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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA

ALFEED E. C. SELWYN, LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., DIRECTOR.

CATALOGUE

CANADIAN PLANTS

PART L-POLYPETAL.E.

JOHN MACOU3Sr; :>1.A, F.L.S., F.E.S.C.

BKOTHB1RS.

1883.

BIOLOGY
LIBRARY

6

In this publication it is intended to enumerate systematically the
plants of the Dominion of Canada, and to define their range in so
far as the knowledge at present available enables this to be done.
This, the first part of the Catalogue, will be followed by others, as
soon as it is possible to complete the necessary examination of col-
lections and authorities.

ALFEBD E. C. SELWYN.
OTTAWA, May, 1883.

PREFACE.

THE purpose of this work is to place in the hands of Canadian
botanists, in a connected form, the knowledge so far obtained of the
extent and distribution of the Flora of Canada. It is believed that this
Catalogue will satisfy a long-felt want, and enable botanists to add to,
or make more accurate, the data at present available, and in the course
of a few years remove the serious difficulties which now stand in the
way of a " Flora of Canada."

Forty-three years ago Sir William Jackson Hooker published his
great work the " Flora Boreali Americana," and in it recorded all the
knowledge obtained of species and their distribution by the early
travellers and explorers. In the same year, 1840, Torrey and Gray
published their work on the Flora of North America, which included
the Polypetalse only. Three yeai-s later the Gamopetalse to the end of
the Composite, was published by the same authors. After the lapse of
thirty-five years Dr. Asa Gray published the remaining Gamopetala?
in the year 1878. The four works above enumerated contain all we
know of Canadian botany, beyond the lists which have appeared occa-
sionally in Canadian scientific publications.

In giving the distribution of species I have freely availed myself of
all published records. My own observations, having extended from the
Eastern Provinces to the Pacific, enable me to speak with accuracy and
decision on many points which a more limited knowledge of distribution
would preclude. The collections made during the last ten years by the
gentlemen on the staff of the Geological and Natural History Survey in
various parts of Canada have been examined by me, and also many
other collections made in Ontario.

Through the kindness of Principal Dawson I have likewise examined
the very large Herbarium of McGill College and the collections of Dr.

VI PREFACE.

Holmes, made in the neighborhood of Montreal as early as 1821. The
McGill College collections are from all parts of Canada, but chiefly from
Quebec, and are of very great scientific interest. *

For our notices of Newfoundland plants, besides the volumes men-
tioned above, we are indebted to the late Dr. John Bell, who published
a list of plants collected by him on the west coast of that island in the
summer of 1867, in the Canadian Naturalist for 1869 ; and to the McGill
College Herbarium.

Our knowledge of the Nova Scotia flora is derived chiefly from a list
published in the Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian
Institute of Natural Science for 1875-76, to which the following gentle-
men contribute :— Prof. How, D.C.L., King's College, Windsor, N. S. ;
Prof. Lawson, Ph.D., LL.D., Dalhousie College, Halifax, N. S. ; Prof.
Sommers, M.D., Halifax Medical College ; Eev. E. H. Ball, St. Luke's,
Halifax, N. S.; D. A. Campbell, M.D., C.M., Halifax Medical College;
A. W. H. Lindsay, M.D., Halifax, N. S. In addition to the published
catalogue, A. H. McKay, B.A., Principal of the Pictou Academy, N. S.,
sent me a very valuable manuscript list of his own extensive collections
in that province and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. McGill
College Herbarium also supplies additional matter.

New Brunswick notices are principally from a catalogue of New
Brunswick plants, published in the years 1878-79, by the Rev. James
Fowler, M.A., Professor of Natural History, Queen's College, Kingston,
Ont., but late Science Master in the Normal School at Fredericton, N. B.
The Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick for the
years 1882-83 contains additional notices both of species and localities.
Contributions from the following gentlemen are also 'acknowledged :
G. F. Matthew, M.A., Prof. Bailey, Messrs. G. U. Hay, James Vroom,
Robert Chalmers, James Moser, Arthur J. Trueman, J. Brittain, G. H.
Burnett and J. E. Wetmore.

Our knowledge of the Quebec flora is obtained from the following
sources : A catalogue of the plants collected by the late Dr. Andrew
Holmes in the vicinity of Montreal about the year 1821. The plants
themselves are in the Herbarium of McGill College. Dr. Thomas' list of
the plants growing at Riviere du Loup and on the Island of Orleans.
L'Abb£ Ovide Brunei's Catalogue, published in 1865 by himself, and
distributed to his friends, gave all the Canadian plants in the Herbarium
of Laval University, Quebec. W. S. M. D' Urban collected, in the year

* Among the principal contributors to the McGill College Herbarium, the following may be
mentioned: — Dr. Andrew Holmes, Miss Brodie, Rev. Mr. Butler, D. P. H. Wilkins, B.A.
Labrador plants; Mr. George Barnston, Arctic plants; H.B. Trapnell, Newfoundland plants
W. W- Doherty, New Brunswick plants; Principal Dawson, Dr. F. W. Kelley, Nova Scotian
plants. Also Dr. R. S. McConnell, Dr. B- J. Harrington. Dr. C. E. Graham, Dr B. J- Wales
Dr. John Boll, and Messrs. W. B. Dawson, B.A., H. H. Lyman. B.A., R. G. McConnell, B.A.
D. Currie, B.A., L. M. England, B.A., Walter Lyman, B.A., J. C- McRae, J. A. Porter, B.A.
R. C. Kirkpn trick, James Menna-n and G. H. Blackadar.

PREFACE. VII

1858, in the counties of Argenteuil and Ottawa, and published the list in
the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist for 1861. A few additions have
been obtained from the Canadian Flora, published by L'Abbe Pro-
vancher, and from Dr. Maclagan, who collected near Montreal, and at a
few other localities in the province of Quebec. The results of my own
explorations in Gasp6 during the summer of 1882 are included, as well
as notes obtained from an examination of the various collections in
McGill College and the Herbarium of the Natural History Society of
Montreal. Anything relating to the flora of the province that could be
culled from Sir William Hooker's Flora is likewise added.

Ontario has been pretty thoroughly worked up in almost every
district. The eastern part by Mr. Jarnes Fletcher and Mi: R. B. Whyte,
of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club, and by the late B. Billings, Esq.,
in the neighborhood of Prescott and Brockville. My own explorations
include the counties of Prince Edward, Addington, Hastings, North-
umberland, Peterboro and Victoria, in the central district; the vicinity
of Toronto, the Niagara Peninsula, the country along Lake Erie and the
line of the Canada Southern railway, Pelee Point and Island, the
vicinity of Owen Sound and the Bruce Peninsula ; the north shore of
Lake Superior, and the whole extent of the Dawson Route, from
Thunder Bay to Manitoba, including the valley of the Kaminis-
tiquia River. The neighborhood of Hamilton has been well explored by
the late Judge Logie and J. M. Buchan, M.A., principal of Upper
Canada College, Toronto. The district around London has been care-
fully examined by William Saunders, Esq., President of the Entomo-
logical Society, and Dr. Thomas Burgess, Assistant Superintendent of
the Insane Asylum of that city. The researches of the latter gentle-
man have extended from Niagara Falls to Muskoka and Parry Sound,
and he has added many rare southern forms to the flora of the province.
H. B. Spotten, M.A., Principal of Barrio High School, has collected
largely in the vicinity of Lake Simcoe. The eminent Douglas, Dr.
Todd, Mr. Goldie and Dr. Maclagan have also done good service. The
collections of the three first named were examined by Sir William
Hooker, and all localities credited to them are taken from his work.

Dr. Robert Bell has collected in the country north of Lake Superior,
along the shores of Lake Huron and in the country extending northward
to James' Bay, along the east coast of Hudson's Bay, and in the valleys
of the Nelson and Churchill Rivers, and the intervening district.

The great plains between Manitoba and the Rocky Mountains have
been pretty thoroughly examined. The collection made by Dr. G. M.
Dawson, while geologist and naturalist to the Boundary Commission,
embraces the whole flora of the 49th parallel, from the Lake of the
Woods to the Rocky Mountains. During the summers of 1872, 1875,

VIII PREFACE.

18*79 and the two following years, I made extensive journeys through
both the prairie region and the wooded country to the north, as far as
Lat. 59°, including the whole length of the great Peace Eiver. M.
Bourgeau, while botanist to Captain Palliser's expedition in 1857-58,
made numerous traverses of the country bordering on the Saskatch-
ewan and southward. Douglas and Drummond explored the whole
country from the Eed and Assiniboine Eivers, by the North Saskatch-
ewan and Athabasca to the Eocky Mountains. The former passed
across the Eocky Mountains by the Athabasca Pass, and examined the
entire length of the valley of the Columbia, while the latter collected
in the main range of the Eocky Mountains, between Lat. 52°-56°, and
particularly in that part about the head of Smoky Eiver, a tributary of
the Peace. Sir John Eichardson and other Arctic explorers noted and
collected the plants of the wooded country from Hudson's Bay to the
Arctic Sea, its coasts and islands, including the country north of the
Saskatchewan and the whole valley of the Mackenzie.

Our knowledge of the Eocky Mountain region proper is still, how-
ever, very imperfect. Dr. Gr. M. Dawson has examined the region in
the vicinity of the South Kootanie Pass, near the 49th parallel, and
traversed the mountains by the Pine Pass, in Lat. 55°. In September,
1879, I ascended the Bow Eiver Pass for a few miles, and obtained
some knowledge of its alpine flora. Bourgeau also spent some time,
in August, 1858, in the Bow Eiver Pass and on the adjacent mountains,
and made extensive collections. Douglas' and Drummond's explora-
tions have already been referred to, but the latter may be said to have
given us the most valuable information, as he spent a whole' summer
in the mountains. I examined the Peace Eiver Pass and ascended
Mount Selwyn at its western end, in 1875, but owing to the loss of the
collections the results obtained were not satisfactory.

British Columbia, also, still requires much attention. Besides the
early explorers mentioned by Hooker, the following are our sources of
information : During the early part of 1875 I made very extensive
collections on Vancouver Island near Victoria, and all the way, by the
valley of the Fraser, from the coast to Fort MacLeod at the western
base of the Eocky Mountains, in Lat. 55°. Dr. G. M. Dawson has
collected on Vancouver Island, in the valley of the Fraser, and in
the country lying west of it to the Coast Eanges, in 1875-76. In
the summer of 1877 in southern British Columbia on the Cascades and
dry valleys lying to the east. The summer of 1878 was spent by him
in the Queen Charlotte Islands, and in 1879 a traverse was made to the
Eocky Mountains by way of the Skeena. A. J. Hill, C.E., has added
considerably to our knowledge of the flora of the Fraser and Thompson
Eivers, during the summers of 1880-81-82.

PREFACE. IX

Alaska has been included in the catalogue, as its flora is that of our
western coast and north-western interior region. Besides the refer-
ences to it taken from Hooker's Flora Boreali Americana, I have used
Dr. J. T. Eothrock's Catalogue of Alaskan Plants, published in the
Smithsonian Report for the year 186*7.

All plants which are common to British North America and Green-
land are introduced. The catalogue used is that of Sir Joseph Hooker,
in the Arctic Manual published in 18*75.

In conclusion, I would again state that the present work is by no
means final, and would invite the co-operation of botanists in all parts
of Canada in the work of adding to our list of species and assisting to
define the limits and varietal range of those already known.

JOHN MACOUN.
OTTAWA, April 1883.

POLYPETALOUS EXOGENS.

I. EANUNCULACE^. CROWFOOT FAMILY.

I. CLEMATIS, Linn. (VIRGIN'S BOWER.)

(1.) C. verticillaris, DC. Whorl-leaved Clematis.
Atragene Americana, Sims. Pursh, 384.

Trailing over rocks or climbing over bushes, from the vicinity of
Quebec (Brunet) throughout Ontario, and extending through the wooded
district to the Eocky Mountains in Lat. 56° (on Mount Selwyn), and
westward to the Coast Eange of British Columbia ; also on the foot-hills
of the Eocky Mountains near the 49th parallel, and in the Bow River
Pass.

(2.) G. Virginiana, Linn. Virginian Clematis.
C. cordata, Pursh, 384.

River banks and in low grounds along streams. Common in Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, and extending to Thunder
Bay, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) At the south end of Lake Winnipeg.
(Drummond.')

(3.) C. ligusticifolia, Nutt.

C. Virginiana, Hook. Fl. I. ; 1 in part.

Climbing or trailing over bushes or sand on the sand hills at the
source of the Qu'Appelle. (Afacown.) Margin of Waterton Lake,
Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.') Spence's Bridge and Cache Creek, B. C.
(Macoun.)

(4.) Douglas! i, Hook. Douglas's Clematis.

On the west side of the Eocky Mountains, near the sources of the
Columbia. (Douglas.) It may be looked for in the southern part of
British Columbia.

12 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

2. ANEMONE, Linn. (WIND FLOWER.)

(5.) A. patens, Linn. var. Nuttalliana, Gray. Prairie Anemone
or " May-flower."

A. patens, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 5.

A. Nuttalliana, DC. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 12.

Pulsatilla patens, Gray. Lawson, Ranunc. Can., 22.

Abundant on dry gravelly soil from the eastern margin of the
prairie region through the Eocky Mountains, and westward to the
Coast Eanges. It ranges northward beyond the Ai-ctic Circle, and
northwesterly into Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)

(6.) A. OCCidentaliS, Watson. Western Anemone.

A. alp'ma, Hook, Fl. I., 5.

Pulsatilla alpina. Lawson, Ranunc. Can. 23.

Mountains of southern British Columbia and Rocky Mountains,
near the 49th parallel, at 6,000 feet altitude. (Dawson.) Eastern
declivity of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(7.) A. parviflora, Michx. Small-flowered Anemone.

A. bor calls, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 12.
A. cuneifolia, Jtiss. Pursh. 386.

Wet rocks along rivers and in mountains. Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alaslc.) Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Anticosti. (Pursh.)
Labrador. (T.&G.) Dartmouth River, Gaspe". (J.Bell.) Magdalen
Eiver, Ste. Anne Eiver and Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe", Q. ; Pic River,
Lake Superior ; Bow Eiver near Morley, N.W.T. (Macoun.) East coast of
Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.) It becomes abundant northward and
extends to the Arctic Sea, Lat. 70°. (Hooker.) Kootanie Pass, Eocky
M ountains. (Dawson. )

(8.) A. Baldensis, Hook.

Arid places on the eastern summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-55°. (Drummond.) Watson in his Index to American Botany
gives this as a synonym of A. multiftda, which, however, is scarcely
probable. I found a species which I took to be this on Mount Selwyn,
in the Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°, but the specimens were lost.

(9.) A. nemorosa, Linn. Wood Anemone.

A. lancifolia, Pursh. 387.
Thick woods under trees. Not uncommon in New Brunswick.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 13

{Fowler.) From Gaspe to Dunvegan, (Lat. 56°) on Peace -River, and
throughout British Columbia to Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Dean
or Salmon Eiver, B. C. (Dawson.) Local but not rare.

(10.) A. deltoidea, Hook.

Salmon Eiver, near Salmon House, Coast Eange, B. C., 1876.
(Dawson.)

(It.) A. Richardsoni, Hook. Eichardson's Anemone.
A. ranunculoides, var. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 12.

Eastern primitive district; shores of Hudson's Bay; barren ground,
Eocky Mountains, from Lat 55°-68°, in wet, mossy ground. (Richard
son, Drummond.) York Factory. (JR. Bell.) Ounalaska Island, Kotzebue
Sound ; Youcon Eiver. (Rothr. Alaslc.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(12.) A. cylindrica, Gray. Long-fruited Anemone.

Fence corners and borders of woods. Township of Durham, Quebec.
(Brunei.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FLOtt.) Belleville and west-
ward to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(13.) A. Virginiana, Linn. Virginian Anemone.

Dry, rocky woods and banks of rivers. Mouth of Upsalquitch Eiver,
Grand Falls of St. John. N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant from Gasp£
to Fort William and across the plains to the Eocky Mountains
(Macoun.) Extending northward to Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) This
species and the preceding are often confounded.

(14.) A. multiflda, DC. Eed Wind-flower.

A. Hudsoniana. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 13-

Eiver St. John, above Fredericton ; Grand Falls, 1ST. B. (Fowler's
Cat.) From Gaspe" to Lake Superior, Pic River to the Lake of the
Woods, and across the great plains and northwardly by Peace Eiver to
British Columbia. (Macoun.) Shores of Hudson's Bay. (R.Bell.) Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.)

(15.) A. dichotoma, Linn. Eound-headed Anemone.

A. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 8.
A. aconitifolia. Michx. Fl. L, 320.

Abundant along river margins and in low meadows. Truro, N. S.
(Campbell.) Along St. John Eiver and tributaries ; Eestigouche, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant from Gasp<$ to the valleys of the Eocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) From Hudson's Bay to the mouth of the
Mackenzie and westward to the Pacific. (Hooker.)

14 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(16.) A. narcissiflora, Linn. Narcissus-flowered Anemone.

Eocky places. Northwest coast; Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Will
likely be found in British Columbia.

(1*7.) A. Hepatica, Linn. Liverwort. May Flower.
Hepatica triloba, Chaix. Gray, Manual, 38.

Dry, rich woods. Falmouth and Bridge water, N. S. {How <& Ball.)
Pictou, N. S., very rare. (Mackay.} St. Stephens and Keswick Ridge,
N. B. (Fowler's Cat.} Bather rare in Quebec from the Isle of Orleans
westward. (Brunei.} Abundant throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
Eeported from Eiver Winnipeg by Captain Back, and Eocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 55°, by Drummond. These references are doubtful.
(Macoun). Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(18.) A. acutiloba, Lawson. May Flower.

Hepatica, triloba, var. acuta. Pursh, 391.
H. acutiloba, DC. Gray's Manual, 38.

Eich, shady woods. Point Levis. (Brunei.) Common around
Montreal. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Abundant throughout Ontario.
(Macoun.}

3. THALICTRUM, Tourn. (MEADOW-RUE.)

(19.) Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx. Eue Anemone.
Syndesmon thalictroides, Hoffm. Lawson, Ranunc. Can., 31.

Eich, rocky woods. Vicinity of Niagara Falls and Pelee Island,
Lake Erie. (Macoun.) St. Davids, Niagara District, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Oaklands, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.}

(20.) T. dioicum, Linn. Early Meadow-rue.
T. Ixvigatum, Michx. Fl. I., 322.

Eich woods. Keswick Eidge, rare ; Flat lands, Eestigouche, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant from Gasp<$ to the Pacific. (Macoun.)
North to Lat. 6*7°. (Hooker.)

(21) T. purpurascens. Linn. Purplish Meadow-rue.

T. pubescens, Pursh, 383.

Dry uplands and rocky hills. St. Joachim, Quebec. (Provancher.)
Vicinity of Belleville and at Heely Falls, Seymour, Ont. (Macoun.)
Near Jjondon, Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 15

(22.} T. Cornuti. Linn. Fall Meadow-rue.

T. rugosum, Pursh, 388.

T. corynettum, DC. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 12.

Wet meadows, around springs and along rivulets. Common from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick through the wooded districts to the
Pacific. North to Peace Eiver. (Macoun.) Coast of Labrador.
(McGill Coll Herb.) Anticosti. (Verrill) Newfoundland. (J.
Richardson.}

(23.) T. alpinum, Linn. Alpine Meadow-rue.

Island of Anticosti, 1861. (Verrill.') Newfoundland. {Banks.)
Kotzebue Sound and Port Clarence. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.)

(24.) T. sparsiflorum, Turcz. Few-flowered Meadow-rue.
T. davatum, Hook. Fl. I., 2.

Low, rich alluvial soil. Low ground along the eastern base of the
Porcupine Mountains, about Lat. 53°, Man. Macleod's Lake, Lat 55°,
B. C. (Macoun.} Portage La Loche, a height of land composed oi
sand hills, Lat. 57°, N. W. T. (Richardson.)

4. MYOSURUS, Dill. (MOUSE-TAIL.)

(25.) M. minimus, Linn. Least Mouse-tail.

On ground subject to overflow and on limestone shingle at the Ferry
House opposite Belleville ; rocky pastures west of Albert College, Belle-
ville, Ont. Arid spots north of Cypress Hills, N. W. T. Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island, B. C. (Macoun.) Near Short Creek, Souris Eiver,
N.W.T. Tsi Tsutl Mountains, B. C. (Dawson.)

(26.) M. aristatus, Benth. Awned Mouse-tail.

Arid soil, west of the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, 1879 ;
near Eeed 'Lake, Lat. 50° 30', Long. 107° 20', N. W.T. Abundant
near Lytton, B. C. (Macoun.)

5. RANUNCULUS, Linn. (CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUP.)

(27.) R. hederaceus, Linn.

•

R. aquatilis, Linn. var. Lobbii. Watson's Index, 17.

Growing in a pool by the roadside near Esquimault Harbor, Van-
couver Island, 1875. (Macoun.)

16 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(28). R. aquatiliS, Linn. var. trichop hyllus, Chaix. White
Water-crowfoot.

R. fluviatilis, Pursh, 395.

R. aquatilis var. capillaccus, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 10.

R. aquatilis var. brachypus, Hook. & Arn. Torr & Gray, Fl. I., 658.

Common in stagnant pools and slow-flowing brooks, from Capo
Breton (Bow.') to British Columbia. (Macoun.) Coppermine River.
(Simpson ) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

Var. stagnatilis, DC.

R. divaricatus, Gray, Manual, 40.

In stagnant pools from Eat Creek, Manitoba, westward to the moun-
tains. (Macoun.)

Var. caespitosus, DC.

Borders of forest lakes. Small lakes, North Hastings, Ont.
(Macoun.), thence northward and westward. (Hooker.)

The first is the common eastern form, and often grows in company
with the latter, while the second is the characteristic form of the stag-
nant pools of the prairies.

(29.) R. multifldus, Pursh. Yellow Water-crowfoot.
R. Purshii, Torr. Hook. Fl. L, 16.

Common in stagnant pools and ditches. Cape Breton Island to the
Pacific and northward to near the Arctic Sea. Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.)

Var. P. Watson's Index, 20.

R. Purshii var. y. Hook. Fl. I., 15.

R. limosus, Nutt. in Torr & Gray, Fl. L, 20.

In or on the margins of small pools on the great prairies; in the
Touchwood Hills, N. W. T. (Macoun.) Lakes and marshes about
Cumberland House and Slave Lake. (Richardson.) Kocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) In pools near Stuart's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)

Var. y. repens, Wateon in King's Eep., 8.
R. Purshii, var. /3. Richardson.

In a muddy brook near Flinton, Hastings Co., Ont. • Numerous
places on the great prairies. (Macoun.) Swamps, foot-hills of Kocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Bear Lake. (Richardson.)

(30.) R. aiismsefolius, Geyer. Water-plantain. Spearwort.
Macoun's Cat., No. 23.

In inundated places on mud. Southern part of Ontario. (Groldie.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 17

Vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

(31.) R. flammula, Linn. var. intcrmedius, Hook.

Shore of Lake Ontario at Presqu' lie Point and on Toronto Island.
(Macoun.) On the gravelly banks of rivers to Lat. 69°. (Richardson.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. reptans, Meyer. Creeping Crowfoot.

R. reptans, Linn. Macoun's Cat, No. 48.

R.filiformis, Michx. Fl. I., 320-

R. flammula var. filiformis, Hook. Fl. I., 11.

Abundant along the gravelly margins of lakes and rivers from Nova
Scotia to the Coast Eanges of British Columbia, and northward to the
Arctic Sea. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) This form is very
persistent, and roots at almost every joint.

(32.) R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. Seaside Crowfoot.

Sea shores and margins of salt ponds in the prairie region and interior
of British Columbia. Common in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
(How & Fowler.) Gaspe", Q. ; Fort William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On mud flats along the
Ottawa at Thurso, Q. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Along the Ottawa Biver
at Beauharnois, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) From Hudson's Bay to near
the Arctic Sea in Lat. 63°. (Richardson.) Pacific coast. (Dawson.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. alpinus, Hook. Fl. I., 11.

Near the summits of the Eocky Mountains, between Lat. 52°-55°.
(Drummond.)

(33.) R. rhomboideus, Goldie. Ehomboid-leaved Crowfoot.

R. ovalis, Raf. Hook. Fl. I., 12.
R. brevicaulis, Hook. Fl. I., 13.

Dry ground and sand hills. Near Montreal. (Dr. Holmes). Sand
hills near Trenton, and Eice Lake Plains, Ont. ; banks of the Humber
near Toronto. (Macoun.) Lake Simcoe, Ont. (Goldie.) Near London,
Ont. (Saunders.) Sandy plains of the Biviere aux Sables, Lambton
Co., Ont. (Gibson.) Lake of the Woods and various places on the
Western plains. (Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Barnston.) Eed Eiver
Prairie and Pembina Mountain. (Dawson.) Alpine prairies of the
Eocky Mountains and about Carleton House, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drum-
mond.)

2

18 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(34.) R. afflnis, E. Br. Eough-fruited Crowfoot.
R. arcticm, Richards, in Frankl. Journ. 13.

Abundant west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Lake of the
Woods and Trader's Eoad, north of Woody Mountain, N. W. T.
(Dawson,) From Long. 95° to the western declivity of the Eocky
Mountains, Melville Island and shores of the Arctic Sea, between
Long. 107°~159°. (Richardson). Barren summits of the Eocky Moun-
tains on the eastern side of the ridge, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.)
Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Yar. cardiophyllus, Gray.

R. cardiophyllus, Hook. Fl. I., 14.

Vicinity of Morley, Bow River ; seven miles northwest of Edmon-
ton. (Macoun.) In the central prairie and limestone districts to Lat.
55°. Alpine prairies of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

Yar. leiocarpus, Trautv.

Top of Mount Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.)

(35.) R. glaberrimus, Hook. Smooth Crowfoot.

Near Lake La Hache, and above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun.) Kettle
Falls of the Columbia. and on the Eocky Mountains, near the limit of
perpetual snow. (Douglas.)

(36.) R. fascicularis, Muhl. Bundle-rooted Buttercup.

Dry, gravelly soil. Kingston Mills, Chippewa and Maiden, Ont. ( Mac-
lagan.) Belleville, Trenton, vicinity of Toronto, Niagara Falls, Ont.
(Macoun.) Common east of London Ont. (Saunders.) Hamilton, Ont.
(Logic.) South end of Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.) Last reference
doubtful.

(37.) R. abortivus, Linn. Small-flowered Buttercup.

In old pastures and woods quite common. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Anticosti and New-
foundland. ( Verrill.) Abundant in Quebec and Ontario, extending
through the forest region to British Columbia by Peace Eiver.
(Macoun.)

Yar. micranthus, Gray, Manual, 42.

R. micranthus, Nutt. in Torr & Gray, Fl. I., 18.
Eocky shores. Grand Etang, Gaspe*, Q. Along the canal at the Sault

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 19

Ste. Marie. Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior.
(Agassiz.) Bare.

(38.) R. sceleratus, Linn. Noxious Buttercup.

In ditches and muddy pools. St. Stephen, Shediac and Elver Charlo
N. B. {Fowler's Cat.) Gaspe and Point Levis, Q. (Macoun.) Beloeil
Mountain, Q. (J. Bell} Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.}
Very common in Ontario and in ponds on the Great Plains by Peace
Eiver to British Columbia. (Macoun.) Slave Lake and North to Lat.
67°. (Richardson.)

(39.) R. recurvatus, Poir. Hooked Buttercup.

Eich, damp woods. Labrador. (Pursh.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.')
Shaded brook at Bass Eiver, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Beaumont,
Saint Joachim, Pied du Cap Tourmonte, Q. (Brunei.) Montreal Moun-
tain and Eastern Townships, frequent. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) More abun-
dant westward throughout Ontario and disappearing at the Lake of the
Woods. (Macoun.)

(40.) R. pygmeeus, Wahl. Diminutive Crowfoot.
It. Sabinii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 17.

Labrador. (Pursh.) Moist, grassy places on the higher parts of the
Eocky Mountains, in Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Melville Island and
shore of the Arctic Sea from Long. 170° to the mouth of the Copper-
mine Eiver. (Richardson.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass,
Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Eocky Mountains, near the 49th parallel, 6,000
feet altitude. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) West
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(41.) R. LapponJCUS, Linn. Lapland Crowfoot.

Mossy woods in the eastern and central districts and from Lat 50° to
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Mountain swamps, eastern declivity of
the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.) Mossy swamps
along the base of the Porcupine Mountains, Man., swamp near St. Albert
at Edmonton, N. W. T., swamps along Little Slave Lake, N. W. T., and
in numerous swamps in northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Whale
Islands in the Arctic Sea. (Ross.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) In the spring of 1881 the Eev. J. K.
Macmorine pointed out to me a few specimens growing in a little
swamp within the limits of the town of Prince Arthur's Landing,
Thunder Bay ; this seems to be its most southern limit.

20 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(42,) R. hypcrboreus, Eottb. Northern Crowfoot.

Marshes in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 520-5I7C5. (Drummond.) Arctic
Islands. (Parry.} Norton Sound to Wainright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.)
Melville Island. (Dr. Walker.'} On both sides of Davis Strait and
Baffin's Bay. Greenland generally. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(43.) R. Hookeri, Hegel. Hooker's Crowfoot.
R. pedatifidus, Hook. Fl. I., 18.

Barren summits of the Rocky Mountains, on the eastern side of the
ridge. Lat. 52°-55.° (Drummond.)

(44.) R. nivalis, Linn. Mountain Crowfoot.
R./rigidus, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 18.

Lofty parts of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Cop-
per Mountains and Arctic Sea coast, in muddy pools which become dry
during summer, Long. 110°. (Richardson.) Arctic coast near the
termination of the Rocky Mountains, Long. 140°. (Franklin.) La-
brador. (Torr. & Gray.) Assistance Bay, south end of Cornwallis
Island. (Dr. Sutherland.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. Eschscholtzii, Watson.

E. Eschscholtzii, Scblecht. Hook. Fl. I., 18.

Near the region of perpetual snow, on the borders of streams on the
Rocky Mountains. Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn,
Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains near the
49th parallel ; and the Tsi Tsutl Mountains and Coast Range, B. C.
(Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. sulphurous, Wahl.

E. Kidphureus, Solander. Hook. Fl. I., 17.

Repulse Bay. (Dr. Rae.) Arctic Islands and Greenland. (Hooker.)
(44 b.) R. glacialis, Linn.

R. Chamissonis, Schlecht.

Fury Beach, Blwyn Inlet, Gulf of Boothia. (Capt. A. H. Markham.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(45.) R. acris. Linn. Meadow Buttercup.

Introduced. Very abundant in every part of Ontario and Quebec,
and particularly so about the Sault Ste. Marie and Garden Rivers. Quite
common in Nova Scotia, and also becoming common in the eastern
part of Manitoba. (Macoun.) Newfoundland. (J~. Bell.) Too abun-

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 21

dant in damp fields, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.') South Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. Pl.~) It -is a pernicious weed in all damp meadows
and pastures in the eastern provinces and the western part of Ontario.

(46.) R. bulboSUS, Linn. Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot.

Introduced. Pastures near Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) Eoadsides near
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(47.) R. Pennsylvanicus, Linn. Bristly Buttercup.

Moist meadows and borders of streams. Pictou, N. S. (McKay.}
Wet places, rather rar.e, in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} Gaspe",
Riviere du Loup, District of Montreal, and River Rouge, Q. ; vicinity
of Ottawa. Prescott, various places throughout central Ontario, Chip-
pewa, St. Catherines, Toronto, London, Ont. ; westward in the wooded
country to the Rocky Mountains and through British Columbia to the
Pacific. (Macoun.) North to beyond the Arctic circle. (Hooker.)

(48.) R. repens, Linn. Creeping Crowfoot.
jR. tomentosus, Poir. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 23.

Introduced. I prefer, as there is much confusion regarding this
species, to place all references to the introduced form under this name,
and the native forms as varieties. Quite common in the vicinity of
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Mr. Ami, of the Geological Sui-vey,
collected a small specimen of the true R. repens in the vicinity of
Quebec, and I detected a few in a field at Little Me"tis, Q., 1882.
(Macoun.)

Var. hispid US, Torr. & Gray.

R. hispidus, Michx. Hook. Fl. L., 19.

R. Marilandicus, Poir. Pursh. 394.

R. Schlechtendahlii, Hook. Fl. I,, 21.

R. repens, var. Marilandicus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 31.

Overflowed intervales along streams and in damp shady places.
Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) Abundant in damp shady places. (Fowler's
Cat.) Magdalen River, Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.) Riviere du Loup, Q., not
uncommon. (Thomas.) Common near Quebec. (Brunet.) Vicinity of
Montreal and Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Common at London, Ont.
(Sounders.) Common at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Gait, Ont. (Buchan.)
Chippewa and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Cold Creek, Ont. ; common
from Manitoba westward, (an upright form). (Macoun.) Banks of
rivers from the Eastern Provinces to near the mouth of the Mackenzie
River, Lat. 67°, and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific.

22 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Hooker.} Eastern declivity of the Eocky Mountains, Lat 52°-55°,
in rich soils ; plentiful. (Drummond.)

Var. nitidus, Chapman, Fl. S. States, 8.

(?) R. septentrionalis, Poir. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 25.
R. nitidus, Muhl. Hook. Fl. I., 20.

Canada. (Mrs. Percival.) A form which is probably referable to this
variety has been found at London, Ont., (Burgess.) and in the vicinity
ofOttawa. (Fletcher.}

Further information regal-ding the above forms is much needed.

(49.) R. Nelsoni, Gray. Nelson's Crowfoot.

R. recurvatus, var. Nelsoni, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 20.
R, occidentalis,Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 22; in part.

This species seems confined to the West Coast, as the only points
where detected are Vancouver Island near Victoria. (Macoun.) and
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Unalaschka. (Hooker.) Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)

Var. tenellus, Gray.

R. tenellus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 23.

Vancouver Island ; near Yale, and along the waggon road from
Clinton to Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.)

(50.) R. Californicus, Benth.

R. acris var. /?., Torr & Gray, Fl. I., 21.

R. acris, Linn. Macoun, Eeport Geol.. Survey, 1875.

Abundant in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and doubt-
less quite common. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

(51) R. occidentals, ISTutt. Western Crowfoot.

R. hifpidus, Hook. Fl. I, 19 ; in part.
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Torr. & Gray.)

Doubtful Species.

(52.) R. orthorhynchus, Hook.

Will likely be found in Southern British Columbia, or along the
coast.

(53.) R. Pallasii, Schlecht.

On the Western shores of extreme Arctic America beyond Behring's
Straits. {Hooker.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 23

6. CALTHA, Linn. (MARSH MARIGOLD.)

(54.) C. palustris, Linn. Spring Cowslip.
C. arctica, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 22.

In swamps and marshy meadows. Straits of Belle Isle. (J. Richard-
son.) Mingan and Anticosti. (Verrill.) Nova Scotia. (Ball.) Common
in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Throughout Quebec. (Brunei.)
Abundant in all parts of Ontario, and extending across through the
forest country to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Coast of the Arctic
Sea, and Melville Island. (Hooker.) Eichard's Island, at the mouth
of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Pullen.)

Var. Sibirica, Eegel.

C. integerrimii, Pursh. 390.
C. asarifolia, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 22.

C. palustris, var. parnassifolia, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 26. Also vars. flabelli-
folia and integerrima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 26.

Unalaschka and Aleutian Isles. (Hooker.*) Alaska (Rothr. Alask.)
May probably be found in Northern British Columbia.

Var. minima, Eegel.

C. biflora, DC. Hook., Fl. I., 22.

Banks' Isles, on the northwest coast. (Menzies.) Tsi Tsutl Mountains,
B. C. (Dawson.)

(55.) C. leptosepala, DC.

Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Alpine swamps in the Eocky
Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Cariboo Mountains, and
Coast Eange, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(56.) C. natans, Pall. Floating Marsh-marigold.

Creeping on the surface of deep sphagnous bogs, in the central dis-
tricts from the Eastern Provinces (?) to Lat. 60°, rare. (Hooker.)
Flowing stream twenty miles west ot Edmonton, on the Lac La Nun
road, N.W.T., 1872 ; Peace Eiver tributaries, near Fort St. John ; Methy
Eiver, near Methy Portage, Lat. 5*7°, N.W.T. (Macoun,)

7. COPTIS, Salisb. (GOLD THREAD.)

(57.) C. trifolia, Salisb. Three-leaved Gold-thread.

Low damp woods and cedar swamps. Abundant from Newfoundland
and Nova Scotia to the Eocky Mountains. Flowering according to

24 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

situation, from early in May in the more southern regions to September
in the mountains. Labrador and north to Lat. 58°. (Hooker.') Sitka
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Book. Arct. PL)

(58.) C. asplenifolia, Salisb. Spleen-wort-leaved Gold-thread.

Eich woods northwest coast. (Menzies.) Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Eich woods New Westminster, B. C. (Macoun). Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.)

8. AQUILECIA, Tourn. (COLUMBINE.)

(59.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Wild Colurrfbine.

Eocky hill sides and open woods. Northwest Arm Halifax, N. S.
(Lawson.) Falls of Montmorenci, Point Levis, Isle of Orleans, Q.
(Brunei.) Gniess rocks, Sixteen-Mile Lake, Eiver Ebuge, Q. (D' Urban.)
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common throughout Ontario
and up the Kaministiqua Eiver. (Macoun). Near Emerson, Man.
(Daw&on.) Lake Winnipeg. (Sack.) Saskatchewan Plains. (Bour-
geau.)

(60.) A. formosa, Fisch. Western Columbine.

A. Canadensis, Hook. Fl. I., 26 ; in part.

A. Canadensis var./ormoser, Watson. Macoun's Cat., No. 60.

Eich grounds and rocky slopes. A most beautiful species. Van-
couver Island ; Queen Charlotte Islands ; mainland of British Columbia
from the valley of the Fraser to Lat. 56°, western slopes of Eocky
Mountains. (Macoun and Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(61.) A. brcvistyla, Hook. Short-styled Columbine.
A. vulgaris, (?) Richards, in Frank!. Journ. 13.

Western parts of Canada. (Drummond.) As far north as Bear Lake.
(Richardson.) Clear Water Eiver, below Methy Portage, N.W.T. ; " Lake
Nipigon, chiefly near Lake Superior." (Governor McTavish.) Eocky
Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Telegraph Trail, B.C. ; Peace Eiver, at the
Eocky Mountain Portage, Lat. 56°. {Macoun.)

(62.) A. vulgar is, Linn. Common Columbine.

Introduced. — Abundant in the grounds at the Princes Lodge, Halifax
Co., and in spots along the Eailway Line, and Windsor Eoad, N.S.
(Lawson.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Escaped from gardens near
St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Eoadsides, Bolton, Q. Near Charles-
burg, Q. (McGill Coll Herb.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 25

(63.) A. flavescens, Watson. Yellow-flowered Columbine.

Eocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.} Bow Eiver Pass, in
thickets and at the base of the cliffs of the eastern range. (Macoun.)
Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Later investigations seem to prove
that this plant is a form of A. ccerulea, a species not uncommon more
to the south in the Eocky Mountains.

9. TROLLIUS, Linn. (GLOBE FLOWER.)

(64) T. laxus, Salisb. Spreading Globe-flower.

T. Americanus, Muhl. 'Hook. Fl. L, 23.
T. paMa, Salisb. Macoun's Cat., No. 57.

Alpine rivulets on the eastern declivity of the Eocky Mountains
Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Top of the Eocky Mountains, Kootanie
Pass ; Coldwater Eiver, Cascade Mountains, B. C. (Dawson.) Moun-
tains of Cariboo. (Macoun.)

10. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. (LARKSPUR.)

(65.) D. Consolida, Linn. Field Larkspur.

Escaped from gardens. Banks of the St. Lawrence, west of Prescott,
Ont. (Sittings.) Gardens, waste places, and wheat fields near Belle-
ville, Out. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(66.) D. scopulorum, Gray. Eocky Mountain Larkspur.

D. exaltatum, Hook. Fl. I., 25.

D. elatum, L. var. occidentals, Watson. Macoun's Cat. No. 65.

Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.) Abundant near
Morley, Bow Eiver ; on the Saskatchewan, as far east as Carleton, and
northward to the Peace Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan and
Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Iroquois Creek, near Fort McLeod,
B. C. (Dawson.) Youcon Eiver, Alaska ; Clear Water Lake, N. W. T.
(Governor McTavish.)

(67.) D. Menziesii, DC. Menzies' Larkspur.
D. pauciflorum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl., I. 33.

Northwest coast of America. (Menzies.) Abundant on Cedar Hill
and many other localities near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
and Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne. (Roihr. Alask.)

26 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(68.) D. variegatum, Ton-. & Gray.

D. decorum, Fisch. & Mey. Macoun's Cat,, No. 67.

Under cliffs near the waggon road, Yale, B. C. (Macoun.^) This
species has also been found in the same vicinity by Mr. A. J. Hill of
the C. P. E. staff.

(69.) D. azureum, Michx. Prairie Larkspur.
D. virescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 32.

South of Lake Winnipeg. (Dr. Houghton.') Plains near Wood Moun-
tain, N.W.T. (Daivson.) Dry slopes Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (MacounJ)
West of Rocky Mountains between Fort Youcon and Lapierre's

House, Alaska; also Fort Youcon. (Gov. McTavish, vide Lawson.)

\

II. ACONITUM, Tourn. (MONKSHOOD.)

(70.) A. Fischeri, Reich. Western Aconite.

A. nasulum, Hook. Fl. I., 26.

A. ColumManum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray., Fl. I., 34

A. nasutum, Fisch. Macoun's Cat, No. 71.

Will likely be found on the west coast. (Macoun?)

r<

(71.) A. Napellus, L. var. delphinifolium, Seringe. Mountain
Monkshood.

A. delphinifolium, DC. Lawson Ranunc, Can. 49.
A. Napellus, Linn. Macoun's Cat., No. 70.

Sledge Island on the west coast of America. (Menzies.~) Moist
mountain prairies, in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (JDrum-
mond.) Youcon River, near the Arctic circle, also between Fort
Youcon and Lapierre's House, west side of Rocky Mountains.
(Hardesty & McTavish.) Misinchinca River near Pine River Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Woods between McLeod's Lake and
Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Between Point Barrow and Mackenzie
River. (Eothr. Alask.)

12. TR AUTVETTERI A, Fisch. (FALSE BUG BANE.)
(72.) T. palmata, var. occidental is, Gray.

T. grandis, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 37.

T. occidental, Gray. Macoun's Cat., Nos. 22 and 23.

Actsea palmata. Hook. Fl. I., 26.

Northwest coast. (Menzies.~) Rich woods on the Lower Fraser,
British Columbia, a single specimen obtained in 1872. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 27

13. ACTVEA, Linn. (BANEBERRY.)

(73.) A. alba, Bigelow. White Cohosh.

A. spicata, var. alba, Linn. Michx. Fl. I., 308.
A. Americana, var. a. Pursh, 306.

Eich woods and low flats along streams. Nova Scotia. (Dr. How.}
Anticosti. ( VerrilL} New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} Throughout
Quebec and Ontario, and through the wooded country to the Coast
Eange in British Columbia.

(74.) A. spicata, Linn. var. r libra, Ait. Eed Cohosh.

A. rubra, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 28.

A. brachypetata, var. /?. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 12.

A. Americana, /?. Pursh. 366.

Common in rich woods from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the
Eocky Mountains and north to Lat. 60°. It is exclusively a forest
plant. Near Emerson, Manitoba. (Burgess.}

Var. arguta, Torrey.

A. arguta, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 36. Macoun's Cat, No. 73.

This is the British Columbian form, and extends in rich woods from
Washington Territory to Alaska. It is much taller and stouter than
the eastern form. »

14. CIMICIFUCA, Linn. (SNAKEROOT.)

(75.) C. racemosa, Nutt. Black Snakeroot.

Actsea racemosa, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 27.

Eich woods, Cayuga, Grand Eiver, Ont. (Maclagan.} Norfolk Co.,
Ont. (Dr. Nichol.) Apparently rare in the southwestern part of
Ontario.

Doubtful Species.
(75 b.} C. elata, Nutt.

Actsea cimicifuga. Hook. Fl. I., 26.

This species is mentioned in Hooker, on the authority of Pursh.
We know nothing of it.

15. HYDRASTIS, Linn. (YELLOW ROOT.)

(76.) H. Canadensis, Linn. Yellow Puccoon.

Eich, shady woods. Mirvin's Woods, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.}

28 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Township of Williams, Ont. (Saunders.)
County of Norfolk, Ont. (Dr. Nichol.') It seems wholly confined to the
western peninsula of Ontario.

16. PCEONIA, Linn. (PEONY.)

(77.) P. Brownii, Dougl. Western Peony.

P. California, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 41.

Near the confines of perpetual snow, on the sub-alpine range of
Mount Hood, Northwest Coast, 1826. (Douglas.*) Vancouver Island.
(Sot. of California, I., 13.)

II. MAGNOLIACE.E. MAGNOLIA FAMILY.

17. LIRIODENDRON, Linn. (TULIP TREE.)

(78.) L. Tulipifera, Linn. White-wood.

In rich soil throughout the western peninsula of Ontario, from
Hamilton (Logie) to the Township of Tuckersmith, Huron Co.
(Gibson.) A noble tree in the thick forest west ofrSt. Thomas, and a
beautiful object when covered with its large, tulip-shaped flowers after
the middle of June. Cultivated in Prince Edward Co. Flowers
freely.

18. MAGNOLIA, Linn. (MAGNOLIA.)

(79.) M. acuminata, Linn. Cucumber tree.

At the Falls of Niagara. (Provancher.') This tree is also introduced
in Prince Edward County, Ont., and flowers regularly.

III. ANONACE^E. CUSTARD APPLE FAMILY.

19. ASIMINA, Adans. (AMERICAN PAPAW

(80.) A. triloba, Dunal. Common Papaw.

Porcelia triloba, Per soon. Pursh, 383.
Uvaria triioba, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 45.

Rich low woods near the railway below Queenston Heights. Very

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 29

abundant on Point Pelee and in the townships bordering Lake Erie,
between that point and Amherstburgh. Doubtless not rare along Lake
Erie, but not reported. (Macoun.)

IV. MENISPERMACE^E. MOONSEED FAMILY.

2O. MENISPERMUM, Linn. (MOONSEED.)

(81.) M. Canadense, Linn. Canada Moonseed.

Low, rich woods along streams. He Je"sus, Montreal. (Brunei.)
Ottawa Co., Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Abundant in Ontario. (Macoun.)
Near Emerson, Man. (Dawson.) Lake Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)

V. BERBERIDACE^E. BARBERRY FAMILY.

21. BERBERIS, Linn. (BARBERRY.)

(82.) B. vulgaris, Linn. Common Barberry.

Escaped from gardens. New Brunswick. ( Fowler's Cat.) Newfound-
land. (^Morrison.) Point Levis, near Quebec. (Bnmet.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Borders of the Oak Hill Pond, Hastings
County, Ont. (Macoun.)

(83.) B. repens, Lindl. Rocky Mountain Grape.

B. Aqirifolium and B. nerrosa, Pursh, 219.

B. Aquifolium, Pursh. Dawson Bound. Rep., 352.

This is the Rocky Mountain species, and has been found at the east
side of the Rocky Mountains, in the Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.')
Abundant on the mainland of British Columbia, and extending north
to Stuart's Lake, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.)

(84.) B. Aquifolium, Pursh. 4. Oregon Grape.

.Z?. pitmata, Ker. Hook. Fl. I., 28.

B. Aquifolium, vars. /3. & y., Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 50.

Near to the west coast Lat. 40°-49°. (Menzies.) Nootka. (Nelson.)
Abundant in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island and up the
Fraser as far as Yale. (Macoun.)

(85.) B. nervosa, Pursh.

. Common in shady pine forests on the coast of the Pacific, having the
same range, from north to south as B. Aquifolium, but it is not found

30 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

east of the forests on the coast. (Douglas.} On Cedar Hill a few
miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island, 18*75 ; also in thickets on the
foot hills at Yale. {Macoun}

22. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. (BLUE COHOSH.)

(86.) C. thalictroides, Michx. Papoose root.
Leontice thalictroides, L. Hook. Fl. I., 29.

Gilmour's Woods in the vicinity of Quebec. (JBrunet} Vicinity
of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Found at Nashwaaks, N.B., 1881.
(Moser} Low, rich woods throughout Ontario as far west as Owen
Sound. {Macoun.}

23. JEFFERSONIA, Barton. (TWIN LEAF)

(87.) J. diphylla, Persoon. Rheumatism Boot.
/. Sartonis. Michx. Fl. I., 237.

Woods and fence corners in rich soil. Bare, Point Peter, and near
Consecon, Prince Edward Co., Ont. (Macoun.') Vicinity of Napanee,
Ont. (Rev. J. Scott} Banks of the Thames and at Cove near London,
Ont. (Saunders}

24. PODOPHYLLUM, Linn. (MANDRAKE.)

(88.) P. peltatum, Linn. May apple.

Abundant in rich soil in open woods throughout Ontario. (Macoun}
Montreal Mountain. (Brunei}

25. ACHLYS, Hook. (MAY APPLE.)

(89.) A. triphylla, DC. Western May-apple.

Northwest coast of America. (Menzies} Quite common in rich soil
near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. {Macoun}

26. VANCOUVERIA, Morr. & Decais. (BARREN-WORT)

(90.) V. hexandra, Morr. & Decais. Barren wort.

Epimedium hexandrum, Hook. Fl. I., 30.

Northwest coast of America. (Menzies} Vancouver Island. {Bot.
of California, I., 15.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 31

VI. NYMPH^ACE^:. WATER-LILT FAMILY.

27. BRASENI A, Schreber. (WATER-SHIELD-)
(91.) B. peltata, Pursh.

Hydropdtis purpurea, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 31.

Rocky Lake, N.S. (Lawson.) Grand Lake, Si. Stephen, Frederic-
ton, N. B. •(Vroom. Hay.) Point St. Charles, Montreal. (Brunei.)
Abundant in lakes and ponds, River Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.} Abundant
in lakes and slow streams throughout the northern counties of Ontario ;
Rainy Lake, andLake of the Woods.

28. NELUMBIUM, Juss. (NELUMBO.)

92.) N. lute urn, Willd. Water Chinquepin.

Cyamus pentapetalus, Pursh., 378.

Reported from Canadian waters in the Detroit River and near the
mouth of the Welland Canal. Should be looked for by collectors.

29. NYMPH/EA,Tourn. (WATER-NYMPH.)

(93.) N. tuberosa, Paine. Tuber-bearing Water-lily.

Found in all the marshes along the Bay of Quinte, and abundant in
muddy or marshy flats along Lake Ontario, from Presqu' He eastward.
Without doubt this is the Water Lily of Burlington Bay, and of the
marshes along Lakes Erie and Huron. It has been reported from
London, Ont. (Burgess), and Ottawa. (Fletcher.') It is easily distin-
guished from N. odorata by its scentlesss flowers and tuber-bearing
rhizomes. This is really the Water-lily of the Great Lakes as the true
N. odorata seems to be confined to the northern waters, both lakes and
rivers.

(94.) N. odorata, Ait. Sweet-scented Water-lily.
M. alba, Walt. Michx. Fl. I., 311.

Vicinity of Halifax and Pictou, JSTova Scotia. (Lawson & McKay.)
Ponds and lakes, St. John's County ; Grand Lake, Queen's County, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and Ontario and extend-
ing westward to the Lake of the Woods.

32 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. minor, Sims. Lesser Water-lily.

N. odorata, var. rosea. Pursh, 369.
N. minor, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 32.

In a small lake southeast of Marmora Village, Hastings, Co., Ont. ;
South Lake, Township of Snowdon, Peterboro' Co., Ont. Rare. Easily
known by its very small flowers and leaves.

30. NUPHAR, Smith. (YELLOW POND-LILY.)

(95.) N. ad vena, Ait. Common Yellow Water-lily.

Nymphsea advena, Michx. Fl. I., 311.
Nuphar Americana, Provancher, Fl. Can., 28.

Very abundant in ponds, ditches and rivers from Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario and westward by the
forest country to the Rocky Mountains, also on the Athabasca River
north of Lat. 5*7°. Caribou, Labrador. (Butler.) West Coast of New-
foundland. (J. Bell.)

(96.) N. polysepalum, Engelm. Western Pond-lily.

Swamp Creek, on the height of land between the Fraser and
McLeod's River, northern British Columbia, 18*75. (Macoun.) Lakes
near Ilgatcho Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)

(97. N. lute urn, Smith. Yellow Pond-lily.

Found during the first journey of Sir John Franklin, in the
wooded country Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) In the summer of
1881, Dr. Robert Bell gathered a few specimens which I refer to this
species in Lake Wabatongwashene, north of Lake Superior. Brome
Lake, Eastern Townships, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sitka. (Rothr.
Alaska.)

Var. - - (?) Fletcher's Fl. Ott.

This form, found in the Ottawa River, near Ottawa city, Mr. Fletcher,
after a careful examination of his specimens, and particularly the fruit,
came to the conclusion was " merely a hybrid between N. advena and
N. Kalmiana." To decide the question he sent both living and dried
specimens to Professor R. Casparry, Director of the Botanic Gardens,
Konigsberg, the highest authority on Nuphar, whose answer was as
follows : "I have not the slightest doubt but that your Nupliar is N~.
advena + Kalmiana. It is intermediate between the two, and what is
decisive is this — its pollen is very bad ; no less than 95 per cent, of the
grains in the specimens sent had no fovilla. N. advena and Kalmiana

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 33

both have very good pollen." From the above Mr. Fletcher is inclined
to believe that all our notices of N~. luteum refer to similar hybrids
between these species, and I see no reason to doubt his conclusions ;
but it is of the utmost importance that all forms of Nuphar should be
carefully collected.

(98.) N. pumilum, Smith. Small -Yellow Water-lily.

Nymphcea lutea, var. Kalmiana. Michx. Fl. L, 311.
Nuphar Kalmiana. Ait. Pursh, 369.
Nuphar lutea var. Kalmiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 58.
Nuphar luteum, var. pumilum. Gray's Manual, 57. Macoun's Cat-
No. 96.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.') In water, Woodstock, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.~) In the Matapedia Eiver, below Amqui Station, Q. (Macoun.)
Saguenay River and Lake St: John, Q. (Brunei.) Lakes and
ponds, Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.') Nation River railway crossing,
Ont. (Billings.'} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher f I. Ott.~) North shore
of Lake Superior. (Agassi-.') Black Creek, Hastings Co., Ont. ; North
River, Crow and Belmont Lakes, Peter boro' Co., Ont. ; east shore of
Rainy Lake. Rather rare. (Macoun.') River Saskatchewan. (Bour-
gedu.")

VII. SARRA.CENIACE.E. PITCHER-PLANTS.

31. SARRACENIA, Tourn. (SIDE-SADDLE FLOWER.)

(99.) S. purpurea, Linn. Pitcher-plant.

Very common in peat bogs and tamarac swamps from Labrador,
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains. North to
Bear Lake. (Richardson.}

Var. heterophylla, Torrey.

S. heterophylla. Eaton, Manual, 4 ed., 447.

In a peat bog near Ottawa. (Fletcher.') This variety seems to be
scarcely constant.

VIII. PAPAVERACE.E. POPPY FAMILY.

32. PAPAVER, Linn. (POPPY.)

(100.) P. somniferum, Linn. Common Poppy.

Introduced in gardens. Spontaneous in gardens in New Brunswick.

3

34 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Fowler's Cat.} Around dwellings, in some places escaped, Nova
Scotia. (Laivson.) In waste places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.')
Toronto. (Dr. Croft.~) Near Goderich, Ont. (Gibson.') Frequent in
old gardens in Prince Edward, Hastings and Northumberland counties,
Ont.

(101). P. Rheeas, Linn.

Corn field in vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.~) Escaped from
cultivation.

(102.) P. nudicaule, Linn. Arctic Poppy.
P. alpinum, Linn. Hook. Arct. PL, 225.

Barren grounds from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, in Lat. 69°. (Rich-
ardson.) Everywhere upon the shore of the Arctic Sea throughout the
whole breadth of the continent, and in the islands. (Parry, Franklin.')
Labrador. (Morrison.') Upon the Rocky Mountains, at a great eleva-
tion, Lat. 52°-55°. (Drummond.') S. Kootanie Pass, near the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.~) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.~)

33. PLATYSTIGMA, Benth.

(103.) P. Oreganum, Benth.

Meconella Oregana. Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 64. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 112.

Common on the grassy slopes of Cedar Hill and other similar locali-
ies near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875.

34. SANGUINARIA, Linn. (BLOOD-ROOT.)

(104.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Blood-root.

Pictou and Truro, Nova Scotia. (Lawson.) , York County, Keswick
Eidge, N.B. Said to be common at intervales above Fredericton, N.B. ;
also on the Matapedia, Q. (Fowler's Cat.} Common from Riviere du
Loup, Q. (Thomas.') Westward throughout the western part of
Quebec and Ontario. Found at one locality in Pembina Mountain,
Man. (Dawson.)

35. CHELIDONIUM, Linn. (CELANDINE.)

(105.) C. majus, Linn. Celandine.

Introduced. A garden weed at Fredericton, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 35

St. Foy's Road, Q., Three Rivers, Q. (Brunet.) Desett's Woods, near
Prescott, Oat. (Billings.') Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Montreal Mountain. (Maclagan.) Mountain side near Hamilton, Ont.,
(Buchan.) Not uncommon at London, Ont. (Saunders.) Dundas,
Ont. (Dr. Ellis.) Eoadsides Brighton, Picton, Belleville, Kingston,
and around the Carrying Place, Bay of Quinte, Ont.

IX. FUMARIACE.E. FUMITORY FAMILY.

36. ADLUMIA, Raf. (CLIMBING FUMITORY.)

(106.) A. cirrhosa, Raf. Cypress Vine.

Corydalis fungosa. Pursh, 463.
Fumaria recta. Michx. Fl. II., 51.

A sport in gardens at St. Stephen, N". B. Introduced? ( Vroom.)
Riviere du Loup, rare. (Thomas.') Temiscouata Portage, Q. (Maclagan.')
Vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (Brunei.) Vicinity of Ottawa, very abun-
dant in rocky woods. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Hamilton, Ont., rare.
(Logie.) Gore Bay, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Climbing high over
bushes and small trees in burnt woods along the River Trent, Seymour
West, Ont. ; abundant in woods east of Bellevill*, Ont. ; also at Owen
Sound, in burnt woods. Very often cultivated for ornament, and hence
often considered an introduced flower.

37. DICENTRA, Bork. (DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES.)

(107.) D. cucu Maria, DC. Dutchman's Breeches.

Fumaria Cucullaria, Michx. Fl. II., 51.
Corydalis Cucullaria,, Pursh, 462.

Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) Appearing in the early spring in rich
woods, New Brunswick. Rather rare. (Fowler's Cat.) From the Bay
of Chaleur throughout Quebec and Ontai-io to Georgian Bay in rich
woods.

(108.) D. CanadensiS, DC. Squirrel Corn.

Corydalis formosa, Pursh, 462, in part.

Corydalis Canadensis, Goldie. Edinb. Phil. Journ. VI., 330.

Dicentra eximia, v«r. /?., Hook. Fl, I., 35. Macoun's Cat., No. 105.

Truro, N.S. (Lawson.) St. Anselm and St. Thcrese, Q. (Brunei.)
Mirivin's Woods and other localities, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Mountain side west of

36 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Vicinity of Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.~) Navy
Island, Niagara Kiver. (Maclagan.) Frequent in rich, rocky- woods,
Belleville, Picton, Brighton, Owen Sound and London, Ont.

(109.) D. formosa, DC.

D. eximia, Hook. Fl. I., 35.

D. saccate, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 67.

Nootka Sound. (Menzies.} In rich woods a little above New West-
minster, B. C. Dicentra eximia was cited in Hooker's Flora Boreali
Americana as growing at Montreal, but he referred to D. Canadensis,
and Brunet's plant is very likely the same.

38. CORYDALIS,Vent. (CORYDALIS.)

(110.) C. glauca, Pursh. Pale Corydalis.

Fumaria sempervirens, Michx. Fl. II., 51.

Corydalis sempervirens. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 16.

Windsor, N. S. (How.} Northwest Arm, Halifax, and Pictou, N. S.
(Lawson.} Common throughout Quebec and Ontario and extending
to the Eocky Mountains, especially in rocky districts. Only detected
once in British Columbia, at Yale, 1875. (Macoun.) North to Lat. 64°.
(Richardson.} Point Barrow to Mackenzie Kiver. (Pullen.}

(111.) C. aurea, Willd. Golden Corydalis.

Eocky woods along the Eestigouche Eiver, Q. (Brunei.} Saguenay
Eiver and North to Lake St. John, Q. (Provancher.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Maitland -Valley, Huron Co., Ont.
(Gibson} Cockburn Island, Macleod's Harbor, Georgian Bay. (J. Sell.)
North Shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) North to Lat. 64°.
(Richardson.) Quite common in woods after the fire runs through
them and on gravelly banks of rivers. Eocky banks and sandy fields,
Seymour, Ont. ; banks of the Trent and Moira Eivers, Ont. ; Michipi-
cotin Island and Dawson Eoute, Lake Superior ; Manitoba Lake, Man. ;
Fort Edmonton, N.W.T. ; and across the wooded country to Dunvegan,
on Peace Eiver. (Macoun.)

Var. occidental is, Gray.

This variety occurs on the plains a little east of the Eocky Moun-
tains, from the Hand Hills southward to the forty-ninth parallel. In
British Columbia it is found on Vancouver Island and in numerous
places up the Fraser to Stuart Lake.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 37

(112.) C. flavula, DC. Yellow Corydalis.

Very abundant around the stone quarry on the north end of Pelee
Island ; also on Point Pelee, shore of Lake Brie. Apparently confined
to the southwest of Ontario.

Doubtful Species.

(112 6.). C. Scouleri, Hook., has been collected in Washington
Territory, and may occur in Southern British Columbia.

(112 c.) C. pauciflora, Persoon, occurs in Alaska at Norton
Sound, and may possibly be found in the northern part of British
Columbia.

39. FUMARIA, Linn. (FUMITORY.)

(113.) F. offlcinalis, Linn. Common Fumitory.

Introduced from Europe. Escaped from ballast in a few places.
Buctouche, St. Johns, &c., IS". B. (Fowler's Cat.) Quebec. (Brunei.')
Burlington Beach, Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Grounds of Queen's
College, Kingston, and as a weed in gardens, Prince Edward Co., Ont.

(MacounJ)

*

X. CEUCIFEE7E. MUSTARD FAMILY.

40. NASTURTIUM, R. Br. (WATER-CRESS.)

(114.) N. offlcinale, E. Br. Water-cress.

Sisymbrium Nasturtium. Pursh, 440.

Windsor, Newport and Truro, N.S. (How.) In the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.~) In a creek half a mile west of London,
Ont. (Saunders.) Found at Gait, Ont. (Logie.) Eivulets and in springs,
Castleton, Ont. Small brooks on Eice Lake Plains, Ont. Very abun-
dant at Campbellford and in nearly all the small brooks in the Town-
ships of Seymour, Brighton, Percy and Murray, Northumberland
County, Ont. Also abundant at Niagara, above the Falls. Ditches at
Picton and Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)

(115.) N. palustre, DC. Marsh-cress.

Sisymbrium palustre, Linn. Pursh, 440.
Camelina Barbarecefolia, DC. Hook. Fl. L, 65.

In water and wet places. Common along the St. John Eiver and
its tributaries. (Fowler's Cat.) Borders of rivulets near Lotbiniere, Q-

38 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Brunei.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Common in
moist places at Prescott, Ont, (Billings.') Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher, Fl. Ott.') Eiviere du Loup, Q. ; not common. (Thomas.)
Kingston, St. Catharines, Cayuga and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
The Dawson Eoute, and the second crossing of the Souris, Man.
(Burgess ) Goulais Point, on Lake Superior ; north end of Lake Winni-
peg ; Nelson Eiver to York Factory and Echimamish Eiver to Oxford
House. (R. Bell.) Winnipeg and Northwest Angle Lake of the
Woods. (Dawson.') Very common along the borders of streams through-
out the prairie region, as well as the margins of ponds. (Macovn.)
Eschscholtz Bay, Ounalashka; and Youcon Eiver. (Roth. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. hispidum, Fisch £Mey.

Nasturtium hispidum, DC. Torr. & Gray. Fl. L, 74. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 117.

Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In the neighborhood of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Low, wet ground about New Westminster,
B.C. (Macoun.)

(116.) N. amphibium, R Br.

•

Sisymbrium amphibium., Linn. Pursh. 440.

In watery places, about Montreal and Lake Huron. (Hooker.)
Gregory's Creek, near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Beauharnois Co., Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) In ditches at Ottawa. In ditches along the
railway west of Shannonville, also west of Belleville, Ont. ; ditches
at Fort William, Lake Superior, 1869. (Macoun.) Dartmouth Eiver,
Gaspe; Q. ; L'Orignal, Ont. («/. Bell.)

(117.) N. trachycarpum, Gray.

Very abundant on the Cypress Hills, N. W. T., in dried up pools ;
also in the bed of Maple and other Creeks north of the Cypress Hills,
1880. (Macoun.)

(118.) N. curvisiliqua, Nutt.

Sisymbrium curvisiliqua, Hook. Fl. I., 61.

N. cernuum & polymorphum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 74.

Common on the North-west Coast as far north as Lat. 48° in sandy
soils, near streams. (Douglas.) Along the Fraser a short distance
above New Westminster, B.C., 1875. (Macoun.) Near Yale. B.C.
(Hill.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 39

(119.) N. lacustre, Gray. Eiver-cress.

N. natans. Hook. Fl. I., 39.

N. natans, var. Americanwn, Gray. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 75.

(?) Cochlearia aquatica, Eaton, Manual, 181.

In water near Montreal. (G-oldie.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher,
Fl. Ott.) Near Prescott, Ont. (Provancher .) Grand Eiver and Maiden,
Ont. (Maclagan.) Kamsay, Ont. (J. Sell.) Very abundant in the still
waters of the Trent between Heely's Falls and Hastings village, and in
great profusion in the Trent at Meyersburg above the bridge over the
Percy Creek, Ont. ; also at^Port Dover on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

(120.) N. Armoracia, Pries. Horse Radish.

Armoracia ntsticana, Rupp. Wood., Bot. & Fl., 41.

Introduced. Wastes near gardens, Quebec. (Brunei.) Not uncom-
mon near London. Ont. (Burgess.) Waste places where rubbish is
deposited in and around Belleville, Ont. ; Canada Southern Railway near
Amherstburgh, Ont., and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Oft.)

41. DENTARIA, Linn. (PEPPER-ROOT.)

(121.) D. diphylla, Michx. Krinkle Root.

Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Kent Co., and near Fredericton, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Riviere du
Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Throughout Quebec and Ontario to Lake Superior.

(122.) D. laciniata, Muhl. Purple-flowered Tooth-wort.

Low grounds of the river St. Francis, Q., rare. (Brunei.) Beechwood,
near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common in rich woods near
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Mountain west of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Pentanguishene, Ont. (Richardson.) Chippewa, Navy Island, and
Maiden, Ont. Maclagan. Ameliasburgh, P. E. County, Ont., and
near Amherstburgh, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

(123.) D. tenella, Pursh. 439.

D. tenuifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 46.

Northward to Vancouver Island and Lower Fraser River, B. C.
(Lyall.) In low rich ground, vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)

Doubtful Species.

C. heterophylla is reported from Hamilton by Mr. Buchan, Prin-
cipal of Trinity College, Toronto, and D. maxima, from Gait, by

40 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Judge Logie, but as both these species have been included in
D. laciniata,T. consider the above references to apply to it, No. 128
of my Catalogue (1878) refers to the same polymorphous species.

42. CARDAMINE, Linn. (BITTER-CRESS.)

(124.) C. rhomboidea, DC. Spring-cress.

Arabis rhomboidea, Pers. Pursh., 437.

C. rotundifolia, var. a., Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 83.

Pictou and Truro, N. S. (McKay & Lawson.) Wet meadow at
Stinson's Saw Mill on the Moira near Belleville ; also in a wet boggy
wood at Amherstburgh, Lake Erie. (Macoun.} Wet places, common
at London, Ont. (Burgess.} flalt, Ont, (Miss Crooks.) Maiden, Out,

(Maclagan.)

(125.) C. rotundifolia, Michx. Mountain Water-cress.
C. rotundifolia var. y., Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 83.

In a piece of rich ground within the limits of Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) In a springy wood at Billings Bridge, near Ottawa.
(Fletcher.)

Var. purpurea, Torr.

C. rotundifolia, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 44.

C. rotundifolia var. /?. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 83.

Beauharnois Co., Q. ; vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Quite common in the vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Wet, shady woods, London, Ont. (Burgess.} Rocky Mountains, Lat,
52°-57°, and thence to Hudson's Bay in the same latitude. (Drummond.)

NOTE. — Much confusion exists regarding the last three forms, and
botanists are earnestly requested to collect all varieties wherever
found. The roots are particularly desirable.

(126.) C. bellidifolia, Linn. Dwarf Water-cress.

Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drummond.) Through-
out Arctic America sparingly. (Richardson.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arcl. Fl.)

(127.) C. purpurea, Cham. & Schlecht

Possibly this species occurs in the northwestern part of British
Columbia, as it is not rare in Alaska,

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN

(128.) C. angulata, Hook. Fl. I., 44.

In rich soil around Victoria, Vancouver Island, and near New West-
minster, B.C. This is the 0. paucisecta of my Catalogue, 1878.

(129.) C. pratensis, Linn. Ladies' Smock.

C. digitata (?) Eichards. Frankl. Journ., 15.

"Wet, swampy meadows, Labrador. (Brunet.) St. Patrick, Charlotte
Co., N. B. (Vroom.) Near Ottawa and Prescott Railway; vicinity of
Prescott Junction ; also three miles south of Ottawa. (Billings.')
Wet meadows and swamps, Hastings County, Ont. (Macoun.) Near
Millgrove, Ont. (Logie.) Shore along Lake Burwell, Lambton Co, Ont.
(Gibson.*) Whiskey Island, Georgian Bay. (,/. Bell.) Hudson's Bay.
(Drummond.) Throughout Arctic America. (Richardson.') East coast
of Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) The
Canadian form is usually more slender than the European, and always
white flowered.

(130.) C. hirsuta, Linn. Small Bitter-cress.

C. Pennsylvania, Muhl. Pursh, 240.

Very abundant in rivulets and around springs, from Nova Scotia to-
the shores of the Arctic Sea and west to the Pacific. Eastern forms are
readily distinguished from western ones, but are scarcely different
enough to found a variety upon. A peculiar form grows on the height
of land west of Lake Superior, which seems to connect the species with
the following variety : —

Var. sylvatica. Gray, Manual, 67.
Cf- Virginica, Michx. Pursh, 439.
C. hirsuta, var. Virginica, Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 80.
C. sylvatica, Gray- Macoun's Cat., No. 12(5.

Dry rocks close to Shannonville station of the G. T. R., Ont., 1864.
(Macoun.) Rocks at the Montmorenci Falls, Quebec. (Brunei.)
Found at Gait, Ont. (Logic.) Jones' Falls, near Owen Sound. (Mac-
lagan.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.)

(131.) C. oligosperma, Nutt. Ton-. & Gray Fl. L, 85.

In low, wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. Appar-
ently common. (Macoun.)

43. ARABIS, Linn. (ROCK-CRESS.)

(132.) A. lyrata, Linn. Lyre-leaved Rock-cress.

Sisymbrium arabidoides. Hook. Fl. I., 63.
Common on the banks of rivers from the Eastern Provinces to Lat.

42 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

68°. {Richardson, ,) London and on the sands at Sarnia, Out. (Burgess.)
At the Whirlpool, Niagara Falls. (Buchan.) Abundant on Point Pelee,
Lake Ei-ie ; from the Sault Ste. Marie to Pic Eiver, Lake Superior;
Lake of the Woods. McLeod's Lake, B. C. (Macoun.)

(133.) A. petrsea, Lam. Eock-cress.

Cockburn Island, Lake Huron ; York Factory. (R. Sell.) Crevices
of rocks about five miles north of Michipicotin Harbor, Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Iltasyouco Eiver, B. C. (Dawson.) Throughout Canada,
extending westward to the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 55°-56°, and to the
islands of the Polar Sea. (Hooker Fl. /., 42.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PI.)

(134.) A. petraea, var. ambigua, Eegel.

A. ambigua, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 42.

Sandy and grassy places on the shores of the island of Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) In grassy places by brook sides near Yale, B. C., May
16th, 18*75. It is desirable to obtain this in fruit, as there is some
uncertainty about the position of the species.

(135.) A. hirsuta, Scop. Hairy Eock-cress.

Turritis ovata. Pursh, 438.

A. sagittata, DC. Buchan in Hamilton List. 12.

A. rupestris, Nutt. Torr. &. Gray Fl. I., 81.

Turritis patula, PI. Bourgeau, 263 in part.

A. Gerardi, var. borealis. Macoun's Cat., 136.

Eel Eiver, Eestigouche ; on rocks, Portland, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.)
Collected in Madawaska, JST.B. (Hay.) Common on river banks and
amongst rocks from Gaspd to the Pacific, and north to Lat. 68°. Sitka
and Ounalashka. (Both. Alask.)

(136.) A. Holboellii, Hornem.

Turritis patula, Graham. Hook. Fl. I., 40.

(?) Turritis mollis. Hook. Fl. I., 40.

Streptanthus angustifolius et virgatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 76.

(?) Arabis sparsiflora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 81.

Very abundant in the sparsely wooded country from Manitoba west-
ward, and through the valleys of the Eocky Mountains to British
Columbia, being abundant both at Spence's Bridge and in the neighbor-
hood of Victoria. A variety with very short stems and very hairy
root-leaves, occurs in the Bow Eiver Pass, also on the highest summits
of the Eocky Mountains about Lat. 55°, according to Drummond. It
extends north to Lat. 68° and shores of the Arctic Sea, Long. lO^-lOO0.
(Hooker.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 43

(137.) A. retrofracta, Graham.

Turritis retrofracta. Hook. Fl. L, 41.

Portage du Fort, Ottawa Eiver. (Gibson.) Hudson's Bay to the
Kocky Mountains, and from the Eastern Provinces to Lat. 68° at the
Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.*) Sereno Watson, in his Botanical
Index, unites this with the preceding, but I am led to agree with
Hooker and consider it distinct, on account of its refracted flowers and
pods and its different habitat.

(138.) A. Drummondii, Gray.

Turritis stricta, Grab. Hook. Fl. I., 40.

Turritis glabra var. ft. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 78.

(?) Turritis spathulata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 78.

Eel River, Eestigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Prairies of the
Eocky Mountains, Lat, 52°-5(5°. (Drummond.) Abundant on the
rocky banks of streams throughout Quebec and Ontario, and west-
ward to the Pacific, both on the prairie and in the forest. A fine
species, and very distinct.

Var. brachycarpa, Gray.

Turritis brachycarpa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 79.

On the sandy spit at the mouth of the Magdalen Eiver, Gaspe", 1882.
West of Touchwood Hills, N. W.T. ( Macoun.)

(139.) A. Lyallii, Watson. Lyall's Tower-mustard.

A. Drummondii, var. alpina, Watson.

(?) A. microphylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 32.

This species was found by Dr. G. M. Dawson in 1875, near the 49th
parallel, at an attitude of 7,000 feet, and in the summer of 1881 he
again found it near the same locality.

(140.) A. perfoliata, Lam. Smooth Tower-mustard.

Turritis glabra, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 40.

Turritis macrocarpa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 78.

Montreal Mountain. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of Ottawa.-
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Amherstburgh and islands in Detroit Eiver.
(Maclagan.) Whiskey Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Counties of
Hastings and Northumberland, Ont. ; abundant at Port Stanley,
Ont. ; Owen Sound, Lake Huron ; shore of Lake Superior and
fifteen miles up the Kaministiqua. (Macoun.) Hudson's Bay to the
Eocky Mountains and as far north as Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Occasion-
ally on the Great Plains ; at Fort Assiniboine, on the Athabasca, west
of Slave Lake ; northern British Columbia. (Macoun.)

44 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(141.) A. Isevigata, Poir.

Turritis Isevigata, Muhl. Pursh. 438.

A. lieterophylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 81.

Rocky woods along streams. North shore of the St. Lawrence above
Quebec. (Barnston.) Yicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Valley
of the Riviere aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.) London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) On rocks, Heely's Falls, Seymour,
Co. Northumberland ; on Gibson's Mountain, P. E. County ; Laurentian
rocks, Shannonville ; Royston Park, Owen Sound ; and Port Stanley,
Lake Erie, also Queenston Heights. (Macoun.)

(142.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Sickle Pod.

A. falcata, Michx. Fl. I., 31. Pursh. 437.

Dry rocky ravines and hill sides. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Bosanquet Township, Lambton
Co., Ont. (Gibson.) Vicinity of London and Toronto. (Burgess.)
Laurentian rocks at Shannonville, Hastings Co. ; hill sides in rear of
Picton, P. E. County ; woods near Fenelon Falls, Victoria Co. ; abun-
dant in Talbot's Woods, near Port Stanley, and in the woods from
Niagara Falls to Queenston, Ont. (Macoun.)

(143.) A. alpina, Linn. Mountain Cress.

In Labrador. (Colmaster.) Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler.)
Along the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence 13 miles below the mouth
of Ste. Anne des Monts River ; up that stream about twenty miles from
its mouth, and very abundant in a small brook descending from the
northern face of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe", 1882.
(Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(144.) A. Stricta, Huds.

Labrador. (Colmaster vide Pursh.)

44. BARBAREA, R. Br. (WINTER-CRESS.)

(145.) B. vulgaris, R. Br. Yellow Rocket.

Four-mile House near Halifax, and Pictou, N. S. (Lawson &
McKay.) A weed at Richibucto, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity
of Quebec. (Brunei). Harbor Grace, Nfld. ; sea shore, Murray Bay, Q. ;
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) On rocks along the Lovers'
Walk, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

The above references may principally apply to an introduced form.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 45

Var. arcuata, Koch. Western Winter-cress.

. Barbarea vulgaris, K. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 39.
B. prcecox. R. Br. Macoun's Cat., No. 141.

Quite common in wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.} Dean's Inlet, B. C. (Dawson.~) Sitka and Norton Sound.
(Roth. Alask.y

Var. stricta, Eegel. Common Winter-cress.
Barbarea prcecox, K. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 39.

Mississagui Island, south side of St. Joseph's Island, Whiskey and
Cockburn Islands, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.} Queenston Heights ; Owen
Sound Bay ; Chicken Bay, east shore of Lake Huron ; north shore of
Lake Superior from the Sault Ste. Marie to Thunder Bay ; shore of
Eed Deer Lake, Manitoba ; Edmonton on the Saskatchewan ; Peace
Eiver valley. (Macoun.) Banks of rivers ; abundant from the eastern
provinces to Lat. 68°. (Drummond.}

45. ERYSIMUM, Linn. (TREACLE-MUSTARD.)

(146.) E. cheiranthoides, Linn. "Worm-seed Mustard.

Moist ground along streams, on dry ridges and prairies, in gardens
and cultivated fields from the vicinity of Ottawa to the Pacific.
(Macoun.} Throughout Canada, and in all the plains east of the Rocky
Mountains to Lat.67° on the Mackenzie. (Hooker.')

(147.) E. asperum, DC. Prairie Eocket.

A very prominent object on dry, gravelly soil throughout the prairie
region. It extends northward about sixty miles beyond Carleton, on
the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.}

(148.) E. parviflorum, Nutt.

E. lanceolatum, Hook. Fl. L, 64.

E. asperum var. inconspicuum, Wat- Macoun's Cat., 143 var.

Not so abundant as the preceding, but has been collected at Fort
Ellice; west of Touchwood Hills ; at Long Lake; Cypress Hills, near
Fort Walsh ; Hand Hills ; and at Morley, N. W. T. ; also on the dry
hills between Spence's Bridge and Cache Creek, B. C. (Macoun &
Hill.} On the Belly and Milk Rivers, N. W. T.; Nicoamen, B. C.
(Dawson.}

(149.) E. orientals, E. Br.

Introduced with ballast. Ballast heaps, Eichibucto. Apparently
naturalized in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.}

46 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

46. SISYMBRIUM, Linn. (HEDGE-MUSTARD.)

(150.) S. offlcinale, Scop. Hedge-mustard.
Erysimum officlnale, Linn. Pursh, 430.

An introduced and unsightly weed found in all cities, towns and
villages throughout Ontario and the eastern provinces.

(151.) S. linifolium, Nutt,

S. junceum, Hook. Fl. L, 61. Macoun's Cat., No. 146.

In some abundance along the Thompson Eiver below Spence's
Bridge, B. C., 1875. (Macoun & Hill.}

(152.) S. sophioides, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I., 61.

S. Sophia var. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 1(5.

York Factory on Hudson's Bay ; to the shores of the Arctic Sea, west-
ward of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Hooker.) Along Nelson Kiver near
York Factory. (R. Sell.') Lake Winnipeg. (Back.)

(153.) S. Sophia, Linn. Flaxweed.

Introduced from Europe. On the sand bar at the mouth of Magdalen
Eiver, Gaspe, 1882. (Macoun.) Borders of fences near Quebec.
(Brunei.) Montreal. (Maclagan & Holmes.*) East Street, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings')

(154.) S. canescens, Nutt. Tansy-mustard.

Cardamine (?) multifida, Pursh, 440.
S. Sophia, Pursh, 440 ; not Linn.

In the low grounds, Lat. 50°-60°. (Richardson.) Plentiful about
the Saskatchewan and Eed Eivers. (Douglas.) In the Eocky Moun-
tains and about Fort Franklin, Lat. 66.° (Drummond.) Very common
throughout the prairie region, and extending to Peace Eiver. Common
in the dry interior of British Columbia. S. incisum, Engelm. is included
in the above references.

Var. brachycarpum, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 92.

S. brachycarpum, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 16. Hook. Fl. I., 62.

I take this to be the forest form and the one which is found both
East and North. St. Helen's Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.) Whiskey
Island, Lake Huron. (J.Bell) Point Pelee, Lake Erie ; Little Current,
Georgian Bay. North shore of Lake Superior at the Pic Eiver, and
quite frequent in the mixed forest and prairie to the Eocky Mountains.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 47

(155.) S. incisum, Engelm. var. Hartwegianum, Watson.

S. canescens, Benth. PI. Bourgeair; 254 in part.
(/) S. canescens, var. brevipes, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 92.

This species has been confounded with $. canescens until a recent
date, and hence Bourgeau is found to include it with S. canescens. I
have found this species to bo the common form on the southern plains
west of Moose Jaw Creek, N. W. T., and in the dry interior of British
Columbia.

Var. fllipes, Gray Fl. Fendl, 8.

This form gathered at Yale, B. C., is identical with one found by
Lyall on the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Macoun &
Hill.)

Collectors are requested to preserve complete specimens of the four
forms mentioned above.

(156.) S. acutangulum, DC.

A native of southern Europe. Naturalized in California and brought
from thence to the vicinity of New Westminster, British Columbia.
This species is No. 145 of my catalogue.

(157.) S. humile, C. A. Meyer.

Eocky Mountains, Lat 52°-57°. (Drummond.) About the Mackenzie
Eiver, Lat. 60°-68°. (Richardson.')

(158.) S. salsugineum, Pall.

Turritis diffusa, Hook. Fl. I., 41.
Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)

47. BRASSICA, Tourn. (TRUE MUSTARD.)

(159.) B. Sinapistrum, Boiss. Wild Mustard.
Sinapis arvensis, Linn. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 99.

Introduced from Europe. A vile weed in cultivated fields and waste
grounds from New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario.
Between Brighton and Toronto, on the line of the G-. T. E.. many fields
during June are quite yellow with the flowers of this pest. Its seeds
retain the power of germination for a long time, and after it once gets
a footing on the soil years must elapse before the ground is freed from
them.

48 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(160.) B. alba, Gray. White Mustard.

Sinapis alba, Linn. Gray-, Manual I., Ed. 38.

Escaped from gardens in a few places in New Brunswick. (Fowler's
Cat.) In a few localities around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In
vicinity of Quebec. (Brunei.)

(161.) B. nigra, Koch.

Sinapis nigra, Linn. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 99.

Introduced from Europe. Halifax and Cumberland Co., N. S. (How.)
Rare near dwellings and on ballast. (Fowler's Cat.) Gardens and
waste places, Quebec. (Brunei.) Streets of Prescott. ( Provancher.)
Around Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) In fields below Matane, Gaspe,
Q. In old gardens and around barns and manure heaps in the
Counties of Prince Edward and Hastings, and around Amherstburgh,
Ont. (Macoun.)

(162.) B. campestris, Linn.

Introduced from Europe. Common in fields in Manitoba and around
Winnipeg ; also at Victoria, B. C.

48. CHEIRANTHUS, R. Br. (WALLFLOWER.)

(163.) C. asper, Cham. & Schlecht.

C. capitatus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 38.

Erysimum grandiflorum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 96 and 667.

Common at Puget Sound. (Douglas.) To be looked for in the
southern part of British Columbia.

(164) C. pygmceus, DC. Dwarf Wallflower.

C. Pallam, Pursh, 436. Hook. Fl. L, 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 71.
Hesperis pygmsea, Hook. Fl. I., 60.
Hesperis minima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 90.
Hesperis Pattasii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 666.

On the northwest coast of America. (Pallas.) Bear Lake and
thence to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound and Cape Lisburne. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

49. PARRY A, R. Br. (ARCTIC ROCKET.)
(165.) P. nudicaulis, Regel. Vars. glabra and aspera, Eegel.

Cardamine articulata. Pursh, 439.

P. macrocarpa, R. Br. Hook. FL L, 47. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 88.

Found during the second Arctic Land Expedition, and then only by

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 49

Capt. Sir John Franklin and Capt. Back, to the west of Mackenzie Eiver.
Frequent on the shores of Kotzebue Sound and the adjacent coast.
(Hooker.')

(166.) P. arctica, K. Br. Arctic Parrya.

On the eastern Arctic Islands. (Parry, ) Shores of the continent of
Arctic America, eastward of the Mackenzie River. (Richards.}

(167.) P. arenicola, Hook.

Eutrema arenicola, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 67. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 112.

Peep sand upon the shores of the Arctic Sea, between Long. 107° and
150°. (Richardson.')

50. HESPERIS, Linn. (GARDEN ROCKET.)

(168.) H. matronalis, Linn, Sweet Rocket.

Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Shores of Luke Huron. (Dr. Todd,
vide Hooker.) Spontaneous in many old* gardens and along old fences
in Prince Edward County and at Belleville. Ont. Hooker's reference
to Lake Huron can only apply to a garden escape.

51. DRABA, Linn. (WHITLOW-GRASS.)

(169.) D. alpina, Linn. Alpine Whitlow-grass.

From Lat. 60° on the Rocky Mountains, to the shores of the Arctic
Sea,and on the islands adjacent, where it principally abounds. (Hooker.)
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) On limestone mountains in the Bow
River Pass. (Macoun.) Kotzebue Sound. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. hebecarpa, Limlb. (Hairy-podded variety.)
D. alpina, var. /?., Hook. FL I., 50.

Summit of Stuart Lake Mountain, B. C., 1875 ; top of Mount
Selwyn, Peace River Pass, Lat. 56° ; Bow River Pass, Lat. 5 1°.
(Macoun.) Summit Camp, Pine Pass, 2,850 feet, Lat. 55°. (Dawson).
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. algida, Regel.

D. algida, Adams. Hook. Fl. L, 50.
D. pauciflora, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 51.

Sea coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. (Richard-
son.) Melville Island. (Sabine.) Barrow River. (Parry.) West of

4

50 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

the Mackenzie along the coast. (Simpson.') Island of St. Lawrence.
(Rothr. Alask.~)

Var. glacialis, Dickie.

D. glacialis, Adams. Hook. Fl. I., 51. Macoun's Cat. No. 159.

D. oligosperrna, Hook. Fl. L, 51.

D. densl/olia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 104.

Bocks on the loftiest of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drum-
mond.) Rare on the shores of the Arctic Sea ; summit of a limestone
hill, Mackenzie River, Lat. 68°. (Richardson.} Bow River Pass.
(Macoun.) Summit of S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Cape Lisburne.
Assistance Bay, and Garry Island. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. (?) micropetala, Durand.
D. micropetala, Hook. Fl. I., 52.

Sea coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers. (Ricliard-
son.)

Var. (?) corymbosa, Durand.

D. corymbosa, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 52.
D. alpina var. A, Hook. Fl. I., 50.

Labrador. (Brunei.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Capt. Ross.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(170.) D. stellata, Jacq. Hook, Fl. I., 53.

Unalaschka and Kotzebue Sound. (Torr. & Gray, I., 105.)

. Var. nivalis, Regel.

D. muricella, Wahl. Hook. Fl. I., 52. Macoun's Cat. No. 156.

Labrador. (Colmaster.) Arctic Shores of America. (Parry.)
Wooded country, Lat. 54°-64°. (Ricliardsfm.') Stuart Lake Mountain,
B.C. (Macoun.) Wainwright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. hebecarpa, DC. Hook. Fl. L, 53.

Arctic America. (Richardson.') Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka, and
Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)

• Var. Johannis, Regel.

? D. Ixvipes. DC. Hook. Fl. I., 53.
D. stellata. • Macoun's Cat. No. 160.

Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Dnimmond.) Bow River Pass ; top
of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass; Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C.

(Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 51

(171.) D. hirta, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 52.

D. oblongata, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 52.

Arctic and subarctic America as well as upon the Eocky Mountains ;
frequent. Sea shores between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers.
(Richardson.) Igloolik and Barrow Rivers. (Parry.) Back's Great
Fish River. (Bark.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(172.) D. rupestris, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 53.

B. hirta, var. 4. Hook, in Parry's Second Voy., 336.

Rocky Mountains, in stony places, Lat. 52^-57°. (Drummond.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(173.) D. androsacea, Wahl.

D. Lapponiea, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 53.

D. hirta, var. 3, Hook, in Parry's Second Voy., 386.

Table-Topped Mountain, Gaspe", Q. (0.' D. Allen.) Shores and
islands of the Ai-ctic Sea. (Ross, Parry.) Mellville Island. (Torr. &
Gray.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(174.) D. crassifolia, Gray. Hook. Fl. L, 54.
Summits of the Kooky Mountains Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.)

(175.) D. incana, Linn. Hook.Fl. L, 54.
D. glabflla, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 54.

Labrador. (Pursh.) Vicinity of Montreal. (Provanr.her.) Churchill
and Nelson Rivers. (R. Bell.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnipegoosis.
Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Margins of rivulets in
the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drumm-nd.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

Var. conf usa, Poir. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 107.
D. confusa, Ehrh. Hook. Fl. L, 54.

Nashwaaksis, New Brunswick. (Moser.) Common along the Gaspe
coast. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, from Lat. 52° ; and northward
in the plains, nearly to the mouth of the Mackenzie River. (Drummond,
Richardson.*) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

Var. boreal is, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 107,

D. borealis, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 55.

D. Unalaschkima, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 55.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Along the Nechacco River
and numerous places along the Telegraph Trail between that river and
Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Eliguck Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Garry,
St. Lawrence and Ounalashka Island. (Mothr. Alask.)

52 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(176.) D. arabisans, Michx. Fl. II., 28.

D.glabella, Pursh, 434. Hook. Fl. I., 54 in part.
D. Gmadensis, Brunet. PI. Can. I., 22.

Gasne Basin and along the Gaspe coast from Capo Hosier to Little
Metis. (Macoun.) Crevices of rocks at St. Joachim. Cape Tour-
ment, Q. (Brunet.) Lake Champlain. (Michaux.) Near Fenelon
Falls, Ont. (Dr. Cowdry.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi?.)

(177.) D. aurea, Vahl. Hook. Fl. I., 55.

Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Top of
Stuart Lake Mountain, B. C. ; Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass.
(Jfacoun.) Eliguck Lake, B. C. (Dawson.). Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

(178.) D. nemorosa, Linn. var. «., leiocarpa, Lindb.
D. lutm, Gilib. Hook. Fl. I., 55. PI. Bourgeau, 254.

Low grounds from Lat. StT-GG3. (Drummond.) On dry sand hills
and banks, Michipicotin, Lake Superior. Abundant in many places on
the western plains, especially at Fort Ellice; Manitoba House, Lake
Manitoba. (Macoun.) Cascade Mountains on Skagit River, B. C.
(Dawson.)

Var. ,i, hebecarpa, Lindb.

D. nemoralis, Ehrh. Hook. Fl. I., 55.
? D. muralis, Hook. Fl. I., 56.
D. lutea var. longipes, Hook, in Lon. Journ. Bot., 671.

About Montreal. (Cleghorn.) About Rainy Lake and in the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.') North-west coast of America. (Douglas.)
Quite common around Victoria, Vancouver Island ; in profusion at
Yale and along the Wagon road to Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) Dean's
Harbor, B. C. (Damson.)

(179.) D. Carol iniana, Walt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 109.

D. hispidula, Michx, Fl. II., 28. Pursh, 433.
? Arabis reptans, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 83.

On limestone rocks, Ox Point near Belleville; also on rocks west of
Albert College and at the Ferry House opposite Belleville ; Grape
Island and the Carrying Place at the head of the Bay of Quinte ; also
in a stone quarry near the Canada Southern Railroad station at
Amherstburg, and on Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

(180.) D. hyperborea, Desv.

Alyssum hyperboreum, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 49.
Cochlearia spathuhtla, Sclilocht. Hook. Fl. L, 57.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 53

On the west coast of America. (Pursh.) Aleutian Islands of St.
George and St. Paul, Lat. 56°-57.° (Chamisso.)

Var. siliquosa, Gray in Herb.

CocMearia siliquosa, Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 57.
Eocky places in Ounalashka. (Herb. Willd.)

(181.) D. verna, Linn. Spring Whitlow Grass.

Erophila vulgaris, DC. Hook. Fl. I. ,56.

Probably introduced from Europe. Fields and hill sides in the neigh-
borhood of Quebec. (Brunei.) Cape Tourment, Q. (Provancher.)

52. COCHLEARIA, Tourn. (SCURVY-GRASS.)

(182.) C. offlCinallS, Linn. Officinal Scurvy-grass.

C. Grcenlandica, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 110.

C.fenestrata, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I;, 57. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 109.

C. oblongifolia, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 56. Torr. & Gray, Fl., I., 109.

Labrador. (Brunei, .) Islands of St. Lawrence and Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Lay.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow
and Assistance Bay. (Bothr. Alask.) Arctic shores. Whale Islands.
(Parry.) Coast to the westward of Mackenzie Eiver. (Franklin &
Bach.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Ross.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

(183.) C. Anglica, Linn. English Scurvy-grass.

Shores of the Arctic Sea from east to west. Observatory Inlet.
(Scouler.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) East of Mackenzie
Eiver and Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(184.) C. Danica, Linn. Danish Scurvy-grass.

Arctic Shores, North Somerset. (Parry.) Westward of Mackenzie
Eiver. (Franklin & Back.) Kotzebue Sound and Assistance Bay.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(185.) C. tridactylites, Banks.
Labrador. (Banks.) Cape Charles, Labrador. (Brunet.)

53. ALYSSUM, Tourn. (ALYSSUM.)

(18G.) A. calycinum, Linn.

Abundant along roadsides near London, Out. (Burgess.) Very
abundant around Brock's Monument, Queenston Heights, Ont., 1882.
(Macoun.)

54 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

54. VESICARIA, Lam. (BLADDER-POD.)

(187.) V. Ludoviciana, DC. Western Bladder-pod.
1 V. arcticu, PI. Bourgeau, 254.

Abundant in the valley of the Qu'Appclle in sand about a mile above
its junction with the Assiniboine; on hills west of Moose Mountain,
and sand hills near Gull Lake, N.W.T. (Maeoun.} Dry hillsides near
Badger Creek, N.W.T. ; Similkameen Valley, B. C. (Dawson.}

(188.) V. arctica, Eichards. Arctic Bladder-pod.

V. arctica, var. ft. Hook. Fl. I., 48.

V. arenosa', Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 26.

Island of Anticosti, Q. (Shepherd in Torr. & Gray.} Chiefly confined
to the Arctic shores and islands eastward of the Mackenzie Eiver ; on
a hill 700 feet high at Bear Lake Eiver. (Richardson.') Greenland.
(Hook Arrt. PL}

(189.) V. alpina, Nutt. Alpine Bladder-pod.

Quite abundant on gravelly knolls on the top of the Cypress Hills,
N.W.T. (Macoun.} Along Bell}- Eiver. (Dawson.}

55. PHYSARIA, Nutt. (MOUNTAIN BLADDER-POD.)

(190.) P. didymocarpa, Gray.

Vt'sicaria didymocarpa. Hook. Fl. I., 49. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 102.

Growing in deep sand upon the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°.
(Drwnmond.} Rocky Mountains, near the 49th parallel, in gravel.
(Dawson.} Rocky Mountains. {Bourgeau.} On shingle at the base of
the mountain at the entrance to Bow River Pass. (Macoun.}

56. CAMELINA, Crantz. (FALSE FLAX.)

(191.) C. saliva, Crantz. False Flax.

Introduced from Europe. Found sparingly in cultivated fields and
along railways from Nova Scotia to Manitoba and British Columbia.

57. BRAY A, Sternb. & Hoppe.
(192.) B. alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe., var. Americana.

Hook. FL I., 65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 55

Alpine rivulets among the Kocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (Drum-
mond).

(b.) Var. glabella, Watson's Index.

B. glabella, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.
Platypetalum purpurascens, R.Br. Hook. Fl. I., 66. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.
P. dubium, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 66. Torr. &. Gray, Fl. I., Ill;
B. arctica, Hook, in Parry's Second Voy., 387.

Arctic America ; on the Copper Mountains, and principally on the
shores of the sea between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Rivers.
(Richardson.) Arctic whores and islands of America. (Ross.) Melville
Island. (Sabine.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)

(193.) B. Eschscholtziana, Benth. & Hook.

Oreas involucrala, Cham. Hook. Fl. I., 67.

Aphragmus Eschsclioltzianus, Andrz. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 112.

Among loose stones, on the high alpine mountains of the island of
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Will possibly be found in northern British
Columbia.

(194.) B. pilosa, Hook. Fl. I., 65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 111.

Found only on the shores of the Arctic Sea, at the mouth of the
Mackenzie Eiver, Lat. 70°. (Richardson.)

58. EUTREMA, R. Br.

(195.) E. EdwardsM, R Br. Hook. Fl. I., G7. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
I, 112.

Draba (?) Ixvigata, Cham. & Schlcht. Hook. Fl. I., 54. Torr. <& Gray,
Fl. I., 106,

Arctic sea shore and islands; coast eastward of the Coppermine
Eiver. (Richardson, Back.) Great Fish Eiver. (Sack.) Island of
St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

59. SUBULARIA, Linn. (AWL-WORT.)

(196.) S. aquatica, Linn. Gray, Manual, 73.

Found in about 3 feet of water, on sandy bottom in Vermilion Bay,
on Eagle Lake, C. P. E., Dawson Eoute. Abundant, both in flower and
fruit, Septr. 13, 1882. (Fletcher.)

56 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

6O. CAPSELLA, Vent. (SHEPHERD'S PURSE.)
(197.) C. Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Gray, Manual, 73.

Tlilaspi Burfia-pastoris, Linn. Pursh., 435.

An introduced weed that is found in profusion wherever there is cul-
tivation from the Atlantic to the Pacific. South Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PI.}

(198.) C. divaricata, Walp.

Hi/mi"itololius divaricatu*-, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 117.
H. flrfctus, Nutt. Macoun's C1at., No. 186.

Near Oregon Jack's, above Spence's Bridge, B.C., 1875.

61. THLASPl, Tourn. (PENNY-CRESS.)

(199.) T. arvense, Linn. Mithridatc Mustard.

Naturalized from Europe. Abundant in many parts of Quebec;
scarce in Ontario ; but a real pest in Manitoba and around all the
Hudson Bay Co. Posts in the North-west Territoiy. This weed- has
attracted much attention already in Manitoba.

(200.) T. alpestre, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 114.

T. montanum, Hook. Fl. I., 58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 113.
T. cochleariforme, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 58. T«rr. & Gray, Fl. I., 113.
Shores of the Arctic Sea to the westward and eastward of the Mac-
kenzie .River, (franklin £ Back.}
• —

62. SMELOWSKIA, C. A. Meyer.

(201.) S. calycina, C. A. Meyer.

ITutcMmia calycimi, Desv. Hook. Fl. I., 58. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 114.

On the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-57°. (J)rummond.) Kocky Moun-
tains, in the Bow Eiver Pass. (Bourgeou.) Summit of South Koo-
tanie Pass. (Dawson.} Kotzebuo Sound and Cape Kurzenstern.
(Rothr. AlasL]

63. LEPIDIUM, Linn. (PEPPER-WORT.)

(202.) L. sativum, Linn. Pepper-grass.

Escaped from cultivation. On waste heaps, Ste. Anne des Monts,
Gaspe, Q. Frequent close to old Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Man.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 57

(203.) L. ruderale, Linn.

Introduced. Windsor and Sidney Bar, N.S. (How.*) Spreading from
ballast heaps, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Roadsides Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.)

(204.) L. campestre, R. Br. Field Pepper-grass.

Introduced. Vicinity 'of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Clifton, near
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)

(205.) L. Menziesii, DC. Western Pepper-grass.

L. Cali/ornicum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 115.

Common on rocks bordering on the sea at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(206.) L. intermedium, Gray.

L, ruderale, Kichards. in Frankl. Journ. 1C. Hook. Fl. I., 68. Torr. &

Gray, Fl. I., 115.
L. Menziesii, var. /?., Hook. Fl. I., 69.

This species and L. Virginicum have been, so much confused that
very little reliance can be placed on the stations given for the latter.
Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Lake Temiscamingue, 1870. (J. Richardson.) Very common in many
parts' of Hasting-*, Northumberland and Prince Edward counties,
Amherstburgh and Pelee Island, Ont. ; Little Current, Georgian Bay ;
and very abundant from Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains
on Peace River. Spence's Bridge and along the Thompson to Lytton,
B.C. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 523-56°. (Drummond.)

(207.) L. Virginicum, Linn. Virginia Pepper-grass.

Introduced from the South. Roadsides, Cape Soute, Q. (Brunei.)

Old Citadel Hill, Montreal. (Holmes.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)

Roadsides, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Huron County, Ont. (Gibson.)

Roadsides near Meyersburg, Northumberland County, Ont. (Macoun.)

(208.) L. Draba, Linn. Gray, Manual, 74.
Roadsides near Barrie, Ont, (Spotten.) This is likely a garden escape.

64. SENEBIERA, DC. (WART-CRESS. SWINE-CRESS.)

(209.) S. Coronopus, Poir. Swine-cross.

Introduced in ballast. Spreading in ballast from St. John. N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) On the wharf, Gaspe Basin, Q. (J. Bell.)

58 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(210.) S. didyma, Pers. Wart-cress.

Cochlearia humifusa, Michx. Fl. II., 27.

Coronopus didymus, Pursh, 435.

Senelnera pinnatifida, DC. Torr. & Gray; Fl. I., 114.

Introduced in ballast. Newfoundland. (McGrill Coll. Herb.) Spread-
ing from ballast at St. John, KB. (Foivlers Cat.) On the wharf at
Basin, Q. (J. Bell.)

65. CAKILE, Tourn. (SEA ROCKET.)

(211.) C. Americana, Nutt, American Sea Eocket.

C. maritima, Pursh, 434.

C. edentula, Hook. Fl. I., 59.

C. maritima, var. Americana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 119.

Common along the shores of the Maritime Provinces, on the shores
of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and on many beaches along the river.
Along the shores of the great lakes at intervals from Kingston to
Thunder Bay.

66. RAPHANUS, Linn. (RADISH.)

(212.) R. Raphanistrum, Linn. Wild Kadish.

Introduced from Europe. Annapolis, N.S. (McKay.) A trouble-
some weed at Frcdericton, N.B., and a few other places. (Fowler's
Cat.) Barrie, Lake Simcoe, Ont. (Buchan.)

(213.) R. sativus, Linn. Garden Eadish.

Spontaneous on waste heaps and frequent around market gardens.
Seldom remains more than two years.

t
67. THELYPODIUM,Endl. (PURPLE ROCKET.)

(214.) T. pinnatifldum, Watson.

Hesperis (?) pinnatifida, Michx. Fl. II., 31.
Chieranthus hespmdoides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 72.
Arabis hesperidcrides, Gray, Manual, 68.

Found at Montebello, on the Lower Ottawa, around springs, June,
1881. (R. B. Whyte.) This species is far out of its' range and may
have been introduced.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 59

68. THYSANOCARPUS, Hook.

(215.) T. curvipes, Hook. Fl. I, 69.

T. degans, Fisch. & Meyer. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 118
T. pulchellus, Fisch. & Meyer. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 118.

Abundant on dry hill sides in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island, 1875.

XL CAPPARIDACEyE. CAPER FAMILY.

9

69. CLEOME, Linn. (CLEOME. SPIDER-FLOWER.)

(216.) C. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 122.
C. serrulaia, Pursh. 441. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 121.

On dry saline soil from Woody Mountain, along the 49th parallel to
the Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on many dry clay soils
throughout the Great Plains. A beautiful flower and well worthy of
cultivation.

(217.) C. lutea, Hook. Fl. L, 70.

C'. aurea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. 1., 122.

Common in North-west America! (Douglas.) This species ought to
be found in southern British Columbia.

70. POLANISIA, Raf. (POLANISIA.)

(218.) P. graveolens, Raf. Heavy-scented Polanisia.
Cleome dodecandru, Michx. Fl. II., 32. Pursh, 441.

St. Helen's Island, Montreal. (Holmes.) St. John's, Q. (McGrill
Coll. Herb.} Lake Champlain. (Bigeloir.) Border of Lake Ontario
at Kingston. (Brunei.) Burlington Beach, Hamilton ; common.
(Logie.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGrill Coll.. Herb.) Maiden,
Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Abundant on the sands at Niagara town,
Out. Common on the shores of Long Lake, near Last Mountain, and at
Gull and Island Lakes, north of the Cypress Hills, KW.T. (Macoun.)
Wood End, Souris River, N.W.T. (Daicson.)

00 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

XII. CISTACE^B. EOCK-ROSE FAMILY.

71. HELIANTHEMUM, Tourn. (ROCK-ROSE.)
(219.) H. Canadense, Michx. Fl. I., 308. Frost-weed.

H. ramvttflorum, Michx. Fl. I., 307.
H. rosmarinifolium, Pursh, 304.
H. corymbosum, Pursh 303.

Dry,, sandy, or gravelly soil, east of Belleville; very common on
Eice Lake plains ; St. James' Cemetery, Toronto ; vicinity of London.
Ont. ; Pointe-aux-Pins, Lake Superior ; Fort Francis, Eainy Eiver.
(Macoun.) Gait, Ont. (.Mas Crooks.') Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.)
S^ndy plains of the Eiviere aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) Last reference doubtful.

72. HUDSONIA, Linn. (HUDSONlA.)

(220.) H. tomentosa, Nutt. Downy Hudsoniana,
H. ericoides, Richards, in Frankl. Journ.. 11.

Sandy shores of lakes and rivers. Northwest Arm near Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Abundant on Kouchibouguac beach, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Anticosti and St. Laurent, Q. (Brunei.} Port Colborne, Lake Erie.
(McCrill Coll. Herb.) Pointe-aux-Pins, Montreal and Sandy Islands,
Lake Superior; Fifteen-Mile Point, Eainy Lake, and Hungry Hall,
entrance to the Lake of the Woods ; sand hills west of Fort Pitt,
N. W. T. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to as far north as Slave Lake,
in several places. (RicJiardson.)

(221.) H. ericoides, Linn,
McNab's Island, Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)

73. LECHEA, Linn. (PINWEED.)

(222.) L. major, Michx. Greater Pinweed.
L. villosa, Ell. Hook. Fl. I., 72.

Dry woods in sterile soil. Sandy woods a mile south of Port Dover
Junction, Canada Southern Eailway, Ont. (Macoun.) Near London,
Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 61

(223.) L. thymifolia, Pursh. Thyme-leaved Pinweed.

On Goat Island, Grand Lake. Now Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
(224.) L. minor, Walt. Lesser Pinweed.

Dry sandy fields and open grassy woods. Kouchibouguac beach, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Three Eivers, Q. ; and Sandwich, Out. (Mac lagan.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Not common at London. (Saun-
ders.) Riviere aux Sables, Lambton Co., Ont. (Gibson.) West of
Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) Bay of Quinte, near Picton ; Rice Lake
Plains; Heely's Falls, Northumberland Co.; rare east of Belleville;
sandy woods, Gull Lake, Addington Co. : St. Norah's Lake, eighty-four
miles north of Lindsay. Ont. ; St. James' Cemetery, Toronto ; Pointe-
aux-Pins, Lake Superior ; Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Route. (Macoun.)
North side of Lake Winnipeg. (Drum-mono1.)

XIII. VIOLACE/E. VIOLET FAMILY.

74. IONIDIUM, Vent. (GREEN VIOLET.)

(225.) I. concolor, Benth. & Hook.

Viola concolor, Forst. Pursh, 175.

Solea concolor, Ging. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 144.

Noisettia acuminata, DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 136.

Near London, Ont., 1882. (Burgess.)

75. VIOLA, Linn. (VIOLET. HEART'S EASE.)

(226.) V. rotundifolia, Michx. Round-leaved Violet.

Cape Terry, N.S. (How.) Near Brome Lake and other localities
in the Eastern Townships. (Me Gill Coll.' Herb .)

(227.) V. lanceolata, Linn. Lance-leaved Violet.

Marshy meadows and by streams. On the shore at Rothsay, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Halifax and Annapolis, N. S. (McKay.) Muskoka
Lake, Ont. (Burgess.) In rear of St. Mary's Village, Sault Ste. Marie.
Lake Superior, 1869. (Macoun.) About Lake Huron. (Todd.)

(228.) V. primulaefolia, Linn. Primrose-leaved Violet.

Damp soil and wet meadows. St. Andrew's, N.B. (Vroom.) Riviere
du Loup, Q. ; not uncommon. (Thomas.) Reported by others from
Quebec, but localities not given.

62 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(229.) V. blanda, Wiild. Sweet White Violet.
V. clandestine!,, Pursh, 173. Hook. Fl. I., 77.
V. obliqua, Pursh, 172, not Ait.

Very abundant in damp, mossy places from Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia to British Columbia, and north on the Mackenzie to Fort
Franklin. There are many forms of this species which require careful
study, and possibly two species may be found under one name.

(230.) V. renifolia, Gray. Kidney-leaved Violet.

Dry cedar swamps and rich woods in ravines. Too often confounded
with the preceding species, though with a different habit, having much
larger and very pubescent leaves, which often become two inches across
in summer. It is abundant in all our cedar swamps and mossy woods,
and extends into British Columbia.

(231.) V. biflora, Linn.

Eeported from the Arctic Coast. A species which seemed to accord
with this was detected near Stuart Lake, B.C., in 1875.

(232.) V. odorata, Linn. English Sweet Violet.

Escaped from gardens, N.S. {McKay.} Escaped from cultivation
at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.}

(233.) V. palustris, Linn. Marsh Violet.

Wet swamps, amongst moss. Mount Albert, Gaspe, Q. (0. D.
Allen.} One mile west of Prince Arthur's Landing, Dawson Eoad,
Lake Superior, 1872. (Macoun.) Near Oxford House, north of Lake
Winnipeg. (R. Bell.) From Vancouver Island to the forks of Peace
Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) This species is easily distinguished from
V. blanda by its pale lilac flowers and articulated rhizoma.

(234.) V. Selkirkii, Pursh. Great-spurred Violet.

Clifton, on the Kennebecasis, N.B. ( Wetmore.) Near Half Moon
Lake, St. John. St. Francis Eiver, N.B. (Hay.*) Damp and shady
soil. Vicinity of Windsor, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Hilly ground
about Montreal. (Goldie.} Island of Montreal. (Holmes.} Gate Lake,
Wentworth Township, Q. ( _D' Urban.) Eividre du Loup, Q. ( TJiomas.)
Dartmouth Eiver, Gaspe". (J. Bell.) Ste. Anne des Monts, Eiver,
Gaspe*. (Macoun.} McLeod's Harbor, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.)
Walkerton and Owen Sound. (Buchan.) Woodstock, Ont. (Burgess.)

(235.) V. cucullata, Ait. Common Blue Violet.

Wet meadows, or borders of brooks in woods. Very common from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. This species needs to be carefully examined,
as there are many varietal forms in the north and west.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 63

Var. cordata, Gray, Manual, 78.

V. villosa, Walt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 138.
V. sororia, Willd. Pursh, 173.

Dry rocky hillside under poplars near the paper mill, Belleville, Ont.
Var. palmata, Gray, Manual, 78.

V. palmata, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 74.

V. septemloba, La Conte. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 137.

Swamps and low grounds, western Ontario. Damp woods near
Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.)

(236.) V. sagittata, Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet.

V. primulifoKa, Pursh, 173, not Linn.

V. dentata, Pursh, 172.

V. ovata, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L, 76.

Dry, sandy and gravelly fields, woods, copses, and pastures, rather
rare. Xun's Island, Berthier, Q. (Holmes.} Lorettc, Stansfeld, Q.
(Provancher.) Jones' Falls, Eideau Canal; and Aniherstburg, Ont.
(Jlaclayan.) Sandy fields near Belleville; Eice Lake plains, Ont.;
commo" around Toronto; at Port Dover Junction, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)

(237.) V. pedata, Linn. Bird-foot Violet.

V. dujitata, Pursh, 171.

V. pinna ta, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 6.

Common throughout Manitoba as far west as Brandon and north to
Manitoba House, on Manitoba Lake. (Macoun.) As far north as Lat.
53° on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Near Emerson and Pembina
Mountain. (Dawson.)

(238.) V. Langsdorffii, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I., 77.
Island of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Since found in Alaska. (Rothrock.)

(239.) V. striata, Ait. Pale Violet.

V. deUlis, Michx. Fl. L, 150.

V. ochroleuca, Schwein. Hook. Fl. I., 77.

Eich low grounds along streams. Very abundant in the valley of a
small stream on the Canada Southern Eailway, a few miles east of
Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.) Common near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(240.) V. canina, Linn. Var. sylvestris, Eegol. Dog Violet.
V. debilis, Pursh, 174, not Michaux.
V. Muhlenbergii, Torr. Hook. Fl. I., 78.

Borders of brooks and damp shady woods. Common from the Atlantic
to the Pacific. (Macoun.) South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

64: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. rupestris, Eegel. Mountain Violet.
V. Muldenbergii vars. fl & y. Hook. Fl. I., 78.
Prairies among the Rocky Mountains, rare. (Drummond.)
Var. adunca, Gray. Western Dog Violet.

V. adunca, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 79.

V. longipcs, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 140.

On dry prairies or dry soil generally. Frequent on the western plui us,
especially south of Battleford. The common Dog Violet of British
Columbia. All the forms of this species need careful examination.

(241.) V. rostrata, Muhl. Long-spurred Violet.

Montreal Mountain. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.) Rocky woods and shaded
hillsides. Reported in various places throughout Ontario, from Ottawa
to Owen Sound.

(242.) V. CanadensiS, Linn. Canada Violet.

Rich woods from Newfoundland and Quebec to British Columbia.
Throughout Ontario it is very abundant, and in the forest country
north of the great prairie it is quite frequent. (Macoun.) Near Wood-
stock, N.B. (Chalmers.')

(243.) V. pubescens, Ait. Downy Violet.
V. Pennsylvanica, Michx. Fl. II., 149.

Rich low woods from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick, throughout Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba House and Lake
Manitoba. Hooker says it extends to the mountains, but I have never
detected it outside of Manitoba.

Var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 80.

Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) This seems to be the
common form at Belleville. (Macoun.)

Var. scabriuscula, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 142.

Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Damp, clayey soil near Am-
herstburg, Ont. (Macoun.) Collectors might endeavour to define the
limits of the three forms.

(244.) V. glabella, Nutt. Western Yellow Violet.
V. striata. Hook, in Lond. Journ. Bot., 6.
V. biflora, var. Sitchensis, Regel. Rothr. Alask., 444.

Rich moist woods from Yale to McLeod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
Drew's Harbor and Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.) Rich woods near
Yale, also at Port Moody, B.C., 1883. (Hill.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS: 65

(245.) V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 80.

Vancouver Island near Victoria, also in numerous places up the
Fraser along the wagon-road, B.C. (Macoun.') Close to Yale, B.C.
(Hill.')

(246.) V. Nuttallii, Pursh, 1*74.

On dry soil from near Winnipeg to Carl ton and Edmonton on the
Saskatchewan. This species seems local in its distribution.

Var. proemorsa, Watson.

V. lingufffolia. Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 141.

Abundant in open grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.

(Macoun & Hill.}

(247.) V. tricolor, Linn. Var. arvensis, (ring. Pansy Violet.

V. tricolor, Pursh, 175.
V. tenella, Muhl. Cat. 25.

In a field at Ottawa. (Fletc/ier.) Very abundant on dry rocky
ground near the stone quarry at the north end of Pelee Island, Ont.,
1882. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Provancher.)

Doubtful Species.

One specimen of a remarkable violet was sent from British Columbia,
by J. A. Hill of the C. P. E. staff, which may possibly be the rare V.
biflora. Not being able to find a description of this species, I am unable
to identify it satisfactorily.

DESCRIPTION. — Stems apparently two-flowered; flowers yellow or
cream color ; leaves short, tapering into the petiole which is winged,
scabrous on both sides, but especially on the prominent veins ; margins
crenate, slightly scabrous ciliate ; stipules membraneous, acute, slightly
ciliate at the tip ; sepals white margined and ciliate.

XIV. POLYGALACE.E. MILK-WORT FAMILY.

76. POLYCALA, Tourn. (MILK-WORT.)

(248.) P. incarnata, Linn.

Dry rocky soil. Kooky places on the Niagara Eivcr, near the Falls.
(Douglas, 1823.) Not detected by later collectors.

5

66 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(249.) P. sanguinea, Linn.

P. purpurea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 127.
P. viridcscens, Linn. Pursh, 465.

Sandy and moist ground. Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Point Peleo,
Ont. (Burgess.} Dry ground, vicinity of Hamilton, and Prince's Island,
Ont. (Logie & Buchan.)

(250.) P. verticillata, Linn.

Dry gravelly or sandy soil. Boucherville Island, Eiver St. Lawrence.
(Holmes.) Vicinity of Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Between
Sandwich and Amherstburgh, Ont. (Douglas.) On the Canada
Southern Railway, north of the Great Western Crossing, Queenston
Heights. (Macoun.)

(251.) P. Senega, Linn. Seneca Snake-Eoot.

Rocky soil, and sandy woodlands. Aroostook Falls and Tobique
Narrows, Victoria Co., N.B. (Hay & Wetmore.) From the vicinity of
Ottawa (Fletcher), throughout Ontario and westward across the plains
to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(252.) P. polygama, Walter, 179.

P. rubella, Willd. Pursh, 464.

Dry sandy soil. Dutch Village, N.S. (Sommers.) Rice Lake Plains;
sand hills along the Humber near Toronto. (Macoun.) Woods in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)

(253.) P. pauciflora, Willd.

P. uniflora, Michx. Fl. II., 53. Hook. Fl. I., 87.

Dry or moist sandy soil, generally in pine woods. Fredericton
Junction, N.B. (Bailey.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.) Near St.
Louis Dam, Ottawa. (H. Ami.) Davie's Locks on the Rideau Canal
near Kingston. (Maclagan.) Komoka, near London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Near Lake Medad, Ont. (Logie.) Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J.
Bell.) Abundant in the County Northumberland at Trenton, Wooler,
Murray Town hall, Castleton, and Colborne ; banks of the Humber
near Toronto; Port Dover Junction, Ont.; Point aux Pins and Kam-
inistiqua River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains.
(Bourgeau. [?] .)

Excluded Species.

Poly gala fastiyiata, said to have been found by Judge Logie at Hamil-
ton, and P. Nuttallii mentioned as occurring in the same neighborhood
by Mr. Buchan, are included in P. sanguinea.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

(u

XV. CAEYOPHYLLACE.E. PINK FAMILY.

77. SILENE, Linn. (CATCH-FLY. CAMPION.)
(254.) S. stellate, Ait.

Cucubalus stettatus, Linn. Miclix. Fl. I., 271.

Wooded banks. Dry stony places on the Niagara Eiver. (Douglas,
1823.) Not detected lately.

(255.) S. inflata, Smith. Bladder Campion.
Cucubalus Behen, Liun. Michx. Fl. I., 271.

Introduced into meadows and waste places. Miramichi, Eichibucto,
and Edmunton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Extremely abundant in all old
clearings throughout the Gaspe" Peninsula and rather common in Que-
bec, scarce at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Neighborhood of Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.') Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.) L'Orignal, Pi-es-
cort, Co. Ont. (J. Bell.)

(256.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 88.

To be looked for in Southern British Columbia.
(25Y.) S. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. I., 88.

To be looked for in Southern British Columbia.
(258.) S. antirrhina, Linn. Sleepy Catchfly.

Common amongst rocks and on sandy soil. Vicinity of Ottawa
(Fletcher), throughout Ontario, and westward across the plains to
Vancouver Island. It has never been reported from any point east of
Ottawa.

(259.) S. Virginica, Linn. Fire Pink.

Open woods. Lake Huron. (Todd.) Islands in Detroit Eivcr.
(Maclagan.) Confined to southwestern Ontario.

(260.) S. Armeria, Linn. Garden Catchfly.

Occasionally spontaneous in gardens, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Spon-
taneous in some gardens at Belleville and near Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Arnprior, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Pentanguishene on the Georgian Bay.
(Todd.)

68 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(261.) S. noctiflora, Linn. Night-flowering Catchfly.

Introduced sparingly into fields und gardens. A weed in gardens,
N.S. (Lawson.) A rare weed in cultivated grounds, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) Frequent in cultivated grounds Quebec and Ontario, also at
Winnipeg, Manitoba.

(262.) S. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 90.

S. slettarioides, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 193.

Belly Elver, N.W.T. (Burgess.) Vancouver Island near Victoria ;
Blackfoot Crossing of Bow Kiver; Cypress Hills at Fort Walsh; at a
salt spring near the mouth of Red Deer Kiver, at the head of Lake
Winnipegoosis, N. W. T. (Macoun.) North-west coast of America.
(Menzies.) Woods near Port Moody, B. C. (Hill.) Portage D'Em-
barras, Slave River. (Richardson.)

(263.) S. acaulis, Linn. Moss Campion.

St. Paul's Island, and Cape Breton Island. (McKay.) Top of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe, Q. (Macoun.) Coast of Lab-
rador. (Butler.) Throughout the whole of Arctic and Subarctic
America, and from Labrador to Behring's Straits. (Hooker.) Elevated
parts of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Kootanie
Pass near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass; Mount
Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B. C.
(Cowley.) Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Youcon River banks.
(Eothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Excluded Species.

Silene Pennsylvania is mentioned in Hooker's Fl. I., 90, as occurring
on rocky islands on the north side of Lake Erie, but ho states that he
had not seen the specimens. As S. Virginica has been found in the
same vicinity, if not in the very same locality, I consider the latter
species as the one meant.

78. LYCHNIS, Tourn. (LYCHNIS, COCKLE.)

i
(264.) L. apetala, Linn.

Labrador. (Morrison.} At Fort Norman, near the Arctic Circle.
(Richardson.) Abundant everywhere beyond the Arctic Circle and as
far west as Behring's Straits. (Hooker.) On the more elevated parts
of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52D-56°. (Drummond.) Bow River Pass ;

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 69

on Mount Sehvyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson's
Bay. (B.Bell.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) Gulf of Boothia. (Back.')

Var. glabra, Eegel.

L. apetala, PL Bourgeau, 255.
Bow Eiver Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

(265.) L. elata, Watson. (New Species.)
Silene Scouleri, PL Bourgeau, 255.

Found by Lyall somewhere on the International boundary on the
western side of the Eocky Mountains. In the summer of 1881, Dr. G.
M. Dawson obtained a number of fine specimens at the summit of the
Kootanie Pass on the east side of the Mountains. Bow Eiver Pass.
(Bourgeau.}

(266.) L. alpina, Linn.

West coast of Newfoundland. ( McGill Coll. Herb.} Labrador. (Mor-
rison.} Ungava Bay, Labrador. (Barnston.} Very abundant on the
top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe". (Macoun.} Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(267.) L. Drummondii, Watson.

Silene Drummondii, Hook. Fl. L, 89.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Very abundant on dry
gravelly ridges from near Fort Ellice to the Eocky Mountains, N.W.T.

(268.) L. Cithago, Lam. Corn-Cockle.

Agrostemma GitJiago, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 92.

Common in wheat-fields as a pernicious weqd. Wherever wheat is
cultivated this weed is found in abundance.

(269.) L. vespertina, Smith. Evening Lychnis.

A weed in a few gardens and wraste places. Annapolis, N.S. (Hmv.}
Saint Stephen, N. B. (Vroom.) Scarcely established in Ontario.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Township of Stanley, Huron
Co., Ont. (Gibson.)

(270.) L. dioica, Linn.

L. diurna, Linn. Wood. Bot. & Fl., 54.

Introduced in Nova Scotia at Kentville. (Lawson.} Vicinity of
Ottawa, (Fletcher. Fl. Ott.) East Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(271.) L. Flos-cuculi, Linn. Eagged Eobin.
Campbellton, New Brunswick. (Chalmers.) Doubtless introduced.

70 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(272.) L. afflnis, Vahl.

Melandrywn involucratum, var. ajfine, Rohrb. Watson. King's Rep. V.,
431.

Greenland and Labrador. ( Watson.')

79. DIANTHUS, Linn. (PINK. CARNATION.)

(273.) D. Armeria, Linn. Deptford Pink.

Introduced into the waste ground between Niagara Falls and the
Canada Southern Eailway. (Macoun.)

(274.) D. alpinus, Linn. var. repens, Regel.
D. repens, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 87.

Bayof Eschscholtz. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Beechy.) Norton
Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Youcon River banks, (fiothr. Alask.)

80. SAPONARIA, Linn. (SOAPWORT.)

(275.) S. officinalis, Linn. Bouncing Bet.

Introduced into gardens and escaped into waste places along lanes
and garden fences. Twelve-mile House near Halifax, N.S. (JJawson.)
Queensbury Parsonage, N.B. {Bailey.) Montreal Mountain, Lachine
and St. Andrews, Q. (McGrill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Very common along roadsides
in Hastings, Prince Edward and Northumberland Counties, Owen
Sound and St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.)

(276.) S. Vaccaria, Linn. Common Cow-Herb.

• Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. Gray, Manual, 88. Macoun's Cat., No. 242.

Introduced along railways and rarely in cultivated fields. In waste
lots in Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) In gardens and waste places at
Belleville and Owen Sound, Fort Francis, Rainy Lake and around
Winnipeg. Fort Walsh, Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)

81. ARENARIA, Linn. (SANDWORT.)
(277.) A. capillaris, Poir, var. nardifolia, Regel.

A. nardifolia, Ledeb. Hook. Fl. L, 98.

A.formosa, Hook. Nos. 254, 258 & 260, Macoun's Cat.

Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Cascade, Kootanie, and

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 71

Eocky Mountains. (Lyall.) Eocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Mountain behind the hotel at Spence's Bridge, B. C.
(Macoun.)

(278.) A. congesta, Nutt., var. sub-congesta, Watson.

On gravelly slopes about the centre of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
Along Belly Eiver, N.W.T., 1881. (Dawson.)

(279.) A. arctica, Stev.

A. land/olio,, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 98.

Abundant on top of Mount Albert, Shickshoek Mountains, Gaspe, Q.
(Macoun.) Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson. .) Tzi-tzult Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.}

Var. breviscapa, Eegel.

A. arctica, var. /?. grandiflora, Hook. Fl. I., 100.
A. Pumilio, R.Br. Hook. Fl. I., 100.

Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) On one of the islands in
Hecla and Fury Straits. (Ross.) Kotzebue Sound to Cape Lisburne.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(280.) A. biflora, var. obtusa, Watson.

A. arctica, var. stenopetala, Hook. Fl. L, 100.

A. arctica, var. y (obtusa), Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 181.

Coast west of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.) Top of Eocky
Mountains in the Kootanie Pass. (Dan-son.)

(281.) A. verna, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 99.
A. juniperina, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 98.

Cape Charles and Amour Bay, Labrador. (Brunet.) Labrador and
Newfoundland. (Pursh.) On Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspe". On Percd Mountain and Perc6 Eock, Bay of Chaleur. (Macoun.)
Between Norway House and Cumberland House. (Richardson.) Bow
Eiver Pass, Eocky Mountains. On the Nechacco Eiver at the Ford,
and Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) York Factory. (Bell.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. hirta, Watson. King's Eept. V., 41.

A. hirta, Wormsk. Hook. Fl. I., 99.

A. propinqua, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 99. Macoun's Cat., No. 255.

Petite" Portage, Gaspe", on rocks. (<7. Bell.) Pcrce Mountain and
Perc6 Eock, Bay of Chaleur; also top of Mount Albert, Shickshock
Mountains, Gaspe. (Macoun.) Barren grounds north of Lat. 54° to the

72 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Summits of the Bocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Bow Biver Pass. (Bourgeau.) Cypress Hills, N.W.T. ; Stuart
Lake Mountain, B.C., and Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.)
Along the western shores of northern Alaska. (Roth)'. Alask.)

Var. rubella, Hook.

A. quadrivahns, R.Br., in Parry's 1st Voy., 271.
A. rubella, Hook. Fl. I., 100.

Top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.)
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Summits of the Bocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

(282.) A. stricta, Fenzl.

A. Rosm, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 100. Macoun's Cat., No. 253.
A. uliginosa, Schleich. Gray, Proc. Phil. A cad, 1863.

Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.) Upon the summits of the Bocky
Mountains, Lat. 54°-57°. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selw3Tn, Peace
Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Top of the Bocky Mountains; Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(283.) A. pungens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 179.

Top of the Eocky Mountains, in the S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
(284.) A. Michauxii, Hook.

A. stricta, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 99. Macoun's Cat, No. 250.
Alsinc Mic.lmuani, Fenzl. Gray, Manual, 2cl Ed., 1858.

Eocky, gravelly and sandy soil. North to the shores of the Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) McLeod's
Harbor, Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Near London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Huron County. (Gibson.) Common on limestone soil at
Belleville; Point Pelee, Lake Erie; Eed Bay, Bruce Peninsula, Lake
Huron; Pic Eiver, north-east coast of Lake Superior; Lake of the
Woods; Valley of the Qu'Appelle at Fort Ellice; Dunvegan, Peace
Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeau.)

(285.) A. macrocarpa, Pursh, 318.

North-west coast of America. (Pursh.) Chamisso's Island and Island
of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) North-west coast of Alaska. (Rothr.
AlasJc.)

(286.) A. ten el la, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 179.

Dry rocky soil near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

This species is referred to on page 99 of Hooker's Flora as having

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 73

been collected on the Columbia by Scouler. Hooker includes it in A.
Michauxii.

(287.) A. Greenland ica, Spreng.

Alsine Grcenlandica , Gray. Matthew, PI. Acad., 8.

Labrador. (Torr. & Gray.) Tadoussac, north shore of St. Lawrence.
{Burgess.) Greenland. {Hook. Arct. PL)

(288.) A. serpyllifolia, Linn. Thyme-leaved Sandwort.

Introduced, though apparently indigenous. Halifax, N.S. (Jjawson.)
Labrador. (Brunei.) Sea shore at Riviere du Loup, Q., on sandy
places. (Thomas.) Common around London, Ont. (Saunders.') Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common in Hastings and North-
umberland Cos. ; rear of Picton, Prince Edward Co. ; Owen Sound and
Amherstburgh, Ont. (Macoun.) Hamilton, Out. (Buchan.)

(289.) A. lateriflora, Linn. Broad-leaved Sandwort.

A. buxifolia, Poir. Hook. Fl. L, 101.

Stellaria biflora, Pursh, 317.

Moehringia lateriflora, Fenzl. Gray, Man., 2nd Ed. 1858.

Very abundant from Nova Scotia, particularly on sandy soil or in
swampy ground, to Vancouver Island, and north to Lat. 60°.

(290.) A. macrophylla, Hook. Fl. I., 102.

In shady woods, North-west America, and banks of the Saskatche-
wan. (Douglas.} Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

(291.) A. peploides, Linn. Sea-side Sandwort.

Honkenya peploides, Ehrh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 17(i.

Along sea shores everywhere, from the Bay of Fun<ly to Beh ring's
Straits. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

Var. oblongifolia, Watson.

A. peploides, var. major, Hook. Fl. L, 102.
Honkenya oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 176.

Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.) Sitka, also Behring's Straits. (Cha-
misso.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr.
AlasJc.)

(292.) A. physodes, DC. Prod. I., 413.

Stellaria ovalifolia, Hook. Fl. L, 97.
Merckia physodes, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I., 103.

Frequent on the sandy sea shores of the Bay of Bschscholtz. (Cha-
misso.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow, (Eothr. Alask.)

74 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Excluded Species.

Hooker on page 101 of his Flora of North America mentions A.
fasciculata, Pursh, as occurring in Canada. There is no doubt but that
the plant intended is A. Miflhauxii, as the leaves of that species are
always in fascicles in the axils of the branches.

82. STELLARIA, Linn. (CHICKWEED STAR-WORT.)

(293.) S. media. Smith. Common Chickweed.
Holosteum succulentum. Linn. Pursh. 90.

Introduced into all garden grounds from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(294.) S. longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Stitch wort.

Spergulastrum gramineum, Michx. Fl. L, 276.

Micropetalon gramineum, Pers. Pursh, 320.

Stellaria graminea, Bigel. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 10.

Grassy places ; quite common from Nova Scotia to the Pacific Coast.
It is a northern species and delights in grassy margins of woodland
brooks. (Macoun.) Woody country from Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)
Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (Hothr. Alask.)

(295.) S. borealis, Bigel. Northern Stitchwort.

Spergulastrum lanceolatum, Michx. Fl. L, 275.
Micropetalon lanceolatum, Pers. Pursh, 320.

Very common in mud on brook margins and in open swamps from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north to Fort Norman in Lat. 65°.
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

Var. alpestris, Gray, Manual, 93.

Stellaria alpestris, Fries.

S. brachypetala, Bong. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 186.

S- borealis, var. corollina, Fenzl. Macoun's Cat., No. 274.

S. longifolia, PI. Bourgeau, 255 in part.

S. gracilis, Richards. Macoun & Gibson.

Pie Island, Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, growing in tufts close to
the water, 1869. At Yale, B. C. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan Plains.
(Bourgeau.) Sitka. (Torr. & Gray.)

(296.) S. calycantha, Bongard. Torr. and Gray, Fl. I, 186.
This species is referred to S. borealis by Sereno Watson in his Index

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 75

to American Botany. I believe its characters to be sufficiently distinct
to warrant its separation from that species. Specimens were collected
near Maclcod's Lake in Northern British Columbia which completely
accord with the description of this species and are altogether unlike
any form of S. borealis we possess. The character, " leaves ovate-
lanceolate, connate, the margin minutely ciliate with white hairs, much
shorter than the internodes," separates it from that species.

(297.) S. uiiginosa, Murr. Swamp Stitchwort.

S. aquatica, Poll. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 186.
Larbrcea uiiginosa, Hook. Fl. I., 93.

Halifax Co., N.S. (McKay.) Bather common in swamps and rills,
KB. (Foicler's Cat.) English River, near Isle La Crosse, N.W.T.
(Back.*) Prairies of the Eocky Mountains Lat. 52°-57°. (Drummond.)
Island of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.') Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(298.) S. crassifolia, Ehrh. Gray, Manual, 93.
& borealis, var. /?, Hook. Fl. I., 95.

St. Paul's Island. Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Frequent in low
damp spots in the prairie region. Specimens from the Cypress Hills
and Hand Hills are like the eastern forms. (Macoun.) Sitka. (Mertens.)

(299.) S. gracilis, Richards. Hook. Fl. L, 97.

This species is doubtfully referred to S. uiiginosa by Watson, but is in
my opinion quite distinct. The abundant gemma? in the axils of the
leaves and its peculiarly lax habit amply distinguish it from S. uiiginosa.
Abundant on the banks of Methy River, near Portage La Loche, Lat.
57°. (Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson's Bay. (R.Bell.~) About Slave
Lake, and between Cumberland House and Hudson's Bay. (Rirhar-lzon.')

(300.) S. longipes, Goldie. Long-stalked Stichwort.
S. glauca, Meyer. PL Lab., 93.

Dry gravelly river banks and margins of lakes, also sandy woods in
the north. Very abundant in many places from Nova Scotia to the
Pacific. In its various forms it is found on the mountains, on the
prairie and in the forest, and extends northward to the shores and
islands of the Arctic Sea. The eastern form is tall, rigid and generally
glaucous. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. minor, Hook. Fl. I., 95.

S.palustris, Richards, in Frank!. Journ., 10.
S. Ktricta, Hook. Fl. L, 96.

From Lake Winnipeg to Bear Lake, Lat. 65\ (Richardson.} From

76 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Hudson's Bay to the Kooky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummand.)
Echimamish Kiver to Oxford House. (R. Hell.) Nechacco River.
Quesnel and Blackwater Eiver, B.C. (Macoun.)

Var. (leetaj Torr. & Gray. Fl. I., 185.

S. Ixta, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 10. Hook. Fl. I., 96.

From Great Bear Lake to the shores and islands of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Upon the more elevated of the Eocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C. ; top of
Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Top of Eocky Moun-
tains, S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

Var. (Ed wards! i,) Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 185.

S. Edivardsii, R.Br. Hook. Fl. L, 96.
S. nitida, Hook, in Scoresb. Greenl., 411.

On the coast near Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspe". (0. D. Allen.} East
coast of Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.) Shores and islands of the Arctic
Sea. (Richardson.') Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PI)

(301.) S. nitens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 185.

S. stricta, Hook. Fl. L, 96, in part.

Vancouver Island, around Victoria. (Hill & Macoun.)
(302.) S. umbellata, Turcz.

S. borealis, var. y, Hook. Fl. L, 94.

On the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(303.) S. crispa, Cham. & Schlecht.

Dry slopes of Cedar Hill near Victoria, British Columbia. (Macoun.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(304.) S. obtusa, Engelm. (New Species.)
S. humi/usa, Rottb. Macoun's Cat., No. 269.

On the boggy slope of a hillside near Macleod's Lake, British Co-
lumbia, 1875. (Macoun.)

(305.) S. humifusa, Eottb.

Arenaria thymifolia, Pursh, 317.

A. Purshiana, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 102.

Sea shore of Labrador. (Pursh.) Harvey, York Co., N.B. Eare.
(Foivler's Cat.) Shores of the Gulf St. Lawrence, Little Fox Eiver,
Gaspe". (Macoun.) Pointd des Monts, .Gaspe". (J. Sell.) Temiscouta,
Q. (Burgess.) Kamouraska, Q. (Maclagan.) Sandy shores of the

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 77

Arctic Sea and islands. (Richardson.} Norton and Kotzcbue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.') Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

83. CERASTIUM, Linn. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.)

(306.) C. vlscosum, Linn. PI. Bourgeau, 255.

C. vulgatum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 103. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 187. Gray,

Manual, 93.
C. glomeratum, Tliuill. Sow. Eng. Bot. II., 82.

Introduced into cultivated ground, more especially gardens. Reported
from Nova Scotia to the western part of Ontario. Abundant around
Victoria, British Columbia. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.~)

(307.) C. vulgatum, Linn.

C. viscoswn, Linn, Herb, not Spec. Hook. Fl. L, 103. Gray, Manual, 94.
C. triviale, Link.

This species seems to be indigenous to Ontario and the Eastern
provinces, as it is common in woods and cultivated grounds. It is per-
ennial, or lasts more than two years. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. P.I}

(308.) C. nutans, Eaf. Nodding Mouse-ear Chickweed.

On places where water lies in the spring. Windsor Junction, N.S.
Montreal Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very abundant at Belleville on wet limestone
shingle ; woods near Amherstburgh, Ont. ; Prince Arthur's Landing,
Lake Superior ; Lake Manitoba at the Narrows ; Big Lake west of
Edmonton ; Little Slave Lake ; St. John's, Peace River ; and at Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.') From the Eastern provinces to
Lat. 58°, and from Hudson's Bay to the elevated valleys of the Rocky
Mountains. (Richardson.)

(309.) C. arvense, Linn. Meadow Chickweed.

C. Pennsylvanicum, Hornern. Hook. Fl. I., 104
C. elongatum, Pursh, 321. Hook. Fl. L, 103.
C. tenuifolium, Pursh, 321.

On rocky banks, hills and pastures, from Labrador and Pictou, N.S.
to Vancouver Island. A common and beautiful species.

(310.) C. oblongifolium, Torrey.

C. arvense, Pxirsh, 321. (?.) Richards in Frankl. Journ., 738.
? C. bracteatum, Raf. Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 189.
C. pubescent, Goldie. Edinb. Phil. Jorfrn. IV., 328.

Wet woods, close to Amhertsburgh, Ont. ; Point Pelee and Pelee
Island, Ont. A rare and beautiful species.

78 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(311.) C. alpinum, Linn. Alpine Mouse-ear Chickweed.

Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler.) Cliff and debris, Petite Portage,
Cape Gaspe". (J. Bell.} Arctic America and adjacent islands, Kotzebuc
Sound. (Lay & Collie.') Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Churchill
River, Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.') Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)

Var. Behrinsianum, Regel.

C. Behringianum, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 105. Macoun's Cat.,

No. 279.
C. vulgatum, var. Behringianum, Fenzl. Rothr. Alask. 444.

In the Bay of Eschscholtz. (Hooker.) Kotzbue Sound to Cape
Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Ma-
coun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

Var. Fischerianum, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 188.

C. rigidum, Ledeb. Hook. Fl. I., 105.

C. Fischerianum, Ser. Hook. Fl. I., 103.

C. alpinum, Hook. Fl. I., 104, in part.

C. vulgatum, vars. grandiftorum & macrocarpum, Fenz]. Rothr. Alask.

Frequent on all the coasts of America bordering on Behring's Straits,
also Ounalashka Island. (Chamisso.) Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
Smith's Sound, Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)

Var. glabratum, Hook. Fl. I., 104.
Duke of York's Bay. (Copt. Parry.)
Var. latifolium, Smith. (?)

A form, with one or two flowered peduncles and clothed with gland-
ular hairs, causing the upper part of the stems to appear almost viscid,
was obtained on cliffs along the Gasp£ coast, about 15 miles below Ste.
Anne des Monts, in August, 1882. It has the general appearance of
var. Behringianum, but seems nearer to C. latifolium of Smith's English
Botany.

(312.) C- pilosum, Ledeb.

. C. stellarioides, Moc. Hook. Fl. L, 103.

Nootka Sound. (De Candolle.) Alaska. (Bot. Cal. /., 67.) A little
known species.

(313.) C. trigynum, Vill.

Stellaria cerastioides, Lidn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 184.

Table-topped Mountain, Gaspe", Q. (0. D. Allen.). Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 79

84. SACINA, Linn. (PEARL-WORT.)

(314.) S. procumbens, Linn.

'West coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.*) Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.*)
Very common at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Damp rocks and springy
places, N.B. (Fowler's Cat*} Springy places and damp rocks along
the whole Gaspd coast. (Macoun.*) Pointe des Monts, Gaspe Bay. (J.
Bell} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(315.) S. occidentalis, Watson. Bot. Cal. I., 70.

S. procumbens, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 92.

On rocks near the sea at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.}
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson). North-west coast of America.
(Menzies}. Sitka, Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.*)

(316.) S. Linnsei, Presl.

Spergula saginoides, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 93.

This species is ascribed to Canada, by Sereno Watson, Bot. Cal. I.,
70. He says it extends from Arctic America, southward in the Eocky
Mountains. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL*)

(317.) S. decumbens, Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 177.

Speryula saginoides, Michx. Fl. I., 276, not Linn.
Sagina procumbens, Pursh, 119.
Spergula subvlata, Hook. Fl. I., 93.
Sagina subulata, Torr. & Gray Fl. L, 178.

Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.*) On the open prairie. 30 miles east
of the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.*)

(318.) S. nodosa, E. Meyer.

Spergula nodosa, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 93.

Wet soil and crevices of rocks along shores of both the sea and inland
lakes. Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.*) Halifax
and Pictou, N. S. (Sommers.*) Eestigouche Elver and Pea Point,
Charlotte Co., N. B. (Fowler's Cat.*) Abundant at many points
along the Gaspe coast. Island of St. Ignace, Agate Island, Michipicotin
Island, and along the north-east coast of Lake Superior. (Macoun.}
North end of Lake Winnipeg. (E. Bell.*) Ontario, to the shores of
the Arctic Sea, eastward of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.*)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.~)

80 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

85. SPERCULARIA, Pers. (SAND SPURRY.)
(319.) S. media, Presl.

Arenaria rubra var. [3. Michx. Fl. I., 274.

A. Canadends, Pers. Pursh. 319.

Arenaria rubra, Hook. Fl. I., 98.

Spergula rubra, var. (?) y. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 175.

Spergularia rubra, var. marina. Matthew, PI. Acad. 21.

Lepigonum medium, Fries. Wat. Index, 103.

Salt marshes and sands both along the Atlantic coast and throughout
the prairie region. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Salt marshes and sands, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.} Very common on the borders of salt lakes and ponds,
from Winnipeg to the Kocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Between Cum-
berland House and Bear Lake. (Richardson.} James's Bay. (Burgess.}

(320.) S. rubra, Presl.

Arenaria rubra, Hook. Fl. I., 98 , in part.
Spergula rubra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 175.
Spergularia rubra, var. campcstris. Gray, Manual, 95.
Lepigonum rubrum, Fries. Wat. Index, 103.

On comparatively dry soil. Windsor, Halifax and Pictou, N.S.
(Lawson.} Sandy soil; abundant in Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.}
Cacouna, Q. (Buchan.}

(321.) S. salina, Presl. Gray, Manual, 95.
Lepigonum salinum, Fries. Wat. Index, 104.

Brackish sands, along the sea coast. Labrador. (Brunet.} Pennant,
N.S. (Sommers.} Sand on seashore, N.B. (Foivler's Cat.} Shore of
Gaspe" Bay. (•/. Bell.) Frequent from the head of the Bay of Chaleur,
around the Gaspe" coast, up to Kiviere du Loup, Q. (Macoun.} Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

86. SPERCULA, Linn. (CORN SPURRY.)

(322.) S. arvensis, Linn.

Introduced. A weed in Nova Scotia. (Lawson.} A pestilent weed
in damp soil. N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} A very abundant weed through-
out the Gaspe" peninsula, and the south shore of the St. Lawrence.
(Macoun.} Fields and pastures, St. Joachim, Q. (Brunei.} Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.)

CATALOOUK OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

XVI. PAEONYCHIE^E.

87. PARONYCHIA, Tourn. (WHITLOW-WORT.)

(323.) P. sessiliflora, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 226.

Dry banks of the north Saskatchewan ; between Curlton and Edruon-
ston. (Drummond.) On dry hills and river banks throughout the
southern prairie. (Macoun.}

88. ANYCHIA, Michx. (FORKED CHICKWEED.)
(324.) A. dichotoma, Michx. Fl. I., 113.

A. Canademis, Elliott. Hook. Fl. I, 22(3.

This plant is introduced into the catalogue on the authority of Hooker,
who is followed by Torrey & Gray. We have no direct proof of its
occurrence within our limits.

89. SCLERANTHUS, Linn. (KNAWEL.)

(325.) S. annuus, Linn. Pursh, 315.

Introduced at a few points. Three Elvers, Q. t (Madagan.') Port
Colbome, Lake Erie. '(McGill Coll. Herb.}

XVII. POETULACACE^;. PURSLANE FAMILY.

90. PORTULACA, Tourn. (PURSLANE.)

(326.) P. oleracea, Linn. Common Purslane.

Introduced and become a pestilent weed in all market gardens.
Owing to its tenacity of life and the power of ripening its seeds long
after it has been rooted up, it is very difficult to get rid of. It is found
in waste places and in gardens wherever cultivation has been attempted.

91. LEWISIA, Pursh.

(327.) L. red i viva, Pursh.
Abundant on the dry, arid soil around Ashcroft, Thompson Eiver, B.C.

82 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(Hill & Macoun.) Nicola Valley, and elsewhere in the dry southern
interior of B.C. (Dawson.)

92. CLAYTONIA, Linn. (SPRING BEAUTY.)

(328.) C. linearis, Doug]. Hook. Fl. I., 224.

Abundant on Vancouver Island and as far north on the mainland as
Black Water Eiver and even to the Nechacco. (Macoun.)

(329.) C. parvifolia, Mo§.

C. filicautis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 224.

Eocks ; Nootka and Queen Charlotte Islands, on the north-west
coast of America. (Jfenzies.) Around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (DawsonC)

(330.) C. Virginica, Linn. Spring Beauty.

Eich woods. Pictou and Truro, N. S. (Lawson.) Vicinity of
Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll Herb.) Near Montreal. (Cteghorn.)
Very abundant in Ontario. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(331.) C. Caroliniana, Michx. Broad-leaved Spring Beauty.

C. Virginica, var. spathidccfolia, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 224.
C. ffpathulcefolia, Salisb. Pursh. 175.

More northern -than the preceding. Abundant in Nova Scotia.
(Sommers.) Found at Oxbow, Salmon Eiver ; Blackville, Miramichi,
N.B., but not common. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of Bathurst, N.B.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Woods near Cape Despair, Gaspe. (Ells.) Com-
mon throughout Quebec. (Brunei.) Abundant in eastern Ontario.
(Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

Var. sessilifolia, Torrey.

C. lanceolata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 224.

Valleys of the Eocky Mountains, in rich soil. (Drummond.) Eocky
Mountains in the S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) On the mountains of
British Columbia. (Cowley.)

(332.) C. Sibirica, Linn.

C. alsinoides, Sims. Hook. Fl. L, 225.
C. Unalaschkensis, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I., 225.
? C. asarifolia, Bong. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 200.

Very abundant along the whole west coast of British Columbia, from
the southern boundary to Cape St. Elias and Sitka.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 83

(333). C. perfoliata, Bonn. Hook. Fl. I., 225.

Vancouver Island and in the interior of British Columbia, above
Clinton. (Macoun.') Cascade Mountains. (Dawson.)

Var. pa rvi flora, Torrey.

C. parviflom, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 225.

C. gypsophiloides, Fisch. & Mey. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 200.

Common around Victoria, Vancouver Island, and up the Fraser, B.C.

Var. (spathulata,) Torrey.

C. spathulata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 226.

On Cedar Hill and other localities around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Hill.')

(334.) C. exigua, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 200.

C. tenuifolia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 201.
On Cedar Hill and around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.~)

(335.) C- Chamissonis, Esch.

C. aquatica, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 201.
C. flagellaris, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 446.

Ounalashka Island and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) JSTachacco Eiver, in
pools of water, growing on mud. Northern British Columbia. (Macoun.)

(336.) C. dichotoma, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 202.

Wet, rocky places, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
(337.) C. sarmentosa, C. A. Meyer.

Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

93. CALANDRINIA, H B K.

(338.) C. Menziesii, Hook.

Talinum Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 223.
• C. speciosa, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 197.

On rocks near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.')
(339.) C. pygmaea, Gray.

Talinum pygmseum, Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 305 & 308.

May be looked for on the mountains along the southern boundary of
British Columbia.

84 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

94. MONTIA, Linn.

(340.) M. fontana, Linn.

Labrador. (Grmelin.') Newfoundland. (Pylaie.} Near Ste. Anne
des Monts, Gaspe, on the coast. (0. D. Allen.} Vancouver Island,
near Victoria, in pools. (Macoun.} Sitka, Ounalashka, Norton Sound
and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL

95. SPRAGUEA, Torr.

(341.) S. umbellata, Ton.

To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.

XVIII. ELATINE^E. WATER-WORT FAMILY.

96. ELATINE, Linn. (WATER-WORT.)
(342.) E. Americana, Am.

Peplis Americana, Pursh, 238.

On earth, on the margin of a dry pool, at the northern end of Reed
Lake, Lat. 50° 35' ; Long. 107° 20', N.W.T. (Macoun.)

XIX. HYPERICACE^E. ST. JOHN'S WORT FAMILY.

97. HYPERICUM, Linn. (ST. JOHN'S WORT.)

(343.) H. pyra mi datum, Ait. Great St. John's Wort.

H. ascyroides, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 109.
H. macrocarpum, Michx. Fl. II., 82.

Low grounds, on rich soil. About Montreal and Quebec. (Michaux.)
Lachine, near Montreal. (Brunei.} Swamp, St. Denis St., Montreal.
(Holmes.*) Roadside, north of Madoc, Hastings Co. ; Rice Lake Plains,
Ont. (Macoun.') Vicinity of London, Ont. ; common. (Sounders.}
Bayfield River, Huron Co., Ont. (Gibson.} Fullarton, Ont. (Buchan.}
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.}

(344.) H. Kalmianum, Linn. Shrubby St. John's Wort.

From Niagara Falls to the Sault Ste. Marie, along Lakes Erie and
Huron ; abundant. Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 85

(345.) H. ellipticum, Hook. Fl. I., 110.

This fine species extends from Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg, and is
quite common in Quebec and the northern part of Ontario.

(346.) H. perforatum, Linn. Common St. John's Wort.

Introduced into pastures and by roadsides from Europe. It extends
from Nova Scotia to western Ontario.

(347.) H. corymbosum, Mithl. Corymbed Hypericum.
H. maculatum, Michx. Fl. IL, 80.
H. micranthum, Chois. Hook. Fl. I., 109.

Low, damp meadows ; rather common. Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.~)
Near Quebec, and Island of Orleans. (Brunet.') Island of Montreal,
Nicolet, and Beloeil, Q. (Maclagan.) Very abundant along the Bruce
peninsula of Lake Huron, and general throughout Ontario. (Macoun.~)

(348.) H. mutilum, Linn.

H. quinquenervium, Walt. Michx. Fl. II., 79. Hook. Fl. L, 110.
H. parviflorum, Willd. Pursh. 377.

Low grounds along river banks, and in moist fields. Abundant from
Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg.

(349.) H. Canadense, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 110.

Wet ground, in sandy soil. .Newfoundland. (Morrison.} This
species has nearly the same range as the last ; but is not found in the
same situations, as this one seems to prefer, in Ontario, wet, sandy soil.

(350.) H. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. L, 111.

Dry, gravelly soils. Rocky Mountains, in the S. Kootanie Pass.
(JDawson.} North-west coast of America. (Scouleri) Interior of
British Columbia. (CowleyJ)

(351.) H. anagalloides, Cham. & Schlecht.

In a low, springy place on the top of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(Macoun.~) To be looked for along the southern boundary of British
Columbia.

(352.) H. Sarothra, Michx. Fl. II., 79.

In Tori*. & Gray, Fl. I,, 165, this species is recorded as a native of
Canada. We have no proof of its occurrence, but it may be found on
sandy soil along Lake Erie.

86 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

98. ELODES, Adns. (MARSH ST. JOHN'S WORT.)
(353.) E. Virginica, Nutt.

Hypericwn Virginicum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 109.
Elodes campanvlata, Pursh. 379.

Marshes and borders of woodland brooks and stagnant pools. Com-
mon from Nova Scotia to Lake Winnipeg, and northward towards
Hudson's Bay.

XX. MALVACEAE. MALLOW FAMILY.

99. MALVA, Linn. (MALLOW.)

(354.) M. rotund if olia, Linn. Common Mallow.

Introduced. Common along roadsides, in waste places around
dwellings, and in gardens, from Nova Scotia to western Ontario.

(355.) M. sylvestris, Linn. High Mallow.

Introduced. Spontaneous in gardens and waste places around dwell-
ings. Escaped from gardens in a few places, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Prescott, rare. (Billings.') Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.)
Waste places at Belleville, Ont. ; Fort Francis, Rainy River, Dawson
Route. (Macoun.) Near Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(536.) M. crispa, Linn. Crisped Mallow.

Spontaneous in some old gardens. Pictou, N.S., rare. (McKay,*)
Sometimes found near dwellings, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Ottawa, in
gardens. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Gardens and waste places at Belleville ;
and Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun).

(357.) M. moschata, Linn. Musk Mallow.

Roadsides and pastures ; common. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.*) Spon-
taneous in gardens, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) St. Jerome and Mont-
real. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Escaped from gardens at Belleville, Col-
borne, Rice Lake Plains, London and Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)
Waste places around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.) Island in Detroit
River. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Road-
sides, Barrie, Ont. (Spotten.) Very common around London. (Burgess.)

(358.) M. bo real is, Wallm. Northern Mallow.

M. obtusa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 225.
Introduced at Sackville, N. S. (Lawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 87

100. MALVASTRUM, Gray. (FALSE MALLOW.)

(359.) M. Munroanum, Gray.

Malm Munroana, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 106.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.

(360.) M. COCCineum, Gray. Prairie Mallow.

Cristaria cocdnta, Pursh, 454.

Sida cocdnea, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 108.

Very common on dry clay or gravelly soil in most of the prairie
region from Brandon westward.

101. SIDALCEA, Cray.
(361.) S. malvseflora, Gray.

Sida malvseflora, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 108.

Sida Oregana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 234.

Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, rare. (Hill.') Mainland, B.C.

(Jones.)

IO2. ABUTILON, Tourn. (INDIAN MALLOW.)

(362.) A. Avicennae, Gsertn. Velvet-leaf.
Sida Abutilon, Linn. Pursh, 453.

Introduced. Waste places, old gardens and potato fields ; common
around Belleville. (Macoun.') Vicinity of Dundas, Ont. (Logie.}
Around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott.~) Carleton Place, Ont. (McGill
Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.}

IO3. HIBISCUS, Linn. (ROSE MALLOW.)

(363.) H. Moscheutos, Linn. Swamp Eose Mallow.
II. palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 107.

On land, subject to floods. Said, by Gray, to grow near brackish
water. Island in the Detroit River. (Maclagan.} .Marsh where the
road enters on Pelee Point, in coming from Leamington, Ont.
(Macoun.} Eoadside near Windsor, Ont. (Dr. Kemp.')

(364.) H. Trionum, Linn. Bladder Ketmia.
Escaped from gardens, rare, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Spontaneous

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

in a few gardens and waste places at Belleville. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott..) Maiden, Out. (Maclagan.) Vicinity
of Woodstock, Ont. (Millman.)

104. SPH/ERALCEA, St. Hilaire.
(365.) S. rivularis, Ton-.

Malva rivularis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 107.

S. acerifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 228. Macoun's Cat, No. 313.

Common on banks from the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas.) Waterton Lake, Lat. 49°, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

Excluded Species.
Sida hederacea, Torr.

Malm hederacea, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 107.
This species, although in Hooker's Flora, is south of our limits.

XXI. TILIACE,E. LINDEN FAMILY.

106. TILIA, Linn. (LINDEN. BASSWOOD.)
(366.) T. Americana, Linn. Basswood.

T. glabra,, Vent. Hook. Fl. I., 108.
T. Canadensis, Michx. Fl. II., 306.

Shore of Grand Lake, at Woodstock and along the St. John River,
N.B. ( Fowler's Cat.) Quebec. (Brunei.) On Montreal Mountain,
1821. (Holmes.) River Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Abundant through-
out Ontario, and, as a low tree, as far west as the Lake of the
Woods. (Macoun.) Norway House, at the north end of Lake Winnipeg.
(Richardson.) In the lower valley of the Assiniboine. (Macoun.)

Var. pubescens, Loud.

T. pubescens, Ait. Hook. Fl. I., 108.
T. laxiflora,, Michx. Fl. II., 306.

About Quebec. (Mrs. Shepherd.) Shores of Lake St. Clair, and near
Sandwich, Ont. (Douglas.)

(367.) T. Europaea, Linn. European Linden.

Planted in Pictou and Halifax, N.S. (McKay.) Extensively planted
about Fredericton, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Planted in the streets of
many towns in Ontario. Well suited to our climate.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 89

XXII. LINAGES. FLAX FAMILY.

IO6. LINUM, Linn. (FLAX.)

(368.) L. Virginianum, Linn.

Dry woods or sandy thickets. Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) Ca-
nada Southern Eailway, one mile east of the Great Western crossing
near Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Todd.)

(369.) L. striatum, Walter.

L. rigidum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 204, in part.

Wet or boggy grounds along the Great Lakes. Toronto Island ; shores
of Lake Huron, Eed Bay, Fishing Islands and Oliphant, Bruce Penin-
sula, Ont. (Macoun.) .

(370.) L. sulcatum, Eiddel.

L. rigidum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 204, in part.
L. Boottii, Planch. Gray, Manual, 1856.

Dry sandy soil, apparently rare. Eice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co. ; Oak Hills, Hastings Co., Ont. On sand in the
Qu'Appelle Valley, a little west of the bridge at Fort Ellice, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)

(371.) L. rigidum, Pursh, 210.

On dry clay soil, rather common on the southern prairie. (Macoun.)
Abundant on the plains of the interior, especially about the Saskatche-
wan. (Richardson.) Milk Eiver and Woody Mountain, N. W. T.
(Dawson,~)

(372.) L. perenne, Linn. Prairie Flax.
L. Lemsii, Pursh, 210.

Very common throughout the prairie region and west to the Pacific
Ocean, and north to the shores of the Arctic Sea. Eeported from Mar-
mora Lake, Ont., but this is doubtful.

(373.) L. usitatissimum, Linn. Cultivated Flax.

Introduced into many fields and becoming common along all our
railways, from Nova Scotia westward.

90 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

XXIII. GERANIACE.E. GERANIUM FAMILY.

107. GERANIUM, Linn. (CRANESBILL.)

(374.) C. maculatum, Linn. Wild Cranesbill.

Open woods and fence borders. Harbor Grace, Nfld. (McGill Coll.
Herb.} Halifax Co., N.S. {McKay.) On Montreal Mountain, and at
Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q. Mouth of Rainy River, Dawson
Route. (McGill Coll. Herb.'} Common throughout Ontario and west-
ward to Rainy River.

(3I75.) C. Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey.
G. albiflorum, Hook. Fl. I., 116.
G. Hookerianum, Walp. PI. Bourgeau, 255. Macoun'e Cat., No. 326.

Valleys of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Foot hills of the
Rocky Mountains near the 49th parallel ; summit of Pine River Pass,
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) On the borders of couldes and in thickets in the
southern prairie region, and especially in ravines on the Cypress Hills,
N.W.T. (Macoun.)

(376.) C. Fremonti, Torrey.

Woody Mountain in sheltered valleys, abundant. Also growing
abundantly in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Very
abundant at Fort Walsh and the '' Head of the Mountain " and western
slope of the Cypress Hills, also in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains
on Bow River. (Macoun.)

(377 ) C. incisum, Nult.

G. albiflorum var. ( ?) incisum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 206.
Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Near Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)

(378.) C. erianthum, DC.

G. maculatum, var. /?., Hook. Fl. I., 116.

North-west America. (Douglas.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.

Alask.)

(379.) C. pratense, Linn. Meadow Cranesbill.

Escaped from cultivation near St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
(380.) G. Carolinianum, Linn. Carolina Cranesbill.

Very abundant in lately burnt woods and in thickets along river

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 91

banks and sandy or barren soil from Nova Scotia to the Pacific, and
far to the north.

(381.) G. Robertianum, Linn. Herb Robert

Moist woods and shaded rocky ravines. Pictou and other parts of
Nova Scotia, rather common. (McKay.') Lower Norton, and Quaco
Cliffs, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Coast of Gaspd above Point Fame and
westward throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Lake of the Woods.

(Macoun.}

(382.) C. pusillum, Linn. Small-flowered Cranesbill.

Introduced from Europe in the neighborhood of cities and towns.
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) In the streets of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

(383.) C. molle, Linn. Soft Cranesbill.

Introduced from Europe. Very common around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)

108. ERODIUM, L'Her. (STORKESBILL.)

(384.) E. cicutarium, L'Her.

Very abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
Naturalized at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ot(.) In the vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Buchan.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(385.) E. moschatum, Willd. Musky Storksbill.

Naturalized in some gardens at Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Growing wild
in a garden at Lake La Mab, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.)

109. FLCERKEA, Willd. (FALSE MERMAID.)
(386.) F. proserpinacoides, Willd.

F. utiginosa, Muhl. Macoun's Cat,, No. 332.
Nectris pinnata, Pursh, 239.

In low, rich woods and on river margins. Nun's Island, near Mont-
real. (Holmes.) Low, rich woods, vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Abundant on an island in the Detroit Eiver opposite Amherstburgh,
Ont. On the margin of pools in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)

92 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

110. IMPATIENS, Linn. (WILD BALSAM.)

(387.) I. fulva, Nutt. Spotted Touch-me-not.

7. biflora, Walt. Pursh, 171.

/. nolitangere, /?., Michx. Fl. II., 149.

Throughout Canada; and as far north as Bear Lake, Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.') Abundant around springs and in small rills from the
Magdalen Islands and Nova Scotia to the Peace Eiver.

(388.) I. pallida, Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not.
J. nolitangere, Michx. Fl. II., 149.

Cedar swamps, along rills, and by springs. Montreal Mountain.
(Holmes.} Gaspd coast at Mont St. Louis ; abundant at Niagara Falls,
below the Clifton House ; Boyston Park, Owen Sound. (Macoun.}
Burlington Bay, Lake Ontario. (Logie.} St. Catherines, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.} Western Ontario on Lake Huron. (Gibson.} Vicinity of
London, Ont. (Burgess.} Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeon.}
St. John's, Peace Eiver. (Macoun.}

Ml. OXALIS, Linn. (WOOD-SORREL.)

(389.) O. Acetosella, Linn. Common Wood-Sorrel.

Deep, cold woods, from Nova Scotia through New Brunswick,
Quebec and northern Ontario to the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.}
As far north as the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.}

(390.) O. Oregana, Nutt.

0. Acetosella. Hook. Fl. I., 118, in part.

North-west coast of America. (Douglas.} Woods on the Lower
Fraser, B.C. (Cowley.}

(391.) O. corniculata, Linn.

0. pilosa &pumila, Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 212.

Freshwater, near Halifax, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.} On dry soil
at various points in the southern prairie region; not common.
(Macoun.} On the Saskatchewan plains. (Bourgeau.}

Var. stricta, Sav.

0. stricta, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 118. Macoun's Cat., No. 335.
0. Dillenii, Jacq. Pursh, 323.
0. Lyoni, Pursh, 322.

Common along river margins, amongst gravel, from Nova Scotia to

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 93

the Lake of the Woods. Also, at Emerson, Manitoba. Distinguished
from the type by the absence of stipules. This species should be care-
fully examined when found, and distinguishing characters noted.

XXIV. BUTACE.E. EUB FAMILY.

112. XANTHOXYLUM, Golden. (PRICKLY ASH.)

(392.) X. Americanum, Mill. Northern Prickly Ash.

X. fraxineum, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 118.

X. ramiflorum, Michx. Fl. II., 235.

X. tricarpum, Hook. Fl. 118, not Michx.

Low grounds, usually along streams, common from Montreal (Brunei}
to the western part of Ontario, along the Georgian Bay.

113. PTELEA, Linn. (HOP TREE.)

(393.) P. trifoliate, Linn. Shrubby Trefoil.

Confined to the shores of Lake Erie. Pelee Island and west side of
Pelee Point. (Macoun.)

114. ALIANTHUS, Desf. (TREE OF HEAVEN.)

(394.) A. glandulosus, Desf.

This tree has been planted .in Prince Edward Co., Ont., at Belleville,
and at Niagara Falls. In all these localties it grows freely, and throws
up suckers from its roots. It seems as much at home as the Locust
tree.

XXV. ILICINE.E. HOLLY FAMILY.

115. ILEX, Linn. (HOLLY.)
(395.) I. verticillata, Gray.

Prinos vertidllatus, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 121.
P. Gronovii, Michx. Fl. II., 236.

Low grounds and swamps. Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.)
Not rare in swamps. (Fowler's Cat.) Borders of marshes, Gaspe*
Basin. (Macoun.) On gneiss rocks and swamps in open places, Eivor

94 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Eouge, Q. (D1 'Urban.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Moist
thickets and swamps near Prescott Junction, Ont. (Billings.*) Borders
of ponds and marshes throughout central Ontario. (Macoun.} Wolfe
Island, Chippewa, and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.} Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.}

116. NEMOPANTHES, Raf. (MOUNTAIN HOLLY.)
(396.) N. Canadensis, DC.

Ilex Canadensis, Michx. Fl. II., 229.

Cold, wet woods and swamps. Halifax Co. and Pictou, JN.S. (McKay.}
In cold, wet woods N.B. ; common. (Fowler's Cat,} Abundant in
woods, Gaspe peninsula. (Macoun.} Eiviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Common on gneiss rocks and in swamps, River Rousre, Q. (D' Urban.)
Swamps around Ottawa ; common. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Moist ground
near Prescott Junction, Ont. ; rare. (Billings.} Peat bog, 5 miles
north of Colborne ; swamps near Partridge Lake, Addington Co. ;
tamarac swamp, North Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Lou-
don, Ont. ; very common in Muskoka. (Burgess.}

Excluded Species.

Ilex opaca, Ait., and I. glabra, Gray, are reported from Halifax, N.S.,
by Dr. Sommers, in a catalogue of Nova Scotian plants, 'published in
the Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Sciences, 1875-
76. Hooker, on the authority of Pursh, credits those species to Canada.
I exclude them on the ground of insufficient evidence, and because
their range in the United States is south of our limits.

' XXVI. CELASTRACE.E. STAFF-TREE FAMILY.

117. CELASTRUS, Linn. (STAFF-TREE.)

(397.) C. scandens, Linn. Wax-work. Bitter-Sweet.

i

C. bullatus, Linn. Pursh, 168.

On the borders of rivers in Quebec. (Brunet.) On Montreal moun-
tain. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Common in Ontario ; climbing high over
bushes and young trees, in thickets, and along rivers, from Ottawa
(Fletcher} to Mamaisne, east coast of Lake Superior. (E, Bell.} Valley
of the Assiniboine, east of Brandon, Man. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PL^ft^ f «. t !l-">

118. EUONYMUS, Tourn. (SPINDLE-TREE.)

(398.) E. Americanus, L. var. obovatus, TOIT. & Gray.

Low, wot places in the western peninsula of Ontario. Near Amherst-
burgh, and on the line of the Canada Southern Railway, at Bismark,
Ont. (Macoun.) Hills around Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Banks of
Lake St. Clair. (Douglas.) Mountain side, near Mr. Whytc's house,
Hamilton. (Logic.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.) The typical
form may be found at Niagara.

(399.) E. atropurpureus, Jacq. Burning Bush.

Shady woods or open thickets. On White Island, opposite Amherst-
burgh, in the Detroit Eiver. (Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

119. PACHYSTIMA, Raf.
(400.) P. Myrsinites, Eaf.

Ilex (?) Myrsinites, Pursh, 119.

Myginda myrlifolia, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L, 120.

Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 259.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Valleys of the Eocky
Mountains, particularly abundant near the sources of the Columbia, in
Lat. 52' and Long. 118° W. (Douglas.} Woods of Portage Eiver, west
side of Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Very abundant on Vancouver
Island around Victoria ; at Yale on Cascade Mountains, and in the
woods northwards to Fort Macleod, B.C., in Lat. 55"". (Macoun.) Also
generally in localities with cool moist climate at great elevations oven
in the southern interior of British Columbia. (Dawson.)

XXVII. EHAMNACE^E. BUCKTHORN FAMILY.

120. CEANOTHUS, Linn. (NEW JERSEY TEA.)

(401.) C. Americanus, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 124.

C. perennis, Pursh, 167.

C. intermedium, Pursh, 167.

C. sanguineus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 265.

On di*y gravelly hills and along the dry banks of rivers. Abundant
throughout Ontario, but apparently unknown eastward.

96 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(402.) C. ovatus, Desf.

C. ovalis, Bigel. Macoun's Cat, No. 359.
C. intermedius, Hook. Fl. I., 124, not Pursh.

Dry gravelly banks, very rare. Along the Grand Trunk Railway a
little east of Shannonville Station, Hastings Co., St. Norah's Lake,
Ridout Township, Victoria Co., Ont. Very abundant on a high terrace
20 miles up the Kaministiqua above Fort William, Lake Superior ;
Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Route. (Macoun.) Gore Bay, Grand Mani-
toulin Island, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.} Upper, Canada. (Goldie.)
Lake Huron. (Todd.)

(403.) C. velutinus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 125.

Sub-alpine hills near the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Along
the Fraser above Boston Bar ; and on the upper slopes of Stuart Lake
Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)

Var. Isevigatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 265.
C. Isevigatus, Hook. Fl. I., 125.

On the Waggon Road, west of Jackass Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains, in the S. Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Nootka.
(Menzies.)

(404.) C. sanguineus, Pursh, 167.

C. Oreganus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 265. Macoun's Cat., No. 358.

Frequent in many parts of British Columbia, from the coast to Stuart
Lake. (Macoun.)

121. RHAMNUS, Tourn. (BUCKTHORN,)
(405.) R. alnifolia, L'Her.

R. franguloides, Michx. Fl. I., 153.

R. alpinus, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 6, not Linn.

In cold swamps and wet meadows. In swamps, mouth of Eel River,
Restigouche ; near Green Head, St. John, N.B. Rare. (Fowler's Cat.)
St. Francis River, N.B. (Hay.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (J. Brittain.)
Common in Quebec and Ontario, and westward in the wooded country
to the Rocky Mountains. Oxford House, Knee Lake and Hill River,
north of Lake Winnipeg. (H. Bell.)

(406.) R. Purshiana, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 123.
R. alnifolius, Pursh, 166, not L'Her.

Nootka. (Menzies.) To be looked for on Vancouver Island and
along the southern boundary of British Columbia.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 97

(407.) R. cathartica, Linn. Buckthorn.

Frequently planted for hedges and then left to run wild, as at Belle-
ville and Castleton, Ont.

XXVIII. V1TA.CEM. VINE FAMILY.

122. VITIS, Tourn. (GRAPE.)

(408.) V. Labrusca, Linn. Northern Fox-Grape.

Moist thickets, along Lake Erie. Abundant on Peloe Point and
Pelee Island. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(409.) V. cordifolia, Lam. Frost Grape.
V. vulpina, Muhl. Hook. Fl. 1, 115.

Annapolis, N. S. (Jj/awson.} Very abundant throughout Ontario ;
and often producing almost impenetrable thickets in river and stream
valleys. Frequent in Quebec, from the Island of Orleans westward.
Valley of the Eed River, near Emerson. (Dawson.} Said to grow in
profusion in the valley of the Assiniboine and north-west of Portage
la Prairie, Man. The writer has never noticed it in any part of the
North-west, except the Assiniboine valley.

(410.) V. riparia, Michx. Fl. II., 231.

V. cordifolia, var. riparia, Gray, Manual, 113.

This and the preceding species grow in the same situations, and are
often confounded, This species may be easily known by its deeply
lobed, smaller and thinner leaves. On the shore of Grand Lake, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Frequent in western Ontario. (Macoun.) Extending
to the south end of Lake Winnipeg, in Lat. 52D. (Hichardson.~)

^
123. AMPELOPSIS, Michx. (VIRGINIAN CREEPER.)

(411.) A, quinquefolia, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 114.

Cissus hederacea, Pers. Pursh, 170.

River banks and low thickets, from Grosse Isle, Quebec, to the valley
of the Assiniboine, Man. Common in cultivation. Not reported from
the Maritime Provinces, except as a cultivated species.

7

98 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

XXIX. SAPINDACE.E. SOAPBERRY FAMILY.
124. STAPHYLEA, Linn. (BLADDER-NUT.)

(412.) S. trifolia, Linn. American Bladder-Nut.

Moist or rich thickets, and river banks. St. Martin's, Quebec.
(Holmes.} Frequent, from Ottawa to the Georgian Bay. A beautiful
shrub and worthy of cultivation.

125. OESCULUS, Linn. (HORSE-CHESTNUT,)

(413.) CE. Hippocastanum, Linn. Horse-chestnut.

This tree is extensively cultivated from the Atlantic to Lake Huron.
The native species have been introduced in a number of places and
succeed well. CE. glabra, Willd. (Ohio Buckeye) is seen at Trenton
and Toronto, and the Eed Buckeye in Toronto and London.

125. ACER, Tourn. (MAPLE.)

(414.) A. Pennsylvanicum, Linn. Striped Maple.
A. striatum, DuRoi. Pursh, 267.

Cool, rocky, or sandy woods. Not scarce in Nova Scotia. (McKay.)
Eich woods, N.B. Common. (Fowler's Cat.") Very common in Quebec
and northern Ontario, and west to Lake Superior.

(415.) A. spicatum, Lam. Mountain Maple.
A. montanum, Ait. Hook. Fl. L, 111.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.} Very common in damp or wet woods,
from Nova Scotia to the western part' of Lake Winnipegosis and Eed
Deer Eiver and Porcupine Mountain, Man., Lat, 53°. (Macoun.}
James's Bay and north-westward to Island Lake, above York Factory.
(E. Bell.}

(416.) A. macrophyllum, Pursh. Broad-leaved Maple.

This species grows to a large size on Vancouver Island and in the
valley of the Fraser, below Yale, B.C. It is a magnificent tree and must
be very beautiful in cultivation.

(417.) A. circinatum, Pursh. Vine Maple.

Very common in the lower valley of the Fraser and on Vancouver

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 99

Island. This species forms almost impenetrable thickets in the forests
on the west coast.

(418.) A. glabrum, Torrey.

A. barbatum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 113.

A. tripartitum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 247.

Valleys, near springs, on the west side of the Eocky Mountains,
about the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.) Vancouver Island and
at Spence's Bridge, IB. C. In the Bow Eiver Pass, above Morley.
(Macoun.) S. Kootanie Pass and mountains near Waterton Lake.
(Dawson.)

(419.) A. saccharinum, Wang. Sugar Maple.
A. barbatum, Michx. Fl. II., 252.

Head of the Bay of St. George, Nfld. (J. Bell.) Very common
in suitable localities, from Nova Scotia to the western end of Lake
Superior, and thence in a few isolated patches to the Lake of the
Woods. Northward, it extends to Lake St. John and Lake Tcmiscam-
ang on the Ottawa. North of Lake Superior, it extends to the Long
Portage on the Michipicotin Eiver. (E. Sell)

Var. nigrum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 248.

A. saccharinum, Miehx. Fl. II., 252.

A. nigrum, Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. II., 238.

Apparently a common tree, from Ottawa, westward throughout
Ontario. It may be known from the ordinary form by its paler and
more pubescent leaves.

(420.) A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. Silver, or White Maple.
A. eriocarpum, Michx. Fl. II., 253.

T Apparently a rare tree in the east. A few trees at Harris' Cove on
the Kennebeccasis ; vicinity of Fredericton, N.B. ; mouth of the Nash-
waaksis, and shore of Grand Lake. (Fowler's Cat.) Eare along the
Eiver St. Francis, Q. (Brunei.) Very abundant from Ottawa west-
ward, throughout Ontario. In the neighborhood of Belleville it is par-
ticularly abundant, and the fine shade trees which adorn that city are
taken from the low grounds in the vicinity. (Macoun.)

(421.) A. rubrum, Linn. Eed, or Soft-Maple.
A. coccineum, Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. II., 203.

Very common in swamps and lowVoods from the Atlantic to the
Mud Portage on the Dawson Eoute. Slightly more northern in its
range than the sugar maple. (R. Bell.)

100 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

126. NECUNDO, Mcench. (ASH-LEAVED MAPLE.)

(422.) N. aceroides, Mcench. Box-Elder.

Acer Negundo, Linn. Pnrsh, 268.

Negundo frajcinifolium, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 114.

A few trees of this species are found near Toronto, in the valley of
the Humber, about two miles from its mouth. Eleven miles up the
ivumuiistiquia, west of Lake Superior. On an island in the Lake of
the Woods. Abundant in all the valleys of the tributaries of the Bed
River and of the Saskatchewan, coming from the south ; also abundant
on the streams flowing into Lake Winnipegosis. It grows very rapidly
when planted in any part of Ontario. This is the "sugar maple" of
Manitoba and the North-west, and is destined to be the shade tree of all
the prairie cities.

XXX. ANACARDIACE^]. SUMACH FAMILY.

127. RHUS, Linn. (SUMACH.)

(423.) R. typhina, Linn. Stag-horn Sumach.
R. viridiflora, DC. Prod. II., 67.

On dry, rocky, or gravelly knolls, or along river margins, or in fence
corners. Common in suitable localities, from Nova Scotia to the west
coast of Lake Huron.

(424.) R. glabra, Linn. Smooth Sumach.

Canada, and as far north as the Saskatchewan. (?) (Richardson.')
Chain Lakes, N.S. (Sommers.) Yicin ity of London, Ont. (Saunders.)
Very abundant on dry, rocky ground, along the Rivers Moira and
Trent ; also, at Queenston Heights and around Amherstburg, Ont. ;
Lake Nemikin, Dawson Route, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Yery likely overlooked in many parts of the country.

(425.) R. copallina, Linn. Dwarf Sumach.

Rocky places ; very rare in Canada. Thousand Islands, River St.
Lawrence. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.)

(426.) R. venenata, DC. Poison Sumach.

Occasional in swamps in western Ontario ; Westminster Ponds, Lon-
don, Ont. (Burgess.) Swamps near Weston, Ont. (Tyrrell.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 101

(427.) R. Toxicodendron, Linn. Poison Ivy.

R. Toxicodendron, var. qucrcifolium, Michx. Fl. L, 183.

Common in thickets and in fence corners, from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan, at Fort Edmonton. (Macoun.) Woods near Yale, B.C.

(Sill.)

Var. radicans, Torrey.

R. radicans, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 127.

R. Toxicodendron, var. a, vulgarc, Michx. Fl. I., 183.

Climbing frequently over fifty feet up both dead and living trunks,
in the forest west of St. Thomas, on the line of the Canada Southern
Eailway, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) A
very distinct variety, which almost deserves the rank of a species.

(428.) R. diversiloba, Tori. & Gray.
R. lobata, Hook. Fl. L, 127, not Poir.

On the outskirts of woods in dry soils of North-west America.
(Douglas.)

(429.) R. aromatica, Ait. Fragrant Sumach.

Dry soil along river banks and on waste, rocky ground. Abundant
along the rivers Moira find Trent, Eice Lake Plains, and at Amherst-
burg, Ont. (Macoun.) Banks of Niagara and Detroit Eivers. (Mac-
lagan.) Wolfe Island, opposite Kingston; Whiskey Island, Lake
Huron. (J.. Bell.) Maline Eiver, Dawson Eoute. (Macoun.)

Var. triiobata, Gray.

R. triiobata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 219.

Dry, barren soil on river banks. At the Elbow of the South Sas-
katchewan, near Strong Current Creek, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Bad lands
south of Woody Mountain, and eastward to Pyramid Creek on the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.)

XXXI. LEGUMINOSJL PEA FAMILY.

128. THERMOPSIS, R. Brown.

(430.) T. rhombifolia, Richards.

Cytisus rhomlifolius, Nutt. Pursh, 741.

Abundant on dry, open prairie, from Manitoba to the Eocky Moun-
tains. Especially common northwest-ward from Moose Mountain to

102 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA*

Edmonton. (Macoun.) First Crossing of the Souris River and west-
ward, in da»np spots on the prairie and hillsides, N. W. T. (Dawson.)

(431.) T. montana, Nutt.

T. fabacea, Hook. Fl. I., 128, not DC. Macoun's Cat, No. 489.

To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.

129. LUPINUS, Tourn. (LUPINE.)

(432.) L. littoralis, Dougl.

L. versicolor, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 376.
L. Nutkatensis, var. glaber, Hook. Fl. I., 163.

Along the coast of British Columbia, near the southern boundary.
(Douglas.) On the coast of Vancouver Island. (Watson.) The root of
this plant is eaten, and called "Chinook Liquorice."

(433.) L. perennis, Linn. Perennial Lupine.

Dry, sandy soil ; not uncommon west of Toronto, also on the G. T. R.
track near Sarnia. Common on Rice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Very common in the vicinity
of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Plains of the Riviere aux Sables, south of
Lake Huron. (Gibson.) Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Bosanquet,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(434.) L. arcticus, Watson, Rev. Lup., 526.

L. perennis, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 163, in part.

Shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Cape Mulgrave, in Behr-
ing's Straits. (Beechy.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Van-
couver Island. (C. B. Wood.) Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Polar Sea.
(Dean & Simpson.) Both east and west of Mackenzie River, on the
coast. (Simpson.)

(435.) L. sericeus, Pursh, 468.

On dry ground, above Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)

(436.) L. leucophyllus, Dougl.

L. plumosus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 165.
Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. (Douglas.)

(437.) L. ornatus, Dougl.

L. leucopsis, Agardh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 378.

L. argenteus, Agardh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 377, in part.

Near the source of the Columbia ; sparingly. (Douglas.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 103

(438.) L. laxiflorus, Dougl.

L. arbustus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 164.

Columbia Eiver. (Douglas.) Vancouver Island. (Watson.')
(439.) L. argenteus, Pursh, var. argophyllus, Watson.

Very abundant on the top of the Cypress Hills, east of Fort Walsh.
Mowers blue or ochroleucous. (Macoun.) South of Woody Mountain,
on the 49th parallel, and at Wood End; also, Belly River. (Dawson.)

(440.) L. Kingii, Watson. Eev. Lup., 534.

Dry sand hills, five miles west of the northern Elbow of the South
Saskatchewan. Western end of Stinking Lake, north of the Cypress
Hills, east of the Battleford Trail, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Along the Belly
Eiver. (Dawson.)

(441.) L. minimus, Dougl.

Mountain valleys near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
(442.) L. Lyallii, Gray.

Alpine summits of the Cascades, on the British Columbia southern
boundary. (Lyall.}

(443.) L. micranthus, Dougl., var. bicolor, Watson.

L. bicolor, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 162. Macoun's Cat., No. 382.

Abundant in the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at
Yale, B.C., on the mainland. (Macoun.}

(444.) L. Nootkatensis, Donn.

Jasper House, east of Yellow-Head Pass. (Burke.} Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Port Moody, B. C. (Hill.} From Vancouver
Island to the Aleutian and St. Paul Islands. (Ledebour.) Fort Youcon.
(Rothr. Alask.)

Var. Unalaskensis, Watson. Eev. Lup., 524.

Ounalashka Island. (Eschscholtz.) Port Mulgrave. (Barclay.}

(445.) L. polyphyllus, Lindl.

L. Nootkatensis, var. glaber, Hook. Fl. I., 163.

Eocky Mountains, north of the Smoky Eiver, in Lat. 55°. (Drum*
mond.} Pine Pass, Eocky Mountains, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Along
the trail, between Fort St. James and Fort Macleod, B. C. (Macoun.}

104 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Excluded Species.

Lupinus pusillus, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 162.

South of our limits.
L. lepidus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 163. Macoun's Cat., No. 390.

South of our limits.

L. aridus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 165.
May be found on the Upper Columbia, in British Columbia.

L. Sabinii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 166. Macoun's Cat, No. 383.

South of our limits.
L. sulphurous, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 166.

South of our limits.

130. ULEX, Linn. (COMMON GORSE, OR WHIN.)

(446.) U. Europaeus, Linn. Whin.

Growing wild in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. Escaped
from cultivation. (Macoun.)

131. SAROTHAMNUS, Linn. (BROOM.)

(447.) S. scoparius, Koch. Common Broom.

Cytisus scoparius, DC. Macoun's Cat., No. 495.

Abundant in thickets around Victoria, Vancouver Island. Escaped
from cultivation. (Macbun.) Naturalized at Sholbourne, N.S. (Mr.
P. Jack.)

132. TRIFOLIUM, Linn. (CLOVER. TREFOIL.)

(448.) T. megacephalum, Nutt. Great-headed Clover.
Lupinaster macrocephalm, Pursh, 479.

In the mountains on the southern boundary of British Columbia.

(Lyall.}

(449.) T. longipes, Nutt. Long-stemmed Clover.
Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. ( Watson.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 105

(450.) T. arvense, Linn. Eabbit-foot, or Stone Clover.

Naturalized, in old fields, from Europe. Eichibucto, N.B. Along
the railway track, near St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common at
Eiviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
Ott.} Brockville road, near Conway's Creek, Ont. (Billings.}
Necropolis, Toronto, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.} Dundurn
Castle, Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.}

(451.) T. pratense, Linn. Common Eed Clover.

Cultivated throughout Canada, and found everywhere along the
borders of fields.

(452.) T. reflexum, Linn. Buffalo Clover.
T. Pennsylvanicum, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 131.

Only found in south-western Ontario, on islands in the Detroit Biver.
(Maclagan.} About Sandwich and Amhcrtsburg. (Douglas.}

(453.) T. repens, Linn. White, or Dutch Clover.

/

Very common by waysides, in pastures and meadows, and borders of
woods. Naturalized, or possibly indigenous.

(454.) T. involucratum, Willd.

T. Wormskioldii, Loliin. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 692.

T. fimbriatum, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 133. Macoun's Cat,, Nos. 397 & 398.

T. sj>inulo.?um, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 133.

Abundant on Vancouver Island, around Victoria. (Macoun.}

Var. heterodon, Watson.

T. heterodon, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 318.

Along the coast of British Columbia, as far north as Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.}

(455.) T. tridentatum, Lindl.

T. involucratum, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 133.
T. aciculare, Nutt. 'Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 319.
T. polyphyllum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 319.

Common around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

(456.) T. pauciflorum, Nutt. Macoun's Cat., Nps. 393, 400.

T. microcephalum, var. glabrum, Hook. FL I., 132.
T. variegatum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 317.

Abundant on rocks close to the shore, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.)

106 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(457.) T. microcephalum, Pursh.

Growing with the preceding, but quite hairy, and with more com-
pact heads, with more and smaller flowers. (Macoun.)

(458.) T. microdon, Hook. & Arn.
Southern boundary of British Columbia. (Lyall.)

(459.) T. depauperatum, Desv.

T. amplectans, Macoun's Cat., No. 399.
Quite common in the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island.

(Macoun.)

(460.) T. agrarium, Linn. Hop-Clover.

Sparingly introduced in some localities. Fields, Bedford, N. S.
(Lawson.) Queensbury ; common near Fredericton and other localities,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Between Trenton and the Carrying Place at the
head of the Bay of Quinte, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Chatham, Ont., and near Montreal, Q. (McG-ill
Coll. Herb.')

(461.) T. procumbens, Linn. Low Hop-Clover.

Naturalized in old fields and parks. Pictou and Windsor, N.S., not
common. (McKay.} Sparingly in sandy ground at Eichibucto, also
at Grand Menan and St. Andrews, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Vicinity of
Quebec. (Brunei.) Beauharnois County, Q. (McGrill Coll. Herb.)
Eoadside, west of Ottawa. ( Whyte.) Point Henry, at Kingston ; and
University Park, Toronto. (Macoun.) Near London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(462.) T. hybridum, Linn. Alsick.

Cultivated fields and along fences. This species is extensively culti-
vated both in Ontario and the eastern provinces.

(463.) T. resupinatum, Linn. Eeversed Trefoil.

On ballast heaps at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of
Quebec. (Ami.)

*

(464.) T. ornithopodioides, Linn. Bird's-foot Trefoil.
Sparingly introduced on ballast heaps at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.}

133. MELILOTUS, Tourn. (ME LI LOT.)

(465.) M. alba, Lam. Sweet Clover.

M. officinalis, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 130.

M. leucantha, Koch. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 321.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 107

Naturalized. Koadsides, waste places, and in old gardens in H
neighborhood of cities and towns.

(466.) M. offlcinalis, Willd. Yellow Melilot.

Naturalized at Pictou and Halifax, N.S. In New Brunswick, and at
Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Belleville, Toronto, and London.

134. MEDICAGO, Linn. (MEDICK,)

(467.) M. lupulina, Linn. Black Medick.

Very abundant on roadsides, in cultivated fields, and waste places
generally throughout Ontario. It is also naturalized in the Maritime
Provinces and Quebec ; and frequent in British Columbia.

(468.) M. denticulata, Willd. Bur-Clover.

Introduced at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.'} Introduced at Dundas,
Ont., in wool, from Brazil. (Hynes.)

(469.) M. sativa, Linn. Lucerne.

Introduced into sandy fields near Wooler, Northumberland Co., Ont.,
and at Eoyston Park, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Niagara Falls and near
Toronto. (Burgess.)

(470.) M. maculata, Willd. Spotted Medick.

Introduced with ballast from Europe. Carleton, N.B. (Hay.}

135. LOTUS, Linn. (LOTUS.)

(471.) L. corniculatus, Koch.

Apparently naturalized at Fairville, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Found
at Ballast wharf, St. John, N.B. (Hay.)

136. HOSACKIA, Dougl. (HOSACKIA.)

(472.) H. bi color, Dougl. Hook. PI. L, 134.

On the Columbia, near its source in British Columbia. (Douglas.)
(473.) H. decumbens, Benth. Hook. PL L, 134.

Along the coast of southern British Columbia, and possibly on the
south- coast of Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

108 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(474.) H. pa rvi flora, Bonth. Hook. Fl. I., 134.

On grassy slopes along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island.

(Macoun.}

(475.) H. Purshiana, Benth.

H. uni/oliata, Hook. Fl. I., 135.

Lotus sericeus, Pursh, 489.

H. pilosa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 327 & 692.

H. elata, floribunda, and mollis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 327.

Along the shores of southern British Columbia. (Cowley.}
137. PSORALEA, Linn. (PSORALEA.)

(476.) P. argophylla, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 136.

Dry soils on the banks of the Eed Eiver, Lat. 50°, to the Saskatche-
wan, in Lat. 54°, from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drummond.} Very
abundant on the whole prairie region from the Eed Eiver to the Eocky
Mountains. (Macoun.}

(477.) P. esculenta, Pursh. " Cree Turnip."
P. brachiata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 137.

Plains of the Saskatchewan from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drum-
mond.} Abundant on dry, sandy soil from the Eed Eiver to the Eocky
Mountains.

(478.) P. lanceolata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 135.

p'dliptica, Pursh, 741.

P. laxiflora & scabra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 299 & 300.

On the Saskatchewan from Carlton to Edmonton. (Drummond.}
Near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.} On the sand hills on the
" Eiver that Turns," and at Gull Lake, north of Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(Macoun.}

(479.) P. physodes, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 136.

Open, sandy and gravelly soils along the upper part of the Columbia.

(Douglas.}

138. AMORPHA, Linn. (FALSE INDIGO.)

(480.) A. canescens, Nutt. Lead Plant.

Abundant on the plains of the Eed Eiver, in Lat. 50°. (Douglas.}
On a piece of bushy ground at Portage la Prairie, Man, 1872.
(Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 109

(481.) A. fruticosa, Linu. False Indigo.

Limestone rocks between Winnipeg and Selkirk, along the Red
River, its most northern range. (Douglas.}

(482.) A. microphylla, Pursh. Macoun's Cat., No. 422.
A. naiw, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 139.

Abundant on the plains of the Red River, in Lat. 50°. (Douglas.}
Common along the Assiniboine, between Portage la Prairie and Bran-
don. (Macoun}.}

139. PETALOSTEMON, Michx. (PRAIRIE CLOVER.)

(483.) P. candid US, Michx. White-flowered Prairie Clover.

Banks of the Saskatchewan, and upon the Red Deer and Eagle Hills
of that river. (Drummond.} On the Red River. (Douglas.) Very
abundant on the slopes of gravel hills throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.}

(484.) P, violaceus, Michx. Purple-flowered Prairie Clover.
P. villosus, Nutt. PI. Bourgeau, 255.

In the same situations as the preceding species, but a much more
beautiful and showy plant.

I4O. CLYCYRHIZA, Tourn. (WILD LIQUORICE.)

(485.) C. lepidota, Pursh. Liquorice Root.

Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo, at the foot of Lake Erie. (Judge Clinton.}
Sand hills, mouth of Rainy River, Lake of the Woods. Throughout
the prairie region, in thickets or along river banks, and northward to
Lake Athabasca, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}
Nelson River, between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson's Bay. (E. Bell.)
Abundant on the Red, Assiniboine, Saskatchewan, and Athabasca
Rivers. (Drummond & Douglas.}

Var. glutinosa, Watson, Bot. Cal. I., 144.

G. glutinosa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 298. Macoun's Cat., No. 459.

In the upper valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.} Along the southern/
border of British Columbia. (Lyall.}

110 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

141. ROBINIA, Linn. (LOCUST-TREE.)

(486.) R. Pseudacacia, Linn. Common Locust.

Cultivated and growing spontaneously from both suckers and seeds.
From Nova Scotia to western Ontario. It becomes a large tree and is
often 60 feet high.

(487.) P. viscosa, Vent. Clammy Locust.
P. hispida, Macoun's Cat., No. 424.

Cultivated with the preceding, but never attaining a large size.
Both species are very showy and are much valued for ornamental
purposes.

142. ASTRAGALUS, Linn. (MILK VETCH.)

(488.) A. lentiginosus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 151.
A. diaphahus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 151.

Barren grounds in the valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.) .Nicola
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)

(489.) A. caryocarpus, Ker. Hook. Fl. I., 150.

Hilly grounds of the Saskatchewan, especially about Carlton. (Doug-
las.) Quite common on the prairie, from the Eed Eiver, westward.
It grows in large tufts, which lie flat on the ground in fruit. (Macoun.)

(490.) A. Lyallii, Gray.

Probably in the mountains, along the southern boundary of British
Columbia. (Lyall.)

(491.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Canadian Milk Vetch.
A. Carolinianus, Linn. Pursh, 472.

Eiver banks and rocky margins of fields. Vicinity of Quebec to the
Eocky Mountains, and north to Nelson Eiver, near Hudson's Bay.

(492.) A. adsurgens, Pall. Hook. Fl. L, 149.
A. striatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 330.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and Assiniboine Eivers, as far as the
mountains. (Richardson.) Very abundant on the prairie, from the
Eed Eiver to the Eocky Mountains, and north to Green Lake, Lat 56°.
(Macoun.) Nelson Eiver, between Lake Winnipeg and the coast of
Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.) Common along the 49th parallel, and at
Woody Mountain. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. Ill

(493.) A. hypoglottis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 148.
A. goniatus, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 330.

Dry hills of the Saskatchewan, and on the Eagle and Bed Deer Hills
of the same river, also on Eed Eiver, near Pembina. (Douglas.) Very
abundant on the eastern prairie region and north to Peace Eiver, east
of the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) East coast of Hudson's Bay,
Hayes Eiver, and along Nelson p Eiver, near Hudson's Bay. (_R. Bell.}
Eed Eiver Prairie, First Crossing of Souris Eiver, and Traders' Eoad,
north of Woody Mountain, N.W.T. (Dawson.} Point Barrow and
eastward along the Arctic coast. (Capt. Pullen.) Fort Youuon. (W.
H. DaU.)

(494.) A. Drummondii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 153.

Eagle and Eed Deer Hills of the Saskatchewan, also Carlton House.
(Douglas.} On the Hand Hills and the hilly region to the east ; also,
on the Cypress Hills west of Fort Walsh, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

(495.) A. racemosus, Pursh, T40.

Abundant on the Dirt Hills, and at Moose Jaw Creek, where the
C. P. Eailway crosses, N.W.T. (Macoun.}

(496.) A. aboriginum, Eichards.
Phaca aboriginum, Hook. Fl. I., 143.

From Lake Winnipeg to the Eocky Mountains, and as far north as
Bear Lake, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson & Drummond.) Abundant on gravel
on the west side of the Qu'Appelle Valley at the crossing of the Carlton
Trail ; on a gravel ridge on top of the Cypress Hills, and in the Bow
Eiver Pass, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Pembina Mountain and Short Creek,
Souris Eiver, near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Fort Confidence,
Lat. 67°. (Simpson.')

(497.) A. glabriusculus, Gray.

Phaca glabriuscula, Hook. Fl. I., 144.

Valleys of the Eocky Mountains. Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(498.) A. oroboides, Hornem., var. Americanus, Gray.

Phaca elegans, Hook. Fl. I., 144.

P. parviftora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 348.

A. oroboides, Hook. Arct. PL, 289, in part.

Along the Ste. Anne des Monts Eiver, Gaspe*. (Macoun.) Coast of
Labrador. (McGill Coll, Herb.} In the Eocky Mountains, and on the
higher summits of the mountains. (Drummond.) In the elevated
country north of Fort St. John, Peace Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Maeoun.)
Churchill Eiver. (E. Sell.)

112 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(499.) A. alpinus, Linn.

A. secundus, Michx. Fl. L. 66, not DC.
Phaca astragalina, DC. Hopk. Fl. L, 145.
A- Labradoricus, Hook. Fl. L, 150.
A. Robbinsii, Matthew PL Acad., 15, not Gray.

Newfoxindland and Labrador. (Morrison.) Coast of Labrador.
(Butler.'} Nepisiquit River ; also upper St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
At Macleod's Lake, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) In the
Kocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) In the extreme Arctic
regions. (Richardson.) Churchill and Nelson Rivers, near Hudson's
Bay. (R. Bell.*) Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow, and Fort Youcon.
(W. H. Dall.) Back's Great Fish River. (Back.)

(500.) A. lotiflorus, Hook. Fl. I., 152.
Phaca lotiflora, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1., 349.

About Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Along the
northern base of the Cypress Hills, at Setter's Farm, and on clay flats
farther west ; a rare species. (Macoun.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)

(501.) A. Missouriensis, Null.

A. melanocarpus, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 150.

Plains of the Saskatchewan, and Eagle and Red Deer Hills of the
same river. (Richard son. ~) Abundant on the margins of saline depres-
sions and on clay flats at Long Lake and Moose Mountain, and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Short Creek, Souris River.
(Daw son.)

(502.) A. Beckwithii, Torr. & Gray.

Arid soil along the Thompson River, below Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) Nicola Valley, near the same place. (Dawson.)

(503.) A. Purshii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I, 152.

Phaca mollissima, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 350.

In abundance along the Thompson, below Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Hill & Macoun.)

(504.) A. Coo peri, Gray.

Phacp neglecta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 344.

Rocky ground and gravelly banks of rivers. Hillside, Gasp6 Basin, Q.;
Myersburg and vicinity of Marmora village, Northumberland Co., and
Bruce Peninsula, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont, and on
the Grand Manitoulin Island, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) La Cloche
and Whiskey Islands, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.)
Montreal Island, Q ; Bosanquet, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

(505.) A. Cibbsii, Kellogg.

A. cyrtoides, Gray.
Dry soil, Nicola Valley, B. 0. (Dawson.) Specimens without fruit.

(506.) A. speirocarpus, Gray.
On the Upper Columbia. (JJyall.)

(507.) A. frigidus, Gray, var. Americanus, Watson.

Phaca frigida, Richards. PI. Bourgeau, 255.
P. frigida, var. Americana, Hook. Fl. I., 140.

Woody regions of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, north to Slave
Lake, Lat. 61°. (Richardson.) On the mountains in the S. Kootanie
Pass. (Dawson.) Cariboo Moiintains, B.C. (Cowley.) On the Nelson
Eiver, near Hudson's Bay. (R. Sell.) Wooded country, between
Edmonton and Peace Eiver ; Bow Eiver Pass, above Morley ; and in
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) On the coast between the
Mackenzie and Coppermine E /ers. (Simpson.')

Var. littoralis, Watson.

Phaca frigida, var. littoralis, Hook. Fl. I., 140.
Astragalus frigidus, Rothr. Alask. 445.

Arctic shores, west of the Mackenzie Eiver to Cape Lisburne, in
Behring's Straits. (Hooker.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(508.) A. microcystis, Gray.

On the banks of Methy Eiver, east of Portage La Loche — 1875

(Macoun.)

(509.) A. bisulcatus, Gray.

Phaca bisvlcata, Hook. Fl. I., 145.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Very abundant on dry
slopes, from Fort Ellice westward across the prairies. (Macoun.)

(510.) A. pectinatus, Dougl.

Phaca pectinata, Hook. Fl. I., 141.

Pastures of the Saskatchewan, and on the Eed Deer and Eagle Hills
bordering on that river. (Douglas.) Common on gravelly slopes from
the Souris west to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) First Crossing
of Souris Eiver, N.W.T., on dry prairie. (Dawson.)

(511.) A. flexuosus, Dougl.

Phaca flexuosa, Hook. Fl. I., 141.

P. elongata, Hook. Fl. I., 140. PI. Bourgeau, 255.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Abundant on elevated

114 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

and dry soils of the Red River and Assiniboine, Lat. 50°. (Douglas.)
From the Red River westward to the Rocky Mountains ; very abun-
dant. (Macoun.) Red River prairie, Pembina Mountain, Woody
Mountain and Short Creek, Souris River, N.W.T. ; common. (Dawson.)

(512.) A. collinus, Dougl.

Phaca collina, Hook. Fl. I., 141.

On dry slopes of the mountains above Spence's Bridge, B. C.

(Dawson.)

(513.) A. multiflorus, Gray.

A. tcnellus, Pursh, 473.

Ervum multiflorum, Pursh, 739.

Phaca nigrescens, Hook. Fl. I., 143.

Homalobus multiflorus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 351.

//. dispar, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 350.

Astragalus nigrescens, Gray, PI. Bourgeau, 255.

On the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as
Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie River, in Lat. 65°. (Richardson.')
Very abundant on the prairies west of Fort Ellice to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.}

(514.) A. Bourgovii, Gray.

Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.} Rocky Mountains,
S. Kootanie Pass (6000 feet.) (Dawson.)

(515.) A. Palliseri, Gray.
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.)

(516.) A. decumbens, Gray.

Homalobus decumbens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 352.

On dry ground around Spence's Bridge, B. C. (Macoun & Hill.}
Chilcoten Plains, B.C. (Dawson.)

(517.) A. csespitosus, Gray.

Homalobus csespitosus, & canescens, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 352.
On gravelly ridges in the centre of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.)
Dry bank, White Mud River, 49th parallel, south of Cypress Hills.
(Dawson.} '

(518.) A. Kentrophyta, Gray.

Kentrophyta montana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 353.
K. viridis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 353.

Borders of Stinking Lake, north of Cypress Hills, in sand. (Macoun.)
Along Belly River, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

115

(519.) A. triphyllus, Pursh.

Phaca csespitosa, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L, 143.

P. argophylla, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 342.

Between Carlton and Edmonton, on the Saskatchewan. (Drum-
mond.) On dry, gravelly hills, from the Souris to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Along the 49th parallel, east of Woody Mountain. (Dawson.)

(520.) A. polaris, Benth.

Ee-discovered by Seemanu at Eschscholtz Bay, in Kotzebue Sound,
during the voyage of the " Herald." (J. D. Hooker.)

(521.) A. pauciflorus, Hook. Fl. I., 149.

Among the rocks in the more elevated regions of the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond.) Bed of the Bow River at Morley : also on the
summit of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) S. Kootanie Pass, near the
49th parallel. (Dawson,)

(522.) A. vaginatus, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 149.

Woody country, Lat. 54°.-64°. (Richardson.')
(523.) A. ?

Upper part of the Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.') Specimens with-
out fruit.

(524.) A. ?

Whipsaw Creek, B.C., June 17th, 187*7. (Dawson.) Specimens
without fruit.

143. OXYTROPIS, DC. (OXYTROPIS.)

(525.) O. podocarpa, Gray.

0. arctica, var. inflata. Hook. Fl. I., 146.

Labrador and the Arctic regions. (Gray.) Highest summits of the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) High elevations, Bow
River Pass. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

(526.) O. Uralensis, DC., var. pumila, Ledeb.
0. artica, R. Brown. Hook. Fl. I., 146, in part.

St. Paul's Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Arctic shores
and islands. Kotzebue Sound and west coast of Alaska. (Hooker.)
Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

116 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(527.) O. campestris, DC. Hook. FI. I, 147.

0. borealis, DC. Hook. Fl. L, 145.

Islands in St. John Eiver, N.B. (Bailey.*) Edmundton and along
the banks of the Upper St. John, N.B. (Hay.} Cliffs near Cape "St.
Louis, Gasp£ coast. (Macovn.) Isle of Orleans, and coast of Labrador.
(Brunei.) From Carlton to the Rocky Mountains, and as far as the
sources of the Columbia (Douglas.) Bear Lake to the Arctic shores
and islands. (Richardson.) At Spence's Bridge, B.C. Throughout the
prairie region, very common. (Macoun.) Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr.
AlasJc.) Baffin's Bay. (Hooker.)

Var. vise id a, Watson.

0. visdda, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I, 341.
0. campestris. ? PL Bourgeau, 256.

Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeon.) Bow Eiver at the Blackfoot
Crossing and at Morley, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

(528.) O. Lamberti, Pursh, 740. .

0. Hookeriana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 340.
0, Plattensis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 340.
0. sericea, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 339.

Dry banks on the Eed Eiver and Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) Prairies
in the valleys of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Yery abundant
throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) North Antler Creek,
White Mud Eiver, and First Crossing of the Souris, N.W.T. ; always on
dry ground. (Dawson.*)

(529.) O. nana, Nutt.

? 0. argentata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 146.

Woody country, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)
(530.) O. nigrescens, Fisch. Hook. Fl. I, 147.

Island of St. Lawrence in Behring's Straits. (De Candolle.)
(531.) O. splendens, Dougl.

On limestone rocks of the Eed Eiver and south to Pembina. (Douglas.)
Very abundant from Brandon, westward to the Eocky Mountains,
throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Turtle Mountain, N.W.T.
(Dawson.)

Var. Richardson!, Hooh. Fl. I., 148.

0. oxyphylla, Richards, in Frankl. Journ. 17.
From Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan, north to Fort Frank-

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

117

lin and Bear Lake, and west to the dry prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond.) From Edmonton to the Peace River region,
and through the Rocky Mountains to the Findley Branch of the Peace
River, on the west side of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(532.) O. deflexa, DC.

0. foliolosa, Hook. Fl. I., 146.

From Carlton to the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
Abundant from the middle crossing of the Little Saskatchewan to the
Rocky Mountains; generally on the sides of coulees. (Macoun.)
Southern British Columbia, in the -dry region. (Dawson.~)

144. HEDYSARUM, Tourn. (HEDYSARUM.)
(533.) H. boreal e, Nutt,

H. alpinum, Richards, in Frankl. Journ. 17.

H. alpinum, var. Americanum, Michx. Fl. II., 274.

Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Grand Falls of the St. John,
also on the Nepisiquit River, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Borders of Lake St.
John, Q. (Brunet.) Labrador. (Butler.) Rocky banks of the Dartmouth
River, Little Falls of the Magdalen River, and on cliffs along the Gaspd
coast. Very abundant on the prairies, and extending north to the
Peace River region. (Macoun.) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.)
Throughout the wooded country and north to the Arctic circle.
(Richardson.) Summit of Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Kotzebue
Sound and Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.) Between the Mackenzie
and Coppermine Rivers. (Simpson.)

(534.) H. Mackenzii, Richards.

H. boreale, Eichards. Frankl. Journ., 745.
H. canescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 357.

Barren grounds north of Lat. 64° ; as far north as the shores of the
Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) On the Saskatchewan, about Carlton and
westward to the mountains. (Drummond.) On the Eagle and Red
Deer Hills of the Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) On Hayes River and the
east coast of Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.) In great abundance 20 miles
west of Moose Mountain ; on the Cypress Hills ; vicinity of the Hand
Hills ; in the Bow River Pass and on the banks of Peace River and the
lower slopes of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. (Macoun.) Youcon
River, 50 miles west of Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.) This is a very
beautiful species. Its root is eaten by the Indians wherever it is found.

118 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

145. DESMODIUM, DC. (TICK TREFOIL.)
(535.) D. nudiflorum, DC.

Hedysarum nudiflorum, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 71.

Eich woodlands and sandy thickets. Rare eastward. About Quebec.
(Cleghorn.) Papineau Wood, Montreal. (Holmes.) Rare in eastern
Ontario. (Billings.) Oak Hills, 16 miles north of Belleville ; near
Brighton Village and at Niagara Falls, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) London, Ont., not rare. (Burgess.)

(536.) D. acuminatum, DC.

Hedysarum acuminatum, Michx. Fl. II., 72.

Rich woods ; common throughout Ontario, and eastward in Quebec
to the Isle of Orleans.

(537.) D. pauciflorum, DC.

Rich woods of western Ontario. Woods at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.) ?

(538.)) D. rotund if olium, DC.

Hedysarum rolundif olium, Michx. Fl. II., 72.
Dry, sandy woods, near London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(539.) D. cuspi datum, Hook.

Hedysarum cuspidatum, Muhl. Pursh, 483.

H. bracteosum, Michx. Fl. II., 73.

D. bracteosum, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 154.

Rocky thickets ; rather local. Meyersburg, Northumberland Co.,
Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. [?] (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Cayuga, St. Catharines, and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Near Fort Erie, rare ; also, at
Queenston Heights. (Doug Cos.)

(540.) D. canescens, DC.

Hedysarum canescens, Linn. Pursh, 482.
H. viridiflorum, Willcl. Pursh, 482.

In moist soil, Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
(541.) D. Dillenii, Darling. Macoun's Cat., No. 469.
Hedysarum Marilandicum, Willd. Pursh, 482.

Dry, rather open thickets, Queenston Heights. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Not rare at London, Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 119

(542.) D. paniculatum, DC.

Hedysarum paniculatum, Linn. Pursh, 483.

Dry, sandy thickets. Eice Lake Plains, near Castleton, Ont.
(Macoun.) At Hamilton, Ont. (.Logic.) St. Catharines and Maiden,
Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(543.) D. Canadense, DC.

Hedysarum Canadense, Linn. Pursh, 481.

Dry, rich woods or thickets ; common throughout Quebec and
Ontario : Fredericton and upper St. John, N.B. (Foivlcr's Cat.) Along
Hammond Eiver, King's Co., N.B. (J. Brittain.) Lake of the Woods.
(fiurgess. As far north as Norway House, at the north end of Lake
Winnipeg. (Hooker.)

(544.) D. ciliare, DC.

Hedysarum ciliare, Muhl. Pursh, 482.

D. Marilandicum, Macoun's Cat., No. 466.

Dry, sandy thickets, Queenston Heights, Ont., 1877. (Macoun.)
146. LESPEDEZA, Michx. (BUSH CLOVER.)

(545.) L. repens, Barton.

L. procumbens, Michx. Gray, Manual, 137.
L. proslrata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 156.

Sandy soil, Ontario. (Douglas.) The Dell, Ancaster, near Hamilton,

Ont. (Loyie.) These very likely refer to the next species.

•
(546.) L. reticulata, Pers.

L. sessiliflora, Michx. Fl. II., 70. in part.

L. violacea, var. sessiliflora, Torr. & Gray, FL I., 367.

L. violacea, Macoun's Cat., No. 475.

Dry copses and borders of woods. The Dell, Ancaster, Ont. (Logic.)
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada.
(Holmes.)

(547.) L. hirta, Ell.

L. polystachya, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 156.

Dry, sandy hillsides. Common about Sandwich, Ont. (Douglas.)
Oak Hills, 11 miles north of Belleville; also, Queenston Heights and
Niagara Falls, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)

120 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Prince's Island, Lake Medad, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) St.
Catharines, Thorold, and Queenston, Ont. (Maclagan.*) Bather com-
mon at London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(548.) L. capitata, Michx.

Dry sandy soil, in thickets and open woods. Eice Lake Plains, Oak
Hills, near Belleville, and Queenston Heights, Ont. (Macoun.) Gravel
Pit, west of Prescott, and westward along the St. Lawrence. (Billings.*)
Prince's Island, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.*) Huron County, Ont.
(Gibson.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.*) Common at London, Ont. (Burgess)

147. VICIA, Tourn. (VETCH. TARE.)

(549.) V. sativa, Linn. Common Vetch.

Naturalized through cultivation, and by the agency of railways. It
is more commonlj* found in railway cuttings and along embankments
than in fields.

(550.) V. tetrasperma, Loisel.

Ervum tetraspermum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 158.

Introduced from Europe. Windsor and Halifax, N.S. (Dawson.)
Abundant, along the railway track near St. John, N.B. (fowler's Cat.)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Brunei.*) Longueuil, Q. (Maclagan.*) Montreal, Q.
(Me Gill Coll. Herb.*) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Grassy
meadows, Ontario. (Douglas.)

(551.) V. hirsuta, Koch.

Ervum hirsutum, Linn. Hook. FL L, 158.

Introduced in a few places. Along the railwa}7 near St. John, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec. (Brunei.*) Common at Riviere
du Loup, Q. (Thomas.*) Garden weed in Ottawa and Perth, Ont.
( Whyte.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(552.) V. Cracca, Linn.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.)
Fields and waste places, N.B., not common. (Fowler's Cat.) Very
common throughout Quebec. Collected at Ottawa, Prescott and Belle-
ville, which latter is its western limit in Ontario. This is with us an
eastern species.

(553.) V. Caroliniana, Walter.
V. parviftoru, Michx. Fl. II., 69.
Eiver banks and lake shores. Bay of Quinte, both sides, rather

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

121

common. On the bank of the Detroit River at Amherstburg, Ont.
(Macoun.) Chippawa, Navy Island, and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Ontario, near the lakes. (Douglas.)

(554.) V. Americana, Muhl.

V. tridentata, Schw. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 272.
V. Oregana, Nutt. Macoun's Cat., No. 478.

Belledune, Eestigouche, N. B. (Chalmers.) From the Falls of
Niagara to the Pacific coast. Very abundant in the northern prairie
region and in the wooded country, as far north as Bear Lake. It is
also abundant in the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia, and north
to Alaska.

Var. linearis, Watson.

Lathyrus linearis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 276.
L. dissitifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 277.

Very abundant throughout the prairie region, N.W.T. Not seen in
the forest country. (Macoun.')

(555.) V. gigantea, Hook. Fl. L, 157.

Along the Pacific coast to Alaska. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Sitka, and Arctic coast. (Roth. Alask.)

148. LATHYRUS, Linn. (EVERLASTING PEA.)

(556.) L. maritimus, Bigel.

Pisum maritimwn, Linn. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 17.
L. pisiformis, Hook. Fl. I., 158.

Coast of Labrador. (McGrill Coll. Herb.) Abundant on sea beaches,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and around the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
James Bay, east side of Hudson's Bay, and north end of Lake Winnipeg.
(R. Bell.) Sand beaches along the Great Lakes, quite common.
(Macoun.) Muskoka Lakes and Georgian Bay. (Burgess.) Shores of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Johnston's Strait, B. C. (Dawson.)
Sitka and western coast of Alaska. (Roth. Alask)

(557.) L. venosus, Muhl.

L. decaphyllus, Hook. Fl. I., 159.

From the Kaministiquia River, Lake Superior, across the continent
to the Pacific Ocean. This species is abundant in the mixed prairie
and forest country, north of Lat. 52°.

122 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(558.) L. ochroleucus, Hook. Fl. I., 159.

L. pisiformis, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 17.

Mississquoi Lake, Q. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) From Ottawa, in the forest
country, west to the Coast Range, B.C. ; abundant in northern British
Columbia, and extending north on the Mackenzie to Bear Lake, and
beyond the Arctic Circle.

(559.) L. palustcr, Linn.

Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Magdalen Islands and
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, and across the mixed
forest region to British Columbia. It is usually found in beaver
meadows, along streams, or low thickets, in wet places.

Var. myrtifolius, Gray.

L. myrtifolius, Muhl. Macoun's Cat., No. 487.
L. stipulaceus, LeConte. Hook. Fl. L, 160.
L. venoms, var. <?. Torr. & Gray. Fl. L, 274.

Rocky banks of rivers. Common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
Rather common in Quebec, and extending to the Sault Ste. Marie.
(Macoun.) Near Fort Erie, and extending along the Niagara to
Queenston. (Douglas.)

(560.) L. pratensis, Linn.
Escaped from cultivation at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

149. APIOS, Boer. (GROUND NUT. WILD BEAN.)

(561.). A. tuberosa, Mo3nch.

Glycine Apios, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 63.

Along the margins of rivers and rocky banks. Keswick Ridge, and
along the banks of the St. John River, at Fredericton ; found also
at St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) West River, N.S. (Lindsay.) St.
Nicholas, and Lotbiniere, Q. (Brunei.) Islands in Lake St. Peter,
Bdcancour, Q. (Provancher.) Common in the western part of Quebec.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Rather common throughout Ontario in suitable
localities.

150. PHASEOLUS, Linn. (KIDNEY BEAN.)
(562.) P. diversifolius, Pers.

P. trilobus, Michx. Fl. II., 60.

On sandy beaches and banks. Montreal, Q., and Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Port Stanley, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Amherstburg and

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 123

Pelee Point, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.~)

This is doubtless the P. helvolus of Saunders and Logie. Canadian
Journal, Vol. XV., p. 360.

151. AMPHICARP/EA, Ell. (HOG PEANUT.)
(563.) A. monoica, Ell.

Glycine monoica, Linn. Pursh, 485.

St. John Eiver, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in moist thickets
throughout western Quebec and Ontario, extending to the Kaminis-
tiquia Kiver, above Fort William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.}

152. BAPTISIA, Vent. (FALSE INDIGO.)
(564.) B. tinctoria, B. Br. Wild Indigo.

Podalyria tinctoria, Lam. Michx. Fl. L, 265.

Dry or damp sandy woods. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie?)
Colchester Township and Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Abundant in
sandy thickets about halfway between Essex Centre and Leamington,
Ont. (Macoun.~)

(565.) B. leucantha, Torr. & Gray.

B. alba, Hook. Fl. L, 129. Macoun's Cat., No. 494.

In rich alluvial soil. Shore of Lake Erie. (Goldie.) This species
has not been detected since the time of Goldie.

i53.GYMNOCLADUS, Lam. (KENTUCKY COFFEE-TREE.)

(566.) C. Canadensis, Lam.

A number of very large trees of this species were found growing on
the northern end of Pelee Island, in Lake Erie, in the summer of 1882.
The settlers on the island say that there were many others when they
began to clear off the timber. A few of the trees were over two feet
in diameter. This species has been planted in the town of Niagara,
where it has attained a large size, and seems to bear the winter with-
out injury. Two large trees of this species are to be seen close to
Eideau Hall, near Ottawa, where they must have stood for nearly half
a century. (Macoun.}

124 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

154. CLEDITISCHIA, Linn. (HONEY LOCUST.)

(567.) C. triacanthos, Linn. Three-thorned Acacia.

This species is common in cultivation throughout Ontario, and is
quite hardy. In the summer of 1882 numerous trees of it were found
growing on the sand dunes of Pelee Point. The seed had probably
drifted across the lake from Ohio, as sand is not the true habitat of
this tree.

XXXII. EOSACE^E. EOSE FAMILY.

155. PRUNUS, Tourn. (PLUM. CHERRY.)
(568.) P. Americana, Marshall. Wild Plum.

P. nigra, Ait. Pursh, 331.

Cerasus nigra, Loisel. Hook. Fl. I., 167.

Common in thickets from Montreal westward to Eed Eiver and the
Assiniboine, about the 100° meridian.

Var. moll is, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 407.

? P. Canadensis. Linn. Pursh, 330.
P. hiemalis, Michx. Fl. I., 284.
P. mollis, Torr., Fl. U.S., 470.
Cerasus hiemalis, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 168.

La Grand Chaudiere [Chaudiere Falls, Ottawa]. (?) (Pursh.) This
is the black-fruited variety of our wild plum, and is to be looked for
throughout Ontario. It is probable we have two species in our terri-
tory.
(569.) P. maritima, Wang. Beach Plum.

P. sphcerocarpa, Michx. Fl. I., 284.
P. pubescens, Pursh, 331.

I introduce this species on the authority of L'Abbe Ovide Brunet,
who quotes Pursh and the Hon. William Shepherd as his authorities.
Borders of the Ottawa (?). (Pursh.) It may be looked for on the
Island of Grand Manan and at St. Stephen, New Brunswick.

(570.) P. pumila, Linn. Sand, or Dwarf Cherry.
Cerasus pumila, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 167.
P. depressa, Pursh, 332.
Cerasus depressa, Seringe. Hook. FL L, 168.

Sand beaches and sand dunes and plains. St. John Eiver, and along

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 125

the Bestigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.') Bestigouche Biver, N.B., Isle
of Orleans, and Lake Mistassini, Q. (Brunei?) Biver St. Lawrence at
Montreal. (Holmes.'} Beaches, Gasp6 coast, and westward along the
St. Lawrence and Great Lakes and on the prairies to about the 106th
meridian.

(571.) P. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Bird Cherry.

P. borealis, Poir. Pursh, 538.
1 Cerasus borealis, Michx. Fl. L, 286.
C. Pennsylvanica, Scringe. Hook. Fl. L, 168.

From Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to
the Bocky Mountains, where it is a small bush. Hence through northern
British Columbia to the Coast Bange.

(572.) P. emarginata, Walp.

Cerasus emarginata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 169.

Southern British Columbia near the coast, also on Vancouver Island
in the vicinity of Victoria.

Var. mollis, Brewer. Bot. Cal. I., 167.

Cerasus mollis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. L, 169.
Prunus mollis, Walp. Macoun's Cat., No. 501.

On subalpine hills, near the source of the Columbia. (Douglas.*)
Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at Yale, B.C. (Macoun.}

(573.) P. Virginiana, Linn. Choke Cherry.

P. serotina, Poir. Pursh. 330.

Cerasus Virginiana, Loisel. PI. Bourgeau, 256.

Cerasus serotina, Hook. Fl. I., 169.

Very abundant in thickets, extending from Newfoundland, Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick across the entire continent. On the Pacific
coast, it seems to merge into the next species, which at any rate takes
its place on the coast. It is found as far north as Lat. 62° on the Mac-
kenzie. On the southern prairie amongst sand and along river banks,
it produces fruit which vies in sweetness with the far-famed " Sas-
kutoom" berries of the Plain Indians. The prairie form should be
carefully compared with the eastern one.

(574.) P. demissa, Walp.

Cerasus serotina, Hook. Fl. I., 169, in part.
Cerasus demissa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 411.

Along the coast of British Columbia, and in the interior as far as
Cache Creek.

126 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

It is extremely probable that three species are included in the two
mentioned above, and that the prairie form is a species intermediate
between P. Virginiana and P. demissa.

(575.) P. serotina, Ehrh. Black Cherry.
P. Virginiana, Mill. Pursh, 329.
Cerasus Virginiana, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 169.
Cerasus serotina, Loisel. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 410.

Rich woods and fence corners. Growing into a very large tree in
western Ontario, where it attains its greatest dimensions, overtopping
other trees of the forest. North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)
Ox Bow, Salmon Eiver, N.B., rare. (Fowler's Cat.} Eastern Town-
ships. Q. (Brunet.) Abundant throughout Ontario, and as far west as
the Kaministiquia Eiver, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

156. NUTTALLIA, Torr. & Gray. (OSO BERRY.)

(576.) N. cerasiformis, Torr. & Gray.

Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and up the Eraser as far as
Yale, B.C. (Macoun.)

157. SPIR/EA, Linn. (MEADOW-SWEET.)

(577.) S. salicifolia, Linn. Common Meadow-Sweet.)
S. hypericifolia, Marsh. Pursh, 341.
S. hypericifolia, var. Plunkenetia, Hook. Fl. I., 171.

Low damp places, generally near ponds and margins of streams,
from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and westward to the
base of the Rocky Mountains. Point Barrow to Mackenzie River on
Arctic Sea. (Pullen.') The leaves of this species assume a multiplicity
of forms.

(578.) S. tomentosa, Linn. Hardback. Steeple Bush.

Low rich grounds. Common in Nova Scotia. (McKay.) Rather
scarce in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.') Not rare in Quebec and
extending in Ontario through the northern counties to Muskoka.
(Burgess.)

(579.) S. betulifolia, Pallas. Birch-leaved Spiraea.

S. chamcedrifolia, var. media, Pursh, 342. Hook. Fl. L, 171.
S. corymbosa, Raf. Gray, Manual, 149.
S. chamcedrifolia, var. (3., Hook. Fl. L, 171.

Abundant in thickets on the Cypress Hills and in the Bow River

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

127

Pass. Common in northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) West
Butte and S. Kootanie Pass, near the 49th parallel; and Iroquois
Creek, near Pine Pass, Kocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Sledge Island,
in Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Chamisso's Island in Kotzebue
Sound; also on the mainland. (Rothr. Alask.)

(580.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 172.

North-west coast of America, Straits of De Fuca. (Douglas.'} Coast
Eange about the head of Salmon Elver, B.C. (Dawson.)

Var. Menziesii, Presl.

S. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 173. Macoun's Cat., No. 509.

North-west coast of America. (Memies.) Coast of the Pacific in
Johnston's Strait, B.C. (Dawson.)

(581.) S. discolor, Pursh, 342, var. ariaefolia, Watson.

S. arifcfolia, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 173. Macoun's Cat., No. 510.

Frequent along the west coast, Lat. 40°-49°, forming part of the
underwood of the torests. (Douglas.') Common around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Along the coast northward from Vic-
toria. (Dawson.)

(582.) S. Aruncus, Linn. Goat's Beard.

Moist woods near the source of the Columbia, B.C. (Drummond.)
Woods near McLeod's Lake, B.C., Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands ; Coast Eange ; and Misinchinca Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)
Mountains of Cariboo, B.C. (Cowley.)

(583.) S. pectinata, Torr. & Gray.

Saxifraga pectinata, Pursh, 312.
Eriogynia pectinata, Hook. Fl. L, 255.

Height of land upon the Eocky Mountains on the west side, near the
sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Behring's Straits. (Menzies.*)
Sitka and about Behring's Straits. (Rothr. Alask.)

158. NEILLIA, Don. (NINE BARK.)

(584.) N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook.

Spirsea opulifolia, Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 171. Macoun's Cat., No. 512.

Eiver banks and gravelly shores of lakes. Near Quebec. (Brunei.)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Thomas.) Island of Montreal. (Holmes.') Abun-
dant along the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes and westward to 30

128 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

miles up the Kaministiquia, Lake Superior. Also Rainy River and
Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan (?). (Richardson.')

Var. moll is, Brew. & Wat. Bot. Cal. I., HI.

Spirsea capitata, Pursh, 342.

L. opidifolia, var. mollis, Hook. Fl. I., 171.

Along the Upper Columbia, B.C. (Douglas.)

159. GILLENIA, Mcench. (INDIAN PHYSIC.)

(585.) C. trifoliata, Moench.

Spirsea trifoliata, Linn. Michx. Fl. I., 294.

Rich woods ; only found on Prince's Island, near Hamilton. (Logie.)
Canada. (Pursh.)

160. RUBUS, Tourn. (BRAMBLE.)

(586.) R. odoratus, Linn. Purple Flowering Raspberry.

Rocky and other thickets and fence corners. Cultivated in Nova
Scotia, possibly a few plants wild. (Laivson.) From Riviere du Loup
(Thomas) westward throughout Ontario to Goulais Point, Lake Su-
perior. (R. Sell.)

(587.) R. Nutkanus, Mo§ino. White Flowering Raspberry.

Rocky thickets, from the Sault Ste. Marie, along the north shore of
Lake Superior and westward to Lake Shehandowan, Dawson Route ;
St. John's Peace River and westward to the Pacific and Vancouver
Island. Found throughout British Columbia, and on the eastern side
of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) S. Kootanie Pass on the 40th
parallel, and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Bischoff.)

(588.) R. Chamaemorus, Linn. Cloud Berry.

Specially abundant in the north, and when found at its southern
limit, always in cold peat bogs. Abundant in Nova Scotia, Cape
Breton, Newfoundland, Labrador, and westward in the forest country,
north of Lat. 54° to the Pacific. Northward to the Arctic Sea. Peat
bogs, N.B., rather rare. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in peat bogs, along
the Gaspe coast and at Riviere du Loup. (Thomas.) Peat bog at the
base of the Porcupine Mountain, Man., Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

129

(589.) R. arcticus, Linn. Arctic Kaspberiy.

Peat bogs and northern spruce woods. Labrador and Anticosti.
{Brunei. .) Newfoundland. (Torrey & Gray.} Top of Mount Albert,
Shickshock Mountains, Gasp£, Q. Peat bog, north-west angle of the
Lake of the Woods, wet woods and swamps, Porcupine Mountain,
Man., Lat, 53°, and occasionally through the forest region to Peace
Kiver, and Northern British Columbia, (Macoun.} Oxford House to
Knee Lake ; Churchill Kiver and east coast of Hudson's Bay. (JR. Sell.}
Kotzebue Sound and Bay of Good Hope. (Chamisso.)

Yar. grand iflorus, Ledeb.

R. acaidis, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 182.

R. piMillatw, Smith. Eichards. Frankl. Journ., 11.

R. propinquus, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 2nd Ed., 19.

In sphagnous swamps, Hudson's Bay. (Michaux.) From the Sas-
katchewan, in Lat. 53°, to Fort Franklin, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.)
From Labrador to the woods and swamps of the Eocky Mountains, Lat.
52°-56. (Drummond.) Northern British Columbia (Macoun & Dawsori)
This and the normal form are often confounded, but the zigzag stem of
the latter and the large flowers of the former easily distinguish them.

(590.) R. Dalibarda, Linn.

Dalibarda repens, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1., 184.
D. violceoides, Michx. Fl. I., 299.

Macoun's Cat., No. 564.

Pictou, N.S., and along the Bay of Fundy, not common. (McKay.)
In dry, mossy woods, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in many parts
of Quebec. (Brunei.} Yicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Mill-
grove marsh, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Gore Bay, Lake Huron.
(J. Bell.} Elliott's Falls, Peterboro Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Huron.
(Todd.) Chatham, Ont. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.)

(591.) R. pedatus, Smith. Creeping Kaspberry.

Northwest coast, as far north as Observatory Inlet, Lat. 55°.
(Douylas.} In shady woods, at the roots of rotten trees, on the Rocky
Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Creeping amongst rotten wood
near Macleod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) On the mountains above Fort
Hope and on the coast range near Bute Inlet, B.C. (Dawson.) Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.}

(592.) R. triflorus, Eichards. Dew Berry.

R. saxatilis, var. Canadensis, Michx. Fl. I., 298.
R. mucronatus, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 182.

In mossy woods or cedar swamps, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,

9

130 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

but not extending very far to the north, though common at York Fac-
tory, Hudson's Bay. Coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.")

(593.) R. stellatus, Smith.

Near Foggy Harbor on the north-west coast of America. (Menzies.)
This is an obscure and little-known species.

(f)94.) R. Strigosus, Michx. Eed Easpberry.

K. Idasus, Pursh, 346.

R. Idxus, var. Canadensis, Richards. Frankl. Journ., 11.

Coast of Labrador. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.~) Very abundant from Nova
Scotia to the Coast Eange in British Columbia. In woods, after being
burnt over, this species produces enormously, and might be made a
source of profit to the settlers in the lumbering districts.

(595.) R. neglectus, Peck.

R. intermedia, Macoun's Cat., No. 579.

Thickets and fence corners, clearly a hybrid between the preceding
and the next. One mile below Shannonville station, and not uncommon
around Belleville and in the counties of Hastings and Northumberland.
Also near Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.)

(596.) R. occidentaliS, Linn. Black Easpberry.

Eich moist woods and on old stumps of trees in cultivated fields.
Very common throughout Ontario. Scarcer in the Province of Quebec,
extending eastward to below Quebec City. (Brunei.} Keswick Eidge,
also said to occur in Westmoreland County, N.B. (Hay.)

(597.) R. spectabilis, Pursh.

Along the coast of British Columbia, west of the Coast Eange. Van-
couver and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Macoun & Damson.} Sitka,
Kodiak, and Cape St. Elias. (Eothr. Alask.)

(598.) R. leucodermis, Dougl.

R. occidentals, var. /?, Hook. Fl. I., 178.

North-west coast of America, and near the sources of the Columbia.
(Douglas.) Along the Fraser Eiver above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun)

(599.) R. ursinus, Cham. & Schlecht.

R. vitifolim, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 450.

R. macropetalus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 178. Macoun's Cat., No. 573.

Banks of rivers and low woods, in the valley of the Columbia.
(Douglas.) Vancouver Island near Victoria. (Macoun.) Coast Eange
and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 131

(600.) R. villosus, Ait. Thimble Berry.

Common in sandy woods and old clearings from Nova Scotia to Loon
Portage on the Dawson Koute, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

Var. frondosus, Torrey.

R. inermis, Willd. Pursh, 348.
R. mberectus, Hook. Fl. I., 179.

Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Abundant along the Grarjd Trunk Railway at Shannonville and at the
Carrying Place, head of the Bay of Quinte, Ont. (Macoun.) Between
Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.')

Var. humifusus, Torr. & Gray.

Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Eailway track at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Near London, Ont.

(Burgess.)

(601.) R. Canadensis, Linn.

R. flagellant Willd. Pursh, 347.
R. trimalis, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 180.

Thickets and rocky hills. Newfoundland. (Morrison.} Rather com-
mon in Nova Scotia. (McKay. ) Rocky places and thickets, N.B.,
common. (Fowler's Gat.) Not uncommon in Quebec. (Brunei.) Fre-
quent in Ontario, extending to Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

(602.) R. hispidus, Linn. Swamp Blackberry.

R. obovalis, Michx. Fl. L, 298.

R. obovatus, Ell. Hook. Fl. L, 180.

Trailing amongst grass in swampy ground. Pictou and Halifax, N.S.
(McKay.) Fredericton and other localities, N.B., rather rare. (Fowler's
Cat.) Near Montreal. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods north of Prescott Junction. (Billings.)
Beaver meadows and marshy flats throughout the northern portions of
Addington, Hastings and Peterboro Counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Nicolat
and Niagara, Ont. (Maclagan.) Common in swamps at London and
Sarnia, Ont. (Burgess.)

Var. setoSUS, Torr. & Gray.

R. setoms, Bigel. Hook. Fl. L, 179.

About Montreal. ( Vide Hooker, p. 180.) The var. is most probably
the eastern form of the species and ought to be compared with authen-
tic specimens.

132 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(603.) R. nival is, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 181.

On the high snowy ridges of the Eocky Mountains. (Douglas.') This
is an obscure species and should be looked for about the sources of the
Columbia.

161. PURSHIA, DC. ("CHAPPARAL.")

(604.) P. tridentata, DC.

Tigarea tridentata, Pursh, 333.
Osoyoos Lake, southern boundary of British Columbia. (Dawson.)

162. DRY AS, Linn. (DRYAS.)

(605.) D. octopetala, Linn.

Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, sometimes with double flowers.
(Drummond.) On the top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B. C., and on
Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Coast Eange,
near Bute Inlet, B. C., and on the Eocky Mountains, S. Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound to Port Clarence and northern shore.
(Rothr. Alask.) Cape Lisburne, in Behring's Straits. (Beechey.) Shores
and islands of the Arctic Sea. (Franklin.') Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

Var. integrifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.

D. integrifolia, Vahl. Hook. Fl. I., 174. Macoun's Cat., No. 522.
D. tenella, Pursh, 350.

Island of Anticosti. (Goldie.) Labrador. (Butler.) Churchill Eiver
and east coast of Hudson's Bay. (It. Bell.) In dry and rocky places
from Lat. 54° to the islands of the Arctic Sea, where it is abundant.
(Richardson.} Extending westward to Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.)
Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, especially on the more elevated ridges.
(Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.)

(606.) D. Drummondii, Hook.

On gravelly beaches and bars of rivers. Dartmouth, and Ste. Anne
des Monts, Eivers, Gaspe", Q. Gravel bars in the Bow Eiver at and
above Morley ; Peace Eiver, within the Eocky Mountains, and west to
the Blackwater Eiver, B.C. (Macoun.) Island of Anticosti. (Pursh.)
Slate Islands, Lake Superior. (Prof. Ellis.) In the woody country,
Lat. 54°-64°, and about Slave and Bear Lakes, as far as the mouth of
Bear Lake Eiver, and thence to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richard-
son.') Gravelly battures of alpine rivers, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.')
Eocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

133

163. GEUM, Linn. (AVENS.)

(607.) G. album, Gmelin.

G. Virginianum, Murr. Hook. Fl. I., 176.

Borders of damp or rich woods. Windsor and Truro, N.S. (How.')
Woodstock, rare ; Keswick Eidge, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.') Vicinity of
Quebec; Charleburg. (Brunei.} Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas?)
Valley of the Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Very abundant in western Quebec.
(McGrill Coll. Herb.) Plentiful throughout Ontario from the east to
Owen Sound. (Macoun.)

(608.) G. Virginianum, Linn.

Borders of fields in rich soil, rare. Hampton and Petitcodiac, N.B.
(J. Brittain.) Along the Grand Trunk Railway, three miles east of
Belleville, Ont. ; also Township of Brighton, Northumberland Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Chippawa and Maiden, Ont, (Maclagan.) Near London,
Ont. (Burgess.)

(609.) C. macrophyllum, Willd.
G. strictum, var. /?, Hook. Fl. I., 175.

Cold, rocky or mountain woods. Truro, Middleton and Guysboro',
N.S. (Lawson & Ball.) Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Hud-
son's Brook, Kent Co., also St. John, N.B., not common. (Fowler's Cat.)
Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) North-east shore of Lake Superior, between the
Pic River and Otter Head ; American Portage, Dawson Route, west of
Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Coast Range near Bute Inlet ; and Queen
Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(610.) G. strictum, Ait.

G. Canadense, Murr. Michx. Fl. I., 300.

From Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Coast Range in British
Columbia. A very common species in thickets and fence corners in
the east, and on the borders of ravines and low prairies in the west.

X

(611.) G. vernum, Torr. & Gray.

Open, damp woods, Amherstburg, on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)
(612.) G. rivale, Linn. Purple Avens.

Around springs and in boggy places. Common from Nova Scotia
and Newfoundland to the Coast Range, B.C.

134 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(613.) C. triflorum, Pursh.

G. ciliatum, Pursh, 352.

G. pubescens, Hook. Fl. L, 175.

Sieversia triflora, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.

Eocky ground, on dry ridges. Labrador. (Morrison.') Newfound-
land. (Cormack.) Limestone rocks, east of Trenton Station, on the
Grand Trunk Eailway ; also, on the same line in a rock cutting, east
of Shannonville Station, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London. (Burgess.)
Gait, Ont. (Buchan.) Abundant on the western prairies, and ex-
tending to Peace Eiver and through the Eocky Mountains to British
Columbia. (Macoun.) Lake Athabasca. (Richardson.)

(614.) C. calthifolium, Menzies.

G. radiatum, Pursh, 352, not Michaux.
Sieversia dilitata, R. Br., in Parry's 1st Voy. 276.
S. radiata, Hook. Fl. L, 177, not R. Br.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Ounalashka and Sitka.

(Rothr. Alask.)

(615.) C. glaciale, Fisch.

Sieversia glacialis, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.

Shores of the Arctic Sea, west of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Franklin.)
Cape Lisburne, in Behring's Straits. (Beechy.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. AlasJe.)

(616.) C. Rossii, Seringe.

Sieversia Rossii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. I., 176.

Melville Island. (Parry.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Bay of
St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) Islands north of Lancaster Sound and
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. hum He, Torr. & Gray.

Sieversia humilis, R. Br. Hook. Fl. L, 176.
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.)

164. WALDSTEINIA, Willd. (BARREN STRAWBERRY.)
(617.) W. fragarioides, Tratt.

Dalibarda fragarioides, Michx. Fl. I., 300.
Camaropis fragarioides, Nestler. Hook. Fl. I., 177.

Wooded hillsides, quite common in Ontario, from Ottawa to Cock-
burn Island, in Lake Huron. Generally on dry, sandy soil.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 135

165. SIBBALDIA, Linn. (SIBBALDIA.)
(618.) S. procumbens, Linn.

Potentilla procumbens, DeClairv. Macoun's Cat., No. 541.

Coast of Labrador. (McGrill Coll. Herb.) On the top of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.) Mountain top,
S. Kootanie Pass ; Coast Eange, B. C. (jDawson.~) Swamp Creek,
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.*) Prairies, and upon the heights
of the Bocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Ounalashka.
(Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

166. CHAM/ERHODOS, Bunge.
(619.) C. erecta, Bunge.

Sibbaldia erecta, Linn. Pursh, 211.

Dry, gravelly slopes and hillsides throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.) About Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.} Among
the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)

167. FRACARIA, Tourn. (STRAWBERRY.)

(620.) F. Virginiana, Duchesne. Wild Strawberry.
F. Canadensis, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 185.

Abundant from Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to the Coast Eange
of British Columbia, and north to Lat. 64°. It bears fruit abundantly
everywhere, but more particularly on newly cleared lands.

(621.) F. vesca, Linn. Wood Strawberry.

This is a forest species, fruiting abundantly in grassy woods. Not
so common as the other, but having the same range to the west. It
seems to be confined to a more southern latitude, as it has not been
found north of Lat. 56° on Peace Eiver.

(622.) F. Chilensis, Duchesne.

Common along the shores of British Columbia and Vancouver Island
and extending north to " Point Bodugo ". (Scouler.) This is the
strawberry found west of the Coast Eange.

Var. Scouleri, Hook. PL I., 185.

F. Chilensis, var. (3 & y in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 448.
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

136 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

168. POTENTILLA, Linn. (CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.)

(623.) P. arguta, Pursh.

Dry rocky thickets and open prairies. Keswick Bidge,N.B. (Moser.)
Devil's Eapids, Eiver Bouge, Q. (D' Urban.) From the vicinity of
Ottawa this species is more or less abundant to northern British
Columbia on the Nachacco Eiver. (Macoun.) In the Nicola Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) Woody country as far north as Lat. 65°. (Richardson.)

(624.) P. glandulosa, Lindl.

P. arguta, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 186, in part.
P. fissa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 446.

Eocky Mountains in the S. Kootanie Pass, and along the southern
border of British Columbia. (Dawson.)

(625.) P. Norvegica, Linn.

Very abundant in cultivated grounds, river bottoms and on lake
shores. From Nova Scotia to the Eocky Mountains, and as far north
as Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Hudson's Bay. (S. Bell.') Labrador
coast. (Butler.} Sitka and Point Barrow to the Mackenzie Eiver.
(Rothr. AlasJc.)

Var. hirsuta, Ton-. & Gray.

P. hirsute, Michx. Hook. FL I., 193.

From Quebec to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Michaux.) Plains of
the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) Lake Mistassini. (J. Richardson.)
Borders of ponds and lakes, prairie region ; and doubtless frequent in
Ontario. (Macoun.)

(626.) P. rivalis, Nutt., var. millegrana, Watson.

P. millegrana, Engelni. Macoun's Cat., No. 535.

Borders of ponds and lakelets in the south-western part of the prairie
region. Bather common. (Macoun.)

(627.) P. supina, Linn.

P. paradoxa, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 437.

Borders of lakes and ponds. Burlington Beach, Hamilton, Ont.
(•Buchan.) Shores of Toronto Island and westward up the lake shores
to Amherstburg, Ont. Abundant on the shores of Long Lake, Old
Wives' Lakes, Gull Lake, and many others in the prairie region.

(Macoun.)

(628.) P. Pennsylvania, Linn.

Dry, gravelly soil. North shore of St. Lawrence, Murray Bay.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 137

(McG-ill Coll. Herb.} St. Croix ; Eiviere du Loup, Q. (Krunet.} St.
Eoche des Autruts, Q. (Maclagan.) Lake Superior. (Prof. Ellis.')
On gravel beaches, both above and below Mont Louis, Gasp£ coast, Q.
Very abundant on the western plains and through the Rocky Moun-
tains to Spence's Bridge, in British Columbia. (Macoun.) As far north
as Bear Lake, and from Hudson's Bay to the Eocky Mountains.
(Richardson.) Churchill Eiver and near York Factory. (R. Sell.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. strigosa, Pursh, 356.

Abundant on the western plains and near Cache Creek, in Britis
Columbia. The common form in the prairie region. (Macoun.)

Var. bipinnatifida, Torr. & Gray.

P. bipinnatifida, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 188.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and Eed Eivers. (Douglas.) Vicinity
of Old Wives' Lakes, N.W.T., and westward. (Macoun.)

Var. glabrata, Watson.

P. sericea, var. glabrata, Hook. Fl. I., 189.
Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
(629.) P. Hookeriana, Lehm.

Collected on the Saskatchewan ; locality not stated. (Bourgeau.)
British America. ( Watson.) We have never met with this species.

(630.) P. pulchella, E.Br.

Islands of the Arctic Sea. (Ross.) Shores of the mainland between
the Coppermine and Mackenzie Eivers. (Richardson.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL) Mackenzie Eiver. (McGill Coll Herb.}

(631.) P. Hippiana, Lehm.

P. Pennsylvania , var. Hippiana, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 438.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and Eed Eivers and prairies of the
Eocky Mountains. (Drummond) Very abundant in the prairie region,
extending to the Eocky Mountains and British Columbia, below Cache
Creek. (Macoun.) Pine Eiver, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.)

Var. pulcherrima, Watson.

P. pulcherrima, Hook. Fl. I., 190.

P. Pennsylvania, var. pulcherrima, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 438.

P. rubricaulis, PI. Bourgeau, 256.

On the prairies as well as on dry banks, in the Eocky Mountains,
Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Point Wilkins, Lake Winnepegoosis, Man.

138 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

On limestone rocks near Stuart Lake, and at Cache Creek, B.C.
(Macoun.~)

(632.) P. effusa, Dougl.

On elevated grounds of the Assiniboine, and the higher parts of the
Red Eiver, plentiful. {Douglas.} Very common on the Souris Plain,
but seems to merge into the preceding species farther to the west.
(Macoun.)

(633.) P. Plattensis, Nutt.

P. sericea, var. p, PL Bourgeau, 256.

Very common from Cut Arm Creek, N.W.T., westward, and south-
ward towards the 49th parallel on saline, marshy soils. (Macoun.)
Saskatchewan Plains. (Bourgeau.)

(634.) P. dissecta, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 193.

P. diversifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 190. Macoun's Cat, No. 548.
P. Drummondii, Hook. Fl. I., 189. Macoun's Cat., No. 556.
P. rubricaulis, Hook. Fl. I., 191.

York Factory and Echimamish River. (R. Bell.*) Near Hudson's
Bay. (Pursh.) About Bear Lake, in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.} Alpine
woods and prairies in the Rocky Mountains, as well as on the higher
summits, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains in the S.
Kootanie Pass, and on the Coast Range, B.C. (Dawson.) Great Slave
Lake. (Me Gill Coll. Herb. )

(635.) P. gracilis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 1.92.
P. nivea, var. PI. Bourgeau, 256.

Common throughout the western prairies and extending into British
Columbia.

Var. flabelliformis, Torr. & Gray.

P. flabelliformis, Hook. Fl. I., 192. Macoun's Cat., 549.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond..') Abundant on the
western prairies. (Macoun.)

Var. fastigiata, Watson.

P. fastigiata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 440.

Old Wives Lakes, N.W.T., and westward, rare. (Macoun.)

Var. rigida, Watson.

P. chrysantha, Hook. Fl. I., 193.

P. rigida, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 440.

P. Nuttallii, Lehm. Macoun's Cat., No. 554.

Moist prairies near the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) In low

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 139

spots where water gathers in the spring, and near the margins of the
larger pools and depressions in the prairie. The commonest form of
the species. (Macoun.)

(636.) P. pilosa, Willd.

On bank of the Canada Southern Eailway, a little above the Clifton
House, Niagara Falls. A fine clump of this species was found growing
here in great luxuriance in July, 1882. Its tall rigid stems and light
yellow flowers distinguish it from P. gracilis, its near ally. This species
evidently came from southern Europe.

(637.) P. argentea, Linn. Silvery Cinque-foil.

Introduced into dry fields and pastures. In some localities probably
indigenous. Halifax, Truro, Margaretville, and Kentville, N.S. (Mc-
Kay.) Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Eiviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Field, back of the Drill Shed,
Kingston, Ont. ; sandy fields, Picton, Ont ; near Colborne, Ont., in a
field ; and abundant on vacant lots near St. James' Cemetery, Toronto.
(Macoun.) Dry fields near London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(638.) P. hum if usa, Nutt.

P. condnna, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 193. Macoun's Cat., No. 555.

Plains of the Saskatchewan about Carl ton. (Drummond.) On, the
tops of gravel knolls or hills throughout the prairie region, but rare.

(Macoun.)

(639.) P. nivea, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 195.

Labrador. (Hooker.) Churchill Eiver. (R. Bell.) Dry and ele-
vated ridges of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Mackenzie Eiyer. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Shores of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Islands of the Arctic Sea. (Parry.) Kotzebue Sound,
and coast west of Cape Bathurst. (Rothr. AlasL) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

Var. Vahliana, Seem.

P. Vahliana, Hook. Fl. I., 194.

P. nivea, var. y, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 441.

Alpine prairies of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Shores of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Islands of the Arctic Ocean. (Parry.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. dissecta, Watson.

Eocky Mountains at the head of Smoky River. ( Watson.) This is
a very variable species. »

140 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(640.) P. fragiformis, Willd. Hook. Fl. L, 194.

In the Aleutian Islands. (De Candolle.) St. Paul's Island. (Har-
rington.')

Var. villosa, Eegel.

P. villosa, Pall. Hook. FL L, 194.

From Vancouver Island to Alaska. (Watson.) Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka and Sitka. (Eothr.
Alask.) Dundas Island, B.C. (Scouler.)

(641.) P. maculata, Pour.

P. Salisburgensis, Hsenke. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 440.
P. opaca, Pursh, 355, not Linn. Hook. Fl. L, 191.

Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(642.) P. frigida, Villare.

P. minima, Gray. Manual, 1st ed., 122.

Mackenzie Eiver eastward to Baffin's Bay, and north to Melville and
other Arctic Islands; also Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(643.) P. emarginata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 194.

P. nana, Willd. Hook. FL L, 194.

P. Grcenlandica, R.Br. in Ross's Voy., 142.

P. nivea, var. concolor, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 441.

On the most elevated of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) La-
brador. (Kohlmeister.) Kotzebue Sound, and between Point Barrow
and Mackenzie River. (Eothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(644.) P. gel ida, C. A. Meyer.

P. flabellifoKa, Hook. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 442.

Summit of the Cascade Range, near Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) Cascade
Mountains. (Lyall.)

(645.) P. palustris, Scop. Marsh Five-Finger.

Comarum palustre, Linn. Pursh, 156.

Yery common in marshes and bogs from Labrador and Nova Scotia
to the Pacific, and north to the Arctic Sea. Sitka and Island of St.
Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)

(646.) P. biflora, Willd.

Barren grounds, from Lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound and Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 141

(647.) P. fruticosa, Linn. Shrubby Cinque-foil.

Common on the rocky margins of rivers and lakes from Labrador
and Newfoundland to the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea.
Besides being frequent in Eastern Canada at low altitudes, it becomes
truly alpine in the Rocky Mountains and is found almost at the snow
line. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(648.) P. tridentata, Solander.

Labrador and Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
Lower St. Lawrence, top of Beloeil Mountain, at Three Rivers, north
and south shores Lake Huron and Lake Superior, and westward
through the wooded country to the Rocky Mountains in the Peace
River Pass, and northward to Lat. 64°. It seems to thrive equally well
on rocks or sand. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(649.) P. Anscrina, Linn. Silver Weed.

Very abundant along the eastern coast and on the margins of all
rivers and lakes throughout the interior and northward to the Arctic
Sea. (Macoun.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. grandis, Lehm. Hook. Fl.'L, 189.

Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands, and doubtless along
the coast of British Columbia. (Macoun & Dawson )

Var. Grcenlandica, Tratt.

P. Anserina, var. Egedii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 444.
Whale Fish Islands. (Parry.)

(650.) P. Canadensis, Linn.

P. pumila, Poir. Pursh, 354.

Pictou and Halifax, N. S. (McKay.) Vicinity of Quebec ; St.
Hyacinthe, Q. (Brunei.) Abundant at Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
Vicinity of Montreal. (McGrill Coll. Herb.) Very common on sandy
soil both in fields and open woods throughout Ontario to Lake Huron.

Var. simplex, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 443.
P. simplex, Michx. Hook. Fl. 1, 193.

Common in fields, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) About Quebec City. (Shep-
pard. Abundant in damp woods at Amherstburg, Ont. (Macoun.)

142 GEOLOiHIMT, SURVEY OF CANADA.

(651.) P. nemoralis, Ncstler. Ton-. & Gray, Fl. L, 444.

P. Tormentilla, var. nemoralis, Seringe.
P. Tormentilla, Lawson.

Labrador. (Hooker, vide Torr. & Gray,) St. Ann's, Cape Breton.
(Lawson.)

Watson, in his revision of Potentilla, doubts the occurrence of this
species in America, but Dr. Lawson found it some years ago, as cited
above.

169. ALCHEMILLA, Tourn. (LADIES' MANTLE.)

(652.) A. arvensis, Scop. Parsley Piert.

A. Aplianesy Pursh, 112.

A. cuneifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 432.

A. occidentalis, Nutt. Macoun's Cat., No. 51(5.

Abundant on dry gravelly hills and along the coast, near Victoria,
Vancouver' Island. (Macoun.) Lucyfield, N.S. (Lawson.)

(653.) A. vulgaris, Linn.
South coast of Labrador. (Butler.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

I7O. ACRIMONIA, Tourn. (AGRIMONY.)

(654.) A. Eupatoria, Linn. Common Agrimony.
A. pilosa, PI. Bourgeau. 256. Macoun's Cat., No. 517.

Kich moist thickets or borders of woods. Abundant from Nova
Scotia westward to near the Eocky Mountains.

Var. parviflora, Hook. Fl. I., 196.
A. striata, Michx. Fl. L, 287.

This seems to be a little-known form, and requires investigation. It
should be looked for in western Ontario. (Macoun.) Lake Huron.
(Todd.)

(655.) A. parviflora, Ait.

A. Eupatoria, Michx. Fl. L, 287, chiefly.
A. suaveolens, Pursh, 336.

This species may be the form referred to by Hooker, and the above
variety have no existence in Ontario. In woods near Amherstburg,
Ont., 1882. (Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

/

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 143

171. POTERIUM, Linn. (BURNET.)

(656.) P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook.

Sanguisorba Canadensis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 198.
S. media, Linn. Pursh, 116.

Newfoundland. (J. Sell.) St. Paul's, and Magdalen Islands, Gulf
of St. Lawrence. (McKay} Truro, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Very
abundant from Port Daniel, along the Bay of Chaleur and the whole
coast of Gaspe". {Macoun.} Cacouna, Q. {Ellis.} South coast of La-
brador. {Butler.} Savanne, Q. {Holmes.} Northern British Columbia,
near Macleod's Lake. {Macoun.} Coast Range, near Bute Inlet, and
on the Misinchinca River, Pine Pass, Rocky Mountains. {Dawson.}
Grassy pastures in the valleys of Ounalashka, Buckland River, Sitka,
Fort Youcon and Youcon River banks. (Sothr. Alask.)

(657.) P. offlcinale, Benth. & Hook.

Sanguisorba qfficinalis, Linn. Hook. Arct. PL, 290.

Alaska. (Kennicott.} Arctic America, east of Mackenzie River.
(Hook. Arct. PL}

(658.) P. Sitchense, Watson.

Sanguisorba mecZia,.Hook. Fl. I., 197.

S. Canadensis, var. latifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 198.

Observatory Inlet, North-west coast. (Scouler.} It is probable that
all western localities of P. Canadense refer to this species. {Macoun.}

172. ROSA, Tourn. (ROSE.

(659.) R. setigera, Michx. PL I., 295. Climbing Rose.

Borders of thickets and along fences, at Amherstburg, Ont., and on
Pelee Island, Lake Erie. {Macoun.} Maiden, Ont. (Maclagar*. }

(660.) R. Carolina, Linn. Swamp Rose.
jR. Pennsylvania, Michx. Fl. I., 296, in part.

Borders of swamps and damp thickets, from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick to the western part of Ontario.

(661.) R. luclda, Ehrh. Dwarf Wild Rose.

Newfoundland. (Hook. Fl. I., 199.) Pictou, Cape Breton, and Mag-
dalen Islands, N.S. {McKay.} Lucyfield, N.S. {Lawson,} Common

144 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} Common in Quebec and Ontario,
and west to Lake Huron.

(662.) R. blanda, Ait. Early Wild Eose.

R. Pennsylmnica, Michx. Fl. I., 296, in part.
R. Woodsii,, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 460. Macoun's Cat., 584.
f R. Isemgata, Borrer. Hook. Fl. I., 200.

Thickets and old fields, very common, from Quebec westward to
British Columbia. On the western prairies and in British Columbia
this species is not well defined and requires more investigation.
(Macoun.} Pictou and Magdalen Islands, N.S. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.}

Var. setigera, Cre"pin.

R. Woodsii, var., Hook. Fl. I., 199. Macoun's Cat, No. 584.

R. stricta, var. ft. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 461.

R. stricta, Macoun & Gibson. Macoun's Cat, 584.

Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Cumberland
House on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Whiskey Island, Lake
Huron. (J. Bell} North and east shores of Lake Superior, and
frequent on the northern prairies. (Macoun.)

(663.) R. acicularis, Lindl. Var. Bourgeauiana, Cre"pin.

R. blanda, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 11.

R. tinnamomea, var. /?. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 459.

R. Bourgeauiana, Cr6pin, 1. c., 303.

This species is doubtless confounded with the preceding variety, but
in the absence of a monograph of the western roses, I am unable to
separate them. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.}

(664.) R. Californica, Cham. & Schlecht.
R. fraxinifolia, Macoun's Cat, No. 582.

Qualcho Lake, northern British Columbia. (Dawson.} Common in
woods around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.}

(665.) R. gymnocarpa, Nutt.

Common in the valley of the Lower Fraser, and around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.}

(666.) R. Nutkana, Presl.

R. cinnamomea, Hook. Fl. I., 200.
R. fraxinifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 199.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.} Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Douglas.} Sitka ; Point Barrow to Mackenzie Eiver ; Fort Youcon.
(Rothr. Alask.) Eastward of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Hook. Arct. PL}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 145

(667.) R. nitida, Willd. Pursh, 344.
R. blanda, Pursh, 334 & 749.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Possibly mixed with R. lucida, in the
Eastern Provinces. (Macoun.)

(668.) R. parviflora, Ehrh.

R. Caroliniana, Michx. Fl. L, 295.
R. Lyonii, Pursh, 345.

Along Belly River, N.W.T., 1881. (Dawson.)

(669.) R.' rubiginosa, Linn. Sweet Briar.
R. suaveolens, Pursh, 346.

Introduced and run wild. Old Windsor .Road; also, near Bedford,
N.S. (Lawson.) Common in gardens and about dwellings, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Borders of cultivated grounds, Q. (Brunet.) Along
roadsides, in fields in all the old settlements of Ontario.

(670.) R. micrantha, Smith.

Sparingly escaped from cultivation in a few localities. Montreal and
vicinity. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (J. Bell.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan)

NOTE. — There is much confusion regarding the distribution of the
roses, and both in the east and west collectors should aim to get complete
specimens of every species.

173. P1RUS, Linn. (PEAR. APPLE.)

(671.) P. coronaria, Linn. American Crab-Apple.
Mains coronaria, Mill. Michx. Fl. I., 292.

Open woods and thickets, western Ontario. Valley of the Humber ;
Queenston Heights, and woods along Lake Erie to Amherstburg, Ont.
(Macoun.) Prince's Island, Lake Medad, Ont. (Logie.). Chippewa
and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Kettle Point, Lake Huron. (Gibson.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Aldboro, Ont. (Me Grill Coll. Herb.)
(672.) P. malus, Linn. Cultivated apple.

Spontaneous in thickets, in fence corners and old fields, at Belleville
and Picton, Ont. (Macoun.)

(673.) P. arbutifoiia, Linn. Choke-Berry.

Mespilus arbutifoiia, Linn, Spec. 478. Michx. Fl. L, 290.

Common in swamps. Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Straits of Canso. (Ball.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario.

10

146 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. melanocarpa, Hook. Fl. I., 204.

Mespilus arbuti/olia, var. melanocarpa, Michx. Fl. I., 292.
P. melanocarpa, Willd. Pursh, 339.

The common form in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Rocky Luke,
N.S. (Lindsay.*) Vicinity of Montreal. (Me Gill Coll. Herb. ) Common
in Ontario, and extending to Sturgeon Lake, Dawson Eoute, west of
Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

(674.) P. Americana, DC. American Mountain-Ash.

Sorbus Americana, Marsh. Pursh, 341.

P. Aucuparia, Meyer. Hook. Arct. PL, 290, in part.

Cool, rocky woods. Newfoundland. (Morrison.') Pictou, and Cape
Breton Island, N.S. (McKay.) Halifax. (Lawson.*) Common in
woods, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in Quebec and northern
Ontario, and especially so around Lake Superior. On islands in Lake
Winnipegoosis, Man., becoming a tree a foot in diameter. (Macoun.*)

(675.) P. sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.

Sorbus Aucuparia, var. /?, Michx. Fl. I., 290.

P. Americana, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 23.

P. Aucuparia, Meyer. PI. Bourgeau, 256 and 263. 's,

Winnipeg River, Man. (Bourgeau.') Maline Rapids, Dawson Route,
west of Lake Superior ; in woods north of Little Slave Lake, N.W.T.,
and westward through the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.') Montreal
Mountain. (Men-ill Coll. Herb.*) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl.
Oft.) North end of Lake Winnipeg. (R. Sell.} Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
South Greenland. (Book. Arct. Pi.*) This and the preceding species
either pass into each other or they are badly characterized. (Macoun.)

(676.) P. rivularis, Dougl.

Nootka Sound and other parts of North-west America. (Menzies.)
Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.) Abundant on Vancouver Island and
in the Lower Valley of the Fraser. (Macoun.*) Queen Charlotte Islands
and generally on the coast of British Columbia. Up the Skeena River,
B.C., to ninety miles from the sea. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

174. CRAT/EGUS, Linn. (WHITE THORN.)

(677.) C. OXyacantha, Linn. English Hawthorn.

Cultivated in many parts of Ontario. Fruiting abundantly. Planted
for hedges in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 14*7

(678.) C. COCCinea, Linn. Scarlet-fruited Thorn.

C. glandulom, Willd. Hook. Fl. I, 201.

C. cordata. Hook. Fl. I., 201.

West coast of Newfoundland. (,/. Bell.) Common in fields and
thickets. Windsor, N.S. (How.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Halifax,
N.S. (Sommers.) Frequent in Quebec; common in Ontario and west
to Winnipeg in coule"s and stream valleys nearly to the Eocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.) Emerson, Man., and the Second Crossing of the
Souris, N.W.T., Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

(6*79. C. tomentosa, Linn. Black or Pear Thorn.
C.flava, Hook. Fl. I., 202.

Common in thickets, often becoming a tree of considerable size.
Truro and vicinity, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Banks of streams,
rather common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Isle of Orleans. (Shepherd.)
Lotbiniere and Montreal. (Brunei.) Common throughout Ontario.

Var. pyrifolia, Gray, Manual, 160.
C. pyrifolia, Ait. Hook. Fl. L, 201.

Some fine specimens at Government House, Fredericton, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Chaudierc
Falls, near Ottawa. (Pursh.) Michipicoten, Lake Superior; American
Portage, Dawson Eoute, west of Lake Superior, and at Amherstburg,
on Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

Var. punctata, Gray, Manual, 2 ed., 124.
C. punctata, Jacq. Hook. Fl. L, 201.

Montreal Mountain or vicinity. (Holmes.) Common at Belleville
and from Niagara to Amherstburg, Out. (Macoun.)

(680.) C. SUbvillosa, Schrader.

C. cocdnea, var. (?) mottis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 465.
C. tomentosa, var. mottis, Gray, Manual, 160.

Vicinity of Montreal. (Holmes.) Abundant along the Detroit Eiver
below Amherstburg ; on Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
North of Lake Superior. (R. Bell) Aldboro, Ont. (McGill ColL Herb.)

(681.) C. Crus-galli, Linn. Cockspur Thorn.

Abundant at Queenston Heights and westward to Amherstburg, on
Lake Erie. (Macoun.') Niagara and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) About
Lake Erie. (Douglas.)

148 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(682.) C. Douglasii, Lindl.

C. punctata, var. brevispina, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 201.
C. sanguinea, var. Douglasii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 464.
C. rivularis, Macoun's Cat., No. 593.
? C. glandulosa, Pursh, 337, in part.

On Vancouver Island at Victoria, and on the mainland from Lat. 49°-
55°, near Ma^eod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)

(683.) C. rivularis, Nutt.

This species will likely be found in southern British Columbia.

175. AMELANCHIER, Medic. (JUNE-BERRY.)

(684.) A. alnifolia, Nutt. Western June-Berry.

Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh, 340, in part. . .

A. ovalis, var. semi-integrifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 202.

A. Canadensis, var. alnifolia, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 473.

A. Canadensis, var. pumila, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 474.

Abundant on Vancouver Island and throughout British Columbia.
The form on the prairies east of the Eocky Mountains and in the Peace
Eiver region, which produces such excellent berries, doubtless belongs
here. (Macoun.} Queen Charlotte Islands, rare. (Dawson.)

(685.) A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray.

Pyrus Botryapium, Linn. Pursh, 339.
Mespilus Canadensis, var. /3, cordata, Michx. Fl. I., 291.
Amelanchier Botryapium, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 202.
A. ovalis, Hook. Fl. I., 202, in part.

This' variety takes the form of a tree and is often found thirty feet
high and having a diameter of six or more inches. It always grows in
woods. Newfoundland. (Todd.) Common at Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Windsor, N.S. (How.} Halifax. (Law&on.) Very common in open
woods, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant in Quebec and Ontario.
(Macoun.) Islands in Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.)

Var. rotund ifolia, Torr. & Gray.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. rotundifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 291.

Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Near Amherstburgh, Ont.
(Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 149

Yar. (?) oblongifolia, Torr. & Gray.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. obovalis, Michx. Fl. I., 291.
Amelanchier ovalis, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 202.
Pyrus ovalis, Pursh, 340.

On rocky banks and the borders of dry fields, frequent. Windsor,
N.S. (How.') Rather rare in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} Com-
mon in Quebec and Ontario, extending westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.) From the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.) Between Lake Winnipeg and York Factory. (R. Bell.)

Var. (?) oligocarpa, Torr. & Gray.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. oligocarpa, Michx. Fl. I., 291.
Pyrus sanguinea, Pursh, 340, in part.
Amelanchier sanguinea, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 203.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.) South coast of Labrador. (Butler.)
St. Paul's and Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.)
Common in swamps, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Cape Rouge, Q.
(Brunei.) Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Abundant in woods, Gaspd
Peninsula ; Cedar Swamp, north of Norwood, Peterboro Co., Ont. ;
Fishing Islands, Lake Huron ; and Loon Portage, Dawson Route, West
of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Hudson's Bay. (W. Williams.)

XXXIII. SAXIFRAGACE^E. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.

176. SAXIFRACA, Linn. (SAXIFRAGE.)

(686.) S. oppositifolia, Linn.

S. spathulata, var. (?) arctica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 576.

Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison.) Anticosti in the Gulf of
St. Lawrence. (Goldie.) Rocky Mountains near the highest summits,
Lat. 52°-56. (Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Lat. 56°, Peace
River Pass ; Bow River Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Top of Kootanie
Pass (7,000 feet), Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C.
(Cowley.) Arctic seashore and islands. (Franklin.) Gulf of Boothia.
(Back.) Between the Coppermine River and Point Turn Again.
(Simpson.) Ounalashka, Cape Lisburne, Kotzebue Sound, and northern
coast. (Eothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(68T.) S. Eschscholtzii, Sternb.
Cape Newnham, north-west coast of America, Lat. 59°. (David

150 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Nelson.} Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Arctic seashore west of
Mackenzie River. {Franklin.} Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)

(688.) S. Aizoon, Jacq.

Labrador. (Morrison.) On moist rocks opposite Rothsay, N.B.
(Prof. Bailey.} At the Narrows, St. John River, N.B. (J. E. Wetmore.}
Cape Bon Ami, Gaspd. (J. Bell.} High cliffs along the Gaspe" coast;
on rocks at the little falls St. Anne des Monts River, Gaspd ; on rocks
four miles north of Michipicotin, Lake Superior. (Macoun.} Upper
Fall of the Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.} North shore of Lake
Superior. (Prof. Ellis } Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.}

(689.) S. serpyllifolia, Pursh, 310.

Cape Newnham, north-west coast, Lat. 59°. (David Nelson.} Behr-
ing's Straits. (Menzies.} Cape Lisburne, Ounalashka, and Island of
St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.}

(690.) S. Ccespitosa, Linn.

? S. androsacea, Pursh, 310. Hook. Fl. I., 244.
S. exarata, Hook. Fl. I, 244.

Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Butler} Newfoundland. (McG-ill Coll.
Herb.} On cliffs along the Gaspd coast between Magdalen River and
Ste. Anne des Monts, 1882. Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Ma-
coun.} Frequent upon the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drum-
mond} Fort Confidence and Coppermine River. (Simpson.} Kotzebue
Sound and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI}

Var. uniflora, Hook. Fl. I., 244.

S. venosa, Haworth. Hook. Fl. L, 244.

S, cscspitosa, E. Brown. Ross. Voy. II., 192.

S. uniflora, R. Brown. Parry's let Voy.

Melville Island. (Hopner.} Arctic Islands. (Parry.} Smith's
Sound, Greenland. (Hook.. Arct. PI.)

(691.) S. sileniflora, Sternb.

Abundant on rocks around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.} Behring's Straits. (Menzies.}
Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(692.) S. adscendens, Linn.

/S'. petraea, Hook. Fl: L, 245.

S. controversa, Sternb. PL Bourgeau, 256. Macoun's Cat, 642.

Alpine rivulets in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) On the

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

151

upper slopes of Mount Selwyn, Lat. 56°, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.)
Eocky Mountains, Bow Eiver Pass. (Bourgeon.) Pipe Stone Pass,
9,100 feet, and 'Kootanie Eiver. (Hector.)

(693.) S. rivularis, Linn.

& petiolaris, R. Brown, Ross' Voy., 142.

S. Cymbalaria, & var. /?., Sternb. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 574.

Labrador. (McGilt Coll. Herb.) Arctic seashore and islands, abun-
dant. (Hooker.) Elevated places in the Eocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo
Mountains, B.C (Cowley.) Top of Eocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Little Whale Eiver, Hudson's Bay. (G. Barnston.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. hyperborea, Hook. Fl. I., 246.

S. hyperborea, R. Brown. Parry's 1st Voy., 274.
Melville Island. (Parry.) Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Var. Laurentiana, Bngler.

S. Laurentiana, Seringe. Hook. Fl. I., 245.
Island of St. Lawrence in Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.)

(694.) S. exiiiS, Stephan.

? S. Sibirica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 573, in part.
Kotzebue Sound, and Bay of Bschscholtz. (Rothr. Alask)
(695.) S. cernua, Linn.

f S. Sibirica, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 246.

Labrador and Newfoundland. (Pursh.) Arctic sea shore and
Islands, abundant. (Hooker.) Common on the Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Top of Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass, and in the
Bow Eiver Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Between the Coppermine Eiver
and Point Turn Again. (Simpson.) Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Back.)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie Eiver, (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL)

^696.) S. ranunculifolia, Hook, Fl. L, 246.

Kettle Falls of the Columbia Eiver and on the Eocky Mountains.
^Douglas.) Under overhanging rocks just outside of Yale, B. C.
(Macoun.)

(697.) S. Jamesii, Torr.

Dry, rocky situations upon the more elevated of the Eocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)

152 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(698.) S. nivalis, Linn.

Labrador. (Pursh.) Arctic seashore and Islands. (Hooker.) Back's
Great Fish River. (Sack.) Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Top of
Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Ounalashka, Cape Lis-
burne, and other stations along the coast. (Roth. Alask.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL)

(699.) S. Virginiensis, Michx. Spring Saxifrage.
S. vernalis, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 248.

York County, N.B. (Prof. Bailey.} Mouth of Mactaquac Eiver,
York Co., N.B. ( Vroom.) From Eiviere du Loup westward to the
Pacific Coast. This species delights iu dry gravelly soil on the margins
of rivers and flowers early. Often named nivalis by the early collectors.

(700.) S. reflexa, Hook. Fl. I., 249.

S. Virginiensis, Hook. Arct. PL, as to Arctic habitat.

Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the Mackenzie and Coppermine
Eivers. (Richardson.) Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Sack.)

(701.) S. integrifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 249.

Abundant on Vancouver Island, B.C. (Mdcoun.) Drew's Harbor,
B.C., 1876. (Dawson.)

(702.) S. hieracifolia, Waldst. & Kit.

)S'. plantaginifolia, Hook, in Parry's 2nd Voy., 394.

Arctic Islands. (Parry.) Shores of the Arctic Sea, between the
Mackenzie and Coppermine Eivers. (Richardson.) Island of St. Law-
rence, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) East coast of Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL)

(703.) S. leucanthemifolia, Michx. var. ferruginea, Torr. &
Gray.

S. leucanthemifolia, Lodd. Hook. Fl. I., 250.

Eocks on the " Height of Land," in the Eocky Mountains, and at
the Portage, near the source of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Dundas
Island, B.C. (Scouler.) Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.)

Var. Brunoniana, To'rr. & Gray.

S. stellaris, var. Brunoniana, Bong. Veg. Sitch., 140.

Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Sitka and Cape Prince of
Wales. (Rothr. Alask.) Norfolk Sound. (Eschscholtz.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 153

(704.) S. Lyallii, Engler.

S. Damrica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 569, in part.

S. Davurica, PL Bourgeau, 257. Macoun's Cat., No. 637.

S. Davurica, Hook. Fl. L, 250, in part.

On the slopes of the Eocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49.°
(Dawson.) Bow Eiver Pass, Lat. 51°. (Bourgeau.) Alpine rivulets in
the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)

(705.) S. Davurica, Pallas.

S.flabellifolia, R.Br. Torr. & Gray, FL I., 569.

Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Cape Lisburae, Kotzebue Sound, and
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(706.) S. stellaris, Linn.

Labrador. (Morrison.) Greenland. (Hoolc. Arct. PI.)

Var. comosa, Poir.

&folioM,TSLBr. Hook. FL L, 251.

Arctic Islands. (Parry.)
(707.) S. punctata, Linn.

S. srpicata & arguta, Don. Hook. FL I., 251.
S. oestimlis, Fisch. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 567.

' Summits of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drwnmond.) Slopes
of the Eocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Sledge
Island, and Northwest coast. (David Nelson.) Behring's Straits.
(Menzies.) Cape Prince of Wales, Sitka, Ounalashka, and Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. Nelsoniana, Engler.

S. Nelsoniana, Don. Hook. Fl. I., 251.

S. cestivalis, var. /3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 568.

Cape Newnham, on the north-west coast, Lat. 59°. (David Nelson.)
Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(708.) S. nudicaulis, Don.

North-west coast. (David Nelson.) Behring's Straits. (Menzies.)
Between Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. (Rothr. Alask.)

(709.) S. heterantha, Hook. Fl. L, 252.

S. Mertensiana, Bong. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 568.
S. cestivalis, var. 6. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 568.

Common on moist rocks of the Columbia, from its source to Lat. 49°.

154 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Douglas.} Cascades on Skagit Kiver, B.C. (Dawson.) Cape Disap-
pointment. (Scouler.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask}

(710.) S. Hirculus, Linn.

S. propinqua, R Br. Ross' Voy. 142.

From the Saskatchewan to the Arctic seashore and islands, where it
is common ; Beh ring's Straits, Cape Hope, and Kotzebue Sound.
(Hooker.} York Factory and Churchill Kiver, Hudson's Bay. (R.Bell.}
Back's Great Fish Kiver. (Back.}

(711.) S. flagellaris, Willd.

£ setigera, Pursh, 312.

North-west coast. (David Nelson.) Behring's Straits. (Menzies}
Arctic islands, gathered by all Arctic voyagers. (Hooker.} Summits
of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.} Baffin's Bay and Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL}

(712.) S. bronchialis, Linn.

North-west coast. (David Nelson.} Behring's Straits. (Menzies.}
" Height of Land," at the Portage of the Columbia Kiver, on the west
side of the Kocky Mountains. (Drummond} Cascade Mountains, above
Yale, B.C. ; and Bow Kiver Pass. (Macoun.} West Butte, Long. 49°
30', S. Kootanie Pass, Kocky Mountains, Lat. 49°; and Skeena Kiver,
B.C. (Dawson.} Kotzebue Sound, Wainright Inlet, and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.}

Var. cherlerioides, Engler.

S. Pseud,o-Burseriana, Fisch. Torr. & Gray, FL I., 565.
S. nitida, Ledeb. Eothr. Alask., 446.

Ounalashka and Bay of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.} Gatcho Lake,
B.C. (Dawson.}

(713.) S. tricuspidata, Ketz.

Coast of Labrador. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} From Lake Winnipeg to
the Arctic sea and islands, and from Hudson's Bay to the Kocky Moun-
tains. (Hooker} Fort Confidence, Lat. 67° ; between the Coppermine
Kiver and Point Turn Again. (Back.} North end of Lake Winnipeg
to York Factory. (R. Bell} North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassiz.}
Kocks at the Peace Kiver Canyon, Lat. 56° ; and on rocks at Stuart's
Lake. (Macoun.} On Slave and Back's Great Fish Kiver. (Back.}
Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka ; Fort Youcon, Lat. 66°. (Rothr.
Alask} Greenland, (Hook. Arct. PL)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 155

(714.) S. aizoides, Linn.

South-east coast of Labrador. (Butler.} On high cliffs along the
Gasp6 coast between the Magdalen Biver and Ste. Anne des Monts.
(Macoun.) Indian Cove, Gaspe" ; west coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.}
Barren country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea and Islands, frequent.
(Richfl.rdson.) Swamps and alpine rivulets of the Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond) Boggy slope Mount Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass ; and in
the Bow Eiver Pass, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Little Whale Eiver, Hud-
son's Bay. (Bnrnston.) Bast coast of Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell}

Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

•

177. BOYKINIA, Nutt.

(715.) B. occidental is, Torr. & Gray.

\
Saxifraga etata/Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 575.

To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(716.) B. Richardson!, Gray.

Saxifraga Richardsonii, Hook. Fl. I., 247.

Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine Elvers.
(Richardson.) West of Mackenzie Eiver. (Simpson.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Eothr. Alask.)

178. TOLMIEA, Torr. & Cray.
(717.) T. Menziesii, Torr. & Gray.

Tiarella Menziesii, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 238.
Heucliera Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 237.

North-west coast of America ; at Bank's Island. (Menzies.} Woods
near the southern boundary of B.C. (Cowley.)

179. TELLIMA, R. Brown.

(718.) T. grand iflora, E. Br.

Mitella grandiflora, Pursh, 314.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Damp woods, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.) Cascade Mountains, east of Fort Hope, B.C. Misin-
chinca Eiver, Eocky Mountains, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.} Sitka and the
islands adjacent to the coast. (Rothr. Alask.)

156 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(719.) T. parviflora, Hook. PI. L, 239.

Lithophragma parviflora, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 584.

Very abundant on Vancouver Island in the vicinity of Victoria.
(Macoun.) On the Lower Fraser and near Yale, B.C. (Hill.)

180. TIARELLA, Linn. (FALSE MITRE WORT.)

(720.) T. cordifolia, Linn.

Rich shady woods and ravfties. Rare in woods, Pictou, N.S. (Mc-
Kay.) Truro, N.S. (Lindsay.') Rare in the northern counties, com-
mon about Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Common in rich woods
throughout Ontario and Quebec.

(721.) T. unifoliata, Hook. Fl. L, 238.

Heuchera longipetala, Mog. Hook. Fl. I., 237.

North-west coast of America. (De Candolle.) Height of Land in
the Rocky Mountains, near the source of the Columbia, and at Portage
River. (Drummond.) Vancouver Island, around Victoria. In woods
north of Fort St. James, Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Telegraph Trail
near the Blackwater River ; and at McLeod's Lake, B.C. ; S. Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

(722.) T. trifoliata, Linn.

T. laciniata, Hook. Fl. I., 239.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Common on the coast,
and in the Rocky Mountains on the west side of the ridge. (Douglas.')
Height of Land, near a large glacier, upon the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Queen Charlotte Islands ; and Cascade Mountains, above
Mount Hope. (Dawson.) Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Macoun.)
Sitka and Alaskan coast. (Rothr. Alask.)

181. MITELLA, Tourn. (MITRE WORT.)

(723.) M. diphylla, Linn.

Rich woods and banks. Riviere du Loup, Q- (Thomas.') Vicinity
of Quebec, and cemetery of St. Charles. (Brunei.) Abundant about
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Serb.) Very common in Ontario, especially
in the lake and river counties.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 157

(724.) M. nuda, Linn.

M. reniformis, Lam. Pursh, 314.
M. cordifolia, Lam. Pursh, 314.

Very common in cool, damp woods or swamps, from Labrador, New-
foundland and Nova Scotia to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic
Sea. One of our most widely distributed species.

Var. 0. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 586.
M. prostmta, Michx. Fl. I., 270.

This form is easily known by the long runners producing terminal
racemes.

(725.) M. pentandra, Hook.

Frequent in mountain woods, from Lat. 49° northward. Moist alpine
woods in the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eastern base of the
Cascade Mountains on Skagit Eiver, B.C. On the slopes of the Eocky
Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) In woods near Mc-
Leod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)

(726.) M. triflda, Graham.

Alpine rivulets, north of Smoky Eiver, on the east side of the Eocky
Mountains, in Lat. 56°, rare. (Drummond.) On the slopes of the
mountains, near their summits, at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)

(727.) M. caulescens, Nutt.
Occurs on the southern boundary of British Columbia.

182. HEUCHERA, Linn. (ALUM-ROOT.)

(728.) H. micrantha, Dougl.

North-west coast of America. (Scouler.) Common around Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) East of Hope Mountain, Cascade Eange ;
Coast Eange, near Bute Inlet ; Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

(729.) H. glabra, Willd.

North-west coast of America, also Nootka. (Hooker.) Eocky Moun-
tains, at Providence and Portage Eivers, in Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)
On the Misinchinca Eiver, near the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.)
Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.)

158 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(730.) H. cylindrica, Dougl.

H. ovalifolia, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 581.
H. glabella, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 581.

On the declivities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams, on
the west side of the Eocky Mountains. (Douglas.) On the dry slopes
along the Fraser and Thompson Rivers from Yale to Spence's Bridge.
(Macoun.)

(731.) H. Hallii, Gray. (?)

Slopes of the Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.) Bow River Pass, 51°, 1879. (Macoun.) I refer the speci-
mens obtained to this species, but they accord best with H. glabella,
Nutt., which, however, Watson makes a synonym of H. cylindrica. The
spike is long and the flowers are in sub-verticillate, conglomerate
heads. It is certainly distinct from H. cylindrica.

(732.) H. parvifolia, Nutt.

On dry gravel ridges west of Fort Walsh, on the top of the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.*)

(733.) H. hispida, Pursh.

H. Richardsonii, E. Br. Hook. Fl. L, 237.

Dry banks of rivers, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) From the Saskat-
chewan west to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.*) Western end of
Lake Shebandowan, Dawson Route, 1872 ; from Manitoba to the
Rocky Mountains, throughout the prairie and Peace River regions-
(Macoun.) Abundant from the Lake of the Woods, westward. (Daw.
son.) Echimamish River to Oxford House, near Hudson's Bay, and
along the Nelson River to Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.*)

(734.) H. Americana, Linn.

H. cortusa, Michx. Fl. L, 171.
H. viscida, Pursh, 187.

Woods near Amherstburg, Lake Eric, 1882. (Macoun.) Maiden,
Ont. (Maclagan.)

183. CHRYSOSPLENIUM, Tf't. (GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE.)

(735.) C. Americanum, Schweinitz.
C. oppositifolium, Walter. Pursh, 269.
Ditches and spring brooks, Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Common about

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

159

springs in low wet places, KB. (Fowler's Cat.} Common throughout
Quebec and Ontario. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan. (Richardson.')

(736.) C. alternifolium, Linn.

In the woody, and principally in the barren country of British
America. (Richardson.*) On the Arctic islands. (Parry.) On the
Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Vicinity of Quesnel, and up the
Telegraph Trail to Fort St. James, Stuart Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)
Ilgacho Brook, northern B.C. (Dawson.) Kotxebue Sound to Cape
Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

184. PARNASSIA, Tourn. (GRASS OF PARNASSUS.)

(737.) P. palustris, Linn.

Throughout Canada, as far north as the Arctic Circle, and in swamps
in the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56° ; Labrador and Newfoundland ;
and Cape Newnham, on the west coast, Lat. 59°. (Hooker) Metapedia
Eiver, Q., near its mouth. (Macoun.) Island of Anticosti. (Brunei.)
On damp soil, Little Metis, Q. (Harrington.) Under the bank at Fort
Francis, Eainy Eiver, and westward to the Pacific. (Macoun.) Pine
Eiver Pass, in the Eocky Mountains, and frequent in British Columbia.
(Dawson.) From Oxford House to York Factory, and on the Churchill
Eiver. (R. Bell.)

(738.) P. parviflora, DC.

Labrador. (Butler.) Eo man tic Islet, north-east, Magdalen Islands,
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Grand Me"tis, Q. (Burgess.) Borders
of the Eivers Ste. Anne, Jacques Cartier, Q. (Brunet.) Very abundant
along the Gaspe coast from Cape Eosier to Ste. Anne des Monts ; also
up the Ste. Anne Eiver, Q. ; north shore of Lake Superior, near Pic
Eiver. Eed Bay, Lake Huron ; Fort Edmonton on the Saskatchewan,
and on rocks, Peace Eiver, Canyon, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Sandy banks,
formed by the floods in the rivers among Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.
(Drummond.)

(739.) P. Carol iniana, Michx.

P. palustris, Pursh, 208.

Crevices of rocks and on floating logs in rivers. Flat lands, Eesti-
gouche, KB. (Chalmers.) Andover, Victoria, KB. (J. E. Wetmore.)
Vicinity of Quebec; Isle of Orleans. (Brunet) Crevices of rocks,
Niagara Falls ; Presqu' He Point, Lake Ontario; and Pott's Mill Dam,
Brighton, Ont. ; Eed Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Banks of the

160 • GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

rocky Saugeen, Durham Township; also near Ancaster, Ont. (Logie.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. ; and Lake of the Woods. (Burgess.) Two
miles south of London. (Saunders.) Near Sandwich, Ont. Maclagan.)
McLeod's Harbor, Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (./. Bell.)

(740.) P. Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht.

Coast of Labrador. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} On the top of Mount Albert,
Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe. (Macoun.) Eocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Bourgeau.) Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.} Bear
Lake and thence to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Port Clarence to
Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alaslc.) South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(741.) P. flmbriata, Ko3nig.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Elevated swamps in the
Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Slope of the Eocky
Mountains, Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49. (Dawson.) Eocky Mountains,
Lat. 51°. (Bourgeau.)

185. LEPTARRHENA, R. Br.

(742.) L. pyrolifolia, E. Br.

" Height of Land," on the west side of the Eocky Mountains, in Lat.
52°. (Drummond.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Tsi-tsult
Mountains, B.C. ; Eocky Mountains, in the S. Hootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.) Behrinsr's Straits. (Menzies.) Ounalashka, and Cape Prince
of Wales. (Rothr. Alask.)

186. PHILADELPHIA, Linn. (MOCK ORANGE.)

(743.) P. Lewi si i, Pursh.

Common in open pine woods on the north-west coast. (Douglas.)
Princeton, B.C. (Dawson.) In the valley of the Lower Fraser, B.C.
(Cowley.)

(744.) P. Gordonianus, Lindl.

On the southern boundary of British Columbia.

187. RISES, Linn. (CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY.)

(745.) R. Lobbii, Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 614. .

On the roadside leading to Cedar Hill, Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Near Victoria. (Hill.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS

161

(746'.) R. divaricatum, Dougl.

R. triflorum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey's Voy.
R. villosum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 547.

A common bush on the banks of streams, near Indian villages, on
the north-west coast, Lat. 49°-52°. (Douglas.} Thickets, Vancouver
Island, near Victoria ; also in the valley of the Lower Fraser. (Macoun.)

Var. irriguum, Gray.

R. irriguum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 231.

Moist mountain rocks on the upper part of the Columbia Eiver.
(Douglas.) In woods along the British Columbia boundary, Lat. 49°.
(Watson.) In the Cascade Mountains, above Yale, B.C. ? (Macoun.)

(747.) R. oxyacanthoides, Linn.

R. hirtellum, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 231. Macoun's Cat., No. 605.
R. saxosum, Hook. Fl. I., 231.

A very common species, being found from Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia to the Pacific. It prefers swamps in Ontario, but lake and river
margins in the interior. I suspect that Gray unites two species under
this name, as the form found in the prairie region is very unlike the
eastern one.

(748.) R. rotundifolium, Michx.

R. triflorum, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 230.
R. gracile, Pursh, 165.

Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) Eiver Avon, Windsor, N. S. (How.)
Halifax, N. S. (Laicson.) Cape JRouge River. Q. (Brunei.) Not
very common at Riviere du Loup. (Thomas.) Nonpareil, Q. (Mac-
lagan.) Common at Prescott, Ont. [?] (Billings.) Vicinity of Ham-
ilton, Out. [?] (Buchan.) Several of the above references may apply
to R. oxyacanthoides, the two references to Ontario being particularly
doubtful.

(749.) R. Cynosbati, Linn.

R. oxyacanthoides, var. y., Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 546.
R. oxyacanthoides, PL Bourgeau, 256.

Black River, St. John, N.B. (Rev J. P. Sheraton.) Very common
from Riviere du Loup, Q., to the Sault Ste. Marie, Ont. (Macoun.)
Pembina Mountain, Man. (Dawson.)

(750.) R. lacustre, Poir.

R. oxyacanthoides, Michx. Fl. I., Ill-

Throughout Canada to Fort Franklin and Bear Lake, near the Arctic

11

162 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

circle. (Richardson?) It is abundant from Newfoundland, Labrador,
and Nova Scotia, in swamps and wet woods, westward to the Kocky
Mountains. Very common in British Columbia, but may belong prin-
cipally to the variety. Point Barrow to Mackenzie Biver. (Rothr.
Alask.)

Var. parvulum, Gray. Bot. Gal. I., 206.

Common in the valley of the Fraser and southern British Columbia.
(Macoun & Dawson.)

Var. molle, Gray, But. Cal. I., 206.

On the Fraser, above Boston Bar, and doubtless common. (Macoun.)

Var. ?

A form unlike all the others was collected in the valley of the Fraser
in the summer of 1882, by A. J. Hill. Besides other points of distinc-
tion, its racemes are over twenty flowered. All the above forms need
careful examination by collectors while the specimens are fresh.

(751.) R. setosum, Llndl.

R. oxyacanthoides, Hook. Fl. I., 230.

R. oxyacanthoides, var. ft. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 546.

Banks of the Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) This is evidently the form
of R. oxyacanthoides, which is so common in some parts of the prairie
region, and in the sand on the borders of saline lakes. It may be a
good species and seems to be very properly named. (Macoun.)

(752.) R. rubrum, Linn. Eed Currant.
R. albinervium, Miclix. Fl. I., 110.

Common in cold woods and swamps, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
and north to the Arctic Sea. Port Clarence and Kotzebue Sound ; also
Youcon Eiver. (Rothr. Alask.*)

(753.) R. prostratum, L'Her. Fetid Currant.

R. glandulosum, Ait. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 6.
R. rigens, Miclix. Fl. I., 110.
R. trifidum, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 232.
R. laxiflorum, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 7.
f R. alpinum, Hook. Arct. PL, 291, as to Labrador.
R. Hudsonianum, PL Bourgeau, 256.

Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, northward through the Lau-
rentian region to Hudson's Bay, and westward to the Eocky Mountains
and Peace Eiver country.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 163

(754.) R. laxiflorum, Pursh.

R.palustre, var. /3. Hook. Fl. I., 232.

North-west coast of America. (Mcnzies.) British Columbia from
the coast north to Quesncl on the Eraser. (Macoun & Dawson.} Vicinity
of Yale. (Hill.} Cape St. Elias and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(755.) R. bracteosum, Dougl.

Common on Vancouver Island around Victoria, and possibly in the
valley of the Lower Frascr. (Macoun.} Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.}

(756.) R. Hudsonianum, Eichards.

R. nigrum, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 1st od., 6.

From Hudson's Bay to the Eocky Mountains in the west, and as far
north as Lat. 57°. (Drummond.) Lake Winnipegoosis, Eed Deer Lake
and Porcupine Mountains, Man. ; Cypress Hills, at Fort Walsh; Eed
Deer Eiver, near Hand Hills, Long. 112°, N.W.T. Damp woods,
northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Blackwater Eiver, B.C. (Daw-
son.) Oxford House to Knee Lake, and around Cross Lake on Nelson
Eiver. (R. Bell.)

Var. ft. Hook. Fl. I., 233.

R. petiolare, Dougl.
Mountains of the Columbia, above the Kettle Falls. (Douglas.)

(757.) R. florid um, L'Her. Black Currant.
R. recurvatum, Michx. FJ. I., 109.

Throughout Canada to Lat. 54°. (Hooker.) Near Brooklin, N.S.
(How.) Common throughout New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario,
and westward to the Porcupine Mountains west of Manitoba. (Macoun.)
Lake of the Woods ; Emerson and First Crossing of Souris Eiver, Man.
(Dawson.)

(758.) R. cereum, Dougl.

Abundant along the Fraser, above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
Near Fort Hope on the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.)

(759.) R. viscosissimum, Pursh.

Common in the recesses of the Eocky Mountains, and on dry plains,
south of Lat. 49°. (Douglas.) Cascade Mountains on Skagit Eiver,
B.C. (Dawson.}

(760.) R. sanguineum, Pursh.
Abundant on the west coast, Lat. 49°-52°, usually growing in rocky

164 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

situations by the sides of streams. (Menzies.} Very common on Van
couver Island and in the valley of the Lower Eraser. (Macoun, Hill
& Daw son.}

(761.) R. aureum, Pursh.
On the west fork of Milk River, south of Cypress Hills. (Dawson.}

XXXIV. CRASSULACE7E. ORPINE FAMILY.

188. PENTHORUM, Cronov. (DITCH STONE-CROP.)

(762.) P. sedoidcs, Linn.

In ditches and boggy spots. Norton and mouth of James River,
N.B. {Hay.} Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Common in Ontario
and western Quebec, but less frequent eastward.

189. SEDUM, Tourn. (STONE-CROP. ORPINE.)

(763.) S. acre, Linn. " Mountain Moss."

Cultivated as a bordering for flower-beds, but escaped in a number of
places to moist, rocky hillsides whei'e it grows in great profusion, as at
Picton Harbor, Bay of Quinte, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Rocks
west of the toll gate, Prescott, and abundant upon rocks a mile west of
Brockvijle, near the river. (Billings?) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher,
Fl. Ott.} Vicinity of London. (Burgess.} Hampton, N.B. (J. Brit-
tain.} Norton, N.B. (Hay.} Bedford and Dutchville, N.S. (Lawson
& Sommers.}

(764.) S. stenopetalum, Pursh.

On rocky, mountain slopes. Frequent on the east side of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.} On the Cypress Hills ; in the Bow River
Pass; and frequent on rocky slopes in the Peace River Pass and British
Columbia. (Macoun.} Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° ; Pine River Pass, Lat.
55°, and along the wagon road at Lytton, B.C. (Dawson.}

(765.) S. spathulifolium, Hook.

Abundant on rocks around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Hill.} On Dean or Salmon River, B.C. ; Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.}

(766.) S. obtusatum, Gray. (?).
A species, which may be the above, has been collected in the Lower

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 165

Valley of the Fraser, B.C., by A. J. Hill, C.E., but until fresh specimens
are obtained the reference is doubtful.

(767.) S. ternatum, Michx.

Eocks on the Niagara Eiver and Lake Erie. (Douglas.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan) This is a doubtful species and should be
Tooked for.

(768.) S. Telephium, Linn. Live-for-Ever.

Escaped from cultivation in nearly all the old settlements through-
out Canada. It establishes itself by roadsides and around garden fences,
and soon becomes a troublesome weed.

(769.) S. Rhodiola, DC.

Arctic seashore and islands. (Richardson.) Newfoundland and
Labrador. (Morrison.) St. Paul's Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Mc-
Kay.) Cape Breton, N.S. (Lawson.) On exposed cliffs, St. John Co.,
N.B. (Foivler's Cat.) Il-ga-chug Mountains, B.C. ; Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Daw&on.) Norton and Kotzebue Sounds. (Rothr. Alask.)
Seacoast west of Mackenzie River. (Back) Greenland. (Hook. Arct.
PI)

(770.) S. rhodanthum, Gray.

Bow River Pass on Mountain slopes, Lat. 49°. (Daivson.) Rocky
Mountains. (Bourgeau.) The above references may apply to the pre-
ceding species, as I am responsible for the change without having seen
the specimens.

The whole genus needs to be carefully studied from living specimens,
as the western forms are numerous, and either quite variable or we
have undescribed species.

XXXV. DROSERACE7R. SUNDEW FAMILY.

190. DROSERA, Linn. (SUNDEW.)

(771.) D. rotundifolia, Linn. Round-leaved Sundew.

A common inhabitant of peat bogs and marshes, from Newfoundland,
Labrador and Nova Scotia westward to the Pacific and north to, and
beyond, the Arctic Circle.

(772.) D. Anglica, Hudson.
In boggy ground along the shores of Lake Huron, Bruce peninsula.

166 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Macoun.) Near Cumberland House, Lat. 54°. (Ricliardson.) North-
west coast of British Columbia. (Menzies.) Newfoundland. (Watson.)

(773.) D. intermedia, Drev. & Ilayne, var. Americana, D.C.

D. longifolia, Miclix. Macoun's Cat, No. 221.

Bogs and borders of lakes, N.B., common. (Fowler's Cat. ,) Frequent
in bogs and on the margins of lakes throughout Quebec and northern
Ontario, and northwest to the Porcupine Mountains, Man., Lat. 53°.

(774.) D. linearis, Goldie.

Mai-shes at Lake Simcoe. (Goldie.) Chicken Bay and at Oliphant,
Bruce peninsula, Ont. (Macoun.~) McLeod's Harbor and Cockburn
Island, -Lake Huron. (J. Sell.) Rosseau River, eastern Manitoba.
(Burgess.) Lake Superior. (Provancher.) In a swamp near Jasper's
Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

XXXVI. HAMAMELACB^. WITCH HAZEL FAMILY.

191. HAMAMELIS, Linn. (WITCH HAZEL.)

(775,) H. Virginiana, Linn.

In thickets and open woods ; rather local. Common at Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Halifax. (Lawson.} Damp rich woods, N.B., rather rare.
(Fowler's Cat.} Point Levis and Isle of Orleans, Q. (Brunei.) Common
near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Scarce in Hastings and Northumber-
land Cos., Ont. (Macoun.) Abundant from Toronto westward in
Ontario. (Ellis, Buchan & Burgess.)

XXXVII. HALORAGE^. WATER MILL-FOIL FAMILY.

192. MYRIOPHYLLUM, Vaill. (WATER MILLFOIL.)

(776.) M. spicatum, Linn.

Abundant in stagnant pools and weedy lakes; West coast of New- '
foundland. (J. Bell.) In deep water. Kouchibouguac, and Kenne-
beccasis Rivers, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Small lakes along the Gasp6
coast; abundant in the northern counties of Ontario; and in all large
fresh water ponds and brackish lakelets in the prairie region. (Macoun.)
Lake Temiscouata, and near Montreal, Q. (Maclagan.) St. Lawrence

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 167

Eiver near Prescott. (Billings.) Common in western Ontario. (Bur-
gess & Buchan.) North to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) North-east from
Mackenzie Eiver. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(777.) M. verticillatum, Linn.

In marshes south side of the Bay of Quinte at Belleville, still water
and in the "drowned" lands along the Trent, between Hastings and
Heely'e Falls, Ont. ; marshes around the base of the Porcupine Moun-
tains, Man., Lat. 52°. (Macoun.) Marshes, Burlington Bay, Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.)

(778.) M. heterophyllum, Michx.

Lakes and rivers, apparently rare. Eiver Trent, near Heely's Falls,
Northumberland Co., Ont. North Eiver above Eound Lake, Peterboro
Co., Ont. At the mouth of the Sydenham Eiver, Owen Sound, abun-
dant ; also in a marsh on the lake shore at Port Stanley, Ont. (Ma-
coun.) Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Parry Sound, Georgian Bay. (Burgess.)

(779.) M. tenellum, Bigel.

In watery places, Newfoundland. (De Candolle.) Eare at Eichi-
bucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Saguenay Eiver, Q. (A. T. Drummond.)
Abundant at the mouth of Buck's Eiver, Stanhope, Victoria Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.)

193. PROSERPINACA, Linn. (MERMAID WEED.)

(780.) P. palustris, Linn.

Wet swamps, rather rare. Vicinity of Montreal. (Maclagan.)
Banks of the Nation Eiver, eastern Ontario. (Billings.) Marshes along
Lakes Isaac and Sky, Bruce Peninsula, also Fishing Islands, Lake
Huron. (Macoun.)

194. HIPPURIS, Linn. (MARE'S TAIL.)

(781.) H. vulgaris, Linn.

Pools of water and margins of lakes from Newfoundland, Labrador
and Nova Scotia to the Pacific and north to Alaska and the Arctic Sea.
This species is widely distributed, and may on the coasts, both east and
west, pass into the next.

(782.) H. maritima, Hellenius.
Mouth of Haye's Eiver, near York Factory, Lat. 57°. (Richardson.)

108 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Labrador. (Morrison.') In salt marshes along the Gasp£ coast, at Cape
Rosier, Grand Valise, and below St. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.)
Straits of Schismareff', and Bay of EschscholtK. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue
Sound and delta of the Buckland River. (Rothr. Alask.)

(783.) H. montana, Ledeb.
Turfy places. Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

XXXVIII. ONAGRACE.E. EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY.

195. LUDWIGIA, Linn. (FALSE LOOSESTRIFE.)
(784.) L. palustris, Ell.

Isnardia palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 215.
J. nitida, Michx. Fl. I., 87.

Ditches and springs. Pictou, N.S. -(McKay.) Wilmot, Annapolis,
N.S. (How.) Nashwaaksis River, N.B. (J. Moser.) Saint Stephen,
N.B. (Vroom.) Petitcodiac, Nauwigewauk, and Taborville, N.B. (J!
Brittain.) Nicolet, Quebec. (Maclagan.) Bank of the river St. Pierre,
near Montreal, Q., 1821. (Holmes.) Very common in ditches and
dried up ponds throughout Ontario. (Mdcoun.) Saskatchewan River.
(Richardson.)

(785.) L. alternifolia, Linn.

L. macrocarpa, Michx. Fl. I., 89.
Rhexia linearifolia, Poir. Pursh, 259.
Isnardia alternifolia, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 214.

In swamps, Canada. (Ton. & Gray, Fl. /., 522, also, Hooker, Fl. 1.,
214.) This is a doubtful species and should be looked for along Lake
Erie.

196. EPILOBIUM, Linn. (WILLOW HERB.)

(786.) E. angustifolium, Linn. " Fire Weed."

In woods and fields, from Newfoundland, Labrador and Nova Scotia,
west to the Pacific and North to the mouth of the Mackenzie, Lat. 69°,
west to Alaska and east to Greenland. A fine tall and beautiful species.

Var. canescens, Wood.

This is a white flowered and silvery podded variety, which has been

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 169

collected at Marmora Village, Hastings Co., Ont., and Owen Sound.
(Macoun.} Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)

(787. E. latifolium, Linn.

Coast of Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Amour Bay,
south coast of Labrador. (Butler.} On gravel deposits, on the
Dartmouth, Magdalen and Ste. Anne des Monts Rivers, Gaspd ;
Bow Eiver Pass, Rocky Mountains ; and at the Rocky Mountain
Canon on Peace River, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Banks of rivers in the
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Kootanie Pass, Lat.
49° ; Misinchinca River Pine Pass, Lat. 55°, and on the Coast Range
near Bute Inlet, B.C. (Dawson.) Shores and islands of the Arctic
Sea in every degree of longitude. (Hooker.} Behring's Straits.
(Chamisso.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow, Sitka and Ounalashka.
(Eothr. Alask.} On the Churchill River, near Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(788.) E. luteum, Pursh.

Grassy places in the valleys of Ounalashka. (Chamisso.} Sitka and
Ounalashka. (Eothr. Alask.)

(789.) E. alpinum, Linn.

South coast of Labrador. (Brunet.} Alpine rivulets in the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.} Observatory Inlet, North-west America,
Lat. 56°. (Menzies.} Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.)

Var. nutans, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 205.

Observatory Inlet, North-west America. (Menzies.) On the trail a
few miles east of McLeod's Lake, B.C., Lat. 55°. (Macoun.)

(790.) E. origanifolium, Lam.

E. alpinum, var. mnjus, Wahl. Gray, Manual, 177.

Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Coast of
Gaspe above Mont Louis ; Mount Albert, Shichshock Mountains, Gaspe*.
(Macoun.} Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°; Mountains
near Little Slave Lake, Lat. 55°. On the trail between Stuart's River
and the Nechacco, B.C. (Macoun.} Top of the Rocky Mountains,
Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Alpine woods, sides of rivulets, and shady
elevated spots on the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Ounalashka. (Chamisso.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(791.) E. tetragonum, Linn.

Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) From Lake
Winnipeg across the plains to the valleys of the Rocky Mountains, and

170 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

north to Lat. 64° ; frequent. (Richardson & Drummond.) North-west
coast near the sea. (Scouler.) Vicinity of Quebec and Tadousac.
(Brunei?) Common on the prairies, west of Manitoba ; also in Northern
British Columbia and the upper valley of the Fraser. (Macoun.) Queen
Charlotte Islands and the mountains along the coast of British Colum-
bia. (Dawson.) York Factory and Nelson River Valley. (R. Bell.}

(792.) E. coloratum, Muhl.

E. tetragonum, Pursh, 259.

Common in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario.
This seems to be the eastern form of the preceding species, and a care-
ful examination of living specimens is necessary to separate them.
Eed Deer River, near the Hand Hills, N.W.T., Long. 112°. (Macoun.)
Slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Plains of
the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.*)

(793.) E. minutum, Lindl. Hook. Fl. I., 207.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) On moist rocks near springs,
on the high mountains of the Upper Columbia River. (Douglas.)
Lake Athabasca, near Fort Chipeywan, Lat. 59°. (Macoun.)

(794.) E. palustrc, Linn.

Labrador. (Morrison.) Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gaspe", Q. ; Moose Jaw Creek and Old Wives Lakes, and numerous
other localities throughout the prairie region, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. lineare, Gray.

E. oliganthum, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 208.

E. rosmarinifolium, Pursh, 259.

E. temllum, Kaf. Hook. Fl. I., 207.

E. palustrc, var. albescens, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 12.

E. paluslrc, var. albiftorum, Hook. Fl. I., 207.

E. palustrc, Gray, Manual, 1st ed., 135.

Abundant in peat bogs and marshy places, from Labrador and Nova
Scotia to British Columbia, and north to Lat. 64° on the Mackenzie
River.

(795.) E. paniculatum, Nutt.

Abundant on newly cleared land at Oxendon, Colpoy's Bay, Georgian
Bay, Lake Huron ; common on dry sand hills near the source of the
Qu'Appelle, and on the southwestern plain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Van-
couver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS.

171

(796.) E. molle, Torrey. Macoun's Cat, No. 693.

Grenville, Durham, and Cowansvillc, Eastern Townships, Q.
(McGrill Coll. Herb.) In a tamarac swamp north of Belleville, Ont.
also in boggy ground, Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.)

(797.) E. affine, Bongard.

Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.}
(798.) E. roseum, Schreb.

Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(799.) E. pubescens, Both. (?) Macoun's Cat., 692.

A species bearing this name was reported from Nootka many years
ago, but the name has been allowed to drop as authentic specimens
are unknown. In the spring of 1875 I collected a number of immature
specimens of a remarkable form, wholly unlike any other species I
have ever seen, on Cedar Hill, near Victoria, on Vancouver Island.
The specimens obtained were very pubescent, and were possibly of this
species. Mature specimens are much desired.

197. CEIMOTHERA, Linn. (EVENING PRIMROSE.)

(800.) (E. biennis, Linn. Common Evening Primrose.
(E. parviflora, Pursh, 261.

Common under one form or another from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
The various forms are enumerated below, and localities given where
specimens have been obtained.

Var. grand iflora, Lindl.

CE. grandiflora, Ait. Pursh, 261.

Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.*) This seems to be the com-
mon form on good soil in Ontario.

Var. muricata, Lindl.

CE. muricata, Linn. Pursh, 261.

Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.~) Gravel slopes, Gaspd coast,Q. ;
sandy shores and river banks, Ont., and common on the interior plains.
(Maconn.*) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

Var. hirsutissima, Gray.

CE. HooJceri, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 493.
Great Shuswap Lake, British Columbia. (Dawson.)

172 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(801.) CE. albicaulis, Nutt.

CE. pallida, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 495.

Very common in the dry part of the prairie region. (Macoun &
Dawson.} In the vicinity of Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.')

(802.) CE. serrulata, Nutt. var. Douglasii, Torr. & Gt-ay.
CE. leucocarpa, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 210. Macouu's Cat., No. 701.

Common on limestone rocks on the Red and Assiniboine Elvers.
(Douglas.} Dry banks of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} Common
on dry sandy or gravelly slopes throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun & Daw son.}

(803.) CE. pumila, Linn.

CE. piisilla, Michx. Fl. I., 225.

CE. riparia, Hook. Fl. I., 212.

Common on river banks amongst sand. Common at Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.} Windsor, Halifax, Straits of Canso, Guysboro, Wilmot, and
Annapolis, N.S. (Sommers' Fl. N.S} Very frequent in dry fields and
by roadsides, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common near Quebec. (Brunei.}
Beven's Lake, River Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.} Island of Orleans and
ancient Lorette. (Thomas.} Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.} Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.} Lake Mistassini, Q. (Richardson.} Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} In the northern parts of Addington,
Hastings, Peterboro, and Victoria Counties, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} MiBsissaqui Island, Lake Huron, and
north shore of Lake Superior. (E. Bell.} Parry Sound, and Lake of
the Woods. (Burgess.}

(804.) CE. chrysantha, Michx.

On drier ground than the preceding. Halifax, N.S. (McKay.}
Windsor, N.S. (How.} Vicinity of Quebec, and at the Quarantine
Station. (Brunei.) St. Helen's Island, Q. ; Chippewa, Ont. (Maclagan.}
Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls; twenty miles up the Kaminis-
tiquia River, Lake Superior ; Dawson Route, near Lake Shebandowan,
west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.} Hudson's Bay. (Michaux.} [?]

(805.) CE. fruticosa, Linn.

CE. hybrida, Michx. Fl. L, 225.

Lucyfield, near Halifax. (Lawson.} Grand Lake, N.S. (Sommers.}
Island of Montreal. (Goldie.)

NOTE. — I have given all the localties from which the two last men-
tioned species have been reported. The last I believe to be really CE.
chrysantha, and that some of the reported occureuces of (E. pumila

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 173

should likewise be referred to this species. Watson, in his revision of
the genus, makes (E. chrysantha merely a form of (E. pumila, but I
believe the Ontario form to bo distinct from the latter. The attention
of botanists is invited to the above species.

(806.) <E. Strigulosa, Toi-r. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 702.

(11. contorta, Dongl. Hook. Fl. I., 214.

(E. parvula, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 511.

On the dry slopes of Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.)

(807.) CE. ceespitosa, Nutt.
CE. scapigera, Pursh, 263.
CE. montaha, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 500.
(E. marginata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 500.

On dry and scarped hills, along the face of the Coteau de Missouri ;
also on high hills near Strong Current Creek and north of the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Short Creek, Souris Eiver, and on the Milk
Eiver near the Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(808.) CE. triloba, Nutt. "

(E. heterantha, Nutt. Macoun's Cat., No. 700.

On hard clay soil, east of the Hand Hills, Long. 112°; also near Old
Wives' Lakes, and westward to and north of the Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.*) Traders' Eoad, west of the Souris, Lat. 49°. (Daivson.')

(809.) OE. breviflora, Torr. & Gray.

On the western end of Hand Hill Lake, Long. 112°; also at Old
rives Lake, and Gull Lake, north of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.

[Macoun.)

198. CODETIA, Spach.
(810.) C. amoena, Lilja,

(Enothcra amoena, Lehm. Torr. &. Gray, Fl. I., 503.
(E. lAndleyi, Dougl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 502.
CE. rubicunda, Hook. & Arn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 502.
(E. vinosa, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 503.

From Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.} Eeported from
coast south of the Fraser, B.C.

(811.) C. quadrivulnera, Spach.

CEnotJiera quadrivulnera, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 213.

Puget Sound and upper valley of the Columbia. {Douglas.} Will
likely be found north of Latu49°.

174 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

199. CLARKIA, Pursh. (CLARKIA.)

(812.) C. pulchella, Pursh.

From the Great Fulls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas.} Near Osoyoos Lake, southern boundaiy of British Colum-
bia. (Dawson.}

2OO. BOISDUVALIA, Spach. (BOISDUVALIA.)

(813.) B. d ens i flora, Watson.

(EnotJiera densiflora, Lindl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 505.

Vancouver Island, near Victoria. (Dawson.)
(814.) B. glabella, Walp.

(Enothera glabella, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 505.

Pile of Bones Creek, Souris Plain ; Weedy Lake, west of Old Wives
Lakes and on the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

201. CAURA, Linn. (GAURA.)
(815.) C. coccinea, Nutt.

G. marginata, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 208.
G. glabra, Lehm. Hook. Fl. I., 209.

Plains of the Red and Saskatchewan Rivers. (Drurnmond, Douglas.'}
Abundant near Brandon and westward, on gravelly banks throughout
the prairie region. (Macoun.) Badger Creek ; dry banks, Wood End,
Souris River ; and westward to the mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

(816.) C. biennis, Linn.

Dry banks. Moftatt's Island, Montreal ; Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
About Montreal. (C leghorn.}

2O2. CIRCCEA, Tourn. (ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE.)

(817.) C. alpina, Linn.

Common in damp, shady woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.} This is wholly a forest species.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 175

(818.) C. Lutctiana, Linn.

C. Lutctiana, var. Canadensis, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 215.

Magdalen Islands, (lulf of St. Lawrence, arid Pictou, N.S. (McKay.}
Quecnsbury, N.B. (Bailey.} Kcswick Eidge, Eel Eivcr, York Co.,
and Lower Norton, N.B. (Hay.} Common in Quebec. (Brunei.)
Isle of Orleans. (Thomas.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.)
Mirivin's Woods, Prescott. (Billings.) Common in Prince Edward
County, and westward throughout Ontario.

(819.) C. Pacifica, Aschors.

C. alpina, Hook. PI. Bourgean, 256.

Alpine Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Rocky
Mountains, near the sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.) Mountain
woods, west side of Rocky Mountains. (Cowley.)

XXXIX. MELASTOMACEyE. MELASTOMA FAMILY.

203. RHEXIA, Linn. (MEADOW BEAUTY)

(820.) R. Virginica, Linn. '

Sandy swamps ; very rare. Shores of Muskoka Lake, also Lake
Foseph, in the same region, Out. (Burgess.)

XL. LYTHRACE7E. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY.

204. LYTHRUM, Linn. (LOOSESTRIFE.)

(821.) L. alatum, Pursh.

Wet places ; very rare in Ontario. Maiden, Detroit River. (Mac-
lagan.)

(822.) L. Salicaria, Linn.

L. Salicaria, var. pitbaftcem, Pursh, 334.

Wet meadows ; abundant in Upper Canada, Ont. (Douglas.) [?] I
suspect this refers to the next species. (M.) Moist meadows near
Quarantine Station, Quebec. (Brunet.)

176 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

205. NES/EA, Juss. (SWAMP LOOSESTRIFE.)
(823.) N. verticillata, HBK.

Lythrum vertitittatum, Linn. Miclix. Fl. I., 281.
Decodon verticillatum, Ell. Hook. Fl. I., 219.

Muddy margins of lakes and ponds throughout Ontario ; quite com-
mon. Montreal, Q. (Maclagan.} Mouth of River St. Pierre, near
Montreal, Q. {Holmes.}

XLI. LOASACE/E. LOASA FAMILY.

206. MENTZELIA, Plumier. (BARTONIA.)
(824.) M. albicaulis, Dougl.

Bartonia albicaulis, Hook. Fl. I., 222.

Along the Fraser and Thompson Rivers, from Boston Bar to the
Nicola River, B.C. (Macoun.) Dry ground near Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Hill.}

(825.) M. IsevicauliS, Torr. & Gray.

Bartonia Isevicaulis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 221.
B. parmftora, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 221.

On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Upper Columbia.
(Douglas.} Along the Similkameen River, B.C. (Dawson.} Macoun's
Cat., No. 710.

(826.) M. ornata, Torr. & Gray.

Bartonia ornata, Pursh, 326.
Sheltered valley, Foot-hills of the West Butte, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.}

XLII. CURCURB1TACE/E. GOURD FAMILY.

207. SICYOS, Linn. (STAR CUCUMBER.)
(827.) S. angulatus, Linn.

Elaterium trifol'Mtum, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 697.
Spontaneous in gardens, and around houses and barns, climbing over

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 177

fences, &c. Vicinity of Montreal. (Brunei.) St. Johns, Q. (Madagan.)
Waste heaps, and around gardens at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) Port Dover, Ont. (Burgess.)

208. ECHINOCYSTIS, Torr. & Cray. (WILD BALSAM

APPLE.)

(828.) E. lobata, Torr. & Gray.

Momordica echinata, Hook. Fl. I., 220.
Sicyos lobatus, Michx. Fl. II., 217.

Spontaneous around dwellings in Ontario, but indigenous in the
North-west. Dartmouth, near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.) Intervales and
islands at the mouth of the Keswick, N.B. (Moser.) Saint Laurent
and Lotbiniere. (Brunei.) Cayuga, Ont. (Madagan.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Belleville and near Campbellford, Ont. ; Fort Francis, Rainy River,
Dawson Route ; in the Qu'Appelle valley, nea.r the source of the river.
(Macoun.) Plains of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, and banks of
the Saskatchewan. (Drummond, Douglas.)

XLTII. CACTACEJ3. CACTUS FAMILY.

2O9. MAMILLARIA, Haworth.

(829.) M. vivipara, Haworth.

Cnctiis viviparus, Nutt. Pursh, 735.

Sand Hills at Flat Creek, west of Brandon, and on all sandy tracts
to the west and south throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Wood
End, Long. 103°; and Woody Mountain and westward to Long. 111°,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

210. OPUNTIA, Jour. (PRICKLY PEAR.)

(830.) O. Raflnesquii, Engelm. Macoun's Cat, No. 712.

Abundant on nand at the southern end of Pelee Point, Lake Erie.
Said to grow on Long Point. (Macoun.)

(831.) O. Missouriensis, DC. Prickly Pear.

We refer all our eastern forms to this species, but without being cer-
tain, as specimens have seldom been preserved. The Qu'Appelle valley,

12

178 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

about two miles from its mouth, and the north bank of the Assiniboine
above Shell Kiver, are the most eastern localities known. It is found
at Moose Jaw Creek and at the Elbow of the south Saskatchewan,
and thence south and west to Long. 112° at the Hand Hills. A species
which I believe to be the same, reappears again on the north bank of
the Peace River, Lat. 56° 12', where it grows on the arid clay slopes,
exposed often to a temperature of 55° below zero. It is found from
Fort St. John to 50 miles below Dunvegan, or for a distance of 150
miles. {Macoun.) On the boundary, Lat. 49°, it appears in Long. 103°,
and disappears in Long. 111°. (Dawson.*)

(832.) O. ? Macoun's Cat., No. 713.

Abundant in the dry interior of British Columbia, from Spence's
Bridge to Cache Creek and eastward to or near Kamloops. {Macoun &

{mil.)

XLIV. FICOIDE^E. ICE PLANT FAMILY.

211. MOLLUGO, Linn. (INDIAN CHICKWEED.)

(833.) M. verticillata, Linn. Carpet Weed.

An immigrant from farther south. On a sandy shore, subject to
inundations, Grand Lake, N.B. {Fowler's Cat.} Borders of rivers
near Montreal. {Brunet.) Island of Montreal. {Holmes.) Maiden,
Ont. {Maclagan.) On the railway track between Niagara Falls and
Queenston. {Macoun.') Point Pelee, Lake Erie. {Burgess.')

XLV. UMBELLIFER^B. PARSLEY FAMILY.

212. HYDROCOTYLE, Tourn. (WATER PENNY WORT.)

(834.) H. Americana, Linn.

Shady damp places and along brooks. Three Mile House, near
Halifax, N.S. ( Lawson.) In shady, damp or springy places, common,
N.B. {Fowler's Cat.) Common throughout Quebec and Ontario, but
seldom collected.

213. SANICULA, Tourn. (SANICLE. BLACK SNAKE-

ROOT.)

(835.) S. CanadensiS, Linn. Canada Sanicle.

S. Marylandica, var. Canadensis, Torr. Hook. Fl. I., 257.
S. Marylandica, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 602. in part.

Eich, cool woods and thickets. Vicinity of Ottawa. {Fletcher FL

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 179

Ott.) Woods near PJcton, Prince Fdward Co. ; near Belleville, and
rich woods, Niagara Falls and Amherstburg, Lake Erie, Ont. (Macoun.)
Woods west of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Near Barrie on Lake
Simcoe, Ont. (Spotten.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

(836.) S. Mary land ica, Linn. •

Eich, cool woods; extending from Capo Breton and the Magdalen
Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and in Newfoundland ; also through
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, and westward to the
Eocky Mountains. It is quite constant in character, and easily dis-
tinguished from the preceding species by the flowers.

(837.) S. Mcnziesii, Hook. & Am.

^North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Abundant in the vicinity
of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

(838.) S. arctopoides, Hook. & Am.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Queeu Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

(839.) S. bipinnatiflcla, Dougl.
Doubtless along the southern boundary of British Columbia, Lat. 49°.

214. CONIUM, Linn. (POISON HEMLOCK.)

(840.) C. maculatum, Linn.

Naturalized in towns and cities, from Europe. Very common in the
vicinity of Quebec. (Brunei.) Naturalized in many parts of Quebec.
(Maclatjan.) Common at Bath, along the Bay of Quinte ; in the village
of Norham, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; and waste places, Toronto.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Very abundant
in the city of London, Ont. (Buryess.)

215. MUSENIUM, Nutt.
(841.) M. divaricatum, Nutt.

Seseli divaricatum, Pursh, 732.

Abundant at Brandon, Manitoba, and on exposed slopes of the Assini-
boinc and other rivers south-west to the Eocky Mountains ; also at
Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba. (Macoun.) Peinbina Mountain and
Woody Mountain, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

180 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. Hookeri, Tori*. & Gray.

Seseli divaricatum, Hook. Fl. I., 264.

M. angustifolium, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I. 642.

About Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Douglas.) In the
vicinity of the Hand Hills, Long. 112°. (Macoun.)

(842.) M. tenuifolium, Nutt. PI. Bourgeau, 263.

Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass, Lat. 5 1°. (Bourgeau.) Dry bank,
foot hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

216. ERIGENIA, Nutt. HARBINGER-OF-SPRING.)
(843.) E. bulbosa, Nutt,

Sison biUbosum, Michx. Fl. I., 169.
Hydroctyle composite, Pursh, 190.
H. ambigua, Pursh, 732.

Very abundant in rich woods around London, Ont. (Burgess.) Near
St. Thomas, Ont. (Buchan.)

217. APIUM, Linn. (PARSLEY, CELERY.)

(844.) A. Petroselinum, Linn. Parsley.

This species has become spontaneous in old gardens and on waste
heaps. It propagates itself freely from seed. (Macoun.)

218. CARUM, Koch. (CARRAWAY.)

(845.) C. Carui, Linn. Garden Can-away.

Escaped from cultivation in all old settlements, and becoming a weed
in many places.

(846.) C. Gairdneri, Benth. & Hook.

Edosmia Gairdneri, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 612.

In the beds of spring torrents or brooks which are dry in summer,
from Old Wives Lakes to and beyond the Cypress Hillls, N.W.T.
(Macoun.) South Fork of Belly River, abundant, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

,219. PI M PI NELL A, Linn. (BURNET SAXIFRAGE.)
(84*7.) P. integerrima, Benth. & Hook.

Smyrnium integerrimum, Linn. Pursh, 196.
Zizia integerrima, DC. Macoun's Cat. No. 733.

Dry, gravelly or sandy woods and thickets. Quebec, Isle of Orleans.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 181

(Thomas.) Montreal Mountain. (Maclagan.) Abundant from Prescott
westward throughout Ontario.

220. THASPIUM, Nutt. (MEADOW PARSNIP.)

•
(848.) T. barbinode, Nutt.

lAgusticum barbinode, Michx. Fl. I., 167.

Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) On the Canada Southern
Railway, between Colchester Station and Amherstburg. (Macoun.)
Chippawa and Detroit River. (Maclagan.')

(849.) T. aureum, Nutt.

Smyrnium aureum, Linn. Michx. Fl. L, 171.
Sison trifoliatum, Michx. Pursh, 194.
Zizia aurea, Koch. Hook. Fl. I., 260.

Dry thickets and moist river banks. Along the St. John River, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Quebec, Isle of Orleans, and other places. (Brunet.)
Nun's Island, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Montreal Mountain; and
Knowlton, Eastern Townships. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Banks of Con-
way's Creek, Prescott. (Billings.) Prince's Island, near Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) Islands in the Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Common
around London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(850.) T. trifoliatum, Gray.

Smyrnium cordatum, Walter. Pursh, 196.
S. trifoliatum, Muhl. Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 6.
Thaspium cordatum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 615.
Zizia cordata, Koch. Hook. Fl. I., 260.

Abundant from the eastern borders of the prairie westward to the
Rocky Mountains, and northward to the Peace River. (Macoun.)
Abundant over the first and second prairie steppes, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
Saskatchewan, and the River Winnipeg, and the prairies of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) This species is quite variable, but we have
not limited the varieties.

221. CICUTA, Koch. (WATER HEMLOCK.)

(851.) C. maculata, Linn. Spotted Cowbane.
Sium (?) Douglasii, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 263.

From the Atlantic to the Coast Range of British Columbia, and north
on the Mackenzie to Lat. 64°. Coast east of Mackenzie River. (Hook.
Arct. PI.) The roots of this and following species are deadly poisons.

182 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(852.) C. virosa, Linn. Musquash Poison.

Frequent from the Red River westward, on wet spots on the prairie,
and quite common in the wooded country on the Saskatchewan, Atha-
basca and Peace Rivers. (Macoun.) Wooded country of the interior,
from ,Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) North end of Lake Winnipeg to
York Factory. (R. Bell.} Coast east of Mackenzie River. (Hook.
Arct. PL}

(853.) C. bulbifcra, Linn.

Common in swamps throughout Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Que-
bec and Ontario. From York Factory, Hudson's Bay, to the Sas-
katchewan. (Drummond.)

222. SIUM, Linn. (WATER PARSNIP.)

(854.) S. cicutaefolium, Gmelin.

S. lineare, Michxi Maeoun's Cat,, No. 737.

S. latifolium, Bigel. Hook. Fl. I., 262.

Apium lineare. Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. I., 888 and 893.

Wet places and ditches from the Atlantic to the Pacific and north to
the Peace River country. (Macoun.} Coarse leaved forms of this
species have been taken for S. latifolium, which is unknown in America

222. CRYPTOT/ENI A, DC. (HONEWORT.)
(855.) C. Canadensis, DC.

Siwn Canadense, Linn. Michx. FL I., 168.
Chserophyllum Canadense, Crantz. Pursh, 195.

Rich, damp woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Very abundant
in rich, low woods throughout Quebec and Ontario.

224. CH/EROPHYLLUM, Linn. (CHERVIL.)

(856.) C. procumbens, Crantz.

Abundant on White Island, in the Detroit River, opposite Amherst-
burg. (Macoun.)

225. BUPLEURUM, Linn. (THOROUGH WAX.)

(857.) B. ranunculoides, Linn.
Foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Cape

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 183

Mulgrave in Behring's Straits. (Lay & Collie.} Port Clarence to Cape
LiHburne ; and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.} East of Mackenzie
Eiver. (Hook. Arct. PL}

226. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. (SWEET CICELY.)

(858.) O. longiStylis, DC. Smoother Sweet Cicely.

Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Eich woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} Crevices of rocks, St. Croix, Q. (Brunei.} Lachine Woods and
Montreal Mountain. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.} Wind Mill Point, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. ; Wood Mountain, N.W.T., Lat.
49°. (Burgess.) Ox Point, near Belleville; at Collingwood, and up
the Kaministiquia Eiver, Lake Superior ; Moose Jaw Creek and Hand
Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.} On the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} Near
Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)

(859.) O. brevistylis, DC. Hairy Sweet Cicely.

Myrrhis Claytoni, Michx. Fl. I., 170.
Chserophyllum Claytoni, Pers. Pursh. 195.

Eich, damp woods, from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through-
out Quebec and Ontario, and westward to the Eocky Mountains. It is
probable that the Eocky Mountains and British Columbia form belongs
to the next species. I place all notices from those regions under it.

(860.) O. nuda, Torrey.

0. brevistylis, Bong. Hook. Fl. I., 272, in part.
0. divaricata, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 639.

Woody places on the west side of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
From Lat. 49° to Observatory Inlet, in Lat. 55°, on the West Coast.
(Douglas.) Frequent in the lower valley of the Fraser. (Macoun.)
Eastern base of the Cascades on Skagit Eiver, B.C. ; S. Kootanie Pass,
Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Eocky Mountains, Bow Eiver Pass, Lat. 51°.
(jBourgeau.) Ounalashka and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

227. CLYCOSMA, Nutt.

(861.) C. occidentale, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 639.

Myrrhis ocddentalis, Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. I., 897.
On the Eocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

184 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

228. (ETHUSA, Linn. (FOOL'S PARSLEY.)

(862.) CE. Cynapium, Linn.

A weed in gardens. Introduced with garden seeds from Europe.
Occasional in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) A weed in gardens at
Belleville, Ont. ; also, Seymour, Northumberland Cd., Ont. (Macoun.)

229. ANTHRISCUS, Pers. (BEAKED PARSLEY.)

(863.) A. vulgaris, Pers. Common Beaked Parsley.
Introduced from Europe at Bedford, N.S. (Lindsay.}

230. LICUSTICUM, Linn. (LOVAGE.)

(864.) L. Scoticum, Linn. Scotch Lovage.

Newfoundland. (Miss JJrenton.) Pictou, N.S. ; St. Paul's Island,
Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Cape Breton. (McKay.) Halifax, N.S.
(Lawson.) Near salt water on banks and rocks, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Common on the cliffs along the Bay of Chlaleur and along the Gasp^
coast to .Riviere du Loup, Q. (Macoun.) Tadousac and Labrador coast.
(Brunei.) Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.) Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.)
Sitka, Kodiak, Kotzebue Sound, and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
South Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(865.) L. actseifolium, Michx. Fl. I., 166.

Ferula Canadenrin, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 268.

Angelica ludda, Bart. Pursh, 193.

Tliaspium actsdfolium, Nutt. Hook. Fl. T., 265.

Parsboro', N. S. (How.) Near Tadousac, on the banks of the St.
Lawrence. (Michaux.) A very doubtful species: more likely the
preceding one.

231. SELINUM, Linn. (HEMLOCK PARSLEY.)
(866 ) S. Canadense, Michx.

Cnidium Canadense, Spreng. Hook. Fl. I., 264.
Conioselinum Canadense, Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., 734.

Wet borders of streams. Not very common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Mouth of the St. Lawrence. (Michaux.) On sea cliffs along the Gasp£
coast ; also in a peat bog on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 185

Mountains, altitude 4,000 feet. (Macoun.) Lotbiniere and Tadousac,
on the rocks. (Brunei.) Seashore, Riviere du Loup. (Thomas.') Lake
Temiscouta, Q. (Maclagan.) Gait and Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Vincinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(867.) S. Paciflcum, Watson.

Two species are found in North-western America, which I place pro-
visionally under this and the next species. All references are placed
under the next. I follow Watson in the synonomy.

(868.) S. Benthami, Watson.

Conioselinum FiscJieri, Bong. Hook. Fl. I., 266.
Laserpitium hirsutum, Hook. & Arn. Hook. Fl. L, 270.

Labrador. (Morrison.) Arctic sea coast, between the Coppermine
and Mackenzie Eivers. (Richardson.) Straits of De Fuca, on the North-
west coast. (Scoukr.) Sitka, Ounalashka, Kotzebue Sound and Arctic
coast. (Sothr. Alqsk.)

232. ANGELICA, Linn. (ANGELICA.)

(869.) A. genuflexa, Nutt.

Common in northern British Columbia, and in woods on the Peace
Eiver, at the Rocky Mountain Canyon, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.)

(870.) A, lucida, Linn.

Canada. (Pursh.) Neither Sir William Hooker nor any American
writer throws any light on this species ; but should it be an American
species, distinct from others, it will likely be found in Newfoundland or
on the coast of Labrador.

233. ARCH ANGELICA, Hoffm. (ARCHANGELICA.)

(871.) A. atropurpurea, Hoffm. Great Angelica.

Angelica atropurpurea, Lindl. Hook. Fl. L, 267.
A. triquinata, Michx. Pursh, 193.

On low grounds along streams. Coast of Labrador. (Butler.) West
coast of Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Bartilog, Northumberland Co., and
at Harris' Cove, on the Kennebecasis, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Isle of
Orleans, Saint Lambert and Lotbiniere, Q. (Brunei.) Coast of Gaspe",
Q. ; Flats of Salmon River, Hastings Co. ; Cold Creek Flats, Northum-
berland Co., Ont. ; up the Kaministiquia and along the north shore of

186 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Lake Superior, and on Michipicotin Island. (Maioun.) Vicinity of
London, Ont.. rare. (Saunders.) Near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Dundas and Fullerton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(872.) A. Cmelini, DC.

A. officinalis, Hook. Fl. I., 267.

A. peregrina, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 622.

Coast of Labrador. (Me (rill Coll. Herb). On the shore of Courtney
Bay, near the Penitentiary, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant on the
Gaspd coast, from Grand Etang to Ste. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) "Sitka, Ounalnshka and Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(873.) A. hirsute, Torr. & Gray.

Ferula mllosa, Walt. Pursh, 192.

Angelica triquinata, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 267.

Both Pursh and Michaux credit this species to Canada. It will
probably be found in south-western Ontario.

234. CYMOPTERUS, Raf.

(874.) C. terebinthinus, Torr. & Gray.

C. albiflorus & tMpsoides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 625.
C. fceniculaceus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 624.
Selinum terebinthinum, Hook. Fl. I., 266.

On the Rocky Mountains in the Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)
It will likely be found in the mountains along the same parallel to the
coast.

(875.) C. glomeratus, Raf.

Selinum acaule, Pursh, 732.

Ferula (?) Palmella, Hook. Fl. I., 268.

About Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Drumtnond.) Souris
River, Lat. 49°. (Burgess.) At Wood End, N.W.T., Lat. 49.° (Dawson.)

235. PEUCEDANUM, Linn. (HOG'S FENNEL.)
(876.) P. leiocarpum, Nutt.

Seseli leiocarpum, Hook. Fl. I., 263.

P. triternatum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. VIII., 385.

On the dry interior of British Columbia, east of the Coast Range.
(Macoun & Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 187

(877.) P. triternatum, Nutt.

Seseli triternatum, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 264.

Will very likely be found along the southern boundary of British
Columbia.

(878.) P. ambiguum, Nutt.

P. Isevigatum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 627.
Along the Fraser River in the vicinity of Yale, B.C. (Macoun.~)

(879.) P. utriculatum, Nutt.

Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, and along the Fraser, above
Yale, B.C. (Jfoeotm.)

(880.) P. foeniculaceum, Nutt.

Ferula fveniculaw a, Nutt. Hook. Fl. L, 268, in part.

Carlton House, on the Saskatchewan. (Drwnmond.} On the Assini-
boine, near Brandon, at the narrows of Lake Manitoba, and frequent
on bluffs along the Coteau de Missouri, and the high banks of rivers,
N.W.T. (Macoun.) Wood End, Souris River, N.W.T., Lat. 49°.
(Dawson.)

(881.) P. macrocarpum, Nutt.

Ferula fueniculacea, Hook. Fl. I., 268, in part.
Thaspium macrocarpum, PI. Bourgeau, 257.

Along the Fraser at Lytton, B.C. (Mdcoun, Dawson.') Saskatche-
wan Plains. (Bourgeau.*)

(882.) P. sativum, Benth. & Hook. Common Parsnip.

Pastinaca saliva, Linn. Macoun's Cat., No. 725.

Very common in many localities in and around gardens and orchards,
and along roadsides. It has become thoroughly established in Ontario.
Escaped from gardens in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} In various
localities, Quebec, (Brwnet.) Common in Manitoba and at many H.
B. Co's. posts. (Macoun.)

236. HERACLEUM, Linn. (COW ARSNIP.)

(883.) H. lanatum, Michx.

Very common in almost every part of the country, from Newfound-
land and Labrador, and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the
Pacific and north to Sitka. The Indians of northern British Columbia
chew the petioles of the leaves, and seem to relish the juice very much.
The south-western branch of the Peace River is named the " Parsnip,''
on account of the abundance of this species in its valley.

188 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

237. FERULA, Linn.

(884.) F. dissolute, Watson, Bot. Calif. L, 271.

F. dissecta, Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 748.

Abundant on the mountain slopes above Spence's Bridge, B. C.
(885.) F. multiflda, Gray.

Leptotcenia multifida, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 630.

Common in rich grassy thickets, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.) Mountains in the S. Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawscm.*)
All the specimens examined, of those two species, are very young and
may be incorrectly determined.

238. DAUCUS, Tourn. (CARROT.)

(886.) D. pusillus, Michx. var. microphyllus, Torr. & Gray.
D. microphyllus, Presl. Hook. Fl. I., 271.

Nootka Sound and Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.) Abundant on diy
hills around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun, Hill.}

(887.) D. Carota, Linn. Cultivated Carrot.

Occasionally found, for a year or two, in gardens and fields, but can
scarcely be said to have become spontaneous anywhere.

239. ARCHEMORA, DC. (COWBANE.)
(888.) A. rierida, DC.

Sium rigidius, Linn. Pursh, 194.
Sison marginatum, Michx. Fl. L, 168.

Sandy or other swamps, western Ontario. Colchester Station,
Canada Southern Railway. (Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.*)
Port Colboroe. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

XLVI. AEALIACE^). GINSENG FAMILY.

240. ARALIA, Tourn. (GINSENG.)

(889.) A. racemosa, Linn. Spikenard.
On turned up stumps in damp woods. Common at Pictou, N.S.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 189

(McKay.} Near Halifax. (How.) Rather uncommon in rich woods,
N.B. (Fowlers Cat.} Quite common throughout Quebec and Ontario.

(890.) A. hispida, Vent. " Dwarf Elder."

Rocky and sandy woods and banks. Common from Newfoundland
and the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, westward
throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Hudson's Bay. (R. Bell.}

(891.) A. nudicaulis, Linn. Wild Sarsaparilla,

Very abundant in rich, damp woods, from the Atlantic to the Rocky
Mountains. On the west coast, Newfoundland. (J. Bell.) Throughout
the wooded country of the interior and down the Mackenzie to Lat. 64°.
(Richardson.}

(892.) A. quinquefolia, Decsne. Ginseng.
Panax quinquefolium, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 273.

Rich and cool woods ; rather rare. Mossy woods near Montreal.
(Brunei.) Montreal Mountain. (Holmes.) Belceil Mountain, Q.
(Maclagan.) Miri win's Woods, near Prescott. (Billings.) Kingston
Mills, Ont. (J. Bell.) Woods rear of Picton, also at Belleville, and in
Seymour, Brighton, Sidney and Cramahe, Ont. ; Owen Sound and near
Amherstburg. (Macounn.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.) Four
miles north of London, rare. (Sounders.} Near Woodstock, Ont.
(Burgess.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)

(893.) A. trifolia, Decsne. Dwarf Ginseng.
Panax tri/olium, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 273.

Rich woods ; rather local. Pictou, N.S. ; rare. (McKay.) Cow
Bay, near Halifax. (Lindsay.) Truro, N.S. (Campbell.) Rich woods,
Hudson's Brook, Kent Co., N. B. (Fowler's Gatf) Charlesburg, Q.
(Brunei.) Valley of the River Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Common in
western Quebec. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Frequent throughout Ontario.

241. FATSIA, Benth. & Hook.

(894.) F. horrida, Benth. & Hook. Devil's Club.

Panax horridum, Smith. Hook. FL I., 273.
Echinopanax horridus, Decsne. Macoun's Cat. No. 759.

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.} Abundant on the west side
of the Rocky Mountains, from the source of the Columbia to Lat. 49°.
(Douglas.) Queen Charlotte Sound. (Scouler.) East side of the Rocky
Mountains, extremely rare. (Drummond.) Very abundant in Peace

190 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Eiver Pass, especially along the base of Mount Selwyn. (Macoun.)
Sitka and Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.)

XLVII. COENACE.E. DOGWOOD FAMILY.

242. CORNUS. Tourn. (CORNEL. DOGWOOD.)

(895.) C. Canadensis, Linn. Dwarf Cornel. Bunchberry. .

Very abundant in cool, sandy woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
across the whole of the wooded country, and north as far as the spruce
extends. (Richardson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(896.) S. Suecica, Linn. Lapland Cornel.

Labrador. (Brunei.) Newfoundland. (Morrison.) Brandy Pots'
Island, Eiver St. Lawrence. (Kelly.) Sparingly along the shore at
Eiviere du Loup, Q. Coast of Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.) Common on the western coast of Alaska.
(Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct^Pl.)

(897.) C. Unalaskensis, Ledeb.

Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
(898.) C. florida, Linn. Flowering Dogwood.

Woods beside the Waterdown Eoad, in the valley below Ancaster
and West Flamboro', also near Albion, vicinity of Hamilton. (Logic.)
Niagara district. (Maclagan.) Very abundant on the line of the
Canada Southern Eailway, from St. Thomas to Amherstburg, Ont.,
and eastward to Fort Brie, at the foot of 'Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Near
London, Ont. (Bun/ess.)

(899.) C. Nuttallii, Audubon. Westering Flowering Dogwood.

C. florida, Hook. Fl. I., 277, in part.

Quite common in the neighborhood of Yale, B.C. (Macoun, Hill.)
(900.) C. circinata, L'Her. Round Leaved Cornel.
C. tomentu/iOsa, Michx. Fl. I., 91.

Dry, sandy thickets. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Windsor, N.S. (How.)
Weldford, Kent Co., probably, not rare. (Fowler's Cat.) Lotbiniere,
and at St. Laurent. (Brunei.) On limestone rocks, Eiver Eouge, Q.
(D1 Urban.) Beloeil Mountain, Q. ; and Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.)
Thickets G. T. E. Gravel Pit, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common around Belleville and Eice

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 191

Lake Plains, and westward to Toronto ; Owen Sound, and at Kababeka
Falls, 30 miles west of Fort William, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Mountain side, near Hamilton. (Logic.) Vicinity of London, Ont.

(Burgess.)

(901.) C. sericea, Linn. Silky Cornel.
C. lanuginosa, Michx. Fl. I., 92.

On gravel bars in rivers and wet places. New Brunswick (no locality
given.) (Fowler's Cat.) Very common on the borders of rivers in
Quebec. (Brunet.) Bank of the Moira at Belleville, and in Prince
Edward Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Chippawa and Maiden. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) This species is no doubt often
included in the next.

(902.) C. stolon if era, Michx. Red-Osier Dogwood. Kinnikinnik.
Arrow-wood.

C. alba, Lam. Hook. Fl. I., 276., in part.
C. sanguinea, Marsh. Hook. Fl. I., 276.

Very abundant in low grounds along streams, from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, and northward to Lat. 69°, in the Mackenzie River valley.
On the west side" of the continent it is mixed with the next species,
from which it may be distinguished by the straight appressed hairs on
the young shoots.

(903.) C. pubescens, Nutt.

C. alba, var. (3. Hook. Fl. I., 276. Macoun's Cat., Nos. 762 and 765.
C. sericea, var. (?) occidentalis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 652.

North-west coast. (Menzies.) On the Thompson, at Spcnce's Bridge,
B.C. [?] (Macoun.) All British Columbia forms should be carefully
collected in fruit.

(904.) C. asperifolia, Michx. Rough-leaved Cornel.

Abundant on Pelee Point, Lake Erie, growing in sand. It is prob-
able this species is common along the Lake Erie shore. (Macoun.)

(905.) C. paniculata, L'Hcr. Panicled Cornel.

Dry, sandy thickets and borders offences. Halifax, N.S. (McKay.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Abundant throughout Ontario
and possibly farther east than Ottawa, but taken for C. sericea.

(906.) C. alternifolia, Linn. Alternate-leaved Cornel.

A small tree on the borders of woods. PiQtou, N.S. (McKay).
Halifax, N. S. (Sommers.) In open woods, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Sparingly in woods along the River Rouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Montreal

192 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Mountain. (^Maclagan.) Common from Ottawa to the west side of
Lake Superior on the Kaministiquia. (Macoun.~)

243. NYSSA, Linn. (PEPPERIDGE. SOUR GUM TREE.)

(907.) N. multiflora, Wang. Pepperidge.

N. aquatica, Linn. Michx. Arb. Amer. II., 165.
N. Mflora, Michx. Fl. II., 259. Pursh, 177.
N. villosa, Michx. Fl. II., 259. Pursh, 177.

One tree was observed in a field at Bismark on the Canada Southern
Railway, and large numbers of fine trees in a " pepperidge swamp,"
between Essex Centre and Leamington, Ont. {Macoun.} Common
report in the County of Essex, Ont., makes this an abundant tree in
many swamps of that district.

GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF CANADA,
ALFKED E. C. SBLWYN, LL.D., F.K.S., F.G.S., DIRECTOR.

CATALOGUE

OF

CANADIAN PLANTS.

PART II.-GAMOPETALJi

*%&

>*

UN PT

*

JOHN MACOUK, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.S.C.,

Botanist to the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada.

BK.OTHERS.

1884.

PREFACE

PAET II.

In the preface to the first part of this catalogue, mention was made
of the authorities from which our materials were drawn, and the names
of the various botanists from whom or through whom we had obtained
a knowledge of the geographical range of the various species.

One important omission was, however, inadvertently made. Promi-
nence should have been given to the fact that through the kindness of
Dr. Asa Gray and his able assistant, Sereno Watson, Esq., all doubtful
species were critically examined and reported on by them. In every
case their decision was considered final, except where mention is made
of divergence of opinion and the reasons therefor given in the text.
For many years these gentlemen have assisted me in determining our
difficult phenogams, and much of the real value of the present work is
due to them.

During the past year additional data have been obtained from most
of the Provinces, chiefly from the following sources: — Extensive collec-
tions were made by myself in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton and Anticosti.
In New Brunswick several enthusiastic botanists have greatly extended
the knowledge of the flora and added many species to the provincial
list. Mr. Henry Ami, of the G-eological and Natural History Survey,
has added a number of interesting species to the Ontario flora, and
Adis Fowler, C.E., of Toronto, has contributed a local list of the species
found near that city. David F. Day, President of the Buffalo Natural
History Society, has transmitted a complete list of the species collected
by himself and others on the Canadian side of the Niagara River and
on the shore of Lake Erie. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company
had extensive collections made last summer in the prairie region by
Messrs. Mason, Ducker, Creelman and J. M. Macoun. Dr. G. M.
Dawson, assisted by J. B. Tyrrell, B.A., in connection with his explora-

IV PREFACE.

tions in the Eocky Mountains has made many valuable additions to the
flora of that region. In British Columbia, Mr. James Fletcher, of
Ottawa, has collected on Vancouver Island and in the valleys of the
Fraser and Thompson rivers ; while Mr. Cowley and J. A. Hill, C.E.,
have favoured me with many interesting plants from various parts of
that province.

Special thanks are due to Thomas Meehan, Esq., State Botanist of
Pennsylvania, for an extensive manuscript list of the species collected
by him on the British Columbian and Alaskan coasts, during the sum
mer of 1883. This list is a valuable addition to our knowledge of the
west coast flora.

It is proposed to continue the present work until all known species of
Canadian plants are catalogued, and their geographical range recorded,
and the writer earnestly invites all botanical students within the
Dominion to assist in this necessary work. The next part will com-
plete the exogens, and to this an addendum will be attached bringing
our knowledge of the foregoing parts up to date.

JOHN MACOUK

GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS.

XLVIIL CAPEIFOLIACE^B. HONE.YSUCKLE FAMILY.

244. ADOXA, Linn.

(908.) A. Moschatellina, Linn. Tuberous Moschatel.

In damp shady places under trees. Wooded country, Lat. 54°-64°.
(Richardson.') Along a small stream on the Telegraph Trail, east of
Nechacco Eiver, B. C. (Macoun.~) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Oowley.~)

245. SAMBUCUS, Linn. (ELDER.)

(909.) S. racemosa, Linn. Bed-berried Elder.

S. racemosa, ft. Hook. Fl. L, 279.

S. pubens, Michx. Var. y. arborescens, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 13.

Eocky hillsides from the eastern side of the Eocky Mountains to the
Pacific. Eocky Mountains on the east side. (jDrummond.'} Slope of
the south Kootanie Pass, and at Mich ell Creek, Crow Nest Pass,
Lat. 50° ; Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B. C. (Dawson.~) Thickets around
Victoria, Vancouver Island, and at Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.') Sitka.
(Rothr. Alask.'}

Var. pubens, Watson, King's Eept. V., 133.

S. pubens, Michx. Gray, Manual, 205. Macoun's Cat., No. 785.
S. pubescens, Pers. Pursh, Fl. I., 204.
S. racemosa, Hook. Fl. L, 279.

Common along fences and in rocky thickets from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan. This form has generally five leaflets while the last
has seven, with the under side much more pubescent in the mountain"
specimens.

194 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(910.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Common Elder.

In low thickets and along fences, frequent from Nova Scotia to the
Saskatchewan. Berries purple.

246. Viburnum, Linn. ARROW-WOOD.)

(911.) V. Lentago, Linn. Sweet Viburnum. Sheep-berry.

Common from Riviere du Loup westward to the valleys of the Eed,
Assiniboine, and Saskatchewan rivers. Its usual habitat is river valleys
where it sometimes grows to the height of twenty feet with a diameter
of six inches. Its wood is of a yellow color and when fresh cut has a
very powerful and offensive odor.

(912.) V. nudum, Linn. Yar. cassinoides, Torr. & Gray.

V. nudum, Hook. Fl. L, 279.

V. pyrifolium, Pursh, Fl. I., 201.

V. cassinoides, Linn. Pursh, Fl. I., 202.

V. prunifolium, Hook. Fl. I., 279.

Common in cold swamps and rocky wet woods from Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to the Saskatchewan. Rare in south-
ern Ontario. Port Colborne, Ont. (David F.

(913). V. dentatum, Linn. Arrow-wood.

Wet places and thickets in south-western Ontario. La Grande
Chaudiere, Ottawa. (Pursh.} [Extremely doubtful.] Woods, north
of the Junction, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.}
It is probable that part of the above references belong to the next
species. Deleware station near St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.}

(914.) V. pubescens, Pursh. Downy Arrow-wood.

Dry rocky fields and thickets extending from the western part of
Quebec to Manitoba, near Brandon on the Assiniboine. Nicolet, Q.
(Maclagari) is its eastern limit. Although called Downy Arrow-wood,
it is often almost smooth, and approaches closely to the preceding
except in its short petioles which are constant.

(915.) V. acerifolium, Linn. Maple-leaved Arrow-wood.

Dry rocky thickets and borders of woods. Beloeil and Montreal
Mountains. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Common in Ontario. (Macoun.}
From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond} This species
i^ reported from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Alaska, but, as it was
formerly confounded with the next, I believe these references belong
to that species

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 195

(916.) V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Few-flowered Viburnum.

V. acerifolium, Bongard's Veg. Sitka.

V. Oxycoccus, Pursh. Hook. Fl. L, 281, in part.

V. edule, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 281, in part.

Very common in cool low woods or on mountain slopes throughout
the northern forest region. Labrador. (Butler. ~) Mountains near
Joachim, Q. (Brunei?) Anticosti, Gasp£ Peninsula, north shore of
Lake Superior, and westward to northern British Columbia, where it
is very abundant ; also, Cypress Hills, N. W. T. (Macoun.) Flathead
Eiver, B. C. (Dawson.~) Saskatchewan to Slave Lake in Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(917.) V. Opulus, Linn. High-bush Cranberry.

V. Oxycoccus, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 281, in part.

V. edule, DC. Hook. Fl. L, 281, in part.

V. Opulus, Linn. Var. Americanum, Ait. Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 18.

In river valleys and low damp meadows by brooks. Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, and westward to the valleys of the Bed, Assiniboine
and Saskatchewan rivers. More southern than the preceding, and
ripening its abundant fruit, which, however, is far from being so plea-
sant as that of V. pauciflorum, much later.

(918.) V. lantanoides, Michx. Hobble-bush.

Common in cool, damp or rocky woods from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick, throughout Quebec and northern Ontario, to Lake Superior.

247. LINN/EA, Cronov. (TWIN-FLOWER.)

(919.) L. boreal is, G-ronov. Northern Twin-flower.

Very abundant in cool, mossy woods from the Atlantic to the Pacific
and far northward.

Var. longiflora, Torrey in Bot. Wilkes Exped.

Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) This form has larger flowers
with a long tapering tube and much longer and wider sepals. (Macoun.}

248. SYMPHOR1CARPOS, Juss. (SNOW-BERRY.)

(920.) S. occidentalis, E. Br. Wolf-berry.
Very common throughout the prairie region extending from the

196 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

eastern margin of the prairie to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Forest country, Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.*)

(921.) S. racemoSUS, Michx. Snow-berry.

Symphoria racemosus, Pers- Pursh, Fl. I., 162.
Xylosteum dliatum, (3. album, Pursh, Fl. I., 161.

Rocky and dry river banks and in thickets where limestone gravel
prevails. Pictou, 1ST. S. (McKay.) Truro, IS". S. (Macoun.) Common
in gardens (cultivated), IS". B. (Fowler's Cat.) On mountains near
Lake Mistassini, Q. (Michaux.) Very abundant in the limestone dis-
tricts of Ontario, and extending westward to the Rocky Mountains
and British Columbia. (?)

Yar. pauciflorus, Robbins.

Same habitat but seldom separated from the last. The common
form at Ottawa. (Fletcher.) On the Canadian side of the Niagara
River, near the Falls. (David F. Day.} Vicinity of Toronto.
(Burgess.) Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Port Colborne, Ont. (Me Gill
Coll. Herb.) South of Battleford, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

249. LONICERA, Linn. (HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.)
(922.) L. ciliosa, Poir.

L. occidentals, Hook. Fl. I., 282. Macoun's Cat. No. 777.
Caprifolium dliosum, Pursh, Fl. I., 160.

Rocky hillsides Pacific coast. Vancoiiver Island, near Victoria.
(Fletcher & J. Richardson.) Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)

(923.) L. hispidula, Douglas. Var. Douglasii, Gray.

L. (?) microphylla, Hook. Fl. I., 283.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J-. Richardson.)

(924.) L. hirsute, Eaton. Hairy Honeysuckle.

Climbing high over bushes and along fences, from the Ottawa
westward. Beauharnois Co., Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) "Wolfe Island, Kingston, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Common at London, Ont., and Prince Arthur's Landing, Lake Su-
perior. (Burgess.) Common in central Ontario, also up the Kaminis-
tiquia River, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Pancake River, Lake Huron.
(J. Bell.) Owen Sound and Sable. (McGill Coll, Herb.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 197

(925.) L. Sullivantii, Gray.

L..flava var. /?. Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 6.
L. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 282.

Neighborhood of Winnipeg. (Gray, 1883.) I refer specimens
which I have hitherto named L. parviflora, var. Douglasii to this
species. These were collected at the Pic Eiver, Lake Superior, on the
Assiniboine at Port Bllice, and at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba,
Man. (Macoun.) In the vicinity of Emerson, Bed Eiver, Man.
(Dawson.) Moose Mountain, Man. (J. M. Macoun in G. P. E. Coll.)

(926.) L. glauca, Hill. Smooth Honeysuckle.

L. parviflora, Lam. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 204. Macoun's Cat. No. 779.
Caprifolium parviflorwm, Pursh, Fl. I., 161.
C. bracteosum, Michx. Fl. L, 105.

Montreal Mountain. (Holmes.} Common throughout Ontario in
thickets and along fences. (Macoun.') Near Emerson, Man. (Burgess.)
Occasionally met with in Manitoba. (Macoun.) Frequent, and as far
north as the Saskatchewan, and from Hudson Bay to the Rocky
Mountains. (Hooker.) Milk Eiver Eidge, Long. 112°, N. W. T.
(Dawson.) Hooker mentions two varieties, one with glabrous leaves,
which we recognize as the species under consideration. The other with
leaves which are pubescent on the under side, which is our western
form or L. Sullivantii (Gray.)

(92*7.) L. involucrata, Banks.

Eocky woods and banks of streams throughout the wooded region.
Near the confluence of the Metapedia and Eestigouche Elvers, N.B.
(Chalmers.) Ste. Anne's Eiver, G-aspe, Q. (Porter.) Port Arthur
Lake Superior. (Macoun.') North and South Kootanie Passes ; eastern
slope of Eocky Mountains and Belly Eiver. (Dawson.) Forest country,
Lat. 54°-64°, thence to the Eocky Mountains. (Richardson.) Frequent
on the north-west coast, Lat. 54°-56. (Douglas.) Common in nor-
thern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands and Coast
Eange, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant near, Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(928.) L. ciliata, Muhl. Fly Honeysuckle.

Xylosteum Tartaricum, Michx. Fl. I., 106.
X. dliatum, Pursh,«Fl. L, 161.

. Damp and rocky woods ; generally on turned up stumps. Common
in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario, to the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Dean or Salmon
Eiver, B. C. (Dawson.)

198 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(929.) L. caerulea, Linn. Mountain Honeysuckle.

Xylosteum villosum, Richards, in Frankl. Journ. 6.

Swamps and high northern woods, common northwards. In bogs
Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Anticosti and
Quebec, Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior, and in swamps along the
north shore ; extending westward, in the forest region, to the northern
part of British Columbia. (Macoun.) Throughout the wooded country
and as far north as Lat. 66°. (Richardson.) A specimen in fruit with
oval rather long-petioled leaves, gathered in the South Kootanie Pass
by Dr. G. M. Dawson, is doubtfully referred here.

Yar. villosa, Torr. & Gray PI. II., 9.

Xylosteum villosum, Michx. Pursh, Fl. L, 161.

Distinguished from the last by its hairy branches and leaves.
Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) Newfoundland. (Pylaie.) Coast of
Labrador and Dartmouth Hills, N.S. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.) Chipman
and Gondola Point, N.B. ( Wetmore.) Marshes along the base of the
Porcupine Mountain, head of Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.)
Knee Lake, Nelson Eiver, near Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.)

(930.) L. oblongifolia, Hook. Swamp Honeysuckle.

Cedar and tamarac swamps ; rare. Lake Memphremagog, Q.
(Burgess.) Montreal Island, Q. (Croldie.) Eecollet swamp, five
miles from Montreal. (McRae.) Near Heck's Mills, vicinity of
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Swamps in Hastings and Northumberland
Counties ; vicinity of Owen Sound, Ont. ; and Dawson Eoad, west of
Port Arthur, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Drum-
mond.)

(931.) L. Tartarica, Linn. Garden Fly Honeysuckle.

Escaped from gardens and growing from seed at Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Apparently naturalised at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Spontaneous near Fort Brie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Escaped from gardens
and growing from seeds at Ottawa and New Edinburgh. (Fletcher.)

250. DIERVILLA, Tourn. (BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.)
(932.) D. triflda, Moench.

D. Tournefortii, Michx. Fl. I., 107.

D. lutea, Pursh, Fl. L, 162.

D. humilis, Pers. Holmes Herb. McGill College.

D. Canadensis. Willd. Hook. Fl. L, 281.

Dry rocky fields along fences, in dry thickets and along the gravelly

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN

banks of rivers. Common from Anticosti, Nova Scotia, and New
Brunswick to the western part of Ontario, thence westward to Eed Deer
Eiver, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to the Eocky Moun-
tains. (Hooker.)

251. Triosteum, Linn. (HORSE-GENTIAN.)

(933.) T. perfoliatum, Linn. Fever-wort.

T. majus, Michx. Fl. L, 107.

Damp low grounds along brooks and in river valleys. Papineau
Woods, near Montreal. (Holmes.') Eich low woods Montreal and St.
Therese, Q. (Brunei.} Chelsea, Q., near Ottawa. (Billings?) Yicinity
of Ottawa and westward throughout Ontario to the Georgian Bay, not
uncommon.

XLIX. EUBIACE.E. MADDER

252. CEPHALANTHUS, Linn. (BUTTON-BUSH.)

(934.) C. occidental is, Linn. Button-bush.

Muddy borders of rivers and lakes, common. Lake St. Pierre, Q.
(Brunei.) Gregory's Meadows, near Montreal. (Holmes.) St. Andrews,
Brome Lake, Knowlton and Lake Commandant, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Common in Ontario, extending west to the Sault Ste. Marie.

253. HOUSTONIA, Linn. (HOUSTONIA.)

(935.) H. purpurea, Linn. Var. ciliolata, Gray.
Hedyotis ciliolata, Hook. Fl. I., 286.

On rocky places, especially limestone, along or near rivers and lakes,
apparently rare. Very abundant in rocky woods along the Bay of
Quinte at Belleville; shore of Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.~)
Niagara Eiver, at the Whirlpool and above. (Mdclagan & Day.)
Vicinity of Paris, Ont. (Logie.)

200 GEOLOGICAL SI/RVEY OF CANADA.

Var. longifolia, Gray.

Hedyotis longifolia, Hook. Fl. I., 286.

Houstonia angustifolia, Pursh Fl. I., 106.

H. tenuifolia, Nutt. Dawson Bound, Rep. 362.

Not uncommon on gravelly soil. Strathroy, Ont. Norway House,
Lake Winnipeg. (Me Gill Coll. Serb.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.')
Lake of the Woods and mouth of Eainy River ; along the Assiniboine
River, both above and below Brandon, Man. ; also western end of
Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (Macoun.) On Moose Mountain Creek, 15
miles south-west of Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun in C. P. E. Coll.)

(936.) H. caerulea, Linn. Bluets.

Oldenlandia cserulea, Gray Man. 2nd Ed.
Hedyotis cscrulea, Hook. Fl. I., 286, var. a.

Rocky or sandy fields and thickets usually along the coast. Very
abundant at Point Pleasant and the North West Arm, Halifax, N.S. ;
sandy fields Kingston, Annapolis Yalley, N.S. (Macoun.} Very
abundant in St. John Co. Have not noticed it farther north. In moist
grassj^ places. On the sea shore at Rothesay, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} St.
Hyacinthe, Richmond, and along the River St. Francis, Q. (Brunei.)
Nicolet, Q, (Maclagan.) About Quebec. (Hooker.)

Var. ft. minor, Torr. & Gray.

Hedyotis cferulca, L. var. p.

Houstonia IAnnxi/3. minor, Michx. Fl. I., 85.

Port William on Lake Superior. (Ridiardson.) Not noticed by
later explorers.

254. MITCHELLA, Linn. (PARTRIDGE-BERRY.)

(937.) M. re pens, Linn.

Under evergreens and other trees from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westward to the Georgian Bay. A beautiful little plant
whether in fruit or flower.

255. GALIUM, Linn. (CLEAVERS. BEDSTRAW.)

(938.) C. Aparine, Linn. Goose-grass.

In cultivated ground and on borders of woods, also along gravelly
beaches. Introduced in ballast at Carleton, N.B. (Foioler's Cat.) On

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 201

ballast heaps at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and at Pictou, N.S. (In-
troduced.) Very abundant along the beach above Becscie River,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) Saint Croix, near Quebec, in gardens. (Brunet.}
Mountain side, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.} London, Ont. (Burgess.') Gardens and fields
near Belleville ; also at Owen Sound, Ont. ; vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Roth. Alask.}

(939.) C. asprelum, Michx. Rough Bedstraw.

Climbing over bushes along streams in meadows or open woods,
Windsor, N.S. (How.} Truro, N.S., and Whycocomagh, Cape Breton ;
also along the Gasp£ coast. (Macoun.} Common in low woods, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.} Very common in Quebec, and extending westward
through Ontario to the Kaministiquia River west of Lake Superior.
(Macoun.)

(940.) G. Mollugo, Linn. Narrow-leaved Bedstraw.

Introduced in ballast at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) In culti-
vated fields, Truemansville, N.S. (Trueman.}

(941.) G. trifldum, Linn. Small Bedstraw.
G. Claytoni, Hook. Fl. I., 288.

Under several forms this species extends from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and north to Lat. 68°. The leading varieties are as follows : —

Var. pusillum, Gray.

In swamps and cold bogs. Bog at Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.)
Abundant in spagnous swamps. N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Dawson Road,
west of Port Arthur. (Burgess.}

Var. tinctorium, Torr. & Gray.

G. tinctorium, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 288.

In boggy and wet open woods amongst bushes. Newfoundland.
(Morrison.') Quite common in Nova Scotia, especially around Anna-
polis ; also common along the Gasp6 coast. (Macoun.} Frequent in
Quebec. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} In swampy woods, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.} Straits of De Fuca, north-west coast. (Scouler.)

Var. latifolium, Torr.

G. obtusum, Bigel, & G. strictum, Holmes Coll. McGill College.

Generally in wet marshy woods, easily known by its broad leaves
and widely branching stems. Portland, N.B. (Matthews.} St. Andrew's

202 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

and Montreal Mountain. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Marshes in the vicinity
of Belleville, and along the line of the Canada Southern Railway, west
of St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont, (Burgess.}

Var. bifolium, Macoun.

A tall-growing lax form with all the leaves opposite and tapering
at the base into a petiole ; margins and midrib very slightly retrorsely
hispid ; flowers, numerous, in corymbs, with the parts in fours. This
form approaches var. tinctorium, but is quite distinct, being constantly
two leaved and having larger and more widely spreading flowers.
Collected on Amherst Island, one of the Magdaleus, in the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, by Mr. James Richardson, August tth, 18*79.

(942.) C. triflorum, Michx. Three-flowered Galium.
G. brachiatum, Pursh, Fl. I., 103.

Abundant in cool woods, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and north
to Lat. 58° on the Peace River. The British Columbian specimens are
remarkable for having the sweet scent of the European Asperula
odorata, when drying.

(943.) C. Aparine, Linn. Yar. Vaillantii, Koch.

On ledges, in a deep canon, below the bridge on Elk River, west of
the Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. Alt. 3,000 feet. (Dawson.)

(944.) C. pilosum, Ait. Hairy Galium.

Sandy or dry open woods, south-western Ontario. Vicinity of
Queenston and on sand at the southern extremity of Point Pelee, Lake
Erie. (Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

(945.) C. circsezans, Michx. Wild Liquorice.

Dry open woods, rather rare. Island of Orleans, Q. (Thomas.) Rich
woods at Quebec and St. Charles, Q. (Brunei.} Montreal Mountain.
(Holmes.} Vicinity of Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll Herb.} Woods
near Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.} Mirwin's Wood's, near Prescott, Ont.
(Billings.) Kingston and St. Catharines. (Maclagan.) Rocky woods,
near Picton, and in Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont. ; also Queens-
ton Heights. (Mjicoun.} Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(946.) C. lanceolatum, Torr. Wild Liquorice.

G. circsezans, p. lanceolatum, Torr. & Gray FL II., 24.
Rocky woods, rather rare. Vicinity of Quebec. (Shepperd.) St

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 203

Andrews and Beloeil Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of
Ottawa. {Fletcher Fl. Ott.) At Mirwin's Woods, near Prescott, Ont.
(Billings.') Woods near Belleville ; woods Seymour, Northumberland
Co., and on the Eice Lake Plains, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.) At the Whirlpool, Niagara Eiver. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London. (Burgess.}

(947.) G. Kamtschaticum, Steller.

G. drcsezans, var. montanum, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 24.
•

Mountain woods on the upper slopes of Mount Albert, Shickshock

Mountains, Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.) In woods near the northern end of
Cape Breton Island. (McKay.)

(948.) C. boreale, Linn. Northern Bedstraw.

G. septentrionale, Richards, in Frankl. Journ. 4.

G. Bermudianum, Muhl. Holmes Herb. McGill College.

G. strictum, Torr. Holmes Herb. McGill College.

In gravelly or rocky thickets from Quebec westward. Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.) Common throughout Ontario and westward to
the Pacific Coast, extending northward to Lat. 68°. It is very re-
markable that this species, although northern and European, is not
found in the Eastern Provinces, except at Montreal. This plant varies
so much that none of the descriptions are constantly applicable, though
all forms are clearly referable to a single species. Eocky Mountain
specimens are scabrous above with very hairy fruit and the dried
leaves almost revolute and very obtuse.

(949.) C. rubioides, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 289.

I believe this to be an extreme form of Cr. boreale, but I prefer to
classify the broad leaved forms under G-. rubioides. The leaves of these
are ciliate on the margins and hairy on the veins beneath, thin and per-
fectly flat. Grassy thickets near Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Qualcho
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant on dry elevated soils under the
shade of solitary pines, in the Valley of the Columbia. (Douglas.)
Kotzetbue Sound. (Lay & Collie.)

(950.) G. verum, Linn. Yellow Bedstraw. \

On waste grounds. Scarcely naturalized. Township of Gloucester,
two miles from Ottawa. (R. B. Whyte.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.)

204

256. SHERARDIA, Linn. (BLUE FIELD-MADDER.)

(951.) S. arvensis, Linn.

Introduced in one or two places. Tatamagouche, Colchester Co.,
N.S. (McKay.) Eoadsides and waste places, Ottawa. Gathered two
years in succession. (Ami.) In Parkdale on the Gwynne Estate near
Toronto. (Fowler.)

L. VALERIANACE^E. VALERIAN FAMILY.

257. VALERIANA, Linn. (VALERIAN.)

(952.) V. dioica, Linn, var. sy I vatica, Watson. Marsh Yalerian.
V. sylvatica, Eich. Hook. Fl. L, 281.

Swamps, marshes and wet meadows by brooks. Newfoundland.
(Banks.) On Clear Water River, north of Me thy road. (Richardson.)
Prairies of the Rocky Mountains about Lat. 54°. (Drummond.) Bogs
along the shore of Lesser Slave Lake and on the road between it and
Peace River. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains, South Kootanie Pass.
(Dawson.) Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) Cariboo, B.C. Cowley.

Var. uliginosa, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 47.

In swamps and peaty bogs. Leaves ciliate particularly on the
petioles and stems, pubescent generally in one line. Not common
at Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Jupiter River, Anticosti; tamarac
swamps at Belleville, Ont.; swampy meadows and bogs, Peterboro'
and Victoria Go's., Ont. ; swampy meadow, Quesnel, B . C. ( Macoun.)

(953.) V. capitata, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 292.

Cool woods and by brooks, generally in the mountains. Eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass and Crow Nest Pass, east of summit,
Lat. 49° 30'. Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Arctic shores,
between the Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. (Richardson.) Kot-
zebue Sound to Cape Lisbume; Sitka; Point Barrow to Mackenzie
River. (Rothr. Alask.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 205

Yar. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 48.
V. pauriflora, Hook. FL, 291.

By brooks and in cool mountain woods. Woods in the Eocky
Mountains north of the Smoky River, about Lat. 56°. (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass; eastern side of Crow Nest Pass and on the
Flathead River, Rocky Mountains. (Daivson.) Vicinity of Yale,
B.C. (Macoun.) Vancouver' Island, near Nanaimo. (J. Richardson.)

(954.) V. edulis, Nutt.

V. dliata, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 49.

Patrinia longifolia, MacNab in Edinb. Phil. Journ., 19.

Patrinia ceratophylla, Hook. Fl. L, 290.

Rich low grounds along the Maitland River, near Goderich, Ont.,
1834. (MacNab.) Valley of the Bayfield River, Lake Huron. (Gib-
son.} Flats of the River Thames, near London, Ont. (Burgess.}
Valleys of the Rocky Mountains within British Columbia. [?] (Douglas.)

258. PLECTRITIS, DC.

(955.) P. congesta, DC.

Abundant on grassy open places around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

259. FEDIA, Mcench. (CORN-SALAD.)

(956.) F. olitoria, Vahl.

Sparingly introduced along Lake Erie. Near Port Colborne, Ont.
(David F. Day.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

LI. DIPSACE^E. TEASEL FAMILY.

260. DIPSACUS, Linn. (TEASEL.)

(95T.) D. sylvestris, Mill. Wild Teasel.

Introduced. Very abundant where found, but local. Along road-
sides, frequent in the counties of Prince Edward, Hastings and North-

206 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

umberland, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara Falls and vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Port Dover, Ont. (Millman.) North Pelham, Ont.
(McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Hamilton, Ont. (Fletcher.)

LII. COMPOSITE. COMPOSITE FAMILY.

261. VERNONIA, Schreb. (IRON-WEED.)

(958.) V. Noveboracensis, Willd.
V. prsealta, Hook. Fl. L, 304.

Fields and roadsides south-western Ontario. Canada. (Pursh.)
Close to the railway station at Essex Centre, Ont. (Macoun.) Maiden,
Ont. (Mac lagan.)

262. EUPATORIUM, Linn. (THOROUGH-WORT.)

(959.) E. purpureum, Linn. Joe-Pye Weed.

E. maculatum, Hook. Fl. L, 305.

E. punctatum, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 515.

E. amcenum, Pursh Fl. II., 514.

E. falcatum, Michx. Fl. II., 99.

Low meadows along streams and in river valleys. Extending from
Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to the Eocky
Mountains and northward to the Clear Water Eiver. Lat. 57°.
(Macoun.) Ladner's Landing, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(960.) E. perfoliatum, Linn. Boneset.

Low meadows and along small streams, quite common. Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick. Extending to the Lake of the Woods.
(Dawson.)

(961.) E. ageratoides, Linn. White Snake-root.
E. urticsefolium, Riech. Michx. Fl. II., 100.

Eich soil in damp woods, abundant in Ontario. In rich soil on the
banks of the Eestigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec
and Ontario, extending to Owen Sound. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 201

Excluded Species.

E. rotundifolium, Linn.

This species is credited to Canada by Pursh and Goldie in Hooker
Fl. I. 304. Gray says it extends from Rhode Island to Virginia along
the coast.

263. MIKANIA, Willd. (CLIMBING HEMP-WEED.)
(962.) M. scandens, Linn.

Eupatorium scandens, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 97.

Moist shady places along streams, western Ontario. Maiden.
Ont. (Maclagan.')

264. BRICKELLIA, Ell.

(963.) B. oblongifolia, Nutt.

On mountain slopes along the southern boundary of British Colum-
bia. (Lyall.}

(964.) B. grand iflora, Nutt.

Eupatorium (?) grandiflorum, Hook. Fl. II., 26".

Rocky banks of streams in the Rocky Mountains. South Kootanie
Pass. 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

265. LIATRIS, Schreb. (BUTTON SNAKE-ROOT.)

(965.) L. cylindracea, Michx. Blazing Star.

L- spicata, Willd. in Saunders' List of London Plants.
L. squarrosa, Willd. Hook. Fl. L, 306.

Dry, sandy or gravelly soil throughout western Ontario. On sandy
soil Rice Lake Plains, also abundant at Castleton, Ont. (Mdcoun.~)
Common at London in the cemetery, and at Cove, also at Amherst-
burgh, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.) Anderton, Ont. (Maclagan.')
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Port Francis, Sable River, Lake
Huron. (Ami.) East side of La Cloche Island, Georgian Bay, rocky
prairie land. (J. Bell.}

208 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(966.) L. scariosa, Willd. Blazing Star.
L. squarrulosa, Michx. Fl. II., 92.

Yeiy common on some parts of the western prairie region, especially
along the borders of ponds and marshes. This is a very beautiful
plant and one well worthy of cultivation. (Macoun.) Maiden and
Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) The preceding species is probably
meant here.

(967.) L. punctata, Hook.

Much more abundant than the preceding, and extending from the
Lake of the Woods (Macoun) to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) This species prefers dry gravelly soil in the east, but west-
ward it grows on any dry soil. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan
Plains and on the Eed Deer and Eagle Hills, on dry soils. (Douglas.)

266. GUTIERREZIA, Lagasca.

(968.) C. Euthamise, Ton-. & Gray Fl. II., 193.

Brachyris Euthamise, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 23.

Solidago Sarothrse, Pursh Fl. II., 540.

S. tenuifolia, Pursh. Daweon Bound. Rep. 366.

Very abundant on much of the dry open prairie, and especially so in
and around the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) High grounds of the
Saskatchewan and Eed Rivers. (Douglas.) From Turtle Mountain
westward along the 49th parallel. Represents Solidago lanceolata on the
dry open plains. Stems often many together from a woody caudex,
rarely attaining a height greater than eight inches. (Dawson.)

267. GRINDELIA, Willd.

(969.) C. squarrosa, Dunal.

Donia squarrosa, Pursh Fl. II., 559.

Very abundant on saline soil around ponds and in brackish marshy
places extending from the eastern border of the prairie region through
the Rocky Mountains to the Fraser River in British Columbia.
(Macoun.) "Woody country, Lat. 54-64. (Richardson.) Abundant on
the banks of the Saskatchewan, between Carlton and Edmonton.
(Drummond.) Plains of the Red River and valleys of the Rocky
Mountains, on the east side. (Douglas.) From the Souris to the Milk
River on the 49th parallel ; also on the Chilcoten River, B. C.
(Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 209

(970.) C. integrifolia, DC.

Donia glutinosa, Hook. Fl. II, 25.

Common along the seashore at the race course near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Nutka. (Scouler.)

(971.) C. stricta, DC.

In the Botany of California this and the preceding species are united,
but at present I prefer to keep them separate, as in our specimens they
appear to be distinct. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Along
the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

268. CHRYSOPSIS, Nutt.
(9t2.) C. villosa, Nutt.

Amellus villosus, Pursh Fl. II., 564.
Diplopappus mllosus, Hook. Fl. II., 22.

Dry gravelly soil throughout the prairie region and extending
north-westward to the Peace Eiver prairies, particularly abundant at
the north-west end of Lesser Slave Lake. (Macoun.) Common on the
Eed Deer and Eagle Hills of the North Saskatchewan and banks of the
Assiniboine Eiver ; also on the low hills west of the Eocky Mountains,
to the Pacific Ocean, on dry, rocky or sandy soil. (Douylas.) Eising
ground east of Eed Eiver prairie, Turtle Mountain, open prairie, and
westward on the 49th parallel ; also Milk Eiver Eidge, and on dry
slopes to Flathead Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)

Var. hispid a, Gray.

Diplopappus Mxpidus, Hook. Fl. II., 22.
Chrysopsis hispida, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 255.
C. hirsuta, Macoun's Cat., No. 940.

On dry gravelly soil rather rare. At Fort Carl ton, on the Saskat-
chewan. (Richardson.) Cypress Hills and near the Hand Hills, N.W.T. ;
a resinous glandular form covered, on stem and leaves, with long white
hairs was collected at "Limestone Point," near Cache Creek, B.C.
(Macoun & Fletcher.) Abundant on the Missouri Coteau, and at Wood
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

269. HAPLOPAPPUS, Cass.

(973.) H. spinulosus, DC.

Aplopappus spinulosus, DC. Macoun's Cat., No. 932.
Amellus spinulosus, Pursh Fl. II., 564.
Diplopappus pinnatifidus, Hook. Fl. II., 22.

Abundant on the dry prairie from Moose Mountain westward and

9

210 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

north-westward to Edmonton. (Macoun.) Turtle Mountain and west-
ward to the Rocky Mountains on dry prairie, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Rocky Mountains, near Jasper's Lake, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)

(974.) H. lanceolatUS, Torr. & Gray.

Ajylopappiis lanceotus, Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 931.
Donia lanceolata, Hook. Fl. II., 25.

On saline marshy prairie, not uncommon, from Manitoba westward
to the base of the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Saskatchewan River
between Carl ton and Edmonton. (Drummond.) First branch of Milk
River on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(975.) H. uniflorus, Torr. & Gray.

Aplopappus uniflorus, Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 933.
Donia urn flora, Hook. Fl. II., 25.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) We are unacquainted with this species.

(976.) H. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gray.

Aplopappus Nutlallii, Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 934.
On dry clay, or gravelly banks, not common. On gravel ridges west
of Moose Mountain ; at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, and the
Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, N. W. T. (Macoun.) Dry bank at
the Crossing of the White Mud River or Frenchman's Creek, 49th
parallel. (Daicson.) On the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.)

(977.) H. acaulis, Gray, Var. glabratus, Watson.

Aplopappus acaulis, Gray, var. Macoun's Cat, No. 935.
Aplopappus, Sp. I. Dawson Bound. Rep. 363.
Stenotus csespitosus, Nutt- Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 238.

On dry clay, or gravel clifts or ridges. Elbow of South Saskatchewan
and on the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, highest point of ridge.
(Macoun.) Short Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel, growing in dense
tufts. (Dawson.)

270. BICELOVIA, DC.

(978.) B. graveolens, Gray. Var. hololeuca, Gray.

Linosyris graveoltns, var. /?. Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 929.
L. Hmmrdii, Parry. Dawson Bound. Rep , 365.
Chrysocoma nauseosa, Pursh Fl. II., 517, in part.

On denuded and alkaline soil that is very arid. Banks of Cotton-
wood Creek, 18 miles south of Fort Walsh: also, on an arid tract south-
east of Island Lake, near Medicine Hat, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Second

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 211

Branch of Milk Eiver on the 49th parallel ; also, on the Chilcoten
Eiver, west of the Fraser Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)

(979.) B. Douglas! i, Gray.

Linosyris viscidiflora, Torr. & Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 930.
Crinitaria viscidiflora, Hook. Fl. II., 24.
Bigelovia viscidiflora, DC. Prodr. VII., 279.

Barrren or arid soil. In the upper valley of the Columbia within
British Columbia. (Douglas.) On arid soil near Cache Creek, B.C.
(MacMn & Fletcher.}

271. SOLIDACO, Linn. (GOLDEN-ROD.)

(980.) S. squarrosa, Muhl.

In woods and thickets and on rocky banks of rivers. Eestigouche,
N.B. (Chalmers.) Kouchibouguac, JS".B. (Fowler's Cat.') Andover,
Victoria, Co., N. B. ( Wetmore.) Common throughout Quebec and
Ontario, especially in the northern part of the latter province. Lake
Mistassini. (J. Richardson.)

(981.) S. ceesia, Linn.

In rich woods near Billings Bridge, Ottawa. (Miss I. Grant.) These
are the only specimens of the normal form I have seen.

Yar. ax i liar is, Gray.

S. axillaris, Pursh Fl. II., 542.
S. flexicavlis, Hook. Fl. II., 4.

Moist, rich woodlands, and slopes of ravines in open woods. Hali-
fax, N.S. (Sommers.) North Mountain woods near Annapolis, N.S.
(Macoun.) C6t6 St. Paul, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Beloeil Moun-
tain, Q. (Maclagan.) Eather common throughout Ontario and
extending westward to Owen Sound. (Macoun.)

(982.) S. latifolia, Linn.

S. flexicavlis, Linn, var. latifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 5.

Moist shaded banks in woods and borders of ravines. Common from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to
the Georgian Bay.

(983.) S. bicolor, Linn.

Dry thickets and river banks and old fields, rather common. Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Ontario, and westward to the Saskatchewan,
also Eed Deer Eiver, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.),

212 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. concolor, Torr. & Gray.

Elver banks and along the sea coast. Pictou, N. S. (McKay.}
Tatagouche River, Gloucester Co., N.B. (Chalmers.*) Banks of Jupi-
ter River, Anticosti ; Riviere Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspe" ; and rocky
woods along Partridge Lake, Addington Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Below
Quebec. (Maclagan.} The commoner form around Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Kingston, Ont. (Burgess.}

Var. lanata, Gray.

S. lanata, Hook. Fl. II., 4.
Plains of the Saskatchewan, near the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.}

(984.) S. macrophylla, Pursh.

S. thyrsoidea, E. Meyer. Gray, Man. Ed. V.,241. Macoun'e Cat, No. 927.
S. leiocarpa, DC. Prodr. V., 339.
S. Virgaurea, Pursh Fl. II., 542.

Mountain woods, and farther north along streams. Labrador.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Beside a densely shaded brook, Bass River, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Very abundant in
open spruce woods, Anticosti ; brook sides Pirate's Cove, Straits of
Canso, in a ravine at Whycocomagh, Cape Breton. Very common on
the Gasp£ peninsula and up the sides of the Shickshock Mountains ;
Michipicoten Island at the wooding station, Lake Superior. ( Macoun.)
Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.} A form with almost sessile
leaves and large, axillary spikes of flowers, collected at Tail Creek, on
the Red Deer River, Long. 1 13° west, is doubtfully referred to this
species. (Macoun.}

(985.) S. multiradiata, Ait.

S. Virgaurea, var. multiradiata, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 207.
On mountains or along the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54°-56°. (Drummond.)
Mackenzie River and Bear Lake. (Richardson.} Bay of Eschscholtz.
(Chamisso.) Fort Youcon, Alaska. (Dall.) Bartlett's Bay, Alaska.
(Meehan.) An imperfect specimen obtained by Dr. R. Bell at York
Factory, Hudson Bay, is referred here.

Var. scopulorum, Gray.

S. corymbosa, Nutt. Macoun's Cat., No. 905.

South Kootanie Pass, 7,000 feet alt., and on the north branch of the
Old Man River within the Rocky Mountains ; also on Dean or Sal-
mon River, near Salmon House, B.C. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 213

(986.) S. Virgaurea, Linn, var. alpina, Bigel.
S. Virgaurea, Hook. Fl. II., 5.

Summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe*. (Macoun.)
Torrey & Gray and Hooker give many localities for the above three
forms, but it is very likely that the more arctic and alpine are all refer-
able to S. multiradiata and its variety scopulorum. The Lake Superior
specimens referred to this form evidently belong to the next.

(987.) S. humilis, Pursh, not Desf.

On rocky shores of the ocean and lakes ; frequent northward. Fort
Albany, Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland. (Herb. Banks.) Ungava,
Hudson Strait, coast of Labrador. (McGill Coll. Herb.') South-
West Point, and mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti. Bake-apple Bog,
Sydney Mines, Cape Breton. North shore of Lake Superior above
Michipicotin. (Macoun.) In the country north-east of Lake Supe-
rior, and on Gros Cap on the shore of the lake. (R. Bell.} Wooded
country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)

Var. ft., Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 206.
S. stricta, Hook. Fl. II., 4, in part.

Abundant on the prairie, more especially northward and westward,
to the base of the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Fort Carlton on the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Wooded country between Lat. 54°-64°.
(Richardson.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel, N.W.T., Sand Creek, in
the Kootanie Valley ; and, on the Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser,
B.C. (Dawson.)

(988.) S. conferti flora, DC.

S. glutinosa, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (N. series) VII., 328.

Nootka and Mulgrave Sound. (De Candolle.) Along the Fraser and
Thompson rivers at Lytton and Spence's Bridge, B. C. (Fletcher.)
Ounalashka, Cape Mulgrave and Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.)

(989.) S. sempervirens, Linn.

Salt marshes along the coast of New Brunswick, rather common.
(Fowler's Cat.) Halifax, Pictou, and Truro, and doubtless common
around the coasts of Nova Scotia. Frequent along the Bay of Chaleur
and up the Gaspe" Coast to Petit Metis. (Macoun.)

(990.) S. puberula, Nutt.

Dry sandy soil, common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) St.
Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.)

214 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(991.) S. Odora, Ait. Sweet Golden-rod.
S. retrorsa, Michx. Fl. II. , 3.

Borders of thickets in dry or sandy soil. Near Grand Lake, N.S.
(Sommers.) Fields near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) I have never seen
a Canadian specimen of this species and am doubtful of its occurrence
within our limits. (Macoun.)

(992.) S. uliginosa, Nutt. Swamp Golden-rod.

S. stricla, Hook. Fl. II., 4, in part. Macoun's Cat., No. 909.
S. stricta, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 204, not Ait.

Sphagnum swamps and tamarack bogs. Newfoundland, Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and thence westward to and beyond the
Rocky Mountains in the wooded country.

(993.) S. speciosa, Nutt.

S- sempervirens, Michx. Fl. II., 119, not of Linn.

Borders of woods, near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) St. Stephen, N.B.
(Vroom.) To be looked for in the Maritime pi-ovinces. It is probable
that this species is often referred to the preceding one.

(994.) S. patula, Muhl.

S. azperata, Pursh Fl. II., 538.

Swamps, meadows, and moist woods. Canada. (Herb. Banks, Hooker
& Pursh.} Swamps in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(995.) S. rugosa, Mill.

S. altissima, Hook. Fl. II., 2. Macoun's Cat., No. 916.
S. altissima, var. /?. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 216.
S. villosa, Pursh Fl. II., 537. Hook. Fl. II., 2.

Common in meadows, thickets and open woods and on the borders
of fields and roads. Border of fields near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.)
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Com-
mon in Quebec and Ontario and extending to Thunder Bay, Lake
Superior.

(996.) S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 213.

In swamps and wet beaver-meadows. St. John Co., N.B. (Hay.)
Swamps in the northern part of Hastings and Northumberland
Counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Steep gravelly banks. Niagara Falls.
(Burgess.) Damp wooded banks of the Gatineau at Ironsides, Q.
(Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 215

(997.) S. Terree-Novee, Torr. & Gray PI. IT., 206.

In bogs, Newfoundland. (Pylaie.) Specimens obtained at Salt
Lake, Anticosti, in August, 1883, may belong here. (Macoun.) Gray
remarks that this species is still insufficiently known.

(998.) S. arguta, Ait.

S. Muhlenbergii, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 214. Macoun's Cat., No. 921.
Borders of thickets and in open pine or sandy woods. Hastings and
Northumberland counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logie.) St. Catharines and Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(999.) S. juncea, Ait.

S. arguta, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 214. Macoun's Cat., No. 917.
Common in meadows and fields and in partly cleared land. "Wood-
stock and St. Stephen, 1ST.B. ( Vroom.) Smithtown, King's Co., N.B.
(Brittctin.) Near St. John, N.B. (flay.) Common throughout Quebec
and Ontario, and westward to the Rocky Mountains. {Macoun.)
Wooded country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.') Our form is
principally the variety scabrella of Torr. & Gray.

(1000.) S. Missouriensis, Nun

Dry prairies, not uncommon. Turtle Mountain, Man. (Dawson.)

Dry prairies of the Assiniboine, Man. (Douglas.) Frequent on the

prairie west of Fort Ellice to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Var. montana, Gray.

This form is the common one on the Canadian prairies and extends
westward to the Rocky Mountain forests. (Macoun.) Milk River
near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) A broad-leaved form which may be
var. extraria, Gray, has been gathered near the Hand Hills. (Macoun.)

(1001.) S. serotina, Ait.

S. gigantea, Torr. & Gray F. II., 225. Macoun's Cat., No. 912.
Borders of woods and in fields eastward, in copse-wood and borders
of coulees on the western prairie. Grand Lake, N. S. (Sommers.)
Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) St. John County, 1ST. B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of Ottawa at Billings' Bridge and Hull. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Rocky bed of the Trent at Heely Falls, Northumberland Co., and in
the neighborhood of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara district and
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Near the Three Buttes, and Second Branch
of Milk River, 49th parallel, N.W.T. (Dawson.) South of Battleford,
and in ravines bordering on Bow River. (Macoun.) Plains of the Red
River. (Douglas.) Saskatchewan River. (Drummond.)

216 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Yar. gigantea, Gray.

S. serotina, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 224. Macoun's Cat., No. 911.

Borders of thickets and low grounds ; common throughout Canada'
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to the
Pacific ; also northward on the Peace Eiver to Lat. 59°. (Macoun.)

(1002.) S. lepida, DC.

Along the north-west coast to Alaska. (Gray.") Queen Charlotte
Islands. 1878. (Dawson.) Nootka. (Hcenke.)

(1003.) S. elongata, Nutt.

S. data, Hook. Fl. II. , 5.

S. Canadensis, Hook. Fl. II., 1. As to Arctic specimens.

Arctic America, from Slave Lake to Fort Franklin, on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.} Forms approaching S. Canadensis have been
collected by myself and Dr. Dawson along the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains and northward to Peace River. (Macoun.) Chilcoten
River, west of the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.) Straits of De Fuca.
(Scouler.) Abundant on Vancouver Island and up the Fraser and
Thompson rivers, B. C. (Fletcher.) Yictoria, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.)

(1004.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Common G-olden-rod.

Our commonest Golden-rod extending under one form or another
from the Atlantic to the Pacific. North to Fort Franklin on the Mac-
kenzie. (Richardson.)

Yar. procera, Torr. & Gray.

S. procera, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 2.

Apparently not rare in the Atlantic provinces. Jupiter River,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) New Brunswick. (Fowler.) Canada. (Pursh.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Wooded country between Lat. 54°-
64°. (Richardson.)

Yar. sea bra, Tori-. & Gray.

This form, or one taken for it, is common on the open prairie in the
North-west Territory. South-east of Hurricane Hills, and Souris
Plain. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.} Common south of Battleford
and around the Hand Hills, and west to Morley. (Macoun.)

(1005.) S. nemoralis, Ait.

Dry or sterile fields and sandy or gravelly thickets or prairies, com-
mon. From Anticosti westward to the Rocky Mountains. The prairie

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 217

specimens are generally shorter and mostly with entire leaves, being
var. ft. Torr. & Gray.

Yar. incana, Gray.

S. incana, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 221.

Dry, sterile soil from Wood Mountain westward, especially north
and west of the Cypress Hills, N". W. T. (Macoun.) Wood Mountain
and westward along the 49th parallel. (Burgess?)

(1006.) S. rigida, Linn.

On dry or sandy soil. Islands in the Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan)
Dry sandy soil, edge of a field, near Fairmount, London, Ont.
(Burgess?) Yery common in the western prairie region extending
northward to Peace River, and west to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)

(1007.) S. Ohioensis, Riddell.
Wet grassy places along the shore of Red Bay, Lake Huron.

(Macoun.)

(1008.) S. Houghtonii, Torr. & Gray.

Swampy shores of Lake Huron around Chicken and Red Bays, and
on the Fishing Islands. (Macoun.)

(1009.) S. occidentalis, Nutt.

S- lanceolata, Hook. Fl. II., 6, in part.
To be looked for along the southern boundary of British Columbia.

(1010.) S. lanceolata, Linn.

Yery abundant along the shores of lakes and rivers from the Atlantic
provinces and the islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Rocky
Mountains and north to Lat. 64°. Quite common on the prairies near
pools of water and in the beds of coule'es. (Macoun.) Western, prairie,
specimens have broad lanceolate five-nerved obtuse leaves, and seem to
run into S. occidentalis.

272. BELLIS, Linn. DAISY.

(1011.) B. perennis, Linn. Garden Daisy.

Introduced. On ballast heaps North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)
In lawns at Clifton, Ont. (David F. Day.} Apparently at home in
meadows and pastures around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Fletcher.)

218 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

273. TOWNSENDIA, Hook.
(1012.) T. florifer, Gray.

Erigeron (?) florifer, Hook. Fl. II., 20.
Stenotus florifer, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 238.

Dry rocky or gravelly soil along the Milk River and on the North
Branch of the North Fork of the Old Man River alt,, 5,000 feet,
N.W.T. (Dawson.)

(1013.) T. sericea, Hook. Fl. II., 16.

Aster (?) exscapus, Richards, in Frankl. Journ., 32.

Vicinity of Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.} Rare
upon the dry banks of the Saskatchewan, and among the Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

274. SERICOC ARPUS ,Nees. (WHITE-TOPPED ASTER.)

(1014.) S. solidagineus, Nees.

Aster solidagineus, Michx. Fl. II., 108.
A. solidaginoides, Pursh Fl. II., 543.

Moist woodlands, Canada. (Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 102.) Near Mon-
treal. (Cleghorn in Hooker. ,) We have no other record of this species
and consider its occurrence within our limits very doubtful. (Macoun.)

275. ASTER, Linn. (STAR-WORT. ASTER.)
(1015.) A. tanacetifolius, HBK.

Machseranthera tanacetifolia, Nees. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4624.

On arid soil along the Milk River, near the south-western boundary
of the prairie region, rare. (Dawson.)

(1016.) A. canescens, Pursh.

Machserantliera canescens, Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 1109.
Dieteria canescens, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 101.

On arid, argillaceous soils in the south-western part of the
prairie region. South of Wood Mountain, in dry clay-bottomed valleys,
on sub-saline soil. (Dawson.) On dry saline soil, where there is little
vegetation, around the Hand Hills, and along the Red Deer River to
the south of them. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 219

(1017.) A. corymbosus, Ait.

EuryHa corymbosa, Cass. Hook. Fl. II., 14-
Biotia corymbosa, DC. Prodr. VM 265.

Bather open woodlands on rich soil ; extending from the western part
of Quebec to the Kaministiquia Ki ver, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

(1018.) A. macrophyllus, Linn.

Eurybia macrophylla, Hook. Fl. II., 14.
Biotia macrophylla, DC. Prodr. V., 265.

More abundant than the last and with a much wider range and the
same habitat. "Windsor, N.S. (How.) Woods and borders of fields.
New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and
Ontario, and extending west to Norway House at the foot of Lake
Winnipeg. (.Richardson.)

(1019.) A. radula, Ait.

Low wet meadows or woods eastward along the coast. Labrador.
(Butler.) Moist copses and low grounds. Nova Scotia and Newfound-
land. (Alton.) In boggy ground at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and
in wet meadows at Louisburg, C. B. (Macoun.) Wet boggy places,
common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)

Yar. St rictus, Gray.

Aster strictus, Pursh Fl. II., 556, not of Poir.
A. biflonts, Michx. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 106.

Around lakes ; and rivers which flow into Hudson Bay. (Michaux.)
Labrador. (Pursh.) In the valley of Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Upper Stewiacke, N.S. (McGill Coll. Serb.)

(1020.) A. montanus, Eichards.

A. Ricliardsonii, Spreng. Hook. Fl. II., 7.

On gravel bars in river valleys and along the banks of such rivers.
Barren country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Eocky
Mountains. (Drummond.) Bow Eiver from below Calgary to the
Pass above Morley. Very abundant on Peace Eiver, both above and
below Dunvegan. (Macoun.) Alpine, Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

Var. arctic US, Torr. & Gray.

A. Sibiricus, Fischer in Herb, of Hooker.

Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka and Point Barrow. (JRothr Alask.)
Sources of the Youcon. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Fort Selkirk, Youcon
Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

220 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. giganteus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 107.
A. Richardsonii, /?. giganteus, Hook. Fl. II., 7.

About Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Along
the Mackenzie Eiver. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1021.) A. conspicuus, Lindl.

Woods and grassy thickets, especially on the Saskatchewan. From
Carlton on the Saskatchewan, Lat. 53°, to the Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Slope of the South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Abundant in ravines on the Cypress Hills and in woods
and thickets along the eastern base of the Eocky Mountains, extending
to the Peace Eiver. (Macoun.) Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)

(1022.) A. radulinus, Gray.

In thickets on the Chilcoten Eiver, west of the Fraser, B.C. (Daw-
son.) On the side of a hill by a spring, Fraser Eiver Crossing of Cana-
dian Pacific Eailway, B.C. (Fletcher.) These specimens may belong
to the preceding, as they are far from being satisfactory.

(1023.) A. spathulatus, Lindl.

Arctic America. Bear Lake and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
Eiver. (Richardson.)

(1024.) A. adscendens, Lindl.

Dry and grassy places on the western prairies. Banks of the
Saskatchewan towards the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Milk
Eiver near the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Common around the Cypress
Hills and on the prairie westward, also west of the Touchwood Hills,
by Carlton and Fort Pitt to Edmonton. (Macoun.)

(1025.) A. Douglasii, Lindl.

Common on the north-west coast and Straits of De Fuca. (Scouler.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria and on the
mainland at various points on the Fraser and Thompson rivers.
(Fletcher.) More than one species may be included in this as our west-
ern asters are very little known.

(1026). A. sericeus, Vent.

A. argenteus, Michx. Fl. II., 111.

Dry banks of rivers. On sandy soil at the mouth of Eainy Eiver,
and on islands in the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 221

(1027.) A. Menziesii, Lindl. Hook. PI. II., 12.

North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.) We know nothing of
this species.

(1028.) A. patens, Ait.

Dry soil and along fences. New Brunswick. (Matthew.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) This is a very doubtful species and needs
looking after.

(1029.) A. laevis, Linn.

A- amplexicaulis, Willd. Hook. Fl. II., 13.

A. rubricaulis, Lam. Hook. Fl. II., 13.

A. cyaneus, Hoffm. Hook. Fl. II., 13.

A. concinnus, Hooker Fl. II., 13.

A. strictus, Nees, var. anguslifolius, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 13.

In rather dry soil near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Very abundant
in the prairie region extending from its eastern border to far within
the Rocky Mountains and northward to Lat. 58° on the Peace River.
(Macoun.) From the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) Abundant along the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1030.) A. leevigatus, Lam.

A. laevis, Linn. var. Iscmgatus, Willd. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 116.
Dr. Gray says of this species in the proceedings of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. XVII., page 169. " Unequivocal
indigenous specimens are hardly known ; they are to be sought in
Lower Canada and Nova Scotia." A careful examination of the Gaspe"
peninsula and a large extent of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton by myself,
and the examinations of local collectors, show no plant approaching
this species except forms that seem to lie between A. tard'florus, L., and
A. longifolius, Lam. Specimens of an aster which has the appearance
of this species have been found at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Woods near Barrie, Ont.
(Spotten.) This is the long-leaved form with almost linear leaves.

Var. - - (?)

This is a form with hairy peduncles, especially at the base of the
flower, ciliate scales and generally hairy in the axils of the leaves,
which are also ciliate. In the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains, 49th
parallel ; also, in the lower part of the South Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

(1031.) A. azureus, Lindl.

Dry sandy soil rather scarce. Wesleyan Methodist burying ground,
Belleville ; also, Rice Lake Plains, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of

222 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Not uncommon,
London, Ont. (Saunders.)

(1032.) A. undulatus, Linn.

A. diversifolius, Michx. Fl. II., 113-

Dry woodlands and thickets, not common. Petitcodiac, N. B.
(Brittain.) Rice Lake Plains, common. (Mdcoun.~) Vicinity of

Hamilton. (Logic.) Sandwich, Out. (Maclagan.)
/

(1033.) A. cordifolius, Linn.

Woodlands and thickets, and in fence corners. Pictou, N.S. (McKay.')
In woods near Annapolis, N. S. (Macoun.) Very common in wood-
lands, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Common throughout Quebec and Ontario,
and extending westward to the Georgian Bay.

(1034.) A. Lindleyanus, Ton-. & Gray.

A. paniculatus, Ait. var. 6. Hook. Fl. II., 8.

Cool wet woods throughout the northern forest region. Lake Mis-
tassini, northern Quebec. (-7. Richardson.} Common on Anticosti
around Jupiter "River, scarce along the Gasp£ coast but frequent along
the travelled road in rear of Point Fame lighthouse. Doubtless com-
mon in northern Quebec and westward to the Saskatchewan, where it
becomes abundant and is found chiefly in damp woods to the base of
the Rocky -Mountains and northward to Little Slave Lake and
beyond. (Macoun.) On the Red and Assiniboine rivers, Man. (Douglas.)
Slave Lake. (Richardson.) Dunvegan, Peace River, N.W.T. ; and
on the Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawsori)

Var. y. Torr. & Gray.

A. pr&cox, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 9. Macoun's Cat, No. 847.
A. ciliolatw, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 9.

This is the form with thin membranaceous leaves. It seems to grow
principally in shady grassy places, and is possibly more northern in its
range. Red Deer River, near the Hand Hills, and along the Saskat-
chewan from Carl ton to Edmonton; also on the Porcupine Mountain,
Man. (Macoun.) Slave Lake and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.)

(1035.) A. sagittifolius, Willd.

Sandy or dry woods and thickets and along fences, rather local.
Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) Common in the neighborhood of Belleville
and westward through Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara
and Maiden. (Maclagen.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS 223

(1036.) A. ericoides, Ait.

A. sparsiflorus, Michx. Fl. II.. 113.

Barren soil and along lake shores or river margins. Toronto Island
and along the sandy shore of Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Barren soil,
Canada. (Pursh.)

Yar. villQSUS, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 124.
Aster villosus, Michx. Fl. II., 113.

Vicinity of Port Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.) A very distinct variety
with hairy stem and leaves.

(1037.) A. multiflorus, Ait.

A. ericoides, Lam. Michx. Fl. II., 113.

Dry or barren fields, rare in Ontario. Wesleyan Methodist burying-
grouud, Belleville ; and on the Rice Lake Plains, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Canada. (Pursh.)

Var. Stricticaulis, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 125.
A. ericoides, Hook. Fl. II., 12.

This is the common form of A. multiflorus as found throughout the
prairie region. It is very abundant and in many places forms one-
half of the prairie vegetation. (Macoun.) Red River. (Douglas.)
Saskatchewan and towards the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Turtle Mountain, and abundant from the Red River to the Rocky
Mountains on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

Var. commutatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 125.
A. ramulosus, var. incano-pUosus, Hook. Fl. II., 13.

Heads larger, fewer, and generally single on the short branches.
Hand Hills on dry exposed soil, N. W. T. (Macoun.) On the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.)

(1038.) A. falcatus, Lindl.

A. ramulosus, Lindl. Var. a. Hook. Fl. II., 13.

This species seems to be only a variety of the preceding, but differs
in having three-nerved leaves, with appressed pubesence and with
looser and more acute involucral scales. Plains west of the Touchwood
Hills and along the North Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Middle Fork of
North Branch of Old Man River, 'within the Rocky Mountains.

224 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Dawson.) Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson?) Within the Kocky Mountains, Lat. 54°. (Drummond,*)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie River along the northern coast. (Rothr.
Alask.~) At Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Chilcoten River, west
of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1039.) A. campestris, Nutt.

The specimen referred here is only viscid-pubescent on the upper
part of the stem and especially on the involucral scales and pedicels.
Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.*)

(1040.) A. dumosus, Linn.

A very obscure species in Canada. Should be looked for in the south-
western part of Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic,?) South-
western Ontario. (Maclagan?)

(1041.) A. paniculatus, Lam.

A- simplex, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 131. Macoun's Cat., No. 852.

A. tenuifolius, Torr. & Gray>Fl. II., 132, in part. Macoun's Cat, No. 870.

A. parviflorus, Hook. Fl. II., 11.

A. Lamarckianus, Hook. Fl. II., 11. Macoun's Cat., No. 853.

This species, as I understand it, includes all the forms which we in
Canada have been naming A. simplex and A. tenuifolius, but besides the
eastern forms, Dr. Gray has referred large-flowered western specimens
to the same multiform species, and in the absence of his revision of
this most difficult genus I make no attempt to separate the various
forms. Borders of brooks and along rivers and in low meadows from
Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, and possibly west to the Coast
Range in British Columbia. We have possibly two species here.

(1042.) A. diffusus, Hook. Fl. II., 19.

A. miser, Torr. & Gray FL II., 129. Macoun's Cat., No. 843.
A. pendulus, Hook. Fl. II., 12.
A. divergens, Hook. Fl. II., 11.

This is another multiform species, and although numerous varieties
might be enumerated, we consider it better to leave them together
until sufficient material has been collected to enable some one to speak
definitely regarding the various forms. Old fields and borders of woods,
along ditches and in low damp woods, extending from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick to the western part of Ontario.

(1043.) A. salicifolius, Ait.

A. carneus, Nees. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 133. Macoun's Cat., No. 873.
A. laxifolius, Hook. Fl. II., 10, in part.

This is another species which' may include two distinct forms or

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 225

varieties. It has been reported from Nova Scotia (though doubtfully),
and from western Ontario by Maclagan, but we have never seen
an eastern specimen. Our western specimens approach A. panicu-
latus but differ in having the involucral bracts ciliate, the heads larger
and the leaves wider.

(1044.) A. junccus, Ait.

A. laxus, var. borealis, Macoun's Cat., No. 850.

A. borealis, Provancher, Fl. Canad. I., 308.

A. laxifolius, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 10. Macoun's Cat., No. 840.

A. laxifolius, var. borealis, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 138.

A. bellidiflorus, Hook. Fl. II., 11.

This species, as I understand it, grows in our cold bogs and wet mea-
dows and is generally in flower in the latter part of July. It extends
from the eastern provinces to the Rocky Mountains, and is not unfrequent
on wet boggy places in the prairie region. (Macoun.*) Wooded country
from Lat. 54°-64° ; also, Slave Lake. (Richardson.} From Hudson
Bay to the Rocky Mountains in swampy places. (Drummond.) Chil-
coten River, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1045.) A. aestivus, Ait,

Dr. Gray says this species is indigenous in British America, but I
have no means of separating it from the preceding which very likely
includes forms of it. This is named " Labrador star-wort," and is said
to flower by the middle of June. Yery likely both this and the pre-
ceding are the same.

(1046.) A. Novi-Belgii, Linn.

A. longifolius, Lam. in part for eastern specimens.

We have no specimens of this species from the eastern provinces
and are not certain of its occurrence there, but as Dr. Gray states
it has been confounded with A. longifolius it will, in all probability, be
found within their limits. The western form, which may be the
A. asper, Lindl., referred to on page 10, Hook. Fl. Vol. II., was obtained
at Morley in the valley of Bow River. (Macoun.)

(1047.) A. tardiflorus, Linn.

A. Cornuti, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 9.

A. patulus, Lam. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 148.

Native of Lower Canada, (Dr. Gray.) Frequent along the Gaspe"
coast, but hitherto referred to A. longifolius. Rather common on Anti-
costi, especially at the mouth of Jupiter River. (Macoun.^) Possibly
mistaken in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for A. longifolius.

226 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1048.) A. longifolius, Lam.
A. salici/olius, Rich, in part.

This species is another of those that need careful examination and
comparison with authentic specimens It is reported from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick, but these notices are more likely referable to the
foregoing species. Mouth of Jupiter and other rivers, Anticosti, and
in a few localities along the Gaspe" coast. (Macoun.} Very likely it
is the A. salidfolius of Richardson from Hudson Bay.

(1049.) A. puniceus, Linn.

This species in the typical form in low meadows and along streams,
in great profusion and luxuriance, extends from the Atlantic Coast to
the Rocky Mountains.

Var. flrmus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 141.

A. vimineus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 10.

A. puniceus, var. mmineus. Macoun's Cat., No. 855.

Low wcit shady Avoods eastward, but common .in river bottoms in the
prairie region. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.} Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.}
At Green Lake, Lat. 56° ; Red Deer, South Saskatchewan and Bow
River valleys, N.W.T. (Macoun.}

(1050.) A. Novee-Anglice, Linn.

Rocky banks, thickets, fence corners, old fields and by roadsides.
St. Helen's Island, Montreal. (McGill Colt. Herb.} Common in Ontario,
westward to the Georgian Bay.

(1051.) A. amplus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 10.
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.} We know nothing of this species.

(1052.) A. mutatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 142.

A. Unalaschkensis, /?. (?) major, Hook. Fl. II., 7.
Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.}

(1053.) A. peregrinus, Pursh.

North-west coast ; and Ounalashka. (Pursh.} Norfolk Sound.
(Eothr. Alask.}

(1054.) A. foliaceus, Lindl.

Ounalashka. (Fischer.} Specimens which we refer here were
collected last August at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.} Little
Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Dawson.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 22*7

(1055.) A. Sayii, Gray.

A. modestus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 8. Macoun's Cat., No. 851.
Woods at the mouth of Smoky Kiver, Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Along
the North Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and Edmonton. (Macoun.)

(1056.) A. - - ?

This is No. 518 of Suksdorf. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)

(1057.) A. elegans, Torr. & Gray (?).

Most likely a form of the next. Ladner's Landing, B.C., and near
Victoria. (Fletcher.)

(1058.) A. Engelmanni, Gray.

Cascade mountains, Lat. 49° (Lyall.) On the upper slopes of the
South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

(1059.) A. alpinus, Linn.

On the more elevated of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 54° (Drummond.')
Bow Kiver Pass. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Ouna-
lashka, 2,000 feet above the sea. (Rothr. Alask.) Between the Copper-
mine Kiver and Cape Turn-again, Arctic Coast. (Dease.)

(1060.) A. pygmaeus, Lindl.
Arctic Sea-coast. (Richardson.)

(1061.) A. acuminatus, Michx.

In deep, rich, cool or rocky, woods, common eastward. Anticosti.
(Verrill.) Windsor, KS. (How.) Halifax, KS. (Sommers.) In cool
rich woods, common, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common throughout
Quebec, and westward in eastern Ontario. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Ottawa, local, but abundant where it occurs. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods
and thickets west of the Junction, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.)

(1062.) A. nemoralis, Ait.

A. uniflorus, Michx. Fl. II., 110.
A. ledifolius, Pursh. Fl. II., 544.
Galetella nemoralis, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 15.

In sphagnous bogs and about mountain lakes. Newfoundland, at
Harbor Grace. (McGill Coll. Herb.) North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Halifax, KS. (Sommers.) Near St. John, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Common at Riviere du Loup, Q.

228 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(Thomas.) In profusion on gneiss rocks on the shores of Trembling
Lake, Q. (D' Urban.) Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.) Thickets
on a sandy beach, Lake Joseph and other localities, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.)

(1063.) A. ptarmicoides, TOIT. & Gray.

Diplopappus albus, Hook. Fl. II., 21.
Heleastrum album, DC. Prodr. V., 264.

Dry soil or rocky banks, scarce eastward. Dry fields near Belleville ;
also, west bank of the Trent above Trenton, Ont. Shore of Bed Bay,
Lake Huron. North-east shore of Lake Superior, both above and
below Michipicotin, and on exposed points, Lake Nipigon. Along the
Assiniboine, near Brandon and on the Red Deer River, at the head of
Lake Winnipegoosis. (Macoun.) Wood End, Souris River, Lat. 49°.
(Burgess.) Hurricane Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll)
On the banks of the Saskatchewan, but rare. (Richardson.) Along
the Red River, Man. (Douglas.) Stoney Mountain, Man. (Fletcher.)

(1064.) A. lutescens, Torr. & Gray.

Diplopappus albus, var. lutescens, Hook. Fl. II., 21.
D. lutescens, DC. Prodr. V., 278.

On dry elevated ground of the Assiniboine River, Man. (Douglas.)
West of the Touchwood Hills, 1872, not detected since. (Macoun.)
This form differs from the preceding in its simple corymb, rough hairy
stem, leaves lanceolate and scabrous hairy.

(1065.) A. angustus, Torr. & Gray.
Tripolium angustun, Hook. Fi. II., 15.

Saskatchewan and towards the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Slave Lake. (Richardson.) Salt marsh borders at Old Wives Lakes,
and westward to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to Lake Atha-
basca. (Macoun.)

(1066.) A. pauciflorus, Nutt.

Tripolium subulatum, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 15.

Margin of saline lakes and in salt marshes. Marshes of the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.) Very abundant in salt marshes along Lake
Winnipcgoosis, and up the Red Deer River, Lat. 53° ; also, in all salt
marshes in the prairie region, and north of the North Saskatchewan,
above Fort Pitt. (Macoun.) Wood Mountain, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 229

(1067.) A. linifolius, Linn.

A specimen of an aster gathered in a marsh with numerous brackish
marsh species is placed under this name until better specimens are
procured. Shore of Lake Huron, Bruce peninsula, Out. 1871.
(Jfacown.)

(1068.) A. linariifolius, Linn.

Diplopappuislinariifolius, Hook. Fl. II., 21. Macoun's Cat., No. 896.
Aster rigidus, Linn. Pursh. Fl. II., 544.

Newfoundland. (Cormack.'} Nepisiquit Eiver, 1ST.B. Kather rare.
{Fowler's Cat.} Three Eivers, Q. (Maclagan.)

(1069.) A. umbellatus, Mill.

Diplopappus umbellatus, Hook. FL II., 22. Macoun's Cat., No. 895.
D. amygdalinus, Hook. FL II., 23.

Common in damp thickets or wet meadows along streams, from New-
foundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to
the Saskatchewan.

Var. pubens, Gray.

This form is common in the valleys of the Magpie and Kaministi-
quia rivers, Lake Superior and westward to the Saskatchewan.
(Jfacown.)

Note.

Collectors are earnestly requested to obtain all forms of asters at the
proper season and, in all cases, to take the root-leaves, so that in the
course of a few years we may be enabled to revise what we have just
written, and be able to place before students a complete monograph of
Canadian asters. We are well aware of the imperfections of the above
enumerations, but with the material at hand it is the best we can do.
Dr. Gray is now revising the genus and a large part of the changes
made in the synonymy are due to his advice and writings. The willow-
leaved asters are in great confusion and it is more than probable that
they will all be reduced to a few polymorphous species including many
of our present species as varieties.

276. ERICERON, Linn.

(10*70.) E. hyssopifolius, Michx. Fl. II., 123.

Aster graminifolius, Pursh. ^Torr. & Gray FL II., 156. Macoun's Cat.,

No. 842.
Galatella graminifolia, Hook. Fl. II. , 15.

Damp, rocky, river banks and moist crevices of cliffs. Mouth of

230 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

the Aroostook, Tattagouche Falls. Rare, N. B. (Foivler's Cat.}
Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Wetmore.} Very common in all the river
valleys of Antico.sti, and frequent in the river valleys of the Gasp^
peninsula ; abundant at Otter Head and Current River, Lake Superior.
(Macoun} Hudson Bay near York factory, and at the mouth of the
Churchill River. (E. Bell.}

(1071.) E. fllifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 177.

Diplopappus filifolius, Hook. Fl. II., 21.
Chrysopsis canescens, DC. Prodr. V., 328.

On the slope of Jackass Mountain and at Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) Nicola Valley, B.C . (Dawson.) Common at many points
on the Thompson River, between Lytton and Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Fletcher & Hill.}

(1072.) E. radicatus, Hook. Fl. II., 17.

On the top of dry gravel ridges west of Moose Mountain Creek ;
also, on gravel ridges at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T.,
and on ridges within the hills, (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains near
Jasper's Lake, Lat. 54°. (Drummond.)

(1073.) E. peucephyllus, Gray.

Chrysopxis hirtella, DC. Prodr. V., 327 (?)

Cypress Hills, N.W.T., 1880. Spence's Bridge, B.C., 1875. (Macoun.)
The rays of this species are different from other Erigerons by being
almost yellow when fresh and quite so when dry.

(1074.) E. compositus, Pursh.

On dry or wet rocky slopes or ridges generally alpine. Moose
Mountain Creek, on sand hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. E. Coll.}
Red Deer Lakes, west of the South Saskatchewan ; Bow River Pass,
Rocky Mountains, and on ridges in the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.}
Rocky Mountains in numerous places from the 4^>th parallel to the Bow
River Pass. (Dawson.) On the highest of the Rocky Mountains in Lat.
54°. (Drummond} Barren country between 64° and the Arctic Sea.
(Richardson.) On the top of Stuart Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun}
Iltasyonco River, B.C. (Dawson.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. FL}

Var. discoideus, Gray.

Near Lytton on the Fraser and close to Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.}
Black Canon of the Thompson River, B.C. (Hill.} Lytton and
Nicoamin on the Thompson, B.C. (Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 231

Var. trifldus, Gray.

E. trifidus, Hook. F1..IL, 17.

Barren places among the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°* (Drum-
mond.)

Var. glabratus, Macoun.

On the Rocky Mountains of the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel.
Perfectly smooth. A specimen approaching this but slightly hairy
was gathered at lltasyonco Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1075.) E. corymbosus, Nutt.

Collected by Lyall near the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(Gray.)

(1076.) E. Cfespitosus, Nutt, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 179.

E. canescens, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 179.
Diplopappus grandiflorus, Hook. Fl. II., 21.
Diplopappus canescens, Hook. Fl. II., 21.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Frequent on dry gravelly knolls from Fort Ellice to the
Rocky Mountains. (Mdcoun.) Souris River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1077.) E. pumilus, Nutt.

E. hirsutus, Pursh Fl. II., 742.

On dry open plains, apparently rare. Souris Plain, five miles, south
of Moose Mountain, on hills of pure sand, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun
C. P. R. Coll.) Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel; also, between
Fort McLeod and the Rocky Mountains on Old Man River. (Dawson.)
On the dry plain near the Hand Hills. (Macoun.')

(1078.) E. concinnus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 174.

E. strigosus, var. hispidissimus, Hook. F). II., 18, chiefly.

Kit-a-mum River, Kootanie Valley, and on dry gravelly banks
Nicola Valley, B.C. (Damson.)

(1079.) E. uniflorus, Linn.

E. alpinus, Pursh. Fl. II., 532.

Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Top of the Rocky Mountains, South Koo-
tanie Pass. (Damson.) Alpine Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.)
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drumnwnd.) Arctic
shores and islands from Behring's Straits and Ounalashka to Greenland.
(Torr. & Gray.) On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis' Straits.

232 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

{Kane.) Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again. (Dease.)
Sinclair's Falls, Back's Great Fish River. {Dr. Rae.)

(1080.) E: grand iflor us, Hook. Fl. II., 18.

Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.) Eas-
tern summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

(1081.) E. lanatus, Hook.
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.)

(1082.) E. speciosus, DC.

E. glabellus, var. mucronatus, Hook. Fl. II., 19.

Fraser River Crossing of the C. P. R., B.C. (Fletcher.) On the
Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1083.) E. macranthus, Nutt.

Along Belly River and westward to the Rocky Mountains ; Kootanie
'Valley, near Wild Horse Creek ; Chilcoten River, west of the Fraser,
B.C. (Dawson.)

(1084.) E. glabellus, Nutt.

Quite common on the prairie from Winnipeg to the Rocky Moun-
tains. What we take as the typical form is mostly glabrous below
with ciliate leaves which are almost smooth. (Macoun.) From. the
Saskatchewan to Lat. 64°, throughout the wooded country. (Richard-
son.) Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R.
Coll.) Abundant across the whole prairie region to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and assuming many varietal forms; a large form at Garrett's
Ranche, Old Man River. (Dawson.) Wainwright Inlet to the Mac-
kenzie River. (Rotlir. Alask.)

Var. asperus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 173.

E. asperuan, DC. Prodr. V. 286.
E. pulchettus, A. Hook. Fl. II., 19.

Stem and leaves rough with a strigose-hirsute pubescence. Common
on the prairie and in thickets, from Loni*. 100° to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and northward to Peace Biver, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Woody
countiy, from the Saskatchewan to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Fort
Youcon, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. pubescens, Hook. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 174.

Souris Plain, one mile south of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M.
Macoun C. P. R. Coll.) Occasionally met with on the prairie west of

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 233

Fort Ellice. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Lake, North Fork of Old Man
Eiver, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Prairies of the Eocky Mountains,
Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.)

Var. moll is, Gray.

Along Belly Eiver in the Foot Hills of the Eocky Mountains ; also,
at Michell Creek, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) This form might
be attached to the preceding species, but it has a hairy involucre, and
its stem is leafy up to the flower or flowers and the leaves are sessile,
broad at the base, and tapering to the point, ciliate on the margins and
the midrib covered below with long hairs.

(1085.) E. salsuginosus, Gray.

Aster salsuginosus, Rich. Hook. Fl. II., 6. Macoun's Cat, No. 841.
A. Unatouchemis, Nees. Hook. Fl. II. 7.

Salt plains of the Athabasca (?) {Richardson.') Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Alpine Eocky Mountains. (Bourgeon.} Eocky Moun-
tains, 6,000 feet altitude on the 49th parallel ; Michell Creek, Crow
Nest Pass ; western summit of the North Ivootanie Pass ; summit of
the North Kootanie Pass ; summit of the South Ivootanie Pass ; Skagit
Eiver, Il-ga-chug Mountains, Tsi-tse Lake, Upper Blackwater Eiver,
B.C (Dawson.)

Var. Unalaschkensis, Less.

Queen Charlotte Islands, 18*78. (Dawson.) Two forms were gathered.
One with narrow leaves and a very leafy hairy stem, the hairs not at
all appressed ; the other with a' less hairy stem fewer and larger
leaves, which are slightly denticulate and more pointed. In both, the
involucral bracts are quite hairy, and in the latter very much attenuated
and variously curved at the tips. These forms are doubtless distinct,
but. we need more specimens to determine.

(1086.) E. bellidifolius, Muhl.

E. pulclidlm, Miclix. Fl. II., 124.

Dry, sandy fields and pine woods. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Common at Eiviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.)
(Very doubtful.) Dry, sandy woods common at Belleville and west-
ward in the Lake Ontario counties. (Macoun.) Prince's Island, near
Hamilton, Ont. (LogieJ) Niagara Falls and westward. (Maclagan.)
Not uncommon at London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(1087.) E. PhMadelphicus, L. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 171.

E. purpureus, Hook. Fl. II., 19.
Low grassy places along streams and in the valleys of all the large

234 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

rivers, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic
circle.

(1088.) E. Bellidiastrum, Nutt. (?)

Stream banks and meadows. Kit-a-mum Eiver, Kootanie Valley,
Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1089.) E. annuus, Pers. Torr. & Gray PI. II., 175.
E. heterophyllum, Muhl. Pursh. Fl. II. , 534.

Fields and waste places apparently common at least in Ontario.
Windsor, N.S. (How.) Truro, Pictouand Gut of Canso, N.S. (Macoun.)
Rather common about Hampton and Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.)
Common at Riviere-du-Loup. (Thomas.} Common in western Quebec.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Very common throughout Ontario.

(1090.) E. StrigOSUS, Muhl. Torr. & Gray PL II., 1*76.
E. nervosum, Pursh. Fl. II., 534.

Dry fields and open woods quite common, from Nova Scotia to the
western part of Lake Superior, in the valley of the Kaministiquia
River. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods and Turtle Monntain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun 0. P. E. Coll.)

(1091.) E. alpinus, Linn.

Rocky Mountains at elevated situations, Lat. 54-56°. (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass ; eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass ; west-
ern summit of North Kootanie Pass — alow branching form. (Dawson.)
Wolf's Rapids, Back's Great Fish River. (Dr. Roe.) Greenland.,
(Hook. Arct. Fl.)

Var. y. elata, Hook. Fl. II., 18.

Rocky Mountains in elevated situations, Lat. 54-56° (Drummond.)
Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) Ilgacho Brook, B.C. (Dawson.) At
Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°, 55°, Long. 118-48. (Dease.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)

(1092.) E. acris, Linn.

Labrador. (Torr. & Gray.) Grand Falls, St. John River, N. B.
(Hay.) On shingle at the mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti ; along
the Gaspe coast at and above Cape Rosier ; north shore of Lake Supe-
rior ; Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Hurricane Hills, south of
Indian Head, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. E. Coll.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 235

Yar. Drcebachensis, Blytt.

E. glabratus, Hook. Fl. II., 18, partly.
E. Kamtschaticus, DC. Prodr. V., 290.

Anticosti and Labrador to the Eocky Mountains. (Gray.) Along
the Gasp6 coast above Mont Louis ; Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior,
and on hillsides along the Magpie Eiver, north of the lake ; abundant
on islands in Lake Nipigon, and at Humboldt Bay on same lake.
(Macoun.) Hudson Bay to the Eocky Mountain?, and from the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.)
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (E. Bell.') Bartlett Bay, Alaska, (Meehan.)

(1093.) E. armerisefolius, Turz.

E. lonchophyllus, Hook. Fl. II., 18. Macoun's Cat., No. 890.
E. glabratus, var. minor, Hook. Fl. II., 18, partly.

Eocky Mountains and Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) North of the
Saskatchewan near Edmonton. (Macoun.)

(1094.) E. Canadense, Linn. Fire-weed.

Fields and waste places from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Spreading
where not indigenous by means of the railways. This is the " Fire-
weed " of the Ontario farmers, which is injurious to badly winter
killed " fall wheat."

277. ANTENNARIA, Ceertn. EVERLASTING.

(1095.) A. dimorpha, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 431.

On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C. (Macoun.) Common at Spence's
Bridge', on the Thompson Eiver, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1096.) A. racemosa, Hook. Fl. I., 330.

Eocky, mountain slopes. Alpine woods of the Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.') Bow Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Eastern and western
summits of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) Summit of Stuart
Lake Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) Elgatcho Lake and Dean or Salmon
Eiver, near Salmon House, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1097.) A. plantaginifolia, Hook.

Gnaphalium plantagineum, Willd. Pursh. Fl. II. , 525.

Wet and sterile knolls and fields and open woods, from Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and westward to the Pacific. Eastward
two forms of this species are found — one in old pastures which is prob-

236 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

ably introduced ; the other a taller form that is certainly indigenous.
Slave Lake. {Back.}

(1098.) A. clioica, Csertn.

From Newfoundland to Labrador and the extreme Arctic regions,
and dry mountain pastures of the Rocky Mountains. {Hooker.}
Islands adjacent to the Alaskan coast. (Rothr. Alask.} Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.} On the western prairie region and in British Colum-
bia a form which, in some respects, approaches A. alpina is very com-
mon. It seems to be the A. dioica of Eaton in King's Report of the
40th parallel, but is not the A. dioica of the English botanists. It is prob-
ably the prairie form of A. alpina, which indeed a late communication
from Dr. Gray would indicate. Our plant may be the var. parvifolia,
Ton*. & Gray, which is not referred to by late writers.

Var. rosea, Eaton. Bot. King Exp., 186.

Rather rare east of the Rocky Mountains, but common in British
Columbia. Near Short Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel. Michell
Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains ; Dean or Salmon River,
B.C. (Dawson.} Frequent from Lytton to near Stuart Lake, B.C.
(Macoun.}

(1099.) A. alpina, Gaertn.

Labrador. (Kohlmeister.} York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Douglas.}
Throughout the barren regions to the elevated Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.} North of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T., and on the Rocky
Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Bow River Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains ; Cache Creek and Stuart Lake mountains, B. C. (Macoun.}
Kotzebue Sound, island of St. Lawrence, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.}
On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis Straits. Mellville islands.
(Copt. Mark-ham.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.} Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.} Lake Lindeman, source of the Toucan River,
Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.}

(1100.) A. Carpathica, R. Br.

Wet, boggy places and river margins. Labrador. (Gray.} River
de Brig and Gunn River, Anticosti. (Macoun.} YorkFactoiy, Hudson
Bay. (R. Bell.} Summits of the most elevated Rocky Mountains,
about Lat. 54°. (Drummond.} Crow Nest Pass, east of the lake;
western summit of North Kootanie Pass ; summit of the Cascade
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.} Cache Creek Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 23*7

Var. pulcherrima, Hook.

Swamps of the plains, and among the Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) In numerous swamps in the prairie region, west of the Touch-
wood Hills, and quite common west of the Meridian of Battleford.
(Macoun.) North of the Cypress Hills and in the Foot Hills of the
Eocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Calgary,
N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. E. Gobi.'}

(1101.) A. luzuloides, Tom & Gray Fl. II., 480.

Oregon or Kocky Mountains. (Drummond or Douglas.") Borders of
British Columbia. (Gray.) Mountain above Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Macoun.) The specimens obtained were quite young, heads very small
and the pappus short and spatulate. Better specimens are needed.

278. AN APHALIS, DC. (PEARLY EVERLASTING.)
(1102.) A. margaritacea, Benth & Hook.

Antennaria margaritacea, Hook. Fl. II., 329. Macoun's Cat., No. 1030.
Gnaphalium margaritacum, Willd. Pursh. Fl. II., 524.

Common on dry soil along the margins of tields and borders of
woods from Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
and westward to the Pacific. Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

279. CNAPHALIUM, Linn. (CUDWEED.)

(1103.) G. decurrens, Ives. Everlasting.

G. luteo-album (?) Holmes. Herb. McGill College.

Old fields and borders of woods. Windsor, N S. (How.') Green-
head, St. John Co. ; and abundant along Grand Lake and Salmon Eiver,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Common in Quebec and Ontario and westward
to Michipicotin Island, Lake Superior, also the country north of that
lake and west side of Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) British Columbia.
(Gray.)

(1104,) C. Sprengelii, Hook. & Am.

G. luteo-album, Hook. Fl. I., 328. Macoun's Cat., No- 1021.
G. decurrens, var. /?. Hook. Fl. I., 328.

Along rivers on gravel and shingle. Straits of De Fuca. (Scoultr.)
Along the Fraser near Yale above the Falls of the Spuzzum, and
around Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

238 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1105.) C. sylvaticum, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 328.

Abundant at Campbellton, Restigouche ; also found in woods at
River Charlo, N.B. Apparently native. (Fowler's Cat.} Quite com-
mon along the clay banks above bigh water about one mile below
Campbellton, N.B. Certainly indigenous. On the margin of the sea,
North Sidney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.}

(1106.) C. Norvegicum, gunner.

Labrador. (Ton. & Gray.} Canada. (Pursh.} On the top of Mount
Albert, in a little gully facing north, the snow in which lies nearly
all summer, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe. (Macoun.) Russian
America. (Gmelin.} On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis Straits,
Upernavick, Lat. 73°. (Dr. Kane.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

(1107.) C. palustre, Nutt.

Common on dry soil (where water seemed to lie in the spring) east
of the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.} Near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Dawson.} Very common at Victoria, and up the Eraser and
Thompson rivers. (Fletcher.}

(1108.) C. uliginosum, Linn.

Common along roadsides and in damp places in pastures from New-
foundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and westward to
Owen Sound ; also, along the Saskatchewan audits branches. (Macoun.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(M09.) C. polycephalum, Michx.

Old fields and open places in woods, not rare, often confounded with
G. decurrens which frequently grows with it. Northport, N.S. (Mc-
Gill Coll. Herb.} In old fields at Annapolis and Kingston on the An-
napolis and Windsor Railway, N.S. (Macoun.} Specimens in Frede-
ricton University marked abundant, but without locality. (Fowler's
Cat.} Common in old fields throughout Quebec and Ontario, to the
Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.}

(1110.) C. supinum, Vill. Hook. Fl. I., 329.
Labrador. (Morrison.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

(1111.) C. purpureum, Linn.

O. Americanum, Pursh Fl. II., 525.
G. Chamissonis, DC Prodr. VI., 233.

Common in grassy places along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 239

280. INULA, Linn. (ELECAMPANE.)

(1112.) I. Helenium, Linn. Common Elecampane.

Introduced. Frequent in old pastures along streams or by roadsides,
or iii the grassy borders of woods. Common in Nova Scotia. Bare in
New Brunswick, but frequent in Quebec, and common in Ontario.

281. ADENOCAULON, Hook. (ADENOCAULON.)

(1113.) A. bicolor, Hook.

Near the outlet of Lake Superior [possibly on the north side.] (Dr.
Pitcher.} Woods on the Portage Eiver, one of the sources of the
Columbia, in the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drummond.) Small
prairie in .cedar bush on Wigwam Eiver, Eocky Mountains ; on the
Cascade Mountains, east of Hope, B.C. (Daivson.) Vicinity of Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

282. POLYMN1A, Linn. (LEAF-CUP.)

(1114.) P. Canadensis, Linn.

Hillsides in shady, rich soil along streams. On the mountain side
near Hamilton. (Logie.) Loose rocks along the road leading down
to the river below the Clifton House, and abundant amongst rocks,
Foster's Flats below the Whirlpool, Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) At
the Whirlpool below Niagara Falls. (Maclayan.) Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.}

283. SILPHIUM, Linn. (ROSIN-PLANT.)

(1115.) S. terebinthinaceum, Linn. Prairie-Dock.

Open woods and grassy banks. Cayuga and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.~)
Along the Great Western Eailway, east of Paris, Ont. (Geo. Prescott.)

(1116.) S. perfoliatum, Linn. Cup-Plant.
Eich soil along streams. Island in Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan.)

240 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

284. IVA, Linn. (MARSH ELDER.)

(1117.) I. axillaris, Pursh. Hook. Fl. I., 309.

On dry or wet saline soil. Along the Saskatchewan from Carlton to
Edmonton. (Drummond.) Very common on. the margin of saline
lakes and ponds throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.) Short
Creek, Souris 'River, 49th parallel, and abundant westward on hard
baked clay. (Dawson.)

(1118.) I. xanthiifolia, Nutt.

Cydachxna xanthiifolia, Fres. Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 286.
In alluvial soil along rivers and small streams. Reed Lake, west of
Old Wives' Lakes ; at Setter's Farm, Cypress Hills ; and on the slope
of the high bank between Fort Edmonton and the river. (Macoun.)
Swift Current Creek, C. P. R. Crossing ; and at Fort Qu'Appelle close
to the Hudson Bay Co.'s store. (./. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.}

285. Ambrosia, Tourn. (RAG-WEED.)

(1119.) A. triflda, Linn.

Low grounds along streams. Common in the vicinity of Montreal.
(Holmes & Ami.) In a boggy field near St. Louis Dam, Ottawa.
(Macoun & Fletcher.) Cayuga and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Along
the northern slope of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Winnipeg. (Bourgeon.)

Var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 290.
A. integrifolia, Muhl. Pursh. Fl. II., 580.

On alluvial soil in river valleys. On alluvium along Maple Creek,
Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Near Milk River, on low fertile prairie
land, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1120.) A. artemisiaefolia, Linn.

A. elatior, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 309.

A. paniculata, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 309, in part.

Very common as a weed along railroads, and in towns and villages,
throughout Canada to the Rocky Mountains.

(1121.) A. psilostachya, DC.

A. coronopifolia, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 291.
Lake of the Woods, and westward along the 49th parallel over the

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 241

first and second Prairie Steppes. (Dawson.) West of the Elbow of
the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.} Swift Current at the C. P. E.
crossing. (J". M. Macoun, C. P. E. Coll.}

286. FRANSERIA, Cav.
(1122.) F. Hookeriana, Kutt.

Ambrosia acanthicarpa, Hook. Fl. I., 309.

Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red River. (Douglas.} Abundant
at Crooked Lake and "Big Stick" Lake, north of Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.}

(1123.) F. bipinnatiflda, Nutt.

Ambrosia paniculata, Hook. Fl. I., 309, in part.

Sea shore, Nootka Sound. (Scouler.) Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Vancouver Island. (Cowley.}

(1124.) F. Chamissonis, Less.

Seashore along the southern part of British Columbia. (Gray.}

287. XANTHIUM, Tourn. (COCKLEBUR.)
(1125.) X. Canadense, Mill.

X. strumarium, Linn, var. Canadense, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 294.

Common in river bottoms, in many places throughout the north-west.
(Macoun.) Moose Mountain Lake, N.W.T. (J". M. Macoun, C. P. E.
Coll.} Lake of the Woods and along the Red River. (Daivson.)

Var. echinatum, Gray.

X. echinatum, Murray. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 294.

Waste places and on alluvium in river bottoms, Pictou, JST.S. (McKay.}
Mcolet, Q. (Madagan.) Bridge over the river St. Pierre, Q. (Holmes.}
Montreal Mountain. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.} Alluvial flats of the Ottawa
and at Billings' Bridge. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Vicinity of Prescott;
Ont. (Billings.} Valley of the Salmon River at the railway bridge,
Shannonville, Ont. ; also in St. James' Cemetery, Toronto. (Macoun.}
Roadsides, common near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippewa and
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.} Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Abundant at Sarnia and many points along the Great Western Railway,
Ont. (Macoun.)
4

242 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1126.) X. spinosum, Linn.

Introduced in wool. Abundant at Dundas, Ont. (Burgess.*) Strath-
roy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.*)

288. HELIOPSIS, Pers. (OX-EYE.)
(1127.) H. Isevis, Pers.

Buphthalmum helianthoides, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 130.
Dry open thickets and prairies. St. Catharines and Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.*) Thickets, vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.*)

(1128.) H. scabra, Dunal. Hook. Fl. I., 310.

H. Ixvis, var. scabra, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 303.

On the prairie between Oak Point and Winnipeg. (Macoun.*)
Common on the banks of Red River near the " Forks " (of the Red
and Assiniboine at Winnipeg). (Douglas.) Turtle Mountain and
Red River prairie on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

289. RUDBECKIA, Linn. (CONE-FLOWER.)

(1129.) R. hirta, Linn.

R. fulgida, Ait. Dawson's Boundary Report

In old fields and meadows eastward apparently introduced ; very
abundant on some parts of the prairie region. This species is always
found in meadows ui eastern Canada, but in Ontario it is found in both
fields and thickets, and more especially along the Grand Trunk and
Great Western railways, west of Toronto. It is often common on damp
places on the prairie as far west as Humboldt on the old telegraph line.

(1130.) R. laciniata, Linn Fl. I., 311.

In swamps and low damp thickets. Cross-road Cote" des Neiges, also
River St. Pierre, near Montreal. (Holmes.} Beauharnois, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.*) Wet ground near Blue Church, and in thickets west of
Brockville, rare. (Billings.*) Along the Nation River at Casselman's
on the Canada Atlantic Railway, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.*)
In a small cedar swamp, near Heely Falls, on the Trent, Northum-
berland Co., Ont. (Macoun.*) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.*)
Roseau River and Turtle Mountain on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.*)
Abundant along the Assiniboine River between Winnipeg and Portage
la Prairie. (Macoun.*)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 243

(1131.) R. columnaris, Pursh. Fl. II., 575. Hook. Fl. I., 311.

Lepachys columnaris, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 315. Macoun's Cat. No. 974
and 975.

Very abundant on arid soil especially west of the 102nd meridian,
JST.W.T. (Macoun.) On dry undulating grounds of the Saskatchewan
and Eed rivers. (Douglas.) Frequent along the 49th parallel, and
westward to the Foot Hills. (Damson.)

Var. pulcherrima, Don.

Lepachys columnaris, var. pulcherrima, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 315.

Along the shores of Long Lake, west of Last Mountain, N.W.T.
(Macoun.)

290. ECHINACEA, Moench. (PURPLE CONE-FLOWER.)

(1132.) E. angustifolia, DC.

E. purpurea, Dawson's Boundary Report.
Wood End, on the Souris Eiver, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

291. BALSAMORHIZA, Hook.

(1133.) B. sagittata, Nutt.

Buphthalmum sagittatum, Pursh. Fl. II., 564.

Dry, rocky or gravelly soil. Crow Nest Pass, east of the lake,
Rocky Mountains, abundant on dry slopes of the hills. (Dawson.)
Very common on dry grassy slopes on both sides of the Thompson at
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)

(1134.) B. deltoidea, Nutt.

On Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) Drew's
Harbor, Valdez Island, B.C. (Dawson.)

292. HELIANTHUS, Linn. (SUN-FLOWER.)

(1135.) H. annilUSf Linn. Garden Sun-flower.

H. lenticularis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. I., 313.
H. multiflorus, Hook. Fl. I., 313, in part.

Frequent on waste heaps and in old gardens and around fences in
many parts of the Dominion. (The cultivated form.) The following

244 GEOLOGICAL SDRVEY OF CANADA.

refer to the indigenous form. On arid soil. Saskatchewan. (Drum-
mond.) Bank of Moose Jaw Creek, on arid clay. (Macoun.) White
Mud River or Frenchman's Creek, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Abun-
dant in the dry interior of British Columbia, along the Thompson
River. (Fletcher & Hill.'}

(1136.) H. petiolaris, Nutt.

On arid soil along streams in the south-western part of the prairie
region, from the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan westward.
(Macoun.) Along Belly River. Sandy bank, Wood End on Souris River,
49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1137.) H. rigidus, Desf. Var. ft. Ton-. & Gray.
H. atrorubens, Hook. Fl. I., 312.

Plains and grassy prairies. Banks of the Saskatchewan as far as
Edmonton. (Dnnnmond.) From the Red River to the Rocky Moun-
tains, on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) . Yery common throughout the
whole prairie region. (Macoun.)

(1138.) H. Nuttallii, Ton-. & Gray Fl. II., 324.

On dry open prairie, often confounded with small forms of the next.
South of Battleford and near the Hand Hills. Also, west of Hum
boldt Telegraph Station. (Macoun.) Bow River valley at Calgarry.
(J! M. Macoun, C. P. E. Coll} Turtle Mountain, 49th Parallel. (Daw-
son.) Interior of British Columbia, (Gray. )

(1139.) H. giganteus, Linn.

Grassy thickets and borders of marshes. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logic.} Cayuga and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Common at London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Coldstream, Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill. Coil-
Serb.) Marshy meadow at Point Edward near Sarnia, also in numer.
ous places along the Great Western Railway, between Sarnia and
Hamilton. Yery abundant on the prairie region from the Lake of the
Woods to the Rocky Mountains, and northward to the forest line.
(Macoun.)

(1140.) H. strumosus, Linn.

Dry, gravelly soil quite common in Hastings and Northumberland
counties, Ont. (Macoun.) Fields around Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Strathroy, Ont. (McGill. Coll. Herb.) Yicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.) A variety of this species was collected somewhere in the
North-West by Bourgeau. See Palliser's Report, page 258. Possibly

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 245

the same form was collected on the 49th parallel at Turtle Mountain
by Dr. G. M. Dawson.

(1141.) H. decapetalus, Linn.

H.frondosus, Hook. Fl. I., 312.

H. tracheliifolius, Holmes Herb. McGill College.

On the borders of woods and thickets. Abundant on Montreal
Mountain ; Cowansville, Q. Beauharnois Co., Q. Knowlton, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Nicolet, Q. (Maclagan.) In the vicinity of Prescott
quite common. (Billings.) Valley of the Trent above Trenton ; at
Consecon, Prince Edward Co., and abundant in St. James' Cemetery,
Toronto. (Macoun.) Niagara District. (Maclagan.) Common
around London, Ont. (Burgess.) Mouth of Mississaugi River, Geor-
gian Bay. {R. Bell.)

(1142.) H. divaricatus, Linn.

On dry, gravelly soil along rivers and in thickets. Chelsea near
Ottawa, and common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Dry woods and thickets in Hastings Co. and west-
ward throughout Ontario. (Macoun.) Norway House, outlet of Lake
"Winnipeg. (Richardson.)

(1143.) H. parviflorus, Bernh.

H. microcephalus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II.,
H. divaricatus, Michx. Fl. II., 141.

Thickets in alluvial soil in western Ontari
Gray Fl. II., 330.)

(1144.) H. Maximilian!, Schrader. .

On the Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) We are not acquainted with
this species but very likely confound it with H. giganteus, which is
very near it.

(1145.) H. tuberosus, Linn.

Naturalized in a few places near gardens. An escape in Halifax Co.,
N.S. {Lawson.) Spontaneous about garden fences, N.B. {Fowler's
Cat.) Naturalized in a few localities in central Ontario. {Macoun.)
Vicinity of London. {Burgess.) Beaver Meadows, near Thorold, Ont.
{Maclagan.)

(1146.) H. pumilus, Nutt.

Specimens which are doubtfully referred to this species were collected
at the Blackfoot Crossing on Bow River. {Macoun.) Calgarry in the
valley of the Bow River. («7. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll)

246 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1147.) H. doronicoides, Lam. Ton-. & Gray Fl. II., 327, in part.

In the valley of the Kaministiquia, west of Lake Superior, a species
of Helianthus, which produces large tubers, was observed in profusion
near Point Meuron in July, 1869. Not having seen perfect specimens
we are still uncertain what species it is but refer it here for the present.
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

293. ACTINOMERIS, Nutt. (ACTINOMERIS.)
(1148.) A. squarrosa, Nutt.

A. alternifolia, DC. Prodr. V., 575.
Verbisina Coreopsis, Michx. Fl. II., 134.

Islands in the Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan.)

294. COREOPSIS, Linn. (TICKSEED.)

(1149.) C. disco idea, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 339.

Vicinity of Pictou, N.S. [?] (McKay.} Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.')
Very likely both references belong to a form of Bidens frondosa.

(1150.) C. trichosperma, Michx.

Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Very likely the species
meant is C. aristosa, Michx., which might be found as above.

(1151.) C. tripterus, Linn. Tall Coreopsis.

Dry soil near streams. Maiden, Ont., and islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.}

(1152.) C. verticillata, Linn.
Moist places and margins of swamps, western Canada. (Gray.)

(1153.) C.IIanceloata, Linn.

North shore of Lake Superior. (Dr. Pitcher.) Lake Huron. (Dr.
Todd.) In rich or damp soil, western Canada. (Gray.)

(1154.) C. tinctoria, Nutt.

Damp places in creeks and coulees, prairie region. South of Battle-
ford and at the Hand Hills ; also, in dry coulees east of the Cypress
Hills. (Macoun.) South of Wood Mountain, and west fork of Milk
River, not abundant, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 24?

295. BIDENS, Linn. (BUR-MARIGOLD.)

(1155.) B. frondosa, Linn. Common Beggar- ticks.
B. pilosa, Wiild. Holmes Herb. McGill College.

Common in ditches and on moist, fertile soil, from Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)

(1156.) B. connata, Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks.

Swampy grounds and margins of rivers and ponds, from Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Saskatche-
wan, at Cumberland House. (Richardson.)

(1157.) B. cernua, Linn. Smaller Bur-marigold.

Swamps and ditches, from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick through-
out Quebec and Ontario westward to the Saskatchewan and northward
to Hudson Bay. (Richardson.) Very abundant in marshes on the
upper part of Swan Eiver and westward in the valleys of rivers to the
Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Var. elata, Torr. & Gray PI. II., 352.
B. chrysanthemoides, Hook. Fl. I., 314.
Straits of De Fuca, on the North-West coast. (Scouler.)

(1158.) B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. Greater Bur-marigold.

Swamps and margins of shallow pools and in ditches. This species
is credited with the same range a§ the last in all the eastern part of
Canada, but is not recorded west of the Lake of the Woods. My im-
pression is that this is a more southern species than B. cernua, and
that the variety with four awns on the achenia should be placed with
B. cernua. All our western forms seem to be B. cernua, and it is prob-
able that our northern ones also are that species.

(1159.) B. Beckii, Torr.

In still water in rivers and lakes. In the St. Lawrence near Point
St. Charles, at Montreal. (Holmes.) Beauharnois Co., Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Eailway Bay
near Prescott, also Doxey's Bay, Eideau River, four miles from Ottawa,
abundant. (Billings.) Eiver Trent above Heely Falls; BayofQuinte,
above Flint's Mill, Belleville ; also, Sydenham Eiver above the
falls, near Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.) Niagara Eiver above the
falls. (David F. Day.) Chippewa and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

248 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Lake of the Woods and Red River, Man. (Dawson.) Little Swan
River and lakelets along the Porcupine mountains, Man. (Macoun.)

296. MADIA, Molina. (TAR-WEED.)

(1160.) M. Nuttalli, Gray.

Aniwcarpun madioides, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 403.
Woods from California to British Columbia. (Gray.)

(1161.) M. glomerata, Hook. Fl. II., 24.

Amida hirsuta, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 406. Macoun's Cat. No. 994.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Swift Current Creek
on the line of the C. P. R. near the station, JST.W.T. (J. M. Macoun,
C. P. E. Coll.) Foot hills of the West Butte, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

Var. gracilis, Macoun.

Amida gracilis, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 405.

In the beds of dried up streams and bottoms of coulees. Swift
Current Creek on the line of the C. P. R. (J. M. Macoun, 0. P. R.
Coll.) Small lake near Pincher Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson.) Along
the upper part of Pile of Bones Creek and at Red Deer lakes west of
the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)

(1162.) M. dissitiflora, Torr. & Gray.

On gravel or damp soil around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Dawson
& Fletcher.)

(1163.) M. fllipes, Gray.

On gravelly soil in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J

Richardson, Meehan & Fletcher.)

297. JAUMEA, Pers.

(1164.) J. carnosa, Gray.

Coinogyne camosa, Less. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 410.

Shores of Puget Sound. (Gray.) Possibly at the southern point of
Vancouver Island.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 249

298. ERIOPHYLLUM, Lag.

(1165.) E. Ccespitosum, Dougl.

Bahia lanata, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 375.
Actinella lanata, Pursh. Fl. II., 560.
Trichophyllum lanatum, Nntt. Hook. Fl. I, 315.

On rocky slopes at Yale, B.C. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island.- (Meehari).

Var. leucophyllum, Gray.

Bahia Uucophylla, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 375.

On dry gravelly hill sides near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Fletcher.)

299. CHAENACTIS, DC.

(1166.) C. Douglas! i, Hook. & Am.

Hymenopappus Dottglam, Hook. Fl. I., 316.

On dry ground along sloping banks. On the banks of Belly Eiver ;
at Wood Mountain on the shore of a saline lake, 49th parallel ; also
on the Chilcoten Eiver west of the Fraser, B.C. (Dawson.) Nicola
Valley, B.C. (Fletcher.)

300. HYMENOPAPPUS, L'Her. (HYMENOPAPPUS.)

(1167.) H. filifolius, Hook. Fl. I., 317.

H. tenuifolius, Eaton in Bot. King Exp. 173.

On dry sandy or gravelly soil. White Mud Eiver, or Frenchmen's
Creek, dry bank, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Missouri Coteau in the
Dirt Hills. (Macoun.)

SOI. HELENIUM, Linn. (SNEEZE-WEED.)

(1168.) H. autumnale, Linn. Sneeze-weed.

On alluvium in the valleys of the rivers and borders of lakes. At
the Chats on the Ottawa. (Mrs. Col. Chamberlain.) Boucherville Islands,
near Montreal. (Holmes.) Vicinity of Montreal and near Ottawa.

250 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(McGill Coll. Herb.') Islands in Rice Lake and along the river Trent at
Crow Bay; also, Lake Isaac and Red Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. {Logic.} Niagara Falls and along the
Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Near London, along the Thames.
(Burgess.) Not uncommon throughout the prairie region and extend-
ing westward to the Pacific. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to the
Arctic Circle and from Hudson Bay to the Pacific. (Hooker.)

3O2. GAILLARDIA, Four^eroux.

(1169.) C. aristata, Pursh.

O. tricolor, Lam. Hook. FL L, 315.

Common on dry soils from the eastern part of Manitoba to the Rocky
Mountains and in the dry interior of British Columbia. The variety
/?. of Hooker has been collected in the Rock3r Mountains by Dr. Dawson.

The form from the Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains has very large
flowers often over two inches across, the rays are 3rellow and nearly
all the leaves are entire. Another form has a very woolly involucre
and nearly all the leaves deeply pinnatified. The three forms are
limited as follows :

(1) Flowers large, rays deep yellow and with a long limb, leaves
nearly all entire.

(2) This form has also large flowers, but the rays have a tinge of
purple at the base and the outer bracts are long and taper pointed.

(3) In this the rays are quite short and involucre and upper part of
the peduncle quite woolly, nearly all the leaves are more or less
pinnatifid. This form has a purplish disk and is always of small size.

303. ACTINELLA, Pers.
(1170.) A. acaulis, Nutt.

Galardia acaulis, Pursh. Fl. II., 743.

Dry gravelly soil, prairie region. West Butte, on a dry hill, 49th
parallel ; Fossil Coulee, Milk River Ridge. (Dawson.} On the Missouri
Coteau, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)

(1171.) A. Richardsonii, Nutt.

Picradenia Richardsonii, Hook. Fl. I., 317.

Dry gravelly hillsides in the prairie region. About Carlton on
the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) On ridges west of Moose Moun-

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 251

tain, on the Dirt Hills, on ridges west of Long Lake, and the top of
the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Bottom of Verdigris Coulee, and at
Fossil Coulee, Milk Eiver Eidge, Foot Hills of Rocky Mountains.

(Dawson.)

304. DYSODIA, Cav. (FETID MARIGOLD.)

(1172.) D. chrysanthemoides, Lag.
Rare. A " railroad weed " at Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

305. ACHILLEA, Linn. (YARROW.)
(11*73.) A. Millefolium, Linn.

A. borealis, Bongard. Veg. Sitch., 149.
Ptarmica borealis, DC. Prodr. VI., 21.

Common in meadows and pastures, along the borders of woods and
on grassy banks on mountains, and by streams from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea. Introduced form in
cultivated grounds. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.) Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.) A variety with rose colored rays is found in old gardens
and often lives for a few years on waste heaps. London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Annapolis Valley, N.S., along roadsides. (Macoun.)

Var. lanata, Koch.

A. tomentosa, Pursh. Fl. II., 319.
Along the Pacific Coast. Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

(1174.) A. multiflora, Hook.

A. Ptarmica, Richard. Frankl. Journ. Ed. II., 33.

In river valleys. Woody country of sub-arctic America as far north
as Fort Franklin. (Richardson.) In all river valleys from Lake Mani-
toba to the Rocky Mountains and northward to Lake Athabasca.
(Macoun.) Qu'Appelle River at Police Barracks. (J. M. Macoun C.
P. E. Coll)

(1175.) A. Ptarmica, Linn.

Ptarmica vulgaris, DC. Prodr. VI., 23.

Introduced. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.)
Roadside at Truro, N.S. ; along the Intercolonial Railway, a little east
of Campbellton, N.B. (Macoun.) Looks like a native at River Charlo,

252 GEOLOGICAL, SURVEY OF CANADA.

Restigouche, and at Kouckibouguac, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.*)
Isle of Orleans, Q. (Hooker.) Fields around Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.')

(1176.) A. Sibirica.

Ounalashka and Eschscholtz Bay. (Eothr. Alask.)

306. ANTHEMIS, Linn. (CHAMOMILE.)

(1177.) A. arvensis, Linn. Wild Chamomile.

Introduced. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Buctouche, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.) Prof. Fowler says of this that it is without a strong scent. On
this account I believe it to be Matricaria inodora.

(1178.) A. tinctoria, Linn.

On Ballast heaps, St. John, N.B. (Say.') In meadows, Insane
Asylum, London, Ont. (Burgess.)

307. MARUTA, Cass. (MAY-WEED.)
(1179.) M. Cotula, DC.

Anthemis Cotula, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 318.

Naturalized and abundant along roadsides and in the streets of cities,
towns, and villages, throughout all the settled parts of Canada.

3O8. CHRYSANTHEMUM, Linn. (OX-EYE DAISY.)
(1180.) C. Leucanthemum, Linn.

Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. Macoun's Cat., No. 1000.

Naturalized in old meadows and pastures and by roadsides through-
out the settled parts of Canada. An obnoxious weed in many sections
of the eastern provinces and Ontario.

(1181.) C. integrifolium, Eichards.

Leucanthemum integrifolium, DC.

Shores of the Arctic Sea and on the Copper Mountains in Lat. 67°.
Probably on all the shores and islands. (Richardson.) Port Kennedy,
Arctic Sea. (Capt. Markham.) Between the Coppermine Eiver and Cape
Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31'. (Dease.) Montreal Island,

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 253

Arctic Sea. Mouth of Back's Great Fish River. (Stewart.) Kotzebue
Sound, island of St. Lawrence, and from Point Barrow to the Mac-
kenzie Elver. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1182.) C. arcticum, Linn.

Leucanthemum arcticum, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 412.

Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.} York Factory, Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.) Mouth of the Churchill River, Hudson Bay. (R. Sell.)
Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54',
Long. 115° 31' west. (Dease.) Montreal Island, Arctic Sea. (Me Gill
Coll. Herb.) Norton Sound to Washington Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1183.) C. segetum, Linn. Corn Marygold.
Ballast heaps, St. John, and Carle ton, N.B. (Hay.)

(1184.) C. Parthenium, Pers. Common Fever-few.
Leucanthemum Parthenium, Godron.

A garden escape in a few localities. Gardens, scarcely wild, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Waste heaps at Belleville and at Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.) A weed in gardens at Port Col borne, Ont. (David F. Day.)

(1185.) C. bipinnatum, Linn.

Pyrethrum bipinnatum, Willd. DC. Prodr. VI., 60.
Tanacetum Kotzebuense, Bess. Rothrock's Alaska.

Cape Espenberg, Arctic America. (Eschscholtz.) Youcon Valley,
Alaska. (L. M. Turner.)

(1186.) C. Balsamitae, Linn. Costmary.

Cultivated in gardens. An escape at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
On the roadside near Nelson, Ont. (Millman.) Along roadsides at
Port Dover, Ont. (Burgess.)

309. MATRICARIA, Linn. (WILD CHAMOMILE.)

(1187.) M. inodora, Linn.

Pyrethrum inodorum, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 320-

Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. Cornwalis, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (J. Richardson.) Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Along the Intercolonial at Truro and on ballast
heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) (All
the preceding refer to the introduced plant.) York Factory. (Drum-
mond.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (JR. Sell.) Bear Lake, Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.) The indigenous

254 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

specimens are distinguished by dark brown (almost black) involucral
bracts and longer and wider rays. This is certainly not identical with
the European form. We agree with Torr. & Gray in thinking that the
northern form is perennial. It is not annual as the specimens obtained
by Dr. Bell amply prove. Better specimens may show that it is
entirely distinct from the European plant.

Var. nana, Hook. Fl. I., 320.

Chrysanthemum grandiflorum, Hook, in Parry's 2nd Voy., 398.

Shores and islands of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Near the
mouth of Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Stewart.)

Var. eli^ulata. Seem.
Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1188.) M. discoidea, DC.

Tanacetum (?) suaveolens, Hook. FI. L, 327.
Santolina suaveolens, Pursh. Fl. II., 520.

South Kootanie Pass, on Tobacco Eiver, west slope of Eocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Straits of De Fuca. (Scouter.) On gravel
along the Fraser Eiver at Yale, B.C. (Macoun.) Near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (J. Richardson.) Abundant at Victoria. (Fletcher.)
Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

3IO. TANCETUM, Linn.

(1189.) T. vulgare, Linn. Common Tansy.

Naturalized throughout the country. Usually found in patches in
old fields, along roadsides and in lanes near dwellings.

Var. crispum, DC.

Leaves more incised and crisped. Frequent in the same situations.

(1190.) T. Huronense, Nutt.

T. Douglasii, DC. Prodr. VI., 128.

T. pauciflorum, Richards. Hook. FL I., 327.

Omalanthus camphoralus, Less. Hook. Fl. I., 321.

York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) Growing on sand at the
mouth of Jupiter Eivcr, Anticosti. (Macoun.) On the Eestigouche at
the mouth of the Upsalquitch and near Campbellton. Shore of St.
John Eiver at Fredericton, and all along the river above Fredericton,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Point-aux-Pins, five miles above the Sault Ste.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 255

Marie, and on the Sandy Islands, Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Ten
miles west of Iroquois Point, Lake Superior. (R. Bell.') Along the
coast of British Columbia. (Jones.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.~)

311. ARTEMISIA, Linn. (WORM-WOOD.)
(1191.) A. dracunculoides, Pursh.

A. Dracuncvlus, Pursh. Fl. II., 521.

A. Nuttattiana, Bees. Hook. Fl. L, 326.

On dry gravelly and sandy prairies and open plains from Manitoba
to the Eocky Mountains and northward to Peace River. (Macoun.*)
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Chinaman's Ranche above
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Chilcoten River west of the Fraser
River, B.C. (Dawson.')

(1192.) A. glauca, Pall.

A. glnuca, var. fastigiata, Bess. DC. Prodr. VI., 97.
A. dracunculoides, var. incana, Torr & Gray Fl. II., 416.

We understand this species to be what we have formerly considered
an unbranched state of the preceding species. Should this view be
correct, it ranges from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains or through-
out the whole prairie region. (Macoun.*) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.~)

(1193.) A. borealis, Pall. Var. spithamoea, Torr. & Gray Fl.

II., 411.

A. borealis, Pall. var. Purshii, Hook. Fl. L, 326.
A. spithamoea, Pursh Fl. II., 522.

Labrador. (Koimelster.) On exposed limestone rocks a little east
of South-west Point Lighthouse, Anticosti. (Macoun.*) Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond.*) Arctic shores of North America. (Richardson.')
On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis Strait. (Capt. Markham.)
Back's Great Fish River and Gulf of Boothia. (Back.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.)

Var. Wormskioldii, Bess. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 411.

Hudson Bay and mountains of Lower Canada [where it seemingly
passes into A. Canadensis in Coll. Allen.~\ (Gray.) On high cliffs at
Mont Louis, and on the summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Moun-
tains, Gaspe". (Macoun.*) Islands along the north-west coast of
America. (Scouler.) Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

256 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1194.) A. Canadensis, Michx.

A. campestris, Pursh Fl. II., 521.

A. desertorum, Hook. Fl. I., 325, in part.

Along sea beaches and on lake shores and by rivers throughout
Canada. On gravelly ridges and sand dunes on the prairies and open
plains and through the Eocky Mountains extending to the Pacific
Coast. (Macoun.) From Hudson Bay across the wooded country
northward to the Arctic Circle and west to the Pacific. (Hooker?)

(1195.) A. caudata, Michx.

Half Way Island, Detroit Eiver, Ont. (Maclagan.) On dry exposed
ridges western plains. On gravel ridge west of Fort Ellice, Man.
(Macoun.)

(1196.) A. cana, Pursh. Sage Brush.

Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) From the confluence
of the Assiniboine and Qu'Appelle on arid clay or dry sand south-
westwardly across the plains. Common westward from Old Wives
Lakes to Calgary, and south to the 49th parallel. (Macoun.)

(1197.) A. tridentata, Nutt.

On very arid soil. Where this plant grows the soil needs irrigation.
It is altogether unknown" north of the 49th parallel, east of the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Flathead Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1198.) A. triflda, Nutt.

On very arid soil from, Spence's Bridge to Cache Creek, interior of
British Columbia. (Hill & Fletcher.) Along the shore of Osoyoos
Lake, B.C. (Dawson,)

(1199.) A. longifolia, Nutt.

On arid clay banks of Eibstone and Stoney creeks, east of Hand
Hills, also at Old Wives Lakes arid north of Cypress Hills, apparently
rare, but possibly overlooked. (Macoun.)

(1200.) A. discolor, Dougl.

A. Ludovitiana, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 322.

Eocky Mountains, and Arctic America. (Richardson.) Bow Eiver
Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th paral-
lel ; Mcola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) On rocky banks at Yale, B.C.
(Macoun.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher & HilL)

nATOLOQUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 25*7

(1201.) A. Lindleyana, Boss.

Probably along the southern boundary of British Columbia. Im-
perfect specimens with linear leaves and a spicate infloresence have
been referred here. Chilcoten Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1202.) A. Ludoviciana, Nutt.

A. integrifolia, Pursh Fl. II., 520.

A. Purshiana, (3. angustifolia, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.

Banks of the Eed Eiver. (Douglas.) From Manitoba westward,
quite common. (Macoun.") East and West Forks of Milk Eiver, 49th
parallel. This is the most common variety of "Sage" on the third
prairie plateau and grows very abundantly on dry open plains and dry
valleys. (Damson.) Upper leaves or all of them entire, clothed above
and below with tomentum.

Var. gnaphalodes, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 420.
A. gnaphalodes, DC. Prodr. VI., 115.

Common on dry knolls thro ugh out the prairie region, more especially
westward. (Macoun.) Frequent along the 49th parallel ; also, Garrett's
Eanche, Old Man Eiver. (Dawson.) Leaves serrate at the tips.

Yar. latiloba, Nutt.

Eocky Mountains. (Scouler.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Leaves very much lobed and almost glabrous above.

Var. latifolia, Torr. & Gray.

A. Purshiana, var. a. latifolia, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.

On the plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Common on the
prairie south of Battleford and east of the Hand Hills. (Macoun.)
Old Wives Lakes, N".W.T. (J. M. Macoun C. P. R. Coll.") Tobacco
Plains, Kootanie Valley, B.C. (Dawson.)

Var. Douglasiana, Eaton in Bot. King Exp., 183.
A. Douglasiana, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.

Banks of North Saskatchewan above Fort Carlton. Also, on the
prairie twenty miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) This form has
wholly entire leaves which are linear lanceolate and almost acuminate.

(1203.) A. vulgaris, Linn. Mug-wort.

Throughout Canada, and as far north as the Arctic Circle. (Richard-
son.') The introduced form is found at Becscie Eiver, Anticosti, and at
Annapolis, N. S. (Macoun.") Waste grounds near houses, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.") Quite common along railways and in the neighborhood
of towns and villages throughout Quebec and Ontario.
5

258 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. Californica, Bess.

A form which is referred here was gathered in the neighborhood of
Victoria, Vancouver Island, by Mr. Fletcher, in Augustj 1883. The
plants are stout but not tall, and are thickly covered with leaves, which
are smooth and green above but covered with white tomentum below.
The greater number are serrate, but some of the lower ones are slightly
lobed.

Var. Tilesii. Ledeb.

A. Tilesii, Ledeb. Torr. & Gray Fl. II, 421.

Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers.
(Richardson.) Bast coast of Hudson Bay. (R. Sell.) Fort St.
Michaels arid western and northern coasts. (Rothr. Alask.) Fort
Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

(1204.) A. Richardsoniana, Bess.

A. arctica, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 323.
A. csespitosa, Hook. Fl. I., 324.

From Bear Lake to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)
Between the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again. Lat. 67° 54',
Long. 115° 31' west. (Dease.) Lake Beechy. (Stewart.)

(1205.) A. Norvegica, Fries.

A. Chamissoniana, var. saxatilis, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 324.
A. arctica, Less. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 423.

Alpine and sub-alpine region of the Rocky Mountains from Lat. 62-
49°. (Gray.} "Woods in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drum-
mond.) Cariboo mountains in northern British Columbia. (Cowley.)
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)

Var. Pacifica, Gray.

A. Chamissoniana, Bess. Hook. Fl. I., 324, in part.

Arctic Sea shore. (Richardson.') Cape Lisburne and Point Hope,
and possibly Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1206.) A. glomerata, Ledeb. Hook. Fl. I., 324.

Bay of St. Lawrence. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)
Arctic Alaska. * (Gray.)

(1207.) A. globularia, Cham.

Ounalashka and island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.) Arctic
Alaska and islands. (Gray.) St. Paul's Island. (Mrs. Macintyre.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 259

(1208.) A. Senjavinensis, Bess.
Kotzebue Sound. (Beechy.~)

(1209.) A. biennis, Willd.

This species has its home in the west where it is very abundant in
the valleys of all the rivers and s'mall streams. Of late it has been
reported from all the eastern provinces, and is rapidly spreading by
means of the railways to every part of the country. From Hudson
Bay to the McKenzie River. (Richardson.} Dry interior of British
Columbia. (Dawson.)

(1210.) A. frigida, Willd. Pasture Sage Brush.

A. frigida, Willd. Var. Gmelinana, Bess. Hook. Fl. L, 321.
Very abundant on dry exposed hills and river banks from Manitoba
westward to the Rocky Mountains, and northwards to Peace River.
West and south of the Cypress Hills this species is very common and
makes up with Eurotia lanata much of the winter cattle feed in those
districts. At Cornwall's, in the interior of British Columbia, where
there is scarcely a blade of grass this plant produces abundance of
herbage and is invaluable as a winter food plant. Both in British
Columbia and east of the rockies, in the grazing country, this plant will
yet be highly prized for its heat producing qualities during the coldest
winter weather. Its northern limit as far as known to me is the
northern bank of Peace River in Lat. 58°. Mackenzie River. (McGill
Coll. Herb.)

(1211.) A. Absinthium, Linn. Wormwood.

Naturalized in numerous places by roadsides, in lanes and around
dwellings from Newfoundland to the western part of Ontario. At
Moose Factory, James Bay. (Gray.)

312. LUINA, Benth.

(1212.) L. hypoleuca, Benth.

In the Cascade Mountains, on the border of British Columbia.
(Lyall.)

313. TUSSILAGO, Tourn. (COLTSFOOT.)

(1213.) T. Farfara, Linn.

Introduced and naturalized, by roadsides and in pastures in a few
places in the Maritime provinces. Abundant in and around Yarmouth,

260 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

N.S. (Macoun.) Spreading from ballast in several places, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat .) St. Stephen, KB. (Vroom)

314. PETASITES, Tourn. (SWEET-COLTSFOOT.)

(1214.) P. palmata, Gray.

Nardosmia palmata, Hook. Fl. I., 308. Macoun's Cat., No. 826.
Tussilago palmata, Ait. Pursh Fl. II., 531.

In cedar swamps and bogs. Swamps and shady banks of streams
from Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains and
north to Bear Lake, Lat. 67°. (Richardson.) From Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and westward through
the prairie region and Eocky Mountains to British Columbia. (Macoun.)

(1215.) P. sagittata, Gray.

Nardosmia sagittata, Benth. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 93. Macoun'sCat,

No. 827.
Tussilago sagittata, Ait. Pursh Fl. II., 332.

Very abundant in swamps at Emerson and Totogon, Manitoba, and
westward in boggy places to the Rocky Mountains, and throughout
northern British Columbia. (Macoun & Dawson.) Hudson Bay to the
swamps in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Lake Superior (?)
in Lat. 48° to Fort Franklin in Lat. 66°. (Richardson.} Abundant on
dry clay banks, from Lytton to Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1216.) P. frigida, Fries.

Nardosmia corymbosa, Hook. Fl. I., 308. Macoun's Cat., No. 828.
Nardosmia frigida, Hook. Fl. I., 307.
Tussilago frigida, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 531.

From Lake Winnipeg in Lat. 52° to Fort Franklin in Lat. 66°.
(Richardson.) Arctic America from Melville Island to Kotzebue
Sound, and south to Fort Norman, in about Lat. 65°. (Torr. & Gray.)
Ounalashka, Norton Sound and the northern coast of Alaska. (Rothr.
Alasli.) Arctic coast and west to the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)

315. ARNICA, Linn. (ARNICA.)

(1217.) A. cordifolia, Hook.

Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains, on the east side. (Drummond.)
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass ; Flat Head River, B.C. (Dawson.) Bow River Pass ;

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 261

also, woods along the Eraser above Boston Bar, B.C. (Macoun.} At
the crossing of the Blackwater River, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1218.) A. iatifolia, Bongard.
A. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. I., 331.

Alpine woods and rivulets of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.}
Mountains in the Bow River Pass. (Macoun.} South Kootanie Pass,
49th parallel ; Crow Nest Lake, Crow Nest Pass ; also, Skagit River,
B.C. (Dawson.} Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.} North-west coast
of America. (Menzies.) Observatory Inlet. (Scouler.} Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.}

(1219.) A. Chamissonis, Less.

A. mollis, Hook. Fl. L, 231. Macoun's Cat., No. 1051.

Grand Palls of Nepisiquit River, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.} Tobique
Narrows, N.B. (Hiy.} Andover and Grand Falls, N.B. ( Wetmore.}
Very common on the upper part of the Ste. Anne des Monts River and
on the upper slopes of Mount Albert, Gaspe". (Macoun.} Gros Cap, Lake
Superior. (R. Bell.} South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.}
Bow River Pass ; also on mountains at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.}
Queen Charlotte Islands: (Dawson.} Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.}
Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.} Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meefian.}

(1220.) A. foliosa, Nutt. '

A. Chamissonis, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 449, in part.

A. montana, Hook. Fl. I., 330, in part. Macoun's Cat., No. 1054.

Wooded country from the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.} From Fort Bllice westward in thickets and damp prairies
to the Rocky Mountains and northward to the Peace River. (Macoun.}
Eu-ti-a-kwe-ta-chick Lake, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1221 ) A. amplexicaulis, Nutt.

Woods and shaded rocks, Oregon to British Columbia. (Lyall.} In
woods at the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°. (Dawson.}

(1222.) A. alpina, Murr.

A. angustifolia, Vahl. Torr. & Gray Fl. II, 449. Macoun's Cat., No. 1049.
A. montana p. alpina, Linn. Hook. Fl. I., 330.

Labrador, and the Arctic coast to the Saskatchewan. (Torr. & Gray.}
Very common in many parts of Manitoba, especially around and a
little west of Brandon. {Macoun.} On the prairie south of Moose

262 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Mountain. (J. M. Macoun C.P.R Coll.) Fossil Coulee, Milk Eiver
Ridge and in the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)
Vicinity of Spence's Bridge on the Thompson Eiver, B.C. (Macoun
& Hill] Fort Selkirk, Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)
Crow Nest Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Top of Stuart Lake
Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.) Melville Island. (Gapt. Marleham.) Back's
Eiver and Gulf of Boothia. (Back.) Between the Coppermine Eiver
and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31' west. Vicinity of
Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°. (Dease.) Upernavik, Lat. 73°. (Dr. Kane.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.) The mountain specimens referred
here are very woolly in every part and are altogether unlike the
alpina of the plains, being covered with white wool, instead of a
yellowish crisped or glandular pubescens which is found on all speci-
men of our prairie alpina.

(1223.) A. obtusifolia, Less.

Shumagin Islands. (Harrington.) Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1224.) A. Unalaschkensis, Less.

Aleutian Islands, and Behrings Island. (Gray.) Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.)

(1225.) A. Sachalinensis, Gray.
On the Island of Sachalin off the coast of Alaska. (Gray.)

316. CROCIDIUM, Hook.

(1226.) C. multicaule, Hook.

On grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Dawson.)

317. ERECHTITES, Raf. (FIRE-WEED.)

(1227.) E. hieracifolia, Eaf. Fire-weed.

Senecio hieracifolius, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 332.

Moist places in recently burned clearings. Very common through-
out Newfoundland and Canada, and extending west to the Saskatchewan.

318. SENECIO, Linn. (GROUNDSEL.)

(1228.) S. VlllgariS, Linn. Common Groundsel.
Waste and cultivated grounds, especially gardens. Very common

CATALOGTE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 263

in the Maritime provinces and apparently spreading. Newfoundland,
Labrador and Hudson Bay. (Hooker.) Not abundant in Ontario, but
occasionally met with. Common in British Columbia. (Macoun &
Fletcher.}

(1229.) S. viscosus, Linn. (Stinking Groundsel.)

Abundant and naturalized along the Intercolonial Eailway in Nova
Scotia, especially at Truro, New Glasgow, and Pictou, (Macoun.)
Spreading at Shediac, Bathurst and other points, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Windsor Junction, N.S. (Lawson.)

(1230.) S. sylvaticus, Linn.
Of sparing occurrence in waste ground, Nova Scotia. (Gray.)

(1231.) S. palustris, Hook. Marsh Groundsel.

Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Ball.) ? Very doubtful.
From the Saskatchewan to the extreme Arctic islands. (Richardson.')
Bather common on the borders of saline marshes and lakes throughout
the western part of the prairie region and northward to Lake Atha-
basca. (Macoun.) Norton Sound, Kotzebue Sound, Wainright Inlet
and on the northern shore of Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) English River,
N.W.T. (Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. congesta, Hook. Fl. I., 334.

Chiefly in the Arctic regions. (Richardson.) Gulf of Boothia.
(Back) West of the Mackenzie River, along the coast. (Dease.)

(1232.) 8. Hooker! , Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 438.
S. integrifoliug, Hook. Fl. I., 335.

Woody country in Lat. 54° to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richard-
son.) Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°. (Drummond.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.) A specimen ticketed S. Hookeri from the Mackenzie
River is in McGill Coll. Herb. It is extremely like a small form of
S. Pseudo-Arnica. (Macoun.)

(1233.) S. megacephalus, Nutt.

Along Belly River. (Dawson.) Near the British boundary, Lat.
49°. (Lyall.)

(1234.) S. lugens, Richards.

Fort Confidence, Lat. 66°. (Dease.) Bloody Fall, Coppermine
River; also, from Fort Franklin to the coast. (Richardson.) Middle
branch of North Fork of Old Man River. (Dawson.) Bow River

264 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Pass, Rocky Mountains ; along the Fraser River above Boston Bar,
B.C. (Macoun.) West side of the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.)
Kotzebue Sound and Cape Good Hope, also Fort Youcon. (Rothr.
Alask.)

Yar. exaltatus, Gray.

S. exaltatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 439.

Crow Nest Pass, east of the Lake ; also, western summit of North
Kootanie Pass. Summit of Cascade Mountains near Hope, B. C.
(Dawson.) On the Lower Fraser near New Westminster, B.C. (Hill.)

(1235.) S. integerrimus, Nutt.

On limestone rocks, Narrows of Lake Manitoba ; on the prairie
around Brandon, vicinity of Spy Hill and on the Souris Plain near the
Dirt Hills and in Bow River Pass. (Macoun.) On the Souris Plain
for 40 miles west of Moose Mountain Creek. (J. M. Macoun 0. P. R.
Coll.)

(1236.) S. amplectens, Gray.

South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Said by Eaton to
be an extreme form of this species.

(1237.) S. aureus, Linn.

This species runs into numerous forms which pass into each other
by insensible degrees. Under various varietal names it ranges, from
the Atlantic to the Pacific.

S. aureus, Linn. (Typical.)
S. gradlis, Pursh Fl. II., 529.

Radical leaves orbicular or roundish ovate, mostly cordate, crenate,
serrate, petioled. Chiefly in swamps or wet meadows. Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Abundant in New Brunswick (no forms mentioned.)
(Fowler's Cat.) Restigouche, N.B. (Chalmers.) Swamps and sandy
woods along the Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspe"; in Perry's swamp
near Hilton, Brighton Township, Northumberland Co.; near Amherst-
burgh on Lake Erie, and 20 miles up the Kaministiquia River, west of
Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Swamps, London, Ont., also at Emerson
on the Red River. (Burgess.) Throughout Canada to the Arctic
Circle and from Newfoundland and Labrador to the Rocky Mountains
and the Pacific. (Hooker.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; Flat
Head River, B.C. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 265

Yar. obovatus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 442.

S. aurem /?. gradlis, Hook. Fl. I., 333.

S. obovatus, Pursh FL H, 529.

S. Elliottii, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 443.

Radical leaves varying from roundish-obovate to oblong-spatulate.
This form has a very wide range and extends westward to the Chilcoten
River in British Columbia. Frequent in Nova Scotia, Windsor Junc-
tion and Pictou. (Lawson & McKay.) Various points in Quebec and
along the Gasp6 coast ; also, Ontario and throughout the prairie region
to the Chilcoten River. (Dawson.)

Var. borealis, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 442.

S. aureus, Hook. Fl. 1 , 333, in part.

Radical leaves thickish, mostly crenulate-toothed at the apex only.
North-west angle of the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) Crow Nest
Pass, Rocky Mountains ; also on Cascade Mountains east of Hope, B.C.
(Dawson.) Valley of the Buonaparte, and near Clinton, B.C. (Macoun.)
Labrador to British Columbia. (Gray.}

Var. cliscoideus, Hook. Fl. I.. 333.

Rays wanting. Leaves of various forms. Labrador. (Pursh.)
River Ste. Anne des Monts, Gaspe", and in sand on the margin of rivers
in the prairie region. (Macoun.) Mackenzie River. (Richardson.}
Along the Lower Fraser, B.C. (Cowley.)

Var. Balsamitee, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 442.

S. Balsamitse, Muhl. Hook. Fl. I., 332.
S. pauperculus, Michx. Fl. II., 120.

Radical leaves, oval, oblong, spatulate and lanceolate. Achenia
smooth or strigose puberulent. Common on rocks or sand. River de
Brig, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Rocky shores
of the Kennebeccasis, N.B. (Hay.) Various places in Quebec and
Ontario, and westward to British Columbia. All the specimens
examined have perfectly smooth achenia, except those collected on
sand hills near Fort Ellice and on Boss Hill sand ridges west of Bran-
don, Manitoba. (Macoun.)

Var. lanceolatus, Oakes. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 442.

This form has thin, lanceolate-oblong, radical leaves on long petioles.
It is quite common in ditches and marshy places in many parts of
Nova Scotia, especially between Truro and Windsor Junction, and on
the South Eastern Railway between New Glasgow and the Gut of
Canso. (Macoun.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Hartland, Carleton Co.,
N.B. (Hay.)

266 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Var. subnudus, Gray.

S. subnudus, DC. Prodr. VI., 428.
& Cymbalaria, Pursh Fl. II., 530. (?)

Wet ground on mountains, Wyoming to British Columbia. The
most depauperate form. (Gray.}

(1238.) S. canus, Hook.

Cineraria integrifolia /3. minor, Pursh Fl. II., 528.

Banks of the Saskatchewan, rare. (Drummond.) Very abundant
on many parts of the prairie region from the eastern part of Manitoba
to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the Souris Plain south of
Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun 0. P. R. Coll..} White Mud River,
49th parallel, and Fossil Coulee, Milk River Ridge. (Dawson.)

Var. ft. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 443.

Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd, vide Hooker.') Abundant in the vicinity
of Spy Hill, west of Fort Ellice, Man. (Macoun.} Probably common
on the prairies.

(1239.) S. Fremont!, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 445.

On the Rocky Mountains in Lat. 49°. (Lyall.) In the South
Kootanie Pass at an altitude of 6,500 feet. (Dawson.)

(1240.) S. eremophilus, Richards.

Woods of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} On the gravelly banks
of Cedar Lake, Lat. 54°, and thence to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) Common from the Cypress Hills, in thickets
and in river valleys westward to the Rocky Mountains and northward
to Lake Athabasca, Lat. 59°. (Macoun.) Qu'Appelle Valley at the
Police Station. (J. M. Macoun C.P.R. Coll.}

(1241.) S. Jacobsea, Linn. Common Ragwort.

Introduced. Very abundant along the Pictou and Truro Railway,
especially in the cuttings between New Glasgow and Pictou, N.S.
(Macoun.) Pictou and vicinity, a pernicious weed supposed to be
injurious to cattle, N. S. (McKay.) Whycocomah, Cape Breton.
(Lindsay.) Spreading rapidly at Newcastle and Miramichi, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Growing along the roadside near Burlington (Welling-
ton Square), Ont. (Burgess.) This is evidently the S. palustris of
Buchan's List in Canadian Journal.

CATALOGUE OF CANAD

(1242.) S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less.

Arnica maritima, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 528.

A. Doronicum, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 331.

A. (?) maritima, Willd. Hook. Fl. I., 331.

Newfoundland and Labrador, (Hooker.'} Very abundant on gravel
beaches along the coasts of Anticosti and Gaspe", and growing from a
few inches to five feet high and with from one to sixteen large flowers
in a corymb. (Macoun.) Coast of Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
North-west Coast. (Nelson.) Common on the western shore of A laska ;
also on Chamisso Island. (Rothr. Alask.) Along the coast of Van-
couver Island. (Meehan.)

(1243.) S. resedifolius, Less.

On the Eocky Mountains in the South Kootanie Pass at 6,500 feet,
altitude ; also, western summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)
On limestone at the mouth of Bear Lake River, and about Fort Norman
and Fort Franklin. (Richardson.') Cape Lisburne and Kotzebue
Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

V.-ir. Columbiensis, Gray.

Mucklung River, British Columbia. (Mrs. Mackay.)

(1244.) S. frigidus, Less. Hook. Fl. I., 334.

Newfoundland (?) and Labrador. (Gray.) Barren country from
Lat. 64° to the shores of the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
West of the Mackenzie River along the coast. (Dease.) Beechy
Lake, Back's Great Fish River. (Anderson.)

(1245.) S. triangularis, Hook.

S. longidentatus, DC. Prodr. VI., 428.

Moist prairies among the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) House
Mountain, west of Little Slave Lake. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains,
at an altitude of 6,000 feet, on the 49th parallel ; Michell Creek, Crow
Nest Pass. (Dawson.) Sitka and Eschscholtz Bay. (Rothr. Alask.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)

(1246.) S. - - ?

A small specimen in general appearance like S. resedifolius was
gathered in the South Kootanie Pass by Dr. G. M. Dawson. It differs
from the above species by having the lower part of the stem covered
with white tomentum as well as the under side of the leaves which are
almost pinnatifid. Better specimens are required before it can be
satisfactorily determined.

268 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1247.) S. hydrophilus, Nutt.

.In water or very wet ground, especially in brackish water, Montana
to British Columbia. (Gray.')

319. CACALIA, Linn. (INDIAN PLANTAIN.)
(1248) C. atriplicifolia, Linn.

Senecio atriplicifolius, Hook. Fl. L, 332.

Canada. (Cleghorn vide Hooker.) Moist woodland, western Ontario.
(Ton. & Gray.} Not collected recently.

(1249.) C. tuberosa, Nutt. ,

Marsh at the head of Chicken Bay, Lake Huron, Bruce Peninsula.
(Macoun.)

Excluded Species.

Cacalia suaveolens, Linn, reported from Windsor, N.S., is Erechtites
hieracifolia, Eaf.

320. TETRADYMI A, DC.

(1250.) T. canescens, DC.

Hills and plains, along with Artemisia tridentata, N. Wyoming and
British Columbia. (Gray.)

321. Arctium, Linn. (BURDOCK.)

(1251.) A. Lap pa, Linn. Common Burdock.

Lappa major, Gasrtn. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 463.

L. officinalis, All. var. major, Gray, Manual, page 275. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1071.

Naturalized throughout the settled parts of the country and becoming
a pest on vacant lots in towns and cities. In the country places it is
seen in too great profusion about farm houses.

Var. tomentosum, Gray.

Collected at Morrison's Mill, Fredericton ; also, abundant at Eich-
mond, Carleton Co., N.B. ( Vroom.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 269

Var. minus, Gray. Lessor Burdock.

Pictou, N.S. {McKay.} A form which probably belongs here was
found in some abundance at the railway station, Digby, N.S. {Macoun.)

322. CARDUUS, Tourn. (PLUMELESS THISTLE.)

(1252.) C. nutans, Linn. Musk Thistle.
Spreading from ballast at Chatham, N.B. {Fowler's Cat.}

(1253.) C. crispus, Linn. Welted Thistle.

Introduced, but scarcely naturalized. Sparingly in the streets of
South Sidney, Cape Breton ; and on ballast heaps at Pictou, N. S.
(Macoun.) West side of Courtenay Bay, city of St. John, N. B.
Apparently naturalized. {Hay.}

323. CNICUS, Vaill. (COMMON OR PLUMED THISTLE.)

(1254.) C. lanceolatus, Hoffm. Common Eoadside Thistle.

Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1066.

Naturalized in pastures and along roadsides throughout Canada.
Very abundant along the margin of woods and in half-cleared lands, in
Ontario. Victoria, Vancouver Island. {Fletcher.)

(1255.) C. Pitcheri, Torr.

Cirsium Pitcfieri, Torr. & Gray. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun's

Cat., No. 1067.
Borders of fields near Fort William, Thunder Bay. {Macoun.)

(1256.) C. undulatus, Gray. Western Prairie Thistle.

Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. Gray Manual, page 273. Macoun's Cat.,

No. 1065.
C. Hookerianum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 457.

Abundant on the western prairies from Manitoba to the Rocky
Mountains and northward to the limits of the prairie. {Macoun.)
Banks of the Saskatchewan. {Drummond.) Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel, at Garrett's Eanche, Old Man River, N.W.T. ; also, Kootanie
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. {Fletcher.}

(1257.) C. pumilus, Torr. (?)

Cirsium pumilum, Spreng. Gray, Manual, page 274.
This form is apparently quite distinct from C. undulatus, as it is

270 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

pubescent, not tomentose, with wide, crisped hairs on the stem, sparsely
so on the upper side and very slightly below, except on the veins. Its
leaves are undulate, but not pinnatifid and the margin is thickly covered
with weak spines. Stem one flowered; flower purple, inner bracts an
inch arid a quarter long with broad tips having scarious or ciliate
margins, these bracts are thickly covered with minute glands which
give a powdery appearance to them. In general appearance the two
forms have no resemblance whatever.

(1258.) C. altissimus, Willd. var. discolor, Gray.

Cirsium discolor, Spreng. Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun's Cat.,
Nos. 1060 and 1068.

Dry fields and thickets not common. Bank of the St. Lawrence
Eiver three miles west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Meadows and
thickets at Belleville and Castleton, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippewa and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
English's Woods, not uncommon, London, Ont. (Saunders.) Abundant
in many places along the Great Western Railway, between Sarnia and
Hamilton. (Macoun.)

(1259.) C. muticus, Pursh.

Carduus muticus, Nutt. Hook. Fl. I., 302.

Cirsium muticum, Michx- Gray, Manual, page 273. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1061.

Common in swamps. Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia, New
Bruswick and westward to the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Specimens
from Anticosti and the Shickshock Mountains are different in habit
from the western ones and agree with the 0. glutinosa of Bigelow.

(1260.) C. Drummondii, Gray.

Carduus pumilus, Hook. Fl. I., 302.

Cirsium Drummondii, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 459. Macoun's Cat, No. 1064.

Banks of the Saskatchewan and prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Prom Fort Franklin, Lat. 66° to the Saskatchewan.
(Gray.} From the head of Lake Winnipegoosis, westward throughout
the wooded and mixed prairie country to the Rocky Mountains and
Peace River. (Macoun.)

Var. acaulescens, Gray.

Cirsium acaule, var. Americanum, Gray. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863.

Along the North Saskatchewan west of Fort Pitt; also on the prairie
30 miles south east of Battleford. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 271

(1261.) C. foliosus, Gray.

Carduusfoliosus, Hook. Fl. I., 303.

Cirsium foliosum, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 461. Macoun's Cat, No.
1063.

Prairies of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) South Kootanie
Pass, 49th parallel ; also, North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)

(1262.) C. arvensiS, Pursh. Canada Thistle.
Carduus arvensis, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 302.

Cirsium arvense, Scop. Gray, Manual, page 274. Macoun's Cat., No.-
1062.

Naturalized throughout the country and become a pestilent weed on
all badly cultivated farms. Many country roads in Ontario are almost
impassable in summer owing to the prevalence of this pest.

(1263.) C. Hookerianus, Gray.

Carduus discolor, var. fl. albis, Hook. Fl. I., 302.

Upper wooded and sub-alpine region of the Rocky Mountains, north
of Lat. 49°. (Douglas & Bourgeau.) At the base of the high lime-
stone cliffs at the entrance to Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)

(1264.) C. eduliS, Gray.

Wet or shady places, along the southern boundary of British
Columbia. (Gray.)

(1265.) C. Kamtschaticus, Maxim.

Cirsium Kamtschaticum, Ledeb. DC. Prodr. VI., 644.
Atkha, one of the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)

324. ONOPORDON, Vaill. (SCOTCH THISTLE.)

(1266.) O. acanthium, Linn.

Waste grounds generally escaped from gardens. Pictou, N". S.
(McKay.) Buctouche and Bass River, N.B. Rare. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of St. Thomas, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.)

325. SAUSSUREA, DC.

(1267.) S. alpina, DC. Hook. Fl. I., 303, in part.

S. monticola, Richards. Hook. Fl. I., 303.
Elevated parts of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eastern

272 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

summit of the North Kootanie Pass. (Daiuson.) Rocky Mountains,
Bow River Pass. (Jfourgeau.)

Var. Ledebouri, Gray.

S. subsiniMta, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Alt, 60.
S. alpina var. remotifolia, Hook. Fl. L, 303.

North of the Saskatchewan to Bear Lake and northward to the
Arctic Sea ; also on the Copper Mountains, in grassy plains, Lat. 6*7°,
and on the coast between the Mackenzie River and Coppermine.
(Richardson.') Kotzebue Sound, and from Point Barrow to the
Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.) Beechy Lake, Back's Great Fish
River. (Anderson.*)

326. CENTAUREA, Linn. (STAR THISTLE.)

(1268.) C. nigra, Linn. Knap-weed.

Naturalized in meadows and pastures eastward. Abundant in Nova
Scotia, and New Brunswick and in eastern Quebec. University Park,
Toronto. (Macoun.)

(1269.) C. cyanus, Linn. Bluebottle.

Escaped from gardens into fields and waste places at Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) In wheat fields, Ottawa. (Fletcher.*)

(1270.) C. benedicta, Linn. Blessed Thistle.

Cnicus benedictus, Linn. Gray, Manual, page 274. Macoun's Cat., No.
1059.

Bass River, N.B. Escaped from gardens. (Fowler's Cat.) West
Point River, N.S. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

327. CICHORIUM, Tourn. (SUCCORY, ENDIVE.)

(1271.) C. Intybus, Linn. Chiccory.

Old fields and roadsides, naturalized in the province of Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and especially in Quebec. Becoming frequent along
railways, and in towns and villages in Ontario. Victoria, B. C.
(Fletcher.)

328. MICROSERIS, Don.

(1272.) M. Bigelovii, Gray.

Depauperate specimens collected on dry gravelly soil near Victoria,
Vancouver Island, are referred here. Mr. Watson, curator of Dr.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 273

Gray's Herbarium is dou-btful of them. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Vic-
toria. Vancouver Island. (Meehan.}

(12*73.) M. nutans, Gray.

Wet grassy grounds, borders of British Columbia and Montana.
(Gray.}

329. KRICIA, Schreb. (KRIGIA.)
(12T4.) K. amplexicaulis, Nutt.

Cynthia Virginica, Don. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 469. Macoun's Cat.,

No. 1075.
Hyoseris amplexicavlis, Michx. Fl. II., 87.

Damp grassy thickets around Amherstburg, Out. (Macoun.} Maiden,
and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.} Near Lake Winnipeg,
(Dr. Houghton.}

(1275.) K. Virginica, Willd.

K. leptophylla, DC. Prodr. VII.-, 88.
Hyoseris Virginica, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 88.

Sandy ground, western Ontario. (Gray.}

330. LAMPSANA, Tourn. i NIPPLE-WORT. >

(1276.) L. communis, Linn.

Spontaneous in a few localities but scarcely naturalized. Vicinity
of Montreal. (Maclagan.} Belo3il Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.}
In streets and gardens, Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Along a public
road near Norwood, Peterboro' Co. ; border of a spring, Royston Park,
Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.} In the vicinity of Dundas, Ont.,
where it is a common roadside weed. (Burgess.} Vicinity of Port
Moody, B.C. (Hill.}

331. CREPIS, Linn.

(1277.) C. occidental is, Nutt.

Foot Hills of the Rocky Mountains, Pincher Creek ; and Kootanie
Valley, near Wild Horse Creek. (Dawson.}

Var. Nevadensis, Kellogg.

On dry gravelly slopes, Spence's Bridge, Thompson River, B.C.
(Macoun.} From Jackass Mountain to Cache Creek, B.C. (Fletcher
& Hill.}
6

2*74 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. crinita, Gray. Bot. Calif.

Foot Hills of the Eocky Mountains on Pincher Creek, and on the
slopes of Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1278.) C. intermedia, Gray.

C. acuminata, var. gracilis, Macoun's Cat., No. 1098.

Spence's Bridge, Thompson Eiver, B.C. (Macoun.} Slopes of Nicola
Valley, B.C. (Dawson.} From Lytton to Spence's Bridge along the
Thompson Eiver, B.C. (Fletcher.}

(1279.) C. glauca, Torr. & Gray.

Borders of saline lakes and in brackish marshes from Fort Ellice
westward, especially to the west of the Touchwood Hills. (Macoun.}

(1280.) C. runcinata, Torr. & Gray.

C- Uennis, /J. Hook. Fl. I., 297, not Linn.
Hieracium venosum, L. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 365.

Saskatchewan to the prairies of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.}
Abundant from Manitoba westward to the Eocky Mountains through-
out the prairie region on saline soil ; also abundant around salt springs
at the head of Lake Winnipegoosis, on Eed Deer Eiver, Lat. 53°.
(Macoun.} Eed Eiver prairie and Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.} Abundant on saline soil at Moose Mountain Creek. (J. M.
Macoun C. P. R. Coll.}

(1281.) C. elegans, Hook.

On shingle in the Bow Eiver Pass and on gravel along the Bow Eiver ;
also on gravel beaches of the Peace Eiver, east of the mountains,
Lat. 56°. (Macoun.} South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; on gravel
along the Wigwam Eiver, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.} " Battures"
of the Assiniboine Eiver. (Drummond.} This must be a misprint for
" Battures " of the Athabasca, as the former river has no " Battures "
(gravel beds extending into the river) while the latter has, near Jasper
House where Drummond was collecting.

(1282.) C. nana, Eichards.

Barkhauda nana, DC. Prodr. VII., 156.

Barren grounds from Lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea and islands.
(Richardson.} On the slaty debris of the Eocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.}

(1283.) C. virens, Linn.
On ballast St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Introduced.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 275

332. HIERACIUM, Linn. (HAWKWEED.)

(1284.) H. Pilosella, Linn. Mouse Ear Hawkweed.

Dry sandy soil. Introduced into meadows near London, Ont.
(Burgess.)

(1285.) H. murorum, Linn.

Apparently introduced in the Province of Quebec. (Gray.) Within
the limits of the city of Quebec. (Fletcher.)

(1286.) H. vulgatum, Fries.

H. molle, Pursh. Fl. II., 503, not Jacq.

H. sylvaticum, Schlecht. Hook. Fl. I., 299.

Labrador. (Kolmeister.) Frequent along river margins on Anti-
costi, and along the Gasp£ coast from Cape Rosier to Matane ; also on
the heights of Point Levis. (Macoun.~) Point Levis. (Shepperd.) It is
probable that this species is common on both sides of the Lower St.
Lawrence and along the shores of the gulf. It is certainly indigenous.

(1287.) H. umbellatum, Linn.

H. Canadense, Michx. Var. angustifolium, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 476,
in part.

Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.) Apparently
extending from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Pacific. River
margins, Anticosti, common along the Gaspe coast ; from Mani-
toba to the Rocky Mountains and north to the Peace River, Lat. 56°.
(Macoun.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (ft. Bell.) Vicinity of
Dunvogan, Peace River, Lat. 56° ; Kit-a-man River, Kootanie Valley,
Rocky Mountains ; Chilcoten River, B.C. (Dawson.) From the Lower
Fraser to Lytton B. C. (Fletcher.) From Lake Huron to Fort
Franklin on the Mackenzie River in Lat. 66°, abundant. (Hooker.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1288.) H. Canadense, Michx.

H. prenanthoides, Hook. Fl. I., 300, not Vill.

H. virgatum, fasciculatum, and macrophyllum, Pursh. Fl. II., 504.

River banks and in thickets frequent in Ontario. Halifax, N.S.
(Sommers.) Rather rare in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Common
throughout Quebec and Ontario. The limits of this and the above
species are not very well defined, but it is quite evident that there are
two distinct forms. The Ontario one being H. Canadense as generally
recognized ; while the other, if not, H. umbellatum closely approaches
that species.

276 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1289.) H. scabrum, Michx.

H. Gronovii, p. Hook. Fl. L, 300.

Dry sandy or rocky ground. Apparently common in Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, extending to Lake Superior and
Lake Nipigon.

(1290.) H. Gronovii, Linn.

Rare in western Ontario, on dry sandy soil. Ancaster, near Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.} Rare at London. (Saunders.} Dry sandy woods
near London. (Burgess.) Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.} Lake Huron.
(Dr. Todd.)

(1291.) H. longipilum, Tori.

Open woods. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.~) Islands in the
River St. Clair near Lake Huron. (Hooker.}

(1292.) H. venosum, Linn. Rattlesnake- weed.

Dry sandy soil. Vicinity of Niagara Falls in rich sandy woods and
in woods at Point Edward, near Sarnia ; abundant at Point-aux-Pins,
at the entrance to Lake Superior. (MacounJ) Niagara River and
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

(1293.) H. paniculatum, Linn.

Papineau wood near Montreal. (Dr. Holmes.} Beloeil Mountain,
and Lundy's Lane, near Niagara. (Maclagan.*) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logic.)

(1294.) H. Scouleri, Hook.

On grassy slopes, Kit-a-man River, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) By the Skuzzie River above Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)

(1295.) H. triste, Cham.
Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)

(1296.) H. gracile, Hook.

H. triste, in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 478. Macoun's Cat. No. 1080.

If. arcticum, Frcel. DC. Prodr. VII., 209.

On the more elevated Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass ; Klootch-oot-a Lake and Tsi-tse Lake, Upper Blackwater River,
B. C. (Dawson.) Elevated country near McLeod's Lake, Lat. 55°,
B.C. (Macoun.) Ounalashka and Norton Sound. (Eothr. Alask.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 277

Var. detonsum, Gray.

Mountains of British Columbia. (6rray.)

(1297.) H. albiflorum, Hook.

H. Vancouverianum, Arvet-Touvet. Spicil. Hier., 10.

Alpine woods in the Rocky Mountains, north of Smoky River, Lat.
56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains, 6,000 feet altitude, 49th paral-
lel ; Little Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Dowson.) Cascade mountains along
the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Lyall.*)

333. LEONTODON, Linn. (FALL DANDELION.)

(1298.) L. autumnalis, Linn.

Apargia autumnalis, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 497.
Oporinia autumnalis, Don. DC. Prodr. VII., 108.

Naturalized and becoming abundant in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Quebec. Normal School grounds, Toronto.
(Macoun.') Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PZ.)

334. APARCIDIUM, Torr. & Cray.

(1299.) A. boreale, Torr. & Gray.

Leontodon boreale, DC. Prodr. VII., 102.
Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.} "Wet meadows and bogs, Alaskan Islands.

335. TROXIMON, Nutt. (TROXIMON.)

(1300.) T. cuspidatum, Pursh.

Rather rare or possibly confounded with the next. From Fort
Ellice westward to the Bow River. (Macoun.') Milk River and Fort
McLeod, N.T.W. (Dawson.}

(1301.) T. glaucum, Nutt.

Macrorhynchus glaucus, Eaton, Bot. King Exp., 204. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1100.

This species in various forms extends from Manitoba through the
Rocky Mountains to the coast of the Pacific. The following attempt
to limit the forms may or may not be strictly correct, but it tends to
place them in groups for further study.

278 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. parviflorum, Gray.

T. parviflorum, Nutt Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 490.
T. glaucum, p. Hook. Fl. L, 300.

Involucre glabrous. Leaves lanceolate linear, generally entire,
sometimes slightly hairy, near the base. Vicinity of Fort Ellice and
west of the Touchwood Hills. (Macoun.) Belly Eiver near Fort
McLeod and Fossil Coule'e, Milk Eiver Eidge. (Dawson.) Along the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

Var. dasycephalum, Torr. & Gray.

T. glaucum, yar. a. Hook. Fl. I., 300. ,

Ammogeton scorzonercefolium, Schrad. DC. Prodr. VII., 98.

On dry prairies from Lat. 49° northward to the Arctic Coast. Sas-
katchewan and prairies of the Eocky Mountains to the Arctic Coast.
(Richardson?) Abundant around Morley, Bow Eiver, and eastward to
he Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass, and common in
the mountains and Foot Hills from Lat. 49° to Bow Eiver ; also on the
Chilcoten Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.} West of McLeod's Lake, Lat. 55°,
B.C. (Macoun.}

Var. taraxacifolium, Gray.

This variety seems to be intermediate between the other two forms,
as it has laciniate leaves and a pubescent involucre. On dry gravelly
soil close to Fort Ellice, Man. (Macoun.*)

(1302.) T. aurantiacum, Hook.

Macrorhynchus troximoides, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 491. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1102.

Alpine prairies of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

(1303.) T. humile, Gray.

Specimens approaching this species were gathered at Victoria in
May, 18*75, but referred to T. heterophyllus, Nutt. They are identical
with Hall's, No. 317, from Oregon, but quite distinct from T. Ghilense
No. 143, of Suksdorf, which is now considered a synonym of the former.

(1304.) T. laciniatum, Gray.

Macrorhynchus latiniatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 492.

On dry gravelly soil near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Fletcher'} Small specimen from Vancouver Island collected by Lyall.
(Gray.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 279

(1305.) T. grand iflorum, Gray.

Macrorhynchus grandiftorus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 492. Macoun's

Cat., No. 1103.
Along the Thompson Eiver near Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1306.) T. heterophyllum, Greene.

Macrorhynchus heterophyllus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 493. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1101.

Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher!)

(1307.) T. gracilens, Gray.

South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; Foot Hills between the Forks
of the Old Man River, Iroquois Creek, Pine Pass, Lat. 55° ; Flat Head
River ; Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Dry places on the Fraser
above Boston Bar, B.C. (Fletcher.) Cascade mountains, Lat. 49°.
(Lyall.)

336. TARAXACUM, Hall. (DANDELION.)

(1308.) T. officinale, Weber.

T. Dens-leonis, Desf. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 494. Macoun's Cat., No. 1090.
Leontodon Taraxacum, Hook. Fl. I., 296.

Completely naturalized throughout Canada, and found wherever
settlers have penetrated. The indigenous forms are arranged and
characterized by Dr. Gray as below.

Var. alpinum, Koch.

Taraxacum latilobum, DC. Prodr. VII., 494 (?)

Outer involucral bracts ovate to broadly lanceolate, spreading, none
conspicuously corniculate. Not uncommon along the Labrador coast,
flowers usually very large. (W. A. Stearns.) Common in grassy
places on Anticosti, and on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock
Mountains, Gaspe". In cool copses near Fort Ellice, Man., and north-
westward in the wooded country to and beyond the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Labrador to British Columbia. (Gray.)

Var. glaucescens, Koch.

Taraxacum ceratophorum, DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 495.

Outer involucral bracts lanceolate to linear, loosely erect or spreading,
inner ones and sometimes outer with a corniculate appendage below
the tip, Ounalashka and Norton Sound. (Eothr. Ala&k.) Greenland.

280 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

{Hook. Arct. PL) Specimens from the Rocky Mountains and British
Columbia seem to belong here, as they have the corniculate appendage
below the tip and glaucescent leaves. South Kootanie Pass, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.} Crossing of the Blackwater River, Northern
British Columbia. (Macoun.}

Yar. lividum, Koch.

Taraxacumpalustre,~DC. Macoun's Cat., No. 1091.
Leontodon palustre, Smith. Hook. Fl. I., 296.

Outer involucral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, all apt to be dark-
colored in drying, obscurely or not at all corniculate. Western summit
of the North Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° 30°. ' (Dawson.} Cariboo Moun-
tains, B.C. (Cowley.} Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.}
Arctic Coast and islands, and the Aleutian Islands, in various forms.
(Gray.} Westernholme and below Bedevilled Beach, Lat. YG-TS". (Dr.
Kane.} On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis Strait, and on Melville
Island. (Capt. Markham.}

337. LACTUCA, Linn. (LETTUCE.)

(1309.) L. Canadensis, Linn. Wild Lettuce.

L. clongata, Muhl. Hook. Fl. I., 296.
L.longifolia, Michx. Fl. II., 85.

Rich soil in damp thickets. Quite common from Anticosti to thickets
in the western prairie region.

(1310.) L. integrifolia, Bigel.

L. elongata, var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 496.

Leaves glabrous all undivided generally entire. Norton, N.B. (Hay.}
Dry sterile soil at Kingston, N.S. ; in the vicinity of Belleville ; also
on hill sides, North Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.'} On dry soil,
vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher.} Neighborhood of London, Ont.
(Burgess.}

(1311.) L. hirsuta, Muhl.

L. elongata, var. sanguined, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 496.

Leaves often ciliate on the margin and always hirsute on the midrib
below. Dry sandy woods east of Belleville, Ont., and abundant on
sterile soil, Rice Lake Plains. (Macoun.} Sandy fields, London, Ont.
(Burgess.} Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 281

(1312.) L. pulchella, DC.

Mulgedium pulchellurn, Nutt. Torr. & Gray.Fl. II., 497. Macoun's Cat.,

No. 1104.

M. acuminatum, DC. Dawson Bound. Comissioner's Report, page 365.
Sonchus puichellm, Pursh. Fl. II., 502.
S. Sibirwus, Hook. Fl. L, 293.

From Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Throughout the whole central
part of British North America to Fort Franklin in I/at. 66°. (Richard-
son & Drummond.) From the Lake of the Woods westwards to the
Eocky Mountains and northwards to Peace Eiver and Lake Athabasca*
(Macoun.) From Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel, to the valleys of the
Rocky Mountains, and interior of British Columbia. (Dawson.) From
Spence's Bridge on the Thompson River to Cache Creek, B. C.
(Fletcher & Hill.) Point Barrow to Mackenzie River. (Eothr. Alask.)

(1313.) L. Floridana, Grortn.

Mulgedium Floridanum, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 498.
Sonchus Floridanus, Linn. Pursh. Fl. II., 501.

Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)

(1314.) L. leucophaea, Gray.

Mulgedium leucophseum, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 499. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1105.

Low, rich soil generally beside small brooks. Newfoundland. (Torr.
& Gray.} Frequent on southern part of Anticosti and Gasp£ coast.
(Macoun.) Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Low, wet grounds rather common,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q. (McGill
Coll. Herb.} Common about clearings and open places, River Rouge,
Q. (D1 'Urban.) Mount Johnstone, near Lachine, Q. (Maclagan.)
Frequent in central Ontario ; north shore of Lake Superior, and in
damp thickets from the Lake of the "Woods westward to British
Columbia. (Macoun.) Easily distinguished from L. Canadensis by its
sordid pappus.

(1315.) L. sativa, Linn. Garden Lettuce.

Frequent on waste heaps and in corners of gardens, but never remain-
ing more than a year or two. Apparently naturalized at Hamilton,
Ont. (JBufhan.)

282 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

338. PRENANTHES, Linn. (RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.)

(1316.) P. alba, Linn. White Lettuce.

P. rubricunda, Pursh. Fl. II., 449.

Nabalus albus, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 480. Macoun's Cat., No. 1085.

Open grounds and borders of woods. Newfoundland. (Cormack.}
Apparently common throughout the country from the Atlantic pro-
vinces and Anticosti to the woods along the Saskatchewan. It is
probable that many of the eastern stations refer to the next species as
all our Gulf specimens certainly do.

(1317.) P. serpentaria, Pursh. Fl. II., 499. Eattlesnake Boot.

Nabalus albus, var. serpentaria, Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 480.
N. Fraseri, DC. Torr. & Gray FL II., 481,

Newfoundland. (Cormack.} Shore of Anticosti, at Salt Lake, and
south westerly to "West Point ; also on the cliffs along the Gasp6 coast
at Biviere Pierce. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Quebec and at Sillery, Q.
(Shepperd.} Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.} Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess,} All the stem leaves are petioled in this species.

Var. nana, Gray.

Nabalus nanus, DC. Torr. & Gray Fl. II., 482.

On exposed rocky points and mountain tops. Close to the sea at
the "Bake Apple Bog," Sydney Mines, Cape Breton; on exposed peaty
soil at South-West Point Lighthouse, Anticosti ; also on the summit of
Mount Albert, one of the Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe". (Macoun.}
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay?)

(1318.) P. altissima, Linn. Tall White Lettuce.

Nabalus altissimus, HOOK. FL I., 294. Macoun's Cat., No. 1087.

Newfoundland. (Cormack.} This species seems to have nearly the
same range as P. alba, but prefers a drier habitat and becomes more
plentiful in western Ontario.

(1319.) P. racemosa, Michx. Fl. II., 84.

Nabalus racemosus, Hook. FL I., 294. Macoun's Cat, No. 1086.

Common on Anticosti and at Sydney mines, Cape Breton ; also at
the mouth of the Restigouche, opposite Campbellton, N.B. (Macoun.}
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.} At the mouth of the Kennebeccasis,
in crevices of rocks, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Montreal and St. John's,
Q. (Maclagan.} St. Helen's Island, Montreal. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 283

Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Shores of Lake Huron along the Bruce
Peninsula, north shore of Lake Superior and westward on damp prairie
and in thickets to Edmonton on the Saskatchewan. (Macoun.) Turtle
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.}

(1320.) P. alata, Gray.

Nabalus alatus, Hook. Fl. I., 294.

N. Boottii, DC. Var. Dawson's Boundary Commission Report, p. 365.

Observatory Inlet and northwest coast. (Scouler.*) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.) Ounalashka and
FortWrangel, and Sitka. (Meehan.)

Var. sagittata, Gray.

South Fork of Belly River, growing in thick
tanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.~)

339. SONCHUS, Linn. (SOW-THISTLE.)

(1321.) S. oleraceus, Linn. Common Sow-thistle.
S. titiatus, Lam. DC. Prodr. VIL, 185.

Waste places around dwellings and in gardens. Naturalized from
Newfoundland to Manitoba and British Columbia. Departure Bay,
Vancouver Island. (Meehan.')

(1322.) S. asper, Vill. Spiny Sow-thistle.
8. fallax, Wallroth. DC. Prodr. VIL, 185.

Commoner than the last arid found in company with it, but more
frequently in cultivated fields.

(1323.) S. arvensis, Linn.

Abundant along roadsides and in fields from Newfoundland through-
out the Maritime provinces and Quebec. Parliament Hill and other
places around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl, Ott.) Grounds of the Insane
Asylum, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

34O. LYCODESMIA, Don.

(1324.) L. juncea, Don. Hook. Fl. I., 295.

Prenanthes juncea, Pursh. Fl. II., 498.
Dry plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Dry, sandy or

284 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

gravelly hills from Pine Creek, Man., to Calgary. (Macoun.) Yery
common on dry soil, Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.}
Abundant from a little east of Turtle Mountain to the Foot Hills of
the Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1325.) L. rostrata, Nutt.

Growing in damp sand amongst the sand hills, five miles north of
" Big Stick Lake," north of Cypress Hills, close to a grove of Populus
monilifera. August 28th, 1880. (Macoun.)

341. TRACOPOCON, Linn. (GOAT'S BEARD, SALSIFY.)

(1326.) T. pratensis, Linn. Yellow Goat's Beard.

A weed in Todd's field, St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) In the church-
yard of the Prince's Street Church, Pictou, N.S. Growing luxuriantly
and completely naturalized. (McKay.') Along the railway track
near the St. Louis dam, Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)

(1327.) T. porrifolius, Linn. Salsify.

In the streets and waste places around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.}
Common on waste heaps and around market gardens, Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.} Yicinity of London, Ont., along the railway tracks.
(Burgess.} Vicinity of Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll Herb.}

342. STEPHANOMERIA, Nutt.
(1328.) S. minor, Nutt.

Lygodesmia minor, Hook. Fl. I., 205.

South of Wood Mountain, on a dry clay bank, 49th parallel. (Daw-
son.} In the dry interior of British Columbia along the Thompson
River. (Fletcher.)

343. HYPOCH/ERIS, Linn. (CAT'S EAR.)

(1329.) H. radicata, Linn. Long-rooted Cat's Ear.

Naturalized in the streets and vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.) It is probable that If. glabra is mixed with this
specie?, as small specimens seem to be of that species.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 285

Uh-named Species of Composites.

(1330.) A poor specimen of what may be Echinacea purpurea was
gathered on the shore of Lake Huron in July, 1871. Since then '
nothing like it has been seen. As the specimens are without rays and
very immature, nothing certain can be predicated of them.

(1331.) In August, 1883, Mr. James Fletcher picked up in the neighbor-
hood of Victoria, a small rayless composite, which at first sight might
be referred to Matricaria discoidea, but which differs very materially
from that species in many respects. It is evidently a denizen of ditches
and muddy places, but the specimens are too few and incomplete to
enable one to make a proper examination for their identification.
Lower leaves laciniate, upper ones much less so. The whole plant
quite smooth and branching at almost every leaf which sheaths both
stem and branch.

Lin. LOBELIACE^E. LOBELIA FAMILY.

344. LOBELIA, Linn. (LOBELIA.)

(1332.) L. cardinal is, Linn. Cardinal Flower.

Low swamps or marshy meadows and along streams. Low grounds
near St. Andrews, N.S. (Frown.) On Magaguadavic, Saint Croix,
and tributaries, N.B. (Matthew & Vroom.} From Quebec westward to
Owen Sound and north westward along the Georgian Bay. ( Macoun.)

(1333.) L. syphilitica, Linn. Great Blue Lobelia.

Low, wet meadows and borders of marshes. Bather local in Ontario
but frequent along the St. Lawrence and great lakes from Prescott to
"Owen Sound, and northward in the limestone districts. (Macoun.)

(1334.) L. Dortmanna, Linn. Water Lobelia.

A very remarkable species growing either in water or on the borders
of ponds and lakes. In a small lake at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Mahone Bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Ball.') Vicinity of
Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.) Shallow borders of ponds and lakes, rather
rare, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.") Near Lake Mistassini. (J. Richardson.'}
Very abundant in Twelve Mile Lake and the Bushkong Lakes, Victoria
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake Joseph, Muskoka. (Burgess.) Vermil-
lion Bay, C.P. K., with Subularia agnatria. (Fletcher.) Slave Lake,
English Kiver, and Portage la Loche, Lat. 57°. (Richardson.}

286 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1335.) L. spicata, Lam.

L. Claytoniana, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 30.

In meadows and pastures rather rare. In meadows on both sides of
the Bay of Quinte at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Prince's Island,
near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Islands in Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan.)
Great "Western Bailway Track east of London, Ont. (Sounders.}
Eed Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Strathroy. (McGill Coll. Herb.)
Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)

Tar. hirtella, Gray.

L, Claytoniana, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 30, in part.

On the Saskatchewan, apparently rare. (Drummond.) On the
prairie west of the Touchwood Hills and along the base of the Bran-
don Hills, Man. (Macoun.) Abundant on the Souris Plain, on the
borders of marshes. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Turtle Mountain,
Man. 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1336.) L. Kalmii, Linn. Kalm's Lobelia.

L. Nuttattii of Satmders's London List.
L. puberula of Logie's Hamilton List.

Wet, rocky banks on the margins of rivers and in marshes from
Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick throughout Quebec and
Ontario and westward to the Upper Columbia Valley. (Macoun.)
From Lake Huron, throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan and Hudson
Bay, and in saline marshes in Lat. 60° (Richardson.) Frequent in the
prairie region on saline marshy soil. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)

(1337.) L. inflata, Linn. Indian Tobacco.

On dry, sandy soil in meadows, pastures, and by roadsides. Frequent
throughout Canada from the Atlantic to Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and Hudson Bay. (Richardson.)

LIV. CAMPANULACE.E. CAMPANULA FAMILY.
345. SPECULARIA, Heister.

(1338.) S. perfoliata, A. DC. Venus' Looking-glass.

Campanula perfoliata, Linn. Pursh. Fl. I., 160.
C. amplexicavlis, Michx. Fl. I., 108.

Open gravelly or sandy soil and barren spots. On Taylor's Hill,
Belleville, and in Prince Edward Co., at Ferry Point and Gibson's

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 287

Mountain, Ameliasburgh. (Macoun.) Fields in the vicinity of Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logie.} Drummondville, Ont. (Maclagan.) Niagara
Falls. (Burgess.} Point Albino and Port Colborne, Lake Erie.
(David F. Day.} North-west coast of America. (Scouler.) Sea
Bird Bluffs, near Port Moody, B.C. (Fletcher.)

346. CAMPANULA, Linn. (BELL-FLOWER.)

(1339.) C. pilosa, Pall.

C. dasyantha, Bieb. Hook. Fl. II., 27.

Ounalashka and islands of Behring's Straits. (Chamisso.) Cape
Prince of Wales and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Alaska, Aleutian
islands and northward. (Gray.}

(1340.) C. lasiocarpa, Cham.

Summit of northern Eocky Mountains, near Lake La Pierre.
(Drummond.) Eliguch Lake, northern British Columbia. (Dawson.)
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Gowley.} Sledge and Hedge islands in
Behring's Straits. (Gapt. Beechy.} Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.}

(1341.) C. uniflora, Linn.

Shores and islands of the Arctic Sea from the eastern to the western
extremity. (Hooker.} Alpine places in the Eocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.} Arctic regions from Labrador to the Aleutian islands. (Gray.}
Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne, and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Cape Beaufort, Arctic Coast. (Dr. Rae.} On both sides of Baffin's
Bay and Davis' Straits. (Gapt. Markham.} Uppernavik. (Dr. Kane.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1342.) C. rapunculoides, Linn.

Eoadsides and waste places near dwellings. Naturalized and spread-
ing. About St. John and St. Stephen, N.B. (Hay & Vroom.) Eather
common around fences of old gardens at Truro, N.S., and in the vicini-
ty of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.} Waste ground, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

(1343.) C. Scheuchzeri, Vill.

C. dubia, A. DC. Hook. Fl. II., 27.

C. Knifolia, A. DC. Hook-. Fl. II., 27.

C. rotundifolia, j3. linifolia, Kich. in Frankl. Journ., page 6.

Alpine and sub-alpine or sub-arctic, Newfoundland, Labrador and
Alaska. (Gray.) On rocks and peat bogs along the shores of Anti-

288 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

costi; also on the top of Mount Albert, Gaspe". (Macoun.) North
shore of Lake Superior. (Agassis.) From Lake Huron throughout
the wooded country to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.} Quite common in the
whole prairie region extending from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.} Port Wentworth and Sledge Island. Behring's Straits.
(Menzies.) Holsteinburg, Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.*)

Var. heterodoxa, Gray.

C. linifolia var. Langsdorffiana, A. DC. Hook. Fl. II., 27.
C. pratensis, A. DC. Hook. Fl. II., 27.

Near the coast on the western side of Newfoundland. (Pylaie.}
Arctic America from Greenland to the Aleutian islands. (A. De Can-
dolle.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Alaska and islands to
the Shumegins. (Gray.} Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) On both sides of
Baffin's Bay and Davis' Straits. (Capt. Markham.}

(1344.) C. rotundifolia, Linn. Blue Bell, Hare Bell.
C. petiolata, A. DC. Hook. Fl. 27. (?)

Growing at Middle Bay, Belles Amour, and L'Anse Amour, Labra-
dor. I have never heard of it being found on any of the islands.
(Butler.} I have found it all along the shore at Forteau ; it appears
quite common there. (W. A. Stearns.} On rocky banks of rivers
and sandy places from the Atlantic throughout the wooded country to
and within the Rocky Mountains in Peace River Pass, Lat. 56°.
(Macoun.} Throughout the wooded country to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.}
Kootanie Valley within the Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.} Mountains
in the Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.) Chilcat, Alaska. (Meehan.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(1345.) C. aparinoides, Pursh. Marsh Bell-flower.

In marshes and beaver meadows. Dennis Stream, near St. Stephen
and St. George, N.B. ( Vroom.} Grand Lake, N.B. (Hay.} Abun-
dant throughout Quebec and Ontario, and extending to the Lake of
the Woods. (Macoun.} From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.}

(1346.) C. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. II., 28.

Open grassy, woods and under firs. Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Dawson.} Departure Bay, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.} Grassy places vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
Yale and Spuzzum, and above the Fraser River Crossing of C.P.R., B.C,
(Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 289

(1347.) C. Americana, Linn.

C. acuminata, Michx. Fl. I., 108.

On moist and broken rock between the Clifton House and the water,
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.} St. Catharines and Maiden, N.B. (Maclagan.)
Woods near Cline's Mills, west of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Rich
woods, near London. (Saunders & Burgess.} Vicinity of Toronto.
(Fowler.} Sandy ridge, Pelee Point, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.}

Note.

I confess that I am unable to limit 0. rotund/folia' and C. Scheuchzeri,
as they are described in Dr. Gray's Synopsis of the G-amopetalse. We
have evidently two forms which are both referred to C. rotundifolia.
My impression is that the true C. rotundifolia grows chiefly on river
banks, while the other which I may call the boreal form is found on
exposed shores, prairies and mountain tops. The form with linear or
narrowly lanceolate entire cauline leaves I refer to 0. rotundifolia,
while the other with the stem-leaves more or less toothed much broader
and the lower leaves never linear, I include, in C. Scheuchzeri.

347. HETEROCODON, Nutt.

(1348.) H. rariflorum, Nutt.

Shady and grassy places vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Cowley & Gray.}

LV. VACCINTACE,E. HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY.

348. CAYLUSSACIA, HBK. (HUCKLEBERRY.)

(1349.) C. dumosa, Ton-. & G-ray.

Vaccinium dumosum, Dunal. DC. Prodr. VII., 566.

Newfoundland (Gray.} Sandy swamp, near North Sydney and at
Sydney mines, Cape Breton. (Macoun.} North West Arm, near
Halifax, N.S. (Sommers} Peat bog near Pictou, N.S. (McKay.}
In a peat bog near Eichibucto, NB. (Fowler's Gat.} St. Stephen,
N.B. ( Vroom}

(1350.) G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray.

Vaccinium resinosum, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 31.

Rocky or sandy woodlands or swamps, Newfoundland. Abundant
in Nova Scotia, amongst rocks ; on sandy barrens in New Brunswick,
and frequent in bogs or on sand or rock in Quebec and Ontario. Lake
Huron to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.}

290 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

349. VACCINIUM, Linn. (BLUEBERRY OR CRANBERRY.)

(1351.) V. stamineum, Linn. Deerberiy.

F. album, Pursh. Fl. I., 28, not of Linn.

Dry rocks, Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence. (Macoun.}
Whirlpool, below Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.}

(1352.) V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Early-fruiting Blueberry.

V. tenellum, Pursh. Fl. I., 288.

Dry hills and woods and sandy swamps from Newfoundland to the
Kocky Mountains. Fruit abundant and valuable.

Var. angustifolium, Gray.

Labrador and Hudson Bay, also Newfoundland. (Gray.} Peat
bogs, Salt Lake, Anticosti ; top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Moun-
tains, Gaspd ; north-east coast of Lake Superior, above Michipicotin.
(Macoun.} Shores of Lake St. John, Q. (J. Richardson.') Specimens
from Mount Albert are very hairy on the midrib and ciliate on the
margins.

(1353.) V. Canadense, Kalm. Canada Blueberry.

Very common in swamps and on sandy barrens, especially in the
pineries throughout Canada from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains
and northward to Hudson Bay and Bear Lake. This is our commonest
species and has become quite a valuable fruit since the building of
railways into the forest regions of Quebec and Ontario.

(1354.) V. vacillans, Solander. Low Blueberry.

Dry sandy woodlands and banks in western Ontario. Near Grenadier
Pond, Toronto, and along the railway at Port Dover Junction, Ont.
(Macoun.} Near the Waterdown Road, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.}
Vicinity of Toronto and London. (Burgess.}

(1355.) V. corymbosum, Linn. Swamp Blueberry.

V. dimorphum, Michx. Fl. I., 231.

Swamps and low woods from Newfoundland to western Ontario.
(Gray.} About Quebec. (Cleghorn.} Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.)
Reported from many points, but varieties not specified.

Yar. amoenum, Gray.

Rich, wet woods at Bismarck on the Canada Southern Railway, west
of St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of London. (Burgess.}
Probably the western or southern form.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 291

Var. atrococcum, Gray.

V. fuscatum, Gray, Manual Ed. L, 262.

Apparently the Quebec and eastern and northern Ontario form.
Peat bogs and Mer Bleue near Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Peat bog
five miles north of Colborne, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.}

Var. pa II id um, Gray.

F. pattidum, Gray, Man. Ed. L, 262.

F. vacillans, Sommers' Flora of Nova Scotia, page* 200, 1876.

Grassy and rocky ground not rare. Point Pleasant, near Halifax,
N S. (Macoun.) Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.)

(1356.) V. uliginosum, Linn. Bog Blueberry.

In mountain bogs and exposed shores below, Lat. 50°. From New-
foundland, Labrador, Anticosti, Skickshock Mountains and thence
westward to the Pacific and northward to the Arctic Sea. Quebec ;
Gomin swamps, near Eiviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.} On exposed
rocks north-east coast of Lake Superior, above Michipicotin, and in a
peat bog near Port Arthur, also at Mclntyre's Bay, Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) North-east coast of Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Sitka, Ouna-
lashka, Kotzebue Sound, and the northern coast. (Eothr. Alask.)
Bartlett's Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Northumberland Strait north
of Hudson Bay. (Capt. Markham.) Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Capt.
Back.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.) Fiske Fiord, Disco, Proven,
Uppernavik, and Smith's Sound, Lat. 78°. (Dr. Kane.)

Var. mucronatum, Herder.

Alaska and Aleutian Islands to Behring's Straits. (Gray.)

(1357.) V. salicinum, Cham.
Ounalashka, in moss. (Chamisso.)

(1358.) V. csespitosum, Michx. Dwarf Bilberry.

A dwarf shrub growing on grassy and exposed ridges or mountains,
abundant on the elevated plains west of Edmonton and through the
Eocky Mountains into northern British Columbia. On hillsides,
Labrador. (Butler.) Anticosti, at the mouth of Jupiter Eiver ; on
Mount Albert, Gasp£ ; on rocks above the falls of Montreal Eiver,
north-east coast of Lake Superior ; Cypress Hills and Bow Eiver Pass
and northward along the Foothills to Little Slave Lake and westward
to MacLeod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.) Dean or Salmon Eiver, B.C.
(Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

292 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Var. cuneifolium, Nutt.

F. cscspitomm, var. angustifolium, Gray.

British Columbia and east to Lake Superior. (Gray.) Thickets
and grassy places near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Fletcher.}

(1359.) V. MyrtHIUS, Linn. Whortleberry, Bilberry.

V. myrtilloides, Watson, Bot. King, Exp., 209.

Eocky Mountains and north-west to Alaska. (Gray.) Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.)

Var. microphyllum, Hook.

Very abundant in the woods along Kicking Horse Eiver, B.C. (Macoun.)
Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portages.
(Drummond.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass. Is-ga-chuz
Eange, head waters of Black Eiver. Altitude, 5,000 feet. (Dawson.)

(1360.) V. myrtilloides, Gray. Var. membranaceum, Dougl.

F. myrtilloides, Hook. Fl. II., 32, in part only. The eastern references
apply to a form of F. Pennsylvanicum.

Damp woods, Lake Superior to British Columbia. (Gray.) South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; Flat Head Eiver, B.C. ; eastern summit
of the North Kootanie Pass. Iltasyouco Eiver and Cascade Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of Yale and on high rocky hills
along the Telegraph Trail, and on Stuart Lake Mountain and Mount
Selwyn, Peace Eiver Pass. (Macoun.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C.
(Cowley.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. rigid urn, Hook. Fl. II., 32.

This form has rigid not membranaceous leaves, has a more compact
habit and has not glabrous, but slightly pubescent branchlets. South
Kootanie Pass on the British Columbia side of the summit. (Dawson.)
On the top of House Mountain south of Little Slave Lake, and in
alpine woods, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.) '

(1361.) V. ovalifolium, Smith.

F. Chamissonis, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 450.

In some abundance on the top of Mount Albert at an altitude of
nearly 4,000 feet, Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.) Has been found on the south
shore of Lake Superior. (RobUns.) North-west coast of America.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 293

(Menzies.) Woods at the junction of the Portage Eiver with the
Columbia (Douglas.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Ounalashka. (Gray.)
Fort "Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(1362.) V. parvifolium, Smith.

Shady and low woods near the coast of British Columbia to Alaska
and the Aleutian Islands. (Gray.) Great Shuswap Lake, B.C. (Daw-
son.) In thickets at New Westminster, on the Lower Fraser, B.C.
(Macoun.) At and near Spuzzum, above Yale, B. C. (Fletcher.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon Kiver, B. C., Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.)

(1363.) V. ovatum, Pursh.

In rocky places on the North-west coast, Lat. 49°. (Scouler.) Van-
couver Island. (Gray.) Vancouver Island or southern British
Columbia. (Cowley.)

(1364.) V. Vitis-ldeea, Linn. Cowberry. Mountain Cranberry.

Very abundant from the Atlantic to the Pacific, producing enormous
quantities of fruit, which are invaluable as a spring food for birds on
their return from the south. The only parts of Canada where it is
not found are southern 'Ontario and the prairie region. It extends
north to Greenland and the islands in the Arctic Sea. Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.)

350. OXYCOCCUS, Pers. (LOW BUSH CRANBERRY.)

(1365.) O. vulgar is, Pursh. Small Cranberry.

Vaccinium Oxycoccus, Linn. Macoun's Cat., No. 1132.

Sphagnous swamps around the sub-arctic zone, from Newfoundland
to the Pacific and south to the Canadian boundary. This species is
easily distinguished from the next by its small revolute leaves and
terminal fascicle of flowers. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1366.) O. macrocarpus, Pursh. Large American Cranberry.
Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait. Macoun's Cat., No. 1139.

Bogs and especially on the margins of ponds and small lakelets, in the
soft mud. Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
thence westward throughout Quebec and Ontario to Thunder Bay.
(Macoun.) Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)
"Ungava Bay and Mackenzie River. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

294 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

351. CHIOCENES, Salisb. (CREEPING SNOWBERRY.)

(1367.) C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray.

Vaccinium hispidulum, Michx. Fl. L, 228.
Gaultheria serpyllifolia, Pursh. Fl. L, 283.
O. hispidula, Muhl. Hook. Fl. II., 36.

Abundant in damp, mossy woods creeping over logs, flowering very
early. Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick, thence westward to the west side of the Eocky Mountains at
the sources of the Columbia. (Drummond.)

LVI. EEICACEJE. HEATH FAMILY.
352. ARBUTUS, Linn.

(1368.) A. Menziesii, Pursh. Madrona.

A tall and beautiful tree with evergreen leaves and by exfoliation a
reddish bark. Coasts of Vancouver Island and British Columbia.
Puget's Sound and North-west Coast. (Menzies.} Coasts around
Victoria. (Dawson.) Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)
Skagit Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.} Vicinity of Victoria. (J. Richardson.}

353. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS, Adns. (BEARBERRY.)

(1369.) A. alpina, Spreng. Alpine Bearberry.
Arbutus alpina, Linn. Hook. Fl, II., 37.

Newfoundland. (Cormack.) Labrador. (McGrill Coll. Herb.} South-
west Point, and mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti ; Summit of Mount
Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, G-aspe", Q. ; Bow River Pass and Kicking
Horse Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Throughout the wooded
country Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.) Alpine swamps of the Rocky
Mountains. (Drummond.') Ounalashka, Norton Sound to Point Barrow;
also on the Arctic Coast. (Rothr. Alask.) Northumberland Strait.
(Capt. Markham.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.} Back's Great Fish
River. (Capt. Sack.) West of Mackenzie River. (Pease.) Both
Hooker and Gray state that the berries of this species are black, on the
contrary, those on specimens obtained on Anticosti and the Rocky
Mountains are bright red.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 29&

(1370.) A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. Bearberry, Kinnikinick.
Arbutus Uva-ursi, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 37.

Eocky or sandy soil from Newfoundland to the Pacific and north to
Fort Franklin, Lat. 64°. (Richardson.') This species is found in all
suitable localities throughout the country and in the north-west and
north its fruit is eaten in quantities by partridge and prairie chickens.
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

(13*71.) A. tomentosa, Dougl.

Arbutus tomentosa, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 36.

Dry and rocky hills of the North- West Coast. (Douglas.*) Van-
couver Island, or southern British Columbia. (Cowley.}

354. CAULTHERIA, Linn. (AROMATIC WINTERGREEN.)

(1372.) C. Myrsinites, Hook.

Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52-54°. (Drummond.) Not noticed by late
collectors.

(1373.) C. ovatifolia, Gray.

Wooded banks of streams and canons of the Cascade Mountains,
borders of British Columbia. (Lyali.} This is a new species lately
separated from the preceding by Dr. Gray.

(1374.) C. procumbens, Linn. Wintergreen.

In sandy swamps or low woods on hummocks. Newfoundland,
throughout the Maritime provinces, Quebec and Ontario to Owen
Sound, Ont. ; also, woods near Eat Portage. (Macoun.) In the
Muskoka District, Ont. (Burgess.} Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.}
Lake Superior. (Gapt. Sack.}

(1375. C. Shallon, Pursh. Salal.

Shady woods, British Columbia, along and near the coast. (Gray.}
In woods on Yale Mountain, B,C. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Victoria,
and on Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.} Abundant in woods at
Port Moody and along the Fraser Eiver, B.C. (Hill & Fletcher.}

296 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

355. CASSANDRA, Don. (LEATHER LEAF.)
(1376.) C. calyculata, Don.

Andromeda calyculata, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 39.

Bogs and swamps, and borders of slow streams, ponds and lakelets.
Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti and the Maritime provinces,
thence westward throughout Quebec and Ontario, and through the
wooded country to northern British Columbia. (Macoun.~) Northward
into part of the barren country. (Richardson.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Rothr. Alask.)

356. CASSIOPE, Don. (CASSIOPE.)
(1377.) C. Stelleriana, DC.

Andromeda Stelleriana, Pall. Hook. Fl. II., 37.
Menziesia empetriformis, Pursh. Fl. I., 265, not Smith.

North-west Coast of America, probably on Bank's Island. (Menzies.)
North-west Coast, Sitka to Behring's Straits. (Gray.} Sitka. (Rothr.
Alask.*)

(1378.) C. hypnoides,1Don.

Andromeda hypnoides, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 37.

Labrador. (Morrison.') Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspe", Q., in
shaded ravines, where snow lies nearly ten months. (Macoun.~)
North-west Coast. (Nelson vide Hooker.} On both sides of Baffin's
Bay and Davis' Straits. (Capt. Markham.~) Greenland. (Hook.Arct. PL)

(1379.) C. lycopodioides, Don.

Andromeda lycopodioides, Pall.

Aleutian Islands south to Oregon. (Gray.) Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.)

(1380.) C. Mertensiana, Fall.

Andromeda cupressina, Hook. Fi. II., 38.

Abundant on the upper wooded slopes of the mountains in Kicking
Horse Pass, B.C. (Macoun.') Eocky Mountains north of Smoky
Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.')

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 297

(1381.) C. tetragona, Don.

Andromeda tetragona, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 38. Macoun's Cat., No. 1153.

From Labrador on the east to the Rocky Mountains on both sides.
(Kolmeister & Douglas.*) From Lat. 54° to the Arctic v Islands.
(Richardson.') Northern Rocky Mountains to the Arctic regions.
(Gray.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.*) Island of St. Lawrence,
Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow, and on the Arctic coast. (Bothr.
Alask.*) Repulse Bay. (Dr. Eae.*) Buchanan Island, and Melville Island.
(Capt. Markham.) Back's Great Fish River. (Capt. Sack.*) Between
the Coppermine and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31' west ;
also at Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°. (Dease.*) Disco, Proven, Fox Inlet,
Bedevilled Beach, from Lat. 70-80°. (Dr. Kane.*) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL*)

357. EPSC/EA, Linn. (MAYFLOWER.)

(1382.) E. repens, Linn. Trailing Arbutus.

Gravelly, rocky or sandy woodlands, in the shade of evergreens.
Abundant in Newfoundland and the Maritime provinces, Quebec
and northern Ontario and westward to the west end of Lake Superior
and northward to the height of land. (Macoun.*) Westward to the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.*)

358. ANDROMEDA, Linn. (ANDROMEDA.)

(1383.) A. polifolia, Linn.

A. rosmarinifolia, Pursh. Fl. L, 291. Narrow-leaved form.

Peat bous, swamps, borders of marshes and ponds from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, and northward to the Arctic Sea. This species, although,
so widely distributed retains its form without variation in all latitudes.
Young and late shoots have wider leaves than the normal form but
that is all. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.*)

(1384.) A. ligustrina, Muhl.

A. paniculata, Ait. Michx. Fl. I., 254.

Canada. (Pursh.*) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.*) Wet grounds,
Canada. (Gray.*) I believe all the above references are based upon a
misconception. Drummond's plant must have been the leaves of
Gaylussacia resinosa; Pursh is unreliable ; and Dr. Gray probably
follows the statements of his predecessors.

298 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Excluded Species.

Leucothce racemosa, Gray.

Andromeda racemosa, Pursh. Fl. L, 294.

Pursh credits this species, also to Canada, but as it cannot possibly
be within our limits I exclude it.

359. CALLUNA, Salisb. (HEATHER.)

(1385.) C. vulgaris, Salisb.

C. Atlantica, Seem. Journ. Bot. IV., 305.

East coast of Newfoundland, near Ferryland, Lat. 4T, Long. 52° 50'
west, forming a small patch about three yards square. The locality is
in the same part of the island to which the specimens collected by
Mr. Cormack, are referred, namely, the south-east peninsula ; and two
additional localities in this peninsula are noticed on Cormack's label,
namely, the head of St. Mary's Bay and Trepassy Bay or Harbor.
(Journal of Botany, Yol. III., page 221.) In a wet springy place, among
spruce stumps, in peaty soil, overlying clay, on the farm of Mr.
Robertson, St. Ann's, Inverness Co., Cape Breton Island. (Lawson.)
Dartmouth Hills near Halifax ; Point Pleasant Park, Halifax ; East
Bay, Cape Breton Island, in considerable quantity ; Caplin Bay, two
miles from Ferryland, which is about thirty-five miles south of St.
John's, there is a bed of heather, of no great extent but healthy aad
nourishing. At Eenews, about twenty or thirty miles from Ferryland,
there is also a quantity of heather, supposed to have been derived from
Caplin Bay growth, but this is only conjecture. (Lawson in Transac-
tions of Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, Vol. IV., page 167.)

360. LOISELEURIA, Desv. (ALPINE AZALEA.)

(1386.) procumbens, Desv.

Azalea procumbens, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 44.

Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison.') On hill sides Cariboo, La-
brador. (Sutler.') Summit of Mount Albert, G-aspe, altitude nearly 4,000
feet. (Macoun.) Barren grounds from Lat. 65° to the Arctic Islands.
(Richardson.') Bank's Islands and Mount Edgecombe, Lat. 54°. North-
west Coast. (Menzies.) Cape Lisburne and islands of Ounalashka and
Chamisso. (Rothr. Alask.~) On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis
Strait. (Copt. Markham.) Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Copt. Sack.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 299

Ungava, (McGill Coll. Herb.} Egedesminde, Greenland, Lat. 69°.
(Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pl.~)

361. BRYANTHUS, Cmel. (FALSE HEATHER.)
(1387.) B. empetriformis, Gray.

Menziesia empetriformis, Smith. Hook. Fl. II., 40.

Eocky Mountains from Lat. 50° to 42° ; also, Vancouver Island.
(Gray.} Nutka on the North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.)
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)

(1388.) B. Grahamii, Hook. Fl. II., 40.

B. empetriformis, Gray. Var. intermedius, Gray (?)
Menziesia Grahamii, Hook. Fl. II., 40-
M. intermedia, Hook. Fl. II., 40.

Alpine woods and open elevated situations of the Eocky Mountains,
Lat. 55°. (Drummond.} "Woods and open places (M. intermedia) in
the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.') South Kootanie Pass, 6,500
feet altitude, 49th parallel ; eastern summit of the North Kootanie
Pass ; Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.') Cariboo Mountains, B.C.
(Cowley.*) Abundant in some places on the higher mountain slopes,
Kicking Horse Pass, B.C. (Macoun.')

(1389.) B. taxifolius, Gray.

Phyllodoce taxifolia, Salisb. Gray, Man., 297.
Menziesia cssrulea, Swartz. Hook. Fl. II., 39.

Labrador. (Morrison.') Ungava Bay. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Sum-
mit of Mount Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Gaspe". (Macoun.~) On both
sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis' Strait. (Marlcham.) JFiske Fiord,
Lat. 64° ; Disco Island, Lat. 10°. (Dr. Kane.) Greenland. (Hook.
Arct. PL}

(1390.) B. Aleuticus, Gray.

Menziesia Aleutica, Spreng. Hook. Fl. II., 40.
Phyllodoce Pallasiana, Don. Eothr. Alask., 450.

Ounalashka and Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.')
(1391.) B. glanduliflorus, Gray.

Menziesia glanduliflora, Hook. Fl. II. , 40.

Eocky Mountains, Lat. 49° to 56° and west to Sitka. (Gray.) Eare
in the Alpine woods and mountains north of Smoky Eiver, Lat. 56°.

300 GEOLOGICAL SUBVEf OP CANADA.

(Drummond..) South Kootanie Pass, altitude 7,000 feet, 49th parallel ;
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) On the higher mountain slopes,
Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

362. KALMIA, Linn. (AMERICAN LAUREL)

(1392.) K. latifolia, Linn. Calico-bush.

Credited to Canada by Pursh. and lately by Dr. Gray, but evidently
unknown to local collectors. (Macoun.) Reported as being found in
ravines and near ponds in the interior, up Salmon River, and on Esqui-
maux Island, Labrador. (W. E. Stearns.) Clearly a broad-leaved
form of K. angustifolia, which is common on Anticosti, is referred to
here. (Macoun.)

(1393.) K. angustifolia, Linn. Sheep Laurel, Lambkill.

Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
thence westward through Quebec and northern Ontario to the Georgian
Bay. Very abundant in the Maritime provinces, often covering large
spaces in boggy or rocky places with its beautiful purple flowers.
Throughout Canada to Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) James Bay. (Brown.*)

(1394.) K. glauca, Ait.

K. glauca, var. rosmarinifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 41.

Common in peat bogs from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but scarcely
going north of the Arctic circle. (Hooker.') Newfoundland and Hudson
Bay. (Gray.) Sitka. (Rothr. AlasJc.*) Fort "Wrangel, Alaska.
(Meehan.) Point Ogle, Arctic Coast. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL) Specimens from various localities have leaves varying
from very narrowly linear and revolute to broadly oblong and almost
plain, but frequently these diverse leaf forms are obtained from the
same group of plants.

Var. microphylla, Hook. Fl. II., 41. (?)

Specimens referred to this form have the leaves sometimes in threes,
almost oval, perfectly glaucus, not the least revolute and with a strong
midrib. In swamps in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Peaty
swamps along the Telegraph Trail, northern British Columbia.
(Macoun.) Tsi-tsult Mountains, and swamps along the Skeena River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 301

363. LEDUM, Linn. (LABRADOR TEA.)

(1395.) L. palustre, Linn.

L. palustre, L. Var. angustifolium, Hook. Fl. II., 44.

Bogs, Newfoundland, Labrador, and through the Arctic regions to
Alaska and Aleutian Islands. (Gray.) East coast of Hudson Bay.
(fi. Belt.) Norton Sound, to Point Barrow and northern coast. (Jtothr.
Alask.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) Back's Great Fish Eiver
and Hudson straits. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Between the Coppermine
Eiver and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31' west. (Dease.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) Sukkertoppen, Lat. 65° ; Holsteinburg ,
Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.) Hudson Bay specimens have the pedicels
clothed with ferruginous hairs.

Var. dilatatum, Wahl.

Approaching the next, having broader leaves and sometimes long
oval capsules. North-west Coast, Sitka, &c. (Gray.)

(1396.) L. latifolium, Ait. Labrador Tea.

L. palustre, L. Var. latifolium, Hook. Fl. II., 44.

Peat bogs and marshes from Labrador, Newfoundland and the Mari-
time provinces westward to the Pacific. This species has a more
southern range than L. palustre, and may be distinguished from it by
never having ten stamens but more commonly five.

(1397.) L. glandulosum, Nutt,

Southern boundary of British Columbia and in the Eocky Moun-
tains. (Gray.)

364. RHODODENDRON, Linn. (ROSE BAY, AZALEA.)

(1398.) R. Kamtschaticum, Pall.

Bank's Island and Port Edgecombe, North-west Coast, Lat. 53°.
(Menzies.) Ounalashka. (Bothr. Alask.) Alaska and Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.}

(1399.) R. albiflorum, Hook. Mountain Ehododendron.

Alpine woods of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Western
summit of Crow Nest Pass and eastern summit of North Ivootanie
Pass 5 Misinchinca Eiver, near Pine Eiver Pass, Eocky Mountains,

302 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Lat. 55°. Tsi-tsult Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.} Summit of Stuart
Lake Mountain ; also abundant on the sides of ravines in the Kicking
Hoase Pass, B.C. (Macoun.} Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.}

(1400.) R. viscosum, Ton*. Clammy Azalea.

Azalea viscosa, Linn. Pursh FI. II., 153. Gray, Man., 299.

Swamps, Canada. (Pursh.') Not known to later collectors. May
probably be found along the borders of Maine.

(1401.) R. nudiflorum, Torr. Purple Azalea.
Azalea nudi flora, Linn. Gray, Man., 299.
A. periclymenoides, Michx. Pursh M. I., 153.

Swamps, low grounds or shaded hillsides, Canada. (Gray.) It is
probable that Dr. Gray follows Pursh in giving this species a place in
the Canadian flora. We have no knowledge of it.

(1402.) R. Rhodora, Don. Ehodora,

Ehodora Canadensis, Linn. Gray, Man., 300 ; Macoun's Cat., No. 1171.

Cool bogs and open peaty places. Labrador, Newfoundland, Anti-
costi, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and thence westward through
Quebec to the vicinity of Montreal. This is a most beautiful shrub
and in the early part of June fills the peat bogs along the Intercolonial
Eailway with a profusion of lovely flowers. Its western limits as far
as known are : Three Rivers, Nicolet and Port St. Francis. (Maclagan}
Beauharnois County, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.}

(1403.) R. macrophyllum, Don. Macoun's Cat., No. 1169.
R. maximum, Hook. Fl. II., 43.

Woods, Puget Sound. (Gray.} North-west Coast. (Menzies.}
Mountain woods near Hope, B.C. (Dawson & Sill.}

(1404.) R. maximum, Linn. Great Laurel or Eose Bay.

Damp woods, rare in Nova Scotia and western Ontario. Near
Beaver Dam Gold Mines, Sheet Harbor, N.S. (Lawson & Archibald.}
In woods, Norfolk Co., Ont. [?] (Dr. Nicholl}

(1405.) R. Lapponicum, Wahl.

Labrador. (Morrison.} On a hill top near Amour, Labrador.
(Butler.} Summit of Mount Albert, altitude 4,000 feet, Gaspe".
(Macoun.} Summits of the Rocky Mountains north of Smoky Eiver,
Lat. 56°. (Drummond.} Barren grounds from Lat. 65° to the Arctic
seashore and islands. (Richardson.} Norton Sound. (Nelson.} Port

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 303

Clarence. (Eothr. Alask.) Both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis
Strait. (Capt. MarJcham.) Back's Great Fish Eiver. (Capt. Back.')
Between the Coppermine and Cape Turn-again, Lat. 6T 54', Long.
115° 31' west. (Dease.) Holsteinburg, Lat. 68°. (Dr. Kane.} Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

365. MENZIESIA, Smith.

(1406.) M. glabella, Gray.

M. globvlaris, Hook. Fl. II., 41.

Alpine woods north of Smoky Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Drummond.) Bow
Eiver Pass. (Bourgeau.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass and western summit of same pass ;
also Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass. (Damson.) Very abundant in
the Kicking Horse Pass close to the railway, B.C. (Macoun.)

(1407.) M. ferruginea, Smith.

North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)
Port Hammond, B.C. (Fletcher.') Sitka and Ounalashka. (Eothr.
Alask.) Port Wrangel and Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehari).
Woods, coast of British Columbia to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.)

366. CLADOTHAMNUS, Bong.

(1408.) C. pyrolseflorus, Bong.

Tolmiea octidentalis, Hook. Fl. II., 45.

North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Low woods, Washington Territory
to Alaska. (Gray.} Sitka. (Eothr. Alask.)

367. PYROLA, Linn. (SHIN-LEAF, WINTERGREEN.)

(1409.) P. minor, Linn.

Cold woods, Labrador. (Morrison.) Cool woods near Dalhousie,
N.B. (Fletcher.) Kamarouska, Q. (Burgess.) Cold woods, North
Sydney, Cape Breton ; cool ravines, Gasp£ Basin ; summit of Mount
Albert, 4,000 feet altitude, Gaspe". In woods on Pie Island, Thunder
Bay, and in woods on the Portage at. Kakabeka Fall, 30 miles
above Fort William ; also on Lake Ellen, Nipigon Eiver, and
very abundant on islands in Humboldt and Wabanosh bays, Lake

304 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Nipigon. (Macoun.) "Woods in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Barren
country from Lat. 64° to the Arctic coast and islands. (Richardson.)
Observatory Inlet, North-west Coast. (Scouler.) Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1410.) P. secunda, Linn.

Rich woods throughout Canada from Newfoundland and the Maritime
provinces to the Pacific and far northward on the Mackenzie. A very
common species and equally as abundant west of the mountains as
eastward. Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)

Var. pumila, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 302.

Peat bogs and mossy swamps from Labrador to Alaska. (Gray.)
Cedar swamps, North Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.) Swamps, London,
Ont. (Burgess.} Swamps south of Red Rock. Lake Superior. (Macoun.}

Var. /?. Hook. PL II., 45.

Woods of Portage River, near La Grande Cote", Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Leaves narrow and acuminate.

(1411.) P. chlorantha, Swartz.

Rather dry or sandy woods generally under conifers, from New-
foundland, Labrador and the Maritime provinces westward to the
Rocky Mountains and northern British Columbia, and northward to
Bear Lake. (Richardson & Gray.) Woods, Truro, Pirate's Cove, Gut
of Canso, and near Annapolis, N.S. ; North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Lily Lake, St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Dalhousie, N.B. (Fletcher.)

Var. occidentalis, Gray.

P. occidentcdis, R. Br. Hook. FL II., 47.

Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bouryeau.) Sledge Island on
the North-west Coast. (Nelson.) Alaska to Kotzebue Sound. (Gray.)

(1412.) P. elliptica, Nutt.

P. rotundifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 251, in part.

Rich woods. Quite common from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
westward through Quebec and Ontario to Owen Sound. (Macoun.)
Lake of the Woods ; Winnipeg and North-west Angle Road, and in
thickets, Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Westward to the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.')

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 305

(1413.) P. rotundifolia, Linn. Eound-leaved Wintergreen.

Sandy or dry woods, in swamps or On mountain tops from the
Atlantic to the Pacific and northwai-d to the Arctic regions, under its
various varieties. Greenland. {Hook. Arct.

Yar. incarnata, DC.

Flowers from flesh color to rose purple ; calyx lobes triangular-lanceo-
late. Cold woods and bogs, northern New England to the Aleutian
Islands. (Gray.} Throughout Canada to Bear Lake. (Richardson.}
From Hudson Bay to the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.} Dalhousie
and Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Occurs near Fredericton, N.B. (Prof.
Bailey.) Near Edmunton, N.B. (Hay.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Ft. Ott.}

Var. asarifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 46.

Pyrola asarifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 251 ; Pursh Fl. I., 299.

Leaves round-reniform, orbicular-subcordate, or inclined to oblate-
orbicular : scape slender. Not uncommon, northward and westward
to the Eocky Mountains. (Gray.} Not rare in New Brunswick.
(Fowler's Cat.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Dawson
Eoad west of Lake Superior. (Burgess.} Common in thickets
throughout the North-west to the base of the Eocky Mountains.
(Macou?i.} From Hudson Bay to the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.}
Northward to Bear Lake. (Richardson.}

Var. uliginosa, Gray.

Leaves from subcordate to oblate, generally dull. Flowers rose-
colored or purple. Calyx lobes shorter than preceding, usually broadly
ovate, sometimes obtuse. Cold bogs, northward, nearly across the
continent. (Gray.} Andover, N.B. (Hay.} Peat bogs at Belleville
and north-westerly to the Eocky Mountains in the Bow Eiver Pass.
(Macoun.} Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Eocky Mountains ; also,
Qualcho Lake, B.C. (Dawson.} Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.}

Var. bracteata, Gray.

Pyrola bracteata, Hook. Fl. II., 47.

Coniferous woods, British Columbia. (Gray.) North-west Coast.
(Scouler.} Small prairie in cedar bush on Wigwam Eiver, Eocky
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.}

Var. pumila, Hook.

From Labrador to the Mackenzie Eiver, along the Arctic coast.
(Gray.}

306 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1414.) P. picta, Smith.

P. dentata, Hook. Fl. II., 47.

Nutka Sound and North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Thickets at Spuz-
zum above Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1415.) P. aphylla, Smith.
Puget Sound. (Gray.) Very likely in woods on Vancouver Island.

368. MONESES, Salisb. (ONE-FLOWERED WINTERGREEN.)

(1416.) M. uniflora, Gray.

M. grandiflora, Salisb. Rothr. Alask., page 450.
Pyrola uniflora, Linn. Hook. Fl. II. , 45.

Very common in shady or mossy woods from Labrador, Newfound-
land and the Maritime provinces westward to the Pacific and north-
ward to Lat. 64°. (Hooker.)

369. CHIMAPHILA, Pursh. (PIPSISSEWA.)

(1417.) C. umbellata, Nutt. Prince's Pine.
C. corymbosa, Pursh Fl. I., 300.

Dry and generally coniferous woods from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westwardly throughout Quebec and Ontario, thence west-
ward through the forest country to the coast of British Columbia and
Vancouver Island .

(1418.) C. Menziesii, Spreng. Hook. Fl. II., 49.

Coniferous woods, British Columbia. (Gray.) North-west Coast.
(Menzies.)

(1419.) C. maculata, Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen.
Pyrola maculata, Linn. Michx. Fl. L, 251.

Dry woods, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.)
Chippawa and St. Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.) St. James' Cemetery,
Toronto. (Fowler.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 30*7

LVII. MONOTKOPEvE. PIPE-WORT FAMILY.
37O. PTEROSPORA, Nutt. (PINE-DROPS.)

(1420.) P. andromeda, Nutt.

Usually under pines in dry woods. Near Quebec. (Goldie.) Pine
woods along the Gatineau, near Chelsea, Q., in the vicinity of
Ottawa. {Fletcher FL Ott.) Pine woods near the gravel pit, Belle-
ville ; pine woods near Canniffton, Hasting Co. ; also near Meyersburg,
Northumberland Co., and along the Humber a little west of Toronto.
(Macoun.) Woods near Cline's mill west of Hamilton. (Logie.) Near
Niagara Falls, (Hooker.) Near the Whirlpool on the American side
of the Niagara Eiver. It should also be found on the Canadian side.
(David F. Day.) Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

371. ALLOTROPA, Torr. & Cray.

(1421.) A. virgata, Torr. & Gray.

Under oaks, &c. Cascade Mountains. (Gray.) Somewhere in
southern British Columbia. (Cowley.)

372. MONOTROPA, Linn. (INDIAN PIPE, PINE SAP.)

(1422.) M. uniflora, Linn. Indian Pipe.

Damp woods not uncommon. Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
wick and westward throughout Quebec and Ontario to the height of
land above Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)

373. HYPOPITYS, Scop. (PINE SAP.)

(1423.) H. lanuginosa, Nutt.

Monotropa Hypopitys, Linn. Gray, Man., 305. Macoun's Cat., No. 1186.

In spruce woods, common on Anticosti ; Pirate's Cove, Gut of Canso,
N.S., and in woods at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Dal-
housie and Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Under spruce, not pine, in College
Woods, Windsor, Hants Co., N.S. (How'.) Growing in the shade of
pine trees at St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.) Lily Lake, St. John, N.B.

308 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

{Hay.} In woods, Petitcodiac, Westmorland Co., N.B. (Brittain.)
Very abundant on the slopes of Mount Albert, Gaspe", under spruce
and birch. (Macoun.) Occasionally met with in damp woods along
the Eiver Eouge, Q. (D' Urban.) St. Andrews, near Montreal.
(McGrill Coll. Herb.) Mixed woods, Kennebec, Addington Co., Ont. ;
Eich woods in Brighton and Seymour, Northumberland Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Woods near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic,.} Maiden. (Maclagan.)
Sou-sou-wa-ga-mi Creeks, in moss, amongst balsams, spruces and
birches. (R. Bell.)

LVIII. DIAPENSIACEJ3. DIAPENSIA FAMILY.
374. DIAPENSIA,* Linn. (DIAPENSIA.)

(1424.) D. Lapponica, Linn.

Labrador. (Morrison.') Common on hill tops at Caribou, Labrador.
(Butler.) Summit of Mount Albert, Gaspe", altitude nearly 4,000 feet.
(Macoun.) Table Top Mountain, Gaspe". (Porter.) Mouth of Great
Fish Eiver. (Capt. Back.) Whale Island, Arctic America. (Capt.
Parry.') On both sides of Baffin's Bay and Davis Strait. (Capt.
Markham.) Smith's Sound, Lat. 73°. (Dr. Kane.) Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PL)

LIX. PLUMBAGINACE.E. LEAD-WORT FAMILY.
375. STATICE, Linn. (SEA-LAVENDER, MARSH-ROSMARY.)

(1425.) S. Limonium, Linn. Var. Caroliniana, Gray.

S. Caroliniana, Walt. Hook. Fl. II., 123.

Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) Labrador. (Gray.) Beaches at
Boat Harbor, Pictou, KS. (McKay.) Halifax Harbor, N.S. (LawsonJ)
Eiver Avon at Windsor, N.S. (How.) Marshes near Truro, N.S.
(Macoun.) Common in salt marshes around the coast of New Bruns-
wick. (Fowler' stCat.) Lower St. Lawrence. (Burgess.)

376. ARMERIA, Willd. (THRIFT. SEA PINK.)

(1426.) A. vulgaris, Willd. Common Thrift.

Statice Armeria, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 123.
Sea shores, probably in every latitude ; on the extreme Arctic coasts

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 309

and islands ; and in Labrador, Newfoundland and North-west America ;
and the barren country of the interior. (Hooker. } In great profusion
on the summit of Mount Albert, Gaspe", altitude 4,000 feet. Coast of
Vancouver Island. (Macoun.} Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher
& Meehan.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

LX. PRIMULACE^:. PRIMROSE FAMILY.

i

377. PRIMULA, Linn. (PRIMROSE.)

(1427.) P. farinosa, Linn. Bird's Eye Primrose.
P. Scotica, Hook. Fl. II., 120.

Crevices of rocks and exposed points along the sea, lakes or rivers.
Labrador. (Butler.) Bather rare at Harrington Harbor and on the
neighbouring islands, Labrador. (W. E. Stearns.} Abundant on
Anticosti, west side. (Macoun.) Near Annapolis, N.S. (McKay.)
Hall's Harbor, King's Co., N.S. (How.) Shore of Kennebeccasis, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Mouth of the Restigouche, near Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.) Very abundant, in crevices of rocks, along the Gaspd
coast from Cape Rosier to Matane. (Macoun.) Quebec, Island of
Orleans. (Thomas.) Temiscouta, Q. (Burgess.) Shore of Red Bay,
Lake Huron ; and north-east coast of Lake Superior ; also around
Lake Nipigon. Very abundant in the beds of small brooks and
around the margins of ponds from Manitoba westward through the
prairie region to the Rocky Mountains. Many specimens are from 12
to 18 inches high and very stout, producing often over thirty flowers
in a capitate cluster. These are as mealy as the Gasp£ specimens,
while those from Anticosti are also tall and stout but almost glabrous.
(Macoun.) Moose Mountain Creek and in profusion on the greater
part of the Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.}

(1428.) P. Mistassinica, Michx.

P. stricta, Hornem. Rothr. Alask., 451.
P. Hornemanniana, Hook. Fl. II. , 120.

Wet banks and shores abundant but local. It grows at Bonne Espe*-
rance and neighboring islands and at Forteau. Labrador. (Butler.}
On a wet bank along a small brook at Truro, N.S. (Macoun & Camp-
bell.) Near St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Up the Dartmouth and
other rivers of Gaspe". (J. Bell.) Rocks along the sea shore at Riviere-
du-Loup. (Thomas.) Lake Mistassini, Q. (J. Richardson.} North-
east shore of Lake Huron at Red and Chicken bays ; very common

310 GEOLOGICAL SURVET OP CANADA.

around Lake Superior, and westward to the Red Deer River at the head
of Lake Winnipegoosis where it grows in profusion around salt
springs. (Macoun.) Canada to Great Bear Lake. (Richardson.} West
to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Kotzebue Sound, (Rothr.
Alask.) West of the Mackenzie River. (JO ease.) Ungava Bay.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1429.) P. borealis, Duby.

Alaska and islands to Kotzebue Sound, &c. (Gray) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)

(1430.) P. Sibirica, Jacq.

Barren country between Lat. 60° and 69°, in clayey soil, by river
banks and in marshy grounds. (Richardson.) Northern North-west
Coast and islands. (Gray. ) Fort Confidence, Lat. 65° 55', Long. 118°
48'. (Dease.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1431.) P. nivalis, Pall.

Ounalashka to Behring's Straits and St. Paul's Island. (G-ray.)

Islands of Ounalashka and St. Lawrence, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.

Alask.) Cape Newenham. (Nelson.) Mount Edgecomb, Alaska.
(Menzies.)

(1432.) P. cuneifolia, Ledeb.

P.saxifrci.gsefolia,IjBhm. Hook. Fl. II., 121.

Aleutian Islands to Behring's Straits. (Gray.) Ounalashka.
(Menzies.) Cape Newenham. (Nelson.) Kotzebue Sound. (Capt.
Beechy.)

(1433.) P. vulgaris, Huds. Common Primrose.

Well established in meadows in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. May, 1875. (Macoun.)

(1434.) P. officinal is, Linn. Cowslip.
P. vera, Linn. Macoun's Cat., No. 1203.

Well established in meadows about a mile inland from North Sydney,
Cape Breton ; also in meadows at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 311

378. ANDROSACE, Linn.

(1435.) A. Chamaejasme, Host.

Alpine region of the Eocky Mountains from Lat. 49° to the Arctic
coast, Behring's Straits, and islands. (Gray.} In the bed of Bow
Eiver at Morley and thence into the Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
Rocky Mountains, Bow River Pass. (Bourgeau.) Heights of the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Fort Norman to the Arctic
coast. (Richardson.) Islands of Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Cape
Newenham. (Nelson.) Kotzebue Sound to Wainwright Island.
(Rothr. Alask.)

(1436.) A. occ id entails, Pursh.

Generally on dry gravelly or sandy soil. Sandy island at the mouth
of Rainy River. (Macoun.) Base of Pembina Mountain, 49th paral-
lel ; also on a gravel ridge along the Belly River west of Fort McLeod.
(Dawson.) On arid soil, Spence's Bridge, Thompson River, B. C.
(Macoun.)

(1437.) A. septentrionalis, Linn.

From the Saskatchewan to the heights of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) North to Lat. 68° on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.')
Along the Saskatchewan near Fort Pitt ; Bad Hills south of Eagle Hills,
and gravel ridges in the Cypress Hills and along the Bow River near
Morley ; frequent along the railway from Brandon westward. (Macoun.)
South of Moose Mountains, and abundant on the Souris Plain.
(J. M. Macoun, 0. P. R. Coll.) Winnipeg and North-west Angle
Road ; near Badger Creek, on the prairie ; and on the prairie near
Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Very abundant and tall in
the Athabasca district and westward into northei'n British Columbia.
(Macoun.) West summit of the North Kootanie Pass ; also, Curt-ya
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound and Chamisso Island, and
Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.) Between the Coppermine River and
Cape Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31' west. (Dease.)

379. DOUCLASIA, Lindl.

(1438.) D. nivalis, Lindl.

Near the sources of the Columbia at an elevation of 12,000 feet above
the level of the sea. (Douglas.)

312 GEOLOGICAL StJRVEf Of CANADA.

(1439.) D. arctica, Hook.

Arctic seashore between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers.
(Richardson.')

380. DODECATHEON, Linn. (AMERICAN COWSLIP.)

(1440.) D. Meadia, Linn.

D. integrifolium, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 118.

Grassy moist prairies. Abundant at and near Brandon and westward
to Moose Jaw Creek ; boggy ground west of the Touchwood Hills ; in
the valley of Bow Eiver at Morley. (Macoun.) Moose Mountain
Creek and Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun, 0. P. R. Coll.} Near Turtle
Mountain, on the prairie, also near Badger Creek and westward to the
Rocky Mountains on the 49th parallel ; Fossil Coulee, Milk River Ridge.
(Dawson.~) Near Carlton and on prairies of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.)

Var. macrocarpum, Gray.

Damp grassy places at Victoria, Vancouver Island ; also, at the base
of the cliffs close to Yale, B. C. (Macoun & Hill.) Vicinity of
Victoria. (Dawson & Fletcher.) From Lat. 49° to Alaska. (Gray.)
Sitka, Kotzebue Sound, and Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. lancifolium, Gray.

On an island at Kanaka Bar, Fraser River, B.C., not elsewhere seen.
(Hill.) This form has both leaves and stem covered with glandular
hairs as well as the pedicels and calyx.

Var. frigidum, Gray.

D. frigidum, Cham & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. II., 119.

West side of the Rocky Mountains. ( Douglas.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Capt. Beechy.) Arctic seashore. (Capt. Sack.)

Var. latilobum, Gray.

D. dentatum, Hook. Fl. II., 119 (?).

Somewhere near the Columbia. (Douglas.) Cascade Mountains,
British Columbia or Washington Territory. (Gray.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 313

381. TRIENTALIS, Linn. (STAR-FLOWER.)

(1441.) T. Americana, Pursh. Chickweed Wintergreen.

T. Europcea, Michx. Fl. I., 200.

Damp gi*assy woods, quite common. Newfoundland, Labrador,
Anticosti and the Maritime provinces, westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario, and through the wooded country to Lake Manitoba.
(Macoun.) West to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

(1442.) T. Europcea, Linn.

Along the Thompson River above Lytton, B.C. (Dawson.) Near
Stuart Lake, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.) Cassiar, B.C.
(Cowley.) Sitka and Norton Sound. (Eothr. Alask.) Sitka. (Meehan.)
Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.)

Yar. arctica, Ledeb.

T. arctica, Fischer. Hook. Fl. II., 121.

Mountains from Lat. 49° to Aleutian Islands and Behring's Straits.
(Gray.') Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.) Near McLeod's Lake,
northern British Columbia, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) Iltasyouco River,
B.C. (Dawson.) Western shores and islands from Sandy Bay in
Clarence Straits to Ounalashka. (Hooker.) Kanesburg, Alaska.
(Meehan.) Remarkable for its glandular pedicels.

Yar. latifblia, Torr.

T. latifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 121.

North-west Coast. (Hooker.) Damp thickets, near Yictoria, Yan-
couver Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.)

382. STEIRONEMA, Raf. (LOOSESTRIFE.)
(1443.) S. ciliatum, Raf.

Lysimachia ciliata, Linn. Gray, Man., 315. Macoun's Cat., No. 1211.
In damp thickets from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward
throughout Quebec and Ontario, thence westward to the prairie region
where it is extremely abundant near small ponds and through the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast.

(1444.) S. lanceolatum, Gray.

Lysimachia lanceolata, Walt. Gray, Man., 315. Macoun's Cat., No. 1217.
Low grounds and thickets, western Ontario. (Gray.) Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (Day.) Yicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.)

314 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1445.) S. longifolium, Gray.

Ly&imachia longifolia, Gray, Man., 316. Macoun's Cat., No. 1215.
L. revoluta, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II. , 122.

Banks of streams, Lake Winnipeg to Niagara. (Gray.} Frequent
in crevices of rocks at Niagara Falls and swampy shore of Lake Huron
at Red Bay ; also, marshes at Point Edward near Sarnia. (Macoun.)
Swamp near Niagara Falls and vicinity of London. (Burgess.) Islands
in the Detroit River, and at Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Colling-
wood, Ont. (Logic.}

383. LYSIMACHIA, Linn. (LOOSESTRIFE.)

(1446.) L. quadrifolia, Linn.

Sandy or gravelly soil, not common, New Brunswick. (Gray.}
Rocky woods, Grimsthorpe, Addington Co., and Elziver, Hastings
Co. ; also, Rice Lake Plains and at Port Dover Junction, near Lake
Erie. (Macoun.) East Flamboro', near Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.)
Sandwich, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Burg ess & Fowler.)
Point Albino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)

(1447.) L. stricta, Ait.

L. racemosa, Lam. Michx. Fl. L, 128.

Common in low meadows along brooks and rivers from Anticosti,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, westward throughout Quebec and
Ontario to six miles west of Thunder Bay . (Macoun.) Newfoundland
to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.)

(1448.) L. punctata, Linn. ft. verticillata, English Botany.
L. verticillata, Bieb. - DC. Prodr. Vol. VIII, 65.

Quite common along roadsides and in fields near Annapolis, N.S. ;
also in some old gardens at Belleville, Ont. Very likely introduced
from France. (Macoun.)

(1449.) L. nummularia, Linn. Moneywort.

Sparingly naturalized in old gardens and by brooks in lawns and
parks. Old gardens at Belleville and Campbellford, Ont. (Macoun.)
Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1450.) L. thyrsiflora, Linn.

L. capitata, Pursh Fl. I., 135.
Swamps and By cold brooks or in springs from Nova Scotia, and New

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 315

Brunswick, westward throughout Canada to the Pacific and northward
to the Mackenzie Eiver and north-westward to Alaska.

384. CLAUX, Linn. (SEA MILK WORT.)

(1451.) C. maritima, Linn.

Salt marshes along the coast of the Atlantic and Gulf of St. Lawrence
from Newfoundland and Labrador to the coast of Maine. Common
in the prairie region on the borders of saline lakes and marshes, also
in the interior of British Columbia and along the coast in marshes to
Alaska.

385. ANACALLIS, Linn. (PIMPERNEL.)

(1452.) A. arvensis, Linn.

Naturalized in a few places. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill
Coll. Herb.') Ballast heaps and along the harbor, Pictou, N.S. (Macoun
& McKay.} Digby, Granville and Annapolis, N.S. (How.} St.
Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.) Ballast heaps, St. John, N. B. (Hay.)
Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) On the sides of the
streets in Kingston, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.*)

386. CENTUNCULUS, Linn. (CHAFFWEED.)
(1453.) C. minimus, Linn.

C. lanceolatus, Michx. Fl. I., 93.

Low damp places on the prairie, at the Bad Hills south-east of the
Eagle Hills ; also near the Hand Hills, and in damp spots at Reed Lake
west of Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.)

387. SAMOLUS, Linn. (BROQKWEED, WATER PIMPERNEL,)

»

(1454.) S. Valerandi, Linn. Var. Americanus, Gray.
8. Valerandi, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 122.

Wet places especially in or along spring brooks. Muddy shore of a
small brook at Kouchibougauc, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Swamps between Canniffton and Belle-

316 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

ville, and in a swamp, one mile east of Campbellford, Northumberland
Co., Ont. ; also along Indian River, near Owen Sound. (Macoun.} St.
Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.} In the vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Swhan.) Neighborhood of London, Ont. {Burgess.} Vicinity of
Toronto. {Fowler.} Mount Edgecomb, North-west Coast. (Scouler.}

LXI. OLEACE^E. OLIVE FAMILY.
388. FRAXINUS, Linn. (ASH.)

(1455.) F. Americana, Linn. (White Ash.)

F. epiptera, Michx. Hook. Fl. I., 50.
F. acuminata, Lam. Pursh Fl. I., 9.

Eich woods, becoming a fine tree both in the forest and along old
fences. Not very common in Nova Scotia, but rather more so in New
Brunswick, increasingly so in Quebec, and quite common in Ontario
where it is a valuable and important tree. Whycocomah, Cape Breton,
is its eastern limit as far as known, and its western one at Owen Sound,
but it is likely to be found much farther west.

(1456.) F. pubescens, Lam. Red Ash or River Ash.

On alluvium along rivers and margins of lakes, not in swamps. A
fine tree with light easily splitting wood often named "Rim Ash"
on this account. Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.} Not noticed in New
Brunswick. Vicinity of Montreal ; also Beauharnois Co., Q., and at
Kemptville, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Gatineau Point and other
suitable localities in the vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher & Whyte.}
Not uncommon at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} River banks and margins
of lakes throughout Ontario and westward to Red Deer River at the
head of Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53° and in the valleys of the Red
and Assiniboine rivers.

(145*7.) F. viridis, Michx. Green Ash.

F. Americana, Hook. Fl. II., 51.

F. Caroliniana, Pursh Fl. I., 9.

F. juglandifolia, Willd. Pursh Fl. I., 9.

Valley of Sydenham River, near Owen Sound, Ont. ; valleys of the
Assiniboine and Red rivers west to Shell River above Fort Ellice.
Dirt Hills along the margin of the Souris Plain. (Macoun} Vicinity
of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.} The distribution of this and the preceding
species is not very well understood, and collectors are earnestly
requested to pay more attention to trees in their collecting of specimens.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 31 1

(1458.) F. quadrangulata, Michx. Blue Ash.

Abundant on Pelee Island and Pelee Point, Lake Erie, and possibly
on other points on the shores of that lake. (Macoun.)

(1459.) F. Oregana, Nutt. Oregon Ash.

F. pubescens, Willd. Var. /?. Hook. Fl. II, 51-

Seen growing at Victoria, Vancouver Island. Indigenous. [?]
(Meehan.~) The specimens seen by Mr. Meehan are introduced, but
the tree is probably indigenous in the lower valley of Fraser Eiver, B.C.

(1460.) F. sambucifolia, Lam. Black or Swamp Ash.

Swamps and river bottoms from Anticosti, on Becscie Eiver through-
out Canada to the western side of Lake Superior, where it ascends the
Kaministiquia River, about two miles ; also on Nipigon River and
east side of Nipigon Lake. This is the most plentiful tree of the series
and in Ontario grows to an immense size.

389. LICUSTRUM, Linn. (PRIVET.)

(1461.) L. vulgare, Linn.

Scarcely naturalized, but occasionally met with in old gardens and
along fences near where houses have stood. Well established near
Clifton, Niagai-a Falls. (David F. Day.) Naturalized at Delaware,
Ont. (McGitt Coll. Herb.}

LXII. APOCYNACE^E. DOGBANE FAMILY.
39O. APOCYNUM, Linn.

(1462.) A. androsaemifolium, Linn. Spreading Dogbane.

Borders of thickets and along fences and in old fields from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. The form which is most frequently found from
Anticosti throughout Canada, has its leaves pubescent underneath,
while the Rocky Mountain plant is perfectly smooth in every part.
There are three forms of this species.

Var. incanum, A. DC.

The downy-leaved fbrm which is found eastward.

Var. glabrum,

The normal form, but seems to be wanting in eastern Canada. Koo-
tanie Valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.}

318 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Yar. pumilum, Gray.

A very low and peculiar round-leaved form which extends north-
ward to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.')

(1463.) A. cannabinum, Linn. Indian Hemp.

This species has nearly the same range as the last and the forms
vary just as much. Three forms of this species are likewise recognised.

Var. pubescens,

A. pubescens, Torrey Fl. I., 276.

In the blown sand along the shore of Lake Erie at Point Pelee.
(Macoun.} Possibly not uncommon.

Var. glaberrimum, DC.

This, we take, as the common eastern form. All our specimens from
the older provinces are of this type.

Yar. hypericifolium, Gray.

A. hypericifolium, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 52.

Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} Frequent
in grassy thickets from Manitoba to the Eocky Mountains and British
Columbia, All the forms of these two species should be collected and
examined, so that we may be enabled to speak decisively of their dis-
tribution.

LXIII. ASCLEPIADACE^E.
391. ASCLEPIAS, Linn. (MILKWEED. SILKWEED.)

(1464.) A. tuberosa, Linn. Pleurisy-root.

Abundant in the vicinity of Belleville and westward towards Tren-
ton, Ont. ; Bice Lake Plains and northward into Peterboro' and
Yictoria counties. (Macoun.} Flamboro' near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.}
Niagara Falls and Maiden. (Maclagan.} Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.} Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.} Whirlpool, Niagara Eiver, and
at Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.}

(1465.) A. incarnata, Linn. Swamp Milkweed.

A. amcma, Willd. Pursh. Fl. I., 181.

In marshes and ditches quite common in Ontario. Keswick Valley,
N.B. (Prof. Bailey.} Lower Norton and Hammond Eiver, N.B.
(Brittain.} Charlotte County, N.B. ( Vroom.} Abundant from Quebec
westward to Owen Sound. (Macoun.} Lake of the "Woods. (Dawson.}
Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 319

(1466.) A. speciosa, Torr.

A. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. II., 53.

Not rare on the prairie from Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Border of a stream near Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) Medicine Hat and Maple Creek, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.)

(1467.) A. Cornuti, Decaisne. Common Milkweed.
A. Syriaca, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 53.

Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Abundant in fields and borders
of thickets from the Island of Orleans westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario to Owen Sound. (Macoun.'} Canada to the Saskatchewan.
(Richardson.}

(1468.) A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. Poke Milkweed.
A. nivea, Sims. Hook. Fl. II., 52.

Borders of woods and old fields at Belleville, Ont., rather rare.
(Macoun.) Rather rare at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Vicinity of
Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Maiden and islands in Detroit River.
(Maclagan.) Port Stanley Railway Track common. (Saunders.)
Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Coldstream, Ont. (McGill
Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.}

(1469.) A. ovalifolia, Decaisne. Oval-leaved Milkweed.
A. variegata, var. minor, Hook. Fl. II., 52.

Very abundant throughout Manitoba and westward towards the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Red River Prairie and Pembina
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Moose Mountain and westward
on the Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. E. Coll.} Plains of the
Red River and banks of the Assiniboine, and west to the Saskatchewan
at Carlton. (Drummond.)

(1470.) A. quadrifolia, Linn. Four-leaved Milkweed.

Dry soil, rare in Ontario. Canada. (Dr, Beck.} Adolphustown,
BayofQuinte. (E. M. Stark.} Vicinity of Napanee, Ont. (Rev. John
Scott.)

(1471.) A. verticillata, Linn. Whorled Milkweed.

Vicinity of Niagara Falls. (Burgess.} Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.}
Abundant on the alluvial plains of the Red River, and banks of the
Saskatchewan near Fort Carlton. (Douglas.) Sparingly between
Winnipeg and Portage La Prairie. (Macoun.) Stony Mountain, Man.
(Fletcher.)

320 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(14*72.) A. purpurascens, Linn. Purple Milkweed.
Maiden, and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)

Excluded Species.

Asclepias obtusifolia, Michx.

A. variegata, Linn.

I have no authentic record of the discovery of these species and in
the absence of specimens, am totally unable to know what species
they represent. The latter was said to have been found at Hamil-
ton, Ont., by the late Judge Logie.

392. ACERATES, Ell. (GREEN MILKWEED.)
(1473.) A. viridiflora, Ell. '

Asclepias viridiflora, Kaf. Hook. Fl. II., 53.

On dry or gravelly soil from Niagara Falls westward to the Rocky
Mountains. Head of Lake Erie. (Goldie.) About Fort Carlton.
(Richardson.*) On the sand hills near Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.)
Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

Var. lanceolata, Gray.

Asclepias mridiflora, Raf. Var. lanceolata, Hook. Fl. II., 53.
On the sand beaches of Point Pelee, Lake Erie ; also in numerous
places in Manitoba and North-west Territories. (Macoun.) On a sand
beach at Point Edward, foot of Lake Huron. (J. M. Maccun.) Banks
of the Red River. (Douglas.) About Fort Carlton. (Richardson.)

Var. linear is, Gray.

This variety has linear leaves and low stems ; umbels often solitary.
Winnipeg Valley. (Gray.) Banks of the Assiniboine River ; Pine
Creek on sand dunes ; and on sand hills at the confluence of the
Qu'Appelle and Assiniboine rivers. (Macoun.)

LXIV. GENTIANACE^. GENTIAN FAMILY.
393. SABBATI A, Adns. (AMERICAN CENTAURY.)

(14*74.) S. angularis, Pursh.

Rich soil, western Ontario. (Gray.) This species as a Canadian
plant is unknown to me.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 321

394. GENTIANA, Linn. (GENTIAN,)

(1475.) C. ventricosa, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 65.

Grand Kapids of the Saskatchewan between Cumberland House and
Lake Winnipeg. (Drummond.)

(1476.) C. crinita, Frcel.

Vicinity of Quebec and Island of Orleans. (Thomas.} Zwicks Island,
Belleville, Ont. ; Oak Hills, Sidney, Hastings Co., Eice Lake Plains
and Presqu'ile Point, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.) Prince's Island, near
Hamilton, Ont. (JJogie.) Moist woods two miles east of London, Ont.
(Saunders.) Palledeau Islands, northern part of Lake Huron. (R. Bell.}
Niagara Eiver. Specimens approaching G. detonsa. (David F. Day.}
Roseau Eiver, along the banks of the stream, 49th parallel. (Daivson.)
Very abundant on grassy prairie three miles north of Livingstone, on
Swan Eiver, Lat. 52°. (Macoun.) Toronto Island. (Burgess & Fowler.}

(1477.) C. serrata, Gunner.

G. detonsa, Fries. Hook. Fl. II., 64. Macoun's Cat., No. 1431.
Wet grounds, by streams, and on rocks, Newfoundland. (Gray*}
Abundant but very short and branching at South-west Point and Salt
Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Island of Orleans, in the St. Lawrence.
(Thomas.) On rocks close to Niagara Falls above the cataract ; also
on the shores of Eed Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.) Niagara Eiver,
Navy Island, and Sandwich. (Maclagan.) Along the Maitland Eiver
near Goderich. (James Macnab.} Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.}
Along the south fork of Belly Eiver, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Abun-
dant in the valley of the Bow Eiver from the Blackfoot Crossing to
Morley ; and along the North Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and
Edmonton. (Macoun.) From Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan to
the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) From Cumberland House to
Slave and Bear lakes and northward to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.)
Point Barrow to Mackenzie Eiver and Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.)
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(1478.) C. tenella, Eottb. Hook. Fl. II., 63.

At Behring's Strait, on the shore of the sea at Kotzebue Sound.
(Chamisso.) Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1479.) C. auriculata, Pall.

Islands between north-eastern Asia and America and possibly on the
North-west American coast. (Gray.)
9

322 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1480.) C. Amarella, Linn. Var. acuta, Hook. f.

G. acuta, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 63. Macoun's Cat., No. 1430.

Labrador and Lower Canada to Alaska and southward along the
Rocky Mountains to Lat. 49°. (Gray.} On flats, Caribou, Labrador.
(Butler.} South-west Point, and at Jupiter River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) At the mouth of the Restigouche, N.B. (Chalmers.)
Island Falls, mouth of St. John River, N.B. (Hay.} Keswick
Ridge, N.B. (G. H. Burnett.} Coast of Gasp6 from Cape Rosier to
Ste. Anne des Monts. (Macoun.) Trois Pistoles, Q., at the coast.
(D. A. P. Watt.} Riviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.} From the Lake of the
Woods (Macoun.} across the whole interior to Queen Charlotte
Islands. (Dawson.} Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.}
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) At St. Francis, Metapedia, N.B. (Fletcher.)

Var. stricta, Watson.

G. acuta, Michx. Var. stricta, Hook. Fl. II., 63.

Frequent on open grassy prairies from Winnipeg westward to
the Rocky Mountains. Easily distinguished by its strict habit and
usually copious and light colored flowers. (Macoun.) Turtle
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.}

Var. ten U is, Gray.

G. tennis, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 63.

Cumberland House to Bear Lake ; also along the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson.}

(1481.) C. aurea, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 61.

G. Aleutica, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. II., 61.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1482.) C. propinqua, Richards.

On hillsides at Amour and lowlands at Bonne Espdrance, Labrador.
(W. A. Stearns.) Labrador. (Gray.) Coast of Hudson Bay west of
York Factory. (R. Bell.) Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Bourgeau.) Cumberland House to Bear Lake, and Bear Lake River.
(Richardson.) Alpine swamps in Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound, Port Clarence, and Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1483.) C. arctophila, Griseb.

This species has a var. densijlora like the preceding, but owing to
a paucity of specimens I do not consider it necessary to separate them.
The Rocky Mountain specimens are said to be the variety in this case.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 323

Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Kocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Kocky Mountains between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.)

(1484.) C. quinqueflora, Lam.
G. amarelloides, Pursh Fl. I., 186.

Moist hillsides in Ontario. Vicinity of Kingston and Toronto.
(Burgess.} Hillside, Hamilton Township near Cobourg, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Delaware, Ont. (McGill Coll Herb.)

(1485.) G. Douglasiana, Bong.

Alaska to Oregon. (Gray.) In swamps ; abundant at Fort Mac-
Loughlin, Mill bank Sound, North-west Coast. (Dr. Tolmie.) On the
island of Sitka. (Mertens.) In the marshes of the North-west Coast.
(Scouler.) Cassiar, northern British Columbia. (Cowley.)

(1486.) C. hum! I is, Stev.
Will likely be found in the Eocky Mountains about Lat. 49°.

(1487.) C. prostrata, Htenke.

Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Rocky Mountains"
between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Bay of Good Hope, Alaska.
(Chamisso.) Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr. Alask.)

(1488.) C. glauca, Pall.

Higher and northern Rocky Mountains to Kotzebue Sound. (Gray.)
In the Rocky Mountains between Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Klootch-
oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) Kotzebue Sound and Wainwright Inlet.
(Eothr. Alask.)

(1489.) C. frigida, Hsenke.
St. Paul, and Shumgin Islands off the north coast of Alaska. (Gray.)

(1490.) C. calycosa, Griseb.
In the Rocky or Cascade Mountains, Lat. 49°, B.C. (Lyall.)

(1491.) C. platypetala, Griesb. Hook. Fl. II., 58.

On the Island of Sitka, where it was found during the second expedi-
tion of Capt. Kotzebue. (Hooker.)

(1492.) C. sceptrum, cJriseb. Hook. Fl. II., 57.

In the mountains of southern British Columbia. (Gray.) In the
valley of Pitt River, B.C. (Hill.) Vancouver Island. (Cowley.)

324 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1493.) C. Oregana, Engelm.

Southern boundary of British Columbia, Lat. 49°. (Lyall.)

(1494.) C. afflniS, Griseb.

From Carlton to Edmonton along the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)
Valleys of the Eocky Mountains. (Douglas.') Common on the western
part of the prairie region, and passing into the next to the eastward.
(Macoun.) Near White Mud Eiver, and west of the Souris in the
Missouri Coteau, 49th parallel ; slopes of the South Kootanie Pass and
North Fork of Old Man Kiver, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(1495.) C. puberula, Michx.

This species is genei-ally confounded with the preceding, but a careful
examination of all specimens from east of the 110th meridian, places
them under this species. Our most westerly specimens are from 100
miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) Prairie west of Eed Eiver.
(Dawson.) On the Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)

1496.) C. saponaria, Linn.

Moist woods, western Ontario. (Gray.) Fort Erie, Ont. (David
F. Day.)

(1497.) C. Andrews!!, Griseb.

Moist ground along rivers and brooks. Vicinity of Quebec ; also,
Island of Orleans. (Thomas.) St. Andrews and Gloucester, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.) Common on sand by the side of the Eiver Eouge,
and shores of lakes and swamps, Ottawa Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Near St.
Louis dam and several other places near Ottawa. (FletcJier Fl. Ott.)
Low banks of the Nation Eiver at the crossing of the St. Lawrence
Eailway; also, banks of the Eideau near Kemptville, Ont. (Billings.)
Low grounds along the Salmon Eiver at Shannonville, near the Eail-
way Bridge ; banks of the Trent at Campbellford ; and along the
Grand Trunk at Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. Kingston, Chippewa and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Fort Erie,
Ont. (David F. Day.) Borders of English's Creek, near London,
Ont. Low ground, Humber Flats, near Toronto. (Fowler.) Abundant
at Current Eiver, Thunder Bay, near Port Arthur. (Macoun.)

(1498.) C. alba, Muhl.

G. ocliroleuca, Froel. Hook. Fl. II., 56.

Low grounds and meadows, western Ontario to Lake Superior.
(Gray.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Border of a field near Fort

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 325

William, Thunder Bay and sparingly along the north-east coast of
Lake Superior and northward to Lake Nipigon ; also, at Heely Falls
on the Trent, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun} Humber Flats,
near Toronto. (Fowler.')

(1499.) C- linearis, Froel.

G. saponaria, var. linearis, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 55.
G. Pneumonanthe, Willd. Pursh Fl. I., 185.

Near Welford Station, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Nashwaaksis,
N.B. (Moser.} Quebec, near Beauport. (Thomas.) In the neighbor-
hood of Quebec and at Lake St. Charles. (Sheppard} Shewegan Falls,
St. Maurice Eiver. (Maclagan} Marsh at Chicken Bay, Lake
Huron ; also in marshy meadows at Point Edward near Sarnia, Ont.
(Macoun.~) North shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi?)

Var. lanceolata, Gray.

Minnesota and along Lake Superior. (Gray.} It is probable that
it is this form which occurs at Lakes Huron and Superior.

395. PLEUROCYNE, Eschsch.

(1500.) P. rotata, Griseb.

Labrador and Hudson Bay to the high north-west coast and Kotzebue
Sound. (Gray.} On the flats at Caribou, and shores of Esquimaux
Eiver, also Bonne Espe*rance. Labrador. (Butler.} Along the coast
of Anticosti above Jupiter River. Very abundant in the valley of
Little Arm Eiver, Long. 106' west ; and margins of ponds west of
Edmonton on the Saskatchewan ; also, at Tail Creek near Buffalo Lake,
Lat. 52°. (Macoun.} Between Cumbei'land House and Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.} Kotzebue Sound, Eiver Buckland and Arctic Coast.
(Rothr. Alask} Newfoundland, Labrador and Mackenzie Eiver.
(McGill Coll. Herb} Greenland. (Hook. Arct, PI}

(1501.) P. Carinthiaca, Griseb. Var. pusilla, Gray.

Swertia pusilla, Pursh Fl. I., 101.

P. rotata, var. Americana, Hook. Fl. II., 66.

Labrador. (Hooker} South-west Point, and mouth of Jupiter
Eiver, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Eiviere-du-Loup, St. Lawrence Eiver, Q.
(Thomas} Sea shore at Cacouna, Q. (L. D. Mignault}

326 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

396. SWERTIA, Linn.

(1502.) S. perennis, Linn. Var. obtusa, Griseb.
North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Kodiak*Island, Alaska. (Eothr. Alask.)

397. FRASERA, Walt. (AMERICAN COLUMBO.)
(1503.) F. Carolinensis, Walt.

F. Walteri, Michx. Fl. I., 97.

Vicinity of Hamilton, Out. (Logic.') NearQueenston,Ont. (David
F. Day.) On the slopes of Queenston Heights near the railway.
(Macoun.) Along the Great Western Eailway east of Paris, Ont.
(Greo. Prescott.)

398. HALENIA, Borckh. (SPURRED GENTIAN.)

(1504.) H. deflexa, Griseb.

Swertia cornieulata, Michx. Fl. I., 97, not Linn.

Forteau Bay, Labrador. (Miss Brodie.) On the hillsides at Amour
and the lowlands at Bonne Espe"rance, Labrador. (W. E. Stearns.)
Labrador. (Butler.) Damp woods and barrens, St. John Co. ; and at
Kestigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant along the Gasp£ coast
and on the summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains. (Macoun.)
pommon at Riviere-du-Loup. (Thomas.) Spencer Wood, near Quebec.
(Mrs. Percival.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.) Neighbor-
hood of London, Ont. (Burgess.^ Shore of the Georgian Bay at
Collingwood ; also, shore of Bed Bay, Lake Huron ; and very abundant
around the noi'th shore of Lake Superior ; also around Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) Sault Ste. Marie. (E. Bell.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)
Norway House to Canada. (Richardson.) Rocky Mountains. (Drum-
mond.) From Lake Manitoba westward through the wooded country
to the North Saskatchewan near Edmonton. (Macoun.) Abundant at
Dalhousie, N.B. (Fletcher.)

Var. Brentoniana, Gray.

H. Brentoniana, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 68.
H. heterantha, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 68.

Newfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) South-west Point, Anticosti, and
a few other places on the island. (Macoun.) Harbor Grace, New-
foundland. (McGtill Coll. Herb.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 32*7

399. BARTONIA, Muhl.
(1505.) B. tenella, Muhl.

Centaurella autumnalis, Pursh Fl. I., 100.
Open woods, Newfoundland. (Gray.)

400. MENYANTHES, Linn. (BUCKBEAN.)

(1506.) M. trifoliata, Linn.

Quite common in bogs, swamps and slow flowing streams from
Labrador, Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick,
westward to the Pacific and northward to the Mackenzie, Ounalashka
and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(1507.) M. Crista-galli, Menzies.

Vittarsia Crista-galli, Griseb. Hook. Fl. II., 70.

Marshy ground, coast of British Columbia to Alaska. (Gray.)
Port Edgecombe. (Menzies.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

401. LIMNANTHEMUM, Cmelin. (FLOATING HEART.)

(1508.) L. lacunosum, Griseb.

Vittarsia lacunosa, Vent. Pursh Fl. L, 139.

Shallow ponds and lakes not common. At the outlet of a small
lake, two miles from North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Lakes
between Windsor and Halifax. (Rev. J. B. Uniacke.) Several localities
in Kings Co., N.B. (Brittain.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Abun-
dant in a lake near the residence of Mr. King, Salmon River, Queen's
Co., N.B. (Hay.} Very abundant in the Bushkong lakes ; also in
Cushogg and St. Norah's lakes, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Lake
Joseph, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Ste. Anne's near Montreal. (Mrs.
Girdwood.)

LXV. POLEMONIACE^E. POLEMONIUM FAMILY.
4O2. PHLOX, Linn. (PHLOX.)

(1509.) P. pilosa, Linn.

Phlox aristata, Michx. Palliser's Report, page 259.
Dry sandy woods, western Ontario and west to the Saskatchewan.

1328 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(Gray.) ? Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Dry, sandy woods near Am-
herstburgh, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.)

(1510.) P. divaricata, Linn. Blue Phlox.

Damp woods, quite common in western Ontario. At Casselman on
the Canada Atlantic Eailway, 20 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher. ,)
Rocky woodlands, Carleton Place near Ottawa. (Macoun.) Rocky
woodlands west of Brockville, abundant. (Billings.) Abundant from
Kingston westward to Owen Sound in rich woods.

(1511.) P. SUbulata, Linn. Ground or Moss Pink.

Dry sandy hills or woods, western Ontario, Sand hills near Simcoe,
Norfolk Co. (Dr. Nicholl.) Near Cayuga, Ont. (Mr. Wiltons.)

(1512.) P. Richardsonii, Hook. Fl. II., 73.

Arctic Sea coast, July, 1826. (Richardson.) West of the Mackenzie.
(Capt. Pullen.)

(1513.) P. Hoodii, Richards.

Sandy plains and hills of the Saskatchewan from Fort Carl ton to the
Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eagle and Red Deer Hills on the
Saskatchewan, abundant. (Douglas.) On ridges, Moose Mountain.
(J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Dry gravelly knolls and ridges from
Manitoba to the Rocky Mountains in the northern part of the
prairie region. (Macoun.)

(1514.) P. canescens, Torr. & Gray.

Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) On the more southern
prairies and Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) This species and the preceding
flower early in May and have white flowers.

(1515.) P. Douglasii, Hook.

On the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of perpetual snow.
(Douglas.) Wigwam River, Kootanie Valley, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)

Var. d iff usa, Gray.

Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.) Cold water River, Cascade
Mountains above Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) The calyx of this form is
covered with long cobwebby hairs, and is unlike the figure in Hooker
which is identical with the specimens from Wigwam River.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 329

(1516.) P. Sibirica, Linn.
Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr. Alash.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI')

(151T.) P. longifolia, Nutt.

P. speciosa, var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 72.

Southern border of British Columbia. (Gray.') Sub-alpine range of
the Rocky Mountains near the margin of perpetual snow. (Douglas.)

(1518.) P. linearifolia, Gray.

P. speciosa, var. «. Hook. Fl. II., 72.

In the Similkameen Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) The specimens are
perfectly glabrous and the leaves linear and very narrow.

(1519.) P. speciosa, Pursh.

Along the southern border of British Columbia. (Bot. Calif. I., 486.)

403. COLLOMIA, Mutt.

(1520.) C. linearis, Nutt.

On the sands at the mouth of Eel River, Restigouchc Co. ; also on
the high rocky hill towards Dalhousie, N.B. (Fowler's Cat. & Fletcher.)
From Fort Francis on Rainy River across the prairies and westward
to Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.) From Lake Winnipeg
across the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia. (Douglas.) From the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin, Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Red River
prairie and westward along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(1521.) C. gracilis, Dougl.

Abundant on dry hills in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Hill.)

(1522.) C. heterophylla, Hook.

Southern part of British Columbia. (Gray.)

4O4. CILIA, Ruiz. & Pav.

(1523.) C. liniflora, Benth. Var. pharnaceoides, Gray.

O. pharnaceoides, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 74.
Southern border of British Columbia. (Gray.)

330 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1524) G. tenella, Benth.

Quito common in spring on gravelly hillsides near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun.)

(1525.) G. squarrosa, Hook. & Arn.

Navarretia pungens, Benth. Hook. FL II., 75.

On dry or gravelly slopes, vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Dawson & Fletcher.}

(1526.) C. intertexta, Steud.

Navarretia intertexta, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 75.

G. minima, Gray. Dawson, Bound. Sur. Rep., page 370.

Vicinity of Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.') On arid soil
north of the Cypress Hills and at the Eed Deer Lakes west of the
Elbow of South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)

(1527.) C. aggregata, Spreng.

G. pulchella, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 74.
Cantua aggregata, Pursh Fl. I., 147.

On dry benches along Whip Saw Creek, near its confluence with the
Similkameen River, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1528.) C. minutiflora, Benth.(?)

In the dry interior of British Columbia, between Spence's Bridge
and Cache Creek on the Thompson Eiver. (Fletcher & Hill.')

(1529.) C. capitata, Dougl.

Cantua parviflora, Pursh Fl. II., 730.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(1530.) C. inconspicua, Dougl.

Cantua parviflora, Pursh FL II., 730.
On dry hillsides, southern British Columbia. (Gray.)

405. POLEMONIUM, Linn. (GREEK VALERIAN.)

(1531.) P. confertum, Gray.

Alpine region of the Eocky Mountains about Lat. 49°. (Gray.}
Summit of South Kootanie Pass ; and western summit of North Koo-
tanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.')

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 331

(1532.) P. hum Me, Willd.

P. cseruleum, var. humile, Hook. Fl. II., 71.

From Lat. 66° to the Arctic Sea coast, in deep sand. (Richardson.) -
Arctic coast to St. Paul's and the Shumagin Islands. (Gray.) West
of the Mackenzie Eiver. (Dease.) Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon Eiver, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)

Var. puichellum, Gray.

P. cseruleum, var. pvlcherrimum, Hook. Fl. II., 71.
P. pulcherrimum, Hook. Bot. Mag. t, 2979.

Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° ; also, western summit of
the North Kootanie Pass, Kocky Mountains. (Dawson.) In the bed
and along the slopes of Blackwater River at the crossing of the
Telegraph Trail, B.C. (Macoun.)

(1533.) P. caeruleum, Linn.

P. cseruleum, var. vulgare, Hook. Fl. II., 71.

Canada. (Sheppard.) Along the base of the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.') Bliguck Lake, north-
ern British Columbia. (Dawson.) Norton Sound to Point Barrow ;
islands of St. George, Ounalashka and Chamisso. (Rothr. Alask.)

Var. acutiflorum, Ledeb.

High north-west coast and Aleutian Islands. (Gray.)

(1534.) P. micranthum, Benth.

Damp grassy places, above Boston Bar, on the Wagon Road, along
the Fraser, B.C. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)

LXVI. HYDRO PHYLLACB^B. WATER-LEAF FAMILY.
406. HYDROPHYLLUM, Linn. (WATER-LEAF.)

(1535.) H. capitatum, Dougl.

On gravelly hillsides, western summit of the North Kootanie Pass ;
also in the Cascade Mountains on Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1536.) H. Virginicum, Linn.

Woodfield, near Quebec, 1820. (Sheppard.) Nicolet, Montreal and
Eastern Townships. (Maclagan.) Beauharnois Co., Q. (McGill Coll.

332 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Herb.) Common in rich woods from the River Ottawa westward
throughout Ontario to the Georgian Bay. (Macoun.) North-west coast
of America. (Scouler.) Washington Territory and north to Alaska.
(Gray.)

(153*7.) H. Canadense, Linn.

Rich damp woods, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logic,.') Neighborhood of London, Ont. (burgess.) Woods two
miles west of Collingwood ; also in woods at Jones' Falls, and along
the road leading to Sydenham Falls, Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Rich,
woody ravine, Sable, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1538.) H. appendiculatum, Michx.

Damp woodlands, western Ontario. Abundant in thickets on Pelee
Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity
of Cove and elsewhere, around London, Ont. (Burgess & Saunders.)

407. NEMOPHILA, Nutt. (NEMOPHILA.)

(1539.) N. parviflora, .Dougl.

N. pedunculate, Hook. Fl. II., 79.

Two forms of this species are common in early spring in the vicinity
of Victoria, Vancouver Island. The taller form is identical with speci-
mens from Washington Territory, but the smaller, which has been
raised from seed by Mr. Fletcher is very much branched, and lies pros-
trate on the ground both when cultivated and in a wild state. I very
much doubt their identity.

408. ELLISIA, Linn. (ELLISIA.)

(1540.) E. Nyctelea, Linn.

In thickets where the fire has run through in the southern part of
the prairie region. Eastern crossing of the Souris River, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) In thickets at the base of the Dirt Hills ; at the eastern
end of the Cypress Hills and at the head of the Qu'Appelle River and
"River that Turns." (Macoun.) Along the Saskatchewan. (Bwnr-
geau.) Source of the White Mud River, Cypress Hills and near Maple
Creek Station, C.P.R., KW.T. (J. M. Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS.

4O9. PHACELIA, Juss.

(1541.) P. circinata, Jacq. f.

P. hastata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 80.
P. heterophylla, Pursh Fl. I., 140.

Dry gravelly hills and mountains. South Kootanie Pass, and on
gravel slopes at Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, Kocky Mountains ;
also at Cornwall's, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Dawson.} On gravelly
slopes along the Thompson Eiver between Lytton and Cache Creek.
(Macoun & Fletcher.}

(1542.) P. sericea, Gray.

Eutoca sericea, Lehm. Hook. Fl. IL, 79.

Sandy debris of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52-56°. (JDrummond.}
Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.} On the lower ledges of the
Eocky Mountains, Bow Eiver Pass. (Macoun.}

Var. Lyallii, Gray.

Eocky Mountains in Lat. 49°, at 6-7,000 feet. (Lyall.} Summit of
South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; also on the western summit of the
North Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.}

(1543.) P. Franklinii, Gray.

Eutoca Franklinii, R. Br. Hook. Fl. II., 79.

Shores of Lake Superior. (Gray.) On dry sandy hillsides, 20 miles
up the Kaministiquia, not common ; also, abundant on burnt hills left
bank of Nipigon Eiver, four miles below Camp Alexander. (Macoun.}
From the Saskatchewan to English and Bear Lake rivers. (Richard-
son.} In burnt woods from the Grand Eapid of the Saskatchewan to
the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Eliguck Lake, northern British
Columbia. (Dawson.}

(1544.) P. Menziesii, Torr.

Eutoca Menziesii, Benth. Hook. Fl. •!!., 79.
Hydrophyllum lineare, Pursh Fl. L, 134.

Open gravelly or very dry soil. On dry ridges, Milk Eiver,
49th parallel ; along the Flat Head Eiver, and up the Nicola Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) On dry hillsides along the Thompson Eiver above
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.) From Lytton to Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.}

334 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

410. ROMANZOFFIA, Cham.

(1545.) R. Unalaschkensis, Cham.

Saxifraga nutans, Don. Hook. Fl. L, 245.
Unalashka and adjacent islands. (Gray.)

(1546.) R. Sitchensis, Bongard.

Sitka. (Hook. Arct. PI.} Sitka, southward along the coast ranges.
(Gray.)

LXVII. BOERAGIKACE^. BORAGE FAMILY.
411. HELIOTROPSUM, Linn. (HELIOTROPE.)

(1547.) H. Curassavicum, Linn.

Abundant on the margins of saline or brackish lakes in the south-
western part of the prairie region. On the borders of Gull Lake,
Island Lake, and Stinking Lake north of the Cypress Hills ; also
along Hand Hill Lake and other lakes eastward towards the Sas-
katchewan. (Macoun.)

412. PECTOCARYA, DC.

(1548.) P. penicillata, A. DC.

Oynoglossum penicittatum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech, 371.

On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C. The particular spot is between the
Wagon Road and the river at the Forks of the Fraser and Thompson.
(Macoun.}

413. CYNOCLOSSUM, Linn. (HOUNDSTONGUE.)

(1549.) C. officinale, Linn. Common Houndstongue. Sheep Bur.

Sparingly introduced in eastern Quebec, but becoming common at
Montreal. In Ontario it has become a pest. Along roadsides, in
pastures and vacant lots and on the borders of woods which have
lately been burned, it takes the place of everything else and sheep
running at large have their wool filled with its hooked fruit.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 335

(1550.) C. Virginicum, Linn. Wild Comfrey.
C. amplexicaule, Michx. Fl. I., 132.

Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) In woods in the vicinity of Gasp6
Basin, Q. (Macoun.) Montreal Mountain. (Holmes.) Calamut and
Beloeil Mountain, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.} King's Mountain, Chelsea,
and near Green's Creek, Ottawa. (Fletcher.} Sandy woods, Eice
Lake Plains, near Castleton ; a little west of Gerow's Tavern, Murray,
Northumberland Co., and near Marmora Village, Hastings Co., Ont.
(Macoun.) Vicinity of Gait, Ont. (Miss Crooks.) Very rare in the
neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess & Saunders.) North shore of
Lake Superior. (Agassiz.) On top of a high clay bank, four miles up
the Kaministiqua River, Thunder Bay ; also, abundant on the Pine
Portage, Nipigon River. (Macoun.) Lake Huron to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond & Dr. Todd.) The western range is doubtful.

(1551.) C. grande, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 85.

Thick woods near the southern boundary of British Columbia.
(Cowley.) Shady woods, North-west Coast. (Douglas.}

(1552.) C. ciliatum, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 85.

Dry banks of mountain streams, Little Falls of the Columbia
and upwards to the Rocky Mountains. (Douglas.) To be looked for
in the Rocky Mountains.

414. ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. (STICKSEED.)

(1553.) E. floribundum, Lehm.

Lake Pentanguishene (Georgian Bay) to the Rocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Lake Winnipeg to British Columbia. (Gray.) Red
River, Turtle and Wood Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Souris
Plain, and at the source of the White Mud River, Cypress Hills. (J.
M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.) Thickets at the Red Deer Lakes west of
the Elbow of the South Saskatchewan, and in thickets at the eastern
end of the Cypress Hills ; also near McLeod's Lake, northern British
Columbia, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.) In thickets at Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Hill.)

(1554.) E. deflexum, Lehm.

Saskatchewan and Winnipeg Valley. (G-ray.) Cumberland House
on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) Lower slopes of the South Koo-
tanie Pass, 49th parallel ; western summit of the North Kootanie

336 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.*) Thickets along Maple Creek, Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.)

(1555.) E. Virginicum, Lehm.

Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC. Gray, Man. 366. Macoun's Cat, No. 1375.
Myosotis Virginiana, Linn. Pursh Fl. I., 134.

Borders of woods lately burnt over and in open thickets. Abundant
from the vicinity of Quebec to the north shore of Lake Superior at
Mamainse. (Macoun.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

(1556.) E. Lappula, Lehm. Small Sheep Bur.

Myosotis Lappula, Willd. Pursh Fl. I., 134.

Extensively naturalized throughout Ontario and a very troublesome
weed in vacant lots in the vicinity of towns and villages. It is curious
that with the exception of a few plants observed by myself at Truro,
Nova Scotia, and a few detected at Eel River, Eestigouche Co., N.B.,
by Prof. Fowler, neither it nor the Houndstongue has been noticed in
the Maritime provinces. We have it, however, from the North- West
and British Columbia, where it will soon establish itself.

(1557.) E. Redowskii, Lehm. Var. occidentale, Watson.

E. patulum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 84.

Cumberland House to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Common on dry
gravelly places in the prairie region from Manitoba westward.
(Macoun.) Pembina Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Common
in the vicinity of Maple Creek, Cypress Hills. (J". M. Macoun.)

Yar. cupulatum, Gray.

Abundant in the dry interior of British Columbia, from above Yale
to Cache Creek and Kamloops. (Macoun, Dawson & Hill.) Dry hills
vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

415. ERITRICHIUM, Schrad.

(1558.) E. nanum, Schrader. Var. aretioides, Herder.

E. aretioides, DC. Prodr. X., 125.

North-west Coast and islands. (Gray.) Cape Lisburne and island
of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. AlasJc.)

Var. ChamiSSOnis, Herder.

E. Chamissonis, DC. Prodr. X., 125.
Island of St. Paul, off the coast of Alaska. (Gray.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 337

(1559.) E. plebeium, A. DC.

Lithospermum plebeium, Cham & Schlecht. in Linn IX., 446.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Aleutian Islands. (Gray.}

(1560.) E. Californicum, DC.

Myosotis CaMfornica, Fisch & Meyer. 1836.

On places where water lies in small pools in the spring ; dry open
prairie west of Hand Hills and north of the Cypress Hills ; also near
Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.) Maple Creek, near Cypress Hills.
(J. M. Macoun.) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Fletcher.}

(1561.) E. Chorisianum, DC.

Myosotis Chorisiana, Cham. & Schlecht. Hook. Fl. II., 83.
Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.}

(1562.) E. fulvum, A. DC.

Myosotis fulva, Hook. Fl. II., 83.

In ditches in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun
& Dawson.) Cache Creek, B.C. (Hill.)

(1563.) E. tenellum, G-ray.

E. fulvum, Watson, Bot. King, 243.

British Columbia. (Gray.) It is quite possible that this species
and the preceding are the same, but without better specimens I cannot
determine their identity.

(1564.) E. leiocarpum, Watson.

Myosotis flaccida, Dougl. Hook. FL II. , 82.

Dry soil where water stands in the spring along the Eed Deer River
at the Hand Hills ; also on dry soil north of the Cypress Hills.
(Macoun.) Dry ground interior of British Columbia. (Hill & Fletcher.)

(1565.) E. crassisepalum, Torr. & Gray.

Nebraska to the Saskatchewan. (G-ray.) I have never seen this
species.

(1566.) E. glomeratum, DC.

Myosotis glomerata Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 82.
Cynoglossum glomeratum, Pursh Fl. II., 729.

Dry gravelly hills and tops of ridges from Brandon westward across
•10

338 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

the prairie region. (Macoun.) Hill of the Murdered Scout and west-
ward along the 49th parallel to the Bocky Mountains, and abundant
on dry plains along Old Man Kiver west of Fort McLeod. (Dawson.)
From Moose Jaw westward to Medicine Hat along the C. P. R. ; also
abundant in the Cypress Hills along the sides of couldes. (J. M. Macoun.}
About Fort Carlton, on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) The leaves
vary very much in old specimens, but the nutlets are never smooth.

Var. humile, Gray.

Rocky Mountains along the 49th parallel at an altitude of 8,000 feet.
(Gray.)

(1567.) E. leucopheeum, A. DC.

Myosotis leucophsea, Dougl.
British Columbia. (Gray.) Probably along the southern boundary.

416. AMSINCKIA, Lehm.

(1568.) A. intermedia, Fisch. & Meyer.

Echium, Menziesii, Lehm. Macoun's Cat., No. 1378.

Diy gravelly hillsides at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun &
Dawson.)

(1569.) A. lycopsoides, Lehm. Var. bracteosa, Gray.

Lithospermum lycopsoides, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 89.

Vicinity of Victoria, along the coast of Vancouver Island. Ap-
parently quite common. (Macoun & Fletcher.)

417. MERTENSIA, Roth. (SMOOTH LUNGWORT.)

(ISYO.) M. maritima, Don. Sea Lungwort.

Lithospermum maritimum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. IL, 86.
Pvimonaria parviftora, Pursh Fl. I., 131.

Gravelly beaches along the sea shore of our Atlantic coast, Gulf of
St. Lawrence and Hudson Bay and westward at various points on the
Arctic Coast to the Pacific and southward on sea beaches to Lat. 49°.

(15*71.) M. Virginica, DC.

Pvlmonaria Virginica, Linn. Pursh Fl. I., 130.

Alluvial banks. Point Albino at the foot of Lake Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLl

(1572.) M. oblongifolia, Don.

Lithospermum marginatum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II. , 86.
Mountains of Montana to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.}

(1573.) M. Sibirica, Don.

Lithospermum denticulatum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 87.
Pulmonaria Sibirica, Pursh Fl. II., 729.
Mertensia dliata, Don. DC. Prodr. X., 92.

Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr. Alask.} Doubtless on the mountains of
British Columbia.

Var. Drummondii, Gray.

Lithospermum Drummondii, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 86.
Mertensia Drummondii, Don. Syst. IV., 319.

Arctic seashore. (Richardson.)

(15*74.) M. paniculata, Don.

M. pilosa, DC. X., 92. Agassiz, Lake Superior.
Lithospermum paniculatum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 87.
L. corymbosum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 87.
Pulmonaria paniculata, Ait. Pursh Fl. I., 131.

Very abundant around Thunder Bay and at many points on the
shores of Lake Superior. (Macoun & Burgess.} From Fort William
to the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.} In woods along Lakes Mani-
toba and Winnipegoosis, and up the Eed Deer Eiver, Lat. 53°.
(Macoun.} West coast of Lake Winnipeg. (Capt. Back.} East side
of Lake Winnipeg at Observation Point. (I. M. Macoun.} North Fork
of Old Man Eiver, Eocky Mountains ; also in the Pine Pass, Lat. 55°.
(Dawson} Saskatchewan to Hudson Bay and westward to Bear Lake
(Richardson.} York Factory and up the Nelson Eiver ; also, Echis-
namish Eiver to Oxford House. (R. Bell.} Kotzebue Sound and Fort
Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.} Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon
Eiver. (Schwatka.}

(1575.) M. ianceolata, DC.

Pulmonaria Ianceolata, Pursh Fl. II., 729.
Mertensia alpina, Gray, in Am. Journ. Sci., in part.

Hillsides from Dakota to Wyoming. (Gray.} Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Burgess.} Souris Plain near the 49th parallel.
(Creelman, C. P. R. Coll}

340 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

418. MYOSOTIS, Linn. (FORGET-ME-NOT.)

(1576.) M. laxa, Lehm.

M. palustris, var. micrantha, Hook. Fl. II., 81.

M. caespitosa, var. laxa, DC. Prodr. X., 105.

M. palustris, var. laxa, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 365. Macoun's Cat., No. 1363.

Abundant in ditches and small brooks. Harbor Grace, Newfound-
land. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.) Windsor,
N.S. (How.'} Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.)
In wet ditches at Point Le Nim, Eestigouche Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
In ditches near Matane, Lower St. Lawrence. (Macoun.) In ditches
at Eiviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Knowlton, Eastern Townships, Q.
(McGrill Coll. Herb.) In ditches around Belleville, quite common; also
on both sides of the Bay of Quinte. (Macoun.) Chippawa and
Thorold. (Maclagan.) "Wet places, Hamilton, Niagara Falls and
London. (Burgess.) Wet places at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Near
Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.) Yicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)

(1577.) M. palustris, With.

In wet ground, probably introduced. (Gray.) Vicinity of Halifax,
N.S. (Lawson & Sommers.) Windsor, N.S. (How.) Dalhousie, N.B. ;
also Ladner's Landing on the Lower Fraser, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1578.) M. sylvatica, Hoffm. Var. alpestris, Koch.
M. alpestris, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 81.

Summit of the South Kootanie Pass ; also the eastern summit of the
North Kootanie Pass ; and at the summit of the Pino Eiver Pass,
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.) Common in the Eocky Mountains, between Lat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Arctic seashoie. (Richardson) Mackenzie
Eiver, near Fort Simpson, Lat. 62° 30'. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.) Cape
Lisburne and Arctic coast. (Bothr. Alask.) West of Mackenzie
Eiver, Lat. 71°, Long. 154° west. (Dease.)

(1579.) M. arvensis, Hoffm.

Fields in low grounds, New Brunswick, perhaps not native. (Gray.)
Parrsboro', Cumberland Co., N.S. (How.) On waste heaps at Bed-
ford, N.S. (Macoun.) Spreading from a garden at Bass Eiver, Kent
Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.) Along
roadsides at London and Parry Sound, Georgian Bay, Lake Huron.
(Burgess.) Certainly introduced in Ontario.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 341

(1580.) M. verna, Nutt.

Myosotis stricta, Gray, Man. Ed. I., not Link.

Very common on dry rocky ground on both sides of the Bay of
Quinte, at Ox Point and Massassaga Point ; also on Gibson's Moun-
tain, four miles from the Ferry House, opposite Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)

Yar. macrosperma, Chapm.

M. versicolor, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 81.

On dry gravelly hillsides in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun.) Near CSche Creek, B.C. A very small form.

419. LITHOSPERMUM, Linn. (GROMWELL.)

(1581.) L. arvense, Linn. Corn G-romwell.

Naturalized in waste grounds and cultivated fields amongst wheat ;
also spreading along railways. Apparently unknown in the eastern
provinces, but abundant from Montreal westward throughout Ontario.

(1582.) L. officinale, Linn.

'Naturalized by roadsides and in old pasture fields and on commons ;
growing in clumps. Montreal and St. Re"mi and numerous places
around Montreal, abundant. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Fraserville, Q.
(Thomas.) Frequent by roadsides and in cities and towns throughout
Ontario.

(1583.) L. latifolium, Michx.

Open ground and borders of thickets, western Ontario. (Gray.)
Bois Blanc and other islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Alluvial
flats along the River Thames at London, Ont. (Burgess.)

(1584.) L. pilosum, Nutt.

L. ruderale, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 89.

On dry gravelly hillsides. Ridges north of Cypress Hills ; and at
Fossil Coule"e, Milk River Ridge, south east of Fort McLeod. (Dawson.)
Dry gravelly hillsides near Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun & Hill.)
The British Columbia specimens are much less hairy than the eastern
ones and in this respect agree with those from California.

342 GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY OF CANADA.

(1585.) L. canescens, Lehm. Puccoon of the Indians. (Gray.}

Batschia canescens, Michx. Fl. I., 130.
L. sericeum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 88.

Plains and open sandy woods. On the sands of Wellington Beach,
Prince Edward Co., Ont. ; and very abundant along the Grand Trunk
Eailway near Sarnia. (Macoun.) Maiden and Sandwich, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.) Sandy soil near London, Ont. (Burgess.) Common on the
Burford Plains, Brant Co., Ont. (Yates.) Two miles below Kaka-
beka Falls on the Kaministiquia Eiver ; at the mouth of Rainy River,
and westward across the prairie to the South Saskatchewan. Abundant
in Manitoba and especially south of Brandon on the Souris Plain.
(Macoun.) Red River Prairie and Pembina Mountain on the 49th
parallel. (Dawson.) Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.}

(1586.) L. hirtum, Lehm.

Batschia Gmelini, Michx. Fl. L, 130.

Port Erie and Point Albino, at the outlet of Lake Erie. (David F.
Day.) On the sandy beach of Pelee Point, Lake Erie, in large tufts.
(Macoun.) In the vicinity of Sarnia, River St. Glair, Ont. (Burgess.)
Upper Canada. (Goldie.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd) Long Point,
Lake Erie. 1843. (Macnab.) Bosanquet, shore of Lake Huron, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb} Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.} Point Edward,
near Sarnia, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1587.) L. angustifolium, Michx.

Batschia longiflora, Pursh Fl. I., 132.

L. incisum, Lehm. Hook. Fl. II., 87.

L. Mandanense, Hook. Fl. II., 88.

Pentalophus longiflorus and P. Mandanensis, A. DC. Prodr. X., 87.

Banks of the Saskatchewan to Lat. 55° (Richardson} Along the
Eagle and Red Deer rivers (hills ?) ; also in the valleys of the Rocky
Mountains, near the sources of the Athabasca. (Drummond.) Abundant
from Manitoba westward to the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Souris
Valley, 49th parallel ; on top of gravel ridge, Verdigris Coulde, north
of Milk River ; also, Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of the
Thompson River from Lytton to Cache Creek ; Crossing of the Black-
water River, Telegraph Trail, B.C. (Macoun.)

42O. ONOSMODIUM, Michx.

(1588.) O. Carolinianum, DC.

Alluvial soil in river bottoms ; growing in clumps. At Belleville, on
commons, along the Moira River ; also in Cold Creek Valley at Wooler,

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 343

Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Brantford, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Not uncommon in the valley of the Thames at London, Ont. (Saunders
& Burgess.)

Yar. molle, Gray.

Onosmodium molle, Michx. Fl. I., 133.

O. hispidum, Michx. Bourgeau in Palliser's Eeport, p. 259.

Vicinity of Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.') Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) On the Bow Eiver at the Blackfoot Crossing east of Cal-
gary. (Macoun.')

(1589.) O. Vlrginianum, DC.

0. Iiispidum, Michx. Fl. I., 133.

Hillsides and banks. Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Island
of Orleans near Quebec. (Thomas.) I suspect Dr. Thomas means
Lithospermum officinale in the above quotation.

421. SYMPHYTUM, Linn. (COMFREY.)

• \

(1590.) S. officinale, Linn.

This plant is naturalized in most of the older settlements, but does
not spread. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McGill Coll. Herb.) In
waste places at Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.) Apparently naturalized
in St. John Cemetery, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.) Montreal Mountain ;
Cowansville, Eastern Townships, Q. ; and St. Thomas, Ont. {McGill
Coll. Herb.) Rideau Rifle-range, Ottawa, and at Buckingham, Q.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Roadsides and old neglected gardens, Northumber-
land Co., Ont. ; also along the streets of Owen Sound, Ont. (Macoun.)
Niagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders &
Burgess.) Our form is the Var. patens of Smith's English Botany.

422. LYCOPSIS, Linn. (BUGLOSS.)

(1591.) L. arvensis, Linn.

Dry waste grounds naturalized principally eastward. On ballast
heaps, Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.) Sand Beach, Eel River, Restigouche
Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) On the beach at Rustico, Prince Edward
Island ; also at Kamouraska, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Occasionally
seen in fields and waste places along the Gasp6 coast up to Me"tis.
(Macoun.) Occasionally about dwellings, Riviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.)

344 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Montreal Mountain. (Maclagan.} Sandy fields in the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Ft. Ott.} In the streets of Kingston near the
Court House, Ont. (Macoun.}

423. ECHIUM, Linn. (VIPER'S,' BUGLOSS, BLUEWEED.)

(1592.) E. vulgare, Linn.

Roadsides and sandy pasture fields, naturalized and spreading. Near
New Glasgow, N.S. (How.} Quaco and Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.}
Abundant in sandy pasture fields near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.}
Eoadsides, common and abundant on sand-banks, a few miles north of
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Roadsides near Belleville and in pastures
near Albert College ; also on the Oak Hills and at Stirling, Hastings
Co. ; in farmers' lanes and along roadsides near Campbellford, Ont.
(Macoun.} Banks of the Thames, near London, common. Flowers
both blue and white. (Saunders & Burgess.} Delaware and Lobo,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Spreading in a wonderful manner in
West Toronto and Brocton, on the dry sand. There are acres of it
annually. (Fowler.}

424. BORRACO, Linn. (COMMON BORAGE.)

(1593.) B. offlcinalis, Linn.

A garden escape in some places in Nova Scotia. (Lindsay.} In the
streets of Brighton village, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun,}
Growing in the township of Mariposa on the gravel road near Grass-
hill, where it appears to be completely naturalized. Seeds very likely
brought from Devonshire by immigrants who settled in the neighbor-
hood. (Fowler.}

LXVIII. CONVOLVULACE^l BINDWEED FAMILY.
425. IPOMCEA, Linn. (MORNING GLORY.)

(1594.) I. purpurea, Lam. Common Morning Glory.

An escape from cultivation, but seldom becoming established. Near
dwellings at Windsor, N.S. (How.} Frequent on waste heaps and
near dwellings at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 345

(1595.) I. pandurata, Meyer. Man-of-the-earth.
Convolvulus panduratus, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 77.

Dry ground, western Ontario. (Gray.) In deep, warm, gravelly
soil, at the southern end of Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

426. CONVOLVULUS, Linn. (BINDWEED.)
(1596.) C. Soldanella, Linn.

Calystegia Soldanella, R. Br. DC. Prodr. IX., 433.

Sands of the Pacific coast to Puget Sound. (Gray.) It probably
reaches British Columbia.

(1597.) C. spithameeus, Linn.

Calystegia spithamcea, Pursh. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376. Macoun's

Cat, No. 1407.

C. tomentosa, Pursh. Fl. I., 434.
Convolvulus stans, Michx. Fl. I., 136.

Dry gravelly hillsides and open woods. Pennant, N.S. (Sommers.)
Hills of St. Maurice, Q. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
Ott.) Grand Trunk gravel pit west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Dry
gravelly hillsides and borders of fields, common, Hastings and Northum-
berland counties, Out. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Common on gravelly soil in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders &
Burgess.) Gravel ridges, north shore of Lake Superior ; also, sandy
hillsides, 20 miles up the Kaministiquia Eiver and farther up the river
and within the limits of Port Arthur. On the Souris Plain near the
source of Pile of Bones Creek. (Macoun.) Red Eiver Prairie at
Emerson, 49th parallel ; also, banks of Belly River. (Dawson.) Canada
to the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

(1598.) C. sepium, Linn. Bracted Convolvulus.

Calystegia sepium, R. Br. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376. Macoun's Cat.,
No. 1406.

Moist alluvial soil, generally along rivers. Flowers generally white
or tinged with rose-color, peduncles elongated, bracts mostly acute.
Chelsea Road, 5 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

Yar. Americanus, Sims.

Calysteyia sepium, var. rosea, Choisy. DC. Prodr. IX., 433.

Same situations as the last, but distinguished by the corolla being
pink, or rose purple, and the bracts obtuse. All references are placed
under the variety as we have no means at present of judging which

346 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

form is meant. Neighborhood of Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.} Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.} Parrsboro', Cumberland Co., N.S. (How.} Bather
common near the coast, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Abundant throughout
Ontario, and extending westward to the Kaministiquia River, Thunder
Bay. (Macoun.}

Yar. repens, Gray.

Catystegia sepium, var. pubescens, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 376.
In this variety the leaves are more or less pubescent and the bracts
and leaves fringed with soft hairs. Lake of the Woods, Turtle Moun-
tain, and Trader's Eoad near Wood Mountain, 49th parallel, all in flower.
On the third prairie steppe it only appears along the borders of streams
in sheltered positions. (Dawson.~) Souris and Qu'Appelle rivers.
(J. M. Macoun, 0. P. E. Coll.} Frequent in thickets as far west as' the
Hand Hills. Long. 112°. (Macoun.} Canada to the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond.}

Var. maritima. (?)

Specimens growing in a brackish marsh and occasionally covered by
spring tides were obtained, near Sydney Mines, Cape Breton, in 1883.
All parts of the plant were very pubescent and quite different from
the pubescent form from the prairie region. On the Magdalen Islands
in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.} Eel River, N.B. (Fletcher.}

(1599.) C. arvensis, Linn. Bindweed.

Naturalized. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun & McKay.}
In cultivated fields rather rare, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Beauharnois
Co., Q., and at Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Near Cumming's
Bridge, and in the Public Park, Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Bank of
the St. Lawrence, a mile west of Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Introduced
into gardens at Belleville, with strawberry plants and spreading;
roadsides near Essex Centre, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of London,
Ont. (Burgess.} Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.} On the
Insane AsjHum Farm, Toronto. (Fowler.}

427. CUSCUTA, Linn. (DODDER.)

(1600.) C. arvensis, Beyrich.

On dry gravelly ridges, Manitoba and westward. Climbing over
low plants of Lygodesmia juncea at Pine Creek, Manitoba, and on
Artemisia frigida on the Cypress Hills. Specimens identified by Dr.
Englemann.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 347

(1601.) C. tenuiflora, Engelm.
From "Wisconsin north to the Saskatchewan. {Gray.}

(1602.) C. salina, Engelm.

Saline or brackish marshes of the Pacific coast. (Gray.} On short
stems of Salicornia, in marshes near Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.}

(1603.) C. Cronovii, Willd.

C. umbrosa, Beyrich. Hook. Fl. II., 78, in part.

Wet shady places, especially in the valleys of large or small streams.
Grand Lake near Halifax, N.S. (McKay.} Twining around grass
and other herbaceous plants, mouth of the Kennebecasis, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} "Wet places, by brooks, St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.} Boucher-
ville Island, near Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.} Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Border of a small stream, one mile north of
O'Brien's Bridge, Hastings Co. ; border of Cold Creek at Wooler,
Northumberland Co. ; on an island in Cameron's Lake, near Fenelon
Falls, Victoria Co., Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.} Chippawa, and on an island in Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan.}
Near Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.} Common around Lakefield, Ont. (Mrs. Traill.} Norway
House Fort (Drummond.} Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.} Roseau
Eiver, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Climbing over bushes, shore of
Lonely Lake, near Lake of the Woods. (E. Sell.}

(1604.) C. compacta, Juss.

Almost always on shrubs. A plant with coarse stems having flowers
nearly two lines long. Credited to Canada by Dr. Gray. Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.}

(1605.) C. epilinum, Weihe.

Introduced. In the vicinity of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Lower St.
Lawrence, doubtless in fields. (Burgess.}

(1606.) C. Trifolii, Bab. Clover Dodder.

Noticed in a field of clover, which it had nearly destroyed, in Vic-
toria Co., Ont. (Fowler.} Introduced with clover seed.

The species of this genus should be carefully collected and both their
habitats and host plants noted.

348 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

LXIX. SOLANACE.E. POTATO FAMILY.
428. SOLANUM, Linn. (NIGHTSHADE.)

(1607.) S. trlflorum, Nu.it

Around " badger " holes on the prairie, or where the sod has been
broken. In the vicinity of Fort Carlton and at the entrance to " badger "
holes westward to Edmonton. (Drummmd.') Yery common near
" badger " holes and along the railways throughout the prairie region.
(Macoun.} South of Wood Mountain, not uncommon over a great part
of the second and third prairie steppes. Ajiother form was observed
at the First Crossing of the Souris in low ground, 49th parallel.
(DawsonJ) Bather common on the Souris Plain, and westward to the
Blackfoot Crossing on Bow River. (<7. M. Macoun.)

(1608.) S. nigrum, Linn.

Common in damp shady situations, especially in low woods lately
burnt over. We seem to have two forms : one native which is low
and spreading, and a stouter form which is commonly in cultivated
grounds. Frequent in suitable localities from the Atlantic provinces
to the Eocky Mountains and perhaps beyond.

(1609.) S. Dulcamara, Linn. Bittersweet.

Near dwellings, around gardens and in fence corners. It is also
frequently found climbing over logs in low wet woods and in the
vicinity of small brooks far from dwellings. Completely naturalized
in Ontario and growing from seeds carried by birds.

(1610.) S. rostratum, Dunal.

S. heterandrum, Pursh Fl. L, 156.

Spontaneous within the limits of the city of Ottawa for a number of
years. (Fletcher FL Ott.)

(1611.) S. Carolinense, Linn.

Sandy and waste grounds near Fort Erie at the foot of Lake Erie.
(David F. Day,)

429. LYCOPERSICUM, Mill. (TOMATO.)

(1612.) L. esculentum, Mill. Cherry-Tomato.
Frequently spontaneous in gardens. Throughout Ontario tomato

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 349

seeds, that have lain on the ground all winter, vegetate in the spring
and are often transplanted. Spontaneous in one or two places near
Halifax, N.S. {Lindsay.'} In this connection I may mention that
potato seeds always grow in the North-west, after lying exposed on the
surface of the ground all winter. While at Battleford, in the summer
of 1879, I saw myriads of plants in an old potato patch, and in October
of the same year found the ground covered with potato balls (fruit)
the seeds of which would certainly grow the next spring. I conclude
from the above that both the Tomato and Potato are perfectly at home
in Canada, and that in our North-west new varieties of potatoes will
yet be produced that will supersede the diseased or weakened ones of
the east.

430. PHYSALIS, Linn. (GROUND CHERRY.)

(1613.) P. Peruviana, Linn. Cape Gooseberry.
Spontaneous in a few places about Ottawa. {Fletcher Fl. OttJ)

(1614.) P. grand i flora, Hook.

Shoi-e of the St. Lawrence below Murray Bay. (Sheppard & McGill
Coll. Serb.') Powell's Grist Mill near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.~)
Abundant in new clearings in the northern parts of Addington,
Hastings, Peterboro' and Victoria counties, Ont. ; also quite common
in burnt woods, near Wiarton, Bruce Peninsula ; also, along the C.P.E.
between Red Rock and Port Arthur. (Macoun.') Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Township of Miraposa, Ontario Co., Ont. (Fowler.')
North shore of Lake Superior. (Agas&iz.~) Sandy banks of the Sas-
katchewan, sparingly. (Drummond.) Near old encampments on the
shores of Lake Winnipeg, where fires have been made. (Richardson. ,)
Red River, rare. (Douglas . ) Elk Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M.
Macoun.}

(1615.) P. pubescens, Linn.

P. obscura, var. viscido-pubescens, Pursh Fl. I., 157-

Found occasionally in gardens, but scarcely spontaneous, N. B.
(Fowler's Cat.~) Vicinity of Ottawa on waste heaps. In cultivated
ground Chinaman's Ranche, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Fletcher.}

(1616.) P. Virginiana, Mill.

P. mscosa, Gray, Man. Ed. "V
P. Pennsylvanica, Hook. Fl.

Light or sandy soils, western Ontario. Lake Huron, plentiful.

P. viscosa, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 382. Macoun's Cat., No. 1422.
P. Pennsylvanica, Hook. Fl. II., 90, in part.

350 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(Dr. Todd.} Sand hills, three miles up the Humber, west of Toronto ;
common at Niagara Falls, on Point Pelee and in new meadows, two
miles west of Collingwood, Ont. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logic.') Maiden and islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.}
In the neighborhood of St. Thomas. (Miss Kate Crooks.'} Along the
G. W. R. track east of London. (Saunders.} Vicinity of London and
Port Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.} Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.}
Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto. (Fowler.}

Var. ambigua, (Gray.}

P. viscosa, Linn. Dawson Bound. Rep. 352.

P. Pennsylvania, Hook. Fl. II., 90, at least in part, (Gray).

Winnipeg and North-west Angle Road. (Dawson.} Vicinity of
Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.}

(1617.) P. lanceolate, Michx.

P. Pennsylvania, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 382.

P. Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata, Macoun's Cat., No. 1418.

Sand, thickets and banks along the railway, Port Dover Junction,
Ont. ; also along a creek, 15 miles west of Rat Creek, Manitoba.
(Macoun.) Dry open ground and bottoms, Lake Winnipeg. (Gray.}

431. NICANDRA, Adans. (APPLE-OF-PERU.)

(1618.) N. physaloides, Gaertn.

Introduced. Escaped from gardens at Windsor, N.S. (How.} Wild
in some gardens at Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.} McGill College grounds,
Montreal. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of Belleville, and along a
road near Essex Centre, Ont. (Macoun.} Port Stanley, Lake Erie.
(Burgess.} Scarcely established, Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.}

432. LYCIUM, Linn. (MATRIMONY VINE.)

(1619.) L. vulgare, Dunal. Box-thorn.

Introduced. Waste grounds and in fence corners near dwellings.
Vicinity of Kingston and London, Ont. (Burgess.} At Belleville,
Stirling, Campbellford, Brighton and Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.}
Apparently naturalized around Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 351

433. DATURA, Linn. (STRAMONIUM.)

(1620.) D. Stramonium, Linn. Thorn-apple, or Jamestown Weed.
Escaped from gardens at Mahone Bay and Windsor, N.S. (How.')
In the streets of Pictou, N.S., and by roadsides near it. (McKay.} A
weed, well established at St. Stephen and St. Andrews, N.B. ( Vroom.}
A weed in waste ground around towns and villages and by roadsides,
throughout western Quebec and Ontario.

(1621.) D. Tatula, Linn.

Waste grounds rather rare. A weed in gardens at Stewarton near
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} At the village of Bath, Bay of Quinte ;
and on Pelee Point, Lake Brie. (Macoun.} Fort Erie at the foot of
Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.} Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Suchan.} St. Thomas, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.}

434. HYOSCYAMUS, Linn. (HENBANE.)

(1622.) H. niger, Linn. Black Henbane.

Naturalized in the neighborhood of towns and villages, prefering
vacant lots and the borders of streets. A garden escape in Nova
Scotia. (Sommers.} On the ramparts of the " Old Fort," Annapolis,
N.S. (Macoun.} Not common in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.}
Vicinity of Bathurst, N.B. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Waste places vicinity
of Quebec. (Thomas.) In the streets of Quebec and Montreal.
(Maclagan.} Common along roadsides in Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.}
Eoadsides in and around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Eoadsides and
streets in Prescott, Ont. (Billings.} Streets of Belleville near the
upper bridge; on sites of burnt buildings, Cobourg, Ont., and on vacant
lots in Toronto. (Macoun.} Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.} Fort Erie
at the foot of Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Abundant on the
wastes about Garrison Creek commons, and on vacant land at the north-
west corner of Toronto. (Fowler.)

435. NICOTIANA, Linn. (TOBACCO.)

(1623.) N. rustica, Linn. Indian Tobacco.

Introduced. A weed in gardens at Belleville and Canniffton near
that city, Ont. (Macoun.} Spontaneous in gardens in and around
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} A garden weed at Fort Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.}

352 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1624.) N. attenuata, Ton-.

Abundant on sand hills from Lytton to above Spence's Bridge, along
the Thompson Eiver, B.C. (Hill & Fletcher?)

LXX. SCROPHULAKIACE.E. FIG-WORT FAMILY.
436. VERBASCUM, Linn. (MULLEIN.)

(1625.) V. Thapsus, Linn. Common Mullein.

A very common naturalized weed by roadsides, borders of woods and
in old and thin pasture fields throughout Ontario. In the same situa-
tions, but scarcely so common in the eastern provinces and Quebec.

(1626.) V. Lychnitis, Linn. White Mullein.

Fields and new meadows. Yery rare. West Augusta, near Hamil-
ton, Ont. (Logic?) Scarcely naturalized,

(1627.) V. Blattaria, Linn. Moth Mullein.
V. Claytoni, Michx. Fl. I., 148.

Naturalised by roadsides and in fields. Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Fields near Napanee, Ont. (Rev. J. Scott.) Near the Scotch
Church, Burn Brae, Seymour, Ont. ; also in abundance along a road
between Niagara and Queenston, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Dundas, Ont. (Maclagan.)
London and Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill
Coll Herb.) Parkdale, Toronto. (Fowler.)

437. LINARIA, Juss. (TOAD-FLAX.)

(1628.) L. Canadensis, Dumont. Wild Toad-Flax.
Antirrhinum Canadense, Pursh Fl. II., 421.

Sandy or gravelly soil, Canada. (Gray.) Halifax, N".S. (How.)
St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)

(1629.) L. vulgaris, Mill. Butter and Eggs.
Antirrhinum Linaria, Pursh FL II., 421.

Very common by roadsides, near gardens and in fence corners.
Apparently common in Nova Scotia, but rarer in New Brunswick. In
Quebec and/Ontario, it is naturalized wherever there are settlements.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 353

A monstrous state (L. vulgaris, var. Peloria), where each flower has five
spurs, instead of one, has been found at Ottawa by Mr. Fletcher and in
Nova Scotia by Mr. Trueman.

(1630.) L. Elatine, Mill.

Antirrhinum Elatine, Pursh Fl. II., 421.

Sandy banks and shores, rather rare. Canada. (Gray.} Scarcely
naturalized.

(1631.) L. Cymbalaria, Mill. Ivy Linaria.
On the ballast wharf, St. John, KB. (Hay.}

(1632.) L. minor, Desf.
On the ballast wharf, St. John, KB. (Hay.)

438. ANTIRRHINUM, Linn. (SNAPDRAGON.)

(1633.) A. Orontium, Linn. Corn Snapdragon.
Sparingly introduced at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

439. COLLINSIA, Nutt.

(1634.) C. grandiflora, Dougl.

Grassy and gravelly hillsides, in great profusion, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Dawson & Fletcher.)

Var. pusilla, Gray.

Abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)
Cold water River near Yale and on the Blackwater River in northern
British Columbia. (Dawson.)

(1635.) C. parviflora, Dougl.

C. paudflora, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 94.

On limestone shingle, Massassaga Point, near Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Capt. Back.) Saskatchewan. (Richard-
son.) Western summit of the Korth Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 50°. (Dawson.)
11

354 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

44O. SCROPHULARIA, Linn. (FIGWORT.)

(1636.) S. nodosa, Linn. Var. Marilandica, Gray.

S. nodosa, Linn. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 327. Macoun's Cat., No. 1241.
S. Marylandica, Linn. Hook. Fl. IT., 94.
S- lanceolata, Pursh Fl. II., 419.

Montreal Mountain. 1821. (Holmes.} Quebec, and on the Island of
Orleans. (Thomas.') Nicolet and Three Rivers, Q. (Martagan.}
Casselman Station, Carleton Co. (Macoitn.} Common near Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.} On the Thousand Islands in the St. Lawrence near
Brockville; very common on islands in the Bay of Quirite; also by
roadsides near Belleville ; common on islands in Rice Lake. (Macoun.}
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Chippawa, Ont. (Maclagan.}
Field near Cove, in the vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess?)
Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Wet places, north-west corner of
Toronto. (Foivler.}

441. CHELONE, Linn. (TURTLE-HEAD. BALMONY.)

(163Y.) C. glabra, Linn.

C. glabra var. alba, Pursh Fl. II., 427.

In bogs, wet meadows and by brooks. Quite common from Newfound-
land, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick westward throughout Quebec
and Ontario. Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.} Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Burgess.}

(1638.) C. nemorosa, Dougl.

C. ramosa, Dougl. Hook. FL II., 95.

Woods along mountain streamlets. Woods in the Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains, 49th parallel. (Dawson.}

442. PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. (BEARD-TONGUE.)
(1639.) P. Menziesii, Hook.

P. Lewisii, Benth. DC. Prodr. X., 321.
Gerardia fruticosa, Pursh Fl. II., 423.

On rocks and mountain tops. Summit of South Kootanie Pass ;
also, eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.} Bow River
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 355

Yar. Scouleri, Gray.

P. Menziesii, Hook. Fl. II., 98, in part.

Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Lyall.') Very
abundant in the Cascade Mountains, along the Fraser River, above
Yale, B.C. (Macoun, Daiuson & Hill.} Nutka. (Menzies.}

(1640.) P. frutescens, Lamb.

Ounalashka. (Pallas.) Dr. Gray doubts the occurrence of this
plant on the above island.

(1641.) P. acuminatus, Dougl.

P. nitidus, Dougl. Bourgeau, PI. 259.

Red Deer and Eagle Hills, and other dry places on the Saskatchewan,
Assiniboine and Red rivers. (Richardson & Douglas.) Dry banks
near Short Creek, Souris River, 49th parallel ; also Fossil Coulee, Milk
River Ridge. (Dawson.} Abundant on the dry slopes of the Assini-
boine River, at and above Brandon, on the dry slopes of the Qu'Appelle
River near its mouth, and frequent farther west on dry ridges and
upper slopes of coulee and river banks. (Macoun.) On gravel hills
at Moose Mountain Creek, and abundant on dry slopes in the Cypress
Hills and at Maple Creek. (J. M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)

(1642.) P. cristatus, Nutt.

P. Erianthera, Pursh Fl. II., 737.

P. pubescens, Sol. Dawson, Bound. Rep. 368, in part.

P. attenuatus, Dawson, Bound. Rep. 368. Macoun's Cat., No 1248.

Rising ground, Red River prairie, and near Wood Mountain on the
open prairie, 49th parallel ; also gravelly slopes along the Milk River.
(Dawson.) Dry gravelly soil, frequent from Brandon southward and
westward, on the open prairie. (Macoun.) On light sandy soil
throughout the country south and west of Moose Mountain, and very
common at Maple Creek north of the Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun,
C. P. R. Coll.}

(1643.) P. ovatus, Dougl.

Along the southern boundary of British Columbia. (Gray.) Elk
River Valley west side of Rocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1644.) P. confertus, Dougl.

Mountain pine woods, in dry sandy soils, on the Columbia River.
(Douglas.) South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel; Crow Nest Pass and
on the Flathead River, and Elk. River Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Bow

356 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Eiver Pass on mountain slopes. (Macoun.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon
Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

Var. caerulco-purpureus, Gray.

P. procerus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 97.
P. Tolmiei, Hook. Fl. II., 98.

Plains of the Saskatchewan to the Bocky Mountains. (Richardson
& Drummond.) Trader's Eoad, and at Wood Mountain, 49th parallel ;
Milk Eiver Eidge and westward up the Old Man Eiver within the
Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Frequent on the grassy slopes of
coulees and depressions in the prairie from Brandon westward to the
Eocky Mountains and northward from Calgary by Edmonton, the
Athabasca Eiver and Peace Eiver prairie to Lat. 56° ; very abundant
in northern British Columbia, and common on the Fraser and Thomp-
son rivers. (Macoun.) Along Ilgacho Brook and on the Tsi-tsutl
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1645.) P. humilis, Nutt.
In the Eocky Mountains near the British boundary. (Gray.)

(1646.) P. gracilis, Nutt.

Eed Eiver and Saskatchewan. (Richardson & Drummond.) Frequent
on dry hillsides throughout Manitoba and the western prairie region.
(Macoun.) "West of Moose Mountain Creek on dry soil, and plentiful
north of Cypress Hills. (<7. M. Macoun, C. P. JR. Coll.) On the 49th
parallel near Emerson, Man. (Burgess.)

(1647.) P. pubescens, Solander.

On dry, gravelly or sandy soil apparently confined to Ontario.
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Burnt lands in Huntley
Township, Carleton Co., and at the Fourth Chute of the Bonnechere,
Eenfrew Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Abundant in the counties
of Hastings and Northumberland, Ont. (Macoun.) Waterdown Eoad,
Burlington Heights, Hamilton, Ont. (1/ogie.) Niagara Eiver, Navy
Island and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of London, and on
Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) Port Colborne, entrance to
Welland Canal, Ont. (David F. Day.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.)

(1648.) P. glaucus, Graham.

Eocky Mountains between Lat. 52-56°. (Drummond.) Summit of
the South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Fort
Selkirk, Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.). On the Lower
Mackenzie Eiver. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 357

(1649.) P. deustus, Dougl.

On dry soil, north to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.*)

(1650.) P. venustus, Dougl.

P. dasyphyllus, Gray. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 369.

So uth Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49° ; Crow Nest Pass and Wigwam Kiver,
Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.*) On the higher slopes of the Rocky
Mountains, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.}

(1651.) P. diffusus, Dougl.

P. serrulatus, Menzies. Hook. Fl. II., 95.

North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Rocky banks, Coldwater River, B.C.
(Dawson.) Wooded banks, Fraser River, near the coast. (Cowley.*)

(1652.) P. triphyllus, Dougl.
On rocks from Oregon to British Columbia. (Gray.}

443. MIMULUS, Linn. (MONKEY-FLOWER.)

(1653.) M. Lewisii, Pursh.

M. rosew, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 100.

Shady and moist, or wet ground around springs. Observed growing
in mossy places bordering streams, in the South Kootanie Pass to an
altitude of 6,000 feet ; Michell Creek and Flathead River, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.} Mountains north of the Smoky River,
Lat. 55°. (Drummond.) Around a spring opposite Hudson's Hope,
Rocky Mountain Canon, Peace River, Lat. 56°. (MacounJ) Along
mountain brooks, Cariboo, B.C. (Cowley.}

(1654.) M. ringens, Linn.

In ditches and brooks common from Cape Breton westward to the
Saskatchewan. A variety with white flowers is abundant along ditches
in the township of Seymour, about 5 miles north of Campbellford,
Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.~)

(1655.) M. Jamesii, Torr. & Gray.

In water or wet places usually in springs. York Mills, near Toronto,
Ont. (R. M. Stark.) On the borders of Grenadier Pond, near Toronto.
(Fowler.)

358 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1656.) M. luteus, Linn.

M. guttatus, DC. Hook. Fl. II., 99.
M. Scouleri, Hook. Fl. II., 100.

A most variable and polymorphous species, ranging from a few
inches to over three feet in height. The coast and mountain forms are
usually quite small, while the Cypress Hills specimens are very tall and
stout. In springs amongst the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) Border of
a stream at the West Butte ; also observed near the Second Branch of
Milk Kiver growing in the water of a spring ; and summit of South
Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel ; also, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C.
(Dawson.} Abundant along brooks in the valley of Fraser Kiver, B.C.
(Hill.') Very abundant around Victoria, Vancouver Island and
very variable. Gathered by all collectors. Moist woods along the
whole North-west Coast from Lat. 49° to Alaska. (Hooker.} Cape
St. Elias, Ounalashka, Kodiak and Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.}

Var. alpinus, Gray.

From Alaska southward through the mountains to the 49th parallel.
(Gray.') This form is probably included with our specimens referred
to the species.

(1657.) M. alsinoides, Benth.

Bottom of Canon, below Elk Kiver bridge, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson) Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun & Hill.}

(1658.) M. moschatus, Dougl. Musk Plant.

Growing in swampy land near Alma, Albert Co., N.B. (Brittain.}
Ditches and brooks in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun & Fletcher.} Certainly a garden escape in New Brunswick.
(Macoun.}

444. GRATIOLA, Linn. (HEDGE HYSSOP.)

(1659.) C. ebracteata, Benth.

In ditches and wet places around Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.}

(1660.) C. Virginiana, Linn.

Beloeil Mountain and Montreal. (Maclagan.} At Beauport near
Quebec. (Thomas.) In mud at Gould's Wharf, Horton, Renfrew Co.,
Ont. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 359

Muddy border of a small brook, 3 miles west of Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) St. Catharines, Ont. (Maclagan.) Hamilton, Ont. (Bur-
gess.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.) Red River flats near Emerson,
Man. (Dawson.) Abundant in exsiccated places near Fort Walsh,
Cypress Hills ; also in a muddy flat, south of Battleford, N. W. T.
(Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.) Plains of the Red River,
Man. (Douglas.) Northward to British Columbia. (Gray.)

(1661.) C. aurea, Muhl.

G. offidnalis, Michx. Fl. I., 6.

Muddy bank of Richelieu River, and at St. John's, Q. (Nat. Hist.
Coll., Montreal.) On the muddy beach of the Ottawa River, at Mans-
field, Q. (Rev. J. K. McMorine.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
Ott.) On dried mud, or rocky flats immediately west of the railway
bridge, and at the paper mill, a mile above the bridge, close to the
city of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Very common around Lake Joseph,
Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.)

445. ILYSANTHES, Raf. (FALSE PIMPERNEL.)
(1662.) I. gratioloides, Benth.

Gratiola anagallidea, Michx. Fl. I., 6.
Lindernia pyxidaria, Pursh Fl. II., 419.

In muddy places along the banks of rivers and on exsiccated flats
which are flooded in spring. Frequent in wet sandy or gravelly places
subject to inundation, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Frequent throughout
Quebec and Ontario in its usual habitats.

446. LIMOSELLA, Linn. (MUD-WORT.)

(1663.) L. aquatica, Linn.

York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) In a muddy brook near
the Hand Hills, Long. 112° ; ten miles north of Edmonton in brackish
mud ; also on mud flats on the lower Peace River and at Fort Chip-
weyan, Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.) Short Creek, near Wood Moun-
tain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)

Var. tenuifolia, Hoffm.

Brackish river banks and shores. Near St. Stephen, Charlotte Co.,
KB. ( Vroom.)

360 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

447. DIGITALIS, Linn. (FOX GLOVE.)

(1664.) D. purpurea, Linn.

Apparently naturalized in a meadow about three miles from South
Sydney on the Louisburg Road, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Between
Port Hastings and New Westminster, B.C. (Fletcher.)

448. SYNTHYRIS, Benth.

(1665.) S. rubra, Benth.

Gfymnandra rubra, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 103.

On dry gravelly soil along the southern trail, near Fort Walsh,
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Ten miles west of Fort Walsh.
(Dawson.) Along the Flathead River, B.C. [?] (Douglas.')

449. VERONICA, Linn. (SPEEDWELL. BROOKLIME.)

(1666.) V. Virginica, Linn. Culver's Physic.

Moist woods and banks from Canada and Winnipeg valley south-
ward. (Gray.) Islands in Detroit River. (Maclagan.)

(1667.) V. AnagalliS, Linn. Water Speedwell.

In brooks and muddy places and in springs, rather common. In
ditches near Pictou, N.S. ( McKay.) Lachine Rapids, near Montreal.
1821. (Holmes.) Shore of Lake Abbitibee, northern Quebec. (Richard-
son.'} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Wet places, common at
Proscott, Ont. (Billings.) Ramsay, Caiieton Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K.
McMorine.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Neighborhood of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Tor onto. (Fowler.) Ditches
and boggy places around Belleville, Ont. ; ditches at Owen Sound and
along the north shore of Lake Superior ; also in a muddy brook east
of the Hand Hills, and north of Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Throughout Canada to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) North-
west coast of British Columbia. (Douglas.)

(1668.) V. Americana, Schwein. American Brooklime.
V. Beccabunga, Hook. Fl. II., 101.
V. Anagallis, Bong. Rothr. Alask., 452.

Abundant in brooks, springs and ditches from Anticosti, Nova Scotia,
and New Brunswick westward across the continent to the Pacific

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 361

Coast. It extends (as far as known) northward to Lake Athabasca on
the east of the Rocky Mountains and on the west to Sitka and Ouna-
lashka.

(1669.) V. SCUtellata, Linn. Marsh Speedwell.

Very common in ditches and swamps having the same range westerly
as the preceding, not recorded from any point north of Lake Atha-
basca. (Macoun.} Canada to English Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Richardson.}
Abundant in British Columbia. (Fletcher.')

pubescens, Macoun.
This variety is very common in spring brooks around Belleville, Ont.
It is the only form found there and differs from the type only in its
pubescent stem and leaves. The hairs cover every part except the
flower, and are quite hard, making the plant almost hirsute.

(1670.) V. Chamaedrys, Linn. Germander Speedwell.

Sparingly naturalized in a few localities. Windsor, N.S. (How.)
Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.} Not uncommon on the heights of Point
Levis, Q. (Macoun & Thomas.') Vicinity of Quebec. (Maclagan.}

(1671.) V. offlcinalis, Linn.

Abundant in open grassy places on Point Pleasant near Halifax, and
across the harbor on the hills above Dartmouth, N.S. (Macoun &
McGill Coll. Herb.} Around Pictou and Halifax, N.S. (McKay.}
Dry fields or hills, Norton, and near Fredericton, N,B. (Folder's Cat.)
Roadsides near Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Eoadsides near Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.} In pasture fields near St. Thomas, Ont. (Macoun.)
Common around Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Vicinity of London, Ont.
(Burgess.} In the neighborhood of Toronto. (Dr. Cowdry.} Port
Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.}

(1672.) V. Kamtschatica, Linn, f.

V, aphylla, var. grandiflora, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 476.
Kiska, one of the Aleutian Islands. (Dall. in Gray.)

(1673.) V. Stelleri, Pall.

Ounalashka and other Aleutian Islands. (Gray.}

(1674.) V. alpina, Linn.

V. nutans, Bong. Hook. Fl. II., 101.

V. alpina, var. Wormskioldii, Hook. Fl. II., 101.

Coast of Labrador. (Gray.) Abundant on the summits of Mount
Albert and Table Top, two of the Shickshock mountains, Gaspe".

362 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Macoun & Porter.) Eocky Mountains, South Kootanie Pass, 6,500
feet altitude, 49th parallel ; Michell Creek, Crow Nest Pass, western
summit of North Kootanie Pass, and head waters of High-wood
Eiver, Eocky Mountains; also near Tanyabunkat Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)
Alpine prairies of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drwmmond.)
Cold damp meadows near McLeod's Lake, Lat. 55°, B.C. ; also on
the slopes of the Eocky Mountains, Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Eothr.
Alask.) Eastern specimens are much more hairy than those from the
Eocky Mountains. The latter seem to represent the V. nutans of
Bongard.

(1675.) V. serpyllifolia, Linn.

Open grassy grounds, roadsides, pastures, and borders of ditches ;
appearing generally like an introduced plant, but extending in such
situations from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and far to the north passing
the Arctic Circle. On the west coast it passes north to the Aleutian
Islands off the coast of Alaska.

(1676.) V. peregrina, Linn. Neck-weed.

Common throughout the whole of Canada along the margins of rivers
and wet or muddy places in cultivated fields, meadows or pastures. In
the prairie region it is frequent on exsiccated ground and brook sides.
On the margins of the great rivers it passes far to the north and
almost reaches the Arctic Sea on the Mackenzie.

(1677.) V. arvensis, Linn. Cora Speedwell.

Extensively naturalized in cultivated and waste ground. On the
grassy slopes of Cape Forteau, at Yarmouth, and on Cape Blomidon,
at the "Look-out," N.S. (Macoun.) St. Andrews, N.B. (Vroom.)
Chamcook Mountain, N.B. (Hay,') Portage, King's Co., and Hills-
borough, N.B. (Brittain.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Eamsay, Cai'leton Co., Ont. (Rev. J. K.McMorine.) Miriwin's Woods,
near Prescott, Ont., rare. (Billings.) Vicinity of Belleville at the
gravel pit, and near the paper mill ; also at Pine Grove, Brighton,
and near the village of Castleton, Northumberland Co. ; also around
Owen Sound on waste places. (Macoun.) Kingston and Port Eobin-
son, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)
Neighborhood of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(Fowler.)

(1678.) V. agrestis, Linn.

Naturalized in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Windsor, N.S.
(How.) Introduced into a garden a few years ago at Eichibucto, N.B.,

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 363

and now spreading beyond, also at Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of St. Andrews, N. B. ( Vroom.) Ballast wharf, St. John,
N.B. (Hay.) Spreading from a garden in Picton, Ont. (Macoun.)
Introduced with grass-seed at Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

(1619.) V. Buxbaumii, Tenore.

On ballast heaps, North Sydney, Cape Breton, and also at Pictou,
N.S. (Macoun.) Neighborhood of Kingston and London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Very sparingly naturalized.

460. CERARDI A, Linn. (GERARDIA.)
(1680.) C. pedicularia, Linn.

Dasystoma pedicularia, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 520.

Waterdown Road and other places near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
Niagara River. (Maclagan.) Sandy woods near Clifton, Niagara
Falls, and dry copses on the banks of the Humber near Toronto.
(Macoun.) On sandy soil Burford Plains, Brant Co., Ont. (Tate.)

(1681.) C. flava, Linn.

Dasystoma pubescens, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 521.
Oaklands, Ont. (Miss Kate Crooks.) Open woods, Canada. (Gray.)

(1682.) C. quercifolia, Pursh.

Dasytoma quercifolia, Benth in DC. Prodr. X., 521.

G. integrifolia, Gray. Logie in List of Hamilton Plants.

Dry sandy woods St. James' cemetery, Toronto. (Macoun.) Water-
down Road and Prince's Island near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Niagara
River, Cayuga, and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Wesleyan cemetery
and along the Great Western Railway, at London, Ont. (Sounders
& Burgess.)

(1683.) C. aspera, Dougl.

Q. longifolia, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 104.

Plains and prairies from the Saskatchewan to Dakota. (Gray.)
Pastures of the Red River, Man. (Douglas.)

(1684.) C. purpurea, Linn.

Low and moist grounds, Canada. (Gray.) Niagara Falls. (Burgess.)
Windmill Point, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.}

364 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Var. paupercula, Gray.

G. purpurea, Sims. Hook. Fl. II, 104.

Lower Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Gray.} Between the Recol-
letand St. Antoine suburbs, Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.') Nicolet, and
Montreal, Q. (Maclagan.') BeauharnoisCo., Q. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.)
On submerged or floating logs, St. Louis dam and other places near
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) On wet logs at Carleton Place and
Kingston Mills ; also, banks of Mississippi Eiver, Ont. (Rev. J. K.
McMorine.) On logs in the Bay of Quinte ; in a wet field at Weller's
Bay, Lake Ontario ; border of a small brook, Wallbridge's Mill, Has.
tings Co. ; also, marsh at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Toronto Island and at the
Humber west of the city. (Fowler.) Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.)
Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.) Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.)

(1685.) C. tenuifolia, Vahl.

G. erecta, Walt. Michx. Fl. II., 20.

Low or dry ground, Canada to Minnesota. (Gray.) Nicolet, Q.
(Maclagan.) On dry sandy banks of the Humber near Toronto.
(Macoun.) Prince's Island near Hamilton, Ont. (jLogie.) Niagara
and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Lonely Lake, 100 miles north-east of
the Lake of the Woods. (R. Bell.)

451. CASTILLEIA, Linn. f. (PAINTED-CUP.)

(1686.) C. COCCi nea, Spreng. Painted-cup.
Bartsia coccinea, Pursh Fl. II., 429.

Always on warm sandy soil to the eastward, but often on low damp
soil in Manitoba. Vicinity of Belleville, and on the Oak Hills, Sidney,
Hastings Co. ; abundant on the oak and pine lands, Rice Lake Plains.
(Macoun.) On the mountain at Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Don and
Humber valleys near Toronto. (William Titler.) Niagara River and
Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Whirlpool Woods, Niagara River. (David
F. Day.) Great Western Railway east of London. (Saunders &
Burgess.) High Park, Toronto. (Fowler.) Shore of Red Bay, Lake
Huron ; along th e north shore of Lake Superior, and up Current
River, Thunder Bay ; very common in some parts of Manitoba, espe-
cially around Brandon. (Macoun.) Along Rainy River and Lake of
the Woods, also rising ground east of Red River on the 49th parallel.
(Dawson.) On the Souris Plain south of Moose Mountain. (J. M.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 365

Mdcoun, C. P. E. Coll.') A yellow bracted form is common in Manitoba,
but it can scarcely he called a variety.

(1687.) C. parviflora, Bong.

C. hispida, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 105.

Common on dry grounds, North-west Coast. (Scouler.) Abundant
on gravelly hillsides and grassy places, Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun, Fletcher & Cowley.) Chilcoten Eiver west of the Fraser
Eiver, B.C., and Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.) Common from California to Alaska. (Gray.)

(1688.) C. miniata, Dougl.

C. pattida, var. Unalaschensis, Cham. & Schlecht., in part
C. pattida, var. miniata, Gray. Macoun's Cat., No. 1283.

Abundant on damp grassy slopes throughout the whole prairie
region and northward to the Peace Eiver. (Macoun.) Crow Nest
Pass, and eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, apparently
common, on the Eocky Mountains ; also, Chilcoten Eiver, B. C.
(Dawson.) Spillmacheen District, B.C. (Hill & Cowley.) Abundant
along the Thompson, Blackwater and Nachaco rivers, B.C. (Macoun.)
Northward to Alaska. (Gray.)

(1689.) C. pallida, Kunth.

Bartsia pallida, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 429.

Sub-arctic, North-west America, both coast and islands. (Gray.)
Sitka, Kotzebue Sound, Chamisso Island, and Arctic Coast ; also Fort
Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Pastures of the Eocky Mountains ; and throughout Canada to Hudson
Bay and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Drummond &
Richardson.) North-west coast to Behring Straits. (Chamisso.)

Var. septentrionalis, Gray.

C. septentrionalis, Lindl. Hook. Fl. II., 105.

C. pattida, var. Unalaschensis, Cham. & Schlecht., in part.

Bartsia acuminata, Pursh Fl. II., 429.

Exposed coasts and mountain tops. Along the rivers of Anticosti,
and on the top of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe\
(Macoun.) Hills of the Eestigouche Eiver, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Collected in Madawaska, N.B. (Hay.) Temiscouta, Q. (Maclagan.)
On Michipicotin Island and at the Hudson Bay post, entrance to Nipi-
gon Eiver, Lake Superior ; also along the Eed Deer Eiver near the
Hand Hills and on the Bow Eiver at Morley. (Macoun.) Along the

366 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Bow Eiver at Calgary. (J. M. Macoun.} Foot-hills of the Eocky
Mountains on the 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Arctic Sea coast. (Richardson.') Metapedia, N". B.
(Fletcher.)

(1690.) C. sessiliflora, Pursh.

Abundant on dry ridges along the Assiniboine Eiver, both above and
below Brandon ; also on Brandon Hills. (Macoun.) First Crossing
of Souris Eiver, on dry hillsides, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Common
on both sandy and gravelly soil south of Moose Mountain. (J. M.
Macoun, C, P. E. Coll.}

452. ORTHOCARPUS, Nutt.

(1691.) O. attenuatus, Gray.

Quite common on gravelly and grassy places around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun & Dawson.)

(1692.) O. tenuifolius, Benth.

Bartsia tenuifolia, Pursh Fl. II., 429.

Dry ground, Montana to British Columbia. (Gray.) On dry slopes,
Osoyoos Lake, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1693.) O. bracteosus, Benth.

Dry ground, British Columbia. (Gray.) On Cedar Hill, eight
miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island, and in several other places
around the city. (Macoun & Fletcher.)

(1694.) O. luteus, Nutt.

0. strictus, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 104.

Plains of the Saskatchewan and prairies in the Eocky Mountains.
(Drummond.) Abundant on the dry open praii-ie from Winnipeg to
the Eocky Mountains and northward to Peace Eiver. (Macoun.) In
great profusion on the Souris Plain, south of Moose Mountain. (J. M.
Macoun, C. P. M. Coll.) Along the 49th parallel at Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.) North Fork of Old Man River, Eocky Mountains ; also
along the Chilcoten Eiver, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1695.) O. pusillus, Benth.

On dry hillsides and gravelly soil generally, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 367

453. EUPHRASIA, Linn. (EYEBRIGHT.)

(1696.) E. officinalis, Linn.

Abundant along the coasts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Labrador,
Anticosti, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and up the St.
Lawrence on both sides to Quebec ; also along the north shore of Lake
Superior and in the Rocky Mountains on Bow River Pass. (Macoun.)
Canada and Newfoundland to Lat. 64°. (Richardson.) Aleutian
Islands and far northward. (Dr. Gray.} Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

Var. Tartarica, Benth.

E. latifolia, Pursh, Fl. II., 430.

E. officinalis, var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 106.

This variety has pale purple flowers, while the typical form has
white flowers with purple veins. Labrador. (Pursh.) Cape Bold
and Little Rocher, N.B. (Brittam.) Prairies of the Rocky Mountains,
Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Dr. Gray says that the North American
plant is chiefly thia variety.

454. BARTSlA, Linn.

(1697.) B. alpina, Linn.

Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Ungava Bay, Labrador ; along the
Mackenzie River near the sea. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Fiske Fiord,
Lat. 64°. (Dr. Kane.)

(1698.) B. Odontites, Huds.

Naturalized in the Atlantic provinces. Common in the vicinity, and
in the streets of Pictou and along the River St. John, N.S. (McKay.)
Near Windsor, N. S. (How.) At Whycocomagh, Cape Breton.
(Lindsay.) In a field at Truemansville, N.S. (Trueman.) Lancaster
Beach, and abundant on an island, at the Falls, mouth of St. John
River, N.B. (Hay.)

455. PEDICULARIS, Linn. (LOUSEWORT.)

(1699.) P. Menziesii, Benth.

North-west Coast. (Menzies.) Dr. Gray remarks of this species —
" Not clearly identified."

368 GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY OF CANADA.

(1700.) P. verticillata, Linn.

Sitka and the islands generally ; also Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.) Alaska to Arctic Sea and Aleutian Islands. (Dr. Gray.}

(1701. ) P. Chamissonis, Stev.
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Aleutian Islands. (Dr. Gray.}

(1702.) P. Crcenlandica, Eetz.

P. surrecta, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 107.

Labrador. (Morrison.} In swamps between Fort Pitt and Edmonton
north of the Saskatchewan ; also in peat bogs on the portage between
Little Slave Lake and Peace Eiver. Marsh at the crossing of Red
Deer River below the Hand Hills. (Macoun.} Alpine marshes of the
Rocky Mountains ; York Factory, Hudson Bay. (Drummond.) Bogs
in the Bow River Valley between Calgary and Morley. (J. M. Macoun,
C. P. R. Coll.) Foot-hills between North and Middle Fork of Old
Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) West to British Columbia.
(Dr. Gray.}

(1703.) P. racemosa, Dougl.

Sub-alpine regions of British Columbia. (Dr. Gray.} Flathead
Valley; also along Osoyoos Lake, B.C. (Dawson.} On the upper
slopes of the Rocky Mountains in the Kicking Horse Pass. (Macoun.}

(1704.) P. Lapponica, Linn.

Labrador. (Kolmeister.} Barren grounds between Lat. 64° and the
Arctic Sea. (Richardson.} Disco Island, and on both sides of Baffin's
Bay. (Oapt. Markham.} Near Fort Confidence, Lat. 67° ; also between
the Coppermine River and Cape Turn-again, Lat, 67° 54', Long. 115°
31'. (Dease.)

(1705.) P. pedicellata, Bunge.

P. subnuda, Benth. Rothr. Alask, 452.

Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.} Norfolk Sound. (Eschscholtz.) Also in
Labrador, according to Bunge. (Dr. Gray.}

(1706.) P. euphrasioides, Stephan.

Labrador. (Kolmeister.} Moist mossy places north of the Sas-
katchewan to the Arctic seashore. (Richardson.) Woods of Pinus
Banksiana in the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.) Along the North
Saskatchewan between Fort Pitt and Edmonton. (Macoun} Il-ga-chuz
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson. ) Norton and Kotzebue Sound, and islands of

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 369

Chamisso and Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.) Hudson Strait. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Near Fort Confidence, Lat. 6*7°, Long. 119°. (Dease.) Sussex
Lake, Great Fish Eiver. (Dr. Rae.)

(1707.) "P. palustris, Linn. Yar. Wlassoviana, Bunge.

P. Wlassoviana, Stev. Hook. Fl. II-, 107.
P. palustris, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 107.

Newfoundland. (Dr. Morrison.) In a marsh at the head of Ellis
Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Cacouna, River St. Lawrence. (Burgess.)
Along the St. Lawrence at Ste. Anne des Monts. (Alien.) Vicinity
of York Factory, Hudson Bay. (H. Bell.) From Hudson Bay to the
Saskatchewan Plains, and at Carlton. (Richardson & Drummond.)
On the Mackenzie Eiver. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Kotzebue Sound.
(Capt. Beechy.) Bartlett Ba^y, Alaska. (MeeJian.) Arctic America,
at Bay of Good Hope. (Rothr. Alask.)

(1*708.) P. Canadensis, Linn. Canada Lousewort.
P. gladiata, Michx. Fl. II., 18.

Moist woodlands and gravelly banks. Vicinity of Halifax and on
hillsides at Truro, KS. (Macoun.) Grand Falls of the St. John, N.B.
(Moser.) Abundant throughout western Quebec and Ontario, and
extending to Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba. (Macoun.) Rising
ground east of Red River Prairie, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) At the
Grand Rapid of the Saskatchewan near Lake Winnipeg. (Douglas.)

(1709.) P. Furbishiae, Watson.

Upper St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Andover, N.B. (Wetmore.) Banks
of the Aroostook within New Brunswick. ( Vroom.) This is a new
species lately discovered in Maine.

(1710.) P. lanceolata, Michx.

P. resupinata, (?) Willd. Pursh, Fl. II., 425.
P.pallida, Pursh, Fl. II., 424.

Grassy swamps eastward and rich prairie in the west. Coldstream
Flats, Ont. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Cayuga and Maiden, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.) Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Rich damp prairie, White Horse
Plains, and low rich prairie near Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)

(1711.) P. bracteosa, Benth.

P. recutita, Pursh, Fl. II., 425, probably.

Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummand.) Sou;h
Fork of Belly River, in a dense wood ; lower slopes of South Kootaalc
12

370 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Pass, 49th parallel ; western summit of North Kootanie Pass ; also
Crow Nest Pass. (Dawson.) On grassy slopes, Bow Eiver Pass,
Rocky Mountains ; also Cache Creek Mountain, B.C. (Macoun.}
Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)

(1712.) P. Sudetica, Willd.

Bear Lake to the Arctic sea-coast. (Richardson.} Cape Lisburne,
Kotzebue Sound, Arctic coast and island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr. Alask.)
St. Paul and St. Lawrence islands, &c. (Dr. Gray.} Melville Islands.
(Capt. Markham) Near Fort Confidence, Lat. 67°, Long. 119° ; also
westward of Mackenzie River, Lat. 71°, Long. 126°. (Dease.) Islands
north of Lancaster Sound and Greenland. (Hook. Arct. Pi.)

(1713.) P. Langsdorffii, Fisch.

Aleutian and more northern islands, Kotzebue Sound, &c. (Dr. Gray.)
Behring's Straits. (Menzies.) Melville Island. (Sir E. Parry.}
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

Var. lanata, Gray.

P. Kanei, Durand in Jour. Acad. Philad. N. Ser. II., 195.

P. arctica, R. Br. App. Parry, 280.

P. Langsdorffii, Macoun's Cat, No. 1300.

Same range as the type on the north-west coast; also Arctic coast
and islands, and high northern Rocky Mountains. (Dr. Gray.) Sum-
mits of Rocky Mountains, abundant. (Drummond.) On the summit
of Mount Selwyn, Peace River Pass. Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) Il-ga-chuz
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.) Cariboo Mountains, B.C. (Cowley.)
Bear Lake River to the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.) Islands of St.
George and St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound and Arctic coast. (Rothr.
Alask.) On both sides of Baffin's Bay. (Capt. Marhham.) Ransselaer
Harbor, Lat. 79° ; also at various places on Smith's Sound. (Dr.
Kane.) Lake Beechy, Back's Great Fish River. (McGill Coll. Herb.}

(1714.) P. hirsute, Linn.

Arctic sea-coast, and Arctic islands, frequent. (Capt. Parry.} On
both sides of Baffin's Bay, Melville Island, Navy Board Inlet, and
Elwyn Inlet. (Capt. Markham.} Back's Great Fish River. (Capt.
Back.) West of the Mackenzie River, Lat. 71°, Long. 154°. (Dease.)
Bast coast of Greenland and Smith's Sound. Hook. Arct. PL)

(1715.) P. flammea, Linn.

Labrador to the northern Rocky Mountains and northward. (Dr.
Gray.} Labrador. (Kolmeister.} Arctic America. (Richardson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 371

Summits of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.} Fort Selkirk,
Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.} Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL*)

(1716.) P. versicolor, Wahl.

Islands of North-west America. (Hooker.} Island of St. Lawrence.
(Chamisso.} Kotzebue Sound and the Island of St. Lawrence.
(Rothr. Alask.}

(1717.) P. capitata, Adams.

P. Nelsonii, R. Br. in Richards. Frankl. App., 743.
P. vertidllata, Pursh, Fl. II., 426, not of Linn.

Arctic sea-coast, Kotzebue Sound, Ounalashka, and more northern
islands. (Dr. Gray.} Arctic seashore and islands. (Richardson.)
Behring's Straits. (Lanysdorff.} On both sides of Baffin's Bay and
Port Kennedy. (Capt. Markham.} Westward of Mackenzie Eiver,
Lat. 71°, Long. 154° ; also between the Coppermine Eiver and Cape
Turn-again, Lat. 67° 54', Long. 115° 31°. (Dease.} Near the mouth
of Back's Great Fish Eiver. (McGitt Coll. Herb.}

456. RHINANTHUS, Linn. (YELLOW-RATTLE.)

(1718.) R. Crista-galli, Linn.

R. minor, Ehrh. Beitr. VI., 144.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.} Abundant and very common in places,
on Bonne Esperance, and found all along the Labrador coast. With Eu-
phrasia ojficinalis, in low, moist but not marshy places. ( W. E. Stearns.}
Very common along rivers and grassy places on tfie west side of Anti-
costi , also abundant at Louisburg, North Sydney and Baddack, Capo
Breton ; at Pictou, Straits of Canso, and Yarmouth, N.S. Certainly
indigenous at all those points. (Macoun.} Halifax, N.S. Introduced (?)
(Lawson & Sommers.} Pictou, N.S. (McKay.} Oyster Ponds, Guys-
boro' Co., N.S. (Ball.} Common near St. John, north of Miramichi
on Bathurst Eoad ; also Blacklands, Eestigouche Co., N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} Abundant at Campbellton, N.B., along the Bay of Chaleui- and
up the Gaspd coast and on the mountains to Petit Me"tis. (Macoun.}
St. Eoch des Aulnais, Q. (Maclagan.} Wet meadows in many places,
along the St. Lawrence below Quebec. (Thomas.} Low meadow
at the Pic 'Eiver, Lake Superior, also in the Bow Eiver Pass and on
Peace Eiver at St. John's, and Hudson's Hope, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.}
From the Saskatchewan to the shores of Slave Lake and to Fort
Franklin. (Richardson.} Prairies of the Eocky Mountains. (Drum-

372 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

mond.*) Foot Hills between the North and Middle Fork of Old Man
River ; also Foot Hills of Rocky Mountains, and western side of the
water-shed, South Kootanie Pass ; Queen Charlotte Islands. (Dawson.~)
Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.~) Greenland, south of the Arctic Circle.
(Hook. Arct. PL}

Var. major, Ehrh. (?)

A. form which is extremely like this has been collected at Yarmouth,
N.S., near the railway station by the winter, and at Me taped ia, N.B.,
by Mr. Fletcher, of the Parliamentary Library. The specimens in ques-
tion have large yellow flowers, with yellowish bracts, and long narrow
leaves ; they are taller and more branching than the usual form of
R. Cristi-galli. This may be the introduced plant found at Halifax.

i
457. MELAMPYRUM, Linn. (COW-WHEAT.)

(1*719.) M. Americanum, Michx.

M. sylvaticum, Hook. Fl. II., 106.

M. pratense, var. Americanum, Benth. in DC. Prodr. X., 584.

M. lineare, Lam. Pursh, Fl. II. , 430.

Swamps, grassy thickets, and open sandy woods. Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and westward to the Coast
Range, B.C. The British Columbian specimens have broad nearly
hastate leaves, but otherwise the specimens differ very little from
those of Anticosti. It is probable that the form growing in peat bogs
is distinct from that found in sandy woods, but our present specimens
are insufficient to determine that question.

LXXI. OROBANCHACE.E BROOM-RAPE FAMILY.

458. APHYLL01M, Mitchell. (CANCER-ROOT.)
(1720.) A. tmiflorum, Gray.

Orobanche uniflora, Linn. Pursh Fl. IL, 431.
0. biflora, Nutt. Hook. Fl. IL, 93.
Anoplanthus uniflorus, Endl. DC. Prodr. XL, 41.

Parasitic on the roots of various plants. Chiefly found on dry
sandy soils in open woods. Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.} Nash-
waakis, N.B. (Prof. Fowler.} Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.} Near
Kingston Mills, Ont. (Maclagan.} On the Rice Lake Plains, near

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 373

/

Castleton ; also at Alnwick, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Whirlpool Woods, Niagara
Falls. (David F. Day.) Port Colborne, Lake Erie. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Port Stanley, Lake Brie. (Burgess.) North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassiz.) Parasitic on Artemisia roots, Tobacco Plains,
Kootanie Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Abundant around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Macoun & Hill.)

(1*721.) A. fasciculatum, Gray.

Orobanche fasciculata, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 93.
Anoplanthus fasciculatus, Walp. DC. Prodr. XI., 41.

Parasitic on the roots of Artemisia on sand hills and prairies at Spy
Hill and Old Wives Lakes, Assinniboia. (Macoun.) On sand along
Moose Mountain Creek, Assinniboia. (J". M. Macoun, C. P. R. Coll.)
Wood End on the 49th parallel ; and along Belly Eiver near Fort
McLeod ; also in the Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.) Vicinity of
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)

(1*722.) A. COmosum, Gray.

Orobanche comosa, Hook. Fl. II., 92.

Parasitic on roots of Composite. Growing on roots of Grindelia along
the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(1*723.) A, Ludovicianum, Gray.

Orobanche Ludoviciana, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 92.
Phelipcea Ludoviciana, Walp. Macoun's Cat., No. 1228.

On arid clay banks, especially along rivers. Plains of the Saskat-
chewan, rare. (Drummond.) On hills west of the Qu'Appelle, banks
of Maple Creek, also Gull Lake and banks of creeks at the Hand Hills.
(Macoun.) Near Irvine Station on the C. P. R., Assinniboia. (J. M.
Macoun.) On dry hills, Vancouver Island. (Cowley) Along Okanagon
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.) New Caledonia. (Douglas.)

(1724.) A. pinetorum, Gray.

Orobanche pinetorum, Geyer in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. III., 297-
Oregon to British Columbia, on the roots of Fir-trees. (Gray.)

459. CONOPHOLIS, Wallr. (SQUAW-ROOT.)
(1725.) C. Americana, Wallr.

Orobanche Americana, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 431.

Eich woods under trees, especially oaks. Thicket near the G. T. R.
gravel pit, Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In rich woods, three miles in

374 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

rear of Pic ton, towards "West Lake, Prince Edward Co. ; rich woods
near Madoc village, Hastings Co. ; also in oak woods near Clifton,
Niagara Falls. (Macoun.) Woods behind Cliue's Mill, Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Vicinity of Liagara Falls. (Maclagan.) Woods near West-
minster Ponds, London, Ont. (Sounders & Burgess.} Vicinity of Port
Colborne, Lake Erie. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Point Albino, Lake Erie.
(David F. Day.)

460. BOSCHNIAKIA, C. A. Meyer.

(1726.) B. glabra, C. A. Meyer.

Orobanche glabra, Hook. II. II., 91.

Great Slave Lake to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver.
(Richardson.) North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Aleutian
Islands and east to Slave Lake. (Gray.) Sitka and Kotzebue Sound.
(Hothr. Alask.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(1727.) B. Hookeri, Walp.

Orobanclie tuberosa, Hook. Fl. II., 92.

4

North-west coast of America. (Menzies.) Not seen since. (Gray.)

461. EPIPHECUS, Nutt. (BEECH-DROPS.)

(1728.) E. Virginiana, Bart. Cancer-root.

E. Americana, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 93.
Orobanche Virginiana, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 431.

Under beech trees in thick woods. North Woods, near Annapolis,
N.S. (Macoun.) Near Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.) Woods, Pictou Co.,
N.S. (McKay.) A parasitic plant on the roots of beech-trees, rather
rare in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Rather common in beech
woods both in Quebec and Ontario. As it flowers late in deep cool
woods, many collectors overlook it.

LXXTI. LENTIBULARIACE^E. BLADDER- WORT FAMILY.

462. UTRICULARIA, Linn. (BLADDER-WORT.)

(1729.) U. clandestina, Nutt.

U. striata, Tuckerm. in Am. Journ. Sci. XLV., 29.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 375

Shallow water of a small lake near Eichibucto, Kent Co., N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.} Little Eocher, Albert Co., N,B. (Brittain.)

(1730.) U. inflate, Walt.

U. ceratophylla, Michx. Pursh Fl. L, 15.
Floating in still water in Lower Canada. (Pursh.)

(1731.) U. vulgaris, Linn. Var. Americana, Gray.

Abundant in ditches and slow streams and lakes from the coast of the
Atlantic to the Pacific and far northward. Above all other carnivo-
rous plants this species has attained an unenviable notoriety by its
successful trapping, of very young fish, in the small utricles so
plentifully scattered over its floating stems.

(1732.) U. minor, Linn.

U. setacea, Michx. Hook. Fl. II., 118.

U. subulata, Pursh, Fl. I., 15, Canadian habitat.

Canada. (Pursh.) Barren specimens, apparently of this species,
were gathered by Mr. Drummond near the Saskatchewan. (Hooker.)
Shallow still waters. Canada to the Saskatchewan and west to British
Columbia. (Gray.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL) Drummond's
specimens were very likely U. intermedia.

(1733.) U. gibba, Linn.

U. minor, Torr. Fl. N.Y. II., 21, not Linn.

Shallow water on mud at the easteru,end of Partridge Lake, Anglesea
township, Addington Co., Ont. (Macoun.)

(1734.) U. intermedia, Hayne.

Abundant in shallow water creeping over the soft mud. Newfound-
land. (Gray.) Wet places in peat bogs, Anticosti ; peat bog near
North Sydney, and at Louisburg, Cape Breton ; bogs along the Gaspd
coast. (Macoun.) St. Patrick, Charlotte Co., N.B. ( Vroom.) Otty's
Lake, near Hampton, N.B. .(Brittain.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher
Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) In a small marsh near Picton, Prince Edward Co. ;
beaver meadows, North Hastings, Peterboro' and Victoria counties,
Ont. ; marshes at Chicken Bay, Lake Huron ; marshes at the mouth of
the Kaministiquia, along the north shore of Lake Superior and around
Lake Nipigon ; also in marshes along the base of the Porcupine Moun-
tain, Man. (Macoun.) Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.) Lake Winnipeg
to Bear Lake. (Richardson.) Near the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

376 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1735.) U. resupinata, B. D. Greene.

8.1 a Jy bogs and borders of ponds. Specimens of a purple flowered
Ut ic <luia (referred here) were picked up in a sandy bog at the head
of S-Ki.h Lake, Snowden, Victoria Co., in August, 1868, but were not
cxam'..i3cl. Since then the locality has not been visited.

(1733.) U. cornuta, Michx.

Sphagnous or sandy swamps from Newfoundland to Lake Superior.
(Gray.) Common in peat bogs, Anticosti, and along the Gasp£ coast ;
also in a peat bog, at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Near
Bedford, N.S. (Lawson.} Lunenburg, N.S. (Ball.} Grand Lake,
Halifax Co., N.S. (McKay.} Common in peat bogs, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} Yery abundant along Gull River between Big and Little Bush-
kong Lakes, south of the Colonization road ; marshes at Chicken Bay,
Lake Huron ; also in a marshy spot at Mclntyre's Bay, Lake Nipigon.
(Macoun.) Marshes at Westminster pond, near London, Ont. (Saunders.)
Very common in the Muskoka District. (Burgess.) Niagara Palls,
Canadian side. (David F. Day.) In mud on the edge of a marshy bay,
Pancake River, Lake Huron. (J. Bell.) Around the Gas Spring in
the Mer Bleue, near Ottawa. (Fletcher.}

463. PINCUICULA, Linn. (BUTTER-WORT.)

(1737.) P. villosa, Linn.

P. acutifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 11. Pursh Fl. I., 15.

In shady woods, near rivers about Lake Mistassini. (Pursh.)
I suspect this is P. vulgaris. (Macoun.) Labrador, Hudson Bay,
northern islands and shores of the North-west coast. (Gray.} Islands
of Chamisso and Ounalashka ; also Norton Sound. (Rothr. Alask.}

(1738.) P. alpina, Linn.

Labrador. (Steinhauer.) Not elsewhere detected in America.
(Gray.)

(1739.) P. vulgaris, Linn.

P. grandiflora, Hook. Fl. II., 118. Macoun's Cat., 1227.
P. microceras, Willd. Kothr. Alask., page 450.
P. macroceras, Cham. Rothr. Alask., page 450.

Wet rocks along rivers, lakes and sea-coasts. Newfoundland. (Miss
Brenton.) Labrador coast. (Butler.) Ungava Bay, Labrador. (Mrs.
Lizzie Crawford.} Anticosti and Mingan Islands, abundant. ( Verrill.}
Along the south-west coast of Anticosti ; also on the Gaspd coast near

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 377

Cape Eosier, and up the Madaline River. (Macoun.) Along the Dart-
mouth River, Gasp£ Basin. (Dr. J. Sell.) Little Mdtis and Alymer, Q.
(McGill Coll. Herb.') Sand at Humber ponds, neat- Toronto. [?]
(Taylor.} Shore of Lake Huron at Southampton. (Burgess.) Shore of
Red Bay, Lake Huron ; rocks along the coast of Lake Superior from
Michipicotin to Red Rock, and on the island of St. Ignace ; also abun-
dant on Huronian slates on the east coast of Lake Nipigon ; and
along the Bow River at Morley. (Macoun.) Canon of North
Branch of Elbow River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) "Woody and
barren regions north to Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Swamps
near Miet's Rock in the Rocky Mountains, rare. (Drummond.) Mill-
bank Sound, North-west Coast. (Dr. Tolmie.) Alaskan coast and
islands, and northward. (Gray.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr.
Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

LXXIII. BIGNONIACB^l. BIGNONIA FAMILY.

464. TECOMA, Juss. (TRUMPET-CREEPER.)

(1740.) T. rad leans, Juss.

This species is either indigenous on Pelee Island and Pelee Point,
Lake Erie, or it has become so naturalized as to run wild, and appear
to be native. It is quite hardy eastward as far as Belleville and Prince
Edward Co., and bears the winter cold without being taken off the trellis.

LXXIY. ACANTHACE7E. ACANTHUS FAMILY.

465. DIANTHERA, Linn. (WATER-WILLOW.)

(1741.) D. Americana, Linn.

Justicia peduncvlosa, Michx. Fl. I., 7.

In bays and slow flowing waters of the River St. Lawrence. (Pursh.)
Mouth of the St. Pierre River, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Lachine,
St. Helen's Island, Montreal ; also at Chippawa, Niagara River.
(Maclagan.) In the Niagara River above the Falls. (Burgess.")

3*78 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

LXXV. SELAGINACE.E. SELAGO FAMILY.
466. CYMNANDRA, Pall.

(1742.) C. Cmelini, Cham. & Schl.

Sartsia Gymnandra, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 430, doubtful.

Ounalashka, Popoff Islands, &c. (Gray.} St. Lawrence Island. [?]
(Eothr. Alask.}

(1743.) C. Stelleri, Cham. & Schl.

Kotzebue Sound, at Immarook. (Lay & Collie.) Perhaps Island of
St. Lawrence. (Ohamisso.~) St. Paul's Island. (Elliott.') Coast of
the Arctic Sea. (Richardson.')

LXXVI. VEKBENACEj:. VERBENA FAMILY.

467. PHRYMA, Linn. (LOPSEED.)

(1*744.) P. Leptostachya, Linn.

In low places along small brooks - not common. Andover, N. B.
( Wetmore.} Lower Norton, N.B. (Brittain.} Keswick Kidge, N.B.
(Fowler & Hay.*) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.} Montreal
Mountain and St. K<Smi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Savanne, Q., 1821.
(Holmes.} Mirwin'a Woods, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.*) Along
the Nation Eiver at Casselman, on the Canada Atlantic Bailway ;
rich damp woods and along woodland brooks, in Hastings and Prince
Edward counties ; brook sides near Castleton, Northumberland Co.,
Ont. ; also at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Woods west of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.} Wolfe Island, near Kingston, St. Catharines, and Maiden.
(Maclagan.} Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.} Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (David F. Day.}

468. VERBENA, Linn. (VERVAIN.)

(1745.) V. urticaefolia, Linn. Nettle-leaved Vervain.

Waste places, roadsides, and old pastures, appearing as if introduced
but certainly indigenous. Keswick Kidge, N.B. (Moser.} St. Ke"mi,

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 379

Q. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Koadside, Cotd St. Antoine, and other locali-
ties near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Valley of the St. Charles, near
Quebec. (Thomas.) Not uncommon in Ontario extending west to
Owen Sound.

(1746.) V. hastata, Linn.

V. hastata, var. pinnatifida, Lam. Pursh Fl. II., 416.

V. paniadata, Lain. Pursh Fl. II., 416. Hook. Fl. II., 117.

Chiefly in waste grounds and in low pastures along streams.
Common from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec westward
throughout Ontario to the Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.) Rainy Eiver,
Ont. (Dawson.) Abundant on Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.}
Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.} Low alluvial soils North-
west coast. (Douglas.} Spillimacheen, B.C. (Hill.)

(1747.) V. angustifolia, Michx.

V. rugosa, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 417.

On dry limestone soils locally abundant. Island above Nun's Island,
Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.} St. Helen's Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.)
Abundant in dry rocky fields around Belleville, and on rocky ground
at Shannonville station, G.T.E. ; also very common in the open woods
on Massassaga Point, Prince Edward Co. (Macoun.) Strathroy, and
Port Colborne, Ont. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.) Vicinity of Whitby, Ont.
(Burgess.)

(1748.) V. bracteosa, Michx.

On dry prairies apparently very rare. Collected on the high prairie
north of the Saskatchewan near the forks of the Red Deer and
Saskatchewan rivers. August 8th, 1879. (David Macoun.)

LXXV1I. LABFAT^E. MINT FAMILY.
469. ISANTHUS, Michx.

(1749.) I. caeruleus, Michx.

Moffit's Island, Montreal. (Maclagan.) Abundant on limestone
shingle on both sides of the Bay of Quinte, both above and below
Belleville ; also abundant on gravel at Heely Falls, Northumberland
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Westminster, near London, Ont.
(Miss Crooks.) Crevices of rocks, Bobcaygeon, Ont. (Saunders.)

380 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

47O. TEUCRIUM, Linn. (GERMANDER.)

(1750.) T. Canadense, Linn.

Amongst gravel along rivers and small streams. Sand-beach at
Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.') West Eiver, Pictou Co., N.S.
(Lindsay.') Boucherville Island, near Montreal. 1820. (Holmes.') Beau-
harnois Co., Q., and near Ottawa, Ont. (McGrill Coll. Herb.} St. John's
Eiver, below the village of Silleiy, Q. (Shepperd.} Vicinity of Ottawa,
and at Casselmau, oij the Nation Eiver, 30 miles from Ottawa.
• (Fletcher.} Con way's Creek at the crossing of the Brockville Eoad,
Ont. (Billings.} On islands in the St. Lawrence, below Kingston ;
common along the Bay of Quinte and in crevices of damp rocks along
the- Moira and Trent rivers, Ont. (Macoun.} Burlington Heights,
near Desjardins Canal, Hamilton, Ont. (Logic.} Chippawa, St.
Catharines, and islands in Detroit Eiver. (Maclagan.} Vicinity of
London. (Saunders & Burgess.} A. white flowered variety at Point
Albino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.}

471. AJUCA, Linn.

(1751) A. reptans, Linn. Common Bugle.
Sparingly introduced in fields near Montreal. (Maclagan.}

472. COLLINSONIA, Linn. (HORSE-BALM.)

(1752.) C. CanadensiS, Linn. Horse-weed.

Eich low woods, western Ontario. Abundant in St. James' cemetery,
Toronto ; also in various places in the vicinity of Niagara Falls.
(Macoun.} Prince's Island, near Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Chippawa,
Dundas and Maiden. (Maclagan.} Border of a field, two miles' west
of London. (Saunders & Burgess.} Eich woods near Strathroy, Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.} Eich moist woods, Woodstock, N.B. (Hay.} [?]

473. MENTHA, Linn. (MINT.)

(1753.) M. viridis, Linn. Spearmint.

Escaped from cultivation in the neighborhood of old settlements.
Vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.} Baltimore, Albert Co., N.B.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 381

(Brittain.) Common at Eiviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.} Durham
Montreal and Knowlton, Q. ; and Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll.
Herb.) Eoadside, College Hill, Belleville ; roadside near Warkworth,
Northumberland Co., Ont., and very abundant in waste places at Owen
Sound. (Macoun.) Common along roadsides in the Niagara District.
(Maclagan.) London and Niagara Falls. (Burgess.) Vicinity of
Toronto. (Fowler.)

(1754.) M. piperata, Linn. Peppermint.

Along bi'ooks in old settlements. Escaped from cultivation. Vicinity
of Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) In the neighborhood of Pictou, N. S.
(McKay.) On waste places by a brook at Truro, N.S. (Macoun.)
Sparingly escaped from gardens, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) In ditches half
way between Castleton and Colborne, and in a small brook half a mile
east of Hilton, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Common in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.) Brooks and ditches,
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) St. Andrews, St. Ee"mi, Knowlton, Q.,
and Coldstream, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1755.) M. aquatica, Linn. Water-mint.
Wet places, introduced. Near Truro, N.S. (Lindsay.)

(1756.) M. arvensis, Linn. Corn-mint.
In cultivated fields, introduced at Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)

(1757.) M. sativa, Linn. Whorled-mint.

Damp waste places, escaped from cultivation. Vicinity of Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.) Escaped from gardens, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)

(1758.) M. CanadensiS, Linn. Canada-mint.

Wet places along streams, in meadows and low places generally from
the Atlantic to the Pacific, and northward to the Mackenzie Eiver.

Var. glabrata, Benth.

M. borealis, Michx. Fl. II., 2.

The glabrous and more northern form. Specimens passing into this
form are met with in all the northern forest. Bather rare in New
Brunswick, met with at St. John and Eestigouche. (Fowler's Cat.)
Vicinity of Ottawa, (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) East coast of Hudson Bay.
(R. Bell.) Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Eagle Hills,
south of Battleford, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Elk Eiver, Kootanie Valley,
B.C. (Dawson.) Washow Bay, west side of Lake Winnipeg. (J. M.
Macoun.)

382 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

474. LYCOPUS, Linn. (WATER HOREHOUND.)

(1759.) L. Virginicus, Linn. Bugle-weed.

L. pumilus, Vahl. Pursh Fl. I., 16.
Mentha uniflorus, Michx. Fl. I., 14.

Low wet woods and by brooks from Labrador across the forest
country to British Columbia.

(1760.) L.. lucidus, Turcz. Var. Americanus, Gray.

L. obtusifolius, Vahl. Hook. Fl. II., 111.

Abundant in low damp or boggy places from Point du Che"ne west-
ward throughout Manitoba ; especially on borders of ponds at St.
Boniface, near Portage La Prairie, and at Long Lake, near Qu'Appelle.
(Macoun.) Hudson Bay. (Michaux.) EedEiver. (Douglas.) Carl-
ton House Fort on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.')

(1761.) L. sinuatus, Ell.

L. Europseus, var. sinuatus, Gray, Man. Macoun's Cat., No. 1315.

Quite common from the Atlantic westward to the Pacific. This
species is very easily separated from L. Virginicus, by noticing the
cuspidate calyx teeth. Its leaves vary considerably, but all our forms
are referable to one species.

475. HYSSOPUS, Linn. (HYSSOP.)

(1762.) H. officinalis, Linn. Garden Hyssop. .

Abundant in a few localities, around towns and villages. Escaped
from gardens. Very abundant near the St. Lawrence and Ottawa
Railway station, Ottawa. Chiefly the white flowered variety. (Fletcher. ,)
Waste places along the Salmon River a little east of Shannonville, and
on waste heaps around Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)

476. PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. (MOUNTAIN MINT.)

(1763.) P. lanceolatum, Pursh.

Dry soils rather rare. Nun's Island, near Montreal. 1821. (Holmes.)
On the shore of Lake Ontario at Weller's Bay ; also in sandy swamps at
Point Edward, near Sarnia. (Macoun.) Sandy soil, Rice Lake Plains.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 383

(Dr. Poole.) Thorold and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Strathroy, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1764.) P. incanum, Michx.

On dry soil. Reported from western Ontario. Canada. (G-oldie.)
New England to western Canada. (Gray.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Logic.) We have never seen a Canadian specimen.

477. ORIGANUM, Linn. (WILD MARJORAM.)

(1765.) O. vulgare, Linn.

Abundant on the sandy railroad track and in thickets atHawkstone,
Ont. Completely naturalized. (Burgess.)

478. THYMUS, Linn. (THYME.)

(1766.) T. Serpyllum, Linn. Creeping Thyme.

Old fields and pastures. Naturalized in an old field at Truemanville,
JST.S. (Trueman.) Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL)

479. SATUREIA, Linn. (SAVORY.)

(1767.) S. hortensis, Linn. Summer Savory.

Cultivated as a sweet-herb, and escaped to dry sandy soil in a few
localities. Found growing on a railway embankment near Hillsborough,
N.B. (Brittain.) Very abundant on the sands of Presqu'ile Point,
Lake Ontario, and occasionally in waste places around Belleville.
(Macoun.) Naturalized in places near Parkdale, Toronto. (Fowler.)

48O. MICROMERIA, Benth.

(1768.) M. Douglas! i, Benth. Yerba Buena.

Frequent in shady pine woods, North-west America. (Menzies.)
In woods near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (J. .Richardson & Fletcher.)

384 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

481. CALAMINTHA, Moench. (CALAMINT.)

(1769.) C. Nuttallii, Benth.

C. glabella, var. Nuttallii, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 349. Macoun's Cat., No.

1321.
Micromeria glabella, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 113.

On rocks at the foot of the cataract, Niagara Falls ; also shore of
Lake Huron at Bed Bay. (Macoun.} Niagara Falls. (Maclagan &
Burgess.} Observed along the shore of Lake Erie, in rocky places,
from Fort Erie to Point Albino. (David F. Day.} Limestone points
along Lake Erie. (McGill Coll. Herb.} Shore of flat limestone rock
on both east and west sides of La Cloche Island, Georgian Bay.
(J. Bell.} Niagara Falls to Lake Superior. (Gray.}

(1770.) C. Clinopodium, Benth. Basil.

C. vulgar -e, Pursh Fl. II., 410.

Melissa Clinopodium, Benth. Hook. Fl. II., 114.

Borders of fields and rocky thickets amongst grass. Yicinity of
Pictou and Dalhousie, N.S. (McKay.} Open hillsides on the Resti-
gonche, N.B. (Fowler's Gat.} Bank of the Eideau River, near Ottawa ;
also in Bosanquet, Huron Co. (McGill Coll. Herb.} On rocky ground
quite common in the vicinity of Ottawa, and thence westward through-
out Ontario as far west as the Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.} Canada,
in various places. Norway House Fort, Lake Winnipeg. Introduced.
(Richardson.} It is certainly indigenous in every part of Ontario, but
may be introduced in the Maritime provinces.

482. MELISSA, Linn. (BALM.)

(1771.) ML officinalis, L. Common Balm.

On waste ground, Pelee Island, Lake Erie. Apparently naturalized.
(Macoun.} Well 'established at one or two places, Niagara Falls.
(Burgess.}

483. HEDEOMA, Pers. (PENNY ROYAL.)

(1772.) H. pulegioides, Pers. American Penny-royal.

On rich damp soil in shady woods. In woods near North Sydney,
Cape Breton. (Macoun.} Dalhousie, and on sea beaches at Pictou, N.S.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 385

(McKay?) In a waste field at Green Head, St. John, N.B. {Fowler's
Cat.) St. Eemi, Q. (McGill Coll. Herb.) Yicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Ft. Ott.) Eoadside, two miles west of Prescott, Ont.
(Billings.) In woods, two miles west of Belleville ; also in shady
woods near Hilton, Northumberland Co., Out. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie & Burgess.) Thorold and Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Common ten miles west of London, Ont. (Saunders.)

(1*773.) H. hispida, Pursh.

Very abundant on limestone gravel at Belleville, Ox Point, and
Massassaga Point, Bay of Quinte, frequent at other points along the
bay ; also at Heely Falls on the Trent, Northumberland Co., Ont.
Common on dry soil at the Eed Deer Lakes, Bad Hills and Hand Hills
west of the South Saskatchewan ; also in some abundance on the dry
prairie west of Old Wives Lakes. (Macoun.)

484. MONARDA, Linn. (HORSE-MINT.)

(1774.) M. didyma, Linn. Bee Balm.

M. Kalmiana, Pursh Fl. I., 17.
M. coccinea, Michx. Fl. L, 16.

Low rich soil, rather rare in western Ontario. Common in the
vicinity of London, Ont. (Sounders & Burgess) Near Mount Forest,
Ont. (Logie.) In the neighborhood of Bayfield, Lake Huron. (John
Gibson.) Moist woods by Sydenham River, Lambton Co., Ont.
(McGill Coll. Herb.)

(1775.) M. clinopodia, Linn.

M. rugosa, Ait. Pursh Fl. L, 17.
Pycnanthemum Monardella, Michx. Fl. II., 8.

Western Canada to Illinois. (Gray.) We know nothing of this
species as a Canadian plant.

(1776.) M. fistulosa, Linn. Oswego Tea.

M. allophylla, Michx. Fl. I., 16.

M. oUongata, Ait. Pursh Fl. I., 18.

Dry gravelly soil, in oak and pine forests. Bank of the St. Lawrence,

half a mile west of Prescott, and occasionally throughout the country,

rather rare. (Billings.) Common on all suitable soils throughout the

southern and western counties of Ontario, extending to Lake Superior.

13

386 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. mollis, Benth.

This variety is exceedingly common throughout the whole prairie
region, wherever there is brush, and extends westward through the
Eocky Mountains to the interior of British Columbia at Spence's
Bridge. (Hill)

(1777.) M. punctata, Linn. Horse-mint.

M. lutea, Michx. FL, 16.

Bellhouse Farm, East Flambro', Ont. (Logie.} We are very
doubtful of the occurrence of this species.

485. BLEPHILIA, Rafln.

(1778.) B. hirsuta, Benth.

Monarda hirsuta, Pursh. Fl. I., 19.

M. ciliata, Michx. Fl. L, 16, not Linn.

Moist shady places, Canada and Vermont. (Gray.*) Vicinity of
Bi-ome Lake, Eastern Townships, Q. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.}

486. LOPHANTHUS, Benth.
(1779.) L. nepetoides, Benth.

Hyssopus nepetoides, Willd. Pureh Fl. II., 406.

Borders of woods and along river margins. Montreal Mountain,
1821. (Holmes.} Along the Nation River at Casselman station,
Canada Atlantic Eailway, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.) Along
the railway between Niagara Falls and Lake Ontario. (Macoun.)
Chippawa and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.) Fields near Cove, vicinity
of London, not uncommon. (Saunders & Burgess.} Fort Erie and
Albino Point, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.}

(1780.) L. scrophularieefolius, Benth.

Hyssopus scrophularitefolius, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 406.

Bo I'd era of thickets along the slopes of Queenston Heights, one
mile beyond Queenston station. (Macoun.)

(1781.) L. anisatus, Benth.

Stachys fcenicitium, Pursh Fl. II., 407.

This species is found as far east as Eainy Lake and extends westward
throughout the prairie region, but particularly in the copse wood on

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 387

the margin of the great prairies ; in the Peace Eiver region, it is very
abundant, north to Lake Athabasca, (Macoun.} Plains of Saskat-
chewan, abundant, to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver.
(Richardson.} Assiniboine Eiver. (Douylas.} Dog Head, Lake
Winnipeg ; Selkirk and along the C. P. E. west of Brandon. (J. M.
Macoun.}

487. NEPETA, Linn. (CAT-MINT.)

(1782.) N. Cataria, Linn. Catnip.

Naturalized and very common, on roadsides, along fences, in old
gardens and around old buildings both in town and country. There
are no settlements in Ontario, where it does not appear. Eare in the
eastern provinces.

(1783.) N. Clechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy.
Glechoma fiederacea, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 408.

Escaped from gardens and commonly found around fences and
amongst stones. Harbor Grace, Newfoundland. (McG-ill Coll. Herb.}
Escaped from gardens at Pictoti, N.S. (McKay.} Abundant at Truro
and Windsor, N.S. (Macoun.} Vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Lindsay.}
Abundant on roadsides, and about dwellings, between Shediac and
Shemogue, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Montreal Mountain, and Durham, Q.
(McG-ill Coll. Herb.} Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.} Along
fences in London, Ont. (Burgess.} Very common on waste places, in
gardens, and along the streets at Sarnia and Amherstburgh, Ont.
(Macoun.}

488. DRACOCEPHALUM, Linn. (DRAGON-HEAD.)

(1784.) D. parviflorum, Nutt.

This species seems to extend eastward only to the neighborhood of
Ottawa, but in north-western Ontario it is very plentiful. Its usual
habitat is in recently burnt woods, where the land is only partly cleared,
or sparsely timbered. In such localities it extends west to the Pacific,
and northward to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. For t Youcon,
Alaska. (Eothr. Atask.}

388 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

489. SCUTELLARIA, Linn. (SKULLCAP.)

(1785.) S. later iflora, Linn. Mad-dog Skullcap.

Wet borders of streams from Newfoundland, Anticosti and the
eastern provinces to the Pacific, and northward to Lake Athabasca.

(1786.) S. canescens, Nutt.

S. serrata, Pursh, Fl. II. , 413.

River banks, western Ontario. (Gray.) Canada. (Goldie.) We
have no knowledge of Canadian localities for this species.

(1787.) S. parvuia, Michx.

River banks, amongst sand or gravel. Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
(Doubtful.) Grosse Isle, River St. Lawrence. (Shepperd.) St. Helen's
and Moffitt's islands, Montreal. (Mac lag an.') Montreal Mountain,
below Priests' Farm, 1821. (Holmes.) On rocks in the vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Wet rocky ground along the Moira
above Belleville ; also on both sides of the Bay of Quinte below Belle-
ville, and in crevices of rocks at Heely Falls on the Trent, Northum-
berland Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.)
On sands, Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Burgess & Macoun.) Point Albino,
Lake Erie. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.)
Islands east of Mississaugi River, Georgian Bay. (./. Bell.) Sas-
katchewan. (Richardson.)-

(1788.) S. angustifolia, Pursh.

Moist ground, British Columbia. (Gray.) Near the sources of the
Columbia River. (Douglas.)

(1789.) S. galericulata, Linn.

Wet soil, either in woods, swamps or along rivers, from Newfound-
land, Anticosti and the eastern provinces to the Pacific, and north to
Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.

490. BRUNELLA, Linn. (SELF-HEAL.)

(1790.) B. vulgaris, Linn.

Prunella vulgaris, Linn. Pursh Fl. II., 411.

Abundant in pastures, by roadsides and in meadows ; also in wet
places in woods and by small streams, throughout the country, extend-

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 389

ing from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It is probable there are two
forms in the east where there may be an introduced one, but the west-
ern and Ontario form is certainly indigenous. Sitka and Ounalashka.
(Eothr. Alask.}

491. PHYSOSTECIA, Benth. (FALSE DRAGON-HEAD.)

(1791.) P. Virginiana, Benth.

Dracocephalum Virginianum, Willd. Pursh Fl. II., 411.
D. variegatum, Vent. Pursh Fl. II. , 411.

Wet grounds along streams. St. John's, Q. (Maclagan.} Small
island opposite Point St. Charles, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.} On a
small island near St. Annes, Q. ; on Toronto Island, and at Chatham,
Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.} On sandy points extending into Brighton
Bay, Presqu'ile Point, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.} Point Albino, Lake
Brie. (David F. Day.} Abundant at Point du Che^ne, Man. (Macoun.}
Turtle Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Very common on islands
in Lake Winnipeg and amongst rocks on both sides of the lake ; also
along the Souris Eiver south of Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1792.) P. parviflora, Nutt.

P. Virginiana, Benth. Var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 116.

Banks of streams, Saskatchewan to British Columbia. (Gray.}
Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} In the bed of Little
Arm Creek, near its source, Assiniboia. ( Macoun.} Margin of Little
Shuswap Lake, B. C. (Dawson.} Along the Thompson River at
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Hill.}

492. MARRUBIUM, Linn. (HOREHOUND.)

(1793.) M. vulgare, Linn.

Escaf)ed from gardens, into waste places around dwellings. Common
in the neighborhood of London. (Burgess & Sounders.} Eoadsides,
St. Catharines and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.} Eoadsides in numerous
places in Prince Edward, Hastings and Northumberland counties, Ont. ;
also along roadsides at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Parkdale near Toronto.
(Fowler.} Aldsboro', Ont. (Me Gill Coll. Herb.} Streets of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

390 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

493. LEONURUS, Linn. (MOTHERWORT.)

(1794.) L. Cardiaca, Linn. Common Motherwort.

Waste and cultivated ground, in gardens and manured soil. This
species is completely naturalized in all the older provinces, but does not
become a weed, except around dwellings.

494. LAMIUM, Linn. (DEAD-NETTLE.)

(1795.) L. amplexicaule, Linn. Hen bit Dead-nettle.

Introduced into gardens by means of seeds, in a few localities. St.
Andrews, KB. ( Vroom.) Shelving flay banks of the St. Lawrence,
a mile west of Prescott. (Billings.') A weed in gardens at Belleville,
Ont. (Macoun ) Bather rare in gardens at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.}
Gardens in Kingston, Ont. (Burgess.}

(1796.) L. purpureum, Linn. Bed Dead-nettle.

On ballast heaps at North Sydney, Cape Breton, and Pictou, N.S.
(Macoun.} Introduced in ballast.

(1797.) L. album, Linn. "White Dead-nettle.
Sparingly introduced at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.}

495. GALEOPSIS, Linn. (HEMP-NETTLE.)

(1798.) C. Tetrahit, Linn. Common Hemp-nettle.

A very common weed around barns, and in rich damp soil in grain
fields. Naturalized in all the settled parts of Canada. Sitka. (Meehan.)

(1799.) G. Ladanum, Linn. Hemp-nettle.
Introduced in ballast at St. John, JST.B. (Hay )

496. STACHYS, Linn. (WOUNDWORT.)

(1800.) S. palustris, Linn.

S. aspera, Michx. Fl. II., 4, in part.

Wet ground from Newfoundland to the Pacific. (Gray.} Along
all rivers and small streams in the eastern provinces and Ontario, but

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 391

in the prairie region quite common around small ponds or marshy
spots ; common in the Eocky Mountains and British Columbia. North
to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.)

(1801.) S. aspera, Michx.

S. hispida, Pursh Fl. II., 407.

S. palwtris, var. aspera, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 358.

Apparently rare in Ontario and confined to the western part. Vicin-
ity of London, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of Toronto. (Fowler.')

(1802.) S. ciliata, Dougl.

Oregon to British Columbia, along the coast in damp shady places.
(Gray.} In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher &
Meehan.) In woods near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)

Var. pubens, Gray.

Washington Territory to Fraser River, B.C. (Gray.) Queen Char-
lotte Islands. (Dawson.)

LXXVIII. PLANTAGINACEJE. PLANTAIN FAMILY.

497. PLANTACO, Linn. (PLANTAI N)

(1803.) P. cordata, Lam.

P. Kentuckensis, Michx. Fl. I., 94.
P. data, Pursh Fl. I., 98.

Along streams, Canada. (Pursh.) Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
Ditches and swamps along the Canada Southern Eailway, at Colchester

station, near Amhei'stburgh . (Macoun.)

i

(1804.) P. major, Linn. Common Plantain.

Naturalized in all the older settlements throughout Canada Besides
the introduced form there is an indigenous one, which is always found
along the margins of rivers or lakes, generally in damp crevices of
rocks, or amongst gravel. This form is common from Lake Superior
westward, and is particularly abundant along small streams in the
prairie region. It has also been collected in the Kootanie Valley, B.C.,
by Dr. Gr. M. Dawson.

392 GEOLOGICAL STTRVEY OF CANADA.

Var. Asiatica, Decaisne.

A very large indigenous form along the Pacific Coast from California
to British Columbia, and from the Saskatchewan to the Arctic Sea.
(Gray.'} Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.) It is probable that our
large leaved form fi-om the prairie region may be this variety, but we
have no certainty of this.

Yar. mini ma, Decaisne.

This is a small hairy form, growing in the vicinity of the sea on
Vancouver Island. Neighborhood of Victoria. (Fletcher.) Departure
Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)

Var. bracteata, Macoun.

This is a stout, coarse, form with large oval leaves and with the
spikes always bracted immediately underneath the flowers. Around
dwellings in Kiledar, Addington Co., Ont. ; also in very wet or boggy
places at the entrance to Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Macoun.')

(1805.) P. Rugelii, Decaisne.

P. Kamlschatica, Hook. Gray, Man. Ed. V., 311. Macoun's Cat., No. 1195 •

Frequent along old roads in grassy woods ; also in meadows and
pastures, generally confounded with P. major, but easily distinguished
by its long tapering attenuated spikes. At Casselman and other places
in the vicinity of Ottawa, growing in old clearings. (Fletcher. )
Eather common along the margin of shady woods at Belleville, and
abundant in University Park, Toronto. (Macoun.~) Vicinity of Toronto
and London. (Burgess.} Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Near
Fort Brie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

(1806.) P. eriopoda, Torr.

P. lanceolata, var. /?. and y. in part. Hook. Fl. II., 123.

On the shore of Anticosti at the head of Ellis Bay, and along the
G-aspe* coast at the Eock Dam, Grand Etang, and Cape Chat. (Macoun.)
Near Kamouraska, Q. (Burgess.) Very abundant on saline soil
throughout the prairie region, and northward to the Arctic Sea. We
cannot separate the St. Lawrence specimens from those obtained on the
prairies.

(1807.) P. macrocarpa, Cham. & Schl.

P. lanceolata, var. /3. in part. Hook. Fl. II., 123.

Coast of British Columbia to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.
(Gray.) North-west coast. (Menzies.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Eothr.
Alask.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 393

(1808.) P. maritima, Linn. Seaside Plantain.
P. pauciflora, Pursh Fl. I., 99, in part.

Atlantic coast north of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. (Gray.) Coast of
Labrador. (Pursh.) On cliffs overlooking the sea, Sydney Bar, Cape
Breton, and on cliffs along the Gasp£ coast, especially about Cape Rosier.
These forms are perennial and never grow in marshes. (Macoun.)
Perennial at St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Pacific coast from
British Columbia to the Aleutian Islands and Behring Straits. (Gray.)
Abundant in crevices of rocks along the coast at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Macoun & Fletcher.} Frequent on Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.) Sitka and Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.) Newfoundland
and Labrador. (Morrison.)

(1809.) P. decipiens, Barneoud.

P. pauciflora, Pursh Fl. I., 99, in part.

P. maritima, \ar.juncoides, Gray, Man. Ed. V., 311.

Salt marshes, Atlantic coast, from Labrador to New Brunswick.
(Gray.) Common in marshes around the coasts of the Gulf of St.
Lawrence and the maritime provinces, ascending the St. Lawrence to
Quebec. It is probable that both this and the preceding are common
around the coast of Nova Scotia, but in the absence of specimens, we
cannot determine. (Macoun.) Around the coast of New Brunswick,
in salt marshes and in clefts of rocks. (Fowler's Cat.) In great
profusion in and around salt marshes on Eed Deer River about
one mile from Lake Winnipegoosis, Lat. 53°. (Macoun.)

(1810.) P. lanceolata, Linn. Rib-wort Plantain.

P. lanceolata, var. y. Timbali, Sow. Eng. Bot. VII., 171.

Naturalized on lawns, and by roadsides in most of the settled parts
of Canada. Reported from nearly all the towns and cities in the
eastern provinces, Quebec and Ontario. It is also becoming quite
common at Victoria, Vancouver Island.

(1811.) P. Patagonica, Jacq. Var. gnaphalioides, Gray.

P. Lagopus, Pursh Fl. I.. 99, not Linn.

Dry sandy soil frequent throughout the western prairies. On dry
hillsides near Wood Mountain, thence westward, in great abundance, to
beyond the Three Buttes, Lat. 49°, growing among the short dry grass of
the plains. (Dawson.) West of the South Saskatchewan, in the vicinity
of the Red Deer Lakes, abundant ; also in and around the Cypress
Hills and westward. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Maple Creek, north of

394 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.) On very dry soil at Lytton, B.C.
(Macoun & Fletcher.} Abundant in dry valleys of southern interior of
British Columbia. (Dawson.}

Yar. spinulosa, Gray.

In same situations as the preceding variety, but much rarer. Wood
Mountain, on the 49th parallel. (Burgess.) On the Bear Hills, north
of the Eed Deer Lakes and near the Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

Var. arista ta, Gray.

P. aristata, Michx. Fl. I., 95.

This form seems to prefer a moister and more elevated region.
Summit of the Cypress Hills and northward through the sandhills to
the South Saskatchewan. (Macoun.)

(1812.) P. Bigelovii, Gray.

In salt marshes near the coast at Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Macoun.} A small form. (Gray.}

(1813.) P. pusilla, Nutt.

B. Bigelovii, Watson. Dawson, Bound. Rep., 367.

On sandy or gravelly soil in the prairie region. _ Along the Trader's
Eoad, east of Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Cypress
Hills north-west of Fort Walsh. (Macoun} On the prairie at Maple
Creek north of Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.)

(1814.) P. media. Linn. Scented Plantain.

Sparingly introduced, but thoroughly naturalized and very persistent
on Parliament Hill and Major's Hill, Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

498. LITTORELLA, Linn. (SHORE-WEED.)

(1815.) L. lacustris, Linn. Plantain Shore-weed.

On the margins of lakes and ponds, growing under water, or close
to it. Collected on Ship Island, in Gull Lake, an expansion of Gull
Eiver, below Minden, Victoria Co., Ont. July 29th, 1868. It was
many miles from any settlement and unquestionably indigenous.
(Macoun.) North end of Lake Champlain. (Pringle.) On the shores
of Grand Lake, N.S. (Miss E. K. Wright.)

GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OP CANADA.
ALFEED E. C. SELWYN, LL.D., F.E.S., F.G.S., DIRECTOR.

CATALOGUE

OP

CANADIAN PLANTS.

PART III.-A PETALS.

BY

JOHN MACOUN, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.S.O.,

Botanist to the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada.

BROTHERS.

1886.

PREFACE

PAET III.

This publication, constituting Part III. of the Catalogue of Canadian
Plants, carries the work on to the end of the exogens and completes
the first volume. It is identical in form with the first two parts, with
the exception of a change in the style of type used in the names of
introduced plants ; a change which enables the names of such plants
to be more readily distinguished.

The writer has again to thank Dr. Asa Gray and Mr. Serano "Watson
for their continued assistance. To these gentlemen all doubtful forms
have been referred for final examination and decision, with the excep-
tion of the Willows, which, as more fully noted on a subsequent page,
have been examined and revised by Mr. M. S. Bebb, of Rockford, 111.

The addendum contains facts relating to the plants enumerated in
t he two first parts of the volume, which have been ascertained since
these parts were printed, also the names of such plants as have since
been found, but which were not formerly known to occur in the Domin-
ion. To botanists throughout Canada who have co-operated with the
author, he tend ers his heartfelt thanks, and expresses the hope that this
work, to which they have lent assistance, will meet with their approval.
The names of many such friends will be found in the addendum.
Tharks are especially due to Mr. D. N. St. Cyr, F.R.S.C., of the
Department of Public Instruction, Quebec, who by placing his large
collection at our disposal has enabled important additions to our know-
ledge of the flora of the Province of Quebec to be made.

In conclusion, it may be added that nearly all the stations men-
tioned in the addendum are represented in the herbarium of the survey,
and tbat no references considered doubtful have been included.

JOHN MACOUN.
OTTAWA, April, 1886.

ERRATA.

Page 406. For " ERIGONUM " read " ERIOGONUM."

" 412. Under No. 1889, for " Moose River " read " Moon River."
" 430. " 1953, for " M. albus " read " M. alba."

" 431. For "LAPORT.ZEA" read "LAPORTEA."

" 446. Under No. 2015, for " S. rigida, Muhl." read " S. rigida, Willd."
" 449. " 2025, for " humillina " read " humillima."

456. " 2054, for " P. grandidenta " read " P. grandidentata."

490. 204, for " L. campestre, Linn." read " L. campestre, R. Br."

491. For " POLANSIA " read " POLANISIA."

494. Under No. 253, for " P. pauciflora" read " P. paucifolia."
" 2109, for " S. multicaule " read " S. multieaulis."

499. Under Paronychia, for " This and the three following " read " This

and the two following."
" Under No. 329, for " C. parviflora, Moquin " read " C. parvifolia, Mogino."

500. For " Calandrina " read " Calandrinia."

501. Under No. 361, for " S. Oregana " read '• Sida Oregana."

506. Under No. 473, for "H. decumbens, Gray" read " H. decumbens,

Benth."

507. Under No. 2124, for " 0. scorpoides " read " O. scorpioides."
526. " 732, for " H . parviflora " read " H. parvifolia."

528. 763, for « S. acre, Lindl." read " S. acre, Linn."

529. For " PROSERPINACEA " read " PROSERPINACA."
" For " HIPPURUS " read " HIPPURIS."

541. Under No. 952, (var.) for ''Roadsides, Asylum, London, Ont." read

" Roadsides, Aylmer, Ont"

" Under No. 2161, for " P. macrocora" read " P. macrocera."
545. " 1046, for " A. Novae-Belgii " read " A. Novi-Belgii."

550. " 1144, for " H. Maximiliania " read " H. Maximiliani."

r

uf

APETALOUS EXOGENS.

LXXIX. NYCTAGINACE^E. FOUR-O'CLOCK FAMILY.

499. OXYBAPHUS, Vahl. (OXYBAPHUS.)

(1816.) O. nyctagineus, Sweet.

Allionia nyctaginea, Michx. Pursh, Fl. I., 97.

Eocky or sandy places very rare. On sand banks at the mouth of
Eainy Eiver, close to the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.'} On sandy
shores, southern shore of Lake of the Woods and clay banks, Wood
End, Souris Eiver. (Dawson.}

(181*7.) O. hirsutus, Sweet.

Allionia hirsute,, Pursh, Fl. I., 729.

On sandy or gravelly slopes, rare and local. Sand hills along Pine
Creek, Man. ; and in the Qu'Appelle valley near its confluence with
the Assiniboine, also on sandy ridges north end of Old Wives Lakes.
(Macoun.') About Port Carlton on the North Saskatchewan. (JDrum-
mond.}

(1818.) O. angustifolius, Sweet.

Allionia, linearis, Pursh, Fl. I., 729.
Calymenia angustifolia, Fraser, Cat, 1813.

On dry gravelly slopes, eastern end of Cypress Hills. (Macoun.}
On gravel at Antelope and Medicine Hat along the Canadian Pacific
Eailway. (<7. M. Macoun.) Along Belly Eiver near Fort McLeod ;
also sterile soil along the Milk River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.*)

500. ABRONIA, Juss. (ABRONIA.)
(1819.) A. umbellata, Lam.

In sand, coast of Vancouver Island at Yictoria and Cadboro Bay.
(Fletcher.}

396 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1820.) A. latifolia, Eschscholtz.

A. arenaria, Menzies. Hook. Fl. II., 125.

Common on the shore at Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher
& Cowley.}

LXXX. ILLECEBEACE.E. KNAWEL FAMILY.
501. PARONYCHIA, Juss. (WHITLOW-WORT.)

(1821.) P. sessiliflora, Nutt.

Pry gravelly ridges from Fort Ellice westward to Morley, particu-
larly abundant about the source of the Qu'Appelle. (Macoun.')
Gravel ridges, Moose Mountain, Assiniboia. (J. M. Macoun.'} Forks
of Pincher Creek, foot hills of Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.}

502 ANYCHIA, Rich. (FORKED CHICKWEED.)

(1822.) A. DICHOTOMA, Michx.

Shore of Lake Erie, Norfolk Co., 1867. (Dr. Nicholl.} This species
has not been reported since and should be looked for in the south-
western counties of Ontario.

LXXXI. AMAEANTACE^}. AMARANTH FAMILY.

503. AMARANTUS, Linn. (AMARANTH.)

(1823.) A. PANIOULATUS, Linn. Prince's Feather.

A naturalized weed in some localities. Eare as a weed at Belleville,
Ont. (Macoun.') London, Ont. (Burgess.} Vicinity of Hamilton
and at Guelph, Ont. (Buchan.~) Vicinity of Toronto. (A. Fowler.)

(1824.) A. HYPOOHONDRIACUS, Linn.

Earely escaped from cultivation. Sometimes spontaneous in gardens
for a few years. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Eoadside,
Bleury Street, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.')

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 397

(1825.) A. RETROPLEXUS, Linn. Pigweed.

Apparently unknown in Nova Scotia, but common at Fredericton,
N.B. Introduced and well established in all well manured soils through-
out Ontario. It has also reached the North-west and penetrated to
the summit of the Rocky Mountains, along the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way, and will be a perpetual source of trouble to western farmers.
Common at Victoria, B.C. ( Fletcher.}

(1826.) A. ALBUS, Linn.

Naturalized on waste heaps near towns and extensively spreading
along railways throughout the whole country, being found in the North-
west and British Columbia wherever railway construction is going on.

(1827.) A. BLITOIDES, Watson.

Well established at Point Edward near Sarnia, Ont., Sept. 15, 1884.
Possibly a railway introduction. (J". M. Macoun.}

504. ACNIDA, Linn. (WATER HEMP.)

(1828.) A. ruscocarpa, Gray.

Montelia tamariscina, Gray, Man. 413, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No. 1506.
A. rusocarpa, Michx. Pursh, Fl. I., 205, in part.
A. altissima, Michx. Herb. Vide Gray.

A tall dioecious plant, growing on alluvium in river bottoms.
Hull, P.Q. (Fletcher FL Ott.} In muddy places along the Nation
River at Casselman, west of the Canada Atlantic Railway ; also in
the Mill Pond at Madoc Village, North Hastings and along the Salmon
River at Shannonville, east of Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.} Maiden,
Ont. (Maclagan.} Low flats along the River Thames, London, Ont.
(Sounders & Burgess.}

(1829.) A. tuberculata, Moq.

A. rusocarpa, Moq. DC. Prod. XIIL, II., 278.

A. cannaUna, var. concatenate, Moq. DC. Prod. XIIL, II., 278.

Montelia tamariscina, var. concatenate, Gray, Man. 413, 1868.

This form has the flowers, on the lower part of the stem, gathered
into close clusters in the axils of the leaves. On sand along the Ottawa
River at Brittania, near Ottawa. (Macoun.} Low, wet fields, London,
Ont. (Burgess.}

398 QEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

LXXXII. CHENOPODIACE^E. GOOSEFOOT FAMILY.

505. MONOLEPIS, Schrad.
(1830.) M. chenopodioides, Moq.

Blitum Nuttattianum, R. & S. Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260.

B. chenopodioides, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 126.

A low annual on saline soil throughout the prairie region to the
Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Alkaline soil, Wood Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dr. MUlman.} Abundant in numerous places on the Souris
Plain. (J. M. Macoun.} Caiiton House on the North Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.')

5O6. CHENOPODIUM, Linn. (GOOSEFOOT.)

(1831.) C. album, Linn. Lamb's Quarters.

Very abundant as a weed in cultivated grounds, in waste places, and
around barns. Introduced in all the eastern provinces, but certainly
indigenous throughout the prairie region. On the line of the Canada
Pacific Railway, this species has already taken possession of the em-
bankments and even ditches and grows stout and tall, extending now
to the Pacific. It iu frequently used as a pot herb. Common at Vic-
toria, B.C. (Fletcher.} Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'
(Schwatka.) Eastern arctic America. (Hook. Arct. PI.*)

(1832.) C. leptophyllum, Nutt.

C. album, var. leptophyllum, Moquin, Macoun'e Cat. No. 1477.

Easily distinguished from C. album by its linear leaves and small
flowers. Generally amongst sand-hills from Long Lake westward to
the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Gravelly soil, Wood End, Souris
River. (Burgess.}

Yar. subglabrum, Watson.

Abundant on sand hills at the source of the Qu'Appelle, N.W.T.,
July llth, 1879. (Macoun.}

(1833.) C. hybridum, Linn. Maple-leaved Goosefoot.

C. urbicum ? Hook. FL II., 127.
Introduced in Quebec and Ontario, generally found around towns and

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 399

villages in company with C. album. It is indigenous on the shores of
Lake Winnipeg and throughout the North-west, extending northward
to Bear Lake, Lat. 64°, and westward along the Canadian Pacific
Kailway to the Pacific. Common at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.}

(1834.) C. URBICUM, Linn.

C. urbicum, var. rhombifolium, Moq. Fowler's Cat No. 430.

Introduced eastward in ballast, sparingly around some of the western
towns and villages. Ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.} Streets
of Fredericton, and at the railway depot, Carleton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.}
Waste places around Ottawa. (Fletcher, Fl. Ott;} In the streets of
Stirling Tillage, Hastings Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Waste places, Toronto.
(A. Fowler.") Yicinity of Hamilton. (Logie.}

(1835.) C. BOTRTS, Linn. Jerusalem Oak.

Sparingly introduced along railway embankments and on sandy or
gravelly beaches. Sea shore at Pennant, N.S. (Sommers.} On the
shore at Government House, Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Waste
places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Grand Trunk Station, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.} Sandy fields rear of Picton, also near Belleville and
on the roadside north of Colborne, Ont. ; sandy beaches, Point Edward
near Sarnia, and at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.} Roadsides, common
at Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.} Waste places, not common at
London. (Sounders.} Sandy soil at Hamilton and Southampton, Ont.
(Burgess.} St. Catharines. (Maclagan.} Dundas Road near Toronto.
(A. Fowler.} Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo. (David F. Day.}

(1836.) C. AMBROSIOIDES, Linn.

Sparingly introduced in western Ontario. Roadsides, Stewarton,
Ottawa. (Fletcher.} Common near Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.}
Maiden near Amherstburgh. (Maclagan.} Rare at London. (Saunders.}

Var. ANTHELMINTICUM, Gray. Wormseed.

Chenopodium anthelminticum, Michx. Fl. I., 173-
On the shore of Lake Erie at Fort Erie. (David F. Day.}

(183*7.) C. glaucum, Linn. Oak-leaved Goosefoot.
Blitum glaucum, Koch. Watson, Rev. Chenop. 101.

Introduced eastward but indigenous on saline soils throughout the
prairie region. Waste places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Vicinity
of Toronto. (Macoun.} Neighborhood of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.}
Common in the streets of Hamilton. (Fletcher.} Saline soil, Wood

400 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

End, Souris River, 49th parallel. (Burgess.} Very common on newly
broken, saline soil from Winnipeg throughout the prairie region and
across the Rocky Mountains on the line of Canadian Pacific Railway.
(Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to Cumberland House and Fort Edmon-
ton on the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

(1838.) C. BONUS-HENRICUS, Linn. Good-King-Henry.

Blitum Bonus-Henricus, C. A. Meyer. Gray, Man. 408, 1868. Macoun's
Cat, No. 1486.

Occasionally introduced. Roadside, South Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) Waste places at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of
Hamilton. (Buchan.)

(1839.) C. capitatum, Benth. & Book. Strawberry Blite.

Blitum capitatum, Linn Gray, Man. 408, 1868. Macoun's Cat, No. 1484.

Common on sandy shores, in newly cleared lands and in river
bottoms from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward to Great Slave
Lake and Alaska. Very common in the Rocky Mountains on the
railway embankments.

(1840.) C. rubrum, Linn.

Blitum rubrum, Eeich. Watson, Rev. Chenop., 99.

B. maritimum, Nutt. Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260. Macoun's Cat,

No. 1485.
B. polymorphum, C. A. Meyer. Macoun's Cat., No. 1487.

Newfoundland. (Morrison.} Rather infrequent on saline soil in the
prairie region, but becoming more abundant as the land is broken up.
Common at Broadview, Assiniboia. (Macoun.) Alkaline soil, Coteau
de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.") About the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.) At Palliser in the Kicking Horse Valley, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Straits of De Fuca, B.C. (Scouler.)

Var. hum He, Moquin.

Chenopodium humile, Hook. Fl. II., 127. Macoun's Cat, No. 1480.
Blitum rubrum, Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep., 260.

On dried mud, borders of saline marshes and ponds throughout the
prairie region, but not common. (Macoun.) Saline marshes along the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 401

5O7. ATRIPLEX, Linn. (ORACHE.)

(1841.) A. PATULA, Linn.

Specimens, which we take for the species, are almost smooth and
bright green, with the cusps of the leaves erect. In every case
introduced. This form is found around almost all towns and villages
in Ontario.

Yar. hastata, Gray.

A. laciniata, Pursh Fl. I., 199.

A. hastata, Linn. Matthew, Can. Nat. XII., 159.

Chenopodium rubrum, Hook. Fl. II., 127, in part.

On sands along the seashore and abundant on the margins of saline
lakes in the prairie region. Shores of Anticosti, both an erect and
decumbent form, also on sand beaches, North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.} Windsor, N.S. (How.} Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.} Several
forms of this very variable species occur along the sea coast of New
Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} Eoadside in Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.}
Hamilton, Ont. (BucJian.} Along the "Welland Canal at Port Col-
borne. (David F. Day} Yery common on newly broken saline soil
from Winnipeg to Laggan in the Rocky Mountains. The western
form is very scurfy and stout but is often branching and decumbent
amongst sand. Leaves very variable.

Yar. subspicata, Watson.

A. angustifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 128, in part.
A. hastata, var. Bourgeau, Palliser's Kep. 260.

Borders of saline marshes in the Cypress Hills and northward along
their base. (Macoun.) Saline marshes of the Saskatchewan.

Yar. littoral is, Gray.

Atriplex littoralis, Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260.

From New Brunswick and Canada to New York. ( Watson.} Salt
marshes and on ballast at Carleton, N.B. (Hay.} Common along the
board fences and in waste places of the streets bordering on the Bay,
Toronto. (Macoun.) Waste places at Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.}
Drew's Harbour, Vancouver Island. (Dawson} Near Fort Wrangel,
Sitka. (Meehan.)

(1842.) A. ROSEA, Linn.

Sparingly introduced near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.}

402 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1843.) A. Alaskensis, Watson.

Shores of Queen Charlotte's Islands. (Dawson.) Barlow's Cove,
Alaska. (Dr. A. Kellogg.")

(1844.) A. zosteraefolia, Watson.

Chenopodium (?) zostersefolium, Hook. Fl. II., 127.

North-west Coast of America. (Menzies.) Straits of De Fuca, in
salt marshes. (Scouler.) Drew's Harbor and Knox Harbor, B.C.
(Dawson.)

(1845.) A. Cmelini, C. A. Meyer.

A. angustifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 128, in part.

(?) A. littoralis, Hook. Fl. II., 127. Kothr. Alask. 455.

Bay of Escholtz. (Chamisso.) Kotzebue Sound and Norton Sound.
(Eothr. Alask.} Sitka and Kotzebue Sound. (Bongard.)

(1846.) A. Endolepis, Watson.

Endolepis SucTdeyana, Torr. Macoun's Cat., No. 1501.

On clay slopes of the South Saskatchewan at the Elbow ; also on
clay banks of a creek east of Hand Hills. (Macoun.) Saline soil, Wood
Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(1847.) A. arenaria, Nutt.

Obione arenaria, Matthew, Canad. Nat. XII., 159.

Sea coast of Nova Scotia. ( Watson.) We have no other record of
this species.

(1848.) A. argentea, Nutt.

OMone (?) argentea, Moq- Macoun's Cat., No. 1496.

Abundant on clay slopes of the South Saskatchewan at the Elbow,
and doubtless common on arid clay far up that river. (Macoun.)
Alkaline soil, White Mud Eiver, 49th parallel, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

(1849.) A. Nuttallii, Watson.

A. canescens, Nutt. Hook. Fl. II., 128. Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260.
Obione canescens, Moq. Macoun's Cat., No. 1495.

Very common on arid soil from Moose Jaw Creek to the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Sterile soil, Wood Mountain, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.) Verdigris Coulee, Milk Eiver Ridge, N.W.T. (Dawson.)
Abundant on dry gravelly slopes, Souris Plain, also along Maple Creek,
north of Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.) Salt marshes of the Sas-
katchewan and Slave River. (Richardson.')

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 403

5O8. EUROTIA, Adanson.

(1850.) E. lanata, Moquin.

Diotis lanata, Pursh Fl. II., 602.

Eurotia ceratoides Hook. Fl. II., 126. Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260.

On the tops of dry hills, west and south-westward from Old Wives
Lakes. (Macoun.') Plains of the Saskatchewan. (Drummond.} Clay
soil, Short Creek and Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.)
Walsh* Station on the Canadian Pacific Railway. («7. M. Macoun.}
Verdigris Coulde, Milk River Ridge, N/W.T. (Dawson.)

509. CORISPERMUM, Linn.

(1851.) C. hyssopifolium, Linn.

Lake Erie shore above Fort Brie. (David F. Day.} On the shore
of Lake Huron at Goderich. (Burgess.*) Abundant on a sand beach,
a little west of Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.} North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassiz.} Sandy shore, Lake of the Woods. (Dawson.}
Sandy banks of the Red, Saskatchewan and Athabasca rivers. (Douglas
& Drummond.} Great Slave Lake. (Richardson.} Sandy banks along
the South Saskatchewan and Red Deer rivers, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Point Barrow to the Mackenzie River. (Rothr. Alask.}

610. SALICORNIA, Linn. (GLASSWORT.)
(1852.) S. mucronata, Bigel.

S. Virginica, Moquin. Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst., Vol. IV, Pt. II., 206.

On the sea coast from Nova Scotia southward. ( Watson.) Sea coast
at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)

(1853.) S. herbacea, Linn.

S. Virginica, Linn. Pursh Fl. II.

S. herbacea, var. proslrata, Bourgeau, Palliser's Eep-!260.

Salt marshes west side of Anticosti, and generally around the coast
of Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island and New Brunswick. Very
abundant on the margins of saline lakes throughout the prairie region.

404 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1854.) S. ambigua, Michx.

S. rad.icans, Hook. FL II., 126.

S. fruticosa, var. ambigua, Macoun's Cat., No. 1492.

Straits of De Fuca, Northwest America. (Scouler.} Vancouver
Island near Yictoria. (H. L. Jones.') Muddy flat near Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.} Brew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.}

511. SU/EDA, Forsk. (SEA BUTE.)

(1855.) S. linearis, Torr. var. ramosa, Watson.

Salsola salsa, Michx. FL L, 174. Pursh FL L, 197.
Chenopodium maritimum, Pursh FL I., 198. Hook. FL II., 126 (?).
Chenopodina maritima, Gray, Man., 366, 1858.

Suzeda maritima, Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst, Vol. IV., Pt. II., 206. Macoun's
Cat., No. 1498.

On sea beaches at the mouth of Becscie Eiver, Anticosti. (Macoun.}
On the sea coast from the mouth of the St. Lawrence southward.
(Watson.} Seashore at Bedford/ N.S. (Lawson.} Beaches at Pictou,
N.S. (McKay.} Salt marshes on the coast of New Brunswick.
(Fowler's Cat.}

(1856.) S. depressa, Watson.

Salsola depressa, Pursh FL I., 197.
Chenopodina calceoliforme, Hook. FL II., 126.
C. prostrata, Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 260.

In salt marshes and around the borders of brackish ponds and lakes
throughout the prairie region. (Macoun.} About Fort Carlton.
(Drummond.} Borders of alkaline ponds, Milk River, 49th parallel.
(Burgess.} Chinaman's Eanche and other places above Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.}

Var. e recta, Watson.

S- maritima, Porter, FL Col., 118.

Bordering many saline lakes and ponds and in marshes throughout
the prairie region. (Macoun.) Saline soil, Coteau de Missouri, 49th
parallel. (Burgess.} Salt marshes, Swift Current Creek and Old
Wives Lakes, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Chilcoten Eiver and dry
interior of British Columbia. (Dawson.} Chinaman's Eanche and
other places above Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 405

512. SALSOLA, Linn. (SALTWORT.)

(1857.) S. Kali, Linn.

S. Caroliniana, Michx. Fl. I., 174.

Along the sea-coast on sand or gravel bars. On Sydney Bar, near
North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Harrington.'} Seashore at
Pictou, N.S., and the Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.')
Halifax Harbor and Cow Bay near Dartmouth, N.S. (How & Lindsay.'}
Common along the seashores of New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.}

513. SARCOBATUS, Nees. (GREASE WOOD.)

(1858.) S. vermiculatus, Torrey.

Satis (?) vermiculata, Hook. Fl. II., 128.
Fremontia vermicularis, Lond. Journ. Bot. IV-, 481.

Bather uncommon on arid clay flats in company with Cactus in the
southwestern part of the prairie region. Porcupine Creek and west-
ward but not to the Eocky Mountains, also near Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Dawson.} Alkaline soil, Coteau de Missouri, N.W.T.
(Burgess.} Arid soil along Cottonwood Creek, Cypress Hills, also on
the plain north of the hills near Island Lake, and abundant at the west
end of Eush Lake, N.W.T. (Macoun.}

514. CYCLOLOMA, Moquin. (WINGED PIG-WEED.)

(1859.) C. PLATYPHYLLUM.

Salsola platiphylla, Michx. Fl. L, 174.

Sandy roadsides, along several streets in the north-west part of the
City of London, Ont. Fully established and spreading. An importa-
tion from the west. (Burgess.}

LXXXIIL PHYTOLACCACE,E. POKEWEED FAMILY.

515. PHYTOLACCA, Linn. (POKEWEED.)

(1860.) P. decandra, Linn. Pigeon Berry, Garget.

On sandy soil and waste places. It is often a conspicuous weed around
Lake Erie. On the roadside between Castleton and Norham, Northum-

406 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

berland Co., Ont., also in the vicinity of Niagara Falls. (Macoun.}
Vicinity of Brockville and Prescott. (Billings.) Eoadside near
Stony Creek, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.} Port Rowan. (Buchan.)
Chippewa and Maiden. (Maclagan.) Along Port Stanley Railway
near the town. (Saunders & Burgess.} Pelee Point, Lake Erie, rather
common amongst sand. (/. M. Macoun.~) Vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.}

LXXXIV. POLYGONACE^. BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.
516. ERICONUM, Michx.

(1861.) E. flavum, Nutt.

E. sericeum, Pursh FL I,, 277.

E. crassifolium, Hook. Fl. II., 134. Dawson, Bound. Eep. 372.

Found chiefly on the slopes of gravelly hills and ridges in the prairie
region. Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.} From the
mouth of Qu'Appelle River westward to Morley, on gravel ridges.
(Macoun.) Gravelly hill-side, Wood End, Souris River, 49th parallel,
and on ridges along Belly River. (Dawson.) Dry slopes, Souris Plain,
and on sides of coule'es, Cypress Hills. (J. M. Macoun.} Rocky Moun-
tains. (Bourgeau.)

(1862.) E. androsaceum, Benth.
E. csespitosum, Hook. Fl. II., 134.

Rocky Mountains of British America. ( Watson.} On dry limestone
slopes, Bow River Pass, also on the summits of Canmore and Castle
Mountains in the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.} Alpine spots
among the Rocky Mountains, at an elevation of 10,000 feet. Lat.
52°-56°. (Drummond.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) A small
tufted species with the habit of a Primula or Androsace. (Hooker.}

(1863.) E. um be llatum, Torrey.

South Kootanie Pass, and western summit of North Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains ; also Cold water River, B.C. (Dawson.}

(1864.) E. heracleoides, Nutt.

On mountain slopes above Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.}
Gravelly slopes, Nicola Valley, B.C. (Dawson.} Not uncommon
from Spence's Bridge to Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 407

(1865.) E,, ovalifolium, Nutt.

Slopes in the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) North-
ward to British Columbia. (Watson.)

(1866.) E. multiceps, Nees.

Eriogonum, No. III. Dawson, Bound. Kep-, 373.
Eriogonum, No. IV. Dawson, Bound. Eep., 373.

Gravelly soil, Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.} Wood
Mountain, 49lh parallel. {Dawson.}

517. KOENIGIA, Linn.

(1867.) K. Island ica, Linn.

North Bluff, Upper Savage Islands, and Mansfield Island, Hudson's
Strait. (E. Bell.) Moist mountains north of Smoky Eiver, Lat. 54°.
(Drummond.) Bay of Escholtz. (Chamisso.)

518. POLYCONUM, Linn. (KNOTWEED.)

(1868.) P. Paronychia, Cham. & Schlecht.

Sea-coast of Vancouver Island, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.} Sands
of the seashore of straits of De Fuca. (Menzies.)

(1869.) P. aviculare, Linn. Knotgrass, Door-weed.

Very abundant around dwellings as an introduced weed, but indige-
nous in various forms westward, or all the strictly native forms may be
included in the next. Wherever the smallest settlement is made this
species and Capsella Bursa-pastoris are sure to appear. It extends
from the Atlantic to the Pacific and north to the Arctic Circle and
Alaska. South of the arctic circle in Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(1870.) P, erectum, Linn.

P. aviculare, var. erectum, Gray, Man. 417, 1868.

Roadsides and in waste places about towns in Ontario ; quite com-
mon along the trails and where the ground is cultivated in the North-
west. Waste places around London, Ont. (Burgess} Common in the
streets of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Forms approaching this were
collected at Toronto, Sarnia and at Port Arthur in Ontario, while in
the North-west it extends to Silver City in the Rocky Mountains.
Along the Canadian Pacific Railway at Walsh Station. (J. M. Macoun.}
Coulee at the West Butte, 49th parallel. (Dawson.}

408 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1871.) P. minimum, Watson.
Slopes of the South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.)

(18*72.) P. maritimum, Linn. Coast Knotgrass.
P. aviculare, var. littorale, Gray, Man. 374, 1856.

Coast of Anticosti at Jupiter Eiver and at North Sydney, Cape Breton.
(Macoun.) On Amherst and Grindstone Islands, Magdalen Islands,
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay & J. Richardson.) Sea-shore at
Arisaig, N.S. (McKay.} Sandy sea-shore at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.)
Sandy sea-shore at Bass Eiver, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Sandy
shore, Bic, River St. Lawrence, Q. (Pringle.) On sand along the
Penticate Eiver, Q. (St. Cyr.)

(1873.) P. ramosissimum, Michx.

Sandy shores or dessicated places, principally westward. Sandy
shores, Manitoulin Island and Parry Sound, Ont. (Burgess.') Mouth
of Mississaugi Eiver, growing in crevices of rocks. (J. Bell.) Washow
Bay and other points on Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Abundant
from Winnipeg to the Eocky Mountains, especially on the margins of
dried up pools. (Macoun.) South Fork of Old Man Eiver, Eocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Sparingly in the Columbia Valley at Donald,
B.C. (Macoun.)

(1874.) P. tenue, Michx.

On sandy or rocky places from Ontario to the Pacific. Eocky bank
of St. Lawrence, two miles west of Brockville. (Billings.) Crevices
of rocks, Kingston Mills. (Maclagan.) Crevices of Laurentian rocks
at Shannonville, Hastings Co. (Macoun.) Amongst rocks, Muskoka,
Ont. (Burgess.) Lake of the Woods, and in the Foot Hills of the
Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Crevices of rocks, Eat Portage ; also
occasionally in the prairie region to the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun )
Occurs rather frequently on the Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun.) Sas-
katchewan region. (Bourgeau.) On gravel and sand, Thompson Eiver,
B.C. (Hill.) Lytton, Spence's Bridge and Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.}

Var. latifolium, Bngelm.

Upper part of South Kootanie Pass, 49th parallel. 1883. (Dawson.)

(1875.) P. coarctatum, Dougl.

Northward to British Columbia. ( Watson.) Prairi es at Nasqually Bay,
North-west coast. (Tolmie.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 409

Var. minus, Meisn.

Arctic America. (Franklin vide Watson.)

(1876.) P. imbricatum, Nutt.

On dry gravelly places where water stands in the spring. Abundant
east of the Hand Hills, and on the Cypress Hills near the eastern
end. (Macoun.)

(187Y.) P. articulatum, Willd.

In sandy, barren fields, Canada. (Pursh.) Bather common on
sand at Point Aux Pins, eight miles above the Sault Ste. Marie.
(Macoun.) About the Saskatchewan. (Drummond & Richardson.)
North Shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi?.)

(18*78.) P. nodosum, Persoon.

Shore of Gull Island, Lake Nipigon, Ont. ; also growing on mud at
the mouth of Beaver Creek, Columbia Yalley, B.C. (Macoun.) Eupert
House, James Bay ; and shore of Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg.
(J. M. Macoun.) On alluvial soil at Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)

(1879.) P. incarnatum, Ell.

P. nodosum, var. incarnatum, Gray, Man., 372, 1856.
P. lapathifolium, Cat. Holmes Herb., 16.

Wet borders of streams, especially on alluvium. Local but abun-
dant when found. Strait of Canso, Guysboro' Co., N.S. (Sail.) At
Keswick and Moncton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant about the
suburbs of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Waste places common at Pres-
cott. (Billings.) Abundant at Hull and other places around Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common along the Bay of Quinte and on flats
along the Eiver Moira at Belleville, also common in cultivated fields,
Seymour West, Northumberland Co., Ont., and along the shores of
islands in Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie
& Buchan.) Not uncommon, along the borders of creeks, at London.
(Saunders & Burgess.}

(1880.) P. Pennsylvanicum, Linn.

Moist soil ; usually in ditches or depressions in pastures. Windsor,
N.S. (How.) Vicinity of Shediac, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Moist
soil at Beauport, near Quebec, (St. Cyr.) Mouth of Eiver St.
Pierre and other places near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Very
common at Ottawa in low rich soil, and at Casselman on the Canada
Atlantic, forty miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common

410 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

around Prescott. (Billings.} In ditches along the Gr. T. Railway, five
miles below Shannonville Station, also along the Salmon River, three
miles above the Railway Bridge. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.*) Low grounds around Hamilton. (Logic, & Buchan.)
Niagara District and at Maiden. (Maclagan.) Common at London
and Windsor, Ont. (Saunders & Burgess.)

(1881.) P. lapathifoilum, Ait. var. incanum, Koch.

P. lapathifolium, var. lanatum, Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 259.

Apparently introduced eastward, but indigenous from Ontario west-
ward. On ballast heaps, Pictou, N". S. ; margins of pools and lakelets,
south of Battleford and at the Red Deer lakes. (Macoun.) Saskat-
chewan region. (Bourgeau.)

(1882.) P. amphibium, Linn. Water Persicaria.

P. amphibium, var. aquaticum, Gray, Man., 416, 1868.
P. cuccineum, Muhl. Cat. Holmes Herb., 16.

In ponds and slow flowing water extending from Quebec and Ontario
westward across the continent to the Pacific. Swamp, St. Denis Street,
Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Quite common throughout Ontario and
in nearly all the fresh water ponds in the prairie region and interior of
British Columbia.

(1883.) P. Muhlenbergii, Watson.

P. amphibium, var. terrestre, Gray, Man. 416, 1868.

P. amphibium, var. /?. Bourgeau, Palliser's Rep. 259.

P. amphibium, var. terrestre, Macoun's Cat. No. 1509, in part.

In ditches and on the borders of ponds at London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Abundant in dried up pools and on the margins of small brooks in the
prairie region from Moose Jaw Creek westward to Morley. (Macoun.)
Along Belly River, near Fort McLeod. (Dawson.) Shallow water,
Coteau de Missouri, 49th parallel. (Burgess.) Saskatchewan region.
(Bourgeau.) Rather common in the Columbia Valley at Donald, B.C.
(Macoun.)

(1884.) P. Hartwrightii, Gray.

P. amphibium, var. terrestre of Canadian Botanists.
P. cocdneum, var. terrestre, Cat. Holmes Herb., 16.

Distinguished from P. amphibium by its foliaceous and ciliate sheaths,
on the other hand P. Muhlenbergii is without ciliate sheaths but is
rough with appressed hairs all over. This species is chiefly found
around ponds and in mud on the margins of lakes. In marshes at
Salt Lake and Becscie River, Anticosti, (Macoun.) Along the

CATALOGUE OF CANADlTrTpLANTS. 411

Ottawa and Eideau rivers near Ottawa, also Nation River at Cassel-
man, (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Boucherville Island near Montreal, 1821.
(Holmes.') Moist ground north of the Junction Freight Shed, Prescott,
Ont. (Billings.} Shore of the Bay of Quinte at Zwick's Island, near
Belleville, swamp between Bridgewater and Flinton, Hastings Co. ;
also at head of the marsh, Owen Sound Bay. (Macoun.) Vicinity of
York Factory, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.} Wet places around Hamilton.
(Buchan.) Point Abino, Lake Erie. (Judge Clinton.}

(1885.) P. PERSICARIA, Linn. Lady's Thumb.

Yery common in waste places around dwellings and low rich culti-
vated soils. Extensively naturalized and spreading with settlements
to all parts of the country both in Manitoba and British Columbia.

(1886.) P. HYDROPIPER, Linn. Smart-weed.
P. mite, Ell. Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.

In ditches by roadsides, and on roads in woods eastward and
apparently introduced, but westward it is found on the margins of
lakes, ponds and rivers where settlement has never taken place. It is
easily distinguished from the next by its triangular, black and shining
achenium.

(1887.) P. acre, HBK. Water Smartweed.

P. hydropiperoides, Pursh. Fl. I., 270.

Wet places, principally in small brooks in woods. Small brooks
near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.~) Abundant along Conway's Creek
near Prescott. (Billings.') In a ditch a little north of the paper mill,
Belleville, also in a brook between Trenton and Belleville. (Macoun.)
Wet places around Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.} In shallow water,
Parry Sound and Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Vicinity of London.
(Saunders.)

(1888.) P. hydropiperoides, Michx. Mild Water-pepper.

P. mite, Pers. Pursh, FlfL, 270.

In flowing water or where it is constantly wot. Bloomfield, King's
Co., N.B. (Brittain.) Very common at Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.)
Common in ditches and brooks around Ottawa and at Casselman on
the Nation River. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Marshy banks of the Nation
River at the crossing of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Railway.
(Billings.) Common in ditches at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Maiden
near Amherstburgh, Ont. (Maclagan.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Buchan.) Shallow water at London. (Burgess.) Very abundant in
ditches at Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.')

412 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1889.) P. Careyi, Olney.

Wet sandy shore, in shade, mouth of Moose Kiver, Muskoka, Out.

(Burgess.}

(1890.) P. ORIENTALE, Linn. Prince's Feather.

A weed in many gardens at Belleville and in the Counties of Hastings
and Prince Edward, Out. (Macoun.} Gardens and waste heaps at
Ottawa. {Fletcher Fl. Ott.} Waste places at Toronto and London,
Ont. (Burgess.}

(1891.) P. Bistorta, Linn.

P. bistortoides, Pursh. Fl. II., 271.

Arctic sea coast. (Richardson.} Kotzebue Sound to Point Barrow
and northern coast. (Rotnr. Alask.}

(1892.) P. viviparum, Linn. Alpine Bistort.

Quite common on cold, boggy points along lakes in the northern
parts of Canada. Mouth of Eel Eiver, N. B. (Fletcher.) Very
abundant along the coast of Anticosti, especially in boggy places at
the mouths of rivers ; exposed points along the Gasp£ coast from
Cape Eosier to Matane, also on Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains,
Gasp^ ; mouth of the Pic Eiver, and on St. Ignace Island, and in
boggy places, Eed Eock, Lake Superior, also on Livingston Point, Lake
Nipigon. (Macoun.} On the St. Lawrence at Bic. (Pringle.} Ford's
Harbour, coast of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait ; also mouth of
Churchill • Eiver, Hudson Bay. (B. Bell.} Swampy ground in the
Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.} Foot Hills of the Eocky Mountains,
and eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass : also along Eliguc
Lake, B.C. (Dawson.} In swampy places at the confluence of the
Peace and Nation Eivers, northern British Columbia, and on Mount
Selwyn, in the Peace Eiver Pass ; also very abundant throughout the
whole Eocky Mountain region in Lat. 51°. (Macoun.} Eocky Mountains.
(Bourgeau.) Common along the Arctic coast and islands. (Richardson.}
West coast of America, from Observatory Inlet to Alaska. (Hooker.}
Sitka and Ounalashka, and along the coast generally. (Rothr. Alask.}
Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.} Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcan Eiver, lat. 60°. (Schwatha.}

(1893.) P. polymorphum, Ledeb.

P. alpinum, Hook, Fl. II., 131.

From the British boundary to Alaska. (Bot. Calif.') Kotzebue Sound.
(Chamisso.} Arctic sea-coast. (Richardson.} Kotzebue Sound and
Fort Youcon. (Rothr. Alask.} Plover Bay, Alaska. (M. Dale.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 413

(1894.) P. Virginianum, Linn.

Thickets in rich soil ; near Pictou, N.S. (McKay '.) (?) Boucherville
Island, near Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.') Maiden and islands in Detroit
Eiver. (Maclagan.) Shaded gravelly river flat, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Creek three miles north of London. (Saunders.) Red Creek, near
Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(1895.) P. arifolium, Linn. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb.

Low grounds, not common ; vicinity of Halifax, N.S. (Lyndsay.) (?)
Low grounds, Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowlers Cat.} Hopedale, N.B.
(Brittain.) Common at Riviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.) Swamps near
Ottawa. (Fletcher, FL Ott.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie and Buchan.')
Low grounds, Chippewa, Ont. (Maclagan.)

(1896.) P. sagittatum, Linn. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.

Low grounds and swamps, rather common, from Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, throughout Quebec and Ontario to the
Saskatchewan. It seems to be more abundant in beaver meadows in
northern Ontario than anywhere else.

(189Y.) P. CONVOLVULUS, Linn. Black Bindweed.

A naturalized weed in cultivated fields extending from the Atlantic
to the Pacific. This species is frequently a great nuisance in potato-
fields, often covering many square yards of the surface. It has already
become a vile weed in Manitoba, and Mr. Fletcher makes the same
report from British Columbia.

(1898.) P. cilinode, Michx.

Very abundant in sandy pine-woods and other suitable localities from
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec and1 -• Ontario, and
northward to Hudson Bay and west to Lesser Slave Lake, near Peace
Eiver.

(1899.) P. dumetorum, Linn. Var. scandens, Gray. Climbing

False Buckwheat.

P. dumetorum, Linn. Gray, Man. 375, 1856.

P. sccmdens, Pursh, Fl. L, 273. Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.
Bather uncommon, climbing over shrubs in low rich soil, mostly in
river bottoms. Near Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Near Pictou; N.S.
(McKay.) In damp thickets climbing over bushes 8-12 feet high.
Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Along the banks of the Riviere-dn-Loup,
Que. (Thomas.) Near Hallowell's, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) At March
near Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Beaver meadows, North Hastings, and

414 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

along brooks, Oak Hills, South Hastings, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Near St. Thomas. (Miss Kate Crooks.')
St. Catherines, Niagara and Maiden. (Maclagan.) Thickets at King-
ston, Ont., and at Port Stanley, on Lake Erie. (Burgess.') Borders
of a creek half a mile west of London, Ont. (Saunders.) North
shore of Lake Superior. (Agassi?.) Climbing over bushes at the
Qu'Appelle Lakes, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Forming almost impene-
trable thickets near the source of the Qu'Appelle, at Swift Current
Creek, and at the eastern end of the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)
Winnipeg and North-West Angle Eoad, also Turtle Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson.)

(1900.) P. TARTARICUM, Linn. Eough Buckwheat.

In cultivated and waste grounds ; escaped from cultivation. Culti-
vated and waste grounds, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)

519. FACOPYRUM, Ccertn. (BUCKWHEAT.)

(1901.) F. ESCULENTTTM, Moench.

Polygonum Fagopyrum, Pursh, Fl. I., 273.

Adventitious in cultivated fields, on waste heaps, by roadsides, and in
the neighbourhood of towns and villages from Nova Scotia throughout
Canada where there are settlements.

520. OXYRIA, Hill. (MOUNTAIN SORRELL.)

(1902.) O. digyna, Campdera.

0. reniformis, Hook, Fl. II., 129.
Rwmeofr digynus, Pursh. Fl. I. 248.

On high mountains or exposed shores in the north. Summit of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe", Que. (Macoun.) Labrador.
(Morrison.) Nachvak, coast of Labrador, Port Burwell (Cape Chud-
leigh), Cape Prince of Wales, Nottingham and Digge's Islands off
Cape Wolstenholme, Hudson Straits. (JR. Bell.) Common in the
Rocky Mountains and on the Arctic sea-shores. (Richardson & Drum-
mond.) Rocky Mountains 6,000 feet altitude, 49th parallel, also eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.) On high mountains in
the Bow River and Kicking Horse Passes, and on Mount Selwyn in the
Peace River Pass, also common in the Selkirk Mountains, B. C.
(Macoun.) Rocky Mountains. (Bourgeau.) Islands of Sitka, Ouna-
lashka and St. Lawrence, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne and the
Arctic coast. (Rothr. AtasJc.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 415

521. RUMEX, Linn. (DOCK. SORRELL)

(1903.) R. venosus, Pursh. Fl. II., 733.

On sand hills and banks around the sources of the Qu'Appelle, and
on sand hills north of the Cypress Hills. (Macoun.) In stream
valleys in the Cypress Hills and at Swift Current Creek, N. W. T.
(J. M. Macoun.) Bank of stream south of Wood Mountain, 49th
parallel. (Dawson & Millman.) Near Fort Carlton, on the Sas-
katchewan. (Richardson.")

(1904.) R. occidental is, Watson. Proced. Am. Acad. XII., 253.

R. longifolius, D.C. Gray's B.A. 420. Macoun's Cat. No. 1537.

jR. domesticus, Hartm. Roths. Alask. 453.

R. domesticus, Hartm. Hook. Fl. II., 129.

R. domesticus, Hartm. Bourgeau, Palliser's Eep., 259.

From Alaska to the Saskatchewan and Labrador. ( Watson?) Swampy
ground, Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) In a marshy place at a mill
pond near Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Eastern shores of Lake
Nipigon, Ont. ; western shores of Lake Winnipegoosis ; Hand Hills
and Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.) Around Moose Mountain Lake,
N.W.T. (J, M. Macoun.) Saskatchewan region. (Bourgeau.'} Marshy
ground at Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.} Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.) Sitka, Ounalashka and Kotzebue Sound to Wain-
wright Inlet. (Rothr. Alask.) Marshes of the Saskatchewan to the
Rocky Mountains and northward to the Arctic sea. (Richardson &
Drummond.) Rather common in swampy meadows from Morley west-
ward to the summit of the Rockies. (Macoun.)

(1905.) R. PATIENTIA, Lirin.

Adventitious at Belleville, but apparently fully established in the
vicinity of Kingston, Ont. (Macoun.)

(1906.) R. orbiculatus, Gray.

E. Hydrolopathum, Huds. Var. (?) Americanum, Gray.

R. Brittanica aquations (?) Pursh. FL L, 248.

R. Brittanicus, Cat. Holmes Herb. 16.

R. acutus, Linn. (?) Hooker Fl. II., 130,

R. sanguineus, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 130, in part.

In marshes, swamps, beaver meadows and river bottoms rather
common. In wet places, Kent Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) In marshes,
quite abundant, at Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.) Abundant on flats
along the Bay of Chaleur, and less common along the Gaspe coast.

416 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(Macoun.) Gregory's meadows, Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) By the
side of the River Rouge, near Silver Mountain, Ottawa Co., Q. (D' Urban.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Conway's Creek and wet
places, rare, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Very abundant in swamps
and grassy places in all parts of Ontario west to Owen Sound, and also
at the SaultSte. Marie and ten miles up the Kaministiquia west of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton. (Logie and Buchan.) Islands
in Detroit River. (Maclagan.) Shallow water, London, Ont. (Burgess.)
Woody places and barren country beyond lat. 64°. (Richardson.')

(1907.) R. salicifolius, Weinmann. White Dock.

Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.) New Mills, Campbellton, N. B.
(Chalmers .) Shore of Richibucto River; N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Isle
St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) Coast of Gaspd above Point
Fame ; also along Colpoy's Bay, Bruce Peninsula ; shore of St.
Ignace at the fishing stations, and Red Rock, Lake Superior, also on
the shore of Lake Nipigon ; very common around salt ponds
throughout the prairie region to Silver City in the Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Saline soil, Fort Garry, Man., 1873. (Burgess.) Selkirk,
Man., and around salt ponds Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun.) Saskat-
chewan region. (Bourgeau.) Lake Winnipeg to Great Bear Lake
and Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Garnett's Ranche, Old Man River,
foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(1908.) R. verticillatus, Linn. Swamp Dock.

Wet swamps and ditches. Near Pictou, N.S. (?) (McKay.) Lachine
Road, near Montreal. (Holmes.) Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.)
Along the banks of streams inland and northward from Prescott, Ont. ;
common. (Billings.) Bekeil Mountain, Q., and Maiden, Ont. (Maclagan.)
In ditches and along rivers and small streams throughout central
Ontario. (Macoun.) Ditches vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.)
Swampy places, London, and on Point Pelee, Essex Co:, Ont.
(Burgess.)

(1909.) R. CRISPUS, Linn. Curled Dock.

Thoroughly established in cultivated fields, ditches and by roadsides
from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick westward to Manitoba, and
sparingly in British Columbia.

(1910.) R. OBTUSIFOLIUS, L. Bitter Dock.

Naturalized about towns and cities, but very seldom seen in fields.
Halifax, N. S. (Z/awson.) Tabusintac, on the Bathurst Road, N.B.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 41*7

(Fowler's Cat.} Germain Brook, King's Co., N.B. (Brittain.} Envi-
rons of Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Ditch near Beaver Hall, Montreal, 1821.
(Holmes.} In waste places around Ottawa, rare. (Fletcher FL. Ott.)
Waste lots, Belleville, Ont., also at Castleton, Sarnia and Owen Sound ;
very common at the Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.) East of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Borders of fields ; common, London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(1911.) R. SANGUINEUS, Linn. Bloody-veined Dock.

Sparingly introduced in Ontario, but apparently plentiful in parts of
Nova Scotia. Three-mile House, near Halifax, N.S. (Lawson.} Abun-
dant at Digby, Annapolis, and Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.} Common
at Riviere-du-Loup, Q. (Thomas.} Port Stanley Railway track two
miles from London, Ont. (Saunders.}

(1912.) R. maritimus, Linn. Golden Dock.
R. persicarioides, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 130.

Shore, near the mouth of Molus River, &nd at Shediac, 1ST. B.
(Fowler's Cat.} Green's Creek, six miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl.
Ott.} Along a ditch leading from the distillery at Belleville to the Bay
of Quinte, Ont. Very common in marshes and on the borders of saline
ponds throughout the prairie region to Silver City in the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) At Selkirk and numerous points on Lake
Winnipeg ; saline ponds Souris Plain. (J. M. Macoun.} Marshes at
Pincher Creek, foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.} Plains of
the Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains, also shore of Hudson Bay.
(Drummond.} Saskatchewan region. (Bourgeau.}

(1913.) R. ACETOSA, Linn. Common Sorrell.

Newfoundland. (Miss Brenton.} Introduced with lawn grass at
Belleville and Toronto, and well established ; abundant at Point-aux-
Pins, above Sault Ste. Marie. (Macoun.} Waste places ; very rare at
London, Ont. (Burgess.) Quite common at Victoria, V. I. (Fletcher.)

(1914.) R. pauciflorus, Nutt.

E. Acetosa, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 129 in part. Rothr. Alask., 453.
B. Engelmanni var. (?) Geyeri. DC. Prodro. XIV., 64.

Prairies of the Rocky Mountains, lat 52°-56°. (Drummond.) Eastern
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains ; shores of Qualcho
Lake, B. C. (Dawson.) Rather common on grassy slopes between
Morley Station and Bow River, foot-hills of Rocky Mountains. In wet
meadows along the Telegraph Trail, B.C., Lat. 54°. (Macoun.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Eothr. Alask.}

418 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1915.) R. Acetosella, Linn.

Abundant in sandy and barren soils from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia
and New Brunswick westward to the Pacific. This species seems to
be both native and introduced, especially eastward. In Ontario it is
certainly indigenous, and very abundant in the pine districts.

LXXXY. ARTSTOLOCHIACEvE. BIRTHWORT FAMILY.

522. ASARUM, Linn. (WILD GINGER.)

(1916.) A. Canadense, Linn.

Eich woods amongst leaves and dead wood. Common in Ontario.
Abundant on the upper St. John, St. Francis, and Salmon rivers, Queen's
Co., also on Eel River, and at Fred eric ton, Queensbury, Morrison's
Mills, and in rich woods about Andover, and Darling's Island, N.B.
(Fowler's Cat.) Montreal mountain, Papineau woods, and other places at
Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) In a few low places along the River Eouge,
Ottawa Co., Q. (D 'Urban.) Island of Orleans, Quebec. (Thomas.)
Sillery, Quebec, Nicolet and St. Anne, Champlain Co., Q. (St. Cyr.)
Eastern Townships and Beloeil Mountain, Q. (Maclagan.) Very
common in rich woods around Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Common
in rich woods at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Kingston, Niagara and
Maiden. (Maclagan.) Rich woods from Kingston west to Cobourg,
and north to Madoc and Peterboro' ; also in woods at Owen Sound.
(Macoun.) Mountain side west of Hamilton, common. (Logie &
Buchan.) Common in rich woods at London. (Burgess.) Rich woods
some miles up the Kaministiquia, west of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Rich wooded hillsides, Pembina Mountain, Man., 49th parallel. (Dawson
& Burgess.) Throughout Canada to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.)

(1911.) A. caudatum, Lindl.

A. Canadense, Var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 139.

In rich woods on the lower slopes of the Cascade Mountains at Yale,
B.C. (Macoun.) Abundant in shady pine woods, among moss, on the
north-west coast. (Douglas.) Yale and Spuzzum, and along the
Goldstream, 12 miles from Victoria, B. C. (Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 419

LXXXVI. PIPEBACE^E. PEPPER FAMILY.

523. SAURURUS, Linn. (LIZARD'S TAIL.)

(1918.) S. cernuus, Linn.

Bather local 'in Ontario, but abundant where found. Growing in
great profusion in mud along the Nation River at Casselman on the
Canada Atlantic Railway, 40 miles from Ottawa. (Macoun & Fletcher.)
On Charles Island, above Niagara Falls. (Burgess.} Muddy places,
Chippewa and Maiden. (Maclagan.) Mud flats at the mouth of the
Bayfield river, below Goderich, Lake Huron. (John G-ibson.)

LXXXVII. LAUBINE^. LAUREL FAMILY.

524. SASSAFRAS, Nees. (SASSAFRAS.)

(1919.) S. offlcinale, Nees.

Laurus Sassafras, Linn. Pursh. Fl. I., 277.

In thickets as small shrubs at the mouth of the Humber, Toronto ;
abundant in the forest around Queenston Heights and becoming twenty
inches in diameter; evidently common all along Lake Erie in the forest
back from the lake ; abundant at Pelee Point, Essex Co. (Macoun.*)
At Ancaster and on Prince's Island, also in East Flamboro', between
the Waterdown Boad and Burlington Bay. (Logie & Buchan.) Com-
mon in the Niagara district. (Maclagan.) At the Whirlpool, Niagara
Falls, and Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.} Sandy woods
near Toronto and Mount Pleasant, Brant Co., Ont. (Burgess.}

525. LINDERA, Thunb. (WILD ALLSPICE.)

(1920.) L. Benzoin, Meisner. Spice Bush.

Benzoin odoriferum, Nees. Hook. Fl. II., 137.
Laurus Benzoin, Linn. Pursh. Fl. L, 276.
L. Pseudo-Benzoin, Michaux Fl. L, 243.

In boggy ground along the base of the hills four miles north of
Trenton ; also around springs in numerous places, Quaker Valley, near
"Wooler, and half a mile north of Colborne on the road to Castleton,
Northumberland Co., Ont. ; forming a small tree in the woods around
Queenston Heights and on Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont. ; also in low
woods, Boyston Park, Owen Sound. {Macoun.} The Dell, Ancaster,
near Hamilton. (Logie & Buchan.} Chippewa and Maid en. (Maclagan.)
Low woods, near London, Ont. (Burgess.) English's "Woods and else-
where near London. (Saunders.}
4

420 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

LXXXVIII. THYMELJSACE^E. MEZEREUM FAMILY.
526. DAPHNE, Linn. (MEZEREUM.)

(1921.) D. MEZEREUM, Linn.

Established on Montreal Mountain, where it has existed for many
years. There are two old bushes, one with white, the other with the
ordinary lilac flower. A few fine healthy shrubs, which produce both
flowers and fruit, have been discovered within the last two years
in McKay's woods, near Ottawa, by Mrs. Chamberlin and James
Fletcher. They are far from any home, in the thick woods and tfcere
is no record of the Daphne having been cultivated by any person in
the neighborhood.

527. DIRCA, Linn. (LEATHER-WOOD. MOOSE-WOOD.)

(1922.) D. palustris, Linn.

Common, in rich and rocky woods in many parts of Ontario and Quebec.
Keswick Eidge, KB. (£. H. Burnett.) Hillsborough, KB. (Brittain.)
Montreal Mountain, 1821. (Holmes.) Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and
in woods at Nicolet, Q. (St. Cyr.) Abundant in woods on all soils,
Ottawa Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Vicinity of Montreal, also at St. Valen-
tin, Q., and at Niagara, Ont. (Maclagan.) Very abundant in all low
woods around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Woods and thickets, very
common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Rich woods throughout
Northumberland Co., very rare in Hastings Co., but abundant at Owen
Sound and Queenston. (Macoun.) Sulphur Spring, Ancaster, and
other localities near Hamilton. (Logie.) Carlisle, western Ontario.
(Buchan.)

LXXXIX. EL^EAGKiCE^. OLEASTER FAMILY.
528. EL/EACNUS, Linn. (SILVER BERRY.)

(1923.) E. argentea, Pursh.

Abundant on the Isle of Orleans, especially on a low rocky and
sandy point, between Grande Anse and Anse a Maranda. (St. Cyr.)
Very abundant west of Manitoba throughout the whole prairie

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 421

region, and extending far into the Eocky Mountains, and south to the
boundary, being found where, owing to the fires, no other wood exists.
On trap rocks, east side of Lake Nipigon. From Winnipeg to Silver
City in the Eocky Mountains, north to Lat. 56°, in the Peace Eiver
Pass, and down that river to near Lake Athabasca. (Macoun.) Thickets
along the 49th parallel from the Red Eiver to Eocky Mountains, grow-
ing where no other shrubs are seen. (Dawson.) Spence's Bridge,
B.C. (Fletcher.') From the Grand Eapids of the Saskatchewan to the
Eocky Mountains, and north to Lat. 69°, near the arctic coast.
(Richardson & Drummond.) James Bay and up the Missinaibi Eiver.
(J. M. Macoun.) Hudson Bay. (Nuttall, vide Hooker.') Eastern
British America, north of arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PL)

529. SHEPHERDIA, Nutt. (SHEPHERDIA.)

(1924.) S. Canadensis, Nutt. Canadian Shepherdia.
Hippophse Canadensis, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 115.

On rocky hillsides and gravelly river banks, widely distributed but
seldom locally abundant. Narrows, Tobique Eiver, N.B. (Hay.)
Clinging to rocky banks at Grand Falls, St. John, and at Cape Bon
Ami, Eestigouche, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Eiver Lachevrotiere, Port-
neuf Co., Isle of Or leans and Mingan Islands, and eastward along the
St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Along the St. Lawrence at Quebec ; also at
Jones' Falls, near Kingston, and Maiden, Lake Erie. (Maclagan.) On
gravelly and rocky banks near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Eocky
banks of St. Lawrence west of Brockville. (Billings.) On gravelly
banks at Carleton Place, Casselman and Hull, near Ottawa ; common
along the dry rocky banks of the Moira and Trent, Ont., and on the
Mountain Portage, Kakabeka Falls, west of Lake Superior, also on
the east side of Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton,
Ont. (Buchan.) Various places along the Niagara Eiver and Lake
Erie. (David F. Day.) Sandy or rocky banks, Kingston, London,
Niagara Falls and Southampton, Ont. (Burgess.) East side of La
Cloche Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.) Grindstone Point and other
places on Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Cypress Hills and Koo-
tanie Pass, 49th parallel. (Dawson.) Cypress Hills near Fort TValsh,
and on the steep slopes at the Hand Hills, Red Deer Eiver ; on gravelly
slopes near Green Lake, 150 miles north of Carlton ; also on the
banks of Peace Eiver at Dunvegan, on the Parsnip north of Fort
McLeod, and on gravel along the Fraser at Quesnelle, B.C. (Macoun.)
Mount Finlayson and other places on Vancouver Island. Called " Soop-

422 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

oo-lalie " by the Indians who make a drink from the berries. (Fletcher.)
Thoroughout Canada to Port Franklin on the Mackenzie River, and
from Newfoundland and Hudson Bay to the Rocky Mountains.
(Richardson & Drummond} Eastern British America, north of arctic
circle. (Hook. Arct. PI.}

(1925.) S. argentea, Nutt. Buffalo-Berry.
Hippophse argentea, Pursh, Fl. I., 115.

On the Saskatchewan between Carlton and Edmonton. (Drummond.)
On small hillocks at Manitoba House, Lake Manitoba, on clay banks
of the Assiniboine above the mouth of the Souris ; also in great pro-
fusion in the valley of the South Saskatchewan, from the Elbow to the
mouth of Swift Current Creek and up its valley ; in the valley of the
Eed Deer River at the Hand Hills, forming dense thickets. (Macoun}
White Mud River west of "Wood Mountain, 49th parallel. (Dawson.}

XC. LORANTHACE^. MISTLETOE FAMILY.
53O. ARCEUTHOBIUM, Bieb.

(1926.) A. Americanum, Nutt. American Mistletoe.

A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Macoun's Cat, No. 1561.
A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Hook. Fl. L, 278, in part.

Parasitic on Pinus Banksiana, about 100 miles north of Fort Carlton,
on the trail to Green Lake. (Macoun.*) On Pinus contorta (Murrayana}
in the Rocky Mountains, and thence eastward to Lat. 5*7°. (Drummond
& Douglas.} Parasitic on Pinus Murrayana, Elk River, Kootanie valley,
Rocky Mountains ; also between Similkameen and Nicola, and on the
same species of tree between the Blackwater River aud Quesnele, B.C.
On Pinus contorta at Victoria, Vancouver Island. Often very abundant
during certain seasons and in others scarcely seen. (Dawson}

(1927.) A. robustum, Engelm.

A. Oxycedri, Bieb. Hook. Fl. L, 278, in part.

On Pinus ponderosa, Kootanie valley, near Columbia Lakes, 1883.
(Dawson.} On Pinus ponderosa, west side of the Rocky Mountains.
(Douglas} Sir William Hooker, in his Flora Boreali Americana, figures
both species, but the first as the male plant and the second as the
fertile one. Douglas believed his specimens represented two species,
but Sir William thought differently.-

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 423

XCI. SANTALACE^}. SANDAL-WOOD FAMILY.
531. COMANDRA, Mutt. (BASTARD TOAD-FLAX,)
(1928.) C. umbellata, Nutt.

Thesiwm umbellatum, Linn. Pursh, Fl. I., 177.
T. corymbulosum, Michx. Fl. I., 112.

In meadows and dry grassy woods, and thickets. On a piece of dry
ground near Sydney Mines, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Lake St. Peter,
below Montreal. (Maclagan.) At Tadousac, Pointe des Monts and
Mingan Islands, Eiver St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.} Rockcliffe and King's
Mountain, near Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Pine grove south of the
Junction, and abundant at the Grand Trunk gravel pit, Preseott, Ont.
(Billings.} Dry rocky banks and sandy plains, quite common in central
Ontario, and at Owen Sound. (Macoun.) Mountain top near the
Albion Mills, Hamilton, Ont. (Logie & Buchan.) Navy Island,
Niagara River and Maiden. (Maclagan.) French Creek, below Fort
Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Dry soil, London, Ont., and at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.') Near Two Heart River, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.*)
Abundant at Fort Garry and on J;he North-west Angle road, also at
Emerson on the Red River, 49th parallel. (Dawson.} Common through-
out the prairie region, north of Lat. 51° and west to the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and
thence to the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond & Richardson.}

(1929.) C. pallida, A. DC.

In some abundance on the southern prairie, on dry soil. Prairie
near Turtle Mountain and westward on the 49th parallel ; also Milk
River Ridge. (Dawson.) Old Wives Lakes, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.}
On clay soil at the western end of the Cypress Hills and westward to
Morley ; also at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun-} On slopes of the
Nicola valley, B C. (Dawson.} From Lytton to Kamloops, B.C.
(Fletcher.}

(1930.) C. livida, Richardson.

Cold bogs, and on mountain tops, in the south, and on exposed shores
in the north. Newfoundland and Labrador. (Morrison & Brenton.} In a
peat bog at Kingston, N.S., and peat bog, Sydney Mines, Cape Breton ;
also abundant on the coast of Anticosti, in bogs. (Macoun.) Near
St. John, N.B. (Fowler's Gat.} Port Elgin, Albert Co., N.B. (Brittain.)
Peat bogs, Ste. Anne des Monts River, Gaspe", also bogs on top of

424 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspd. (Macoun.) Not common
at Riviere du Loup, Q. (Thomas.') At Tadousac, Pointe des Monts, St.
Lawrence River, Q. (St. Cyr.) Kamouraska, Q., and at Southampton
on the shore of Lake Huron. (Burgess.} North shore of Lake
Superior. (Agassi?.) Peat bog, Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory.
(J. Richardson.} Peat bogs, White River, north of Lake Superior ;
common in peat bogs from Port Arthur to Red Rock, and in bogs on
the east coast of Lake Nipigon ; Red Deer River, Lat. 53°, and in bogs
around the Duck and Porcupine Mountains; in the Rocky Moun-
tains from Morley westward to Eagle Pass on the Canadian Pacific
Railway. In peat bogs in the interior of northern British Columbia.
(Macoun.) From Lake Winnipeg to the Rocky Mountains and to
Lat. 69° near the Arctic Sea. (Richardson & Drummond.~) Eastern
British America, north of arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PL) Dean or
Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.)

XCII. EUPHORBIACE.E. SPURGE FAMILY.
532. EUPHORBIA, Linn. (SPURGE.)

(1931.) E. polygonifolia, Linn. Shore Spurge.

Sandy shores of the sea and of the Great Lakes. Indian Cove,
Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) Sydney, Cape Breton. ( W. H. Harrington.}
In sand on Kouchibouguac beach, N.S. (Fowler's Cat.) On Welling-
ton beach, Prince Edward Co., Ont. ; on the sands of Presqu'ile
Point, near Brighton, and on the beach between .the Union station,
Toronto, and the Humber ; Lake Erie shore on Point Pelee, and
Port Colborne. (Macoun.) On Burlington Beach near Hamilton.
(Logie & Buchan.) Lake Erie shore at Maiden. (Maclagan.) Lake
shore near Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) Sandy shore, Port
Stanley, Lake Erie, Ont. (Burgess.) On sand beaches at Point
Edward, Lake Huron, and Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (J". M. Macoun.)

(1932.) E. serpens, HBK.

E. herniarioides, Nutt. Gray, Man., 386, 1858.

Waste places and garden walks, London, Ont. (Burgess.) This is
possibly an introduction from farther south, but is quite plentiful in
potato fields at Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.)

(1933.) E. serpyllifolia, Pers.

From the Columbia River eastward to the Saskatchewan. (Watson.)
Dry plains west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T., 1880. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 425

(1934.) E. glyptosperma, Bngelm.

E. polygonifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 140, in part.

Abundant on dry gravelly soil at Belleville, and in numerous other
places along the Bay of Quinte, likewise in cultivated fields and along
the Grand Trunk Kail way mixed with E. maculata. (Macoun.)
Giavelly roadside, London, Ont., and on saline soil, Wood Mountain,
49th parallel. (Burgess.} South of Wood Mountain, on a dry clay
bank. (Dawson.) Abundant at Fort Walsh, Cypress Hills and numer-
ous other localities north-westward to the Hand Hills, also at the Red
Deer Lakes, in sand. (Macoun.') At Fort Carlton on the Saskatchewan.
(Drummond.) On dry soil along the Thompson River at Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Hill.)

(1935.) E. maculata, Linn.

E. thymifolia, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 606.

E. hypericifolia, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 140, in part.

Abundant along railways, on waste places and in cultivated fields
throughout Ontario. Seldom collected. Abundant on waste places
and in fields around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Common around
Prescott. (Billings.*) Common at Kingston, Niagara and Maiden, Ont.
(Maclagan.) Very abundant at Belleville, and along the whole line of
the Grand Trunk Railway, westward to Toronto. (Macoun.) Old
fields and railway tracks, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Canada to the
Saskatchewan. (Richardson.}

(1936.) E. corollata, Linn.

On dry sandy soil, western Ontario. Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logic.) Sandwich, Ont., also islands in Detroit River. (Madagan.)
Common on sand at Point Edward, near Sarnia. (Macoun.) Sandy
soil, Sarnia, and at the Rondeau, Lake Erie. (Burgess.) On sand at
Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (J. M. Macoun.) Sand dunes along Aux
Sables River, shore of Lake Huron. (John Gibson.)

(193*7.) E. PLATYPHYLLA, Linn.

Scarcely naturalized, but becoming more frequent in Ontario. Along
the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence to Lake Champlain. (Gray.)
Roadsides, common at Prescott. (Billings.) Abundant at Queenston
and .Niagara town. (Macoun.) Roadsides at St. Catharines, common.
(Saunders.) Waste places along the Niagara River at the falls.
(Burgess.) Stony Creek, near Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Lake
shore near Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.} Lake Huron. (Dr. Todd.)
Norway House at the foot of Lake Winnipeg. (Richardson.)

426 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1938.) E. obtusata, Pursh.

Near Quebec. (Mrs. Shepherd.) Canada. (Drummond.) Vicinity
of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) ? Having never seen this species, we
are doubtful of its occurrence, and believe the above references belong
to E. platypTiylla.

(1939.) E. HELIOSCOPIA, Linn. Sun Spurge.

Abundant in the streets of towns and cities and around ruined
buildings, completely naturalized. Very abundant amongst the ruins
of Louisburg, Cape Breton, also at Yarmouth, N.S. (Macoun.') In the
streets of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) River Charlo, and at Buctouche,
KB. (Fowler's Cat.) At Quebec and Sheldrake River, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Common in fields along the G-aspd coast. (Macoun.) Common in the
streets of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) Very common around Riviere
du Loup, Q. (Thomas.) On waste heaps around Ottawa. (Fletcher
Ft. Ott.) Roadsides, at Prescott, Ont., common. (Billings.) Common
in nearly all the cities, towns and villages of Ontario. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton. (Buchan.) Lake shore near Fort Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.) Waste places, Niagara Falls, and railway track
at Essex Centre, Ont. (Burgess.)

(1940.) E. CYPARISSIAS, Linn.

Escaped from gardens and becoming firmly established wherever it
can gain the slightest foothold. Escaped from gardens at Halifax.
(Lawson.) Along roadsides at Annapolis, and on the Blomidon road,
N.8. (Macoun.) Sparingly escaped from gardens at Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Roadside at Nashwaak, N.B. ( Vroom.) On waste heaps
and by garden fences at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) By garden
fences in and around Belleville, Picton, and Trenton, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.) Sandy waste places at London,
Ont. (Burgess.)

(1941.) E. PEPLUS, Linn.

Not common but appearing every year in gardens and flower beds
in some localities. In the streets of Pictou, N.S., rather rare. (McKay.)
Spontaneous in gardens at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) A weed
in gardens at Chipman, N.B. ( Wetmo re.) Along the Ottawa at Green's
Creek. (Fletcher.) In several localities at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)
Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

(1942.) E. commutata, Engelm. (?)

Specimens referred here were collected on Laurentian rocks at Shan-
vonville, Hasting Co., Ont., in June, 1867, and again in 1871. The

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 427

specimens were evidently persistent from the preceding year, although
not perennial. The seeds have one deep groove on the back, are pitted
all over and twice as large as those of E. Peplus.

(1943.) E. hypericifolia, Linn.
Waterdown Road, near Hamilton, Ont. (Buchan.)

533. MERCURIALIS, Linn. (DOG'S MERCURY.)

(1944.) M. ANNUA, Linn.

Abundant on waste or ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S., also more
sparingly at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.}

534. ACALYPHA, Linn. (THREE-SEEDED MERCURY.)

(1945.) A. Vlrginica, Linn.

A. Caroliniana, Cat., Holmes Herb., 16.

Abundant in river bottoms and in low damp cultivated fields. Com-
mon on low grounds at Montreal. (Holmes.) Abundant on low
grounds around Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Ditches and low fields
at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.') Yery common on flats along the Nation
River at Casselman, Russell Co., Ont., and in fields and low boggy
grounds at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Vicinity of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie & Buchan.) Sandy shore, Hamilton, Ont. (Millman.) Yery
common in the western part of Ontario. (Maclagan.)

XCm. URTICACE^:. NETTLE FAMILY.

535. ULMUS, Linn. (ELMS.)

(1946.) U. fulva, Michx. Slippery or Red Elm.

U. rubra, Michaux f. N. American Sylva, Vol. II., 221, 1819.

Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and Nicolet, Q. (St. Cyr.) This tree
is chiefly confined to the valley of the St. Lawrence from the Island
of Orleans westward to the Georgian Bay. Its usual habitat is

428 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. .

rather low rocky woods, but it is found in fence corners in all clearings.
Around Ottawa it seldom attains the height of 60 feet, but westward
it becomes larger arid on the Niagara peninsula is much taller and
increases considerably in diameter. It is easily distinguished from its
allies by its wide branching habit.

(1947.) U. Americana, Linn. American Elm.
U. Americana, var. pendula, Ait. Pursh, Fl. I., 200.

The White or American Elm delights in low, humid and rich soils,
and the better the soil, the larger the tree. This tree has a very wide
distribution, being found on the low intervale lands of Cape Breton,
Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In Quebec it becomes more plen-
tiful, and in the valley of the St. Lawrence and throughout Ontario it
is very abundant. West of Toronto and in the whole district border-
ing on Lakes Erie and Huron it grows to an enormous size, attaining
a greater height and girth than any other Canadian tree, except the
pine. West of Lake Huron, it retires again to the low alluvial soil in
river bottoms, and is found in the valley of the Bed Eiver from Pem-
bina to Lake Winnipeg. It ascends the Assiniboine to its source.
It passes by the way of lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis to Red Deer
River, which flows into the last named lake, where it ceases to grow in
Lat. 53°. (Macoun.) On the Saskatchewan, it ascends to near Cum-
berland House in Lat. 54° 30', where Mr. A. S. Cochrane observed a
number of good sized trees. It occurs at the head waters of all the
principal branches of the Moose River, and on one of them, the
Missinaibi, found an outlier within 120 miles of James Bay. On
the Kenogami it extends to a point about half-way from Long Lake
to the Albany. (JR. Bell.) At Lake Waswanapy, North-east Terri-
tory. (J. M. Macoun.)

(1948.) U. racemosa, Thomas. Rock Elm.

U. Americana, Planchon. De Candolle, Prodr. XVII., 155, in part.

Rather rare in the Eastern Townships, Quebec, and extending west-
ward throughout Ontario in the limestone areas. This tree seems to
be confined to dry gravelly soils and is usually associated with sugar
maple in such localities. It was formerly very common and large
quantities were cut down, squared and exported, but owing to the
destruction of maple woods it is now found chiefly as second growth
along roadsides and borders of fields.

' CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 429

536. CELTIS, Linn. (NETTLE TREE.)

(1949.) C. OCCidentaliS, Linn. Sugar-berry.

C. crassifolia, Pursh, Fl. I., 200.

C. pumila, Pursh, Fl. I., 200.

C. alba, De Candolle, Prodr. XVII. , 177.

C. Mississippiensis, Bosc. Gray, Man., 443, 1868.

C. longifolia, De Candolle, Prodr. XVII., 177.

Without exception, this tree has the most remarkable distribution
of any in the Dominion. A few grown trees here and there being all
that are usually found, in the same locality. St. Helen's Island, Mon-
treal. (Maclagan.} Northward from Prescott on the tributaries of the
Ottawa. (Billings.} A few trees along the Eideau above Billings'
Bridge, and one or two small ones at Malloch's Bay and Brittania on
the Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.} About a dozen well grown trees in
the valley of Salmon Eiver, north of the Grand Trunk Eailway, near
Shannonville ; a few shrubs along the Moira River at Belleville ; also
rather common between Queenston and Niagara, and sparingly west-
ward along Lake Brie, common on Pelee Point. (Macoun.} River
flats at London, Ont. (.Burgess.} Vicinity of Rat Portage, Lake of
the Woods. (E. Bell.}

537. HUMULUS, Linn. (HOP.)

(1950.) H. Lupulus, Linn. Wild Hop.

In its wild state this species is always found in river bottoms. Cul-
tivated in New Brunswick. Scarcely wild. (Fowler's Cat.} In the
environs of Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) North shore of Lake Superior.
(Agassiz.} Very abundant in the valley of the Kaministiqua, seven
miles above Fort William, Lake Superior ; common in the valleys of the
Red, Assiniboine and Qu'Appelle rivers, and in the valleys of the
Swan and Red Deer rivers entering Lake Winnipegoosis, northern
limit about Lat. 53°. (Macoun.} River banks in thickets, Turtle
Mountains, Man. (Burgess.} Lake of the Woods, and at Emerson,
Red River valley. (Dawson.}

538. CANNABIS, Linn. (HEMP.)

(1951.) C. SATIVA, Linn. Hemp.

Adventitious from Europe but scarcely established anywhere.
Spontaneous in a few places at Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Near
Taborville Bridge, King's Co., N.B. (Brittain.} More or less common
in or about all the towns and villages of Quebec and Ontario.

430 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

539. MORUS, Linn. (MULBERRY.)

(1952.) M. rubra, Linn.

M. rubra, var. Canadensis, Loudon, Arboretum III., 1360.

Eich woods throughout the forest bordering on Lake Erie. Not
uncommon from Niagara town along the river to the Whirlpool ; com-
mon on Pelee Island, and frequent in the woods at Amherstburgh and
west to Windsor. (Macoun.) One young tree noticed near the water's
edge below Niagara Falls. (David F. Day.) Sandy soil, Leamington,
Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.)

(1953.) M. ALBUS, Linn. White Mulberry.

Cultivated and occasionally wild from Niagara Falls (Macouri), to
the sandy wastes near Sarnia, Ont. (Burgess.)

54O. URTICA, Linn. (NETTLE.)

\
(1954.) U. gracilis, Ait. Common Nettle.

U. dioica, Michx. Fl. II., 112, in part.
U. procera, Willd. Pursh. Fl. I., 113.
U. dioica, L. Hook. Arct. PI.

Not uncommon in rich soil on the borders of woods, along fences,
around dwellings, and in river bottoms, from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick westward to Morley at the base of the Eocky Mountains.
Specimens collected in the far east are identical with western ones.
From Lake Huron to the Saskatchewan and throughout the wooded
country on the east of the Kooky Mountains, as far north as Fort
Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.)

(1955.) U. DIOICA, Linn. Stinging Nettle.

Naturalized in many places in the older settlements, Pictou, N.S.
(McKay.) Along the railway at Bedford Basin, N.S. (Macoun.) On
ballast at St. John, N.B. (Hay.) .Naturalized in a few places, G-aspe
Basin, Q. Ferry Point, Belleville, Ont., and at Stone Mills, Bay of
Quinte ; also at Port Stanley, Lake Erie. {Macoun.)

(1956.) U. Lyallii, Watson. Western Nettle.

Occasionally met with in Beaver Creek valley and other places in
the Selkirk mountains, B.C. {Macoun.'} On Vancouver Island, B.C.
(Lyall & Fletcher.) Abundant about old Indian villages and camping
places, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 431

(1957.) U. holosericea, Nutt. (?)

U. dioica, var. occidentalis, Watson, Bot. King, Exp. 321.

On damp soil in stream valleys, South Kootanie Pass, Bocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.}

(1958.) U. URENS, Linn.

On ballast heaps and waste places eastward. Ballast heaps and waste
ground at North and South Sydney, Cape Breton, and on ballast at
Pictou, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.} Bass River, N.B. {Fowler's Cat.}
Ballast heaps, St. John, N.B. (Hay.} St. Andrew's, N.B. (Vroom.}
Magdalen Islands, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.} Newfoundland.
(Miss Brenton.}

541. LAPORT/EA, Caudich. (WOOD-NETTLE.)

(1959.) L. Canadensis, Gaudich.

Urtica Canadensis, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 178. Hook. Fl. II., 141.
U. divaricata, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 113.
U. Canadensis, p. minor, Hook. Fl. II., 141.

Low moist woods, especially in river or brook valleys, from Nova
Scotia to Lake Huron. Stream valley at Whycocogmah, Cape Breton.
(Macoun} Eich intervales, Kouchibouguac, Bass Eiver, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat} Norton, N.B. (Hay.} Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and in woods
at Nicolet, Q. (St. Cyr.} Abundant from Quebec westward to the
Sault Ste. Marie.

542. PILEA, Lindl. (CLEARWEED.)

(1960.) P. pumila, Gray. Eichweed.

Urtica pumila, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 178. Hook. Fl. II., 141.

In boggy ground around springs and in marshy places. Odell's
Grove at Fredericton, and Norton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} Petitcodiac
and Havelock, N.B. (Brittain.} A troublesome weed on grounds of
C. E. Grosvenor at ^Canterbury, N.B. (Hay} In western Quebec it
is quite common, and in Ontario to the Georgian Bay.

432 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

543. BCEHMERIA, Jacq. (FALSE NETTLE.)

(1961.) B. cylindrica, Willd.

Urtica cylindrica, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 179.
17. capitata, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 113.
B. cylindrica, var. p. Hook. Fl. II., 142.

Low moist thickets and in river bottoms throughout Ontario.
Abundant on low grounds at the mouth of the Gatineau and at Hull,
Q. (Fletcher, FL Ott.~)

544. PARIETARIA, Linn. (PELLITORY.)

(1962.) P. Pennsylvanica, Muhl. American Pellitory.

Usually in crevices of limestone rocks in ravines. Crevices of
rocks, Heely Falls, east side, Northumberland Co., Ont. (Macouri)
On the lower part of Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.') Crevices
of rocks, Cypress Hills, N.W.T. ; Pembina Eiver at the crossing 50
miles north-west of Edmonton, N.W.T., and at Fort St. James, and
Fort McLeod, northern British Columbia. (Macoun.') Crevices of
rocks, Elk Eiver, Kootanie valley, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

XCIV. PLATANACE^E. PLANE-TREE FAMILY.

545. PLATANUS, Linn. (BUTTON-WOOD.)

(1963.) P. occidental is, Linn.

This very large and magnificent tree seems to have its eastern limit
in the valley of the Don at Toronto, from thence it becomes more
plentiful and increases in size, and at Hamilton and all through the
western peninsula of Ontario, in low damp woods it becomes a conspi-
cuous forest tree. It seems to prefer river bottoms but in the low
country between St. Thomas and Amherstburgh, it is particularly
common.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 433

XCY. JUGLANDE^E. WALNUT FAMILY.

546. CARYA, Nutt. (HICKORY.)

(1964.) C. alba, Nutt. Shell-bark Hickory.

Juglans squamosa, Michx. N. American Sylva, Vol. I., 181, 1819.

/. alba, Michx. FL II., 193.

C. microcarpa, Nutt. Gray, Man., 448, 1868.

A few trees on the bank of the Nation River at Casselman, thirty
miles south east of Ottawa, also at Deschenes Rapids on the Ottawa.
(Fletcher.) The above record is the only notice of this tree, outside
of the valley of the St. Lawrence Eiver, except a few trees in rear
of Montreal Mountain, until Kingston is passed. It is abundant on
both sides of the Bay of Quinte and ascends the Salmon, Moira and
Trent Rivers, the latter to four miles above Campbellford. "Westward
from the Trent it is found more inland, but always on river banks until
the meridian of Toronto, is reached, when it is found mixed with other
trees in the forest. On the Niagara peninsula, especially atQueenston
Heights and the Falls, it constitutes the greater part of the forest, and
along Lake Erie with other hickories, attains its largest size often
rising with a straight stem to 80 feet and generally overtopping the
other trees. Along Lake St. Clair it is still abundant and probably
reaches G-oderich on Lake Huron.

(1965.) C. tomentosa, Nutt. White Heart Hickory.
Juglans tomentosa, Michx. Fl. II., 192.

Rather sparingly distributed amongst the other hickories in the
Niagara peninsula from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie, and extending
westward to Windsor and an indefinite distance beyond.

(1966.) C. porcina, Nutt. Pig-nut or Broom Hickory.

C. glabra, Torr. Gray, Man., 403, 1858.

Juglans porcina, Michx. N. American Sylva. II., 194, 1819.

J. porcina, var. obcordata, Pursh, Fl. I., 638.

J. porcina, var. pisiformis, Pursh, Fl. L, 638.

Not uncommon on the Niagara peninsula, where large trees are quite
frequent in the low woods extending out from the base of Queenston
Heights ; also abundant in Wesley Park, Niagara Falls, and at many
points along Lake Erie to Amherstburgh and north to Windsor and
Sarnia.

434 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1967.) C. amara, Nutt. Bitter-nut Hickory.

Juglans amara, Michx. N. American Sylva, II., 170, 1819.
On islands at the mouth of the Nicolet Eiver, Q. (St. Cyr.) Abun-
dant in wet woods and low damp places in fields and along roadsides
from the neighborhood of Montreal westward through Ontario.
It is quite common on the Quebec side of the river at Ottawa, and
extends for a considerable distance up the Gatineau. Proceeding west-
ward, it becomes a much finer tree and is a prominent species on the
whole western peninsula up to the Georgian Bay.

547. JUCLANS, Linn. (WALNUT.)

(1968.) J. cinerea, Linn. Butternut.

This is a widely spread and beautiful species extending from southern
New Brunswick throughout Quebec and Ontario to the Georgian Bay.
Whether by the roadside, in the field or forest, it is a beautiful object
and its wide spreading branches give a grateful shelter to both man and
beast when oppressed by the mid-day heat of a summer's day.

(1969.) J. nigra, Linn. Black Walnut.

The distribution of this tree is limited to that part of Ontario, west of
Toronto, where it might have been called the king of the forest thirty
years ago. At present, very few of the old trees remain, but visitors to
Niagara Falls may still see a number of magnificent ones in that vicin-
ity, though these are little over a century old. There is no reason
why this tree should not be planted wherever the butternut is indige-
nous, as they grow side by side at Belleville and Ottawa, and the black
walnut makes the more vigorous growth. In the district bordering on
Lake Erie it is still a plentiful tree and south of St. Thomas, many of
the old fences are largely composed of black walnut rails, while the
stumps are still conspicuous objects in the fields.

XCVI. MYEICACE^E. SWEET-GALE FAMILY.

548. MYRICA, Linn. (WAX-MYRTLE.)

(1970.) M. Gale, Linn. Sweet Gale.

Common along the margins of small ponds, lakes, and slow flowing
streams, from Newfoundland throughout Canada to the Rocky Moun-
tains, and northward to Hudson Bay, and Fort Norman on the Mac-
kenzie Eiver. (Richardson.')

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 435

(1971.) M. Californica, Cham.

North-west coast. (Menzies.) Swamps of Puget Sound. (Douglas.)
Yery likely in the valley of the Eraser near the coast.

(19*72.) M. cerifera, Linn. Wax-Myrtle.

M. Pennsylvania*,, Lam. Pursh, Fl. L, 620.
M. Carolinensis, Miller. Pursh, FL I., 620.
M. cerifera, var. /?. media, Michx. Fl. II., 228.

Apparently common on the Prince Edward Island coast, more espe-
cially on the islands in Charlottetown Harbor ; also on Point Pleasant
at Halifax, N.S. (Macoun.) At Windsor, N.S. (How.) Along the coast
at Pictou, N.S., and on St. Paul's Island, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
(McKay.) Strait of Canso, N.S. (Ball.) Sand beach on the sea
shore, Kent and Northumberland counties, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Sea
shore, Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.)

(1973.) M. asplenifolia, Endl. Sweet Fern.

M. Comptonia, A. DC.

Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait. Gray, Man., 458, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No.
1619.

Yery common in many localities on sandy ridges and hills. Near
Windsor, N.S. (How.) At Halifax and Kingston, N.S. (Macoun.)
Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Abundant on dry gravelly ground, Kent
Co,, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.) Norton and McAdam Junction, N.B. (Hay.)
Rather rare in southern Quebec, but abundant in Ontario on all pine
barrens, especially on the Algoma sand which is so widely spread over
the northern part of that province, and extending westward to near
the Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.) From New Brunswick to the
Saskatchewan. (Richardson.')

XCYII. CUPULIFER/E. OAK FAMILY.
549. BETULA, Linn. (BIRCH.)

(1974.) B. lenta, Linn. Cherry or Black Birch.

B. excelsa, Alton, Hort. Kew. III., 337.

B. nigra, Sommers, Journ. Nov. Scot. 1st. Nat. Sci., Vol. IV., Pt. II., 208.
Macoun's Cat. No. 1628.

This fine tree has a comparatively wide range but attains its greatest
size in north-western Ontario, where it is often found over four feet in
diameter. (Macoun.) Newfoundland and the valley of the Saguenay

436 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

River, west through Ontario to the Manitoulin Islands of Lake Huron.
(Sargent} Abundant in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. (Hooker.}
A common forest tree, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} An abundant
tree in Quebec and northern Ontario, but not extending west to Dog
Lake, north-east of Lake Superior. (E. Bell.}

(1975.) B. lutea, Michx. f. Yellow Birch.
B. excelsa, Pursh, Fl. I., 621, not Alton.

This is one of the finest trees of the Canadian forest, but does not
attain fhe same dimensions in Ontario as it seems to do in the eastern
provinces. (Macoun.} It extends from Newfoundland to Rainy River,
and ranges north of the height of land at Lake Abittibi, but is not found
on the north shore of Lake Superior, from Michipicoten to the United
States boundary, and only small trees are found on the Canadian side
of the line from this point to its western limit. (E. Bell.} Around
Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1976.) B. alba, var. populifolia, Spach.

B. populifolia, Hook. Fl. II., 155.

This tree is confined to the eastern provinces and St. Lawrence valley,
but its range is little known outside of New Brunswick. In Nova
Scotia, its size and peculiar habit at once attract the western botanist
only acquainted with its congener — the Canoe Birch. Along the sea
coast it is not uncommon and the same may be said of it in New
Brunswick, where it is reported as being common. (Macoun} New
Brunswick and the valley of lower St. Lawrence River to the southern
shores of Lake Ontario. (Sargent.}

(1977.) B. papyrifera, Michx. Canoe Birch.

B. papyracea, Ait. Gray, Man. 459, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No. 1624.
B. occidentalis, Lyall in Jour. Linnsean Soc. VII., 134 (not Hooker.)

No other tree in British North America has such a wide range as
this one, and if we include the western form, its limits are bounded by
the Atlantic on the east, by the Pacific on the west, extending south-
ward beyond our border, and on the north by the limit of deciduous trees.
(Macoun} Northern Newfoundland and Labrador, to the southern
shores of Hudson Bay and north-west to the Great Bear Lake and the
valley of the Youcon River, Alaska, (Sargent} The British Columbia
form has much shorter and thicker leaves and a very different bark, so
that it may be a distinct variety, and in that case should appear under
Lyall's name.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 437

(1978.) B. OCCidentaliS, Hooker. Western Birch.

Eather common in British Columbia extending eastward to the Sas-
katchewan plains. Near springs on the west side of the Rocky Moun-
toins. (Douglas.') On the east side from Edmonton to the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Drummond.) Along the North Saskatchewan from Edmonton
to Victoria. In the Columbia valley from Golden City to the Selkirk
Summit. (Macoun.} Upper Columbia lakes and river, and east of
mountains on tributaries of Belly River. (Dawson.}

(1979.) B. pumila, Linn. Low Birch.

In bogs and by the sides of lakes and rivers in the north ; extending
from ^Newfoundland and Labrador south through Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and the greater part of Ontario, and
westward to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

(1980.) B. gland ulosa, Michx. Dwarf Birch.

B. nana, Gray, Man., 412, 1858.

This shrub is abundant from Newfoundland and Labrador westward
by Hudson Bay to the barren grounds and Mackenzie Eiver, and south-
ward along the base of the Eocky Mountains and in sub- alpine valleys
to Lat. 49°; rather common in the foot-hills at Morley extending west-
ward through the Eocky Mountains to the Columbia valley and north-
westward through British Columbia to Alaska. Youcon Eiver, Alaska.
(Rothr, Alask.}

(1981.) B. nana, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 156.

Newfoundland. (McCormaclc.} Sphagnous swamps, Hudson Bay
and Canada. (Michaux.} Labrador. (Morrison.} On the east coast
of Hudson Bay. (E. Bell.} Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver.
(Richardson.} Kotzebue Sound. Alaska. (Chamisso.) Norton Sound,
Chamisso Island, and Point Barrow. (Rothr. Alask.} Common in
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PL}

(1982.) E. Ermani, Cham.

Ounalashka. (Rothr. Alask.} The two last species may be included
in No. 1980, but we have no means of deciding.

550. ALNUS, Ceertn. (ALDER.)

(1983.) A. rubra, Bongard. Western or Red Alder.

A. glutinosa, Pursh, Fl. I., 622, in part.
A large tree in the «valley of the Fraser River, B.C. (Dawson.)

438 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

From Lat. 49° to Sitka in the coast ranges and islands along the coast.
(Sargent?) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Eothr. Alask.')

(1984.) A. rhombifolia, Nuttall. Mountain Alder.

The range of this species and the preceding are still obscure and
further examination is necessary before their limits can be fixed.
Common in the Columbia valley and valleys of the Selkirks, B. C.
(Macoun.) Along brooks in the Fraser River valley, B. C. (Dawson.)
Valley of the Fraser and southward, B.C. (Sargent.)

(1985.) A. incana, "Willd. Common Alder.

A. glauca, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 378, 1819.
A. incana, var. glauca, Gray, Man. I. Ed., 423.

A. serrulata, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.

Abundant from Newfoundland throughout Canada. Along small
s treams and in river valleys to the base of the Eocky Mountains, and
southwards to Lat. 49°. Eastern British America within the arctic
circle. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Yar. virescens, Watson, Bot. Cal. II., 81.

B. incana, var. glauca, Macoun, Geol. Rep. Can., 210, 1875-76.

Abundant on the higher slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Kick-
ing Horse Lake westward through the Selkirks, at an altitude of 6000
feet. (Macoun?) Rocky spring, West Butte, Lat. 49°. (Damson.)

(1986.) A. viridis, DC. Green Alder.

A. undulata, Willd. Cat Holmes Herb, 17.
A. crispa, Pursh, Fl. I., 623 ; Hook. Fl. II., 157.
A. glubinosa, Rich. App., page 36.
BetvlaAlnus crispa, Michx. Fl. II., 181.

A common shrub from Labrador and Newfoundland westward across
the continent to the Pacific and northward in the barren grounds.
Ford's Harbor, Labrador. (E. Bell.) Common in the eastern pro-
vinces, Quebec, and northern Ontario. It is found north of Lake
Superior and around Lake Nipigon, appearing at Edmonton and north-
ern British Columbia, where it covers large tracts in the burnt pine
woods. (Macoun.) Sitka, Ounalashka, Norton Sound, Kotzebue Sound
and northern coast, also Youcon River. (Eothr, Alask.) Greenland
and within the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PL)

CATALOGUE OFe&BAmAff""!PLANT8. 439

551. CARPINUS, Linn. (HORNBEAM.)

(1987.) C. Caroliniana, Walter. Blue Beech.

C. Americana, Michx. Gray, Man. 457, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No. 1616-

Low wet woods and margins of swamps. Reported from Nova
Scotia, but very doubtful. Likely the next species. ( Macoun.) Eastern
Townships and western Quebec, up the Ottawa to the Mattawa and
westward to the north shore of the Georgian Bay. In the western
peninsula of Ontario, it attains its greatest size, but never becomes a
conspicuous object in the forest being a low undersized spreading tree
in the rich moist woods along Lake Erie.

552. OSTRYA, Scop. (IRON WOOD.)

(1988.) O. Virginica, Willd. Lever-wood.

Carpinvx Oslrya, Linn. Michx. N. American Sylva. II., 162, 1819.
C. Ostrya, var. Americana, Michx. Fl. II., 202.

More widely distributed than the preceding and^becoming a much
finer tree. Its limits are nearly coincident with that of the maple.
Woods on North Mountain, Annapolis, N.S., and on the mountain at
Whycocogmah, Cape Breton. (Macoun.) Rather rare at Bass River,
and Fredericton, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.') Common in all maple woods
in Quebec and Ontario, and extending west to the east coast of Lake
Superior at Goulais Bay. (Macoun.) Lake of the Woods and Rat
Portage. (R. Bell')

553. CORYLUS, Linn. (HAZEL-NUT.)

(1989.) C. rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel-nut.
C. avellana, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.

A shrub of wide range, forming impassible thickets in woods cut
over by lumbermen or devastated by fires. Dartmouth near Halifax,
N.S. (Sommers.) Pictou Co., N.S. (McKay.) Rather common along
streams in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Gat.) Abundant in Quebec and
Ontario, and extending westward to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan
as far as Prince Albert. (Macoun.) Not uncommon in the southern
part of British Columbia, and occasionally on Vancouver Island.
(Dawson.)

440 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1990.) C. Americana, Walt. Wild Hazel-nut.

Much more restricted in range than the last and chiefly confined to
rocky thickets in Ontario, abundant at Belleville and in the valley of
the Moira ; also at Trenton Station and in the Trent Valley nearly up
to Campbellford. (Macoun.) Plentiful in the vicinity of Toronto.
(A. Fowler.') Low sandy thickets, London, Ont., also at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.^) In thickets near Selkirk, Man. (J. M. Macoun.~)
Abundant in thickets at Winnipeg, and westward in thickets up the
Assinniboine and Qu'Appelle, and along the South Saskatchewan; in
the Moose Mountains and Cypress Hills. (Macouh.~)

554. QUERCUS, Linn. (OAKS,)

(1991.) Q. alba, Linn. White Oak.

Q. alba, var. pinnatifida, Michx. Fl. II., 195.

Q. alba, var. repanda, Pursh, Fl. I., 633.

Q. alba, var. microcarpa, DC. Prodr. XVI., 22.

One of our most widely distributed oaks, being found mixed with the
white pine in western Quebec and eastern and northern Ontario, and
reaching an immense size in the western peninsula. On sandy plains
and sand or gravel ridges, it often constitutes over half the forest, but
in low rich soils, it is seldom seen.

(1992.) Q. Carry ana, Douglas. Western White Oak.
Q. Douglasti, var. ? Need, DC. Prodr. XVI., 24.

Abundant on the south-eastern part of Vancouver Island, especially
in the neighborhood of Victoria, where it occupies large tracts of rocky
ground. Seen furthest north on prairies along the river at Comox. A
few small trees, a mile and a half above Yale on the Eraser, B.C.
(Damson.)

(1993.) Q. obtusiloba, Michx. Post Oak.
Q. stellata, Wang. DC. Prodr. XVI., 22.

We have never been able to fully identify this tree in southern Ontario,
but admit it on authorities given below. A tree with fruit agreeing
with Michaux's figure grows along the Bay of Quinte and is possibly
this species. (Macoun.) Canada. (Dr. Beck, vide Hooker.} Southern
Ontario. (Sargent.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 441

(1994.) Q. macrocarpa, Michx. Mossy-cup Oak.

Q. olivseformis, Cat. Holmes Herb, 17.

Q. macrocarpa, var. olivseformis, Gray, Man. 451, 1868.

Q. alba, var. Gunnisonii, Macoun's Cat. No. 1601.

Q. alba, Hook. Fl. II., 158, in part.

Q. obtusiloba, Michx. Bourgeau in Palliser's Report, 260.

More widely distributed than the white oak, but never attaining as
large a size nor covering as large areas. Near the residence of W. S.
Butler, at Grand Lake, KB. Bare. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity of
Montreal. (Holmes.} Extending up the Ottawa from its mouth to
Pembroke ; along the St. Lawrence, on limestone shingle forming
extensive groves at Prescott and Brockville ; on both sides of the Bay
of Quinte it is very common, extending some miles back from the
water and ascending both the Moira and the Trent, from thence west-
ward it is a common tree and is the " W hite Oak " of the northern part of
Lake Huron. It appears again at the southern end of Lake Winnipeg
and becomes of much value in many parts of Manitoba, where it forms
large groves of fine trees. The last traces of it appear as stunted trees
near the mouth of Shell Eiver on the Assinniboine, and up the Qu'Ap-
pelle and westward as far as Spy Hill west of Fort Ellice. (Macoun.)
On creek banks, Turtle Mountain, Man. (Burgess.} This is the com-
mon oak in the Eed Eiver country, and attains a good size along the
streams and in sheltered localities. (Dawson.) Fine trees are found
on Eainy Eiver and in the district between the Lake of the Woods
and Eed Eiver. On the English Eiver it first appears about half way
between Lonely Lake and Winnipeg Eiver. Along Lake Winnipeg-
it extends as a tree to the Loon Straits, and as a bush to Berens Eiver.
(M. Bell.)

(1995.) Q. bicolor, Willd. Swamp White Oak.

Q. Prinus, var. tomentosa, Michx. Fl. II., 196.

Q. Prinus, var. discolor, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 43, 1819.

The limits of this species are ill defined, as there is much confusion
amongst collectors regarding the various oaks of any district. This,
however, is the "Blue Oak" of the lumbermen and at one time fur-
nished much of the oak exported from that part of Ontario west of
the Trent Eiver. We have no authentic record of it east of the Moira,
Hastings Co., Ont., but it is still met with in low, damp or swampy
woods throughout the valley of the Trent and all western Ontario.
Easily distinguished from the other white oaks by its long peduncled
fruit.

442 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1996.) Q. Prinus, Linn. Eock Chestnut Oak.

Q. Prinus, var. monticola, Michx. Fl. II., 196.
Q. monlana, Willd. Pursh, Fl. I., 634.

This species has often been mentioned as occurring in Ontario and
has been published as such by myself under the next species, as I had
no means of separating them. At present we only know of its occur-
rence from Niagara River westward along Lake Erie to Amherstburgh.
(Macoun.} Not uncommon on Pelee Point, Lake Erie. (Burgess.)
Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.}

(1997.) Q. prinoides, Willd. Yellow Oak, Chestnut Oak.

Q. Prinus, var. humilis, Marshall. Gray, Man. 452, 1868.

Q. Castanea, Muhl. Pursh, Fl. I., 634.

Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 53, 1819.

Macoun's Cat No. 1607.
Q. Prinus pumila, Michx. Fl. II., 196.
Q. Chinquapin, Michx. N. American Sylva. I., 55, 1819.

Abundant on limestone soils in numerous places along both sides of
the Bay of Quinte in the neighborhood of Belleville ; also limestone
shingle, Trent valley above Trenton, and along the Trent at Campbell-
ford Bridge, Northumberland Co. ; very common on Queenston
Heights and in numerous places around Niagara. Many fine trees in
the park at Niagara Falls. (Macoun.} Sandy soil, Point Pelee, Lake
Erie. (Burgess.}

("1998.) Q. rubra, Linn. Eed Oak.

Q. ambigua, Michx. Pursh, Fl. I., 630.

Q. cocdnea, var. ambigua, Gray, Man. 454, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No.
1609, in part

We follow Professor Sargent, in including the boreal form of our
red oak with the more southern one, as we have never seen a series of
specimens complete enough to separate them. Not uncommon at
Halifax, Pictou and Windsor, and very likely many other places in
Nova Scotia. (Macoun.} Rather common in Kent, Northumberland
and York counties, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} On the St. Lawrence between
Quebec and Malbaie, in Lat. 47° 50'. (Michaux.} From thence west
ward through Quebec and Ontario, it is the common " Black Oak."
It is occasionally met with along the north shore of Lake Huron, and
east coast of Lake Superior, and appears for the last time on the
Dawson Route at Lake Namakeen on the height of land west of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 443

(1999.) Q. coccinea, Wang. Scarlet Oak.

The limits of this tree are very uncertain, owing to the confusion
that exists in the minds of collectors, regarding it and Q. rubra. In
University Park, Toronto, are a few fine trees, but they become more
numerous to the west and in the forest along the Niagara River and
Lake Erie, it is an abundant tree. More investigation is necessary
before we can fix the exact limits of this species. (Macoun.) Vicinity
of Toronto. (A. Fowler.)

(2000.) Q. tinctoria, Bartram. *Yellow Oak.

Q. discolor, Alton, Hort. Kew, III., 358.
Q. tinctoria, var. angulosa, Michx. Fl. II., 198.

Q coccinea var. tinctoria, Gray, Man. 454, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No. 1609
in part.

This species seems confined to western Ontario, as no specimens
have been seen from any point further east. It is not uncommon at
Niagara, and with the red and scarlet oak make up much of the forest
along Lake Erie and Niagara Eiver. (Macoun.) In woods around
London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(2001.) Q. palustris, Du Roi. Pin Oak.

Abundant in wet woods below Queenston Heights, and in all low
woods westward along Lake Erie and the Detroit River to Windsor,
where it is of a very large size on the borders of the forest, and along
old fences. (Macoun.') Point Abino, Lake Erie. (David F. Day.)
Roadside at Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.)

555. C AST AN E A, Ceertn. (CHESTNUT.)

(2002.) C. vulgaris, var. Americana, A. DC.

C. vesca, var. Americana, Michx. Fl II., 193.

C. vesca, Willd. Gray, Man. 455, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No. 1610.

Plentiful in the vicinity of Toronto. (A. Fowler.) Common in the
valleys around Hamilton, Ont. (Logie.) Very common at Queenston
and Niagara Falls, and westward in the forest along Lake Erie and
Detroit River to Lake St. Clair. (Macoun.) Abundant at Hall's Mills,
seven miles from London, Ont. (Saunders.) Sandy soil at Hatchley,
Brant Co., and London, Ont. (Burgess.)
7

444 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

556. FACUS, Linn. (BEECH.)

(2003.) F. ferruginea, Alton. American Beech.

F. sylwtica, Walter. Pursh, Fl. I., 624.
F. sylvestris, Michx. Fl. II., 194.

A common forest tree in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and through-
out Quebec and Ontario. It reaches its maximum size along Lake
Huron, its limit being coincident wth that of the limestone soils on the
north of the Georgian Bay, but is quite common on the islands in the
bay to our boundary at St. Mary's River.

XCVIII. SALICINE/E. WILLOW FAMILY.
557. SALIX, Linn. (WILLOW.)

(2004.) S. adenophylla, Hook. Fl. II., 146.

Labrador. (Morrison.) Shores of the Great Lakes and Labrador.
(Bebb.} Sand beaches of Cockburn Island, Lake Huron. (<7. Sell.')

(2005.) S. alba, L. Yar. ceerulea, Smith.

Cultivated for ornament in many parts of Ontario, especially in the
. neighborhood of cities and towns. Vicinity of London, Ont. (Burgess.}
The London tree seems to be a hybrid between S. alba and S. fragilis.
Cultivated at Halifax, N. S. (Lawson.} Cultivated for ornament at
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.} Frequently cultivated, New Bruns-
wick. (Fowler's Cat.} The above references should probably all be
made to S. alba X fragilis, Wim mer. Not having seen the specimens,
we. cannot decide.

(2006.) S. amygdaloid es, Anders. Sal. Bor. -.A mer. 8.
£ nigra, var. amygdaloides, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI2, 201.

Bank of Red River at Emerson, Man. (Burgess.) Red River.
(Bourgeau.) Westward to the Saskatchewan. (Sargent.}

(2007.) S. arctica, R. Br.

S. cordifolia, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 152, in part.
S. callicarpsea, Trant referred here by Anderson.

Labrador. (Morrison.} Throughout the barren country of North
America, from Lat. 64° to the shores and extreme islands of the Arctic

•

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 445

Sea. (Richardson.) Nachvak and Ford's Harbor, Labrador ; Capo
Chudleigh, Upper Savage Islands, Mansfield and Nottingham Islands,
Hudson Straits. (R. Bell.) Kotzebue Sound and Ounalashka.
(Rothr. Alask.) South-west Point, Anticosti, and summit of Mount
Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe". (Macoun.) Within the arctic
circle extending north to the Parry Islands, Melville Island and Green-
land. (Hook. Arct. PL)

Var. petreea, Anders.

Very abundant on all the summits of the Eocky and Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, at an elevation of 7,500-8,000 feet. (Macoun.) High
parts of the Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

(2008.) S. argyrocarpa, Anders.

S. arbuscula, Macoun's Cat. No. 1634.
S. repens, Gray, Man. 418, 1858.
S. fusea, Hook. Fl. II., 151.

Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.) Ungava Bay,
Labrador. (Barnston.) Table Top Mountain, Gaspe", altitude, 3,600
feet ; also Forteau and Carrall Cove, Labrador. (Allen.) Moist thickets
at the mouth of Nipigon Eiver, Lake Superior. (Macoun.)

(2009.) S. Barrattiana, Hook. Fl. II., 146.

Alpine swamps of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drummond.)
Old Man Eiver, and South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains, Lat. 49

(2010.) S. balsam ifera, Barratt.

S. cordata, var. balsamifera, Hook. Fl. II., 149.
S. pyrifolia, Anders. Fowler's Cat. No. 587.

Chateau and Square Island, Labrador. (Allen.) Abundant in
Gloucester, Northumberland and Kent Co.'s ; also at Carleton, St.
John Co., N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Borders of brooks and damp places
at Truro, N.S. ; at the mouth of Nipigon Eiver, and in numerous
places around Lake Nipigon, north of Lake Superior. (Macoun.)
Patterson's Creek, Ottawa. (J. M. Macoun.) Lake Winnipeg and
along the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) In thickets on the Nechacco
Eiver, British Columbia. (Macoun.)

(2011.) S. Barcleyi, Anders. Sal. Bor. Amer. 20. Anders. Sal.
Monog. 164. DC. Prod. XVI2, 254.

Kodiak. (Rothr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Oun-
alaska and Kodiak. (Barclay & Dr. Kellogg.)

446 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. latiuscula, Anders. Monog. 165.
Newfoundland. (De la Pylaie.)

(2012.) S. Candida, Willd. Hoary Willow.

S. incana, Michx. Fl. II., 225.

Forteau, Labrador. (Allen.') Peat bogs and tamarac swamps and
river-margins, widely distributed. Margin of Jupiter Eiver, and Salt
Lake, Anticosti, also along the Ste. Anne's Eiver, Gaspe. (Macoun.)
Mingan and Anticosti Islands, Eiver St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Spar-
ingly on Sugar Bush Lake, Eiver Eouge, Q. (D' Urban.) Dow's
swamp and other localities at Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Abundant
in peat and other bogs throughout northern Ontario, and extending
westward through the prairie region and Eocky Mountains. and north-
ern British Columbia to Quesnel. (Macoun.) Abundant in the Cypress
Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Small lake near Pincher Creek,
N.W.T. (Dawson.) Throughout the wooded country north of the
Saskatchewan. (Drummond.) York Factory, Hudson Bay. (E. Bell.)

(2013.) S. chlorophylla, Anders.

Nain and Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador, Upper Savage Islands,
Nottingham, Digge's and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. (B. Bell.*)
Pictou Co., N.S., and St. Paul's Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence. (McKay.)
Saskatchewan and Lake Winnipeg. (Bourgeau.) Great Slave Lake.
(Oapt. Pullen.)

(2014.) S. Chamissonis, Anders. DC. Prod. XVF, 290.
Island of St. Lawrence, Alaska. (Chamisso.)

(2015.) S. cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow.
& rigida, Muhl.

This is one of our most widely spread willows, and one that takes
innumerable forms between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Bass Eiver,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittdin.) Salmon River,
N.B. (Wetmore.) St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Salt Lake, Anticosti ;
Truro, N.S. ; coast of Gaspe", Q. (Macoun.) Banks of streams, Pres-
cott and Brockville, Ont. (Billings.) Wet places around Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of London, Ont., and Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.) Very common in central Ontario, around Lakes Superior,
Nipissing, and Nipigon, and westward through the Eocky Mountains
to the Fraser Eiver, B.C. (Macoun.) Oxford House to Knee Lake,
Nelson Eiver. (E. Bell.) Moist woods and prairies of the Saskat-
chewan. (Drummond.) Old Man .Eiver, N.W.T. (Dawson.) In thickets

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 44*7

near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.') Forms of this species,
referred by us to S. lutea, Nutt., were collected in the valleys of Moose
Jaw Creek, Swift Current Creek and Maple Creek. (J. M. Macoun.)
Thickets at Morley, and Kananaskis, foot-hills of the Rocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.)

Var. angustata, Gray. Narrow-leaved Willow.
S. angustata, Pursh. Gray, Man. 416, 1858.

This variety is made to include those forms with long narrow leaves
which, were it not for the fruit would be considered quite distinct
from S. cordata. Low grounds, London, Ont. (Burgess.) Not un-
common in Ontario from Ottawa to Toronto ; abundant at Belleville.

(Macoun.')

Var. Mackenzieana, Hook. Fl. II., 194.

In this variety the leaves are obovate-lanceolate and come near AS.
balsamifera. Great Slave Lake and Mackenzie River. (Richardson.)
In the Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Point Barrow and along the arctic coast. (Rothr. Alask.)

(2016.) S. discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow.
S. prinoides, Pursh, Fl. I., 613.

One of our most abundant willows, growing in low swampy places,
often becoming a small tree. Banks of streams and wet grounds,
common, N. B. (Fowler's Cat.) Campbellton, N. B. (Chalmers.)
Vicinity of Truro, Halifax and Windsor, N. S. (Macoun.) Quebec,
Island of Orleans, and Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of
Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Sugar Bush Lake, Montcalm, and mouth
of Devil's River, Ottawa Co., Q. (D' Urban.) Very abundant about
Prescott, Ont. (Sittings.) Swamps near London, Ont., and at Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.) Abundant in swamps and on river banks from
Ottawa westward throughout Ontario, and in the swamps and bogs of
the prairie region. (Macoun.)

Var. eriocephala, Anders.

S. eriocephala, Michx. Fl. II., 225.

We include in this variety all our forms having densely flowered
and very silky aments. New Brunswick. (Mr. Kendal.) Margins of
brooks, St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Sillery, near Quebec. (Sheppard.)
Near Ottawa, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) Low meadows near London^
Ont. (Burgess.)

448 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(2017.) S. desertorum, Rich. Prairie Willow.

On gravel bars along Jupiter River, Anticosti ; on the summit of
Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe. (Macoun.) From the
Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin. (Richardson.) Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.~) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass and
Columbia valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Very abundant from the
South Saskatchewan westward, more especially in the foot-hills on dry
slopes, at Calgary and Morley, and through the Rocky Mountains to
the Columbia valley at Donald, Lat. 51° ; also at Clinton above Cache
Creek, B.C. (Macoun.)

(2018.) S. Drummondiana, Barratt.

Marshes and prairies, of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°. (Drum-
mond.) On the beds of snow-slides, summit of the Selkirk Mountains,
B.C. (Macoun.)

(2019.) S. fulcrata, var. Sllbglauca, Anders. DC. Prod. XVr, 244.
N. W. America. (Seeman.) Nushagak, Alaska. (C. L. McKay}

(2020.) S flavescens, Nutt.

In ravines, Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} It is quite
probable that this species, which becomes a small tree, may be found
in many of the deep couldes to the south. On the banks of the Colum-
bia at Donald, Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun.}

Var. Scouleriana, Bebb.

£ Scovleriana, Barratt. Hook. Fl. II., 145.

Common from Lat. 49° on the Pacific coast to Kodiak, Alaska.
(Bebb.) Through the Rocky Mountains to Columbia valley at Donald,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the Fraser at New Westminster, and
at Cache Creek, B.C. (Macoun.) Nicola valley, B.C. (Dawson.)

(2021.) S. glauca, Linn.

Damp places. Nachvak and Ford's Harbor, Labrador. (R. Bell.)
Amongst rocks on the Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.) At Salt Lake,
Anticosti. (Macoun.) Lake Mistassini, N. E. T., Lat. 51°. (J. M.
Macoun.) Cape Espenberg and Chamisso Island. (Rothr. Alask.)
Nushagak, Alaska. (C. L. McKay.}

Var. villosa, Anders.

S. villosa, Hook. Fl. II., 144.

S. glaucops, Anders. DC. Prodr. XVI-, 281. Macoun's Cat. No. 1649.

Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°, thence to the Arctic Sea, also Fort

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 449

Franklin on the Mackenzie Eiver. (Drummond & Richardson.} Under
a number of forms, this variety extends from the eastern side of the
Eocky Mountains at Morley to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat. 51°,
and north-westward in British Columbia to Fort McLeod in Lat. 55°.
(Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon Eiver, Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.*)

(2022.) S. herbacea, Linn. Herb-like Willow.

Labrador. (Morrison.') Nain, coast of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh,
Nottingham, and Digge's Islands, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Summit
of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe ; on the summits of
all the higher Eocky Mountains, from Canmore to the Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun.) Arctic Islands. (Sir E. Parry.~)
North-west coast. (Nelson.')

(2023.) S. Hookeriana, Barrett.

Near the Grand Eapids of the Saskatchewan, rare. (Douglas.)
North-west coast of America. (Scouler.)

(2024.) S. humilis, Marshall. Prairie Willow.

S. conifera, Willd. Pursh, Fl. L, 612.
S. longirostris, Michx. Fl. II., 226-
S. Muhlenbergiana, Pursh, Fl. I., 609.

Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.*) Dry barrens, Bass Eiver ; also, Kouchi-
bouguac, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} On dry rocky slopes at Truro, N.S.
(Macoun.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.') Neighborhood of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Dry sandy soil, Chalk Eiver, on the Ottawa Eiver,
and westward on dry rocky or sand banks through Ontario, and on the
islands north of Lake Huron. (Macoun.~) Dry sandy soil, London,
Ont. (Burgess.) Dry slopes of the South Kootanie Pass, Lat. 49°.
Leaves only. (Dawson.)

(2025). S. humillina, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI2, 248.

Prince Albert Sound. (Mieschring.') Eae Eiver. (Dr. Rae.)
Labrador. (?)

(2026.) S. lasiandra, Benth. Var. typica, Bebb.

S. arguta, var. lasiandra, Anders. De Candolle Prodr. XVI.2 206.

Along the Thompson Eiver at Spence's Bridge, and in thickets at
CSche Creek, B.C. (Macoun.}

450 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Yar. lancifolia, Bebb. in Bot. California.

S. speciosa, Nuttall. N. American Sylva, I., 58, 1819.

S. lancifolia, Anders. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. VII., 402.

S. ludda, var. macrophylla, Anders. De Candolle, Prodr. XVI.2 206.

Along the banks' of the Columbia at Donald, and in the valleys of
Six Mile Creek and Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains ; also in
the valley of the Thompson at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)
Collected on Vancouver Island and in the valley of Fraser Eiver, B.C.
(Fletcher.}

(2027.) S. longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Willow.

S. rubra, Eich. App., 37.

S. longifolia, var. pedicellata, Anders. Macoun in Geol. Rep. Canada,

1875-76, 210.

Banks of St. Lawrence, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) In alluvium along
river banks and on islands in rivers and lakes ; shore of Eice -Lake,
Ont. (Macoun.} Along the Thames Eiver at London, Ont. ; and
along the Eed Eiver at Emerson, Man., also on the Turtle Mountain,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.) In river bottoms in the southern part of Alberta,
and along Old Man Eiver, foot-hills of Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
A common willow in all river bottoms throughout the prairie region
and northward to Lake Athabasca, and westward to northern British
Columbia. It is abundant on every part of the Saskatchewan, and
ascends the Bow Eiver far within the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
From Canada to the Mackenzie Eiver. (Richardson.') At Jasper's
Lake, near Jasper House in the Eocky Mountains. On drifting sands,
growing in tufts. (Drummond.~)

Var. argyrophylla, Anders.

& argophylla, Nuttall, Sylva, L, 75.

In same localities with the type, but more abundant in the dry
prairie region. Swift Current Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Along
the Athabasca at Fort Assiniboine and at Clinton, B.C. (Macoun.)

(2028.) S. lucida, Willd. Shining Willow.

A widely spread and easily distinguished willow, found in ditches and
swamps from the Atlantic to the Eocky Mountains. In wet places at
Whycocogmah, Cape Breton, and at Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.)
Eather common, Kouchibouguac, N.B. (Fowler's Gat.) Eather common
in ditches and wet places along the banks of the Eiver Eouge, Q.
(DJ Urban.) Common around Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Not rare
around Ottawa. (Fletcher FL Ott.) Swampy river bank, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Common in ditches and swamps, and by brooks, from Ottawa
westward through Ontario and westward to Canmore within the

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 451

Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°, and northward to Lake Athabasca.
(Macoun.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.) Hill
River, Hudson Bay. (It. Sell) Old Man River, base of Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Throughout Canada and from Lake Huron
to the Saskatchewan and Jasper's Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
54°, and as far north as Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River.
(Richardson & Drummond.)

(2029.) S. myrtilloides, Linn. Myrtle Willow.

S. pedicettaris, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 150.

Peat and other cold bogs, from the Atlantic to the Coast Range, B.C.
In bogs, Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} In peat bogs, summit of
Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, Gaspe*. (Macoun.) Marsh near
Frescott Junction, Ont. (Billings.') In tamarack and other swamps,
Hasting Co., Ont. ; cold peat bog, Red Rock, Lake Superior. Marshes
at the mouth of the Kaministiquia, and near Port Arthur, and in bogs
at Rainy Lake. (Macoun.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M.
Macoun.) Near Lonely Lake, and on the Echimanish River, Hudson
Bay. (M. Sell.) Saskatchewan to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) In bogs, north-west of Edmonton, and near
Lesser Slave Lake ; also in the valley of Bow River, near Gleichen,
and in the valley of Eraser River at Quesnel, B. C. (Macoun.)
Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Eastern British America,
north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

(2030.) S. nigra, Hook. Fl. II., 149.

S. Caroliniana, Michx. FL II., 226.

S. Houstoniana, Pursh, Fl. I., 614.

S. falcata, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 149.

(?) S. amUgua, Pursh, FL I., 617.

S. ligustrina, Michx. N. American Sylva, II., 212, 1819.

S. nigra, var. falcata, Gray, Man., 417, 1858.

Not uncommon in low grounds along streams or lake margins.
Harris Cove, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) About Quebec. (Mrs. Cleghorn.)
Vicinity of Ottawa. (Fletcher Fl. Oft.) Common in low grounds at
Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In the neighborhood of Hamilton, Ont.
(Logie.) Rich river flats at London, and on sandy soil, Pelee Point,
Essex Co., Ont. (Burgess.) Not uncommon on alluvium in river
valleys from Kingston westward, on the borders of marshes, Bay of
Quinte and many places along Lake Ontario. Moist places at Queen-
stoQ, both along the river and railway, also abundant at Port Colborne
and westward along both Lakes Erie and St. Glair. Small trees are not
uncommon in the Kaministiquia valley west of Lake Superior.
(Macoun.) Valley of Maple Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson & J. M. Macoun.)
8

452 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(2031.) S. Novse-Angliae, Anders. Sal. Monog., 160. Var.

pseudo-myrsinites, Anders.

Bocky Mountains. (Drummond & Bouryeau.) Grand Eapid of 'the
Saskatchewan. {Herb. Hooker.) Lake of the Woods. (Dr. Bell.)

Yar. pseudo-cordata, Anders.

Saskatchewan. (Bourgeau.) Jasper House. (Burke.) Mackenzie
River. (Richardson.) Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

Var. myrtillifolia, Anders.
Eocky Mountains. (Herb. Hooker.)

(2032.) S. orbicularis, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI*, 300.
Sitka and Ounalaska. (Herb. Gray.)

(2033.) S. ovalifolia, Traut. Anders. D.C. Prod.-XVF, 291.

S. Uva-ursi, Seeman, Voy. of " Herald."

S. myrtilloides, f. 4, Charuisso, Linnsea, 6, 539.

S. Unalaskaensis, Chamisso, 1. c., 541.

Western arctic America, near Behring Strait. (Seeman.) Point
Barrow, Alaska. (Prof. Murdoch) Kotzebue Sound, Cape Espenberg
and Island of Ounlashka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(2034.) S. Pallasii, Anders. DC. Prod. XVI2, 285. Var. cras-

sijulis, Anders.
S. crassijulis, Traut. Sal. frigida, 308.

Ounalaska. (Kellogg & Eschscholtz.) Nushagak. (C. L. McKay.)
Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

Var. diplodyctya, Anders.

S. diplodyctya, Traut. Sal. frigid, 307.

Forms from Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait, collected by Dr.
Bell, are doubtfully referred here. Island of St. Lawrence. (Rothr.
Alask.)

(2035.; S. prolixa, Anders.

Not uncommon around Victoria, Vancouver Island, also in the
valley of Thompson Eiver, at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Macoun.)

(2036.) S. phlebophylla, Anders.

S. arctic a, var. buxifolia, Ledeb. Fl. Ross, 3, 669.
S. retusa, Hook. Fl. II., 153.

Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PI.)
Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 453

Ounalashka, island of St. Lawrence, and Kotzebue Sound. (Rothr.
Alask.) Point Barrow. (Prof. Murdock, U.S.N.)

(2037.) S. polaris, Wahl.

Wainwright Inlet, Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.) Islands north of Lan-
caster Sound, the Parry Islands, and Melville Island, in the Arctic
Ocean. (Hook. Arct. PL)

(2038.) S. phyllicoides, Anders.
Avatscha Bay, western arctic America. (Rothr. Alask.)

(2039.) S. petiolaris, Smith.
S. fuscata, Pursh, Fl. I., 612.

Sandy river banks, either rare or generally overlooked. Petitcodiac,
KB. (Brittain.) St. Stephen, KB. ( Vroom.) Vicinity of Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Very common at Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) Banks
of the Moira at Belleville, and in numerous places in Northumberland
Co., Ont. (Macoun.) Low grounds at London, Ont., and at Emerson,
on the Eed Eiver, Man. (Burgess.) Lake Winnipeg and the Saskat-
chewan. (Richardson.) Kot uncommon in the neighborhood of
Edmonton, KW.T. (Macoun.)

Var. gracilis, Anders. Sal. Monog. 109.

S. gracilis, Anders. Sal. Bor. Amer. 22.

S. rosmarinifolia, Pursh. Hook. Fl. II., 148.

Saskatchewan. (Richardson, Drummond & Bourgeau.)

(2040.) S. PURPUREA, Linn. Purple "Willow.
S. Lambertiana, Pursh, Fl. I., 611.

Billings' Bridge, three miles from Ottawa. (J. M. Macoun.) Not
uncommon on Toronto Island, and between Niagara town and Queen-
ston. (Macoun.)

(2041.) S. rostrata, Eich. Livid Willow.

S. livida, var. occidentalis, Gray. Macoun's Cat. No. 1653.
Our most common species, and one that is very largely collected in
every part of the country. In thickets at Salt Lake, Anticosti ; and
at Halifax, Windsor, Annapolis, Yarmouth, and Truro, N.S. (Macoun.)
Frequent at Pictou, N. S. (McKay.) Very common in New Bruns-
wick. (Fowler's Cat.) Abundant throughout Quebec and Ontario and
westward across the continent to the Coast Eange in British Columbia.
(Macoun.) From Hudson Bay to the prairies of the Eocky Mountains
and north to Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie. (Richardson & Drum-
mond.)

454 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(2042.) S. reticulata, Linn.

Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, Digge's, Mansfield
and Nottingham Islands, Hudson Strait ; also along the east coast
of Hudson Bay. (R. Sell.') Summit of Mount Albert, Shick-
shock Mountains, Gaspe. (Macoun.) Fort Franklin to the arctic
shores and islands. (Richardson.) York Factory, Hudson Bay.
(Drummond,.) Labrador. (Morrison.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)
Ounalashka, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Lisburne and arctic coast. (Rothr.
Alask.) Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle, and
Greenland. (Hook. Arct. PI.)

Yar. nival is, Hook.

Near the summits on the peaks of the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 52°-56°.
(Drummond.) Near the snow line on all the higher mountains, from
Canmore to the Selkirk summit on the line of the Canadian Pacific
Kail way, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) North-west Branch of North Fork of
Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(2043.) S. Richardson!, Hooker.

Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.) Kotzebue
Sound to Cape Lisburne. (Rothr. Alask.)

(2044.) S. Sitchensis, Sanson.
S. cuneata, Nuttall, Sylva I., 66.

Abundant at New Westminster in the Fraser River valley and at
Quesnel, B.C. (Macoun.) In thickets, neighborhood of Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.) From Alaska southward, along the coast. (Sargent.)
Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.) Lake
Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.) Nusha-
gak, Alaska. (C. L. McKay.)

Yar. angustifolia, Bebb.

S. chlorophylla, var. pellita, Anders.

Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)
Rather common in northern British Columbia at Stuart's Lake and
Fort McLeod, Lat. 55°. (Macoun.)

(2045.) S. sessilifolia, Nuttall.
Collected in the valley of the Fraser River, B. C. (Fletcher.)

(2046.) S. speciosa, Hook. & Arn.

Fort Norman and Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River. (Richard-
son.) On the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond.)
Kotzebue Sound. (Beechey.) Eastern British America, north of the
arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PL) Nushagak, Alaska. (<7. L. McKay.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 455

(2047.) S. sericea, Marshall. Silky Willow.

S. grisea, Willd.
Collected at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) We have seen no specimens.

(2048.) S. tristis, Ait.

Collected at Halifax, N.S. (Sommers.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf of
St. Lawrence. (McKay.') We have seen no specimens.

(2049.) S. VIMINALIS, Linn. Basket Osier.

Arichat, Cape Breton, and Halifax, N.S. (Allen.) Cultivated in a
few places, N.B. (Fowler's Oat.) In a few places at Belleville and
near Toronto. (Macoun.)

(2050.) S. vestita, Pursh.

Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (H. Sell.)
South-west Point, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Wet clefts of rocks in a
deep ravine, altitude 2,800-3,200 feet, Table Top Mountain, GaspS.
(Allen.) Cr evices of rocks, Lake Mistassini. (McOuat & J. M. Macoun.)
Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) Abundant in all elevated situations in the Eocky and
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the more elevated of the
Eocky Mountains. (Drummond.)

(2051.) S. Uva-ursi, Pursh.

S. Uva-Ursi, Hook. Fl. II., 152.

S. Cutleri, Tuckerm. in Sillim. Journal, 45, 36.

Labrador. (Kohlmeister.) Mount Albert, near the summit, and
Dead Islands, Labrador. (Allen.) Hudson Bay. (Dr. Wright.)
Woody country between Lat. 54°-64°. (Richardson.)

(2052.) S. lanata, Linn.

Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle, and Greenland.
(Hook. Arct. PI.)

Note.

In determining the willows, we have had the assistance of M. S.
Bebb, Esq., Eockford, Illinois, who has made a special study of the
North American species. All specimens collected by Dawson, Fletcher,
Burgess, Vroom, Bell and myself, have been submitted to him, and our
determinations either confirmed or corrected. The synonymy is far
from perfect, but it is the best we could do with the materials at hand.
Collectors would confer a favor by gathering fruiting specimens in all
parts of the country.

456 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

558. POPULUS, Linn. (POPLAR.)

(2053.) P. tremuloides, Michx. Aspen.

P. trepida, Willd. Pursh. Fl. L, 618.

One of the most widely distributed of the deciduous trees. It is
found on all dry slopes from Newfoundland and Labrador throughout
the northern forest region to Alaska. It constitutes the " bluffs "
and copse wood scattered over the prairie region, and is a fine
large tree in the southern part of the sub-arctic forest. Although it
is always found on the dry slopes in the north, in Ontario it more
frequently grows on wet than on dry soil.

(2054.) P. grand identa, Michx. Large-toothed Aspen.

Eather common in many places in Nova Scotia, mixed with aspen.
(Mdcoun.) Vicinity of Pictou, N. S> (McKay?) Quite common in
New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.} A common tree in Quebec and
Ontario, but usually taken for aspen. It generally grows on sandy
soil, intermixed with young pines.

(2055.) P. balsamifera, Linn. Balsam Poplar.

This tree, in habit, differs very much from the aspen, but in its
range it extends even further north, and instead of being of little value,
as the aspen is, it attains a great size and height, as far north
as the arctic circle on the Mackenzie River. West of Manitoba
and northward, it is usually found growing on alluvium in the river
valleys, and in such situations it is often nearly 150 feet high, and
frequently over seven feet in diameter. On the Peace River and
all streams which unite to form the Mackenzie, it occupies all the
islands arid low alluvial banks. During the period of flood many trees
fall into the rivers by the wearing away of the banks, and a great
number of them in the course of time reach the Arctic Ocean. These
are eventually cast on the islands and shores, and become the chief
source from which is derived the fuel supply of arctic travel-
lers. The same may be said of the Youcon valley in Alaska, as it is
this tree that occupies the valley and islands of that river on all newly
formed lands, but in time gives place to spruce as the sub-soil
becomes cold and moist from the density of the poplar and willow
growth.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 45*7

Var. candicans, Gray.

P. candicans, Ait. Pursh. Fl. I., 618.

Planted for ornament in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Vicinity
of Campbellton, N. B. (Chalmers.} Apparently wild in the neighbor-
hood of Pictou, N.S. Both petioles and upper surface of the leaves
hairy. In Ontario this variety seems to be the prevailing form, if the
hairy petiole and veins of the upper surface of the leaf constitute, with
the heart-shaped, short pointed leaves, the separating characters.
(Macoun.} One small tree detected below Niagara Falls, on the Cana-
dian side, near the water's edge. Probably of natural growth. (David
F. Day.}

(2056.) P. angustifolia, James. Black Cotton wood.

P. balsamifera, var. angustifolia, Wat. Macoun's Cat. No. 1675.

In the south-western part of the prairie region along the Milk and
Belly rivers and their tributaries, near Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) Common
in the Bow Eiver valley from the Blackfoot Crossing to the Rocky
Mountains. Easily known by its very nai'row long pointed leaves.
(Macoun.}

(205*7.) P. trichocarpa, Torr. & Gray.

P. balsamifera. var. Hook. Fl. II., 154.

P. balsumifera, Lyall. in Jour. Linnsean Soc. VII., 134.

Common in the Columbia valley at Donald, and westward through
the low valleys of the Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.} Valley of the
Fraser Eiver and probably further north. (Sargent.} There is some
difficulty in separating this tree (a western form), from P. monilifera
and P. balsamifera in the northern and north-eastern part of British
Columbia. While it certai nly occurs in the valley of the Lower Fraser
we have no notice of its occurrence along the river above Yale.
(Dawson.}

(2058.) P. monilifera, Aiton. Cottonwood.

P. angulata, Ait. Pursh. Fl. I., 619.

P. Ixvigata, Ait. Pursh. Fl. I., 619.

P. angtdosa, Michx. Fl. II., 243.

P. Canadensis, Michx, N. American Sylva II. Ill, 1819.

Ste. Anne, Champlain Co., and Lotbiniere, Q. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity
of Montreal, 1821. (Holmes.) At Billings Bridge, and other places
along the Eideau, near Ottawa. (Fletcher.) In ditches along the
Grand Trunk railway for its whole length in Ontario. All young
trees produced from western seed, carried by the cars. Large trees in

458 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

old fields at Belleville, also on Presqu'ile Point, Lake Ontario, and
sand along the lake and river shores throughout Ontario. (Macoun.)
Sandy shore, Point Pelee, Lake Erie, Essex Co., Ontario. (Burgess.}
Bather common in all the river valleys throughout the prairie region
from the Red River westward to the base of the Rocky Mountains
At " Big Stick " Lake, north of the Cypress Hills, there was a grove
of these trees of a very large size in existence in 1880. These had
escaped the annual prairie fires, being surrounded and partly cov-
ered up by sand, and stood as a proof of the existence of forests in the
past, where now there is not even a bush. The trees were over 50
feet high, and some of them at least two feet in diameter.

Note.

Populous alba (Abele Tree), and P. dilatata (Lombardy Poplar), are
quite common throughout the older settlements. The former is very
difficult to eradicate when once established, owing to the great number
of offsets that spring from the roots.

XCIX. EMPETRACE.E. CROW-BERRY FAMILY.

559. EMPETRUM, Linn. (CROW-BERRY.)

(2059.) E. nigrum, Linn. Black Crow-berry.

Newfoundland, Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador, Cape Chudleigh,
Digge's and Nottingham Islands, Hudson Strait. (B. Bell.) Pictou,
Arisaig, and Magdalen Islands, N. S. (McKay '.) Abundant in all
peat bogs and on "Bake Apple" barrens in Nova Scotia and Cape
Breton. (Lawson & Sommers.} Hillocks in bogs, common. Rocky
banks, Bay of Chaleurs. (Fowler's Cat.~) Dalhousie, N:B. (Fletcher.}
On islands in the Gulf ' of St. Lawrence ; Anticosti, and many
points on the river St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.} Along the north shore
of Lake Superior, and at Port Arthur, west of the lake. Thence
it takes a north-westerly direction and is found in peat bogs, on
exposed rocks along lake shores, and on barren grounds to the Pacific
Ocean and Arctic Sea. This is the chief article of food for young
geese in the north, and large flocks of both old and young have been
seen by the writer feeding upon its berries on Anticosti.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 459

560. COREMA, Don. (BROWN CROW-BERRY.)

(2060.) C. Con radii, Torrey.

On rocks, Newfoundland. (Gray.) Near Bedford, and North-west
Arm, Halifax, N. S. (Lindsay & Sommers.) Wilmot, Annapolis, N.S.
(How.} Common on rocky ledges, North-west Arm, Halifax, and
very abundant on sand at Kingston on the Windsor and Annapolis
railway. (Burgess & Macoun.)

C. CEKATOPHYLLE^E. HORN-WORT FAMILY.

561. CERATOPHYLLUM, Linn. (HORNWORT.)

(2061.) C. demersum, Linn.

Not rare, but seldom collected. Ponds and slow streams at Ottawa.
(Fletcher Fl. Ott.) Vicinity of Montreal, and at Maiden, Ont. (Mac-
lagan.') Common in the St. Lawrence at Prescott. (Billings.) Gren-
adier Pond, near Toronto. (A. Fowler.) Abundant in the Bay of
Quinte and in still water in all the rivers of Ontario and lake expan-
sions on them ; head of the canal at the Sault Ste. Marie, and west-
ward to the head of Lake Winnipegoosis near Point Wilkins. (Macoun.)

CI. CONIFEE^}. PINE FAMILY.

562. THUYA, Linn. (ARBOR-VITXE.)

(2062.) T. occidentalis, Linn. White Cedar.

Widely distributed in Quebec and Ontario, where it forms extensive
" swamps " in hollows where springs abound. Another favorite haunt
is river banks, where its roots can enter the crevices and obtain mois-
ture, although no earth may cover the bare rock. Very rare in Nova
Scotia. In a swamp within three miles of Annapolis, but said to grow
on the Bay of Fundy side of North Mountain, near that place.
(Macoun.) Common throughout New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.)
On the route from Lake St, John to Lake Mjstassini it reaches, as a

460 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

fair-sized tree, to within twenty miles of the lake ; at the Hudson Bay
Co.'s Post it appears as a small shrub, and is wholly wanting on
Eupert Eiver. (J. M. Macoun,} It is found at Eupert House,
James Bay, and in the neighborhood of Moose Factory. The northern
limit crosses the Albany at some distance from the sea, and continues
westward to a point about seventy-five miles south-west of Trout Lake,
where it turns south-west and reaches the southern extremity of Lake
Winnipeg, thence it turns south to the United States boundary. (R.
Bell.} A few trees are found near the mouth of the Saskatchewan,
and the last of it is seen on Cedar Lake, in that river, in lat. 53°.30'.
(Cochrane.)

(2063.) T. gigantea, Nuttall. Western White Cedar.

T. plicata, Don. Nuttall Sylva, III., 103.
T. Menziesii, Douglas. Gordon Pinetum, 323.

This is one of the finest trees of Western America, both as regards
height and diameter. On the line of the Canadian Pacific Eailway it
first appears as a shrub on the mountains about Kicking Horse Lake,
at an altitude of 6,000 feet, going westward down the valley of the
Kicking Horse it soon becomes a small tree, but in the Columbia val-
ley is rather scarce until about ten miles below Donald, where it forms
large groves, and in the valleys of Beaver Creek and the Illecillewaet,
in the Selkirk Mountains it reaches a height of over 150'feet, with a
diameter of frequently over ten feet. (Macoun.'} It occurs abund-
antly and well-grown in the lower parts of the lateral valleys of the
Colurnbia-Kootanie valley, on the north-east side, south of the Kicking
Horse, but does not descend into the last-named great valley, which has
a comparatively dry climate. In British Columbia this tree abounds
along the coast and lower parts of the rivers of the Coast Eange, north-
ward to Alaska, but is unknown in the dry central plateau, yet it
appears abundantly on the slopes of the Selkirk and Gold Eanges. On
the Salmon Eiver the cedar ceases at forty-five miles from the head of
Dean Inlet, at an elevation of 2,400 feet, though, like the hemlock, it
is again found sparingly, and in a stunted form in the lower part of
the Iltasyouco valley, east of the range. On the Homathco it ceases
at a distance of sixty-three miles from the coast at an elevation of
2,720 feet. On the Uz-tli-hoos it ends, with the hemlock, at about six
miles above Boston Bar ; on the Coquihalla, just south of the summit
between that river and the Cold water. Cedars are also found sparingly
on the Skaist Eiver, or east branch of the Skagit, and a few were
observed on the banks of the Similkameen, about thirteen miles below
Vermilion Forks. It extends westward from the flanks of the Gold
Eange, in the Coldstream valley, sparingly, to within eight miles of

461

the head of Okanagan Lake. It abounds round the shores of the
north-eastern part of Shuswap Lake, and in the North Thompson val-
ley, to about twenty miles below the mouth of the Clearwater. It is
said that there is a grove of trees of this species on the Fraser below
Fort George, and Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1793) found it growing,
in company with the hemlock, at the head waters of the Parsnip. It
also occurs in the valley of the Quesnel. (Daivson.')

(2064.) T. excelsa, Bongard. Yellow Cypress.

Cupressus Nutkaemis, Hook. Fl. II., 165. Macoun's Cat. No. 1705.
Chamiecyparis Nutkaensis, Spach. Nutt. Sylya III., 105.

This tree is closely confined to the vicinity of the coast and adja-
cent islands. It is also found about Burrard Inlet, on the slopes of the
mountains, several hundred feet above the sea level. On Silver Moun-
tain, near Yale, Mr. Sargent describes a few large trees as occurring at
4,000 feet elevation, and many smaller ones extending up to 5,500 feet.
Further north it descends to the coast. It also occurs in the interior
of Vancouver Island, being found sparingly on the shores of the
Nimpkish or Karmutzen Lake, and generally on plateaux and mountains
a short distance inland on the northern part of the island. It reaches
the sea-level in the northern part of Queen Charlotte Sound, and is
abundant in some parts of Queen Charlotte Islands, particularly on
the west coast. It sometimes exceeds six feet in diameter. (Dawson.~)
Sitka, south along the islands and coast ranges of British Columbia.
(Sargent.} Sitka and Southern Alaska. (Rothr. Alask.}

(2065.) T. sphaeroidea, Sprengel. White Cedar.

Cupressfus thycddes, Linn. Michaux Fl. II., 208. Proc. Nov. Scot. Inst.

Vol. IV., Pt II., 209.
Chamsccyparis sphaeroidea, Spach. . Sargent, Forest Trees N. Am., 1 77.

Cape Breton Island and Three-Mile House, near Halifax, N.S.
(Lawson.} Whether planted or indigenous at the above points we
have no means of determining, but one beautiful tree is growing at
Windsor, Ont., where it was planted many years ago. (Macoun.")

563. JUNIPERUS, Linn. (JUNIPER.)

(2066.) J. occidentalis, Hook. Western Eed Cedar.
/. excdsa, Pursh, Fl. I., 647.
J". Virginiana, Linn. Macoun's Geol. Sur. Eep. 1875-76.

Without hesitation, I place all our western "red cedar" under this
species, because it differs both in leaves, wood and fruit from the east-

462 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

*

ern form. Not uncommon, in bogs, in the Columbia valley, near
Donald, and in an old beaver-meadow at the mouth of Beaver Creek,
thirteen miles below Donald, B.C. (Macoun.) On rocky soil along
the shores of Kamloops, Fran§ois and other lakes, and elsewhere, with
a diameter of about one foot. Not infrequent on rocky points on
Vancouver Island and small islands in the Gulf of Georgia. (Dawson.)

(2067.) J. Virginiana, Linn. Red Cedar.

J. Barbadensis, Michx. Fl. II., 246.

Partridge Island, Parsboro, N.S. (How.) Rather uncommon at
Ottawa, but extending both above and below the city. (Fletcher, FL
Ott.) This species is confined in Ontario to rocky river banks, ascend-
ing all the rivers entering the St. Lawrence and great lakes between
Montreal and Parry Sound. Very abundant in the Bay of Quinte dis-
trict, covering large areas alojig its shores, even at the present time.
Although ascending the rivers for many miles, it is never found away
from their rocky shores, and on the Niagara peninsula, where it is still
tolerably abundant, it delights in rocky soil. (Macoun.) Port Col-
borne, Point Abino and Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.') Sandy and
rocky ground, Kingston, and at Niagara Falls, Ont. (Burgess.*) This
tree crosses the St. Lawrence about mid-way between Montreal and
Lake Ontario, and reaches Lake Huron at Parry Sound. (R.

(2068.) J. corn munis, Linn. Common Juniper.

This species, under either its common or alpine form, is found from
the bleak rocks of Labrador to the coast of the Pacific. At one time
on an exposed shore, at another on a mountain top, beside the cat-
ract, and again on the shore of a lonely lake, it greets the wanderer
wherever he may be, and yet it is nowhere abundant. On Point
Pleasant, Halifax, N.S. ; also Sydney, Cape Breton Island. (Lawson &
How.} Dry pastures and barren hills, St. John Co., N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} Charlotte, King's Co., N.B. (Hay.*) Frequent on the shores
of the St. Lawrence River and Gulf from the Island of Orleans to the
Straits of Belle Isle. (St. Cyr.) Throughout Ontario and west-
ward across the prairie to the Rocky Mountains, where it assumes the
next form. (Macoun.) North fork of Old Man River, foothills,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.*) In the most exposed and sterile situa-
tions. (Hooker.)

Var. alpina, Linn.

/. nana, Willd. Rothr. Alask. 455.

J. communis, var. nana, Hook. Fl. II., 165.

Very few collectors separate this form from the preceding, and we

•CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 463

are uncertain of its range. Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.} Sum-
mit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains, G-asp^ ; Blackfoot Cross-
ing. Bow Eiver, Alberta ; also mountain woods from Silver City, in
Rocky Mountains, westward to the summit of the Selkirk Mountains,
Lat. 51°, B. C. (Macoun). South Kootanie and North Kootanie
Passes, Rocky Mountains. (Daivson.) Sitka. (Rothr. Alask.)

(2069.) J. Sabina, L.var. procumbens, Pursh. Creeping Juniper.

J. Sabina, var. /?. humilis, Hook. Fl. II., 166.
J.prostrata, Pers. Rich. App. 38.
Oupressus thyoides, Hook. Fl. II., 165.

Abundant on exposed slopes and river banks from Anticosti, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, across the prairie region
to the summit of the Eocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake. In
the east it is usually found along rivers and lakes, creeping down the
banks or lying flat on the sand or rocks ; on the other hand, on the
prairie, it often covers wide areas of level, sandy ground, to the almost
total exclusion of other vegetation.

564. TAXUS, Linn. (YEW.)

(2070.) T. brevifolia, Nutt. Western Yew.

T. laccata, Hook. Fl. II., 167, in part.

T. Lindleyana, Murray, Lawson Cat. 1855, 15.

This tree occurs on Vancouver Island, and on the shores of the main-
land adjacent, attaining sometimes a diameter of two feet. It is found
as large as eighteen inches in diameter on the Fraser, as far up as
Chapman's Bar, near the Suspension Bridge. It also occurs on the
Coquihalla, for twenty miles above Hope, and is found on the Lower
Skeena. Not found, or very sparingly, on Queen Charlotte Islands.
(Dawson.') Forming much of the underwood in woods west of the
Columbia and up Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains, at an altitude
of 3,500 to 4,000 feet. This may be the next species. (Macoun.')

(20*71.) T. baccata, L. var. Canadensis, Gray. American Yew.

T. baccata, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 167.

T. Canadensis, Willd. Pursh. Fl. I, 647.

T. baccata, var. minor. Michx. Fl. II., 245.

Eather common in cool, damp woods in many parts of the forest
country, extending from Newfoundland, Anticosti and Nova Scotia,
where it is abundant, through New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario ;
on the shore of Lake Huron it often forms impenetrable thickets, and

464 , GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

acts as an excellent wind-break along the Bruce Peninsula; passing to
the west, it still continues abundant north of Lake Superior and at
least to Lake Winnipeg. (Macoun.} Collected on Nelson Eiver and
at York Factory. (R. Bell.}

565. PINUS, Linn. (PINE.)

(2072.) P. Strobus, Linn. White Pine.

One of our most valuable and widely spread trees, extending from
Newfoundland, Anticosti, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through-
out Quebec and Ontario, and reaching nearly to Lake Winnipeg. Dr.
Bell places its eastern limit on the north shore of the St. Lawrence at
Mingan ; thence it passes westerly and northerly round the head
of Lake St. John, and, still keeping to the north, is found on the head
waters of the Moose River. In the country north of Lake Superior it
is very scarce ; in fact, has no existence on the line of the Pacific
Railway, and only a few trees occur on Nipigon River. (Macoun.~)
It is scattered over the country between Lake Superior and the Winni-
peg River and around Lonely Lake, but is of rather small size. In
approaching Lake Winnipeg, the limiting line of the tree curves to the
south-westward, and crosses the Winnipeg River about fifteen miles
above Fort Alexander, and then runs south to Lat. 49°, a little east of
Red River. (R.

(20*73.) P. monticola, Douglas. Western White Pine.

P. Strobw, var. monticola. Nutt. Sylva III., 118.
P. porphyrocarpa, Lawson. Pinetum Brit. L, 8.
P. Strobus, Hook. Fl. II., 161, in part.

Passing west on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the
Rocky Mountains, this tree is first met with on the slopes of the Col-
umbia valley, near Donald. Thence westward, it becomes more
plentiful along Beaver Creek, in the Selkirk Mountains, but never
very common, although becoming a fine tall tree on the mountain sides.
(Macoun.} This tree is found on the Hope-Similkameen trail, some
miles beyond the summit, on the Sumallow, about the summit between
the Coquihalla and Coldwater, on the Hope-Nicola trail, and to the
west bank of the Spioos at the trail-crossing. On the^Homathco River
it disappears at fifty-one miles from the sea, at an elevation of 2,235
feet. It reappears in the region of heavy rainfall of the Gold Range,
being abundant at Cherry Creek and on the shores of the Great
Shuswap and Adam's' Lake. Sparingly in the valley of the Tobacco
River and other streams south of the Kicking Horse and north-east of

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 465

the Columbia-Kootanie valley. In certain districts of the interior of
Vancouver Island this tree is abundant, and is found in all parts of the
southern portions of the Coast Range where there is an abundant rain-
fall. It has not been observed on Queen Charlotte Islands, though it
may exist there. (Dawson.)

(20*74.) P. flexilis, James. Eocky Mountain Pine.

A few trees are found along the Bow Eiver, on both sides, from a few
miles above Calgary to Morley, and a few others at Kananaskis station,
in the foot-hills of the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Found also in the
eastern and lower part of the South Kootanie Pass, and on tributary
valleys of the Old Man in the foot-hills. Probably also on lateral val-
veys of the Fraser, near Lillooet and elsewhere, though not always
distinguished from the next species. (Dawson.}

(20*75.) P. aibicaulis, Engelm. White-barked Pine.

P. Lambertiana, var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 161.

P. flexilis, Lyall in Jour. Linnaean Soc. VII., 142.

P. flexilis, var. aibicaulis, Engelm. Bot. California II., 124.

On the Eocky Mountains, at an altitude of from 6,000 to *7,OQO feet,
extending westward from Castle Mountain to the summit of the Selkirk
Eange. (Macoun.) "Height of Land," in the Eocky Mountains, Lat.
52°. (Drummond.) Between the Bow Pass and the 49th parallel in the
Eocky Mountains, everywhere ; not uncommon at considerable1 eleva-
tions and near the timber-line. Sweet Grass Hills, Lat. 49°. Obsei'ved
in the Coast Eange of British Columbia as far north as the Iltasyouco
Eiver, Lat. 53°. Occurs in the mountains south of the upper part of
the Dean or Salmon Eiver, within the Coast Eange. On the summit
of Iron Mountain, at the junction of the Cold water and Nicola. Noted
by Mr. Sargent on Silver Mountain, near Yale, at 5,000 feet elevation.
(Dawson.)

(20*76.) P. resinosa, Aiton. Bed Pine.

P. rubra, Michx. N. American Sylva II., 244, 1819.

This tree is not so widely distributed as the white pine, and much
more local, as it delights in the poorest soil, especially that formed by
the Algoma sand formation, lying amongst the Huronian rocks or
forming "plains" to the south of them. Pictou county, N.S.
(McKay.") Very abundant on extensive sandy plains at Kingston, on
the Windsor and Annapolis railway, N. S. (Macoun.) Abundant in
many places in old forests, New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.) Tobique
Eiver, and on the New Brunswick and Canada Eailway, fifty miles
from St. Andrews, N.B. On the upper part of the Patapedia Eiver, in

466 GEOLOGICAL ''SURVEY OF CANADA.

eastern Quebec. (E. Sett.} At Silleiy, near Quebec, and at the
Eiver Pentecote, Q. (St. . Cyr.) At the head of Lake St. John, Q.,
Lat. 48°. (Michaux.} A few trees still exist at Ottawa, but
up the river it is quite plentiful, and in the sandy region around
Chalk Eiver, and west of it, the greater part of the forest growth is of
this species. The Eice Lake plains were chiefly covered with this
tree, as well as all the sandy tracts in Central Ontario. Fine groves
can be seen on the Canadian Pacific railway as far west as Dog Lake,
but after this it becomes rare, and the last one disappears at Birch
Lake, about fifty miles to the west. A few trees appear again on the
Nipigon Eiver, and small groves are found westward of Lake Superior,
to the Lake of the Woods arid "Winnipeg Eiver ; also on sandy ridges
in the Muskeg country west and south-west of the Lake of the Woods.
{Macoun.} Sandy soil around Toronto, and on sand and rock at
Parry Sound, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.}

(2077.) P. ponderosa, Dougl. var. scopulorum, Engelm. in
Bot. California II., 126.

P. rcsinosa, Hook. Fl. II., 161, in part.

P. ponderosa, Dougl. Macoun's Cat. No. 1694. Also, Dawson.

A remarkably handsome tree, characteristic of the central and south-
ern dry region of British Columbia, occurring between the Coast Eanges
and line of the Gold and Selkirk Eanges, from the 49th parallel north-
ward to Latitude 51° 30'; also in the Columbia-Kootanie valley, as far
north as the head of the Upper Columbia Lake. References to occur-
rences east of the Eocky Mountains north of the 49th parallel (Eeport
of Progress, Geological Survey, 1879-80, p. 172 B) not confirmed, and
probably erroneous. On the Similkameen, this tree is found furthest
west three miles above Nine-Mile Creek. On the Coldwater it reaches
to eighteen or twenty miles from the Nicola ; down the Eraser, to
thirty miles above Yale, and northward on the main waggon-road to
" the Chasm," beyond Clinton. It extends for about forty miles up the
North Thompson, is found on the northern slopes of the south-western
arm of the Great Shuswap Lake, and also sparingly on the southern
part of the Salmon arm. West of Okanagan Lake (toward Cherry
Creek), nearly to the Camel's Hump Mountain. (Dawson.)

(2078.) P. contorta, Dougl. Scrub Pine.

P. inops, Hook. Fl. II., 161, in part.

P. Banksiana, Lindley & Gordon, Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 218,
in part.

Everywhere on the coast of British Columbia, but particularly on
sandy dunes and exposed rocky points, where it is frequently gnarled

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 467

and stunted. Where sheltered or growing in dense groves, it assumes
much the habit of the next species. On the Queen Charlotte Islands
it was scarcely seen, except on the western coast, and was not observed
near the water-level on the lower Skeena. (Dawson.*)

(2079.) P. Murray ana, Balfour. Black Pine.

P. contorta, Macoun's Cat. No. 1679, in part.

P. contorta, var. latifolia, Dawson in Canadian Nat., new ser., IX., 328.

P. inops, Hook. Fl. II. , 161, in part.

P. — - Sp. L, Bourg. in Palliser's Report, 260.

On the east side of the Rocky Mountains, this species was first noticed
in the alpine woods between the Athabasca River and Lesser Slave
Lake; thence south ward it is found on the gravelly slopes of the moun-
tains and foot-hills, at an altitude of about 4,000 feet. Fine groves are
found at the western end of the Cypress Hills, but they never descend
more than 500 feet below the summit. On the line of the Canadian
Pacific Railway it is abundant, both in the Bow valley and on the
mountain sides, amongst gravel, especially at Silver City, and west-
ward to Laggan. In the Columbia valley it covers wide areas of poor
soil at Donald, and is seen on all the lower slopes of the mountains on
the east side of the river. (Macoun.) This is the characteristic tree
over the northern part of the interior plateau of British Columbia, and
densely covers great areas. In the southern part of the province it is
found abundantly on parts of the plateau and hills which rise above
the height of 3,500 feet, where the rainfall becomes too great for the
healthy growth of P. ponderosa. It grows also abundantly on the sandy
benches and river-flats at less elevations. Dall states the northern limit
of this tree to be on the Youcon, at Fort Selkirk, Latitude 62°. In the
Peace River region it crosses the Rocky Mountain range, and occurs,
more or less abundantly, over a great area, generally on the higher
plateaux with poor soil. It is replaced by the Banksian pine at the
water-shed between the Athabasca and Saskatchewan, south of Atha-
basca Landing. Abundant southward in the Rocky Mountains to the
49th parallel, and extending into the adjacent foothills. In the interior
of British Columbia it often forms dense groves, the trees being 60 to
even 100 feet in height, but seldom exceeding a diameter of two feet.
It does not extend upward to the timber limit in the Rocky Mountains.
Found also in the Sweet Grass Hills. (Dawson.}

(2080.) P. rigida, Miller. Pitch Pine.

Yalley of the St. John River, New Brunswick, to the northern shores
of Lake Ontario. (Sargent.} I have never seen this tree in any part
of Ontario, except on the Thousand Islands, in the St. Lawrence, near
Alexandria Bay. (Macoun.~)
10

468 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(2081.) P. Banksiana, Lambert. Scrub Pine.

P. sylvestris, var. divaricata, Alton Hort. Kew, III., 366.
P. rupestris, Michx. N. American Sylva II., 250, 1819.

This tree extends from Halifax, in Nova Scotia, north-westerly to the
Athabasca Eiver, near old Fort Assiniboine, and northerly down the
Mackenzie River to the arctic circle. In the east It scarcely forms a
tree, but on the Ottawa, at Petewawa and Chalk Eiver, it is one of
some size. North of Lake Superior, it forms groves of tall trees,
which become taller and finer on the Dawson Route ; westward of
Lake Winnipeg and north of the Saskatchewan, it equals the red
pine of the east in height and diameter. It is so well-grown on
the Clearwater River, north of Methy Portage, that Sir John
Richardson confounded it with P. resinosa in his list of trees and shrubs
of British America. (Macoun.') Starting from the head of the Bay of
Chaleurs, its northern limit seems to be Lake Mistassini, from which
it runs west to the Moose River, keeping about 100 miles south of
James Bay. It does not touch either James or Hudson Bay. (J?. Bell.)
Abundant, though of small size, in most of the country around Lake
Mistassini and down the Rupert River as far as Lake Nemiskow. (,/.
M. Macoun.} Two trees only have been observed near Ottawa, one
found on King's Mountain, Chelsea, P.Q., by Mrs. J. G. Bourinot, and
one near the Mer Bleue at Eastman's Springs. {Fletcher.}

566. PICE A, Link. (SPRUCE.)

(2082.) P. nigra, Link. Black Spruce.

Pinus nigra, Ait. Hook. Fl. II., 163.

P. rubra, Lam. Hook. Fl. IL, 164.

Abies denticulata, Michx. Fl. IL, 206.

A. nigra, Poir. Gray, Man. 471, 1868. Macoun's Cat. No- 1688.

A. rubra, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 211.

A. nigra, var. rubra, Michx. N. America Sylva. 3rd ed., III., 111.

This tree is abundant in Newfoundland and in every part of Canada,
except southern Ontario and the prairie region. It climbs highest on
the Shickshocks, in Gaspe", and creeps the closest of any of our conifers
to the cold waters of the Labrador coast and Arctic Sea. At its north-
ern and southern limit it nearly loses its tree form, becoming in the
north a bush, while in the south, in the deep swamps, it is little larger
than a hop-pole. From Lake Winnipeg, westward, it becomes a mag-
nificent tree, averaging from two to three feet in diameter and rising
to a height of eighty feet. North of the Saskatchewan and south of
Lakes Manitoba and Winnipegoosis, it covers large areas, while in the
Beaver and Athabasca valleys it is even larger, and descends the latter

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 469

stream to Lake Athabasca (Lat. 59°), still maintaining its fine propor-
tions. It is probably a mistake to give the habitat of this species and
the next as being coincident, and to extend the range of the next into
northern Labrador and the barren grounds west of Hudson Bay, as all
specimens of spruce obtained from Labrador and the far north are this
species. (Macoun.') Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and throughout
Canada to Lat. 65°, where it terminates with Betula papyracea.
(Richardson.) Very likely a common tree in Northern British Colum-
bia, having been observed on the Blackwater and other rivers up to
Lat. 55°. (Dawson.} •

(2083.) P. alba, Link. White Spruce.

Pinus alba, Poir. Hook. Fl. II., 163.

Abies alba, Poir. Michx. Fl. II., 207. Macoun's Cat. No. 1689.

Abies rubra, var. cserulea, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London,

V., 211.
Abies arctica, Murray in Sullann's Jour. Bot. V., 253 and 69.

This species is easily recognized and separated from the preceding
by the difference of the cones. In the former they are quite short, sel-
dom an inch long, and the scales are eroded and deep purple, even
when quite old. On the other hand, this species has narrow, drooping
cones, never under an inch in length, and the scales pale straw-color or
brown at maturity. Eegarding the distribution, I can only say that
Sir John Eichardsou and Prof. Sargent assert that this species is really
the northern one, while I, on the other hand, hold the contrary opinion.
I have specimens from Truro, N.S., from G-aspe", from Nipigon, north
of Lake Superior, from various points on the prairie, and from the
foot hills and lower slopes of the Eocky Mountains, but not one from
north of the Saskatchewan, except Dr. Dawson's, from the Athabasca ;
all the specimens from that quarter and northern British Columbia
being most decidedly black spruce. In habit, this tree is totally dif-
ferent from P. nigra. While the latter loves damp localities, this
species prefers comparatively dry woods and is found mixed with pop-
lar, birch, and other trees. On the prairies, it is found on sand-hills
and dry slopes of river banks, and this being the case, it is not reason-
able to expect it to take to cold and damp localities in the north, when,
reasoning from the habits of others, we should expect it to affect even
drier situations. Time will settle all these points, but no reliance should
be placed on any statement not founded on examination of the fruit.
Without doubt, this species, ranges from Newfoundland, Anticosti,
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario, west-
ward to the forest limit of Manitoba. In the prairie region it is found
on the sand-hills bordering the first prairie steppe. Occasional trees
are met with in the Saskatchewan valley, and in the ravines of the

470 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Cypress Hills are numerous small groves. It ascends the Bow Eiver
from Calgary, and becomes intermixed with P. Engelmanni at Silver
City, within the Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.*) On the Athabasca in
Latitude 54° 7' 34", Longitude 118° 48'. (Dawson.) Throughout Nova
Scotia and Canada, to within twenty miles of the Arctic Sea, and on
the Coppermine Eiver ; in Lat. 67J0 it attains a height of twenty
feet or more. (Richardson.)

(2084.) P. Engelmanni, Engelm. Engelmann's Spruce.

Abies nigra, Engelmann in Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd series, XXXIII., 330.
A. Engelmanni, Parry. Macoun's Cat. No. 1694.

This species is first met with in the Bow Eiver valley, on the line of
the Canadian Pacific Eailway, about the Cascade Mountain, but does
not completely supersede P. alba until we pass Castle Mountain.
At Laggan and all points westward it is the only spruce, and at Kick-
ing Horse Lake there are groves containing many fine trees. In the
Columbia valley and all valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, it grows to
a great size, often being four feet in diameter and having an average
height of over 150 feet. It is more a tree of the valleys than of the
mountains, seldom ascending above 6,000 feet. It is possible that
another species which we now refer to P. alba, belongs here. (Macoun.)
This tree appears to characterize the interior plateau and eastern
part of the Province of British Columbia, with the exception of the
dry southern portion of the former, and forms dense groves in the
mountains. It borders nearly all the streams and swamps in the
northern portion of British Columbia between about 2,500 and 3,500
feet elevation, and forms dense groves in the valleys of the Eocky
Mountains. In the north-eastern part of British Columbia, varieties
occur which, according to Prof. Engelmann, who has examined my
specimens, are indistinguishable from P. alba, and in some places in
the Peace Eiver basin these varieties preponderate. Specimens col-
lected on the Peace Eiver plateau (Lat. 55° 46' 54", Long. 120', altitude
2,600 feet), are still referrable to P. Engelmanni, but trees on the Atha-
basca (Lat. 54° 7' 34", Long. 118° 48') belong to P. alba. The north-
ern and north-eastern range of Engelmann's spruce is, therefore,
indeterminate. (Dawson.)

(2085.) P. Sitchensis, Carr. Western Spruce. Menzies' Spruce.

Pinus Sitchensis, Bong. Hook. Fl. II., 164.

Abies Menziefdi, Lindley. Macoun's Cat. No. 1693.

Pinus Menziesii, Douglas. Hook. Fl. II., 162.

Abies Sitchensis, Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 212.

This tree seems to be confined chiefly to the immediate vicinity of
the coast of British Columbia, where it attains a large size, and is, to

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 4*71

some extent, used as lumber. It was, however, observed on the sum-
mit between the Coldwater and Coquihalla Rivers (3,280 feet) ; also
on the Nicolume, a few miles beyond the summit, between that stream
and the Sumallow, and on the west side of the Spioos, near the trail
crossing. It was noted (doubtfully) on the summit between the forks
of the Skeena and Babine Lake. (Dawson.~)

i
567. TSUCA, Carr. (HEMLOCK.)

(2086.) T. Canadensis, Carr. Hemlock.

Pinus Canadensis, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 164.
Abies Canadensis, Desf. Macoun's Cat. No. 1697.

Very abundant on cold soils in many parts of Nova Scotia and New \
Brunswick, and throughout Quebec and Ontario. It is everywhere a
fine large tree, and would be more valued were pine not so. plentiful.
(Macoun.) Its northern limit crosses the St. Lawrence a little below
Quebec, and passes thence to the north end of Lake Temiscamang,
on the Ottawa River, and from there to the eastern extremity of Lake
Superior at Agawa, south of Michipicoten River, (R. Bell.}

(2087.) T. Mertensiana, Carr. "Western Hemlock.
Pinus Mertensiana, Bong. Hook. Fl. II., 164.
P. Canadensis, Bong. var. /?. Hook. Fl. II., 164.
. Abies Mertensiana, Lindl. Macoun's Cat. No. 1691.
A. Albertiana, Murray. Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III., 149.
Pinus Pattoniana, McNab, Proc. Royal Irish Acad., 2nd series, II., 211-212.
Abies Pattonii, McNab in Jour. Linnsean Soc., XIX., 208.

On the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, this tree was noticed
furthest east in the valley of the Columbia, at Donald, but it is, no
doubt, abundant on the mountain slopes about 1,000 feet above the
river. Few of these trees are noticed along Beaver Creek valley, on
the line of the road, until Stony Creek is reached, at an altitude of
3,500 feet. Thence to the Selkirk summit scarcely any other tree
is seen, and ascending the mountain side above this line, anywhere
along Beaver Creek, it is always met with. In the Selkirk Mountains
it is a tall, beautiful tree, over 150 feet high and often very large.
(Macoun.) The hemlock occurs everywhere in the vicinity of the
coast of British Columbia, and extends up the valley of the Fraser and
other rivers to the limit of the region of abundant rainfall. It re-ap-
pears in the Selkirk and Gold ranges, where sufficient moisture for its
growth is again found. The tree attains a large size on the coast,
reaching a height of 200 feet, and yields a good wood, but has not yet

472 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

been much used. On the Queen Charlotte Islands it is particularly
abundant and large. On the Salmon Eiver, running into Dean Inlet,
it is not found in abundance beyond eighteen miles from the sea, at an
elevation of about 600 feet. It occurs again, however, sparingly, on
the lower part of the Iltasyouco Eiver, a tributary of the last, within
the Coast Range. On the Homathco Eiver, flowing into Bute Inlet, it
ceases at fifty-three miles from the sea, at an elevation of 2,320 feet.
On the Uz-tli-hoos (north-east branch of the Anderson, followed by the
trail from Boston Bar to Nicola,) it extends to a point six to ten miles
east of the Fraser ; on the Coquihalla to the summit between that river
and the Coldwater. It is mentioned by Sir A. Mackenzie (Voyages,
p. 223) as occurring at the head-waters of the Parsnip (about Lat.
54° 30'). This is the most northern locality yet known. (Dawson.~)

(2088). T. Pattoniana, Engelm. Hemlock.

Abies Pattoniana. Jeffrey, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad., VII., 402.
A. Hookeriana, Murray. Veitch Man. Conif., 115.
A. Williamsonii, Vasey Cat.' Forest Trees, 33.

Valley of the Fraser Eiver, on Silver Mountain, Yale, and probably
much further north as it is an alpine tree varying from an elevation
of 2,700 feet in British Columbia to 10,000 feet in California.
(Sargent.)

568. PSEUDOTSUCA, Carr. (RED FIR.)

(2089.) P. Douglasii, Carr. Douglas Fir.

Pinus taxifolia, Lambert. Pursh, Fl. I., 640.

Abies Douglasii, Lindley. Macoun's Cat. No. 1692. •

A. mucronata^af. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213.

Pinus Douglasii, Lambert Hook. Fl. II., 162.

Abies Douylasii, var. taxifolia, Gordon, Pinetum, 16.

This tree is found on all parts of Vancouver Island, with the excep-
tion of the exposed western coast, but does not occur on the Queen
Charlotte Islands or coast archipelago to the north of Vancouver. On
the mainland, near the 49th parallel, it extends from the coast to the
Rocky Mountains, growing at a height of 6,000 feet in a stunted form.
It occurs on the eastern slopes of the Eocky Mountains on the 49th
parallel, and is abundant in the foot-hills further north, and on the
Porcupine Hills. On the Bow Eiver, it extends east to the vicinity of
Calgary. In the dry southern portion of the interior of British Columbia
it is generally confined to the higher uplands between the various
river valleys, northward it descends to the general level of the country.

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 473

It does not extend into the mountainous and .comparatively humid
region of Cariboo, and is probably absent from the higher portions of
the Selkirk and Gold ranges generally. Its northern line is singularly
irregular. It is found about Fort George, and north-eastward as far as
McLeod's Lake, but does not occur on the Parsnip. It extends about
halfway up Tacla Lake, and on Babine Lake to the bend or knee. A
few specimens occur on the Skeena River. It is common about
Francois and Fraser lakes. It is found from the Fraser to the Coast
Range on ,the. line of the Chilcotin and its tributaries, and occurs
on the Nazco and Tip the Blackwater to the mouth of the Iscultaesli,
but is absent from an extensive tract of country bounded by the last
named localities to the south and east, and extending northward to
Frangois Lake. It occurs abundantly on the coast of the mainland as
far north as the north end of Vancouver Island, but beyond that point
is found only on the shores of the inlets at some distance from the sea.
It is found on the upper part of Dean Inlet and on the Salmon River
which runs into this inlet, but at about forty-five miles from the salt-
water becomes small and stunted, and, as above stated, is not seen in
that part of the interior lying to the eastward. Its north-eastern limit
in the Rocky Mountain range is still somewhat uncertain. The best
grown specimens are found near the coast, in proximity to the waters
of the many bays and 'inlets which indent it. Here the tree frequently
surpasses eight feet in diameter, at a considerable height above the
ground, and reaches a height of 200 to 300 feet, forming prodigious
and dark forests. (Dawson.)

569. ABIES, Juss. (BALSAM.)

(2090.) A. balsamea, Miller. Canada Balsam Fir.

Pinus balsamea, Linn. Hook. Fl. II., 163.
A. batsamifera, Michx. Fl. II., 207, in part.

Abundant in swamps throughout the eastern provinces, and a com-
mon tree in every part of Quebec and Ontario. It seems to need a
constant supply of water at its roots, as many die in exceptionally dry
seasons, while white spruce in the same localities remains uninjured.
Canada and Nova Scotia to the Saskatchewan. (Richardson.) In the
country around Lake Mistassini it grows mixed with aspen, birch and
white spruce, and on the lower part of the Rupert River it is found
growing with the same trees all the way to James Bay. (J. M. JMacoun.')
It occurs around James Bay, but its northern limit keeps to the south-
west of Hudson Bay, where it passes between Fort Severn and Trout

474 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Lake, and reaches the neighborhood of the junction of the Shammat-
tawa and Steel Rivers, which form the Hayes River. From this point
it turns south-west and crosses the Nelson River at the outlet of Sipi-
wesk Lake. (_R. Bell.} Both Dr. Bell and Professor Sargent give the
range of this tree to Lat. 65°, which is evidently a mistake, as Sir John
Richardson states its limit to be in Lat. 62°. Sh* William Hooker, in
his Flora places the limit on the Saskatchewan, while we have found
it on the Athabasca River in Lat. 58°. (Macoun.~)

(2091.) A. subalpina, Engelm. Mountain Balsam.

Pinus lasiocarpa, Hook. Fl. II., 163.

Picea amabttis, Gordon, Pinetum, 154, in part

A. Ufolia, Murray, In Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III., 320.

A. grandis, Engelm. in Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd ser., XXXIV., 310.

Pinus amaMlis, Parlatore in De Candolle Prod. XVI., 426, in part.

Picea bifolia, Murray in London Gard, Chronicle, 1875, 105.

Interior of north-west America, last journey. (Douglas.) On
the summit of the House Mountain, south of Lesser Slave Lake;
abundant in the Bow River Pass on mountain slopes from 5,000 to
7,000 feet altitude, extending on the line of the Canadian Pacific
railway from Castle Mountain to the Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)
Appears to take the place of A. grandis in the region east of the
Coast ranges in British Columbia. It is not found in the southern dry
portion of the interior plateau, but grows abundantly in the Gold and
Selkirk ranges, and in the Rocky Mountain region east of McLeod's
Lake. Elsewhere in the northern portion of the interior plateau it
occurs in scattered groves, generally in localities nearly reaching or
surpassing 4,000 feet, but even in low valleys in the eastern portion of
the Coast ranges. It crosses the Rocky Mountains in the Peace River
district, and occurs in cold damp situations in the country between
Lesser Slave Lake and the Athabasca River. In high and cool valleys
in the Rocky Mountains, southward to the 49th parallel, reaching
upward to the timber-line. (Dawson.}

(2092.) A. grandis, Lindley. Western White Fir.
Pinus grandis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. II., 163.
Picea grandis, Loudon. Gordon, Pinetum, 155.
A. Gordoniana, Carr., Trait. Conif., 2nd ed., 298.
A. amabilis, Murray, in Proc. Hort. Soc., London, III., 310.

In British Columbia, confined to the vicinity of the coast, where its
range appears to be even more strictly limited than that of the cedar
or hemlock. (JDawson.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 475

(2093.) A. amabilis, Forbes. White Fir.

Pimis amabilis, Dougl., in Companion Bot. Mag., II., 93.

Picea amabilis, London. Gordon, Pinetum, 154.

A. grandis, Murray in Proc. Hort Soc., London, III., 308.

A grandis, var. densiflora, Engelm. in Trans. St. Louis Acad., IV., 599.

Dean or Salmon Eiver, B. C., June 24th, 18*76. (Dawson.) Valley
of the Fraser Eiver, on Silver Mountain, Yale. (Engelmann & Sargent.)
Prof. Sargent suggests that this tree may in some cases have been
confounded with A. subalpina, in British Columbia, which is more than
likely. (Dawson.)

570. LARIX, Mill. (TAMARACK, LARCH.)

(2094.) L. Americana, Michaux. Tamarack, Black Larch.

Pinus pendvla, Aiton. Hook. Fl. II., 164.

P. microcarpa, Lambert. Hook. Fl. II., 164.

Abus pendvla , Poir. Lindley & Gordon in Jour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213.

A. microcarpa, Poir. Lindley & Gordon in .lour. Hort. Soc., London, V., 213.

L. lenuifolia, Salisbury in Trans. Linnaean Soc., VIII., 313.

L. pendula, Salisbury in Trans. Linneean Soc., VIII.,313.

L. micrucarpa, Desf. Gordon, Pinetum, 129.

L. intermedia, Lodd. Forbes, Pinetum, Woburn, 139.

This species, with the black spruce, occupies nearly all the swampy
ground from Newfoundland, Labrador, and the eastern provinces to
the eastern base of the Eocky Mountains in the Peace Eiver region,
and on the Athabasca ; on the Eocky Mountain portage above Hud-
son's Hope, Peace Eiver, Lat. 56°. (Macoun.) From York Factory,
Hudson Bay to Point Lake, Lat. 65°, where it only attains a height of
from 6 to 8 feet. (Richardson.}

(2095.) L. occidentalis, Nutt. Western Tamarack.

Pinus Larix, Douglas in Companion Bot. Mag., II., 109.
Pinus Nuttallii, Parlatore in De Candolle Prod. XVI2., 412.

Abundant and large in the Kootanie-Columbia valley, and in the
lower parts of smaller valleys tributary to it, ending to the north with
Pinus ponderosa at the head of the upper Columbia Lake. Probably
wanting in the Selkirk and Gold ranges, save in exceptionally low
valleys. To the west of these ranges, sparingly, about Great Shu-
swap Lake; also, in the Coldstream valley, near the head of Okinagan
Lake. The summit between Osoyoos Lake and the Kettle Eiver was
named Larch-tree Hill by the boundary commission expedition, this
being the first place at which the tree was found abundantly in travel-

476 GEOLOGICAL SUBVEY OF CANADA.

ling eastward. Not found on the coast. One or two very small speci-
mens observed north of Is-cul-taesli Eiver, tributary of the Blackwater,
Long. 124°, B.C., June 4th, 1876. This is the only point at which this
tree has been found west of the localities last mentioned, and its occur-
rence here must be regarded as quite exceptional. (JDawsm.}

(2096.) L. Lyallii, Parlatore. Mountain Larch.
Pinus pendula, Hook. FL II., 164., in part

North-west America, gathered in Douglas' last journey. (Hooker.')
Forming the last belt of timber on all peaks of the Rocky Mountains
above 7,000 feet, from Cascade Mountain, Bow River valley, westward
on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, growing with P. ablicau-
lis. Not noticed in the Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.*) Cascade
Mountains, 6,500 to 7,000 feet, forming an open belt of trees mingled
with P. albicaulis, on the Galton Range, at 6,000 feet, and in the
Rocky Mountains, at 7,000 feet, growing with P. albicaulis. (LyalL}
Probably on all mountains of sufficient height to the eastern edge of
the Rocky Mountain range, as it occurs on the summit of Sheep Moun-
tain on the east side of "Waterton Lake, where specimens were collected
by Mr. McConnell (1881.) Summit of the South Kootanie Pass. Not
observed on the mountains in the Peace and Pine River passes.
(Dawson.')

Additions and Corrections to Parts HI.

PART I.

1. CLEMATIS.

Page 11.

(1.) C. verticillaris, DC. Scattered in rocky woods at two
stations near St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) Bather abundant at the
foot of a rocky cliff Nashwaaksis, near Fredericton, N.B. (Moser.)

Yar. Columbiana, Gray. This is the Cypress Hills, Rocky
Mountain and British Columbian form. Dr. Gray believes it to be a
very good variety. It is easily distinguished by its very long and
pointed sepals, and entire leaflets, also found on the Wild Horse
Plains, Washington Territory, by Fletcher.

(3.) C. ligusticifolia, Nutt. Boss' Creek and Seven Persons'
Coulee, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.) Pincher Creek, N.W.T.
(Dawson.) Frequent in the diy country from Lyttou to Kamloops,
B.C. (Fletcher.)

Yar. brevifolia, Nutt. Thickets near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)

2. ANEMONE.

Page 12.

(6.) A. OCCldentaliS, Watson. Very abundant at the upper
limit of trees at Castle Mountain and mountains at Kicking Horse Lake*
Rocky Mountains, also on the Selkirks at the summit of the railway
pass, 1885. (Macoun.) Western summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, 1883, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(7.) A. parviflora, Michx. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) Common on the high lands of Forteau, Labrador.
(W.E. Stearns.) Crevices of rocks, Lake Mistassini, 1885. (J. M.

478 .. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Macoun.) Very common along river banks and wet exposed places,
Anticosti. Very abundant along rivers and small streams in the
Rocky Mountains and far up their slopes on the 51st parallel.
(Macoun.)

(8.) A. Drummondii, Watson.

A. Baldensis, Hook. Fl. I, 5. Part I., No. 8.

Slopes of the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Lyall.) Abundant on
the slopes of cool ravines and on the summits of the Eocky Mountains,

from the Kananaskis to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}
\

(9.) A. nemorosa, Linn. Var. (?) The British Columbian
form of this species is distinct from the eastern, having much smaller
flowers uniformly three-parted leaves and being in general appearance
quite dissimilar. Dean or Salmon River, B.C. (Dawson.) Not un-
common in woods near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) In
woods, Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.) This may be the A. trifolia of
Linnaeus.

Page 13.

(13.) A» Virginiana, Linn. Woodstock, N.B. (Vroom.) Lower
Kennebeccasis, Madawaska and St. Francis Eivers, N.B. (Hay.)
Andover, and along the St. John, N.B. (Wetmore.)

(14.) A. multiflcla, DC.

A. decapetala, Linn. Hooker Arct. PI.

Eastern British America, north of the arctic circle. (Hook. Arct. PI.)
On gravel along the Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Fort
Churchill, at the mouth of the Churchill River, Hudson Bay. (B. Bell.)
Near Fort Selkirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

(15.) A. dichotoma, Linn. In tall grass on wet places at Salt
Lake and Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.)

Page 14.

(1*7.) A. Hepatica, Linn. Leaves of this species were brought
from Ashe's Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Hudson Strait, by Dr. ^R.
Bell, 1885.

3. THALICTRUM.

(19.) T. anemonoides, Michx. In shady woods, southern part
of Oxford and Brant Co.'s, Ont. (Burgess.) Banks of the Humber,
near Toronto. (J. Ades Fowler.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 4*79

(20.) T. dioicum, Linn. Common at Annapolis, Windsor and
Bedford, N.S. ; also on Anticosti. (Mdcoun.) Common on highlands
along the margins of streams and in the interior at Forteau, Labrador,
(W. E. Stearns.) Frequent in New Brunswick. (Fowler's Cat.') Very
common at Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.}

(21.) T. purpurascens, Linn. Later researches show that this
is not an uncommon species eastward, but has been included in 2V
Cornuti. An examination of the filaments and anthers will enable any
one to decide to which species a specimen should be referred. Along
Jupiter River, Anticosti, and at Bedford, N.S. (Macoun.} Mingan
Islands. (St. Cyr.) Along the Ottawa below the city. (Ami.}

Yar. ceriferum, Austin. In sandy woods on Dunning's Farm,
near Drummondville, Niagara Falls. (Macoun.} In an open field
about seven miles east of London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(2097.) T. occidentale, Gray. On the wooded slopes of the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.} Eastern summit
of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.}

Page 15.

(23.) T. alpinum, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, eastern end of Hudson
Straits. (R. Bell.} Abundant in all the river valleys of Anticosti.
(Macoun.}

4. MYOSURUS.

(25.) M. minimus, Linn. Souris Plain, south of Moose Moun-
iain, N. W. T. (J. M. Macoun.} Cedar Hill, near Victoria, B. C.
(Fletcher.} It is extremely probable that the British Columbian form
is a distinct species.

(26.) M. ari Status, Benth. Near Short Creek, Souris River,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.}

5. RANUNCULUS.

(27.) R. hederaceus, Linn. This form should be R. aquatilis>
var. heterophyllus, as the above species is excluded by Watson in Bot.
California, Vol. II, 425, In pools near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.} The
various forms of R. aquatilis require careful revision, and we await Dr.
Gray's new work with great interest.

480 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Page 16.

(29.) R. multifldus, Pursh. Var. y. repens, Watson. In a
swampy piece of woods near Truro, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Muddy
places near St. John, N.B. (Hay.'} In ditches near Eegina, N.W.T.
(Cowdry.)

(30.) R. aiismeefolius, Geyer. All eastern references to this
species belong to the next. Collected at Victoria, 1883. {Fletcher.)
Near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill')

(2098.) R. a mbigens, Watson. Southern part of Ontario. (G-oldie.)
Vicinity of Port Colborne, Ont. (McGill Coll. Herb.)

Page 17

(32.) R. Cymbalaria, Pursh. Var. alpinus, Hook. Not un-
common along the margin of Salt Lake, Anticosti, 1883. {Macoun.)

Page 18.

(34.) R. afflnis, R. Br. Var. leiocarpUS, Traut. Cape Chud-
leigh, entrance to Hudson Strait ; also on Digges Island, Hudson
Strait, 1884. (R. Bell.)

(37 ) R. abortivus, Linn. Var. micranthus, Gray. If
there is no mistake in Dr. Gray's description of this species, all our
specimens collected in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and the eastern part of
Ontario, belong here We hope Dr. Gray will look into this species
in his forthcoming work. Dr. Burgess reports all the specimens
collected at London as this form.

Page 19.

(39.) R. recurvatus, Poir. Ice gorge, North Mountain, near
Annapolis, A\S. (Macoun) Kennebeccasis and St. John Eivers, N.B.
(Hay.) Clifton and Andover, N.B. ( Wetmore) Island of Orleans, Q.
(St. Cyr.) In woods at Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.)

(40.) R. pygmseus, Wahl. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (E. Bell.)

(41.) R. LapponicilS, Linn. In a swamp at the head of Lake
Ellen, Nipigon River ; also on Peninsula Point, north end of Lake
Nipigon, 1884. (Macoun.)
Page 20.

(42.) R. hyperboreus, Rottb. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hud-
son Strait. (R. Bell.)

(44.) R. nivalis, Linn. Port Bui-well, Cape Chudleigh ; also,
Digges and Mansfield Islands in Hudson Strait, 1884. Specimens very
fine in both fruit and flower. (R. Bell.)

. Var. Eschscholtzii, Watson. Abundant on the upper slopes
of all the Rocky Mountains by little brooks running from melting

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 481

snow, and in the same situations in the Selkirk Mountains, 1885. Dr.
Gray thinks this may be a new species.

Page 21.

(46.) R. BULBOSUS, Linn. Very abundant in a meadow at Shelburne,
N.S. (Rev. J. Rosborough.)

(48.) R. re pens, Linn. Since Part I. was written, we have found
by actual examination, that this species, both in its introduced and
native forms, is abundant in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec.
In no case has the introduced plant been detected in Ontario. Intro-
duced at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

Page 22.

Var. nitidus, Chapman. The London specimens referred to this
variety are only a smooth form of the species growing in shade.

(49.) R. Nelsoni, Gray. Frequent in woods, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.} Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)

Var. tenellus, Gray. Valley of Flathead River, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) Common in woods at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.')

(50.) R. Californicus, Benth. The specimens referred to this
species were in flower and hence immature. In 1885, Mr. James
Fletcher obtained numerous specimens in fine fruit, which show that
the forms referred hero belonged to the next two species.

(51.) R. occidentalis, Nutt. Abundant around Victoria, B.C.
(Fletcher.)

(52.) R. orthorhynchus, Hook. Abundant in damp and grassy
fields, Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.) Fort "Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(2099.) R. MURICATOS, L. On ballast heaps at St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
6. CALTHA.

Page 23.

(55.) C. leptosepala, DC. Abundant along a brook beside a
enow-field, north of the railway, at the summit of the Selkirk Moun-
tains, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.)

7. AQUILECIA.

Page 24.

(60.) A. formosa, Fisch. Quite common in woods around Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°, 1885. (Macoun.) Lake Lindeman, source
of Youcon River. (Schwatka.)

482 GEOLOGICAL StfRVEf OP CANADA.

(61.) A. brevistyla, Hook. Along the Saskatchewan between
the " Forks " and Fort & la Corne. (Otto Klotz.) Very common along
Bow Eiver at Morley and westward to Kananaskis station, where it is
plentiful, 1885. (Macoun.)

(62.) A. VPLGARIS, Linn. Completely naturalized along the rail-
way at Bedford, and by roadsides at Windsor and Annapolis, N.S.
(Macoun & Burgess.) Milkish, and Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Hay.)

Page 25.

(63.) A. flavescens, Watson. Abundant on the lower slopes of
the Rocky Mountains, from the Kanan.askis westward to the summit
of the Selkirks in British Columbia, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) The remark
that this species might be A. cwrulea should apply to A. chrysantha, to
which it has a close affinity.

9. TROLLIUS.

(64.) T. laxus, Salisb. Abundant on the higher summits of the
Eocky Mountains, but descending to 5000 feet at Kicking Horse Lake.
It ranges from Castle Mountain westward to the Selkirk summit along
rivulets and in boggy ravines. (Macoun.)

10. DELPHINIUM.

(65.) D. CONSOLIDA, Linn. Fields about Toronto. (J. Ades Fowler.)

(67.) D. Menziesii, DC. A form collected on the Cypress Hills
and Wood Mountain, and referred to D. azureum, belongs here. The
same form is abundant in meadows at Morley station, and a more
glabrous one which may be a distinct species on Castle Mountain, and
on the bed of a snow-slide at a small lake in the Rocky Mountains,
near Hector, and on the summit of the Selkirks. The specimens
collected at the three last mentioned places are rather pale flowered
and nearly smooth and have been doubtfully referred to D. variegatwn.
The latter form is quite alpine in its habit. (Macoun.)

Page 26.

(68.) D. variegatum, Torr. & Gray. In the mountains near
Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

12. TRAUTVETTERIA.

(72.) T. palmata, Fisch. & Mey. Var. occidentalis, Gray.
Damp woods, base of Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 483

14. CIMICIFUGA.

Page 27.

(75.) C. racemosa, Nutt. Vicinity of Gait, Ont. (George Pres-
cott.) On Squaw Island, Niagara Eiver. (David F. Day.}

15. HYDRASTIS.

(76.) H. Canadensis, Linn. Cayuga Island, Niagara Eiver.
(David F. Day.)

21. BERBERIS.

Page 29.

(82.) B. VULQARIS, Linn. Abundant on Clarke's and other islands
in the Niagara Eiver. (Burgess.) Cooksville, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)

(83.) B. repens, Lindl. Eather common on dry slopes at Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(84.) B. Aquifolium, Pursh. In woods along Shuswap Lake,
B.C. (Ogilvie.) '

22. CAULOPHYLLUM.

Page 30.

(86.) C. thalictroides, Michx. Eich intervales of Upper St.
Francis, and Eel rivers ; also, Andover, N.B. (Hay.) Aroostook
Junction on rich flats, N.B. ( Wetmore.) In a butternut grove near
"Woodstock, N.B. ( Vroom.)

23. JEFFERSONIA.

(87.) J. diphylla, Persoon. Eeported as collected near Niagara
Falls. (David F. Day.) Vicinity of Gait, Ont., rare. Quite common
at Wingham, in Huron Co., Ont. (George Prescott.)

27. BRASENIA.

Page 31.

(91.) B. peltata, Pursh. Big Liscomb Lake, Guysboro' Co., N.S.

(E. E. Faribault.)
12

434 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

28- NELUMBIUM.

(92.) N. luteum, Willd. Near Burnham's/ Island, in Grand Eiver,
a few miles from Dunnville, Ont. (J. F. Cowell.) Mr. Day, of Buffalo,
believes that this is authentic and I agree with him as my own infor-
mation points to the same conclusion.

29. NYMPH/EA.

Page 32.

(94.) N. odorata, Ait. var. minor, Sims. In profusion in small
lakelets, both east and west of Sudbury Junction, northern Ontario.
(Mrs. G-irdwood.} Near Port Cockburn, Lake Joseph, Muskoka, Ont.
(Burgess.*) Moon Eiver at the outlet of Lake Muskoka, near Pat.
Carling's. (David F. Day.} All our Nymphceas and Nuphars need
careful examination as there are numerous intermediate forms that
require revision.

30. NUPHAR.

(95.) N. advena, Ait. In ponds at Salt Lake, Anticosti, 1883.
Common in marshes at the mouth of Beaver Creek, Columbia Valley,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}

(96.) N. polysepalum, Engelm. In ponds, Vancouver Island,
near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.*)

(97.) N. luteum, Smith. Specimens referred to this species were
gathered in Black Brook, near Albert Bridge, between South Sydney
and Louisburg, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.} In profusion in a
small lakelet on Punk Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.}

32. PAPAVER.

Page as.

(100.) P. SOMNIFERUM, Linn. Common, West Toronto. (J. Ades
Fowler.}

Page 34.

(101.) P. EH^EAS, Linn. On waste heaps, North Sydney, Cape
Breton. Also along the Canadian Pacific Eailway at Silver City in
the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 485

(102.) P. nudicaule, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Ashe's Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Nothingham, Digges and
Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. Apparently abundant. (R. Sell.')

36. ADLUMIA.

Page 35.

(106.) A. cirrhosa, Eaf. Thin woods near Port Colborne, Ont.,
1882. (David F. Day.')

37. DICENTRA.

Page 36.

(109.) D. formosa, DC. Common in shady woods, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.) In woods near Port Moody, B.C. (Hill.)

38. CORYDALIS.

Page 37.

(112.) C. flavula, DC. Point Abino, Lake Erie, 1882. (David
F. Day.}

39. FUMARIA.

(2100.) F. PARVIPLORA, Linn. On waste heaps at Bedford, and
Pictou, N.S., and North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)

40. NASTURTIUM.

(115.) N. palustre, DC. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S., and
at North Sydney, Cape Breton. Apparently introduced. (Macoun.)

Var. hispidum, Fisch. & Meyer. In mud along Moose Moun-
tain Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)

Page 38.

(117.) N. trachycarpum, Gray. Flathead Eiver, Eocky Moun-
tains, B.C. (Dawson.)

(118.) N. curvisiliqua, Nutt Common in low ground, Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

Page 39.

(119.) N. lacustre, Gray. In the Niagara Eiver. (David F. Day.)

(120.) N. ARMORACIA, Fries. Many waste places about Toronto.
(J. Ades Fowler.)

486 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

42. CARDAMINE.

Page 40.

(125.) C. rotund ifolia, Michx. The specimens referred to this
species should be included in C. rhomboidea and var. purpurea placed
under it as a variety of that species. The mistake was made by mis-
understanding Torrey & Gray, when describing these forms. In the
above we follow Gray's Manual, but we believe our var. purpurea will
yet constitute a good species.

Page 41.

(129.) C. pratensiS, Linn. Along Becscie River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Cape Chudleigh, Ashe's Bay, Upper Savage Islands and
Digge's Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) In bogs, Lake Mistassini.
(J. M. Macoun.) All the arctic specimens have purple flowers.

(130.) C. hirsuta, Linn. var. sylvatica, Gray. On the slopes of
Cathedral Mountain at Hector, Rocky Mountains, and at the Selkirk
summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.') Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.) This
form approaches very closely to C. oligosperma, in the shape of its
leaves.

43. ARABIS.

Page 42.

(133.) A. petrsea, Lam. On clift's of Minister's Pace, 1ST. B.
( Wetmore.) Abundant on gravel bars at the mouth of Jupiter River,
Anticosti, 1883. On sand at the mouth of the Kananaskis, also abun-
dant and very fine at Kananaskis station in the Bow River valley,
Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.)

Var. ambigua, Regel. On sand along Six Mile Creek, and on
Bear Creek, within the Selkirk Mountains, B. C., 1885. (Macoun.)
Iltasyouco River, B. C. (Dawson.) Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon River. (Schwatka.) Keneshow Island and Chilcat Harbor,
Alaska. (Meehan.)

(136.) A. Holbcellii, Hornem. Trap rock at the mouth of the
Blackwater River, Lake Nipigon. 1884. (Macoun.)

Page 43.

(138.) A. Drummondii, Gray. Steep bank, head of Ellis Bay,
Anticosti, 1883. (Macoun.) Sand dunes at Point Abino, Lake Erie.
(David F. Day.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 48*7

(139.) A. Lyallii, Watson. At the head of Maple Creek in the
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Abundant above the limit
of trees from Silver City, westward in the Rocky Mountains to the
summit of the Selkirks. B.C., 1885. (Macoun.}

(2101.) A. canescens, Nutt. Yar. latifolia, Watson. On the
summit of Canmore Mountain, Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.}

(140.) A. perfoliata, Lam. In grassy places at Kananaskis
station, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.} In open grassy places at Vic-
toria, B.C. (Fletcher.} Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.}

Page 44

(143.) A. alpina, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) Keneshow Island, Alaska. (Meehan}

45. ERYSIMUM.

Page 45.

(146.) E. cheiranthoides, Linn. Campbellton, N. B. (Chal-
mers.'} Beauport, near Quebec. (St. Gyr.} Keneshow Island, Alaska.
(Meehan.}

(148.) E. parviflorum, Nutt. Gravelly soil, near Emerson,
Man. (Burgess.} Common on dry gravelly places, from Morley west-
ward up the Bow River valley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.} Near Fort Selkirk on £he Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'.
(Schwatka.} Spence's Bridge and Kamloops, B.C. (Fletcher.}

46. SISYMBRIUM.

Page 46.

(151.) S. linifolium, Nutt. Dry slopes, Kamloops, B.C. (Flet-
cher.}

Page 47.

(157.) S hum Me, C. A. Meyer. Yery common on sand at the
mouth of the Kicking Horse River, between the railway and the river
at Golden City, Columbia valley. (Macoun.}

(2102.) S. Thaliana, Gand. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ont. Abun-
dant and, I think, indigenous. (David F. Day.}

488 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

571. DIPLOTAXIS, DC.

(2103.) D. MTJRALIS, DC. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S., and on
ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton, 1883. (Macoun.) On ballast at
Eichibucto and St. John, N.B. (Fowler & Hay.}

(2104.) D. TENUIFOLIA, DC. On ballast heaps and along wharfs
at Pictou, N.S., and on ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton, 1883.
(Macoun) On ballast at Eichibucto and St. John, N.B. (Fowler &
Hay.}

47. BRASSICA.

Page 48.

(161.) B. NIGRA, Koch. Very abundant along Lake Erie at Port
Stanley, Ont. (Burgess.'}

51. DRABA.

Page 49.

(169.) D. alpina, Linn. In fine fruit and flower from Cape
Chudleigh. Upper Savage Islands, Digges, Nottingham and Mans-
field Islands, Hudson Strait, 1884. (R. Sell.) On the summits of the
higher Eocky Mountains from Canmore to Hector, Lat. 51°, 1885.
(Macoun.)

Var. glacial is, Dickie. Digge's and Mansfield Islands, Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) Abundant on the lower slopes of the mountains
at Kananaskis, and westward to*Mount Stephen, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Page 50.

(170.) D. stellata, Jacq. var. nivalis, Eegel. Cape Chudleigh,
and Cape Prince of Wales ; Upper Savage Islands and Nottingham
Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Not rare on the summits of the
Eocky Mountains from Canmore to Hector. (Macoun)

Var. Johannis, Eegel. Abundant on mountain summits from
Kananaskis westward in the Eocky Mountains to the Columbia.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of North Kootanie Pass and Crow Nest
Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

Page 51.

(172.) D rupestris, E. Br. Cape Chudleigh. and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

(173.) D. androsacea, Wahl. Cape Chudleigh, Upper Savage
Islands, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 489

(1*74.) D. crassifolia, Graham. Abundant on the sides of ravines,
and grassy slopes above the limit of trees on Cathedral, Castle and
other mountains in the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

(2105.) D. stenoloba, Ledeb.

D. nemorosa, var. lutea, Watson, King's Rep. V., 22.

In crevices of rocks on the higher slopes of the mountain, south of
Hector, Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.') Flathead River, B. C.,
1883. (Dawson.)

(175. D. incana, Linn. Abundant along the coast of Anticosti.
(Macovn.) Is1 ear Bathurst, N. B. (Fowler's Oat.) Red Rock, Lake
Superior. Rather common in damp ravines in both the Rocky and
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.')

Var. confusa, Poir. Digge's Island, Hudson Strait, and at Nach-
vak, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.} On South-west Point, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Watcheeshoo, below Mingan Islands, St. Lawrence River.
(St. Cyr.) Abundant on gravel at Morley, and common westward to
the summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.)
Page 52.

(176.) D. arabisans, Michx. In profusion at the west end of
Anticosti. East coast of Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.)

(177.) D. aurea, Vahl. Very abundant in the foot-hills of the
Rocky Mountains, at Morley and westward to Hector up the Bow
River valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) On the gravelly slopes of the foot-
hills, Kananaskis River. (Dawson.)

(178.) D. nemorosa, Linn. Var. ft. hebecarpa, Lindl.
Cypress Hills, at the head waters of the White Mud River, 1884.
(J. M. Macoun.) Rather common in rich soil at Morley, Bow River.
(Macoun.)

52. COCHLEARIA.

Page 53.

(182.) C. offlcinalis, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Digges and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Straits. (R. Bell.) Idaho
Inlet in Cross Sound, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(183.) C. anglica, Linn. Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(185.) C. tridactylites, Banks. Abundant on small rocky
islands east of Becscie River, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Seashore, Cari-
bou, Labrador. (Butler.)

490 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

54. VESICARIA.

Page 54.

(187.) V. Ludoviciana, DC. Abundant around Old Wives'
Lakes and in Cypress Hills, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.)

(188.) V. arctica, Eichards. Very common in the valley of
Jupiter River, near the sea, Anticosti. (Macoun.)

55. PHYSARIA.

(190.) P. didymocarpa, Gray. Very fine on the gravelly banks
of the Bow River at Morley mission ; also on gravel slopes of the
Rocky Mountains at Kananaskis station. (Macoun.)

57. BRAYA.

(192.) B. alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe. Var. glabelia, Watson's
Index. Nottingham Island, western end of Hudson Strait. (.R. Bell.}

58. EUTREMA.

Page 55.

(195.) E. Edwardsii, R. Br. Cape Prince of Wales, Upper
Savage Islands, Digges and Nottingham Islands and Eskimo village,
of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.}

62. SMELOWSKIA.

Page 56.

(201.) S. calycina, C. A. Meyer. In profusion, on the summit
of the mountain north of Canmore station, Rocky Mountains, 1885.
(Macoun.") Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.~)

63. LEPIDIUM.

Page 57.

(203.) L. RUDERALE, Linn. Abundant on ballast heaps at Pictou,
N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)

(204.) L. CAMPESTRE, Linn. On the wharf at Sydney, Cape Breton,
1883. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 491

(205.) L. Menziesiif DO. Better specimens of this form collected
by Mr. Fletcher show that it is not Menziesii. Sereno Watson names
it L. Virginicum.

(206.) L. intermedium, Gray. Common along roadsides and
railway tracks, London, Ont. The reference to L. Virginicum, No. 20*7,
belongs here. (Burgess.)

64. SENEBIERA.

(209.) S. COEONOPUS, Poir. A few specimens on ballast at Pictou,
N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)

Page 58.

(210.) S. DiDYMA, Pers. On ballast at Pictou, and in the streets of
Halifax, N.S. ; also on ballast at North Sydney, Cape Breton. (Macoun.)
In the streets of Nanaimo, B.C. (Fletcher.)

68. THYSANOCARPUS.

Page 59.

(2106.) T. pusillus, Hook.

T. oblongifolius, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 118.

On exposed open places at Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1876. (Daw-
son.) Mount Finlayson, near Victoria. (Fletcher.)

572. NESLIA, Linn.

(2107.) N. PANICULATA, Linn. Vicinity of Winnipeg. Man. (Bour-
geau.) On the railway embankments and cuttings from Silver City,
in the Rocky Mountains, to Golden City, in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.) Ottawa, rare. (Fletcher.)

70. POLANSIA.

(218.) P. graveolens, Eaf. At and above Fort Brie on the lake
shore, Ont. (David F. Day.) Abundant in sand at Port Colborne,
Ont. (Macoun.) At Pelee Point, Lake Erie, and Point Edward, Lake
Huron ; also at Medicine Hat, N.W. T. (J. M. Macoun.)

71. HELIANTHEMUM.

Page 60. .

(219.) H. Canadense, Michx. In open sandy woods at King-
ston, N.S., 1883. (Macoun.)
13

492 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

72. HUDSONIA.

(221.) H« ericoides, Linn. Abundant on rather dry rocks
beyond the North-west Arm, Halifax, and very abundant in sand
around Kingston, on the Annapolis railway, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.)

73. LECHEA

(222.) L. major, Michx. Sandy soil at Windsor, Ont. (J. M.
Macoun.~)

74. IONIDIUM.

Page 61.

(225.) I. concolor, Benth. & Hook. Foster's Flats below the
Whirpool, Niagara River, Ont., also on Goat Island above the falls.
(David F. Day.)

75. VIOLA.

(227-) V. lanceolate, Linn. In boggy spots, Point Pleasant,
and at the head of the North-west Arm, Halifax, N. S. (Macoun &
Burgess.) Gondola Point and Grand Lake, Milkish, and Lake Utopia,
N.B. (Hay, Jack & Wetmore.)

Page 62.

(230.) V. renifolia, Gray. This species is common on Anticosti,
also in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and extends through Quebec
and Ontario.

(234.) V. Selkirk!!, Pursh. Eel Eiver, Woodstock and Frederic-
ton, N.B. (W. T. L. Reed.) Ste. Anne des Monts Eiver, Gaspe".
(Porter.) Vicinity of Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Near Chelsea, Ottawa Co.
Q. (J. M. Macoun.) Near King's Mountain, and in McKay's woods,
Ottawa. (Fletcher.) In the valley of Beaver Creek, at Six Mile
Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.)

Page 63.

(236.) V. sagittata, Ait. Abundant in damp woods, Point Plea-
sant, near Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Specimens, which may
be a form of this species, have been collected at St. Stephen, N.B.,
by Mr. Vroom.

(23*7.) V. pedata, Linn. The localities mentioned under this
species, before the names of Macoun and Dawson, refer to V, delpJiinifolia,
Norfolk Co., Lake Eric, Ont, (Burgess.)

' >

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLAka

(2108). V. delphinifolia, Nutl. All Manitoba specimens we have
seen are of this species and doubtless those of Sir John Kichardson are
the same. In which case this may be considered the western species
and V. pedata the eastern form.

Page 64.

(240). V. canina, L. Var. rupestris, Regel. Under this name
we place the hairy form found growing on sand or amongst dry rocks.
Abundant at Chalk River on the Ottawa and at North Bay, Lake Nipis-
sing ; also in sandy woods, Hudson Bay House, Red Rock, Lake Su-
perior. (Macoun.)

Var. longipes, Nutt. This form was placed with Var. adunca but
recent examination shows them to be quite distinct. While this form
is found almost exclusively east of the Rocky Mountains, the other is
confined to the west of them. Moose Mountain and the whole Souris
plain, also at Moose Jaw and westward. (J. M. Macoun.) South of
Battleford and westward by the Bow River Pass through the Rocky
Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Cedar Hill and other localities, near Victoria, B. C. (Fletcher).

(244.) V. glabella, Nutt. Near a snow-field, on the summit of
the mountain on the north side of the railway at the summit of the
Selkirks, Lat. 51°. Many plants were in flower and others only in
bud, August 20th, 1885. (Macoun.) Mount Finlayson, near Victoria,
B.C. April 27, 1885. (Fletcher.)

Page 65.

(245.) V. sarmentosa, Dougl. Western summit of North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On beds of snow-slides,
Kicking Horse Lake, and on the Selkirk Mountains at the summit,
B. C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.) Very
abundant along the Goldstream at the base of Mount Finlayson, near
Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(246.) V. Nlittallii, Pursh. This form is frequent in Manitoba
and westward. Common at Brandon. (Macoun.) Moose Mountain
and westward to the Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Sum-
mit of plateau north of -Milk River, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

Var. linguaefolia, Nutt. We placed this as a synonym under
var. prcemorsa, but are now satisfied that it is distinct and is the Rocky
Mountain form of the species. Rocky and partly shaded hillsides,
western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883.
(Dawson.)

Wo are still in doubt about the violet referred to in the note (Part
1.), but it is in all probability a form of V. glabella.

494 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(247.) V. TRICOLOR, Linn. var. ARVENSIS, Ging. On waste lots,
Cooksville, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)

76. POLYCALA.

Page 66.

(249.) P. sanguinea, Linn. Sandy soil, near Windsor, Ont.,
1884. (J. M. Macoun}

(250.) P. verticillata, Linn. Eoadsides near Drummondville
and abundant at Port Colborne, Lake Erie, 1885. (Macoun.)

(251.) P. Senega, Linn. In low meadows, from Morley west-
ward in the Bow Eiver valley to Canmore, Rocky Mountains, 1885.
(Macoun.)

(253.) P. pauciflora, Willd. Several stations in Charlotte
County, N. B. (Vroom.) In woods at Jupiter River, Anticosti.
{Macoun & St. Cyr.) Abundant, at Chalk River, Ottawa valley, and
on sandy slopes near Chelsea, Q. (Macoun & Fletcher.) i

77. SILENE.

Page 67.

(255.) S. INFLATA, Smith, Queen's Park, Toronto, Ont. (J. Ades
Fowler.}

(257.) S. Scouleri, Hook. Collected in southern British Colum-
bia, prior to 1872. (Cowley.)

Page 68.

(262.) S. Menziesii, Hook. Crow Nest Lake, Rocky Mountains.
(Daicson.)

(263.) S. acaulis, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Upper Savage Islands, Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, also
at the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (S. Sell.) Mingan,
Q. (St. Cyr.) Abundant on summits from Castle Mountain westward
through the Rocky Mountains, and on the Selkirk summit in pro-
fusion. (Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains (Dawson.)

(2109.) S. multicaule, Nutt. Dr. G. M. Dawson's specimens
collected in 1881, and referred by me to L. data, No. 265, belong here.
Numerous specimens gathered on many of the higher summits of the
Rocky Mountains, along the Bow River valley, Lat. 51°, 1885, are

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 495

referred to this species by Mr. Watson, but I cannot think they are
identical as our specimens do not agree with Kuttall's description, as
given on page 192. ( Torr. & Gray.) At page 675, these authors refer
S. multicaule to S. Drummondii, " as a less pubescent and glandular
variety." Silene Drummondii is now Lychnis Drummondii, and I confess
my examinations place our form with the latter genus. (Macoun.)

(2110.) S. NOCTURNA, Linn. Observed growing at Fort Erie, Ont.,
in 1881. Not since detected. (David F. Day.)

(2111.) S. GALLICA, Linn. Abundant at Cedar Hill, near Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.)

78. LYCHNIS.

(264). L. apetala, Linn. Common on the islands and shores of
Hudson Strait from Cape Chudleigh to Digge's Island. (E. Bell.) On
the higher summits of the Kocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°,
altitude 8000 feet. (Macoun.)

(2112). L. montana, Watson. (?).

L. apetala, Watson, King's Rep. V. 26.

This species is doubtful. The specimens collected had erect flowers
and slightly exserced petals. Better specimens are needed. Gathered
on the summit of Canmore Mountain, June 29th, 1885. Lat. 51°.
(Macoun).

Page 69.

(266). L. alpina, Linn. Nachvak coast of Labrador, 1884. (R.
Bell.) Little Whale Kiver, Hudson Bay. (G. Barnston.)

Page 70.

(272). L. afflnis, Vahl. Fine specimens procured at Fort Churchill,
Hudson Bay 1884. (E. Bell.)

80. SAPONARIA.

(276). S. V AC c ARIA, Linn. Introduced already along the whole
line of the Canadian Pacific Eailway from Winnipeg to the Columbia,
bia, 1885. (Macoun.) Also along the railway in British Columbia.
(Fletcher.)

49fi GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

81. ARENARIA.

(277). A. capillaris, Poir. Yar. nardifolia, Eegel. Western
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson) On
the summits of all mountains above 7,000 feet in Rocky and Selkirk
Mountains. Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Page 71.

(280). A. biflora, Wahl. Var. obtusa, Watson. On the summits
of all the Rocky Mountains over 7.500 feet in height from Canmore
westward. Lat. 51°. (MacounJ) Eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.}

(281). A. verna, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.} On the slopes of the Crow Nest Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on the summits and higher wooded
slopes of all the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains along the Canadian
Pacific Railway. (Macoun.)

Var. hirta, Watson. This variety grows at a much lower alti-
tude than the type and is very abundant along the Canadian Pacific
railway from Calgary westward through the Bow River valley.
(Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.) On dry rocks near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.')

Page 72.

Var. rubella, Hook. In sand1 along the shore of Nottingham
Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.')

(283.) A. pungens, Nutt. Eastern summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(284.) A. Michauxii, Hook. Mingan Islands, Gulf of St. Law-
rence. (St. Cyr.~) Between Lakes St. Clair and Huron. (Douglas.)
The A. juniperina of Torr. & Gray grows in abundance on the sands of
Pelee Point, Lake Erie, and is undoubtedly a form of this species. In
profusion on Poplar Point, Lake Nipigon, Ont. Abundant on rocks at
Kananaskis station, and at Canmore and Castle Mountains, Bow River
valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 73.

(287.) A. Greenland ica, Spreng. Nain, and Ford's Harbor,
coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.) On rocks, North-west Arm, Halifax,
N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Collected on the summits of many low
hills at Baie des Roches, Labrador. ( W. E. Stearns.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 497

(288.) A. SERPYLLIFOLIA, Linn. Esquimalt, near Victoria, B. C.
(Fletcher.}

(289). A. lateriflora, Linn. Fort Selkirk, Youcon Eiver, Lat.
62° 45'. (Schwatka.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(291). A. peploides, L. Var. oblongifolia, Watson. Between
Cape Lazo and Shelter Point, Vancouver Island, B. C. (Dawson.)
Kenashow Islands, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(292). A. physodes, DC. Fort Selkirk, Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62°
45'. (Schwatka.)

82. STELLARIA.

Page 74.

(2113.) S. graminea, L. Abundant at Truro, Halifax, Windsor
and Annapolis, N. S, 1883. (Macoun & Burgess.) Island of Orleans,
near Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Vicinity of Ottawa, Ont. (Miss I. L. Grant.)
There is no doubt but that much of the S. longifolia of Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick and Quebec is this species and collectors should try
to separate them. The present species is a larger and coarser plant
than S. longifolia, has rough seeds and ciliate scales. It is certainly a
native.

(296). S. ca I yea nth a, Bongard. On the higher slopes of the
Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake. (Macoun.)

Page 75.

(297.) S. uliginosa, Murr. Common in small rills, Point Pleasant
Halifax, N.S. ( Macoun & Burgess.) Blenkinsop Bay, B.C. (Dawson.)

(298.) S. crassifolia, Ehrh. Bather common in damp localities
along the Labrador coast. ( W. E. Stearns.) Watcheeshoo Eiver,
Labrador coast. (St. Cyr.) Abundant at South-west Point and
Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Eiver St. Lawrence at Cacouna.
(Burgess.) Shediac, N.B. (Brittain.) Charlo, N.B. (Fletcher.)

(300.) S. longipes, Goldie. Var. minor. Hook. Nain, coast
of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson
Strait. (R. Bell.) Very common on the prairie and in the foot-hills
and extending up the Bow Eiver valley to Laggan in the Eocky Moun-
tains. (Macoun.)

Page 76.

Var. lleeta, > Torr. & Gray. Digges and Nottingham Islands, also
the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (It. Bell.) On the sum-

498 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

mits of the higher mountains, both in the Rocky and Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Var. Edwardsii, Torr. & Gray. Digges, Nottingham and Mans-
field Islands, Hudson Strait, (R. Bell.') Coast of Labrador. (Miss
Macfarline.)

(303.) S. crispa, Cham. & Schlecht. Western summit of the
South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On gravel and
amongst grass in ravines from Castle Mountain westward to the Sel-
kirk summit, Lat. 51° (Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(305.) S. humifusa, Rottb Nain, on the Labrador coast ; also
Digges Island and at the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) Common along the coast, mouth of Becscie River, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Wet boggy places, shore of Lake Mistassini. (J. M.
Macoun.) Shediac, N. B. (Brittain.)

83. CERASTIUM.

Page 77.

(307.) C. VULGATUM, Linn. Vicinity of Victoria, B. C. (Fletcher.)

Page 78.

(311.) C. alpinum, Linu. Ford's Harbor near Nain, coast of
Labrador. Upper Savage Islands, Cape Chudleigh, Digges and Notting-
ham Islands, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska.
(Meehan.)

Var. Behringianum, Regel. On the summits of all the Rocky
Mountains westward from the Kananaskis to the Columbia, also on
the mountains at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Eastern
summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

Var. Fischerianum, Torr. & Gray. Ashe's Bay, Upper Savage
Islands, Cape Prince of Wales and Digges, Nottingham and the Sleeper
Islands, Hudson Strait ; also at Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)

Var. glabratum, Hook. A few specimens from the Upper Savage
Islands, north of Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

(313.) C. trigynum, Vill. Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) On Mount Albert and Table Top Mountain, Gaspe". (Porter.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 499

84. SACINA.

Page 79.

(314.) S. procumbens, Linn. Wet grassy places North-west
Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.'} Carleton, N. B. (Hay.)
Welsh Pool, Campobello, N.B. ( Vroom.) Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.')

(315.) S. occidentalis, Watson. Malaspina Inlet, B.C. (Daw-
son.') In wet places near Esquimalt, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
Sitka. (Meehan.)

(316.) S. Linnaei, Presl. Summit of the South Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains, Lat. 49°. (Dawson.) On the summits of all the
higher mountains in the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

(318.) S. nodosa, Meyer. Eel River, Restigouche Co., N. B.
(Chalmers.) South-west Point, Jupiter River and West Point, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Mingan Islands and Labrador coast. (St. Cyr.) East shore
of Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.) Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M.
Macoun.')

86. SPERGULA.

Page 80.

(322.) 8. ARVENSIS, Linn. On railway embankments at Silver
City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Waste places around Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)

87. PARONYCHIA.

Page 81.

This and the three following genera are now included in the order
lllecebracece, and placed as the first order of the Apetalce, by Benthem
and Hooker, in the Genera Plantarum, published in 1880.

89. SCLERANTHUS.

(325.) S. annuus, Linn. Port Credit, Lake Ontario. (J. Ades
Fowler.)

92. CLAYTONIA.

Page 82.

(329.) C. parviflora, Moquin. On gravel in brooks along Beaver
and Bear creeks, Selkirk Mountains, B. C. (Macoun.)
14

500 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(331.) C. Caroliniana, Michx. Abundant in the western coun-
ties of New Brunswick. ( Vroom.) Sheldon's Point, St. John, N. B.
(Chalmers.')

Var. sessilifolia, Torr. Eastern summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On the summits of the higher
Rocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake and on the summits of the
Selkirk Range, B.C. (Macoun.)

(2114.) C. megarrhiza, Parry.

S. arctica. var. (?) megarrhiza, Watson. King's Rep. V., 43.

On the summits of Canmore and Castle Mountains, Bow River valley,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Page 83.

(33*7.) C. sarmentosa, Meyer. Fort Wrangel, Sitka. (Meehan.)
93. CALANDRINA.

(338.) C. Menziesii, Hook. Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)

94. MONTIA.

Page 84.

(340.) M. fontana, Linn. In a meadow a little above the first

fishing stage after crossing the North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S.

(Macoun & Burgess.) Shediac, N.B. (Brittain.) Near Fort Selkirk,
Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.) Muddy places near Victoria
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

97. HYPERICUM

(343.) H. pyra mi datum, Ait. Along the Nation River at Cas-
selman, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Fletcher.~)

Page 85.

(349.) H. Canadense, Linn. var. major, Gray. Rare at Bass
River, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) Toronto Island, Lake Ontario. (Macoun.)
Bank of stream, Parry Sound, Muskoka, Ont. (Burgess.) Black Rivei',
Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)

(350.) H. Scouleri, Hook. On the upper slopes of Mount Daw-
son and Glacier Mountain, at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°, B. C.

CATALOGUE OF CANAT5TSTr"PCA'NTS. 501

(Macoun.) Nimkish or Karmutsen Lake, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.}
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.} Abundant around
Victoria and up the Fraser valley, B.C. {Fletcher-.}

99. MALVA.

Page 86.

(356.) M. CRISPA, Linn. Toronto. (J. Ades Fowler.}

(35t.) M. MOSCHATA, Linn. Old pastures, Toronto. {J. Ades
Fowler.}

101. SIDALCEA.

Page 87.

(361.) S. malvseflora, Gray, var. Oregana, Watson.
S. Oregana, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 234.

Besides the type or round leaved form, Mr. Fletcher collected fine
specimens of this variety near Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885.

102. ABUTILON

(362.) A. AVICENN.E, Geertn. Weston, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.}

103. HIBISCUS.

(363.) H. moscheutos, Linn. On an island in Niagara Eiver,
near Buffalo. {David F. Day.}

(364.) H. TRIONUM, Linn. A rare garden weed, Kingston, Kent
Co., KB. (Fowler's Gat.}

104. SPH/ERALCEA.

Page 88.

(365.) S. rivularis, Torr. On the banks of Elk Eiver, Eocky
Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) Near Shuswap Lake, B.C. {Hill.}

IO6. LINUM.

Page 89.

(2115.) L. CATHARTICUM, Linn. On waste ground along the sea shore
at Pictou, N.S {Macoun & Burgess.}

(369.) L. Striatum, Walter. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ont.
(David F. Day.}

502 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

107. GERANIUM.

Page 90.

(375.) C. Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey. Abundant at Morley
and westward in the Bow River valley to " The Gap " in the Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.) Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)

(377.) C. incisum, Nutt.

G. Fremontii, Torrey. Macoun's Cat., No- 325.
G. Hookerianum, Walp. Macoun's Cat., No. 326.

All references under G. Fremontii, in Part I, belong here. Flathead
River, Rocky Mountains, B. C. (Dawson.) Wood Mountain, N.W.T.,
Lat. 49°. (Burgess.)

Page 91.

(382.) Gr. PUSILLUM, Linn. Parkdale, Out. (J. Ades Fowler.)
Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)

(383.) C. MOLLE, Linn. In a field at Parkdale, Ont. (J. Ades
Fowler.)

108. ERODIUM.

(384.) E. cicutarium, L'Her. On ballast heaps, Carleton, KB.
(Hay.-,

109. FLCERKIA.

(386.) F. proserpinacoides, Willd. Low grounds, in woods,
Ontario, opposite Buffalo. (David F. Day.)

573. LIMNANTHES.

(2116.) L. Douglasii, R. Br. On the margins of pools in the
vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1875. (Macoun.) In Part I.,
this is referred to No. 386.

110. IMPATIENS.

Page 92.

(387.) I. fulva, Nutt Harisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 503

III. OXALIS.

(391.) O. corniculata, Linn. A careful examination of our
eastern forms shows that they are all referrable to var. stricta, although
some are quite smooth and others more or less hairy. We were there-
fore mistaken in placing the specimens from Nova Scotia under the type.

113. PTELEA.

Page 93.

(393.) P. trifoliata, Linn. A few specimens on the Lake Shore
above Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

115. ILEX.

Page 94.

Ilex opaca and I. glabra were both omitted in Part I., because
believed of doubtful occurrence ; the latter is now placed in the cata-
logue on the evidence given below.

(2117.) I. glabra, Gray.

Prinos glabra, Linn. Hook. Fl. 1, 121.

Halifax, N.S. (Sommers} In a swamp near an old mill-pond be-
yond the head of the North-west Arm, Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Bur-
gess.} At Shelburne, N.S. (Rev. J. Rosborourgh.}

117. CELASTRUS.

(39*7.) C. sea nd ens, Linn. Near the Lake of the Woods. (R.
Sell.} Stone Fort, Eed Eiver, Man. (J. M. Macoun.}

119. PACHYSTIMA.

Page 95.

(400.) P. myrsinites, Baf. Flathead Eiver, Eocky Mountains,
B.C. (Dawson.} On slopes of the hills at Donald in the Columbia
valley, and westward in the Selkirks, B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}

120. CEANOTHUS.

Page 96.

(403.) C. velutinus, Dougl. Un dry slopes of the hills, border-
ing the Wait-a-bit at Donald, Columbia valley, B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}

504 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Var. laevigatus, Torr. & Gray. On slopes along the Flathead
Kiver, Eocky Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)

121. RHAMNUS.

(405.) R. alnifolia, L'Her. Flathead River, Eocky Mountains,
B.C. (Dawson.)

(406.) R. Purshiana, G-ray's Landing, near the mouth of the
Fraser, B.C., 1883. Cadboro' Bay and Saanich, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)

122. VITIS.

Page 97.

(408.) V. Labrusca, Linn. For this substitute V. cestivalis, as
all the specimens from Point Pelee are of this species. Climbing high
over trees at Foster's Flats below the Whirlpool, Niagara River, also in
thickets around Queenston Heights. (Macoun.)

(410.) V. riparia, Michx. All references in Part I, under No.
409, belong here. Up to the present we have no authentic record of
the occurrence of typical V. cordifolia in any part of Canada. The
Vitis found on the Island of Orleans is this species, and Dr. Burgess
writes that the vine found at Emerson, Man., is the same. The one
seen by myself from the deck of a steamboat along the Assiniboine
must be it likewise. I allow V. cordifolia to stand as it is barely possible
it may yet be found along Lake Erie. V. Labrusca must be excluded.
(Macoun.)

125. ACER.

Page 99.

(418.) A. glabrum, Torrey. On mountain slopes from Ka-
nanaskis through the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. It
seldom attains an elevation of 6,000 feet, and is always a mere shrub
in damp ravines.

126. NECUNDO.

Page 100.

(422.) N. aceroides, Moench. Within the last ten years this
tree has been extensively planted in Ontario and grows with great
rapidity, but is not very ornamental. There are a number of fine trees
up the valley of the Don at Toronto. (Burgess.) Three trees in a
clump, between Cooksville and Port Credit, Ont. (,/. Ades Fowler.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 505

127. RHUS.

(424.) R. glabra, Linn. Not uncommon on rocks at Eat Portage,
Lake of the Woods. (Macoun.)

Var. occ id entails, Torrey. On dry slopes between Lytton
and Spence's Bridge, along the Thompson Eiver, B. C. (Fletcher.}

(426.) R. venenata, DC. Swamps near Hatchey, Ont. (Burgess.)
In a sphagnous swamp near Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.}

129. LUPINUS.

Page 102.

(433.) L. perennis, Linn. Near Queenston, Ont. (David F.
Day.}

(434.) L. arcticus, Watson. Lake Lindeman, source of the
Youcon River. (Schwatka.)

Pase 103.

(439.) L. argenteus, var. argophyllus, Watson. Foot-hills
west and south of Calgary, N. W. T. (J. M. Macoun.)

(444.) L. IMootkatensis, Donn. Michel Creek, Rocky Moun-
tains, B. C., Lat. 50°. (Dawson.) Mount Finlayson near Victoria,
B.C. (Fletcher.) At Sumass Lake, Fraser River valley. (Bowman.}
Barlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(445.) L. polyphyllus, Lindl. Abundant around Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)

(2118.) L. lepidus, Dougl. On Groldstream Road, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)

132. TRIFOLIUM,

Page 105.

(2119.) T. MEDIUM, Linn. Roadside near the sea, Point Pleasant,
Halifax, N.S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Beauport near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

(454.) T. involucratum, Willd. Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)

(455.) T. tridentatum, Lindl. Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.)
Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

506 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(2120.) T. f urea turn, Lindl. Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.}

(2121.) T. gracilentum, Torr. & Gray. Cedar Hill, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)

Page 106.

(457.) T. microcephalum, Pursh. Drew'8 Harbor, B. C.
(Daivson.) Cedar Hill and Esquimalt, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

(458.) T. mic rod on, Hook. & Arn. Vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. 1875. (Macoun & Meehan.)

(460.) T. AGRARIUM, Linn. Sandy soil, High Park, Toronto, Ont.
(J. Ades Fowler.) Ottawa. (Fletcher.)

134. MEDICACO.

Page 107.

(469.) M. SATIVA, Linn. Waste places at Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

136 HOSACKIA.

(473.) H. decumbens, Gray. On dry soil at Spence's Bridge
on the Thompson Eiver, B. C. (Fletcher.)

137 PSORALEA.

(479.) P. physodes, Dougl. Saanich Eoad and Quamichan,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

574. TRICONELLA, Linn.

(2122.) T. CORNICULATA, Linn. Ballast Heaps, Pictou, N. S.

(Macoun & Burgess.)

138. AMORPHA.

(480.) A. canescens, Nutt. Abundant in thickets amongst the
sand hills west of Pine Creek, Man., 1884. (Macoun)
Page 109.

(482.) A. microphylla, Pursh. Rocky places, Dawson Road,
Man. (Burgess) Oak Point, Man., 1872. (Macoun.) Stony Moun-
tain, Man. (J. M. Macoun)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 507

139. PETALOSTEMON.

(484.) P. violaceus, Michx. Var. pubescens, Gray. Quite
common on gravelly slopes of coulees in the drier parts of the prairie
region. On gravel, west of Moose Mountain Creek, and at the Eed Deer
Lakes and Hand Hills, N.W.T. (Macoun.)

575. TEPHROSIA, Pers. (HOARY PEA.)

(2123). T. Virginiana, Pers. Groat's Eue.
Galega Virginiana, Linn. Michx. Fl. II., 67.

Abundant in sand along the Lake Erie shore, in the 1st and 2nd
concessions of Charlotteville. (Burgess.')

576. ORNITHOPUS, Linn.

(2124.) O. SCORPOIDES, DC. On ballast heaps, Pictou, N.S., 1883.
(Macoun.) St. Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.)

For Grlycyrhiza read Glycyrrhiza.

142. ASTRAGALUS.

Page 110.

(488.) A. lentiginosus, Dongl. Neighborhood of Kamloops,
B.C. (Fletcher.)

(491.) A. Canadensis, Linn. Common on the islands in Nia-
gara Eiver. (David F. Day.)

(492.) A. adsurgens, Pall. Common on gravel slopes at Morley
and up the Bow River valley to Canmore, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 111.

(493.) A. hypoglottis, Linn. In wet meadows at Morley and
westward in the Bow Eiver valley to Canmore ; not alpine. (Macoun.)
On the mountains at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Bartlett Bay,
Alaska. (Meehan.)

(494.) A. Drummondii, Dougl. Fossil Coulee, Milk River
Eidge, N.W.T., 1883. (Dawson.)
15

508 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(496.) A. aboriginum, Richards. Common on gravel ridges
from Morley westward in the Bow River valley to Silver City.
(Macoun.)

(498.) A. oroboides, Hornem. Yar. Americanus, Gray.
Abundant atMorley in the Bow River valley. (Macoun.)

Page 112.

(499.) A. alpinus, Linn. Nain and Nachvak, coast of Labrador ;
Cape Chudleigh and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)
Petitcodiac, N. B. (Brittain.) Tobique Village, N. B. (Dr. Bailey.)
Mouth of the Aroostook, N. B. ( Vroom..) Island of Orleans, near
Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Near Campbellton, N. B., 1876. (Chalmers.'}
Summits of the North and South Kootanie passes, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.) On all the higher mountains and far down in the valleys
of the Rockies on both sides of Bow River valley, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(500.) A. lotiflorus, Hook. Quite common on the prairie at
Medicine Hat and at numerous points on the clay soil along the Cana-
dian Pacific east to Swift Current. (Macoun.)

(504.) A. Cooperi, Gray. Islands in Niagara River and at Nia-
gara Falls. (David F. Day.)

Page 113.

(507.) A. frigidus, Gray. Var. Americanus, Watson. Rocky
thickets along Gasp£ Basin. Q. Abundant in wet thickets from Morley
westward through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia valley at
Donald, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Fossil Coulee, Milk River Ridge,
N.W.T. (Dawson.)

Var. littoral is, Watson. Whipsaw Creek, B.C. (Dawson.) This
is No. 524, Part I.

Page 114.

(513.) A. multiflorus, Gray. Belly River and foot-hills of
Rocky Mountains. (Damson.) On sandy knolls in the Bow River
valley at the mouth of the Kananaskis and westward for a few miles
up the valley. (Macoun.)

(514.) A. Bourgovii, Gray. On the summit of a mountain at
Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(515.) A. Palliseri, Gray. On dry gravelly slopes at Canmore
and Silver City in the Rocky Mountains, also very abundant at Donald,
in the Columbia Valley. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.)

(2125.) A. campestris, Gray. On gravelly shores along Bow
River at Morley, and westward up the valley to Canmore, within the
Rocky Mountains, 1885. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 509

143. OXYTROPIS.

Page 115.

(525.) O. podocarpa, Gray. On the eastern summit of the
North Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Abundant on
the Eocky Mountains above 7,000 feet, from Silver City to Kicking
Horse Lake. (Macoun.)

(526.) O. arctica, E. Br.

0. Uralensis, var. pumila, Ledeb. Part I., 115.

See Dr. Gray's Eevision of the Genus Oxytropis, Proced. Am. Acad.
A. & S.,Vol. XX., page 4. Place the Nova Scotia reference to 0. cam-
pestris here. The Eocky Mountain one goes under 0. monticola. Digges
Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Sell.) West of Cape Bathurst, Arctic
Coast. (Capt. Pullen.)

Page 116.

(527.) O. campestris, L. Var. ceerulea, Ko«h.
0. campestris, DC. Part L, page 116.

All western notices must be struck out and divided between 0. Lam-
berti and 0. monticola. The northern ones are likely the same, includ-
ing 0. leucantha, for the arctic coast specimens. Dr. Gray says this
species is only found in northern Maine, Quebec and Labrador. Ford's
Harbor and Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; also at Cape Chudleigh, and
Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait. (R. Sett.) Hillsides near Forteau
lighthouse, Labrador. (Sutler.) Mouth of the Tobique Eiver, and
Aroostook Falls, N.B. (Hay.)

(528.) O. Lambert!, Pursh. All references to this species in
Part I. must be considered mixed with O. monticola. Common on the
Cypress Hills, N. W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Western summit of North
Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.) At Long Lake north-
west of Qu'Appelle, and abundant at Morley and westward up the
Bow Eiver valley to Canmore and on the mountain tops to Kicking
Horse Lake. Common at Spence's Bridge and along the Fraser, B.C.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Lake, Alaska. (Meefian.)

(530.) O. nigrescens, Fisch. Cape Thompson on the American
side of Behrings Straits. (J. Mw'r, vide Gray.)

Var. arctobia, Gray.

O. arctica var. minor, Hook. Fl. I. 146.

Arctic sea-coast, collected by Capt. Parry and most later explorers.
(Gray.)

510 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(531.) O. splendens, Dougl. From Morley to Canmore, in the
Bow Eiver valley. Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
Page 117.

(532.) O. deflexa, DC. Both at low and high altitudes from
Morley to Canmore, Bow Eiver valley. Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

(2126.) O. viscida, Nutt.

0. campestris, var. viscida, Watson, Part I., 116.

Very fine and abundant along the Bow Eiver from the Blackfoot
Crossing, westward up the valley and through the Eocky Mountains
to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

(2127.) O. leucantha, Pers.

0. borealis, DC., Hook. Fl. I., 145, belongs here rather than to 0. <»m-
pestris, as in Part I., 116.

Cape Thompson, arctic sea-coast. (J. Muir.) Port Burwell, Cape
Chudleigh ; also, Cape Prince of Wales and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Specimens very distinct; stipules
chestnut colored and conspicuous.

(2128.) O. monticola, Gray.

0. Lamberli, Pursh, Part I., 116, in part.
0. campestris, DC., Part I., 116, in part.

Souris Plain, around Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)
Eat Creek, Manitoba, and westward across the prairie ; much more
common than O.Lamberti, and distinguished from it by its lax flowered
spikes, less downy leaves and darker haired calyx. It extends from
Morley to the " Gap," in the Bow Eiver valley. It is the true prairie
form. (Macoun.)

(2129.) O. Mertensiana, Turcz. Cape Lisburne, arctic coast
of Alaska. (Gray.)

144. HEDYSARUM.

Page 117.

(533.) H. boreale, Nutt. Abundant on the upper St. John, rarer
on the Tobique, Eel and other tributaries, Edmundston, 1ST.B. (Hay.)
Island of Anticosti. (St. Cyr.) Eather common at Morley and west-
ward to Canmore in the Bow Eiver valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Var. albiflorum, Macoun. This fine plant is closely related to
If. boreale, but is certainly distinct. All three forms grow together in
the Bow Eiver valley, but the habit of each is quite distinct from the
other. This form is peculiar to the foot-hills and drier mountain

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 511

slopes, and is abundant from the Kananaskis through the Rocky

Mountains to the Columbia valley at Donald, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)

(534.) H. Mackenzii, Richards. The H. canescens, Nutt., seems
to be a form which may be fairly separated from the species on
account of its habit and general appearance. Rather common on dry
gravelly ridges from Moose Mountain to Old Wives Lakes, and north-
westward to the Red Deer Lakes, and very likely common on gravel
throughout the driest part of the prairie region. (Macoun.) North
Branch of North Fork of Old Man River, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

577. ONOBRYCHIS, Csertn.

(2130.) O. SATIVA, Lam. Introduced at Point Abino, near Fort
Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

146. LESPEDEZA.

Page 119.

(546.) L. reticulata, Pers. Cooksville, Ont. (J. Ades Fowler.)

Pa«e 120.

(548.) L. capitata, Michx. Dry field borders, Windsor, Ont.
(J, M. Macoun.')

147. VICIA.

(549.) V. SATIVA, L. var. ANQUSTIFOLIA, Seringe. Occasionally found
in fields or on roadsides, Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) New
Mills, and Tobique, N. B. (Hay.} Quebec, near tke skating rink.,
(St. Cyr.) Along the Intercolonial railway at Pictou, N.S., and on
waste heaps at Ottawa, Ont. (Macoun.)

(550.) V. TETRASPERMA, Loisel. Petitcodiac and Moncton, N. B.
(Brittain.) Waste or open places around Pictou, N.S. (McKay.) In
the vicinity of Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

(551.) V. HIRSUTA, Koch. Grand Island, Mingan, River St. Law-
rence. (St. Cyr.) Rather rare at Cadboro' Bay, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)

512 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(553.) V. Carol iniana, Walter. A more than usually pubescent
form, growing in dry sandy woodlands, near Mount Pleasant, Brant Co.
Ont (Burgess.)

Page 121.

(554.) V. Americana, Muhl. Common on the Nipigon River,
north of Lake Superior. (Macoun.) Rupert House, James Bay.
(J. M. Macoun.)

Var. linearis, Watson. Very common along the Canadian Pacific
railway at Morley and westward up the Bow River valley, on gravel,
to Silver City, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.')

(555.) V. gigantea, Hook. At Sooke and Cadboro' Bay, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.')

(2131.) V. ? Apparently an introduction at Chinaman's

Ranche, near Cache Creek, B.C. (Fletcher.)

148. LATHYRUS.

(2132.) L. APHACA, Linn. On ballast heaps at Pictou, N.S. (Macoun.)

\
ISO. PHASEOLUS.

Page 122.

(562.) P. diversifolius, Pers. Found at Fort Erie, Ont., Sept.
1883, but rare. (David F. Day.) Rather common on the sand beach
at Rondeau, Lake Erie. (Macoun.)

152. BAPTISIA.

Page 123.

(564.) B. tinctoria, R. Br. Rather rare in sandy thickets at
Windsor, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)

153. GYMNOCLADUS,

(566.) C. CanadensiS, Lam. Reported on excellent authority
as abundant at Point Penetanguishine, Ont. (David F. Day.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 513

155. PRUNUS.

Page 125.

(572.) P. emarginata, Walp. Var. mollis, Brewer. Not
uncommon at Victoria, Vancouver Island, becoming a fine tree some-
times fifty feet high with a diameter of twelve inches. Tsi-tsutl
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)

Page 126.

(575.) P. serotina, Ehrh. One specimen noted on north side of
the St. Lawrence at Lorette, very common on the south side. (St. Cyr.)

Note.

Prunus domestica, Linn. Grows well on the Island of Orleans and
on the shore at Beauport. (St. Oyr.)

157. SPIR/EA.

(579.) S. betulifolia, Pall. var. rosea, Gray. On the slopes of
Mount Dawson, summit of the Selkirks, on the Canadian Pacific rail
way. (Macoun.)

Page 127.

(580.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Abunndant in thickets, in the neigh-
borhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

(582.) S. Aruncus, Linn. Very common in the valley of Beaver
Creek and in all the stream valleys of the Selkirk Range, B. C.
(Macoun.) On wet clay banks at Port Moody, B.C. (Fletcher.)
Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(583.) S. pectinata, Torr. & Gray. Very abundant on the beds of
snow-slides on all the mountains near the summit of the Selkirk Eange,
B.C. (Macoun.) York Mountain, near Sumass, in the valley of the
Fraser, B.C. (A. Bowman.')

158. NEILLIA.

Page 128.

(584.) N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. Var. mollis, Brew. &
Watson. In the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.) Lake Karmutzen,
Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)

514 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

159. GILLENIA.

Page 128.

(585.) C. trifoliata, Mcench. On rather moist sandy soil at the
edge of pine and chestnut woods, Brantford Township, Brant Co.,
Ont. (Burgess.}

I6O. RUBUS.

(588.) R. Chamaemorus, Linn. Ford's Harbor, coast of Lab-
rador ; Upper Savage Islands and Digges Island, Hudson Strait. (R.
Bell.') Straits of Belle Isle and Mingan Islands, River St. Lawrence.
(St. Cyr.} In peat bogs four miles south of Red Rock, Lake Superior.
(Macoun.} Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon River, Lat. 60°.
(Schwatka.}

Page 129.

(589.) R. arcticus, Linn. Grand Micatina, Mingan Islands, and
Anticosti, Q. (St. Cyr.} Peat bog four miles from Red Rock, Lake
Superior, and in other bogs near Port Arthur, Lake Superior. Com-
mon in low thickets from Morley westward through the Rocky and
Selkirk ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.} Fort Selkirk, Youcon River,
Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

Var. grand iflorus, Ledeb. Nam, and Nachvak, coast of Labra-
dor ; also at Cape Prince of Wales and Upper Savage Islands, Hudson
Strait. (.R. Bell.} Abundant in peat bogs, Salt Lake, Anticosti.
(Macoun.} Summit of Mount Albert, Shickshock Mountains. (Porter.)
Island of Ste. Genevieve, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.} Frequent in bogs
from Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to Donald,
Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}

(590.) R. Dalibarda, Linn. MadawaskaandBocabec,N.B. (Hay.}
He a la Chasse, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.} Dominion Springs, near
Ottawa ; also in damp woods at Casselman, 30 miles east of Ottawa.
(Fletcher.}

(591.) R. pedatus, Smith. Yery abundant in mountain woods
from Laggan westwai-d in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Western
summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.}
Page 130.

(593.) R. Stellatus, Smith. Sitka, Alaska. (Meehan.}

(694.) R. StrigOSUS, Michx. Petty Harbor and Brigus, eastern
part of Newfoundland. (JR. Bell.}

Page 131-

(600.) R. villosus, Ait. Brigus and Topsail, eastern part of New-
foundland. (E. Bell.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 515

161. PURSHiA.

Page 132.

(604.) P. tridentata, DC. Sand Creek, Kootanie valley, B. C.
(Daw son.)

162. DRYAS.

(605.) D. OCtopetala, Linn. Summit of the North Kootanie
Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.} Very common above 5,000 feet,
from the Kananaskis through the Eocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.}
Klootch-oot-a Lake, B.C. (Dawson.} Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.}

Var. integrifolia, Cham. <V Schlecht. Nachvak, coast of Lab-
rador ; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands,
Digges and Nottingham Islands, and at the Eskimo village of Hyla,
Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.} Hill tops, Armour, Labrador. (Butler.}
On an exposed point of rocks, South-west Point, Anticosti. (Macoun.}
Mingan Islands and at lie du Grand Micatina. (St. Cyr.}

(606.) D. Drummondii, Hook. On gravel at the mouth of
Jupiter Eiver, Anticosti. Abundant in the gravel at the mouths of
mountain streams from Morley through the Eocky Mountains to Don-
ald in the Columbia valley. Never on the mountain slopes. (Macoun.}

163. CEUM.

Page 133.

(608.) C. Virginianum, Linn. Borders of fields, near Windsor,
N.S. (Macoun.} Salmon Eiver and Norton, N.B. ( Wetmore & Hay.}

(609.) G. macrophyllum, Willd. Common in meadows and on
prairies from Morley westward through the Eocky and Selkirk Eanges,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Eocky Moantains. (Dawson.}
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Pyramid Harbor, Alaska.
(Meehan.) Along the water at La Canardiere, near Quebec. (St. Gyr.}

(612.) G. rivale, Linn. In springy places all along the coast of
Labrador. ( W. E. Stearns.} Isle St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Buckingham, P.Q., and Dow's Swamp, Ottawa. (Fletcher.}

164. WALDSTEINIA.

Page 134.

(617.) W. fragarioides, Tratt. Eel Eiver, Carleton Co., N.B.
(Say.}

16

516 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

165. SIBBALDIA.

Page 135.

(618.) S. procumbens, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to
Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.} Table Top Mountain, Gaspe". (Porter.}
On elevations over 5,000 feet, through the Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains, Tsi-tsutl Mountains, B.C. (Daicson.)

166. CHAM/ERHODOS.

(619.) C. erecta, Buuge. On dry gravelly slopes at Morley, and
westward in the Bow River valley to Kananaskis station in the
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

167. FRAGARIA.

(622.) F. Chilensis, Duchesne. Open woods near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.)

168. POTENTILLA.

Page 136.

(623.) P. arguta, Pursh. Watsheeshoo Bay, River St. Lawrence.
(8t. Cyr.)

(624.) P. glandulosa, Lindl. Thickets at Spence's Bridge, B.C.
(Fletcher.*)

(625.) P. Norvegica, Linn. Naiu, coast of Labrador. (E. Sell.)
Quite smooth and distinct from the ordinary form. Very likely the
P. Labradonca of Lehmann.

Var. hirsuta, Torr. & Gray. At Tadoussac, Q. (Sir Wm. Meddly-
cott, fide St. Cyr.}

P. rivalis, Nutt. Var. millegrana, Watson. Dry beds
of spring torrent* from Morley westward in the Bow River valley to
Silver City in the Rt>cky Mountains. (Macoun.}

(627.) P. supina, Liun. Shore of Lake Ontario at Four Mile
Creek, near the mouth of the Niagara River. (David F. Day.) Mus-
keg Island, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)

(628.) P. Pennsylvania, Linn. Mingan Harbor, River St.
Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Not uncommon around the South-west Point

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 517

lighthouse, Antieosti. Mungo Park's Point and Livingstone's Point,
Lake Nipigon, Ont. Common at Morley and westward in the Bow
Eiver valley to Can more in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 137.

Var. strigosa, Pursh. Very common on dry slopes from Mor-
ley westward up the Bow Eiver valley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Spence's Bridge, Thompson River, B.C. {Fletcher.')

Var. glabrata, Watson. On the lower grassy slopes at Kana-
naskis station, and in the meadows at Silver City, Rocky Mountains.

(Macoun.)

(630.) P. pulchella, R. Br. Nottingham. Island, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.')

Page 138.

(632.) P. effusa, Dougl. Souris Plain, near Moose Mountain
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)

(633.) P. Plattensis, Nutt. Moose Mountain Creek, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun.)

(634.) P. dissecta, Pursh. Common on the higher slopes of the
mountains through the Rocky and Selkirk ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Var. glaucophylla, Lehm. Summit of South Kootanie Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) On the summits of the Rocky and
Selkirk ranges from. Canmore westward, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Tsi-tsutl
Mountains, B.C. (Dawson.)

Var. multisecta, Watson. On the summit of Canmore Moun-
tain, Rocky Mountains ; apparently very rare. (Macoun.)

Var. pinnatisecta, Watson. On the summits of the moun-
tains at the Kananaskis, and Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(635.) P. gracilis, Dougl. On gravelly slopes and in meadows
from Morley to Silver City up the Bow River valley, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.) Mountain slopes, Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.) Slopes
on the Chilcoten valley, B.C. (Dawson.) On hillsides near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Cowley.)

Page 139.

(636.) P. PILOSA, Willd. Roadsides, Woodstock, Ont. (Millman.)
On the edge of a field at Clifton, near Niagara Falls. (David F. Day.)
This may be the P. erecta of Mr. Day's catalogue of Buffalo plants.

(637.) P. argentea, Linn. Roadside between Kentville and Cape
Blomidon, N. S. (Macoun & Burgess.) Point Edward and Sarnia,
Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

518 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(638.) P. humifusa, Nutt. Common from Moose Jaw to Medi-
cine Hat along the Canadian Pacific Kail way and on the Cypress Hills
and Moose Mountain. (J. M. Macoun.) On dry rocky ledges and on
gravel in the foot-hills at Morley and along the Bow River. (Macoun.)

(639.) P. nivea, Linn. Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.')

Var. Vahliana, Seem. On the summits of all the mountains
from Canmore to Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Lat.
51°. (Macoun.)

Yar. dissecta, Watson. On the summit of Castle Mountain at
Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.')

Page HO.

(641.) P. mactllata, Poir. Nain, and Nachvak, coast of Labra-
dor; also at Cape Chudleigh and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.) On hills, Amour, Labrador. (Butler.)

(643.) P. emarginata, Pursh. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to
Hudson Strait ; Upper Savage Islands, Digge's and Nottingham Islands,
and at the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) On
the summit of the northern part of Castle Mountain, Rocky Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Page 141.

(650.) P. Canadensis, L. var. simplex, Torr.&Gray. None of
our specimens are of the type and it is very doubtful if it is found in
the eastern provinces. Point Pleasant, near Halifax and at Kingston,
N.S. ; also at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.) Very common in sandy fields
around London, Ont. (Burgess.)

/
169. ALCHEMILLA.

Page 142.

(653.) A. vulgaris, Linn. Abundant on hillsides at Amour,
Labrador. (Butler.) Found in several localities along the Labrador
coast. ( W. E. Stearns.) Abundant on grassy slopes near the sea at
Yarmouth, N. S., and at North Sydney and Louisburg, Cape Breton.
(Macoun & Burgess.) Halifax Co. N. S. (Lawson.)

170. ACRIMONIA.

(654.) A. Eupatoria, Linn. Topsail, eastern part of Newfound-
land. (R. Bell.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 519

171. POTERIUM.

Page 143.

(656.) P. Canadense, Benth. & Hook. Topsail, Newfoundland.
(R. Bell.') Common on the dry sloping flats along the coast of Labra-
dor. ( W. E. Stearns.') Abundant on grassy places, Salt Lake, Anticosti.
(Macoun.) Beauport, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

(658.) P. Sitchense, Watson. Lake Lindeman source of the
Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62°, 45'. (Schwatka.)

(2133.) P. SANGDISORBA, Linn. Well established at Point Abino,
Lake Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

(2134.) P. annuum, Nutt. Hook. Fl, 1., 198.

Sanguisorba annua, Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 429.
At lake near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

172. ROSA.

Serano Watson, Esq., the able curator of Dr. Gray's Herbariums at
Harvard, Mass., has lately published a " History and Revision of the
Roses of North America," and this necessitates additional notes and
corrections iu our notice of this genus in Part I.

(660.) R. Carolina, Linn. This species and the next have fre-
quently been confounded, but they are easily separated by their leaves,
and stipules, this species having " leaflets finely many toothed," while
in the next they are " coarsely toothed." None of our eastern speci-
mens are of this species, but all belong to the next. We have it only
from Ontario, and Mr. Watson quotes it from Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick on my authority, which he clearly shows to be incorrect.
Meech's Lake, near Chelsea, Q. (Ami.)

(661.) R. lucida, Ehrh. Newfoundland. (Osborn.) Whycocog-
mah, Cape Breton, and at numerous places in Nova Scotia. (Macoun
& Burgess.) Border of Gogoggan Lake, Guysboro' Co., Nova Scotia.
(Faribault.) Quite common at St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.) Whiskey
Island, Georgian Bay. (J. Bell.)

Page 144.

(662:) R. blanda, Ait. On rocks and rocky shores of rivers and
lakes from Newfoundland to Hudson Bay, and west to Lake Winnipeg.
(Watson.) Glenleg, Guysboro' Co., N.S. (Faribault^) Petitcodiac,

520 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

KB. (Brittain.} On the Tobique Eiver, KB. (Hay.} Along the
M.etapedia, near the Restigouche. (Chalmers.} Jupiter River, Anti-
costi, and along the Gasp£ coast, quite common. (Macoun.} Levis
and Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr.~) Fort Garry, Manitoba. (Bourgeau.}

(2135.) R. Sayii, Schwein.

R. blanda, var. setigera. Part I.

Lake Mistassini and Rupert River, the only rose. (J. M. Macoun.}
Island of Orleans, River St. Lawrence, and Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (St.
Cyr.} Dry fields at Belleville, Ont., and abundant, north of Lake
Superior, and on the shores of Lake Nipigon and its islands. Common
at Morley and westward up the Bow River valley to Canmore and
Silver City, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.} Abundant on the slopes of the
Cypress Hills and along their base. (J. M. Macoun.} At the base of
the Rocky Mountains. (Drummond & Bourgeau.} From Cumberland
House on the Saskatchewan to the Mackenzie River. (Richardson.}

(663.) R. Arkansana, Porter.

R. acieularis, var. Bourgeauiana, Part I.

At Brandon, Manitoba. (Scott.} Souris Plain near Moose Moun-
tain, and at Maple Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} .The most abun-
dant prairie rose, in fact, the only species on the open prairie. Rapid
City (1872), River-that-turns (1879), and extremely abundant on the
Souris Plain, south-east of Regina (1880), and abundant (though a
doubtful form) at Morley and Kananaskis in the Bow River valley.
(Macoun.)

(664.) R. Californica, Cham. & Schlect. Along the Thompson
River, B.C. (Macoun.} Specimens identical with mine were collected
by Mr. James Fletcher in nearly the same locality and have been
doubtfully referred to R. pisocarpa by Mr. Watson. I retain them
under this species for the present. The Vancouver Island form belongs
to the next species, and the one from Qualcho Lake to R. Nutkana.

(2136.) R. pisocarpa, Gray. Yery abundant in thickets on
Vancouver Island, also found in the Fraser valley below Yale.
(Fletcher.} Vancouver Island, British Columbia. (Kellogg.}

(666.) R. Nutkana, Presl. In the Columbia valley at Donald,
and along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.}
Near Old Man River, N.W.T., and at Columbia Lakes, Rocky Moun-
tains. (Dawson.} Common around Victoria and up the Fraser and
Thompson rivers, B.C. (Fletcher.} Observatory Inlet, B.C. (Scouler.}
Hernando Island and Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (Dawson.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 521

Page 145.

(667.) R. nitida, Willd. Topsail, Newfoundland. (R. Sell.')
G-lenleg, G-uysboro' Co., N.S, (Faribault.) Abundant at Kingston,
N.S. (Macoun&Burgesss.} Bass Eiver, Kent Co., N.B.. 1868. (Fowler.}

(668.) R. Fendleri, Crepin.

R. parviflora, Part I.
Near Sand creek, Kootanie valley, B.C. (Dawson.)

(213*7.) R. acicularis, Lindl. Fort Simpson on the Mackenzie
Eiver; also, at, Fort Youcon, and in the Kuskokoin valley, and on the
Kowak Eiver, and on St. Michel's Island, Alaska. (Watson.}

(2138.) R. Woodsii, Lindl. On the Saskatchewan Eiver at Carl-
ton. (Bourgeau.) Great Slave Lake and other places. (Richardson.)
Abundant at Canmore, on the upper benches, Eoeky Mountains, Lat.
51°. (Macoun.)

(2139.) R. humilis, Marsh.

R. parviflora, Ehrh. Beitr. IV., 21.

R. Lyonii, Pursh, FL I., 345.

R. lucida, Part L, in part. Ontario localities.

Along the Detroit Eiver, Ont. (Grillman.) Near Ferry Point,
Prince Edward Co. ; also, on Eice Lake Plains, near Castleton,
Northumberland Co., and at Leamington, Essex Co., Ont. (Macoun.)

(2140.) R. PRUINOSA, Baker. Forming extensive thickets near an
old mill at the head of the North-west Arm, near Halifax, N. S.
(Macoun & Burgess.)

(6*70.) R. micrantha, Smith. Eather common at the ruins of
Old Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.) The common form along road-
sides in central Ontario. (Macoun.} Common at Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)

173. PIRUS.

(6*72.) P. MALUS, Linn. Common in thickets on the Niagara pen-
insula at and near Queenston. (Macoun.) Spontaneous in abandoned
fields near Port Colborne, Ont. (David F. Day.)

(673.) P. arbutifolia, Linn. Brigus, eastern part of Newfound-
land. (R. Bell.)

Page 146.

(674.) P. Americana, DC. Specimens referred by me to this
species were obtained at Bedford, N.S., and others from Campbellton,

522 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

N.B., are identical with them. Mr. Watson believes the former to be
P. Arcuparia, and hence introduced. We may have three forms in-
stead of two in Canada, and eastern collectors would do well to pro-
cure specimens in both fruit and flower.

Var. microcarpa, Torr. & Gray.

Sorbus Aucuparia, var. a. Michx. Fl. I., 290.
S. microcarpa, Pursh, Fl. I., 341.

Not rare along the Labrador coast. (W. E. Stearns.) Not uncom-
mon north of Lake Superior, also at Current River, 1884. (Macoun)

174. CRAT/ECUS.

Page 147.

(679.) C. tomentosa, Linn. Neighborhood of Quebec and along
the road to Lorette. (St. Cyr.)

Var. punctata, Gray. Ste. Anne de la Parade, Champlain Co.,
Q. (St. Cyr.)

Page 148.

(682.) C. Douglas ii, Lindl. Stone Fort, Red River, near Sel-
kirk, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) Emerson, Red River, Man. Dr. Burgess
writes that it is likely all Dr. Dawson's specimens should be placed
here. Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Tail Creek, near
Buffalo Lake, Red River, N.W.T. (David Macoun.) Wild Horse
Creek, Kootanie valley, B.C. (Dawson) In thickets at Winnipeg and
westward to the Rocky Mountains ; also in the Columbia valley at
Donald and along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B. C.
(Macoun.) Apparently all the prairie Cratcegus is this form, but
whether it is identical with the Pacific form is still an open question.

(683.) C. rivularis, Nutt. Flathead River, B.C. (Dawson.) In
thickets at the mouth of Harrison River, Fraser valley, B.C., 1875.
(Macoun.) Base of York Mountain, near Sumass, Fraser valley, B.C.
(A. Bowman.) Common in the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.)

175. AMELANCHIER.

(684.) A. alnifolia, Watson. Port Arthur, west side of Lake
Superior, along the shore; also in thickets at Emerson, Man. (Bur-
gess.) We now refer the whole of the prairie Amelanchier to this form,
as well as that found in the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Fort Sel-
kirk, Youcon River, Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 523

176. SAXIFRACA.

Pag* 149.

(687.) S. oppositifolia, Linn. Cape Chudloigh, Diggcs, Not-
tingham, and Mansfield Islands and at the Eskimo village of Hyla,
Hudson Strait. (E. Bell'} On rock, at Amour, Labrador coast.
(Butler.') On gravel at the mouths of Jupiter River and Riviere de Brig,
Anticosti. On the very highest summits of Copper, Castle, and other
mountains, at Kicking Horse Lake, Eocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)
Page 150.

(688.) S. Aizoon, Jacq. Minister's Face, River St. John, N.B.
(Wetmore.} Island of St. Charles, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) On rocks
Peninsula Harbor, Lake Superior, and on the Outer Barn, and
Burnt Island, Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.)

(2141.) S. Pennsylvanica, Linn. Low places, near Fort Erie,
Ont. (David F. Day.}

(690.) S. csespitosa, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape
Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, the Sleeper Islands, and Digges,
Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait. (E. Bell.}
Grand Island, Mingan, Q. (St. Cyr.) On the summits, amongst broken
rocks, from Canmore through the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Var. uniflora, Hook. Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage
Islands, Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait.
(E. Bell.} Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains.
(Dawson.)

(692.) S. adscendens, Linn. Eastern summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Daicson.) On the slopes and
summits of the Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, along brooks and
ravines, from Castle Mountain to the Selkirk summit, B.C., Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.)

Page 151.

(693.) S. rivularis, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh and Nottingham Island, Hudson Strait. (E. Bell.) In
wet boggy places on the summits of the higher Rocky Mountains,
from Copper and Castle Mountains westward to Kicking Horse Lake.
(Macoun.)
17

524 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(2142.) S. debilis, Engelm.

S. rmdaris, Watson, in King's Rep- V., 93.

Summit of the South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1881.
(Dawson.) On the wet slopes of Mount Carroll, near snow-drifts, Bear
Creek, Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°, 1885. (Macoun.)

(695.) S. cernua, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales,
Digges, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, and the Eskimo village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Eatlier rare on the summits of the
higher Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

Page 152.

(698.) S. nivalis, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Capo
Chudleigh, Upper Savage Islands, Digges and Nottingham Islands
and the Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.') On the
summits of all the higher Rocky Mountains from Canmore to Kicking
Horse Lake, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Eastern summit of North Kootanio
Pass, Rocky Mountains, and on Michel Creek, B.C. (Dawson.)

(703.) S. leucanthemifolia, Michx. var.ferruginea, T. & (T.

Abundant along mountain brooks around the summit of the Selkirks,
B.C., Lat. 51.° (Macoun.) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)

PMC .153..

(704.) S. Lyallii, Engler. Abundant along brooks and wet.
slopes from Silver City through the Rocky Mountains westward to
Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains,
(Dawson.)

(707.) S. punctata, Linn. Along brooks and in damp crevices
of rocks on mountains around the summit of the Selkirk Range, B.C.
(Macoun.) Eastern summit of the North Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.)

(709.) S. heterantha, Hook. Along brooks and in crevices of
damp rocks high up on the mountains at the Selkirk summit, B.C. ;
very rare. (Macoun.) Crow Nest Pass and South Kootanie. Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

Page 154.

(710.) S. Hirculus, Linn. Digges, Nottingham, and Mansfield
Islands, and Eskimo village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

(712.) S. bronchialis, Linn. Very common on the lower slopes
of the Rocky Mountains, from the foot-hills to Kicking Horse Lake,
Bow River valley. (Macoun.) Michel Creek, Rocky Mountains.
(Daivson.) Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Vancouver Island.

(Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 525

(713.) S. tricuspidata, Eetz. Nachvak, coast of Labrador;
Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands, the Sleeper's Islands,
Digge's, Nottingham and Mansfield Islands, Hudson Strait (S. Bell.')
Lake Lindeman, source of the Youcon Eiver, Lat. 60°. (Schwatka.)
Chilcat Inlet, Alaska, (Meehan.)

Page 155.

(714.) S. aizoides, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador; Cape
Chudleigh, and Cape Prince of "Wales, Mansfield Island and Eskimo
village of Hyla. (JR. Bell} He Ste. Geneviere, Mingan, Q. (8t. Cyr.)
Abundant along streams, Anticosti. Along brooks and in damp
crevices of rocks in ravines, from Kananaskis through the Eocky and
Selkirk Eanges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) Michel Creek, B.C. (Dawson.)

177. BOYKINIA.

(715.) B. OCCidentaliS, Torr. & Gray. At the waterfall, Gold-
stream. Vancouver Island, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)

178. TOLMIEA.

(717.) T. Menziesii, Torr. & Gray. Near the railway station,
Port Moody, B.C. (Sill.')

179. TELLIMA.

(718.) T. grandiflora, E. Br. On the upper slopes of the Eocky
Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake; also abundant along mountain
brooks, flowing into Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Slopes, Spence's Bridge, B. C. (Fletcher.') Harrisburg, Alaska.
(Meehan.)

Page 156.

(719.) T. parviflora, Hook. Western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(2143.) T. tenella, Walp.

Lithophragma tenella and L. glabra, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I.; 584.
In and by rills near snow, at the source of Swift Current Creek,
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. 8th June, 1884. (J. M. Macoun.}

526 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

180. TIARELLA.

(721.) T. unifoliata, Hook. In thick woods on mountain sides
from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rockies to the summit of the Selkirk
Range, B.C. (Macoun.') In woods at Michel Creek, Rocky Mountains.
(I) aw son.}

(722.) T. trifoliata, Linn. In woods at Comox, Vancouver
Island. (Daivson.)

181. MITELLA.

Page 15?!

(725.) M. pentandra, Hook. Very abundant on beds of snow
slides at Kicking Horse Lake in the Rockies and westward to the
summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.}

(726.) M. triflda, Graham. Abundant on Cathedral Mountain,
Kicking Horse Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.*)

(2144.) M. Breweri, Gray. On the western summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.^) On the slopes
of Mounts Carroll and Dawson, Selkirk Range, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.^

182. HEUCHERA.

(728.) H. micrantha, Dougl. Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.)
North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, and Cold water River,
B.C. (Dawson.}

(729.) H. glabra, Willd. Abundant on the slopes of Mounts
Carroll and Dawson, and along Bear Creek and other small streams at
the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.*) Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.}

Page 158.

(731.) H. cylindrica, Dougl. var. alpina, Watson.
H. Hallii, Gray. Part I.

All references under H. Hallii, belong here. Crow Nest Pass,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.'} On mountain slopes at Kananaskis
and Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.')

(732.) H. parviflora, Nutt. Milk River Ridge, N.W.T., 1883.
(Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 527

184. PARNASSIA.

(737.) P. palustris, Linn. Bartlett Bay, Alaska. (Meehan.}

(738.) P. parviflora, DC. Mingan lalands. (St. Cyr.} Eather
common at the mouth of Jupiter and other rivers, Anticosti. Not
uncommon at low altitudes, from Silver City in the Rocky Mountains
westward to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°. (Macoun )

(739.) P. Caroliniana, Michx. Abundant at the mouth of the
Eiviere de Brig at English Bay, Anticosti. (Macoun.) Near the waters
edge at the Whirlpool, Niagara Eiver, and in crevices of rocks near
surface of Lake Erie at Abino Point, Ont. (David F. Day.'}

Page 160.

(740.) P. Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht. Eather rare on high
elevations on Copper Mountain and the peaks around Kicking Horse
Lake, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.')

(741.) P. fimbriata, Koenig. Abundant along mountain streams
from Silver City in the Eocky Mountains to the summit of the Sel-
kirks, B.C. (Macoun.) North Branch of Old Man Eiver, Eocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Fort Selkirk, Youcon Eiver, Lat. 62° 45'.

186. LEPTARRHENA.

(742.) L. py roll folia, E. Br. Along mountain brooks, from 4000
feet up to the limit of permanent snow on the mountains at the Selkirk
summit, B.C., Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

186. PHILADELPHIA.

(743.) P. Lewisii, Pursh. In the Kootanie valley, B.C. (Daw-
son.') Fraser Eiver valley, and at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(744.) P. Gordonianus, Lind. Near Sumass Lake, Fraser Eiver
valley, B.C. (A. .Bowman.)

187. RISES.

(749.) R. Cynosbati, Linn. Petnbina Mountain specimens re-
ferred here belong to R. oxyacanthoides.

528 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

Page 162.

(751.) R. setosum, Lindl. Shores of Lake ISTipigon, growing in
sand. (Macoun.*) Grindstone Point, Lake Winnipeg; Moose Moun-
tain, and Moose- Jaw Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Frequent on
dry ground and in thickets, from Morley westward up the Bow River
valley to Canmore, within the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.*)

Page 163.

(754.) R. Hudsonianum, Richards. On the roadside, in a
swamp between Colborne and Castleton, Northumberland Co., Ont.,
and in abundance in swamps at Red Rock, Lake Superior and around
Lake Nipigon. (Macoun.*) Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg, and at Maple
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) This is the " black currant" of the
prairie regions, and produces abundance of fine fruit. Common in a
swamp near Reed Lake, N.W.T. ; in thickets, from Morley through
the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Fort Wrangel, Alaska, (Meehan.~)

(759.) R. viscosissimum, Pursh. South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains. (Dawson.) Very abundant on the lower slopes of the
mountains at the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. Fruit, dark purple, cov-
ered with a bloom, and black hairs. Has the habit of H. laxiflorum, but
is doubtfully referred here. Possibly a new species. (Macoun.)

188. PENTHORUM.

Page 164.

(762.) P. sedoides, Linn. Beauport near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)
189. SEDUM.

(763.) S. ACRE, Lindl. In the Cemetery at St. Charles, Q. (St. Cyr.)

(764.) S. Stenopetalum, Pursh. Abundant on the lower or
sub-alpine slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from the Kananaskis to
Kicking Horse Lake. (Macoun.) In crevices of rocks near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.')

(2145.) S. Douglasii, Hook. Fl. I., 228. East end of Cypress
Hills, N. W. T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.') Rocky slopes, Crow Nest
Lake, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.*)

Page 165.

(769.) S. Rhodiola, DC. Nain, Nachvak and Ford's Harbor,
coast of Labrador ; also Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.")
Mingan Islands and He du Grand Mecatina. (St. Cyr.') Minister's

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 529

Face, N.B. (Wetmore.') At St. George, five miles from the coast, N.B.
(Vroom.) On damp slopes, in ravines and rock crevices, from the
Kananaskis to Silver City, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°.

(770.) S. Rhodanthum, Gray. Mr. Watson places the speci-
mens with the preceding species, and hence this name must be dropped.

I9O. DROSERA.

(772.) D. Anglica, Hudson. Specimens from the Porcupine
Mountains, Man., Lat. 53° belong here. Abundant in bogs and marshes
along Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountain, Lat. 51° B.C. (Macoun.}

Page 166.

(773.) D. intermedia, Drev. & Hayne. Var. Americana, DC.

Abundant in a marsh at Salt Lake, Anticosti. (Macoun.) St. John
Co., KB. (Hay.} Lac Travers, Champlairi Co., Q. (St. Cijr.}

192. MYRIOPHYLLUM.

•
(776.) M. spicatum, Linn. In ponds and stagnant water, from

Morley through the Rocky Mountains, at low altitudes, to the Colum-
bia valley and the Selkirks along Beaver Creek.

193. PROSERPINACEA.

Page 167.

(780.) P. palustris, Linn. Digdeguash and St. Patrick, Char-
lotte Co., N.B. (Vroom.~)

194. HIPPURUS.

(781.) H. vulgaris, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, Hudson Strait.
(B. Bell}

(782.) H. maritima, Hellenius. Digges Island, off Cape Wols-
tonholme, Hudson Strait. (B. Bell.) Anse du Grand Etang ; also,
south shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Gaspe Co., Q. (St. Cyr.~)

Page 168.

(783.) H. montana, Ledeb. In the flats along Glacier Creek a
little above the railway bridge west of the Selkirk summit, 1885, Lat.
5 L°. (Macoun.)

530 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

578. CALLITRICHE, Linn. (WATER STAR-WORT.)

(2146.) C. verna, Linn. Common in ditches, pools and streams,
from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, through Quebec, Ontario, and
the prairie region, and across the Rocky Mountains into British
Columbia.

(2147.) C. autumnalis, Linn. In a pond at Rothesay station,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} In Brigham's Creek, near Hull, Q. (Fletcher.)
Abundant, Railway Bay, near Prescott, Ont. (Billings.) In the Bay
of Quinte at Zwick's Island, and Hay Bay, near Belleville, Ont.
(Macoun.) Pools in Wascana Creek, near Regina, N.W.T. (G(,wdry.~)
Souris River, south-west of Moose Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)

196. EPILOBIUM.

(786.) E. angustifolium,L. var. canescens, Wood. Lakeof
the Woods, Man. (Burgess.f

Page 169.

(788.) E. luteum, Pursh. In swamps, along brooks and around
springs, Beaver and Bear Creek valleys, in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C.
(Macoun.'}

(789.) E. alpinum, Linn. Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson
Strait. (R. Sell.) On the summits of Copper and Castle Mountains,
and westward through the Rockies to the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.) Pyramid Harbor and Keneshow Island, Alaska. (Meehan.)

Page 170.

(792.) E. coloratum, Muhl. Brigus, east coast of Newfound-
land. (E. Bell.)

(793.) E. minutum, Lindl. Yale Mountain, B. C. (Fletcher.')
Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)

(795.) E. paniculatum, Nutt. Along a dry ravine at the Sweet
Grass Hills. N.W.T. (Burgess.) Departure B,ay, Vancouver Island.
(Meehan.) Abundant at Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(796.) E. molle, Torrey. In a swamp at Kingston, N. S.
(Burgess.)

(797.) E. afflne, Boug. Fort Wrangel, Alaska. (Meehan.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 531

197. (ENOTHERA.

Page 173.

(807.) <E. czespitosa, Nutt. Moose Jaw Creek, N.W.T. (J.
M. Macoun.)

198. CODETIA.

(810.) C. amoena, Lilja. Abundant along the Sooke Koad,
Yancouver Island. (Fletcher.")

(2148.) C. epilobioides, Watson.

CEnotJiera epttobioides, Nutt Torr. & Gray, Fl. L, 511.
Mount Finlayson, Yancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

200. BOISDUVALIA.

Page 174.

(813.) B. densiflora, "Watson. On dry gravelly ground around
Victoria, Yancouver Island, 1883. (Fletcher.)

2OI. CAURA.

(816.) C. biennis, Linn. At Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

202. CIRCCEA.

Page 175.

(819.) C. Paciflca, Aschers. At Donald in the Columbia valley
and westward up Beaver Creek valley ; quite common around the
Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)

Note.

Melastomacex and Lythracece were inadvertantly placed after
Onagracece, instead of before it, as they should have been.

203. RHEXIA.

(820.) R. Virginica, Linn. In wet crevices of rocks close to
water's edge, Black-stone Lake, Muskoka Co., Ont. (Burgess.')
18

532 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

204. LYTHRUM.

(821.) L. alatum, Pursli. Low \vet sandy places at Point Ed-
ward, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.) In ditches along the Great Western
railway, four miles east of Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.')

(822.) L. Salicaria, Linn. Abundant in meadows amongst the
ruins of Louisburg, Cape Breton. (Macoun & Burgess.) Island of
Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.) Longueuil, P.Q. (T. V. Macdonald.)

206. MENTZELIA.

Page 176.

(825.) M. Isevicaulis, Torr. & Gray. Mountain side, Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

207. SICYOS.

(827.) S. angulatus, Linn. Point Abino, Lake Erie, Ontario.
(David F. Day.)

208. ECHINOCYSTIS.

(828.) E. lobata, Torr. & Gray. Surely indigenous in this neigh-
borhood. Various places in Ontario, near Buffalo. (David F. Day.)
Abundant in willow and other thickets west shore of Lake Winnipeg ;
also along the Souris and Qu'Appelle Eivers. (J. M. Macoun.) Indi-
genous along river banks at London and other places in western
Ontario. (Burgess.)

210. OPUNTIA.

Page 178.

(2149.) O. fragilis, Haw. Not uncommon on dry rocks, on
islands in the Lake of the Woods, 1884. (A. 0. JJawson.) This, then,
must be the plant referred to by Sir John Eichardson as the " prickly
pear," but which has not been detected within the last half century.
On dry rocks, Hernando and neighbouring islands, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C., 1885. (Dawson.) Cadboro' Bay, Victoria, Vancouver Island,
(Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 533

211. MOLLUGO.

(833.) M. verticillata, Linn. Abundant on the railway track
at Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.*) Fort Erie, Ont. (David F. Day.)

213. SANICULA.

(835.) S. Canadensis, Linn. Lower Norton and Sussex, N.B.
(Brittain*) Ellis Bay, Anticosti. (St. Cyr.)

Page 179.

(836.) S. Mary land ica, Linn. Near Bull Eiver bridge, Koo-
tanie valley, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Common at the Kanan-
askis, Eocky Mountains, and in the Columbia valley at Donald, B.C.
(Macoun.*) At Agassiz, Eraser Eiver valley, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(837.) S. Menziesii, Hook. & Arn. Cedar Hill, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.*)

(839.) S. bipinnatiflda, Dougl. Beacon Hill, Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.*)

214. CONIUM.

(840.) C. maculatum, Linn. At Fort Erie, Ont. (David F.
Day.) Not uncommon in the streets of Sarnia, Ont. (Macoun.*)

215. MUSENIUM.

(841.) M, divaricatum, Nutt. Moose Mountains, and Swift
Current Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Along Belly Eiver, N.W.T.
(Dawson.*) Eegina, N.W.T. (Cowdry.)

Page 180.

Var. Hooker i, Torr. & Gray.

M. trachyspermum, Nutt. Porter Fl. Col. 51.

Abundant in crevices of rocks at Morley along the Bow Eiver.
(Macoun.*) Foot-hills near Pinch er Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

218. CARUM.

(846.) C. Cairdneri, Benth. & Hook. In the dry beds of streams
50 miles south of Battleford. (Macoun.) North Fork of Old Man
Eiver, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

534 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

220. THASPIUM.

Page 181.

(848.) T. barbinode, Nutt. Foster's Flats, Niagara Kiver, Ont.,

1884. (Macoun.}

(849.) T. aureum, Nutt. Norton, Rothesay, and Kennebekasis
River, N.B. {Hay.} Selkirk, near the mouth of Eed Kiver, Man.
(J. M. Macoun.} Casselman, 30 miles from Ottawa. (Miss I. Grant.*)

579. BERULA.

(2150.) B. angustifolia, Koch.

Sium angustifolium, Linn. Gray, Man. 196, 1868.

S.pusillum, Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. I., 611.

f Hdosciadium (?) Californicum, Hook. Fl. 1., 260.

Near Port Colborne, Ont., July, 1882. (David F. Day.}

225. BUPLEURUM.

/

Page 182.

(857.) B. ranunculoides, Linn. Fort Selkirk, Youcon River,
Lat. 62° 45'. (Schwatka.}

(2151.) B. ROTUNDIPOLIUM, Linn. On ballast heaps, St. John, N.B.
(Say.} Ottawa. (Fletcher.}

226. OSMORRHIZA,

Page 183.

(858.) O. longistylis, DC. Pollot River, near Petitcodiac, N.B.
(Brittain.} Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.} Campbellton, N.B.
(Chalmers.} Camp Alexander, Nipigon River, Ont. (Macoun.} Med-
icine Hat, South Saskatchewan River. (J. M. Macoun.}

(860.) O. nuda, Torrey. Abundant in low thickets from the
Kananaskis in the Rocky Mountains westward to the Selkirks, B.C.
I have neveiv observed 0. breoistylis in the mountains. (Macoun.}
Common on Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

227. CLYCOSMA.

(861,) C. occidentale, Nutt. Western summit of North Koo-
tanie Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 535

584. (ENANTHE, Linn.
(2206.) <E. sarmentosa, Nutt.

Phellandrium agualicum, Pursh Fl . L, 195.
Departure Bay, Vancouver Island. (Meehan.)

23O. LICUSTICUM.

Page 184.

(864.) L. Scoticum, Linn. Caribou, coast of Labrador. (Butler.}
Eather common on the Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.} Abundant on the
shores of Anticosti, at Salt Lake and other points. (Macoun.) Sea-
shore near St. John, N.B. (Hay.) Baie des Chaleurs, near Campbell-
ton, N.B. (Chalmers.)

(2207.) L. apiifolium, Bcnth. & Hook.

Oynapium apiifolium, Nutt. Torr. & Gray Fl. I., 641.

Abundant in marshes along Beaver Creek and other streams in the
Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

231. SELINUM.

(866.) S. Canadense, Michx. Crevices of rocks, St. Mary's
Eiver, Anticosti. (Macoun.} Spurr'g Cove, St. John, N.B. (-Hay.)
Campbellton, N.B. (Chalmers.} St. Irdnde, Charlevois Co., Q. (St. Cyr.)

Page 185.

(868.) S. Benthami, Watson. Michel Creek, Eocky Moun-
tains ; Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (Dawson.} The specimens from
both localities are very imperfect and are placed here provisionally.

232. ANGELICA.

'(2152.) A. Dawsoni, Watson. Summit of South Kootanie Pass,
1881; and Crow Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. Mr. Sereno
Watson considers this a very distinct species and has very properly
named it after the discoverer, Dr. Or. M. Dawson, who has done so
much in working out our Eocky Mountain flora.

(2153.) A. Lyallii, Watson (?). An imperfect specimen collect-
ed on the summit of the South Kootanie Pass, Eocky Mountains, by
Dr. G. M. Dawson in August, 1881, is referred here. It is without
fruit but agrees perfectly in leaves and flowers.

536 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

333. ARCHANCELICA.

(871.) A. atropurpurea, Hoffm. Not uncommon along the
coast of Anticosti at Salt Lake. (Macoun.} Both sides of Niagara
River. (David F. Day.") Common at London, Ont. (Burgess.}

Page 186.

(872.) A. Cmelini, DC. Along the south-west coast of Anticosti,
not rare. (Macoun.} Straits of Belle Isle and Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.}
Sooke, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher. } Harrisburg, Alaska. (Meehan.}

234. CYMOPTERUS.

(875.) C. glomeratus, Raf. In gravelly soil, Moose Mountain
Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Dry prairie near Regina, N.W.T.
(N. H. Cowdry.}

235. PEUCEDANUM.

(876.) P. leiocarpum, Nutt. Drew's Harbor, B.C. (Dawson.}

Page 187.

(877.) P» triternatum, Nutt. East of Crow Nest Lake, Crow
Nest Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.} Not uncommon on a
dry flat west of Canmore station, Rocky Mountains, Lat. 51°, 1885.
(Macoun.}

(880.) P. fceniculaceum, Nutt. Cypress Hills and Moose
Mountain, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Regina. N.W.T. (N. H. Coivdry.}

(881.) P. macrocarpum, Nutt. Moose Mountain Creek and
Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.'}

Var (?) eurycarpum, Gray. On dry gravelly hillsides, along the
Kicking Horse River, at Golden City, Columbia valley, 1885. (Macoun.}

(2154.) P. villosum, Nutt. Coal Banks. Belly River, N.W.T.,

1883. (Dawson.} Maple Creek, N.W.T., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.}

(2155.) Pv- - ? Summit of South Kootanie Pass, 1881 ; also,
summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Daw son.'

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 53T

237. FERULA.

Page 188.

, (884.) F. dissoluta, Watson. Abundant in the vicinity of Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.*)

238. DAUCUS.

(886.) D. pusillus, Michx. Var. microphyllus, Ton. & Gr.
Drew's Harbor and Mary Island, B.C. (Dawson.*)

(88f.) D. CAROTA, Linn. Has been firmly established for years
near the village of Nelson. Hal ton Co., Out. A common roadside
weed. (Burgess.*).

58O. CAUCALIS, Linn.

(2156.) C. NODOSA, Huds. Adventitious in waste places, St.
Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.)

24O. ARALIA.

Page 189.

(891.) A. nudicauliSj Linn. Abundant in thickets at Morley
and Kananaskis, Eocky Mountains ; also in the valley of the Columbia
and westward in the Selkirks. (Macoun.*) In the mountains, Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.*)

(892.) A. quinquefolia, Decaisne. Beechwood and Powell's
Grove, Ottawa. (Macoun.*) Eich woods around London, Ont.
(Burgess.**) Maple woods, 2nd range of Orvilliers, Ste. Anne de la
Perade, Q. (St. Cijr.)

241. FATSIA.

(894.) F. horrida, Benth. & Hook. Very abundant in the valley
of Beaver Creek, and westward through the. Selkirks, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.*) On the Kicking Horse Eiver in one locality, and sparingly
southward in a few other places on west side of Eocky Mountains,
(Dawson.*) Pyramid Harbor, and Harrisburg, Alaska, (Meehan,*)

538 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF CAJTADA.

242. CORNUS.

Page 190.

(895.) C. Canacfensis, Linn. Coast of Labrador at Nain.
(B. Bell)

(896.) 8. Suecica, Linn. Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador.
(R. Ben.) Wutstreeshoo, Mingan Island. (St. Cyr.)

(899.) C. Nuttallii, Audubon. Abundant on Mount Finlayson
and around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

Page 191.

(903.) C. pubescens, Nutt. Abundant at Victoria and in the
Fraser Eiver valley, B.C. (Fletcher)

(906.) C. alterntfblia, Linn. Borders of the Eiver St. Charles,
Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

PART II.

245. SAMBUCUS.

Page 193.

(215*7.) S. melanocarpa, Gray. Very common on beds of
snow-slides and in damp thickets from Donald in the Columbia valley
through the Selkirks. (Macoun.)

(909.) S. racemosa, Linn. Both this and var. pubens are made
one form in Gray's late work, and should be united under the above
name.

Var. arborescens, Torr. & Gray. Washington Territory to Sitka.
(Gray.) It is probable our Pacific Coast form is this variety.

546. VIBURNUM.

Page 194.

(912.) V. cassinoides, Linn. Eead thus instead of V. nudum,
var. cassinoides, Torr. & Gray.

(913.) V. dentatlim, Linn. Chiputneticook Falls, and St.
Stephen, N.B. ( Vroom.) In thickets on Pelee Point, Essex Co., Ont.
(Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 539

Page 195.

(916.) V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Tay's Mills, York Co., N.B.
(Moser.) Along the Tobique River, N.B. (.flay.) Topsail, east coast
of Newfoundland. (R. Bell.) Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.) New
Westminster, B.C. (Fletcher.}

247. LINN/EA.

(919.) L. borealis, Gronqv. Var. longiflora, Torrey. Not
uncommon in woods at Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)

248. SYMPHORICARPUS.

Page 196,

(921.) S. racemosus, Michx.' Var. pauciflorus, Robbins.
Dog Head, Lake "Winnipeg. (./. M. Macoun.} At Field in the Kicking
Horse valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macouh.) Vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. ( Fletcher.)

249. L ON 1C ERA.

(923.) L. hispidula, Dougl.

L. hispidvia, Dougl. Var. Douglam, Gray, Part II.

Mount Finlayson, .near Victoria, Vancouver Island. Rare. Along
the Sooke road, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(924.) L. hirsuta, Eaton. Flat Rock Portage, Lake Nipigon ;
and along the Assiniboine River at Fort Bllice, Man. (Macoun.) Dog
Head, Lake Winnipeg. (J. M. Macoun.)

Page 197.

(925.) L. Sullivantii, Gray. Specimens collected at Milk River
Ridge, Long. 112°, N.W.T., and referred to L. glauca, belong here.
Dr. Burgess believes that his specimens from Hatchley and Saugeen,
Ont., are of this species.

(926.) L. glauca, Hill. Quite common from Morley, westward
through the Rocky Mountains, to Donald in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.)

Page 198.

(930.) L. oblongifolia, Hook. Abundant in Cedar swamps at
Hatchley, Oxford Co., and in mossy bogs around Lake Arran, Bruce
Co., Ont. (Burgess.)
19

540 GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF CANADA.

(2158.) L. Utahensls, Watson. In tho Columbia valley at
Donald, and westward in the SoLkirks, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) South
Kootanio Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.} Specimens collected at
Dean or Salmon River, B.C., ani referred to L. ctti.ci.ta> belong here.

250. DIERVILLA.

(932.) D. triflda, Moench. Brigus, east coast of Newfoundland.
(E. Bell.')

251. TRIOSTEUM.

(633.) T. perfoliatum,Linn, Cap Rouge, near Quebec. (St.Cyr.}

252. CEPHALANTHUS.

(P34.) C. occidentalis, Linn. St. Stephen, and St. James, N.B.
( Vroom.}

253. HOUSTONIA.

Page 199.

(935.) H. purpurea, L. Yar. longifolia, Gray. Not rare on
light sandy soil near Mount Pleasant, Brant Co., Ont. {Burgess.}

255. GALIUM.

Page 201.

(939.) For C. asprelum, read C. asprellum.

(941.) C. trifldum, Linn. Var. pusillum, Gray. Island of
Orleans, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.} Not rare from Kicking Horse
Lake, Eocky Mountains, to the summit of the Selkirks, Lat. 51°.
(Macoun.}

Page 203.

(947.) C. Kamtschaticum, Steller. Mountains of Gaspd,
Quebec. (Dr. Allen.} Unalaska. (Gray.}

(2159.) C. TRICORNE, Linn, Occasionally spontaneous in gardens
at London, Ont. (Burgess.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 541

257. VALERIANA.

Page 204.

(952.) For V. dioica, L. Var. sySvatica, Watson, read V.
sy Ivatica. (Banks )

Var. Uliginosa, Torr. & Gray. Roadsides, Asylum, London, Ont.
(Burgess.) Meadows, Niagara Falls, Ont. (Millman.)

(953.) For V. capitata, Willd. Var. Hooker! , Torr. & Gray,
read V. Sitchensis, Bong. All our references under both forms,
except the extreme northern ones, belong here. Rather rare on
mountain slopes from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains to
the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)

(2160.) V. capitata, Pall. Alaskan coast and islands, north to
arctic region. (Gray.) The northern notices of the preceding belong
here.

258. PLECTRITIS.

Page 205.

(2161.) P. macrocora, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II, 50.

P. congesta, var. minor, Hook. FL I., 291.
In woods along the Saanich road, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)

(2162.) P. samolifolia, Hoeck.

P. congesta, DC. Part II. in part.

In low grassy places around Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)
Cedar Hill and Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

261. VERNONIA.

Pago 206.

(2163.) V. altissima, Nutt. In damp places, St. Clair Flats,
Ont., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.') Along the Great Western railway and
margins of fields near Windsor, Ont., 1885. (Macoun.) The reference
to Essex Centre under No. 958 may belong hero, as only leaves were
obtained.

262. EUPATORIUM.

(959.) E. purpureum, Linn. Oar specimens of this species
nearly all belong to the variety maculatum, and hence should read E.
purpureum, L. Var. maculatum, Darl. Topsail, cast coast of Newfound-
land, (E. Bell.)

542 f GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA,

265. LIATRIS.

207.

(2164.) L. squarrosa, Willd. Dry gravelly or sandy soil, west-
ern Ontario. (Gray.} Not noticed by any of the late collectors.

Var intermedia, DC. Same situation as the type. (Gray.} Not
lately collected.

(2165.) L. spicata, Willd.

L. macro ftachya , Michx. Fl. II., 91.

Not uncommon in marshy meadows between Point Edward and
Sarnia, Ont., 1884. (Macoun.}

267. CRINDELIA.

Page 208.

(970.) C. integrifolia, DC. North Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.} Dr. Gray, in his Flora of North
America, Vol. 1., Part II.. unites this and No. 971 in which wo now
follow him.

. 269. HAPLOPAPPUS.

Page 210.

(974.) H. lanceolatus, Torr. & Gray. Var. Vaseyi, Parry.
Saskatchewan to Lat. 49°. (Gray.} On saline flats along Eagle Creek,
south of the Bad Hills, N.W.T., 1879. (Macoun.}

(2166.) H. Lyaliii, Gray. In northern Eocky and Cascade Moun-
tains. Montana to Oregon and British Columbia. {Gray.}

(2167.) H. Brandegeii, Gray. Very abundant on the summits
of the higher Eocky Mountains, especially around Kicking Horse
Lake arid Silver City ; also on the summit of Mount Dawson at the
.Selkirk summit, B.C., 1885. (Macoun.}

(977.) For H. acaulis, Gray. Var. glabratus, Watson, read
H. acaulis, Gray. Our specimens are generally leafy above, but in
no case have two heads.

270. BICELOVIA.

(978.) For B. graveolens, Gray. Var. hololeuca, Gray,
read B. graveolens, Gra}-. Wild Horse Creek, Kootanie valley,
B.C. (Dawson.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 543

271. SOLIDACO.

Page 212.

(984.) S. macrophylla, Pursb. Ford's Harbor, coast of Labra-
dor. (R. Bell")

(985.) S. multiradiata, Ait. Var. scopulorum, Gray. Quite
common on the slopes, and along streams in the Rocky Mountains
from the Kananaskis River to the Columbia, and thence through the
Selkirk Range. (Macoun.*)

Page 213.

(986.) S. Virgaurea, Linn. Var. alpina, Bigel. Ford's Harbor,
and Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.} South-west Point of
Aiiticosti. Some of my Lake Superior specimens have been referred
here on authority, but I think they belong to S. humilis. (Macoun.*)
A solitary specimen which may probably belong to some form of this
species was collected in" 1879, near Tail Creek, 1ST. W. T., by David
Macoun. It seems to connect S. macrophylla with this species all
the flowers being in thyrsoid clusters in the axils of the ample leaves.

(987.) S. humilis, Pursh. On gravelly or dry slopes from
Morley through the Rocky Mountains to Donald in the Columbia valley.
(Macoun.")

(990.) S. puberula, Nutt. Truemanville, N.S. (Trueman.)
Norton, KB. (Hay.*)

Page 215.

(1000.) S. Missouriensis, Nutt. Damp or wet meadows, Point
Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)

Page 216.

(1005.) S. nemoralis, Ait. Not uncommon at Morley and at
Golden City, mouth of Kicking Horse River, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)

Page 217.

(1006.) S. rigida, Linn. Common along the Grand Trunk rail-
way, a mile west of London, Ont. (Burgess.*)

(1007.) S. Ohioensis, Riddell. Marshy ground, Point Edward,
River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.*)

(2168.) S. Riddellii, Frank.

S. amplexicavMs, Mertens. Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 210.
Marshy ground, Point Edward, River St. Clair, Aug. 1884. (Macoun.*)

544 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

273. TOWNSENDIA.

Page 218.

(1012.) For T. florifer, read T. Parryi, Eaton. Var. aipina,
Gray. Summit between High River and Sheep Creek, Rocky Moun-
tains, 1884. (Dawson.}

276. ASTER.

V

Page 219.

(1019.) A. radula, Ait. Var. strictus, Gray. In bogs or
swamps, Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1020.) A. Sibiricus, Linn. This is made, by Dr. Gray, to include
both A. montanus and the var. arcticus. Abundant in river bottoms on
gravel, from Morley through the Rocky Mountains to Donald, in the
Columbia valley. (Macoun.}

Page 220.

(1021.) A. conspicuus, Lindl. Abundant in thickets through
the Rocky Mountains, from Morley to Donald. (Macoun.')

Page 221.

(1031.) A. azureus, Lindl. Sandy soil, Point Edward, River
St. Clair, Ont., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.')

Pa*e222.

(1032.) A. undulatus, Linn. Sandy woodlands, not common,
London, Ont. (Burgess.}

(1034.) A. Lindleyanus, Torr. & Gray. In thickets, Petitcodiac,
N.B. (Brittain.} Not uncommon in woods around Ottawa, Ont., and
at IIull and Chelsea, Q. (Fletcher.*) Magpie River, north of Lake
Superior. (Macoun.} Dog Ilead, Lake Winnipeg, and at Lake
MUtassini. (J. M. Macoun.) Rather common in thickets, from Morley
through the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges. (Macoun.)

Page 223.

(1036.) A. ericoides, Ait, Var. villosus, Torr. & Gray. Open
sandy thickets, \Y indsor, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1037.) A. multiflorus, Ait. Rather common at Windsor, and
Point Edward, River St. Clair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.}

(2169.) A. commutatus, Gray. Part II.

A. multiflorus, var. commutatus, Torr. & Gray, Fl. IT., 125.
A. ramulosus, var. incano-pttonu, Lindl. & Hook., Fl. II., 13.

Qn dry soil at Reed Lake and Medicine Hat, .N.W.T. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 545

(2170.) A. vimineus, Lam.

A- tenuifolius, L. Macoun's Cat. No. 870.

Moist ground, Ontario. (Gray.} Salmon River, near Shannon-
ville, and at the Hop Yard, Belleville, Hastings Co., Ont. {Macoun.}
Damp ground, Poiot Edward, River St. Glair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)

Var. foliolosus, Gray. In damp soil along the Nation River at
Casselman, near Ottawa, Ont. (Macoun.') Moist ground or ditches at
Windsor, and Point Edward, River St. Glair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.')

Page 224.

(1040.) A. dumosus, Linn. In dry thickets at Windsor, Ont.
(Macoun.)

(2171.) A. Tradescanti, Linn., partly.

A. tenwfolius, var. in part, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 132.

Open grounds, Canada, and the Saskatchewan. (Gray.} Point
Edward, River St. Glair, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.)

(1041.) A. paniculatus, Lam. Shores of Kouchibouguasis River,
and Norton, N.B. (Fowhr & Hay.} Chipman, N.B. ( Wetmore.)
River Peotccoste, north shore of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Extends
from the Atlantic to the base of the Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 225.

(1044.) A. Junceus, Ait.

A. zeslivus, Ait, Part II. •

As anticipated, Dr. Gray has united my No. 1045, A. cestivus, with
A. junceus, and thereby cleared up a doubtful point.

(1046.) A. Novse-Belgii, Linn. Chipman, N.B. (Wetmcre.)
Richibucto, and Carleton, N.B. (Fowler.) St. John, N.B. (Hay.)
We have seen the specimens from Chipman. The specimen from the
Bow River is possibly a form of A. szlicifolius. (Macoui.) Common
in wet grounds, New Brunswick, and Canada. (Gray.) This species
should bo investigated in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.

(1047.) A. tardiflorus, Linn. Richibucto, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.)
Petitcodiac, N.B. (Brittain.) Along the Sto. Anno des Monts River,
Gaspe", Q. (Macmn.) Along streams, Quebec, New Brunswick and
Labrador. (Gray.) Woods at Levis, near Quebec, (St. Cyr.)

Page 226.

(1U50.) A. Novae-Angliae, Linn. Abundant in thickets from
Portage La Prairie, westward to Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)

(1052.) A. mutatus, Torr. & Gray. This species and No. 1055,
A. Sayit, Gray, Part II., arc united in Gray's Synoptical Flora, Vol. I.,

54b GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Part II., under A. modestus, which will now be adopted. Along Nipigon
River, above Lake Ellen and at Current River, near Port Arthur, Lake
Superior. Quite common in the Columbia valley at Donald, and west-
ward in the valleys of the Selkirk Range. (Macoun.)

(1054.) A. foliaceus, Lindl. South Kootanie Pass, Rocky Moun-
tains ; also along Belly River, N.W.T. (Dawson.) In thickets on the
Cypress Hills ; also on Red Beer River and Tail Creek, N.W.T.
(Macoun.) Lake Karmutsen, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)

Var. frondeus, Gray. Abundant along streams and mountain
slopes from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Mountains to the
summit of the Selkirk*. (Macoun.) South Kootanie Pass. (Dawson.)

Page 227.

(1056.) A. - - ?= A. Douglas! i, Lindl. or No. 1025.

(1057.) For A. elegans, read A. Oreganus, Nutt. Along the
Canadian Pacific Railway, a little east of Palliser, Kicking Horse
valley ; also abundant in Beaver Creek, Six-mile Creek, and Bear
Creek valleys, in the Selkirk Range, B.C. (Macoun.) Small lake near
Pincher Creek, N.W.T. (Dawson.)

(1058.) A. Engelmanni, Gray. In profusion on the slopes,
north of Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; also on Mount
Carroll, along Bear Creek, Selkirk Summit, B.C. (Macoun.}

(1059.)* A. alpinus, Linn. On dry soil amongst gravel in the
foot-hills at Morley, and west in the Bow River valley to Canmore in
the Rockies. Not alpine. (Macoun.)

(1062.) A. nemoralis, Ait. Sheldrake River, north shore of St.
Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Rupert River, North-east Territory. (J. M.
Macmin.)

Page 228.

(1064.) For A. lutescens, Torr. & Gray, read A. ptarmi-
COides, Torr. & Gray. Var. lutescens, Gray.

(2172.) A. Fremonti, Gray.

A. adscendens, var. Fremonti, Torr. & Gray, Fl. II., 503.

Abundant along streams flowing into Kicking Horse Lake ; also at
Silver City, and through the Rockies to the Columbia valley at Donald
and in the valleys of the Selkirks. Never above 5,000 feet. (Macoun.)

(2173.) A. occidentalis, Nutt. Var. intermedius, Gray.
Abundant in the valley of Beaver Creek, near Stony Creek, Selkirk
Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 547

(2174.) A. prenanthoides, Muhl. Moist ground, especially
along streams, throughout Canada. (Gray.} We have no knowledge
of this species.

276. ERICERON.

Page' 230.

(1074.) E. compositus, Pursh. On both alpine and sub-alpine
slopes from the mouth of the Kananaskis to the summits around Kick-
ing Horse Lake, Kooky Mountains. (Macoun.}

Var. glabratus, Macoun. On the higher slopes of the mountains
at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. Apparently rare. Leaves
viscous or glandular. (Macoun.)

P;ige 231.

(1075.) E. corymbosus, Nutt. On dry slopes near Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1079.) E. uniflorus, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape
Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.} On the summit of Castle Mountain, and the high peaks
around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

(2175.) E. eriocephalus, J. Vahl. Cape Chudleigh, Cape
Prince of Wales, and Digges Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

Page 232.

(1081.) E. lanatus, Hook. On the highest peaks of Canmore
and Castle Mountains, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

PagQ 233.

(1085.) E. salsuginosus, Gray. In mountain woods and along
streams from Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains, to the Selkirk sum-
mit, B.C. (Macoun.)

(1086.) E. bellidifolius, Muhl. Cap Rouge, near Quebec. (St.
Cyr.)

Page 234.

(1091.) E. alpinus, Linn. All specimens referred to this species,
in our possession, are'E. acris and its var. Drcebachensis.

(1092.) E. acris, Linn. On both the alpine and subalpine slopes
of th« Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, B.C. (Macoun.}

Var. Drcebachensis, Blyth. Dog Head, Lake Winnipeg. (J.
M. Macoun.) Rather common on the lower slopes of the" Rocky
Mountains and in the Bow, Kicking Horse and Columbia valleys,
Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)
20

548 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Yar. de bills, Gray. Hudson Bay and North Labrador. (Gray.}
On gravel at the mouth of Jupiter River, Anticosti. (Macoun.)

(2176.) E. poliospermus, Gray. Eastern summit of the North
Kootanie Pass, 1883. (Dawson.)

(2177.) E. flagellaris, Gray. Imperfect specimens, which may
be this species, have been gathered at Spence's Bridge, B.C., by A. J.
Hill. Better specimens are necessary before we can be certain.

277. ANTENNARIA.

Page 235.

(1096.) A. racemosa, Hook. Abundant on the higher moun-
tain slopes, from Silver City in the Rockies to the summit of the
Selkirk Eange, B.C. {Macoun.}

Page 236.

(1098.) A. dioica, Gaertn. Var. rosea, Eaton. Abundant
along the slopes of subalpine valleys, from Morloy westward through
the Rockies to the Columbia valley at Donald, B.C. {Macoun.)

(1099.) A. alpina, Gsertn. Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of
Wales, Upper Savage Islands, and Digges Island, Hudson Strait.
(R. Bell.} On the summits of the high mountains from the Kana-
naskis through the Rockies to the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.}

(1100.) A. Carpathica, R. Br. On the summits of the high
mountains at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Var. pulcherrima, Hook. In profusion on the prairies around
Moi-lcy and westward along brooks and streams, and in marsh}7' mea-
dows through the Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

279. CNAPHALIUM.

Page 237.

(2178.) C. mlcrocephalum, Nutt. In damp places, Canadian
Pacific Railway crossing of Fraser River, B.C., 1883. {Fletcher.}

Page 238.

(1111.) C. purpureum, Linn. Abundant amongst grass at
Port Colborne, Ont. (Macoun.') Abundant at and in the vicinity of
Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 549

281. ADENOCAULON.

Page 230.

(1113.) 'A. bicolor. Hook. Rather rare along the Canadian Paci-
fic Railway between Six-mile Creek and Stony Creek in the Selkirk
Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.) North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of
Georgia, B.C. (Daicson.)

283. SILPHIUM.

(1116.) S. perfoliatum, Linn. Along the margins of fields, in
thickets near Windsor, Ont. (Macoun.)

286. AMBROSIA.

(1119.) A. trifida, Linn. Beauport, near Quebec ; also Baie du
Fabre, Yamaska Co., Q. (St. Cyr.)

286. FRANSERIA.

Page 241.

(1123.) F. bipinnatiflda, Nutt. Between Cape Lazo and Shelter
Point, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)

288. HELIOPSIS.

Page 242.

(1128.) H. sea bra, Dunal. Sugar Island, St. John River, KB.
(Moser.) Very likely this is Hdianthus decapetalus. (Macoun.) In
thickets at Selkirk, Portage La Prairie and Brandon. (J. M. Macoun,)

289. RUDBECKIA.

(1130.) R. lacinfata, Linn. Island of Orleans. (St. Cyr)

290. ECHINACEA.

Page 243.

(1132.) E. angustifolia, DC. Not rare on prairies around
Brandon, Man. (Macoun.)

550 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

291. BALSAMORHIZA.

(21*79.) B. hirsute, Nutt. Utah to British Columbia. (Gray.}

580. WYETHIA.
(2180.) W. amplexicaulis, Nutt.

SUpldum l&ve, Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. VI., 244.
Borders of British Columbia. (Gray.}

292. HELIANTHUS

Page 244.

(1136.) H. petioiaris, ISTutt. Introduced from, the prairies at
Field in the Kicking Horse valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Tobacco Plains, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(1138.) H. Nutallii, Torr. & Gray. In some abundance at Field,
Kicking Horse valley, and at Golden City, in the Columbia valley,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.~)

Page 245.

(1141.) H. decapetalus, Linn. Eel River, Carleton Co., N.B.
(Hay.)

(1144.}- H. Maximiliania, Schrader. Grassy Narrows, Lake Win-
nipeg. (J. M. Macoun.}

(1145.) H. TUBEROSUS, Linn. At Sillery and Quebec. (St. Cyr.}

(1146.) H. pumilus, Nutt. On the margins of coulees at Medi-
cine Hat, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.} Along the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way embankments at Silver City and Field, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.}

293. ACTINOMERIS.

Page 246

(1148.) A. squarrosa, Nutt. Roadside and along the Thames
within the limits of Chatham, Ont. (Macoun.)

294. [COREOPSIS.

(1150.) Koi C.trichosperma, Michx.,readC. trichosperma,
Michx. Yar. tenuiloba, Gray. Border of a marsh at entrance to
Pelee Point, Lake Erie, Ont. (J. M. Macoun.} On the border of a
marsh at Rondeau, Lake Erie, Ont. (Macoun.}

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 551

(1151.) C. tripterus, Linn. Borders of marshes and along the
Great Western railway, near "Windsor, Ont. (.7. M. Macoun.)

(1152.) C. verticillata, Linn. On the beach near a marsh, west
of Eondeau, Lake Erie., Ont. (Macoun.)

(1153.) C. lanceolate, Linn. Cockburn Island, Lake Huron, Ont.
1866. (J. Bell.)

(2181.) C. palmata, Nutt. Plains and prairies, Winnipeg to
Wisconsin, (G^ray.) We have never seen Canadian specimens of
this.

295. BIDENS.

Page 247.

(1155.) B. frondosa, Li mi Collected at Field, Rocky Mountains,
on railway ballast, introduced in grain. (Macoun.)

296. MADIA,

Page 248.

(1160.) M. Nuttallii, Gray. North Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (JDawson.) In the vicinity of Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Meehan.)

(1162.) For M. dissitiflora, Torr. & Gray, read M. sativa,
Molina. Var. racemosa, Gray.

581. LAYIA, Hook. & Arn.

• '

(2182.) L. glandulosa, Hook. & Arn.

Blepliaripajypus glandulosus, Hook. Fl. I., 31(5.
Madaroglossa angustifolia, DC. Prodr. V. 694.

Barren ground, British Columbia to California. (Gray.)
298. ERIOPHYLLUM.

Page 249.

(1165.) E. caespitosum, Dougl. Var. integrifolium, Gray.
Rocky Mountains in Montana and Wyoming to British Columbia.
(Gray.) Between Cape Lazo and Shelter Point, Gulf of Georgia, B.C.
(Daicson.)

552 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

3OI. HELENIUM.

(1168.) H. autumnal©, Linn. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.)

303. ACTINELLA.

Page 250.

(1171.) A. Richardsonii, Nutt. Take from No. 1170 and place
under this species the following reference. On the Missouri C8teau,
49th parallel. (Buryess.)

305. ACHILLEA.

Page 251.

(1173.) A. Millefolium, Linn. Var. lanata, Koch. Canadian
Pacific railway crossing of the Fraser River, B.C. The common form
in British Columbia. (Fletcher.} •

Var. nigrescens, E. Meyer. Nain, coast of Labrador. (E. Bell.)
308. CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Page 2=!2.

(1181.) C. integrifolium, Richards. Nottingham Island, Hudson
Strait. (22. Bell.}

(1184.) C. Parthenium, Pers. Around the monument, Quebec.
(St. Cyr.)

3O9. MATRICARIA.

(1187.) M. inodora, Linn. Along the streets of Quebec. (St.Cyr.)

Page 254.

Var. nana, Hook. Digges and Mansfield islands ; also the Eskimo
Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (B. Bell.}

582. COTULA, Linn.

(2183.) C. CORONOPIFOLIA, Linn. Abundant for some distance along
a gutter in Fort Street, Victoria, Vancouver Island, 1885. (Fletcher.)
This i's the plant described but not named under No. 1331.

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 553

311. ARTEMISIA.

Page 255.

(1191.) A. dracunculoides, Pursh. Abundant at Morley, and
westward up the Bow Eivor valley to Banff, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)

Page 256.

(1200.) A. discolor, Dougl. Common on the sides of ravines at
the Kananaskis and grassy slopes of Castle Mountains, Rocky Moun-
tains ; also on the slopes of the Sol kirks, at the summit, B.C. (Macoun.)
A remarkable form like var. incompta was collected at Kamloops, B.C.,
by Mr. Fletcher.

314. PETASITES.

Page 260.

(1214.) P. palmata, Gray. Low swampy places from Morley,
westward through the Rockies, to the Selkirk summit ; always in the
subalpine valleys. (Afacoun.)

Var. frigida, Macoun. A form intermediate between this species
and the next was collected on the highest summits of the Rockies, at
Kicking Horse Lake, and .also at the summit of the Selkirks on Glacier
Mountain. In both cases it was close to perpetual snow and never
seemed to connect with the common form in the valley. The leaves,
although bearing a general resemblance to those of P. palmata, have no
sinus at the base, but the blade passes into the petiole.

(1215.) P. sagittata, Gray. Abundant in the valleys of the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, Lat. 51°. (Macaw.)

315. ARNICA.

(1217.) A. cordifolia, Hook. Low thickets, from Morley, through
the Rocky Mountains, to Donald in the Columbia valley. Seldom in
the higher mountain woods. (Macoun.') Thickets along the Thompson
River at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

Page 261.

(1218.) A. latifolia, Bongard. Abundant in mountain woods on
the slopes at Kicking Horse Lake, in the Rocky Mountains ; and on
the mountain sides at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)

(1219.) A. Chamissonis, Less. Rather common on the lower
slopes of the Rocky Mountains, from Morley westward to the Selkirk
summit. (Macoun.) Yale Mountain and Spence's Bridge, B. C.
(Fletcher.)

554 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1220.) A. foliosa, Nutt. On beds of snow-slides amongst brush
on the north mountain, Kicking Horse River, Rocky Mountains ; also
on beds of snow-slides near the glaciers at the Selkirk summit. (Macoun.)

(1222.) A. alpina, Olin. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; also Cape
Chudleigh and Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait ; and Fort
Churchill, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.'} On the lower slopes of the moun-
tains and in the foot-hills at the Kananaskis, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)

318. SENECIO.

Page 26;?.

(1231.) S. palustris, Hook. On Muskeg Island, Lake Winnipeg.
(J. M. Macoun.)

(1234.) S. lugens, Richards. Sides of ravines, Cypress Hills.
N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Quite common in low grounds from th3
Kananaskis to Silver City, up the Bow River valley, and on Castle
Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Var. foliosus, Gi-ay. On the summits of the higher mountains
at Canmore and Castle Mountain, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
Western summit of North Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains ; and
summit of Coast Range above Hope, B.C. (Dawson.) The two latter
references were attached to var. exaltatus in Part II.

Pafje 264.

(1235.) S. integerrimus, Nutt. On the Cypress Hills, at the
source of Maple Creek, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.)

Page 265.

(1237.) S. aureus, Linn. Var. Balsam itee, To IT. & Gray.
Grand Falls, of St. John, and Lily Lake, N.B. (Fowler's Cat.} On
Sand, Pelee Point, Lake Erie, Ont. (Burgess.) Abundant in the
Rocky and Selkirk Mountains, from Morley westward in low valleys.
(Macoun.) North Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, B. C.
(Dawson.)

Var. borealis, Torr. & Gray. Nachvak, coast of Labrador.
(R. Bell.) Magdalen Islands, Gulf St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.)

Var. croceus, Gray. Summit of South Kootanie Pass, Rocky
Mountains, 1881. (Dawson.) In low grounds at Silver City and
Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; and along the Wait-a-bit at
Donald, Columbia valley, B.C. (Macoun.)

Var. compactus, Gray. Crow Nest Pass, east of the lake, Rocky
Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 555

(1238.) S. canus, Hook. On dry gravelly slopes, from Morley
westward to Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.) On the
mountains at Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

(1239.) For S. Fremonti, T. &Gr., read S. Fremonti, T. &Gr.
Var. occidentaliSy Gray. On the summit of Castle Mountain and
the higher summits about Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains.
Altitude, 7,000-8,000 feet. (Macoun.)

Page 267-

(1242.) S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. Abundant along the south
shore of James Bay, between Moose Factory and Rupert River.
Scarcely above high water mark. (J. M. Macoun.) Mingan Islands.
(St. Cyr.)

(1245.) S. triangularis, Hook. Abundant in ravines high up
on the mountains, from Kicking Horse Lake in the Rocky Moun
tains to the Selkirk summit, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.)

(2184.) S. petrseus, Klatt. Western summit of North Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains, 1883. (Dawson.) Referred to S. resedifolius,
in Part II.

(2185.) S. SYLVATICUS Linn. Waste grounds, of sparing occur-
rence in Nova, Scotia. (Gray.)

319. CACALIA.

Page 268-

(1249.) C. tuberosa, Nutt. Not rare in swampy grounds at
Saugeen, Bruce Co., Ont.

323. CNICUS.

Page 269.

(1255.) Cr Pitcheri, Torr. Sand-banks on the shores of Cock-
burn Island, Lake Huron, 1866. (J. Bell.)

(1257.) C. pumilus, Torr. Drummond Island, Lake Huron,
1866. (J. Sell.) Fishing Islands, Bruce Peninsula, Lake Huron,
1871. (Macoun.)

Page 271.

(1261.) C. foliosus, Gray. In profusion in a small wet prairie,
one mile west of Silver City, along the Canadian Pacific railway,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)
21

556 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

(1263.) C. Hookerianus, Gray. North Fork of Old Man Eiver,
Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.)

(2186.) C. eriocophalus, Gray. Abundant on the lower slopes
of the mountains from the Kananaskis westward to Kicking Horse
Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(1294.) C. edulis, Gray. North-west Point of Texada Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.) At base of Mount Finlayson and
at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

325. SAUSSUREA.

(1267.) S. alpina, DC. Var. Ledebouri,Gray. On the summits
of the higher Rocky Mountains, from Canmore westward to Kicking
Horse Lake. (Macoun.)

326. CENTAUREA.

Page 272-

(1268.) C. NIGRA, Linn. At Brigus and Topsail, east of Newfound-
land. (E. Bell.)

(1269.) C. CYANUS, Linn. Waste places and sandy commons, Lon-
don, Ont. (Burgess.) Vacant lots, Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

330. LAMPSANA.

Page 2T:3,.

(12*76.) L. COMMUNIS, Linn. Woods, Queenston Heights, Ont.
(Millman.) Vacant lots, Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

331. CREPIS.

(1279.) C. occidentals, Nutt. East end of Cypress Hills, N.W.T.
(J. M. Macoun)

Page 274.

For var. crinita, Gray, read C. occidentals, Nutt. Var.
glandulosa, Torr. All the specimens, besides being canescent, ha,ve
numerous dark glandular hairs on stem, leaves, and involucral scales.
It is quite distinct from var. crinita of Washington Territory. On the
mountain at back of Spence's Bridge, B.C, (Fletcher)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 55*7

(1280.) C. runcinata, Ton*. & Gray. Abundant in low saline
spots in the foot-hills and westward to Silver City, Eocky Mountains.
(Macoun.)

(1282.) C. nana, Richards. On earthy slopes on the summits of
the higher mountains, from Canmore to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)

(2187.) C. acuminata, Nutt, On dry gravelly slopes along the
Kicking Horse River at Golden City, Columbia valley, B.C., 1885.
(Macoun.)

332. HIERACIUM.

Page 275.

(2188.) H. AURANTIACUM, Linn. Golden Hawkweed. Magog, East-
ern Townships, Q. (Griroux.)

(1285.) H. MURORUM, Linn. On waste ground on the top of the
cliffs at Point LeVis, Quebec. (Macoun.) In Part II., this was
included in the next.

(1286.) H. vulgatum, Fries. Island of Orleans and Tadousac,
P.Q. (St. Cyr.)

Page 276.

(1294.) H. Scouleri, Hook. On gravelly hills along Kicking
Horse River, at Golden City, Columbia valley, B.C. (Macoun.')

(1296.) H. gracile, Hook. On the higher slopes of the Rocky
Mountains, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, Lat 51°.

(Macoun.)

Var. detonsum, Gray. Near the summit of the north mountain
at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; also in mountain woods
near McLeod's Lake, B.C. (Macoun.)

Page 277.

(1297) H. albiflorum, Hook. On the lower slopes of the moun-
tains at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains ; also along the Cana-
dian Pacific Railway near Stony Creek, Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.)
Rocky hillsides near Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) North
Point of Texada Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)

333. LEONTODON.

(2189.) L. HISPEDUM, Linn. Abundant in and around Victoria.
Vancouver Island. (Meehan & Fletcher,)

558 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

583. PICRIS, Linn.

(2190.) P. hieracioides, Linn. Var. Japnnica, Eegel. Sitka,
Mertens. according to Herder. (Gray.)

(2191.) P. ECHIOIDES, Linn.

Helmintha cchiaides, Linn.

Springing up from kitchen refuse, St. Stephen, N.B. (Vroom.)
Along the roadside between Clifton and Niagara Falls. (Macoun.)

335. TROXIMON.

(1301.) T. glaucum, Nutt. Var. parviflorum, Gray. Dry
gravelly soil, on the hills at the mouth of Kicking Horse River, Golden
City, B.C. (Macoun.)

Page 278.

Var. dasycephalum, Torr. & Gray. Common on prairies and
dry gravelly spots, from Morley westward through the Rockies to
Donald, in the Columbia valley. (Macoun.)

(1302.) T. aurantiacum, Hook. On prairies, mountain slopes,
beds of snow-slides, and by brooks in the Rocky Mountains, from Silver
City to Kicking Horse Lake, Lat. 51°. (Macoun.) A variety with
long narrow and laciniate leaves and purple flowers, was collected
at the same time. All Dr. Dawson's Rocky Mountain specimens,
referred to T. gracilens, belong here.

336. TARAXACUM.

Page 279.

(1308.) T. offlcinale, Weber. Var. alpinum, Koch. On
rocky soil at Nachvak, and Nain; coast of Labrador ; also at Cape
Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (E. Bell.) On the higher
summits, around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 280.

Var. lividum, Koch. Cape Prince of Wales and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (R. Sell.) Lake Mistassini, North-east Territory,
and Cypress Hills, N.W.T. (J. M. Macoun.) Very common on all
mountain bides, extending from Morley through the Rocky Mountains
to Donald, in the Columbia valley. (Macoun,)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 559

Var. scopulorum, Gray. Western summit of South Kootanie
Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Dawson.) Common on the summits of
Copper and Castle Mountains, at Silver City and westward to the high
mountains at Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Moxintains. (Macoun.)

337. LACTUCA.

(1314.) L. leucopheea, Gray. Island of Orleans, Q. (St.Cyr.)
Not uncommon around Ottawa. (Macoun.)

338. PRENANTHES.

Page 282.

(1316.) P. alba, Linn. The London reference to P. serpentaria,
belongs here.

(1317.) P. serpentaria, Pnrsh. Along the Richibucto River,
N.B. (Fowler's Cat.) At Quispamois, N.B. (Hay.)

(1319.) P. racemosa, Michx. Little Sheldrake River, Q.
(St. Cyr.)

341. TRACOPOCON.

Page 284.

(1327.) T. PORRIFOLIUS, Linn. Around Lotbiniere, Q. (St. Cyr.)
Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

344. LOBELIA.

Page 286.

(1336.) L. Kalmii, Linn. Rather rare, along the Columbia River,
at Donald, B.C. (Macoun.)

345. SPECULARIA.

(1338.) S. perfoliata, A. DC. Drew's Harbor, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C. (Dawson.) Mount Finlayson, Victoria, B.C. (Fletcher.)

346. CAMPANULA.

Page 287.

(1341.) C. uniflora, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Cape
Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Digges Island, and Eskimo Village
of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

560 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1343.) C. Scheuchzeri, Vill., and var. heterodoxa, Gray,
of Part II., are to be referred to C. rotund/folia, Linn. Dr. Gray, in
the supplement to Parts I-II. of his Synoptical Flora of North Amer-
ica, arranges them as follows.

Page 288.

(1344.) C. rotund ifolia, Linn. Petty Harbor, Newfoundland.
(R. Bell.') Very abundant in the Rocky Mountains, from the Kana-
naskis to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.}

Var. arctica, Lange.

C. limfolia, var. Langsdorffianu, A. DC. Hook. Fl. II., 27.
C. rotundi/olia, var. linifolla, Gray, Man., 285, 1868.

This is the one — few flowered form and ranges, from Canada and
Labrador to the arctic regions. (Gray.} Nachvak, coast of Labrador ;
Port Bin-well, Cape Chudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.}
Watscheeshoo, north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, (St. Cyr.}
On mount Albert, Sbickshock Mountains, Gaspe, and at Salt Lake and
Jupiter River. Anticosti. (Macoun.}

Var. Alaskana, Gray.

C. limfolia., var. heterodoxu, Ledeb., and Scltzuchzeri, var. Iwterodoxa, Gray
Synoptical Flora, Part L, 12, chiefly.

Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. (J)awson.}

(1346) C. Scouleri, Hook. Not uncommon at Sooke and
Comox, Vancouver Island, (Dawson.}

349. VACCINIUM.

Page 290.

(1353.) V. Canadense, Kalm. On sandy or gravelly slopes
along the Wait-a-bit, near Donald, Columbia valley. (Macoun.}

(1354.) V. vacillans, Solander. There is still much doubt regard-
ing this species, and the only authentic specimens in our collection
were gathered at Port Dover Junction, Ont. (Macoun.} The Toronto
and London specimens are to be excluded. (Burgess.}

(1355.) V. corymbosum, Linn. Apparently Rare. Grand
Lake, and St. Stephen, N.B. (Hay & Vroom.}

Page 291.

Var. atrococcum, Gray. Richibucto River, N.B. (Fowler's
Cat.} Vicinity of Toronto, Ont. (Burgess.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 561

(1356.) V. uliginosum, Linn. Common on the coast of Labra-
dor, at Nain, Nachvak and Ford's Harbor ; also on the islands and
mainland. Hudson Strait. (H. Bell.} Amongst rocks, Watscheeshoo,
north shore of Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.}

•

(1358.) V. csespitosum, Michx. St. Francis Eiver and Upper
St. John, N.B. (Hay.} Quite common on lower levels, from Mor ley-
through the Eockies to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.}

Page 292.

(1359.) V. Myrtillus, Linn., var. microphvllum, Hook.
Abundant in mountain woods, from Silver City in the Rocky Moun-
tains to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.} Eipe berries like
red currants in color.

(1360.) V. myrtilloides, Gray. Var. rigid um, Hook. Very
abundant in mountain woods, from Silver City in the Eocky Moun-
tains westward to the Selkirk summit, at which point the beds of snow-
slides are covered with this and the next species. It bears an abun-
dance of large flat-topped, dark-colored, pleasant-tasted berrries, while
V. ocalifolium, growing by its side, has rather oval, bluish berries,
often covered with a bloom and very acid.

(1361.) V. ovalifolium, Smith. Onbedsof snow-slides at Kicking
Horse Lake, Eocky Mountains ; and extremely abundant in the same
situations at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.}

Page 293.

(1363.) V. ovatum, Pursh. North Point of Texada Island, Gulf
of G-eorgia, B.C. (Dawson.}

361. CHIOCENES.

Page 294.

(1367.) C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray. In swamps at Donald,
Columbia valley, and westward to the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.}

353. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.

(1369.) A. alpina, Spreng. Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador ;
also Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales and the Eskimo Village of
Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.} Grand Me"catina Island, Straits of
Belle Isle. (St. Cyr.}

562 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

354. CAULTHERIA.

Page 295.

(1372.) Gi Myrsinites, Hook. Abundant on the summits of
Mount Dawson and Glacier Mountain, summits of the Selkirks, B.C.
(Macoun.)

356. CASSIOPE.

Page 296.

(1378.) C. hypnoides, Don. At Nain, coast of Labrador ; also
at Port Burwell,CapeChudleigh, entrance to Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

Page 297.

(1381.) C. tetragona, Don. Abundant along the coast of La-
brador at Nachvak ; also on the coasts and islands of Hudson Straits.
(R. Bell}

360. LOISELEURIA.

Page 298.

(1386.) L. procumbens, Desv. Ford's Harbor, coast of Labra-
dor. {R. Bell.} Amongst rocks, Mingan Islands. (St. Cyr.~) Mouth
of the Stickene Biver, Alaska. (Cowley.)

361. BRYANTHUS.

Page 299.

(1388.) B. Crahamii, Hook. We still retain this name, but the
probabilities are that this is B. empetriformis, var. intermedium, Gray.
Specimens from the west coast are still wanting to decide the question.

(1389.) B. taxifolius, Gray. Nain, Nachvak, and Ford's Harbor,
coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)

(1391.) B. glanduliflorus, Gray. On the summits of the Eocky
Mountains, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, B.C.

(Macoun.)

363. LEDUM.

Page 301.

(1395.) L. palustre, Linn. Ford's Harbor, and Nachvak, coast
of Labrador; also Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, and Ashe's
Inlet, Upper Savage Islands, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

(1397.) L. glandulosum, Nutt. Two specimens, in leaf only,
gathered on Castle Mountain, above Silver City, Eocky Mountains, are
doubtfully referred here. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 563

364. RHODODENDRON.

(1399.) R. albiflorum, Hook. Abundant on the higher moun-
tain slopes, from Silver City in the Rockies, westward to the Selkirk
summit. (Macoun.}

Page 302,

(1403.) For R. macrophyllum, read R. Californicum, Hook.
Mountains between Hope and the Skagit River, B.C. (Dawson.)
Flowers over an inch long and corolla rose purple.

(1405.) R. Lapponicum, Wahl. Nachvak, coast of Labrador.
(R. Bell}

365. MENZIESIA.

Page 303.

(1406.) M. glabella, Gray. Very abundant in all mountain
woods, from Silver City westward to the Selkirk summit, where it
forms much of the brush on the beds of snow-slides. (Macoun.}

(1407.) M. ferruginea, Smith. Summit of Yale Mountain, B.C.
(Fletcher.) Lake Karmutsen, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.}

367. PYROLA.

(1409.) P. minor, Linn. Rather rare in cool woods at Silver
City, and westward to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains.
(Mac&un.} Agassiz. Fraser River, B.C. (Fletcher.}

Page 304.

(1412.) P. elliptica, Nutt. In cool damp woods along Beaver
Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. A very stout and coarse form.
(Macoun.}

Page 305.

(1413.) P. rotundifolia, Linn. Var. bracteata, Gray. In thick
woods along Beaver and Bear Creeks, Selkirk MQuntains, B. C.
(Macoun.} Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

Var. pumila, Hook. Quite common along the Labrador coast,
and on the islands and coasts of Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.}

Page 30(5.

(1414.) P. pi eta, Smith. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.}
22

564 , GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

(1415.) P. aphylla, Smith. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

371. ALLOTROPA.

Page 307.

(1421.) A. virgata, Torr. & Gray. Mount Finlaysou, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.}

374. DIAPENSIA.

Page 308.

(1424.) D. Lapponica, Linn. Nain, and Ford's Harbor, coast
of Labrador ; Cape Chudleigh, and Upper Savage Islands, Hudson
Strait. (It. Sell.)

376. ARMERIA.

(1426.) A. vulgaris, Willd. Nain, and Nachvak, coast of La-
brador ; Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, and Digges Island,
Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.) Mingan islands, and on Grand Mdcatina
Island, G-ulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.)

377. PRIMULA.

Page 309.

(1427.) P. farinosa, Linn. Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.)

(1428.) P., MiStassinica, Michx. Mingan islands. (St. Cyr.)
One of the commonest plants at Lake Mistassini. (J. M. Macoun.)
Along the Bow River flats and sands, from Morley westward to Laggan
and thence to Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(2192.) P. EgaliksensiS, Hornem. Northern Labrador. (LieUt.
Turner fide G-ray.)

378. ANDROSACE.

Pane 311.

(1435.) A. Chameejasme, Host. Abundant on gravelly soil,
and along Bow River, from Morley to Silver City, Rocky Mountains,
where it ascends to 7,500 feet. (Macoun.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 565

380. DODECATHEON.

Page 312.

(1440.) D. Meadia, Linn. Quite common at Morley and Kana-
naskis, and westward to Silver City, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

Var. f rigid um, Gray. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.
(Fletcher.')

381. TRIENTALIS.

Page 313.

(1442.) T. Europoea, Linn. Var. arctica, Ledeb. Sparingly in
the valleys of Beaver and Bear Creeks, Selkirk Mountains, B. C.
(Macoun.) In a swamp on Mount Finlayson, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)

Var. latifolia, Torr. At Comox, Vancouver Island. (Dawson.)
383. LYSIMACHIA.

Page 314.

(1449.) L. NUMMULARIA, Linn. Escaped freely in St. James' Ceme-
tery, Toronto. (Millman.}

390. APOCYNUM.

Page 317.

(1462.) A. androsaemifolium, Linn. Taking the glabrous
form as the type, we retain the other two varieties, and correct our
statements regarding distribution. On grassy open slopes, never
ascending high up in the mountains, from Morley to Donald, Columbia
valley. (Macoun.)

Var. incanum, A. DC. London, Ont., and Emerson, Man.
(Burgess.} Fraser River valley, B.C. (A. Bowman.)

Page 318.

(1463.) A. cannabinum, Linn. Var. pubescens, Torr. Low
thickets, London, Ont, (Burgess.}

392. ACERATES.

Page 320.

(2193.) A. longifolia, Ell.

Asclepias longifolia, Michx. Fl. I., 116, mainly.
A. viridiflora, var. lanceolata, Part II., in part.

On the sand beaches of Point Pelee, Lake Erie. (Macoun.') Sand
beach at Point Edward, foot of Lake Huron. (J. M. Macoun.*)

Sfifi GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

394. CENTIANA.

Page 322.

(1480.) C. Amarella, Linn. Var. acuta, Hook. f. Fort
Churchill, Hudson Bay. (R. Bell.} Common along stream banks and
grassy slopes, from Morley westward through the Rocky Mountains to
Donald, Columbia valley. (Maconn.) Pointe Trinite, north shore of
Gulf of St. Lawrence. (St. Cyr.) Regina, KW.T. (N. H. Cowdry.)

(1482.) C. propinqua, Richards. On the summit of Castle
Mountain, and the mountains around Kicking Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 323.

(1484.) C. quinqueflora, Lam. On dry hillsides, rare, London,
Ont. (Burgess.)

Page 324.

(1494.) For C. afflnis, Griseb., read G. Forwoodii, Gray.
This species is just published and includes all the perfectly smooth
specimens we placed under this number in Part If. Douglas and
Drummond's plants, very likely, belong to the next.

(1495.) For G. puberula, Michx., read G. afflnis, Griseb.

(1497.) G. Andrews!!, Griseb. Valcartier, Quebec Co., Q. (St.
Cyr.) In numerous places around London, Ont. (Burgess & Saunders.)

Page 325-

(1499.) C. linearis, Froel. Var. lanceolata, Gray. Root
River, 100 miles north of the Lake of the Woods. (Fawcett.)

(2194.) G. nivalis, Linn. Labrador, collected by Moravian
Missionaries. (Gray.}

4O2. PHLOX.

Page 328.

(1510.) P. divaricata, Linn. Point Richardson, near Quebec.
(St. Cyr.)

(1511.) P. SUbulata, Linn. Sandy soil near Lake Erie, Char-
lotteville Township, Norfolk Co., Ont. (Burgess.)

4O4. CILIA.

Page 330.

(1526.) G. intertexta, Steud. Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Van-
couver Island. (Fletcher.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 567

4O5. POLEMONIUM

(1533.) P. cseruleum, Linn. Grassy swamp, between Elbow
and Jumping Pound rivers, Rocky Mountain foot-hills. (Daw&on.}

406. HYDROPHYLLUM.

(1536.) H. Virginicum, Linn. Island of Orleans, Q. (St. Q/r.)
4O9. PHACELIA.

Page 333.

(1541.) P. circinata, Jacq. f. Elk River valley, B.C. (Dawson.)

(1542.) P. sericea, Gray. Abundant on the upper slopes of the
mountains at the Kananaskis, Canmore and Silver City, Bow River
valley, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

Var. Lyallii, Gray. On the slopes of the Mount Carroll, Bear
Creek, and other mountains at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Maccun.}

413. CYNOCLOSSUM.

Page 335.

(1550.) C. Virginicum, Linn. Woods, along the shore, Island
of Orleans, Q. (St. Cyr.}

(2195.) C. occidentale, Gray. Specimens collected, July, 1885,
on the dry slopes of the Columbia valley at Donald, are referred to this
species, but Dr. Gray, in the absence of fruiting specimens, is still in
doubt whether they may not rather be placed with C. Viryinicum.

414. ECHINOSPERMUM.

(1553. } E. floribundum, Lehm. Abundant in grassy places at
Kananaskis station, and westward to Canmore, Rocky Mountains.
(Macoun.} Calgary, N.W.T. (St. Cyr Herb.} Along Fraser River
above Yale, B.C. (Fletcher.}

(2196.) E. diffusum, Lehm. (Not of p. 189 of Synop. Fl.)

E. deflcxum, Lehm. Part 1., in part.
Northern Montana and British Columbia. (Gray.} Dr. Dawson's

568 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

specimens from the Kootanie Pass, Rocky Mountains, under E. deflexum,
evidently belong here. Mountain slopes at Kicking. Horse Lake, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)

Psge 336.

(1555.) E. Virginicum, Lehm. Specimens collected in New
Brunswick, at Eel River, and 1'eferred to E. Lappula, belong here,
1885. (Fowlers Cat.') Carleton, St. John Co., N.B. (Hay.)

(1556.) E. LAPPULA, Lehm. In waste places around the citadel
at Quebec. (St. Cyr.) Introduced along the Canadian Pacific rail-
way at Morley and Silver City, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(1557.) E. Redowskii, Lehm. Var. occidentale, Watson.
Not uncommon at Silver City, Rocky Mountains. Evidently intro-
duced from the prairie. (Macoun.) In the vicinity of Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(2197.) E. brachycentrum, Ledeb. Var. brachystylum,

Gray. Dry soil, Spence's Bridge, B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.) Dr. Gray,
who named this, indicates that it is new to North America.

415. ERITRICHIUM.

Page 337.

(1561.) For E. Chorisianum, A. DC., read E. Torreyi, Gray.
On dry ground at Lytton. B.C., 1885. (Fletcher.)

(1562.) For E. fulvum, A. DC., read E. Scouleri, A. DC. Fine
specimens collected in 1885 and determined by Dr. Gray.

(1563.) E. tenellum, Gray. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)

(2198.) E. circumscissum, Gray.

Lithospermum circiimscissum, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 370.
Through the dry region to the borders of British Columbia. (Gray.)

416. AMSINCKIA.

(1568.) A. intermedia, Fisch. & Meyer. Cedar Hill, near Vic-
toria, Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.)

(1569.) A. lycopsoides, Lehm. Var. bracteosa, Gray. Mary
Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 569

418. MYOSOTIS.

Page 340.

(1578.) M. sylvatica, Hoffm. Var. alpestris, Koch. Very
abundant on the upper slopes of Canmore, Copper and Castle Moun-
tains, Bow River Pass, Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 341 .

(1580.) M. verna, Nutt. Var. macrosperma, Chapm. Not
uncommon at Cedar Hill and other places around Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)

(2199.) M. VERSICOLOR, Pers. In low ground at Cedar Hill, near
Victoria and at Epquimalt, Vancouver .Island. (Fletcher.)

419. LITHOSPERMUM.

(1582.) L. OFFICINALE, Linn. Waste places in Quebec City around
the citadel. (St. Cyr.)

(1584.) L. pilosum, Nutt. Common on open stony prairies,
about Morley and westward to " The G-ap," Bow River valley, Rocky
Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 342.

(1587.) L. angUStifolium, Michx. Common around Morley
and westward, but not in the Rocky Mountains ; also in the Columbia
valley at Donald, B.C. (Macoun.)

420. ONOSMODIUM.

Page 343-

(1589.) O. Virginianum, DC. Dr. Burgess points out that the
London specimens so named in Part II. are probably 0. Carolinianum.

426. CONVOLVULUS.

Page S46.

(1596.) C. Soldanella, Linn. On sandy shore of Savary Island,
Gulf of Georgia, B.C., 1885. (Dawson.)

(1598.) C. sepium, Linn. Turtle Mountain, N.W.T. (Burgess.}
Regina, N.W.T. (N. H. Cowdj-y.) Dr. Dawson's specimens referred
to var. repens belong here. Island of Orleans, near Quebec. (St. Cyr.)

570 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

427. CUSCUTA.

Page 317.

(1602.) C. salina, Engehn. Hernando Island, Gulf of Georgia,
B.C. (Dawson.)

439. COLLINSIA.

Page 353.

(1635.) C. parviflora, Dougl. On the mountain slopes at Spence's
Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

442. PENTSTEMON.

Page 354.

(1639.; P. Menziesii, Hook. On the summits of the higher
mountains at Canmore, Silver City and about Kicking Horse Lake,
Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Page 355.

(1641.) P. acuminatus, Dougl. Abundant on the dry gravelly
banks of the Bow Eiver, near Morloy, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

(1642.) For P. cristatus, Nutt., read P. albidus, Nutt., and
take out the synonym, P. erianthera, Pursh. Fl. II, 737.

(1644.) P. confertus, Dougl. Extremely abundant from Can-
more to Laggan, but found as far east as Kananaskis station, Bow
Eiver valley, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

Var. caeruleo-purpureus, Gray. Eather common around
Morley, and Kananaskis station, but not westward, in the Bow Eiver
valley, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.) Spence's Bridge, B.C. (Fletcher.)

Page 357.

(1650.) For P. venustus, Dougl., read P. Lyallii, Gray, as to
Dawson's specimens. For Macoun's, read P. Menziesii. On the bor-
ders of British Columbia, Lyall., 1861. (Gray.)

443. MIMULUS.

(1653.) M. Lewisii, Pursh. Abundant especially along moun-
tain torrents, in the valleys of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.)
Pitt Meadows, B.C. (A. J. Hill.)

(1655.) For M. Jamesii, Torr. & Gray, read M. glabratus,
HBK. Var Jamesii, Gray. Supplement, Synop. Jb1!. 447. Thornhill,
York Co., Ont. (St. Cyr.)

CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN PLANTS. 571

Page 358.

(1656.) M. luteus, Linn. Dr. Gray, in his supplement, seems to
make the typical form of this species to belong exclusively to the
coast. Following out this view we place all our Rocky Mountain
specimens under the variety.

Var. alpinus, Gray. Abundant in some stream valleys, but more
particularly about mountain springs and cascades in the narrow valleys
of the Selkirk Mountains, B.C. (Macoun.}

(2200.) M. nasutus, Greene. This species has been confounded
with M. luteus in our collections as a depauperate form of that species,
but it is easily separated by its usually laciniate leaves and being purely
annual. At Victoria, Vancouver island, it flowers very early and dies
away, the seeds germinate during the autumn rains, and the young
plants are ready to flower in April. Gathered by all collectors. Dr.
Gray, in his supplement, gives its range to British Columbia.

(2201.) M. floribundus, Dougl. Occasionally found on over-
flowed places along Beaver Creek in the Selkirk Mountains, B.C.
(Macoun.')

(1658.) M. moschatus, Dougl. Junction of the Quebec and St.
John Railway, Q, (St. Cyr.) Possibly a garden escape.

449. VERONICA.

Page 361.

(1674.) V. alpina, Linn. Port Burwell, Cape Chudleigh, Hudson
Strait. (jR. Bell.) Abundant in mountain meadows and along brooks,
from Silver City westward in the Bow River valley, Rocky Mountains,
also common at the Selkirk summit, B.C. (Macoun.)

450. CERARDIA.

(1685.) C. tenuifolia, Vahl. The Lonely Lake specimens refer-
red to this species, belong to the variety added below.

Var. asperula, Gray, Supplement, Syn. Fl. 452. Stony Moun-
tain, Man. (J. M. Macoun.) It is probable that this form is Douglas's
plant and has been confounded with the G-. aspera of the south, which
is quite distinct from the Manitoba plant. The locality may be the
same with that from which Douglas obtained his specimens.
23

5*72 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

451. CAST1LLEIA.

Page 365.

(1688.) C. miniata, Dougl. Very common in thickets and tall
grass, from Morley westward in the Bow Eiver valley and across the
mountains to the summit of the Selkirks. (Macoun.) Yicinity of
Victoria, Yancouver Island. (Fletcher.} Sooke, Vancouver Island.
(Dawson.)

(1689.) C. pallida, Kunth. Yar. septentrionalis, Gray.
Ford's Harbor and Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; also Fort Churchill,
Hudson Bay. (R. Sell.) Not uncommon in the Bow Eiver valley
westward to Kicking Horse Lake, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.)

454. BARTSIA.

Page 367.

(169*7.) B. alpina, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (R. Bell.)
455. PEDICULAR1S.

(1*702.) P. Greenland ica, Eetz. Nachvak, coast of Labrador,
and Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay. (JR. Bell.} Abundant in marshy
meadows and along brooks, from Morley westward in the Bow Eiver
valley to Kicking Horse Lake, Eocky Mountains. (Macoun.}

(1703.) P. racemosa, Dougl. On the higher slopes of the
Eocky Mountains at Kicking Horse Lake ; also on the Selkirk Moun-
tains, Lat. 51°, B.C. (Macoun.}

(1*704.) P. Lapponica, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador, and
Stupart's Bay, Cape Prince of Wales, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.}

(1706.) P. euphrasioides, Stephan. Ford's Harbor, coast of
Labrador. (R. Bell.}

Page 369-

(1707.) P. palustris, Linn. Yar. Wlassoviana, Bunge. In
wet places along the north side of the Island of Orleans, near Quebec.
{St. Cyr.}

(1708.) P. Canadensis, Linn. Quebec. (St. Cyr.}

(1710.) P. lanceolata, Michx. Wet gravelly river-flat, Saugeen,
Bruce Co., Ont. (Burgess.)

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 513

(1711.) P. bracteosa, Benth. Rather common in thickets along
the lower slopes, from Kananaskis through the Eocky Mountains
to the summit of the Selkirks, B.C. (Macoun.)

Page 870.

(1714.) P. hirsuta, Linn. Ford's Harbor, coast of Labrador,
Cape Chudleigh, Cape Prince of Wales, Upper Savage Islands, Not-
tingham Island and Digges Island, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell)

(1715.) P. flammea, Linn. Ford's Harbor and Nachvak, coast
of Labrador ; also Cape Chudleigh, Digges and Mansfield Islands, and
the Eskimo Village of Hyla, Hudson Strait. (R. Bell.)

(2202.) P. contorta, Benth. Abundant on the north slope of Castle
Mountain, at an altitude of 7,000 feet, Bow River valley, Rocky Moun-
tains, 1885. (Macoun.)

456. RHINANTHUS.

•

Page 371.

(1718.) R. Crista-galli, Linn. Neighborhood of Quebec. (St.
Gyr.) Grassy slopes along the Bow River valley at Kananaskis station,
Rocky Mountains. (Macoun.} Cedar Hill, near Victoria, Vancouver
Island. (Fletcher.)

46O. BOSCHNIAKIA.

Page 374. i

(1727.) B. Hookeri, Walp. Mount Finlayson, near Victoria,
Vancouver Island. (Fletcher.) The specimens agree fully with
Hooker's figure and description.

462. UTRICULARIA.

Page 374.

(1734.) U. intermedia, Hayne. In sandy pools and wet marshy
spots along the Bow River at Silver City, Rocky Mountains ; also in
marshes along Beaver Creek, Selkirk Mountains. (Macoun.)

463. PINCUICULA.

Page 376.

(1739.) P. vulgar is, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador. (E.
Bell.) Abundant around Kananaskis station and westward to Donald
in the Columbia valley. Chiefly along the immediate banks of rivers*
(Macoun.)

574 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

467. PHRYMA.

Page 378.

(1744.) P. Leptostachya, Linn. Ste. Anne's, Q. (St. Cyr.}
468. VERBENA.

Page 379.

(1748.) V. bracteosa, Michx. Kamloops Lake, EC. (Fletcher.}
470. TEUCRIUM.

Page 380.

(2203.) T. occidentale, Gray. Specimens referred to this species
by Dr. Gray were collected on the left bank of the Eiver Moira a little
above the railway bridge, at Belleville, Ont. (Macoun.)

476. PYCNANTHEMUM.

Page 383.

(2204.) P. linifolium, Pursh. In low wet meadows, Point Edward,
Eiver St. Glair, Ont., 1884. (J. M. Macoun.)

(2205.) P. muticum, Pers. Yar. pilosum, Gray. Rondeau
Kent Co., Lake Erie, Ont. (J. A. Balkwell.}

481. CALAMINTHA.

Page 384.

(1769.) C. Nuttallii, Benth. "Wet gravelly river-flat, London,
Ont. (Burgess.}

489. SCUTELLARIA.

(1787.) S. parvula, Michx. "Wet rocky places, Island of Orleans,
near Quebec. (St. Cyr.}

497. PLANTACO.

Page 392.

(1805.) P. Rugelii, Decaisne Damp places, Island of Orleans,
Q. (St.Cyr.}

CATALOGUE OP CANADIAN PLANTS. 5t5

Page 393.

(1809.) P. maritima, Linn. Nachvak, coast of Labrador ; Not-
tingham Island, Hudson Strait ; and Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay.
(E. Bell.) Island of Orleans, and on the Mingan Islands, Q. (St. Cyr.~)
Hernando Island, Gulf of Georgia, B.C. (Dawson.")

(1810.) P. lanceolata, Linn. Mr. James Fletcher collected two
forms of this species in the neighborhood of Victoria, Vancouver Island,
one with white anthers quite common, the other with yellowish-green
ones much less so.

498. LITTORELLA.

Page 394.

(1815.) L. lacustris, Linn. In Lake Utopia, St. George, KB.
( Vroom.")

END OP VOL. I.

Note.

For Genus Number 584 see page 535.

For Species Numbers 2206 and 2207 see page 535.

INDEX.

PAGE.

Abies, Juss 473

alba, Poir 469

Albertiana, Murray 471

amabilis, Forbes 475

amabilis, Murray 474

arctica, Murray 469

balsamea, Miller 473

balsamifera, MX 473

bifolia, Murray 474

Canadenxis, Desf 471

denticulata, MX 468

Douglasii, Lindl 472

var. taxifolia, Gordon 472

Engelihanni, Parry 470

Gorduniana, Carr 474

grandis. Lindl 474

grandis, Murray 475

grandis, Engelm 474

var. densiflora, Eng 475

Hookeriana, Murray 472

Menzissii, Lindl 470

Mertensiana, Lindl 471

microcarpa, Poir 475

mucronata, Raf . 472

nigra, Poir 468

nigra, Engelm 470

nigra, var. rubra, MX 468

Pattoniana, Jeffrey 472

Pattonii, McNab 471

pendula, Poir 475

rubra, Poir '. 468

var. cserulea, Lindl. & Gord..469

Sitchensis, Lindl. & Gord 470

subalpina, Engelm 474

Wittiamsonii, Vasey 472

Abronia, Juss 395

arenaria, Menz 396

latifolia, Esch. 396

umbellata, Lam 395

Abutilon, Tourn 87

Avicennse, Gsertn 87, 501

Acalypha, L 427

Caroliniana 427

Virginica, L 427

ACANTHACB^E (LXXIV) 377

Acer, Tourn 98

barbatum, Dougl 99

barbatum, MX 99

circinatum, Pursh 98

PAGE.

coccineum, MX. f 99

dasycarpum. Ehrh 99

eriocarpum, MX 99

glabruin, Torr. 99, 504

macrophyllum, Pursh 98

montanum, Ait 98

Negundo, L 100

nigrwn, MX. f 99

Pennsylvanicum, L 98

rubrum L 99

saccharinum, Wang 99

var. nigrum, T. & G 99

saccharinum, MX 99

spicatum, Lam 98

striatum, Du Roi 98

tripartitum, Nutt 99

Acerates, Ell 320

longifolia, Ell 565

viridiflora, Ell 320

var. lanceolate, Gr 320

var. linearis, Gr. 320

Achillea, L 251

borealis, Bong 251

Millefolium, L 251

var. lanata, Koch 251, 552

var. nigrescens, E. Meyer.. .552

multiflora, Hook 251

Ptarmica, L 251

Ptarmica, Rich 251

Sibirica 252

tomentosa, Pursh 251

Achlys, Hook 30

triphylla, DC 30

Acnida, L 397

altissima, MX 397

cannabina,\a,T. concafenata,Moq.397

ruscocarpa, Gr 397

rusocarpa, MX 397

rusocarpa, Moq 397

tuberculata, Moq 397

Aconitum, Tourn 26

Columbianum, Nutt 26

delphinifolium, DC 26

Fischeri, Reich 26

Napellus,L 26

Napellus, var. delphinifolium,

Seringe • 26

nasutum, Fisch 26

nasutum, Hook 26

578

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Actsea, Linn 27

alba, Bigelow 27

Americana, var. a., Pursh 27

Americana, var p., Pursh 27

arguta, Nutt 27

brachypetala, var. /?., Rich 27

cimlcij'uga, Hook 27

palmata, Hook 26

racemosa, L 27

ra6ra, Willd 27

spicata, var. alba, L 27

spicata, L., var. arguta, Torr. . . 27
var. rubra, Ait 27

Actinella, Pers 250

acaulis, Nutt 250

lanata, Pursh 249

Richardsonii, Nutt 250, 552

Actinomeris, Nutt 246

alternifolia, DC 246

squarrosa, Nutt 246, 550

Adenocaulon, Hook 239

bicolor, Hook 239, 549

Adlumia, Raf 35

cirrhosa, Raf 35, 485

Adoxa, L 193

Moschatellina, L 193

JEsculus, L 98

Hippocastanum, L 98

^Ethusa, L 184

Cynapiurn, L 184

Agriinoma, Tourn 142

Eupatoria, L 142, 518

var. parviflora, Hook 142

Eupatoria, MX 142

parviflora, Ait 142

pilosa, Ledeb 142

stri'ita, MX 142

suaveolen?, Pursh 142

Agroi-temma Githago, L 69

Ailanthus, Desf 93

glandulosus, Desf 93

Ajuga.i, 380

reptans, L 380

Alchemilla, Tourn 142

Aphanes, Pursh 142

arvensis, Scop 142

cwneifolia, Nutt 142

occidental, Nutt 142

vulgaris.L 142,518

Allionia hirsuta, Pursh 395

linearis, Pursh 395

nyctaginea, MX 395

Allotropa, T. & G 307

virgata, T. & G 307, 564

Alnus, Geertn 437

crispa, Pursh 438

gluuca, MX , 438

glutiiwsa, Rich 438

glutiitosa, Pursh 437

incana, Willd 438

var. gla.uca, Gr. 438

PAGE.

var. virescens, Wat 438

rhombifolia, Nutt 438

rubra, Bong 437

serrulata, Holmes, Cat 438

undulata, Willd 438

viridis, DC 438

Alsine Groenlandica, Gray 73

Michauxii, Fenzl 72

Alyssum, Tourn 53

calycinum, L 53

hyperboreum, L 52

AMAEANTACE^E (LXXXI) 396

Amarantus, L 396

albus, L 397

blitoides, Wat 397

hypochondriacus, L 396

paniculatus, Linn 396

retrpflexus, L 397

Ambrosia, Tourn 240

acanthicarpa, Hook 241

artemisisefolia, L 240

coronopi/olta, T. & G 240

elatior, L 240

integrifolia, Muhl 240

paniculata, Hook 241

paniculata, MX 240

psilostachya, DC 240

trifida, L. 240, 549

var. integrifolia, T. & G- • .240

Amelanchier, Medic 148

alnifolia, Nutt 148, 522

Botryapium, Lindl 148

Canadensis, T. & G 148

var. alnifolia, T. & G 148

var. oblongifolia, T. & G. . 119

var. oligocarpa, T. & Gr 149

var. pumila, T. & G 148

var. rotundifolia, T. & G. . .148

ovalis, DC 149

ovalis, Hook 148

var.semi-integrifolia, Hook- 148
sanguinea, DC 149

Amellus spimdosus, Pursh 209

villosus, Pursh 209

Amida gracilis, Nutt 248

Ursula, Nutt 248

Ammogeton scorzonersefolium, Schrad.278

Amorpha, Linn 108

canescens, Nutt 108, 506

fruticosa, L 109

microphylla, Pursh 109, 506

nana, Nutt 109

Ampelopsis, MX 97

quinquefolia, MX 97

Amphicarpsea, Ell 123

monoica, Ell 123

Amsinckia, Lehm 338

intermedia, Fisch & Meyer.338, 568
lycopsoides, Lehm, var. brac-

teosa, Gr.. .......338,568

ANACARDIACE.E (xxx) 100

INDEX.

5*79

PAGE.

Anagallis, L 315

arvensis, L 315

Anaphalis, DC 237

margaritacea, Benth. & Hook.. 237

Andromeda, L 297

calyculata, L 296

cupressina, Hook 296

hypnoides, L 296

ligustrina, Muhl 297

lycopodioides, Pall 296

paniculate, Ait 297

polifolia, L 297

racemosa, Pursh 298

rosmarinifolia, Pursh 297

Stelleriana, Pall 296

tetragona, L 297

Androsace, L 311

Chamsejasme, Host. 311, 564

occidental is, Pursh 311

septentrionalis, L 311

Anemone, L 12

aconitifolia, MX 13

acutiloba, Lawson 14

alpina, Hook 12

Baldensis, Hook 12, 478

borealis, Rich 12

cuneifolia, Juss 12

cylindrica, Gray 13

decapetala, L 478

deltoidea, Hook 13

dichotoma, L 13, 478

Drummondii, Wat 478

Hepatica, L 14,478

Hudsoniana, Rich 13

land/alia, Pursh 12

multifida, DC 13,478

narcissiflora, L 14

nemorosa, L 12

var. ? 478

Nuttalliana, DC 12

occidentals, Wat 12, 477

parviflora, MX 12,477

patens, L 12

patens, L., var. Nuttalliana, Gr. 12

Pennsylvania, L 13

ranunculoides, var. Rich 13

Richardsoni, Hook 13

Virginiana, L 13, 478

Angelica, L . 1)*5

atropurpurea, Lindl 185

Dawsoni, Wat 535

genuflexa, Nutt 185

lucida, L 185

lucida, Bart 184

Lyallii, Wat 535

triquinata, MX 185

triquinata. Nutt 186

Anisocarpus madioides, Nutt 248

ANONACELE (in) 28

Anoplanthus fasciculatus, Walp 373

uniflorus, Endl 372

24

PAGE.

Antennaria, Gsertn 235

alpina, Gsertn 236, 548

Carpathica, R. Br 236, 548

wr.pulcherrima,Hook 237, 548

dimorpha, T. & G 235

dioica, Gsertn 236

var. rosea, Eaton 236, 548

luzuloides, T. &G 237

margaritacea, Hook 237

plantaginifolia, Hook 235

racemosa, Hook 235, 548

Anthemis, L 252

arvensis, L 252

Cotula, L 252

tinctoria, L 252

Anthriscus, Pers 184

vulgaris, Perg 184

Antirrhinum, L 353

Canadense, Pursh 352

Elatine, Pursh 353

Linaria, Pursh ... 352

Orpntium, L 353

Anychia, Rich 8,1 396

Canadense, Elliott 81

dichotoma, MX 81, 396

Apargia autumnalis, Willd 277

Apargidium, T. & G 277

boreale, T. & G 277

Aphragmus Eschscholtzianus, Andrz.. 55

Aphyllon, Mitchell 372

comosum, Gr 373

fasciculatum, Gr 373

Ludoviciamim, Gr 373

pinetorum, Gr 373

uniflorum, Gr 372

Apios, Boer 122

tuberosa, Moench 122

Apium, L 180

lineare, Benth. & Hook 182

Petroselinum, L 180

Aplopappus acavlis, Gr. var 210

lanceolatus, T. & G 210

Nuttallii, T. & G 210

spinulosus, DC 219

uniflorw, T. & G 200

(See Haplopappus.)

APOCYNACE^: (LXII) 317

Apocynum, L 317

androssemifolium, L 317, 565

var. glabrum 317

var. incanum, A. DC. 317, 565

var. pumilum, Gr 318

cannabinum, L 318

var. glaberrimum, DC.... 318
var. hypericifolium, Gr...318
var pubescens, Torr . . 318, 565

hypericifolium, Ait 318

pubescens, Torr 318

Aquilegia, Tourn 24

brevistyla, Hook 24, 482

Canadensis, L 24

580

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGT8.

Canadensis, Hook 24

Canadensis, var. formosa, Wat . . 24

chrysantha, Gr 482

flavescens, Wat 25, 482

forrnosa, Fisch 24, 481

vulgaris, L 24,482

vulgaris. Rich 24

Arabis, L 41

alpina, L 44,487

ambigua, DC 42

Canadensis, L : "." ^4

canescens, Nutt., var. latifolia,

Wat. 487

Drummondii , Gr 43, 486

var. brachycarpa, Gr 43

Drummondii var. alpina, Wat. . 43

falcata, MX 44

Gerardi, var. borealis 42

h&yjrridoides, Gr 58

heterophylla, Nutt 44

hirsuta, Scop 42

Holbcellii, Hornem 42, 486

Isevigata, Poir 44

Lyallii.Wat 43, 487

lyrata, L 41

microphylla, Nutt 43

perfoliata, Lam 43, 487

petrsea, Lam • 42, 486

var. ambigua, Regel. . . . { 42
i486

reptans, T. & G 52

retrofracta, Graham 43

rhomboidea, Pers 40

rupestris, Nutt 42

sagittata, DC 42

sparsiflora, Nutt 42

stricta, Huds 44

Aralia, Tourn 188

hispida, Vent 189

nudicaulis, L 189, 537

quinquefolia, Decaisne 189, 537

racemosa, L 188

trifolia, Decaisne 189

ARALIACB^E (XLVI) 188

Arbutus, L 294

alpina, L 294

Menziesii, Pursh 294

tomentosa, Pursh 295

Uva-ursi, L 295

Arceuthobium, Bieb 422

Americanum, Nutt 422

Oxycedri, Bieb 422

robustum, Engelm 422

Archangelica, Hoffm 185

atropurpurea, Hoffm 185, 536

Grnelini, DC 186, 536

hirsute, T & G 186

officinalis, Hook 186

peregrina, Nutt 186

Archemora, DC 188

rigida, DC 188

Arctium, L 268

Lappa, L 268

var. minus, Gr 269

var. tomentosum, Gr 268

Arctostaphylos, Adns 294

alpina, Spreng 294, 561

tomentosa, Dougl 295

Uva-ursi, Spreng 295

Arenaria, Linn 70

arctica, Stev 71

var. breviscapa, Regel 71

arctica, var. p. grandiflora,

Hook 71

var. y. obtusa, T. & G 71

var. stenopetala, Hook 71

biflora, Wahl, var. obtusa,

Wat 71,496

buxifolia, Poir 73

Canadensis, Pers 80

capillaris, Poir, var. nardifolia,

Regel 70,496

congesta, Nutt., var. sub-con-

gesta, Wat 71

fasciculata, Pursh 74

formusa, Hook 70

Groenlandica, Spreng 73, 496

hirta, Wormsk 71

juniperina, Pursh 71

laricifolia, Pursh 71

lateriflora, L 73, 497

macrocarpa, Pursh 72

macrophylla, Hook 73

Michauxii, Hook 72, 74, 496

nardifolia, Ledeb 70

peploides, L * 73

tar. oblongifolia, Wat . f 73
\497

peploides, var. major, Hook 73

physodes, DC 73, 497

propinqua, Rich 71

Pumilio, R. Br 71

pungens, Nutt. 72, 496

Purshiana, ,Seringe 76

quadrivalvis, R. Br 72

Rossii, R. Br 72

rubella, Hook 72

rubra, Hook 80

rubra, var. (3., MX 80

serpyllifolia, L 73, 497

stricta, Fenzl 72

stricta, MX 72

tenella, Nutt 72

thymifulia, Pursh 76

uliginosa, Schl 72

verna, L 71,496

var. hirta, Wat 71, 496

var. rubella, Hook 72, 496

AKISTOLOCHIACE^E (LXXXV) 418

Armeria,Willd 308

vulgaris, Willd 308, 564

Armoracia rusticana, Rupp 39

INDEX.

581

PAGE.

Arnica, L 260

alpina, Olin 261,554

amplexicaulis, Nutt 261

angwtifolia, Vahl 261

Chamissonis, Less 261 , 553

Chamismnis, T. & G 261

cordifoHa, Hook 260, 553

Doronicum, Willd 267

foliosa, Nutt 261,554

latifplia, Bong 261, 553

maritima, L 267

maritima, Willd 267

Menziexii, Hook 261

mollis, Hook 261

montana, Hook 261

montana, /3. alpina, L 20 1

obtusifolia, Less 262

Sachalinensis, Gr. 262

TJnalaschkensis, Less 262

Artemisia, L 255

Absinthium, L 259

arctica, Less 258

arctica, Bess 258

biennis, Willd 259

borealis, Pall., var. spitharncea,

T.&G 255

var. Wormskioldii, Bess... 255
borealis var. Purshii, Hook .... 255

csespitosa, Hook 258

campestris, Pursh 256

cana, Pursh 256

Canadensis, MX 256

caudata, MX 256

Chamissoniana, Bess 258

var. saxatilis, Bess ........ 258

desertorum, Hook 256

discolor, Dougl 256, 553

var. imcompta, Gr 553

Douglasiana, Bess 257

dracunculoides, Pursh 255, 553

dracunculoides var. incana,T.&G.255

Dracunculus, Pursh 255

frigida, Willd 259

frigida, var. Gmelinana, Bess . . 259

glauca, Pall 255

glauca, var. fastigiata, Bess .... 255

globularia, Cham 258

glomerata, Ledeb 258

gnaphalodes, DC 257

integrifolia, Pursh 257

Lindleyana, Bess 257

longifolia, Nutt 256

Ludoviciana, Nutt 257

var. Douglasiana, Eaton.. 257
var. gnaphalodes, T. & G. .257

var. latifolia, T. & G. 257

var. latiloba, Nutt 257

Ludoviciana, Bess 256

Norvegica, Fries 258

var. Pacifica, Gray 258

Nuttalliana, Bess 255

PAGE.

Purshiana var. a. latifolia, Bess . 257
var. /?. angustifolia, Bess ... 257

Richardsoniana, Bess 258

Senjavinensis, Bess 259

spithamwa, Pursh 255

tridentata, Nutt 256

trifida, Nutt 256

Tilem, Ledeb 258

vulgaris, L 257

var. Californica, Bess 258

var. Tilesii, Ledeb 258

Asarum, Linn 418

Canadense, L 418

Canadense var. /3., Hook 418

caudatum, Lindl 418

ASCLEPIADACE.<E (LXIIl) 318

Asclepias, L 318

amcena, Willd 318

Cornuti, Decaisne 319

Douglasii, Hook 319

incarnata, L 318

longifolia, MX 565

nivea, Sims 319

obtusifolia, MX 320

ovalifolia, Decaisne 319

phytolaccoides, Pursh 319

purpurascens, L 320

quadrifolia, L 319

speciosa, Tor 319

Syriaca, L 319

tuberosa, L 318

variegata, L 320

variegata, L. var. minor, Hook . . 319

verticillata, L 319

viridiflora, Eaf 320

var. lanceolata, Hook . . 320, 565

Asimina, Adans 28

triloba, Dunal 28

Aster, L 218

acuminatus, MX 227

adscendens, Lindl 220

adscendens, var. Fremonti, T.

& G 546

aestivus, Ait 225

sestivus, Ait. 545

alpinus, L 227, 546

amplexicaulis, Willd 221

amplus, Lindl 226

angustus, T. & G 228

argenteus, MX 220

azureus, Lindl 221, 544

bellidiflorus, Hook 225

biflorus, MX 219

borealis, Provancher 225

campestris, Nutt 224

canescens, Pursh 218

carneus, Nees 224

ciliolatus, Lindl 222

commutatus, Gr. 544

concinnus, Hook 221

conspicuus, Lindl 220, 544

582

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

cordifolius, L 222

Cornuti, Nees 225

corymbosus, Ait 219

cyaneus, Hotfm 221

diffusus, Hook 224

divergens, Hook 224

diversifolius, MX 222

Douglasii, Lindl 220, 546

dumosus, L 224, 545

elegans, T. & G 227,546

Engelmanni, Gr 227, 546

ericoides, Ait 223

var. villosus, T. & G.. .223, 544

ericoides, Lam 223

ericoides, Hook . 223

exscapus, Rich 218

falcatus, Lindl 223

foliaceus, Lindl 226, 546

var. frondeus 546

Fremonti, Gr 546

graminifolius, Pursh 229

junceus, Ait. 225, 545

leevigatus, Lam 221

Isevis, L 221

Isevis, L., var. Isevigatus, Willd.. . 221

Lamarckianus, Hook 224

laxifolius, Nees 225

laxifolius, Hook 224

laxifolius var. borealis,T. & G. -225

laxus. var. burealis (D) . . . 225

ledifolius, Pursh 227

linariifolius, L 229

Lindleyanus, T. & G 222, 544

var. 7., T. &G 222

linifolius, L 229

longifolius, Lam 226

longifolius, Lam 225

lutescens, T. & G 228, 546

macrophyllus, L 219

Menziesii, Lindl 221

miser, T. & G 224

modestus, Lindl 227, 546

montanus, Rich 219, 544

var. arcticus, T. & G.. 219, 544

var. giganteus, T. & G. ... 220
multiflorus, Ait 223, 544

var. commutatus, T. & G. / 223
\544

var. stricticaulis, T. & G. . . . 223

mutatus, T. & G 226, 545

nemoralis, Ait 227, 546

Novse-Anglise, L 226, 545

Noyi-Belgii, L 225, 545

occidentalis, Nutt., var. inter-

medius, Gr 546

Oreganus, Nutt 546

paniculatus, Lam 224, 545

paniculatus, Ait., var. <?., Hook.. 222

parviflorus, Hook 224

patens, Ait 221

patulus, Lam 225

PAGE.

pauciflorus, Nutt 228

pendulus, Hook 224

peregrinus, Pursh 226

prsecox, Lindl 222

prenanthoides, Muhl 547

ptarmicoides, T. & G 228

var. lutescens, Gr 546

puniceus, L 226

var. firmus, T. & G 226

var. vimineus 226

pygmseus, Lindl 227

radula, Ait 219

var. strictus, Gray 219, 544

radulinus, Gray 220

ramulosus, Lindl 223

var. incano-pilosus, Hook ( 223

J544

Richardsonii, Spreng 219

(3. giganteus, Hook 220

rigidus, L 229

rubicaulis, Lam 221

sagittifolius, Willd 222

salicifolius, Ait 224, 545

salicifolius, Rich 226

salsuginosus, Rich 233

Sayii, Gray 227, 545

sericeus, Vent 220

Sibiricus, L 544

Sibiricus, Fisch 219

simplex, T. & G 224

solidagineus, MX 218

solidaginoides, Pursh 218

sparsiflorus, MX 223

spathulatus, Lindl 220

strictus, Pursh 219

strictus, Nees. var. angustifolius,

Lindl 221

tanacetifolius, HBK 218

tardiflorus, L 225, 545

tenui/olius, T. & G 224, 545

tenuifolius, L 545

Tradescanti, L.. 545

umbellatus, Mill 229

var. pubens, Gray 229

Unalaschensis. Nees 233

Unulaschensis, jl (?) major, Hook.226

undulatus, L 222, 544

uniflorus, MX 227

villosus, MX 223

vimineus, Lindl 226

vimineus, Lam 545

var. foliolosus, Gr 545

Astragalus, L 110

aboriginum, Rich Ill, 508

adsurgens, Pall 110, 507

alpinus, L 112,508

Be kwithii, T & G 112

bisulcatus, Gr 113

Bourgovii, Gr 114, 508

csespitosus, Gr 114

campestris, Gr 508

INDEX.

583

PAGE.

Canadensis, L 110, 507

Carolinianus, L 110

caryocarpus, Ker 110

collinus, Dougl 114

Cooperi, Gr 112, 508

cyrtoides, Gr 113

decumbens, Gr 114

diaphanus, Dougl 110

Drumruondii, Dougl Ill, 507

flexuosus, Dougl 113

frigidus, Gr., var. Americanus,

Wat..... 113,508

var. littoralis, Wat 113, 508

frigidus, Rothr 113

Gibbsii, Kellogg 113

glabriusculus, Gr Ill

goniatuK, Nutt Ill

hypoglottis, L 111,507

Kentrophyta, Gr 114

Labradoricu.% Hook 1 12

lentiginosus, Dougl 110, 507

lotiflorus, Hook 112, 508

Lyallii,Gr 110

melanocarpus, Nutt . . « 112

microcystis, Gr 113

Missouriensis, Nutt 112

multiflorus, Gr 114, 508

nigrescens, Gr 114

oroboides, Hook Ill

oroboides, Hornem., var. Am- f 111

ericanus, Gr. \ 508

Palliseri, Gr 114,508

pauciflorus, Hook 115

pectinatus, Dougl 113

polaris, Benth 115

Purshii, Doug 112

racemosus, Pursh Ill

Robbinsii, Matthew 112

secundus, MX 112

speirocarpus, Gr 113

striatus, Nutt 110

tenellus, Pursh 114

triphyllus, Pursh 115

vaginatus, Rich 115

Atragene Americana, Sims 11

Atripulex, L 401

Alaskensis, Wat 402

angustifolia, Hook 401, 402

arenaria, Nutt 402

argentea, Nutt 402

caneweng, Nutt 402

Endolepis, Wat 402

Gmelini, C. A. Meyer 402

hastata, L 401

laeiniata, Pursh 401

littoralis, Hook 402

littoralis, Bour 401

Nuttallii, Wat 402

patula, L 401

var. hastata, Gr 401

var. littoralis, Gr 401

PAGE.

var. subspicata, Wat 401

rosea, L 401

zostersefolia, Wat 402

Azalea nudiflora, L 302

periclymenoides, MX 302

procumbens, L 298

viscosa, L 302

Bahia lanata, DC 249

leucophylla, DC 249

Balsamorhiza, Hook 243

deltoidea, Nutt 243

hirsuta, Nutt 550

sagittata, Nutt 243

Baptisia, Vent 123

alba, Hook 123

leucantha, T. & G 123

tinctoria, R. Br 123, 512

Barbarea, R. Br 44

prsecox, R. Br 45

vulgaris, R. Br 44

var. arcuata, Koch 45

var. stricta, Regel 45

vulgaris, R. Br 45

Barkhausia nana, DC 274

Bartonia, Muhl 327

albicaulis, Hook 176

Icevicaulis, Dougl , 176

ornata, Pursh 176

parvi flora, Dougl 176

tenella, Muhl 327

Bartsia, L 367

acuminata, Pursh 365

alpina, L. 367, 572

coccinea, Pursh 364

Gymnandra, Willd 378

Odontites, Huds 367

pallida, L 365

tenuifolia, Pursh 366

Balis vermiculata, Hook 405

Butschia canescens, MX 342

Gmelini, MX 342

longiflora, Pur&h 342

Bellis, L'. 217

perennis, L 217

Benzoin odoriferum, Nees 419

BERBERIDACE.E (v) 29

Berberis, L 29,483

Aquifolium, Pursh 29, 483

Aquifolium, Pursh 29

Aquifolium var. p. & y., T. & G. 29

nervosa, Pursh 29

nervosa, Pursh 29

pinnata, Ker 29

repens, Lindl 29, 483

vulgaris, L 29, 483

Berula, Koch 534

angustifolia, Koch 534

Betula, L 435

alba, L., var. populifolia, Spach..436

584

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

crispa 438

Ermani, Cham 437

excelsa, Ait 435

excelsa, Pursli.J 436

glandulosa, MX 437

lenta,L 435

lutea, Mx.,f. 436

nana, Gr 437

nana, L ..... 437

nigra, L 435

occidentalis, Hook 437

occidentalis, Lyall 436

papyracea, Ait 436

papyrifera, MX 436

populifolia, Hook , . . . » v . .....436

pumila, L, 437

Bidens, L 247

Beckii, Torr 247

cernua, L 247

var. elata, T. & G 247

chrysanthemoides, MX 247

chrysunthemoides, Hook , .247

connata, Muhl 247

frondosa, L 247, 551

pilosa, Willd 247

Bigelovia, DC 210

Douglasii, Gr 211

graveolens, Gr 210, 542

mr. hololeuca, Gr . . . . 210, 542
viridiflora, DC 211

BlGNONIACEJE (LXXIIl) 377

Biotia corymbosa, DC 219

macrophylla, DC 219

Blepharipappm glandulosus, Hook. . . 551

Blephilia, Raf 386

hirsuta, Benth 386

Blitum Bonus - Henricus, C. A.

Meyer 400

capitatum, L 400

chenopodioides, Nutt 398

glauf-wn, Koch . . .'. 399

maritimum, Nutt 400

Nuttallianum, R. & S 398

polymorphism, C. A. Meyer.... 400
rubrum, Reich 400

Boehmeria, Jacq 432

cylindrica, Willd 432

cylindrica, var. /?. Hook 432

Boisduvalia, Spach 174

densiflora, Wat 174,531

glabella, Wa.p 174

Borago, L 344

BORRAGINACE^E (LXVIl) 334

officinalis, L 344

BoBchniakia, C. A. Meyer 374

glabra, C. A. Meyer 374

Hookeri, Walp 374, 573

Boykinia, Nutt 155

occidentals, T. & G 155, 525

Richardsom, Gray 155

Brachyris Euthamise, Nutt 208

PAGE.

Brasenia, Schreb 31

peltata, Pursh 31,483

Brassica, Tourn 47

alba, Gr 48

campestris, L 48

nigra, Koch 48, 488

Sinapistrum, Boiss 47

Bray a, Sternb. & Hoppe 54

alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe, var.

Americana, Hook .... 54

var. glabella, Wat 55, 490

arctica, Hook 55

Eschscholtziana, Benth. &

Hook 55

glabella, Rich 55

pilosa, Hook 55

Brickellia, Ell 207

grandiflora, Nutt 207

oblongifolia, Nutt 207

Bryanthus, Gmel 299

Aleuticus, Gr 299

empetriformis, Gr 299

var. intermedius, Gr. . . 299, 562

glanduliflorus, Gr 299, 562

Grahamii, Hook 299,562

taxifolius, Gray 299, 562

Brunella, L 388

vulgaris, L — 388

BuphtMlmum helianthoides, L 242

sagittatum, Pursh 243

Bupleurum, Linn 182

ranunculoides, L 182, 534

• rotundifolium, L 534

Cacalia, L 268

atriplicifolia, L. 268

sfuav-eolens, L 268

tuberosa, Nutt 268, 555

CACTACE.E (XLIII) 177

Cactu* viviparus, Nutt 177

Cakile, Tourn 58

Americana, Nutt 58

edentula, Hook 58

maritima, Pursh 58

var. Americana, T. & G. . . 58

Calamintha, Moench 384

Clinopodium, Benth 384

glabella, var. Nuttallii, Gr 384

Nuttallii, Benth 384,574

vufgare, Pursh 384

Calandrinia, HBK 83

Menziesii, Hook 83, 500

pygmsea, Gray 83

fipeciosa, Lindl t . . . 83

Callitriche, L 530

autumnalis, L 530

verna, L 530

Calluna, Salisb 298

Atlantica, Seem 298

vulgaris, Salisb 298

INDEX.

585

PAGE.

Caltha,L 23

arctica, R. Br • 23

asarifolia, DC 23

biflora,T>C 23

integerrima, Pursh 23

leptosepala, DC 23, 481

natans, Pall 23

palustris, L 23

var. flabellifolia, T. & G 23

var. integerrima, T. & G — 23

var. minima, Regel 23

var. parnassifolia , T. & G. . . 23

var. Sibirica, Regel 23

Calymenia angustifolia, Fraser 395

Calystegia sepium, R. Br. 345

var. pubescens, Gray 346

var. rosea, Choisy 345

Soldanella,Ti. Br 345

spithamoea, Pursh 345

tomentosa, Pursh 345

Camaropis fragarioides, Nestler. . . . 134

Camelina, Crantz 54

Barbareaefolia, DC 37

sativa, Crantz 54

Campanula, L 287

acuminata, MX 289

Americana, L 289

amplexicaulis, MX 286

aparinoides, Pursh 288

dasyantha, Bieb 287

duUa, A.DC 287

lasiocarpa, Cham 287

linifolia, A.DC 287

var. heterodoxa, Ledeb 560

var. Langsdorffiana, A.DC f 288
\560

perfoliata, L 286

petiolata, A.DC 288

pilosa, Pall 287

pratemds, A.DC 288

rapunculoides, L 287

rotundifolia, L 288-289, 560

var. Alaskana, Gr 560

var. arctica, Lange 560

var. linifolia, Gr 560

var. j8. linifolia, Rich 287

Scouleri, Hook 288, 560

Scheuchzeri, Vill f 287-289

\ 560
var. heterodoxa, Gr.. 288, 560

uniflora, L 287, 559

CAMPANULACE^E (LIV) 286

Cannabis, L 429

sativa, L 429

Cantua aggregata, Pursh 330

parviflora, Pursh 330

CAPPARIDACE^; (xi) 59

CAPRIFOLIACEjE (XLVIIl) 193

Cajyrifolium bracteosum, MX ..... 197

ciliosum, Pursh 196

parviflorum, Pursh 197

PAGE.

Capsella, Vent 56

Bursa-pastoris. Moench 56

divaricata, Walp 56

Cardamine, L 40

angulata, Hook 41 •

articulata, Pursh 48

bellidifolia, L 40

digitata (?), Rich 41

hirsuta, L 41

var. sylvatica, Gr 41,486

var. Virginica, T. & G 41

mv2tiftda, Pursh 46

oligosperma, Nutt 41

Pennsylvania, Muhl 41

pratensis,L 41,486

purpurea Cham. & Schlecht. . . 40

rhomboidea, DC 40, 486

rotundifolia, MX 40, 486

var. purpurea, Torr 40,486

rotundifolia, MX 40

rotundifolia, vars. a, (3, & 7, T.

& G 40

sylvatica, Gr 41

Virginica, MX 41

Carduus, Tourn 269

arvensis, Smith 271

crispus, L 269

discolor, var. fl. albis, Hook 271

foliosus, Hook 271

muticus, Nutt 270

nutans, L 269

pumilus, Hook 270

Carpinus, L 439

Americana, MX 439

Caroliniana, Walter 439

Ostrya, L 439

var. Americana, MX 439

Carum, Koch 180

Carui, L 180

Gairdneri, Beiith & Hook. 180, 533

Gary a, Nutt 433

alba, Nutt 433

amara, Nutt 434

glabra, Torr 433

microcarpa, Nutt 433

porcina, Nutt 433

tomentosa, Nutt 433

CARYOPHYLLACE.E ....(xv) 67

Cassandra, Don 296

caly culata, Don 296

Cassiope, Don 296

hypnoides, Don 296, 562

lycopodipides, Don 296

Mertensiana, Pall 296

Stelleriana, DC 296

tetragona, Don 297, 562

Castanea, Geertn 443

vesca, Willd 443

var. Americana, MX 443

vulgaris, Lamk., var. Ameri-
cana, A.DC 443

586

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

Castilleia, Linn, f 364

coccinea, Spreng 364

miniata, Dougl ...365,572

hispida, Benth 365

pallida, Kunth 365

var. septentrionalis, Gr.. / 365
1572

var. miniata, Gr 365

var. Unalaschensis, Cham.

&Schlecht 365

parviflora, Bong 365

septentrionalis, Lindl 365

sessiliflora, Pursh . . 366

Caucalis L 537

nodosa, Huds 537

Caulophyllum, MX 30

thalictroides, MX 30, 483

Ceanothus, L 95

Americanus, L 95

intermtdius, Hook 96

intermedius, Pursh 95

Isevigatus, Hook 96

Oreganus, Nutt 96

ovaMs, Bigel ; . . . 96

ovatus, Desf 96

perennis, Pursh 95

sanguineus, Pursh 96

sanguineus, Nutt 95

velutinus, Dougl 96, 503

var. Isevigatus, T. & G.. 96, 504

CELASTRACEJE (xxvi) 94

Celastrus, L 94

bullatus, L 94

scandens, L 94, 503

Celtis, L 429

alba, DC 429

crassifolia, Pursh 429

longifolia, DC 429

Mississippiensis, Bosc 429

occidentals, L 429

pumila, Pursh 429

Centaurea, L 272

benedicta, L 272

cyanus, L 272,556

nigra, L 272, 556

Centaurella autumnalis, Pursh 327

Centunculus, L 315

lanceolatus, MX 315

minimus, L.. 315

Cephalanthus, L 199

occidentals, L 199,540

Cerastium, L 77

alpinum, L 78, 498

var. Behringianum, Regel / 78
\498

wr.Fischerianum,T.& G.78, 498
var. glabratum, Hook.. . 78, 498

var. latifolium, Smith 78

alpinum, Hook 78

arvense, L 77

arvense, Pursh 77

PAGE.

Behringianum,Cha,TLn.& Schlecht 78

brocteatum, Raf 77

elongatum, Pursh 77

Mscherianum, Ser 78

glomeratum, Thuill 77

nutans, Raf 77

oblongifolium, Torr 77

Pennsylvanicum, Hornem 77

pilosum, Ledeb 78

pubes(xns, Goldie 77

rigidum, Ledeb 78

stellarioides, Moc 78

tenuifolium, Pursh 77

trigynum, Vill 78, 498

triviale, Link 77

viscosum, L 77

viscosum, L 77

vulgatum, L 77, 498

vulgatum, L 77

var. Behringianum, Fenzl.. 78
var. grandiflorum, Fenzl . . 78
var. macrocarpum, Fenzl . . 78

Cerasus borealis, MX 125

demissa, Nutt 125

depressa, Seringe 1 24

emarginata, Dougl 125

hiemalis, Seringe 124

mollis, Dougl 125

nigra, Loisel 124

Pennsylvania, Seringe 1 25

pumila, MX 124

serotina, Hook 125

serotina, Loisel 126

Virginiana, MX 126

Virginiana, Loisel 125

CERATOPHYLLE.E (c) 459

Ceratophyllum, L 459

demersum, L 459

Chamactis, DC 249

Douglasii, Hook. & Arn 249

Chserophyllum, L .' 182

Canadense, Cranz 182

Claytonii, Pers 183

procumbens, Crantz 182

Chamascyparis sphseroidea, Spach . . . 461
Nutkaensis, Spach 461

Chamserhodos, Bunge 135

erecta, Bunge 135, 516

Cheiranthus, R. Br 48

asper, Cham. & Schlecht 48

capitatus, Dougl 48

fiesperidoides, T. & G 58

Pallasii, Pursh 48

pygmseus, DC 48

Chelidonium, L 34

majus, L 34

Chelone,L 354

glabra 354

glabra, var. alba, Pursh 354

nemorosa, Dougl 354

ramosa, Dougl 354

INDEX.

587

PAGE.

CHBNOPODIACK^E (LXXXII) 398

Chenopodina calceoliforme, Hook. . .404

maritima, Gr 404

prostrata, Bourgeau 404

Chenopodium, L 398

album, L 398

var. leptophyllum, Moq . . 398

ambrosioides, L 399

var. anthelminticum, Gr..399

• anthelminticum, MX 399

Bonus-Henricus, L 400

Botrys, L 399

capitatum, Benth. & Hook. . . .400

glaucum, L 399

humile, Hook 400

hybridum, L 398

leptophyllum, Nutt 398

var. subglabrum, Wat 398

maritimum, Pursh 404

rubrum, L 400

var. humile, Moq 400

rubrum, Hook 401

urbicum, L 399

urbicum, Hook 398

var. rhombifolium, Moq . , . . 399
zostersefolium, Kook 402

Chimaphila, Pursh 306

corymbosa, Pursh 306

maculate, Pursh 306

Menziesii, Spreng 306

umbellata, Nutt 306

Chiogenes, Salisb 294

hispidula, T. & G 294, 561

Chrysanthemum, L 252

arcticum, L 253

Balsamitse, L 253

bipinnatum, L 253

grandiflorum, Hook 254

integrifolium, Eich 252, 552

T-eucanthemum, L 252

Parthenium, Pers 253, 552

segetum, L 253

Chrysocoma nauseosa, Pursh 210

Chrysosplenium, Tourn 158

alternifolium, L 159

Americanum, Schwein 158

oppositifolium, Walter 158

Chrysopsis, Nutt t . . 209

canescens, DC 230

hirsuta, Gray 209

hirtella, DC 230

hispida, T. & G 209

villosa Nutt 209

var. hispida, Gr 209

Cichorium, Tourn 272

Intybus, L 272

Cicuta, Koch 181

bulbifera, L 182

maculata, L 181

virosa, L 182

25

PAGE.

Cimicifuga, L 27

elata, Nutt 27

racemosa, Nutt 27, 483

Cineraria integrifolia ft. minor,

Pursh 266

Circsea. Tourn 174

alpina, L 174

alpina, Hook 175

Lutetiana, L 175

Lutetiana, var. Canadensis, L. . . 175
Pacifica, Aschers 175, 531

Cirsium acaule, var. Americanum,

Gr 270

arvense, Scop 271

discolor, Spreng 270

Drummondii, T. & G 270

Joliosum, DC 271

Hookerianum, Nutt 269

Kamtschaticum, Ledeb 271

lanceolalum, Scop . 269

muticum, MX 270

Pitcheri, T. & G 269

pumilum., Spreng 269

undulatum, Spreng 269

hederacea, Pers 97

(xn) 60

Cladothamnus, Bong 303

pyrolseflorus, Bong 303

Clarkia, Pursh 174

pulchella, Pursh 174

Claytonia, L . . 82

alsinoides, Sims 82

aquatica, Nutt 83

arctica, var. megarrhiza, Wat . . . 500

asarifolia, Bong 82

Caroliniana, MX 82,500

var. sessilifolia, Torrey.. / 82
1500

Chamissonis, Esch 83

dichotoma, Nutt 83

exigua, T. & G 83

filicaulis, Dougl 82

.flagettaris, Bong 83

gypsophiloides, Fisch. & Mey ... 83

lanceolata, Pursh 82

linearis, Dougl 82

megarrhiza, Parry 500

parviftora, Dougl "... 83

parv'ifolia, Moc 82, 499

perfoliata, Donn 83

var. parviflora, Torr 83

var. spathulata, Torr 83

sarmentosa, C. A. Meyer. . . 83, 500

Sibirica, L 82

spathulsefolia, Salisb 82

spathulata, Dougl 83

tenuifolia, T. & G 83

Virginica, L 82

Virginica, var. spathulsefolia,

DC 82

Unalaschkensis, Fisch 82

588

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.
Clematis, L 11

cordata, Pursh 11

Douglasii, Hook 11

ligusticifolia, Nutt 11, 477

var. brevifolia, Nutt 477

verticillaris, DC 11, 477

var. Columbiana, Gray .... 477

Virginiana, L 11

Virginiana, Hook 11

Cleome, L 59

aurea, Nutt 59

dodecandra, MX 59

integrifolia, T. & G 59

lutea, Hook 59

serrulata, Pursh 59

Cnicus, Vaill 269

altissimus, Willd-, var. disco-
lor, Gr 270

arvensis, Pursh 271

benedictus, L 272

Drummondii, Gr 270

var. acaulescens, Gr 270

edulis, Gr 271, 556

eriocephalus, Gr 556

foliosus, Gr 271, 555

Hookerianus, Gr 271, 556

Kamtschaticus, Maxim 271

lanceclatus, Hoffm 269

muticus, Pursh 270

Pitcheri, Torr 269, 555

pumilus, Torr 269, 555

undulatus, Gr 269

Cnidium Canadense, Spreng 184

Cochlearia, Tourn 53

Anglica, L 53,489

aquatica, Eaton 39

Danica, L 53

fenestrata, R. Br 53

Groenlandica, L 53

humifusa, MX 58

oblongifolia, DC 53

officinalis, L 53, 489

siliquosa, Sch 53

spathulata, Sch 52

tridactylites, Banks 53, 489

Coinogyne carnosa, Less 248

Collinsia, Nutt 353

grandiflora, Dougl 353

var. pusilla, Gr 353

parviflora, Dougl 353, 570

pauriflora, Lindl 353

Collinsonia, L 380

Canadensis, L 380

Collomia, Nutt 329

gracilis, Dougl 329

heterophylla, Hook 329

linearis, Nutt 329

Comandra, Nutt 423

livida, Rich 423

pallida, A.DC 423

umbellata, Nutt 423

PAGE.

Comarum palustre, L 140

COMPOSITE (LII) 206

Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait 435

CONIFERS (ci) 459

Conioselinum Canadense, T. & G 184

Fischeri, Bong 185

Conium, L 179

maculatum, L 179, 533

Conopholis, Wallr 373

Americana, Wallr 373

CONVOLVULACE^; (LXVIIl) 344

Convolvulus, L 345

arvensis, L 346

panduratus, MX 345

sepium, L 345,569

var. Americanus, L 345

var. maritima, Choisy 346

var. repens, Gr 346, 569

Soldanella, L 345,569

spithamseus, L 345

stans, MX 345

Coptis, Salisb 23

asplenifolia, Salisb 24

trifolia, Salisb 23

Corema, Don 459

Conradii, Torr 459

Coreopsis, L 246

discoidea, T. & G 246

lanceolata, L 246, 551

palmata, Nutt 551

tinctoria, Nutt 246

trichosperma, MX 246, 550

var. tenuiloba, Gr 550

tripterus, L 246,551

verticillata, L 246, 551

Corispermum, L .403

hyssopifolium, L 403

CORNACE^ (XLVIl) 190

Cornus, Tourn 190

alba, Lam 191

var. /?., Hook 191

alternifolia, L 191, 538

asperifolia, MX . .191

Canadensis, L 190, 538

circinata. L'Her 190

florida, L 190

florida, Hook 190

lanuginosa, MX 191

, Nuttallii, Aud 190, 538

paniculata, L'Her 191

pubescens, Nutt 191, 538

sanguined, Marsh 191

sericea, L 191

sericea, var. (?) occidentalis,

T. & G 191

stolonifera, MX 191

Suecica, L 190, 538

tomentulosa, MX 190

Unalaskensis, Ledeb 190

Coronopus didymus, Pursh 58

INDEX.

PAGE.

Corydalis, Vent 36

aurea, Willd 36

var. occidentalis, Gr 36

Canadensis, Goldie . 35

Oucuttaria, Pursh 35

flavula, DC 37,485

formosa, Pursh 35

fungosa, Pursh 35

glauca, Pursh 36

pauciflora, Pers 37

sempervirens, Rich 36

Scouleri, Hook 37

Corylus, L 439

Americana, Walt 440

avellana (Holmes Cat ) 439

rostrata, Ait 439

Cotula, L 552

coronopifolia, L , 552

CRASSULACB.E (xxxiv) 164

Cratsegus, L 146

coccinea, L 147

coccinea, var. mollis, T. & G 147

cordata, Hook 147

Crus-galli, L 147

Douglasii, Lindl 148, 522

flava, Hook 147

glandulosa, Willd 147

glandulosa, Pursh 148

oxyacantha, L 146

punctata, Jacq - 147

var. brevispina, Dougl 148

pyrifolia, Ait 147

rivuiaris, Nutt 148, 522

sanguinea, var. Douglasii, T.

& G 148

subvillosa, Schrad 147

tomentosa, L 147, 522

var. punctata, Gr 147, 522

var. pyrifolia, Gr 147

vat . mollis, Gr 147

Crepis, L ..273

acuminata, Nutt 557

acuminata, var. gracilis, Torr . . 274

biennis, L., var. p. Hook 274

elegans,*Hook 274

glauca, T. &G 274

intermedia, Gr 274

nana, Rich 274, 557

occidentalis, Nutt 273, 556

var. crinita, Gr 274, 556

var. glandulosa, Torr 556

var. Nevadensis, Kellog- . .273

runcinata, T. & G 274, 557

yirens, L 274

Ctinitaria viscidiflora, Hook 211

Cristaria coccinea, Pursh 87

Crocidium, Hook 262

multicaule, Hook 262

GRUCIFBR.& (x) 37

Cryptotsenia, DC 182

Canadensis, DC 182

PAGE.

Cucubalus Behen, L 67

stellatus, L v 67

CUCURBITACE.S; (XLII) 176

Nutkaensis, Hook 461

thyoides, Hook 463

thyoides, L 461

CUPULIFER.E (xcvn) 435

Cuscuta, L 346

arvensis, Beyrich 346

compacta, Juss 347

epilinum, Weihe 347

Gronovii, Willd 347

ealina, Englm 347, 570

tenuiflora, Englm 347

trifolii, Bab 347

umbrosa, Beyrich 347

Cyamus pentapetalus. Pursh 31

Cyclachsena xanthiifolia, Fres 240

Cycloloma, Moq 405

platyphyllum, Moq 405

Cymopterus, Raf 186

albiflorus, T. & G 186

fceniculaceus, T. & G 186

glomeratus, Raf 186, 536

terebinthinus, T. & G 186

thapsoides, T. & G 186

Cynapium apiifolium, Nutt 535

Cynoglossurn, L 334

amplexicavle, MX 335

ciliatum, Dougl 335

glomeratum, Pursh 337

grande, Dougl 335

Morisoni, DC 336

occidentale, Gr. 567

officinale, L 334

penicillatum, Hook. & Arn. ... 334

Virginicum, L 335,567

Cynthia Virginica, Don 273

Cytisus rhombifolius, Nutt 101

scoparius, DC 104

Dalibarda fragarioides, MX 134

repens, L 129

violsscides, MX 129

Daphne, L 420

Mezereum, L 420

Dasystoma pedicularia, Benth ^363

pubescens, Benth 363

quercifolia, Benth 363

Datura, L 351

Stramonium, L 351

Tatula, L 351

Daucus, Tourn 188

Carota, L 188,537

microphyllus, Presl 188

pusillus, MX., var. microphyl-

lus.T. &G 188,537

Decodon verticiUatum, Ell 176

Delphinium, Tourn 25

azureum, MX 26,482

590

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

Consolida, L 25,482

decorum, Fisch. & Meyer 26

datum, L. var. occidental, Wat. . 25

exaltatum, Hook 25

Menziesii, DC 25, 482

pauciflorum, Nutt 25

scopulorum, Gr 25

virescens, Nutt 26

variegatum, T. & G 26, 482

Dentaria, L 39

diphylla, MX 39

heterophylla 39

laciniata, Muhl 39

maxima, Nutt 39

tenella, Pursh 39

tenuifolia, Hook 39

Desmodium, DC 118

acuminatum, DC 118

bracteosum, DC 118

Canadense, DC ,119

canescens, DC 118

ciliare, DC 119

cuspidatum, Hook 118

Dillenii, Darling 118

Marilandicum 119

nudiflorum, DC 118

paniculatum, DC 119

pauciflorum, DC 118

rotundifolium, DC 118

Dianthera, L 377

Americana, L 377

Dianthus, L 70

alpinus, L.,tw. repens, Regel. . 70

Armeria, L 70

repens, Willd 70

DlAPENSIACEjE (LVIIl) 308

Diapensia, L 308

Lapponica, L 308, 564

Dicentra, Bork 35

Canadensis, DC . . 35

cucullaria, DC 35

ex'tmia, Hook 36

eximia, Hook., var. ft 35

formosa, DC 36,485

saccata, Nutt 36

Diervilla, Tourn 198

Canadensis, Willd 198

humilis, Pers 198

lutea, Pursh. 198

Tournefortii, MX 198

trifida, Moench 198, 540

Dieteria canescens, Nutt 218

Digitalis, L 360

purpurea, L 360

Diotis lanata, Pursh 403

Diplopappus albus, Hook 228

var. lutescens, Hook , 228

amygdalinus, Hook 229

canescens, Hook 231

filifolius, Hook 230

grandiflorus. Hook , , . . 231

hispidus, Hook <,.....209

linariifolius, Hook 229

lutescens, DC 228

pinnatifidus, Hook 209

umbellatuK, Hook 229

villosus, Hook 209

Diplotaxis, DC 488

muralis, DC 488

tenuifolia, DC 488

LI) 205

Dipsacus, L 205

sylvestris, Mill 205

Dirca, L 420

palustris, L 420

Dodecatheon, L 312

dentatum, Hook 312

friffidum, Cham. & Schlecht. . .312

integrifolium, MX 312

Meadia, L 312,565

var. frigidum, Gr 312,565

var. lancifolium, Gr 312

var. latilobum, Gr 312

var. macrocarpum, Gr 312

Donia glutinosa, Hook 209

lanceolata, Hook 210

squarrosa, Pursh 208

wniflora, Hook 210

Douglasia, Lindl 311

arctica, Hook 312

nivalis, Lindl 311

Draha, L 49

algida, Adams 49

,, L 49,488

var. algida, Regel 49

var. corymbo-a, Durand . . 50
var. glacialis, Dickie. • .50, 488

var. hebecarpa, Lindl 49

var. micropetala, Durand... 50

alpina, var. /?., Hook 49

alpina, var. 6., Hook 50

androsacea, Wahl 51, 488

arabisans, MX 52, 489

aurea, Vahl 52, 489

borealis, DC • 51

Canadends, Brunet. . . .' 52

Caroliniana, Walt 52

confusa, Ehrh 51

corymbosa, R.Br. 50

crassifolia, Gr 51, 489

densiflora, Nutt. 50

glabella, Pursh 52

glabella, Rich 51

glacialis, Adams 50

hirta, L 51

hirta, vars. 3 and 4, Hook 51

hispidula, MX 52

hyperborea, Desv 52

var. siliquosa, Gr 53

incana, L 51,489

var. borealis, T. & G 51

var. confusa, Poir 51, 489

INDEX.

591

PAGE.

Isevigata, Cham. & Schlecht. ... 55

Ifevipes, DC « . 50

Lapponica, Willd 51

lutea, Gilib 52

var. longipes, Hook 52

micropetala, Hook 50

muralis, Hook 52

muricella, Wahl 50

nemuralis, Ehrh 52

nemorosa, L., var. a.,leiocarpa,

Lindl. 52

var. ft., hebecarpa, Lindl.. f 52
\489

var. lutea, Wat 489

oblongata,R. Br 51

oligosperma, Hook 50

pauriflora, R.Br 49

rupestris, R. Br 51, 488

stellata, Jacq 50

var. hebecarpa, DC 50

var. Johannis, Regel. . .50, 488

var. nivalis, Regel 50, 488

stellata, Jacq 50

stenoloba, Ledeb 489

Unalaschkiana, DC 51

verna, L. . 53

Dracocephalum, L 387

parviflorum, Nutt 387

V^rginianum, Willd 389

variegatum, Vent 389

Drosera, L 165

Anglica, Huds 165, 529

intermedia, Drev. & Hayne,

var. Americana, DC. . .166, 529

linearis, Goldie 166

longifolia, MX 166

rotundifolia, L 165

DROSEKACR-E (xxxv) 165

Dryas,L 132

Drummondii, Hook 132, 515

integri folia, Vahl 132

octopetala, L 132, 515

var. integrifolia, Chain. &

Schlecht 132,515

tenella, Pursh 132

Dysodia, Cav 251

chrysanthemoides, Lag 251

Echinacea, Moench 243

angustifolia, DC 243, 549

purpurea, Moench 243

Echinocystis, T. & G 177

lobata, T. & G , . . . 177, 532

Echinopanax horridus, Decaisne 189

Echinospermum, Swartz 335

brachycentrum, Ledeb., var.

brachystylum, Gr 568

deflexum, Lehin 335,567

diffusum, Lehm 567

floribundum, Lehm 335, 567

PAGE.

Lappula, Lehm 336, 568

patulum, Lehm 336

Redowskii, Lehm., var. cupu-

latum,Gr 336

var. occidental^ Wat. .336, 568

Virginicum, Lehm 336, 568

Echium, L 344

Menziesii, Lehm 338

vulgare, L. . 344

Edosmia Oairdneri, Nutt 180

EL^EAGNACE^; (LXXXIX) 420

Elseagnus, L 420

argentea, Pursh 420

Elaterium trifoliatum, L 1 76

ELATINELE (xvm) 84

Elatine, L 84

Americana, Arn 84

Ellisia, L 332

Nyctelea, L 332

Elodes, Adns. 86

campanulata, Pursh 86

Virginica, Nutt 86

EMPETRACE.E (xcix) 458

Empetrum, L 458

nigrum, L 458

Endolepis Suckleyana, Torr 402

Epigsea, L 297

repens, L 297

Epilobium, L 168

affine, Bong 171,530

alpinum, L 169, 530

var. nutans, Lehm 169

alpinum, var. majus, Wahl .... 169

angustifolium, L 168

var. canescens, Wood. .168, 530

coloratura, Muhl 1 70, 530

latifolium, L 169

luteum, Pursh. 169, 530

minutum, Lindl 170, 530

mplle, Torr 171, 530

origanifolium, Lam 169

oliganthum, MX 170

palustre,L 170

var. lineare, Gr 170

palustre, Gr 170

var. albescens, Rich 1 70

var. albiflorum, Hook 170

paniculatum, Nutt 170, 530

pubescens, Rothr 171

roseum, Schreb 171

rosmarinifolium, Pursh 170

tenellum, Raf 170

tetragonum, L 169

tetragonum, Pursh 170

Epimedium hexandrum, Hook 30

Epiphegus, Nutt 374

Americana, Nutt 374

Virginiana, Bart 374

Erechtites, Raf 262

hieracifolia, Raf 262

hieracifolia, Raf 268

592

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

ERICACEAE (LVI) 294

Erigenia, Nutt 180

bulbosa, Nutt 180

Erigeron, L 229

acris,L 234,547

var. debilis, Gray 548

var. Droebachensis, Blytt / 235
1547

alpinus, L 234, 547

var. y. elata, Hook 234

alpinus, Pursh 231

annuus, Pers 234

armerisefolius, Turz 235

asperum, DC 232

Bellidiastrum, Nutt 234

bellidifolius, Muhl 233, 547

csespito$us, Nutt 231

Canadensis, L * 235

canescens, T. & G 231

compositus, Pursh 230, 547

var. discoideus, Gr 230

var. glabratus, Macoun... f 231
1547

var. trifidus, Gr 231

concinnus, T. & G 231

corymbosus, Nutt 231, 547

eriocephalus, J. Vahl 547

filifolius, Nutt 230

flagellaris, Gr 548

florifer, Hook 218

'glabellus, Nutt 232

var. asperus, T. & G 232

var. mollis, Gr 233

var. pubescens, Hook 232

glabellus, var. mucronatus, Hook.232

glabratus, Hook 235

var. minor, Hook 235

grandiflorus, Hook 232

heterophyllum, Muhl 234

hirsutus, Pursh 231

hyssopifolius, MX 229

KamtscJiaticus, DC 235

lanatus, Hook 232, 547

lonchophyllus, Hook 235

macranthus, Nutt 232

nervosum, Pursh 234

peucephyllus, Gr 230

Philadelphicus, L 233

poliospermus, Gr 548

pulchellus, a, Hook 232

pulcMlus, MX 233

pumilus, Nutt 231

purpureus, Hook 233

radicatus, Hook 230

salsuginosus, Gr 233, 547

var. Unalaschensis, Less . . 233

speciosus, DC 232

strigosus, Muhl 234

strigosus,\a,T.hispidissimus,}:look 231

trifidus, Hook 231

uniflorus,L 231,547

PAGE.

Eriogonum, MX 406

androsaceum, Benth 406

csespitosum. Hook 406

crassifolium, Hook 406

flavum, Nutt 406

heracleoides, Nutt 406

raulticeps, Nees 407

ovalifolium, Nutt 407

sericeum, Pursh 406

umbellatum, Torrey 406

Eriogynia pectinata, Hook 127

Eriophy llum, Lag 249

csespitosum, Dougl 249

var. integrifolium, Gr 551

var. leucophyllum, Gr 249

Eritrichium, Schrad 336

aretioides, DC 336

Californicurn, DC 337

Chamissonis, DC 336

Chorisianum, DC 337, 568

circumscissum, Gr 568

crassisepalum, T. & G 337

fulvum, A.DC 337,568

fulvum, Wat 337

glomeratum, DC 337

var. humile, Gr 338

leiocarpum, Wat 337

leucophseum, A.DC 338

nanum, Schrad., var. aretioides,

Herder 336

var. Chamissonis, Herder. 336

plebeium, A.DC 337

Scouleri, A.DC 568

tenellum, Gr 337,568

Torreyi, Gr 568

Erodium, L'Her 91

cicutarium, L'Her 91 , 502

mpschatum, Willd 91

Erophila vulgaris, DC 53

Ervum hirsutum, L 120

multiflorum, Pursh 114

tetraspermum, L 120

Erysimum, L 45

asperum, DC 45

aspervm var. incon^icuum, Wat 45

cheiranthoides, L 45, 487

grandiflorum, Nutt 48

lanceolatum, Hook 45

offidnale, L 46

orientale, R. Br 45

parviflorum, Nutt 45,487

Euony mous, Tourn 95

Americanus, L., var. obovatus,

T. &G 95

atropurpureus, Jacq 95

Eupatorium, L 206

ageratoides, L 206

amcenum, Pursh 206

falcatum, MX 206

grandiflorum, Hook 207

maculatum, Hook 206

INDEX.

593

PAGE.

perfoliatum, L « . . .206

punctatum, Wilid 206

purpureum, L, 206, 541

var. maculatum, Darl 541

rotundifolium, L 207

scandens,L 207

urticssfolium, Reich 206

Euphorbia, L 424

commutata, Engelm 426

corollata, L 425

Cyparissias, L 426

glyptosperma, Eugelm 425

Helipscopia, L 426

herniarioides, Nutt 424

hypericifolia, L 427

hyperidfolia, L 425

maculata, L 425

obtusata, Pursh 426

Peplus, L 426

platyphylla, L 425

polygonifolia, L ; 424

polygonifulia, Hook 425

serpens, HBK 424

serpyllifolia, Pers 424

thymifolia, Willd 425

EUPHORBIACEJE (xCIl) 424

Euphrasia, L . . .' 367

latifolia, Pursh 367

officinalis, L 367

rar. Tartarica, Benth 367

officinalis, var. ft., Hook , . 367

Eurotia, Adans 403

ceratoides, Hook 403

lanata, Moq 403

Eurybia corymbosa, Cass 219

macrophylla, Hook 219

Eutoca Franklinii, R. Br 333

Menziesii, Benth 333

sericea, Lehm 333

Eutrema, R. Br 55

aremcola, Rich 49

Edwardsii, R. Br 55, 490

Fagopyrum, Gsertn 414

esculentum, Moench 414

Fagus, L 444

ferruginea, Aiton 444

sylvatica, Walter 444

sylvestris, MX 444

Fatsia, Benth & Hook 189

horrida, Benth. & Hook / 189

1 537

Fedia, Moench 205

olitoria, Vahl 205

Ferula, L 188

Canadensis, L 184

dissecta, Gr 188

dissoluta, Wat 188, 537

fceniculacea, Nutt 187

multifida,Gr 188

PAGE.

Palmella, Hook 186

villosa, Walt 186

FlCOIDEjE (XLIV) 178

Flcerkea, Willd 91

proserpinacoides, Willd 91, 502

uliginosa, Muhl 91

Fragaria, Tourn 135

Canadensis, MX 135

Chilensis, Duchesne 135,516

var. Scouleri, Hook 135

Chilensis, vars. /3. & y., T. & G." , 135

vesca, L 135

Virginiana, Duchesne 135

Franseria, Cav 241

bipinnatifida, Nutt 241, 549

Chamissonis, Less 241

Hookeriana, Nutt 241

Frasera, Walt 326

Caroiinensis, Walt 326

Walteri, MX 326

Fraxinus, L 1 316

acuminata, Lam 316

Americana, L 316

Americana, Hook..... 316

Caroliniana, Pursh 316

epiptera, MX 316

juglandi 'folia, Willd 316

Oregana, Nutt 317

pubescens, Lam 316

pubescens, Willd 317

quadrangulata, MX 317

sambucifolia, Lam 317

viridis, MX 316

Fremontia vermicularis 405

Fumaria, L 37

Cucullaria, MX 35

officinalis, L 37

parviflcra, L 485

recta, MX 35

sempervirens, MX 36

FUMAEIACE^: (ix) 35

Gaillardia, Fourgeroux 250

acaulis, Pursh 250

aristata, Pursh 250

bicolor, Lam 250

Galatella gramirdfulia, Hook ........ 229

nemoralis, Nees 227

Galega Virginia'aa 507

Galeopsis, L 390

Ladanum, L 390

Tetrahit, L 390

Galium, L , 200

Aparine, L 200

var. Vaillantii, Koch 202

asprellum, MX 201, 540

Bermvdianum, Muhl 203

boreale, L 203

brachialum, Pursh 202

circsezans, MX 202

594

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

drcsezans, /3. lanceolatum, T. & G..202
var. montanum, T, & G . . . . 203

Claytoni, Hook 201

Kamtschaticum, Steller. . .203, 540

lanceolatum, Torr 202

Mollugo, L 201

obtusum, Bigel 201

pilosum, Ait 202

rubioides, L 203

septentrionale, Rich 203

strictum, Torr 201, 203

tincturium, L 201

tricorne, L 540

trifidum,L 201

var. bifolium, Macoun .... 202

var. latifolium, Torr 201

var. pusillum, Gr 201, 540

var. tinctorium, T. & G. . . . 201

triflorum, MX 202

verutn, L 203

Gaultheria, L 295

hispidula, Muhl 294

Myrsinites, Hook 295, 562

ovatifolia, Gr 295

procumbens, L 295

serpyllifolia, Pursh 294

Shallon, Pursh 295

Gaura, L 174

biennie, L 174, 531

coccinea, Nutt 174

glabra, Lehm 174

marginata, Lehm 1 74

Gaylussacia, HBK '. ... .289

dumosa, T. & G 289

resinosa.T. & G 289

Gentiana, L 321

acuta, MX 322

var. stricta, Hook 322

affinis, Griseb 324, 566

alba,Muiil 324

Aleutica, Cham. & Schlecht 322

Amarella, L., var. acuta, f 322
Hook, f.\ 566

var. stricta, Wat 322

var. tenuis, Gr 322

amartlloides, Pursh 323

Andrewsii, Griseb 324, 566

arctophila, Griseb 322

aurea, L.... 322

auriculata, Pall 321

caly cosa, Griseb 323

crinita, Frcel 321

delonsa, Fries 321

Douglasiana, Bong 323

Forwoodii, Gr 566

frigida, Htenke 323

glauca, Pall 323

humilis, Stev 323

linearis, Froel 325

var. lanceolata, Gr 325,566

nivalis, L 566

PAGE.

ochroleuca, Frcel 324

Oregana, Engelm 324

platypetala, Griseb 323

Pneumonanthe, Willd 325

propinqua, Rich 322, 566

prostrata, Heenke 323

puberula, MX 324, 566

quinqueflora, Lam 323, 566

saponaria, L . . . ^ 324

saponaria, var. linearis, Griseb . • 325

sceptrum, Griseb 323

serrata, Gunner . . . - . 321

tenella, Rottb 321

tenuis, Griseb 322

ventricosa, Griseb 321

GENTIANACE.E (LXIV) 320

GERANIACE.E (xxm) 90

Geranium, L 90

albiflorum, Hook 90

var. incisum, T. & G 90

Carolinianum, L 90

erianthum, DC 90

Fremonti, Torr 90, 502

Hookerianum, Walp 90, 502

incisum, Nutt 90, 502

maculatum, L 90

maculatum, var. /?., Hook 90

molle, L 91, 502

pratense, L 90

pusillum, L 91,502

Richardsoni, Fisch. & Mey. . / 90

1502

Robertianum, L 91

Gerardia, L 363

aspera, Dougl 363, 571

erecta, Walt 364

flava,L 363

frulicosa, Pursh 354

integrifolia, Gr 363

longifolia, Nutt 363

pedicularia, L 363

purpurea, L 363

var. paupercula, Gr 364

purpurea, Sims 364

quercifolia, Pursh 363

tenuifolia, Vahl 364, 571

var. asperula, Gr 571

Geum, L 133

album, Gmelin 133

calthifolium, Menzies 134

Canadense, Murr 133

eiliatum, Pursh 134

glaciale, Fisch 134

macrophyllum, Willd 133, 515

pubescens, Hook 134

radiatum, Pursh 134

rivale, L 133, 515

Rossii, Seringe 134

var. humile, T. & G 134

strictum, Ait 133

strictum, var. /?., Hook 133

INDEX.

PAGE.

triflorum, Pursh 134

vernum, T. & G 133

Virginianum, L 133, 515

Virginianum, Murr 133

Gilia, Ruiz & Pav 329

aggregata, Spreng 330

capitata, Dougl 330

inconspicua, Dougl 330

intertexta, Steud 330, 566

liniflora, Benth., var. pharnace-

oides, Gr 329

minima, Gr 330

minutiflora, Benth 330

pharnaceoides, Benth 329

pulchella, Dougl 330

squarrosa, Hook. & Arn 330

tenella, Benth 330

Gillenia, Moench 128

trifoliata, Moench 128, 514

Glaux, L 315

maritima, L 315

Glechoma hederacea, Willd 387

Gleditschia, L 124

triacanthos, L 124

Glycine Apios, L 122

monoica, L 123

Glycosma, Nutt 183

occidental, Nutt 183, 534

Glycyrrhiza, Tourn 109

glutinosa, Nutt 109

lepidota, Pursh 109

var. glutinosa, Wat 109

Gnaphalium, L 237

Americanum, Pursh 238

Chamissonis, DC 238

decurrens, Ives 237

decurrens, var. ft Hook 237

luteo-album, Hook 237

margaritaceum, Willd . . .237

microcephalum, Nutt 548

Norveaicum, Gunner. 238

palustre, Nutt 238

plantagineum, Willd 235

polycephalum, MX 238

purpureum, L 238, 548

Sprengelii, Hook. & Arn 237

supinum, Vill 238

sylvaticum, L 238

uliginosum, L 238

Godetia, Spach 173

aincena, Lilja 173,531

epilobioides, Wat 531

quadrivulnera, Spach 173

Gratiola, L 358

anagallidea, MX 359

aurea, Muhl .359

ebracteata, Benth , 358

officinalis, MX 359

Virginiana, L 358

Grindelia, Willd 208

integrifolia, DC 209, 542

26

PAGE.

squarrosa, Dunal 208

stricta, DC 209

Gutierrezia, Lagasca 208

Euthamiae, T. & G 208

Gymnandra, Pall 373

Gmelini, Cham. & Schl 378

rubra, Dougl 360

Stelleri, Cham. & Schl 378

Gymnocladus, Lam 123

Canadensis, Lam 123, 512

Halenia, Borckh 326

Brentoniana, Griseb 326

deflexa, Griseb 326

var. Brentoniana, Gr. 326

heterantha, Griseb 326

HALORAGEJE (xxxvn) .' 166

HAMAMELACEjE (xXXVl) 166

Hamameh's, L i(j6

Virginiana, L ] 66

Haplopappus, Cass 209

acaulis, Gr 210, 542

var. glabratus, Wat 210, 542

Brandigeii, Gr 542

lanceolatus, T. & G 210

var. Vaseyi, Parry 542

Lyallii, Gr 549

Nuttallii, T. & G 210

spinulosus, DC 209

uniflorus, T. & G 210

Hedeoma, Pers 334

hispida, Pursh 385

pulegioides, Pers 384

Hedyotis ccerulen, Hook 200

ccerulea, L., var. /? 200

ciliolata, Hook 199

longifolia, Hook ' 200

Hedysarum, Tourn 117

acuminatum, MX us

alpinum, Kich 117

var. Americanum, MX 117

boreale, Nutt 117, 510

var. albiflorum, Macoun.,510

boreale, Rich 117

bracteosum, MX 118

Canadense, L 119

canescens, L 118

canescens, Nutt 117, 511

dliare, Muhl 119

cuspidatum, Muhl 118

Mackenzii, Rich 117,511

Marilandicum, Willd 118

nvdiAorum, L 118

paniculatum, L 119

rotundifolium, MX 118

viridiflorum, Willd 118

Heleastrum album, DC 228

Helenium, L 249

autumnale, L 249,552

596

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Helianthemum, Tourn 60

Canadense, MX 60, 491

corymbosum, Pursh 60

ramuliflorum, MX 60

rosmarini 'folium, Pursh 60

Helianthus, L 243

annuus, L 243

atrorubens, Hook 244

decapetalus, L 245, 549-550

divaricatus, L 245

divaricatus, MX 245

doronicoides, Lam 246

/randoms, Hook 245

giganteus, L 244

lenticularis, Dougl 243

Maximilian!, Schrad 245, 550

microcephalus, T. & G 245

multiftorus, Hook 243

Nuttallii, T. & G 244,550

parviflorus, Bernh 245

petiolaris, Nutt 244, 550

pumilus, Nutt 245, 550

rigidus, Desf., var. /?., T.

& G 244

strumo^us, L 244

tracheliifolius, Holmes 245

tuberosus, L 245, 550

Heliopsis, Pens 242

Isevis, Pers 242

Isevi*, var. scabra, T. & G 242

scabra, Dunal 242, 549

Heliotropium, L 334

Curassavicum, L 334

Helmintha echioides, L 558

Helosdadium Califurnicum, Hook. ..534

Hepatica acutiloba, DC 14

triloba, Chaix 14

var. acuta, Pursh .. 14

Heracleum, L 187

lanatum, MX 187

Hesperis, L 49

matronalis, L 49

minima, T. & G 48

Pallasii,T. &G 48

pinnatifida, MX 58

pygmsea, Hook 48

Heterocodon, Nutt 289

rariflorum, Nutt 289

Heuchera, L 157

Americana, L 158

cortusa, MX 158

cylindrica, Dougl 158

var. alpina. Wat 526

glabdla, T. & G 158

glabra, Willd 157, 526

Hallii, Gr 158, 526

hispida, Pursh 158

longipetala, Moc 156

Menziefdi, Hook ... 155

micrantha, Dougl 157, 526

ovalifolia, Nutt 158

PAGE.

parvifolia, Nutt 158, 526

Eicfiardsonii, R. Br 158

yiscida, Pursh 158

Hibiscus, L 87

Moscheutos, L 87, 501

palustris, L 87

Trionum, L 87, 501

Hieracium, L 275

albiflorum, Hook 277, 557

arcticum, Free! 276

Aurantiacum, L 557

Canadense, MX 275

Canadense, var. angusti/olium,

T.&G 275

fasciculatum, Pursh 275

gracile, Hook 276, 557

var. detonsum, Gr. . . . 277, 557

Gronovii, L 276

Oronovii, /?., Hook 276

longipilum, Torr . . 276

macrophy/lum, Pursh 275

molle, Pursh 275

murorum, L 275, 557

paniculatum, L 276

Pilosella, L 275

prenantkoides, Hook 275

scabrum, MX 276

Scouleri, Hook 276, 557

sylvaticum, Schlecht 275

triste, Cham 276

triste,T. & G 276

umbellatum, L 275

Vancouverianum, Arvet-Touvet.277

venosum, L 276

venosum, L 274

virgatum, Pursh 275

vulgatum, Fries 275, 557

Hippophae argentea, Pursh 422

Canadensis, Willd 421

Hippuris, L 167

maritima, Hellenius 167, 529

montana, Ledeb 168, 529

vul^aris, L 167,529

Holosteum succulentum, L 74

Homalobus cssspitosux, T. & G 114

canrscens, T. & G 114

decumbens, Nutt 114

dispar, Nutt 114

multiftorus, T. & G ... 114

Honkenya oblongifolia, T. & G 73

peploides, Ehrh 73

Hosackia, Dougl 107

bicolor, Dougl 107

decumbens, Benth 107, 506

elata, Nutt 108

floribunda, Nutt 108

mollis, Nutt 108

parviflora, Benth 108

pilosa, Nutt 108

Purshiana, Benth 108

unifoliata, Hook 108

INDEX.

59?

PAGE.

Houstonia, L 199

angvMifolia, Pursh 200

cserulea, L 200

var. /?. minor, T. & G 200

Linnxi fi. minor, MX 200

purpurea, L.. var. ciliolata,

Gr 199

var. longifolia, Gr. ...200,540
tenuifolia, Nutt 200

Hudsonia, L 60

ericoides, L 60, 492

ericoides, Rich 60

tomentosa, Nutt 60

Humulus, L 429

Lupulus, L 429

Hutchinsia calyeina, Desv 56

Hydrastis, L 27

Canadensis, L 27, 483

Hydrocotyle, Tourn 178

ambigua, Pursh 180

Americana, L 178

composite, Pursh 18o

Hydropeltis purpurea, MX 31

HYDROPHYLLACRE (LXVI) 331

Hydrophyllum, L 331

appendiculatum, MX 332

Canadense, L 332

capitatum, Dougl 331

lineare, Pursh 333

Virginicum, L 331, 567

Hymenolobus divaricatus, Nutt 56

erectus, Nutt 56

Hymenopappus, L'Her 249

Douglasii, Hook 249

filifolius, Hook 249

tenuifolius, Eaton .... 249

Hyoscyamus, L 351

niger, L 351

Hyoseris amplexicaulis, MX 273

Virginica, L 273

HYPERICACE^E (xix) 84

Hypericum, L 84

anagalloides,Cham. &Schlecht. 85

ascyroides, Willd 84

Canadense, L 85

var. major, Gray 500

corymbosum, Muhl 85

ellipticum, Hook 85

Kalmianum, L 84

macrocarpum, MX 84

maculatum, MX 85

micranthum, Chois 85

mutilum, L 85'

parviflorum, Willd 85

perforatum, L 85

pyramidatum, Ait — 84, 500

quinquenervium, Walt . . . .' 85

Sarothra, MX 85

Scouleri, Hook 85, 500

Virginicum, L 86

PAGE.

Hypochseris, L 284

radicata, L 284

glabra 284

Hypopitys, Scop 307

lanuginosa, Nutt 307

Hyssopus, L 382

ofticinalis, L 382

nepetoides, Willd 386

scrophularisefolius, Willd 386

ILICINE.E (xxv) 93

Ilex, L 93

Canadensis, MX 94

glabra, Gr 503

glabra, Gr 94

Myrsinites, Pursh 95

opaca, Ait 94

verticillata, Gr 93

iLLECEBRACEjE (LXXX) 396, 499

Ilysanthes, Raf 359

gratioloides, Benth 359

Impatiens; L 92

biflora, Walt 92

fulva, Nutt 92, 502

nolitangere, MX 92

nolitangere, f3, MX 92

pallida, Nutt 92

Inula, L 239

Helenium, L 239

lonidium, Vent 61

concolor, Benth. & Hook. . .61, 492

Ipomoaa, L 344

pandurata, Meyer 345

purpurea, Lain 344

Isanthus, MX 379

cseruleus, MX 379

Isnardia alternifolia, DC 168

nitida, MX 168

palustris, L 168

Iva, L 240

axillaris, Pursh 240

xanthiifolia, Nutt 240

Jaumea, Pers 248

carnosa, Gr 248

Jeffersonia, Barton • 30

Bartonis, MX 30

diphylla, Pers 30, 483

JUG LANDED (xcv) 433

Juglans, L 434

cinerea, L. 434

nigra, L 434

Juglans alba, MX 433

amara, MX , 434

porcina, MX 433

var. obcordata, Pursh 433

var. pisiformis, Pursh 433

squamosa, MX 433

tomentosa, MX 433

598

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Juniperus, L. 461

Barbadensis, MX 462

communis, L 462

var. alpina, L 462

communis, var. nana, Hook 462

excelsa, Pursh « . 461

nana, Willd 462

occidentals, Hook 461

prostrata, Pers 463

Sabina, L. var. procumbens,

Pursh 463

Sabina, var. ft, humilis, Hook. . .463

Virginiana, L 462

Virginiana, L 461

Justicia peduncuJosa, MX 377

Kalmia, L .300

angustifolia, L 300

glauca, Ait 300

glauca, var. microphylla, Hook.300
glauca,\a,r. rosmarinifolia, Hook.300
latifolia, L 300

Kentrophyta montana, Nutt 114

vindis, Nutt 114

Koenigia, L 407

Islandica, L 407

Krigia, Schreb 273

amplexicaulis, Nutt 273

leptophylla, DC 273

Virginica, Willd 273

LABIATE (LXXVII) 379

Lactuca, L 280

Canadensis, L 280

dongata, Muhl 280

var. integrifolia, T. & G . . ..280

var. sanguinea, T. & G 280

Floridana, Gsertn 281

hirsuta, Muhl 280

integrifolia, Bigel 280

leucophasa, Gr 281, 559

longifolia, MX 280

pulchella, DC 281

saliva, L 281

Lamium, L 390

album, L 390

amplexicaule, L 390

purpureum, L -.. 390

Lampsana, Tourn 273

communis, L 273, 556

Laportea, Gaudich 431

Canadensis, Gaudich 431

Lappa major, Gaertn 268

offidnalis, All., var. major, Gr. . .268

Larbrcea uliginosa, Hook 75

Larix, Mill 475

Americana, MX 475

intermedia, Lodd 475

Lyallii, Parlatore 476

PAGE.

microcarpa, Desf 475

occidentalis, Nutt 475

pendula, Salisb 475

tenuifolta, Salisb 475

Laserpitium hirsutum, Hook & Arn.185

Lath yrus, L 121

Aphaca, L 512

decaphyllus, Hook 121

dissitifolius, Nutt 121

linearis, Nutt 121

maritimus, Bigel 121

myrtifolius, Muhl 122

ochroleucus, Hook 122

paluster, L 122

var. myrtifolius, Gr 122

pisiformis, Hook 121

pisiformis, Rich 122

pratensis, L 122

stipulaceus, LeConte 122

veuosus, Muhl 121

venosus, var. rf., T. & G 122

LAUKINEJE. (LXXXVII) 419

Laurus Benzoin, L 419

Pfeudo-Benzoin, MX 419

Sassafras, L 419

Layia, Hook & Arn 551

glandulosa. Hook & Arn 551

Lechea, L '. 60

major, MX 60, 492

minor, Walt 61

thymifolia, Pursh 61

villosa, Ell 60

Ledum, L 301

glandulosum, Nutt 301, 562

latifolium, Ait 301

palustre, L 301,562

var. dilatatum, Wahl 301

palustre, var. angustifoliium,

Hook 301

var. latifolium, Hook 301

LEGUMINOS^; (xxxi) 101

LENTIBULARIACE^E (LXXII) 374

Leontice thaliclroides, L 30

Leontodon, L 277

autumnalis, L 277

boreale. DC 277

hispidus. L 557

palustre, Smith 280

Taraxacum, Hook 279

Leonurus, L 390

Cardiaca, L 390

Lepachys columnaris, T. & G 243

var. pulcherrima,T. & G. . .243

Lepidium, L 56

Calif ornicum, T. & G 57

campestre, R. Br 57, 490

Draba, L 57

intermedium, Gr 57, 491

Menziesii, DC , 57, 491

Menziesii, var. /?., Hook 57

ruderale, L 57, 490

INDEX.

599

PAGE.

ruderale, Rich 57

sativum, L 56

Virginicum, L 57, 491

Lepigonum medium, Fries 80

rubrum, Fries 80

salinum, Fries 80

Leptarrhena, R. Br 160

pyrolifolia, R. Br 160, 527

Leptoieenia multiiida, Nutt 188

Lespedeza, MX 119

capitata, MX 120, 511

hirta, Ell 119

polystachya, MX 119

procumbens, MX 119

prortrata, Pursh 119

repens, Barton 119

reticulata, Pers 119,511

sessiliftora, MX 119

violacea, Pers 119

var. sessili flora, T. & G 119

Leucanthemum arcticum, DC 253

integrifolium, DC 252

Parthenium, Godron 253

vulgare, Lam 252

Leucothoe racemosa, Gr 298

Lewisia, Pursh 81

rediviva, Pursh 81

Liatris, Schreb 207

cylindracea, MX 207

macrostachya, MX 542

punctata, Hook '. . . 208

scariosa, Willd 208

spicata, Willd 207

spicata, Willd. ... . 542

squarrosa, Willd 542

var. intermedia, DC 542

squarrosa, Willd 2n7

squarrulosa, MX 208

Ligusticum, L 184

actseifolium, MX 184

apiifolium, Bentb. & Hook 535

barbinode, MX 181

Scoticum, L 184, 535

Ligustrum, L 317

vulgare, L 317

Limnanthemum, Gmelin 327

lacunosum, Griseb 327

Limnanthes, R.Br 502

Douglasii, R.Br. 502

Limosella, L 359

aquatica, L 359

var. tenuifolia, Hoffm 359

LINAGES (xxn) 89

Linaria, Juss 352

Canadensis, Dumont 352

Cymbalaria, Mill 353

Elatine, Mill 353

minor, Desf 353

vulgaris, Mill 352

Lindera, Thurb 419

Benzoin, Meisner 419

Lindernia pyxidaria, Pursh 359

PAGE.

Linneea, Gronov 195

boi ealis, Gronov 195

var. longiflora, Torrey. / 195
1539

Linosyris graveolens, var. /?., T.

& G 210

Howardii, Parry ... 210

viscidiflora, T. & G 211

Linum, Linn 89

Boottii, Planch 89

catharticum, L 501

Lemsii, Pursh 89

perenne, Linn 89

rigidum, Pursh 89

rigidum, T. & G 89

striatum, Walter 89, 501

sulcatum, Riddell 89

usitatissimum, L 89

Virginianum, L 89

Liriodendron, Linn 28

Tulipifera, L 28

lAthophragma glabra, Nutt 525

parviflora, Nutt 156

tenella, Nutt 525

Lithospermum, L 341

angustifolium, MX 342, 569

arvense, L . , 341

canescens, Lehm 342

circum.seissum, Hook. & Arn. . -568

corymbosum, Lehm 339

denticulatum, Lehm 339

Drummondii, Lehm 339

hirtum, Lehm 342

incixum, Lehm 342

latifolium, MX 341

tycopsoides, Lehm 338

Mandanense, Hock 342

marginatum, Lehm 339

maritimum, Lehm 338

officinale, Linn . 341, 569

paniculatum, Lehm 339

pilosum, Nutt 341, 569

plebeium, Cham. & Schlecht . . . 337

ruderale, Dougl 341

sericeum, Lehm 342

Littorella,L 394

lacustris, L 394, 575

LOASACE^E (XLl) 176

Lobelia, L 285

cardinalis, L 285

Claytoniana, MX 286

Dortmanna, L 285

inflata, L 286

Kalmii, L 286, 559

Nuttattii 286

puberula 286

spicata, Lam 286

var. hirtella, Gr 286

syphilitica, L 285

LOBELIACE-iE (LIIl) 285

Loiseleuria, Desv 298

procumbens, Desv 298, 562

600

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

Lonicera, L 196

cserulea, L 198

var. villosa, T. & G 198

ciliata, Muhl 197, 540

ciliosa, Poir 196

Douglasii, Hook 197

flaw, var. /?., T. & G 197

glauca, Hill 197,53!)

hirsuta, Eaton 196, 539

hispidula, Dougl 196, 539

var. Douglasii, Gr. 196, 539

hispidula, Doug., var. Douglasii,

Gr 539

involucrata, Banks 197

microphylla, Hook 196

oblpngifolia, Hook 198, 539

ocddentalis. Hook 196

parviflora, Lam 197

Sullivantii, Gr 197,539

Tartarica, L 198

Utahensis, Wat 540

Lophanthus, Benth 386

anisatus, Benth 386

nepetoides. Benth 386

scrophularitefolius, Benth 386

LORANTHACBjE (XC) 422

Lotus, L 107

corniculatus, Koch 107

sericeus, Pureh 108

Ludwigia, L 168

alternifolia. L 168

macrocarpa, MX 168

palustris, Ell 168

Luina, Benth 259

hypoleuca, Benth 259

I/upinasler macrocephalus, Pursh .... 104

Lupinus, Tourn 102

arbuslus, Dougl 103

arcticus, Wat 102, 505

argenteus, Agardh 102

argenteus, Pursh. var. argo-

phyllus, Wat.... 103, 505

aridus, Dougl 104

tricolor, Lindl 103

Kingii. Wat , 103

laxiflorus, Dougl 103

lepidus, Dougl 104, 505

leucophyllus, Dougl 102

leucopsis, Agardh 102

littoralis, Dougl 102

Lyallii, Gr 103

micranthus, Dougl., var. bi-

color. Wat 103

minimus, Dougl 103

Nootkatensie, Donn 103, 505

var. Unalaskensis, Wat. . .103

var. glaber, Hook 102, 103

ornatus, Dougl 102

perennis, L 102, 505

perennis, Rich. . 102

PAGE.

plumosus, Dougl 102

polyphyllus, Lindl 103, 505

pusillus, Pursh 104

Sabinii, Dougl 104

sericeus, Pursh 102

sulphurous, Dougl 104

versicolor, Lindl 102

Lychnis, Tourn 68

affinis, Vahl 70,495

alpina, L 69, 495

apetala, L 68, 495

var. glabra, Regel 69

apetala, L 69

apetela, Wat 495

dioica, L 69

diurna, L 69

Drummondii, Wat 69, 495

elata, Wat 69

Flos-cuculi, L 69

Githago, Lam 69

montana, Wat 495

vespertina, Smith 69

Lycium, L 350

vulgare, Dunal 350

Lycopersicum, Mill 348

esculentum, Mill 348

Lycopsis, L 343

arvensis, L 343

Lycopus, L 382

Europseus, var. sinuatus, Gr 382

lucidus, Turcz., var. Ameri-

canus, Gr 382

obtusifolius, Vahl 382

pumilus, Vahl 382

sinuatus, Ell 382

uniflorus, MX 382

Virginicus, L 382

Lygodesmia, Don 283

juncea, Don 283

minor, Hook 284

rostrata, Nutt 284

Lysimachia, L 314

capitata, Pursh 314

ciliata, L 313

lanceolata, Walt 313

longifolia, Gray 314

nummularia, L 314,565

punctata, L. (3, verticillata . . . 314

quadrifolia, L 314

racemosa, Lam 314

revoluta, Nutt 314

stricta, Ait 314

thyrsiflora, L 314

verticillata, Bieb 314

LYTHRACE.E (XL) 175, 531

Lythrum, L 175

alatum, Pursh 175,532

Salicaria, L 175, 532

iSalicaria, var. pubescens, Pursh . 1 75
verticillatum, L 176

INDEX.

601

PAGE.

Machseranihera canescens, Gr 218

tanacetifolia, Nees 218

Macrorhynchus glaucus, Eaton , 277

grandiflorus, T. & G 279

fieterophyllus, T. &G 279

latinialus, T. & G 278

troximoides, T. & G 278

Madaroglossa angustifolia, DC 551

Madia, Molina 248

dissitiflora, T. & G 248, 551

filipes,Gr 248

glomerata, Hook 248

var. gracilis, Macoun 248

Nuttalli, Gr 248, 551

sativa, Molina.wr. racemosa,Gr.551

Magnolia, L 28

acuminata, L 28

MAGNOLIACE^: (n) 28

Mains coronaria. Mill 145

Malva, L ' 86

borealis, Wallm 86

crispa, L 86,501

hedtracea, Dougl 88

moschata, L 86,501

Munroana, Dougl 87

obtuaa., T. & G 86

rivularis, Dougl 88

rotundifblia, L 86

sy Ivestris, L 86

MALVACE.E (xx) 86

Malvastrum, Gray 87

coccineum, Gr 87

Munroanum, Gr 87

Mamillaria, Haworth 177

vivipara, Haworth 177

Marrubium, L 389

vulgare, L 389

Maruta, Cass 252

Cotula, DC 252

Matricaria, L 253

discoidea, DC 254

inodora, L 253, 552

var. eliguiata, Seem 254

var. nana, Hook 254, 552

Meconella Oregana, Nutt 34

Medicago, L 107

denticulata, Willd 107

lupulina, L 107

maculata, Willd 107

sativa, L 107,506

Melampyrum, L 372

Americanum, MX 372

lineare, Lam 372

pratense,var.Americanum,T5enth 372
sylvaticum, Hook 372

Melandryuminvolucratum, var. affine,

Rohrb 70

MsLASTOMACEjE (XXXIX) 175, 531

Melilotus, Tourn 106

alba, Lam 106

leucantha, Koch 106

PAGE.

officinalis, Willd 107

officinalis, Pursh 106

Melissa, L 384

Clinopodium, Benth 384

officinalis, L 384

MENISPERMACB.E (iv) 29

Menispermum, Linn 29

Canadense, L 29

Mentha, L 380

aquatica, L 381

arvensis, L 381

borealis, MX 381

Canadensis, L 381

var. glabrata, Benth 381

piperita, L 381

sativa, L 381

viridis, L 380

Mentzelia, Plumier 176

albicaulis, Dougl 176

hevieaulis, T. & G 176, 532

ornata, T. & G , 176

Menyanthes, L 327

Crista-galli, Menzies 327

trifoliata, L 327

Menziesia, Smith 303

Aleutica, Spreng 299

csendea, Swtz 299

empetrijormis, Smith 299

empetriformis, Pursh 296

ferruginea, Smith 303, 563

glabel'K Gr 303, 563

glanduliflora, Hook 299

globuiaris, Hook 303

Grahamii, Hook 299

intermedia, Hook 299

Merckia physodes, Fisch 73

Mercurialis, L 427

annua, L 427

Mertensia, Roth 338

alpina, Gr 339

ciliata, Don 339

Drummondii, Don 339

lanceolata, DC 339

maritima, Don 338

oblongifolia, Don 339

paniculata, Don 339

pilosa, DC 339

Sibirica, Don 339

var. Drummondii, Gr 339

Virginica, DC 338

Mespilus arbutifolia, L 145

var. melanocarpa, MX 144

Canadensis, p. cordata, MX 148

var. obovalis, MX 149

var. oligocarpa, MX 149

var. rotundifolia, MX 148

Micromeria. Benth 383

Douglasii, Benth , 383

glabella, Benth 384

Micropetalon gramineum, Pers 74

lanceolatum, Pers 74.

602

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Microseris, Don 272

Bigelovii, Gr 272

nutans. Gr 273

Mikania, Willd 207

scandens, L 207

Mimulus, L 357

alsinoides, Benth 358

floribundus, Dougl 571

glabratus, HBK, var. Jamesii,

Gr. 570

guttatus, DC 358

Jamesii, T. & G 357,570

Lewisii, Pursh 357, 570

luteus, L 358,571

var. alpinus, Gr 358, 571

moschatus, Dougl 358, 571

nasutus, Greene 571

ringens, L 357

roseus, Lindl 357

Scouleri, Hook 358

Mitchella, L 200

repens, L 200

Mitella, Tourn 156

Breweri, Gr 526

caulescens, Nutt 157

cordifolia, Lam 157

diphylla, L 156

grandiflora, Pursh 155

nuda, L 157

twr. /3.,T. &G 157

pentandra, Hook 157, 526

prostrata, MX 157

reniformis, Lam 157

trifida, Graham 157, 526

Moehringia later (flora, Fenzl 73

Mollugo.L 178

verticillata, L 178, 533

Momordica echinata, Hook 177

Monarda, L. 385

allophylla 385

ciliata, MX 386

clinopodia, L 385

coccinea, MX 385

didyma, L 385

fistulosa, L 385

var. mollis, Benth 386

Ursula, Pursh 386

Kalmiana, Pursh 385

lutea, MX 386

oblongata, Ait 385

punctata, L 386

rugosa, Ait 885

Moneses, Salisb 306

grandiflora, Salisb 306

uniflora, Gr 306

Monolepis, Scrad 398

chenopodioides, Moq 398

Monotropa, L 307

Hypopitys, L 307

uniflora, L 307

MoNOTKOPE.a3 (LYII) 307

PAGE.

Montelia tamariscina, Gr 397

var. concatenate, Gr 397

Montia, L 84

fontana, L 84, 500

Morus, L 430

alba, L 430

rubra, L 430

rubra, var. Canadensis, Loudon.,430

Mvlgedium acuminatum, DC 281

Roridanum, DC 281

leucophseum, DC 281

pulchellum, Nutt 281

Musenium, Nutt 179

angustifolium.) T. & G 180

divaricatum, Nutt 179, 533

var. Hookeri, T. & G.. .180, 533

tenuifolium, Nutt 180

trachyspermum, Nutt 533

Myginda myrtifolia, Nutt '95

Myosotis, L 340

alpestris, Lehm 340

arvensis, Hoffm 340

casspitosa, var. laxa, DC 340

Californica, Fisch. & Meyer.. ..337
Chorisiana, Cham. & Schlecht.337

flac'Ma, Dougl 337

fulva, Hook 337

glomerata, Nutt 337

Lappula, Willd 336

laxa, Lehm 340

leitcophtea, Dougl 338

palustris, With 340

palustris, var. laxa, Gray 340

var. micrantha, Hook 340

stricta, Gr 341

sylvatica, Hoff., var. alpestris,

Koch 340,569

verna, Nutt 341

var. macrosperma,Chapm f 341
1569

versicolor, Lehm 341

versicolor, Pers 569

Virginiana, L 336

Myosurus, Dill 15

aristatus, Benth 15, 479

minimus, L 15, 479

Myrica, L = . .434

asplenifolia, Endl . . - 435

Californica, Cham 435

Caroliniensis, Miller 435

cerifera, L 435

var. /3, media, MX 435

Comptonia, DC 435

Gale.L 434

Pennsylvanica, Lam 435

MYEICACB^E (xcvi) 434

Myriophyllum, Vaill 166

heterophyllum, MX 167

spicatum, L 166,529

tenellum, Bigel 167

verticillatum, L 167

INDEX.

603

PAGE.

Myrrhis Claytoni, MX 183

occidentalis, Benth. & Hook 183

Nabalus alatus, Hook 283

albus, T.&G 282

yar. serpentaria, T. & G. . .282

altissimus, Hook 282

Boottii, DC 283

Fraseri, DC 282

norms, DC 282

racemosus, Hook 282

Nardosmia corymbosa, Hook 260

frigida, Hook 260

palmata, Hook 260

sagittata, Benth 260

Nasturtium, R. Br 37

amphibium, R. Br 38

Armoracia, Fries 39, 485

cernuum, Nutt 38

curvisiliqua, Nutt 38, 485

hispidum, DC 38

lacustre, Gr 39, 485

natans, Hook 39

var. Americanum, Gr 39

officinale, R. Br 37

palustre, DC 37,485

var. hispidum, Fisch. &

Meyer 38,485

polymorphism, Nutt 38

trachycarpum, Gr 38, 485

Navarretia intertexta, Benth 330

pungens, Benth 330

Nectris pinnata, Pursh 91

Negundo, Mcench 100

aceroides, Moench 100, 504

fraxinifolium, Nutt 100

Neillia, Don 127

opulifolia, Benth. & Hook 127

var. mollis, Brew. &/128

Wat \ 513

Nelumbiurn, Juss 31

luteum, Willd 31,484

Nemopanthes, Raf 94

Canadensis, DC 94

Nemophila, Nutt 332

parviflora, Dougl 332

pe.dunculata, Hook 332

Nepeta, L 387

Cataria, L 387

Glechoma, Benth 387

Nessea, Juss 176

verticillata, HBK 176

Neslia, L 491

paniculata, L 491

Nicandra, Adans 350

physaloides, Gsertn 350

Nicotiana, L 351

attenuata, Torr 352

rustica, L 351

27

PAGE.

Noisettia acuminata, DC. 61

Nuphar, Smith 32

advena, Ait 32, 484

advena + Kalmiana 32

var. (?) 32

Americana. Provancher 32

Kalmiana, Ait. 33

lutea, var. Kalmiana, T. & G. • . 33

luteum, Smith 32, 484

luteum, var. pumilum,Gr 33

po ly sepal um, Engel 32,484

pumilum, Smith 33

Nuttallia, T. & G 126

cerasiformis, T. & G 126

NYCTAGINACE.E (LXXIX) 395

NYMPH^ACE^E (vi) 31

Nymphsea, Tourn 31

advena, MX 32

alba, Walt 31

lutea, var. Kalmiana, T. & G. . . 33

minor, DC 32

odorata, Ait 31

var. minor, Sims 32, 484

odorata, var. rosea, Pursh 32

tuberosa, Paine 31

Nyssa, L 192

aquatica, L 192

biflora, MX 192

multiflora, Wang 192

villosa, MX 192

Obione arenaria, Matthew 402

argentea, Moq 402

canescens, Moq 402

CEnanthe 535

sarmentosa, Nutt 535

CEnothera, L 171

albicaulis, Nutt 172

amama, Lehm 173

biennis, L 171

var. grandiflora, Lindl 171

var. hirsutissima, Gr 171

var. muricata, Lindl 171

breviflora, T. & G 173

caespitosa, Nutt 173, 531

chrysantha, MX 172

contortd, Dougl 173

densiflora, Lindl 174

epilobioides, Nutt 531

fruticosa, L 172

glabella, Nutt 174

grandiflora, Ait 171

heterantha, Nutt 173

Hookeri,T.& G 171

hybrida, MX 172

leucocarpa, Lehm 172

Lindleyi, Dougl 173

marginata, Nutt 173

montana, Nutt 173

muricata, L 171

604

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

quadrivulnera, Dougl 1 73

pallida, L 172

parviflora, Pursh 171

parvula, Nutt 173

pusilla, MX 172

pumila, L 172

riparia, Hook 172

rubicunda, Hook. & Am .173

scapigera, Pursh 173

serrulata, Nutt, var- Dotiglasii,

T. &G 172

strigulosa, T. & G 173

triloba, Nutt 173

vinosa, Torr. & Gr 173

Oldenlandia ccerulea, Gr 200

OLEACE^E (LXI) 316

Omalanthus camphor atus, Less 254

ONAGRACE^E (xxxviu) 168

Onobrychis, Gsertn. . 511 "

sativa, Lam 511

Onopordon, Vaill , < 271

acanthiuna, L 271

Onosmodium, MX 342

Carolinianum, DC 342, 569

var. inolle, Gr 343

hi,<*pidum. MX 343

molle, MX 343

Virginianum, DC 343, 569

Oporinia autumnalis, Don 277

Opuntia, Jour 177

fragilis, 1 1 aw 532

Missouriensis, DC 177

Rafinesquii, Englm 177

Oreas involucrata, Cham 55

Oreophila myrtifolia, Nutt 95

Origanum, L 383

vulgare, L 383

Ornithopus, L 507

scorpioides, DC 507

OROBANCHACE.S (LXXI) 372

Orobanche Americana, L 373

biflora, Nutt 372

comosa, Hook 373

fafidculata, Nutt 373

glabra, Hook 374

Ludoviciana, Nutt 373

pinetorum, Geyer 373

tuberosa, Hook 374

uniflora, L 372

Virginiana, L 374

Orthocarpus, Nutt 366

attenuates, Gr 366

bracteosus, Benth 366

luteus, Nutt < 366

pusillns, Bentb 366

strictus, Benth 366

tennifolius, Benth 366

Osmorrhiza, Raf 183

brevistylis, DC 183

PAGE.

brevistylis, Bong 1 83, 534

divaricata, Nutt •-.- 183

longistylis, DC 183, 534

nuda, Torrey 183, 534

Ostrya, Scop 439

Virginica, Willd 439

Oxalis, L 92

Acetosella, L 92

Acetosella, Hook 92

corniculata, L 92, 503

var. stricta, Sav 92, 503

Dillenii, Jacq 92

Lyoni, Pursh 92

Oregana, Nutt 92

pilosa, Nutt 92

pumila, Nutt 92

stricta, L 92

Oxybaphus, Vahl 395

angustifolius, Sweet 395

hirsutus, Sweet 395

nyctagineus, Sweet 395

Oxycoccus, Pers 293

macrocarpus, Pursh 293

vulgaris, Pursh 293

Oxyria, Hill 414

digyna, Campdera 414

reniformifi, Hook 414

Oxytropis, DC 115

arctica, R.Br 509

arctica, R. Br 115

var. inflata, Hook 115

var. minor, Hook 509

arqentata, Pursh 116

borealis, DC 116, 510

camp stris, L 116

var. viscida, Wat 116, 510

var. cserulea, Koch 509

camprstris, UC 116, 509, 510

deflexa, DC 117,510

folioloxa, Hook 117

Hookeriana, Nutt 116

Lamberti, Pursh 116, 509

Lamberti. Pursh. 510

leucantha, Pers 509, 510

Mertensiana, Turcz 510

monticola ,. 509,510

nana, Nutt 116

nigrescens, Fisch . . 116, 509

var. arctpbia, Gray 509

oxyphylla, Rich 1 16

Flatttnsis, Nutt 116

podocarpa, Gr 115, 509

stricea, Nutt 116

splendens, Dougl 116,510

var. Richardsoni, Hook. ..116
Uralensis, DC., var. pumila,

Ledeb 115

Uralensis, DC., var. pum^la,

Ledob....< 509

viscida, Nutt 510

viscida, Nutt 116

INDEX.

605

PAGE.

Pachystima, Eaf 95

Myrsinites, Raf 95, 503

Paeonia, L 28

Brownii, Dougl 28

Calif ornica, Nutt 28

Panax horridum, Smith 189

quinquefolium, L 189

trifolium, L 189

Papaver, L 33

alpinum, L 34

nudicaule, L 34, 485

Rhseas, L 34,484

somniferum, L 33, 484

PAPAVERACE^E (vm) 33

Parietaria, L 432

Pennsylvanica, Muhl 432

Parnassia, Tourn 159

Caroliniana, MX 159, 527

fimbriata, Kcenig 160, 527

Kotzebuei, Cham. & Schlecht f 160
\527

palustris, L 159, 527

palustris, Pursh 159

parviflora, DC 159,527

Paronychia, Juss 81, 396, 499

sessiliflora, Nutt : ... 81, 396

PARONYCHIE^E (xvi) 81, 499

Parrya, R. Br 48

arctica, R. Br 49

arenicola, Hook 49

macrocarpa, R. Br 48

nudicaulis, Regel., var. aspera,

Regel 48

var. glabra, Regel 48

Pastinaca sativa, L 187

Palrinia ceratophylla, Hook 205

longifolia, McNab 205

Pectocarya, DC 334

penicillata, A.DC 334

Pedicularis, L 367

arctica, R. Br 370

bracteosa, Benth 369, 573

Canadensis. L 369,572

capitata, Adams 371

Chamissonis, Stev 368

contorta, Benth. ... 573

euphrasioides, Stephan. . .368, 572

flammea, L 370,573

Furbishise, Wat 369

gladiata, MX 369

Grcenlandica, Retz 368, 572

hirsuta, L 370, 573

Kanei, Durand 370

lanceolata, MX 369, 572

Langsdorffii, Fisch 370

var. lanata, Gr 370

Langsdorffii, Fisch 370

Lapponica, L 368, 572

Menziesii, Benth 367

Nelsonii, R. Br 371

pallida, Pursh 369

PAGE.

palustris, L 369

palustrie, L., var. Wlassoviana,

Bunge , ...369,572

pedicellate, Bunge 368

racemosa, Dougl 368. 572

recutita, Pursh 369

resupinata, Willd 369

subnuda, Benth 368

Sudetica, Willd 370

surrecta, Benth 368

versicolor, Wahl 371

verticillata, L 368

verticillata, Pursh 371

Wlassoviana, Stev 369

Pentalophus longiflorus, A.DC 342

Mandanensis, A.DC 342

Penthorum, Gronov 164

sedoides, L 164, 528

Pentstemon, Mitchell 354

acuminatus, Dougl 355, 570

albidus, Nutt 570

attenuatus, Hook 355

confertus, Dougl 355, 570

var. cseruleo-purpureus, ( 356

Gr. \570

cristatus, Nutt 355, 570

dasyphyllus, Gr 357

deustus, Dougl 357

diffusus, Dougl 357

erianthera, Pursh 355, 570

frutescens, Lamb 355

glaucus, Graham 356

gracilis, Nutt 356

humilis, Nutt 356

Lewi.*ii, Benth 354

Lyalli, Gr 570

Menziesii, Hook 354, 570

var. Scouleri, Gr 355

Menziesii, Hook 355

nitidus, Dougl 355

ovatus, Dougl 355

procerus, Dougl 356

pubescens, Solander 356

pubescens, Solander 355

semdatus, Menz 357

Tolmiei, Hook 356

triphyllus, Dougl 257

yenustus, Dougl 357, 570

Peplis Americana, Pursh 84

Petalostemon, MX 109

candidus, MX 109

villosus, Nutt 109

violaceus, MX 109

var. pubescens, Gr 507

Petasites, Tourn , 260

frigida, i'ries 260

palmate, Gr 260, 553

var. frigida, Macoun 553

sagittate, Gr 260, 553

Peucedanum, L 186

ambiguum, Nutt 187

606

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

foeniculaceum, Nutt 187, 536

Isevigatum, Nutt 187

leiocarpum, Nutt 186, 536

macrocarpum, Nutt .' 187, 536

var. eurycarpum, Gr .536

sativum, Benth & Hook 187

triternatum, Nutt 187, 536

triternatum, Gray 186

utriculatum, Nutt 187

villosum, Nutt 536

Phaca aboriginum, Hook Ill

argophylla, Nutt 115

astragalina, DC 112

bisulcata, Hook 113

csespitosa, Nutt 115

collina, Hook 114

elegans. Hook Ill

elongata, Hook 113

flexuosa, Hook 113

frigida, Rich 113

var. Americana, Hook 113

var. littoralis, Hook 113

glabriuscvla, Hook Ill

lotiflora,T.& G 112

mollissima, Nutt 112

neglecta,T. & G.... 112

nigrescens, Hook 114

parviflora, Nutt Ill

pectinata, Hook 113

Phacelia, Juss 333

circinata, Jacq. f 333, 567

Franklinii, Gr 333

Jiastata, Dougl 333

tieterophylla, Pursh 333

Menziesii, Torr 333

sericea, Gr 333,567

var. Lyallii, Gr 333, 567

Phaseolus, L *, 122

diversifolius, Pers 122, 512

trilobus, MX 12'2

Phelipcea Ludoviciana, Walp 373

Phellandrium aquaticum, Pursh. . . . 535

Philadelphia, L 160

Gordonianus, Lindl 160, 527

Lewisii, Pursh 160, 527

Phlox, L 327

anstata.Mx 327

canescens, T. & G 328

divaricata, L 328, 566

Douglasii.Hook 328

var. diffusa, Gr 328

Hoodii, Richards 328

linearifolia, Gr 329

longifolia, Nutt 329

pilosa, L 327

Richardsonii, Hook 328

Sibirica, L 329

speciosa, Pursh 329

speciosa, var. a., Hook 329

var. /?., Hook 329

subulata, L 328,566

PAGE.

Phryma, L 378

Leptostachya, L 378, 574

Phyllodoce Pallasiana, Don 299

tazifolia, Salisb 299

Physalis, L 349

grandiflora. Hook 349

lanceolata, MX 350

obscura, var. visddo-pubescens,

Pursh 349

Pennsylvania, Hook 349, 350

Pennsylvania, Gr 350

var. lanceolata. '. 350

Peruviana, L 349

pubescens. L 349

Virginiana, Mill 349

var. ambigua, Gr . - 350

viscosa, L 350

viscpsa, Gr 349

Physaria, Nutt 54

didymocarpa, Gr 54, 490

Physostegia, Benth 389

parviflora, Nutt 389

Virginiana, Benth 389

Virginiana, Benth.,var. (3, Hook.389

Phytolacca, L 405

decandra, L 405

PHYTOLAOCACE^E (LXXXIII) 405

Picea, Link 468

alba, Link 469

amabilis, London 475

amabilis, Gordon 474

bifolia, Murray 474

Engelmanni, Engl 470

grandis, Loudon 474

nigra, Link 468

Sitchensis, Carr 470

Picradenia Eichardsonii, Hook 250

Picris, L 558

echioides, L 558

hieracioides, L., var. Japonica,

Regel 558

Pilea, Lindl 431

pumila, Gr 431

Pimpinella, L 180

integerrima, Benth & Hook. . .180

Pinguicula, L 376

acutifulia, MX 376

alpina, L , 376

grandiflora, Hook 376

macroceras, Cham 376

microceras, Willd 376

villosa, L 376

vulgaris, L 376, 573

Pinus, L 464

alba, Poir 469

albicaulis, Englm 465

amabilia, Parlatore 474

amabilis, Dougl 475

balxarnea, L 473

Bank si ana, Lambert 468

Banksiana, Lindley & Gordon. 466

INDEX.

60?

PAGE.

Canadensis, L 471

Canadensis, Bong. var. /i?.,Hook.471

coutorta, Dougl. 466

contorta, Dougl 467

var. latijolia, Engelm 467

Douglasii, Lambert 472

flexilis, James -. 465

flexihs, Lyall 465

var. albicaulis, Engel 465

grandis, Dougl 474

inops, Hook 466, 467

Lambertiana, Hook., var. /£ .... 465

Larix, Dougl 475

lasiocarpa, Hook 474

Menziesii, Dougl 470

Mertensiana, Bong 471

microcarpa, Lambert 475

monticola, Dougl 464

Murray ana, Balfour 467

nigra, Ait 468

Nuttallii, Parlatore 475

Pattoniana, McNab 471

pendula, Hook 476

pendula, Ait 475

ponderosa, Dougl 466

ponderosa, Dougl., var. scopulo-

rum, Engl 466

porphyrocarpa, Lawson 464

resinosa, Ait 465

resinosa. Hook .466

rigida. Miller 467

rubra, MX 465

rubra, Lam 468

rupestris, MX 468

Sitchensis, Bong 470

Strobus, L 464

Strobus, Hook 464

Strobvx, var. monticola, Nutt. . .464
sylvestris,va,r. diwricata, Ait.. .468

taxifolia, Lambert 472

PIPERACEJE (LXXXVI) 419

Pirus, L 145

Americana, DC 146, 521

var. microcarpa, T. & G. . . .522

Ameri -ana, Rich 146

arbutifolia, L 145, 521

var. melanocarpa, Hook . . 146

Aucuparia, Meyer 146

Botryapium, L 148

coronaria, L 145

malus, L 145,521

melanocarpa, Willd 146

oyalis, Pursh 149

rivularis, Dougl 146

sambucifolia, Cham.& Schlecht.146

sangumea, Pursh 148, 149

Pisum maritimum, L 121

PLANTAGINACE.E (LXXVIII) 391

Plantago, L 391

aristata, MX 394

Bigelovii, Gr 394

PAGF.

Bigelovii, Wat 394

cordata, Lamb 391

data, Pursh 3(Jl

decipiens, Barneoud 393

eriopoda, Torr 392

Komtschatica, Hook 392

Kentuckensis, MX 391

Lagopus, Pursh 393

lanceolata, L 393, 575

lanceolata, var. /?., Hook 392

var. }-., Hook 392

var. >-., Timbali, Syme 393

macrocarpa, Cham. & Schl 392

major, L 391

var. Asiatica, Decaisne — 392
var. bracteata, Macoun.,.392
var. minima, Decaisne — 392

maritima. L 393, 575

var. juncoidcs, Gr 393

media, L 394

Patagonica, Jacq., var. aristata,

Gr 394

var. gnaphaloides, Gr 393

var. spinulosa, Gr 394

pauciflora, Pursh .. 393

pusilla, Nutt 394

Eugellii, Decaisne 392, 574

PLATANACE^: (xoiv) 432

Platanus, L 432

occidentals, L 432

Platypetalum dubium, R.Br 55

purpurazcens, R.Br 55

Platystigma, Benth 34

Oreganum, Benth 34

Plectritis, DC 205

congesta, DC 205

congesta, DC 541

var. minor, Hook 541

macrocera, T. & G 541

samolifolia, Hceck 541

Pleurogyne, Eschsch 325

Carinthiaca, Griseb, var. pusilla,

Gr 325

rotata, Griseb 325

rotata, var. Americana, Hook... 325

Podalyria tinctoria. L 123

PLUMBAGINACE^: (LIX) 308

Podophyllum, L 30

peltatum, L 30

Polanisia, Raf 59

graveolens, Raf 59, 491

POLEMONIACE^; (LXV) 327

Polemonium, L 330

ceeruleum, L 331,567

var. acutiflorum, Ledeb — 331

var. humile, Hook 331

var. pulchcrrimum, Hook . . 331

var. vulgar e, Hook 331

confertum, Gr 330

humile, Willd .' 331

var. pulchellum, Gr 331

608

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

micranthum, Benth 331

pulcJierrimum, Hook 331

POLYGALACE^E (XIV) 65

Polygala, Tourn 65

fastigiata .... 66

incarnata, L 65

Nuttallii 66

paucifolia, Willd 66, 494

polygama, Walter ' 66

purpurea, Nutt 66

rubella, Willd 66

eanguinea, L 66, 494

Senega, L 66, 494

uniflura, MX 66

verticillata, L 66, 494

viridescens, L 66

POLYGON ACE^E (LXXXIV) 40<>

Polygonum, L 407

acre.HBK 411

alpinum, Hook 412

amphibium, L 410

amphibium, var. /?., Bourgeau . . 410

var. aquaticum, Gr 410

var. terrestre, Gr 410

arifolium, L 413

articulatum, Willd 409

aviculare, L 407

aviculare, var. erectum, Gr 407

var. littorale, Gr 408

Bistorta, L 412

bistoi toides, Pursh 412

Careyi, Olney 412

cilinode, MX 413

coarctatum, Dougl 408

var. minus, Meisn 409

cocdneum, Muhl 410

var. terrestre 410

Convolvulus, L 413

dumetorum, L 413

dumetorum, L., var. scandens,

Gray 413

erectum, L 407

Fagopyrum, Putsh 414

Hartwrightii, Gr 410

Hydropiper, L 411

hydropiperpides, MX 411

hydropiperoides, Pursh 411

imbricatum, Nutt 409

incarnatum, Ell 409

lapathifolium, Ait 410

var. incanum, Koch 410

lapathifolium, Ait 409

var. lanatum, Bourgeau. . .410

maritimum, L 408

minimum, Wat 408

mite, Ell 411

mite, Pers 411

Muhlenbergii, Wat 410

nodosum, Pers 409

nodosum. var. incarnatum, Gr..409
orientale, L 412

PAGE.

Paronychia, Cham. & Schl 407

Pennsylvanicum, L 409

Persicaria, L 411

poly mprphum, Ledeb , . . 412

ramosissimum, MX 408

sagittatum, L 413

scandens, Pursh 413

Tartaricum, L 414

tenue. MX 408

var. latifolium, Englm....408

Virginianum, L 413

viviparum, L 412

Polymnia, L 239

Canadensis, L 239

Populus, L 456

alba 458

angulata, Ait 457

angulosa, MX 457

angustifolia, James 457

balsarnifera, L 456

var. candicans, Gr 457

balsamifera, Lyall 457

var. — Hook .... v 457

var. angustifolia, Wat 457

Canadensis, MX 457

candicans, Ait 457

dilatata, Ait 458

grandidentata, MX 456

Isevigata, Ait 457

monilifera, Ait 457

treinuloides, MX 456

trepida, Willd 456

' trichocarpa, T. &G 457

Porcelia triloba, Persoon 28

PORTULACACEJE (XVIl) 81

Portulaca, Tourn 81

oleracea, L 81

Potentilla, L 136

Anserina, L 141

var. Egedii, T. & G 141

var. grandis, Lehm 141

var. Grcenlandica, Tratt. . . 141

argentea, L 139, 51 7

arguta, Pursh 136. 516

arguta, Lehm 136

biflpra, Willd 140

bipinnatifida, Dougl 137

Canadensis, L 141

var. simplex, T. & G. .141, 518

chrysantha, Hook 138

concinna, Rich 139

dissecta, Pursh 138, 517

var. glaucophylla, Lehm.. 517

var. multisecta, Wat 517

var. pinnatisecta, Wat. ... 517

diversifolia, Hook 138

Drummondii, Hook 138

effusa, Dougl 138, 517

emarginata, Pursh 140, 518

fastigiata, Nutt 138

fissa, Nutt 136

INDEX.

609

PAGE.

flabellifolia, Hook 140

flabelUformis, Hook 138

fragiformis, Willd 140

var. villosa, Regel 140

frigida, Villars 140

fruticosa, L 141

gelida, C. A. Meyer 140

glandulosa, Lindl 136, 516

gracilis, Dougl 138,517

var. fastigiata, Wat 138

var. flabelliformis, T. & G-138

var. rigida, Wat 138

Grcenlandica, R. Br 140

Hippiana, Lehtn 137

var. pulcherrima, Wat. • . . 137

hirsuta, MX 136

Hookeriana, Lehm 137

humifusa, Nutt 139,518

maoulata, Poir 140, 518

mittrgrana, Engel 136

minima, Gr 140

nana, Willd 140

nemoralis, Nestler 142

nivea, L 139,518

var. 7, T. & G 139

var. concolor, T. & G 140

var. dissecta, Wat f 139

\618

var. Vahliana, Seem . ... f 139
1518

nivea, var 138

Norvegica, L 136,516

var. hirsuta, T. & G.. 136, 516

Nuttallii, Lehm 138

opaca, Pursh 140

palustris, Scop 140

paradoxa, Nutt 136

Pennsy Ivanica, L 136, 516

var. bipinnatifida, T. & G-137

var. glabrata, Wat 137,517

var. Hippiana, T. & G 137

vai. pulcherrima, Wats . . . . 137
var. pulcherrima, T. & G. . .137
var. strigosa, Pursh.. .137,517

pilosa, Willd 139, 517

Plattensis, Nutt 138, 517

procumbens, De Clairv 135

pulchella, R. Br 137,517

pulcherrima, Hook 137

pumila, Poir 141

rigida, Nutt 138

rivalis, Nutt., var. millegrana, f 136

Wat 1516

rubricaulis, Hook 137, 138

Salisburgensis, Heenke 140

sericea, var. ft 138

sericea, var. glabrata, Hook. ... 137

simplex, MX 141

supina, L 136,516

Tormentilla, Sibthorp 142

var. nemoralis, Seringe • . . . 142

PAGE.

tridentata, Solander 141

Vahliana. Hook 139

villosa, Pall 140

Poterium, L 143

annuum, Nutt 519

Sanguisorba, L 519

Canadense, Benth. & Hook. . J 143

1519

officinale, Benth & Hook 143

Sitchense, Wat. 143, 519

Prenanthes, L 282

alata, Gr 283

var. sagittata, Gr 283

alba, L 282,559

altissinia, L 282

juncea, Pursh 283

racemosa, MX 282, 559

rubricunda, Pursh 282

serpentaria, Pursh 282, 559

var. nana, Gr. , . . . 282

Primula, L 309

borealis, Duby 310

cuneifolia. Ledeb 310

Egaliccensis, Hornern 564

farinosa, L 309,564

Uornemanniana, Hook 309

Mistassinica, MX 309, 564

nivalis, Pall 310

officinalis, L 310

saxifragsefolia, Lehm 310

Scotica, Hook 309

Sibirica, Jacq 310

stricta, Hornem 309

vera, L 310

vulgaris, Huds 310

PEIMULACB^E (LX) 309

Prinos glabra, L 503

Gronovii, MX 93

verticillatus. L 93

Proserpinaca, L 167

palustris, L 167,529

Prunella vulgaris, L 388

Prunus, Tourn 124

Americana, Marshall 124

var. mollis, T. & G 124

borealis, Poir 125

Canadensis, L 124

demissa, Walp 125

depressa, Pursh ... - 124

domestica, L 513

emarginata, Walp 125

var. mollis, Brewer. ..125,513

hiemalis, MX 124

maritima, Wang . •» o 124

mollis, Torr 124

mollis, Walp 125

nigra, Ait 124

Pennsy Ivanica, L 125

pubescens, Pursh 124

pumila, L 124

serotina, Ehrh 126, 513

610

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

serotina, Poir 125

sphserocarpa, MX 124

Virginiana, L 125

Virginiana, Mill 126

Pseudotsuga, Carr 472

Douglasii, Carr 472

Psoralea, L 108

argophylla, Pursh 108

brachia'ta, Dougl 108

elliptica, Pursh 108

esculenta, Pursh 108

lanceolata, Pursh 108

laxiflora,T. & G 108

physodes, Dougl 108, 506

scabra, T. &G 108

Ptarmica borealis, DC 251

mlgaris, DC 251

Ptelea, L 93

trifoliata, L 93, 503

Pterospora. Nutt 307

andromedea, Nutt. ....... 307

Pulmonaria lanceolata, Pursh ...... 339

paniculata, Ait 339

parviflora, Pursh 338

Sibirica, Pursh 339

Virginica, L 338

Pulsatilla alpina, Lawson 12

patens,i> 12

Purshia, DC 132

tridentata, DC 132, 515

Pycnanthemum, MX 382

incanum, MX 383

lanceolatum, Pursh 382

linifolium, Pursh 574

monardella, MX 385

muticum, Pers.,var. pilosum,Gr.574

Pyrethrum bipmnatum, Willd 253

inodorum, Smith 253

Pyrola, L 303

aphylla. Smith 306, 564

asarifolia, MX 305

bracteata, Hook 305

chlorantha, Swartz 304

var. occidentalis, Gr 304

dentata, Hook 306

elliptica, Nutt 304, 563

maculata, L 306

minor, L 303,563

occidentalis, R. Br 304

picta, Smith.. 306,563

rotundifolia, L 305

var. asarifolia, Hook 305

var. bracteata, Gr 305,563

var. incarnata, DC 305

var. pumila, Hook 305,563

var. uliginosa, Gr. 305

rotundifolia, MX 304

secunda, L 304

var. p., Hook 304

var. pumila, Gr 304

uniflora, L 306

PAGE.

Pyrus. — See Pirus.

Pyrus Botryapium, L 148

ovalis, Pursh 149

sanguinea, Pursh 148, 149

Quercus, L 440

alba, L 440

var. Gunnisonii, Torr 441

var. microcarpa, DC 440

var. pinnatifida, MX. 440

var. rep Linda, Pursh 440

alba, Hook. 441

ambigua, MX 442

bicolor, Willd 441

G'Stanea, Muhl 442

Chinquapin, MX 442

coccinea, Wang 443

var. ambigua, Gr 442

var. tinctoria, Gr 442

discolor, Ait 443

Douglosii, var. 6 (?) Nesei, DC.. 440

Garry ana, Doxigl 440

macrocarpa, MX 441

var. olivstformis, Gr 441

montana, Willd 442

obtusiloba, MX 440

obtusUoba, MX 441

olivseformis (Holmes Cat.) 441

palustris, Du Roi 443

priuoides, Willd 442

Prinus, L 442

var. acuminata, MX 442

var. discolor, MX 441

var. humilis, Marshall .... 442

var. monticola, MX 442

var. pumila, MX 442

var. tomentosa, MX 441

rubra, L 442

stellata,Wang 440

tinctoria, Bart 443

var. angulosa, MX 443

RANUNCULACE^E (i) 11

Ranunculus, L 15

abortivus. L 18

var. micranthus, Gr . . . 18, 480

acris, L 20

acris, L 22

var. )8, T. & G 22

affinis, R. Br 18

var. cardiophyllus, Gr.... 18
var. leiocarpus, Trautv..l8, 480

alismsefolius, Geyer 16, 480

ambigens, Wat 480

aquatilie, L.

var. brachypus, Hook.& Arn 16

var. C8e.«pitosus, DC 16

var. capillaceus, DC 16

var. Lobbii, Wat 15

var. stagnatilis, DC 16

var. tricophyilus, Chaix.... 16

INDEX.

611

PAGE.

arcticus, Rich 18

brevicaulis, Hook 17

bulbosus, L. 21,481

Californicus, Benth 22, 481

cardiophyllus, Hook 18

Chamissonis, Schlecht 20

Cymbalaria, Pursh 17

var. alpinus, Hook 17, 480

divaricatus, Gr 16

Eschscholtzii, Schlecht 20

fascicularis, Muhl 18

filiformis, MX 17

flammula. L., var. interme-

dius, Hook 17

var. reptans, Meyer 17

var. filiformis, Hook 17

fiuviatilis, Pursh 16

frigidus, Willd 20

glaberrimus, Hook 18

glacialis, L 20

hederaceus, L 15, 479

hispidus, Hook 22

hispidus, MX 21

Hookeri, Regel 20

hyperboreus, Rottb 20, 480

Lapponicus, L 19, 480

limosus, Nutt 16

Marilandicus, Poir 21

micranthus, Nutt 18

multifidus, Pursh 16

var. 8, Wat 16

var. 7, repens, Wat 16, 480

muricatus, L 481

Nelsoni, Gr 22, 481

var. tenellus, Gr. 22, 481

nitidus, Muhl 22

nivalis.L 20,480

var. Eschscholtzii, Wat. 20, 480

var. sulphureus, Wahl 20

occidentals, Nutt 22, 481

occidentalis, T. & G 22

orthorhynchus, Hook 22, 481

ovalis. Raf 17

Pallasii, Schlecht 22

pedatifidus, Hook 20

Pennsylvanicus, L 21

Purshii, Torr 16

var. p, Rich 16

var. y, Hook 16

pygmseus, Wahl 19,480

recurvatus, Poir 19, 480

recurvatus, var. Nelsoni, DC.... 22

repens, L 21,481

var- hispidus, T. & G 21

var. Marilandicus, T. & G . . 21

var. nitidus, Chapman. . f 22

\481

reptans, L 17

rhomboideus, Goldie 17

Sabinii, R. Br 19

sceleratus, L 19

28

PAGE.

Schlechtendahlii, Hook 21

septentrionalis, Poir 22

sulphureus, Solander 20

tenellus, T. & G 22

tomentosus, Poir 21

Raphanus, L 58

Raphanistrum, L 58

sativus, L 58

RHAMNACE^E (xxvn) 95

Rhamnus, Tourn 96

alnifolia, L'Her 96,504

alnifolius, Pursh 96

alpinus, Rich 96

calhartica, L 97

franguloides, MX 96

Purshiana, DC 96, 504

Rhexia, L 175

linearifolia, Poir 168

Virginica, L 175r 531

Rhinanthus, L 371

Crista-galli, L 371, 573

var. major, Ehrh 372

minor, Ehrh 371

Rhododendron, L 301

albiflorum, Hook 301,563

Californicum, Hook 563

Kamtschaticum, Pall 301

Lapponicum, Wahl 302, 563

macrophyllum, Don 302, 563

maximum. L 302

maximum, Hook 302

nudiflorum, Torr 302

Rhodora, Don 302

viscosum, Torr 302

Rhodora Canadensis, L 302

Rhus, L 100

aromatica, Ait 101

var. trilobata, Gr 101

copallina, L 100

diversiloba, T. &G 101

glabra, L 100,505

var. occidentalis, Torr. .... 505

lobata, Hook 101

radicans, L 101

Toxicodendron, L 101

var. quercifolium, MX 101

var. radicans, Torrey 101

var. a, vulgare, MX 101

trilobata, Nutt 101

typhina, L ,100

venenata, DC 100, 505

viridiflora,DC 100

Ribes, L 160

olbinervium, MX 162

alpinum, Hook 162

aureum, Pursh. 164

bracteosum, Dougl 163

cereum, Dougl 163

Cynosbati, L 161, 527

divaricatum, Dougl 161

var. irriguurn, Gr 161

612

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

floridum, L'Her 163

glanduiosum, Ait 162

gracile, Pursh 161

hirtellum, MX 161

Hudson! anum, Richards / 163

1528

var. /3,Hook 163

Hudsonianum, Bourg 162

irriguum, Doug! 161

lacustre, Poir 161

var. molle, Gr 162

var. parvulum, Gr 162

laxiflorum, Pursh 163

laxiflorum, Rich 162

Lobbii, Gr 160

nigrum, Richards • •* 163

oxyacanthoides, L 161, 527

oxyacanthoides, Hook ......... 162

oxyacanthoides, MX 161

var. /?, t. & G 162

var. y, T.&G 161

palustre, var. /?, Hook 163

petiolare, Dougl 163

prostratum, L'Her 162

recurvatum, MX 163

rigens, MX 162

rotundifolium, MX 161

rubrum, L 162

sanguineum, Pursh 163

saxosum, Hook 161

setosum, Lindl 162, 528

trifidum, MX 162

tnflorum, Willd 161

tmflorum, Hook. & Arn 161

vittosum, Nutt 1 61

viscosissimum, Pursh. . . 163, 528

Robinia, L 110

hispida, Vent 110

Pseudacacia, L 110

viscosa, Vent 110

Romanzoffia, Cham 334

Sitchensis, Bongard 334

Unalaschkensis, Cham 334

Rosa, Tourn 143

acicnlaris, Lindl 521

acicularis, Lindl., var. Bour-

geauiana, Crepin.. 144, 520

Arkansana, Porter 520

blanda, Ait 144,519

var. setigera, Crepin.. .144, 520

blanda, Pursh 145

blanda, Rich 144

JBourgeauiana, Crepin 144

Californica,Cham. & Schlecht / 144

1520

Carolina, L 143,519

Caroliniana, MX 145

cinnamomea, Hook 1 44

var. /V-T- &G 144

Fendleri, Crepin 521

fraxinifolia 144

PAGE.

gymnocarpa. Nutt 144

humilis, Marsh 521

Jsevigata, Borrer 144

lucida, Ehrh 143,519

lucida, Ehrh 521

Lyonii, Pursh 145, 521

micrantha, Smith 145, 521

nitida, Willd 145, 521

Nutkana, Presl 144, 520

parviflora, Ehrh 1 45, 521

parviflora, Ehrh 521

Pennsylvania, Michx 143, 144

pisocarpa, Gr 520

pruinosa, Baker 521

rubiginosa, L 145

Sayi, Schwein 520

setigera, MX 143

stricta, Macoun & Gibson 144

var. /*,T. & G 144

suaveolens, Pursh 145

Woodsii, Lindl 521

Woodsii, T.&G 144

var. — Hook 144

ROSACE^E (xxxn) 124

RUBIACEjE (XLIX) 199

Rubus, Tourn 128

acaulis, MX 129

arcticus, L 129,514

var. grandiflorus, Ledeb.. / 129
1514

Canadensis, L 131

Chamsemorus, L 128,514

Dalibarda, L 129, 514

flagellaris, W illd 131

hispidus, L 131

var. setosus, T. & G 131

Idseus, Pursh 130

var. Canadensis, Rich 130

iwmnis, Willd 131

intermedia, Peck 130

leucodermis, Dougl 130

macropetalus, Dougl ••••.. 130

nmcronatus, Seringe 129

neglectus, Peck 130

nivalis, Dougl 132

Nutkanus, Mogino 128

obovalis, MX 131

obovatus, Ell 131

occidentalis, L 130

occidentalis, var. @, Hook 130

odoratus, L 128

pedatus, Smith 129, 514

pistillatus, Smith 129

propinquus, Rich 129

saxatilis, var. Canadensis, MX.. 129

setosus, Bigel 131

spectabilis, Pursh 130

stellatus, Smith 130, 514

strigosus, MX 130, 514

suberectus, Hook 131

triflorus, Richards 129

INDEX.

613

PAGE.

trivialis, Pursh 131

ursinus, Cham. & Schlecht- . . . 130

villosus, Ait 131, 514

var. frondosus, Torr 131

var. humifusus, T. & G . . • • 131

vitijolius, T. & G 130

Eudbeckia, Linn 242

columnaris, Pursh 243

var. pulcherrima, Don. . - • 243

fulgida, Ait 242

hirta, L.. 242

laciniata, L 242, 549

Rumex, L 415

Acetosa, L 417

Acetosa, L 417

Acetosella, L 418

acutus, L 415

aquaticus, Pursh 415

Uritannica, Pursh 415

crispus, L 416

digynw, Pursh 414

domesticw*, Hartm 415

Engelmanni, var. (?) Geyeri,

DC 417

Hydrolapaihum, Huds., var. (?)

Americanum, Gr 415

longifoiius, DC 415

maritimus, L 417

obtusifolius, L . . . . 416

occidentalis, Wat 415

orbiculatus, Gr 415

Patientia, L 415

pauciflorus, Nutt 417

persicarioidefi, L 417

salicifolius,Woinmann 416

sanguineus, L 415

sanguineus, L 417

veno.«us, Pursh 415

verticillatus, L 416

(xxiv) 93

Sabbatia, Adns 320

angularis. Pursb 320

Sagina, L 79

decumbens, T. & G 79

Linneei, Presl 79, 499

nodosa, E. Meyer 79, 499

occidentalis, VVat 79, 499

procumbens, L 79. 499

procumbens, L 79

procumbens, Pursh 79

subulala, T. & G 79

SALICINE.E.. (xcvin) 444

Salicornia, L 403

ambigua, MX 404

fruticosa, var. ambigua, Gr 404

herbacea, L 403

herbacea, var. prostrata, Bourg. . 403

mucronata, Bigel 403

radicans, Hook 404

PAGE.

Virginica, L 403

Virginica, Moquin 403

Salix, L 444

adenophylla, Hook 444

alba, L., var. cserulea, Smith. . .444

alba + fragilis, Wimmer 444

ambigua, Pursh 451

amygdaloides, And 444

angwtata, Pursh 447

arbwcula, L 445

arctica, R. Br 444

var. petreea, And 445

arctica, var. buxifolia, Ledeb-.452

argophylla, Nutt 450

arguta, var. lastiandra, And. . . .449

argyrocarpa, And 445

balsamifera, Barratt 445

Barcleyi, And 445

var. latiuscula, And 446

Barrattiana, Hook 445

callicarpeea, Traut 444

Candida, Willd 446

Caroliniana, MX 451

Chamissonis, And 446

chlorophy lla, And 446

chlorophylla. var. pellita, And. .454

conifera, Willd 443

cordata, Muhl 446

var. angustata, Gr 447

var. balsamifera, Hook 445

var Mackenziana, Hook. .447

cordifolia, Pursh . 444

crassijulis, Traut 452

cuneata, Nutt 454

Cutleri, Tuck 455

desertorum, Rich 448

diplodyctya, Traut 452

discolor, Muhl 447

var. eriocephala, And 447

Drummondiana, Barratt 448

eriocephala, MX 447

falcata, Pursh 451

flavescens, Nutt 448

var. Scouleriana, Bebb. . . . 448
fulcrata, var. subglauca. And. .448

fusca-, Hook 445

fuscata, Pursh 453

glauca, L 448

var. villosa, And 448

glaucops, And 448

gracihs. And 453

grisea, Willd 455

herbacea, L 449

Hookeriana, Barratt 449

Houstoniana, Pursh 451

humilis, Marshall 449

humillima, And 449

incana, MX 446

Lambertiana, Pursh 453

Janata, L 455

lancifolia, And 450

614

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

lasiandra, Benth., var. lanci-

folia, Bebb 450

var. ty pica, Bebb 449

ligustrina, MX 451

livida, var. occidentalis, Gr 453

longifolia, Muhl 450

var. argyrophylla, And. ..450

var. pedicellata, And 450

longirostris, MX 449

lucida, Willd 450

lucida, var. macrophylla, And. .450

Muhlenbergiana, Pursh 449

myrtilloides, L 451

myrtilloides, Cham 452

nigra, Hook 451

var. amygdaloides. And . . . 444

var. falcata, Gr 451

Novee-Anglise, And.,wr. myrtil-

lifolia, And 452

var. pseudo-cordata. And. .452

var. pseudo-myrsinites,

And 452

orbicularis. And 452

ovalifolia. Traut 452

Pallasii, And., var. crassijulis,

And 452

var. diplodyctya, And 452

pcdicellari.i, Pursh 451

petiolaris, Smith .453

var. gracilis, And 453

phlebophylla, And 452

phyllicoides, And , 453

polaris, Wahl 453

prinoides. Pursh 44 7

prolixa, And 452

purpurea, L 453

pyrifolia, And 445

repens, Gr 445

reticulata, L 454

var. nivalis, Hook 454

retusa, Hook 452

Richardsoni, Hook .454

rigida, Willd 446

rosmarinifolia, Pursh 453

rostrata. Rich 453

rubra, Rich 450

Scouleriana, Barratt 448

sericea, Marshall 455

sessilifolia, Nutt 454

Sitchensis, Sanson * . 454

var. angustifolia, Bebb 454

speciosa, Hook. & Arn 454

spcdosa, Nutt 450

tristis, Ait 455

Unalaskaensis, Cham 452

Uva-ursi, Pursh 455

Uva-ursi, Seem 452

Uva-ursi, Hook 455

vestita, Pursh 455

villosa, Hook 448

viminalis, L 455

PAGE.

Salsola, L 405

Caroliniana, MX 405

depressa, Pursh 404

kali, L 405

platyphylla. MX 405

salsa, MX .'. 404

Sambucus, L 193

Canadensis, L 194

melanocarpa, Gr 538

pubens, MX 193

var. 7, arborescens, T. & G.. . 193

pubescens, Pers 193

racemosa, L 193, 538

var. pubens, Wat 193, 538

var. arborescens, T. & G. . .538

racemosa, Hook 193

racemosa, var. /?, Hook.. 193

Samolus, L 315

Valerandi, L 315

Valerandi, L., var. America-

nus, Gr 315

Sanguinaria, L 34

Canadensis, L 34

Sanguisorba annua, T. & G 519

Canadensis, L 143

var. latifolia, Hook 143

media, L 143

media, Hook 143

officinalis, L 143

Sanicula, Tourn 178

arctopoides, Hook. & Arn 179

bipinnatifida, Dougl 179, 533

Canadensis, L 178, 533

Marylandica, L 179, 533

Marylandica. T. & G 178

var. Canadensis, Torr.... ..178

Menziesii, Hook. & Arn. .-.179, 533

SANTALACELE (xci) .423

Santolina suaveolens, Pursh 254

SAPINDACB^E (xxix) 98

Saponaria, L 70

officialis, L 70

Vaccaria, L 70, 495

Sarcobatus, Nees 405

vermiculatus, Torrey 405

Sarothamnus, L 104

scoparius, Koch 104

Sarracenia, Tourn 33

heterophylla, Eaton 33

purpurea, L 33

var. heterophylla, Torr 33

SARRACBNIACE.E (vn) 33

Sassafras, Nees 419

officinale, Nees 419

Satureia, L 383

hortensis, L - • 383

Saururus, L 419

cernuus, L 419

Saussurea, DC 271

alpina,DC 271

var. Ledebouri, Gr 272, 556

INDEX.

615

PAGE.

alpina, var. remotifolia, Hook . . 272

monticola, Richards » . 271

subsinuata, Ledeb 272

Saxifraga, L 149

adscendens, L 150, 523

sestivalis, Fisch 153

var./3,T.&G 153

var. J.T.&G. 153

aizoides, L 155, 525

Aizoon, Jacq 150, 523

androsacea, Pursh 150

arguta, Don 153

bronchialis, L 154, 524

var. cherlerioides, Engler. . 154
csespitosa, L 150, 523

var. uniflora, Hook. . .150, 523

csespitosa, R. Br 150

cernua, L 151, 524

controrersa, Sternb 150

Cymbalaria, Sternb 151

var. /3, Sternb 151

Davurica, Pallas 153

Davurica, T. & G 153

Davurica, Hook 153

Davurica, Bourg 153

debilis, Engelm ..524

elata, Nutt 155

Eschscholtzii, Sternb 149

ezarata, Hook 150

exilis, Stephan 151

flabellifolia, R. Br 153

'flagellaris, Willd 154

foliosa, R. Br 153

heterantha, Hook . . 153, 524

hieracifolia, Waldst. & Kit. . . .152

Hirculus, L 154, 524

hyperborea, R. Br 151

integrifolia, Hook 152

Jamesii, Torr 151

Laurentiana, Seringe 151

leucanthemifolia, MX., var.

Brunoniana, T. & G. .152

var. ferruginea,T. & G..152, 524

leucanthemifolia, Lodd 152

Lyallii, Engler 153, 524

Mertensiana, Bong 153

Nelsoniana, Don 153

nitida, Ledeb 154

nivalis, L 152,524

nudicaulis, Don 153

nutanx, Don 334

oppoj-itifolia, L 149, 523

pectinata, Pursh 127

Pennsylvania, L 523

petiolaris, R. Br 151

petrssa, Hook 150

plantaginifolia, Hook 152

propinqua, R. Br . 154

Pseudo-Surscriana, Fisch 154

punctata, L 153, 524

var. Nelsoniana, Engler. . .153

PAGE.

ranunculifolia, Hook 151

reflexa, Hook 152

Richardsonii, Gr 155

rivularis, L 151, 523

var. hyperborea, Hook... 151
var. Laurentiana, Engler. .151

rivularis, Wat 524

serpy llifolia, Pursh , 150

setigera, Pursh 154

Sibirica, Pursh 151

Sibirica, T. & G.. 151

silenifl ora, Sternb 150

spathulata, var. arctica, T. & G.149

spicata, Don 153

stellaris, L 153

var. comosa, Poir 153

stellaris, var. Brunoniana, Bong.152

tricuspidata, Retz 154, 525

uniflora. R. Br 150

venosa, Haworth 150

vernalis, Willd 152

Virginiensis, MX 152

Virginiensis, Hook 152

SAXIFBAGACEvE (xXXIIl) 149

Scleranthus, L 81

annuus, L. 81,499

Scrophularia, L 354

lanceolata, Pursh 354

Marilandica, L 354

nodosa, L 354

nodosa, L., var. Marilandica,

Gr 354

SCROPHULARIACE.E (LXX) 352

Scutellaria, L 388

angustifolia, Pursh 388

canescens, Nutt 388

galericulata, L 388

lateriflora, L 388

parvula, MX 388,574

serrata, Pursh 388

Sedum, Tourn 164

acre, L 164,528

Douglasii, Hook 528

obtusatum, Gr 164

rhodanthum, Gr 165, 529

Rhodiola, DC 165, 528

spathulifolium, Hook 164

stenopetalum, Pursh 164, 528

Telephium, L 165

ternatum, MX 165

SBLAGINACE^E (LXXV) 378

Selinum, L 184

acaule, Pursh 1 86

Benthami,Wat 185, 535

Canadense, MX 184, 535

Pacificum, Wat 185

terebinthiiium, Hook 186

Senebiera, DC 57

Coronopus, Poir 57, 491

didyma, Pers 58, 491

pinnatifida, DC 58

616

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Senecio, L 262

amplectens, Gr 264

atriplicifolius, Hook , .... 268

aureus, L 264

var. Balsamitse, T. & G.. / 265

1554

var. borealis, T. & G. .265,554

var. compactus, Gr 554

?;ar. croceus, Gr 554

var. discoideus, Hook 265

var. lanceolatus, Oakes 265

var. obovatus, T. & G 265

var. subnudus, Gr 266

aureus, Hook 265

aureus ft, gracilis, Hook 265

Balsamitse, Muhl 265

canus, Hook 266, 555

twr.jS.T. &G 266

Cymbalaria, Pursh 266

Elliottii, T. <fe G 265

erernophilus, Richards 266

exaltatus,T. & G 264

Fremonti, T. & G . 266, 555

var. occidentalis, Gr 555

frigidus, Less 267

gracilis, Pursh 264

hieracifoliu*, L 262

Hookeri, T..&G 263

hydrophilus, Nutt 268

integerrimus, Nutt 264, 554

integrifolius, Hook 263

Jac bsea, L 266

longidentatuz, DC 267

lugens, Richards 263, 554

var. exaltatus, T. & G . . 264

var. foliosus, Gr 554

megacephalus, Nutt 263

obovatw, Pursh 265

palustris, Hook 263, 554

var. congesta, Hook 263

pauperculus, MX 265

petreeus, Klatt 555

Pseudo- Arnica, Less 267, 555

resedifolius, Less 267

var. Columbiensis, Gr . . . . 267

subnudus, DC 266

sylvaticus, L 263, 555

triangularis, Hook 267, 555

viscosus, L 263

vulgaris, L 262

Sericocarpus, Nees 218

solidagineus, Nees 218

Seseli divaricatum, Pursh 179

divaricatum, Hook 180

Ifdocarpum, Hook 186

triternalum, Pursh 187

Shepherdia, Nutt 421

argentea, Nutt 422

Canadensis, Nutt 421

Sherardia, L 204

arvensis, L 204

PAGE.

Sibbaldia, L 135

erecla, L 135

procumbens, L 135,515

Sicyos, L ...176

angulatus, L 176, 532

lobatus, MX 177

Sida Abulilon, L 87

coccinea, DC 87

hederacea, Torr 88

malvssflora, DC 87

Oregana, Nutt 87, 501

Sidalcea,Gr 87

malvseflora, Gr 87

var. Oregana, Wat 501

Sieversia dilatata, R.Br 134

gladalis, R. Br 134

humilis, R. Br 134

radiata, Hook 134

Rosxii, R. Br 134

triflora, R. Br 134

Silene, L 67

acaulis, L 68, 494

antirrhina, L 67

Armeria, L 67

Douglasii, Hook 67

Drummondii, Hook 69

Gallica, L 495

inflata, Smith 67,494

Menziesii, Hook 68, 494

multicaulis, Nutt 494

noctiflora, L 68

nocturna, L 495

Pennsylvania 68

Scouleri, Hook 67, 494

Scouleri 69

stellarioides, Nutt 68

stellata, Ait 67

Virginica, L 67

Silphium, L 239

Iseve, Hook 550

perfoliatum, L 239, 549

terebinthinaceum, L 239

Sinapis alba, L 48

arvensis, L 47

nigra, L 48

Sison bulbosum, MX 180

Canadense, L 182

marginatum, MX 188

trifoliatum, MX 181

Sisymbrium, L 46

acutangulum, DC 47

amphibium, L 38

arabidoides, Hook 41

brachycarpum, Rich 46

canescens, Nutt 46

var. brachycarpum, T.

& G 46

canescens, Benth 47

var. brevipes, T. & G 47

curvisiliqua, Hook 38

humile, C. A. Meyer 47, 487

INDEX.

PAGE.

incisum, Englm., var. filipes.

Gr 47

var. Hartwegianum, Wat.. 47

junceum, Hook . , 46

linifolium, Nutt 46, 487

Nasturtium, Pursh 37

officinale, Scop 46

palustre, L 37

salsugineum, Pall 47

Sophia, L 46

Sophia, Pursh 46

Sophia, var. Rich 46

Sophioides, Fisch 46

Thaliana, Gay 487-

Sium, L '. 182

angustifolium, L 534

cicutsefolium, Gmelin 182

Douglasii, DC 181

latifolium, Bigel 182

lineare, MX 182

pusillum, Nutt 534

rigidius, L 188

Smelowskia, C. A. Meyer 56

calycina, C. A. Meyer 56, 490

Smyrmum aureum, L 181

cordatum, Walter 181

integerrimum, L 180

trifoliatum, Muhl 181

SOLANACE^E (LXIX) 348

Solanum, L 348

Carolinense, L 348

Dulcamara, L 348

heterandrum, Pursh 348

nigrum, L 348

rostratum, Dunal 348

triflorum, Nutt 348

Solea concolor, Ging 61

Solidago, L 211

altissima, Hook 2)4

var. /3, T. & G 214

amplexicaulis, Mertens 543

arguta, Ait 215

arguta, T. & G 215

asperata, Pursh 214

axillaris, Pursh 211

bicolor, L 211

var. concolor, T. & G 212

var. lanata, Gr 212

csesia, L 211

var. axillaris, Gr 211

Canadensis, Hook 216

Canadensis, L 216

var. procera, T. & G 216

var. scabra, T. & G 216

confertiflora, DC 213

corymbosa, Nutt 212

data, Hook 216

elongata, Nutt 216

flexicaulis, Hook 211

flexicaulis, L. var. latifolia,

Hook 211

61T

PAGE.

gigantea, T. & G 215

glutinosa, Nutt 213

Houghtonii, T. & G 217

humilis, Pursh 213, 543

var. /3, T. & G 213

incana, T. & G 217

juncea, Ait 215

lanata, Hook 212

lanceolata, L 217

lanceolata, Hook 217

latifolia, L 211

leiocarpa, DC 212

lepida, DC 216

macrophylla, Pursh 212, 543

Missouriensis, Nutt 215, 543

var. montana, Gr 215

Muhlenbergii, T. & G 215

multiradiata, Ait 212

var. scopulorum, Gr. .212, 543

neglecta, T. & G 214

nemoralis, Ait 216,543

var. incana, Gr 217

occidentalis, Nutt 217

odora, Ait 214

Ohioensis, Riddell 217, 543

patula, Muhl 214

procera, Ait 216

puberula, Nutt 213,543

retrorsa, MX 214

Riddellii, Frank 543

rigida.L 217,543

rugosa, Mill 214

Sarothrse, Pursh 208

sempervirens, L 213

sempervirens, MX 214

serotina, Ait 215

var. gigantea, Gr 216

serotina, T. & G 216

speciosa, Nutt 214

squarrosa, Muhl 211

stricta, Hook 213, 214

stricta, T. & G 214

tenuifolia, Pursh 208

Terrse-Novse, T. & G 215

thyrsoidea, E. Meyer 212

uliginosa, Nutt 214

villosa, Pursh 214

Virgaurea, L., var. alpina,

Bigel 213, 543

Virgaurea, Hook 213

Virgaurea, Pursh 212

var. multiradiata, T. & G. .212

Sonchus, L 283

arvensis, L 283

asper, Vill 283

ciliatus, Lam 283

fallax, Wallroth 283

Floridanus, L 281

oleraceus, L 283

pulchellus, Pursh 281

Sibiricus, Hook 281

618

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

PAGE.

Sorbus Americana, Marsh 146

Aucuparia, var. a, MX 552

var. ft MX 146

microcarpa, Pursh 522

Specularia, Heister 286

perfoliata, A.DC 286, 559

Spergula, L 80

arvensie, L 80, 499

nodosa, L 79

rubra, T.&G 80

var. y, T. & G 80

saginoides, MX 79

saginoides, L 79

subulata, Hook 79

Spergularia, Pers 80

media, Presl 80

rubra, Presl 80

rubra, var. campestris, Gr 80

var. marina, Matthew .... 80
salina, Presl 80

Spergulastrum gramineum, MX 74

lanceolatum, MX 74

Sphseralcea. St. Hilaire 88

aceri/olia, Nutt 88

rivularis, Torr 88, 501

Spiraea, L 126

arisefolia, Smith 127

Aruncus, L 127,513

betulifolia, Pallas 126

var. rosea, Gr 513

capitata, Pursh 128

chamcedrifolia, var. /?, Hook 126

var. media, Pursh 126

corymbosa, Raf 126

discolor, Pursh., var. arisefolia,

Wat. 127

Douglasii, Hook 127, 513

var. Menziesii, Presl 127

hypericifolia, Marsh 126

var. Plunkenetia, Hook. ... 126

Menziesii, Hook 127

opulifolia, L 127

var. mollis, Hook 128

pectinata, T. & G 127, 513

salicifolia, L 126

tomentosa, L 126

tri/oliata, L 128

Spraguea, Torr 84

umbellata, Torr 84

Stachys, L 390

aspera, MX .....' 391

aspera, MX 390

ciliata, Dougl 391

var. pubens, Gr 391

fceniculum, Pursh 386

hispida, Pursh 391

palustris, L 390

palustris, var. aspera, Gr 391

Staphylea, L 98

trifolia(L 98

PAGE.

Statice, L 308

Armeria, L 308

Oiroliniana, Walt 308

Limonium, L., var. Caroli-

niana, Gr 308

Steironema, Raf 313

ciliatum, Raf 313

lanceolatum, Gr 313

longifolium, Gr 314

Stellaria, Linn 74

alpestris, Fries 74

aquatica, Pall 75

biflora, Pursh 73

borealis, Bigel 74

var. alpestris, Gr 74

var. corollina, Fenzl 74

var. /J, Hook 75

var. y, Hook 76

brachypetala, Bong 74

calycantha, Bong 74, 497

cerastoides, L 78

crassifolia, Ehrh 75, 497

crispa, Cham. & Schlecht ..76,498

Edivardsii, R. Br 76

glauca, Meyer 75

graminea, L 497

graminea, Bigel 74

gracilis, Rich 75

gradlis, Rich 74

humifusa, Rottb 76, 498

humifusa, Rottb 76

Iseta. Rich 76

longifolia, Muhl 74, 497

longifolia, Muhl 74

longipes, Goldie 75

var. Edwardsii, T. & G...76,498

var. Iseta, T. & G 76, 497

var. minor, Hook 75, 497

media, Smith 74

nitens, Nutt 76

nitida, Hook 76

obtusa. Englm 76

ovalifulia, Hook 73

palustris. Rich 75

stricta, Hook 75, 76

uliginosa, Murr 75, 497

umbellata, Turcz 76

Stenotus csespitosus, Nutt 210

florifer,T. & G 218

Stephanomeria, Nutt 284

minor, Nutt 284

Streptanthus angustifolius, Nutt 42

virgatus, Nutt 42

Suseda, Forsk 404

depressa, Wat 404

var. erecta, Wat. ." 404

linearis.Torr., var. ramosa,Wat..404

maritima, Dumortier 404

maritima, Porter 404

Subularia, L 55

aquatica, L. 55

INDEX,

619

PAGE.

Swertia, L 326

corniculnta, MX 326

perennis, L., var. obtusa,Griseb..326

puffilla. Pur h 325

Symphoria racemosus. Pers 196

Symphori carpus, Juss 195

occidentalis, R.Br 195

racemosus, MX 196

var. pauciflorus, Bobbins f 196
1539

Symphytum, L 343

officinale, L .343

Syndesmon tkalictroides, Hoffm .... 14

Synthyris, Benth 360

rubra, Benth 360

Talinum Menziesii, Hook 83

pygmseum, Gr 83

Tanacetum, L 254

Douglasii, DC 254

Huronense, Nutt 254

Kotzebuense, Bess 253

paucMorum, Kich 254

suaveolens, Hook 254

vulgare, L 254

var. crispum, DC 254

Taraxacum, Hall 279

Ceratophorum, DC 279

Dens-leonis, Desf. 279

latilobum, DC , 279

officinale, Weber 279

var. alpinum, Koch. . .279, 558
var. glaucescens, Koch... 279
var. lividum, Koch. . .280, 558

var. scopulorum, Gr 559

palustre. DC 280

Taxus, L...' 463

baccata, L., var. Canadensis,Gr.463

baccata, Hook 463

baccata, L 463

baccata, var. minor, MX 463

brevifolia, Nutt 463

Canadensis, Willd 463

Lindleyana, Murray 463

Tecoma, Juss 377

radicans, Juss 377

Telhma, R.Br 155

grandiflora, R.Br 155, 525

parviflora, Hook 156, 525

tenella, Walp 525

Tephrpsia, Pers 507

Virginiana, Pers 507

Tetradymia, DC 268

canescens, DC 268

Teucrium, L 380

Canadense, L 380

occidentals, Gr 574

Thalictrum, Tourn 14

alpinum, L 15,479

anemonoides, MX 14, 478

28

PAGE.

davatum, Hook 15

Cornuti, L 15

corynellum, DC 15

dioicum, L 14, 479

Isemgutum. MX 14

occidentale, Gr 479

pubcwns, Pursh 14

purpurascens, L 14, 479

var. ceriferum, Austin 479

rugosum, Pursh 15

sparsiflorum, Turcz 15

Thaspium, Nutt 181

actseifolium, Nutt 184

aureum,Nutt 181,534

barbinode, Nutt 181, 534

cordatum, T. & G 181

macrocarpum, Bourg 187

trifoliatum, Gr 181

Thelypodium, Endl 58

pinnatifidum, Wat 58

Thermopsis, R.Br 101

fabacea, Hook 102

montana, Nutt 102

rhombifolia, Rich 101

Thesium corymbulosum, MX 423

umbellatum, L 423

Thlaspi, Tourn 56

alpestre, L 56

arvense, L 56

Bursa-pastoris, L 56

cochleariforme, DC 56

montanum, Hook 56

Thuya, L 459

excelsa, Bong 461

gigantea, Nutt 460

Menziesii, Dougl 460

occidentalis, L 459

plicata, Don 460

sphseroidea, Spreng 461

THYMELEACBLE (LXXXVIII) 420

Thymus, L 383

Serpyllum, L 383

Thysanocarpus, Hook 59

curvipes, Hook 59

elegans, Fisch & Meyer 59

oblongifolius, Nutt 491

pulclieUus, Fisch. & Meyer. .... 59
pusillus, Hook 491

Tiarella, L 156

cordifolia, L 156

laciniata, Hook 156

Menziesii, Pursh 155

trifoliata, L 156, 526

unifoliata, Hook 156, 526

Tigarea tridentata, Pursh 132

Tilia, L 88

Americana, L 88

var. pubescens, Loud 88

Canadensis, MX 88

Europaea, L 88

glabra, Vent 88

620

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

laxiflora, MX 88

pubescens, Ait 88

TILIACE^E (xxi) 88

Tolmiea, T. & G 155

Menziesii, T. & G 155, 525

Tolmiea occidentalis, Hook 303

Townsendia, Hook 218

florifer, Gr 218, 544

Parryi, Eaton, var. alpina, Gr...544

sericea, Hook 218

Tragopogon, L 284

porrifolius. L 284,559

pratensis, L 284

Trautvetteria, Fisch 26

grandis, Nutt 26

occidentalis, Gr 26

palmata, Fisch. & Meyer, var. ( 26

occidentalis, Gr. \ 482

Trichophyllum lanatum, Nutt 249

Trientalis, L 313

Americana, Pursh 313

arctica, Fisch 313

Europoea, L 313

var. arctica, Ledeb.. .313, 565

var. latifolia, Torr 313,565

Europcui, MX 313

latifolia, Hook 313

Trifolium, L 104

adculare, Nutt • 105

agrarium, L 106,506

amplectans, L 106

arvense, L 105

depauperatum, Desv 106

fimbriatum, Lindl 105

furct/tum, Lindl 506

gracilentum, T. & G 506

heterodon, T. & G 105

hybridum, L 106

involucratum, Willd 105, 505

var. heterodon, Wat 105

involucratum, Smith 105

longipes, Nutt 104

medium, L 505

megacephalum, Nutt 104

microcephalum, Pursh. . . .106, 506
microcephalum, var. glabrum,

Hook 105

microdon, Hook. & Arn..l06, 506

ornithopodioides, L 106

pauciflorum, Nutt 105

Pennsylvanicum, D.C 105

polyphyllum, Nutt 105

pratense, L 105

procumbens, L 106

reflexum, L 105

repens, L 105

resupinatum, L 106

spinulosum, Dougl 105

tridentatum, Lindl 105, 505

variegatum, Nutt 105

Wormskioldii, Lehm 105

PAGE.

Trigonella, L 506

corniculata, L 506

Triosteum, L 199

majus, MX 199

perfoliatum, .L 199, 540

Tripolium angustum, Hook 228

subulatum, Nees 228

Trollius, L 25

Americanus, Muhl 25

laxus, Salisb 25, 482

patula, Saiisb 25

Troximon, Nutt 277

aurantiacum, Hook 278, 558

cuspidatum, Pursh 277

Dens-leonis, Desf 279

glaucum, Nutt 277

var. dasycephalum, T. f 278

&G \558

var. parvifloruni,Gr...278, 558
var. taraxacifolium, Gr...278

glaucum, var. a., Hook 278

var. /?, Hook 278

gracilens, Gr 279

grandiflorum, Gr 279

heterophy Hum, Greene 279

humile, Gr 278

laciniatam, Gr .278

parviflorum, Nutt 278

Tsuga, Carr 471

Canadensis, Carr 471

Mertensiana, Carr 471

Pattoniana, Engelm 472

Turritis brachycarpa, T. & G 43

diffuna, Hook 47

glabra, L 43

var. j3, T. & G ;.... 43

Isevigata, Muhl 44

macrocarpa, Nutt 43

mollis, Hook 42

ovata, Pursh 42

patula, Graham 42

retrofracta. Hook 43

spathulata, Nutt 43

stricta, Grah 43

Tussilago, Tourn 259

Farfara 259

frigida, L 260

palmata, Ait 260

sagittata, Ait 260

Ulex, L 104

Europseus, L 104

Ulmus, L 427

Americana, L 428

Americana, Planchon 428

var. pendula, Ait 428

fulva.Mx ' 427

racemosa, Thomas .428

rubra, MX. f 427

UMBELLIFEIUE (XLV) 178

INDEX.

621

PAGE.

Urtica, L 430

Canadensis, L 431

Cdnadensis, /?, minor, Hook . . .431

capitata, Willd 432

cylindrica, L 432

dioica, L 430

dioica, L 430

dioica, MX 430

var. occidentalis, Wat 431

divaricala, Willd 431

gracilis. Ait. 430

holosericea, Nutt 431

Lyallii, Wat 430

procera, Willd 430

pumila, L 431

urens, L 431

URTICACE^: (xan) 427

Utricularia, L 374

ceratophylla,M.-K 375

eland estina, Nutt 374

cornuta, MX 376

gibba,L .375

inflata, Walt.. 375

intermedia, Hayne 375,573

minor, L 375

minor, Torr 375

resupinata, B. D. Greene 376

setacea, MX 375

striaia, Tuck 374

subulata, Pursh. . 375

yulgaris, L.,var. Americana,Gr..375

Uvaria triloba, T. & G 28

Vaccaria vulgaris, Host 70

VACCINIACE.E (LV) 289

Vaccinium, L 290

album, Pursh 290

ceespitosum, MX 291, 561

var. cuneifolium, Nutt. . ..292
csespitosum, var. angustifolium,

Gr 292

Canadense, Kalm 290, 560

Chamissonis, Bong 292

corymbosum, L 290, 560

var. amoenum, Gr 290

var. atrococcum, Gr. .291,560

var. pallidum, Gr 291

dimorphum, MX 290

dumosum, Dunal 289

fuscatum, Gr 291

hispidulum, MX 294

macrocarpon, Ait 293

myrtilloides, Gr., var. membra-

naceum, Dougl 292

var. rigidum, Hook. . .292, 561

myrtilloides, Wat 292

myrtilloides, Hook 292

Myrtillus, L 292

var. microphyllum, Hook f 292
\561

PAGE.

ovalifolium, Smith 292, 561

ovatum, Pursh 293, 561

Oxycoccus, L. 293

pallidum, Gr 291

parvifoliurn, Smith 293

Pennsylvanicum, Lam 290

var. angustifolium, Gr 290

Pennsylvanicum, Lam. 292

resinosum, Ait , 289

salicinum, Cham 291

stamineum, L 290

tenellum, Pursh 290

uliginosurn, L 291,561

var. mucronatum, Herder.. 291

vacillans, Solander 290, 560

vacillans 291

Vitis-Idsea, L 293

Valeriana, L 204

capitata, Pall 541

capitata, Willd 204

var. Hookeri, T. &G.... 205, 541

ciliata, T. & G 205

dioica, L., var. sylvatica, Wat. / 204

1541
var. uliginosa,T. & G.. 204, 541

edulis, Nutt 205

pauci flora, Hook 205

Sitchensis, Bong 541

sylvatica, Banks 541

sylvatica. Rich 2< 4

VALERIANACEJE (L) 204

Vancouveria, Morr. & Decais 30

hexandra, Morr. & Decais 30

Verbascum, L 352

Blattaria, L 352

Claytoni, MX 352

Lychnitis, L 352

Thapsus, L 352

Verbena, L 378

angustifolia, MX 379

bracteosa, MX 379, 574

hastata, L 379

hastata, var. pinnatifida, Lam. .379

paniculata, Lam 379

rugosa, Willd 379

urticsefolia, L 378

VERBENACE.E (LXXVI) 378

Verbisina Coreopsis, MX 246

Vernonia, Schreb 206

altissima, Nutt 541

Noveboracensis, Willd 206, 541

prsealta, Hook 206

Veronica, L 360

agrestis, L 362

alpina, L 361,571

alpina, var. WormsJdoldii, Hook.361

.Americana, Schwein 360

Anagallis, L 360

Anagallis, Bong 360

aphylla, var. grandiflora, Benth.361
arvensis, L 362

622

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA.

PAGE.

Seccabunga, Hook 360

Buxbaumii, Tenore 363

Chamsedrys, L 361

Kamtschatica, L, f 361

nutans, Bong 361

officinalis, L 361

peregrina, L 362

scutellata, L 361

var. pubescens, Macoun. . .361

serpyllifolia, L 362

Stelleri, Pall 361

Virginica, L 360

Vesicaria, Lam 54

alpina, Nutt 54

arctica, Rich 54, 490

arctica, Rich 54

var. /?, Hook 54

arenosa, Rich 54

didymocarpa, Hook 54

Ludoviciana, DC 54, 490

Viburnum, L 194

acerifolium, L 194

aceri/olium, Bong 195

cassinoides, L 538

cassinoides, L 194

dentatum, L 194, 538

edule, DC 195

lantanoides, MX 195

Lentago, L 194

nudum, var. L., cassinoides,

T. & G 194, 538

nudum, Hook 194

Opulus, L 195

Opulvs, var. Americanum, Ait... . 195

Oxycoccus, Pursh 195

pauciflorum, Pylaie 195, 539

prunifolium, Hook 194

pubescens, Pursh 194

pyrifolium, Pursh 194

Vicia, Tourn 120

Americana, Muhl 121,512

var. linearis, Wat 121, 512

Caroliniana,Walt 120, 512

Cracca, L 120

gigantea, Hook 121, 512

hirsuta, Koch 120, 511

Oregana, Nutt 121

parriflora, MX 120

sativa, L 120

var- angustifolia, Seringe. ..511

tetrasperma, Loisel 120, 511

trideittuta, Schw 121

Villar.na Crista-galli, Griseb 327

lacunnsa, Vent 327

Viola, L 61

adunca, Smith 64

bicolor, Pursh 65

biflora, L 62,65

biflora, var. Sitchensis, Regel. . 64

blanda, Willd 62

Cauadensis, L 64

PAGE.
canina, L., var. adunca, Gr. . . . 64

var. longipes, Nutt 493

var. rupestris, Regel. . . 64, 493

var. sylvestris, Regel 63

dandestina, Pursh 62

concolor, Forst 61

cucullata, Ait 62

var. cordata, Gr 63

var. palmata, Gr 63

debttis, MX 63

debilis, Pursh 63

delphinifolia, Nutt 493

dentata, Pursh 63

digitata, Pursh 63

glabella, Nutt 64, 493

lanceolata, L 61,492

Langsdorffii, Fisch 63

lingusK/olia, Nutt 65

longipes, Nutt 64

Muhlenbergii, Torr 63

Muhlenbergii, vars. /3, & y,

Hook 64

Nuttallii, Pursh 65, 493

var. lingusefolia, Nutt.. 65, 493

var. prsemorsa, Wat 65

obliqua, Pursh 62

ochroleuca, Schw 63

odorata, L 62

ovata, Nutt 63

palmata, L : 63

palustris, L 62

pedata,L 63,492

Pennsylvanica, MX 64

pinnata. Rich 63

primulsefolia, L 61

primulifolia, Pursh 63

pubescens, Ait 64

var. eriocarpa, Nutt 64

var. scabriuscula, T. & G. . 64

renifolia, Gr 62, 492

rostrata, Muhl 64

rotundifolia, MX 61

sagittata, Ait 63, 492

sarmentosa, Dougl 65, 493

Selkirkii, Pursh 62, 492

septemloba, Le Conte 63

sororia, Willd 63

striata, Ait 63

striata, Hook 64

tenella, Muhl 65

tricolor, L.,var. arveiisis.Ging / 65

\494

vUlosa,Walt 63

VIOLACEJE(XJII) 61

VITACE.E (xx vm) 97

Vitis, Tourn 97

.cordifolia, Lam 97, 504

var. riparia, Gr 97

Labrusca, L 97,504

riparia, MX 97, 504

vulpina, Muhl 97

INDEX.

623

PAGE.

Waldsteinia, Willd 134

fragarioides, Tratt 134, 515

Wyethia, Nutt 550

amplexicaulis, Nutt 550

Xanthium, Tourn 241

Canadense, Mill 241

var. echinatum, Gr 241

echinatum, Murray 241

spinosum, L 242

strumarium, L., var. Canadense,

T.&G 241

Xanthoxylum, Golden 93

PAGE.

Americanum, Mill 93

Jraxineum, Willd 93

ramiflorum, MX 93

tricarpum, Hook 93

Xylosteum ciliatum, Pursh 197

var. /3, album, Pursh 196

Tartaricum, MX 197

villosum, MX 198

villosum, Richards 198

Zizia aurea, Koch 181

cordata, Koch 181

integerrima, DC 180

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