55.220/2-3:998 WORLD DATA CENTER A Oceanography CATALOGUE OF DATA and REPORT OF DATA EXCHANGE 1998 WDCA-OC-99-1 World Data Centers conduct international ex- change of geophysical observations in accordance with the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions. WDC-A is established in the United States under the auspices of the Na- tional Academy of Sciences. WORLD DATA CENTER A Oceanography CATALOGUE OF DATA and REPORT OF DATA EXCHANGE 1998 CHANGE NOTICE NOS. 62 AND 63 (1 JANUARY - 31 DECEMBER 1998) WORLD DATA CENTER A Oceanography Silver Spring, Maryland 1999 ABSTRACT This publication lists and describes all data received by WDC-A, Oceanography during the period 1 January - 31 December 1998. It supplements the original six-volume Catalogue of Data, which includes Change Notice Nos. 1-16. It also includes tabulations of data received during 1998 as weU as summarizations of data received prior to 1998. The types of data include oceanographic station data, bathythermo- graph data, current measurements, biological observations, meteoro- logical observations, and sea surface measurements. An Alphabetical Index of ship names and a Geographical Index of ocean areas assist the user in selecting the required data. The Catalogue of Data and Report of Data Exchange. 1998 is the fourth in a new series of publications issued yearly by WDC-A, Ocean- ography. It combines the data information previously presented in WDC-A's Change Notices to the Catalogue of Data and its annual report Oceanographic Data Exchange: these publications are no longer issued separately by WDC-A. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Ron Moffatt has announced his intention to retire from the Federal Ser- vice on 31 December 1999, after more than 33 years as a staff member of WDC-A, Oceanography. Compiled by Charlotte L. Sazama Ronald E. Moffatt E. Godfrey Trammell, Jr. 11 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ii WORLD DATA CENTER A iv PREFACE vi INTRODUCTION 1 HOW TO USE THE CHANGE NOTICE TO THE CATALOGUE OF DATA 2 DATA EXCHANGE POLICY OF WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF DATASOURCES 6 EXPLANATION OF THE ALPHABETICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDEXES 7 ALPHABETICAL INDEX 8 GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX 10 NUMERICAL LIST OF COUNTRIES 13 LIST OF DATA CENTER ACRONYMS 14 INDEX OF COUNTRIES AND INSTITUTIONS CONTRIBUTING DATA TO WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DURING THE PERIOD 1 JANUARY - 31 DECEMBER 1998 15 EXPLANATION OF WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DATA INFORMATION SHEET 17 LISTING OF ACCESSIONED DATA PUBLICATIONS 24 INTERNATIONAL DATA ACQUISITION AND EXCHANGE 27 WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DATA BASE SUMMARIES 30 GODAR ACCESSIONS, 1998 36 NODC ACCESSIONS, 1998 38 DATA HOLDINGS OF RNODC's AND SPECIALIZED DATA CENTERS 45 Pennsylvania State University Libraries FEB 2 5 2000 ... Dociiracnts CollecUon Ul U.i>. Dtpusitory Copy WORLD DATA CENTER A World Data Center A consists of the Coordination Office and thirteen subcenters: World Data Center A, Coordination Office National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20418, U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 334-2744 FAX: (202)334-1377 GLACIOLOGY (SNOW AND ICE): WDC-A, Glaciology Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Campus Box 449 University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A. Telephone: (303)492-5171 FAX: (303)492-2468 PALEOCLIMATOLOGY: WDC-A, PaleocUmatology National Geophysical Data Center NOAA, E/GC4 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A. Telephone: (303)497-6160 FAX: (303)497-6513 ROTATION OF THE EARTH WDC-A, Rotation of the Earth Earth Orientation Department U.S. Naval Observatory Washington, D.C. 20392-5420, U.S.A. Telephone: (202) 762-1469 FAX: (202)762-1563 OCEANOGRAPHY: WDC-A, Oceanography National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282, U.S.A. Telephone: (301) 713-3295 FAX: (301)713-3303 METEOROLOGY (AND NUCLEAR RADIATION): WDC-A, Meteorology National CUmatic Data Center NOAA, E/CC Federal Building Asheville,NC 28801-5001, U.S.A. Telephone: (704) 271-4474 FAX: (704)271-4246 ROCKETS AND SATELLITES: WDC-A, Rockets and Satellites National Space Science Data Center Goddard Space Flight Center NASA, Code 633.4 Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A. Telephone: (301)286-6695 FAX: (301)286-1635 IV SOLID-EARTH GEOPHYSICS (TSUNAMIS, GRAVIMETRY, EARTH TIDES. RECENT MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST. MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS. PALEOMAGNE- TISM AND ARCHEOMAGNETISM. VOLCANOLOGY. GEOTHERMICS): World Data Center A, Solid-Earth Geophysics NCAA, NGDC, E/GCl 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A. Telephone: (303)497-6521 FAX: (303)497-6513 SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS (SOLAR AND INTERPLANETARY PHENOMENA. IONOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. FLARE-ASSOCIATED EVENTS. GEOMAGNETIC VARIATIONS. MAGNETOSPHERIC AND INTER- PLANETARY MAGNETIC PHENOMENA. AURORA. COSMIC RAYS. AIRGLOW): World Data Center A, Solar-Terrestrial Physics NCAA, NGDC, E/GC2 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A. Telephone: (303)497-6761 FAX: (303)497-6513 HUMAN INTERACTIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: WDC-A, Human Interactions in the Environment CIESIN 2250 Pierce Road University Center, MI 48710, U.S.A. Telephone: (517)797-2727 FAX: (517)797-2622 MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS (GRAVITY. MAGNETICS. BATHYMETRY, SEISMIC PROFILES, MARINE SEDI- MENT AND ROCK ANALYSIS): World Data Center A, Marine Geology and Geophysics NCAA, NGDC, E/GC3 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80303, U.S.A. Telephone: (303) 497-6390 FAX: (303)497-6513 ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES: WDC-A, Atmospheric Trace Gases Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6335, U.S.A. Telephone: (423) 241-4842 FAX: (423)574-2232 REMOTELY SENSED LAND DATA: WDC-A, Remotely Sensed Land Data U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Sioux FaUs, SD 57198, U.S.A. Telephone: (605) 594-6142 FAX: (605)594-6589 SEISMOLOGY WDC-A, Seismology U.S. Geological Survey Denver Federal Center, MS-967 P. O. Box 25046 Denver, Colorado 80225, U.S.A. Telephone: (303) 273-8500 FAX: (303)273-8450 PREFACE The six-volume Catalogue of Data and the loose-leaf Change Notice Num- bers 1-16. which have been integrated into the Catalogue. Hst all oceanographic data received by World Data Center A, Oceanography, from July 1957 through June 1975. The Catalogue has a loose-leaf arrangement of sheets, which have been punched for standard three-ring binders. It includes station location charts for many cruises. Beginning with Change Notice No. 17. each Change Notice is printed in a modified format as a separate, bound publication describing aU data received during a particular six-month or one-year period. The six-volume Catalogue of Data, including Change Notice Nos. 1-16. continues to serve as a reference volume for data received from July 1957 through June 1975. Provision has been made in the modified format for correlating newly received data for a particular cruise with data previously received for that same cruise and already described in a prior Change Notice. The capability for identifjdng those data, which have been ma- chine-processed by a national, regional, or responsible national oceanographic data center, has been retained in the modified catalogue format. Until recently, data gathered before the beginning of the IGY in 1957 had not been extensively accessioned by World Data Center A, Oceanography; how- ever, numerous international bodies have pressed the WDCs, Oceanography to accession as much historical data as possible, in order to augment the data bases required for support of Climate Research and Global Change Programs. Thus, the acquisition of pre-IGY, as well as post-IGY data, has become a high priority goal for WDC-A. The Catalogue now contains pre-IGY data accessioned by WDC-A and available in automated form to requesters in the international oceanographic com- munity. The Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) pro- gram has generated significant contributions of historical oceanographic observa- tions from numerous countries. It should be noted that the designations of countries used in this publica- tion do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of this Center concerning the dehneation of the territorial boundaries, the political subdi- visions, or the legal status of any country or territory. WDC-A, Oceanography, will make every effort to promptly correct any inconsistency that is brought to its attention. VI INTRODUCTION The World Data Center system was established in 1957 to collect data from the numerous and widespread observational programs of the International Geo- physical Year (IGY) under the principles set forth by the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and to make such data readily accessible for an indefinite period of time to interested scientists and scholars. The system consists of World Data Center A (WDC-A) located in the U.S.A.; WDC-B located in Russia; WDC-C located in Western Europe and Japan; and WDC-D located in the People's Repubhc of China. WDC-A is established under the auspices of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, where the Coordination Office is located, WDC-A is divided into thir- teen discipline subcenters whose addresses are given on pages iv and v. These centers are located in institutions which, in the opinion of the Academy, can best serve the interests of science because of their data-handling capabilities for the appropriate scientific disciplines. WDC-A, Oceanography, is collocated with the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) in Silver Spring, Maryland. After completion of the IGY program, ICSU delegated the responsibility for the operation of the World Data Centers to its Comite International de Geophysique (CIG) and subsequently to the ICSU Panel on World Data Centres. The framework for continued international exchange of oceanographic data is set forth in ICSU's Guide to the World Data Center Svstem and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission's (IOC's) Manual on International Oceanographic Data Exchange. The types of oceanographic data desired for inclusion in the World Data Center system are those from international cooperative expeditions. Global Change and Climate Research Programs, and those associated with various countries' Na- tional Oceanographic Programs. Data are to be exchanged internationally in accor- dance with provisions of the IOC's Manual and the ICSU Guide. Lists of National Oceanographic Programs are compiled by various national committees on oceanog- raphy and submitted to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission for dis- semination to the international oceanographic community. Contributors of oceanographic data to the World Data Center system and national committees on oceanography are urged to compare the Catalogue of Data with data gathering cruises and expeditions listed in IOC information documents or on-Hne information systems to determine whether the cruises actually com- pleted agree with those Hsted and to ensure that the data resulting from them are transmitted to the World Data Centers in the manner prescribed by the IOC Manual and the ICSU Guide. Data need not be limited to those identified in IOC documents or on-line systems; WDC-A, Oceanography, welcomes all data that fall within the framework of the ICSU Guide and the IOC Manual and that contribu- tors may wish to include in the international marine data base of the WDCs. HOW TO USE THE CHANGE NOTICE TO THE CATALOGUE OF DATA Catalogue Numbering System The catalogue numbering system uses groups of numbers and letters to desig- nate identifying references for purposes of data archiving and retrieval. A cata- logue number consists of numerals for the assigned: series, country, institution, ship and cruise. Series — The catalogue numbering system is divided into basic groups called series. At present, these consist of the 100 series for data from ships and other mobile platforms and the 200 series for data from shore and fixed stations in the following categories: a. Coastal and island stations. b. Near shore manned stations; i.e., Hghtvessels and platforms. c. Ofehore manned stations; i.e., ocean weather ships. d. Unmanned stations; i.e., automatic buoys. e. Stations on shipping routes. f. Offshore reference stations visited regularly. g. Cables in use for oceanographic observations. h. Repetitive drifting observations; i.e., ice islands, drifting buoys. Country — A list in the Indexes section includes all countries and institu- tions from which this Center has received data during this period together with their discrete identifying numbers. The series and two-digit country number com- prise the first three digits of the catalogue number. Example: For country number 01, Argentina, data from ships and mobile platforms are catalogued as 101, and data from shore and fixed stations as 201. NOTE: The designations of countries used in this pubhcation do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of this Center concerning the delineation of the territorial boundaries, the political subdivisions, or the legal status of any country or territory. Institution — An institution which contributed data, either directly or through its designated national agency or national, regional or specialized oceano- graphic data center, is assigned a decimal number following the series/country number. Example: The number 101.01 is assigned to data taken by ships and mobile platforms and received fi*om the Argentine Servicio de Hidrografia Naval, and the number 201.01 is assigned to data taken at shore and fixed stations and received from the same institution. Ship — Each ship, or in some instances a group of ships operating together, is assigned a letter following the series/country/institution number. The letter is followed by a number assigned to the particular cruise as the data are received. NOTE: The term "cruise" is used in this catalogue to define, whenever possible, the beginning and ending dates of a series of data col- lected by a ship, usually identified by the contributing institution with a cruise name and/or number. Sometimes it is necessary to group several series of data from one or more ships together under one catalogue number. Example: The fiirst cruise data received from the Argentine Servicio de Hidrografia Naval are fi*om the ship CAPITAN CANEPA, which is assigned the letter A, followed by the number 01, thus A-01; the second cruise is A-02, the third A-03, etc. Thus, the catalogue numbers 101.01 A-01, A-02, A-03, etc. A similar system is used in the 200-series for ships but is not applied to Hghtvessels and fixed shore stations; for the latter the ship/cruise identifier is omitted. For these categories, the series/country/institution numbers are given, but the lightvessel's or station's name must be added instead of the ship/cruise number to complete the catalogue identification. Example: The Canadian station at Triple Island is identified as: 206.03 Triple Island. A shore station is listed under the country in or near whose territory it is located. If observations are carried out and the data contributed by an institution of another country, the observing country's name and institution are listed after the name of the country of location. How to Use the Alphabetical Index 1. Look up the name of the ship or fixed station in the Alphabetical Index where the related country/institution/ship catalogue numbers are listed. bers. 2. Look up, under the respective countries, the indicated Catalogue Num- How to Use the Geographical Index 1. Obtain the geographic area number and name fi-om the Geographical Index Charts. 2. Look up the list of catalogue numbers of available data for the area in the 3 Geographical Index. 3. Use these catalogue numbers to locate information about the types and amount of data available. How to Obtain Data from WDC-A. Oceanography When communicating with the Center for additional information concerning data, the requester should, where possible, refer to the specific catalogue numbers for data of interest. The catalogue numbers are designed to facihtate the identifi- cation and retrieval of the information or data you need. Address aU correspondence to: Director, World Data Center A, Oceanography National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. If you telephone, the numbers are: The Director: 301-713-3290. The Associate Director: 301-713-3295. The Data Archives: 301-713-3295. FAX: 301-713-3303 E-mail: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov If you wish to visit the Center, its office hours are from 6:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. The Center is not open on Saturdays, Sundays, and U.S. national holidays. If you wish the use of study space, you should, if possible, give the Center advance notice so that necessary arrangements can be made. There is no charge for the use of study space. Data Exchange Pohcv of World Data Center A. Oceanographv World Data Centers are held responsible for the provision of data and infor- mation to qualified requesters in the scientific community either in exchange or at a cost not to exceed that of processing and shipping. Unless a requester specifies otherwise, the Center is responsible for using the method which most satisfacto- rily reproduces the data or information item at the least cost. For certain types of requests, limitations in funding, personnel, or facOities may preclude direct or free provision of data or information by the World Data Center. Data exchanges between WDC-A, Oceanography and WDC's in the same discipHne usually take place without charge for routine exchanges of mutually agreed-upon t5rpes of data received by WDC-A in internationally-approved data exchange formats and in readily reproducible media forms. Non-standard data types are not normally exchanged. The ICSU Panel has now recognized that it is not always economically feasible to copy large data sets from one WDC to another. For certain t5T)es of data, the exchange of inventories of available data in a WDC subcenter may be considered acceptable in Heu of the transfer of the actual data sets. In general, reasonably-sized requests from national or regional contributors to WDC-A, Oceanography may be considered as exchange, and equivalent data thus provided to the requester without charge. For requests for unusually large amounts of data, for specially formatted data, for derived data products, or for data to be obtained from outside the WDC system, WDC-A will normally be re- quired to recover the costs of processing and shipping, or, at its discretion, may arrange for the request to be serviced by an RNODC or a regional, national, or disciphnary center. WDC-A may serve as an intermediary or coordinator for requests for unique types of data or data in other disciplines by placing the origi- nator of the request in contact with the appropriate institution or disciplinary center. Normally, WDC-A, Oceanography considers its data exchange commitment with a cooperating Data Center to be Umited to the servicing of those requests or routine updating requirements intended to build or enhance standard data bases operated by that Center for specific, mutually agreed-upon data types and geo- graphical areas of national or scientific interest. If the availability of funding and resources permit, WDC-A also attempts to assist such cooperating Data Centers when they require special data sets for institutions that are performing project- related research for international cHmate and global change programs and/or that have historically contributed data to WDC-A, Oceanography through that Data Center. WDC-A, Oceanography is obliged, in any case, to follow the exchange and cost recovery pohcies of its sponsoring (funding) government agency, while at- tempting to maintain consistency with data exchange guidelines of the ICSU Panel on WDC's as published in the ICSU Guide. Data and information may be requested from WDC-A, Oceanography through NODCs, Designated National Agencies, or any other organization identi- fied by national or international initiatives as responsible for communication with the World Data Centers. These materials may also be requested directly from WDC-A, Oceanography. Organizations, institutions, or individuals from Member States of the IOC may apply to the IOC Secretariat or UNESCO for possible assis- tance in funding their projects. Data Centers or institutions in the international community that have acquired an automated data set or speciaHzed data product fr'om WDC-A must be aware that original data sets are updated from time to time, errors corrected, or spurious data deleted by the originating data center. Where duphcate data sets are deliberately held in this way, the holder is responsible for making regular contact, as required, with the originating center to check whether the old data set is still valid, whether it should be deleted, or whether new data are available. WDC-A bears no responsibility in the conduct of these arrangements, except as regards the provision of information in its role as a coordination and referral center. Acknowledgment of Data Sources In many instances, data contributed to the Center are unpublished at the time of receipt. Unpublished data are identified in the Change Notice by the absence of a pubhcation number in the column entitled Data Center Reference Number. Accordingly, as stipulated by the Guide, recipients of copies of such data fi*om the Center are reminded that the rights of the original investigators must always be respected. Thus, it is requested that if any data supplied by WDC-A, Oceanography are published, due acknowledgment be made of the institution (and where appropriate, the principal investigator) which undertook the original observations. To facilitate proper acknowledgment, the Change Notice indicates the originating institution. PART I CATALOGUE INDEXES EXPLANATION OF THE ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SHIPS AND FIXED STATIONS This index presents in alphabetical order the names of the ships, lightvessels, platforms, and shore stations that are listed on the Data Information sheets. Ship or Fixed Station — The name of the ship, hghtvessel, platform, hght- house, shore station, etc. Names of ships and Hghtvessels are given in capital let- ters, with lightvessels identified by (LV) after their name. All others not so identi- fied are shore or other types of fixed stations. Country — The name of the country that used the ship to collect data, or the name of the country in or near whose territory fixed oceanographic station observa- tions were made. If the data were collected by an institution of another country, the contributing country is Listed after the one where the observations were taken. Catalosue Number — The country and institution numbers and ship letter assigned to each ship are given in this column to facilitate locating data information in the catalogue. EXPLANATION OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX The Geographical Index is based on the divisions of areas shown on the three charts immediately preceding the Index. These divisions are defined in "Limits of Oceans and Seas," Special Pubhcation No. 23 of the International Hydrographic Bureau, third edition, Monaco, 1953. To define the extensive areas of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans more specifically, the following subdivisions have been added: 23 - North Atlantic Ocean 32 - South Atlantic Ocean 23a - Northeast Atlantic 23b - Northwest Atlantic 45 - Indian Ocean 45a - Northwest Indian 45b - Northeast Indian 45c - Southwest Indian 45d - Southeast Indian SO - Southern Oceans South of latitude 50° South 32a - Southeast Atlantic 32b - Southwest Atlantic 57 - North Pacific Ocean 57a - Northwest Pacific 57b - Northeast Pacific 61 - South Pacific Ocean 61a - Southwest Pacific 61b - Southeast Pacific The catalogue numbers of ship cruises extending into any of the areas, or shore or fixed stations located in the areas, are listed under the area's number and name. ALPHABETICAL INDEX Ship or Fixed Station Country Catalogue Number -A- AKADEMICIAN ALEXANDER NESMEYANOV RUSSIA 137.01 Q Aircraft CANADA 106.22 0 -B- BUSAN 851 KOREA 143.02 FF BUSAN 851 KOREA 243.01 C BUSAN 851 KOREA 143.02 GG -C- CHONNAM 881 KOREA 143.02 GG CHONNAM 881 KOREA 243.01 C -D- DAVID STARR JORDAN U.SA 139.23 Y DEUTSCHE BUCHT (LV) GERMANY 214.01 Darsser Schwelle (platform) GERMANY 214.01 -E- ELBE (LV) GERMANY 214.01 -F- FEHMARNBELT (LV) GERMANY 214.01 -G- GYUNGBUG 885 KOREA 143.02 DD 143.02 GG 243.01 C 243.01 F -H- HOKUSEI MARU JAPAN 124.02 C ALPHABETICAL INDEX Ship or Fixed Station Country Catalogue Number -1- INCHEON 888 KOREA 143.02 FF -J. JOHN P. TULLEY CANADA 106.22 U -K- Kiel (LH) GERMANY 214.01 -L- LANCE JAPAN 124.31 C -N- NEW HORIZON U.S.A. 139.08 V Neah Bay U.S.A. 239.02 Nordseeboje II (platform) GERMANY 214.01 -0- ORIGO JAPAN 124.31 D OSHORO MARU JAPAN 124.02 B -R- ROGER REVELLE U.S.A. 139.08 Y -S- SEIFU MARU JAPAN 124.11 D Ship not identified JAPAN 124.31 E -T- TW/EMS (LV) GERMANY 214.01 9 10 GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX - DETAILS OF MEDITERRANEAN AREA OEOORAPHICAL INDEX -DETAILS OF INDONESIA AREA 11 GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX 1. BALTIC SEA 143.02 GG-02 243.01 C-27 214.01 243.01 F-05 4. NORTH SEA 55. BERING SEA 214.01 124.02 B-68 5. GRFFNLAND SEA 124.31 C-01 57a. NORTH WEST PACIFIC 124.31 D-01 124.02 B-68 124.31 E-01 124.02 C-21 7. BARENTS SEA 124.31 D-01 57b. NORTH EAST PACIFIC 124.02 B-68 8. WHITE SEA 124.02 C-21 137.01 Q-02 106.22 U-03 139.08 V-24 139.08 V-25 13. BEAUFORT SEA 139.08 Y-01 139.23 Y-38 106.22 O-05 239.02 50. EASTERN CHINA SEA 58. GULF OF ALASKA 243.01 C-27 124.02 B-68 143.02 FF-02 51. YELLOW SEA 143.02 FF-02 243.01 C-27 52. JAPAN SEA 124.11 D-76 143.02 DD-04 12 NUMERICAL LIST OF COUNTRIES * 1. ARGENTINA 44. IVORY COAST 2. AUSTRALIA 45. NIGERIA 3. BELGIUM 46. CONGO (People's Republic) 4. BRAZIL 47. MALAYSIA 5. BURMA 48. MALAGASY REPUBLIC 6. CANADA 49. MOROCCO 7. CHILE 50. SENEGAL 8. COLOMBIA 51. THAILAND 9. DENMARK 52. TURKEY 10. ECUADOR 53. VENEZUELA 11. FINLAND 54. EL SALVADOR 12. TAIWAN 55. COSTARICA 13. FRANCE 56. PANAMA 14. GERMANY 57. HONDURAS 15. GERMANY 58. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 16. GHANA 59. HAITI 17. GUATEMALA 60. CUBA 18. ICELAND 61. JAMAICA 19. INDIA 62. AUSTRIA 20. INDONESIA 63. ROMANIA 21. IRELAND 64. EGYPT 22. ISRAEL 65. LEBANON 23. ITALY 66. ALGERIA 24. JAPAN 67. MONACO 25. MEXICO 68. GREECE 26. NETHERLANDS 69. TANZANIA 27. NEW ZEALAND 70. SIERRA LEONE 28. NORWAY 71. TUNISIA 29. PAKISTAN 72. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 30. PERU 73. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 31. PHILIPPINES CHINA 32. POLAND 74. CZECHOSLOVAKIA 33. PORTUGAL 75. MAURITANIA 34. SPAIN 76. BULGARIA 35. SWEDEN 77. BENIN 36. SOUTH AFRICA 78. PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC 37. RUSSIA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN 38. UNITED KINGDOM 79. IRAQ 39. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 80. LIBERIA 40. URUGUAY 81. SINGAPORE 42. YUGOSLAVIA 82. UKRAINE 43. KOREA (Republic of) 83. REPUBLIC OF YEMEN May refer tx) country designations during period data were received. 13 LIST OF DATA CENTER ACRONYMS AODC Australian Oceanographic Data Centre BODC British Oceanographic Data Centre, United Kingdom CEADO Centro Argentino de Dates Oceanograficos CECOLDO Centro Colombiano de Dates Oceanograficos CEDO Centro Espanol de Dates Oceanograficos CENADO Centro Nacional de Datos Oceanograficos, Mexico CENDOC Centro Nacional de Datos Oceanograficos de Chile CNODC China National Oceanographic Data Center CNRDO Centro Ngizionale Raccolta Dati Oceanografici, Italy DOD Deutsches Ozeanographisches Datenzentrum ENODC Eg5^tian National Oceanographic Data Center ICES International Council for the Exploration of the Sea IHO International Hydrographic Organization INODC Indian Nationed Oceanographic Data Center ISMARE Irish Marine Data Centre JODC Japan Oceanographic Data Center KODC Korean Oceanographic Data Center MARIS Marine Information Service, Netherlands MEDS Marine Environmental Data Service, Canada NOD Norsk Oseanografisk Datasenter NODC National Oceanographic Data Center, U.S.A. PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level SADCO South African Data Centre for Oceanography SISMER Systeme d'Informations Scientifiques pour la Mer 14 INSTITUTION INDEX Institution Department of Fisheries & Oceans Institute of Ocean Sciences Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie Hokkaido University iVIaizuru Marine Observatory National Institute of Polar Research . . . Scripps Institution of Oceanography . . National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration National Fisheries Research & Development Agency Country Catalogue Number 06 CANADA 14 GERMANY 24 JAPAN 37 RUSSIA 39 UNITED STATES 43 KOREA 106.22 214.01 124.02 124.11 124.31 137.01 139.08 239.02 139.23 143.02 243.01 15 PART II WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DATA INFORMATION EXPLANATION OF THE WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DATA INFORMATION SHEET The Change Notice lists on Data Information sheets the data which have been received by this Center. The entries are described below. Countries are arranged in the sequence shown in the numerical list of countries. Data from each country are arranged in the sequence of catalogue numbers. The 200-series data sheets follow the last 100-series data sheet in the catalogue. Country / Catalosue Number — The series number and two digit number of the contributing country, as well as the identifying number for the data infor- mation, are given in this column. Details of the catalogue numbering system are given in the section "How to Use the Change Notice to the Catalogue of Data". The numbers corresponding to the country and institution portions of the Cata- logue Number are found in the index section that lists countries and contribut- ing institutions. Country /Ship or Fixed Station — The country name, as well as the names of ships are printed in capital letters; Hghtvessels are identified by (LV) follow- ing the name. All other names not so designated are those of shore stations and other types of fixed platforms, such as lighthouses (LH) or ofehore towers; names are reported as they appear with the data. Start Date/ End Date — The dates during which the data were gathered are given in the order of day/month/year. In some instances, depending on the nature of the project, the dates indicate the beginning and ending of a cruise or expedition, while in others the dates indicate the first and last observations. For shore and fixed stations months and years only are usually given. Region — The region (s) of the World Ocean where observations were gathered. The areas hsted are defined in "Limits of Oceans and Seas," Interna- tional Hydrographic Bureau, Special Pubhcation No. 23, third edition, Monaco, 1953, with certain modifications as indicated in the Catalogue Indexes section. Oceanosravhic Serial Stations: Number of Stations — The number of oceanographic serial stations (also referred to as hydrographic, hydrographical, hydrological and hydrochemical stations by various authorities) at which serial measurements of temperature, salinity, and other chemical values are made, normally to depths of five meters or greater. Data to depths less than five meters are usually catalogued as Sur- face Observations. The single dagger symbol (f) is used to denote data obtained by electronic, in-situ, SaUnity/Temperature/Depth (STD) or Conductivity/Tem- perature/ Depth (CTD) sensors. 17 Physical and Chemical Data — All stations as a minimum have readings of both temperature and saHnity, unless otherwise noted. The types of physical and chemical data, available at serial depths as observed values, are listed using the following symbols and abbreviations: Oxy - Dissolved oxygen content Nutr - Nitrogen, Phosphorous, or Silicon compounds Pol - Heavy Metals, Hydrocarbons or other pollutants BT's — The type and number of mechanical bathythermograph (MBT) or expendable bathythermograph (XBT) observations are indicated by: MB - Analog prints of bath5rthermographs taken by a mechanical BT MTb - Tables or listings of mechanical BT temperature readings at selected depths XB - Analog prints of bathythermographs taken by an expendable BT XTb - Tables or listings of expendable BT temperature readings at selected depths DTb - Table or listings of digital BT temperature readings at selected depths STb - Tables or listings of bathythermographs reported at selected levels only, eg. 5m. intervals Currents — The types and quantity of observations of surface and subsur- face currents are indicated by: Surf - Surface Subs - Subsurface Biolosical — The types of marine biological observations made and the number of stations and/or abundance of data are indicated by any of the follow- ing categories: Phyt - Phytoplankton Pleu Pigm - Pigments Sest PrPr - Primary productivity Neus Zoo - Zooplankton Bent Nek - Nekton PeF Eggs - Fish eggs and/or larvae DeF Micr - Microbiological data FObs Biol - Bioluminescence Bore PoU - Pollution studies Get C14 - Carbon - Pleuston - Seston - Neuston - Benthos - Pelagic fishes - Demersal fishes - Fishery observations - Borers and foulers - Cetacea 18 Surf - Surface visual observations of birds, fishes mammals, reptiles or discolored water Meteorolosical — The presence of meteorological observations taken in conjunction with oceanographic data is indicated. These observations may in- clude wind direction and speed, weather, temperature of the air, dry bulb or wet bulb, atmospheric pressure, clouds, visibihty, humidity, dew point, precipitation, solar radiation, or radiosonde observations. Sea Surface — The types of sea surface observations and measurements taken are listed. In addition to the abbreviations and symbols listed for Physical and Chemical Data, the following are also used: T - Temperature of the water sample S - Salinity Col - Color of the water Tra - Transparency of the water Wa - Visual data on waves, including sea state IWa - Instrumented wave data Ice - Data on ice in the sea LP - Light penetration LPW - Long period wave records Data Center Reference Number — Data which have been processed at a national, regional, or responsible oceanographic data center, usually have been assigned some type of identifying reference number by that center. The availabil- ity of data in automated form is indicated by the initials of the data center fol- lowed by that center's reference number. For example, machine-processed oceano- graphic station data for Reference Number 3 10863 of the National Oceanographic Data Center would appear as NODC 310863. Publication number refers to the number fi'om the WDC-A, Oceanography "Listing of Accessioned Data PubHcations" identifying the pubHshed report in which the referenced data appear. The absence of a number in this column indi- cates that the data were not received in pubHshed or processed form. Remarks — Any additional information included to further describe the data. The term "(CAT. OF DATA)" or "(Change)", indicates that data for this listed cruise represent an addition to data previously received by WDC-A, Ocean- ography, and already described under this Catalogue Number in the Catalogue of Data (including Change Notice Nos. 1-16) or the referenced Change Notice. An asterisk (*) is placed beside each data entry which represents an addition to data catalogued previously; the total number of observations held for this cruise is shown in parentheses ( ) beneath the data entry. Data entries preceded by a minus sign (-) and enclosed in parentheses, e.g. (-9), indicate a deletion of observa- tions. 19 lO a. g 0> ■g w 1 Ul E § 2 £°" g" "- 2 ^- « i » S I I S § R in N O a> CM 2 S Ul O S - ^ lu ae CO CO ^ N (O CM CM ^ Y. ,. in in tn 5 9 9 9 9 9 lo m CM CM CM o CM CM CM CM CM T V ^ ■V 't ^ (N CM CM CM CM CM CO o 5 !§ o> CO CO Ul M 1^ i^ i^ CM CM i en 1 1 I Q. M U. a. u. Q. N Q. g T ff g 9 ? 8 B t 8 .9> t tsl Q. Q. N Q. Q- 8 8 tf I'' I- I o Jg d ■ ID CD (O 00 CM Si (0 CO r>. t*. in in in A ID z o o X o — Ill 9 ^ Q o> CO CO CM T- T- ^ 3 q: < 3 > q: UJ — < ^ s 3 i Y LL ■ o UJ ^ X (0 c£ n- < 1- co o *•! o (^ a Q. o (/) (/) 2 ^ ii Z N Q O UI s X I Q CO < UJ 2t Z < w ^ 3 z z m CO CO 3 9 3 S » » s s (O "« V o M CM § g CM O - ^ ^. s s 9 UJ 20 1*- O CM O !2 2 01 2 c c 1 S. 5 ra s PUBLI ENTER 2 CO 9 9 9 cs CM CM CM CM o o O O O o o> O) CO « 3 Tr - o TO CO ir ■V T- 111 u «■ S 2 s s t ^8 8" ^1 »-E i^ 111 K K lU K % 3 U u. O in ^ lU ID a. t t • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 2 10 ■s D 3 •s s < oc z z Z z z o. !" Hi 1 s # 1 i ■*- ^^ s. CJ) o> 0> o> (O C7> o O) 0) o> a> a> C3) T- T- z 111 ^ ?>1 5 ^ 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ lU ■V ^ CO . r^ ^ C3> o> 0> »- a> en o> 0> CJ> (7> K ^ 5 o ;; ci r3 ?5 CO ^ M o tN o S o o z z > 5 Ol -> < o d. (0 10 s X —I _J m > lij cr a LU 8 i m 00 m co" CO 00 UJ I in oo z < w Z) i S < Z In CO Z < w CO i 00 D < UJ UJ . 5 > CO =i t UJ UJ ri 1 $ I < s i 1 li! S 1- w Q Z i S tr Q ^c o CO o m o 0 Q UJ P =3 z d z UJ 8 9 > oo >- ■V (O 5 ? ? H 'J ^ Ol CO O) »- CS CM rs CM (0 q: 15! z Q UJ 1 UJ < ^ o: p 2 T < p UJ h 8g W) ? a. UJ I «i y 5 F^ z V < £ a: /^ UJ f= z -I s Q z < UJ a. 1 5 P 5 o t- p CD u. o (0 O t- z (0 Q - 13 Q U z < z o z o < < ir UJ ^S IT UJ UJ UJ > fS ^ < T Q. CO S UJ Q (£ LU S Ul Z Z OT < •y ? S < o o 0) w < < (/) t s z o CC (0 o UJ U- K < 9 "^ K 2 _j < UJ J O O < • •♦- +- ■t- 21 O o 5 i (U :£ s 0) e 5 c <0 -" 8. _l < Z 8 c .1 lU TO g. (0 ^ ■E T] R] XJ C U c S O (0 «-f (0 :<: 0) PUBLICATION MUMBERfDATA ENTER NUMBER 1 CM CM O o CO - o ■V ^ 111 o - - a 8 3 in at 3 (0 i^ i^ [n X X £ > O 2 ^ o 8 M Z o m N M K 1- < z Ul y oe lU DC (0 3 o o u. O M i2 lU in 0. t l: 2 w ^ < Of s 1 u. O M . < CN t>- O >Z r^ ^— z w 2 m 9 ^ X o lO - Ill . CM tc O lO CN in It) r«- («- a> C» o> at Q S SI ai ■^ Q UJ (O CO < *" o 1^ f^ o> o> f- o> O) l£ 2 ?3 ^ M 9 Q ■^ lO o z g K < P (/> . >o lO ^ CO CO O lU >< CO CO CD . CO o o in S D Z) CO < m CD < z z o o z UJ < g z 2 g §§ ? 5 i<: moo o d z UJ t^ to 3 8 CN 9 u. -J < ^— ^-i fe O o S CO m 5? CM CN CN Qi s ^ o i» 2 ^ ? Q- !^ Ul si 8i*{ CO i «"^ Ui —1 5? ^ > < _ ii 1 2 - 5 o UJ I P i ?? m U. o w O E 2 (0 o a u z < z a 2 O < p: ^ ^ M w UJ UJ > 111 ^ ? ? s s q: UJ 3 S UJ 2 2 (0 < 5 ? s < o o 0) (0 .< < — H (0 (tg 2 o S (0 p < o s 6 ?. < UJ a Q < • •(- ■t- +- 22 WDC-A, OCEANOGRAPHY DATA INFORMATION The preceeding section now lists primarily those data actually received directly by WDC-A from its international contributors, usually in either publications or in manuscript form. Data received in automated form from Data Centers (including the U.S. NODC), oceanographic institutions, or special project data centers are now identified and described in later sections of this Catalogue. LISTING OF ACCESSIONED DATA PUBLICATIONS WDC-A, Oceanography no longer publishes the yearly Supplements to the Cata- logue of Accessioned Publications: thus, the Center can no longer present a full correlation of the catalogued data with corresponding published references. The following Listing of Accessioned Data PubHcations now references by title and responsible institution all publications received during the period that contain cataloguable data; it cross-references data publication information with the per- tinent WDC-A Data Information Number. 23 LISTING OF ACCESSIONED DATA PUBLICATIONS WDC-A 3lica No. Publication Data Publication Title i^ES^'f^J^^K^ Information No, 06 CANADA 06.17-185 NOGAP B.6, Oxygen IsotopesData from Water and Ice Cores 106.22 O-05 from the Beaufort Sea, May 1992 (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay, Canadian Data Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, No. 149, 1997) (Microfiche) 06.17-186 WOCE Section P1W: Hydrographic Section through the Sea of 137.01 Q-02 Okhotsk (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C., Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, No. 183, 1997) (Microfiche) 06. 1 7-1 87 WOCE Section PI 5N Hydrographic Section of the Pacific 1 06.22 U-03 Ocean from Dutch Harbor, Alaska to American Samoa (Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C., Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, No. 184, 1997) (Microfiche) 14 GERMANY 14.02-250 Beobachtungen auf den Deutschen Mentation der Nord- und 214.01 Ostsee im Jahre 1994 (Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie, Meereskundliche Beobachtungen und Ergebnisse Nr. 82, 1997) 24 JAPAN 24.04-054 Data Record of Oceanographic Observations and Exploratory 124.02 B-68, Fishing, No. 41 (Hokkaido University, March 1998) 124.02 C-21 24.22-051 Oceanographic Data in the Greenland Sea and Around 124.31 C-01, Svalbard in 1991-1993 (NIPR Arctic Data Reports No. 3. 124.31 D-01, National Institute of Polar Researcher, Tokyo, March 1998) 124.31 E-01 24.25-022 Prompt Report of the Oceanographic and Maritime 124.11 D-76 Meteorological Observations in the Japan Sea in January to February 1997 (Oceanographic Prompt Report No. 399, Maizuru Marine Observatory, May 1997) 24 LISTING OF ACCESSIONED DATA PUBLICATIONS WDC-A Publication Data Publication Title No. WDC-A Data Information No. 24.25-023 Prompt Report of the Oceanographic and Maritime 124.1 1 D-76 Meteorological Observations in the Japan Sea in April to May 1997 (Oceanographic Prompt Report No. 400, Maizuru Marine Observatory, August 1997) 24.25-024 Prompt Report of the Oceanographic and Maritime 124.1 1 D-76 Meteorological Observations in the Japan Sea in June to August 1997 (Oceanographic Prompt Report No. 401, Maizuru Marine Observatory, October 1997) 24.25-025 Prompt Report of the Oceanographic and Maritime 1 24. 1 1 D-76 Meteorological Observations in the Japan Sea in October to November 1997 (Oceanographic Prompt Report No. 402, Maizuru Marine Observatory, February 1998) 24.25-026 Prompt Report of the Oceanographic and Maritime 1 24. 1 1 D-76 Meteorological Observations in the Japan Sea in December 1997 (Oceanographic Prompt Report No. 403, Maizuru Marine Observatory, April 1998) 39 UNITED STATES 39.01-344 Data Report, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Data, CalCOFI 139.08 V-24 Cruise 9702, 29 January - 15 February 1997; CalCOFI Cruise 139.23 Y-38 9704, 2 - 20 April 1997 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Reference 97-13, 13 December 1997) 39.01-345 Data Report, Physical, Chemical, and Biological Data, CalCOFI 139.08 V-25 Cruise 9608, 7 - 25 August 1996; CalCOFI Cruise 9610, 10 139.08 Y-01 October- 2 November 1996 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Reference 98-11, 16 May 1998) 43 KOREA 43.02-091 Annual Report of Oceanographic Observations for 1997 143.02 DD-04, (National Fisheries Research and Development Agency, 143.02 FF-02, Volume46, June 1998) 143.02 GG-02, 243.01 C-27, 243.01 F-05 25 y ^ International Data Acquisition and Exchange For the 40-year period since its inception during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), WDC-A, Oceanography has provided comprehensive tabulations of its yearly accessions and cumulative holdings as a reference standard by which the relative success of international oceanographic data exchange thru the WDC system (under both ICSU and lOC/IODE guidelines) can be measured. It has become increasingly apparent during recent years, however, that in order to main- tain consistency and continuity in this process, WDC-A must significantly modify its traditional approach to take into account changing conditions. The advent of data acquisition programs, such as the Global Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) Project, combined with enhanced capabilities to utilize CD-ROM tech- nology and electronic data transmission for the rapid exchange of large data sets, have resulted in a major infusion of data into WDC-A's data bases. A problem resulting from this obvious success story has been the difficulty that WDC-A has experienced in attempting to catalogue and tabulate these massive data sets, using standard (traditional) cataloguing procedures. Additionally, the sheer magnitude of many of these data sets (which may contain historical observa- tions taken over many years) often tends to overshadow the all-important yearly data accessions from WDC-A's regular contributors. To address these problems, WDC-A has evaluated its most recent yearly data accessions with a view toward the need to give proper recognition to its regular contributors, while at the same time attempting to provide somewhat more detail with regard to data sets re- ceived through programs such as GODAR. Through this process, the following general categories have been identified as repre- senting major components of WDC-A's International Marine Data Base (Figure 1): 1. Regular accessions from WDC-A contributors representing observations that can be catalogued using standard (traditional) cataloguingprocedures (Tables 1-4); 2. Historical data received under the aegis of the GODAR Program (Tables 5-7); 3. Data received in digital form through the co-located U.S. National Oceano- graphic Data Center (NODC) (Tables 8-1 1). The International Marine Data Base of WDC-A, Oceanography, then, as depicted in Figure 1, now comprises the Center's total data holdings - that is, it summa- rizes data holdings from all three categories. Category 1 is defined as the material already identified and described in Part II of this Catalogue; explanations are fur- ther expanded upon on Page 30. Brief descriptions foUow for Categories 2 and 3. 27 Global Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) Project The goal of the GODAR program is to augment the historical digital oceanographic data archives by seeking out and recovering manuscript and digital ocean data not yet included in the digital ocean databases accessible to the world research community. The term Data Archaeology and Rescue describes the two-part process of first identify- ing and locating the data, and then performing the necessary steps to merge them into a digital database. The enhanced historical ocean data archives resulting from this Project have led to improved ocean cHmatologies and have also supported more com- plete studies of ocean variability. The following activities are undertaken as a part of the GODAR process: — prepare inventories of data available only in manuscript or other analog form, as well as data not currently available in digital form at a national or World Data Center; — digitize data that now exist only in manuscript or other analog form; — ensure that all oceanographic data available for international exchange are archived in digital form; — perform Quality Control on all data; — make all data readily accessible to the international community. WDC-A has very substantially augmented its data bases through numerous GODAR contributions during recent years. Such contributions do not reflect, however, the total benefit derived from GODAR; many digitally-received GODAR contributions, that did not represent data "new" to WDC-A , were of equal importance because they repre- sented data sets previously received by the WDCs in manuscript form only, as well as "rescued" data that had been held by originators on magnetic media that were suscep- tible to loss by degradation. The basic premise of GODAR seems to engender a spirit of cooperation; many countries have contributed data that had previously been unavailable for international ex- change. GODAR has also presented an excellent opportunity for developing countries to become more intimately involved with the lODE data management process. GODAR has provided a mechanism with the implementation of Regional Workshops, through which developing countries can facilitate the processing, exchange, and pres- ervation of oceanographic data. Data Received in Digital Form through NODC WDC-A benefits significantly from its co-location with the U.S. National Oceano- graphic Data Center (NODC). In addition to providing automated data management services in support of WDC-A, the NODC is an excellent source of oceanographic data in digital form for national, as weU as international, data-gathering programs. Over the years, NODC has been a Special Project Data Center for numerous international cooperative investigations; this has led to the ready availability to WDC-A of many important international data sets in digital form. 28 Current Data 698,111 obs. (11.9%) Other 25,329 obs. (.4%) Biological Data 462,727 obs. (7.9%) Total: 5,859,789 obs. Figure 1. International Marine Data Base of WDC-A, Oceanography 29 WDC-A, Oceanography Data Base* Summaries Oceanographic Station Data Base Table 1 (page 31) summarizes the 1,351,841 oceanographic serial stations received by nation under which these data are catalogued. Nations from which no station data have been received are not hsted, although in some cases publications or other types of data may have been received. Bathythermograph Data Base Table 2 (page 33) summarizes the number of bathythermograph observa- tions received from the nation under which the data are catalogued. The number of cruises on which the data were observed is also listed. A total of 603,004 bathythermograph observations were taken during 9,278 cruises, which includes 277 observations received in 1998. Biological Data Base Table 3 (page 34) shows, by nation, the number of biological observations received by this Center since its inception and includes 1,830 observations received in 1998. A total of 173,405 observations, including plankton observations, primary productivity measurements, pigment concentration measurements, carbon- 14 meas- urements, and fishery observations, have been taken during 2,184 cruises. Surface and Subsurface Current Data Base Table 4 (page 35) summarizes, by nation, the number of surface and subsurface current measurements received by this Center since its inception. The total of 698,108 current measurements includes 113,598 subsurface and 584,510 surface measurements taken during 4,249 crviises. A total of 511 new current measurements were added in 1998. * Tabulations for these Data Bases (Tables 1 - 4) include cumulative historical and contemporary accessions of data from regular exchanges with WDC-A contributors, and represent only observations that could be catalogued using standard catalogu- ing procedures. Recent data accessions from the GODAR Program and of digital data sets from NODC are not included in Tables 1-4. 30 Oceanographic Station Data Base Table 1. ~ Number of oceanographic serial stations received by WDC-A, Oceanography, from various nations Stations Received Total Stations Total Stations Nation in 1998 on Hand on Hand prior to 1998 at end of 1998 1. Argentina __ 2,833 2,833 2. Australia — 19,256 19,256 3. Belgium — 4,941 4,941 4. Brazil — 7,496 7,496 6. Canada — 75,904 75,904 7. Chile — 1,048 1,048 8. Colombia — 1,267 1,267 9. Denmark — 40,701 40,701 10. Ecuador — 2,234 2,234 11. Finland — 39,194 39,194 12. Taiwan — 693 693 13. France ~ 23,399 23,399 14. Germany 2,279 66,136 68,415 16. Ghana ~ 2,772 2,772 18. Iceland — 10,567 10,567 19. India — 2,094 2,094 20. Indonesia -- 2,352 2,352 21. Ireland — 2,553 2,553 22. Israel — 2,410 2,410 23. Italy ~ 4,160 4,160 24. Japan 966 417,998 418,964 25. Mexico ~ 1,517 1,517 26. Netheriands -- 10,377 10,377 27. New Zealand — 1,941 1,941 28. Norway ~ 40,152 40,152 29. Pakistan ~ 174 174 30. Peru ~ 4,016 4,016 31. Philippines " 199 199 (continued) 31 Oceanographic Station Data Base Table 1. ~ Number of oceanographic serial stations received by WDC-A, Oceanography, from various nations (continued) Stations Received Total Stations Total Stations Nation in 1998 on Hand on Hand prior to 1998 at end of 1998 32. Poland __ 9,174 9,174 33. Portugal — 3,959 3,959 34. Spain — 1,931 1,931 35. Sweden ~ 56,975 56,975 36. South Africa __ 16,046 16,046 37. Russia 38 109,492 109,530 38. United Kingdom ~ 51,911 51,911 39. United States 288 223,293 223,581 42. Yugoslavia ~ 8,292 8,292 43. Korea 1,183 47,339 48,522 44. Ivory Coast ~ 4,196 4,196 45. Nigeria ~ 997 997 46. Congo (P. Rep.) — 5,302 5,302 47. Malaysia ~ 150 150 48. Malagasy Republic ~ 1,311 1,311 49. Morocco — 9 9 50. Senegal — 1,795 1,795 51. Thailand ~ 2,311 2,311 52. Turkey ~ 637 637 53. Venezuela ~ 2,184 2,184 60. Cuba — 812 812 63. Romania ~ 355 355 64. Egypt ~ 308 308 68. Greece ~ 217 217 71. Tunisia ~ 157 157 73. China (P. Rep.) ~ 9,139 9,139 75. Mauritania ~ 411 411 Totals 4,754 1,347,087 1,351,841 32 Table 2. Bathythermograph Data Base Number of bathythermograph observations received by WDC-A, Oceanography, from various nations thru 1998 Nation No. of cruises Type of data format Mechanical BT Expendable BT Total Analog Tabular Analog Tabular 1. Argentina 79 4,050 3,688 -- 603 8,341 2. Australia 683 " 9,460 1 28,234 37,695 3. Belgium 2 ■- 15 -- -■ 15 4. Brazil 7 43 85 " 485 613 6. Canada 1,678 21,248 469 -- 44,627 66,344 7. Chile 8 846 " -- 165 1,011 8. Colombia 2 316 .. -- ■• 316 9. Denmark 2 70 " -- — 70 10. Ecuador 11 — .- -- 405 405 11. Finland 2 124 168 -- -- 292 13. France 169 352 -- -- 8,480 8,832 14. Germany 395 59 14,258 -- 19,537 33,854 16. Ghana 1 12 -- -- " 12 18. Iceland 50 124 7,075 -- -- 7,199 19. India 2 " 351 -- 522 873 20. Indonesia 13 162 118 -- -- 280 23. Italy 24 879 561 72 282 1,794 24. Japan 3,390 -- 166,878 -- 59,668 226,269 25. Mexico 23 -- -- -- 378 378 26. Netherlands 67 675 -- •- 3,942 4,617 27. New Zealand 21 -- -- -- 1,108 1,108 28. Norway 14 82 158 -- 462 702 29. Pakistan 2 — 65 -- -- 65 30. Peru 31 .. .. .. 970 970 31. Philippines 1 " -- -- 8 8 32. Poland 7 -- 153 -- 279 432 33. Portugal 24 448 2,725 12 194 3,379 34. Spain 6 194 -- -- 225 419 35. Sweden 6 10 57 .. 612 679 36. South Africa 2 -- -. -- 140 140 37. Russia 115 428 12,395 -- 5,388 18,211 38. United Kingdom 1,380 276 44,973 -- 17,844 63,093 39. United States 942 36,114 3,489 646 59,997 100,246 43. Korea (Rep. of) 28 -- 1,427 -- 276 1,703 44. Ivory Coast 6 618 -- -- 618 45. Nigeria 6 1,011 20 -- 1,031 46. Congo (P. Rep.) 21 2,389 83 -. 2,472 48. Malagasy Rep. 10 476 .. .. 476 50. Senegal 8 730 -. -. 730 70. Sierra Leone 2 194 .. .. 194 71. Tunisia 1 • ■ 121 .. 121 73. China (P. Rep.) 7 " -. -. 620 620 99. Ships of Opportunity (International) 30 ■■ ■■ •• 6,100 6.100 Total 9,278 71,930 268,792 731 261,551 603,004 33 Biological Data Base Table 3. - Number of biological observations received by WDC-A, Oceanography, from various nations thru 1998 No. of Type of observation Nation Primary cruises Plankton Productivity Pigments C-14 Fishery 1 Argentina 13 452 47 233 129 __ 2 Austraha 64 1,527 1,599 1,738 — 2,666 4 Brazil 16 754 — 175 — 36 6 Canada 58 1,342 669 1,303 47 100 8 Colombia 7 181 — 496 — — 10 Ecuador 3 895 191 116 — — 12 Taiwan 3 98 — 98 — 15 13 France 28 720 288 510 43 92 14 Germany 26 594 238 2,901 1,552 731 19 India 12 424 — — — — 20 Indonesia 61 2,004 5 702 — 7 22 Israel 1 58 — — — — 23 Italy 1 18 18 18 — — 24 Japan 1,256 43,589 180 24,446 30 7,996 25 Mexico 14 111 13 404 — — 26 Netherlands 2 150 24 36 — — 27 New Zealand 1 46 — 69 71 — 29 Pakistan 1 14 — — — — 30 Peru 7 517 3 27 10 12 32 Poland 1 — — 81 — — 33 Portugal 5 351 — 128 — 57 34 Spain 7 66 87 175 — 27 35 Sweden 1 — 18 — — — 36 South Africa 22 985 165 356 — — 37 Russia 12 3,837 743 262 — 389 38 United Kingdom 6 416 — 99 — — 39 United States 319 12,003 5,858 13,821 745 4,445 42 Yugoslavia 1 167 — — — — 43 Korea (Rep. of) 186 20,634 — — — — 44 Ivory Coast 3 27 7 — — 1 45 Nigeria 6 5 4 — — 2,018 46 Congo (P. Rep.) 4 24 93 70 — 1 48 Malagasy Rep. 9 84 54 54 — — 50 Senegal 11 34 — 477 — 258 60 Cuba 1 — 37 — — — 63 Romania 10 261 — — — — 64 Arab Rep . of Egypt 2 — — — — 188 71 Greece 1 3 4 — — — 73 China (P. Rep.) 2 — 68 139 — — 75 Mauritania 1 — — — — 1 Total 2,184 92,391 10,413 48,934 2,627 19,040 34 Surface and Subsurface Current Data Base Table 4. -- Number of surface and subsurface current measurements received by WDC-A, Oceanography, from various nations thru 1998 Nation No. of cruises Subsurface Surface 2. Australia 50 1,663 4. Brazil 1 83 — 6. Canada 21 1,558 1,052 9. Denmark 62 — 20,184 10. Ecuador 1 46 9 11. Finland 6 5,472 5708 13. France 20 6,450 632 14. Germany 115 10,794 327,348 20. Indonesia 13 177 40 23. Italy 2 782 — 24. Japan 3,631 18,302 191,036 25. Mexico 6 6,816 26. Netherlands 21 10,242 28. Norway 6 2,691 86 32. Poland 2 291 — 33. Portugal 4 74 — 35. Sweden 116 22,751 24,237 37. Russia 49 20,660 1,510 38. United Kingdom 9 799 258 39. United States 58 4,493 4,940 42. Yugoslavia 25 603 149 43. Korea (Rep. of) 2 — 284 44. Ivory Coast 3 44 140 46. Congo (P. Rep.) 3 218 48. Malagasy Rep. 1 24 24 52. Turkey 1 5,095 40 63. Romania 19 284 17 Total 4,249 113,598 584,510 35 Table 5. Oceanographic station data received through GODAR, 1998 NATION DATA SET NO. OF STATIONS Canada North Adantic Botde data, 1966 - 1985 625 Canada Pacific and Atlantic Cl'Ds, 1990 - 1996 9,700 Canada Vancouver Island 263 France SISMER, CTD and Bottle data 1,968 Germany CTD and Bottle data from 1920 - 1989 54,496 Germany Southern Oceans C IDs 1,672 Italy Adriatic Biogeochemical Dataset 5,505 P. Rep. of China East and South China Seas 6,462 Russia VNIRO, Kara Sea 72 Russia VNIRO, 1897, 1967 - 1996 1,051 Russia Murmansk Observation Center for Environmental Pollution, Barents and Norwegian Seas 568 Russia Institute of Experimental Meteorology 2,278 Russia OB, FEDOROV snd ZUBOV cruises 164 Russia 1947-1948 Barents Sea Bottle data 1,232 Ukraine N. Atlantic Current Sections Bottle data 2,880 Ukraine Sections near Odessa 3,315 United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Profile Data Cards 70,982 ♦ United Kingdom Hydrographic Office Surface Data Cards 336,939 * * These totals represent the numbers of observations digitized during OCLAVDC-A's Data Rescue Project to scan and digitize the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office's historical collection of Surface and Profile Data Cards 36 Table 6. Bathythennograph observations received through GODAR, 1998 NATION DATA SET NO. OF OBS. Russia P. Rep. of China YugNiro MBTs East and South China Seas XBTs 105 3,969 Table 7. Biological observations received through GODAR, 1998 NATION DATA SET NO. OF OBS. Canada Vancouver Island biochemistry 566 Canada North Atlantic Biochemical data 1,488 Italy Adriatic Biogeochemical Dataset 633 Russia Kara Sea, 1936 Plankton 69 United States NE Pacific (University of Hawaii) 188 United States MARMAP Chlorophyll Data Base, NW Atlantic 9,118 37 Table 8. Oceanographic station data received through NODC, 1998 NATTON DATA SET NO. OF STATIONS United States Mamala Bay Project 25 United States U. Alaska , Inst. MarineScience 39 United States BIOWATT-87, Lamont-Doherty 59 United States National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center Trawl Surveys 3,113 United States SIO Coastal Studies Center 300 United States Bermuda Biological Station 741 United States North Carolina Coast 36 United States NSF, Polar Programs 157 United States GLOBEC Project 761 United States New Hampshire Coast/Open Ocean 114 United States Santa Monica Bay, California 15,659 United States JGOFS / ArabianSea 1,360 United States CalCOFI Cruises 288 United States Kokohead shoreline, Oahu, Hawaii 3,227 United States CUEA 341 United States CRETM/Land Margin Ecosystem Research Project 9,559 United States FOCI 789 United States Oregon Coastline 33 United States Southern California Bight 472 United States Resurection Bay, AK Time series 175 United States NOAA/NMFS, Georges Bank 718 United States NOAA/NOS, US East Coast 275 38 Table 9. Bathythermograph observations received through NODC, 1998 NATION DATA SET NO. OF OBS. Australia CSIRO, Pacific and Indian Ocean 2,963 Australia Royal Australian Navy, Pacific and Indian Ocean 4,101 France IFREMER data holdings 1,327 United States Shipboard Environmental Data Acquisition System (SEAS), Ships of Opportunity Program 15,726 United States NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center Trawl Surveys 7,037 United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography 3,869 ^^■l 39 Table 10. Current Meter data sets received through NODC, 1998 NATION DATA SET PERIOD Canada RNODC Drifting Buoy 1993 - 1997 Canada N. Atlantic Nov 1976 - Apr 1980 United States N.E. Pacific October 1998 United States N.E. Pacific September 1998 United States Red Tides Program, Gulf of Maine Mar -Jul 1993 United States NE Greenland Shelf, Polynya Project Jul 1992 - Jul 1993 United States Massachussetts & Cape Cod Bays Jan 1990 -Jun 1991 United States GLOBEC- Georges Bank Jan 1995 -Dec 1996 United States GLOBEC- Georges Bank Mar - Jun 1995 United States EPOCS Program Apr 1994 -Mar 1995 United States JGOFS - Arabian Sea Jul -Nov 1995 United States Hawai Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment May - Dec 1997 United States GLOBEC- Georges Bank Jan - Oct 1996 United States Red Tides Program, Gulf of Maine Feb -Nov 1994 United States Southern California Bight Oct 1985 - Apr 1989 United States Drifting buoys along U.S. Coasts Dec 1997 -May 1998 United States VENTS Project Jun 1996 -Jul 1997 United States VENTS Project Oct 1997 -Aug 1998 United States West Maui Watershed Management, Algal Bloom Studies Sep 1994 -Apr 1996 40 Table 11. Biological observations received through NODC, 1998 NATION DATA SET NO. OF OBS. United States Arabian Sea biomass 122 United States Arabian Sea biomass/zooplankton 29 United States Arabian Sea chlorophyll (LIDAR) 139,000 United States Arabian Sea pigments 471 United States Arabian Sea plankton 466 United States Arabian Sea primary productivity 202 United States CalCOFI productivity 288 United States Labrador Sea plankton 33 United States Mamala Bay (Oahu, HI) bacteria/water quality 77 United States Mamala Bay benthos 36 United States Mamala Bay biota 120 United States North Pacific productivity 68 United States Oregon Coast 253 United States PROBES zooplankton 1,080 United States Prince William Sound plankton 2,000 United States South California Bight benthos 252 United States Washington Coast benthos 160 United States Venezuela Coast biology 5 41 Number of Oceanographic Stations Received at WDC-A by Year ^■^ oo - ■■■I O) —-■ ■^ ^ »H HH ■■H ^H S IB ^ O) ■■ ■d S ■■■ Hd H^ 00 1. ^S3$ 3 > o 00 HHri ^^ oo H i o >-^ 9i 2 00 C\ OS 1—1 f o :S -^ ON ON 1—1 ^■1 ^ ■d HH ;:t ■ HH ^^ CM ■■ pn^ ^B 00 (O ^H ^ ^8 1 D C D C D C D C su D C D C D C D C D C t 0 3 c D C D C D C D C 0 C 0 jaquii IN c c c c c T D D O 42 Number of Bathythermographs Received at WDC-A by Year ii P ^ ■■■ ■nnniii '^ ^■^■n oi ^^^Mh ^^■^^■B ■^^■■■i d o^ j d o^ ■ 1 °° 1 1^1 00 n Hirai| 00 w 1 ^ n °° 1 J °° % Q W Q O c^ U o (U T3 _3 O c CO o oo ON ON J= oo 3 o -C ♦-' '^ ON On I 1 ^ ■ ij P: ■ 1 ^ 1 1 r2 ■ 1 ;:: c c c c c a D c D C D C D C D C D CI S 3 C D C D C D C D C uo!)eAjasq( D C D C D C D C D C t C 3 ^o jaqiun D D N o 43 PART IV DATA HOLDINGS OF RNODC's AND SPECIALIZED DATA CENTERS DATA HOLDINGS of RNODC's and SPECIALIZED DATA CENTERS This section of the Change Notice provides information on the availability of specialized data sets prepared by the various Responsible National Oceanographic Data Centers (RNODC's) and other Specialized Data Centers. Normally, only those data sets that have actually been received by WDC-A, Oceanography are described in this section; WDC-A can provide digital copies of these data sets either in the originator's format or in the prescribed international exchange format. These data products are not described in the usual manner in the Catalogue portion of the Change Notice (except for certain separately-identified cruises that are also included in data sets such as FOY), as the data are not always merged with the standard WDC-A, Oceanography data bases. Thus they constitute a suite of data products, prepared by RNODC's and other Specialized Data Centers, that are separate and distinct from the standard data types regularly catalogued in the Change Notices and normally available from WDC-A. Such data products are not necessarily intended to be routinely exchanged by the WDC's under normal international data exchange guidelines. They may be voluminous or costly to prepare and, thus, may be precluded from regular data exchanges between WDC's and their exchange cooperators. Data sets in automated form are available from the WDC's usually at a cost not to exceed the cost of reproduction and postage. MEDALPEX RNODC FOY FGGE OPERATIONAL YEAR GLOBAL OCEAN CLIMATE DATA BASE The Global Ocean Climate Data Base is avail- able from the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) which served as the Responsible National Oceanographic Data Center for the FGGE* Operational Year (RNODC/FOY). The Global Ocean Chmate Data Base is a collection of oceangraphic data submitted to NODC by 17 different countries. Although the formal FGGE Operational Year was from 1 December 1978 to 30 November 1979, the data set covers the extended FOY period from 1 September 1978 to 29 February 1980. The data base includes four types of data: (1) oceanographic hydrocast (bottle) data, (2) con- ductivity/ sahnity-temperature-depth (C/STD) data, (3) expendable bathythermograph (XBT) *FGGE = First GARP Global Experiment, also known as the Global Weather Experiment. GARP = Global Atmosphere Research Program. data, and (4) Eulerian currrent (current meter) data. The data are recorded on magnetic tape in two different formats: (1) the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission General Exchange Format 3 (GF3) and (2) NODC archive formats (different format for each of the four types of data). In GF3 the data base comprises eight magnetic tapes; in the NODC formats the data base comprises four tapes. The FGGE Operational Year was the culmina- tion of a series of international ocean/atmos- phere research programs conducted in the 1970's. This effort, in turn, was a steppingstone toward the increasingly ambitious and large- scale research and monitoring programs of the 1980's and 1990's that are directed toward fuller understanding of tropical dynamics and their influence on global ocean/atmosphere phenom- ena. 46 The FGGE/FOY Data Base The FGGE/FOY Global Ocean Climate Data Base temperature profiles; and 294 months of time- compiled by the RNODC contains: 10,413 Oceano- series data from current meter moorings. The graphic hydrocast (bottle) stations; 4,030 CTD/STD sources of these data are summarized in Table 1. casts; 28,733 expendable bathythermograph (XBT) Table 1. FGGE Operational Year Global Ocean Climate Data Base Country Data Type Oceanographic Stations (stations) CTD/STD (stations) XBT (stations) Current Meter (meter-months) Austraha • ■» -■ 2,754 ■■ Canada 324 -- 507 - People's RepubUc of China 318 -- •- " RepubUc of the Congo 307 - - ~ France -- - 307 -- German Democratic RepubUc 74 " " " Federal RepubUc of Germany " -- 1,366 -- Ghana 335 " ~ " Italy -- -- 55 -- Japan 1,138 -- 832 -- PhiUppines -- -- 8 -- Poland 87 -- 267 -• RepubUc of South Africa • ■ " 56 -- Spain " " 180 -- UK -- 64 944 -• USA 1,271 3,966 20,727 294 USSR 6,559 ■• 730 - TOTAL 10,413 4,030 28,733 294 47 Table 2 lists the number of tapes included in the tapes or only the tape(s) for one or more of the data set. Customers may order the entire set of four different data types in either of the two format options. Table 2. FOY Global Ocean Climate Data Tapes Number of Tapes Data Type Data Quantity GF3 Format (1600 bpi) NODC Format (6250 bpi) Oceanographic Station (hydrocast) 10,413 stations (128 cruises) 2 1 CTD/STD 4,030 stations (62 cruises) 1 1 XBT 28,733 stations (571 cruises) 3 I Current Meter 294 months (27 meters) 2 1 TOTAL 8 4 Data Availability Copies of the FOY Global Ocean Climate Data Set are available from the RNODC as ASCII files on floppy disk or via FTP over the internet: World Data Center A, Oceanography NOAA Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282, USA Telephone: 301-713-3295 FAX: 301-713-3303 E-mail: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 48 RNODC MEDALPEX (Sea Level) MEDITERRANEAN ALPINE EXPERIMENT SEA LEVEL DATA SET In 1975, the IOC decided to support the development of an oceanographic program in the Mediterranean during the GARP Alpine Experiment (ALPEX). The MEDALPEX project took place between 1 September 1981 and 30 September 1982, with a special period of observation from 15 February 1982 to 30 April 1982. It was a multi-national project involving scientists from 7 countries. The main purpose of MEDALPEX was to increase understanding of the effect of wind forcing on the dynamics of the western part of the Mediterranean Basin. Specific studies were undertaken, each having a particular scientific objective in- cluding: 1. The interrelationship between the general circulation and mesoscale eddies 2. Offshore dynamic response mechanisms under severe weather conditions 3. Storm surges and the piling up of water, especially in the Adriatic and Ligurian seas The measurement of sea level was considered to be an important component of the observation program to support these studies. A wide range of other types of oceanographic data were also collected, including classical and synoptic meteorologi- cal measurements, data collected using remote sensing techniques and data from current meters, thermistor chains, waverider buoys, CTDs and XBTs. The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) was requested by IOC to fulfil the role of the Responsible National Oceanographic Data Center for the MEDALPEX sea level data. The work was under-taken on behalf of PSMSL by the Marine Information and Advisory Service (MIAS) - U.K.'s national oceanographic data center (now the British Oceanographic Data Centre.) Sea level data were submitted to MIAS from 29 of the 40 MEDALPEX sites. An inventory of the data is given on the following page. Measurements from 28 of the sites were taken using conventional stilling wells and, with one exception, were supplied to MIAS as hourly values. Data from the remaining site, off the coast of Corsica, were collected by an Aanderaa water level recorder at half-hourly intervals. 49 INVENTORY OF DATA RECEIVED BY MEDALPEX SEA LEVEL DATA CENTER SHE LATITUDE LONGITUDE START SERIFS CYCLE DAIE DURATION BNIERVAL DDD MM.MH DDD MM.MH DDMWYY WEEKS SECS CADIZ 36 32.0N 6 17.0W 01/09/81 56 3600 TARIFA 36 O.ON 5 36. OW 01/09/81 56 3600 GIBRALTAR 36 8. ON 5 21.0W 01/09/81 56 3600 CEUTA 35 54. ON 5 19.0W 01/09/81 56 3600 ALGECIRAS 36 7. ON 5 26. OW 01/09/81 56 3600 PUERTOS BANUS 36 37. ON 4 55. OW NO DATA MATAGA 36 43.0N 4 25. OW 01/09/81 56 3600 ALMERIA 36 49. 7N 2 29. 2W 14/08/81 58 3600 CARTEGENA 37 36. ON 0 59. OW NO DATA ALICANTE I 38 20. 3N 0 30. 4W 23/08/81 60 3600 ALICANTE III 38 20. 3N 0 30. 7 W 28/08/81 60 3600 PALMA DE MALLORCA 39 33. ON 2 38. OE 01/09/81 56 3600 BLANES 41 41.0N 2 48. OE NO TIDE GAUGE ROSAS 42 15.0N 3 ll.OE NO TIDE GAUGE PORTVENDRES 42 31.0N 3 6.0E 28/12/81 39 3600 SETE 43 25. ON 3 43.0E NO DATA FOS 43 25.0N 4 46. OE NO DATA TOULON 43 7.0N 5 55.0E 30/08/81 56 3600 NICE 43 42. ON 7 16. OE 03/07/81 68 3600 MONACO 43 44. ON 7 25. OE 29/06/81 69 3600 OFFSHORE 42 34. 8N 8 44. OE 06/04/82 18 1800 NEAR CALVI 42 34.8N 8 44.0E 29/07/82 9 1800 AJACCIO 41 55.0N 8 43. OE 30/08/81 49 3600 CAGLIARI 39 13.0N 9 8.0E NO DATA SAVONA 44 18. ON 8 28.0E NO DATA GENOVA 44 24. ON 8 54. OE 31/08/81 58 3600 LASPEZIA 44 7. ON 9 48. OE NO DATA LIVORNO 43 33. 2N 10 18.2E 31/08/81 49 3600 CIVITAVECCHIA 42 5.7N 11 47. 4E 25/08/81 22 3600 NAPOLI 40 50. 4N 14 16.2E 31/08/81 56 3600 PALERMO 38 8. ON 13 23.0E NO DATA ANCONA 43 37.0N 13 31.0E 01/09/81 56 3600 PTO CORSINI 44 35.0N 12 20.0E NO DATA VENEZIA 45 26.0N 12 20.0E 01/01/81 104 3600 KOPER 45 33.0N 13 44.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 ROVINJ 45 5.0N 13 38.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 BAKAR 45 18.0N 14 32.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 ZADAR 44 5.4N 15 16.3E 28/02/82 9 3600 NOVALJA 44 33.3N 14 13.2E 28/02/82 9 3600 SPLIT 43 30. ON 16 26.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 DUBROVNIK 42 40. ON 18 4.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 BAR 42 5. ON 19 5.0E 28/02/82 9 3600 50 In compiling the dataset, MIAS translated all incoming data into a common format with elevation values standardized to meters and times to GMT. The data for each site were plotted as a time series and checks were carried out for gaps or constant values, spikes, spurious data or punching errors. Further checks were carried out by tidally analyzing and low pass filtering the data. Non-tidal fluctuations were investigated using principal component analysis. Qualifying information applicable to the data from each site was checked for inconsistencies and completeness, and appropriate documentation was stored with the data in the form of plain language records. The complete quality controlled dataset, including documentation, has been stored on a single magnetic tape formatted in GF3, the IOC's standard format for the exchange of oceanographic data. A copy of the data set may be obtained as ASCII files on floppy disk or via FTP over the internet from: World Data Center A, Oceanography NOAA Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. E-mail: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov or RNODC/MEDALPEX Sea Level Data BODC Bidston Observatory Merseyside L43 7RA U.K. E-mail: bodcmail@ua.nbi.ac.uk 51 RNODC DRIBU RNODC FOR DRIFTING BUOYS Background The Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) began operation of the RNODC/Drifting Buoy Data in January 1986. The RNODC acquires Drifting Buoy Data from worldwide sources, makes the data available to international scientific programs, and prepares geographical plots of Drifting Buoy locations and tracks for the world oceans on a monthly basis. The RNODC also provides monthly statistics of operational buoys and the number of messages received from them. Acquisition of Drifting Buov Data There are three procedures by which Drifting Buoy Data are received by the RNODC. The first and more traditional is for the principal investigator to submit his data directly to the RNODC, or to his National Oceanographic Data Centre which in turn submits the data to the RNODC. For historical data sets, this is the only option available. Data received in this way are usually of the highest quality, since they have undergone the most discriminating calibration and qual- ity control procedures under the direction of the principal investigator; however, data entering the system in this manner are not sufficiently timely to meet the operational requirements of the major global science programs. The second path for data flow to the RNODC is via the GTS. An advantage of this procedure is that the data are available in time scales suitable for the opera- tional requirements of researchers in programs such as TOGA and WOCE, as weU as for other operational users such as meteorological forecasters. Data received in this way may be less accurate, because they have not been fully reviewed and assessed by the principal investigator. For drifting buoy data, there is also a problem in that using the DRIBU format on the GTS for some buoys may Hmit the data that can be transmitted, because of a requirement to restrict the infor- mation to 256 bits. A third procedure involves retrieving the DRIBU data as they pass through Ser- vices ARGOS. Although these data stiQ have not been reviewed and assessed by the principal investigator, they are an improvement over the GTS data in that both time of observation and position time are available to improve velocity calcu- lations. Data received by Service ARGOS axe stored on magnetic tape for a pe- riod of 90 days. After this time, the tapes are reused and the data then reside solely in the hands of the principal investigators. Canada and the United States 52 have agreed to share the cost of buying copies of these tapes for the RNODC. Data from a buoy can only be provided to the RNODC if the principal investigator has given consent in writing. RNODC/Drifting Buoy Data Base MEDS utilizes a hierarchical database, called System 2000, to store the drifting buoy data; because of the volume of data, each year of data is stored in its own data base. In order to provide services to users at all time scales and to have available at each time scale the best data possible, the RNODC has decided to accept all data using the following hierarchical guidelines: 1. Where possible. Principal Investigators are requested to make their data available to other operational users and to the RNODC by having the data transmitted on the GTS. The RNODC will copy all available data from the GTS, quality control it, and update it into the data base on a weekly basis. 2. Principal Investigators are also requested to agree to have Service ARGOS provide a copy of their data to MEDS via tape each month whether or not those data have already been on the GTS. The data circulated on the GTS have only the one time included which poses a difficulty in calculating velocities. Thus, the tape data with the two times is an improvement to the database and wiU be used to replace the GTS data in the database. In addition, data will be picked up which could not be circulated on the GTS because of the format of the transmission from the buoy. If Service Argos has not already been suppHed with the calibration constants, channel allocations, and algorithms, or has not been requested to make the conversions to physical units, there will be a requirement for the RNODC to obtain this information from the principal investigators. Principal investigators are reminded that if the sensor data cannot be made available, the position data itself is of value for the database. 3. Principal Investigators are requested to provide a copy of their Drifting Buoy Data either directly to the RNODC when the fuUy processed, quality controlled version is available, or to provide the data to their National Oceanographic Data Centre, where the RNODC will be requesting such data on a regular basis. Data received by this path will replace GTS or Service ARGOS versions of the data in the database. By receiving data in the configuration set forth above, and replacing earUer, lower quality data as higher quality versions of the data arrive, the RNODC can offer users a choice between timeliness and quality, as dictated by their particular requirements. 53 The RNODC recognizes that in some cases there exists a need to restrict distri- bution of data to protect a scientist's right to benefit first fi:om collection activities carried out at considerable effort and cost. It is noted that the large international experiments generally have data exchange agreements that state when the data are available to other participants and to those outside the program. The RNODC will honor such data exchange agreements and will, at a scientist's request, restrict fiirther distribution of the data according to the terms of the pertinent agreement. In regard to data from individual scientists, bilateral agreements on further distribution of data for a period of up to two years can also be made. RNODC Services As mentioned earUer, the RNODC maintains its drifting buoy data in a data base structure. This provides maximum flexibility when meeting a request. While a number of different qualifiers may be used to retrieve data, the most common are area and time. Requesters may also specify all data or only those which have passed the quality control procedures. On output, the data can be written on various computer media, such as computer diskette, CD-ROM, 8-mm cartridge, DAT and DLT tapes, in a stsmdard subset of the GF3 formatting system or in some other agreed ad hoc character format. In choosing the data format, users should be aware that the GF3 Formatting System is supported by a powerful and growing software system which is available for many of the more widely used host computers. Note that the data can also be downloaded using File Transfer Protocol (FTP) over the Internet. Each month, the RNODC publishes a summary of the data it has received in real time; also produced are global maps of drifting buoy tracks for the previous month. These maps are issued regularly on a monthly basis. Anyone wishing to receive this summary should contact the RNODC. There is no charge to receive this product. To obtain the RNODC Drifting Buoy Data Set, requesters should contact one of the following: RNODC for Drifting Buoy Data Marine Environmental Data Service Department of Fisheries and Oceans 200 Kent Street Ottawa K1A0E6 Canada World Data Center A, Oceanography NOAA Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Telephone: 613-990-0243 FAX: 613-993-4658 Email: services@meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca Telephone: 301-713-3295 FAX: 301-713-3303 Email: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 54 TROPICAL OCEAN and GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE PROGRAMME TOGA Background A major component of the TOGA International Implementation Plan was the monitoring of the global atmosphere and the upper layers of the three tropical oceans during the ten -year period of 1985-1994. Existing meteorological and oceanographic observation systems were maintained and expanded by TOGA, while new networks were also installed in key locations. These observations, along with available historical data, have provided a description of the ocean- chmate system and its variabihty from sub-seasonal to interannual scales. TOGA Tropical Subsurface Data Centers The TOGA Tropical Subsurface Data Centre in Brest, France operated within the framework of both the IOC's International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (lODE) system and the Joint lOC-WMO Integrated Global Ocean Ser- vices System (IGOSS). This Centre has been continued for the WOCE program as the Global Subsurface Data Centre. The Centre collects subsurface ocean observa- tions from the following sources: (1) tropical oceans observations from the IGOSS network; (2) additional vertical temperature profiles from XBT's and from drifting or moored buoys with thermistor chains, not sent over the GTS; (3) time series of temperature and sahnity at fixed depth from moored thermistor chains; (4) sur- face temperature and saUnity data and vertical profiles of temperature and salin- ity from CTD's, bottle casts, and WCTD's; and (5) other subsurface ocean mea- surements from process-oriented intensive oceanographic observation projects in the tropical oceans. Initially, data are collected from radio transmissions, with fully digitized and quahty controlled observations added with time. The subsurface thermal data described above are analyzed, and the Centre assembles and disseminates qual- ity-controUed Level II-B data sets for the Global Oceans. The Centre is also re- 65 sponsible for provision of these data sets to the World Data Centers, Oceanogra- phy at appropriate intervals. WDC-A, by virtue of its collocation with the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), also has access to the Tropical Pacific Ocean data set jointly maintained by NODC and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), serving as the Joint Environmental Data Analysis (JEDA) Center. JEDA tracks, acquires, quality controls, and merges all available subsurface thermal data for the Tropical Pacific. NODC assembles, reformats and initiates quality control of the data; SIO performs further quahty control and analysis of the data. Each yearly Level II-B Pacific Ocean data set undergoes the fuU spectrum of quahty control and analysis by the JEDA Center; it is then provided to WDC-A. TOGA Sea Level Center The TOGA Project, realizing the importance of sea level data for research in ocean dynamics and for the monitoring and prediction of oceanographic processes, estab- lished a TOGA Sea Level Center at the University of Hawaii. The purpose of this Center to coUect all sea level data taken by island-based and coastal tide gauges in the area between SO^'N and 30°S during the TOGA project, and to make them available for research. The TOGA Sea Level Center also obtains and archives past sea level data for the same region, when they are made available from the origina- tors. Hourly, daily, and monthly values are prepared and archived, the data are stored digitally and are passed on yearly to other TOGA data centers, to the Per- manent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL), and to the World Data Centers, Oceanography; The Archive is maintained online, with access through the World Wide Web adn FTP. The TOGA Sea Level Center also supports the Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS). Sea level data has assumed greater impor- tance because of its utilization in the calibration of satellite altimeters, such as GEOSAT. Since the conclusion of the TOGA program, many of the observing stations have continued to provide sea level data on a regular basis. Through the creation of the Joint Archive for Sea Level (JASL) with the Univer- sity of Hawaii, the U.S. NODC is providing data management for this effort and assisting in the acquisition, processing, quality assurance, archiving, and dissemi- nation of the data. The Joint Archive for Sea Level submits sea level time series data updates to NODC on a yearly basis. These updates may include data firom new stations, as well as previously unprocessed data fi:om existing stations. In addition, the updates may include data previously submitted to NODC that have been reprocessed to improve data quahty. Therefore, to update the sea level data files for a station already in the database, NODC completely replaces the time series of data for that station with a new version that may include both new and reprocessed data. 56 TOGA TAP Array The TOGA TAO (Tropical Atmosphere Ocean) Array provided measurements of surface winds, air temperature, humidity, SST, upper-ocean temperatures and currents. This mooring array was estabhshed by TOGA in the Equatorial Pacific. The array is comprised of the ATLAS (Autonomous Temperature Line Acquisition System) wind and thermistor chain moorings and the PROTEUS (PROfile TElemetry of Upper ocean currents) downward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) current measurement system. For the ATLAS moorings, surface winds, air temperature, humidity, SST, and sub-surface temperature at 10 depths down to 500 m are telemetered to shore via Service Argos serveral times a day, and for PROTEUS, daily-averaged velocity profiles with 8 m vertical resolution between 10 - 250 m are telemetered to shore in real time via Service Argos. Since the conclusion of the TOGA program, TAO coverage in the tropical oceans has been significantly enhanced, NODC receives periodic updates to the TAO Array data set; WDC-A provides updates of this data set to its counterpart WDCs. WDC-A, Oceanographv Support to TOGA WDC-A, Oceanography serves as an archival center for each of these TOGA Data Sets. Its responsibihties are to provide TOGA data sets to requesters in the inter- national scientific community, at a cost not to exceed that of data reproduction and postage, and to provide copies of aU TOGA data sets received to World Data Centers B and D, Oceanography in exchange. TOGA data and information are available from the following Specialized Data Centers: Global Subsurface Data Centre Centre IFREMER de Brest BP70 29263 Plouzane, France Email: Marie. Claire. Fabri@i£remer.fr JEDA Center Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California La JoUa, CA 92093 U.S.A. Email: wbwhite@ucsd.edu JEDA Center National Oceanographic Data Center NOAA Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Email: mhamilton@nodc.noaa.gov The Joint Archive for Sea Level University of Hawaii - MSB 312 1000 Pope Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 U.S.A. Email: caldwell@nodc.noaa.gov World Data Center A, Oceanography National Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin. Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Email: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 57 Pacific Ocean sea-level stations with quality-controlled data in the JASL archive lOO-E 120°E 140°E 160°E 160°W MO'W 120°W lOCW sew 40° N 20°N EQ 20°S 40»N 20'H 20»S lOO-E 120°E 140"'E 160°E 160°W 140°W 120°W 100°W sew Pacific Ocean TOGA "Tropical Atmosphere Ocean" (TAO) array 58 RNODC SOC SOUTHERN OCEANS DATA SET \ The RNODC/Southern Oceans (RNODC/SOC) was created in order to provide a regional data management and data information service for Southern Oceans physi- cal and chemical oceanographic data. The RNODC was created under guidelines set forth in Recommendation XII. 1 by the IOC's Technical Committee on International Oceanographic Data Exchange (lODE XII, Moscow 10-17 December 1986). The Terms of Reference of the RNODC/SOC include the following responsibilities: - Acquire, quality control, and store in standard format the physical and chemical data obtained by the international community from the cruises and research programmes carried out in the Southern Oceans; - Co-operate closely with the World Data Centers, Oceanography by sending regular shipments (at least once a year), free of charge, of complete sets of physical and chemical data stored on magnetic tapes in GF3, and inventories, data summaries, and other data products related to the physical £uid chemi- cal data from the Southern Oceans; - Assist the World Data Centers by sending copies to them of any ROSCOP forms submitted to the RNODC-SOC; - Co-operate with the BIOMASS Data Center, regarding exchange of data and inventories, as weU as other data products. The RNODC-SOC is located in and operated by the Argentine Oceanographic Data Center (CEADO). 59 90 °W SOUTHERN OCEANS OCEANOGRAPHIC STATION PLOT 180 90 °E This plot shows the locations of 15,670 oceanographic data observations made in the Southern Oceans and registered in the RNODC/SOC master data file. 60 RNODC/SOC Oceanographic Data Set The RNODC/SOC data set contains data for all available oceanographic sta- tions for the Southern Oceans between 50° and the Antarctic Continent. Data for a total of 15,670 oceanographic stations taken during 387 Southern Oceans cruises are included in the data set. Seasonally, the data totals are approximately 2,500 observations taken during the Austral Winter (April-September) and more than 13,000 observations taken during the Austral Summer (October-March). Southern Oceans observational data taken by 19 countries have been received by the RNODC. The RNODC/SOC data set is available from: Argentine Oceanographic Data Center (RNODC/SOC) Centro Argentino de Datos Oceanograficos Ave. Montes de Oca 2 124 1271 - Buenos Aires Republica Argentina Email: ceado@rina.hidro.gov.ar or World Data Center A, Oceanography National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Email: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 61 RNODC IGOSS INTEGRATED GLOBAL OCEAN SERVICES SYSTEM DATA SET Backerround The Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) is a worldwide system for the rapid collection, exchange and analysis of oceanographic data and the timely preparation and dissemination of ocean products and services. IGOSS was estab- lished to support oceanographic and meteorological research efforts by providing: (1) a global distribution of oceanographic observations, (2) a mechanism for the timely and effective exchange of data, and (3) the preparation of oceanographic analysis products capable of supporting global change and cUmate research stud- ies. IGOSS products and services can be useful for input to large scale circulation models, for research survey planning, and for direct application in commercial fisheries, recreation, commercial shipping, and search and rescue efforts. Real- time ocean products currently available include sea surface and subsurface tem- perature analyses and graphical depictions of mixed layer depths and ocean frontal positions. Additional analyses and data summaries available as delayed- mode products include: (1) ocean currents, (2) saUnity, (3) distribution of pollut- ants, and (4) weekly and monthly temperature means. The IGOSS data are BATHY (profiles of temperature with depth) and TESAC (temperature/saUnity/ current profiles with depth). The major operational elements of the IGOSS program are: (1) observing system, (2) data processing and services system, (3) telecommunication arrangements, (4) marine pollution monitoring, and (5) data archival and exchange. The organi- zational structure of the IGOSS data processing and services system consists of World Oceanographic Centers in Moscow and Washington and National and SpeciaHzed Oceanographic Centers in participating nations. Data fi-om aU coop- erating nations are combined in standard formats at the World Oceanographic Centers, and then used as input to global and hemispheric analyses for improved weather forecasting, global climate studies, and a variety of products for oceano- graphic research uses. National Oceanographic Centers provide quaHty control for data fi*om their country entering the international exchange system via a high speed global telecommunications link called the Global Telecommunication Sys- tem (GTS) of the World Weather Watch. IGOSS ^ 62 Long-range data exchange and service arrangements and long-term archival activities for IGOSS data are performed by National Oceanographic Data Centers in Japan, the U.S.S.R., and the United States. These NODC's, serving as Re- sponsible National Oceanographic Data Centers (RNODC's) for IGOSS, compile archives of IGOSS data and products, assume responsibilities for specified re- gions of the world oceans, and deal with problems of quality control. They main- tain geographically sorted, updated files of observations received via the GTS. RNODC's/IGOSS Terms of Reference The terms of reference for RNODC's/IGOSS are as foUows: 1. Acquire BATHY and TESAC datasets and sub-surface temperature data from drifting and moored buoys from IGOSS Specialized Oceano- graphic Centres (SOC) for area of responsibihty; apply supplementary quahty control to acquired data and provide services to users after 30 days from receipt of that data; 2. Acquire non-operational BATHY, TESAC, and sub-surface temperature data from drifting and moored buoys and/or datasets for area of respon- sibility; apply quality control on non-operational data, prepare inte- grated datasets, and provide services to users; 3. Maintain a data base and inventories for areas of responsibility; 4. Prepare products based on operational and non-operational IGKDSS data, as appropriate; also, archive and make available to users, selected data products provided by SOCs and analysis centres; 5. Provide for exchange of IGOSS data with other RNODC's or to other users as requested; 6. Transmit datasets, inventories of archived data, and selected data products to the WDCs annually; 7. Provide for exchange of documentation and software regarding quahty control and processing procedures, with other RNODC's, as possible; 8. Participate in efforts to monitor data flow, and participate, as feasible, in IOC training programmes; 9. Prepare inventories of available data sets of the RNODC's area of interest and transmit them to the IOC Secretariat semiannually. 63 RNODC/IGOSS - Japan The RNODC/IGOSS- Japan is operated by the Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC), with support from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which serves as a Speciahzed Oceanographic Center (SOC) for IGOSS. At the SOC, systematic quahty control of the collected BATHY/TESAC reports is made. The SOC com- piles the IGOSS monthly summaries including maps showing the geographical distribution of BATHY/TESAC messages and numbers of messages of individual ships and sends them to the Secretariat of the IOC. IGOSS data submitted by the SOC are stored in three formats at the RNODC/ IGOSS. The first includes the original data file compiled on a semiannual basis. This file contains the collected and processed data from the GTS and other opera- tional sources within the area of responsibility. The second contains the data and data inventory files recorded in a form of the SYNDARC Format, and is available to users as computer-generated data summaries, statistical presentations, and graphical plots, or in a medium which allows the user to further process the data using a personal computer. During the conversion process, minimum quality control procedures are applied to the original data based on IOC Manuals and Guides No. 3. The third is the JODC-formatted version of the data inventory file. From this file, data products such as data summaries and location plots of obser- vations are provided to users, as weU as to the IOC and WMO. RNODC/IGOSS - Russia The RNODC/IGOSS-Russia and SOC for IGOSS data was estabUshed in 1984 under the auspices of the Russian Scientific Research Center for Hydrometeoro- logical Information and the Russian Hydrometeorological Scientific Research Center (Russian Hydrometcenter). The responsibilities of the RNODC/IGOSS include the collection of BATHY/TESAC messages and logs, quaMty control of the data, preparation of data sets on magnetic tape, and the development of products concerning availabiUty and time-space data distribution. The RNODC/IGOSS also provides national and international users with copies of data, results of analyses, and with other products for its area of responsibility. The responsibihties of the SOC include preparation, pubUcation, and distribution of different types of operational oceanographic products on a regular basis includ- ing those distributed via FAX machines that are readily available to different groups of users. These activities are carried out in accordance with the procedures speUed out in the IOC's Guide to Operational Procedures for the Collection and Exchange of Oceanographic Data (BATHY and TESAC). 1985 and the Guide to the IGOSS Data Processing and Services Svstem. 1983. 64 RNODC/IGOSS - U.S. The RNODC/IGOSS-U.S., located at the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), receives near real-time data weekly from the Ocean Products Center at Suitland, Maryland and the Ocean Apphcations Group in Monterey, California. These data are extracted from the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) on a daily basis for screening and editing. At the RNODC, the near real-time data sent by the two organizations are run through a series of programs to convert the data into NODC's Universal Bathythermograph (UBT) format. This data set is next sorted by date, time, position, and an indicator of the source of the data. The sorted file is then compared with existing observations and duplicates are elimi- nated. The records retained are then sorted by reference number, date, and time to pro- duce a cruise-ordered data set. From this final data set, inventory records are created. These data are then merged into the RNODC/IGOSS Archive. The Archive is updated on a monthly basis in geographical sequence. Data in the U.S. RNODC/IGOSS Archive are then available for international exchange and can be provided to users in a variety of forms ranging from standard media copies to computer-generated data summaries, statistical analyses, and graphic plots. Availabilitv of IGOSS Data and Products through WDC-A. Oceanography Various RNODC/IGOSS data, analyses, and products are available through WDC-A, Oceanography. Upon request, WDC-A will provide copies of pertinent data products, or, alternatively, refer the requester to the appropriate IGOSS data source. 65 GTSPP GLOBAL TEMPERATURE - SALINITY PROJECT INTRODUCTION Making ocean temperature and salinity data quickly and easily accessible to users is the primary goal of the Global Temperature - Salinity Program (GTSPP). A cooperative international program, the GTSPP has now developed a global ocean T-S data base comprised of data that are as up-to-date and of the highest quality possible. Numerous lODE countries are now contributing to the program. U.S. PARTICIPATION The U.S. supports the GTSPP through the participation of its National Oceano- graphic Data Center (NODC). NODC fulfills several functions in support of the GTSPP: 1. Data communications support. The Internet is used daily to transmit and receive data and project information. Real-time data are relayed from NCAA's National Weather Service and the Navy's Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center to Canada's Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS). In addition, monthly fliers are transmitted to oceanography centers in Hobart, Australia; Brest, France; La Jolla, California; Miami, Florida; and other locations in the United States. 2. Data quality control. All GTSPP data are passed through standard data quaHty tests, which are documented in the GTSPP Real-Time Quality Control Manual (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Manuals and Guides No. 22, UNESCO, 1990). NODC has implemented two systems to apply quality tests to data destined for the GTSPP database. The systems operate on UNIX-based work- stations that are part of NODC's cHent/server computing environment. One system displays geographical positions of observations as compared to land masses, and shows ship speed between observations as a check on positions dates and times. The second system applies tests to subsurface temperature and salinity data, set- ting flags to reflect test results. 3. Database maintenance. GTSPP data are maintained in a relational database that is managed by commercial software on the UNIX workstation. Real-time data are added automatically, as they arrive from MEDS. Higher quality delayed mode data are also being quality controlled and added to the data base. As these observa- tions are added, the matching real-time data are tagged to avoid sending two copies of the same data. The database makes it possible to quickly load and retrieve data, 66 as well as to provide statistics about the number of observations per geographic region, time period, ship, or data type. GTSPP DATA Data in the GTSPP database are generated by ships or buoys from all regions of the world's oceans. Instruments used to collect the data include thermistor chains (on buoys), XBTs, digital bathythermographs (DBTs), bottle samplers, and CTDs. The data are sent in real-time (by radio or satellite transmission) and later in delayed mode when ships return to port. Delayed-mode records are generally of higher resolution than records sent in real time. Therefore, NODC acquires delayed mode data (usually several months after data were collected) and merges them into the database. To avoid duplication of real-time and delayed mode observations, real-time records are matched to corre- sponding delayed mode records in the database. In that way, the GTSPP data resource is built quickly from real-time records and subsequently enhanced by high quality, high resolution delayed mode records. SUPPORT TO CLIMATE RESEARCH NODC continues to provide monthly files of real-time data to WOCE Upper Ocean Thermal science centers in France, AustraUa, and the U.S.; each of these centers uses the data in ocean climate research. Results of their scientific analyses are fed back into the GTSPP database to enhance data quality. Also, in support of WOCE, NODC now produces reports of the distribution of data along TOGA-WOCE-IGOSS transect fines. GTSPP has demonstrated the feasibifity of a global ocean network of data manage- ment and science centers. The project has shown that computer technology and networks, now in place, are sufficient for sustaining cooperative work such as that being done in GTSPP. Experience gained from GTSPP will be useful to future global ocean data management projects, such as the Global Ocean Observing Sys- tem (GOOS). To obtain information about the availabifity of data from the GTSPP Data Base, as weU as participation in the Program itself, please contact the following: National Oceanographic Data Center World Data Center A, Oceanography NOAA/NESDIS E/0C13 NOAA Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Email: mhamilton@nodc.noaa.gov Email: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 67 ROSCOP REPORT OF OBSERVATIONS/SAMPLES COLLECTED BY OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAMS International marine data inventories, particularly the Reports of Observations/ Samples Collected by Oceanographic Programs (ROSCOPs 1 and 2) and their suc- cessor, the Cruise Summary Report (ROSCOP 3), have played a significant role in the success of lODE data exchange and data management for more than 20 years. In addition to their stated purpose of providing a means for determining the avail- ability of internationally exchangeable data in advance of its actual receipt, these inventories have also: (1) provided referral service to data not routinely exchanged through the WDC system and (2) supplied important documentation in support of processing by national and regional data centers. The ROSCOP scheme was initially approved by lODE at its Fifth Session in 1970 as an interim marine data inventory, and the first ROSCOP 1 forms were received by WDC-A in 1971. A completely revised version (ROSCOP 2) was developed by the Task Team on Inventories of Marine Data and Samples, and was accepted by lODE at its Seventh Session in 1973; ROSCOP 2 forms were first received during 1974. Subsequently, in consideration of new requirements identified by lODE, the form was completely redesigned in 1989; the resulting Cruise Summary Report (also subtitled ROSCOP 3 for purposes of continuity), which was intended to be more user-fiiendly, was approved by lODE in 1990. Through the end of 1998, WDC-A had received and tabulated a total of 23,456 ROSCOP forms of all types (ROSCOPs 1, 2 and 3) for the twenty-year period. A general decHne in numbers of forms received from the first half of the period to the last half is evident. Certain factors have obviously had a significant impact on the receipt of ROSCOP forms: (1) the occurrence of special projects of limited duration (such as the U.S. OCSEAP Program in the 1970s) that generated large numbers of ROSCOPs; (2) a possible overall decrease in many countries' national marine sci- ence programs; and (3) significant periods of policy changes or disruptions that impact a Data Center's activities. In evaluating the long-term success of the ROSCOP program, it is important to recognize the valuable contribution made by ICES in developing the automated system that facilitates utiUzation of information received on the ROSCOP forms. The automated ICES system is in use at WDC-A. Previous discrepancies between WDC-A's ROSCOP tabulations and the ICES system have recently been resolved. A WDC-A project has now ensured that all of WDC-A's historical ROSCOPs have been provided to ICES. 68 Number of ROSCOP forms and Cruise Summary Report forms received by WDC-A, Oceanography, as of 31 December 1998 Country ROSCOP 1 Forms ROSCOP 2 Forms Cruise Summary Reports Argentina Australia 1 158 89 19 mm Belgium Brazil 15 13 106 21 Canada 63 315 38 Chile — 1 " Colombia 9 " . - Denmark 41 223 • .- Ecuador 6 -- • - Finland 27 107 • - France 100 2,335 615 Germany Ghana 513 1,746 2 1,661 Iceland 39 122 - India 32 8 ~ Indonesia -- — 2 Ireland 12 43 " Italy Japan Netherlands 3 214 78 1,638 295 212 11 Norway Peru 108 3 404 Poland 82 100 Portugal Spain Sweden 35 38 1 15 203 South Africa -- 477 Russia 85 393 United Kingdom United States 614 20 2,412 6,304 514 301 Korea (Republic of) Congo (People's Rep.) Senegal Mauritania 8 16 1 2 58 1 328 Totals 2.165 17,569 3,722 69 WOCE WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT BACKGROUND The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is a component of the World Climate Research Program that seeks to investigate the role played by ocean circu- lation in the earth's climate system. Its goal is to develop improved ocean circula- tion models for use in climate prediction. The WOCE observational phase (1990-1997) has used satellites and in-situ physical/ chemical measurements taken during this largest and most comprehensive ocean observational program under- taken to date, in compiling a quasi-sjnioptic data set of unprecedented scope. DATA MANAGEMENT The WOCE Hydrographic Program (WHP) is comprised of One-Time Surveys, Re- peat Hydrography, and Bathjmaetry data taken along WOCE tracks. The One-Time Survey encompasses a range of physical and chemical measurements at discrete stations and from continuous sampling. Repeat Hydrography sections and time-series stations provide information on the temporal variability of the ocean in different seasons and years. The WHP Special Analysis Center represents the final stage in the hydrographic data management process, providing a globally-consistent data set and generating dynamical data products. Direct Current Measurements include data from Current Meter Moorings, Subsurface Floats, Surface Drifting Buoys, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs). WOCE Upper Ocean and Sea Surface Observations consist of Upper Ocean Thermal Data, Sea Surface Salin- ity, and Surface Meteorological Data and Surface Fluxes. Upper Ocean Thermal measurements are taken with XBTs, moored buoys, thermistor chains, profiling floats, and CTDs. The WOCE One-Time Hydrographic Survey 70 The unusually wide variety of data types observed during WOCE has required a somewhat different approach to data management than was employed during previ- ous international ocean surveys. The WOCE data management structure consists of the following elements: Data Assembly Centers (DACs) are managed by scientists, handle assembly and quality control of data sets, and generate data products. Special Analysis Centers (SACs) perform data analysis and synthesis func- tions, including the generation of derived data sets. Data Information Unit (DIU) is a central source of information on the status of WOCE, tracking all data collection, processing, and archiving activities, and acting as the primary interface between the WOCE data system and its users. Delayed Mods Sm Lsval British OceonograpMc Data Cantm WOCE imamattonal Project Onice SoutMmpton Oceanography Centre ReaJ Time XBTs & Driftere Marine Envtronmental Data Serytces XBTs & WOCE Archive US Natkxtal Oceanographic Data Centre WHP Otnoe & Subeurtace Floats Woods Hole Ocsanographlc Institution ISurlace Mat/AJr-Sea Fluxes Florida State Umvsralty Surface Drifters and Atlantic XBTs Atlantic OceanograpNc and Meteorological (.aboratory ADCPData Japan Oceanographic Data Centre Current Meter Data Oregon State University Bathynnetry Nationa) Geophysical Data Centre Padfic XBTs Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fast Delivery Sea Level University ol HawaH WOCE Data Inlonnatlon Unit University of Delaware XBTs & Surface Salinity IFREMER Indian Ocean XBTs AOOC and CSIRO Marine Labontortes WOCE Data System WOCE DATA AVAILABILITY Resources and expertise from almost 30 countries have been combined to produce an unprecedented collection of in-situ and satellite observations of the global oceans for the period 1990-1997. The Global Data Version 1.0 CD-ROM Series, which was the inaugural set of WOCE CD-ROMs, was released at the May 1998 WOCE Ocean Circulation and CHmate Conference in Halifax, Canada. This series, prepared by 71 the U.S. NODC, makes available a unique and diverse set of data that can be expected to provide invaluable assistance to dimate researchers. The 13 CDs cover all facets of the WOCE field program: Disc 1 - The Data Information Unit and Bathjrmetry Data Disc 2 - Hydrographic Program Data Disc 3 - Hydrographic Program Data Products Disc 4 - Upper Ocean Thermal Data Disc 5 - Subsurface Floats Data Disc 6 - Surface Velocity Program Data Disc 7 - Current Meter Moorings Data Disc 8 - Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) Data Disc 9 - Sea Level Data Disc 10 - Surface Meteorology Data, Pacific and Indian Oceans Disc 1 1 - Surface Meteorology Data, Atlantic and Southern Oceans Disc 12 - Surface Fluxes Disc 13 - Satellite Derived Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Height Data Versions 1.5 and 2.0 of the WOCE CD-ROM Series are expected to be issued at appropriate intervals, as additional WOCE data sets are received firom WOCE Pis. The WOCE CD-ROMs are available upon request from WDC-A, Oceanography and the U.S. NODC. National Oceanographic Data Center World Data Center A, Oceanography NOAA/NESDIS E/OCl NOAA E/OC53 Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282 U.S.A. Email: services@nodc.noaa.gov Email: wdca@nodc.noaa.gov 72 Ipar