f.'3q& *)
have each a single anterior lateral, and one (PL XVI] I, f. 7) has
both laterals single, whilst a left valve (PL XVII, f. 4p) has a
double anterior lateral. In an abnormal right valve from the
Holocene of Elie, Fifeshire (PL XVIII, f. 6) there is a single in lieu
of a double posterior lateral.

Specimens marked " P. cinereum, British " are in the Hanley
collection (B.M. 1907. 12. 30 : 524-5) and may have furnished the
figure in Forbes and Hanley (63, pi. xxxvi, f. 2).

STECIKS OF risiiunr. 37

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

N3 CA
HB «

$ RW RE EL BF All

Wl El PN AS

M AM PM FF Kl

DN SO PC KF

CT RF LL ED HO

AY LA PE BW NN

WO ED LD AN WT KB OF SK RX SN

FE TV AR 00 CU WL NY ON

I M
WM SL LE MO Ml MY EY

EM RO CV LH SL WY SY LN

WO NO LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM LS

S6 KG K_° DU MN MQ SP ST LR CB WN EN

Cl NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU W8 E3

NK L_K ST KK WX PB CM BR 6E OX JMf RO HT «

SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK MX S£

WC NS SW NH Sjlf'WK EK

NO SS DT SH WX EX

EC SO IW

SC WC

Cl

Pisidium casertanum.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND.
LONDON. — It.

Barnes Common [B. B. \V.] ; Blackheath [B.M. 98.5.20:

22517-35 pars] ; East Finchley [J. E. C.] ; Hendon [J. E. C.] ;

North End [B. B. W.].
BEKKSHIRE. — BK.

Cothill [H. C. N.] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Denham [J. E. C.] ; Weston Turville [J. E. C.].

,38 CA.TALOGTE OF

CHESHIRE. — CH.

Ashton-on-Mersey [C. 0.] ; Baguley [C. 0.] ; Beeston Castle
[C. ().] ; Birkeiihrad [E. It. S.J ; Brooklands [C. O.j ; Budworth
[A. S. K.]; Fulshaw [C. O.J; Heswall [C. 0.] ; Knntsford
[C. 0.] : Lostock Graham [C. O.J , Lyinc Park [C. ().] ; Marple
Park [C. O.J: Marston [C. O.J : Mobberley [C. O.J; Northern
Etchells [C. O.J • Romiley [C. O.J.
CUMBERLAND. - C If.

Abbey Holme [J. L.J ; Allonby [W. J. F.J ; Basscnthwaite
[W. J. F.J ; Rickerbybeck [J. L.J.
DERBYSHIRE. — 1>Y.

Buxton [C. O.J.
DEVONSEIBR, NORTH.— ND.

Mortlioe district [J. L.J : Shinvell [B. B. W.J.
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — SD.

Newton Abbot (Canal) [B. B. W.J.
DURHAM. — DM.

Bufc'erwirk | B.M. 1911 . 10. 20 : 7579-94] ; Castie Eden [B.M.] ;
Dear Darlington [E. 11. S.J [H. C. N.J ; Gateshcad [C. O.J [T. R.] ;
Winston [C. O.J.
ESSEX, NOKTH. — NE.

Colchester [W. M. W J.
ESSEX, SOUTH — S.E.

Shenfield [W. M. W.J.
HASIP^HIRK, SOUTH. — SH.

li. Itchen, Southampton [B/M. 1911. 10.26: 7773].
HEUTFORDSH i UK. — H T.

Marsworth lloservoir [C. O.J ; St. Albans (R. Ver) [C. 0.] ;
Watford [C. O.J [B.M.J.
KENT, EAM.— EK.

Sissinghurst [A. S. TC.J.
LANCASHIRE, MID. — ML.

Burrow Height [J. W. J.J ; Lancaster [A. S. K.J.
LANCASHIEE, SOUTH. — SL.

Manchester [A. S. K.J ; Oldham [T. R.] [B.M. 98-6-6: 59-74]
[C. O.J [W.'M. WJ [H. O.J; Oldham (Hill 700') [F. T.] ;
Stanley, Liverpool [C. O.J ; Swinton [T. II.] [W. M. W.J.
LEICESTERSHIRE.— LR.

Staverton [A. S. K.J.
LINCOLNSHIRE, NOETH. — LN.

Louth (Bin-well Wood) [C. S. C.J ; Ruckland [C.S.C.]; South
Kelsey [C. S. C.J.
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bushey Park [J. E. C.J ; Hadley Wood [J. E. C.J ; Uxbridge
[J. E. C.J.
NORFOLK, WF.ST. — WN.

North Wootton [J. E. C.J.
NORTHUMBERLAND. — NN" & SN.

[Loc.?B.M. It'll. 10.26: 7612-25.]
NORTHUMBERLAND, NORTH. — NN.
Bamborough [C. O.J.

SPECIES OK riSIDITM. 39

NORTHUMBERLAND, SoUTH. — SN.

Newcastle [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 33-42].
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM.

Button [C. 0.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Marston Copse [H. C. X.] ; Oxford [H. C. N.].
SHROPSHIRE. — SP.

Bridgnorth [E. C.].

SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. NS.

Bath (Cattle Trough) [T. E.] : Kenn [B.M. 1911.10.26:
7794-7803]; Kenn Moor [U.M. 1911.10.26: 7752-61];
Portishead Moor [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7710-29].

SOMERSETSHIRE, SOUTH. — SS.
Minehead [C. 0.].

STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Stoke-on-Trent [C. 0.] ; Wightwick,
Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. 0.] ; Willenhall [H. 0.].

SURREY.— SR.

Addington [A. S. K.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Croydon

[A. S. K.] ; Farley [A. S. K.] ; Waddon (R. Wandlc) [B. B." W.]

[B.M. 1901-2-25.11-30].
SUSSEX, EAST. — EX.

Bayhara [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, WEST. — WX.

Boxgrove [A. W. S.].
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Button Coldfield district [H. 0.].
WESTMORLAND. — WL.

Ambleside [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7564-78].
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Salisbury [B. B. W.].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-WEST. — NY".

Cundall [C. S.] ; Ripon [J. E. C.].
YORKSHIRE, MID- WEST. — MY.

Ripon [J. E. C.].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EY.

Cundall [C. S.] ; Scarborough [Camb.] [B. B. W.] [B.M. 50-10-7:

98-106].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH- WEST. — WY.

Halifax [A. S. K.] ; Huddersfield [B. B. W.] ; Penisfcone

[C. 0.].
ISLE OF WIGHT. — IW.

Sandown [H. C. N.].

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Aberffraw [J. E. C.] ; Benllech [J. E. C.] ; Cemmacs [C. 0.] ;
Gaenven [J. E. C.] ; Llanflewin [C. 0.] ; Llan-gefni [J. E. C.] ;
Pentraeth [J. E. C.] ; Ked Wharfe Bay [J. E. C.] ; Rhos Goch
[C. O.] ; Rhosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. GV).

40 CATALOGUE 0V

CARDIGANSHIRE. — CD.

Llyfrant Valley [J. E. C.].

CARMARTHENSHIRE. — CM.
Pondine [W. M. W.].

CARNA RVONSHIRE. — CR.

Abersoeh [C. 0.]; Llnnberis [F. E.G.]; W>*n Bochlwyd (1900')
[C. 0.] ; Llyn Cwm-ffynnon (1254') [C. 0.]; Llyn Idwd (1200')
[C. 0.].

MEKIONKTHSHIRE. — 1OT.

Aberdovey [J. E. C.] ; Arthog (600') [J. E. C.] ; Cairn-March-
Arthur (500') [J. E. C.] ; Dover Marshes [J. E. C.] ; Gwerncn
Lake [J. E. C.] ; Happy Valley [J. E. C.J ; Trefi (500') [J. E. C.].

MONTGOMERYSHIRE. — MGr.
Machynlleth [J. E. C.].

PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.

Teuby [C. S.] [H. 0.] [B.M. 98.6. 16: 43-58].

CHANNEL ISLANDS.- CI.

Guernsey [J. E. C.].

SCOTLAND.

ABERDEKNSHIRE, NORTH & SOUTH. — AN. & AS.

Aberdeen [U.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 62-66] ; Banchory (R. Dee)

[Maj. Connolly].
BUTE, ARRAN, &c. — B.

Fad, L., Bute [A. W. S,] ; Uric Loch (1300') Arran [K. H. J.].
DUMFRIES. — DF.

Lochmaben [A. S. K.].
ISLAY, &c. — I.

Colonsay (L. Fad) [K. H. J.].
KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE. — KB.

Creetown [E. C.].
SKYE.— S. [A. W. S.].

SUTHERLANPSHIRE, NORTH.- — NS.

Hacoin, L., near Tongue [F. F. L.].

SUTHERLANDSHIRE, SoVTH. SS.

Brora [C. S.].
WJGTONSHIHE. — WT.
Whithorn [E. C.].

IRELAND.
An TRIM. — AN.

Antrim (Six-Mile-Water) [J. N. M.] ; Fair Head [J. N. H.] ;

Glenshosk, K. [D. M.] ; Greencastle [J. N. M.] ; Kilcorrig

[J. N. M.] ; Lagan (Cunal 2nd lock) [J. N. M.]; Neagh, L., &

Glenavy. K. [D. M.].
CARLOW. — CW.

Tinnahinch [R. A. P.].
CLARE.— CL.

A ran Is. [D. M.] ; Bally vaughan [D. M.J ; Cratloe Lakes

[II. A. P.] ; Porteen, L. [F. T.].

SPECIES OF PIS1DI0M. 41

CORK, MID. — MJ.

Cork Park [A. 8. K.].
CORK, WEST.— WC.

Glengariff ; More, L. [K. H. J.] ; Schull [K. A. P.],
DONEGAL, EAST — ED.

Pad, L., Moville [D. M.] [J. N. M.] ; Namin, L. [J. N. M.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Tory, I. [A. W. S.].
DOWN. — 10.

Annandale [J. N. M.] ; Comber [J. N. M.] ; Deer's Meadow,

Mourne Mts., near the Bann [D. M.] ; Lagan (Canal 2nd lock)

[J. N. M.] ; Newry (Moor Quarry) [D. M.] j Newtownards

[J. N. M.] ; Portavoe [D. M.].
DUBLIN. — DU.

Lambay, L [A. W. S.] ; llathfarnham [B.M. 1911.10.26:

7855-60].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Anlaban, L. [H. T.] ; Nafeola, L. [H. T.] ; Nawalskey, L.

[H. T.] ; Shean North, L. [H. T.] ; Tally Lough [H. T.] ; Tully-

lough More [H. T.] ; Tullyvogy, L. [H. T.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SGK

Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Loughrea [It. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.] ;

Tallanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.] ; Woodford (L. Alee) [it. A. P.J.
GALWAY, WEST. — WGr.

Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterara [It. A. P.].
KERRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Cromaglaun [D. M.] ; Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.].

Lo N DONDERRY. LD .

Coolkeeragh [J. N. M.] ; Culmore [D. M.] [J. N. M.] ; Enagh,

L. [J. N. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.].
LOUTH* — LH.

Ardee [J. N. M.].
MAYO, WEST.— WM.

Achill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Cullylea, L. (SOO'),

Curraun Mt. [A. W. S.] ; Dooaghtry, L. [A. W. S.] ; Dougan,

near Newport [A. W. S.] ; Inishturk [A. W. S.] ; S.W. Mayo

[A. W. S.].

MoNAGHAN. — MO.

Ross, L. [J. N. M.].
QUEEN'S COUNTY. — QC.

Nut Grove [D. M.] ; Rathdowney [R. A. P.].
SLIGO. — SL.

Chiffney [D. M.] ; Enniscrone [D. M.]; Moyview [D. M.] ;

?Talt, L. [A. S. K.].
TIPPERARY, NORTH. — NT.

Cloughjordan [R. A. P.].
TYRONE.— TY.

Roughau, L. [J. N. M.].

W KX FORD. WX.

Enniscorthy [R. A. P.J ; Rosslare [R. A, P,] ; Wexford [R. A. P.J.

42 CATALOGUE OF

FOSSIL.
HOLOCENE.

ENGLAND.

LONDON. — E.

Albert Docks [B3L— L. 6728] ; Blackfriars [B.M.— L. 6744] ;
between Canning Town and Stratford [B.M. — L. 10047J ;
Cbingford [A. S. K.] ; Fulhara (Betteridge Road) [B.M.—
L. 6739 pars); West India Docks [M. P. G.] ; Westminster
[B. B. M.] [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 7568 pars) ; London County
Council Ball, Westminster Bridge Road [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley
[A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6750 par* & 10036].

B KRKSHIBE. — BK.

Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.- L. 1321 7] ; Wallingford

[A. S. K.].
ESSKX, SOUTH. — SE.

Dagenham [A. S. K.] ; Ilford [A. S. K.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — H CT.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
KENT, WEST. — WK.

Crossness [B.M.— L. 6721].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bonder's End ; Uxbridge [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgh [A. S. K.],
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Knettishall [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Staines [A. S. K.].
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Fisherton [B. B. W.].

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Gayfield) [M. P. G.].
KINROSS & FIFE. — KF.

Elie [A. S. K.].

IRELAND.
CLARE. — CL.

Inchiquin, L. [A. S. K.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Magheragera [A. S. K.J.
GALWAT, NORTH. — NG.

Ballinasloe [R. S. P.] ; Menlough [A. S. K.].

S!' BOIES OF riSIDITM. 43

Kir, PARK. — KD.

Balh betagh [A. S. K.].

LlMKKICK. LK.

? Cappagh [A. S. K.]; Limerick [A. S. K.].
MEATH. — ME.

? Kells [A. S. K.].

AGE DOUBTFUL.

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Princes Itisborough [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23957].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Copford [B.M. I48Q2 pars & L. G679] [31. P. G.].
NOB POLK, EAST. — EN.

B»cton [B.M. 16486-98].
Si'KFOLK, EAST.-— ES.

Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23980].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Defford [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23955].

PLEISTOCENE.

LONDON. — H.

Angel lid., Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.] ; Hackney [B. B. W.] ;
N.E.London [B.M.— L. 5804 pars'] ; Shacklewell Lano [Prest-
wich Coll., B.iVr.— L. 23974]; Spring Gardens (Admiralty)
[B.M.— L. 7634].
BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23962]; Kempton [B.M.
— L. 18612].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Barn well [A. 8. K,] [B.M.— L. 5709, 6337 & 14932] [M. P.G.];
Barrington [B.M.— L. 5712 par*] [A. S. K.].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [M. P. G.] ; Ilford [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

Woodston [C. E. Y. K.].
KENT, WI:ST. — WK.

Crayford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M,— L. 6691 pars,
1S608 & 19664 pars] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — MO.

Overton Longville [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23968].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Hoxne [M. P. G.] ; Stutton [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, WEST. — WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].
WORCESTERSHIRE. —WO.

Birlingham, nr. Pershore [A. S. K.]; Bricklehampton, nr. Pershore
[A. S. K.] ; Cropthorne [M. P. G.].

44 CATALOGUE OF

('ROM Ell I AX.

NORFOLK, EAST.— EN.

Sheiringham [31. P. G.J ; West llunton [A. S. K.J [31. P. G.].

PLIOCENE.

NORFOLK, EAST.— EN.

Bramerton Common [X. M.].

This is a very widely distributed species on the Continent and
is met with from Iceland [F. H. Sikes Coll.] and Lappland
[Odhner Coll.] to Sicily, and from France to Lake Baikal. From
this last locality it has been received under several names including
that of /'. dubittm, Lindholia (95, p. 85).

On the other hand authentic fossil records are at present scarce.
It has been recorded from the Holocene of Denmark [Johansen
(85, p. 9)]; seen from the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Soignes,
Belgium [Mas. Hist. Nat. Brussels] ; and mentioned as met with
in the Pleistocene (Mosbacher Sand) of Mauer (near Heidelberg)
[Geyer (69, p. 96)].

It is possible that the P. capellinii, Sacco (151, p. 437), from
the Pliocene of Piedmont may be a flattened form of this species.

4. Pisidium nitidum, Jenyus.
[Pis. I, f. 9 ; III, f. 6 ; XIX.]

1832. Pisidium nitidum, nobis : Jeuyns, Trans. Cainb. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 304, pi. xx, f. 7 & 8.

1843. Cyclas nitida, Jenyns: Hanley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 90.
1854. Pisidium incertum, Nob. : Normand, Coup d'osil Cyclades Nord,

p. 6. [Quotes Jenyns sp. & fig. as synonym !]
Pisum nitidum, Jenvns: Deshaves, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii,

p. 277.

18-58. Musculium nitidum, Jenyus : Adams, (inn. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 461.
1859. ? Pisidium pusillum, var. Musalis •. Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist, in, iii, p. 37 : id., Brit. Couch, i, 1862, p. 24.

1873. ? Pisidium pileus, n. sp. : Clessin, Correspond. -Bl. zool.-min. Ver.

Regensburg, xxvii, p. 150.

Pisidium fossarinum, 8. acuminatvm, Clessin : Clessin in Wester-

lund, Fauna Moll. Svecise, p. 545. \_Cf. specimens in Noruiau
Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22253-54.]

1874. Pisidium sphceriiforine, n.sp. : Clessin in Fedchenko, Jzvyest. imp.

Obshchest. Lyubit. Estestvoz. Antrop. i Etnogr. Moskva, xi,
yuip. 1, p. 38, pi. iii, f. 33.

1909. Pisidium t/ranum, n. sp. : Liudholm in Korotneff, Wissensch.
Ergebn. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, iv, p. 87.

This is a somewhat polymorphic form and its extreme variations
have been frequently mistaken for small P. casertanum, P. person-
aturn or P. pusillum.

Jenyns, who was the first to separate it as a species, thus describes
it (83, p. 304) :—

SPECIES OF PISIDTCM. 45

"P. testa orbiculato-ovnli, nitidissima, tenuiter striata;
urnbonibus obtusiusculis, striis paucis profundioribus.

" Testa minim e variabilis, orbiculato-ovalis, parum insequi-
lateralis ; praacedenti \_P. pus'dlu,m~] paulo convexior, et pro
ratione longitudinis altior ; albo lutescens, nitidissima, raro
aut nunquam sorde aut rnbigine obtecta, tenuiter striata,
striis hie iliic, prsecipue 3-5 umbones transeuntibus, dis-
tmctius incisis : umbones obtusiusculi, dorsalem marginem
paulb superantes."

The hinge-characters are as follows : —

Hlnfje (PL I, f. 9 ; III, f. 6) a little more than f the length
of the shell, strong, fairly wide, projecting well inwards, arcuate
with slight anterior flexure.

R.V. a. /. about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
bowed and inclined inwards; base very strong and
swollen ; apex central, fairly prominent, pointed
obtuse ; ridyes fairly rounded, sloping fairly equally,
steeply at first, then giadually.

a. in. about i the length of a. /., the whole forming a narrow,
arched prominence, somewhat apposed to the shell-
margin.

3. strong, very prominent, crenulate top, sharply flexed ;
a narrow, approximately parallel to the shell-margin ;
6 thicker, strongly sulcate, diagonally directed across
the hinge-plate to near its inner margin.
p. i. about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
curving somewhat with the hinge-margin, erect;
base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex distal side of
centre, not very prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridges
sharp, sloping almost equally and fairly steeply.
p. in. about ^ the length of, and parallel to p. /., narrow,
erect ; apex central, prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridyes
compressed, sloping about equally.

L.V. a. n. about g the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
nearly straight ; base strong and slightly swollen ; ape.v
central, very prominent, acuminate ; rid'jes fairly
sharp, distal at first exceedingly steep, then nearly
hori/.ontal, umbonal sloping very steeply and descending
to below the level of the distal.

2. very prominent, obtusely triangular, fairly parallel
with the inner margin of the hinge-plate, base con-
tinuous with that of «. //., pointed apex directed
slightly backwards.

4 very prominent, thin, sharp, flat-topped, at first fairly
parallel to the shell-margin, then curving backwards
round 2, and almost reaching the inner margin of the
hinge-plate.

p. n. about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
erect, straight ; base strong, scarcely swollen ; apex

46 CATALOGUE OF

near distal end, very prominent, and distally directed ;
ri-hjrs slightly rounded, umbonal descending fairly
rapidly, with slight convexity, distal exceedingly
steep.

Dimensions. — As given by Jenyns, translated into millimetres :
Long. 3'5, Alt. 3, Crass. 2 mm. A specimen from Motiram St.
Andrews (Cheshire) in Mr. Oldham's Collection attains 4 x 3*4 x 2-2,
whilst another in the same collection from Dunster (Somerset) is
3-4 x 3 X 2-3.

Jeuyns laid particular emphasis on the 3-5 deep cut striae
surrounding the nepionic shell, which he states were more or lei-s
obvious in every specimen he had seen. These stria? are certainly
often a feature in the species but cannot be held characteristic of
ic since they are far from uncommon in P. pit sill urn, in which,
however, they are both coarser and placed wider apart.*

The specimens sent by Jenyns to Hauley, whiuh are in the
British Museum collection (1907.12.30 : 519-519) are thinner tl.an
the typical form.

Its nearest ally is P. personatum, from which it may be distin-
guished by its usually less rounded form, by the absence of the
peculiar callus in the hinge characterizing that species, by the
greater flexure of the cardinal (3) of the right valve, and the
more oblique set of the cardinals 2 and 4 of the left valve.

From small forms of P. casfrtanum, it can be separated by
the extreme anterior projection of the valves lying nearer to a lino
drawn through the adductor scars, and by its somewhat more
regular striation ; while the hinge is not so pronouncedly flexed, the
apices of the lateral teeth of the right valve are nearer the urn bones,
the cardinal teeth of the left valve are more parallel to the hinge-
line and 4 is not twisted.

Contrasted with P. pusilli'.m it is less tequilateral, the umbones
are generally less prominent and the anterior dorsal margin
usually slopes more sharply away from the umbo ; the hinge-plate
is broader, especially under the umbo, and more flexed ; the apices
of the lateral teeth are nearer to the umbo, and the outer laterals
(a. in. & p. in.) of the right valve are proportionately much
shorter; the cardinal 3 is flexed instead of nearly straight; in
the left valve the cardinals are stronger and not so parallel to
the hinge-line.

The specimen figured (PI. XIX, f. 11) from Lough Fern, Co.
Donegal, may be taken as an example of the typical form.

Several similar ones may be noted among the fossil forms
(PI. XIX, f 25 cr, b ; 31 a, b ; 34 d, e,f).

Very rounded individuals are shown from Swinton, Lancashire
(PI. XIX, f. 1 a, b & 17 o, b), from Lochmaben, Dumfrie^shiie

* Tins feature misled Jeffreys, for a set of P. pusillum in the Norman
Collection at, the British Museum marked "P. nitidum examiued by Jeffreys ''
[1911. 10.26: 78:26-45] exhibits this feature, and in other respects also tallies
closely with Jeffreys' description of P. mtidtim in his " British Conehology."

BPEC1K3 OF PIS1DIUM. 47

(PI. XIX, f. 15 a) and from Bohemia (PI. XIX. f. 12 a). Both
the lust two instances occur in association with an oval form
(PL XIX, f. 156 & 12 b) that outwardly resembles P. pusillum ;
as also do examples from Church Close, Mortehoe, Devon (PI. XIX,
f. 10).

An approach to P.^ersonatum is seen in some specimens like those
from Gt. Gaddesden, Herts (PI XIX. f. 14 & 37 a, b). Trigonal
forms recalling P. casertanum in miniature are those from Loutli,
Lincolnshire (PI. XIX, f. 25), Button Coldtield, Warwickshire
(PI. XIX, f. 2SJ a, 6), and the fossil example from the Holocene
of Newbury (PI. XIX, f. 27).

The amount of inflation varies from the normal as represented
in the Longh Pern specimens (PI. XIX, f. 5) to the more tumid
forms from Tenhy (PI. XIX, f. 4) or in the direction of compression
to that from the Lea Valley (PI. XIX, f. 7).

DISTRIBUTION.

si

01

HB
8

M

'«

N8 CA
88
RW RE EL
Wl El PN
AM PM FF
DN SG PC
1 RF LL

BF
AS
Kl
KF
ED

AN
NO

AY LA

PE

BW NN

WD

ED

LD

AN

WT KB OF

SK

RX

SN

Mj

TY

AR DJ)

CU

WL

NY

DM

WM

SL

LE

MO

ML

MY

EY

EM

RO

cv

LH

SL

WY

SY.

LN

A

WG

NJj

LF

WH

ME

CK DB

FT

CH

DY

NM

LS

SG

101

JLD

N

MN

MG

SP

ST

LR

£R

WN E_N

Cl

NT

QC

cw

Wl

CD

RA

HF

WO

ww

NO

HM J5 15

NK LK

ST

KK

wx

PB CM

BR

GE

ox

BJ(

BD

IT NE

SK MC

EC

WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

JLS

«,«£

we

I

MS

RW

NH

SR-JjfK EK

NO SS DT SH WX EX
EC SO IW

WC

Cl

Pisidium nitidum.

(Recent occuirences are shown in red: fossil occurrences Ly a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

43 CATALOGUE OF

RECENT.

ENGLAND.

LONDON. — U.

Hampstead [J. E. C.],
BERKSHIRE.— BK.

Old Windsor [J. E. C.].
BUCKING FIAMSHIRE. — BX.

Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.] ; Tver [J. E. C.] ; Weston Turville

[J. E. C.].
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Bicldey [C. O.] ; Birkenhead [E. R. S.] ; Budworth [A. S. K.] ;

Knutsford [C. 0.]; Motlratu St. Andrew [0. 0.] ; Mouldsworth

[J. E. C.].
CORNWALL.— EC. & WC.

Truro [B. B. W.].
CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Allonby [W. J. F.] ; Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.j.
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND,

Morthoe district [J. L.j.
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — (3D.

Newton Abbot district [B. B. W.].
DURHAM. — DM.

Cockerton (Darlington) [C. 0.].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

Hoe Moor [J. E. C.].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Gt. GaddeucTcn [C. 0.] ; Lea River [W. M. W.].
KENT, EAST.— EK.

Sissinghurst [A. S. K.J,
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Keston [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL.

Soutbport [E. It. S.].

LEICESTKRSHtRK. - Lit.

Glenfield [C. 0.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Caistor (Croxby Pond) [C. S, S,] ; Linwode [C. S. C.] ; Loutb
(Burwell Wood) [C. S. C.] ; South Kelsey [C. S. C.] ; Tathwell
[C. S. C.] ; Tetney [C, S. C.].

Colnbrook [J. E. C.] ; Edgeware [J. E. C.] ; En field [J. E. C.] ;

Stanmore [ J. E. C.] ; Uxbridge [J. E. C.l ; West Dravton

[J. E. C.|.
NORFOLK, WEST. — WN.

Caslle Rising [J. E. C.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Long Handborough [H. C. N.].

Sl'KCIES OK PISH) I CM. 49

SOMERSETSHIRE, XORTH. — NS.

Portishead Moor & Kenn Moor [B.M. 53.12.6: 22-31 &

1911.10.26: 7804-09J; Walton Moor [B.M. 53.12.6: 32-41

& 1911.10. 26: 7738-41].
SOMERSETSHIRE, SOUTH. — SS.

Dunster [C. 0.1.
STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Cannock Chase [H. 0.]; Wojverhampton (Canal) [H, 0.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgb [A. S. K.] ; Mendlesham [A. M.] ; Walberswick

[J. E. C.].
SUFFOLK, WEST.— WS.

Mildenhall [A. M,] ;~ Wetherden [A. M.].
SURREY. — SB.

Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.].
SUSSEX, EAST. — EX-

Bayham [A.' S. K.] ; Pevensoy Level [A. W, S.],

AVARWICKSHIRE. WW.

Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH- WEST. — WY.

Halifax [A. S. K.].
ISLE OF MAS. — lit.

Xear Ballaugh IT. T.],
ISLE OF WIGHT. — IW.

Sandown [H. C. X.J,

WALES,

PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.

Tenby [W. M, W.] [J. E. C.j [H. C. X.].

SCOTLAND.

DUMFRIES,— DF.

Locbmaben [A, S. K.].
HADDIXGTOXSHIRE, — HD.

LulTness Links [C. S.],
SELKIRK. — SK.

Meigle Moss [A. S. K.].

WlGTONSHlRE. WT.

Whithorn [E, C.],

IRELAXD.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Belvoir Park, Belfast [D. M.] ; Dhu, L., Sallagh Braes (1100
feet) [A. W. S.] ; Kilcorrig [J. X. M.] ; Lagan [J. X. M.] ; Xeagh,
L. [J. W. J.].
CLARE.— CL.

Cratloe Lakes [ R. A. P.] ; Inishmorc (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.] ;
Porteen, L. [F. t,],

B

50 CATALOGUE OF

CORK, MID. — MC.

Cork Park [R. A. P.] [A. S. K.j ; Innisearra [R. A. P.].
CORK, WEST. — WC.

Avanl, L. [K. H. J.] ; Clear, I. [R. A. P.].
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

?Bundoran [D. M.] ; Craigs [D. M.] ; ? Letlerkenny [D. M.] ;

Tullynacross [H. T.J ; Vearty, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Adeery, L. [H. T.] ; Fern, L. [J. N. M.] ; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.] ;

? Letterkcnny [D. M.].
DOWN.— DO.

Avoniel [D. M.] ; Lagan [J. N. M.].
DUBLIN.— DIL

Milltown [R. A. P.] ; Rathfamham [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7861-

62].
FERHANAG H . — FE .

Glencreawan, L. [H. T.] ; Tempo [D. M.] ; Tully lough More

[H. T.] ; Vearty, L. [H. T.].
GALWAT, SOUTH. — SGr.

Oranmore [11. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. B.] ; Tallanafrankagh,

L. [R. A. P.]
GALWAY, WEST.— WG.

Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterard [R. A. P.].
KERRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.].
LEITRIM. — LE.

? Bundroes [D. M.].
LIMERICK. — LK.

Dromore [R. A. P.]
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Coolkeeragh [D. M.] [J. N. M.] ; Enagh, L. [J. N. M.] ; Rosser

Bay [D. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.].
LOUTH. — LH.

Ardee [J. N. M.].
MAYO, WEST.— WM.

Achill, I. [A. W. S.]; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Dooaghtry, L.

[A. W. S.J ; Inishturk [A. W. S.] ; Louisburgh district

[A. W. S.].

MONAGHAN. — MO.

Glaslough [D. M.].
QUEEN'S COUNTY. — Q,C.

Rathdowney [R. A. P.],
ROSCOMMON. — RO.

Bushey Park [D. M.] ; Woote Park [D. M.].
SLIGO. — SL.

Talt, L. [A. S.K.I.
TIPPERARY, NORTH. — NT.

Finnoe [D. M.].
WEXFORD. — WX.

Enniscorthy [R. A. P.] ; Rosslare [R, A. P.].

SPECIES OF riSIDI CXI. 51

FOSSIL.

HOLOCENE.

LONDON. — 3L.

Between Canning Town & Stratford [lUI.—L. 10046 part] ;
Chingford [A. S. K.] ; New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.] ; London
Wall [A. S. K.] ; Shand Street [A. S. K.] ; London County Council
Hall, Westminster Bridge lload [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.]
[B. B. W,] [B.M.— L. 6736-7 & 6750] ; Westminster [B. B. W.].

BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Newbury [A. S. K.] [TUr.— L. 13217 pars]; WalliujrforJ
(Bed A) [A. S. K.].

BOOKING HAMSHIRE. — BX.
Boveney [J. E. C.].

ESSKX, NORTH. — NE.

Itoxwell [B.M.— L. 7038].

MlDDLRSKX. MX.

Bonder's End [A. S. K.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.J.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HIT.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, Mm. — ML.

Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.J.

Ox FORDS H I RE. — OX,

Clifton-Hampden (Bed B) [A. S. K.J.
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blyth burgh [A. S. K.J.
SUFFOLK, WFST. — WS.

Knettisball [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.J.

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Gay field) [M. P. G.].

IRELAND.
CLARE. — CL,

?Ballyalla, L. [A. S. K.J; ? Corofin [A. S, K.J; Inchiquin, L.

[A. S. K.J.
DOWN.— 10.

Hillsborough [A. W. S.J.
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Magheragera [A. S. K.J.
GALWAY, NORTH. — NGr.

Cloubrock [A. S. K.J [D. M.J ; Menlough [A. S. K.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SGK

Ballinasloe [11. A. P.J.

KlLDARE. — KD.

Ballybetagb [A. S. K.J.

E2

b'2 CATALOGUE OF

KING'S COUNTY. — KG.

Lusmagh [A. S. K.].
LIMERICK. — LK.

Bliach, L. [A. S. K.]; Kuthurd [A. S. K.j.

AGE DOUBTFUL.

ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.
Copford [B. B. \V.].

PLEISTOCENE.

LOSI>ON. — H.

Angd. lid., Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.].
BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Biddenham [Proslwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23903],
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.— -CB.

Barn well [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [?B.M.— L. 5709, 14931];

Barrington [A. S. K.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Ilford [A. S. K.].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Hitchin [M. P. G. 25707].
KKST, WEST.— WK.

Crayford & Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K.

& B. B. W.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bonder's End (Glacial) [A. S. K.].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Overton Longville [Prestwieh Coll., B.M.--L. 23969].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — E3.

Hoxne [M. P. G. 6048] ; Station [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, \VE«T.— WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].
AViLTSHiRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Fbherton [B.M.— L. 6715].

WoRCfiSTERSHIKE. — WO.

Bricklehampton, near PershorefA. S. K.].

CROHERIAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

West lluntoii [A. S. K.] [N. 31.].

On the Continent this species ranges from Scandinavia [Lynge
Coll.] to Naples [Bellini Coll.], and from France through Tran-
sylvania [Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22378-84 & 22444-55
pars] and llussia [Lindholm Coll.] to Lake Baikal, whence it has
been described as P. yranum, Lindholm (95, p. 87).

The sole reliable records of it in a fossil condition are from the
Holocene of Denmark [Johansen (95, p. 9)] and the Sands at
St. Achcul, France [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 14877].

SPECIES OF IMSIUII'M. 53

5. Pisidium personatxim, Malm.
[Pis. I, f. 7 ; III, f. 5 ; XX.]

1855. Pisidium personatum, n. sp. : Malm, Gotheborge K. Vet. & Vitt.

Saiuh. JIandl., Hft. iii, p. 107, %s.
1850. ? Pisidium nitidum, \Kt.splendens (BaudonMS.) : Moquin-Tandon,

Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 586; Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad.

Oise, Beauvais, iii, 1857, pp. 335 & 337, pi. i, tigs. B.B. [Cf.

specimens in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 ; 22246-49.]
1874 Pisidium fotsarinum, var. curium : Clessiii in Ku'ster, Syst. Conch. -

Cab., ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 34. \_Cf. specimens 'in Norman

Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22259-60.J
1890. Pisidinm fontinale, Tar. curium, Cless. : Westerlund, Fauna

palaaret. Region, vii, p. 26.

Pisidium obtusale, var. pecsonatum, Malm : id,, torn, cit., p. 35.

189J. Pisidium clessi?ii, n. sp. [pa?-s] : Surbeck, Rev. Suisse Zool. vi,

p. 482, pi. xii, f. 6-15.

The detection in 1908 (191, p. 124) of this somewhat variable
species in the British Isles has done much to clarify the con-
ception of several others, such as P. casertanum, P. nitidum, and
P. pusillum, with which it had generally been mixed.

Malm's diagnosis (106, p. 107) is : —

" C. orbiculato-ovalis, compressiuscula, tenuissime striata,
sulcisque 1-5 concentricis pr*dita, nitidissima ; lutescens,
margine excepto, lutescenti-cinerea, sed sorde ferruginea
omnino obtecta ; natibus convexis, umbonibus subprominulis.
Sipho perbrovis, validus et ad extrcmitatem valde con-
strictus."

To this may now be appended the following details concerning
the hinge : —

Hinge (PI. I, f. 7 ; III, f. 5) about 1 the length of the shell,
wide, projecting well inwards, very strong, arcuate, with double
flexure in right valve.

K.V. a. /. a little more than ^ the length of the hinge-line, very
stout and strong, curving inwards ; base very strong
and swollen ; apex on distal side of centre, prominent,
somewhat distally directed, pointed obtuse ; ridges
rounded, distal descending very steeply at first, then
gradually, umbonal sloping somewhat less steeply and
descending to a lower level.

a. in. nearly |- the length of a. /., narrow, strong, apposed
to the shell-margin ; apex distal side of centre,
prominent, blunt obtuse ; ridges rounded and sloping
about equally.

3. lamelliform. very prominent, lying close to the shell-
margin, slightly arcuate and somewhat outwardly
inclined, top crcnulate and highest in the centre.

54 CATAI.OutTK OF

p. r. about J- the length of the hinge-lino, stout, strong,
slightly curving inwards ; base strong and swollen ;
apex toward the distal end, prominent, rounded obtuse:
ridyes rounded, umhonal descending fairly steeply,
distal very steeply.

p. in. about i the length of p. /., stout, strong, lying close
to and curving with the shell-margin ; apex distal
side of centre, not very prominent, rounded obtuse ;
ridjes rounded and sloping fairly equally and gradually.
Callus : between the umbonal end of p. ///. and the ligament
pit an irregular shaped, more or less prominent, shelly
mass or callus, is almost always present.

L.V. rt. //. about -| the length of the hinge-line, fairly stout,
strong, straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex
central, exceedingly prominent, rounded acuminate ;
ridyes fairly sharp, sloping about equally and very
steeply, the umbonal descending to a lower level than
the distal.

2. very prominent, obtusely triangular, apex directed
backwards towards the umbo, base continuous with
that of a. n.

4. lamelliform, sharp, not very prominent, anterior por-
tion immediately above 2, close to and parallel with
the shell-margin, posterior portion curving to about
half-way across the hinge-plate.

p. II. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, fairly stout,
strong, curving with the shell-margin ; base very
strong ; apex on distal side of centre, very prominent,
rounded acuminate; ridges fairly sharp, umbonal ridge
descending fairly steeply at first, then gradually.
Callus : a rounded swelling at the umbonal extremity of
p. 71. next the ligament-pit.

Dimensions. — From Scotforth (Lanes.), coll. C. Oldham : Long.
4*75, Alt. 4, Crass. 3 mm. ; from Barnes (Surrey), 3-6 x 3'2 x 2'4
mm.

Typical specimens are less inequilateral than most of the genus
and in this the species compares with P. pusittum and the smaller
individuals of the lake-form of P. casertanum. \Vhen clean the
umbonal regions have a dull silky, or satiny sheen.

From its nearest ally P. nitidum it differs in attaining a larger
si/.e and having a rounder outline, all the teeth are more outwardly
directed ; in the right/ valve the anterior lateral a. in. is much
more closely apposed to the shell-margin, the cardinal 3 is nearly
straight instead of sharply flexed ; whilst in the left valve the
apex of the posterior lateral (p. //.) is nearer the umbo, and the
outer cardinal (4) is, save for its extreme posterior end, parallel
to the shell-margin.

From P. pusiUum it differs in having a heavier hinge, in which
the lateral teeth «. ///. and p. in. are proportionately much shorter.

SPECIES OF 1'ISIDIUM. 55

whilst the cardinal teeth in hoth valves are not so sharp and
straight.

From P. casertanum, even small, lake forms, it is distinguished
by its more globose form, its straighter cardinals, Avhich are more
strictly parallel with the hinge-line; and by the proportionately
larger anterior lateral, a. ///., which lies against the shell-wall
instead of standing out by itself.

Above all it is usually immediately separable from all by the
hall-mark of the species, the peculiar callus that lies in either
valve between the umbonal ends of the posterior lateral teeth
and the ligament-pit.

As typical forms we would select those from Fitton Hall,
Oldham (PI. XX, f. 1), Bassenthwaite (PI. XX, f. 2 & 20 a, b) and
from the Holocene of the Kennet Valley (PI. XX, f. 26 e & g).
Extremely oval forms are met with from Lough Fern, Co.
Donegal (PI. XX, f. 3d & 33 a, b) and from the Holocene of the
Kennet Valley (PI. XX, f. 26 h).

Forms that approach the lake-form of P. casertanum in external
shape are shown from Lancaster (PI. XX, f. 16) and Fair Head,
Co. Antrim (PI. XX, f. 17). As an example of the normal inflation
of the species may be taken that of a specimen from Barnes
Common (PI. XX, f. 4) ; whilst Lancaster yields a flattened example
(PL XX, f. 5), and on the other hand extreme inflation is ex-
hibited by specimens from Colchester (PI. XX, f. 7) and Ziegenhals,
Silesia (PI. XX, f. 8).

DISTRIBUTION.
RECENT.

ENGLAND.1
LONDON. — H.

Barnes Common [B. B. W.] [W. M. W.] ; Hampsfcead [J. E. C.] ;

Putney [W. M. W.] ; Tottenham (11. Lea) [W. M. W.].
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Baguley [C. 0.] ; Bramhall [C. H. M.] ; Mobberley [C. 0.] ;

Mouldsworth [A. S. K.] ; Northenden [C. 0.].
CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.] ; Rockcliffe [J. L.].
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND.

Braunton [J. L.] ; Croyde [J. L.] ; 3Iorthoe district [J. L.].
DURHAM. — DM.

Butterwick [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7949-61.]; Elwick [B.M.

1911.10.26: 7873-78].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Birch [W. M. W.] ; Colchester (?; [W. M. W.] ; West Bergholt

[B.M. 47-11-19: 163-177].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Warley [W. M. W.].

56

CATALOGUE OF

GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Bristol [B. B. W.].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

Fordingbridge [W. M. W.] ; Hambledon [W. M. W.] (as

nitidum, var. lateralis) ; Hoe Moor [J. E. C.].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Watford [B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 91-94].

81

01

NS CA
HB SS

wo

ED

FE

8

M
'CT

10 AN
TY AR D0

RW RE EL
Wl El PN
AM PM FF
DN SG PC
RF LL
AY LA
WT KB OF

1 M

BF
AS

Kl

IE

FO
PE
SK
CU

AN

HD

BW
RX

NN

SN
NY

DM

WM g|_

LE

MO

1 Itl

ML

MY

EY

EM

RO

CV LH

SL

WY

SY

LI

A

*6 NG

LF

WH ME

CR DB

FT

CH

DY

NM

L8

M

KG

KD BU

MN

MG

SP

ST

LR

CB

WN

EN

Cl NT

QC

CW Wl

CD

RA

HF

WO

WW

NO

HU

WS

NK W ST

KK

WX

PB CM

BR

GE

ox

BX

BD

HT

JJI E

SK MC EC

WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

BK

MX-.SE

WC

NS

SW

NH

SR— WK

EK

E8

NO 83 DT SH WX EX
EC 80 IW

WC

Cl
Pmdiwn personaium .

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

ISLE OF WIGHT.— IW. [B.M. 1911.10.20: 7775-93].
KENT, WEST. — WK.

Keston [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, MID. — ML.

Lancaster [A. S. K.] ; Scotforth [C. 0.] ; Silverdale [A. S. K.J.

SPECfES OF PISIDU'M. 57

LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL.

Ashton-under-Lyne [C. ().] ; Oldhain [B. B. W.] ; Southport

[T. 11.]; Swinton [C. O.J [A. S. K.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylest.one [C. O.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH.- — LN.

Louth (Burwell Wood) [C. S. C.] ; lluckland [C. S. C.] ; Tathwell

(Maltby Wood) [C. S. C.J.
NORFOLK, WEST. — WN.

East Winch [B. B. W.].

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. NO.

Kettering (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.
Chiltons, near Shirburn [H. C. N.] ; Oxford [H. C. N.] ; Yaruton

[H. C. N.].

SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. NS.

Clevedon and Kenn Moor [B3I. 53.12.0: 4J-52 jjars &

1911. 10.26: 7909-28.].
SURREY. — SR.

Lingfield [VV. M. W.].
SUSSEX, EAST. — EX.

Bayham [A. S. K.] ; Lewes [C. 0.].
Sussex, WEST. — WX.

Bognor [H. 0.].
WABWJCKSHIRI-:. — WW.

Ashfurlong [H. 0.] ; Suttou Coldfield [H. 0.].
WESTMORLAND. — WL.

Arableside [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7703].
YORKSHIRE, MID- WEST. — MY.

Beal [C. S.] ; Uishopthorpe [B. B. W.] ; York [W. M. W.j

[B.M. 40.10.16: 143-148].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EY.

York [W. M. W.] [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-148].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-EAST. — SY.

Bishopthorpe [B. B. W.] ; Sigglesthorne Station [B. B. W.] ;

York [W. M. W.] [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-148].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-WEST. — WY.

Beal [C. S.] ; Halifax [A. S. K.] ; Huddersfield [B. B. W.].
SCILLY Is.— SC. [J. E. Le B. Toralin.]

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Cemmaes [C. 0.] ; Llyn Penryngwylanod [C. 0.].
CARDIGANSHIRE. — CD.

Llyfrant [J. E. C.].
CARNARVONSHIRE. — CR.

B\vlch Gwynt, near Nevin [H. C. N.].

58

CATALOGUE OF

MERIONETHSHIKE. — MN.

Aberclovey [J. E. C.j ; Arthog [J. E. C.].
PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.

Tenby [W. M. W.] [H. C. N.].

SCOTLAND.

ABERDEENSHIRE, NORTH & SOUTH. — AN. & AS.

Aberdeen [B.M. 42-9-30 : 79-85].
DUMFRIESSHIRE. — DF.

Lochmabcn [A. S. K.].
HADDINGTONSHIRE. — HD.

Lnffness Links [C. S.].
ISLAY, &c. — I.

Colonsay [K. H. J.].
SELKIRKSHIRE. — SK.

Meigle Moss [A. S. K.].

SuTHERLANDSaiEE, SOUTH. SS.

Brora [C. S.J.

IRELAND.
ANTRIM. — AN.

Antrim (Six-Mile-Water) [J. N. M.] ; Brown's Bay [D. M.] ;

Fair Head [J. N. M.] ; Glenshesk [D. M.] ; Kenlane [D. M.].
CLABB. — CL.

? Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.].
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Meenaskeagb, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Fern, L. [J. N. M.] ; Melmorc (Lough & Mfc.) [A. W. S.] ;

Salt, L. [A. W. S.] ; Tory, L. [A. W. S.].
DOWN. — DO.

Newcastle [D. M.].
DUBLIN. — DU.

Lambay [A. W. S.] ; Portrnarnock [D. M.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SC.

Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Loughrea [R. A. P.] ; Portumna

[R. A. P.] ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.].
GALWAY, WEST. — WGr.

Mac Data's I. [D. M.].
KERRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.].
LIMERICK. — LK.

Ballinacurra [F. T.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Enagh, L. [J. N. M.] [D. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. M.].
MAYO, WEST.— WM.

Achitl, I. [A. W. S.] ; Cahir, I. [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ;

Gencullin [A. W. S.J ; Louisburgh District [A. W. S.].
WESTMEATH. — WH.

Mullingar [D. M.],

SPFC1KS OF 1-ISIDir.M. UU

FOSSIL.
HOLOCEXK.

LONDON. It.

Blackfriars [B.M.-L. 0743].
BERKSHIRE. — UK.

Xewbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 1321 7 .par*].
ESSEX, XORTH. — NE.

Chignal St. James [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] ; Felstead Farm [B.

B. W.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Wcstbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.].

SCOTLAND.

EDINBURGH.- — ED.

Edinburgh (Corstorphine) [A. S. K.] ; Edinburgh (Meadows)

[B.M. 98005 pars'].
KINROSS & FIFE. — KF.

Elie [A. S. K.].

IllELAXD.

GALWAY. XoltTII. NG.

Menlough [A. S. K.].

AGE DOUBTFUL.

Es^rx. XoKTir. — NE.

Copford [A. 8. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. 14863; L. 6678-79]
[M. P. G.].

PLEISTOCEXE.

ESSEX, XORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

Woodston [C. E. Y. K.].

This species is probably widely distributed abroad, though
hitherto undetected. It occurs in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll. &
Xorman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22501-02], France and Germany
[Xorman Coll., B.M. 98.5. 29: 22246-49; 22225-33 & 22259-601,
Lake Lucerne [as P. ciessini, Surbeck, pars, Surbeck Coll.], Italy
and Sicily [Bellini Coll. & Coll. Marquess de Monterosato], as well
as in Eubcea [Xorman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22274-76].

Fossil examples hare been recognized from the Pleistocene of
Slutt«art FWiUt Coll.1.

60 CATALOGUE OF

6. Pisidium pusillum (Gmelin) Jenyns.
[Pis. I, f . 8 ; III, f. 4 ; XXI.]

1791. ? Tellina pusilla : Graelin in Linn4, Syst. Nat. 13th ed , i, p. 3231,

no. 16.
1822. Cyclas pusilla [pars] : Turton, Conch. Brit. p. 251, pi. xi; f. 16 & 17 ;

id., Manual, 1831, p. 16, f. 7.
- Ct/cUis fontinalis, Lam, : Nilsson, Hist. Moll. Svecia?, p. 101.

[Fide Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt. Sarah. Ilandl. iii, 1855,

p. 104.]

1831. Cyclas f/ibba, Leach MS. : Alder, Trans. Nat.H.st. Soc. Northumbld.

i, p. 41. (Cf. id. ii, 1838, p. 341.)

1832. Pisidium pi/sillum, Gmel. : Jenyns, Trans. Carab. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 302, pi. xx, f. 4-6.

1852. ? Euglesu hensloiciana, Leach, Moll. Brit. Pynop. p. 291.

1854. Pisum pitsillum, Giuel. : Desliaves, Ca,t. Conch. Brit, Mus. ii,
p. 277.

1853. Pisidium cazerttinum, var. y. thermale : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat.

Mull. France, ii, p. 584.

1853. Musculium pusilluin, Gmel. : Adams, Gen. Kec. Moll, ii, p. 452.
1871. Pisidium milium, \nr.normandianitm, Dupuy : Clessin. Mulakozool.

Blatt. xviii, p. 194. [Vide specimens from Clessin in Lindholm

Coll.]
1899. Pisidium clessini, n. sp. [pars]: Surbeck, Rev. Suisse Zool. vi,

p. 482, pi. xii, f. 6-15.
1903. Corneocyclas (s.s.) pusilla, Gmel.: Dtill, Proc.Biol.Soc. Washington,

xvi, p. 7.
1908. Pisidimn tornense, \\. sp. : OJhner, Naturw. Uutersuch. Sarek-

gebirges, iv, p. 154, pi. iii, f. 9-13.

AVhat the Telluia pusilla of Gmeliu really was will now never
be known ; he describes it (97, i. p. 3231) as :- —

" T. testa oval a rentricoea, tenui transverse striata, cardine
in altera valva edentulo, in altera dente primario duplici."

He applies the name to a shell described in Schrb'tcr's "Geschichte
dcr Flussconchylien" (160, p. 194) as " C'harna fluviatilis trans-
versim striata subovata." The crude figure that accompanies this
description (160, pi. iv, f. 7« & b) represents a very strongly-striato
shell that might be Pisidium pulcJieUum, but the shape of which
suggests a young P. amnicum. Lister, Turton and others applied
the name to the smaller forms of the genus without adequate
discrimination and cannot be quoted.

Jenyns, however, having adopted and applied the name to a well-
deiiiifd form, his selection must be adhered to. His diagnosis (83,
p. 303) is: —

" Testa variabilis, plerumque orbiculabo-ovalis, interdum
suboblonga margine dorsali recto, vix ina3quilateralis ; praa-
ccdenti [P. obtusale] multo magis compressa, marginibtu
acutis; saepius extrauea rubigineobtecta, qua remota, apparent

SPECIES OK riSIDlUM:. 61

striae subtil issimae, non nisi oculo armato conspiciendae ; in
var. y nitida, striis distinctis, profundius iueisis ; umbones
subdepressi, parum prominuli, interdum subacuti."

This fairly sums up the external characters. The particulars of
the hinge are as follows : —

Hinge (PI. I, f. 8 ; III, f. 4) about | the length of the shell,
narrow, especially so under the umbo, rather weak, strongly
curved.

R.V. a. I- about -^ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow,
fairly strong, nearly straight ; base fairly strong,
slightly swollen ; apex near distal end, somewhat
distally directed, not very prominent, very obtuse-
pointed ; ridges sharp, distal descending first steeply,
then gradually, umbonal fairly gradually to a lower
level than the distal.

a. in. about | the length of, and parallel to a. /., a deep
sulcus lying between the two, narrow, straight ; ape.r
about central, not very prominent, very obtuse-pointed ;
ridges sharp and sloping about equally and gradually.
8. laraelliform, sharp, not very prominent, faintly arcuate,
flat-topped, parallel with and close to the shell-margin,
posterior end (I) slightly thickened.

p.i. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
strong, curving with the shell-margin, slightly outwardly
directed ; base strong ; apex near the distal end. not
very prominent, veiy obtuse and rounded; ridges
sharp, umbonal sloping gradually, distal somewhat
more steeply.

•f> in. about \ the length of, and parallel to p. /., a deep
sulcus dividing the two, narrow, sttaight; apex about
central, not very prominent, very obtuse and rounded,
slightly outwardly inclined; ridges sharp, sloping about
equally and gradually.

L.V. a. ii. about \ the length of the shell, very narrow, strong,
straight; base strong and straight; apex near distal
end ; distally direct eel, very prominent, bluntly pointed ;
ridijes sharp, distal ridge descending very steeply at
first, then gradually, umbonal fairly steep, descending
to a lower level than the distal.

2. lamelliform, rather sharp, prominent, parallel with
hinge-margin, top very flatly rounded, with faint trace
of backwardly directed apex, base continuous with that
of a. n.

4- lamelliform, sharp, not very prominent, anterior por-
tion parallel to #, posterior curving slightly towards
inner hinge-margin.

p. u. about \ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow,
fairly strong, curving with the shell-margin, slightly

62 CATALOGUE OF

outwardly directed ; last fairly strong ; apex near
distal end, prominent, pointed, obtuse; ridges sharp,
umbonal sloping gradually, distal very steeply.

Dimensions. — A specimen from Wai worth Wood (Londonderry)
from the collection of Mr. J. N. Milne measures : Long. 4, Alt. 3-4,
Crass. 2'3 mm. ; from Comber (Down) from the same collection is
one 4 x 3-2 x 2-2 mm.

Jenyns distinguished two varieties :— ft in which the umbones
were more prominent, and y in which the striie were more pro-
nounced ; these, however, are quite immaterial distinctions in the
light of present knowledge. His remark that "the shell is certainly
somewhat intermediate in form between that of Cyclcts [Sphariwn]
and Pisidium " is very apt, the comparative great length of the
laterals a.m. and p. ///. as well as the shape recalling &plt<i'i-i.«ii<,
and usually serving to separate it from the other species of
Pisidium.

It may further be distinguished fiom P. personatum, which
it frequently, and from P. nit'ulum, which it sometimes, closely
resembles in external form, by the hinge-characters. The hinge-
plate is not so broad, the teeth are more slender, and the cardinals
straighter and more parallel to the hin<;e-line than in either
of those species. It of course lacks the callus peculiar to P. per-
sonatum, and is more equivalve and oval than P. nitidum.

The periostracum in perishing or half-dead shells is usually
iridescent, an appearance less commonly met with in other species,
and in shell-marls the umbones are very often broken away. The
transition from the nepionic to the adult shell is frequently, .is in
P. nitidum, marked by a series of closer set, strongly marked striae,
which are, however, both coarser and more wide apart than in the
latter species.

Of the numerous forms and variants figured, those from Tenby,
Pembrokeshire (PL XXI, f. 13 & 33 a, 6) are perhaps the most
typical. The rounded form outwardly resembling P. personatum
is represented from llhosncigr, Anglesey (PL XXI, f. 19), and from
the Botanic Gardens at Naples (PL XXI, f. 29 a-d} ; whilst the
extremely elongate-oval is shown from Comber, Co. Down (PL XXI,
f. 14 & 38 a, b\ and the lliver Po (PL XXI, f. 16 & 34 o, b).
An approach to the trigonal form of P. casertannm is that from
Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry (PL XXI, f. 39 a, b).

In degree of inflation this species varies greatly : the example
from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim (PI. XXI, f. 6) is about normal.
The extreme compression appears in specimens from Bracebridge,
Warwick (PL XXI, f. 4) and Kilcorrig, Co. Antrim (PI. XXI, f. 5),
whilst an abnormally tumid example is shown from Comber, Co.
Down (PL XXI, f. 8).

A case of abnormal dentition was met with in an individual from
Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry (PL XXI, f. 35 a, b), the left
valve having two anterior lateral teeth.

SPECIES OF PISIDIUST. 63

The specimens in the Hanley Collection (B.M. 1907.12.30:
512-515) labelled " P. pusillum, British," proved to be P. person-
atum, and judging from the figure may have been utilized by
Forbes and Hanley for their illustration (63, pi. xxxvii, f. 10).

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

WD

NS CA
HB 83
RW RE EL
1 Wl El PN
AM PM FF
' DN 3G PC
' CT RF LL
AY LA
ED LD AM_ WT KB Df
FE_ TY AR DO

BF
A3
Kl
KF
ED
PE
SK
cu

AN

HD
BW

RX
WL

NN
£N
NY

DM

WM

SL

LE MO

IM

ML

MY

EY

ws

EM
NG

RO CV LH
LF WH ME

A
CR DB

FT

SL

CH

WY
DY

•SY
NM

LH

LS

SG

KG KD 0_U

MN

MG

SP

Si

LR

CB

m EN

CL

NT

QC CW Wl

CD

RA

HF

wo

WW

Ml

HU W8 ES

NK LK

ST

KK WX

PB CM

BR

GE

ox

B_X

BD

H_T NE

SK MC

EC

WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

BK

MX

••».

8E

WC

L

NO

NS

33

sw

DT

NH

8H

£R2L)M( EK

WX EX

EC

SQ

IW

80 WC

Cl
Pisidium pusillum.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a lina
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND.
LONDON. — H.

Acton Green [C. S.] ; Barnes [J. E. C.j ; Baling [W. M. W.].
BKKKSFIIRE. — BK.

Cothill [H. C. N.] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.].

64 CATALOGUE OF

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.- — BX.

Chcsham [J. E. C.J ; Halton fj. E. C.J ; Iver [J. E. C.] ; near
Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C.] ; Western Turville [J. E. C.].

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

[Gray Coll., B.M. 1U12. 12. 5 : 56-58.]

CHESHIRE. — CH.

Ashley [C. 0.] ; Baguley [C. 0.] ; Birkenhcad [T. R.J ; Bud-
worth [A. S. K.J ; Knutst'ord [C. O.J ; Marston (Northwich)
[C. O.J ; Northern Etchells [C. 0.] ; Peckham Mere [C. 0.] ;
Sale Meadows [C. 0.].

CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Abbey Holme [J. L.J ; Allonby [W. J. F.] ; Bassenthwaite
[W. J. F.] ; Blaithwaite [J. L.] ; Denventwater [J. L.] ; Wreay

[J.L.].
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND.

Morthoe district [J. L.J.
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — SD.

Topsham [C. 0.].
Prim \M. — DM.

Mainsforth[B.M. 1911.10.26: 7942-45].
HBRTOORDBHIBE. — HT.

Broxbourne [J. E. C.] ; Gt. Gaddesden [C. 0.] ; Marsworth

Reservoir [C. ().] ; Kickmans worth [C. 0.] [J. E. C.] ; Tottcridge

[J. E. C.].
KKNT, EAST. — EK.

Minster [J. E. C.] ; Sissinghurst [A. S. K.].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Plumstead (Abbey Wood) [J. E. C.].
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — LS.

Southport [H. C. N.J; Tarleton [J. W. J.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylestone [C. 0.].

LINCOLNSHIRE, NoUTH. LN.

Alvinghaui (Louth Canal) [C. S. C.] ; Caistor (Croxby Pond)

[C. S. C.] ; Cleatham [C. S. O.J.
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Hampton Court [J. E. C.J ; Uxbridge [J. E. C.J ; Yiewsley

[J. E. C.].
NORTHUMBERLAND, SOUTH.— SN.

Jesmond (Newcastle) [C. O.J.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM.

Hoveringham [C. 0,J; Nottingham [C. O.J ; Sutton [C. O.J.
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

M^arston Copse [H. C. N.J ; Rejectamenta of the 11. Chenvell,

Oxford [H. C. N.J.
SHROPSHIRE. — SP.

Church Stretton [H. O.J.
SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. — NS.

Glastoribury [H. O.J ; Kenn [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7810-27];

Kenn Moor [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7763-65].

SPECIES OK 1'tSIDir.M. 05

STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Barlaton [C. 0.] ; Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Cheadle [0. 0.] ;

Gt. Barr Park [H. O.J ; Himley [H. O.] ; Willei.hall [H. 0.].
SURREY. — SR.

Bytieet [VV. M. W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Thames

(Kew to Richmond) [W. M. W.].
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Sutton Coldneld district [H. O.J [W. M. W.].
WORCESTERSHIRE — WO.

Olaines [C. 0.] ; Worcester [C. 0.] ; Yardley Wood [H. 0.].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-WEST. — WX.

Halifax [W. Cash].
ISLE OF MAN. — IM.

[B.M. 59.5.23: 12] ; near Balluugh [F. T.].
ISI.E OF WIGHT. — IW.

Sandown [H. C. N.J.

CHANNEL ISLANDS.— CI.
Guernsey [J. E. C.].

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Cemmaes [C. S.]; Gaenven [J. E. C.]: Holland Arms [J. E. C.];

Pentraeth [J. E. C.] ; llhosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. C.].
CARNARVONSHIRE. — CR.

Flynnon Lloer (2250') [C. 0.]; Llynan Diwaunedd, Moel

Siabod (1208') [C. O.J; Llynaii Mymbyr (588') Cupel Curig

[C. 0.].
PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.

Tenby [W. M. W.J [H. O.J.

SCOTLAND.

BUTE & CLYDE Is. — B.

Arran, Garbad, L. (900' J, Uric, L. (1C001) [K. H. J.] ; Bute,

Fad. L. [A. W. S.].
DUMFRIES. — DF.

Lochmaben [A. S. "K.].
INVERNESS, EAST. — El.

Ness, L. (at depth of 250-700') [W. M. W.].
KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE. — KB.

Creetown [E. C.].

SlIKT LANDS. SI.

Bressay [Carab.].
WIGTOXSIUUE. — WT.

\Yldthuni [E. C.].

F

66 CATALOGUE 01-'

IRELAXD.
ANTRIM. — AN.

Antrim (Six-Mile-Water) [D. M.] [J. N". M.] ; near Carnlough

(Loughs, 1000', (oW. of) [H. T.] ; L>hu, L., Sallagh Braes

(1,100') [A. W.S.]; Drum Bridge [J.N.M.]; Glenshesk [D.M.] ;

Kilcorrig [J. N. M.] ; Lagan Canal [J. N. M.] ; Neagh, L. [C. O.J

[D. M.] ; Woodburn [D. M.] [A. S. K.].
ARMAGH. — AK.

Corrs Quarry [D. M.] ; Newry Estuary [D. M.].
CARLOW.— CW.

Tinnahinch [R. A. P.].
CLARE. — CL.

Bally vaugh an [D. H.] ; Cratloe Lakes [11. A. P.] ; Dcrg, L,

[D. M.] ; Ennistymon [R. A. P.] ; Goller Lake [11. A. P.] ;

Inishmore (Aran Is.) [11. A. P.] ; Porteen, L. [F. T.].
CORK, WEST.— WC.

Avanl, L., Glengariff [R. A. P.] [K. H. J.] ; Coomerkane, L.

[K. H. J.] ; Mt, Gabriel [R. A. P., very ovalj.
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Acapple, L. [H. T.]; Aghvog, L. [H. T.]; Awaddy, L. [H. T.];

Ballywara, L. [H. T.] ; Columbkille [H. T.J ; Derg, L. [H. T.] ;

Fad, L. [J. N. M.] ; Lee, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Carnboy, L. [A. S. K.] ; Fern, L. [J. N. M.] ; More, L. [A.

W. S.]: Purt, L., Dunfauaghy [D. M.]; Rosapenna, L. [A. W. S.]

[J. N. M.] ; Shivnagh, L. [H. T.] ; Tory I. [J. N. M.J.
DOWN. — DO.

Avoniel [D. M.] ; Comber [J. N. M.]; Drum Bridge [J. JsT. M.];

Lagan Canal [J. N. M.] ; Newry Estuary [D. M.] ; Newtownards

[J. N. M.] ; Portavoe [D. M.] ; Saintfield [J. N. M.].
DUBLIN.— DU.

Milltown [R. A. P.] ; Portmarnock [D. M.] ; Button [D. M.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Awaddy, L. [H. T.] ; Bigwood (Rules Pond) [H. T.}; Derrin-

trig, L." [H. T.j ; Enniskillen [A. S. K.J ; Fir, L. [H. T.] ; Glen-

creawan, L. [H. T.] ; Mallybreen, L. [H. T.] ; Meeuaghmore, L.

[H. T.]; Nafeola, L. [H. T.]; Navar, L. [H. T.] ; Scolban, L.

[H. T.] ; Shean North, L. [H. T.] ; Tully Lou-h [H. T.] ; Tully-

lough More [H. T.] ; Tullynaloob, L. '[H. T.] ; Tullyvogy, L.

[H.T.].
GALWAT, NoRrn. — NG.

Ballindooly [R. A. P.] ; Cloubrock [D. M.] ; Meulough [D. M.]

[A. S. K.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SG.

Atorisk, L. [R. A. P.]; Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Dcrg, L. [D. M.];

Kilmacduagh [R. A. P.]; Rea, L. [R. A. P.]; Tallanafrankagh,

L. [R. A. P.] ; Woodford (L. Atlee) [R. A. P.].
GALWAY, WEST. — WG.

Callow, L. [D. M.]; Inishbofin [A. W. S.] ; Oughterard

[R. A. P.].

srr.cins OK PISIDIUM. P>7

KERRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory [A. W. S.].
LIMKRICK. — LK.

Dromore [R. A. P.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Coolkeeragh [J. N. M.] ; Culmore [J. X. 31.]; Enagh, L.

[J. N. M.] ; Walworth Wood [J. N. 31.].
MAYO, WEST.— -WM.

Aebill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Bunnamucka, L., near Newport [A. TV.

S.] ; near Carrowmore [A. \V. S.J ; Clare, I. [A. S. K.] ; Crew-

aghaun, L., nr. Newport [A. TV. S.] ; Dooaghtry, L. [A. \V. S.] ;

Inish Turk [A. W. S.] ; Mask, L. (120-160') [A. S. K.J : Roonah,

L., Louisburgh [A. W. S.].
MONAGHAN. — MO.

GJaslo.igh [D. M.] ; Ross, L. [J. N. M.].
QUEEN'S COUNTY. — Q,C.

Nut Grove [D. M.] ; Rathdowney [R. A. P.].
. — SL.

Cliffoney [D. M.] ; Collooney [D. 31.]; Talt, I, [A. S. K.].
TII-PERARY, NORTH.— NT.

Cloughjordan [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. 31.] ; Finnoe [D. M.].
TIPPERARY, SOUTH. — ST.

Thurles [R. A. P.].

WTATERFORD. WA.

Near Waterford [A. TV. S.].
WESTMEATH. — WH.

Drin, L., Mullingar [A. TV. S.].
WEXFORD. — WX.

Enniscorthy [R. A. P.].

FOSSIL.

HOLOCENE.

LONDON. — H.

Between Canning Town & Stratford [B.M. — 10046 pars] ;

Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.J ; London County

Council Hall, Westminster Bridge Road [A. S. K.] ; London Wall

[A. S. K.] ; New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.] ; Shand St. (Bed B)

[A. S. K.J ; West India Docks [M. P. G.J.
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. TV.].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.— BX.

Boveney [J. E. C.].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Shalford [A. S. K.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Dagonham [A. S. K.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-on-Sevorn [A. S. K.].

F2

68 CATALOGUE OF

HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Hitchin [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, MID. — ML.

Haweo Water, Silverdale [A. S. K,] [J. W. J.] ; Warton Crag

(Dog Holes) [J. W. J.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Uxbridge [A. S. K.].

Ox FORDSH1KE. OX.

Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgh [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, WEST.— WS.

Knettishall [A. S. K.].
SUIUIET. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.].

SCOTLAND.

EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Corstorphine) [A. S. K.]; (Meadows) [B.M. 98005

pars],
KINROSS & FIFE. — KF.

Elie [A. S. K.].

IRELAND.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Megaberry [A. W. S.].
CLARE.- CL.

Caberhene, L. [A. S. K.] ; Incbiquin, L. [A. S. K.] ; Monana,

L. [A. S. K.] ; llinro [A. S. K.].
DOWN. — DO.

?Ballyfiuder [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.].
DUBLIN.— DU.

Dunsougbly [A. S. K.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Carra, L. [A. S. K.] ; Kilnamadoo [A. S. K.] ; Magheragera

[A. S. K.].
GALWAT, NORTH. — NG.

Clonbrock [D. M.] ; Menlougb [A. S. K.].
GALWAY. SOUTH. — SGr.

B.illinasloe [11. A. P.] ; Portumna [R. A. P.].
KING'S COUNTY. — KC.

Eglish [A. S. K.].
MAYO, EAST.— EM.

Lakelands [A. S. K.] ; Manulla Junction [A. W. S.].
MEATH.— ME.

?Kells [A. S. K.] ; Mentrim, L. [A. S. K.].

SPECIF.S OF prsiDiuif. 69

AGE DOUBTFUL.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23951].
ESSKX, NORTH. — NE.

Copford [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. 14862 pars & L. 6678 &

18610] [M. P. G.] ; llaine [B.M.— L. 6680].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

DefFord [Prestwich Coll. : B.M.— L. 23954].

PLEISTOCENE.

LONDON. — %.

Shacklcwell Lane [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23976].
BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23964].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Barnwell [A. S. K.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Ilford [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HIT.

Woodston [C. E. Y. K.].
KENT, WEST. — WK.

Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Ponders End (Glacial) [A. S. K.]. «,

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Overtoil Longville [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23970].
SUSSEX, WKST. — WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Bricklehampton, near

Perahore [A. S. K.].

CROMERIAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

West Runtou [A. S. K.] [M. P. G.].

This species is so imperfectly known on the Continent that one
can only give the localities whence it has been personally recog-
nized. These, however, show that it is widely spread : they are : —
Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], Bavaria and Transylvania [Norman
Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22272-3; 22548-9 &' 22550-2], Lake
Lucerne (63-120 m.) described as P. dessini, Surbeck (168,
p. 482) *, River Po, also Naples and Sicily [Bellini Coll.].

As a fossil it has been met with in the Pleistocene (Campinien)
of Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels],

* Many of Clessin's species from the deep waters of Swiss lates probably
also belong to this species.

70 CATALOGUE OF

7. Pisidium milium, Held.
[Pis. IT, f. 10 ; IV, i. 3; XXIX, f. 7-30.]

1832. Pisidium pukhellum, var. 8 : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 306, pi. xxi, f. 4 & 5.
1836. Pisidium milium : Held, Isis, 1836, col. 281. [Fide Clessin, Malak.

Blatt. xviii, 1871, 190 ; xix, pi. i, f. 1.]
1849. Pisidium gassiesianum : Dupuy, Cat. extram. Galliae Test. [Feb.,

]849] [p. 4] No. 232 : Gassies, Tabl. Moll. Agenais [Mar., 1849]

p. 207, pi. ii, f. 11; Dupuy, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, 1852,

p. 685, pi. xxx. f. 7.

Pisidium normandianum : Dupuy, Cat. extram. Gallias Test. [p. 4j

No. 235; id., Hist. Nat. Moll. Fiance, 1852, p. 686, pi. xxxi, f. 1.

1854. P'sidium tetragonum, Nob. : Normand, Coup d'ceil Cyclades

Nord, p. 5.

1855. Pisidium baudonianum, P. de Cess. : Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat.

La Creuse, ii, p. 74.

Pisidium arceeforme, n. sp. : Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt.

Sarah. Handl., N.F. iii, p. 101, figs.

1856. Pisidium cazertanum, (. normandianum & rj. gawiesinnwn : Moquin-

Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll France, ii, pp. 584 & 585.

Pisidium pusillum, 8. aUfgatwn, Baudon MS. : Baudon in

Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 587.

Pisidium pusi/lum, F. quadrilaterum, Baudon MS.: id., Inc. cit.;

Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857, p. 333, pi. i, f. D.

1857. Pisidi'im </ax*iesia>nim, var. C. alliyata, nob. : Baudon, torn. cit.

pp. 338 & 341, pi. ii, f. A.
1859. Pisidium roseum [Jeff, nori] Scholtz : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat.

Hist., Ser. in, vol. iii, p. 38, pi. ii, f. 3 a-c ; id., Brit Conch, i,

1862, p. 26.
1890. Pisidium casertanum, var. yassiesianum : Westerlund, Fauna

palaarct. Region, vii, p. 28.

That Jenyns failed to recognize the distinctness of this species
when he wrote his Monograph is certainly stransre, but the
examples before him belonged curiously enough to the less common,
rounded form. It has of course been long known that Jenyns'
Pisidium pulchellum, var. $ was the form in question, and specimens
so marked and endorsed on the bottom of the box " These speci-
mens examined and pronounced correct by llevd. L. Jenyns " from
the late C. Ashford's collection were in the possession of the late
llev. R. Ashington Bullen.

.As already mentioned (ante, p. 8) Held's name has been adopted
for this form on the testimony of Clessin, for, as will be seen, the
original diagnosis (77, col. 281) is very scanty, it reads: —

" P. testa globosa, subtrigono-rotundata, albicante, pellucida,
striata, margine sub-hebetata, natibus prominulis, retusis."

In 1849 it was recognized in France, and between that date

and 1857 variously described under different names. From these

descriptions Baudon's (9, p . 339) may be taken as being the best : —

"Concha tetragona, antice praesertim parum elongata, sub-

ventricosa, subobliqua, nitida, corneo-lutea aut flavidula;

margine subrecto ; apice rotundato, prominente, striis regu-

lurilms, aliis crassis, aliis tcnuibus. Caidine recto, tenui :

SPECIES OF

dentibus cardinalibus minimis, sa?pe subnullis lateralibus
compressis, vix prominulis, ligainento brevi, miuimo."

The further description of the hinge-characters necessary to
supplement the above is as follows : —

Hinge (Pi. II, f. 10 ; IV, f. 3) about f the length of the shell,
fairly strong, narrow, especially the middle third under the umbo,
projecting slightly inwards, slightly curved, with two flexures.

K.V. a. /. about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
slightly bowed inwards; base strong, straight; apex
near distal end, prominent, bluntly obtuse ; ridges
fairly sharp, about equally steep, the umbonal de-
scending about twice as low as the distal.
a. nr. about ^ the length of, and parallel to a. /., straight,
narrow, outwardly inclined ; apex central, very obtuse-
pointed ; ridges sharp and descending equally and
gradually.

3. lamelliform, sharp, not very prominent, flat-topped,
faintly arcuate, parallel with the shell-margin.

p. I. about | the length of the hinge-line, very narrow,
strong, faintly bowed inwards ; base fairly strong,
shelving down into the shell-wall ; apex near distal
end, not very prominent, pointed, obtuse ; ridges some-
what rounded, umbonal descending gradually to a
lower level than the distal which is somewhat steeper.
p. in. about ^ the length of, and parallel to p. /., narrow,
somewhat outwardly inclined ; apex distal side of
centre, not very prominent; ridges sloping fairly
gradually and equally.

L.V. a. //. about | the length of the hinge-line, fairly narrow,
slightly bowed inwards ; base strong, shelving down
into the shell-wall ; apex distal side of centre, very
prominent and acuminate ; ridges sharp, distal de-
scending very steeply at first and then gradually,
umbonal very steeply to a lower level than the distal.
,?. prominent, very obtusely triangular, parallel with
hinge-margin ; apex outwardly directed.

4. lamelliform, sharp, slightly arcuate, curving round
and parallel to the apex of 2.

p. //, about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
slightly inwardly bowed ; base strong, shelving down
into shell-wall ; apex near distal end, very prominent,
acuminate ; ridges sharp, umbonal sloping gradually,
distal very steeply.

Dimensions. — Held's specimens must have been very small, for
his measurements converted into millimetres are : — Long. 1*8,
Alt. 1'6, Crass. 1-5 mm. Baudon gives 2'5 or 3x2*5 or 3x2-5
and Clessin 3'2 x 2'5 x 2'3 mm., but a specimen from Cemmaes Bay
(Anglesey) is 3-6 x 3 x 2'7 and one in Mr. Oldham's collection
from Dean Row, Wilmslow (Cheshire), attains 3'75 X 3 X 2'25 mm.

As a rule this species is recognizable at the first glance owing
to its quadrangular shape (PI. XXIX, f. 16 a, 23 & 27). In the
few instances in which it assumes a rounded exterior and
approaches other species in form, it is at once known by the very
narrow and fairly straight hinge-line and the slender cardinals
which run in the direction of the hinge-line and in the left valve
are parallel to each other.

PI. XXIX, f. 22 shows one of the more rounded forms similar
to Jenyns' Pisidium pulchellum, var. S.

Fig. 8 on the same plate shows an example whose inflation is
a little in excess of the normal, fig. 9 one of maximum inflation
and fig. 11 a flattened form. Figs. 10 & 30 illustrate the
peculiar variant of the species occurring in the Holocene at
Gayfield, Edinburgh, in which the umbones are strangely pro-
duced.

DISTRIBUTION.
si

01

WM

NS CA
HB 88
RW RE EL
8 Wl El PN
AM PM FF
M ON 86 PC
1 CT E RF LL
AY LA
WO ED 10 AN VVT KB OF
LE TY AR LI1
SL LE MO

BF
AS
Kl
KF
ED
PE
SK

cu

AN

HD

BW

RX
WL
E

NN
SN
NY
MY

DU
EY

Ed RO CV LH

A •

SL

WY

SY

LN

WG

M LE WH UL

CR DB

FT

CH

DY

NM

LS

SG KI O DU

MN

MG

SP

ST

LR

CB

WN

m

u

NT QC CW Wl

CD

RA

HF

WO

WW

NO

HU

m

f!K

LK

3T KK WX

PB CM

BR

GE

OX

BX

BD

NT

NE

SX

MC

EC WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

M

MX

IL

we

NS

SW

NH

Sfii

ItflK

EK

L

NO

SS

DT

SH

WX

EX

EC

SD

IW

sc we

Li

Cl
Pisidiwn m iliu m .

(Recent occurrences are shown in »W: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

SPECIES OF PISIDII'M. 73

RECENT.

ENGLAND.

LONDON. — H.

Acton [J. E. C.]; Blackheath [B.M. 98.5.20: 22517-35

pars']; Fulham [T. R.] [B.M. 85.8.16: 13-21]; Hampstead

[J. E. C.] ; Henclon [J. E. C.].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Old Windsor [J. E. C.] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Cheaham [J. E. C.] ; Denham [J. E. C.] ; Halton Canal

[J. E. C.] ; near Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C.].
CHKSHIRE. — CH.

Adlingron [C. 0.]; Alderley Edge [C. 0.]; Ashley [C. 0.];

Baguley [C. 0.] [T. R.] ; Bredbnry [C. 0.] ; Budworth [A. S. K.J ;

Dean Row (Wilmslow) [C. 0.]; Kelsall [C. 0.]; Malpas

[C. 0.] ; Northern Etchells [C. 0.] ; llomiley [C. O.J.

CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Blaithwaite [J. L.] ; Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.J ; near Carlisle

(?) [J. L.] ; Corby [J. L.].
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND.

Braunton [J. L.] ; Morthoe district [J. L.].
DURHAM. — DM.

Mainsforth [B.M. 1911. 10. 26: 7039-41].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Chehnsford (R. Cann) [W. M. W.].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

R. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7774] .
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Ashridge [C. 0.]; Broxbourne [J. E. C.] ; Gt. Gaddesrlen

[C. 0.] ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; Totteridge [J. E. C.].
KKXT, WEST.— WK.

Keston [A.. S. K.] : Penshurst [A. S. K.] ; Plumstead [A. S. K.J.

LANCASHIRE, SotTTH. SL.

Liverpool [A. S. K.] : Oldhara [W. M. W.] [A. S. K.].

LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.
Aylestone [C. 0.].

LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Caistor [C. S. C.] ; Cleathem [C. S. C.] ; Hanghara (Skirbcck)
[C. S. C.]; Revesby [C. S. C.] ; South Kelsey [C. S. C.] ; Tath-
well [C. S. C.] ; Tetney [C. S. C.].

MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bushey Park [J. E. C.] ; Colnbrook [J. E. C.] ; Edgcwnre
[J. E. C.] ; Enfield [J. E. C] ; Harefield [J. E. C.] ; Ponder'*
End [J. E. C.] ; Stanmore [J. E. C.] ; West Drayloii [J. E. C.].

NORFOLK, EAST.— EN.
Norwich [B. B. W.].

/ 4 CATALOGUE OP

NORFOLK, WEST. — WN.
Castle Rising [J. E. C.].

NoTTIKOHAKBHIBB. — NM.

Hoveringham [C. 0.] ; Nottingham [C. 0.] ; Sutton [C. 0.]
[T. R.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Marston Ferry (R. Cherwell) [H. C. N.].

So. \IER9ETS HIRE, NoKTH. NS.

Glastonbury [H. 0.] ; Kenn Moor [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7762];

Walton Moor [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7742-43J.
SOMERSETSHIRE, SOUTH. — SS.

Dunster [C. O.J.
STAFFORDSHIRE. —ST.

Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Gt, Barr Park [H. O.J ; near Stafford

(Canal) [E. C.] ; near NValsall [H. O.J.
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgh [A. S. K.] ; Lowe.stoft [A. M.] ; Southwold

[J. E. C.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Santon Downham [A. M.].
SUKREY. — SK.

Dorking [B.M. 86. 7. 26 : 78-79] ; ChertseyjMead [B. B. W.] ;

Thames (Kew to Richmond) [VV. M. W.J.
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Sutton Colclfield district [H. 0.].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EY.

Trenholm Bar [W. M. W.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 16 : 143-48].
YORKSHIRE, MID- WEST. —MY.

Baildon [B. B. W.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 16: 143-48].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-EAST. — SY.

York [B.M. 40.10.16: 143-48].
YORKSHIRF,, SOUTH- WE^T. — WY.

Ackworth [Ashford Coll.— R. A. Bullen].
ISLE OF MAST. — IM.

Near Ballaugh [F. T.].

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Cemmaes [C. S.] [J. E. C.] ; Gaerwen [J. E. C.] ; Penlraeth

[J. E. C.] ; Rhosneigr [C. 0.] [J. E. C.].
CARNARVONSHIRE. — CR.

Criccieth [J. E. C.] ; Flynnon Lloer (2250') [C. 0.].
GLAMORGANSHIRE. — GM.

Llandaff [B. B. W.].
MERIONETHSHIRE. — MN.

Gwernen Lake [J. E. C.].
PEM BROK F.SHIRE. — PB.

Tenby [C. S.] [J. E. C.] [H. C. N.].

SPECIES OF PTSIUIUM. /O

CHANNEL ISLANDS.— CI.

Guernsey [J. K. C.].

SCOTLAND.

BUTE, ARHAN, &c. — B.

Fad, L., Bute [A. W. S.].
DUMFRIES. — DF.

Lochmaben [A. S. K.].

HA DDINGTONSIIIRE. HD.

Lufthess Links [C. S.].

IsLAT, &C. 1.

Colonsay (Killoran) [K. H. J.].

Sjif.KIRK. SK.

Meigle Moss [A. S. K.].

IRELAND.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Antrim (River) [D. M.] ; Belfast (Belvoir Pk.) [D. M.] ;

Glenavy, R, [D. M.] ; Glenshesk [D. M.J ; Lagan Canal [J. N. M.J

[D. M.J; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] [D.'M.J; Portmoe Lake [D. M.J;

Woodburn Dam [A. S. K.].
CARLOW. — CW.

Tinnahinch [R. A. P.].
CLARE.— CL.

Cratloe Lakes [R. A. P.]; Derg, L. [D. M.J; Dromolaml

[R. A. P.] ; Glenroe [D. M.J ; Goller Lake [R. A. P.J ; Inishmore

(Aran Is.) [R. A. P.J ; Porteen, L. [F. T.J.
CORK, MID.— MC.

Cork Park; Inniscarra [R. A. P.].
CORK, WEST.— WC.

Clear, I.
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Acapple, L. [H. T.J; Acheson's, L. [H. T.J; Fad, L. near

Moville [D. M.J [J. N. M.J ; Meenaskeagh, L. [H. T.J.
DONEGAL, WEST — WD.

Fern, L. [J. N. M.J; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.J; More, L.

[A. W. S.J ; Rosapenna, L. [A. W. S.J [J. N. M.J.
DOWN.— DO.

Comber [J. N. M.J ; Gla^moss, Comber [D. M.J ; Lapan Canal

[J. N. M.J: 'Newtownaids [J. N. M.J; Porlavoe [D. M.J;

II. Quoile [D. M.J ; Saintfield [J. N. M.J.
DUBLIN. — DU.

Lambay I. [A. W. S.J.

76 CATALOGUE OF

FERMANAGH. — FE.

Aguse More, L. [H. T.J ; Macroagh, L. [H. T.] ; Nafeola, L.

[H. T.]; Nawafcky, L. [H. T.]; Scolban, L. [H. T.] ; Tully

Lough [H. T.] ; Tullylough More [H. T.] ; TuJlyvogy, L. [H. T.j.
GAT,WAY, NORTH. — NGr.

Ballindooly [H. A. P.] ; Ballymoe [D. M.] ; Menlough [D. M.]

[A. 8. K.].
GAT.WAY, SOUTH. — SGr.

Ballinasloe [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.] ; Portumna [R. A. P.J ;

Rea, L. [R. A. P.] ; Tallanufrankagh, L. [R. A. P.] ; Wooddorf

(L. Atlee) [R. A. P.].
GALWAY, WEST. — WG.

Callow, L. [D. M.]; Inishbofin [A. W. S.J ; Oughterard

[R. A. P.]
KERRY, NORTH. — NK.

KillarneyfB.M. 59.6.16: 6].
KKRRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory [A. W. 3.]; Nagarriva, L. [R. A. P.].
KILDARE. — KD.

Monastereviu [D. M.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

? Castle Rock [D. M.J : Enag-h, L. [J. N. M.] ; Walworth Woods

[J. N. M.].
LOIJTH. — LH.

Ardee [J. X. M.].
MAYO, WEST.— WM.

Achill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Bunnamucka, L., near Newport

[A. W. S.] ; Cahir, I. [A. W. S.] ; Clare, I. [A. W. S.] ; Cree-

vaghaun, L., near Newport [A. W. S.] ; Dougan, L., near New-
port [A. W. S.] ; Inishturk [A. W. S.] ; S.W. Mayo [A. W. S.].

MoNAGHAN. MO-

Glaslough [D. M.].
QUEEN'S County. — ftC.

Nut Grove [D. M.].
ROSCOMMON. — HO.

Woote Park [J). M.].
SLTGO. — SL.

Castletown [D. M.].
TIPPERARY, NORTH. — NT.

Cloughjordari [R. A. P.] ; Derg, L. [D. M.] ; Finnoe [D. M.].
TYRONE.— TF.

Auchnadog [D. M.].
WATERFORD. — WA.

Near Waterford [A. W. S.].
WESTMEATH. — WH.

Drin, L., Mullingar [A. W. S,],
WEXFORD. — WX.

Enniseorthy [R. A. P.] ; New Ross [D. M.] ; Rosslare

[R. A. P.] ; Wexford [R. A. P.J.

OF risiwi-M. 77

FOSSIL.

HOLOCEKE.
LONDON. — JL.

Chiugford [A. S. K.] ; London County Council Hall, Westminster

Bridge Road [A. S. K.] ; London Wall [A. S. K.] ; Sliaud Street

(Bed B) [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6750 par*] ;

Lea Valley Alluvial [A. S. K.].
BEUKSHIKE.— BK.

Newbury [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 7934, 13216].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Dngenham [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, MID. — ML.

Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.J.
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Uxbridge [A. S. K.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Cliftoii-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgh [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Knettishall [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.].

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Gayneld) [M. P. G] ; Edinburgh (Corstorphine)
[A. S. K.] ; Edinburgh (Meadows) (B.M. 98,005 part].

IRELAND.
CLARE. — CL.

Caherhene, L. [A. S. K.] ; Iiichiquin, L. [A. S. K.] ; Monana,

L. [A. S. K.].
DOWN.- -DO.

Ballyfinder [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Custle Coole, Enniskillen [A. S. K.] ; Kiluamadoo [A. S. K.];

Magheragera [A. S. K.].
GALWAY, NORTH. — NG.

Menlough [A. S. K.].
G A i. WAV, SOUTH.- — SGr.

Portumna [R. A. P.].

KlLDARE. KD.

Ballybetagh [A. S. K.].
KING'S COUNTY. — KC.

Lusmagh [A. S. K.] ; Eglish [A. S. K.].

78 CATALOGUE OF

LlMEKICK. — LK.

Cappagh [A. S. K.].
MAYO, EAST.— EM.

Lakelands [A. S. K.].
MEATH.— ME.

Kolls [A. S. K.].

PLEISTOCENE.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Barringtou [A. S. K.].

Jl UNTINGDONSHIKE. HU.

Woodston [C. E. Y. K.].
KENT. WEST.— WK.

Crayford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K.
& B. B. W.].
SUSSEX, WEST.— WX.

West Wittering [A. S. KJ,

CltOMERIAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

West lluiiton [A. S. K.] [M. P. G.].

Abroad the species is plentiful in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.],
in France [Baudon (9) and others] and occurs in Germany and
Switzerland [Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 ; 22553-8 & 22440],
whilst Westerlund cites it from Algeria (184, p. '64).

It has been recorded from the Holocene of Denmark [Johansen,
(85, p. 9)] and seen from the Pleistocene ^Cainpinieu) of
Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels].

8. Pisidium pulchellum, Jcnyns.
[Pis. II, f. 1 ; III, f. 8 ; XXIII, f. 1, 3-17, 19, 20.]

1832. Pisidium pulchellum, nobis : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 306, pi. xxi, f. 1.

1843. Ci/clas pulchella, Jenyns: Ilanley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 91.
1852. Pera pulchella : Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. p. 292.
1854. Pisitm pulchellum, Jenyns : Ueshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii,

p. 278.
3859. Pisidium henslowianum, var. pulchellum: Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag.

Tsjvt. Hist, in, iii, p. 37.

18(i2. Pisidium fontinale, var. pulchella : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i, p. 21.
1905. Pisidium nitidum, var. splendcns [pars]: Jackson, Journ. Cuuch.

xi, p. 170.

This, the prettiest of all our British Pisidia, was first recognized
by Leach, who received it from Prof. J. S. Hcuslow and appropriately

SPECIES OF PISlDiril. 79

named it Pent pulchella but never published any description.
Hence it was lett to Jenyns, who recorded it (83, p. 306) as : —

" P. testa oblique ovali, ventricosa, profundius striata; um-
bonibus obtusiusculis, simplicibus."

Unfortunately Jenyns had associated with it as varieties undoubted
examples of P. subtrvncatum and P. milium *, so that his more
extended diagnosis made to cover these becomes inapplicable.

The best specification is probably that by Malm, though the
remarks as to coloration do not hold universally (106, p. 89) : —

" C. oblique ovalis, ventricosa, profundius et eleganter
striata, nitida ; lutescenti-albo, sed plerumque omnino fusco-
cinerea, zonisque 1-4 obscurioribus ; natibus convexis, uin-
bonibus prominulis."

And he further notes : — [Translation]

" Outline everywhere well rounded off, no prominent angle
at the point of junction of the dorsal with the posterior
margin. Total shape oviform, slightly compressed and
oblique. . . Apices of the umbones situated rather far back. . .
None of the small species has so deep and at the same time
so elegantly arranged striae as this."

These deeply cut striae are typical of the species, and impart to
its surface an iridescence such as that displayed by Barton's buttons,
or Kobert's lines.

The detailed characters of the hinge are : —

Himje (PL IT, f. 1 ; III, f. 8) about f the length of the shell,
very strong and wide, projecting well inwards, uniformly arcuate.

1{. V. a. i. a little more than g the length of the hinge-line, strong,
slightly curved inwards ; base very strong and swollen ;
apex on distal side of centre, not very prominent, obtuse-
pointed ; ridges somewhat rounded, sloping about
equally, and fairly steeply.

a. ///. about the length of a. f., outwardly inclined ; apex
fairly central, prominent, rounded-obtuse ; ridyes com-
pressed, somewhat sharp, sloping fairly equally, and
steeply.

3. not very prominent, lamelliform, thin, sharp, top flat
but slightly crenulated, slightly arcuate, parallel on the
whole to the shell-margin, but the extreme posterior
end (6) thickened, grooved and deflected sharply
inwards.

* Specimens named P. pulchellum in the Hnnley Collection proved to
comprise two examples, very smooth, of that species, with one of P. si(btrttn~
cutum (B.M. 1907.12.30: oifi-18) and four of P. mi! Hum (B.M. 1907.12.30:
508-11) all marked simply " British " and probably received from Jenjus.

80

CATALOGUE

l>. I. about i the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight ; base strong, slightly swollen ; apev on distal
side of centre, prominent; ridyes somewhat sharp,
descending about equally and fairly gradually.
p. in. about | the length of, and parallel to p. /., straight,
strong ; apex central, prominent, obtuse-pointed; ridyes
somewhat ronuded, descending about equally and not
steeply.

L. V. a. ii. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong and
straight ; base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex central,
very prominent, sharply acuminate, slightly distally
directed ; ridges sharp, descending about equally, very
steeply.

2. not very prominent, subtrigonal, the rounded apex back-
wardly and outwardly directed, base continuous with
that of a. n.

4. lamelliform, sharp, arcuate, at first almost parallel with
the shell-margin and then curving diagonally backwards
half across the hinge-plate.

p. if. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
curving with the shell-margin ; base strong and
straight ; apex on distal side of centre, distally directed,
very prominent, acuminate ; ridyes sharp, descending
fairly equally and very steeply, especially at first.

Dimensions. — Jenyns' measurements, converted into millimetres,
give : Long. 4, Alt. 3, Crass. 2'5 mm. A specimen in Mr. C. Oldham's
collection from Cemmaes (Anglesey) is identical. One from
Walworth (Londonderry) is 4x3'3x2'6. Malm's is a trifle less,
viz. : — 3-75 x 3 x 2-6 mm.

As a rule the species is immediately recognizable by its sculpturing.
Specimens in which the striae are faint may bear some external
resemblance to rounded forms of P. nitidum, but in P. pulchellam
the hinge is proportionately narrower, and the outer laterals
(a. in. & p. in.) longer, the apices of the inner laterals, especially
the anterior ones, are further from the umbo, whilst the cardinals,
especially 3 of the right valve, arc straightcr and more parallel to
the hinge-line.

At Silverdale (Lanes.) a strongly striate form of P. HUjeborgii
occurs in association with the present species and at first escaped
detection (79). Examples of the former are consequently figured
(PI. XXIII, f . 2 & 18) with the latter for comparison.

Young forms of P. pulchell >m are squarrosc (PI. XXIII, f. 11 a &
l'2a) and the specimens from the Pleistocene of West Wittering,
though more adult (PI. XXIII, f. 13*), take that form.

The most oval variant, and the largest seen, comes from Wai worth
(Co. Londonderry) (PI. XXIII, f. 8, 9 & 16). Other shades of
variation in outline and sculpturing are best gathered from the
figures.

SPECIES OF PISIDIC3T. 81

DISTRIBUTION.

s i

01

NS CA
HB 88

RW RE EL BF AN

Wl El PN AS

AM PM FF Kl

M DN SG PC KF

' CT B RF LL ED HD

AY LA PE BW NN

WD ED LD AN WT K B D F S K RX 8N

FE TY AR £J> CU WL NY DM

WM 8L LE MO IM ML My EY

EM RO CV LH A SL WY SV LN

WG N6 LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8

SG KC KD DU MN MG SP ST LR CB WN EN

CL NT QC CW wi CD RA HF WO WW NO HU *S ES

NK LK ST KK *X PB CM BR GE £X BX BD HT NE

SK MC EC WA GM MM 6W NW BK MXfSE

WC , Ns SW NH SR~WK EK

ND 88 DJ_ SH WX EX
EC SO ~ iw "

8C WC

Cl
Pisldium pulclieliuvn.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND.
LONDON. — U.

Hampstead [J. E. C.].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.— BK.

Boveney [J. E. C.] ; Denham [J. E. C.] ; near Heighten Bu/,/.ard

[J. E. C.].
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Birkenhead [E. K. S.]; Knutsford [C. 0.]; Marston, near

North wicb. [C. 0.]; Northern Etchells [C. 0.].
CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Bassenthwaite [W. J". F.].
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — SD.

Newton Abbot District [B. B. W.] ; Topsham [C. 0.].

a

82 CATALOGUE OF

II KRT FORDS HIRE. — HT .

Aldenham [C. O.J ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.].
LANCASHIRE, Mm. — ML.

Haweswater, Silverdale [C. 0.] [J. E. C.] [J. W. J.].
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL.

Southport [E. 11. S.] [T. 11.].

LlHCOLHBHIKB, NORTH. — LN.

Tetney [C. S. C.].
Mi DOLES KX. — MX.

Bedfont [J. E. C.] ; Bnshcy Park [J. E. C.] ; Hurt-field
[J. E. C.J ; West Drayton [W.*M. W.].

NoBTHAMPTOVSniRB. — NO.

Kettering (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.].
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM.

Beeston Cut [C. S.j ; Nottingham [C. 0.].
OXFORDSHIRE — OX.

Oxford [H. C. N.].
SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. — NS.

Walton Moor [B.M. 53.12.0: 32-41 pars & 1911.10.26:

7737].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Mildenhall [A. M.].
SDRKEY. — SR.

Byflect [NY. M. W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.].
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Birmingham [T. 11.]; Sutton Coldfield district [H. ().]

[W. M. W.].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EF.

Scarborough [Camb.].

WALES.
ANGLESEY. — A.

Cemmaes [C. 0.] ; Llangefni [J. E. C.] ; Pentracth [J. E. C.] ;

lihosneigr [C. O.J [J. E. C.j.
CARNARVONSHIRE. — CR.

Efynnon Llngnry, Capel Cnrig (1786') [C. 0.].

SCOTLAND.

ISLAT, &C. 1.

Colonsay (Killoran), very-smooth [K. H. J.].

SllETLANDS. SI.

Bressay [Camb.].
STIRLING. — SGr.

Howietonn [B. B. W.].
WIGTONSHIRK. — WT. [Camb.].

IRELAND.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Neagh, L. [C. 0.].
CARLOW.— CW.

Tinnahinch [R. A. P.].

SPECIES OF PIS1DIUAT. 83

CLARE.— CL.

Derg, L. [D. M.J ; Goller Lake [R. A. P.].
CORK, MID. — MC.

Inniscarra [R. A. P.].
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Iloshin, L. [H. T.] ; Rushen, L. [H.T.] ; Shivnngh,L. [H. T.J.
DONEGAL, WEST.— WD.

Fern, L. [J. X. M.J.
DOWN.— 10.

Bully nabinch Junction [D. M.J ; Comber [J. N. M.J ; near

Lotighiuisland [D. M.J.
FERMAXA&H. — FE.

llusben, L. [H. T.J.
GALWAY, SOUTH.— SGr.

Dors?, L. [D. M.J; Kilmacduagh [R. A. P.J ; Rea, L. [R. A. P.J;

Tallanafrankagh, L. [It. A. P.J.
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Coolkeeraarh [D. M.J [J. N. M.J; Enagh, L. [J. N. M.J;

Wai worth Wood [J. N. M.J.
MAYO, WKST.— WM.

Aeliill I. [A. W. S.j ; Louisberg [A. W. S.J ; Westpcrt Station

[A. W. S.J.

TlPPEUARY, XORTH. — NT.

Finnoe [D. M.J ; Lough Dcrg [D. M.J.
TITPERARY, SOUTH. — ST.

Thurlcs [R. A. P.J.
TYRONE.— TY.

Roughan, L. [J. N. M.J.
WEXFORD.— WX.

Enniscorthy [R. A. P.J.

FOSSIL.

HOLOCENE.

LONDON.— E.

Between Canning Town and Stratford [B.M. — L. 10046 pars] ;

Chingford [A. S. K.J ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.J.
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Ilford [A. S. K.J.

Ml DD LESEX. MX.

Uxbridgo [A. S. K.J.
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Clifton -Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.J.

SuRRRY. SR.

Near Staincs [A. S. K.].

IRELAND.
DOWN.— DO.

Ballyfinder [A. S. K.J.
MEATH. — ME.

Mentrim, L. [A. S. K.J.

o2

84 CATALOGUE OK

AGE DOUBTFUL.

DORSET.— DT.

Portland [IUI.— L. 10023].

PLEISTOCENE.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.— CB.

Barrington [B.M.— L. 5712jp«rs].
SUSSEX, WEST.— WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].

CROMERIAN.
NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.
West Runton [.A. S. K.].

Although the name frequently occurs in Continental Collections
generally attached to some form of P. casertanum, this species must
be rare on the Continent, for the only living examples met with so
far were from Bornholm [Lynge Coll.].

In the fossil state it has been reported from the Holocene and
Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] and seen from the
Pleistocene (Campinien) of Soignies and Brussels [Mus. Hist. Nat.
Brussels].

9. Pisidium subtruncatum, Malm.
[Pis. II, f. 3 ; III, f. 7 ; XXII.]

1822. Cyclas obtuscdis, Lam.: Nilsson, Hist. Moll. Sveciae, p. 101.
[Fide Malm, GStheborgs K. Vet. & Vitt. Sarah. Handl. iii, 1855,
p. 92.]

1831. Cydasfontinalis, Drap. : Alder, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northumbld.

i, p. 41 ; id., op. cit. ii, 1838, p. 341.

1832. Pisidium pulchellum, vars. /3 & y. Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil.

Soc. iv, p. 300, pi. xxi, f . 2 & 3.
1840. ? Pisidium jenynsii [pars] : Gray in Tui'toii's Manual, p. 285.

1854. Pisidium hensloivianum, var. B. : Bourg. Rev. et Mag. Zool. vi,

p. 105; id., Amenit. Malac., i, 1856, p. 51.

? Pisidium dupuyamtm, nob. : Norman, Coup d'oeil Cyclades Nord,

p. 5. [For figure see Baudon, Me"m. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, 1857,
pi. iv, f. G.]

1855. Pisidium subtruncatum, n. sp. : Malm, Gotheborgs K. Vet. & Yitt.

Sanih. Handl. iii, p. 92, tigs.

1856. Pisidium henslowanum, y. pallidum, and ? e. dupuyanum :

Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 581 ; Baudon,
M6m. Soc. Acad. Oise. iii, 1857, p. 357 & 360, pi. iv, f. G & H.
1862. Pisidium fontinale, var. pallida [non G assies] : Jeffreys, Brit.
Conch, i, p. 21.

1873. Pisidium bartolomceum, n. sp. : Clessin, Correspond.-Bl. zool.-min.

Ver. Regensburg, xxvii, p. 68 ; id., in Kiister, Syst. Conch.-Cab.
ix, abtb. 3, Cycladeen, 1874, p. 31, pi. iii, f. 12-14.

1874. Pisidium turanicum, n. sp. : Clessin in Fedclienko, Izvyest. imp.

Obshchest. Lyubit. Estestvoz. Antrop. i Etuogr. Moskva, xi,
vuip. 1, p. 38, pi. iii, f. 34.

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 85

1875. ? Pisidium tumidum, Colbeau : Clessin in Kiistei1, Syst. Conch.-
Cab. ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 47, pi. v, f. 13-15.

1878. Pisidium poulseni, n. sp. : Clessiu, Malakozool. Blatt. 1878, p. 124,
pi. v, f. 6.

1898. ? Pisidium costulatum, n. sp. : Westeilund, Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad.
imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 1898, p. 180.

Although as already mentioned examples of this well-marked foim
existed in Jenyns' collection, he unfortunately did not detect its
specific distinctness, nor at a later date did Jeffreys, though there is
reason to believe that it formed one element, and perhaps the prin-
cipal one, of his composite P. fontinale. Its discovery in Britain
was due to Dr. Johansen who pointed it out to me iu 1901, and it
was shortly afterwards placed on record (88, p. 17).

Malm's diagnosis (106, p. 92) is : —

" C. peroblique ovalis, veniricosa, tenuissime striata, niti-
dula ; albida, zona inframediana fusca plerumque ornata ;
natibus convcxis, umbonibus parum prominulis. Sipholongus
gracilis, subconicus, truncatus."

He further adds : — [Translation]

" This is ... easily recognized by its oblique shell, which
to the naked eye appears smooth. Its shape is a slightly
compressed oviform. Shell thin and fragile. Curve of dorsal
margin rather regular, though perceptibly straightened ante-
riorly where it merges into the somewhat narrowly rounded
anterior margin. Curve of the ventral margin less convex
than that of the cardinal but more sharply ascending towards
the anterior as well as towards the posterior margin, which
is also slightly convex, and in certain individuals presents
inferiorly a not inconspicuous angle. There is a slightly
perceptible obtuse angle where the dorsal margin passes into
the somewhat rounded, steeply descending, subtruncate posterior
margin."

Save for the absence of appendiculse on the umbones it closely
resembles P. henslowanum in external appearance. The hinge,
however, differs in many respects as the following details show : —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 3 ; III, f. 7) about f the length of the shell,
strong, fairly wide, projecting well inwards, arcuate, more
sharply curved posteriorly.

R.V. a. L about \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight, inclined inwards ; base very strong and
swollen ; apex nearly central, prominent, blunt-
pointed ; ridges somewhat sharp, distal descending at
first very steeply, afterwards almost horizontal, um-
bonal sloping steeply to a lower level than the distal.
a.m. nearly g the length of a. /., narrow, apposed to the
shell-margin ; apex near the distal end, prominent,

86 CATALOG IK OF

acuminate; riilyes sharp, distal fairly sleep, umbonal
less so.

8. prominent, lamelliform, almost straight, slightly diagonal
to the hinge-line.

p. I. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight; lose strong, straight; apex towards distal
side of centre, prominent, rounded-obtuse ; ridyes
somewhat sharp, at first fairly steep, the distal the
more so, then sloping away more gradually.
p. in, about | the length of, and parallel to p. /., straight,
strong; apex near distal end, prominent, rounded-
obtuse ; rid<jes sharp, umboual descending fairly gradu-
ally, distal very steeply.

L.V. a. n. nearly ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight ; base strong and swollen ; upex central, or
towards umbonal side of centre, very prominent, acu-
minate, slightly distally directed ; ridyes somewhat
sharp, distal descending at first very steeply, then
almost horizontal, umbonal very steep and descending
to lower than the distal.

2. prominent, bluntly triangular, erect, parallel with
margin of hinge-plate ; base continuous with that of
a. //.

4- lamelliform, sharp, flat-topped, anterior portion parallel
with 2, posterior portion curving towards inner hinge-
margin.

p. ll. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight, slightly outwardly directed ; base strong; apex
distal side of centre, distally directed, prominent,
acuminate ; ridyes sharp, umbonal descending fairly
straightly and gradually, distal very steep, especially
at first.

Dimensions. — Malm's measurements are : — Long. 3-25, Alt. 2-6,
Crass. 2 mm. An example from Baguley (Cheshire) in Mr. C. Old-
ham's collection is 4x3x2'25 and one of his from Cemmaes
(Anglesey) attains 4*25 x 3-5 x 3 mm.

Its most characteristic features are : — externally it is very in-
aequilateral, in this respect resembling P. Jiensluivanum, from
inappcndiculate examples of which it may be distinguished by its
rounder umbones, as well as the details of its hinge, for the cardinals
are practically parallel with the hinge-line and 2 & 4 with each
other and 2 is round-pointed and directed outwards, whilst in
P. lunslowanum 2 is sharp-pointed and backwardly directed and all
the cardinals are placed diagonally in respect to the hinge-plate.
These same features of the cardinals and the fact that the apices
of the laterals are further from the umbones than in P. nitidum dis-
tinguish even its rounded forms, from elongate individuals of the
last named.

The species does not appear to have changed its characteristics
from Cromerian times to the present day. Normally it is only

SPECIES OF riSIDIUM. ^i

moderately swollen (PI. XXII, f. 16) but frequently tends to become
considerably so (PI. XXII, f. 17). This latter feature is frequent
in Irish specimens, which often attain a large si/.e in localities
Avhere the associated species of the genus are undersized. One of
the most elongate examples seen came from Salisbury (PI. XXII, f. 2)
and coming from running waters has the hinge strongly developed
in contrast to those from quieter waters as Lochmaben (PI. XXII,
f. 8) and Bracebridge (PI. XXII, f. 7), which are both less elon-
gate and weak in the hinge, whilst examples from llhosneigr
(Anglesey) (PI. XXII, f. 6) are comparatively round. Fossil
examples from the Strand, Xewbnry, and from (iayfield, Edinburgh,
have the umbones greatly developed, and so to a less extent has the
figured recent specimen from Gloucester (PI. XXII, f. 26).

DISTRIBUTION.

31
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Piridium subtrvncatum .

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. -JO.)

88 CATALOGUE OF

RECENT.

ENGLAND.
LONDON. — H.

Barnes [J. E. C.j ; Catford [J. E. C.J ; Ealing [W. M. W.] ;

Eulham Palace Moat [W. M. W.] ; Hampstcad [W. M. \V.]

[J. E. C.] ; Hendon [J. E. C.] ; Tottenham [W. M. W.].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Old Windsor [J. E. C.].

BUCKINGHAMSH tRE. — BX.

Boveney [J. E. C.] ; Chesham [J. E. C.] ; Eton [W. M. W.]

Eton Wick [W. M. W.] ; Halton [J. E. C.] ; Iver [J. E.G.] ; near

Leighton Buzzard [J. E. C.j : Marsworth [C. 0.] ; near Uxbridge

[J. E .C.] ; Wendover Canal [C. 0.] ; Weston Tnrville [J. E. C.].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.— CB. [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 49-55.]
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Baguley [C. 0.]; Birkenhead [E. R. S.]; Bickley [C. 0.]; Budworth

[A. S. K.] ; Chelford [C. 0.] ; Pickmere [C. 0.] ; Sale Meadows

[C. 0.]. '
CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Blaithwaite [J. L.] ; Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.] ; nr. Carlisle (?)

[J. L.].
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND.

Braunton [J. L.] ; Morthoe district [J, L.].
DURHAM. — DM.

Mainsforth [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7929-30].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Bay Mill (Colchester ? ) [W. M. W.].
ESSKX, SOUTH. — SE.

Buckhurst Hill (R, Iloding) [J. E. C.] ; Chelmsford (R. Cann)

[W. M. W.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, EAST.— GE.

Gloucester [W. M. W.].
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

11. Itchen, Southampton [B.M. 1911.10.26 : 7766-72].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Aldenham [C. 0.]; Ashridge [C. 0.]; Broxbourne [J. E. C.] ;

Marsworth Reservoir [C. 0.] ; Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; St. Albans

(R. Ver) [C. 0.] ; Totteridge [J. E. C.].
KENT, EAST. — EK.

Medway, R. [A. S. K.].
KENT, Wr£si. — WK.

Medway, R. [A. S. K.] ; Plumstead [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL.

Southport [E. R. S.] [T. R.] ; Tarleton [J. W7. J.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylestone [C. 0.] ; Glenfleld [C. 0.] ; Staverton [A. S. K.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Caistor CCroxby Pond) [C. S. C.]; Haugham (Skirbeck) [C. S. C.];

Louth Canal [C. S. C.] ; Raithby [C. S.]; South Kelsey [C. S. C.];

Tathwell [C. S. C.].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 89

MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bedfont [J. E. C.]; Bushey Park [J. E. C.]: Colnbrook [J. E. C.J;

Edgewaro [J. E. C.] ; Harefield [C. 0.] [J. E. C.] ; Uxbridge

[J. E. C.]; West Drayton [\V. M. W.] [J. E. C.].
NORFOLK, WEST. — WN.

Hunstanton [J. E. C.].
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM.

Hoveringham [C. 0.] ; Nottingham (Canal) [C. 0.].

Ox KORDSHIRE. OX.

Oxford [H. C. N.].
SHROPSHIRE. — SP.

Bridgnorth [E. C.].
SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. — NS.

Glastonbury [H. C.] ; Kenn Moor [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7749-

51]; Walton Moor [B.M. 53.12.6: 32-41 part & 1911.10.26:

7730-36].

S r A FFOR DSH IRE . — ST.

Barlaston [C. 0.]; Cannock Chase [H. 0.] ; Himley [H. 0.] ;

Staiford (Canal) [E. C.] ; Wightwick, Wolverhamptou (Canal)

[H. 0.] ; Willenhall [H. 0.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Mildenhall [A. M.].
SURREY. — SR.

Byfleet [W. M. W.] ; Chertsey Mead [B. B. W.] ; Kew to

Kichmond [W. M. W.] ; Ranmore Common [A. S. K.].
WARWICKSHIRE. — WW.

Button Coldfield district [H. 0.] [W. M. W.].
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Salisbury [B. B. W.].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Worcester [C. 0.] ; Yardley Wood [H. 0.].
YORKSHIRE, MID-WEST. — MY.

York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 41-46].
YORKSHIRE, NORTH-EAST. — EY.

. Scarborough [Camb.] ; York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 41-46].
YORKSHIRE, SOUTH-EAST. — SY.

York [B.M. 40. 10. 9 : 41-46].
ISLE OF MAN. — IM.

Near Ballaugh [F. T.].
ISLE OF WIGHT. — IW.

Sandown [H. C. N.].

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Cemmaes [C. 0.] [J. E. C.] ; Gaerwen [J. E. C.] ; Holland Arms

[J. E. C.] ; Pentraeth [J. E. C.] ; llhosneigr [J. E. C.].
CARMARTHENSHIRE. — CM.

Pendine [W. M. W.].
CARNARVONSHIRE. — CR.

Llanrhychwyn (Reservoir 700') [C. 0.].

90

CATALOG UK OF

MERIONETHSHIRE. — MN.

Aberdovey [J. E. C.J : Bala Lake, from stomach of a Gwyniad
(Coregomis pennftntii) [Sir W. Jardine, r>.M.l(Jl± 12. 5 : 59-61].

PEMBROKESHIRE. — PB.

Manorbier [A. S. K.J ; Tenby [W. M. W.J [C. S.J [J. E. C.].

CHANNEL ISLANDS.— CI.

Guernsey [J. E. C.J.

SCOTLAND.
BUTE, &c.— B.

L. Fad [A. W. S.J.
DUMFRIES. — DF.

Lochmaben [A. S. K.].

WlGTONSHIRE. WT.

AVhithorn [E. C.].

IRELAND.
ANTRIM. — AN.

Antrim (Six -Mile- Water) [D. M.] [J. N. M.'J : Belfast [C. 0.]

[W. M. W.] ; Dhu, L., Salfagh Braes (1 100') [A. W. S.] ; Drum

Bridge [J. N. M.] ; Kilcorrig [J. N. M.J ; Lagan Canal (2nd

Lock) [J. N. M.] ; Neagh, L. [C. 0.] ; Woodburn Dam [A. S. K.].
CARLOW. — CW.

Tinnahinch [11. A. P.].
CORK, EAST. — EC.

Cork [W. M. W.].
CORK, MID.— MC.

Cork [W. M. W.] ; Cork Park [It. A. P.] [A. S. K.].
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Acapple, L. [H. T.] ; Portmore [D. M.] ; Roshin, L. [H. T.] ;

Vearty, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Fern, L. [J. N. M.]; Melrnore, L. [A. W. S.]; More, L. [A. W. S.];

llosapenna [J. N. M.].
DOWN.— DO.

Comber [J. N. M.] ; Drum Bridge [J. N. M.] ; Lagan (Canal

2nd Lock) [J. N. M.] ; Lougbin island [D. M.] ; Newtonards

[J. N. M.] ; Portavoe [D. M.] ; Saintficld [J. N. M.].
DUBLIN. — DU.

Lambay [A. W. S.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Anlaban, L. [H. T.] ; Bigwood (Rules Pond) [11. T.] ; Ennis-

killen [A. S. K.] ; Nafcola. L. [H. T.] ; Shean North, L. [H. T.] ;

Tally Lough [H. T.] ; Tullylough More [H. T.] : Vearty, L.

[H. T.].
GALWAY, NORTH. — NG.

Ballindoolig [R. A. P.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SG.

Ballinasloe [11. A, P.] ; Kilmacduagh [11. A. P.] : Portumna

[R. A. P.] ; llea, L. [R, A. P.] ; Tallanafrankagh, L. [R, A. P.].
GALWAY, WEST.— WG.

Callow, L. [D. M.]; Inishbofin [A. W. ,S.].

SPECIES OF PIS1D1UM. 01

KERRY, SOUTH.- — SK.

Gill, L., near Stradbally [A. W. S.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Magilligan [D. M.].
MAYO. WEST.— WM.

Achill, I. [A. "W. S.] ; Bttnnamucka, L., near Newport [A. C. S.]:

Clare, I. [A. W. S.J ; S.W. Mayo [A. W. S.].

MONACJHAN. MO.

Glasslongh [D. M.] ; Itoss, L. [J. X. M.].
QCEEN'S COUNTY. — ftU.

Hathdownoy [11. A. P.].
SLIGO. — SL.

Pulliighceny [D. M.].
TIJ'PERARY, NORTH. — NT.

Clougbjordan [11. A. P.] ; Finnoe [D. M.].
TIPPER ARY, SOUTH. — ST.

Thurles [K. A. P.].
TYRONE. — TY.

lloughan, L. [J. N. M.].
WATERKORD. — WA.

Near Waterford [A. VV. S.]
WEXFOKD.- — WX.

Enniscorthy [«. A. P.] ; Wexford [K. A. P.].

FOSSIL.

HOLOCENE.
LONDON. — H.

Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Fulham (Eetteridge Kd.) [B. B. W.] ;

New Scotland Yard [B. B. W.J ; Shand Street (Bed B) [A. S. K.] ;

London County Council Hall, Westminster Bridge B.oad [A. S. K.] ;

Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 6750 pars & 10037]; West-
minster [B.M. — L. 7565 pars].
BKRKSHIUE. — BK.

Newbury [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B. M.— L. 7034].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Boveney [J. E. C.].
ESSEX, SOOTH. — SE.

Ilford [A. S. K.].
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

St. Ivcs [A. S. K.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Thames Alluvium between Walton and Sbepperton [B. B. W.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Clifton-Hampden (Beds B & C) [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgli [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.].

92 CATALOG OE OF

SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Gayfield) [M. P. G.].

IRELAND.
CLARE. — CL.

Inchiquiri, L. [A. S. K.].
DOWN. — DO.

Ballyfinder ? [A. S. K.].
FF.RM ANAG n. — FE.

Kilnamadoo [A. S. K.].
GALWAY, NORTH. — NG.

Menlough [A. S. K.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SG.

Ballinasloe [11. A. P.].
MEATH. — ME.

Kells [A. S. K.] ; Mentiim, L. [A. S. K.].

AGE DOUBTFUL.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Princes Itisborough [Prestwich Coll., B.M. — L. 23956].
CAMBRIDGESIIIHK. — CB.

Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23952].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ZS.

Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23979 & 23983].

PLEISTOCENE.
LONDON. — it.

Angel Koad, Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.].
BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Biddenhaui [Prestwich Coll.: B.M.— L. 23961].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Barnwell [A. S. K.] [B.M. 5709 & 14933] ; Barriugton [RM.—

L. 5712 pars] [A. & K.].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
ESSKX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K.] ; Ilford [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

Woodstone [C. E. Y. K.].
KENT, WEST. — WK.

Crayford-Erith [B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6690 pars, 6709, &

19664-5 pars]; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Overton Longville [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— 23967].
SUFFOLK EAST. — ES.

Hoxue [M. P. G. 25706] ; Stutton [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, WEST. — WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Birlingham [A. S. K.].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 93

CROMERIAN.

NORFOLK. EAST. — EN.

West Runton [A. S. K.]. [N. M.].

The Continental range of this species is probably Europe north of
the Alps. It certainly occurs in Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], France
and Transylvania [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22170-83 pars &
22444-55 purs], Kussia [Lindholm Coll.], and has been received
from Lake Baikal labelled P. mucronatum.

It has been found in the Holocene and Pleistocene of Denmark
[Johansen (85, p. 9)] ; in the Pleistocene (Campinien) of Brussels
[Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels].

10. Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard).

[Pis. II, f. 4; III, f. 9; XXIII, f. 21-31 ; XXIV; XXV, f. 13;
XXVI, f. 13.]

1825. Tellina lienslowana, Leach MS. : Sheppard, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv,
p. 150

1831. Cyclas appendiculata, Leach MS. : Turton, Manual, p. 15, f. 6.

1832. Pisidium hensloicianum, nobis : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc.

iv, p. 308, pi. xxi, ff. 6 & 7.
1852. Pera appendiculata : Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. p. 292.

1854. Pisum henslwvianum, Shepp. : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus.

ii, p. 278.

1855. Pisidium hensloicianum, var. nucleus (" non appendicule"e ") : id.,

torn. cit. p. 347.

1858. Musculium hensloicianum, Shepp. : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii,

p. 451.

1859. Pisidium hensloioianum : Jeffreys, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, in,

iii, p. 37.
1862. Pisidium fontinale, var. henslowana : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, i,

p. 21.
1903. Corneocydas (Tropidocyclas) henslowianum, Shepp. : Dall, Proc.

Biol. Soc. Washington, xvi, p. 7.

Sheppard first received this very characteristic shell from Leach
under the name of Pera Jienslowana after its discoverer Prof. J. S.
Heuslow. Leach afterwards seems to have changed the name to
Ptra appendiculata, transferring the former specific designation
to a form of Pisidium amnicum.

Sheppard, however, described the shell under the name he had
received with it as follows (163, p. 150) : —

" T. [ = Tellina] testa oblique subovata transversim vix
sulcata, projectura a basi umbonis adornata.

Habitat in rivis.

Testa 2 lin. longa [=alt.], 2| lin. lata [=long.], cornei
coloris, glabra, striata, vix sulcata, anterius planiuscula.

I first received this species from Dr. Leach, and a very
distinct one it is .... its decisive characteristic arises from a
curious eave-like projection at the bases of the umbones."

94 . CATALOGUE OF

Jenyns, who introduced a superfluous " i " into the specific name,
gave a fuller diagnosis (83, p. 308), which is here reproduce! : —

" Testa oblique ovalis, ventricosn, antice planiuscula, dis-
tincte insequiliiteralis, tenuiter striata, nitide lutescenti-alba,
vel cornea, saepius partim praecipue ad apicem, sorde ferruginea
obtecta : umboues acutiusculi, projcctura parva laraelliformi
adornatis.

Obs. In pulli.s projectura raedio valvularum insidt't ; hinc
gradatim assurgit, accrescente testa."

To this it is now necessary to add the details concerning the
hinge characters : —

Jlinge (PL II, f. 4 ; III, f. 9) about ,f the length of the shell,
not very strong, fairly wide, projecting well inwards, gently
curved.

R.V. a. f. long, nearly \ the length of the hinge-line, narrow and
straight; base strong, slightly swollen; ape.v central,
scarcely prominent, pointed - obtuse ; ridges rounded,
about equally steep, the umbonal descending a little
the lower.

«. ///. about 5 the length of a. /., narrow, somewhat apposed
to the shell-margin ; apex near distal end, obtuse-
pointed ; ridges slightly rounded, distal short and
steep, umbonal long and gradual, tending to coalesce
towards the umbo with that of a. /.

3. prominent, narrow, arcuate ; a thin, sharp, parallel to
shell-margin ; b thickening and curving down to the
inner margin of the hinge-plate, silicate.

p. i. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
straight ; base strong and swollen ; apex central,
scarcely prominent, extremely obtuse ; ridyes round-
edged, sloping about equally and fairly gradually.
p. in. about j the length of p. /., slight, narrow, straight,
distinct ; apex distal side of centre, prominent ; ridges
fairly sharp, umbonal gradually, distal steeply sloping.
L.V. a. n. nearly | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, straight ;
base strong, slightly swollen; apex central, prominent,
round - pointed ; ridges rounded, descending about
equally, steeply at first then more gradually.
2. prominent, obtusely triangular, apex backwardly
directed^ base continuous with that of «. //.

4. thin lanielliform, slightly arcuate, curving round 2
from a point near the shell-margin anterior to the
umbo to half-way across the hinge-plate on the
posterior side.

/.». n. about 5 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, curving
Avith the shell-margin ; base strong and straight ; ape.v

SPECIKS OF PISIDIUJT. 95

towards the distal end, fairly prominent, acuminate;
ri(f(/es sharp, umbonal descending gradually, distal
very steeply at first, then very gradually,

Dimensions. — Slioppard's measurements give, when translated
into millimetres: Long. 5, Alt. 4 mm. Jenyns gives the same,
but add*, Crass. 3-5 mm. A specimen from the lied Bridge
Pond, Hampstead Heath (London), is .5-1x4x3-4, and one in
Mr. Oldham's collection from Baguley (Cheshire) 6x5x4, but
those are surpassed by one received from Herr Lynge from
Lynsy-Bagsvcer 8<">, Sealand, which attains 6'6x58x4'6 mm.
(PI. XXIV, f. 5).

In very young shells the appendiculre of course appear well
back on the valve (PL XXIJI, f. 25 • 29 c, <l) and only with growth
become relatively apical. Not infrequently these appendicula1 are
wanting, when the shell closely resemliles P. subtruncatitm : ihe
best examples are those from Preston (Lanes.) [B.^J. 1913.1.1 :
1-9J. It may, however, be distinguished by the sharper umbones,
by the fact that the cardinal 3 of the right valve is more curved
and its posterior limb, />, more sulcate ; whilst the cardinals 2 & 4
of the left valve are diagonal rather than parallel to the hinge-line,
and 2 is sharply pointed instead of rounded.

An interesting form is met with in the Pleistocene deposits of
Grays and Crayford-Erith in which the shell is more trigonal in
shape and much thicker and heavier in the hinge than the typical
form (PI. XXV, f. 13 & XXVI, f. 13). At first sight, indeed, it
sceaas difficult to separate it from the associated .P. supinum. Its
anterior lateral teeth, however, are proportionately longer and a. /.
is not so inwardly directed, nor is the cardinal 3 so sharply flexed ;
whilst in the left valve the apex of the cardinal 2 points more
backward and 4 curves further forward over the apex of 2. The
P. supinum, moreover, is more truncate posteriorly, the more
sharply triangular cardinal 2 points directly outwards, and its
edges show traces of folding back, and 4 does not reach forwards
over the apex of 2, whilst the fissure between 2 & 4 crosses the
hinge-plate at a higher angle, ifore normal forms from Crayford-
Erith are shown on Pis. XXIII, f. 29 & XXIV, f. 8 & 9. In the
Crayford-Erith beds P. liensloivunum is by far the commoner,
P. sup'nium being comparatively scarce. At Grays, on the other
hand, the latter is the abundant form, outnumbering the former by
about. 4 to 1 . Except in the instance just described, the species
shows no variation beyond the average from Cromerian to recent
days. The single valve from the Coralline Crag is too immature to
admit of comparison. Specimens from Hampstead (PL XXIII,
f. 27) show the normal amount of inflation, those from Baguley
(PL XXIII, f. 28) arc the most swollen. The former may also be
taken as examples of the average form (PL XXIV, f. 7). Those
from the Thames (PL XXIV, f. 2) show the strengthening of the
hinge consequent on their having to contend with strongly flowing

96 CATALOGUE OF

water ; also they show greater development of the umbo. The
most oval examples (PI. XXIV, f. 1) are from Blythburgh.

The specimen figured by Forbes & Hanley (63, pi. xxxvii, f . 1 1 )
is one of those in the British Museum Collection (1907.12.30:
159-61).

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

NS CA
HB 38

RW RE EL BF AN

Wl El PN AS

AM PM FF Kl

M DN SG PC KF

1 CT ' RF LL ED HO

AY LA PE BW NN

WD ED LD AN WT KB DF SK RX SN

FE TY AR DO CU WL NY DM
WM 8L LE MO «««• ™ ^

EM RO CV LH A SL WY 8Y L

WG N6 LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8

SB KC KD DU MN M6 SP ST LR CB WN EM

CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU *§ ES

NK LK 8T KK WX PB CM BR 6E OX BX BD HT NE

SK MC EC WA 6M MM 6W NW BK MX SE
WC NS SW NH SR_-WK E*

L ND 88 DT SH WX EX

EC SD IW

SC WC

Cl
Pisidium liensloivanum.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

KECENT.

ENGLAND.

LONDON. — 1L

Acton [J. E. C.] ; Hampstead [W. M. W.] ; Tottenham [W. M. W.].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUAI. 97

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Eton (R. Thames) [«T. E. C.] ; Haltim Canal [J. E. C.] ; Tver

[J. E. C.] ; near Lei<*hton Buzzard [J. E. C.] ; Marsworth [C. 0.] ;

Wendover Canal [C. 0.].

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.— CB. [Gray Coll., B.M. 1912. 12. 5 : 43-47.]
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Bagnley [C. 0.] ; Bickley [C. 0.] ; Brooklands [C. 0.] ; Bud worth,

[A. S. K.] ; Handforth [C. 0.] ; Marple (Canal) [C. 0.] ; Mere

[C. 0.] ; Ringway [E. R. S.] [C. S.].
DEVONSHIRE, SOUTH. — SD.

Newton Abbot district [B. B. W.].
DURHAM. — DM.

Cockerton [C. 0.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Navestock [W. M. W.].
HAMPSHIBE, SOUTH. — SH.

Harabledon [\V. M. W.] ; Hoe Moor [J. E. C.] ; R. Itchen,

Southampton [B.M. 1911. 10. 26 : 7646-62].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Aldenham [C. 0.] ; Berkhampstead [C. 0.] ; Rickmansworfch

[C. 0.].
KENT, EAST & WEST.— EK. & WK.

Medway R. [A. S. K.].
LANCASHIRE, MID. — ML.

Preston [B.M. 1913.1.1 : 1-9].
LANCASHIRE, SOUTH. — SL

Tarloton [J. W. J.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylestone [C. 0.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Appleby [C. S. C.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bcdfont [J. E. C.] ; Bushey Park [J. E. C.] ; Thames [J. E. C.] ;

West Dray ton [W. M. W.J.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Blisworth [C. 0.].
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. — NM.

Nottingham [C. 0.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX. '

Rejectamenta of It. Cherwell, Oxford [H. C. N.].

S FAFFORDSHIRE. ST.

Barlaston [C. O.J; Cannock Chase [H. 0.]; near Walsall [H. 0.];

Wightwick, Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. 0.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburgh [A. S. K.] ; Needham Market [A. M.].
SUFFOLK. WEST. — WS.

Mildenhall [A. M.].
SURREY. — SR.

Byfleet [W. M. W.] [J. E. C.] ; llaumore Common [A. S. K.] ;

Thames [J. E. C.].

H

98

CATALOGUE OF

WABWICKSUIHB. — WW.

Olton (Canal) [H. 0.] ; Solihull [C. 0.] ; Button Coldncld district

[H. 0.].
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Salisbury [B. B. W.].
YORKSHIRE, MID- WEST. — MY.

Ripon (?) [J. E. C.].

WALES.
GLAMORGAN. — GM.

Swansea [Camb.].

IRELAND.

DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Melmore, L. [A. W. S.].
GALWAT, SOUTH. — SG.

Ballinasloe [R. A. P.].
TJPPERARY, NORTH. — NT.

Finnoe [D. M.].

FOSSIL.

HOLOCENE.

LONDON. — !L

Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Fulham (Betteridge Rd.) [B. B. W.I;

New Scotland Yard [B. K. W.] ; Lea Valley [J. E. C.] [A. S. K.] ;

Lea Valley Alluvial [A. S. K.] ; West India Docks [M. P. G.] ;

Westminster [B.M. — L. 7568 _/>«/*«].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Newbury (The Strand) [A. S. K.] ; Wallingford (Beds A & B)

[A. S. K.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Dagenham [A. S. K.] ; Ilford [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crossness [B.M.— L. 6719].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Thames Alluvium between Walton & Shepperton [B. B. W.] ;

TJxbridge [A. S. K.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Clifton-Hampden (Beds A, B & C) [A. S. K.] ; Wargrave [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Knettishall [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.].

AGE DOUBTFUL.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Chatteris [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23950].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Sproughton [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23973 & 23982].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 99

PLEISTOCENE.

LONDON. — 3L.

Angel Road, Tottenham (Glacial) [A. S. K.J ; Hackney [B. B. W.] ;

N.E. London [B.M. — L. 5804- pars]; Shackle\vell Lane [Presfcwich

Coll., B.M.— L. 23973].
BEDFORDSHIRE. — BD.

Biddenham [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23960]; Kempfcon[B.M.—

L. 18611].
CAMBRIDGESHIRE. — CB.

Barnwell [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 5707 & 14932].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6686] [M. P. G.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K. & B. B, W.] [B.M.— L. 6695] ; Ilford [A. S. K.]

[B.M.— L. 6700 pars].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

Woodstone [C. E. Y. K.J.
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crayford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M. -L. 6690 &

19664-5 pars] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscombe [A. S. K. & B. B. W.J.
MIDDLESEX, — MX.

Brentford [B.M.— L. 7637 pars].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Overton Longville [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23966].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Stutton [A. S. K.J.
WILTSHIRE, SOUTH. — SW.

Fisherton [B.M.— L. 6716].
WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

Bhiingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.].

CROMERIAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

Sidestrand [M. P. G.] ; Trimingham [M. P. G.] ; West Runton

[A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [N. M.] [M. P. G.].

CORALLINE CRAG.

SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Sutton [R. Bell Coll., B.M.— L. 7343].

P. henslowanum is known from Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.],
France and Germany [Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22204-16 &
22221-2], Russia [Lindholm Coll.], and probably occurs throughout
Europe north of the Alps. A specimen was also obtained from
Lake Baikal [Lindholm Coll.].

As a fossil it is fouud in post-glacial deposits at Toppeladergard,
Sweden [Prof. G. E. Wright Coll.] ; in the Holoceue and Pleistocene

Kto

of J? en murk [Johansen (85, p. 9)1 ; in the Pleistocene (Carapinien)
of Conrtrai, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels]; and in the
Pleistocene (Mosbacher Sand) of Mauer (near Heidelberg) [Geyer
(69, p. 96)].

11. Pisidium supinum, A. Schmidt.

[Pis. IT, f. 5 ; IV, f. 7 ; XXV ; XXVI ; XXVII, f. 1 & 2.]

Is.'O. Pisidium sitpinum, n. pp. : Schmidt, Zeitschr. f. Malakozool. vii,

p. 119.
1^55. Pisidium jattdouinionun), nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn, Bordeaux,

xx, p. 345, pi. ii, f. "2.

Pisidium bonnafou.rianmn, P. de Cess. : Cessac, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat.

La Creuse, ii, p. 76. [For tig. see Baudon, Meiu. Soc. Acad.
Oise, iii, 1857, pi. iv, f. 1.]

Pisidium henslowianum, Sliepp. [pars] : Malm, Gotheborgs K.

Vet. & Vitt. Samh. Ilandl iii, p. 95.

1856. Pisidium henslowianum, 8. bonnafourianum and f. jaudoniantim :

Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Nat. Moll. France, ii, p. 581.

1857. Pisidium conicum, nobis : Baudon, Mem. Soc. Acad. Oise, iii,

p. 362, pi. v, figs. B, B, B, B.
18~>8. Musculium snpiuwn, Schmidt : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 4~>'2.

- 1'ixnm supinum, Schmidt: ?W., torn. cit. p. ('60.
1866. ? Pisidium moitessierianum [n. sp.J: Paladilhe, Rev. et Mag. Zool.

xviii, p. 172.

1870. Pisidium henslowaniim, var. /3. supimim [sic], A. Schmidt: Kreg-

linger, Syst. Verzeicli. Ueutsch. Biimen-Moll. p. 357.

1871. Pisidium hensloicttnum, var. /3. normals [sic]: Westerlund, Nova

Acta R. Acad. Sci. Upsala, in, viii, no. 1, p. 158.
1873. Pisidium baudonii, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. xx, p. 83,

pi. iv, f. 1.
1890. Pisidium casertamim, vars. bonnafou.rianum & jaudouinianum

[sic] : Westerlund, Fauna palaarc't. Region, vii, pp. 28 & 29.
1893. Pisidium trigonum, n. sp. : Bourguignat in Locard, Coquil. Eaux

douces France, p. 148.
1903. Pisidium sujrinoide*, u. sp. : Clessin in Futterer, Durch Asieu, iii,

p. 81.

A very well-marked species, so that its quite recent recognition
in these Islands is remarkable. It vras tirst pointed out by Dr. A.
C. Johansen, who in 1901 found dead specimens in the muddy
foreshore of the Thames at low-water near Kew Gardens. It was
speedily detected first in the Lea Alluvium at Walthamstow (88,
p. 17 & 20) and then in most of the post-pliocene deposits of the
London district. Later a specimen that had been taken alive at
Eattersea was found in Dr. J. E. Gray's collection at the Natural
History Museum (1906. 6.18: 6-9) on a tablet with examples of
P. oblusale (1900. 6. 18 : 1-4) and labelled " Pera f/ibba " ; but it
was not until 1909, when specimens that had been taken by Mr. J.
E. Cooper in the Thames at Twickenham and Hampton Wick were
identified (44, p. 231), that it was definitely added to the British
Fauna.

SPECIES OF PISIDU'M. 101

Schmidt's original description (156, p. 119) is as follows : —

" Vorder- und Hinterseite des Oberrandes stossen in den
Wirbeln recht-, ja selbst spitzwinklig zusammen ; auf den
"VVirbelnbefindet sicli eine scharfe llunzel; das kurze Ligament
springt deutlichvor; Schlosszahne uuverhiiltnissmassig dick;
dabei i&t die kleine Muschel so bauchig und der Vorderrund
so weit vorgestrcckt, dass sie sich gern auf das Vorderende des
lUickenslegt und den scharfeii TJnterrand emporkehrt — deshalb
nenne ich sie Pis. tupinum."

He adds a little later that the appendiculse on the umbones are
not always present.

Uaudon's diagnosis (9, p. 362) being yet clearer we append it : — •

" Concha triaugularis, obliqua, alta, convexa ad umbones,
solida, subopaca, tenuiter stria ta, supcrius couica, interims
arcuata, antice rostrata, postice vix subcurvata, pallida, corneo
lutea vel flavesceris ; apicibus subacutis lamella superatis ;
ligamento brevi, lineari, flavido ; commissura crassissima,
praesertim quoquoversus et undique crenulata ; duobus dentibus
cardinalibus, tuberculosis, vix conspicuis."

He has, however, mistaken the characters of the hinge-teeth, the
details of which are as under : —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 5 ; IV, f. 7) nearly | the length of the shell,
massive, projecting well inwards, strongly arched with two
flexures.

H.V. a. I. about 1 the length of the hinge-line, very stout, curving
sharply inwards ; base exceedingly deep, solid and
swollen ; apex near distal end, moderately prominent,
rounded obtuse ; ridges very round, sloping about
equally and fairly steeply.

«. ///. about £ the length of a. ]., from which it is separated by
a deep fossa ; somewhat apposed to the shell-margin :
apex on distal side of centre, not very prominent :
ridges rounded, distal short and steep, umboual longer
and less steep.

3. scarcely prominent, narrow, arcuate ; a nearly parallel
to the shell-margin, b curving diagonally to the inner
margin of the hinge-plate.

•>). I. length about \ that of hinge-line, very strong, narrow,
slightly curving inwards ; base strong, swollen ; apex
distal side of centre, scarcely prominent, very obtusely
acuminate ; ridges not much rounded, umbonal long
and gradually sloping, distal short, at tirst nearly
vertical, then sloping gently.

p. in. not quite | the length of p. /., narrow, somewuat
apposed to the shell-margin ; apex near distal end ;

102 CATALOGUE OF

ridges rounded, umbonal sloping gradually, distal
steeply.

L.Y. a. n. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, very stout, straight
(but occasionally strongly deflected inwards) ; base very
deep, strong and swollen ; apex distal side of centre,
very prominent, rounded obtu?e, distally directed ;
ridges somewhat rounded, distal sloping at first very
steeply, then gradually, umbonal steeply.
2. prominent, triangular, base continuous with that of
n. //., apex sharp-pointed, directed outwards and back-
Avards towards the umbo.

4. lamelliform, sharp, traversing nearly the whole width
of the hinge-plate diagonally from the umbo, parallel
to the posterior side of 2.

p. n. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, stout, straight, or
with slight inward curvature; base very deep, strong
and swollen ; apex distal side of centre, very pro-
minent, rounded acuminate, distally directed ; ridges
rounded, umbonal long, gradually sloping down to a
lower level than the distal, distal at first nearly
vertical, then gently sloping.

Dimensions. — Schmidt's measurements translated into millimetres
arc : — Long. 4'5, Alt. 3'9, Crass. 3'3. Baudon gives 5 to 6 x 5 to
6 x 3 to 3'5. The largest recent British specimens are from the
Thames at Eton 4'2x4-8x2'7 and Budworth Mere (Cheshire)
4-2 x 3-5 x 3'4, whilst a single valve from the Pleistocene at Grays
is 4-6 x 4-6 x 2.

On the whole this species is very distinct, the strong, character-
istic hinge and trigonal form, even when the appendiculae are not
developed, sharply distinguishing it from its congeners ever since
Croinerian times (PL XXV, f. 14; XXVI, f . 9 & 10) down to the
present day (PI. XXV, f. 11 ; XXVI, f. 1).

Sometimes, especially in the young stages, it assumes a more
rounded form (PL XXV, f. 10 6, 15 ; XXVI, f. 2 b ; XXVII, f. 1).

Occasionally it is simulated by other species, especially in the
fossil state. This is notably the case in the Pleistocene of Crayford-
Erith, where, as already mentioned (p. 95), a very heavy, somewhat
triangular variant of P. Tienslowanum is very abundant (PL XXV.
f. 13 ; XXVI, f. 13). At this locality P. supinum is comparatively
rare, whilst at Grays it is the most abundant species.

There are also instances in which thickened variants of P. caser-
trinum, especially the right valves (cf. PL XVIII, f. 12 k & 1), closely
approach P. supinum.

SPECIES OK pismior. 103

DISTRIBUTION.

31
01

HB

1

NS CA
SS
RW RE EL
Wl El PN
AM PM FF
DN SG PC
CT B RF LL
AY LA

BF
AS
Kl
KF
ED
PE

AN

HO
BW

NN

WD

ED

LD AN

WT KB OF

8K

RX

SN

WM

SL

FE
LE

TY AR
MO

DO
IM

cu

WL

ML

NY
MY

DM
EY

WG

EM
NG

RO
LF

CV LH

WH ME

CR OB

FT

SL
CH

WY
DY

8Y
NM

:LN

LS

8G

KG

KD DU

MN

MG

SP

ST

LR

C_B

WN EN

CL

NT

QC

CW Wl

CD

RA

HF

WO

WW

NO

HU WS EJ

NK LK

8T

KK

wx

PB CM

BR

GE

PJL

BX.

BD

HT NE

SK MC

EC

WA

GM

MM

GW

NW

BK.

MX

SJ

we

L

NO

NS
88

SW
DT

NH
SH

SR-WK EJC
WX EX

EC

SO

W

sc we

Cl
Pisidium supimini.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.
LONDON. — H.

Battersea [Gray Coll. : B.M. 1906. 6. 18 : 6-9].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.].
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. — BX.

Eton (R. Thames) [J. E. C.] ; Iver [J. E. C.] ; Marsworth Canal

[C. 0.].

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.— CB. [Gray Coll. : B.M. 1912.12.5: 48.]
CHESHIRE. — CH.

Budworth Mere [A. S. K.] ; Kelsall [C. 0.] [B.M. 1909. 5. 27 :

18-19].

104 CATALOGUE OF

C I'M BERLAND. — CU.

Allouby [W. J. F.].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Rickmansworth [C. 0.] ; Tring [C. 0.].
LEICESTERSHIRE. — LR.

Aylestone [C. 0.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, SOUTH. — LS.

Grantham Canal [C. S. C.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bed font [J. E. C.] ; Thames at Twickenham, Hampton Wick,

&c. [J. E. C.] [B.M. 1909. 5. 27 : 20-25 ; 1909. 5. 8 ; 32-46].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Blisworth [C. 0.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Rejectamenta of R. Cherwell, & Mesopotamia, Oxford [H. C. N.].
STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Wightwick, Wolverhampton (Canal) [H. 0.].
SURREY. — SR.

Chertsey Mead (rejectamenta of R. Thames) [B. B. W.].
"WORCESTERSHIRE. — WO.

R. Severn at Bewdley [H. 0.].

FOSSIL.

HOLQCENE.

LONDON. — H.

Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Lea Valley [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 67~>0
pars & 10036 par*] ; Lea Valley Alluvium [A. S. K.] ; Fulham
(Bctteridge Rd.) [B.M.— L. 6739 pars']; Sbacklewell Lane
[B.M.— L. 14628J ; Westminster [B. B. W.].

BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Wallingford (Bed A) [A. S. K.].

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.— BX.

Boveney [J. E. C.I.
GLOUCESTERSHIRE, WEST. — GW.

Westbury-on-Severn [A. S. K.].
HUNTINGDONSHIRE. — HU.

St. Ives [A. S. K.].
KENT, WEST. — WK.

Near East Farleigh [A. S. K.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Thames Alluvium between Walton & Shepperton [B. B. W.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Clifton Hampdeii [A. S. K.].

SCRREY. — SR.

Near Stairies [A. S. K.].

PLEISTOCENE.
LONDON. — H.

Hackney [B. B. W.] ; N.E. London [B.M.— L. 5804 pars] ;
St. James' Square [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 14879]; Shacklewcll
Lane [Prestwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23972].

SPF.CJES OF PISIDIUM. 105

CAM BRTDG ESHIRE. CB.

- Barnwell [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 326].
ESSEX, NORTH. — NE.

Clacton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
ESSEX, SOUTH. — SE.

Grays [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6695, 7930 & 7932]

[M. P. G.]; llford [B.M.— L. 67UO^«rs].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crayford & Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 18609,

19664 pars] [M. P. G.] ; Swanscorube [A. S. K. & B. B. W.].
MIDDLESEX — MX.

Brentford [B.M.— L. 7637 pars'] ; Ponder'a End (Glacial)

[A. S. K.] ; Twickenham [B.M.— L. 9539].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

St. Cross, S. Elmham [M. P. G.] ; Stutton [A. S. K.].

WoRC ESTERSHIRE. WO.

Birlingham, near Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Bricklehampton, near
Pershore [A. S. K.] ; Cropthorne [M. P. G.] [A. S. K.].

CROMERIAN.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

West Itunton [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [X. M.] [M. P. G.].

PLIOCEXK.

NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

Bramerton Common [N. M.].

Abroad the species occurs in Scandinavia, France, Germany
[from Bremen in Norman Coll.: B.M. 98.5.20: 221 70-83 pars;
22371-77 pars ; 22161-65], Russia [Lindholm Coll.] and probably,
as Clessin says (35, p. 12), Europe generally north o.t: the Alps.
It has been received under another name from Lake Baikal
(60 fath.).

As a fossil it is met with in the Holocene and Pleistocene of
Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] ; in the Pleistocene (Campinicn) of
Courtrai, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat. Brussels] ; and in the Pleisto-
cene (Mosbacher Sand) of Hohensachsen and Pilgerhaus (near
Weiuheim-an-der-Bergstrasse) [Wiist Coll.], and ol Mauer (near
Heidelberg) [Geyer (65, p. 96)].

12. Pisidium parvulum, Clessin.

[Pis. IT, f. 6 ; IV, f. 8 ; XXVII, f. 3-6.]

1873. Pisidium parvitlum, Clessin : in Westerlund, Fauna Moll. Svec.
Norv. et Danise, p. 553. [non P. pan-uhon, Benson MS.]

This, which is the smallest of the species dealt with in the
present monograph, has not yet been met with in the British Isles,
either recent or fossil.

106 CATALOGUE OP

Still, it may have been overlooked on account of its small size.
If found it will probably, judging from its build, prove an inhabitant
of quick-running rather than stagnant water, and should be looked
for in fine sand rather than mud.

The original diagnosis (179, p. 553) reads : —

" Concha minima, subinsequilateralis, orbiculato - ovalis,
ventricosa, tenuissime striata, nitida, valde fragilis : umbones
prominentes, acutiusculi : dentes card. valv. sinistrae 2, tenuis-
simi, exterior brevis, interiorem brevem, paullo crassiorem, vis
curvatum ad diraidium occultaus ; dens card. valv. dextra?
tenuis, vix arcuatus, parte posteriore paullulum incrassatus."

The above description does not give the hinge characters
sufficiently in extenso and may be supplemented as under : —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 6 ; IV, f. 8) about | the length of the shell,
very broad and strong, projecting well inwards, highly arched,
with two flexures.

ll.V. a. i. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, very stout and
strong, curving somewhat inwards ; base very strong
and swollen ; apex central, not very prominent,
rounded obtuse, inwardly directed ; ridges rounded,
sloping about equally and fairly steeply, the umbonal
descending somewhat the lower.

0.7/7. about 1 the length of a.i., from which it is separated
by a deep pit, stout, straight, closely apposed to the
shell-margin ; apex central, scarcely prominent, very
rounded obtuse; ridges rounded, sloping about equally.
3. short, lamelliform, very prominent, flat-topped, slightly
arcuate, curving slightly towards the inner margin of
the hinge -plate.

p. 7. about 4 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
erect, straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex
distal side of centre, scarcely prominent, somewhat
obtuse, pointed ; ridges sharp, umbonal descending
fairly steeply to the lower level than the distal which
is less steep.

p. ni. about g the length of, and parallel to p. /., stout,
straight ; apex central, scarcely prominent, obtuse
rounded; ridges rounded, descending about equally.
L.Y. a. 77. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, stout, strong,
straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex central,
very prominent, pointed, obtuse; ridges sharp, distal
descending very steeply at first and then gradually,
umbonal fairly steeply.
2. triangular, prominent, base continuous with that of

a. //., apex somewhat backwardly directed.
4. lamelliform, sharp, flat-topped, not very prominent,
anterior portion nearly parallel to shell - margin,

.
SPECIES OF PISIDIT7JI. K>~

posterior curving round 2 and terminating close and
almost at right angles to the inner margin of the
hinge-plate.

p. II. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, stout, erect,
straight; base strong and swollen ; apex nearer distal
end, somewhat distally directed, very prominent, sub-
acuminate ; ridges sharp, descending about equally, at
first steeply, then gradually.

Dimensions.— Clessin's measurements are: — Long. 2, Alt. 1'5,
Crass. 1'2 mm. Danish specimens received from Dr. Johansen are
only 1-5 x 1'4 x 1'4 mm.

Clessin has also named a variety (179, p. 553) on account of its
greater size and solidity.

The species comes near to P. swpz/wm in form, but is squarish
instead of triangular.

The type specimens came from the Blekinge, and the variety from
Ilonneby in Sweden : the Danish specimens are from Fursoen : it
has been received under the name of "P. aliena, Mts." from Lake
Baikal.

13. Pisidium steenbuchii (Moller).
[Pis. 11, f. 7 ; IV, f. 1 ; XXVIII, f. 2-8, 10, 11, 14-16.]

1842. Cydas steenbuchii, nob. : Moller, Index Moll. Groenlandiae, p. 20 ;

«/., Kniyer, Xuturhist. Tidsskr. iv, 184.?, p. 93.
1851. Pisidium fontinalv, var. ? : Middendorft', Rcise Siberiens, ii, till. 1,

p. 402.
1854. Sji/uerium steenbuchii, Moller : Deshayes, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus.

p. 264.
1857. Pisidium steenbuchii, Moller : Morch in Kink, Gronland, &c. ii,

till. 4, p. 91 ; id. (reprint) Fortegnel. Gro'nl. Bloddyr, p. 19.
1869. Pisidium pusillum [pars] : Jeffreys, Brit. Conch, v, p. 150.

1873. Pisidium ylobulare, Cless. : Clessin in Westerlund, Fauna Moll.

Svec., Norv. et Daiiiae, p. 532.

1874. Pisidium steenbuchii, Morch [sic] : Clessin in K lister, Syst. Conch .-

Cab. ix, abth. 3, Cycladeen, p. 35, pi. iii, f. 21, p. 22.
1886. Pisidium hoveri, n. sp. : Clessin in Esmark & Hoyer, Malakozool.

Blatt., N. F. viii, p. 120.
1909. Pisidium kcrotnevi, n. sp. : Lindholm in Korotneff, Wissensch.

Ergebn. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, ivr, p. 85, pi. ii, f. 47, p. 48.

The species is not common in this country, either recent or
fossil, and its first record from Perthshire was made in error on an
abnormal example of P. lifljebotyii (193, p. 5). It is stated by
Morch to be rare in Greenland, whence it was first described by
Moller (115, p. 20) under the gemis Cyclus as : —

" Testa iuaequilatera, subtrigona, antice obtusa, ventricosa,
Isevi, cinereo-lutescente ; umbonibus proniinentibus ; sulcis
incremcuti 4-5."

108 CATALOGUE OF

Morch's diagnosis (121, p. 37) is a little more explicit: —

" T. oblique-ovalis, ventricosa, striis increment! subtilissimis,
sulci increment! 5-6 rernoti contasbulati [sic], cinereo-lutes-
cente, intus cinerea ; umbones gibbosi."

But Clessin's description of his Pisidium ylobidare (179, p. 532),
which comparison of authentic specimens shows to be the same,
conveys a more accurate notion : —

"Concha mediocris, rolundato-ovata, tennis, subtiliter stria ta
flavo-cornea ; umbones prominentes, lati, rotundati ; liga-
mentum contectum ; dentes card. valv. sinistra? 2, posterior
brevis, tunuis, vix cnrvatus, anterior crassus, in angulum
curvatus, dens card. valv. dextree curvatus, parte posteriore
brevi, crassiore, parte anteiiore longiore, tenui."

To this again must be added the details concerning the characters
of the hinge : —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 7; IV, f. 1) about f the length of the shell,
not very broad and not projecting much inwards, strongly
arched.

11. V. a. I. about 3 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
strong, slightly deflected inwards ; base j'airly strong ;
apex central, prominent, acuminate ; ridyes fairly
sharp, sloping about equally and steeply.

a. in. about ^ the length of, and parallel to a. /., narrow,
straight, inclined toward .the shell-wall ; apex distal
side of centre, pointed, obtuse ; ridyes somewhat
rounded, descending equally and gradually.
3. lamellit'orm, prominent, anterior end higher, sharply
flexed; a fairly parallel to the shell-margin, b running
diagonally across the hinge-plate to its margin.
j>, 7, not quite 3 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
strong, straight ; base not strong ; apex nearer distal
end, fairly prominent, pointed, obtuse ; ridyes sharp,
sloping about equally and fairly gradually,
p. in. about -|- the length of, and parallel to p. /., narrow,
fairly strong, straight; apex about central, obtuse;
ridyes somewhat rounded, sloping about equally and
fairly gradually.

L.V. a. n. about 1 the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
strong, curving with the shell-margin ; base fairly
strong; apex central, very prominent, very acuminate,
slightly distally directed; ridges fairly sharp, distal
exceedingly steep at first, then sloping gradually,
umbonal steep.

~. triangular, prominent, base continuous with that of
a. if., apex backwardly directed.

SPECIE? OF r:srrm:.\T. 109

4. lamelliform, sharp, curving backwards round ~ to near

the inner margin of the hinge-plate.

p. it. not quite \ the length of the hinge-line, very narrow,
fairly strong, straight; base fairly strong; aper at
distal end, distally directed, prominent, acuminate ;
ridf/es sharp, umbonal descending gradually, distal
very steeply at first, then gradually.

Dimensions. — Moller gives simply " Diam. 2'" " which is equi-
valent, to 4'2 mm. Morch gives Long. 4, Alt. 3*5 mm., and Clessin
Long. 5, Alt. 4, Crass. 3 mm. An example sent from Finmarken
(Norway) by Dr. Johansen is 4'8 x 4 x 4 mm. The English
specimens are small, the largest- taken by Mr. Carter in Burwell
Wood (Lincolnshire) is 3'8 x 3-3 x 2*8 mm.

The 4 or 5 more strongly marked lines of growth due to
coloration noted in the preceding descriptions, though frequent in
the species, are not peculiar to it.

The species has nothing in common with Pisidium pusiilum of
Turton, nor of Jeffreys as alleged by Clessin.

From even small rounded forms of the still-water variety of
P. casertanum, or from P. nitidum, it may be distinguished by being
yet rounder and having the hinge lighter and slightly more arcuate :
its outer lateral teeth (a. ///.. p. ///.) are proportionately longer,
and all the other laterals have their apices nearer the umbo ; in the
cardinals, 3 is more sharply flexed and thinner, 2 is more back-
wardly directed, whilst 4 is more curved and not so diagonally
placer].

Compared with the smoother forms of P. lilljebonjii it is less
orbicular, less regularly striate, and lacks the angularity at the
junction of the dorsal with the posterior margin; the hinge is
longer and less arcuate, the inner and outer lateral teeth of the
right valve are not so equal in size and do not converge towards
the umbo ; whilst in the cardinals of the left valve 2 is less
strong and more backwardly directed and 4 does n°t extend so far
backward.

Taking the specimens from the type locality Greenland as being
the most normal (PI. XXVIII, f. 6, 7 & 10), it will be seen th;it
the specimens from Bjerldng, Norway (PI. XXVIII, f . 3 & 15),
and from Finmarken, Norway (PI. XXVIII, f. 16), both of which
are examples of Clessin's P. ylobulare, cannot be separated from
them, though the last-named are slightly more oval.

Of the British representatives those from Grisel Bottom, Lin-
colnshire (PI. XXVIII, f. 5, 8 a, 6, & II a, 6), come neanst to the
type, but are slightly less tumid, whilst the specimens from Abbey
Holme, Cumberland (PI. XX VI 1 1, f . 2 & 4), are both smaller and
more oval.

110 CATALOGUE OF

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

NS CA
HB 88

RW RE EL BF AN

! Wl El PN AS

AM PM FF Kl

! " DN 86 PC KF

CT RF LL ED HD

AY LA PE BW NN

WD ED LD AN WT KB DF 8K RX SN

FE TY AR DO CU WL NY DM

WM SL LE MO ML MY EY

ZM RO CV LH 8L WY SY LN

WG NG LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8

S6 KC KD DU MN MG SP 8T LR CB WN EN

CL NT OC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS E8

NK LK 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE OX BX BD HT NE

SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK MX^ 8E

WC N8 SW NH SR^WK EK

L ND 88 DT 8H WX EX

EC 8D IW

SC WC

Cl

Pisidium steenbuchii.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a lino
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND.

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.- — BX.

Bovcney [J. E. C.].
CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Abbey Holme [J. L.].

SPECIES OF PISTDIUif. Ill

LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Louth (Burwell Wood) [0. S. C.]. ; Tetney Lock [C. S. C.].
WESTMORLAND. — WL.

Patterdale [J. L.].

IRELAND.

CORK, WEST.— WC.

Cooraerkane Valley [K. H. J.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SGr.

Rea, L., in association with P. lilljeborgii [R. A. P.].

The continental distribution of P. steenbuchii as at present known
is certainly peculiar. Besides Greenland [Nat. Hist. Mus. Copen-
hagen, & Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22507-11] and Iceland
[F. H. Sikes Coll.], it is known from Scandinavia [Lynge Coll. ;
Johansen Coll.; & Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 82166-69],
whilst specimens were collected by Dr. Scharff at Frankfort-on-the-
Maine [Conch. Soc. Coll.] and it has been received from R. Schtschut-
schja, Eastern Siberia, under the name P. costulatum, and from Lake
Baikal as P. korotnevi, Lindholm (95, p. 85).

As a fossil it occurs in the Pleistocene of Denmark [Johansen
(85, p. 9)].

14. Pisidium lilljeborgii, Clessin.

[Pis. II, f. 8 ; IV, f. 2 ; XXIII, f. 2 & 18 ;
XXVIII, f. 1, 9, 12, 13, 17-26.]

1802. Pisidium nitidum, var. splendens, Baudon : Jeffreys (non Baudon)
Brit. Conch, i, p. 25. [Cf. specimens from type loc., Lerwick, in
Norman Coll., B.M. 1911.10.26: 7681-95.]

1886. Pisidium lilljebori/ii, n. sp. : Clessin in Esmark & Hoyer, Malak.
Blatt, N.F. vii'i, p. 119.

1889. Pisidium alpicola, Cless. [n. n.] : Clessiu in Suter, Malak. Blatt.,

N.F. xi, p. 191. [Cf. specimens from type Inc., Berglisee
(7,546 ft), in Norman Coll., B.M. 98. 5. 20 : 22440-43.]

1890. Pisidiinn loveni, Clessin : Clessin, Moll. Oesterreich-Ungarns,

p. 765 [for the preceding].

1909. Pisidium nordenskioldi, var. semenkevitschi, nov. : Lmdholm in
Korotneff, Wissensch. Ergebn. Zool. Exped. Baikal-See, iv,
p. 86, pi. ii, f. 49, 50.

This exceedingly pretty and well-marked northern form, was
originally described (59, p. 119) as follows : —

"Muschel schief, sehr ungleichseitig, sehr aufgeblasen,
uhregelmassig stark gestreift, von gelblichcr Hornfarbe ;

112 CATALOGCK OP

Vonhrtlie'd selir verkiirzt, abgestut/.t, gerumlet ; BvitertTieU zu-
gespitzt gerundet. Wirbel sehr aut'geblasen und hervortreteud.
Oberrand gewb'blt, sehr scbmal, durch die schwach markirten
Ecken des Schildes und Schildchens begrenzt. Vorderrand
kurz, steil abfallend. Unterrand sehr gebogen, ohne luarkirte
Grenze an die Nubenrtincler anschlicssend. Hinttrraiid kurz,
steil abfallend, vvenig gewolbt. Ligament kurz, stark, Schloss
zusararaengedriingt, kurz, zieinlich stark. Ziihne wenig her-
vortretend. Perlmutter schwach weisslich ; Mu.skelnarbeu
kaum vertieft."

When writing the above diagnosis the author momentarily
forgot that the external form of the Pisidium shell is the reverse
of that of other bivalves and it is therefore necessary to transpose
the two " Vorder- '' and " Hinter-," which are italicized. The
lacking details concerning the hinge characters are :

Hinge (PI. II, f. 8 ; IV, f. 2) about jf the length of the shell,
wide, projecting well inwards, very strong, arcuate, with anterior
flexure.

11. V. «. /. about £ the length of the hinge-line, stout, very
strong, curving well inwards; base strong and slightly
swollen; apex distal side of centre, prominent, bluntly
acuminate ; ridtjes rounded, distal almost vertical at
first, then nearly horizontal, umbonal fairly steep.
a.m. about | the length of a./., narrow, strong, apposed to
the shell-margin ; apex at distal end, fairly prominent,
rectangular; ridges somewhat rounded, distal vertical,
umbonal sloping gradually.

3. lamelliform, not very prominent, sharply flexed ; a
parallel to the shell-margin, 6 running diagonally
backward across the hinge-plate almost to its inner
margin.

p. f. about | the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow,
strong, curving with the shell-margin ; base strong ;
apex distal side of centre, distally directed, prominent,
obtusely acuminate; ridges somewhat rounded, umbonal
sloping fairly steeply, distal very steeply at first, then
nearly horizontal.

p.m. iibout | the length of p. /., narrow, strong, straight,
erect, umbonally convergent to p. i. ; apex at distal
end, prominent, rectangular ; ridyes somewhat rounded,
umbonal gradually sloping, distal vertical.

L.Y. //. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, stout, strong,
faintly curving inwards ; bass strong and swollen ; ajie.v
central, somewhat distally directed, very prominent,

SPECIES OK PIS1DIUM. 113

curving outwarls, acuminate; ridt/es fairly sharp,
distal very steep at first, then gradual, umbonal fairly
steep.

#. prominent, obtusely triangular, apex directed back-
wards and towards uinbo, base continuous with that of
a. n.

4- laraelliform, sharp, faintly arcuate, running diagonally
at a rather low angle across the hinge-plate to near its
inner margin.

p. u. about \ the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow,
strong, curving with the hinge-line and inclined out-
wards ; Ixise strong and swollen ; apex distal side of
centre, distally directed, very prominent, acuminate ;
ridges rounded, umbonal descending fairly gradually,
distal very steeply, almost vertically at first, then
gradually.

Dimensions. — None are given by Clcssin ; Westerlund, however
(Faun. Paliiarct. vii, p. L'5) gives, Long. 4, Alt. ,'3, Crass. 2-5 mm.
Specimens from Souset (Norway) sent by Dr. Johansen are some-
Avhat smaller and measure: 35x 3x2-4 mm. The Perthshire
examples received from Dr. Laidlaw attain 4-4 x 4'4 x 3-3 and
those from Mr. Jackson from Hawes Water 3'7ox3'4x2'0 mm.

Clessin when describing the type founded at the same time a
" var. transversah" on i)iiite immaterial superficial features.

Although externally this species, and especially the Norwegian
types, at first sight recalls P. obtusale, its stronger striation, and
the angle at junction of the dorsal and posterior margin serve to
distinguish it, whilst its very well-marked hinge characters readily
differentiate it from that and all the other species.

Specimens from Sonset, Norway, named by Clessin are shown
on PI. XXVIII, figs. 17 rt-c, 19 a, "b, & 22 a-j. The Irish specimens
closely resemble them but are on the whole larger (PI. XXV III,
f. 18 a, 6, &25c,£d).

The species varies somewhat in outline even in a given locality.
Thus those from Lough Aguse, Co. Fermanagh, range from tho
normal orbicular (PI. XXVIII, f. 25 c & d) through the obliquely
orbicular (f. 25 e &f) to oval (f. 2-"> a & b}. The obliquely orbi-
cular form also occurs at Lochan a' Chair, Perthshire (PI. XXVIII,
f. 13 <i, b). Similar variation is also noticeable in fossil examples
from the Holocene at Gayficld, Edinburgh (PL XXVIII,
f. 20 a-d, & 24 a-d). In these and other species of Pisidlum
from the same deposit, as already noted, the nmboncs are excep-
tionally developed. Occasionally the external sculpturing is so
marked as to give rise to a superficial resemblance to P. pulchfllum
(PI. XXIII, f. 2).

114

CATALOGUE OF

DISTRIBUTION.

si
01

NS

CA

HB

S3

RW

RE

EL

BF

AN

s

WL

El

PN

AS

AM

PM

FF

Kl

M

DN

SG

PC

KF

1 B

CT

RF

LL

FT]

HD

AY

LA

PE

BW

WO ED LD AN WT

KB

DF

8K

RX

FE TY AR DO

CU

WL

IM

WM SL LE MO

ML

8N

_ MY EY

EM RO CV LH SL WY SY LN

WG NG LF WH ME CR DB FT CH DY NM L8

SG KG KD DU MN MG SP 8T LR CB WN EN

CL NT QC CW Wl CD RA HF WO WW NO HU WS ES

NK LK 8T KK WX PB CM BR GE OX BX BD HT NE

SK MC EC WA GM MM GW NW BK MX RE

»C L NS SW NH SR WK EK

ND 88 DT SH WX EX

EC SO iw
8C WC

Cl
Pisidium Uttjeborgii.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. 20.)

RECENT.

ENGLAND.
LANCASHIBE, HID. — ML.

Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.].

WALES.
CARITAEVONSHTRE. — CR.

Llyn Idwal (1200') [C. 0.] ; Llynan Mymbyr (588'), Capel Curig
[€. 0.].

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 115

SCOTLAND.

BCXE, AERAN Is., etc. — B.

Arran I. (Urie Loch, 1300') [K. H. J.].
PERTHSHIRE, MID. — PM.

Lochan a' Chait (22501) [F. F. L.J.

SHETLAND.— SI. [B.M. 61.11.22: 22 & 1911.10.26: 7081-95.]
SKYE. — S.

Loch na Harsaich (750', near Broadfurd) [J. 11. Le 13. Tomlin].

IRELAND.

ANTRIM. — AN.

Carnlough, Loughs to W. of (1000') [H. T.J.
CORK, WEST.— WC.

More, L. [K. H. J.].
DONEGAL, EAST. — ED.

Acapple, L. [H. T.] ; Achoson's L. [H. T.] : Aghvog, L. [H. T.] ;

Awaddy, L. [H. T.] ; Bally wara, L. [H. T.] ; Columbkille, L.

[H. T J; Derg, L. [H. T.J ; Lee, L. [H. T.] ; lloshin, L. [H. T.] ;

Hush en, L. [H. T.] ; Shivnagh, L. [H. T.] ; Tullynacross, L.

[H. T.] : Tullynasiddagh [H. T.] ; Vearty, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Fern, L. [J. N. M.J ; Melmore, L. [A. W. S.].

PlORAIANAGH. FE.

Aguse, L. [A. WT. S.J ; Aguse More, L. [H. T.] ; Aguse More

West, L. [H. T.] ; Anlaban, L. [H. T.] ; Awaddy, L. [H. T.] ;

Bigwood (Rules Pond) [H. T.]; Derrintrig, L. [H. T.] ; Ennis-

Uillen [A. S. K.] ; Glencreawan, L. [H. T.] ; Macroagh, L. [H. T.] ;

MaUybreen, L. [H. T.] ; Nafeola, L. [H. T.] : Nawalskey, L.

[H. t.]; Euslien, L. [H. T.] ; Scolban, L. [H. T.] ; Tally Lough

[H. T.]; Tullylough More [H. T.] ; Tullyvogy, L. [H. T.J;

Vearty, L. [H. T.J.
GALWAY, SOUTH — SG.

Atorisk, L. [U. A. P.]; Ball'nmsloe [K. A. P.]; Rea, L., in

association wifch P. steenbuchii [R. A. P.] ; Woodt'ord (L. Alee)

[R. A. P.J.

GALWAY, WKST.— Callow, L. [D. M.J.
KERRY, NORTH — NK.

Killarnoy [B.M. 59. 5. 16 : 6 ^«rsj.
KERRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory (Lakes up to '1500') [A. W. S.] ; Nagarriva,

L. [A. W. S.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Enagh L. [J. N. M.].
MAYO, WKST.— WM.

Achill I. [A. W. S.] ; Dougau, L., near Newport [A. W. S.].
WESDIEATE. — WH.

Diin, L., Mullingar [A. W. S.].

116 CATALOGUE OF

FOSSIL.
HOLOCENE.
LOSDOK.— I.

Siiand St., Tooley Rr. [A. S. K".].
LAHCASHIBR, ^!ID. — ML.

Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.].

SCOTLAND.

EDINBURGH. — ED.

Edinburgh (Gayfield) [M. P. G.] ; Edinburgh (Meadows)
[B.M. 98005 _j>ar*].

IRELAND.
CLARE.— CL.

Inchiquin [A. S. K.].
KILDAKE. — ED.

Ballybetagh [A. S. K.].

PLEISTOCENE.
ESSEX, SOUTH.— SE.

Uford [B.M.— L. 10042].
KENT, WEST.— WK.

Crayford-Erith [A. S. K. & B. B. W.] [B.M.— L. 6691].

CKOMEUIAN.
NORFOLK, EAST. — EN.

West lluuton [A. S. K.] [N. M.] [M. P. G.].

Judging from its distribution so far as at present known, this
•would appear to be an Alpine form. It Las been seen from
Iceland [F. H. Sikes Coll.], Lapland [Riksmuseum, Stockholm],
Sonset, Norway [Johansen Coll.], Sealand [Lynge Coll.], the Ber-
glisee am Hausstock (alt. 7546'), Switzerland [as P. alpicola, Cless.
( = P. loveni, Cless.) Norman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20: 22440-4:3],
and from Lake Baikal [Lindholm Coll. as P. nordenskioldi, var.
semenkevitschi, Lindholm (95, p. 8H)].

The sole record of its occurring fossil in any foreign locality is
in the Pleistocene (Hesbayen) at Soignies, Belgium [Mus. Hist.
Nat. Brussels],

15. Pisidium hibernicum, Westerlund.
[Pis. II, f. 9 ; IV, f. 5 ; XXIX, f. 1-6.]

1894. Pisidwm (Fotsarina) hibernicum, n. sp. : Westerlund, Nach-

ricbstbl. Deutsch. Malak. Gesell. xxvi, p. 20<).

1895. Pisidium (Fossarina} hibernicum, Westerld. ; Scharff, Irish Natu-

ralist, iv, p. 335, figs.

The present species, which is a very distinct form, originally
first collected by Dr. Scharff, was described by Westerlund (186,
p. 205) in the following terms : —

" C. supra medium ventricosissima, lateribus leviter convexis
regulariter ad marginem inferum declivis, truncato-ovata,

SPECIES OF PISIDltTJI. 117

uhique sulcato-striata, marginibus omnibus regulariter arcu-
atis, parte posteriore brevissima, unteriore duplo longiore,
ad murgines comprcssa, sed obtusissima ; umbones validi, lati,
tumido-rotundati, prominentes."

No details were given concerning the hinge characters, which,
may be thus particularized: —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 9 ; IV, f. 5) about f the length of the shell,
narrow, scarcely projecting save at the urnbo, not very strong,
flatly arcuate.

R.V. a. /. about ^ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, not very
strong, strongly bowed inwards ; base fairly strong,
somewhat swollen ; apex central, prominent, pointed
obtuse ; ridges somewhat rounded, sloping about
equally, at first steeply and then running out
horizontally.

a. in. about 4 the length of a. /., from which it is separated
by a deep fossa, not very strong or prominent; apex
about central, not very prominent, somewhat out-
wardly inclined, rounded obtuse ; ridges sloping away
about equally.
5. lamellit'orm, prominent, nearly straight, top irregular;

b somewhat thickened, sometimes sulcate.
p. i. about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, fairly
strong, straight, erect ; base fairly strong and swollen ;
apex distal side of centre, prominent, somewhat
acuminate; ridges fairly sharp, umbonal descending
fairly steeply at first, then gradually, distal very
steep.

p. in. about ^ the length of p. /., from which it is separated
by a deep fossa, very inconspicuous, closely apposed to
the shell-wall; apex very obtuse.

L.Y. rt. li. about | the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow,
strong, straight ; base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex
central, exceedingly prominent, acuminate, somewhat
distally directed, with peculiar outward twist ; ridges
sharp, distal sloping down very steeply and descending
to a lower level than the umbonal, which is not quite
so steep.
2. very prominent, obtusely triangular, with backwardly

directed apex, base coiitinuous with that of a. n.
4. lamelliform, not prominent, nearly straight, running
backwards from above 2 with slight downward diagonal
inclination.

p. u. about | the length of the hinge-line, rather narrow,
strong, straight ; base strong, slightly swollen ; apex
near distal end, very prominent, acuminate ; ridges
sharp, descending about equally, very steeply at first
and then gradually.

118 CATALOGUE OF

Dimension*. — Westerlund'a measurements are: — Long. •^••~i,
Alt. 3'5, Grass. Ji-5 mm., but a larger specimen in the National
Museum, Ireland, is Long. 4'5, Alt. 4 mm. The West Galway
specimens were smaller and less globose : 2-8 x 2*5 x 1'8 mm.

The outstanding feature of the species, apart from its globular
form, is I he peculiar curve and twist, of the anterior principal
lateral teelh, with the deep fossae behind them. Xo similar
diameters occur in any of the members of the genus treated of in
this Catalogue.

Judging from the specimens received from other plnces, there
can be no doubt but. that those from the type locality represent an
abnormally swollen form.

D I S T R I B U T I O N.

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Pisidium hibemicum.

(Recent occurrences are shown in red : fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. lor the explanation of the symbols see p. "20.)

SPECIES OF PISIDIUM. 119

RECENT.

CORK, WEST. — WC.

L. Namaddra and small uunained tarn close thereto [A. W. S.].
GAL WAY, WEST. — WG.

InishboBn (L. Gowlanagower) [A. W. S.].
GAL WAT, SOUTH. — SG.

TwUanafrankagh, L. [R. A. P.].
KEKRV, SOUTH. — SK.

L. Nagarriva [D. M.] [K. H. J.] [A. W. S.] [R. A. P.J.

Quite recently Dr. Nils Hj. Odher, of the Riksmuseurn at
Stockholm, very kindly forwarded specimens from the Takern See,
Ostergotland, Sweden, among which this species occurred ia
abundance. They were found in Chara at a depth of about 1 m.
with P. subtruncaium, P. casertanum, P. nitidum, P. milium and
P. lilljehorgii. The species is, therefore, a northern one and should
now be sought for in tarns in the Western Highlands of Scotland.

16. Pisidium obtusale (Lam.?) Jenyns.
[Pis. II, f. 10; IV, f. 4; XXX.J

1818. ?Cyc.las obtusalis: Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert, v, p. 559

(id., 2nd ed., vi, 183"), p. 269).
1821. Pisidium obtusale, Lam. ? : Pfeiffer, Xaturg. Deutsch. Moll, i,

p. 125, pi. v, f. 21, 22.
1832. Pisidium obtusale, Pi'eiff. : Jenyns, Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. iv,

p. 301, pi. xx, f. 1-3.
1837. Pisidium fontinale, var. obtusale, mihi : Held, Isis, 1837, col.

306.
1843. Ct/cfas fimtinalis, var. B. obtutalis: Dupuy, Essai Moll. Gers, p. 89.

- Cyclcis obtu-salis, Lam. ; Hanley, Cat. Rec. Bivalve Shells, p. 90.
1852. Per a giliba : Leach, Moll. Brit. Synop. p. 292.
1854. Pisuin obtusale, Lamk. : Deshuve?, Cat. Conch. Brit. Mus. ii,

p. 279.
18oo. Pisidium ylobulosum, nob. : Gassies, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,

xx, p. 348, pi. ii, f. 8.

1857. Pisidium casertanum, var. G. qlobulosum, Gass. : Baudou, Me"m.

Soc. Acad. Oise, iii, p. 343 & 348.

1858. Musculium obtusale, Pfeitf. : Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, p. 452.

1859. Pisidhim pusillum, var. obtusalis: Jeffreys, Auu. & Mag. Nat. Hist.

in, iii, p. 37.

1862. Pisidium tiitidum, Jenyns (pnrs) : Jeffreys, Brit. Concli. i, p. 25.
1873. Pisidium scholtzii, n. sp. : Clessin, Malakozool. Blatt. xx, p. 23,

pi. i, f. 1.

1902. ? Pisidium raddei, n. sp. : Dybowski, Nachriehtsbl. Deutsch.

Malakoz. Gesell. xxxiv, p. 95; Rossmassler, Icon., N. F. x,
f. 1810.

1903. Corneocyclas (Ot/cloca/y.r) scholtzii, Cless. : Dall, Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington, xvi, p. 7.

The recognition of this very distinct form must be attributed to
Jenyns, for though he like Pfeiffer adopted Lamarck's name, there
is no evidence as to the true nature of the forms those two older

120 CATALOGUE OF

naturalists had before them, lioth Pfeiffer and Jenyns question
whether their specimens belonged to Lamarck's species ; but while
Pfeiffer's diagnosis and figures are loo vague io permit of an
authoritative statement as to the identity of his species, there can
be no question concerning Jenyns', as a glance at his specimens at
Bath shows. Jeffreys, as already mentioned (p. 11), had confused
Jenyns'' P. nitidum and the present species.

Under the circumstances it may be well to give tho three
successive descriptions. Lamarck's (92, v, p. 559) is: —

" C. testa ovali, tumida, subinrcquilatera, pellucida, fragilis-
sima ; umbone obtusissimo. Mon cabinet .... Elle a des
rapports avec la suivante [Cyclas fontinalis]."

PfeifFer's diagnosis (134, i, p. 125) is more extended : —

" P. testa oblique cordata, ventricosa, tenuissime striata,
pellucida, fragilissima ; umbone obtusissimo .... GeJtaus :
schief herzformig, bauehig, etwas ungleichseitig, gliin/.end,
sehr fein kuum bemeiklich gestreift, dun-hsichtig, gelblich
weiss. Her untere Hand scharf. Die Wirbelspitzen. vorste-
liend, sehr stiunpf, gerundet."

Jenyns (83. p. -301), while assigning to coloration more than its
due, gives the best summary of the external characters : —

"P. testa globosa, oblique subovali, tenuissime striata;
umbonibus prominulis, obtusissirnis ..........

Var. ft. Test a ovato-trigona, ventricosissima, margine obtu-
sissimo. ....... Testa globoso-ovalis, vcntricosissima,

crassitudine fere altitudinem a?quanti, nitida, subtiliter
striata ; plerumque virescenti-nigra vel ochraceo-nigricans,
/ona marginal! (junioribus latissima) lutescenti, interdum
suhaimmtia ; rarius omnino lutescens : umbones tumidi,
obtuse rotundati, paulo promincntes.

Var. ft. gaudet test.a ventricosiori, margine basali obtu-
sissimo, quo minuatur altitude, et forma magis trigona vcl
ovato-trigona proven it. Ha?c vaiietas plerumque nigricans,
ochraceo plus minusve fucata/'

To this it is only necessary to add a detailed description of the
hinge characters: —

(PI. II, f. 10 ; IV, f. 4) about | the length of the shell,
strong, narrow, especially at the nmbo, projecting well inwards,
roundly arched, with slight anterior flexure in right valve.

R.V. a. /. about -/^ the length of the hinge-line, strong, stout,
inclined a little inwards ; lase strong and swollen
(especially in old specimens) ; apex central, or on
umbonal side of centre, prominent, acuminate to
rounded obtuse; r'ulyes rounded, sloping about equally,
fairly steeply (in old specimens fairly gradually),

SPECIKS OF PISIDIUM. 121

(i. ni. about \ the length of a. ;., very obscure, closely
apposed to the shell-margin.

3. very proininen4, faintly arcuate, thin, sharp, very
slightly thickened posteriorly, flat-topped, sides vertical.
p. i. about £ the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight, erect ; bate strong and swollen (especially in
old specimens) ; apev central, distally directed, promi-
nent, acuminate to rounded obtuse ; ridyes slightly
rounded, sloping about equally, fairly steeply (in old
specimens more gradually).

p. ni. not quite g the length of p. /., to which it is parallel,
erect, narrow, but spreading umbonally, and becoming
confluent with p. /. ; apex central, scarcely prominent,
very obtuse-pointed ; ridyes compressed, sloping about
equally.

L.V. a. if. about y\ the length of the hinge-line, strong, narrow,
erect, straight; hrtse very strong and swollen; ape.c
central, or on umbonal side of centre, very prominent,
acuminate; ridyes fairly sharp, distal exceedingly steep
at first, then almost horizontal, umbonal descending
very steeply to a slightly lower level than the distal.

£. very narrow and prominent, with vertical sides, erect,
the rounded cusp bent sharply outwards.

4- narrow, thin, sharp, slightly inclined backwards,

diagonally across the hin^e-plate.

p. ii. about ,L the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight, with slight outward tilt; bast strong and
swollen (especially in old specimens) ; apex distal side
of centre, very prominent, distally directed, acuminate;
ridyes somewhat rounded, umbonal descending fairly
gradually, distal nearly veitical at first, then sloping
very gradually.

Dimensions. — Lamarck simply says: — " Largcur, pres de 4 milli-
metres " ; Pfeiffer's measurements converted into millimetres are,
Long. 2, Alt. 2*5, Crass. l-o mm.; Jcnyns', similarly treated, are
3*5x3x3 mm. One from Lytham (Lanes.) collected by Mr. W.
M. Webb is 3'7 X 3'3 x 3-4 (PI* XXX, f. 1. 5), whilst it. Air. Cooper's
collection one from Criccieth (Carnarvon) is 3-"5 x 3'5 x 2*5 mm.

This species more commonly retains the hairy periostracnm to
the adult state. Its less tumid forms may be distinguished from
the rounded individuals of other species by the shortness of the
hinge-line, the peculiar manner in which it is cut away at the
iimbo, by the position of the apices of the lateral teeth which are
at most central, and often on the umbonal side of the centre, a
feature shared by no other species, by the almost total suppression
of the anterior lateral a. ///., and by the narrow, straight-sided,
boldly upstanding cardinals, especially L2 whose rounded cusp is
bent sharply over at the top as to impart to the whole tooth the
appearance of a staple.

122

CATALOGUE OF

Swollen specimens can be differentiated from forms of P. lill-
jeborgii, not only by the above characteristics but externally by
their smoother surface and the lack of the angularity of the
posterior dorsal margin so typical of the latter.

That, the species is liable to considerable variation is manifest
from the figures (PI. XXX), and is sometimes seen in n. single
gathering such as that from Birch (Essex) (PL XXX, f. 1 & 16).
One of the more swollen examples from this locality is shown at
fig. "2 on the same plate, and compares with that at fig. 5 from
T. Rogers' collection named by Jeffreys "P. nitidum, var. globosa."
The least tumid form, figs. 4 & 10, came from Guildford; the most
oval examples are represented in rigs. 13, 14 & 15, the last named
from Lytham being one of the largest met with. The thinnest were
those from Lochmaben, tigs. 8 & 18, whilst a quaint abnormality
from "Walworth Wood (Londonderry) is portrayed in fig. 7.

DISTRIBUTION.

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Pisidium obtutale,

(Recent occurrences are shown in red: fossil occurrences by a line
below the symbols. For the explanation of the symbols see p. '20.)

SPECIES OF PISIDir.M. 123

RECENT.

ENGLAND.

LONDON. — It.

Battersea [Gray Coll., B.M. 1906. 6. 18 : 1-4] ; Finchley Common
[J. E. C.] ; Thames at Putney [W. M. W.].

TSUI/KIXGHAMSHIKE. BK.

Iver [J. E. C.] ; near Uxbridge [J. E. C.] ; Westou Turvillo
[J. E. C.].
CH ESH IUK. — C H.

Baguley [C. 0.] ; Birkenhead [E. R. S.J ; Brines Brow,
MouMsworth [C. 0.] ; Chester [B. B. W.] ; Helsby [B. B. W.] ;
Mobberley [C. O.j ; Mouldsworth [J. E. C.] ; Oakmere [C. O.J ;
Kingway'[C. 0.].

CUMBERLAND. — CU.

Bassenthwaite [W. J. F.] ; Dalston [J. L.] ; Wreay [J. L.].
DEVONSHIRE, NORTH. — ND.

Morthoc district [J. L.].

DURHAM. DM.

Buttenvick [B.M. 1911.10.20: 7946-48]; Ehvick [B.M.

1911. 10. 26 : 7863-72] ; Newsham [E. 11. 8.].
ESSKX, NOKTH.— NE.

Birch [W. M. W.]; Coggeshall [B.M. 47.11.19: 148-162];

Colchester (?) [W. M. W.].
HERTFORDSHIRE. — HT.

Aldenham [C. 0.] ; Berkhampstead [C. 0.]; Colney Heath

[C. 0.] ; Maraworth Reservoir [C. 0.] ; B-ickinansworth [C. O.] ;

Park Street, St. Albans [C. 0.].
KEXT, EAST.— EiL

Deal [H. 0.] ; Marsh side, near Reculver [J. E. C.].
LANCASHIRE, MID. — If. L.

Lythatn [W. M. W.].
LANCASHIRE, Soum. — SL.

Hesketh Bank, Southport [A. S. K.] ; Liverpool [H. 0.];

Manchester [W. M. W.] [J. E. C.] ; Swiuton [T. H.].
LEICIO&TKRSHIKE. — LR.

Staverton [A. S. K.].
LINCOLNSHIRE, NORTH. — LN.

Linwode [C. S. C.] ; Newstead [C. S. C.] ; North Somercotes

[C. S.].
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Bushey Park [J. E. C.] ; Grcenford [J. E. C.] ; Harefield

[J. E. C.].
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. — NO.

Kettcring (Hot water tank c. 70°) [C. E. W.].
OXFORDSHIRE. — OX.

Pecsernore Piece, near Marston Copse [H. C. N.].
SOMERSETSHIRE, NORTH. — KS.

Clevedon & Kenn Moor [B.M. 53. 12. 6 : 42-52 & 1911. 10. 26 :

7663-80, 7893-7808].

124 CATALOGUE OF

STAFFORDSHIRE. — ST.

Gt. Burr Park [H. 0.].
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Lowes toft [A. M.] ; Mendlesham [A. M.] ; lleydon Marsh, near

Sonthwold [J. E. C.] ; Walberswick [J. E. C.j.
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Wyvcrstone [A. M.].
SURREY. — SR.

Chertscy Mead [B. B. W.] ; Gnildford [B. B. W.] ; Thames at

Kichmond [\V. M. W.] ; Tooting [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, EAST. — EX.

Bayham [A. S. K.] ; Lewes [B.M. 1911.10.26: 7704-09].
SUSSEX, WEST.— WX.

Chidham [C. ().].
WARWICKSHIRE.— WW.

Sutton Coldfield district [H. 0.].

W F.STMO KL A N D . WL .

Hampstell, Grange (700') [J. W. J.].
YORKSHIRE, MID-WEST. — MY.

Bcal [C. S ].
YORKSHIRE. NORTH-WEST. — NY".

Asenby [C. S.].
YORKSHIRE, XORTH-EAST. — EY.

Asenhy [C. S.].
YORKSHIRE. SOUTH-WEST. — WY.

Beal [C. 8.J : Huddersfield [B. B. W.].
ISLE or MAN.— IK.

Keur Ballaugh [F. T.].

WALES.

ANGLESEY. — A.

Gaorwer. [J. E. C.] ; Hhosneigr [J. E. C.].

BRKC05.— BE.

Llangorse [J. E. C.].
CA RNARVOX. — CR.

Criccieth [J. E. C.] ; Llyn Ogwen (984') [C. 0.].
GLAMOHGANSHIRE. — GM.

Llandaff [B. B. W.].
PFMUROKESHIRE. — PB.

Tenby [W. M. W.] [B.M. 98.6.16: 13-42].

SCOTLAND.

DUMFRIES. — DP.

Lochmaben [A. S. K.].
HADDINGTONSHIRE. — HD.

Luffness Links [C. S.].

ISLAY, &C. 1.

Colousay [K. H. J.J.

SPECIES OF PISIDITTM. 125

IK ELAND.

ANT KIM. — AN.

Bum Bridge [J. X. M.] : Glenavy, II. [D. M.] ; Glenshesk

[D. M.] ; Xeagh, L. [C. 0.] [D. M.].
CLARK.— CL.

Goller Lake [11. A. P.] ; Inishmore (Aran Is.) [R. A. P.].
CORK, WEST.— WC.

Xear More, L. [K. H. J.].
DONEGAL, EAST.— ED.

Acapple, L. [H. T.] ; Fad, L., Moville [J. X. M.] ; Shivnagh, L.

[H. T.] ; Vearty, L. [H. T.].
DONEGAL, WEST. — WD.

Feru, L. [J. X. M.J ; llossapenna [J. X. M.].
DOWN.— DO.

Downpatrick (11. Quoyle) [D. M.] ; Drum Bridge [J. X. M.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Tally Lough [H. T.] ; Tullyvogy, L. [H. T.J ; Yearly, L. [H. T.].
GALWAY, XORTEI. — NG.

Biillindoolig [H. A. P.J.
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SGr.

Ballinasloe [It. A. P.] ; Porturana [R. A. P.]
GALWAY, WEST. — WG-.

Callow, L. [D. M.J ; Inishbofin [A. W. S.].
KKRRY, SOUTH. — SK.

Dingle Promontory (Lakes 250'-3120') [A. W. S.] ; Xagarriva,

L. [A. W. S.].
LONDONDERRY. — LD.

Walworth Wood [J. X. M.].
MAYO, WEST.-- WM.

Ac-hill, I. [A. W. S.] ; Belraullet peninsula [A. W. S.] ; Clare,

1. [A. W. IS.]; Creevaghaun, L., nr. Xewport [A. W. 6.] ; Doo-

aglitry, L. [A. W. S.] ; Mask, L. (120-160') [A. S. K.]

MoNAGHAN. MO.

Glaslotigh [D. M.] ; Ross, L. [J. X. M.].
ROSCOMMON. — HO.

Bushy Park [ D. M.].
WATERFOKD. — WA.

Xear Waterford [A. W. S.].
WEXFORU. — WX.

Cahore [D. M.].

FOSSIL.

HOLOCEXE.

LONDON.— It .

Chingford [A. S. K.] ; Westminster [A. S. K.].
BERKSHIRE. — BK.

Xewbury [A. S. K.] [B.M.— L. 13215].

126 CATALOGUE OF

. — BX.

Boveney \ J. E. C.] ; 1'riuccs llisborough [Prcstwich Coll. : B M. —

L. 23958 J.
HAMPSHIRE, SOUTH. — SH.

Southampton Water [B.M.— L. 1-1971].
KENT, EAST.— EK.

Deal [A. S. K.].
LAKCASHIKE, MID. — ML.

Hawes Water, Silverdale [J. W. J.J.
SUFFOLK, EAST. — ES.

Blythburg [A. S. K.].
SUFFOLK, WEST. — WS.

Xnettislmll [A. S. K.].
SURREY. — SR.

Near Staines [A. S. K.].

IRELAND.

DOWN.— DO.

Ballyfinder [A. S. K.] ; Hillsborough [A. W. S.].
FERMANAGH. — FE.

Kilnainadoo [A. S. K.] ; Magheragcra [A. S. K.].
GALWAY, SOUTH. — SGr.

Portumna [A. S. K.].
MAYO, EAST. -EM.

Lakelands [A. S. K.].
HEATH.— ME.

Mentrim, L. [A. S. K.].

PLEISTOCENE.

LONDON. — U.

Angel ltd., Tottenham (Glacinl) [A. S. K.] ; Shacklewell Lane

[Prcbtwich Coll., B.M.— L. 23975 very globose],
MIDDLESEX. — MX.

Ponder's End (Glacial) [A. S. K.].
SUSSEX, WEST.— WX.

West Wittering [A. S. K.].

P. obtusaleis not well-known on the Continent. It has been seen
from Iceland [F. H. Sikes Coll.], Scandinavia [Lynge Coll.], Bavaria
[Xorman Coll., B.M. 98.5.20 : 22268-71], Russia [Lindholm Coll.],
Chamouni [Coll. Marquess de Monterosato — very dwarfed], and
judging from Baudon's figures (9, pi. i, f. E) occurs in France.
When better known it will probably prove to inhabit Europe north
of the Alps.

Fossil it has been recorded from the Holocene and Pleistocene
of Denmark [Johansen (85, p. 9)] : and recognized in the Pleistocene
(Campinien and Hesbayen) of Soignes, Belgium [Mus. Hist. Nat.
Brussels]. P. fossile, Sacco, from the Pliocene of Piedmont is
closely allied.

SPECIES OK risiDirir.

127

17. Fisidium vincentianum, n. sp.
(Pis. II, f. 2; IV, f. 6 ; XX VII, f. 7-11.)

Testa parva, ovato-subtrigona, satis iuaequiluteralis, ventricoea,
icnuissime striata, nigis increment! elevatis hie illic 4-5 piaedita :
superue rotundato-conica, umbonibus pronuinentibus, obtusissimis ;
autice prolongato-rotundata ; postice truncato-rotundata ; inferno
arcuata. Cardine tenui, deutibus validis ; ligameiiti fossa brevis,
maxitne depressa, fere ad murum testae apposita.

The detailed hinge characters are : —

Hinge (PI. II, f. 2 ; IV, f. 6) about | the length of the shell, fairly
•wide, projecting somewhat inwards, and very strong, exceedingly
arcuate, interrupted at ligament-pit which recedes back against
the shell-wall.

11. V. «. /. about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
faintly curved inwards ; base very strong and swollen ;
apex distal side of centre, not very prominent, obtuse-
pointed ; ridges fairly sharp, descending about equally
and fairly steeply at first, then gradually.
a. ///. at out | the length of «./., to which it is parallel, narrow,
straight, somewhat inclined against the shell-wall ;
apex near distal end, not very prominent, very obtuse ;
ridijes sharp, sloping about equally.

3. very prominent, sickle shaped, the rounded end, &,
sulcate and overhanging the inner margin of the hinge-
plate.

p. I, about | the length of the hinge-line, narrow, strong,
straight ; base strong, somewhat swollen ; apex central,
moderately prominent, obtuse-pointed ; ridges fairly
sharp, sloping about equally and fairly steeply.
p. in. about 3 the length of p. /., to which it is parallel, narrow,
not very strong, straight, somewhat inclined against the
shell-wall; apex obtuse-pointed ; ridges sharp, sloping
about equally and fairly steeply.

L. V. «. //. about | the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, strong,
straight ; base very strong and swollen ; apex on dis-tul
side of centre, very prominent, obtusely acuminate ;
ridges sharp, sloping about equally and very steeply.
2. prominent, obtusely triangular, apex back \vardly directed
and pointing towards the umbo, base continuous with
that of «. //.

4. lamelliform, sharp, prominent, seeming to spring from
the shell-margin under the umbo, and curving gently
backwards round 2 to about half across the hinge-
plate.

p. ir. about | the length of the hinge-line, very narrow, strong,
straight; base strong, swollen ; apex central, very pro-
minent, obtusely acuminate ; rid yes sharp, umbonal

128 CATALOGS OF SPECIES OF PIS1DIUM.

sloping fairly steeply to a point, well 1 flow the general
level of the hinge- plate and revealing the ligament -pit,
distal ridge very steep at first, then sloping gradually.

Dimensions: — Long. 3'2, Alt. 2'7, Crass. 2 mm.

The specimens described come from the Pleistocene (Campinien)
at. Soignies, Belgium [Mas. Hist. Xut. Brussels], and were sent me
with the other Belgian fossil species at the instance of Mons. E.
Vincent, in honour of whom the species is named.

The marked feature of this unmistakable form is the extraordinary
depression of the ligament-pit, which can only be properly seen
when the hinge is viewed from across the ventral margin of. the
shell.

So far the only species seen at all resembling it is the living
P. steii'arti, Preston (140, p. J 16), taken at an altitude of 14,500
feet at High Hill Gompa, Gyantse Valley, Tibet.

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164. SHUTTLE WORTH (R. J.). — Diignosen einiper nenen Mollusken

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166. STERKI (V.). — The cardinal teeth of Pisidium. Nautilus,

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167. STUDER (S.). — Kur/es Yerzeichniss der bis je'zt in unsenn

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169. SUTER (H.). — Noti/.en iiber die Tiefsee-Molluskenfnuna

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172. - The Natural History of Ireland. 4 vols.

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SPECIES OF P18ID1UM. 139

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186. — Neue central asiatische Mollusken. Ann. Mus. Zool.

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187. Synopsis Molluscorum extramariuorum Scandinaviae,

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189. WOOD (S. V.). — A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca, &c.

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190. WOODWAED (B. B.). — On the Pleistocene [and Holocene]

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140 CATALOGUE OF SPECIES OF

191. WOODWARD (B. B.). — Note on the occurrence of Pisidium
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192. On the occurrence of Pisidium siipinvm in the living

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194. Note on further British localities for Pisidium Steen-

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195. On the occurrence of Pisuliitm Hilernicum in southern

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196. WUEST (E.). — Das Vorkommen von Pisidium attartoides,
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INDEX.

acuminatum, 32.

acumiuatum, P. fossarinum /3, 44.

ucutum, 13.

aliena, 107.

a iennni, 16.

alligata, P. gassiesianum, var. 0,

70.

alligatum, P. pusillum, 3, 70.
alpicola, 111, 116.
amuia, Cyclas, 1.
a tunica, Cordula, 16.
amnica, Corneocyclas, 16.
amnica, Cyclas, 16.
amnica, Pera, 16.
anmica, Tellina, 16.
amnicum, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,

12, 13, 15,16-27, 29, 60, 93.
amnicum, var. danubialis, 16, 19.
amnicnm, var. 13, nitida, 31, 32.
amnicum, var. nova, 16.
amnicum, var. sulcatum, 27.
amnicum, Cardium, 16.
amnicum, Musculium, 16.
amnicum, Pisum, 16.
amnioum, Tellina, 6.
antiquum, 12, 27, 31.
appendiculata, Cyclas, 13, 93.
appendiculata, Pera, 93.
arcseforme, 9, 70.
arctic um, 33.
asperi, 13.

asperi, P. milium, var., 13.
astartoides, 3, 6, 12, 18, 27-31.
australe, Musculium, 32.
australe, Pisum, 32.

baicalense, 16, 27.
barbozanum, 13.
bartolomneum, 84.
baadonianum, 70.

baudonii, 100.
bonnafouxianum, 100.
boreale, 33.

caliculatum, 31.

Citnariense, 13.

capellinii, 44.

ca-ertana, P. pusillum, var., 32.

casertanum, 2, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15,

19, 31-44, 46, 47, 54, 55, 62, 84,

102, 109, 119.
casertanum, var. bonnatbuxianuni,

100.
caaertanum, var. gassiesianum,

70.
casertanum, var. G, globulosum,

119.
casertanum, var. jaudouinianum,

100.

casertanum, var. B, limosum, 32.
casertanum, Cardium, 6, 31.
casertanum, MubCulium, 32.
casertanum, Pisum, 32.
cazertauum, 32.

cazertanurn, rj, gassiesianum, 70.
cazertanum, e, noriuandium, 70.
cazertanum, var. 7, thermale, 60.
charpentieri, 13.
cinerea, P. fontinale, var., 32.
cinerea, P. henslowiauum, var., 32.
cinerea, Cyclas, 31.
cinereum, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 31,

32, 36.

clessini, 53, 59, 60, 69.
colbeaui, 13.
conicum, 10, 100.
conventus, 13.
Cordula, 2.
Corneocyclas, 1.
costulatum, 85, 111.

142

INDEX.

creplini, 13.

cuneatuni, 82.

curtum, P. fontinale, var., 53.

curtum, P. fossarinum, var., 53.

dabneyi, 13.
danubiale, 16.
ddingoli, 13.
demissuin, 13.
depressum, 16.
dubia, Cyclas, 1, 2.
dubium, 33, 44.
dubrneili, 13.
duplication, 13.
dnpuyauum, 84.

elongata, P. amnicuru, var., ]0, 19.
elongatum, 1(3.
Euglesa, 2.

Fluminina, 5.
fluviatilis, Pera, 16.
fontinale, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 33, 85.
fontinale, var. ?, 107.
fontinale, var. cinerea, 32.
fontinale, var. curtum, 53.
fontinale, var. henslowana, 93.
fontinale, var, obtusale, 119.
fontinale, var. pallida, 84.
fontinale, var. pulchella, 78.
fontinalis, Cyclas, 1, 6, 7, 13, CO,

84.
fontinalis, Cyclas, var. B, obtusalis,

119.

foreli, 14.
Fosuarina, 5.
fossarinum, 33.

fossarinum, /3, acuminatum, 44.
fossarinum, var. curtum, 53.
fossile, 126.
fragillimum, 14.
fuscuni, 14.
futtereri, 14.

Galileia, 2.

gassiesianum, 10, 11, 70.

gassiesiauum, var. C, alligata, 70.

gibba, 7.

gibba, Cyclas, 60.

gibba, Pera, 100, 110.

globosa, P. nitidnni, var., 11.

globulare, 107, 108, 109.

glob ulosu in, 119.

granum, 44. 52.

grateloupianu n, 32.

gratelnpennum, 32.

heldi-ichii, 33.
henslowana, Tellina, 7, 93.
henslowanum, 6,9, 10, 13, 15, 8-"),

86, 93-100, 102.
henslowanum, t, dupuvanum, 84.
henslowanum, var. /3, normale,

100.

henslowanum, 7, pallid urn, 84.
henslowanum, var. ft, supinvim,

100.

henslowiana, Pera, 16.
henslowianum, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12,

93.

heuslowiannm, var. B, 84.
henslowianum, d, bonuafouxianum,

100.

henslowiaKiiin, var. cinerea, 32.
henslowianum, f, jaudouinianum,

100.
henslowianum, var. pulchellum,

78.

henslowianum, Corneocyclas, 93.
henslowianum, Euglesa, 60.
henslowianum, Musculinm, 93.
henslowiaunm, Pisum, 93.
henslowianum, Tropidocyclas, 93.
herminii, 33.

hibernicum, 6, 12, 116-119.
hispanicutn, 33.
hoyeri, 107.

ibevicum, 32.
imbutum, 14.
imhofi. 14.
inipar, 33.
incertum, 44.
in datum, 16.
intermedium, 16, 31, 32.
iratianum, 32.
italicum, 33.

jaudoninianum, 100.
'jenynsii, 8. 9, 14, 84.
joaunis, 8, 14.

korotnevi, 107, 111.
kiikenurense, 14.

lacustris, Cyolas, 2.
lateumbonatum, 14.
lenticulare, 32.
lenticulare, Musculium, 32.
lenticulare, Pisum, 32.
lenticularis, Cyclas, 31.
lilljeborgii, 6," 12, SO, 107, 109,
ill-116, 119.
m, 31.

143

limosum, P. casertanum, var. 13,

82.

liiidstroemi, 33.
loveni, 111, 116.
lujranense, 14.
lumstenianum, 14.

maculatum, 33.
miliolum, 14.

milium. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,

70-78,79, 1!9.
railium, var. asp^ri, 13.
milium, var. normandianum, 60.
minima, Cyclns, 14.
minimum, 14.
moitessierianum, 100.
moreauum, 33.
moussoniauum, 14.
mucronatum, 93.
Musculium, 2.

nitida, P. amnicum, var. B, 31. 32.

nitida, Cvclas, 44.

uitidum, '6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

14, 15, 19, 35, 44-52, 54, 62,

80,86, 109, 119, 120.
nitidum, var. globosa, 122.
uitidum, var. splendens, 53, 78,

111.

nitidum, Mitsculium, 44.
uitidum, Pisum, 44.
nordenskioldi, 33.
nordenskioldi, var. seinenkevitschi,

111, 116.
normale, P. henslowanuin, var. £,

100.

norraandianum, 79.
nonnandimram. P. milium, var.,

60.

nova, P. amnicum, var., 16, 18, 19.
nucleatum, 33.
nucleus, P. henslowianum, var., 93.

obliqua, Cyclas, 6, 16.

obliquatum, 14, 32.

obliquum, 7, 13, 16.

obtusale. 5, 6, 7, 10, 1], 12, 14,

100, 103, 119-126.
obtusale, var. personatum, 53.
obtusale, Musculium, 119.
obtusale, Pisum, 119.
obtusalis, P. pusillum, var., 44.
obtusalis, Cyclas, 0, 84, 119.
obt usa turn, 14.
occupatum, 14, 15.
olivetorum, 14.
ova It1. 14.

ovatuni, 33.

pallida, P. fontinale, var., 84.

pallidum, 32.

pallidum, P. henslowauum, y, 84.

palustris, Cyclas, 6, 16.

parvulum, 6, 105-107.

Pera, 2.

personatum, 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15,

35, 44, 46, 47, 53 59, 62, 03.
Phymesoda, 2.
piattii, 14.
pileus, 44.
Pisidium, 1.
Pisum, 2.
poulseni, 85.
prisca, Cyclas, 31.
priscum, 32.
profundum, 15.
proloiig-iitum, 15.
pulchella, P. fontinnle, var., 78.
pulchella, Cyclas, 78.
pulchella, Pera, 78.
pulchellum, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,

15, 32, 33, 60, 78-84, 103.
pulchellum, vars. ^ & y, 84.
puHiellum, var. c, 70, 72.
pulchellum, Pisum, 78.
pusilla, Corneocyclas, 60.
pusilla, Cyclas, 60.
pusilla, Tellina, 2, 6, 60.
pusillum, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15,

44, 46, 47, /54, 60-69, 107, 109.
pusillum, S, alligata, 70.
pusillum, var. casertana, 32.
pusillum, var. obtusalis, 44, 119.
pusillum, P, quadrilateruin, 70.
pu>illum, Musculium, 60.
pusillum, Pisum, 60.

quadrangulum, 15.
quadrilateruui, P. pusillum, var.,
70.

raddei, 119.
rambottiauum. 15.
reclusianum, 9. 15.
recluzianum. 15.
rivalis, Tellina, 16.
rivulare, 33.
Rivulina, 5.
roseum, 11, 12, 31, 70.
rnseum, Musculinm, 32.
roseum, Pisum, 32.
rotundum, 15.

Bchmidti. \~t.

144

IN'DEX.

scholtzii, 119.

scholtzii, Corneocyclas, 119.

semenkevitschi, P. nordenskioldi,

var., 111, 116.
sibiricum, 33.
sinuatum, 15.
sordellianum, 33.
gphseriiforme, 44.
splendeus, P. nitidum, var., 5-3, 78,

111.

steenbuohii, 6, 8, 107-111, 115.
steenbuchii, Cyclas, 107.
steenbuchii, Sphserium, 107.
steward, 128.
studeri, 15.
submersum, 15.
subtilestriatum, 16, 19, 27.
subtruncatum, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15,

19, 79, 84-93, 95, 119.
sulcatum, 16, 27.
supinoides, 100.
supinum, 5, 6, 9, 10, 36, 95, 100-

105, 107.

supinum, Musculium, 100.
supinum, Pisum, 100.

targionianus, 33.
tenebrosa, Galileia, 2, 31.

tenebrosa, Musculium, 32,

tetragonum, 70.

thermale, 32.

thermale, P. casertanum, var. y,

60.

tornense, 60.
trausversale, P. lilliebonrii, var.,

113.

transversum, 16.
trigonoides, 33.
trigonum, 100.
tritoniji, 15.
tumidum, 85.
turanicuin, 84.

urinator, 15.

vincentianum, 6, 127-128.
virginica, Tellina, 2.
vitrea, Cyclas, 31.
vitreum, 31.

vitreum, Musculium, 32.
vitreum, Pisum, 32.

watsoni, 15.
xantholenum, 33.

I'KINTKD MY TAYLOR ASP FIIAXCIS, RKD MOS COl'HT, FLKET STKEKT.

Gat. Pisidium Brit. Mus,

PI. I.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I.

Diagrammatic Enlargements of the Hinges of: —

1. Pisidium amnicum.

2. — - astartoides.

3. ca-sertanum.

4. — from Caserta.

5. [= P. fossarinum, Clessin].

6. : lake, or still-water form.

7. personatum.

8. — piisillum.

9. nitidxm.

10. milium.

(Figs. 2 & 3 have been only slightly " touched.'*)

In the above Plate the white dots are placed opposite the
apices of the inner lateral teeth, and in fig. 7 the two white lines
point towards the callus.

PLATE II.

Diagrammatic Enlargements of the Hinges of:

1. Pisidium pulchellum.

2. viucentianum.

3. subtruncatura.

4. henslowanum.

5. supinum.

6. parvulum.

7. steenbuchii.

8. lilljeborgii.

9. — Jiilcrnicitm.

10.

In tlie above Plate the white dots are placed opposite the
apices of the inner lateral teeth.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. II,

10

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

RV ai

PI. III.

LV. callus ±J , ajr

tf LV

R.V.

PLATE III.
Ventral aspect of Hinges, drawn by camera lucida, of : —

1. Pisidium amnicum.

2. - astartoides.

3. - casertanum.

4. - pusilium.

5. - pc>-?onali<m.

6. - nitidum.

7. — sitbtruncatum.
8.

9. - hensloivanum.

PLATE IV.

Ventral aspect of Hinges, drawn by camera lucida, of : —

1. Pisidium, steenbuchii.

2. lilljeborgii.

3. milium.

4. obtusale.

5. hibernicum.

6. vincentianum.

7. — supinum.

8. parvulum.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

al

PI. IV.

LM JIM &*» — f*

R.v.

RV. a 7

RV.

RV.

PLATE V.

(Miiller).

1. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the Regent's

Canal, N.W. London.

2. a, 6. — of a pair from the Thames at Hampton Wick.

Middlesex.

3. «, 6. — 'of a pair from the Holton Canal, Lancashire.

4. a, ft. — of a pair } from the Pleistocene at Crayford-

4. c, d. — of a right valve j Erith, Kent.

5. «, ft. — of a pair from the Cromerian at West Runton,

Nbrfblk-.

6. a, 6. — of a pair from the Pleistocene at .Barn well Abbey,

Cambridgeshire.

7. a, ft. — of left Valve of " var. danubialit" from the Pleisto-

cene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

8. a, ft. — of right valve of the same from the Pleistocene at

Grays, Essex.

9. a, ft. - of & left valve of a strongly striate example from

the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex. (P. stdcutum,
pars, of S, P. Woodward's coll.)

11. a-f. External left aspect of a series of different ages from the

Thames at Hampton Wick, Middlesex.

12. a-cL — of young shells from Newton Abbott, Devon.

13. External right aspect of adult shell from the Regent's

Canal, tf.W. London.

14. External left aspect of adult shell from the Eolton Canal.

Lancashire.

15. External right aspect of adult shell from the Thames at

Hampton Wick, Middlesex.

16. — —from the Spandauer Canal, Berlin. ("Var. «'lo»;fnta.")

17. a-f?. External right aspect of a series of different ages of

'• var. nova, Paul.^', from St. Canxian, Croatia.

18. - of adult shell from tire Coin at West Drayton.

Middlesex:

S, Sandberger.

10. «, ft. Posterior arid dorsal View of a left Valve from tho
Pleistocene at Grays, Essex. ( f\ mtlctihuii; pars, of
S. P. Woodward's coll.)

*** Thf> softie in millimetrts under ea'ch RghVe, or sprigs 'of fip-uros,
fckows tTif am'oulU

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. V.

PLATE VI.
PJSIDIUM AMNICUM (Miiller).

1. a-l. External aspect of a series of valves of all ages from the

Pleistocene at Grays, Essex. Typical form.

2. a-l. - Form verging towards " var. danubialis" from the

same locality and formation.

3. a-l. — — of " var. danubialis" from the same locality and

formation.

4. a-v. — showing transition into the small trigonal form, from

the same locality and formation.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. VI.

PLATE VII.

PISIDIUM AMNICUM (Miiller).

1. a-d1 '. External aspect of a series of valves of all ages from the

Pleistocene of Crayford-Erith. Typical form.
[1 m & p show the dendritic markings characteristic
of this deposit. 1 s is an example of one of the
fractured and repaired valves that are frequent.]

2. a-j. still younger specimens more highly magnified, from

the same locality and formation.

3. a-k. very young forms of " var. danubialis" from tho

same locality and formation.

4. a-h. larger examples of that variety, from the same

locality and formation.

5. n-7i. from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent. Form

intermediate between the type and " var. danu-
bialis"

6. a-f. from the Cromerian at West Runton, Norfolk.

Typical form.

%* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. VII.

PLATE VIII.
PISIDIUM AMNICUM (Miiller).

1. a, b. Internal aspect of adult pair from the Thames at Hampton

Wick, Middlesex.

2. rt, I. of " var. nova, Paul.," from St. Canzian, Croatia.

3. <7, b. of adult pair from the Coin at West Dray ton,

Middlesex.

4. «, 6. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

5. Internal aspect of adult right valve, from Doubs.

0. of adult left valve of "var. danubialis," from Vienna.

7. a-j. of a series of pairs of different ages from the Thames

at Hampton Wick, Middlesex.

*#* The scale in millimetre^ under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. VIII.

PLATE IX.

PISIUIUM AMNICTJM (Mlillcr).

1. a-f. Internal aspect of a series of adult valves, showing

variation in outline, of the typical form from the
Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

2. a-h. of the " var. danubialis " from the Pleistocene at

Grays, Essex.

3. «-/! of young valves of the typical form, from the

4. a-f. / Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

•'" I of the young valves of the " var. danubialis,'" from

the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

7. a-d. }

[7 c contains an attached Pearl : the only instance
met with.]

8. o, b. of two adult valves of the intermediate form, from

the Cromerian at West llunton, Norfolk.

9. a-f. - of a series of valves of the extremely triangular

form, from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification,

Cat, Pisidium Brit. Mus,

PI. IX,

PLATE X.

PISIDIUM AST.VUTOIDES, Sandbcrgcr.

1. a-j. External aspect of a series of valves of different ages,

showing variation in outline and sculpture, from
the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

2. a-g. from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

3. a-l. from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

4. a-j. from the Cromerian (peat) at West Kunton, Norfolk.

5. a, 1). Posterior and dorsal view of two apposed valves from the

Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

6. «, b. of a pair of valves from the Cromerian at West

Run ton, Norfolk.

7. Umbonal view of a right valve from the same formation

and locality, greatly enlarged to show the character-
istic sculpturing.

8. a-c. External aspect of three right valves from the same forma-

tion and locality.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. X.

PLATE XI.

PISIDITJSI ASTAKTOIDES, Sandbcrger.

1. «-n. External aspect of a series of valves showing variation in

the outline and sculpture, from the Cromerian
(gravel) at West Run ton, Norfolk.

2. a-p. from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

51s** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XI.

PLATE XII.

PISIDITJM ASTARTOIDES, Sandberger.

1. a-o. Internal aspect of a series of valves of all ages showing

variation in form of outline and strength of hinge,
from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

2. a-d. of four adult valves from the Pleistocene at Grays,

Essex.

3. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

4. «-7t. Internal aspect of a series of valves of different ages

showing variation, from the Pleistocene at Cray-
ford- Erith, Kent.

5. a-k. from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

[o^r is a right valve having the double cardinals proper
to the left valve; whilst a. ///. and p. in. are reduced
in size. 5 fc, on the other hand, is a left valve having
the dentition proper to a right valve.]

6. rt, b. two adult valves from the Cromerian at West

llunton, Norfolk.

7. a, b. the same two more highly magnified.

8. a, b. two valves from the Cromerian (gravel) of the same

place.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of maffnUicatioB.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XII.

^

PLATE XIII.

PlSIDlVAI CASERTANUJI (Poli).

1. a, I. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Fitton Hall, Oldham,

Lancashire. (" Pisidium jpusillam, var. grandis": T. Rogers
coll.)

2. ft, b. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (" Pigidium puriUum, large

variety. J. G. Jeff." : T. Rogers coll.)

3. ft, b. of a pair from Lagan Canal (2nd lock), Cos. Down and Antrim.

4. ft, b. of a pair from Scarborough, Yorkshire.

5. a, b. of a pair from Basaenthwaite, Cumberland.

<i. a, b. of a pair from Lancaster.

7. ft, b. of a pair from the Sebeto, Naples.

8. ft, b. of a pair from Wniana, Roumania. (•' P. fossarinum, Clcssin.")

9. External right aspect of a pair from Manchester. ("P. fontinaJe,

C. Pt'r., var. rosea, Scholtz " from 0. Boettger.)

10. of a pair from Swiuton, Lancashire. (" P.fontina7e, var. cinereum

[sic]," marked " J. G. Jeff." : T. Rogers coll.)

11. of a pair from Scarborough, Yorkshire.

12. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (" P. pueillum, large variety,

J. G. Jeff." : T. Rogers coll.)

13. — of a pair from Fitton Hall, Oldham, Lancashire, (" P. pusillum,

var. grandis " : T. Rogers coll.)
] 4. of a pair from Bath, Somerset. (" P. fontinale, var. pulcJiella,

named by Mr. Jenyns" : T. Rogers coll.)

] 5. of a pair from Addington, Surrey.

10. of a pair from Gateshead, Durham. (" P. cinereum " : T. Rogers

coll.)

17. a-j. of a series of the " lake form " from Bassenthwaite, Cumberland.

18. External left and right aspect of a pair from the type locality at Caserta,

Italy.

19. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Hendon, Middlesex.

20. «, b. of two pairs from North Wootton, Norfolk.

21 . of a pair from Shirvvell, Devonshire.

22. of a pair from Lancaster.

23. — of three pairs from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

24. ft. b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Vrestre Aker, Christiania.

25. External right aspect of a pair from Coolkeeragh, Co. Londonderry.

2.V*. ft-c. of three pairs from the Lagan Canal, Cos. Down and Antrim.

2<>. a-d. of four pairs from Annadale, Co. Down.

27. of a pair from Sicily. (" Galileja tenebrosa, 0. G. Costa " :

R. Bellini.)

28. of a pair from Vestre Aker, Christiania.

2!>. of a pair from Mt. Majella, Italy. (" P. casertanum, var. lenti-

cnlaris, Norm." : R. Bellini.)

30. of a pair from the Sebeto, Naples.

31. of a pair from Wniana, Roumania. ("P. fossarinum, Clessin.")

32. ft, b. of two pairs from Naples. ("P. australe, Phiil." : R. Bellini.)

33. of a right valve from Trancailla, Italy.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnificatum.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus,

PI. XIII.

PLATE XIV.

PlSIDItlM CASEKTANUM (Poll).

1. a, b. External aspect of two opposite valves from the Holocene

at Gayfield, Edinburgh.

2. of left valve from the Cromerian (peat) at "VYesfc

Runton, Norfolk.

3. a-e. of a series of left valves from the Holoceue at

Dagenham, Essex.

4. a-x. of a series of valves showing variation, from the

Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

5. (t-l. — - from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

6. a-e. — — - from the Holocene at Newbury, Berkshire.

7. a-p. from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

8. a-Ji. — — from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

*** The acale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of niao-nification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XIV.

PLATE XV.

PlSIDIUM CASEKTA.NUM (Poll).

1. a, It. External aspect of a pair from the type locality, Caserta.

2. «, ft. Enlargement of the Hinge of the above.

3. a, b. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge of a typical

specimen.

4. a, b. Enlargement of the Hinge of P. fossarhnim, Clessin.

5. «, b. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge of the lake, or

still-water form.

6. a, b. Internal aspect of a pair of valves from Fitton Hall.

Oldham, Lancashire. ("P. pusillum^ var. gran-
dis": T. Rogers coll.)

7. rt. 1). of a pair from Gateshead, Durham. ("P. cinereum":

T. llogcrs coll.)

8. a, b. of a pair from Scarborough, Yorkshire.

9. «, b. of a pair from Annadale, Co. Down.

10. a, b. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. ("P. fonti-

nale, var. cinereum [sic]," marked " J. G. Jeff." :
T. Rogers coll.)

11. «, b. of a pair from Manchester. ("P. fontinaJe, var.

rosea, Scholtz " from 0. Boettger.)

12. «, b. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. ("P. pusillum,

large variety, J. G. Jeff." : T. llogers coll.)

13. «, b. - of a pair from Naples. (" P. australe, Phill." :

11. Bellini.)

14. rt, b. — of a pair from Bath, Somersetshire. (" P. fontinale,

var. pulcheUa, named by Mr. Jenyna": T. Rogers
coll.)

15. a, ft. of a pair from Addington, Surrey.

16. rt, b. — of a pair from Saunton, Mortehoe, Devon.

17. of a right valve from Trancailla, Italy.

18. rt, b. of a pair from Sicily. (" Galileja tenebrosa, 0. G,

Costa " : R. Bellini.)

19. rt-7t. — of a series of valves from Giesegaard, near Borup,

Sealand.

20. a-li. — from Lyngby-Bagsvor So, Sealand.

21. rt, b. — of a pair of valves from North Wootton, Norfolk.

22. «, ft. of a pair from Tudor Hill, Sutton Coldfield, War-

wickshire.

23. a, ft. of a pair from Trancailla, Italy.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XV.

PLATE XVI.

PlSIDITTM CA.SERTAXUM (Poll). •

1. a—f. Internal aspect of a series of three pairs from Hendon,

London.

2. a-f. from Damage Pond, Mortehoe, Devon.

3. a~d. of two pairs from Borough Stream, Mortehoe, Devon.

4. a-c. of a pair and an odd valve from Lochmaben, Dum-

friesshire.

5. a-7. of a series of pairs of the lake form, from Bassen-

thwaite, Cumberland.

6. a-c. of two pairs from Shirwell, Devon.

1 . a, b. of an abnormal pair from Newtownards, Co. Down.

8. a, b. of the Hinge of the same enlarged.

[The right valve shows a double, instead of a
single, cardinal ; whilst a. in. is suppressed and
p. in. reduced. In the left valve the lateral
teeth are doubled as in a normal right valve.]

9. a-d. of two pairs from Vestre Aker, Christiania.

(" P. globulare, Clessin.")

10. o, b. of a pair from Mt. Majella, Italy. ("P. casertanum ,

var. lenticularis, Norm." : R. Bellini.)

11. «, b. of a pair from Lancaster.

12. a, b. of a pair from Bennett's Mouth, Mortehoe, Devon.

13. a, b. — of a pair from Coolkeeragh, Co. Londonderry.

14. a, b. • of a pair from Lagan Canal (2nd lock), Cos. Down

and Antrim.

15. a, b. of a pair from Wniana, Roumania. (" P. fossari-

num, Clessin.")

16. «, b. of a pair from the Sebeto, Naples.

*** The scale iu millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XVI.

a_
, ^^^

PLATE XVII.

PlSJDIUM CASERTANTTM (Poll).

1. a-o. ] Internal aspect of a series of valves showing variation,

2. a-o. J from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

[ from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

4. a-v. J

[3 q & s and 4 p are abnormal, partly reproducing
the characters of the opposite valve. The two formei
having each a single anterior lateral tooth instead of
two ; whilst the last has a double instead of a single
anterior lateral.]

*jif* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XVII.

Q Q A ft ft ft

PLATE XVIII.
FIST ni CM CASEKTANUM (Poll).

1. «-/<. Internal aspect of a scries of valves from the rejecta-

menta of the Thames, Chertsey Mead, Surrey.

2. a, b. of two valves from the Holocene in Berkshire, near

Staines.

3. a, b. | of a series of valves from the Holocene at Dagenham,

4. a-f, J Essex.

5. a-f. of a series of valves from the Holocene at Gayfield,

Edinburgh.

6. of abnormal right valve from the Holocene at Elie,

Fifeshire, in which one of the posterior lateral
teeth is suppressed.

7. — from the Pleistocene of Swanscombe, Kent, in
which the lateral teeth are single instead of
double.

8. a, l>. ] of a series of valves from the Holocene at Newbury,

9. a-f. J Berks.

10.o,6.1 from the Holocene at Westbury-on-Severn,

11. a-c. J Gloucestershire.

12. a-l. from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

13. a, b. of two valves from the Pleistocene at West Wittering,

Sussex.

14. a-li. of a series of valves from the Pleistocene at Clacton,

Essex.

15. a-f. from the Cromerian (peat) at West Runton,

Norfolk.

*#* Th») scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XVIII.

'*'

PLATE XIX.
PISIDICM XITIDUAT, Jcnyns.

1. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Swinton, Lancashire. (T. Rogers

coll.)
"2. of a pair from Truro. Cornwall. (0. Boettger.)

3. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire.

4. «, I. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Ten by, Pembrokeshire.

5. a, 1. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal.

6. rt, b. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (T. Rogers coll.)

7. a, b. — of a pair from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London.

8. External right aspect of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hampshire. (" Var.

lateral-is")

9. of a pair from Louth, Lincolnshire.

10. of a pair from Church Close, Mortehoe. Devon.

11. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal.

12. a, b. of two pairs from Deutschbrod, Bohemia.

13. of a pair from Teuby, Pembrokeshire.

14. of a pair from Gt. Gaddesden, Hertfordshire.

15. a, b. of two pairs from Lochmabcn, Dumfriesshire.

1 6. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

17. a, b. Internal aspect of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. (T. Rogers coll.)

18. a, b. . of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants. (" Var. lateralis")

19. a, b. of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire.

20. a-d. — of two pairs from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

21. «, b. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal.

22. rt-c. • of a pair and a left valve from Church Close, Mortehoe, Devon.

23. a-d. — of two pairs from Deutschbrod, Bohemia.

24. a, b. of a pair from Truro, Cornwall. (0. Boettger.)

25. a, b. of a pair from Louth, Lincolnshire.

26. a-d. of four valves from the Holocene in Surrey, near Staines.

26*. o, b. of two valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London.

27. of a right valve from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks.

28. a, b. — of two valves from the Holocene at Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire.

29. «, b. of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire.

JK). a-(j. External o,spect of a series of valves showing variation, from the
Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

31. a, b. • of two valves from the Holocene at Clifton Hampden, Oxfordshire.

32. of a right valve from the Holocene at Newbury, Berks.

33. a, b. of two valves from the Holocene in Surrey, near Staines.

34. a-f. Internal aspect of a scries of valves from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe,

Kent.

35. «, b. of two valves from the Pleistocene at West Wittering, Sussex.

36. a-d. of four valves from theCromerian (peat) at West Eunton, Norfolk.

37. ((, b. of a pair from Gt. Gaddesden, Hertfordshire.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XIX.

PLATE XX.

PlSlDIUM PKKSOSATUM, Malm.

1. External right aspect of a pair from Fitton Hall, Oldham, Lancashire.

2. — of a pair from Bassenthwaite, Cumberland.

3. a-cl. — of four pairs from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal.

4. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Barnes Common, Surrey.

5. ft, b. — of a pair from Lancaster. (" P. nitidum var. splendens")

6. a, b. of a pair from Fair Head, Co. Antrim.

7. 0, b. of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex.

8. a, b. of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia.

9. a-l\ External aspect of a series of valves from the Holocene of the Kennet

Valley, Berkshire.
10. External right aspect of a pair from Barnes Common, Surrey.

12. of a pair from Meigle Moss, Selkirk.

13. of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants.

14. of a pair from Borough Pond, Mortehoe, Devon.

15. External aspect of four valves from the Post-tertiary deposit at Copford,

Essex.

16. External right aspect of a pair from Lancaster. (" P. nitidum, var.

splendens")

17. — of a pair from Fair Head, Co. Antrim.
] 8. of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex.

19. — of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia.

20. a-j. Internal aspect of a series of pairs from Bishopthorpe, York.
20*. a, b. of a pair from Bassenthwaite, Cumberland.

21. a, b. — of a pair from Borough Pond, Mortehoe, Devon.

22. a, b. — of a pair from Meigle Moss, Selkirk.

23. a, b. External aspect of two valves from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

24. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

25. a, b. Internal aspect of a pair from Lancaster. (" P. nitidum, var. splendens.")

26. a-j. of a series of valves showing variation, from the Holocene of the

Kennet Yalley, Berks.
26*. or, fc. of two valves from the Post-tertiary deposit at Copford, Essex.

27. a, o. of a pair from Menstrup, Sealand.

28. a, b. of a pair from Fitton Hall, Oldham, Lancashire.

29. a, b. of a pair from Hoe Moor, Hants.

30. a-d. of four valves from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

[rt is abnormal.]

31. rt, b. of a pair from Colchester (?), Essex.

32. or, b. • of a pair from Barnes Common, Surrey.

33. «, b. of a pair from Lough Fern, Co. Donegal.

34. c, b. of a pair from Fair Head, Co. Antrim.

35. «, b. of a pair from Ziegenhals, Silesia.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figure?,
shows the amotmt of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XX.

PLATE XXI.

PISIDIUM PUSILLUM, (Gmelin) Jenyns.

1 . a-e. External aspect of a series of pairs from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

2. of a pair from the Botanical Gardens, Naples.

3. — of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire.

4. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

5. rt, b. of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim.

0. «, b. of a pair from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim.

7. «, b. — of a pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry.

8. a, b. of a pair from Comber, Co. Down.

9. a, b. — of a pair from the Holocene at Magheragera, Co. Fermanagh.

10. a-c. External aspect of three right valves from the Holocene at Westbury-

on-Severn, Gloucestershire.

11. a-f. right aspect of a series of six pairs from Woodburn Dam, Co. Ant rim.

12. a-d. — of a series of four pairs from the Holocene of the Lea Valley,

London.

13. — of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire.

14. of a pair from Comber, Co. Down.

15. — of a pair from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry.

16. — of a pair from the lliver Po, Italy.

17. ci-7i. External aspect of a series of valves showing variation, from the Pleisto-

cene at Swanscombe, Kent.

18. «, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Magheragera, Co. Fermanagh.

19. of a pair from llhosueigr, Anglesey.

20. — of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim.

21. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

22. a-d. Internal aspect of four valves from the Holocene at Ncwbury, Berks.

23. a-e. — of five valves from the Holocene at West bury -on-Severn, Gloucester-

shire.

24. «--/. of five pairs from Woodburn Dam, Co. Antrim.

25. a-k. — of a series of pairs from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

26. a, b. of a pair from Ealing, Middlesex.

27. a-d. of four valves from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Chcrtsey

Mead, Surrey.

28. a-f/. of a series of valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London.

29. a-d. of two pairs from the Botanical Gardens at Xaples.

30. a, b. of a pair from Kilcorrig, Lisburn, Co. Antrim.

31. rt-7/. of four pairs from Magheragera, Co. Fermanagh.

32. a-f/. of a series of valves from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent.

33. a, b. of a pair from Tenby, Pembrokeshire.

34. «, b. — of a pair from the River Po, Italy.

35. a, b. — of an abnormal pnir from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry.

36. a, b. — of a pair from Willenhall, Staffordshire.

37. o, b. — • of two valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West Runton, Norfolk.

38. r/, b. of a pair from Comber, Co. Down.

39. o, b. of a pair from Walworth AVood, Co. Londonderry.

40. «, b. — of a pair from Sutton Coldfield Park, Warwickshire.

41. a, b. of two valves from the Pleistocene at West Wittering, Sussex.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXI.

PLATE XXII.

PlSIDIUM SUBTRUNCATUM, Malm.

1. «-/. Internal aspect of three pairs showing variation, from

the Six-mile-water, Antrim.

2. a, b. of a pair from the Avon at Salisbury, Wiltshire.

3. a, b. of a pair from Drum Bridge, Lagan, Co. Antrim.

4. a, b. of a pair from Catford, Kent.

5. a-y. of three pairs and a left valve from Ranmore

Common, Surrey.
0. a, b. of a pair from Rhosneigr0 Anglesey.

7. a, b. of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

8. a, b. • of a pair from Lochtnaben, Dumfriesshire.

9. a, b. — . — of two valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley,

London.

10. a, b. of four valves from the Pleistocene at West Wit-

tering, Sussex.

11. of a right valve from the Holocene of the Lea

Valley, London.

12. of a left valve from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe,

Kent,

13. a-c, of three valves from the Holocene at Ncwbury,

Berks.

14. a, b. of two valves from the rejectamenta of the Thames

at Chertsey Mead, Surrey.

15. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

16. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the Red Bridge

Pond, Hampstead Heath, London.

17. of a pair from the Six-mile-water, Antrim.

18. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from the Red Bridge

Pond, Hampstead Heath, London.
' ' a' ' L of three pairs from Six-mile-water, Antrim.

21. a-h. External aspect of a series of four pairs from Raumore

Common, Surrey.

22. a, b. of a pair from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

23. External right aspect of a pair from the Avon at Salis-

bury, Wiltshire.

24. of a pair from Catford, Kent.

25. of a pair from PJiosneigr, Anglese}*.

26. of a pair from Gloucester.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXII.

PLATE XXIII.

PISIDIUM PULCHELLUM, Jenyns.

1. ff, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Comber, Co. Down.

3. of a pair from Aldenham, Hertfordshire.

4. of a pair from Denham, Buckinghamshire.

5. of a pair from Harefield, Middlesex.

6. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the same locality.

7. a? £,. of a pair from' Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

8. a, 6. of a pair from Walworth, Co. Londonderry.

9. «, b. External right aspect of two pairs from the same locality.

10. of a valve from the Holocene of the Lea Valley, London.

10*. of a valve from the Holocene in Berkshire, near Staines.

11. a-d. — of a series of pairs from Bracebridge, Warwickshire.

12. a-c/. Internal aspect of another series from the same locality,

13. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge,

13*. External right aspect of a valve from the Pleistocene at West Wittering,

Sussex.

14. a-f. Internal aspect of a series of valves from the Holocene of the Lea Valley,

London.

15. «, b. — of a pair from Comber, Co. Down.

16. a, b. of a pair from Walworth, Co. Londonderry,

17. a, b. — of two valves from the Holocene in Surrey, near Staines,

19. a, b. of a pair from the Coin, West Drayton, Middlesex.

20. a, b. of a pair from Denham, Buckinghamshire.

PISIDIUM WLLJ^soRGfi, Clessin.

2. External right aspect of a pair from Silverdale, I#ai}cashire,

18. a, b. Internal aspect of another pair from the same locality.

[These figures are placed here for comparison with those of the
foregoing species for which P. lilljeborr/ii has sometimes been mistaken.]

PISIDIUM HEMSLOWANUM, Sheppard.

21. External right aspect of a pair from the Avon at Salisbury, Wiltshire.

22. a-c. External aspect of three pairs from the Wendover Canal, Buckingham-

shire.

23. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Sutton Coldfteld, Warwickshire.

24. of a pair from Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire.

28. a, b. External aspect of two very young valves from the Holocene at Blyth-
burgh, Suffolk, to show the position at this age of the
appcndiculae, (Of. also 29 c & d.)

^P, a, d. \ Posterior and dorsal views of apposed valves from the Pleistocene at

^' b, c. J Crayford-Erith, Kent.

27. a, b. — of a pair from the Red Bridge Pond, Hampstcad Heath, London.

27. c. External right aspect of another pair from the same locality.

28. a. b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Baguley, Cheshire.

29. a-t. External aspect of a series of valves of all ages showing variation, from

the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

[s & t are examples of the fractured and repaired valves which are
not uncommon in the deposit.]

30. Or-j. of a series from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kert,

31 . a-k. of a similar series from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

*£* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
.-hows the amount of iimsrnificatiou.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus,

pi. xxm.

27 28

*^^
a

PLATE XXIV.

PISIDITJM HENSLOWANUM, Sheppard.

1. a-f. Internal aspect of a series of valves from the Holocene at

Blythburgh, Suffolk.

2. a-l-. of a series of valves of different ages to show

variation, from the rejectamenta of the Thames
at Chertsey Mead, Surrey.

3. a, b. — of a pair from the Wendover Canal, Buckingham-

shire.

4. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

5. a, b. Internal aspect of a large pair from Lyngby-Bagsvor So,

Sealand.

6. a, 6. of a pair from Button Coldfield, Warwickshire.

7. «, b. — — of a pair from the lied Bridge Pond, Hampstead

Heath, London.

8. a- h. "I — — of a series of valves of all ages showing variation,

9. a-i. J from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

10. a, b. of two valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West

Piunton, Norfolk.

11. a-j. of a series of valves of different ages showing

variation, from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex

12. a-j. — from the Pleistocene at Swanscombe, Kent,

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magniiicatiou.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXIV.

a

PLATE XXV.
PISIDIUM supiNuir, A. Schmidt.

1. a, b. } Posterior and dorsal view of two pairs from the Thames

2. a, b. J at Twickenham, Middlesex.

3. a, b. of a pair from Ilickmansworth, Hertfordshire.

4. a, b.\ of apposed valves from the Pleistocene at Grays,

5. a, 6. / Essex.

6. a, b. of a pair from the same formation and locality.

7. a, b. of apposed valves from the Pleistocene at Crayford-

Erith, Kent.

8. a-h. External aspect of a series of all ages showing variation,

from the Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

9. a-n. from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith, Kent.

10. a, b. External right aspect of two pairs from Marsworth,

Buckingh amshire.

11. of a very triangular pair from Ilickmansworth,

Hertfordshire.

12. rt-c. of three pairs of different ages from the Thames

at Twickenham, Middlesex.

14. a-f. External aspect of a series of valves of the triangular

form from the Cromerian (gravel) at West Itunton,
Norfolk.

15. a-h."} External aspect of a series showing variation, of the

> rounded-triangular form from the Pleistocene at

16. a-fc.J Grays, Essex.

17. a-h. 1 of the elongate-triangular form from the same

18. a-g. J deposits.

PISIDIUM HENSLOWANTTM, Sheppatd.

13. a-n. External aspect of a series of valves of all ages from the

Pleistocene at Grays, Essex, for comparison with the
closely similar form of P. supinum shown at 17 & 18.

V* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pifiidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXV.

* *,
«' »

9<* *x

a o

*.*<

« «! t

/*

f y

PLATE XX VI.

SUPJXUM, A. Schmidt.

1. a, b. Internal aspect of a very triangular pair from Eickmans-

worth, Hertfordshire.

2. a-j. of a series of valves of all ages snowing variation,

from the rejectamenta of the Thames at Chertsey
Mead, Surrey.

3. «-/. ) from the Pleistocene at Crayford-Erith,

4. a-7t. i Kent.

5. a-d. of two pairs from Marsworth, Buckinghamshire.

6. a, b. of a pair from the Thames at Hampton Wick,

Middlesex.

7. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

8. a-d. Internal aspect of two pairs from the Thames at

Twickenham, Middlesex.

9. a-d. of four valves from the Cromerian (peat) at West

Runton, Norfolk.

10. a-/. of six valves from the Cromerian (gravel) at the

same locality.

11. a-b. of a pair from Budworth Mere, Cheshire.

12. a-j. of a series of valves showing variation, from the

Pleistocene at Clacton, Essex.

PISIDIUM HEXSLOWANTJM, Sheppard.

13. a-n. Internal aspect of a series of the thickened form from

the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex, for comparison with
the similar series of P. supinum, shown at 4 and on
PI. XXVII, 1 & 2.

*»* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXVI.

PLATE XXVII.

PISIDITTM SUPIKTJM, A. Schmidt.

1 . a-q. 1 Internal aspect of a series of valves of all ages showing

2. a-x. / variation, from the Pleistocene at Grays, Essex.

PJSIDIUM PAKVTTLTJM, Clessin.

3. a-b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair ^ .,

„ . from Forsoen,

4. External right view ol a pair

5. a-b. Internal aspect of a pair

6. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

Denmark.

PISIDITJM VINCENTIATSTJM, B. B. "Woodward, n. sp.

7. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

8. a-b. Posterior and dorsal aspect of apposed 1 from the

valves

Campinien

9. a-/. External aspect of a series of valves }• (Pleistocene)

" \ Internal aspect of a series of valves
11. a, b. ) ) Belgium.

*#* The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXVII.

o,

10x-^ /H

PLATE XXVIII.

PlSIDIUAI STBENBUCHII (Mollel).

2. External right aspect of a pair from Abbey Holme,

Cumberland.

- of a pair from Bjerkiiig, M&lselvdalen, Norway.
("P. ylobulare, Clessin.")

4. Internal aspect of a left valve from Abbey Holme,

Cumberland.

5. External right aspect of a pair from Grisel Bottom,

Burwell Wood, Lincolnshire.

6. of a pair from West Greenland.

7. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the same locality.

8. a, b. of a pair from Grisel Bottom, Burwell Wood,

Lincolnshire.

10. «, b. Internal aspect of a pair from West Greenland.

11. a, b. of a pair from Grisel Bottom, Burwell Wood,

Lincolnshire.

14. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

15. a, b. Internal aspect of a pair from Bjerking, Malselvdalen,

Norway. (" P. ylobulare, Clessin.")

16. a, b. of a pair from Finmarken, Norway. ("7\ ylobu-

lare, Clessin.")

PlSIDITTM LILLJEBOKGII, Clessin.

1. a~c. External right aspect of three pairs from Lochan a' Chait,
Perthshire.

9. a, 6. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from the same

locality.

.jo' ' 7 '[ Internal aspect of two pairs from the same locality.

17. a-c. External right aspect of three pairs from Sonset, Norway.

(Clessin.)

18. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Lough Aguse,

Co. Fermanagh.

19. a, b. of a pair from Sonset, Norway. (Clessin.)

20. a-d. External aspect of four valves from the Holocene at

Gayfield, Edinburgh.

21. a-d. of four valves from the Pleistocene at Crayford-

Erith, Kent,

22. a-j. Internal aspect of five pairs showing variation, from

Sonset, Norway, (Clessin.)

23. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

24. a-d. Internal aspect of four valves from the Holocene at

Gayfield, Edinburgh.

25. a-f. of three pairs from Lough Aguse, Co. Fermanagh.

26. a-f. of six valves from the Pleistocene at Crayford-

Erith, Kent.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
the amount of magnification,

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXVIII.

. •,.

PLATE XXIX.

PISIDITJM niBEKNiccrM, Wcsterhmd.

1. External right aspect of a pair

2. a. b. } T , • from

' , ]• Internal aspect of two pairs T ,

3. a, b. J , Lough

4. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge i Namaddra,

5. a, b. Anterior and dorsal view of a pair | Co. Cork.

6. External right aspect of a pair )

PISIDIUM MILIUM, Held.

7. a-j. Internal aspect of five pairs of different ages, from

Totteridge, Hertfordshire.

8. a, b. Posterior and dorsal view of a pair from Comber,

Co. Down.

9. rt, b. of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire.

10. a, b. of apposed valves from the Holocene at Gayfield,

Edinburgh.

11. a, b. of a pair from Ashridge, Hertfordshire,

12. a, b. Internal aspect of a pair from Blythburgh, Suffolk.

13. a, b. of a pair from llhosneigr, Anglesey.

14. rt, b. — of a pair from Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire.

15. a, b. — of a pair from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

16. a, b. of a pair of valves from the Holoceno at Newbury,

Berkshire,

17. (i, b. of a pair of valves from the Holocene at Shand

Street, Tooley Street, London.

18. «, 6. of a pair of valves from the Pleistocene at Swans-

combe, Kent.

19. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge,

20. a-e. External right aspect of five pairs of different ages,

from Totteridge, Hertfordshire.

21. of a pair from Blythburgh, Suffolk.

22. — =- of a pair from llhosneigr, Anglesey.

23. -^— - of a pair from Comber, Co. Down.

24. of a pair from Ashridge, Hertfordshire.

25. -— — of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire.

26. — of a pair from Castle Rising, Norfolk.

27. of a pair from Baguley Pit, Cheshire.

28. a, b. External aspect of two valves from the Holocene at

Shand Street, Tooley Street, London.

29. ft, b. of two valves from the Holocene at Newbury,

Berkshire.

30. a-f — — of six valves from the Holocene at Gayfield,

Edinburgh.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount oi magnification.

Cat, Pisidium Brit. Mus,

PI. XXIX.

PLATE XXX.

PISIDITTM OBTUSALE, (Lamarck) Jenyns.

1. a-h. External right aspect of a series of pairs of different

ages showing variation, from Birch, Essex.

2. a, b. 1 Posterior and dorsal view of two pairs from the same

3. a, b. J locality.

4. a, 6. — — of a pair from Guildford, Surrey.

5. a, b. of a pair from Swinton, Lancashire. ("P.nitidum,

var. ylobosa, Jeffr." : T. llogers coll.)

6. a, b. of a pair from OvergUde, Mdlselvdalen, Norway.

(" P. scholtzi, Clessin.")

7. a, b. Exterior and 'interior right view of an abnormal pair

from Walworth Wood, Co. Londonderry.

8. a-c. External right aspect of three pairs showing variation in

form, from Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.
0. a, b. right and left aspect of a pair from Llandaff,

Glamorganshire.

10. External right aspect of a pair from Guildford, Surrey.

1J.. Diagrammatic enlargement of the Hinge.

J2, a, b. Internal aspect of a pair from Guildford, Surrey.

1.3. «, b. of a pair from Llandaff, Glamorgan.

1.4. rt, b. of a pair from Iteydon Marsh, Suffolk.

15. a, b. — of a pair from Lytham, Lancashire.

16. o-o. of a series of different ages showing variation, from

Birch, Essex.

17. a, b. of a pair from Ovcrgade, Malselvdalen, Norway.

(" P. scholtzi, Clessin.")

18. a, b. of a pair from Lochmabeu, Dumfriesshire.

19. of a right valve from Swinton, Lancashire.

("P. niliclum, vaT.globosa, Jeffr." : T. Rogers coll.)

20. «, b. of a pair from Criccieth, Carnarvonshire.

*** The scale in millimetres under each figure, or series of figures,
shows the amount of magnification.

Cat. Pisidium Brit. Mus.

PI. XXX.

B.M. CN.
.No. Sil.

LIST OF THE CURRENT

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS

OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE

BRITISH MUSEUM,

The following publications can be purchased through the
Agency of Messrs. LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., 39, Pater-
noster Bow, London, E.G.; Mr. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton
Street, New Bond Street, W. ; and Messrs. DULAU & Co.,
Ltd., 37, Soho Square, W. ; or at the NATURAL HISTORY
MUSEUM, Cromwell Road, London, S.W.

The History of the Collections contained in the Natural
History Departments of the British Museum : —

Vol. I. Libraries ; Botany ; Geology ; Minerals.
Pp. xvii., 442. 1904, 8vo. 15s.

Vol. II. Separate historical accounts of the several
collections included in the Department of Zoology.
Pp. 782. 1906, 8vo. II. 10s.

Vol. II. — Appendix. General History of the Depart-
ment of Zoology from 1856 to 1895. By Dr. Albert
Giinther, F.R.S., formerly Keeper of the Department
of Zoology. Pp. ix., 109. With Index.] 1912,
8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Books, Manuscripts, Maps, and Drawings
in the British Museum (Natural History). Compiled by
B. B. "Woodward, Assistant in charge of the General Library,
with some clerical assistance : —

Vol. I. A— D. Pp. viii., 500. 1903, 4to. II.
Vol. II. E— K. Pp. 501-1038. 1904, 4to. II.
Vol. III. L— 0. Pp. 1039-1494. 1910, 4to. 11.

Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals,
Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. 2nd
edition. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an
account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo.
2s. 3d.

(28209r— 29.) Wt. 37771—57. 1500. 1/13. D & S. (&) A

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-
Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," 1881-2.
Pp. xxv., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo. 11. 10s.

Summary of the Voyage ......... By Dr. R. W. Coppinger.

Mammalia ............... , 0. Thomas.

Aves .................. R. B. Sharpe.

Reptilia, Batrachia, Pieces ...... A. Giinther.

Mollusca ...... , ........ E. A. Smith.

Echinodermata ..... , ... ... F. J. Bell.

Crustacea ............... E. J. Miers.

Coleoptera ............ ... C. 0. Waterhouse.

Lepidoptera ... ,, ....... A. G. Butler.

Alcyonaria and Spongiida ... ... , S.O.Ridley.

Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the
Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the " Southern
Cross." Pp. ix., 344. 53 Plates. 1902, Royal 8vo. 21.

Mammalia ......... By Capt. G. E. H. Barrett-Hamilton.

Notes on Antarctic Seals

Extracts from the " Diary " )

of the late Nicolai Hanson. J

Aves

Pisces

Tunicata ... ,

Mollusca ... ... ,

Echinoderma ... ... ,

Insecta

Arachnida .

Crustacea

Polychaeta .

Gephyrea

Nematoda .

Cestoda

Polyzoa

Porifera

Anthozoa

Actinias

Hydrozoa

Cryptogamia

Rock Specimens

E. A. Wilson, M.B.

Dr. R. Bowdler Sharpe.

G. A. Boulenger, F.R.S.

Prof. W. A. Herdman, F.R.S.

E. A. Smith.

Prof. F. J. Bell.

G. H. Carpenter and Hon. N. C.

Rothschild.
Dr. E. L. Trouessart,
T. V. Hodgson.
Dr. A. Willey.
A. E. Shipley.

Dr. von Linstow.

R. Kirkpatrick.

Dr. L. Roule and S. J. Hickson,

F.R.S.
J. A. Clubb.
E. T. Browne.
A. Gepp, V. H. Blackman, and

Miss E. S. Barton.
Dr. G. T. Prior.

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904. [Discovery
Report.'] Natural History : —

Vol.1. Geology (Field-Geology: Petrography). Pp. xii.,
160 : 10 plates, 72 text-figures, 2 maps. [With Index.]
1907, 4to. II. 10s.

Field-Geology
Rock-Specimens

... By H. T. Ferrar, M.A., F.G.S.
... „ G. T. Prior, M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S.

Vol. II. Zoology (Vertebrata : Mollusca : Crustacea).
Pp. xiv., 355 : 33 ulates (17 coloured), 146 text-figures,
Imap. 1907, 4to/ 3Z.

Mammalia (pp. 69 : 5 pis. [3 col.], )

36 figs.) \ By E. A. Wilson, M.B.

Aves (pp. 121 : 13 pis. col., 46 figs.) ... )

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued.

Vol. II — continued.

Anatomy of Penguins (pp. 28 : 1 pi., By W. P. Pycraft.
8 figs.)

Fishes (pp. 5 ; 2 pis.) „

Cephalodiscus (pp.67: 7 pis. [1 col.], „

17 figs.)
Mollusca. I. — Cephalopoda (pp. 2 : .,

1 fig.)

„ IL— Gastropoda ((pp.12, 1:1
„ III.— Amphineura | 2 pis.) f "
,, IV. — Nudibranchiata (pp. 28 : .,

1 pi., 30 figs.)
V. — Lamellibranchiata (pp. 7 : )

Ipl.)

Brachiopoda (pp. 2 : 4 figs.) I

Crustacea I. — Decapoda (pp. 7)

„ II. — Cumacea (pp. 6 : 1 pi.,

4 figs.)

G-. A. Boulenger. F.R.S.
W. G. Ridewood, D.Sc.

W, E Hoyle, D.Sc.

E. A. Smith, I.S.O.

Sir Charles Eliot,
K.C.M.G., LL.D.

E. A. Smith, I.S.O.
W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.

Vol. III. Zoology and Botany (Invertebrata : Marine
Algae, Musci). Pp. vi., 273: 51 plates, 8 text-figures,
and 1 chart. 1907, 4to. 21. 10s.

On Collecting in Antarctic Seas (pp.10) By T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S.

Mollusca. VI. — Pteropoda (pp. 15 :

2 pis.)
Crustacea. III. — Amphipoda (pp. 39 :

13 pis.)
„ IV. — Leptostraca (pp. 2 :

2 figs.)
„ V. — Ostracoda (pp. 9 : 3 pis.)

„ VI. — Cirripedia (pp. 4 : 1 pi.)
Pycnogonida (pp. 72 : 10 pis.) .
Acari (pp. 6 : 1 pi.)
Chaetognatha (pp. 6 : 1 chart) .
Nematoda (pp. 4 : 1 pi.)
Cestoda (pp. 6 : 1 pi.) ...
Coelentera. I. — Alcyonaria (pp. 15 :
2 pis.)

„ II. — Hydroid Zoophytes

(pp. 34 : 4 pis.)

„ III. — Tentacles of a Siphono-

phore(pp. 3 : 5 figs.)

Porifera. I. — Hexactinellida (pp. 25 :

7 pis.)

Marine Algae. I. — Phaaophycese and
Florideae (pp. 15 :
4 pis.)
., „ II. — CorallinaceEe (pp. 2 :

Ing.)
Musci (pp. 6 ; 2 pis.)

Sir Charles Eliot,

K.C.M.G., LL.D.
A. 0. Walker, F.L.S.

Dr. J. Thiele.

Prof. G. S. Brady,

F.R.S.

Prof. A. Gruvel.
T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S.
Dr. E. L. Trouessart.
Dr. G.H. Fowler, F.L.S.
Dr. 0. von Linstow.
A. E. Shipley, F.R.S.
Prof. S. J. Hickson,

F.R.S.
Prof. S. J. Hickson,

F.R.S., and F. H.

Gravely.
Dr. J. Rennie.

R. Kirkpatrick.

A. Gepp and Mrs. E. S,
Gepp.

M. Foslie.
J. Cardot.

Vol. IV. Zoology (various Invertebrata). Pp. iv., 281 :
65 plates, 1 text-figure. 1908, 4to. 11. 15s.

Mollusca. VII. — Solenogastres (pp. 13 : By Dr. H. F. Nierstrasz.
2 pis.)

LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OP THE

National Antarctic Expedition, 1901-1904 — continued,.
Vol. IV — continued,

Insecta. — Aptera (pp. 5 : 1 pi.)

Crustacea. VII. — Schizopoda (pp. 42

8 pis.)

„ VIII. — Copepoda (pp. 44
7 pis.)

Echinoderma (pp. 16 : 5 pis.) ,

Echinoderm Larvae (pp. 9 : 1 pi.)

Myzostomidje (pp. 26 : 1 pi. and 1 figure)

Sipunculoidea (pp. 6)

Coelentera. IV. — Actinias (pp. 12 : 3 pis.)
Porifera. II. — Tetraxonida (pp. 56 :

19 pis.)
„ III.— Calcarea (pp. 52 : 12 pis.)

By G. H. Carpenter, B.Sc.

M.R.I.A.
„ W. M. Tattersall, M.Sc.

„ R. Norris Wolfenden.

M.D.

By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A.
„ E. W. McBride, M.A.,

F.R.S., and J. C.

Simpson, B.Sc.
„ Dr. Rudolf Ritter von

Stummer-Traunfels.
„ W. F. Lanchester, M.A.
„ J. A. Clubb, M.Sc.
„ R. Kirkpatrick.

„ C. F. Jenkin, B.A.

Vol. V. Zoology and Botany. Pp. ix., 212 : 28 plates, and
19 text-figures. [With a Summary of the Contents of
Vols. II.- V.] 1910, 4to. 11. 10s.

Vertebrata. IA. — Mammalia (Seal-Em-
bryos) (pp. 21:2 pis., 1 text-figure)
Tunicata (pp. 26 : 7 pis., 2 text-figures)

Crustacea. IX. — Isopoda (pp. 77 : 10 pis)
Nemertinea (pp. 15 : 1 pi., 16 text-
figures)

Coelentera. V. — Medusas (pp. 62 : 7 pis.)
Lichenes (pp. 11 : 1 pi.)

By Dr. H. W. Marett

Tims.
„ Prof. W. A. Herdman,

D.Sc., F.R.S.

„ T. V. Hodgson, F.L.S.
„ Prof. L. Joubin.

„ Edward T. Browne.
., Dr. 0. V. Darbishire.

Vol. VI. Zoology and Botany. Pp. xvi., 101 : 8 plates,
1 key-plate, and 1 text-figure. [With Synopsis of
Contents of the several volumes of Memoirs, Classified
Summary of the Contents of Vols. I.-VI., Subject
Index, and Index of Authors.] 1912, 4to. 16s.

Echinoderma. III. — On a collection of By Prof. E. W. MacBride,

young Holothurioids (pp. 9 : 2 pis.,

and key to pi. 1.)

Polycheeta (pp. 32 : 3 pis.)

Freshwater Algae (pp. 60 : 3 pis., 1

text-figure)

D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.

„ Prof. E. Ehlers.

„ Dr. F..E. Fritsch, F.L.S»

A Monograph of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) : Physical
Features and Geology by C. W. Andrews, B.A., B.Sc.,
F.G.S., with descriptions of the Fauna and Flora by
numerous contributors. Pp. xv.,337: 22 plates (7 coloured),
a map, and 27 illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1900,
8vo. U.

First Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald,
M.A., &c. [With an Introduction, containing a Classifica-
tion of Animals from the point of view of Economic

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5

Zoology, by Prof. E. Ray Lankester, LL.D., F.R.S.]
Pp. xxxiv., 192. 18 Woodcuts. 1903, Roy. Svo. 6s.

Second Report on Economic Zoology. By Fred. V. Theobald,
M.A., &c. Pp. x., 197. 29 Illustrations. 1904, Roy. 8vo.
6s.

MAMMALS.

Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296,
1862, Svo. 5s.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E.
Gray, F.R.iS., &c. Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodcuts. 1870,
Svo. 4.9.

Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the Collection of the British
Museum. Second Edition. By Knud Andersen. Vol. I.
Megachiroptera. Pp. ci., 854 : 85 text-figures. [With
Table of Contents, Introduction, and Index.] 1912, Svo.
21, 10s.

Catalogue of Carnivorous Pachydermatous, and Edentate
Mammalia in the British Museum. By John Edward
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869,
Svo. 6s. 6rf.

Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By
John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd Edition. Pp. viL,
402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866, Svo. 8s.

• Supplement. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c.

Pp. vi., 103. 11 Woodcuts. 1871, Svo. 2s. 6d.

Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnaeus) in the
British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c.
Pp. viii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, Svo. 3s. Gd.

Monograph of the Okapi. By Sir E. Ray Lankester, K.C.B.,
M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., &c. Atlas. Compiled with the
assistance of W. G. Ridewood, D.Sc. 48 Plates, with
xxii. pp. of Explanations, &c. 1910, 4to. \l. 5s.

Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas.
Pp. xiii., 401. 4 Coloured and 24 plain Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888,
8vo. II. 8s.

Catalogue of the Mammals of Western Europe (Europe
exclusive of Russia) in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Gerrit S. Miller. Pp. xv., 1019. 213 Text-
figures. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1912, Svo. II. 6s.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

BIRDS.

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum : —

Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Cichlomorphce : Part IV., containing the con-
cluding portion of the family Timeliidae (Babbling
Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi.,
698. "Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo.
II. 6s.

Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes. or Perching
Birds. Cichlomorphce : Part V., containing the
families Paridae and Laniidaa (Titmice and Shrikes) ;
and Certhiomorphce (Creepers and Nuthatches). By
Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Wood-
cuts and 9 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1883, 8vo. 17s.

Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Fringilliformes : Part I., containing the
families Dieseidae, Hirundinidae, Ampelidae, Mniotil-
tidse, and Motacillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885,
8vo. ll.2s.

Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Fringilliformes : Part II., containing the
families Ccerebidae, Tanagridae, and Icteridae. By
Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii.,
431. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1886, 8vo.

u

Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Fringilliformes : Part III., containing the
family Fringillidae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv.,
871. Woodcuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, Svo.
II. 8s.

Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Sturniformes, containing the families Arta-
midse, Sturnidae, Ploceidae, and Alaudidae. Also the
families Atrichiidae and Menuridae. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15 coloured

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1890, 8vo. 11. 8s.

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Oligomyodce, or the families Tyrannidse,
Oxyrhamphidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Phytotomidae,
Philepittidae, Pittidae, Xenicidae, and Eurylaemidae.
By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix.,494.
Woodcuts and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds. Tracheophonce, or the families Dendrocolap-
tidse, Formicariidae, Conopophagidae, and Pteropto-
chidae. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S.
Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890,
8vo. 11.

Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picariae. Upupce and
Trochili, by Osbert Salvin. Coracice, of the families
Cypselidae, Caprimulgida?, Podargidas, and Steatorni-
thidae, by Ernst Hartert. Pp. xvi., 703. Woodcuts
and 14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11. 16s.

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picariae. Coracice (contin.)
and Haley ones, with the families Leptosomatidae,
Coraciidae, Meropidae, Alcedinidae, Momotidse, Totidae
and Coliidae, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and
Trogones, by W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522.
Woodcuts and 17 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11. 10s.

Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picariae. Scansores*
containing the family Picidae. By Edward Hargitt.
Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890r
8vo. 11. 6s.

Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariae. Scansores and
Coccyges : containing the families Rhamphastidae,
Galbulidae, and Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater ; and
the families Indicatoridae, Capitonidae, Cuculidas, and
Musophagidae, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484 : 13
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1Z. 5s.

8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. By
T. Salvador!. Pp. xvii., 658. Woodcuts and 18
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. II. 10s.

Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons.
By T. Salvador!. Pp. xvii., 676. 15 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893,
8vo. II. 10s.

Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocleies,
Gallince, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii). By W. R.
Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi., 585. 8 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893,
8vo. 11. 6s.

Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicariae (Rallidse and
Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidse, Eurypy-
gidse, Mesitidae, Rhinochetidae, Gruidae, Psophiidae,
and Otididae). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 353.
9 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 11.

Vol. XXIV. Catalogue of the Limicolae. By R.
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xii., 794. Woodcuts and 7
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. 5s.

Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares.
Gaviae. (Terns, Gulls, and Skuas), by Howard
Saunders. Tubinares (Petrels and Albatrosses), by
Osbert Salvin. Pp. xv., 475. Woodcuts and 8
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. XXVI. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones,
Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes.
Platalese (Ibises and Spoonbills) and Herodiones
(Herons and Storks), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Ste-
ganopodes (Cormorants, Gannets, Frigate - birds,
Tropic-birds, and Pelicans), Pygopodes (Divers and
Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Impennes (Penguins), by
W. R. Ogilvie -Grant. Pp. xvii., 687. Woodcuts and
14 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1898, 8vo. 11. 5s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued,
Vol. XXVII. Catalogue of the Chenomorphae (Pala-
medeae, Phoenicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Ratitae.
By T. Salvador!. Pp. xv., 636. 19 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895,
8vo. 11. 12s.

A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nomen-
clator Avium turn Fossilium turn Viventium.] By R.
Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D. : —

Vol. IV. Pp. xii., 391. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1903, 8vo. 10s.

Vol. V. Pp. xx., 678. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1909, Svo. 11.

General Index to ... Volumes I.-V. Edited by
W. R. Ogilvie-Grant. Pp. v., 199. 1912, Svo. 10s.

Edition on large paper, printed on one

side only. Pp. v., 388. 1912, fol. 11.

List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the
British Museum. By George Robert Gray : — •

Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidae and Picidae.
Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12mo. Is. 6d.

Part IV. Columbse. Pp. 73. [With Index.] 1856,
12mo. Is. 9d.

Part V. Gallinas. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1867, 12mo. Is. Qd.

Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By
George Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1859, Svo. Is. 6d

Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British
Museum (Natural History) : —

Vol. I. Ratitae. Carinatae (Tinamiformes — Lariformes).
By Eugene W. Gates. Pp. xxiii., 252. 18 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1901, Svo. 11. 10s.

Vol. II. Carinatae (Charadriiformes — Strigiformes). By
Eugene W. Gates. Pp. xx., 400. 15 Coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1902.
Svo. 11. 10s.

28209 A 2

10 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Collection of Birds' Eggs in the British
Museum (Natural History) — continued.

Vol. III. Carinatae (Psittaciformes — Passeriformes)
By Eugene W. Gates and Capt. Savile G. Reid.
Pp. xxiii., 349. 10 Coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, Svo. 11. 5s.

Vol. IV. Carinataa (Passeriformes continued). By
Eugene W. Gates, assisted by Capt. Savile G. Reid.
Pp. xviii., 352. 14 Coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, Svo. 11. 10s.

Vol. V. Carinatae (Passeriformes completed"). By W.
R. Ogilvie-Grant. Pp. xxiii., 547. 22 Coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912,
Svo. 21. 7s. 6d.

REPTILES.

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Ampbisbaenians
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E.
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1S44, 12mo. Is.

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c.: —

Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-
baenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to.
3s. Qd.

Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873,
Svo. 4s.

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and
Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History).
New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311.
73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, Svo. 15s.

Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger : —

Vol. II. Iguanidae, Xenosaurida?, Zonuridae, Anguidae,
Anniellidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidaa,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 1L

Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum — continued.

Teiidae, Arnphisbaenidae. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.! 1885,
8vo. 11.

Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytro-
pidae, Dibamidae, Chaniaeleontidae. Pp. xii., 575. 40
Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical
Index to the three volumes.} 1887, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural
/ History). By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S., &c. : —

Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidae, Glaucoiiiidae,
Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltida?, Xenopeltidae, and Colu-
bridae aglyphae (part). Pp. xiii., 448 : 26 Woodcuts
and 28 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. '11. Is.

Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae
aglyphss. Pp. xi., 382 : 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894,
8vo. 17s. 6d.

Vol. III., containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and
Prbteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae.
Pp. xiv., 727 : 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3
volumes.] 1896,' 8vo. 11. 6s.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281.
[With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1858, 12mo. 4s.

BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160.
12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second
Edition. Vol. I. Catalogue of the Percif orm Fishes in the
British Museum. Vol. I. Containing the Centrarchidae
Percidae, and Serranidae (part). By George Albart
Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp.xix., 394. Woodcuts and 15 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphab3tical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo.
15s.

12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80.
4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

Catalogue of the Fresh-water Fishes of Africa in the
British Museum (Natural History). By G. A. Boulenger,
F.R.S. :—

Vol. I. Pp. xi., 373 : 270 text-figures. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, imp. 8vo.
II. 12s. 6d.

Vol. II. Pp. xii., 529: 382 text-figures. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 3911, imp.
8vo. 21. 5s.

MOLLUSCA .

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the
British Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D.,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo.-2s. 6d.

Catalogue of the Auriculidae, Proscrpinidae, and Truncatellidab
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. Is. 9d.

List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum.
By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. :—

Part II. Olividse. Pp. 41. 1865, 12ino. Is.

Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : —

Part I. Venerida?, Cyprinidae, Glauconomidae, and
Petricoladaa. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s.

Part IT. Petricoladae (concluded) ; Corbiculadae Pp.
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [Issued as " Catalogue
of the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk,
F.R.S. Pp. viii., 39. 38 plates. [With a Systematic
Index.] 1875, 8vo. 5s.

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in
the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1862, 8vo. 11. 5s.

ARACHNIDA.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, based upon
the Collection made by Eugene W. Gates and preserved in
the British Museum.* By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406.
[With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895,
8vo. 10s. Gd.

INSECTS.
Coleopterous Insects.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection oi
the British Museum : —

Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv.,
174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.

Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237.
6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycidae. By
Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1879, 8vo. 16s.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With
a Topographical Catalogue and an Alphabetical Index.]
1857, 8vo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topo-
graphical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

u

Catalogue of Halticidae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S.
Physapodes and (Edipodes. Part T. Pp. xii., 301.
Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 1860, Svo. 7s.

Catalogue of Hispidae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x.,
172. 9 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858,
8vo. 6s.

Hymenopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —

Part II. Apidae. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1854. 6s.

Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidse. Pp.206. 6 Plates.
1855. 6s.

Part IV. Sphegiclse, Larridse, and Crabronidae. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856.
6s.

PartV. Vespida?. Pp.147. 6 Plates. [ With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857. 6s.

Part VI. Formicidse. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858. 6s.

Part VII. Dorylidse and Thynnida?. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859. 2s.

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the
Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I.,
Tenthredinidae and Siricidae. By W. F. Kirby.
Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 11. 18s.

A Revision of the Ichneumonidae, based on the Collection in
the British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions
of new Genera and Species. By Claude Morley, F.Z.S.,
F.E.S. Part I. Tribes Ophionides and Metopiides.
Pp. xi., 88 : 1 Coloured Plate. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, Svo. 4s.

Dipterous Insects.

A Monograph of the Culicidae, or Mosquitoes. Mainly com-
piled from the Collections received at the British Museum
from various parts of the world in connection with the

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15

Investigation into the cause of Malaria conducted by the
Colonial Office and the Royal Society. By Fred. Y.
Theobald, M.A., &c. :—

Vol. III. Pp. xvii., 359 : 17 plates, 1 diagram, and 193
illustrations in text. 1903, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. IV. Pp. xix., 639 : 16 plates and 297 text-figures.
[With Index.] 1907, Svo. 11. 12s. 6rf.

Vol. V. Pp. xv., 646 : 6 plates and 261 text-figures.
[With Index.] 1910, 8vo. 11. 5s.

Handbook of the Tsetse-Flies [Genus Glossina]. By Ernest
Edward Austen. With 10 coloured plates and 24 text-
figures, by A. J. Engel Terzi, and 1 map. Pp. x., 110.
[With Index.] 1911, roy. Svo. 5s. 6d.

Illustrations of African Blood-sucking Flies other than
Mosquitoes and Tsetse-Flies. By Ernest Edward Austen,
with coloured figures by Grace Edwards. Pp. xv., 221 :
13 coloured plates, 3 text-figures. 1909, roy. Svo.
11 Is. 6rf.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaense in the British
Museum. By Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. : —

Vol. I. Catalogue of the Syntomida?. Pp. xxi., 559 :
285 woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1898, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 17 Coloured Plates, Svo. 15s.

Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiada? (Nolinae, Litho-
siana?). Pp. xx., 589 : 411 woodcuts. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1900, Svo. 18s.

Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (xviii.-xxxv.), Svo. 15s.

Vol. III. Catalogue of the Arctiada3 (Arctianae) and
Agaristidse. Pp. xix., 690 : 294 woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1901, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 19 Coloured Plates (xxxvi.-liv.), Svo. 16s.

Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Noctuidse [Agrotinae]. Pp.
xx., 689 : 125 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1903, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 23 Coloured Plates (Iv.-lxxvii.), Svo. 16s.

Vol. V. Catalogue of the Noctuida? [Hadeninae]. Pp.
xvi., 634 : 172 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1905, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (Ixxviii.-xcv.), Svo. 15s.

16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue o£ Lepidoptera Phalaenae — continued.

Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Noctuidse [Cuculliauae]. Pp.
xiv., 532 : 172 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 12 Coloured Plates (xcvi.-cvii.), Svo. 10s.

Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae].
Pp. xv., 709 : 184 woodcuts. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1908, 8vo. 17s.

Atlas of 15 Coloured Plates (cviii.-cxxii.), Svo. 13s.

Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae, II.].
Pp. xiv., 583 : 162 woodcuts. [With Table of the
Phylogeny of the Acronyctinae, and Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1909, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 14 Coloured Plates (cxxiii.-cxxxvi.), Svo.

12s.

Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Acronyctinae, III.]
Pp. xv., 552 : 247 woodcuts. [With Table of the
Phylogeny of the Acronyctinae, and Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1910, Svo. 15s.

Atlas of 11 Coloured Plates (cxxxvii.-cxlvii.), Svo.

12s.

Vol. X. Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Erastrianae],
Pp. xix., 829 : 214 woodcuts. [With Table of the
Phylogeny of the Erastrianae, and Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1910, Svo. 11.

Atlas of 26 Coloured Plates (cxlviii.-clxxiii.). 1911,

Svo. 11.

Vol. XL Catalogue of the Noctuidae [Sub-families
Eutelianae, Stictopterinae, Sarrothripinae, and Acon-
tianae.] Pp. xvii., 689 : 275 woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1912, Svo. 11.

Atlas of 16 Coloured Plates (clxxiv.-cxci.), Svo.

17s. 6d.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera
in the Collection of the British Museum : —

Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.

78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]

1881, 4to. 21 10s.
Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89.

101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]

1886, 4to. 21. 4s.
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124.

121-138 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]

1889, 4to. 21.
Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri

District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144.

139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]

1891, 4to. 21.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 17

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepicloptera Heterocera
in the Collection of the British Museum — continued.

Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon.
By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176
Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List of
Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon.] 1893,
4to. 21. 2s.

Catalogue of the Collection of Palaearctic Butterflies formed
by the late John Henry Leech, and presented to the
Trustees of the British Museum by his Mother, Mrs. Eliza
Leech. By Richard South, F.E.S. Pp.vi.,228. 2 Coloured
Plates. With a Portrait and Biographical Memoir of Mr.
Leech. 1902, 4to. 11

Catalogtie of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner
Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. Gd.

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker.
12mo. :—

Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561.
1863. 4s.

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s.

Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120.

1865. 6s.

Neuropterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the
;-. Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen.
" Part I. Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. By John Obadiah
Westwood, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 4to. 31.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.
Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo.
5s. 6d.

18 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,.
F.L.S., &c. :— -^

Part II. Locustidse (continued). Pp. 225-423. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, Svo. 4s. 6d.

Part III. Locustidae (continued). — Acrididas. Pp. 425-
604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s.

Part IV. Acrididse (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

Part V. Tettigidae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of
Blattariae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distri-
bution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850; 43; 116.
[With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, Svo. 6s.

Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. By W. F. Kirby : —

Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gres-
soria. (Forficulidas, Hemimeridse, Blattidse, Mantidse,
Phasmidae.) Pp. x., 501. [With Index.] 1904r
Svo. 10s.

Vol. II. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part I. (Achetidae et
Phasgonuridse.) Pp. viii., 562. [With Index.] 1906r
Svo. 15s.

Vol. III. Orthoptera Saltatoria, Part II. (Locustidae
vel Acridiidse.) Pp. vii., 674. [With Index.] 1910.
Svo. II

Hemipterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S., &c. Svo. :—

Part VI. Pp. 210. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 5s.
Part VII. Pp. 213. [With Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 6s.

Homopterous ^ Insects.

A Synonymic Catalogue of Homoptera. Part I. Cicadidae.
By W. L. Distant. Pp. 207. [Index.] 1906, Svo. 5s. .

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19

VERMES.

Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms,
contained in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Dr. Baird. Pp. iv., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of
the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the
Catalogue are found, and an Index of Genera and
Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.

Catalogue of the Chaetopoda in the British Museum (Natural
History). A. Polychaeta : Part I. — Arenicolidse. By J.
H. Ashworth, D.Sc. Pp. xii., 175. 15 Plates, 68 Text-
figures. [With Systematic and General Indexes, List of
Text-figures, Description of Plates, &c.] 1912, roy. Svo.
IL 7s. &d.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or PennatulariidaB in the Collection of
the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv.,
40. 2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. Qd.

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection
of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, Svo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British
Museum (Natural History) : —

Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook.
Pp. xi., 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes, and Explanation of the
Plates.] 1893,.4to. 1Z. 4s.

Vol. II. The Genus Turbinaria ; the Genus Astrseopora .
By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Pp. iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1896, 4to. 18s.

Vol. III. The Genus Montipora ; the Genus Anacro-
pora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A., &c. Pp. vii., 192.
30 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With Syste-
matic Index, Index of Generic and Specific Names,
and Explanation of the Plates.] 1897, 4to. IL 4s.

Vol. IV. The Family Poritidse. I. — The Genus
Goniopora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. viii.,
206. 12 Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With
Index of Generic and Specific Names, and Explanation
of the Plates.] 1903, 4to. II.

Vol. V. The Family Poritidae. II.— The Genus Porites.
Part I. — Porites of the Indo-Pacific Region. By
Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. vi., 303. 35 Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1905, 4to. IL 15s.

20 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British
Museum (Natural History) — continued.

Vol. VI. The Family Poritidas. II.— The Genus Porites.
Part II. — Porites of the Atlantic and West Indies, with
the European Fossil Forms. The Genus Goniopora,
a supplement to Vol. IV. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A.
Pp. vi., 173. 16 Collotype and 1 Lithographic Plates
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and
Explanation of the Plates.] 1906, 4to. II.

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.
Pp. xii., 248. [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. Qd.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the
British Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenide
and Apidse. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New issue
Pp. xi. 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae, and
Vespidaa in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera of the Family Chalcididse.
By Claude Morley, F.Z.S., F.E.S. Pp. 74. [Index.]
1910, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Illustrations of British Blood-sucking Flies, with notes by
Ernest Edward Austen, Assistant, Department of Zoology,
British Museum (N.H.). Pp. 74. 34 Coloured Plates.
1906, roy. 8vo. II. 5s.

A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the
Collection of the British Museum. By George Johnston,
M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L., Ed., LL.D., Marischal Coll., Aber-
deen, &c. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s.

Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum
(Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202.
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 Coloured). [With Table of
Contents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index,
Description of the Plates, &c.] 1892, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 21

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection
of the British Museum ; with Synonyma and References
to figures. 12mo. : —

Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition.
Revised by H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv.r
224. 1856. Is. 9rf.

Part VI. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. Pp.134. 3851. 2s.

Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala and Brachiopoda. By
Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851. 3s. Qd.

Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164.
(With Index and List of Donors.) 1851. 3s. 6d.

Part XI. Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.
Pp. iv., 51. 1852. Is.

Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued). By James F.
Stephens. Pp. iv., 54. 1852. 9d

Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By
Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853. Is. 4d

Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam
White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853. Qd.

Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. By Adam
White. Pp. iv., 42. 1853. Is.

Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton.
Pp.199. [With an Index.] 1854. 3s.

PLANTS.

Illustrations of Australian Plants collected in 1770 during
Captain Cook's Voyage round the World in H.M.S.
" Endeavour." Bv the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks,
Bart., K.B., P.R.S., and Dr. Daniel Solander, F.R.S.
[Being a series of lithographic reproductions of copper-
plates engraved after paintings by F. P. Nodder, James
Miller, J. F. Miller, and John Cleveley.] With Introduc-
tion and Determinations by James Britten, F.L.S., Senior
Assistant, Department of Botany, British Museum : —

Part I. — 101 Plates, with 31 pages of descriptive text.
1900, fol. 11. 5s.

Part II.— 142 Plates (pis. 101-243), with 41 pages of
descriptive text (pp. 35-75). 1901, fol. 11. 15s.

Part III.— 77 Plates (pis. 244-318, 45A, and 122), with
26 pages of descriptive text, including Index to the
whole work (pp. 77-102), and 3 maps. 1905, fol. 11. 5s_

22 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich
Welwitsch in 1853-61 :—

Vol. I. Dicotyledons. By William Philip Hiern, M.A.
F.L.S., &c. :—

Part I. [Ranunculaceae to Rhizophoraceae.] Pp.
xxvi., 336. [With Portrait of Dr. Welwitsch.
Introduction, Bibliography, and Index of Genera.]
1896. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Part II. Combretacese to Rubiaceae. Pp. 337-510.
[With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 4s.

Part III. Dipsaceae to Scrophnlariaceae. Pp. 511-
784. [With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 5s.

Part IV. Lentibulariacese to Ceratophylleae. Pp. 785-
1035. [With Index.] 1900, 8vo. 5s.

Vol. II. Monocotyledons, Gymnosperms, and Crypto-
gams : —

Part I. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms. By
Alfred Barton Rendle, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S., Assis-
tant, Department of Botany. Pp. 260. [With
Index of Genera.] 1899, 8vo. 6s.

Part II. Cryptogamia. Pp. 261-566. [With Table
of Errata, and General Index to the whole work.]
1901, 8vo.6s.

Vascular Cryptogams ... By William Carruthers, F.R.S.

Mosses „ Antony Gepp, M.A., F.L.S.

Hepatics ... „ F. Stephani.

Marine Algae „ Ethel S. Barton.

Freshwater Algae W. West, F.L.S., and G. S.

West, B.A.
Diatomaceas ... ... ., Thomas Comber, F.L.S.

Lichenes ... ,. E. A. Wainio.

Fungi ... ... . . ,, Annie Lorrain Smith.

Mycetozoa , Arthur Lister, F.R.S.

Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the Flowering
Plants known from the Island. By William Fawcett,
B.Sc., F.L S., etc., and A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.,
F.L.S., etc. Vol. I. Orchidacese. Pp. xx., 150 : 32 Plates.
[With Index of Genera and Species.] 1910, 8vo.
10s. &d.

Synopsis of the British Basidiomycetes : a Descriptive
Catalogue of the Drawings and Specimens in the Depart-
ment of Botany, British Museum. By Worthington George
Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 531. 5 Plates and 145 Figures in
Text. [With Index.] 1908, 8 vo. 10s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 23

A Monograph of the British Lichens : a Descriptive Cata-
logue of the Species in the Department of Botany, British
Museum. Part II. By Annie Lorrain Smith, F.L.S.
Pp. [viii.,] 409 : 59 Plates. [With List of Plates, Glossary,
and Index.] 1911, 8vo. 11.

A Monograph of the Mycetozoa : a Descriptive Catalogue
of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum.
By Arthur Lister, F.R.S., F.L.S. Second Edition,
revised by Gulielma Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 302. 201 Plates
(120 coloured). 56 Woodcuts. [With Indexes, Biblio-
graphy, Glossary, etc.] 1911, 8vo. U. 10s.

List of British Diatomaceae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55.
1859, J2mo. Is.

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S.:—

Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera,
Insectivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268.
33 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 5s.

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Artiodactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s.

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders
Perissodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Ambly-
poda. Pp. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s.

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Proboscidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, Svo. 5s.

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders
Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata,
and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887 , 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368.
75 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891,
Svo. 10s. 6d.

24 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Pro-
terosauria. Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6d.
Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and
Sauropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii.,
239. 53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species including
Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata,
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement.
Pp. xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d.

A descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the
Oxford Clay. Based on the Leeds Collection in the
British Museum (Natural History), London. Part I. By
C. W. Andrews, D.Sc., F.R.S. Pp. xxiii., 205 : 94 Text-
figures, 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes, List of Illustrations, Explanations of Plates, &c.]
1910, 4to. 11. 5s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, LLD., F.R.S.,
F.G.S., &c. :—

Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii.,
474. 13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1889, 8vo. II. Is.

Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii),
Holocephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi,
and Teleostomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean
Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and
16 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic
Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 11. Is.

Part III. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi
of the Orders Choudrostei (concluded), Protospondyli,
Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Pp. xlii.,
544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species."!
1895, Svo. -11. Is.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 25

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History) — continued,

Part IV. Containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of
the Suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi,
Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii,
and Anacanthini. Pp. xxxix., 636. 22 Woodcuts
and 19 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1901,
8vo. II. Is.

A descriptive Catalogue of the Tertiary Vertebrata of the
Fayum, Egypt. Based on the Collection of the Egyptian
Government in the Geological Museum, Cairo, and on the
Collection in the British Museum (Natural History),
London. By C. W. Andrews, D.Sc. Pp. xxxvii., 324 :
98 Text Figures and 26 Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1906, 4to. 11. 15s.

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene
and Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural
History), with references to the type-specimens from
similar horizons contained in other collections belonging
to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard
Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of
Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-table,
Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology,
British Museum (Natural History). Part I. The Austra-
lasian Tertiary Mollusca. By George F. Harris, F.G.S., &c.
Pp. xxvi., 407. 8 Plates. [With Table of Families, Genera,
and Sub-Genera, and Index.] 1897, 8vo. 10s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History) : —

Parti. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidae,
Actinoceratidse, Gomphoceratidae, Ascoceratidse,
Poterioceratidse, Cyrtoceratidae, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888,
Svo. 10s. 6d.

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder
Nautiloidea, consisting of the families Lituitidae,
Trochoceratidae, Nautilidae, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1891, Svo. 15s.

26 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History) — continued. .

Part III. Containing the Bactritidse, and part of the
Suborder Ammonoidea. By Arthur H. Foord, Ph.D.,
F.G.S., and George Charles Crick, A.R.S.M., F.G.S.
Pp. xxxiii., 303. 146 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index of Genera and Species, and Alphabetical Index.]
1897, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

List of theTypes and Figured Specimens of Fossil Cephalopoda
in the British Museum (Natural History). By G. C. Crick
F.G.S. Pp. 103. [With Index.] 1898, 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms
and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By
Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History): —

The Jurassic Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., F.G.S.,
F.Z.S. Pp. [viii.,] 239 : 22 Woodcuts and 11 Plates.
[With List of Species and Distribution, Bibliography,
Index, and Explanation of Plates.] 1896, 8vo. 10s.

The Cretaceous Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc.r
F.R.S., &c. :—

Vol. I. Pp. xiv., 457 : 64 Woodcuts and 17 Plates.
[With Index and Explanation of Plates.] 1899,
8vo. 16s.

Vol. II. Pp. xlviii., 346. 75 Woodcuts and 9 Plates.
[With List of Localities, Bibliography, Subject
and Systematic Indexes, and Explanation of
Plates.] 1909, 8vo. 13s.

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of
the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of
the morphology and systematic position of the group, and
a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge,
jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum
(Natural Historv), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc., F.R.S.,
F.L.S. (of Eton College). Pp.xv.,322. 20 Plates. [With
Preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General
Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1886, 4to. 11. 5s.

The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, with a List of the
Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). By
F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Department.
Pp. x., 70. 1 Woodcut. 1899, 8vo. 3s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 27

Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural
History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288.
[With a list of works quoted, and an Index.] 1886,
8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History). By
A. C. Seward, M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., University Lecturer
in Botany and Fellow of Emanuel College, Cambridge : —

Part I. The Wealden Flora. Part I. Thallophyta—
Pteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179. 17 Woodcuts and
11 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, Explanations
of the Plates, &c.] 1894, 8vo. 10s.

Part II. The Wealden Flora. Part II. Gymnospermae.
Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With
Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.]
1895, 8vo. 15s.

Part III. The Jurassic Flora. Part I. The Yorkshire
Coast. Pp. xii., 341. 53 Woodcuts and 21 Plates.
[With Alphabetical Index, Explanations of the Plates,
&c.] 1900, 8vo. II.

Part IV. The Jurassic Flora. II. — Liassic and
Oolitic Floras of England (excluding the Inferior
Oolite Plants of the Yorkshire Coast). Pp. xv., 192.
20 Woodcuts and 13 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1904, Svo. 10s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Plants of the Glossopteris Flora in
the Department of Geology, British Museum (Natural
History). Being a Monograph of the Permo-carboniferous
Flora of India and the Southern Hemisphere. By E. A.
Newell Arber, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Pp. Ixxiv., 255 : 51
Text-Figures and 8 Plates. [With Bibliography and
Alphabetical Index.] 1905, Svo. 12s. 6d.

GUIDE-BOOKS, ETC.

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. Twelfth Edition. With
59 woodcuts, 2 plans, 2 views of the building, and an
illustrated cover. Pp. x., 117. 1909, Svo. 3d.

Guide to the Specimens illustrating the Races of Mankind
(Anthropology), exhibited in the Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition.
[By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 16 Figures.
Pp. 35. 1912, Svo. 4d.

28 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Guide to the Galleries of Mammals (other than Ungulates)
in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum
(Natural History). Eighth Edition. Pp. 101. 52
Woodcuts and 4 plans. Index. 1906, Svo. Qd.

Guide to the Great Game Animals (Ungulata) in the Depart-
ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). Pp.
93. 53 Text and other figures. With list of Horns,
Antlers and Tusks, and Index. 1907, Svo. Is.

Guide to the Elephants (Recent and Fossil) exhibited in
the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British
Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. C. W. Andrews,
F.R.S.] Illustrated by 31 text-figures. Pp. 46. 1908,
8vo. 6d.

Guide to the Specimens of the Horse Family (Equidae)
exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum
(Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Pp. 42.
26 Figures. 1907, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the Domesticated Animals (other than Horses)
exhibited in the Central and North Halls of the British
Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. [By R.
Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by 25 Figures. Pp. 56.
[With table of Contents, List of Illustrations, and Index.]
1912, Svo. 6d.

Guide to the Whales, Porpoises, and Dolphins (order Cetacea)
exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British Museum
(Natural History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated
by 33 Figures. Pp. 47. [With Index.] 19U9, Svo. 4d

Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of
Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R.
Ogilvie Grant.] Second Edition. Pp. iv., 228. 25 Plates,
and 7 Illustrations in text. [With Index.] 1910, 4to.
2s. 6rf.

Guide to the Gallery of Birds in the Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural History). [By W. R. Ogilvie
Grant.] : —

Part I. General Series. Pp. 149. [With Index.]

1905, 4to. Qd.

Part II. Nesting Series of British Birds. Second
Edition. Pp. 62. 4 Plates. [Index.] 1909, 4to. 4d

Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia and Amphibia in the
Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By R. Lydekker, F.R.S.] Illustrated by
76 text and other Figures. Pp. iv., 75. [With Table of
Contents.] 1906, Svo. 6d.

Guide to the Gallery of Fishes in the Department of Zoology
of the British Museum (Natural History). [By Dr. W. G..
Ridewood.] Illustrated by 96 Figures. Pp. v., 209."
[With Preface by Sir E. Ray Lankester, Table of
Classification, and Index.] 1908, Svo. Is.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 29

Guide to the British Vertebrates Exhibited in the Depart-
ment of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History).
[By W. P. Pycraft.] Pp. iv., 122. 26 Text-Figures,
1 Plan. [With Index.] 1910, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the exhibited series of Insects in the Department
of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History). By G. 0.
Waterhonse. Second Edition. Pp. 65 : 62 text- and full-
page Illustrations. [With Table of Contents and Index.]
1909, 8vo. Is.

Guide to the Crustacea, Arachnida, Onychophora and My-
riopoda exhibited in the Department of Zoology, British
Museum (Natural History). (By W. T. Caiman, D.Sc.,
A. S. Hirst, and F. J. Bell.) Pp. 133 : 90 Text-Figures.
[With Table of Contents and Index.] 1910, 8vo. Is."

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Polyzoa,
Brachiopoda, Tunicata, Echinoderma, and Worms),
Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History).
Fifth Edition. Pp. iv., 133. 125 Woodcuts, Plan, and
Indexes. 1908, 8vo. 6c?.

Guide to the Coral Gallery (Protozoa, Porifera or Sponges,
Hydrozoa, and Anthozoa) in the Department of Zoology,
British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition.
Pp. [iv., 8] 73. 90 Illustrations, Plan, and Index.
1907, 8vo. Is.

A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in the Department
of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum
(Natural History). Ninth Edition. [By A. S. Woodward,
LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xvi., 100. 6 Plates, 88 Text-Figures.
[With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified Rocks, and
Index.] 1909, Svo. 6d.

A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fishes in
the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the
British Museum (Natural History). Ninth Edition. [By
A. S. Woodward, LL.D., F.R.S.] Pp. xviii., 110. 8 Plates
and 116 Text-Figures. [With Table of Contents, Lists of
Illustrations, Geological Time-Scale, and Index.] 1910,
Svo. 9d.

A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the Depart-
ment of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum
(Natural History). [By F. A. Bather, D.Sc., F.R.S.]
Second Edition. Pp. x., 183. 7 Plates and 96 Text-Figures.
[With List of Illustrations, Geological Time-scale, and
Index.] 1911, Svo. Is.

List of British Seed-plants and Ferns exhibited in the
Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural History).
[By A. B. Rendle, D.Sc., F.R.S., and J. Britten, F.L.S.]
With table of Sequence of Orders, and Index of Genera.
Pp. 44. 1907, Svo. 4d. (Out of print.)

30 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the De-
partment of Botany, British Museum (Natural History).
Second Edition, revised. By Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S.
Pp. 85. 91 Woodcuts. With Table of Diagnostic Characters,
Glossary, and Index. 1908, 8vo. kd.

*Guide to Mr. Worthington Smith's Drawings of Field and
Cultivated Mushrooms, and Poisonous or Worthless
Fungi, often mistaken for Mushrooms, exhibited in the
Department of Botany, British Museum (Natural
History). Pp. 24 : 2 Plates, containing 28 coloured
figures ; 4 text-Figures. 1910, 8vo., Is.

Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department
of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). [By Arthur
Lister, F.R.S.] Third Edition, revised. Pp. 49. 46
Woodcuts. Index. 1909, 8vo. 3d

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum
(Natural History). Eleventh Edition. Pp. 32. Plan.
1911, 8vo. Id.

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British
Museum (Natural History). Twenty-fourth Edition.
Pp. 36. With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery. 1911,
8vo. 2d.

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to
the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Thirteenth Edition.
Pp. 123. 41 Woodcuts. With Plan of the Mineral
Gallery and Index. 1910, Svo. Gd.

An Introduction to the Study of Rocks and Guide to the
Museum Collection. Fourth Edition. By L. Fletcher,
M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 155. [With Plan of the Mineral Gallery,
Table of Contents, and Index.] 1909, Svo. Is.

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. By L. Fletcher,
M.A., F.R.S., &c. Tenth Edition. Pp. 120. [With a Plan
of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the Meteorites
represented in the Collection.] 1908, Svo. Qd.

SPECIAL GUIDES.

No. 2. — Books and Portraits illustrating the History of Plant
Classification exhibited in the Department of Botany.
Second Edition. [By A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.]
Pp. 19. 4 Plates. 1909, Svo. 4d.

* The plates may be had separately in one sheet mounted on linen and
varnished. Price Is., or Is. 2d. post free.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 31

No. 4. — Memorials of Charles Darwin : a Collection of
Manuscripts, Portraits, Medals, Books, and Natural History
Specimens to commemorate the Centenary of his Birth
and the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of " The
Origin of Species." (Second Edition.) [By W. G. Ride-
wood, D.Sc.J Pp. vi., 50. 2 Plates. 1910, 8vo. 6c?.

No. 5. — Guide to the Exhibition of Animals, Plants, and
Minerals mentioned in the Bible. Second Edition.
Pp. vii., 78. 7 Text -figures. 1911, 8vo. 6d.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTORS.

Handbook of Instructions for Collectors, issued by the
British Museum (Natural History). With Illustrations.
Third Edition. Pp. 144. Index. 1906, 8vo. Is. Qd.

Instructions for Collectors : —

No. 1. — Mammals. Fourth Edition. Pp. 8. Text illust.
1912, Svo. 3d.

No. 2.— Birds and their Eggs. Fifth Edition. Pp. 13.
6 Text-figures. 1912, Svo. 3d.

No. 3. — Reptiles, Batrachians, and Fishes. [Third
Edition.] Pp. 12. 1903, Svo. 4d.

No. 4.— Insects. Fifth Edition. Pp. 11. Text illust.

1911. Svo. 3d.
No. 5. — Diptera (Two-winged Flies). Third Edition.

Pp. 16. Text illust. 1908, 8vo. 3d.

No. 6.— Mosquitoes (Culicidse). [Third Edition.] Pp. 8.
1 Plate, 1 figure in text. 1904, Svo. 3d.

No. 7. — Blood-sucking Flies, Ticks, &c. By E. E. Austen.
Third Edition. Pp. 24 : 13 figures in text. 1907, Svo. 3d.

No. 8. — Spiders, Centipedes, &c. Second Edition. Pp. 4.
1906, Svo. 3d.

No. 9. — Soft-bodied and other Invertebrate Animals ; Shells
of Molluscs. Third Edition. Pp. 18. 1909, Svo. 3d.

No. 10.— Plants. Fourth Edition. Pp. 10 : 3 figures in text.
1909, Svo. 3d.

No. 11. — Fossils and Minerals. Third Edition. Pp. 8.
1906, Svo. 3d.

British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road,

London, S.W.
September, 1912.