•W:

381.
R 24

. >K THE

ECHINODERMATA

IN THE

AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

|J E. P. RAMSAY,

!m F.K.S.E., P.L.S., M.K.I.A.. F.G.S., F.R.G.S., C.M.S

i D ELLOW OF THE IMP. Ko\ AL /OOLOGO-BOTANIK SOC., VlENNA.

HON. MKMH. K..Y.U. So,'., TASMANIA.

PART I.

ECHINI.

)ESMOSTICHA AND PETALOSTICHA,

FEINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

E. T. RAMSAY, CTTBATOR.

-ooo-

F. W. WHITE, PBINTEK, «'.' MARKET STREET, WEST

1885.

.

OF THE

ECHINODERMATA

IN THE

AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM.

BY

E. P. RAMSAY,

F.E.S.E., F.L.S., M.K.I.A., F.G.S., F.E.G.S., C.M.Z.S.

FELLOW OF THE IMP. EOYAL ZOOLOGISCH BOTANISCHE Soc., VIENNA.

HON. MEMB. ROYAL Soc., TASMANIA.

&c., &c.

PART I.

ECHINI.

DESMOSTICHA AND PETALOSTICHA,

FEINTED BY OEDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

E. P. RAMSAY, CURATOR.

•ooc-

Sfgbneg :

F. W. WHITE, PEINTEE, 39 MAEKET STREET, WEST

1885.

I ICT ID

PAGE

AGASSIZIA ... ... ... 38

AMBLYPNEUSTES ... ... 18

„ forinosus 19, 50

„ griseus 19, 50

„ ovum 18, 50

(Holopneustes) purparascens

ANOMALANTHUS ... ... 26

„ tuniidus 26, 51

ANANCHYTID-ffi ... ... 34

ANOCHANUS ... ... ... 34

ARACHNOIDES ... ... 29

„ placenta 29, 52

„ selandice ... 29

ABBACIAD^; ... ... ... 4

ARBACIA ... ... ... 4

„ punctulata ... ... 5

„ spatuligera ... ... 5

ASTHENOSOMA ... ... 8

Astriclypeus see MELLITA ... 31

ASTROPYGA ... ... ... 7

„ pulvinata ... 7

BREYNIA 36

,, australasiee... 36, 53
BRISSINA ... ... ... 37

BRISSOPSIS ... ... ... 38

BRISSUS ... ... ... 38

carinatus ... 39, 53
columbaris ... ... 39

compressus ... ... 39

scillse 39

unicolor 39

CASSIDTJLID.E . . . ... ... 32

CENTROSTEPHANUS 4

„ rodgersii 6, 44, 45

CIDARID.S; ... ... ... 1

ClDARIS 1

„ metularia ... ... 1

„ tribuloides ... ... 1

Cidarites see Goniocidaris

and Diadema
CLYPEASTER ... .,. 26, 27

„ humilis ... 26, 51

CLYPEASTRIDA 24

CCELOPLEURUS ... ... 5

COLOBOCENTKOTUS ... ... 8

„ atratus ... 8

PAGE

DESMOSTICHA... ... ... 1

DIADEMA ... ... ... 5

„ setosuru ... ...6,44

DlADEHATID^E ... ... 5

DOROCIDARIS ... ... ... 2

„ neapolitana ... 2

„ papillata ... 2

D&soria see Linthia ... ... 41

ECHINANTHID^E ... ... 26

ECHINANTHTJS ... ... 26

„ testudinarius 27, 52

„ tumidus ... 26

(Clypeaster) humile ... ... 26

ECHINARACHNIUS ... ... 28

„ excentricus 29

„ parma ... 28

ECHINID^E ... ... ... 15

ECHINOBRISSUS ... ... 33

„ recens ... 33

Nucleolites ... ... ... 33

ECHINOCARDIUM ... ... 37

australe 37, 53

ECHINOCYAMUS

y y

EcHINODISCtTS

pusillus
sp. nov.
sp. ?

24, 51
... 24
24, 51
... 51
27, 29

„ auritus ... 30

„ biforis ... 29

„ bisperforatus ... 29

„ Iffivis ...... 30

ECHINOMETRA ...... 9

,, lucunter 9, 10, 45

„ michilini 10, 11

„ obionga ... 10

„ subangularis... 10

„ viridis ... 11

„ plana ... ... 11

„ setosa ... ... 15

ECHINOMETRIDJE ...... 8

ECHINONEUS ... ... ... 32

„ cyclostomus ... 32

„ semilunaris ... 32

ECHINONID^: ... ... ... 32

ECHINOSTREPHUS ...... 15

,, inolare 15, 47

11.

INDEX.

PAGE

ECHINOTHBIX ... ... 6

„ calamaris 6, 45

„ turcarum ... 7

(Astropyga) desorii ... ... 7

ECHINOTHURID^: ... ... 7

ECHINUS ... ... ... 20

„ angulosus ... ... 21

,, atratus see Colobo-

centrotus ... 3
„ chloriticus see Eve-

chinus ... 23

darnleyensis 21, 50

esculentus ... ... 20

magellanicus ... 21

inelo ... ... ... 20

micro tuberculatns ... 21

parvitu'berculatus ... 21

sphaera ... ... 20

„ subglobosus ... ... 20

(Toxopneustes) pileolus ... 22

„ variegata ... 22

(Evechinus) chloroticus ... 23

ENCOPE 31

„ emarginata ... ... 31

EUCLYPEASTRID^; ... ... 24

EUPATAGUS 35

valenciennesii 36, 52, 53

EUSPATANGINA
EVECHINUS

,, australise . . .

,, chloroticus
FAORINA
FIBULARIA

,, australis ...

„ oblonga . . .

„ ovulum

„ volva

FlBULARINA ...
GONIOCIDARID^:
GONIOCIDAEIS

„ geranioides

,, tubaria

HEMIASTER ...

,, apicatus ...

(Rhynobrissus) apicatus

HEMIPEDINA ...

HETEROCENTROTUS .

25,

.. 34
.. 23
23, 51
.. 23
.. 41
51
25
.. 25
.. 25
.. 25
.. 24
1
4

..4,44
..4,44
.. 37
38, 53
38,53
20

8

„ mammillatus 9, 45

„ trigonarius ... 9

HIPPONOE ... ... ... 22

Hipponoe see Tripneustcs 22, 23

HOLOPNEUSTES ... ... 19

„ porosissimus 19, 50

„ purpurascens 19

„ see Amblypncustcs 19

HOMOLAMPUS ... 34

LAGANID^E
LAGANUM

„ decagonale...
„ depressum . . .
,, sp. nov.
(Peronella) peronii ...
LESKIAD^E
Leskia ...
LINTHIA

(Desoria) australis ...
LOVENIA

„ elongata
MARETIA

„ planulata . . .
(Spatangus) ovatus ...

MELLITA

hexaporus ...
orbiculus
sexf oris
sexiesperforaia
testiidinata . . .
see Echinodiscus

MEOMA

„ grandis
„ ventricosa
(Meomia ventricosa) ...
MESPILIA

„ globulus . . .

METALIA

„ ruaculosa

„ sp- ?

„ sternalis

MlCROCYPHUS ZIGZAG
MOIRA

Moera ...
NEOLAMPAS ...
NUCLEOLID^: ...
NUCLEOLITES ...
Nucleolites
PALEOSTOMA ...
PARASALENIA...

„ gratiosa

PERONELLA see LAGNUM ,
PETALOSTICHA
PHORMOSOMA ...
PHTLLACANTHUS

annulifei-a.

australis .

baculosa

dubia

imperialis .

parvispina .

tenuispinis
PHTMOSOMA ...
PLATTBRISSUS
PLEURECHINUS
PODOCIDARIS .

PAGE

... 27
,.. 27

27, 52
... 27
,.. 28

28, 52
... 37
... 37
... 41
41, 54
... 36

36, 53
... 35
35, 52
... 35
... 30
... 30
... 31
... 30
... 30
... 31
... 30
... 40
... 40
... 41
... 41
... 18
18,49
... 40
.. 40
.. 40
.. 40
.. 47
.. 42
.. 42
.. 33
.. 33
.. 33
.. 33
.. 37
.. 11
.. 11
.. 27
.. 32
.. 8
.. 2
..2,43
..3,44
.. 3
..3,43
2

..3,43

3,43

.. 20

.. 34

.. 15

5

INDEX.

111.

SALMACIS

PAGE
.. 4
34

.. 16

.. 15

.. 33
.. 33
.. 33
38

.. 31

.. 4
.. 16

alexandri ... 17, 48
bicolor ... ... 16

dussumieri . . . 16,47
globator ... 17,49

rarispina ... 17, 48, 49
sulcata ... ... 17

woodsii ... 18, 47, 48

POEOCIDAEIS ... ...

POURTALESIA

PBIONECHINUS ...

PSEUDOBOLETIA ...

Pygorhynchus ... ...

EHTNCHOPTGUS ...

„ pacificus

KHYNOBRISSUS

KOTTJLA ... ...

sp

„ sp

SCHIZASTER

18,47
... 18

... 41

„ canaliferus ... 41

„ ventricosus 42, 54

„ E.lacunosus ... 41

SCUTELLID^; ... ... ... 28

SPATANGID.S: ... ... ... 34

SPATANGINA ... ... ... 34

SPATANGUS ... ... ... 35

„ purpureus ... 35

SPH^RECHINUS ... ... 14

„ australise 14, 46

„ granularis ... 14

„ brevispinosus.. 14

PAGE
STEPHANOCIDARIS ... ... 3

STOMOPNEUSTES ... ... 11

„ variolaris 11, 12

„ atropurpureus 12

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS ... 12

,, drobachiensis . . . 12

„ erythrogrammus

13, 14, 46

„ franciscanus ... 13
„ franciscus ... 13
„ globulosa ... 13

„ lividus ... ... 13

,, purpuratus ... 12

„ tuberculatus 13, 46

TEMNECHINUS ... ... 16

TEMNOPLEURID^; ... ... 15

TEMNOPLEURTTS 15

„ toreumaticus

15, 16, 46

TOXOPNEUSTES 21

„ pileolus ... 22

„ variegatus ... 22

„ (Strongylocentroius)

lividus 13, 22

TRICHODIADEMA ... ... 6

TRIGONOCIDARIS 16

TRIPLECHINID^: ... ... 20

TRIPNEUSTES ... ... ... 22

„ angulosus 22, 51

„ esculentus ... 23

„ variegata ... 23

TRIPTLUS ... 38

PREFACE.

THE object of this Catalogue is to (1) give a list of the Ecliin
in the Museum Collection ; (2) to record correct habitats of the
Australian species and the localities of such as have been met
with by our Collectors, thereby showing the distribution of
fauna ; and lastly (3) to point out our deficiencies, in the hope
that our friends in other countries may feel inclined to fill up
some of the numerous gaps by donations or offers of exchange.

I take the present opportunity, on behalf of the Trustees
of the Australian Museum, to offer our best thanks to
CAPTAIN HTXSON, R.N., President of the Marine Board of
New South Wales, for the interest he has shown in our work,
in so liberally placing at our disposal a steam launch for
dredging purposes, by which means the museum has been lately
so greatly enriched in the Marine Fauna of Port Jackson, not
only in the Crustacea, Echinodermata, and Cselenterata, but
also in many orders and families of Marine Vertebrates and
Invertebrates ; also to DR. JULIUS VON HAAST, PROFESSORS
PARKER and HUTTON, of New Zealand, and other friends of the
Institution, who have from time to time presented specimens.

The nomenclature, synonymy, and arrangement has been
compiled chiefly from two of A. AGASSTZ'S great works, the
" Revision of the Echini," and the " Eeport of the Voyage of
the Challenger," with occasional reference to the " Catalogue
Raisonne des Eclnnides" of Louis AGASSIZ and DESOR, in the
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, and to PROFESSOR F. JEFFREY
BELL'S account of the Echinodermata collected by DR. COPPINGER
during the Voyage of H. M. S. " Alert." These works are
here quoted respectively as the " Revision of the Echini "
(Rev. Ecli.J ; the "Voyage of the Challenger " (Voy. Cliall.) ;
" Voyage of the Alert" (Voy. Alert) ; and " Catalogue Raisonne
des Echinides ; " " C. R. Ech. Ann. Sc. Nat." Occasional
reference is also made to DR. G-RAT'S " Catalogue of the
Echinodermata in the British Museum," and to PROFESSOR
DUNCAN'S and PROFESSOR BELL'S papers in the " Proceedings
and Journal of the Zoological and Liunean Societies of London."
All the above-mentioned being in the Museum Library, are
of easy access to any one desirous of studying the subject, or
for reference.

11. PREFACE.

The Echmoidea, which unfortunately is the smallest part of
our collection of Echinodermata, is but poorly represented in
Australia ; nevertheless, the Australian Region is the stronghold
of some of the genera, as Salmacis, Amblypneustes, Goniocidaris,
and Phi/llacanlhus, of which last all the known species are found
within the Australian waters. Of the family G-oniocidandse,
out of fifteen species recorded by PROFESSOR A. AGASSIZ, ten
are found in the Australian Region. The Echinometridae of
GRAY are also strongly represented by the occurrence of seven
out of the eight genera known ; of the family Temnopleuridce
(DBS.), the genera Temnopleurus ( AGASS.), Salmacis (AGASS.),
Mespilia (Des.), Amblypneustes (AciASS.), and Holopneustes
(AGASS.), are Australian.

The ClypeastridcB ( AGASS.) are not well represented, for out
of about eighteen genera only eight are to be found, represented
by fourteen out of about fifty species known. One genus,
Anomalantlius, the locality of which is yet uncertain, is the only
genus peculiar to the Australian Region, i.e, taking the
Peronella of G-RAY to be not distinct from Larjanum.

Of the Petalosticha, probably only three genera, Eupatagus,
Loi'enia, and Breynia may be considered as being peculiar to
the Australian Seas.

The Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, and Holotliuroidea will
form the subject of other parts of this Catalogue, to be published
as determined hereafter.

Appended will be found a few notes and remarks on the
Australian species, which may not prove uninteresting to the
general reader.

I have only to add that the abbreviation " Pres." signifies
Presented ; •'' B-ht.," Purchased ; " Coll.," Collected by the
Museum Collectors or Employees ; " Exch ," received in
Exchange ; while " O.C." is used to indicate that the specimen
is from the Old Collection in the Museum prior to 1870.

Throughout the Catalogue will be found mentioned some of
the genera and species which we are most desirous of obtaining,
these and any others not enumerated will be welcome additions
to the Collection, and in return for which we shall be very happy
to send duplicates of Australian species.

E. P. RAMSAY.

ECHINOIDEA

DESMOSTICHA.

Srib-Order DESMOSTICHA, Haeckel, EntwicTcel Oescli., 1866
(emend) .

CIDARID/E,

Family CIDARTD;E, Muller, Sail, d. Echinod., 1854 (emend).

GONIOCIDARID/E.

Sub-Family GONIOCIDARIDA, Haeckel, EntwicTc. Gesch., 1866 ;
Affass., Rev. Ecli., Pt. iii., p. 384.

CIDAEIS.

CIDARIS, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ech. ; A. Ac/ass., Toy.
CkalL, iii., p. 33.

CIDARIS METULARIA.
Cidaris metularia, Blainv. ; A. Aqass., Rev. Ecli., Pt. \\\.,p. 385.

(«) Mauritius - - - Bght.

Hab. Mauritius ; Sandwich Islands ; Fiji ; East India Islands.

CIDARIS TRIBULOIDES.

Cidarites tribuloides, Lamlc., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Cidaris tribuloides, Blainv., 1830, Zooph. ; A. Ayass., Rev.
Ech., Pt. iii., p. 386.

(«) Florida - Exch.

(&) Dredged off Coast of Spain - - Pres.

Hab. Brazil ; Cape Palmas, &c.

2 ECHINOIDEA.

DOROCIDAKIS.

DOROCTDARTS, A. Afff/ss., 1869, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool,, Vol. i. ;
Rev. Ech., Ft. iii., p. 386.

DOROCIDARTS NEAPOLITANA.

(a) Mediterranean - "Bght.

Hab. Mediterranean.

DOROCIDARIS PAPILLATA.

Cidaris papillata, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add.

Dorocidaris papillata, A. Ac/ass., 1869, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
Vol. i. ; Rev. Ech., Ft. iii., p. 386.

(«) - Pres.

Hab. Mediterranean ; Norway ; Florida.

PHYLLACANTHUS.

PHYLLACANTHUS, Brandt, Proc. Desc. An., 1835.

PHYLLACANTHUS IMPERIALIS.

Cidarites imperialis, Lnmk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., Pt. iii., p. 391.

(ft) Mauritius - O.C.

Hab. Mauritius ; lied Sea ; East Indies , Australia.

PHYLLACANTHUS ANNULIFERA.
Cidarites aumilifera, LainJc., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Phyllaeanthus annulifera, A. A(/ass., Rev. Ecli., Pt. i., p. 150;
id. Pt. iii., p. 387; Bell, Voij. Alert, p. 118, 1884

(ft to f, fyc.) Port Denison, 5 to 10 faths. - Dredged.

(fftoj,fyc.) Port Denison, denuded tests ,,

(& to m} Cossack, West Australia Bglit.

(n top) „ ,, denuded tests ,,

Hab. Solomon Islands ; North-East, West, and North Coasts
of Australia.

ECHINOIDEA.

PHYLLACANTHUS BACULOSA.

Cidarites baculosa, Lanik. Anim. sans Vert., 1816.
Phyllacanthus baculosa, A. Ayass., Eev. Ech., Pt. iii., p. 388.
(a,b) Mauritius Bght.

Hab. Mauritius ; Coasts of East Africa ; Red Sea.

PHYLLACANTHUS AUSTEALIS, sp. nov.

(Port Jackson, dredged near S. Reef, Gfaths.)

0) ColL

(Type of the Species

Hab. Port Jackson.

PHYLLACANTHUS DUBIA.

Phyllacanthus dubia, Br., 1835, Prod. Desc. An. ; A. At/ass.,
Eev. Ecli., Pt. ul, p. 389.

(a) Port Darwin - Coll.

(6) Mauritius Exch.

Hab. South Africa ; North Australia.*

PHYLLACANTHUS PABVISPINIS.

r

Phyllacanthus parvispiuis, T.- Woods, P. L. Soc. of N.S.W., iv ,
p. 286, 1880.

(a) Type of the species, Port Jackson.

(6) Type of the species, denuded test, Port Jackson.

(c tof) Port Jackson, very large specimens.

(y) Port Jackson, form approaching P. dubia.

Hab. Port Jackson, East Coasts of Australia.

STEPHANOCIDARIS.

STEPHANOCIDAEIS, A. Ay ass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 393.

(Not represented.)

Hab. Australia, &c.

* The common Port Jackson species usually known to Australian
Naturalists as P. dubia, has been recently separated by Tenison- Woods
as P. parvispinis.

4 ECHINOIDEA.

POROCIDAEIS.

PoitociDARis, Des. 1854, Syn. Ecli. foss., p. 46 ; A. Af/ass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 394-5.

(Not represented.)

GONIOCIDARIS.

GONIOCIDARIS, Desor, 1846, Agass., Cat. Rais. ; A. Af/ass., Rev.
Ecli., iii., p. 395.

GONIOCIDARIS TUBARIA.

Cidarites tubaria, Lamk., Anim. sans Vert ., p. 57, 1816.
Goniocidaris tubaria, Liitk., 1861, Bid. til. kund. om Ecli. ;

A. Agass., 1873, Rev. Ecli., Pt. iii., p. 397 ; id. Voy. Cliall.

Zool., Vol. iii., p. 49, 1881.

(a tof) Port Jackson, South Reef, 5 to 8 faths. Coll.
(y, li, tj^c.) Denuded tests, Port Jackson - - ,,

Hab. Port Jackson ; South and East Coasts of Australia,

GONIOCIDARIS GERANIOIDES.

Cidarites gerauioides, Lamk., 1816, An. sans Vert.
Gouiocidaris gerauioides, Af/ass., Cat. Rats., 1846.

(ft, b) Port Phillip - - Pres.

Hab. South-East and South Coast of Australia ; Tasmania.

SALENID^.

SALENIDJE, Af/ass., 1838, Hon. Ecli. Salenies (emend.) ; A. At/ass.,
Voy. Cliall Zool, ui.,p. 50.

(Not represented.)

AEBACIAD^E.

AIUBACIAD.E, Gray, P. Z. S., Lond., 1855, p. 36; A. Afjass., Rev.
Ecli, iii., p. 399.

AEBACIA.

ARBACIA, Gray, P Z. S., Lond., 1855, p. 36 ; id. I. c., 1835,
p. 58.

ECHINOIDEA. 5

ARBACIA PTTNCTULATA.

Arbacia punctulata, Gray, P. Z. 8., Lond., 1835,^?. 58.
Echinus punctulatus, Lamk., An. sans Vert., 1816.

(a) "Wood Hole" Mass. - - Exch.

(I to e) "Vineyard Snd. Mass."

\J ) »> » )>

(y) „ „ denuded test ,,

Hab. Florida Eeefs, &c.

ARBACIA SPATULIGERA.

Echinus spatuligera, Vol. 1846, Voy. Venus.
Arbacia spatuligera, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., \.,p. 93; id. iii.,
p. 403-4.

(a, V) Denuded tests, Chili - Esch.

Hab. Chili ; Peru ; California.

PODOCIDARIS.

PODOCIDARIS, A. Agass., 1869, Bull. M. C. Z., i. ; BCD. Ecli., iii.,

p. 405.

(Not represented.)

COELOPLEURTJS.

COELOPLEURUS, At/ass., Cat. Si/st. Ecfyp., 1840; A. Agass., Voy.
Chall. Zool, iii, p. 61, 1881 ; Rev. Ecli., iii.,;;. 406.
(Not represented.)

DIADEMATID^E.

DIADEMATID^;, Peters, Monatsl. Akad. Berl., 1853 (emend) ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 407.

DIADEMA.

DIADEMA, Scliynv., 1711, Tlies. Imar/. (Pet. emend.) ; A. Ayass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 408.

6 ECHINOIDEA.

DlADEMA SETOSUM.

Cidarites diadema, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 58.
Diadema setosa, Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., p. 4.
Diadema setosum, A. Agass., Rev. Echin., iii., p 408.

(a) New Caledonia Free.

(b to g) Ugi, Solomon Islands - Coll.

(Ji, i) TJgi, Solomon Islands, denuded tests „

Hab. South Pacific ; West India ; Philippine and Cape Verde
Islands ; Japan and China Seas ; East and North Coasts of
Australia, north of Wide Bay.

CENTROSTEPHANUS.

CENTEOSTEPHANUS, Peters, Denkscli. Akad. Berlin, 1855 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 409.

CENTEOSTEPHANUS EODGEESII.
Thrichodiadema Eodgersii, A. Ag., 1863, Proc. Acad. N. S. Phila.,

p. 354.
Ceutrostephanus Eodgersii, A. Ag., 1872, Rev. Ech., Pt. i.,p. 98 ;

id. 1. c., iii., p. 412.

(a to d) Long Bay, near Botany Heads • Coll.

(e,f) „ „ denuded tests „

(ff to j) Young, dredged in 5 faths., Port Jackson „

Hab. East and South Coasts of Australia; (New Caledonia?).

ECHINOTHRIX.

ECHINOTHEIX, Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, 1853.

ECHINOTHEIX CALAMAE1S.

Echinus calamaris, Pall., 1774, Spic. Zool.

Echinothrix calamaris, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech., Pt. i., p. 120 ;
id. 1. c., Pt. i\\.,p. 413 ; id. Voy. Chall, HI, p. 67, 1881.

(a) Ugi, Solomon Islands - - Coll.

Hab. Society Islands ; East India Islands ; Philippines ; Fiji ;
New Hebrides and North Coasts of New Guinea ; North
Australia.

ECHINOIDEA. 7

ECHINOTHRIX TURCARUM.

Diadetna turcamm, Schynv. Tlies. Imag., 1711.

Echinothrix turcarum, Peters, 1853, Monatsb. Acad., Berlin,

p. 484; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., \\\.,p. 416 ; id. Voy. Chall.,

iii., p. 67.

{a} Sandwich Island - - Exch.

Hab. Sandwich and Fiji Islands, Honolulu ; East India Islands ;
Chinese and Japanese Seas ; East Coast of Africa ; Red Sea.

ECHINOTHRIX DESORII.

Echinothrix desorii, Peters, 1853, Monatsb. Akad., Berlin,
p. 484 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 415 ; id. Pt. i.,
p. 120.

Astropyga desorii, Agass., 1846, C, R. Ann. Sc. Nat., vi.

(«) Mauritius - Exch.

Hab. Fiji Islands ; Mauritius ; Red Sea ; Sandwich Islands.

ASTROPYGA.

ASTROPTGA, Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil.

ASTROPTGA PULVINATA.

Cidarites pulvinata, Lamk. Ann. sans Vert., 1816.
Asti'opyga pulvinata, Agass., C. R. Ann. Sc. Nat., vi., 1846 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 418 ; id. Voy. Chall., iii., p. 70.

(a tof) Mauritius - - Bght.

Hab. Mauritius ; Gulf of California ; Panama ; Honolulu.
(10 to 50 faths.)

ECHINOTHURID^E.

ECHINOTHURID^E, Wyville Thomson, ''Depths of the Sea," p. 164,
1873 ; id. Echinoidea of the " Porcupine," Trans. Roy.
Soc., Vol. clxiv., Pt. 2, p. 730; A. Agass., Voy. Ghall., iii.,
p. 71, 1881.

8 ECHINOIDEA.

ASTHENOSOMA.

ASTHENOSOMA, Orube, 1867, Jahresb. d. Scliles. Ges.f. Vat. Cult. ;
A. Affftss., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 422 ; id. Voy. GhalL, iii ,
p. 82, 1881.

(Not represented.)
Hab. China Seas.

PHOEMOSOMA.

PHORMOSOMA, Wijville Thomson, 1874, Ecli. Porcup., Trans.
Soy. Soe., Vol. clxir., Ft. 2, p. 732 ; A. Ay ass., Voy.
ChalL, iii., p. 91.

(Not represented.)

ECHINOMETRAD^:.

, Gray, P. Z. S., Lon., 1855, p. 37 ; A. Agass..
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 423.

COLOBOCENTBOTUS.
COLOBOCENTROTUS, Brandt, 1835, Pror?.

COLOBOCENTKOTUS ATBATFS.

Echinus atratus, Linn. St/st. Nat., 1758.

Colobocentrotus atratus, Brandt, Prod. Des. An., 1835; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 424.

(a, o) Mauritius - O.C.

(c) Half denuded of spines, Mauritius - ,,

(d, e) Sandwich Island - Exch.

Hab. Mauritius ; East Coast of Africa ; Java ; Sandwich
Islands.

HETEROCENTROTUS.
HETEROCENTROTUS, Brandt, 1835, Prod. Des. An.

ECHINOIDEA.

HETEROCENTROTUS MAMMILLATUS.

Cidaris mamtnillata, Klein, 1731, Nat. Disp. Ecli.
Heteroeentrotus mammillatus, Brandt, Prod. Des. An., 1835 :
A. Agass., Rev. Eel/., iii., 428.

(a) Ugi, Solomon Islands - - Coll.

(b, c) Ugi, Solomon Island* - ,,

(dtoff) Fiji - O.C.

(htoj) Fiji, denuded tests - „

(k to 111) Fiji, partly denuded - ,,

(ri) Phoanix Islands - Exch.

(0) Ellice Islands - Pres.

Hab. Red Sea; East India Islands; Mauritius; Fiji; Sandwich,
Solomon and New Hebrides Islands.

HETEROCENTROTUS TRIGONARIUS.
Echinus Trigouarius, Lamk., 18 L6, An. Sans Vert.

Heterocentrotus trigouarius, Brandt, Prod. Desc. An., 1835 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 430.

(a, b) Adult. Mauritius - Bght.
(c, d) Young. Mauritius - „

(e) Fiji - Exch.

(/') Fiji (deuuded) - „

Hab. Mauritius; Java; New Caledonia ; Sandwich and Fiji
Islands.

ECHINOMETfiA.

ECHINOMETRA Rondel, 1554, Do Piscil). Mar. (Breyn) ;
A. Ar/ass., Rev. EcJi., iii., p. 431 ; id. Voij. Chall., iii.,
p. 105.

ECHINOMETRA LUCUNTER.

Cidaris lucunter, Leskc, 1778, Kl. Add.

10

ECHINOIDEA.

Echinometra lucunter, Blainv., 1831, Actin. ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ech., iii., p. i3L; i'l- Votj. Chall, iii., Zool, p. 105.

(a to <!) Mauritius. (?) - O.C.

(e to ;') Ugi, Solomon Islands - - Coll.

(k, /) Port Denison - „

(in, cf"c.) Fiji, denuded tests. - O.C.

(n, o) Mauritius. (?) - Exch.

(p, q) Samoa and Fiji Islands - ,,

(/•) Society Islands ,,

(s) West Australia Bght.
Hab. Solomon, Fiji, Sandwich, and East India Islands ; East

and West and North-East Coasts of Australia; Japan; East

Coast of Africa. (0 to 20 faths.)

ECHINOMETKA OBLONGA.

Echinus oblouga, Bl. Diet. Sc. Nat. O., 1S25.
Echinometra oblouga, Blainv., 1834, Actin. \ A. Af/ass., Rev.
Ech., iii., p. 433.

(a) Samoa - Exch.

(b, c) Loc. ? Denuded tests - O.C.

Hab. Sandwich, Philippine, New Hebrides and Mitchell's
Islands ; Solomon Islands, &c.

ECHINOMETRA SUBANGULARIS.

Echinometra michelini, Desml., 1S1G ; Ai/ass. ijf Desor, C. R.
Ann. Sc. Nat., vi., p. 373 ; A. Af/ass., Rec. EC//., i., (Si/n.)
p. 1L6.

Cidaris subangularis, Leske, 17 7S, A'/. AJJ.

Echinometra subangularis, Desml., S//n., 1S37 ; A. Avass., Rev.
Ech., iii., p. 434; id ii., p. 283; id. Toy. Chall. Zool,
iii., p. 106.

(a, 1) Jamaica - Exch.

(c) Loc. ? • O.C.

Hab. St. Vincent and Cape Verde Islands ; Asceusiou Island ;
West India Islands ; Brazil ; Bermudas, &c.

ECHINOIDEA. 1 1

ECHINOMETRA VIRIDIS.

Echinornetra viridis, A. Agass., 1863, Bull. If. C. Z., i., p. 22 ;

A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., i.,p. 117, 284, Si/n. ; id. Rev. Ecli.,

iii., p. 435.

Echinometra plana, A. Agass., 1863, _5«^/. Jf. C. Z., i.
Echinornetra michiliui, Lutken, 1864 C«OH T)esml. iiec A. Agass).

(«) Jamaica - Exch.

(6) - - O.C.

Hab. West India Islands.

PARASALENIA.

PARASALENIA, A. Agass., 1863, 5?«//. M. C. Z., i. ; id. Rer. Ech.,
iii., p. 435.

PARASALENIA ORATIOSA.

Parasalenia gratiosa, A. Agass., 1863, Bull. M.C.Z., i ; id. Rev.

Ecli., iii., p. 435.
ff - Pres.

STOMOPNEUSTES.

STOMOPNEUSTES, Agass., 1841, Moiwg. Scut. Int. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 436.

STOMOPNEUSTES VARIOLARIS.
Echinus variolaris, Lamk., 1816, An. sans Vert..
Stomopneustes variolaris, Agass., 1841, Manor/. Sci/f. Int.

(a) Mauritius, with worn down spines - Bght.

(b) „ „ ,, half denuded ,,

(c) Young, long spines „

(d) „ „ half denuded „
O,/) Mauritius - O.C.

Hab. Mauritius ; New Hebrides ; Java.

12 ECHINOIDEA.

STOMOPNEUSTES VARIOLARIS, Var.

Stouiopneustes atropurpureus, T.- Woods, P. L. 8., N. 8. W.,
1880, p. 198.*

(«) North-East Australia - - Pros.

(b) ,, „ denuded -

(c) Solomon Islands - - Coll.

Hab. Trinity Bay, Queensland ; North- East Coast of Australia,

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS, Brandt, 1835, Prod. desc. An.; A. Ac/ass.,
Rer. Ec^i., ii., p 276 ; id. I. c. iii., p. 438.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS DROBACHIENSIS.
Echinus drobachiensis, Mull., 1776, Zool. Dan. Prod.
Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis, A. Ac/ass., 1872, Rev. Ecli.,

Pt. i., p. 162 ; id. Pt. ii., p. 277 ; id. Pt. iii., p. 441 ;

id. Voij. Cliall. Zool., iii., p. 107 (1881).

(a) East Port Maine - - Exch.

(jb, c) Cape Cod ,,

V ) " ))

(e*) Labrador - „

(/) (Var. neglectus, Lamk.) North Europe ,,

(g) British Columbia - ,,

(*) » » „

Hab. North European and North Pacific Seas ; North-East
Coast of North America.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS TURPURATUS.
Echinus purpuratus, Stimps., 1857, Crust. Ecli. Pacif. Coast.

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, A. Anass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., Pt. i.,
p. 165 ; id. I. c. Pt. iii., p. 449.

(«) California - .... Exch.

Hab. West Coast of America.

*This appears to me to be only a variety of S. variolaris.

ECHINOIDEA. 13

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS FRANCISCTJS.

Toxocidaris franciscana, A. Agass., Bull. Hits. Comp. Zool., i.,
p. 22, 1803.

Toxocidaris globulosa, A. Agass., 1863.

Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, A. Agass., Rev. EcJi., i., p. 163,
1872 ; id. I c. in., p. 442.

(a, ft) Chili - Exch.

Hab. Gulf of California ; Chilian Coasts, S. Am.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS LIVIDUS.
Echinus lividus, Lamk., 1816, Anitn. sans Vert.
Strongylocentrotus lividus, Brandt, 1835, Prod. Desc. An. ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p 446.

(a) Mediterranean.
(J) Beyrut, Med.

Hab. Mediterranean, Atlantic, Azores.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS TUBERCULATUS.
Echinus tuberculatus, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Strongylocentrotus tuberculatus, Brandt., 1835, Prod. Desc. An.;
A. Agass.. Rev. Ech., iii., p. 449.

(a to c) Lord Howe's Island - Coll.

(d, e) „ „ denuded - „

Hab. Lord Howe's Island; Australia; New Zealand ; China
and Japan Seas.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS ERYTHROGRAMMUS.

Strongyloceutrotus erythrograinmus, Vol., Voy. Venus ZoopJit.,
pi. vii., f. 1, 184J ; Jeff. Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 121.

Strongylocentrotus eurythrogrammus, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. EcJi.,
Pt. i., p. 163 ; id. Pt. iii., p. 441 ; id. Voy. CTiall, iii ,
p. 106.

(a tof, Sfc.) Port Jackson - ... Coll.

(ff to 1) „ „ denuded tests - „

14 ECHINOIDEA.

(m, n) Port Phillip - • Coll.

(0, p) Tasmania - »

(r) Newcastle, large tests - - Pres.

Hab. Australian Coasts ; Tasmania ; Japanese Seas ; "West
Indian Ocean.*

SPH^ERECHINUS (Strong ylocentrotus) .

SPH^RECHINUS, Desor, 1857, Si/n. des Ech. Foss.
STRONGTLOCENTROTUS, A. Agass., Rev. Ech., Hi., p. 451 ; id Yoy.
Chall, iii., p. 106.

SPHVERECHINUS QRANTJLARIS.

Echinus granularis, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Sphjerechinus granularis, A. Agass., 1863, Bull. Mus. Comp.

Zool., i. ; id. Rev. EcJi., iii., p. 452; id. Rep. Chall., iii.,

p. 106.
Echinus brevispinosus, Risso, 1826 ; Val., Anat. des Ecli., t. 1,

1841.
Toxopneustes brevispinosus, Agass. fy Desor., 1846, C. R. Ann.

Sc. Nat., vi., p. 367.

(a, ft) Bay of Naples - Bght.

(c) Mediterranean - - Exch.

Hab. Mediterranean and Coast of Africa.

SPH^ERECHINUS AUSTRALIA.

Sphaerechinus Australiae, A. Agass., 1872, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., Vol. iii. ; id. Rev. Ech., iii., p. 451 ; id. Vorj. Gliall.
\\\.,p. 106.

(a, b) South Australia.

(c, d) Ugi, Solomon Islands.

Hab. Solomon Islands ; North and North-East Australia ;
New Zealand ; Mauritius.

* Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 162.

ECHINOIDEA.

15

PSEUDOBOLETIA (Strongylocentrotmj.

PSEUDOBOLETIA Troscli., 186!), Verhdl. d. Nat. Ver.f Rheinl. u.
West. ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., in., p. 454.

(Not represented.)

ECHINOSTKEPHUS.
ECHINOSTREPIIUS, A. Afjass., 1863, Bull. M. C. Z., i.

ECHINOSTREPITUS MOLARE.

Eckinometra setosa Humph., Amb. Rar. Kam., 1705.
Echinostrephus molare, A. Ar/ass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., Pt. i., p. 119 ;

id. Pt. iii., p. 457.

(a) Lord Howe's Island - - Coll.

(*)
Hab. Lord Howe's Island ; Society Islands ; Zanzibar ; Natal.

ECHINID/E.

Family ECHINIDAE, Ac/assiz, 1846, Cat. Rais. Ann. Sc. Nat., vi.
(emend). (A. dgass. Rev. Ecli., iii, p. 458.)

TEMNOPLEURID/E.

Sub- Fa mil if TEMNOPLEURID.E, Desor, 1855, Si/n. Ecli. Foss.

TEMNOPLEUEUS.

TEMNOPLEURUS, Agass., 1841, Int. Mon. Scut. ; A. Agass., Voij.
Cliall., iii., p. 107 ; Rev. Ech., iii., p. 460.

PLEURECHINUS, Aaass., 1841, Mong. Scut. ; A. Afjass., Voy.
Cliall., Zool, iii., p. 108.*

TEMXOPLETJRUS TOREUMATICUS.
Cidaris toreumatica, Klein., 1734., Nat. Disp. Ecli.

*See Professor Duncan's Paper on the Plcurcchinua of L. Agassiz,
Journal Linn. Soc., Zool., xvi., No. 94, p. 447 (1882).

16 ECHINOIDEA.

Temnopleurus toreutnaticus, Agass., 1841, Monog. Scut. ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii , p. 463 ; Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 119.
(a) Port Denison - Coll.

llab. Eastern and Northern Australia ; China, Japan Seas ;
East Indian Ocean.

PRIONECHINUS, A. Agass. MICRO JYPHUS, Agass.

TEMNECHINUS, Forbes TRIGONOCIDARIS, A. Agass.

(Not represented.)

SALMACIS.
SALMACIS, Agass., 1841, Val. Anat. Gen. Ecli.

SALMACIS BICOLOR.

Salmacis bicolor, Agass. , 1841, Val. Anat. Gen. Ecli. ; Agass.
and Desor, Gat. Rats., Ann. Sc. (3) vi., p. 359 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 471 ; EM, Voy. Alert, p. 118 ; id. P. Z. S.,
1880, p. 248.

(«) Port Denison - . Coll.

(b, c, d) Cossack, West Australia - - Bght.

(/) » „ juv.

Hab. Inter-Tropical Australia ; Port Denison ; E,ed Sea ;
Indian Ocean; Mozambique.

SALMACIS DUSSUMIERI.

Salmacis dussumieri, Agass., 184G, C. R., Ann. Sc. Nat., Vol. vi.,
(3) p. 359; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 473 ; Bell, Vo,/.
Alert, p. 171.

(a b, c) Port Jackson, dredged 4 to 7 fathoms,

sand and shells .... Coll.

(rf) Port Denison
(e) Ugi, Solomon Islands -

Hab. Port Jackson ; East and North-Eastern Australia ;
China Seas ; Solomon Islands.

ECHINOIDEA. 17

SALMACIS ALEXANDRI.

Salmacis globator, form A, Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, pp. 431, 433,

pi. xli., figs. 1 to 7.

Salmacis globator, A. Agass., Rev. EcJi., iii., p. 473 (part).
Salmacis alexandri, Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 108.

(« tof) Port Jackson - Coll.
(g, h) „ White-spined var. „

(i, j, Sfc.) „ Denuded tests „

*

Hab. Port Jackson and East Coast of Australia.

SALMACIS GLOBATOR.

Salmacis globator, A. Agass., Rev. EcJi., iii., j?. 473 (part).
Salmacis globator, form B, Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, pp. 431, 433,
pi xli., figs. 2, 3, 8.

(See infra.)

SALMACIS RARISPINA.

Salmacis rarispina, Agass. ; Agass. fy Desor, 1846, C. R., Ann. Sc.
Nat. (3), vi., p. 359; A. Agass, Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 457;
Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 429 ; A. Agass., Voy. Cludl, iii.,
p. 113.

(a tof) Port Denison - Coll.

(g, h) Port Jackson - - „

Hab. East and North- East Coast of Australia; Port Jackson,
&c. ; Philippine Islands ; China ; Siam.

SALMACIS SULCATA.

Salmacis sulcatus, Agass. ; Agass. fy Desor, 1846, C. R., Ann. Sc.
Nat. (3), vi., p. 349; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 476 ;
id. Voy. Chall, iii., p. 114 ; Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 430.
(a tof) Port Jackson, dredged 3 to 10 faths. - Coll.
Hab. Australian East Coast (Port Jackson, Port Denison,
Port Molle), Philippine Islands ; Mozambique ; Eed Sea.

* Numerous forms varying in the shape of the test, and in the color of
the spines, dredged together in Port Jackson, plentiful in September to
January on sand and shells, 5 faths.

1 8 ECHINOrDEA.

SALMACIS SP. ?
(a) Port Jackson, 3 to 10 faths. - Coll.

SALMACIS? SP.
(a) A pyriforru urchin, locality ? (See infra.)

MESPILIA.

MESPILIA, Desor, 1846, Catal. Raisonne, Ann. Sc. Nat., vi.,
p. 357 ; A. Agass. Rev. Ech., iii., p. 477.

MESPILIA OLOBULUS.

Mespilia globulus, Agass. ; Agass. fy Desor, Cat. Rais. in Ann.
des Sc. Nat., 1846 (3), p. 358, pi. xv., fig. 17 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., iii., p. 477 ; Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 434.

(M)

Hab. Samoa, New Hebrides Islands; New Caledonia; Celebes,
New Guinea ; North and East Coast of Australia.

»

AMBLYPNEUSTES.

AMBLTPNEUSTES, Agass., 1841, Int. Honog. Scut. ; Bell, P. Z. S.,
1880, p. 435 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 478.

AMBLTPNEUSTES OVUM.

Echinus ovum, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.

Amblypneustes ovum, Agass. ; Agass. fy Desor, 1846, C. R. Ann.

Sc. Nat., vi. (3), ^.362 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ul, p. 480 ;

Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 435.

(a tof) Port Jackson, 3 to 8 faths. - - - Coll.
(ff to I) „ denuded tests - ,,

(m, c^c.) ,, immature and young - „

O) Newcastle, large, denuded test - - - Pres.

Hab. Australian Seas, East Coasts.

ECHINOEDEA. 19

AMBLYPNETTSTES GRISEUS.

Echinus griseus, Blainv., 1825, Diet. Sc. Nat. O.
Amblypneustes griseus, Agass. ; Agass. <$f Desor, G. R. Ann. Sc.
Nat., vl (3), p. 362, 1841, Int. Mon. Scut. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., HI, p. 480.

(a, b) Botany, denuded tests - Coll.

Hab. Australia, East and South-East Coasts.

AMBLYPNEUSTES FORMOSUS.

Amblypneustes formosus, Val., 1846, Toy. Venus; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., iii., p. 479 ; Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 437.

(a) Queen's Beach, Botany, Cook's River - - Coll.
Hab. East and South-East Coasts of Australia.

HOLOPNEUSTES.

HOLOPNEUSTES, Agass., 1841, Anat. gen. Ech.; Agass. &f Dessor,
G. R. Ann. Sc. Nat. (3) vi., p. 364.

HOLOPNEUSTES POROSISSIMUS.
Cidaris granulata (Agass.) 1841.
Holopneustes porosissinius, Agass ; Agass. fy Dessor, 1846, R. G.

An. Sc. Nat. (3), vi., p. 364 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii.,

p. 484 ; Bell, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 439.

(«)

Hab. East and South Coasts of Australia.

HOLOPNEUSTES PURPURASCENS.

Amblypneustes purpurascens, LutJc., 1872, in A. Agass., Bull.

Mus. Comp. Zool., iii. ; id. Rev. Ech., iii., p. 485.
Holopneustes purpurascens, A. Agass., 1872, Bull. M. C. Z., iii. ;

A. Agass., Voy. Ghall., iii., p. 114.

(a) Port Jackson - Coll.

Hab. East Coast of Australia, 5 to 15 faths.

20 ECHINOIDEA.

TRIPLECHIN I.D/E.

Sub- Family TEIPLECHINID/E, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech., ii. ;
id. I. c. in., p. 487 ; id. Voy. Chatt., iii., p. 114.

PHYMOSOMA.

PHTMOSOMA, Haime, 1853, D'Arcli. et Haime, An.foss. Inde.

(Not represented.)

HEMIPEDINA.

HEMTPEDINA, Wright, 1855, Brit. Ool. Ech. ; A. At/ass., Rev.
Ecli., ii., p. 291 ; id. I. c. iii., p. 488.
(Not represented.)

ECHINUS.

ECHINUS, Rondel., 1554, De Piscib. (Linn.) (emend.) ; A. Ac/ass.,
Rev. Ech., ii., p. 293 ; id. I. c. iii., p. 489 ; id. Voy. ClialL,
m., p. 114 ; Agass. fy Dessor, C. R. An. Sc. Nat., vi. (3),
p. 364.

ECHINUS ESCULENTUS.
Echinus subglobosus, Linn., 1745, Fauna Suec.

Echinus esculentus, Linn., 1758, Syst. Nat.; A. Agass., Rev.
Ecli., m.,p. 491.

Echinus sphaera, Hull, 1776, Prod. Zool. Dan., p. 235.

(a) German Sea Coast - - Exch.

(b, c, d) Norway, denuded tests - ,,

Hab. English Channel ; Norway, &c.

ECHINUS MELO.

Echinus melo, LamJc., 1816, Anim. sans Vert. ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ech., iii., p. 493 ; Agass. $ Dessor, C. R. An. Sc. Nat.,
vi. (3), p. 365.

(«) Mediterranean . . . Exch

<»> - ------„'

Hab. Mediterranean.

ECHINOIDEA. 21

ECHINUS MAGELLANICUS.

Echinus magellanicus, Phill., 1857, Wieg. Arch., \.

(a) Dunedin, New Zealand - Exch.

Stewart's Island, N.Z. - - „

Hab. Patagonia ; Chili ; New Zealand ; Australia ?

ECHINUS ANGULOSUS.
Cidaris angulosa, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add.

Echinus angulosus, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech. i., p. 122 ; id. iii.,
p. 489; Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 121 (1884).

(a) Stewart's Island, N.Z. - Exch.

(b) Cape Campbell, N.Z. -

ECHINUS DAENLEYENSIS.

Echinus darnleyensis, J. E. Tenison- Woods, Proc. Linn. Soc.,
N. 8. W., ii., p. 165 ; Bell, Voy. Alert (1884), p. 121.

(a) Type of the species, Darnley Island, S. E.

Coast of New Guinea - - Pres.

(b, c, d) Darnley Island, Voy. of the "Chevert" „

Hab. Torres Straits (Thursday, Prince of Wales and Darnley
Islands,) and S.E. Coast of New Guinea.

ECHINUS MICROTUBEKCULATUS.

Echinus rnicrotuberculatus, Blainv., 1825, Diet. Sc. JV., xxxvii.,
p. 88 ; Agass. Sf Lessor, C. E. An. Sc. Nat., vi. (3), p. 368 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., i., p. 124 ; id. I. c. iii., p. 494.

Echinus parvituberculatus, Blainv., 1834, Man. d' actin., p. 228.

(a) Dalmatia, Adriatic - Exch.

Hab. Mediterranean ; Cape Verde Islands.

TOXOPNEUSTES.

Toxopneustes, Agass., 1841, Int. Mon. Scut. ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ech., ii., p 496 ; Voy. Chall., iii., p. 117.

22 ECHINOIDEA.

TOXOPNEUSTES VARIEQATUS.

Echinus variegatus, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Toxopneustes variegatus, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech., i., p. 168 ;

id. 1. c. iii., p. 500.

(«) Bahia - - Exch.

(J) Florida - »

Hab. West Indies ; Bermudas ; South Carolina ; Gulf of
Florida; Brazil.

TOXOPNEUSTES PILEOLUS.

Echinus pileolus, Letmk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert.
Toxopneustes pileolus, Agass., 1841, Int. Monog. Scut. ; A. Agass.,

Eev. Ech., iii., p. 497.

(a, b, c) Mauritius - - Pres.

(d) „ denuded test - „

TOXOPNEUSTES LIVIDUS.
See Strongylocentrotus lividus.

TRIPNEUSTES.

TRIPNEUSTES, Agass., 1841, p. viii., in Vol. Anat. gen. Echinus;
Bell, P. Z. 8., 1879, p. 657.

HIPPONOE, Gray, 1855, P.Z.S., p. 36; A. Agass., Eev. Ecli.,
iii, p. 500.

TRIPNEUSTES ANGULOSUS.
Cidaris variegata, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add.
Hipponoe variegata, A. Agass., Rev. Ech., i., p. 135 ; id. iii.,

p. 501.
Tripneustes angulosus, Leske; Bell, P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 657, 661 ;

id. Voy. Alert, p. 121 (1884).

(a to d) Lord Howe's Island - Coll.

(e,f) „ „ „ (showing anal and

actinal systems) - „

Ilab. Mauritius ; Eed Sea ; N. S. Wales Coast ; Port Jackson ;
Lord Howe's Island.

ECHINOIDEA. 23

TKIPNEUSTES ESCULENTUS.
Tripneustes esculentus, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add.
Cidaris variegata, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add. fSee Bell, P. Z. S.,
1879, pp. 655, 662.)

(a) Mauritius - - - - Exch.

(*) „ Bght.

(c) „ denuded - „

Hab. Forida ; Surinam ; Mauritius ; West Indies.

EVECHINUS (Ripponoe).

EVECHINUS, Ferrill, 1871, Notes on Radiata ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ecli., iii, 502.

EVECHINUS CHLOROTICUS.
Echinus chloroticus, Fal., 1846, Voy. Venus.

Evechinus chloroticus, Ferrill, 1871, Notes on Radiata ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., iii., p. 502.

(a, b, c) Dunedin, New Zealand - - Exch.

(d, e) Cape Campbell „ „

Hab. Coasts of New Zealand.

EVECHINUS AUSTRALIA.

Evechinus australiae, Tenison- Woods, Proc, Linn. Soc. of N.S.W.,
ii., p. 167.

(a, b, c) Port Jackson.* Types of the species - Pres.

* These specimens were obtained on a small sea beach about three
miles north of Port Jackson Heads.

24 ECniNOIDEA.

CLYPEASTRIDA.

CLYPEASTKIDA, A. Agass., Voy. Chall., iii., p. 118.

Sub-Order CLYPEASTRID^E, Agass., 1836, Prod. Hon. Bad. ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 504.

EUCLYPEASRID/E.

Family EUCLYPEASTRID^;, Hceckel, 1866, Generelle Morphologic;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 505 ; Voy. Ckall., iii., p. 118.

FIBULARINA.

Sub- Family FIBULAEINA, Gray, 1855, Gat. Rec. Ech. ( 'emend. J,
p. 65 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 505 ; id. Voy. Chall.,
iii., p. 118.

ECHINOCTAMUS.

ECHINOCYAMUS, Van Phels., 1774 ; Agass. fy Dessor, C. R. An.
Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 140.

ECHINOCYAMUS PUSILLUS.

Spatagus pusillus, Mull., 1776, Prod. Zool. Dan.

Echinocyarnus pusillus, Gray, 1825, Ann. PHI., p. 6 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., ii., p. 304 ; ?W. Z. c. iii., /?. 505 ; id. Voy. Chall.,
iii., p. 118.

(«)

Hab. English Channel and Norway ; Azores ; Mediterranean ;
Florida.

?EcniNOCYAWUS SP. NOV.

(a) Port Stephens, 25 to 35 faths. - - - Coll.

ECHINOIDEA. 25

FIBULAEIA.

FIBULARIA, Lamk., An. sans Vert., 1816 ; Agassi, fy Desor,
C. R. An. Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 142 ; Gray, Cat. Bee. Ech ,
1855, pp. 3, 28.

FlBULARIA AUSTRALIS.

Fibularia australis, Desml., 1837, Tall. Syn , 240 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech,, iii., p. 506 ; id. Voy. Chall., iii., p. 119 ;
Ac/ass, cj- Desor, C. R. An. Sc. Nat. vii. (3), p. 142.

(«) Port Jackson, 7 faths. - - Coll.

Hab. East Coast of Australia, 3 to 40 faths. (off Port Stephens
and Port Jackson Heads) ; Japan ; Sandwich Islands.

FIBULARIA OVULUM.

Echinus minutus, Pall., 1774, Spic. Zool , ix., pi. l,f. 3a.
Fibularia ovulum, Lunik., Aniiu. sans Vert., p. 17 ; Agass. fy Desor,
G. R. An. Sc. Nat., vii. (3),/>. 142 ; A. Ayass., Rev. Ech.,
iii., p. 507 ; Gray, Cat. Rec. Ecli., 1855., p. 30.
Echinocyamus ovuluui, Gray, Ann. Phil., 1825,^. 6.

(a) Mauritius - Exch.

(6) Port Jackson - Coll.

Hab. Mauritius ; Indian Ocean ; Philippine Islands.

FIBULARIA VOLVA.

Fibularia volva, At/ass. ; Agass. Sf Desor, 1847, C. R. An. Sc.
Nat., vii. (3), p. 142 ; A. Ai/ass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 509 ;
id. Voy. Cliall, iii., p. 11!).

(«) Torres Straits, North Australia • Coll.

Hab. North Coast of Australia ; Bed Sea ; Formosa.

FIBULARIA OBLONGA.
Fibularia oblouga, Gray, GatrRec. Ech., p. 30.

(a to — ) New Caledonia, dredged 5 to 10 laths. Pres.
(il to — ) Port Stephens, 24 faths. - Coll.

26 ECHINOIDEA.

ECHINANTHID/E.

Sub-Fti»iili/ ECIIINANTIIID.E, A. Af/fiss., 1872, Rev. Ecli., iii.,
p. 510 ; id. 1. c., ii., p. 300.

CLYPEASTER.

CLYPEASTER, Laink., 1816, Anim. san* Vert. (Niill. emend.) ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ii., p. 306; id. I. c., hi., p. 510;
id. Voi/. Chall., iii., p. 119.

CLYPEASTEB. HUMILIS.

Eciiinauthus humile, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add., pi. xix ,/ A B.
Clypeaster humilis, ^t. A</as#., 1872, #cu<. j&t7/., i.,//. 100 ; *W. Z. c.,
iii., p. 510; *V. T7"^/. C7///?//., iii., p, 110; i>V//, 7"w//. .-Ifor/,
p. 122.
(«,i,c) Port Denisou(Grloucester Passage) 10 ftlis. Coll.

(^''j ;> . !5 )? ))

Hab. North and North-East Coasts of Australia ; lied Sea ;
New Caledonia ; East India Islands.

ANOMALANTHUS.
ECUINANTHUS, Tenison-Wbods, Proc. Linn. Soc. of N.S. W., ii.,

p. 169.
ANOMALANTHUS, Sell, P. Z. S., Lond., l^sl-, p. 40, pi. ii.

ANOMALANTHUS TUMIDUS.

Echinanthus tumidus, Tenison- Wood*, Proc. Linn. Soc. of

N.S.W., ii., p. 169.
Auomalauthus tumidus, Bell, P. Z. S., Lond., 188i, p. 40, pi. ii.

(«) T}Tpe of the geuus and species ; Australian

Coast - - O.C.

Hab. Australian Seas.

ECHINANTHUS.

ECIIINANTIIUS, tirryn., 1732, Schediasma, (emend.) ; A. Agasi*.,
Rev. Ecli., ii.,p. 310: id. 1. c. ii., p. 514; id. Voy. C/iall.,
iii., p. 120.

ECIUNOIDEA. 27

EcniNANTTTUS TESTDTHNARIUS.

Echinanthus testudinarius, Gray, 1851, P. Z. S., Loud , p. 35 ;
A. Aaass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 514 ; id. Voi/. Cliall., iii., p. 120.

(a, b, e) Port Jackson, 5 to 7 faths. ... Coll.
Port Denison -

LAGAN I D/E.

Sufi-Family LAGANID.E, Des., 1857, Synops , p. 217 f emend, J ;
A. Affass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 510.

LAGANUM.

LAGANUM, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ech. Laganum, dyass. 184-1.
ECHTNODISCUS, Leske, 1778 ; ECHINUS, GmrL, 1788.
CLTPEASTER, Lamk., 1816 ; SCUTELLA, Lamk., 1810.
LAOANUM, A. Ayass., Rev. Eeli., iii., p. 510; PERONELLA, Gray,
1855, Oat. Rec. Ech.

LAGANUM DEPRESSUM.

Laganum depressum, Less., 1841, in Af/ass. Mon. Scid.,p. 110;
A. Affass., Rev. Ecli., i\\.,p. 518 ; id. 1. c., i., p. 138.

(ff) Samoa - Exch.

Hab. Solomon Islands ; North and North-East Australia ;
Torres Straits ; Islands of the Pacific Ocean, between the
Tropics ; Mauritius ; Philippine and Fiji Islands, &c.

LAGANUM (Peronella) DECAGONALE.

Laganum decagonale, Bell, Voy. Alert, pp. 122, 171 ; id. Ann.

anil Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), xi., p. 130.

Peronella decagonalis, A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 520 ; id. 1. c.,
i., p. 148; JM1, Proc. Linn. 8oc., N.S.W., 1884, ix.,
p. 502.

(<? to g ) Port Denison, 3 to 20 fathoms - Coll.

(h to k) West Australia - - Bght.

(/ to n) New Caledonia - - Pres.

Hab. Fiji Islands ; East and North Coasts of Australia ;
New Caledonia.

28 ECHINOIDEA.

LAGANUM (Peronella) PERONII.

Laganum Peronii, Agass., 1841, Int Mon. Scut., p. 123, pi. xxii. ;

Bell, Voij. Alert, p. 171 ; id Proc. Linn. Soc., N.S.W.,

(1884), i\,p.p. 503, 505-6.
Peronella peronii, Gray, 1855, Cat. Bee. Ech., p. 13 ; A. Agass.,

Rev. Ech , iii., p. 522 ; id. Voy. ClialL, iii., j?. 121.

(« to/) Port Jackson, 5 to 10 fathoms, sand and

shells, sandy mud - Coll.

(ff to j) Port Jackson, denuded tests - ,,

(Jc to — ) Broughton Islands, off Port Stephens,

25 to 35 fathoms ,,

Hab. Tasmania ; Eastern and Northern Coasts of Australia ;
Philippine Islands ; off Port Jackson, 35 fathoms, " Challenger."

LAGANUM {Peronella} SP. NOV. ?

(a to f) Broughton Islands, 35 fathoms • Coll.

(Perhaps young of L. peronii, 0'3 to 0'5 inch.)

Hab. East Coast of Australia; Port Stephens.

SCUTELLID/E.

Family SCTTTELLIDAE, Agass., 1841, Mon. Scut., (emend).

ECHIN ARACHNITIS (ScuteUa).

ECHINARACHNIUS, Van PJiels., Agass. §" Desor, G. R. Ech. Ann.
Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 133 (1847) ; A. Agass., Rev. Edi.,
ii., p 315 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 524.

ECHINAEACHNIUS (Sciltella} PARMA.

Scutella parma, Lawk., 181G, Aniin. sans Vert., p. 11.

Echinarachnius parma, Gray, 1825, Ann. Phil., 2^ • G ; A. Agnus.,
Rev. Ech., ii., p. 316; id I. c. \\\.,p. 528.

(a to i) Vineyard, Mass. - Exch.

(_;', k} Nantucket, N. A. „

Hab. North America ; Labrador ; ATancouver Island, &c. ;
Australia. (?)

ECHINOIDEA. 29

EcniNARAcnxius (Scutella) EXCENTRICUS.
Scutolla excentrica, Escli., 1829, Zool. Atl., pi. xx.,/ 2.

Echinarachnius excentricus, Veil., 1S4G, Voi/. Venus, pi. x ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 524.

0, i) " Marro," California - - Exch.

Hab. California ; Kamschatka, &c.

AKACHNOIDES.

ARACHNOIDES, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ech. ; Af/ass. cf Desor,
C. R. Ech. Ann. Sc. Nat,, 1847, vii. (3), p. 134.

ARACHNOIDES PLACENTA.

Echinus placenta, Linn., 1758, Si/st. Nat.

Arachnoides placenta, Agass., 1841, Mon. Scut,, p. 94, tal. 21,
fig. 35-42 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., \\\.,p. 530.

Echinarachnius Zelandire, Gray, 1845, Die/enb. Voy., ii., p. 2G5.
Arachnoides Zelandise, Gray, 1855, (7^^. ^tec. ^c/*., p. 14,
Jrf- "., /• 2.

(« /o/, 4"^-) Port Denison, between tides on sand - Coll.

(f/} California Exch.

(//) Sunnier, New Zealand „

Hab. North-East and North Australia ; Port Denison ;
Hiuchenbrook Channel ; East India Islands ; Burtnah ; New
Zealand.

ECHINODISCUS.

EcniNODTScus,£m/«., 1732, De Echin. Schedirrs. (LesTce, emend) ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., i., p. 112; id. 1. c. iii., p. 531;
Voy. ChalL, iii., p. 121.

ECHINODISCUS BIFORIS.

Et-hinodiscus bisperforatus, LcsJce, 177S, Kl Add., p. 132,
pi. xxi.,/! A, B.

30 EcnnsroiDEA.

Echinodiscus biforis, A. Agass., 1872, Err. Ecli , i., p. 113 ;

id. 1. c. iii., p. 532.

(ft, 1) North Carolina, America - - Exch.

Hab. Madagascar ; Java ; Mozambique.

ECHINODISCUS AURITUS.

Echinodiscus auritus, Leske, 1778, Klein, Add. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 531.

(ff) "West Australia - Bght.

Hab. Zanzibar; Philippine Islands ; West Australia.

ECHINODISCUS L^EVIS.

Mellita la-vis, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ecli.

Echinodiscus Itevis, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., i., p. 113 ;
id. 1. c. iii., p. 533.

(rt, b) New Caledonia - Pres.

Hab. New Caledonia ; Japan ; East India Islands.

MELLITA.

MELLITA, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ecli. (pars.j ; A. Agass , Rev.
Ecli., ii , p. 319 ; ill I c. i., p. 140 ; id I c. iii., p. 334.

EcniNODiscus, Leske, 1788, KL Add. (pars.) ; ENCOPE, Agass.,
1841, Monog. Scut, (pars.) ; ECHINOGLYCUS, Van Plieh.,
Gray, 1855, Cat. Rec. Ecli., pp. 19 to 26 (pars.)

MELLITA SEXFORIS.

Echinodiscus sexiesperforata, Leske, 1778.
Echinus hexaporus, Gmel, 1788, Linn. Syst. Nat., 3189.
Scutella sexforis, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 9.
Mellita sexforis A. Aaass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., i., p. 141 ; id. I c.
iii., p. 536 ; id. 1. c. ii., p. 320 ; *W. Yoy. Chall, iii., ;;. 121.

(a fof) Beaufort, North Carolina, America - Exch.

Hab. West Indies ; Tropical America, E. C. ; Bermudas ;
Florida.

ECHINOIDEA. 31

MELLITA TESTUDINATA.

Mellita testudinata, Klein, 1731; Agass., 18-41.
Echinus orbiculus, Linn., 1758, Syst. Nat. E<l. x., p GGG.
Mellita testudiuaria, Gray, 1851, P. Z. S., Loud., p. 30 ; id. Cat.

Bee. Ecli., p. 22 (L855).
Mellita testudinata, A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ii., p. 322; id. I. c i ,

p. 141 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 538.

(«) "West Indies - Exch.

Ilab. North and South Carolina ; Brazil ; West India Islands.

MELLITA (Astriclypeus).

ASTRICLTPEUS, Verrill, 1867, Notes on Radiata, p. 311 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., i, p. 93 ; iii , p. 538.

(Not represented.)

EOTULA.

KOTULA, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ech. ; Agass. $ Desor, C. .R.
Ech., Ann. Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 138 (1847) ; Aya**., 1841,
Hon. Scut. ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., i , p. 154 ; id. iii., p. 540.
(Not represented.)

ENCOPE.

ENCOPE, Agass., 1840, Gat. Syst. Etyp. ; Aaass. $ Desor, C. R.
Ech., Ann. Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 137 (1847) ; A. Aaass.,
Rev. Ech., i\.,p. 324; id. Hi., p. 544; id, Voy. Chall., iii.,
p. 122 ; ECHINOOLTCUS, Gray, Gat. Rec. Ech., 1855,
pp. 24, 25.

ENCOPE EMAKQINATA.

Echinodiscus einarginatus, Leske, 1778, Klein, Add., p. 136.
Encope emarginata, Agass., 1841, Man. Scut., p. -47, tab. 10 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ii., p. 325 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 545.

(«) New Caledonia ? Pres.

(i) Bahia -
Ilab. Brazil ; West Indies ; Tropical America.

32 ECHINOIDEA.

PETALOSTICHA.

Sub-Order PETALOSTICH.V, Hackel, 18G6, Generelle Morphologic
(emend).

CASSIDULI D/E.

Family CASSIDULIDA.K, Ac/ass., 1817 ; Ar/ass. fy Desor, Catal.
Rais. Ecli. Ann. Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 143 ; A. Ac/ass., Rev.
EcTi., iii., p. 549.

ECH I NON I D/E .

Sub-Family ECHINONID.I:, Agass., 1847, C. R. Ann. Sc. Nat., vii.
,^. 143 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 550 ; id. ii.,p. 332.

ECHINONEUS.

EUHINONEUS, Van P/iels., 1774, Brief. ; Agass. fy Desor, C. R.
Ecli., Ami. Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 143 (1847) ; A. Ayass.,
Rev. Ecli., \i., p. 332; iii., p. 550.

ECHINONEUS SEMILTJNAEIS.

Echinus semilunaris, GmeL, 1788, Linn. Syst. Nat.
Echiuoueus semilunaris, Laink., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 19 ;
A. Atjass., Rev. Ecli., i., p. 118 ; ii., p. 333 ; iii., p. 551.

(a, b) Loc. ? - O.C.

Hab. West Indies ; Florida.

ECHINONEUS CYCLOSTOMUS.

Echinone'us cyclostonaus, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add., p. 173; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., i., p. 118 ; iii., p. 550.

(a, V) Mauritius.

Hab. Inter-Tropical Australia ; Prince of "Wales Channel
(Voy. "Alert"); Kingsinills Islands; Zanzibar.

ECHINOIDEA. 33

NUCLEOLID/E.

Sub-Family NUCLEOLID.*;, Agass. fy Desor (1847), G. E. Ech.,
Ann. Sc. Nat., vii., p. 153 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ui., p. 551.

NEOLAMPAS.

NEOLAMPAS, A. Agass., 1869, Bull. M. C. Z., i. ; id. Rev. Ech.,
iii., p. 551 ; id. ii., p. 340.

(Not represented.)

RHYNCHOPYGTJS.

RHYNCHOPYQUS, D'Orbig., 1855, Pal. Franc., vi. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., ii, p. 342 ; iii., p. 553.

EHYNCHOPYGUS PACIFICUS.

Pygorhynchus pacificus, Agass., 1863, Bull. M. C.Z., \.,p. 27.
Rhyuchopygus pacificus, A. Agass., Rev. Ech., i., p. 153 ; id. I. c.
\\\.,p. 554.

(a) Acapulco, Peru - Exch.

Hab. G-alapagos Islands ; Panama ; California ; Peru.

ECHINOBRISSUS.

ECHINOBEISSUS, Breyn., 1732, Scliediasma de Ecliin. (pars.) ;
A. Agass,, Rev. Ech., iii., p. 555.

ECHINOBRISSUS RECENS.

JSTucleolites recens, Edw., 1836, Guv. Regn. Anim. Ed. III.
Ecliiuobrissus recens, D'Orb., 1854, Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 24 ;

A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 556.

(a) - Exch.

Hab. New Zealand, Madagascar.

NUCLEOLITES (Echinobrissus) .

NUCLEOLITES, LainJc., 1801, Anim. sans Vert, (pars.) ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., iii., p. 557 ; Agass. $ Desor, C. R. Ech., Ann.
Sc. Nat., vii. (3), p. 153.

(Not represented.)

34 ECHINOIDEA.

ANOCHANUS (EchinobrissusJ.

ASTOCIIANUS, Grube, 1808, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin, March., p. 178.

(Not represented.)

SPATANGI D/E.

Family SPATANGIDJE, Agass., 183G, Prod. Mon. Rad. (emend.) ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 561 ; Gray, Cat. Bee. Ech.,
1855, pp. 38-9.

AN ANCH YTI D/E.

Sub-Family ANANCIIYTID.E, Alb. Gras, 1818, Ech. foss. Isere;
A. Ayass., Reo. Ech , ii., p. 314 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 561.

POURTALESIA.

POUETALESIA, A. Agass., 18(59, jBwW. J/". C. Z., i., y?. 272 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ii., p. 311; iii., /?. 501 ; S. Loucn.
Acad. Sc. Sweden, June, 1879-82.

(Not represented.)

HOMOLAMPUS.

HOMOLAMPUS, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech., \.,p. 137 ; id. \\.,p. 317;
id. iii., p. 502.

(Not represented.)

PLATYBRISSUS.

PLATYBRISSUS, Grube, 1805 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 562.

(Not represented.)

SPATANGINA.

Sub- Family Si'ATANQlNA, Gray, 1855, Gat. Rec. Ech., p. GO ;
A. Agass., I. c. iii., p. 501.

EUSPATANOINA, A. Agass., Rec. Ech., i., p. 219.

ECHINOIDEA. 35

SPAT ANGUS.

SPATANGUS, Klein, 1734, Nat. Diftp. Ecli. ; Agass fy Desor, C. R.
Ecli., Ann. Sc. Nat., viii. (3), 1847, p. G; Gray (1S55),
Cat. Sec. Ecli., pp. 47, GO.

SPATANGUS PURPUREUS.

Spatangus purpureus, Mull., 177G, Prod., ii., 2850, t. G, Zool.
Dan.

Spatangus purpureus, Leske, 1778, Kl., Add., p. 170 ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., I, p. 218 ; id. HI, p. 5G5.

(«) Mediterranean - - Prea.

Hab. German Ocean, Mediterranean.

MARETIA.

MARETIA, Gray, 1855, Cat. Rec. Ecli., p. 48. ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ecli., iii., p. 568.

MARETIA PLANULATA.
Spatangus ovatus, Leske, 1778, Kl. Add.
Spatangus planulatus, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 31.
Maretia planulata, Gray, Cat. Rec. Ecli., 1855, p. 48; A. Ac/ass.,
Rev. Ecli., \\i.,p. 570; Bell, Toy. Alert, p. 123.

(a to c} New Caledonia, 10 faths. - Pres.
(d tof) „ denuded „

(ff, A) Claremont Islands - - Coll.
(i,j) Port Denison, 3 to 5 faths. „

(k, 1) Port Jackson, 3 to 6 „ „

(»z) Mauritius - - Exch.

Hab. Mauritius ; East and North Coasts of Australia
(abundant) ; Kingsmills ; New Caledonia.

EUPATAGUS.

EUPATAGUS, Agass. ; Agass. fy Desor (1S47), C. R. Ecli., Ann.
Sc. Nat. (3), viii., p. 9; A. Agass., Rev Ecli., i., p 128;
id. iii., p. 572.

36 ECHINOIDEA.

EUPATAGUS VALENCIENNESII.

Eupatagus valenciennesii, Agass. fy Desor, 1847, C. R. Ecli., Ann.
Sc. Nat. (3), viii., p. 9 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 573 ;
id.\.,p. 128.

(a, V) Port Jackson, North Head, 10 to 12 faths.
(ctof) „ „ „ Coll.

(y) Port Jackson, Sow and Pigs, with young under the

primary spines.
Hab. East and North Coast of Australia, Port Jackson.

LOVENIA.

LOVENIA, Desor; Agass. fy Desor, 1847, C. R. Ecli., Ann. Sc.
Nat., viii. (3), p. 10 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 574 ;
Bell, Yoy. Alert, p. 123.

LOVENIA ELONGATA.
Spatangus elongatus, Gray, 1845, Eyre Voyag., i.

Lovenia elongata, Gray, 1851, Ann. fy. Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 131 ;
Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 123.

(a, b) Port Jackson, off Sow & Pigs Eeef, 7 faths. Coll.

Hab. Port Jackson ; Port Denison ; Torres Straits ; East and
North Coast of Australia ; Eed Sea ; Philippines.

BEETNIA.

BREYNIA, Desor, 1847 ; Agass. fy Desor, C. R. Ecli., Ann. Sc.
Nat. (3), viii., p. 12 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 578.

BREYNIA AUSTRALASIA.

Spatangus australasiae, Leacli, Zool., Misc., ii., p. OS, t. 82 (1815) ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 578 ; Bell, Voy. Alert, p. 123.

(a, V) Lord Howe's Island, in sand, between tides Coll.
(c, d) Lord Howe's Island, test cut open - - „
(e to ff) Lord Howe's Island, denuded tests - „

Hab. Lord Howe's Island (plentiful) ; East and North Coasts
of Australia ; Torres Straits ; China ; Japan.

ECHINOIDEA. 37

ECHINOCAKDITJM.

ECHINOCARDITJM, Gray, 1825, Ann. PW. (pars.) ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., ii., p. 349 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 580 ; Gray, Cat. See.
Ecli., 1855., p. 41.

ECHINOCARDIUM AUSTRALE.

Ecliinocardium australe, Gray, 1851, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist.,
vii., p. 131 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iu., p. 580.

(a tof) Port Jackson, 5 to 10 faths. - - Coll.

(g, h) „ denuded tests - - ,,

(?) New Caledonia - Pres.

Hab. East, North-East and North Coasts of Australia ;
Japan ; S. E. Coast of New Guinea ; East Indies ; Cape of
Good Hope ; New Zealand ; New Caledonia.

LESKI AD/E.

Sub-Family LESKIADJE, Gray., Gat. Rec. Ech., p. 63 (1855).

PALEOSTOMA.

LESKIA, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist., 1851 (2), vii., No. xxxviii.,
p. 134; id. Cat. Rec. Ech., p. 63 (1855).

PALEOSTOMA Loven, 1867, Vetensk. Ak. Fdrfidl.

(Not represented.)

BRISSIN A.

Sub-Family BRISSTNA, Gray, 1855, Cat. Rec. Ecli., p. 49 ;
A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 585.

HEMIASTER.

HEMIASTER, Desor ; Agass. fy Desor, C. R. Ecli., Ann. Sc. Nat.,
viii. (%),p. 16 (1847) ; A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., \\\.,p. 585.

38 ECHINOIDEA.

HEMIASTER APICATUS.

Hemiaster (RhynolrissusJ apicatus, Tenison- Woods, P. L. S. of

N. S. Wales, 1880, iv.,^. 283, pi xiii.

Hemiaster apicatus, F. Jeff. Bell, P. L. 8. of N. S. Wales, 1884,
ix., pp. 503, 506 ; id. Toy. Alert, p. 171.
(a, l>} Port Jackson, 7 to 10 faths., types - - Coll.
Hab. Port Jackson ; Moreton Bay ; East Coast of Australia.

TEIPYLUS (Hemiaster}.

TKIPYLTJS, Phil., 1846, Ericlis. Arcliiv., p. 347 ; A. Agnss.,
Rev. Ecli., iii., p. 588.

(Not represented.)

RHYNOBRISSUS (Hemiaster}.

RHYNOBRISSITS, A. Agass., 1872, Bull. M. C. Z., iii. ; id. Rev.
Ecli., iii., p. 590.

(Not represented.)

BRISSOPSIS (Hemiaster).

BRISSOPSIS, Agass., 1840, Gat. Si/st. Eti/p., p. 16; A. Agass., Rev.
Eclt., il,p. 354; id. I. c. \\\.,p. 593.

(Not represented.)

AGASSIZIA.

AGASSIZIA, Val, 1846, Voy. Venus; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., ii.,
p. 353 ; id 1. c. iii., p. 594.

(Not represented.)

BRISSUS.

BRTSSUS, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ecli. ; A. Aqass., Rev. Eclt.,
ii., p. 356 ; id. I c. iii., p. 596 ; Gray, Cat. Rec. Ecli.,
p. 51 (1855).

ECHINOIDEA. 39

BRISSUS CARINATUS.

Spatangus cariuatus, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 30.

Brissus carinatus, Gray, Ann. Phil., 1825, p. 9 ; id. Gat. Rec.
Ecli., p. 53 (1855) ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 5913.

(a,, V) Port Jackson - - Coll.

(e to e) „ (?) denuded tests - ,,

0/> y) Mauritius - Exch.

Hab. East Coasts of Australia ; Port Jackson ; Sandwich,
East India, Society, Philippine, and Mauritius Islands.

Var. B. COMPRESSUS.

Brissus compressus, Agass., Prod., p. 326.

Spatangus compressus, Lamk., Hist., iii., p. 326 ; Gray, Cat. Rec.
Ech.,p. 53 (1855).

(«) Pelew Islands - Exch.

Hab. Pelew Islands ; Mauritius.

BRISSUS UNICOLOR.

Brissus unicolor, Klein, 1734, Nat. Disp. Ech. ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ech., ii, p. 598 ; id. 1. c. i., p. 97.

Far. B. COLUMBARIS.

Spatangus columbaris, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 30.
Brissus colmnbarius, Gray, Cat. Rec. Ech., p. 54.

(a, 1} Jamaica - - Exch.

Var. B. SCILL.E.

Brissus scillae, Agass., 1836, Prod., p. 185 ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech.,

i., p. 97 ; Gray, Cat. Rec. Ech., p. 52 (1855).
(a) Mediterranean - - Exch.

Hab. Mediterranean.

40 ECHINOIDEA.

MET ALIA (Brissus).

METALIA, Gray, Cat. Bee. Ecli., 1855, p. 51 ; A. Agass., Rev.
Ecli., i., p. 144; id. 1. c. iii., p. 598; id. I. c. ii., p. 360.

METALIA STEKNALIS.
Spatangus sternalis, Lamk., 1816, Anim. sans Vert., p. 31.

Metalia sternalis, Gray, Cat. Bee. Ecli., p. 51 (L855) ; A. Agass.,
Rev. Ecli., i., p. 149 ; id. iii., p. 600.

(a to e) Mauritius - O.C.

(d) Kiugsmill Islands - Exch.

Hab. North and East Coasts of Australia ; Mauritius ;
Sandwich Islands ; East India Islands.

METALIA, SP.

(a to c) New Caledonia Pres.

(d, e) „ denuded „

METALIA MACULOSA.

Echinus maculosus, Gmel, 1788, Linn. Syst. Nat., 3199.
Metalia maculosa, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ecli., i., p. 144 ; id. I. c.
iii., p. 598.

(a) Mauritius - Bght.

(b, c} „ Exch.

Hab. New Hebrides ; Fiji Islands ; Mauritius ; Panama ;
North-East Coasts of Australia.

MEOMA (Brissus).
MEOMA, Gray, 1851, Ann. § Mag. Nat Hist., vii. (2), p. 131.

MEOMA GRANDIS.

Meoina grandis, Gray, Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist., vii. (2), p. 132
(1851) ; A. Agass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. G03 ; id. I. c. i., p. 142.

(a) Mexico • Exch.

Hab. Gulf of California ; Mexico.

ECIIINOIDEA. 4 1

MEOMA VENTRICOSA.

Spatangus ventricosus, Lamk., 181G, Anim. sans Vert , p. 29.
Meomia ventricosa, Liitk., 1861, Sid, p. 120; A. A<jass., Rev.
Ecli., in., p. 003; id. I.e. i., p. 143.

(a to c) Bahamas - Exeh.

Hab. West ludics ; Florida ; Bahamas.

LINTHIA.

DESOBJA, Gray, 1851, Ann. fy Mar/. Nat Hist. ; id. Cat. lice.
Ech. (1855), p. 58.

LINTIIIA, A. Agass., Rev. Ecli., iii., /;. 004.

LlNTHIA AUSTRALIS.

Desoria australis, Grai/, Ann. ^ DIug. Nat. Hist , vii. (2), p. 132.

Lintbia australis, A. Agass., 1872, Rev. Ech., i., p. 138 ; it/ iii.,
p. 005.

(«) N. S. Wales Coast - O.C.

Hab. Tasmania ; South-West, South, arid. East Coasts of
Australia.

FAORINA fLintluaJ.

FAORINA, Gray, 1851, Ann. $ May. Nat. Hist., vii. (2),/». 132;
A. Ar/ass., Rev. Ech., iii., p. 007.

(Not represented.)

SCHIZASTEE.

SCHIZASTER, Af/ass., 1830, Prod. ; Rev. Ecli., ii., p. 303. ; id. I. c.
iii., p. GOO.

SCIIIZASTEK CANALIFERUS.

Echiuus lacunosus, Linn., 1758, Si/st. Nat., p. 005.

Schizaster canaliferus, Ayass. fy Desor, C. R. Ech., Ann. Sc. N<tl .,

viii. (3),^. 20 (1817).
Spatangus canaliferus, Lamk.

(«) - O.C.

Hab. Mediterranean.

42 ECHINOIDEA.

SCHIZASTER VENTRICOSUS.

Schizaster ventricosus, Gray, Ann. fy Mar/. Nat. Hist., 1851
(2), vii., p. 133 ; A. Arjass., Rev. Ecli., \\\., p. Oil.

(« to c) Port Jackson, 7 fathoms • Coll.

(d) „ denuded -

Hab. Port Jackson ; Port Denison ; East and North-East
Coast of Australia ; Fiji Islands ; Philippines.

MOIRA.

MOERA, Midi., 1855 ; MOIR.A, A. Ac/as*., 1872, Rev. Ech., \.,
p. 146 ; id. 1. c. ii., p. 365 ; id. 1. c. iii., p. 615.

(Not represented.)

NOTES ON SOME OF THE FOREGOING SPECIES

OF

PHYLLACANTHUS ANULIFERA.

This species, in its numerous varieties, is found to be very
plentiful a little north of Brisbane, especially at Port Denison,
where one of our Assistants, MR. ALEX. MORTON, dredged it in
quantity, in G-locester Passage and other parts adjacent to
Eo\ven, in from 5 to 15 fathoms. It is a gregarious species, and
exhibits much variation in the form and coloration of its spines.
Many specimens in various stages of growth are exhibited.

PHYLLACANTHUS DUBIA.

It is very doubtful if this species is found on the South-East
Coast, the specimens reported by MR. TENISOJT- WOODS from
Tasmania and Bass' Straits, probably belong to the next species,
P. parvispina. The specimens exhibited agree very well with
the figures of P. dubia in A. AGASSIZ, Eevision of the Echini,
but not with those from Port Jackson (P. parvispina, T.-W.,)
I believe P. dubia is only found on the northern parts of
Australia, where, like the Port Jackson species, it frequents the
rocky parts of the coasts and may be taken at low tides ; it
appears to be rare, i.e., if the variety found in Port Jackson
is to be considered to be a good species.

PHYLL ACANTHUS PARVISPINA, T.-W.
P. fenuispina, TENTSON-"WOODS, MSS.

This is the representative of P. dubia of the North Coast.
MR. TENISON-WOODS has (Proc. Linn. Soc. of N.S.W., iv., p. 2SG)
already pointed out the differences in those from Port Jackson,
on which he has founded this new species. In P. parvispina the
test is frequently wider than high, the distance between the poles
being less than the diameter, this may be seen both in young and
adult specimens, the spines are also proportionately shorter.
It is strictly a literal species, but can scarcely be called
gregarious, frequenting during the summer months the rocks
and reefs just below low-tide mark, retiring into deeper water

44 NOTES.

in the cold weather, but is seldom taken in the dredge. Its
range North extends to Port Stephens, and MR. TENTSOX- WOODS
says Moreton Bay; to the South, about Botany, Port Hacking,
&c., it is abundant. I have not yet seen specimens from the
South Coast or Tasmania, but it is more probable that this is the
form found there, and not P. Jubia.

PHYLLACANTHFS AUSTBALIS, Sj>. Nbv.

Of this hitherto unique and beautiful species I had only seen
one specimen until quite recently, when I was fortunate enough
to obtain from the trawl a second specimen, both were taken in
about 6 fathoms, one near South Ecef, the other under Shark
Point, off a rocky bottom. At first sight it appears to resemble
P. baculosa, but as will be readily seen from the Photographs,
pi. i., the spines are flatter, fewer in number and stouter,
the serations larger and the sculpture different, besides the
large flattened primary spines are fluted and expanded at
the tips.

GONIOCIDAEIS TUBAEIA.

This species is far from common in Port Jackson, a few have
been swept from the rocky bottom near South Eeef by the
tangles of the dredge in 5 to 10 fathoms.

GONIOCIDAEIS GEBANIOIDES.

I have never met with this species m Port Jackson, but on
the South Coast it is not rare ; the Museum specimens were
obtained in Port Phillip.

DIADEMA SETOSUM.

The southern limit in Australia of this species seems to be
Wide Bay. Very young specimens, which eventually proved
to belong to Centrosteplianus rodgersii, were mistaken by
MR. TENISON-WOODS and myself for the young of this species,
and consequently D. setosum was reported from Port Jackson.
On all the reefs north of Wide Bay, and at Ugi, Solomon Islands,
our Collectors found this species plentiful. We have also
received fine specimens from MR. SMITHHURST, collected in
New Caledonia.

CENTEOSTEPHANUS EOUGEESII.

As mentioned before, the young of this species, with a test
about 0'5 inch in diameter and with long slender spines measuring
1'5 to 2 inches or more in length, were mistaken for the young
of Diadema setosum. In the immature stages they are even

NOTES. 45

more beautiful than in the adult, in some the primary spines
often exceeding three times the length of the diameter of the tests,
are of a rich purple or claret color beautifully ringed with white.
The specimens alluded to were dredged off a sandy and rocky
bottom in 8 fathoms of water, near the "Bottle and Grinds "
reef, in Port Jackson, and also off Shark Reef and Bradley's
Head, many secreted in the folds and angles of large Sponges
and Ascidians. The spines of the adults are of a rich uniform
dark claret color, very brittle and hollow. These Urchins frequent
the reefs and rocky shores just below low-tide mark, where they
obtain their food ; they progress with considerable rapidity for
an Urchin when once disturbed, until they find a secure retreat
in some crevice of the rocks, from whence it is difficult to remove
them without destroying either the spines or test. I notice that
the spines of those from the outside reefs, where they are
exposed to the wash of the sea, are shorter and somewhat
rounded at the tips, while those taken from the quiet waters
inside have larger and more pointed spines. They are gregarious,
many being found together, and frequent shallow waters. The
broken spines are readily repaired, the new tips growing rapidly.
It is this species, perhaps more than any other Urchin, that
becomes food for the Port Jackson Shark, Heterodontus
galeatus ; the more common species H. plnlipi also occasionally
'feeds on them, the teeth of both species becoming stained of a
beautiful pink or rose color. These Sharks frequent the
reefs where the Echini abound, and it is quite probable many
other species of Echinodermata supply them with food, their
strong dorsal spines are frequently ground down to the surface
of the fins, by their searching for food under the shelving rocks.
The peculiar pigment or dye contained in the spines and within
the test itself is worthy of investigation. I know of no other
species on our coast which has this peculiarity. In cleaning
the tests the fingers and nails become stained with the pigment,
which is very difficult to remove.

ECHINOTHEIX CALAMARIS.

I have never seen any authentic specimen of this genus from
the N. S. Wales coast.

HETEROCENTROTUS MAMMILLATUS.
ECHINOMETRA LACUNTA.

The former is a very common species throughout the Pacific
Islands ; the latter, although found so near at hand as Lord
Howe's Island, has not, as far as I am aware, yet been obtained
on the coast of 1ST. S. Wales, although we have specimens from
Port Denison, and I have heard of its being found as far south
on the coast as Wide Bay, in Queensland.

46 NOTES.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS TUBERCULATUS.

This fine Urchin, which attains a considerable size, is very
common at Lord Howe's Island. I have not met with any from
the mainland. The spines are long, strong, sharp, and solid,
finely striated longitudinally ; on the ambitus and below the
shafts they are distinctly flattened, and in color of a uniform rich
olive or olive brown, although finely striated they feel smooth
and polished ; the flattened spines are more numerous and
distinct in the young than in the adult. I can find no description
of the spines of this species in any work at my disposal. The
test closely resembles that of S. franciscanus, but the porriferous
zone is not so petaloid on the actinostome ; the spines in spirit
specimens ai'e often of an olive-yellow color.

STRONGYLOCENTROTUS ERYTHROGRAMMUS.

This species is very plentiful in Port Jackson, and may be
found between the tides at almost any time, it is also
occasionally dredged in 10 to 20 fathoms. In color the spines
vary from rich purple to pale brown or cream color. It
seems to attain to a greater size to the South, especially in
Tasmanian Waters The tests vary considerably in height, some
being only one-third of their diameter. From the coast near
Newcastle we have received some large specimens, measuring
three and four inches across and 15 in height They are in
habit gregarious, a dozen or more may be found clustered round
one stone. They are seldom found on the sandy flats, and the
few dredged there are always of small size ; occasionally
malformed tests are found.

SPHJERECHINUS AUSTRALIA.

Taken on sandy bottoms in 5 to 10 fathoms, sometimes close
to the shore, comparatively rare on the Australian Coast.
MR. TENISON- WOODS states that it is found in Bass' Straits,
King's Island, and Tasmania. MR. MORTON obtained specimens
in the Solomon Islands.

TEMNOPLEURUS TOREUMATICUS.

Although this species has been obtained both during the
voyages of the "Chevert" and "Alert," and also by our
Assistant, MR. ALEX. MORTON, on the Australian Coast, it is
far from being common ; a good series is still among the
desiderata of the Australian Museum. It is found on sandy
mud bottoms in from. 5 to 20 fathoms.

NOTES. 47

MYCEOCYPHUS ZIGZAG.

I have never seen this species from the Australian Coast,
although Mit. TENISON-WOODS appears to have been more
fortunate, and reports it from Tasmania and Port Denison.

ECHINOSTEEPHUS MOLAEE.

I have not met with this species on the Australian Coast, but
MR. MORTON, during a few days' stay at Lord Howe's Island,
obtained a single specimen, which had worn the spines of the
actiual surface short with burrowing in the rocks where it had
formed a rounded cavity ; the spines above the ambitus are of
the usual length ; it is apparently rare, as no other specimen has
been obtained although searched for on several recent occasions.

SALMACIS DUSSUMIEEL

This beautiful and well marked species is occasionally found
in Port Jackson, ou a bottoii of sandy mud and shells, in 8 to
10 fathoms. It appears to be more plentiful further north in
similar situations at Port Denisou ; the Museum possesses one
very large specimen, the test being 3^ in. in diameter, and l\ in. high,
obtained in shallow water at the Solomon Islands. The flattened
spines round the ambitus and actinostome are fluted and tinged
with violet at the tip, the test and base of the spines pure white
in some specimens, the spines longest on the ambitus, and
radiating therefrom form a fringe round the margin of the test.

SALMACIS, SP.

PI. ii., tigs. 1, 2, 3.

This is a very peculiar pyriform variety or species, of which
the Museum possesses but one specimen, without any authentic
locality.* The color of the spines above the ambitus, judging
from a few sticking to the denuded test, is orange-red at the base,
white or greenish-white towards the tips, secondary and milliary
spines white, the bosses imperforate, milled and creuulate,
mammilla often tinged with orange-red, at the actinostome there
is only one row of primary tubercles with a row of secondaries on
either side ; between each plate a row of milliaries, towards the
ambitus the secondaries enlarge and form a row of three or four
primary tubercles across each plate, above the ambitus they
become small again, until only one row of primary tubercles
reach the anal system ; the spines near the abactiual pole are
orange reel. On the plates of the ambulacral area there are
only two primary rows of tubercles at the ambitus, and only one

* Said to have been trawled in 35 fathoms off Port Jackson.

48 NOTES.

row at the actiual and abactinal poles, with an irregular arc of
three pairs of pores to each plate, and a single pore at each
angle of connection, a row of milliaries and a shallow marginal
suture divide each plate in both areas. The anal system large,
all the ocular plates external. This remarkable Urchin will be
more fully described hereafter, ray object at present is merely to
call attention to some of the peculiarities exhibited in the test,
although in the color of the spines it resembles an Ambtypneustes,
the sutures and pores show it to be closely allied to, if not a true
Salmacis ; there are no actinal cuts, but the auricles resemble
those of Salmacis. For this species I propose the mame of
Salmacis Woodsii.

SALMACIS ALEXANDEI. Bell.

This very beautiful species abounds in Port Jackson, in one
haul of the trawl in 5 to 10 fathoms no less than 80 specimens
have been recently taken, varying in color and form in a
remarkable degree. In some the test is conical, in others
rounded and depressed with the actinal surface flattened, the
sutures between the plates varying from shallow to deep grooves,
which can be plainly seea before the tests are denuded of their
spines, in others the actinal surface is swollen or rounded.
The color of the spines varies from pure white with violet or
rose tips to dull green, some of a rich violet, purple-rose color,
or pink, tipped with white ; frequently specimens all white with
a tinge of rose color may be found. The tests vary cousidei-ably
in height, some being quite conical others flattened and depressed,
and many malfermed individuals are obtained ; the tests grow
very rapidly ; in the young the sutures and pores between the
plates are very conspicuous, but become almost obliterated in
very old individuals. The tests of the young of about two
inches across bear a close resemblance to a half grown
Temnopleurus toreumaticus ; others with the base green or purple,
the centres violet or brick-red, and the tips white, occasionally
all these colors may be found blended, the test itself white, forming
a pleasing contrast with the color of the spines, which however
whether dry or in spirits soon lose their brilliancy ; none of the
spines in this species are ringed with the various colors as is the
case with 8. bicolor and 8. r/n-i^nnis. The most common variety
has the test white, the base of the primary spines green, the
centres violet or purple, and the tips white.

SALMACIS KARISPIXA.

Specimens dredged in Port Jackson along with S. alexandri
(BELL) agree exactly with numerous specimens from Port
Denison, and in a great degree with BELL'S description and

NOTES. 49

figure of 8. globator, in P. Z. S., 1880, pi. xli., fig. 2. We have
a very large collection of Temnoplurida in the Museum, some
hundreds of specimens and several species, and I regret I am not in
a position to go into the matter, for notwithstanding the labors of
PROFESSORS AGASSIZ, BELL, and other recent writers, the whole
family sadly wants revising ; I trust that some of our friends
who make the study of the Echini a speciality, will ere long
take up this section, — we shall be happy to supply specimens
of the Australian species.

SALMACIS GLOBATOE. Agas*.

I have never been able to obtain a specimen which with any
degree of certainty I could refer to this species. The description
of PROFESSOR A. AGASSIZ, in the Bevision of the Echini, iii.,
p. -173-4, will refer to specimens from Port Jackson, except in
the remark that "there are no sutured furrows on theactinal side.'''
This all depends on the age of the specimen or the variety under
consideration, for although there are many well marked varieties
among the Port Jackson specimens, yet intermediate forms in all
stages may be obtained. From an examination of some hundreds
of specimens of all sizes, ages, colors, and forms, from Port
Jackson, I feel convinced that the true Salmacis globator of
Louis AGASSIZ (Agass. fy Desor, C. R., Ann. des Sc. Nat., ii. (3),
p. 859) has yet to be found in Port Jackson, the species here so
variable and plentiful has been very properly separated under
the name of 8. alexandri by PROFESSOR JEFFREY BELL.— See
P. Z. S., 1880, p. 433. For the benefit of those who have not
the opportunity of consulting the above-mentioned work, the
original description is here transcribed :— " S. globe/tor, Agass.—
Petite espece tres renftee. Pores angulaires ires petits. Deux
rangees de tubercules sur les aires ambulacraires et sur les inter-
ambulacraires" PROFESSOR BELL, loc. cit., p. 432, suggests that
"deux" is a misprint for " dowze," but even this will not set
matters right, and I can only repeat that I have never yet seen
S. globator from the N. S. Wales coast, nor have we at present
any specimen in the Museum, from N. S. Wales which will
answer either to the original description of AGASSIZ, or to that
given by PROFESSOR BELL, or to his fig. 2 on pi. xli. in the
P. Z. S. (1880.)

MESPILIA aLOBULUS.

Of this species I have not yet seen a New South Wales
specimen, but it appears to be not uufrequent on the South
Coast, New Caledonia, and Pacific Islands.

50 NOTES.

AMBLYPNEUSTES OVUM.

This is the common Port Jackson species, and one of the most
beautiful of all Urchins — the colors vary from rich deep orange
to olive both of the test and spines ; those from Port Jackson
are of a uniform rich orange, the test varies considerably in
form, some much higher than wide, others having the axial
diameter less than the horizontal, and appear flattened ; the size
of the anal system and anal pores varies considerably, as also do
the pits at the angles of the plates. I have over a hundred
specimens from Port Jackson and Botany, and from several of
the sea beaches along the coast, but can only find two distinct
species among the whole. The form of the test cannot be taken
as a specific difference in this genus.

AMBLYPNEUSTES GEISEUS.

This appears to me to be a doubtful species, or perhaps
I have not yet met with an authentic specimen ; nevertheless,
those which I have determined to be of this species, agree as
well as can be expected with PROFESSOR AGASSIZ'S description.
Several large specimens, 2'3 x I '75 in., lately received from
Tasmania show indications of sculptures like those of A.formossus.

AMBLYPNEUSTES FOEMOSUS.

A very beautiful species, easily determined by the elegant
sculpture on the coronal plates. The only specimen I have at
present was found washed up on " Queen's Beach," in Botany
Bay.

HOLOPNEUSTES POEOSISSIMUS.

I have seen no authentic record of this species being found
on the N. S. Wales Coast, although it is reported from the East
and South Coasts of Australia ; but I have recently obtained
specimens from Cape Liptrap, spines greenish with the tips
purple. Holopneustes purpurescens must be looked upon as a
rare species if a good species at all. Three species — H. injlcttm,
H. porosissimus, and H purpurescens — are somewhat doubtfully
recognized by AGASSIZ, and without a large series of specimens
it is almost impossible to distinguish these varieties ; it is quite
likely that they all belong to one species.

ECHINUS DAENLEYENSIS.

This species, described by the EEV. J. E. TENISON- WOODS,
was first found in tolerable numbers on the shores of Darnley
1 sland, and other parts of Torres Straits. It appears to be closely
allied to, if not identical, with E. angulosus of A. AGASSIZ.

NOTES. 51

TRIPNEUSTES ANGULOSUS.

This species is very plentiful on Lord Howe's Island, where
it attains a great size, often 6 to 8 inches in diameter; the
young forms are frequently depressed, some scarcely an inch in
height are two inches in diameter. They are eaten both in the
raw and cooked state by the inhabitants. Some large specimens
have also been dredged in Jervis Bay, a few miles south of
Port Jackson ; those from Port Jackson itself seldom exceed
3^ inches in diameter, and are usually white in color.

EVECHINUS AUSTRALIA.

Although dead tests are occasionally found thrown up on the
sea beaches after heavy gales, this is a rare species on our coasts ;
recently we have dredged a few small specimens off the
" Sow and Pigs " reef, in Port Jackson.

CLYPEASTR1DA.

ECHINOCYAMUS AND FlBULARIA.

We have quite a large number of small Urchins, dredged in
from 15 to 30 fathoms off Port Jackson Heads, and northward
towards the Seal Rocks near Port Stephens, which, in the present
state of the literature at my disposal, I am unable to identify ;
among them are undoubtedly several forms of the above-
mentioned genera.

CLYPEASTER HUMILIS.

This fine species is very plentiful at Port Denison, and
generally on the North-East Coast ; it is found in from 3 to 10
fathoms on sandy bottoms.

ANOMALANTHUS TUMIDUS.

The genus name for this species was given to the type
specimen of Ecliinantluis tumidus of TENISON-WOODS by
PROFESSOR J. BELL, in his paper on the subject in the P. Z. S.,
1884, p. 40, pi. ii. It is a remarkable form, apparently allied to
some fossil forms of the Oolite. It is to be regretted that no
data as to locality or anything else was attached to the specimen,
which was found in the old collection of the Museum. From
the marks on the test it appears to have been speared with a
flounder or flat-fish spear, still used by fishermen and amateurs
in Port Jackson and Botany Bay, and was probably taken in
the latter place, but we have no record as to the habitat of this
single specimen.

52 NOTES.

ECHINANTHUS TESTUDINAEITJS.

This cannot be considered a common species, it is occasionally
taken with the trawl and dredge in Port Jackson, but usually
singly. It is found in from 5 to 20 fathoms on sand, and seldom
attains a greater longitudinal diameter than 5 inches ; when alive
the spines are of a greenish tint, but occasionally light brown.

LAGANUM DECAGONALE.

A very common species, found at low tides in about a foot or
less of water on the sandy spits and beaches from Wide Bay
northwards.

LAGANUM PEKONII.

A species tolerbly plentiful in Port Jackson during the warm
months on sandy bottoms in 5 to 10 fathoms ; we have also
dredged it in 35 fathoms off the coast, both adult and young, the
immature specimens predominating. Those from the harbour of
Port Jackson are usually of an olive-green tint, but vary to
dull brown.

AEACHNOIDES PLACENTA.

This is one of the most common " cake " Urchins found north
of Wide Bay. At the mouth of the Herbert River I found it
in November, 1873, in immense numbers left by the tide on the
sandy spits near the sea, making their way with tolerable rapidity
towards the receding waves, and leaving a broad track behind
them in the sand.

MARETIA PLANULATA.

We have recently beautifully marked specimens of this
species, dredged by ME. SMITHHUEST, of the "Dingadee," in
10 fathoms, near Freycenet Island, in New Caledonia ; the rich
maroon-brown markings contrast beautifully with the pearly
whiteness of the test. It is plentifully dispersed over the whole
of the East and North Coasts, and is particularly plentiful off
Port Denison in 3 to 10 fathoms on sand ; those from Port
Jackson and the N. S. Wales coast generally, are uniformly
white in color, without blotches, the primary spines sometimes
exceed the length of the test.

EUPATAGUS VALENCIENNESII.

A rare species in Port Jackson, and usually found in
8 to 10 fathoms of water. It is the only species that 1 have
met with in which the young are carried, until their spines are

NOTES. 53

developed, underneath the long primary spines of the adult.
In one specimen 14 young were found, about a line in length,
sheltered round the genital pores under the primary spines,
which were laid down and closely compressed against the test
and not easily movable, as in other individuals without young.

LOVENIA ELONGATA.

A rare species in Port Jackson ; denuded tests are sometimes
found thrown up during heavy gales on the Coast ; it appears to
be less rare on the South Coast.

BKEYNIA AUSTRALASIA.

Very plentiful at Lord Howe's Island, where they are found
burrowing to a depth of 5 or 6 inches in the sand. It has
been seldom found in Port Jackson or on the adjacent Coast.

ECHINOCARDIUM AUSTRALE.

This Heart Urchin is fairly common in Port Jackson, being
found at various depths from a few feet to 10 and 12 fathoms,
also on the sea coast up to 35 fathoms. It is the only species I
have met with in water which at certain seasons of the year must
at least become brackish with the amount of fresh water which
during heavy rains pours into the heads of the creeks entering
Port Jackson. On more than one occasion, while dredging at
the head of Middle Harbour, we have obtained numerous
specimens, the dredge containing also Eucalyptus and Mellaleuca
leaves, chips of wood, &c., brought down by the stream after
heavy floods ; the heads of these creeks are always more or less
brackish, and fresh water fish abound in them on such occasions.

HEMIASTER APICATUS.

A rare species and only obtained en two or three occasions
during the last five years. It is sometimes found thrown up by
the sea on the outside beaches after gales, but seldom in good
condition. The Museum specimens were taken in 7 to 10
fathoms near the North Head of Port Jackson.

BRISSUS CARINATUS.

Although universally dispersed over the shores of Eastern and
Southern Australia, Brissus carinatus is by no means plentiful ;
in Port Jackson itself it is rare, found only on sandy flats covered
with G to 10 fathoms of water,— a few dead tests may occasionally
be found after heavy gales on the coast beaches.

54 NOTES.

LTNTHIA AUSTRALIS.

I doubt if this species has ever been obtained in Port Jackson,
most of the specimens so labelled in the old collection prove to
be Brissus carinatus. The only specimen we have at present—
a denuded test — was probably found on one of the adjacent
sea-coast beaches. It is stated to be not rare on the coasts of
South Australia, but as yet I have seen no specimens from that
Colony.

SCHIZASTER VENTRJCOSUS.

We have occasionally dredged this species near the Heads of
Port Jackson in 6 to 8 fathoms, but at all times it is rare.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

PLATE I. — PHYLLACANTHUS AUSTKALIS. Htun^n/. — Side view.

If/. ., .. ,. Abactinal end.

16. ,, ., ,, Actinal end.

(From the type. )

,. II. — SALMACIS WOODSII, Ram^ii/. 1. Actinal end. 2. Side.
3. Abactinal end.

(From the type. )

.. III. — GONIOCIDARIS TUBARIA, Lanik.

Plate I.

'7!

IT

o

Plate i i.

PHYLLACANTHUS Al'STH ALLS. Ramsay,

Plate b.

S>\..|:' -

^ :V ,-,

V..-W-

•-•.;'.

PJIYLLACANTHUS AUSTKALIS, AWv«y.

Plate I I.

v

c
c

Hi

-

Plate II I.

71

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i-^

<1

^-v
—

i — I

o

I

1