i V FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CATALOGUE OF THE FISHES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY ALBERT GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.Z.S., ETC. ETC. VOLUME FIRST. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1859. CATALOGUE ACANTHOPTERYGIAN FISHES COLLECTION BRITISH MUSEUM. BY DR. ALBERT GUNTHER. VOLUME FIRST. GASTEROSTEID.^, BERYCID^, PERCID^, APHREDODERID^i:, PRISTIPOMATID^, MULIJDJK, SPAEID^. LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 18.59. PRINTED BY TATXOK AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. This Catalogue contains a description of aJl the species of Fish in the Collection of the British Museum, and of the species which are known to exist in other Museums, but which are desiderata in the National Collection, and therefore most desirable to be procured. Most of tiie new and more interesting species have been figured. Descriptions of the skeleton of many of the specimens have been added. Dr. Giinther gives the following, observations as to the method followed in its formation > — " This volume of the Catal(^;ae contains the greater portion of Cuvier's Percoides, Sciainoides, Sparoides, and Mcenides, wfth many other genera which, I believe, ought to be asso- ciated with them. There is no ichthyologist of the present day, who, looking at the great number of new forms discovered since Cuvier's period, would not think it advisable to subdivide some of the families adopted in the ' Regne Animal,' and subsequently in the * Histoire Naturelle des Poissons ' (as indeed was suggested by Cuvier him- self), and to employ a part only of the characters assigned by him to the different families. Further, when genera and even species are known, in which the absence or presence of vomerine teeth is not constant, tlus character can no longer stand as distinctive of two large families like Cuvier's Percoides and Scuenoides. The same is the case with the character of a smooth or serrated praeopercular edge. Instead of those characters has been substituted that of the relative development of the dorsal a;nd anal fins. Thus, several portions of the Percoides of Cuvier have been separated, and form, together with some of his Scicenoides and Sparoides, and with the MfBiiides, families of themselves. " This Catalogue comprises aU. the species, descriptions of which have been published in works accessible to me. The number of known species having been considerably increased in the last thirty years, and the descriptions of the new species being scattert,d throu'ifb a 2 IV PREFACE. a great many Jouraals, Voyages, and Reports, such a general syn- opsis as is offered in the pi-esent Catalogue will meet a real want in Ichthyology. In confirmation of this, we need only compare the result of this volume with the number of species contained in the corresponding parts of the ' Histoire NatureUe des Poissons' by Cuvier and Valenciennes, the last general ichthyological work. There we find 777 species, 92 of which are described twice or thrice under different names* ; 154 of the remaining 685 species are very doubtful, generally from insufiicient description, and mostly esta- blished by Cuvier himself. The present Catalogue contains 1177 species, 917 of which are considered as properly distinguished, the remainder being merely enumerated. Thus we have — Total number of species in Cuv. & Val 777 Total number of species in this Catalogue 1177 Species apparently weU characterized in Cuv. & Val 531 Species apparently well characterized in this Catalogue . . 917 " The Collection of the British Museum, together with its Library, have enabled me to introduce original diagnoses of most of the species, and to compile the synonymy and re\'ise that stated by Cuvier, thus raising this work above the point of a mere compilation. The Collection contains many typical specimens, as there have been em- bodied into it, besides other minor collections, — " 1. The Collection of Gronov, purchased with his MS. descrip- tions. " 2. Fishes of India, collected by General Hardwicke. " 3. The entire Collection of British Fishes, by Mr. '^''illiam YarreU. "4. The Collection of the Fishes of the Frith of Forth, and Scottish Rivers, by Dr. Pamell. "5. The Collection of Chinese Fishes, made by Mr. John Reevo and his son John Russell Reeve, described by Sir John Richardson, and the drawings of them taken from living or fresh specimens. * " Cuvier was ongelukkig in het scheppen van nieuwe soortbcjialingen. Zijn groot ichthyologisch werk is vol van dubbele of meer voudige besclirijvingen eener zelfde soort, die naar vcrschillen van zeer ondcrgcschikte waarde, afliankelijk van geslacht, leeftijd en klimaat, als zoovele verschillende species plaats nauien." — Bleekei, Naiuur/i. Tijdschr. Nederl. hid. i. ISf)!, p. 344. '• 6. The Collection of the Royal Niival Hospital of Hasla". 7. The Collection of Fishes of the Red 8ea, described jy, and procured from Dr. Riippell. " 8. The Collection ot Fishes of Japan, described by Prof. Schlegel, and received from the Lcydcn Museum. "9. The Collection of Fishes of Ambojoia,. described by Dr. Bleekcr, and presented by liim to a charitable institution in Hollani. " 10. Fishes from the Cape, presented by Sir Andrew Snith, M.D. "11. The Collection of Freshwater Fishes of India, collected by Dr. GriiRth, described by Dr. Macclelland, and presented by the Hon. East India Company (mostly Cyprinoids). "12. The Fishes of the Seas of Madeira and the Canary Islands, described and presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. " 13. A Collection of the skulls and skeletons of German Fishes, made by Dr. A. Giinther. " By the kindness of the late Dr. Horsfield, the types of the species of Indian Fishes described by Dr. Cantor have been examined at the Museum of the Hon. East India Company. " WTiercver I have not had an opportunity of examining the species, and have been obliged to borrow the characters for a diagnosis from another description, I have added the authority. There remain, however, species which are either insufficiently described, or founded on characters so slight that it is doubtful whether they will stand as species, — or which are established from figures not executed by, or under the inspection of, naturalists : these are mentioned in notes, without a description, and with the synonymy only. Whoever has gone through the labour of examining such descriptions, of making the best of them, and of determining fishes by them, wiU know the amount of time fruitlessly spent, and wiU understand how to appreciate the more recent accounts of Bleeker, which combine with the distinctness of a diagnosis the accuracy of a description. '* To conclude, I add some explanatory remarks on my way of taking the measurements of specimens, of counting the scales, &c. : — " 1. The heigJU of the body is always its greatest depth. " 2. The letKjth of the head is the distance between the end of the snout and the posterior extremity of the hony operculum. The lenyth of the snout is the distance between the end of the snout and the vertical from the anterior margin of the eye. " 3. The total length is the diatance between the end of the snout and the extremity of the caudal fin, when stretched out. " 4. The last dorsal and anal ray is, generally, bifid to the base : it is counted as one, because only one intemeural and interhaemal spine corresponds to it. ** 5. L. lat. gives the numbei: of pierced scales constituting the lateral line jfrom the humeral arch to the root of the caudal fin, i. e. the number of transverse series of scales covering the body between the points mentioned. The scales of the lateral line are often smaller or larger, or irregular, and not congruent with the transverse series ; in these cases I have counted the transverse series. ** 6. L. transv. gives the number of scales in a series, which runs fi:x)m the origin of the dorsal fin obliquely downwards to the median line of the abdomen, crossing the lateral line. It indicates the number of longitudinal series of scales between the origin of the dorsal fin and the lateral line, and between this and the abdomen. Sometimes the transverse line has such an oblique direction that the number of its scales would be greater than that of the longitudinal series : in this case I count the latter. — The numbers of the lateral and transverse lines are of spedjic value. "7. The statement of the size of the eye, relative to the length of the head and its parts, is to be applied cautiously, this organ being comparatively much larger in young specimens than in mature ones. Statements taken from mature specimens of different species, of course have every right to be received into the diagnosis. " 8. In the descriptions of the sJcehton the terminology given by Prof. Owen has been used. " 9. In the statement of the length of the vertebral column, the centrum only of the last caudal vertebra is included. " The Plates referred to, and executed by Mr. Ford, will be pub- lished as a separate volume." JOHN EDWAItD GRAY. British Museum, May 5, 1859. INDEX OF THE WORKS QUOTED IN THIS VOLUME. Sec. IV. a. Ch. Akistoteles. De Natura Auimaliuni Libri novem. . De Pai-tibiis Animalium Libri quatuor. . De Generatione Animalium Libri quinque. Ex versione Latina Theoduri Gazlacium. Lugd. 1763, i/04, 1781, fol. 1780. . Systema Ichtbyologicum, or Catalogue of Fish, collected and described by L. Tli. Gronoio : published by J. E. Gray : printed bv order of the Trustees of the British Museum. Lond. 1854, 8vo. 1757. Friedericus Hasselqtiist. Iter Palestinense. Holmiae, 8vo, 1758. Sehn, A. Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri accurata Jescriptio. Tom. iii. Amstelod., fol. 1761. Schcpffer: Piscium Bavjirico-Ratisbonensium Pentas. Ratisb., 4to. 1767. Petrus Ascanius. Icones Rerum Naturalium. Copenh. 1767-75, foi. 1768. Brimnich. Ichthyologia Massiliensis. Copenh., 8vo. 1769. Pallas, Spicilegia Zoologica. Petrop. 1769-79. 1811. . Zoogi'aphia Rosso-Asiatica. Petersb., 4to. 1769. Pennant. British Zoology. (Vol. iii.) Lond., 8vo. 1784. . Arctic Zoology, vol. iii. Lond., 4to. 1790. . Indian Zoology. Ed. 2. Lond., 4to. 1769-77. Duhamel du Monceau et De la Marre, Traits gdn^rale des Pesches. Paris, fol. 1770. Gouan. Ilifrtoria Piscium. Strasb., 4to. QUOTKD IN THIS VOLUME. IX 1770. Kolreuter. Papers on Fishes in Novi Commentar. Petropol. ix.-xix., and m Nova Acta, vol. xiii. 1771. Oahcck, P. A Voyage to China. Lond., 8vo. 1775 Forskiil, P. Niebuhr, C. Descriptiones Animalium, quae in itinere orientali observavit P. Forskal. Hauniee, 4to. 1777. Otto FriedericHs Miiller. Prodi'omus Zoologia? Danicse. 1779. . Zoologia Danica. Copenh., fol. 1780. Otto Fabricius. Fauna Gronlaudica. Copenl^. 1780. 1782. Block. Naturgescliichte der Fische Deutschlands. Berl. 1782-84, 4to. 1785. . Ausliindische Fische. Berl. 1785-95, 4to. Plates, fol. 1801. . Systema Ichthyologise. Ed. Schneider. Berl., 8vo. 1785. 3feidui(/e>: Icones Piscinm Austriaj. Viennae, 1785-94, fol. 1787. Cavolini. Memoria suUa Generazione dei Pesci. Napoli, 4to. 1792. . Abhandlun^ iiber d. Erzeugung der Fische. Uebers. von Zwimet maun. Berl., 8vo. 1787. Parra. Descripcion de diferentes Piezas de Historia Natural. Havana, 4to. 1790. W}dte,J. Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales. Lond., 4to. 1793. Thunberf/. Paper in Nov. Act. Scient. Suec. Holm., 4to. 1797. Mti)i(/o Park. Description of eight new Fishes from Sumatra,, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1798. Lacepede. llistoire des Poisso"s. Paris. 1798-1803, 4to. 1799. Sonnini, C. S. Voyage dans la Haute et Basse Egypte. Paris, 8vo. 1800. CuviEK. Le9ons d'Anatomie Comparee. Paris, 1800-1805, 8vo. 1829-30. . Le Reenie Animal. 2 edit. Paris, 8vo. 1802-8. Donovan, E. The Natural History of British Fishes. Lond., 8vo. 1803. Russell. Descriptions and Figures of Fishes of Coromandel. Lond., fol. 1803. Sliaw. General Zoology. • Lond., 8vo. 1804. Hermann. Observationes Zoologicae Posthumae. Strasb., 4to. 1807. Tarton, William. The British Fauna. Swansea, 12mo. 1809. Delaroche, F. Obsen ations sur les Poissons recueillis dans un voyage aux iles Baleares. Ann. Mus. d'llist. Nat. torn. xiii. 1809-13. Description de lH/gj-pte. llistoire Naturelle. par Geoffroy St. Hilaire. Paris, fol. 1810. Risso. Ichthyologie de Nice. Paris. 8vo. 1827. . Histoire Naturelle de TEurope Meridionale. Paris, 8vo. 1812. Rosenthal. Tabulae Ichthyotomicaj. Berl. 1812-22. fol. 1814. Mifchil/, S. L. Report in part on the Fishes of New York. New York, 12mo. 1815. — -^. Memoir on Ichthyology, in Trans. Lit. and Phiios. Soc. New York. 1817. . Descriptions of three species of Fishes, in Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. i. 1818. . The Fishes of New York, described and aiTanged, in Amer. Monthly Mag. 1817-25. Lesueur, C. A. Papers in the Journ. .\cad. Nat. Sc. Philad. X INDEX OF THE WOKKS 1820. Lichtenstein, H. Paper iu Abhandl. Berl. Acad. 1822. Btichanan IlamiUon. An Account of the Fishes of the Ganges. Edinb., 4to. 1824. Martens, G. v. Reise nach Venedig. Ulm, 8vo. 1824. Quot/ et Gaimard. Voyage autour du Monde sur les corvettes de S. M. VUranie et la Physicienne, sous le commandement de Preifcinet. Zoologie : Poiasons. Paiis, 4to. Atlas, foL 1825. Cmtch. Some particulars of the Natural History of Fishes found in Cornwall, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xiv. 1825. Jurine. Poissons du Lac Leman. Geneve, fol. 1826-30. Lessoti. Zoologie, in Duperrey, Voyage de la Coquille. Paris, 4to. Atlas, foL 1827. Hartniann, G. L. Helvetische Ichthyologie. Zurich, 8vo. 1828. Meniiny. History of British Animals. Edinb., 8vo. 1828. Riippell. Atlas zu der lleise im Niirdl. Africa. Frankf., foL 1837. . Neuo Wirbelthiere. Fische. Frankf., foL 1852. . Verzeichniss der Fische des Senckenberg'schen Museums. Frankf., 4to. 1828-49. CuvTEB et Valenciennes. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Paris, 8vo. 1829. Affossiz, L. Selecta Genera et Species Piscium, quaj in itinere per Bi-asiliam collegit J. B. de Sptx. Monach., fol. 1850. . Lake Superior. Boston, 8vo. 1829. Cocco. Paper in Giomale di Scienz. per la Sicilia. Palermo. 1829-44 Gverin-MencviUe, F. E. Iconogmphie du Regno Animal de G. Cuvier. Paris et Londres, 8vo. 1830. Bennett, E. T. Catalogue of Zoological Specimens from Smnatra, in the Memoir of the Life and Services of Thomas Stamford Raffles. Lond., 4to. . Papers in the Zoological Joiumal and in Proc. ZooL Soc. Lend. 1830. Bennett, J. Fishes of Ceylon. Lond., fol. 1830-35. Gray, J. E. Illustrations of Indian Zoology. Lond., fol. 1831-42. . Papei-s in Zoological Miscellany. Lond., 8vo. 18.'>0. Beisinyer. Specimen Ichthj'ologia) Hungari«. BudsB. 1830. Stark. Paper in Jameson's Edinb. Joum. 1832^1. Bonap^trte. Iconografia della Fauna Italica. Tom. iii. Pesci. Roma, fol. 1832. Expedition Scientifique de Moree. Tom. iii. Zoologie, par Geojroy St. Ililaire, Deshayes, etc. Paiis, 4to. Atlas, fol., 1835. 1832. VaU'ticu^incs. Descriptions de plusieui-s especes nouvellcs de Poissons dii genre Apogon, iu Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1830. . Ichthyologie, in Histoire Natui-elle des lies Caiuuries par Webb et Berlhelot. I'iiris, fol. 1840, . I'oisson.s, in Jhqnlil Thouars' Voyage autour du Monde sur la fr»?gate la Venus. Paris, 8vo. Atlas, fol. \H^i. Brandt et lidizt-bury. Mt.'dicinische Zoologie. Band ii. Berl., 4to. 18:{3. Tmwc, li. T. On the FLsliea of Madeira. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 142. 18.35. . IVR»^ii]>ti()n of a now genus of Fishes (Alepidosam-us), jvnd Additional Observations, in Trans. Zool. Soc. i. QUOTED IN THIS VOLUME. XI 1836. L'vingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Batavia. . (Ternate, ii.) Nieuwe bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Ternate eh Ilalmaheira (Gilolo). XIV INDEX OF THK WOKKtf 1853. Bleeker, P. Index specieruni Piscium Alalayo-Mohiccensium in volumine iv. Diarii Soc. Scieiit. Indo-Batav89 descriptarum, ad- jectis locb habitationia. . (Solor.) Bydrage tot de kenuis der ichtliyologische fauna van Solor. -- — . (Celebes, iv.) Vierde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fiiuna van Celebes. . Nalczingen op de iclithyologische fauna ^au het eiland Bauka. . (Ceram, iii.) Derde bydrage tot de kennis der ichtliyolo- gische fauna van Ceram. . (Amboina, iv.) Vierde bydrage tot do kennis der ichthyo- logi.sche fauna van .Vmboina. . (Borneo, vii.) Zevende bydrage tot de kermis der ichtliyo- logische fauna van Borneo. . (Sumatra, iii.) Nieuwe tientallen diagnostische beschry- vingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. . Auteuuarius notophthaimus. . Index specierum Piscium Malajo-Moluccensium in vol. v. Diiirii Soc. Scieiit. Indo-Batavoe descriptarum, adjectis locis liabitationis. . (Gilolo.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Ilalmahoira (Cxilolo). (Tiauda, iii.) Derde bydrage tot do kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Banda-eilauden. . Diagramma hajmatochir. 185-1. . Species Piscium Bataviensium novfe vel minus cognita;. . (Timor, ii.) Nieuwe bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Timor. . (Floris.) I?}dvage tot de kennis der ichthyologische faunn van het eiland Floris. . Syngnathus tapei'iiosoma. — ■ — . Diagramma polyt;ienioides. . (.Japan.) Faunrc Ichthyologicai Japonicfe species nova?. . (Amboina, v.) Vvfde bydrage tot do kennis der ichtliyo- logische fauna van Amijoina. . Kleotris tolsoni. . Index specierum Piscium Malayo-Moluccensium et Japo- uensium in vol. vi. Diarii Soc. Scient. Indo-Batavse descriptarum, adjectis locis habitationia. 1854. vii. . (Kokos.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Kokos-eilandtm. . (Sumatra, iv.) Overzigt der ichthyologische fauna van Sumatra met beschryving van eenige nieuwe soorton. . Jets over Visschen levende in Zeesteeren, en over eene nieuwe soort van Oxybeles. . (Celebes, v.) V^-fde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Celebes. . Ichthyologische waarnemingon, gedaan op verschillcnde reizeu in de residcmtie Banten. Over eonige niiMiwo visschen van de Kokos-eilnudeu. atrOTED IN THIS VOLXTME. XV 1854. vii. Bkeker, P. (Batjan.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Batjan. . (Java, ii.) Specierum Piscium Javanensium novarum vel minus cognitarum diagnoses adunnbratf«. . (Celebes, vi.) Zesde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Celebes. . Dactylopterus cheirophthalmus. . Nog iets over Visschen levende in Echinodermen. . Index specierum Piscium Malayo-Moluccensium in vol. vii. Diarii Soc. Scient. Indo-Batavse descriptainim, adjectis locis habitationis. 1856. viii, . (Borneo, viii.) Achtste bydi-age tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Borneo. . (Kokos, iii.) Derde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van de Kokos-eilanden. . Antennariiis lindgi'eeni. . (Temate, v.) Vyfde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Temate. . (Batoe.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. -. (Amboina, vi.) Zesde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Amboina. . (Celebes, vii.) Zevende bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyo- logische fauna van Celebes. . (Kokos, iv.) Vierde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van de Kokos-eilanden. . Index specierum Pisciimi Malayo-Moluccensium in vol. viii. Diarii Soc. Scient. Indo-Batavse descriptarum, adjectis locis habitationis. ix. — — . (Batoe, ii.) Tweede bydrage tot d^ennis der ichthyo- logische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. . (Gilolo, ii.) Nieuwe bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Ilalmaheira (Gilolo). . Nieuwe bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Sumbawa. -. (Batjan, ii.) Tweede bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyolo- gische fauna van Batjan. . Nalezingen op de Vischfauna van Sumatra. . (Celebes, viii.) Achtste bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyo- logische fauna van Celebes. . (.lava, iii.) Verslag van eenige verzamelingen van Visschen van Oost-Java. . _ (Borneo, ix.) Negende bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyo- logische fauna van Borneo. . Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van bet oiland Groot-Oby. •. (Batjan, iii.) Derde bydrage tot de kennis der iclithvolo- gische faima van Batjan. . Index specierum Piscium Malayo-Moluccensium in vol. ix Diarii Soc. Scient. Indo-Batavfe descriptarum, adjectis locis habitationis. XVI IXDKX OF TlIK WORKS 185G. X. Bleelier, P. Tweede bydrage tot de kennis dev iehtli_V(>logi>ichi^ fauna van het eiland Bintang. . (Temate, vii.) Zevende bydrage tot de kenuis deriohthyo- logische fauna van Temate. . Carcharias amblyrhynchos. . Index specierum Piscium in voluminibus i.-x. Diar'i So( Scient. Indo-Batavfe descriptfirum. xi. . Verslag omtrent eenige vischsoorten gevangen aan de zuidkust van Malang in Oost-Java. . (Banda, v.) Vyfde bydrage tot de kennis der ichtliyolo- gische fauna van de I3anda-eilanden. . (Boeroe.) Bydrage tot de kennia der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Boeroe. . Verslag van eenige a erzamelingen van zee- en zoetwater- visschtu van het eiland Banka. xii. . (Temate, viii.) Achtste bydrage tot de kennis der ich- thyologische fauna van Ternate. . (Nias.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische founa van het eiland Nias. . (Batoe, iii.) Derde bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Batoe-eilanden. . Nieuwe bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Bali. . Index specierum Piscium in vol. xi. et xii. Diarii Soc. Scient. Indo-Batavai descriptarum. . (Java, iv.) Descriptiones specierum Piscium Javanensium novarum vel minus cognitarum aiagnostic*. . (Sangi.) Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Sangi-eilanden. . Verslag omtrent eenige vischsoorten van Timor-koepang en Timor-delhi. 1857. xiii. . (Boeroe, ii.) Tweede bydrage tot de kennis der ich- thyologische faima van Boeroe. 18r)8. XV. . (Java, v.) Visschen van Java's zuidkust. . Ilolacanthus pseudannularis van Batavi.a. . (Goram.) Bydrage tot de kennis der Vischfauna van den Gorani-archlpeL . (Billiton, iv.) Vierde bydrage tot de kennis der Vischfauna van Billiton. . (Singapore, ii.) Tweedo bydrage tot de kennis der Visch- faima van Singapore. 1849. . Overzigt der te Batavia voorkomende Gladschubbige Labroiden in Verhand. Bat. Genootsch. xxii. . (Perc.) Bydrage tot de kennis der Percoiden van den Malayo-iMolukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Scleroparei van den Soenda- Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis dor Blennioidon en tTobioiden van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der ichthyologi.schc famia van het eiland IMi. Ibid. QUOTE 1) IN TUTS VOIA'MK. XVll 1849. lileehi-r, P. Bvdrau^e tot de keniiis der ichtliyologisclie fauna van bet eiland Madura. Ibid. 1850. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Scisenoiden van den Soenda- jMolukscheu Archipel. in Verhand. Batav. Genootsch. xxiii. . B^'drage tot de l>ennis der "Sparoiden \»x\ den Soenda- Moluksclien Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Msenoiden van den M. Arehipfl. Ibid. . Bydi'age tot do kennis der Visschen met doolhofvormige kieuwen (Labyrinthici) van den S.-M. Arrhipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Chjetodontoiden van den S.-M. Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Teuthieden van den S.-M. Archipel. Ibid. . liydrage tot de kennis der Notacantliini van den S.-M. Archipel. Ibid. . Bydi'age tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Midden- en Oost-Java. Ibid. 18.')2. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Makreelachtige Visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel in Verhand. Batav. Genootscli.xxiv. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Snoekachtige Visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Chirocentroidei, Lutodeiri, &.c., van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Ilaringacbtige Visschen van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Pleurouecteoiden van den Soenda-Molukschen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Blootkakige visschen \ an den Soenda-Moluksclien Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de liennis der Balistini en Ostraciones van tlen Indischen Archipel. Ibid. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Plagiostomen van deu ludist-lien Archipel. Ibid. 185:',. . Nalezingen op tie ichthyologische fauna van Beugalen en Tlindostan. Batavia, 4to. 1857. . Bydrage tot de kennis der Spbyryenoiden in ^'('rhaull(•i. Bataav. Genootsch. xxvi. . Nieuwe Nalezingen of Iclithyologie A^au Japan. Ihid 1850. . Beschryvingen van nieuwe en weinig bekende Visdisoorten van Amboina, in Acta Societ. Nederland. vol. i. . Beschryvingen van nieuwe en weinig bekendi' \'ischso()rt(Mi van Manado en ^lacassar. Ibid. . Conspectus specieruni Pisciuni Moluccensiuin. //;/(/. vol. ii. . Tiende bydrage tnt de Ivennis der ichthyolooisehc fauna van Borneo. Iljid. • Achlsle bvdriiLii' tot df Iccunis der Vischfauim van .\uiltoiini. Ibid. \Mk\. (hem, 7\'. l/octurcs on (iu' ( 'onipanitive Anatomy and I'liysiology of the X'crlebralc Aiiini.ils. I'ait 1. I'islio. Loud., .S\o. XVm INDKX OF THE "WORKS QTTOTED IN THIS VOLUME.. 1853. Oiveti, R. Descriptive Catalogue of the ( )steolo^cal series contained in the Collection of the Royal College oi Surgeons. Vol. i. Fislies. Lond., 4to. 1847. Brisout de Barneville. Sur le genre Centropriste, Cuv., in Revue Zoologique. 1847. Gay. Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoolog. ii. Paris, Bvo. Atlas, fol. 1847. Schomburgk, R. Reisen in Britisch-Guiana. Leipzig, 8vo. 1848. . The History of Barbadoes. Lond., 8vo. 1850. Cantor, T'.. Catalogue of Malayan Fishes. Calcutta, 8vo. 1850. Guichenot. Reptiles et Poissons dans I'Exploration Scientifique de I'Algerie. Zoologie. Paris, fol. 1850. Temminck and Schlegel. Fauna Japonica. Poissons. Lugd. Bat., fol. 1851. Poey, F. Memorias sob re la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Habana, 4to. 1851. White, A. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Col- lection of the British Museum. Fish. Lond., 1851. Printed by order of the Trustees. 1853. Filippi. Nouvelles especes de Poissons. Revue et ]Maga.sin Zool. p. 164. 1853. Gunther, A. Die Fische des Neckars. Stuttg., 8vo. 1854. . Beitrage zu den Siisswassei-fischen. Wiegm. Archiv. 1853-54. Hombron et Jacquinot. Voyage au Pole Sud par Ihimont- (F Urville. Poissons. Paris, 8vo. Atlas, fol. 1854-59. Baird and Girard. Papers in the Smithsonian Reports ; in the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. ; in the Reports of the U.S. Pacif. Railroad Expedition ; in U.S. Naval Astronora. Expedition ; in Marcy's Exploration of the Red River. 1855. Castelnau, Francis de. Animaux nouveaux ou rares, recueillis pendant I'exp^dition dans les parties centrales de TAmerique du Sud. Poissons. Paris, 4to. 1855. Peters. Uebersicht der in Mossambique beobachteten Fische in Wiegm. Archiv, p. 234. 1856. Holhrooh. Ichthyology of South Carolina. Chariest., 4to. 1858. Hechel und Kner. Die Siisswasserfische der Oestreichischen Mon- arcliie. Leipz., 8vo. SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Subclass I. TELE08TEI. Order I. ACAXTIIOPTEKYGII. Fam. 1. Gastkhosteid^. ''age 1, Gasterosteus, Artedt 2 1. aculeatus, L 2, 500 a. gymiuirus [\ b. .seiniarmatus :i c. seniiloricatiis 4 d. trachurus 4 e. novt'boracensis 4 2. arg-yropoinus, C. et V. . 4, 500 2 a. williamsoni, Girard . . 500 3. bracliycentrus, C. et V. . . 5 4. biaculeatus, Shmc 5 5. tetracantlms, C. et V. . . 5 6. spimilosiis, Jen 5 7. pungitius, L 0 o. pungitius 6 b. occideutalis G 8. maineusis, Storey 6 9. coneiunus, Rieh G 10. quadracus, Mitch 7 11. spinacliia, L 7 catapliractus, Pall. 2 niger, C. et V. 2 plebeius, Gir 2 mopinatus, Gir 2 pygmaeus, Agass 2 mconstans, Kirtl. 2 serratus, Ayres 2 intermedius, Gir 2 pugetti, Gir 2 microcepbalus, Gir 2 loricatus, Reinh 2 dimidiatus, Reinh 2 Fam. 2 Berycid^. 1. Monocentris, Schneid 8 1. japonicus, Houtt y I';it.'C 2. Iloplostethus, C. 8. 00. 70. 71. 7-2. 7:l 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 70. 80. 81. 82. m. 84. 85. 80. 87. 88. 80. 00. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 00. 07. 08 00. 100. 101, 102. lo;i 104. 105. 100 107 108 Pasjc altivflioidos, INrck 127 polyphfkadion, Blvek. . . 128 siilnioTioidcs, Lar/'p 12H epi.stictus, Sclilcij 128 batavicii.^iis, Ble'vk 120 albotiuttatu.s lilcd; 120 poly.stifiiiia, ISIirk 120 luaciilatus, HI. 1:50 ^ralcus, M. viT. l;50 nivcatus, V. d V. 130 *iuargaritifcr, (Ithr l:!! a.sper.sus, Jvn 00 itaiara, Licht 00 gigas", Brihui l.')2 moara, Sr/i/ii/ l.'J.'i goroen.si.s, C. ct V. l.'{3 ery throga.stor, Dckai/ .... 133 fiisfu.-^, Loire 1;)4 ;\>mMi,s, ('cofl'r 134 omaigiiiatu:<, Val. l.")4 nigritiis, Hulhr 13,4 acutirostri.s, C. cf V. . . . 135 niarainali!*, IJI 135 homdiiw, Kctr. If. 13(5 crapuo, C. ct V. l-">7 .sobic, Bhrk 1:17 summaiia, Forsk 1:57 mifi'oiiotatii.-*, Iiii/)p 137 tumilabris, C. rt V 1:58 liocvcnii, Blcck 1:58 boiitoo, Ciir 138 celcbicu-s BMc L30 vavioln.sus, luir.'if 1:50 hoedtii, B/r.k L30 akaara, Sclifvi/ 140 npiia, Z;/.. ..". 140 iHtiitzolii, C. ct V. 140 crythruni.s, C. ct V. 00 luaculosiis, C. ct v. 00 ali.'xaiidnnus, C ct V.. ... OO dcrinocliinis, C ct V. . . . ■ 00 kuuliardlii, Btcck 00 lebretoiiianii.'^, //. ct J. . . 00 lu'xagonatu.*, I'orst 140 a. ht'xafj^onatus .... 141, 50:5 b. rnt'i-ra, Bl 141 morio, C. ct V. 142 iiiipe1iaino.sus, M. ct T.. . 142 on-ii.s' Jil 142 (iiicla.'H, Peters 143) utidulo.su,'>, C. ct V. .... 143 t.siriincnara, ScJiloj 144 •punctati,>*,simus, (Hhr. . . 144 rupcstri.**, C. ct V. 145 flav()-cfciuk'U,-5, *7^'/f'/7J. .. 145 , 'spiiii^cr, (rthr 14() , ura, C. ct V. 147 100. uu'lainirus, Gcoffr.. 1 10. gilbovti, mch 111. iicbulos.u.'f, C. et V. 112. bouloidos, 7//<'rA;. . 1 L3. uiacro.spild,-*, BIcek. 114. arodlalu.s For.'^k . . . 115. awoara, Schlcij. . . . 1 10. g;e(>;j:rapliicus, A', ct v. II. 117. vetii'ularis, K. ct v. II. 118. g-ainiardi, Blcck 110. cldovo.sfi^uia, C. et V. 120. •cyliudricu.s (itht: . 121. lalu'ifonnis, Jen rivulatu.'^, C. ct V. . . . uig:nc('ps, C. et ]'. . . . niiliaris, C. et V. ... thnoguttatu,*, Peters . diktiophoni.'^, Blcck. . 122. altivtdi,^ ('. ct V. ... 123. iucriui.^, C. cf V 124. quoyanu.s, C. et V. . . . 125. oU'ax, Jcfi 120. dt'iinoptoru.s, Sehlc(j. . pantlR'nnus, Liuni.>i('atu.<, C. et V. . 1:53. uropl-.tliahuu.-^, Blcck. 1:54. liucatus, C. et F. ... 135. anib()ineu.si.<, Blcck. . chlorocophalu.-i, C. ct J auvatus, Bl. c'lLTulcopuuctatus, Bl. forallicola, A', ct v. II. avgi'utinu.^^, Bl varicgatus, Hick roove.sii, Hick lunarius, luirsk tncnioohiru.s, ('. ct V. . rosou^!, C. ct V. pcruaini>i, Less abd()niiuali.><, Peters . goliatli, Peters pai'kiusouii, C. et V. . arara, C. et V. cardinali.s, C. et V.... luiudatus, Scluicid. . . . 27. PliH'tropoma, Cur. . . . 1. maculatuni, Bl 2. li'opardiTnini, Laecp. . 3. (digacautlius, Bleek. . 4. ni(daiHiK'ucnui, J.acrp. PllRC 147 148 148 140 14i) 140 150 150 150 150 151 151 152 00 00 00 00 50:5 152 153 153 153 154 08 08 154 504 154 154 155 155 155 155 150 150 1(X) 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 07 15(5 15(5 157 157 157 SySTKMATiC INDEX. Page 5. nigrorubrum, C. et V. . . lo8 (). *aiinulatum, Gfhr 158 7. seniicinctum, C. et V. . . 160 8. susuki, a etV. 160 9. dciitex, C.etV. 160 10. *ocellatum, Ofhr. . . 161, 504 11. *cim-tum, Gf/ir 162 12. serratuni, C. et V. 103 V.i. aculoatum, C. et V. 163 14. brasiliauuni, C. et V. 164 15. chloroptt-nim, C. et V. . . 164 1(>. pictuiu, Tschudi 164 17. munacaiitliu.s, 31. et T. . . 164 18. luacroplithalmus, Tachudi 165 10. paytonso, Less 165 20. liispanuni, C. et V. 165 21. puella, C.et V. 165 vitiilimnn, Poey 165 22. indigo, Poeji ' 166 23. boviiium, Poci/ 160 24. giiinniigutta, Poei/ 1()6 25. gutta-variiini, Poei/ .... 166 26. chloninim, C et J' 167 nigricans, I'oeij 167 acceusiini, Poej/ 167 27. iniicolor, Schuiid 167 28. *Tiachyponia, GtJir 167 1. *inacracauthu.s, GtJir. . . 167 29. Pol.vprion, Cur 168 1. cernium, Val 169 30. *Pogon()perca, Otiir 169 1. punctata, C. et V. . . 169, 504 31. Granmiistes, Art 171 1. orientali.s, Sclineid. 171 32. Khypticus, C.etV. 171 1. saponaceus, Schiieid. .... 172 2. arenatns, C. et V. 173 3. niaculatii.s, Holhr 173 33. Aulacocephalus, Sehlej/. . . 17-"> 1. schlegclii, Gthr 173 34. Diploprion, K. et r. H. . . 174 1. bifasciatum, K. et v. II. . . 174 35. ^lyiiodon, Bris 174 1. -waigiensis, Q.etG 175 36. Genyoroge, Curd 175 1. nigra, Forsh 176 2. macolor, C.ct V 17(5 3. seba3, C.etV. ^. 176 4. bengalensis. Til 178, 504 5. ca;ruleovittata,C'.r S VSTEM A TIC 1 \ n K X . 40. sciniciiRtus, Q. H G 209 41. quinquelineatus, C. ct V. 209 42. sobra, C.etV 209 48. decussatus, C. et V. .... 210 44. retrospinis, C. et V 210 45. pomacanthus, Blevk 210 aurolineatus, C. etV..... 184 richardi, C.etV. 184 t;eniops, Cet V. 184 cyanoptems, C. et V. . . . . 184 pargus, C. etV. 185 Havipinni.«, C et V 185 rubellus, C.etV. 185 sillaoo, C.etV. 185 ful^ens, C.etV. 185 lutjanus, Bl 185 chn-tah, C.etV. 185 caroui, C. et V 185 albo-aureus, Lacep 185 lunulatus, Munc/o Park . . 185 olivaceus, C. et V. 185 erythrognathiis, C. et V. . 185 emerjii, Richards 185 elongatus, /iowiJ/". etJacq. 185 argenteus, Homhr. et Jacq. 185 (;audanotatus, Poc[i 185 38. Glaueosoma, Schlcij 211 1. biirgeri, Richards 211 Third Group. Pentaceratina. 39. Pentaceros, C.etV. 212 1. richardsonii, Smith .... 212 2. capensis, C. et V? 212 3. *decacaatliiis, Gtlir 213 40. Oreosoma, C.etV. 214 1. atlanticum, C. et V. .... 215 Foiu'th Group. Puiacanthina. 41. Priacatithus, C. et V. 215 1. niacrophthalmus, C. et V. 215 2. boops, Forst 21() (macropus, C. et V. ..... 21()) 3. bonariensis, C. etV 21() 4. japoni«ia, Langsd 217 5. niphomcus, C. et V. .... 217 6. blochii, Meek 218 7. bonmcbari, Schley 218 8. hamrulir, Forsk 219 9. carolinu.s, C. et V. 2-19 10. schniittii, lUeek . 220 11. holocontrurn, lUcek 220 12. niacracan tints, C. et V . . 220 13. dubiu.s, Srhlcfi 22] 14. tayfuus, R/rhanh 221 1.5. sprciiliuu. ('. >■/ r. 221 Page cruontatus, Lacep 215 argenteus, C.etV. 2 15 niacropterus, C. et V. . . , . 215 fax, C.etV. 215 Fifth Group. A p o G o n r n a. 42. Ambassis, Comviers. . 222, 1. *robustus, Schle;/ 2. commersouii, C. etV..... 3. urotainia, Rleek 4. k()p.sii, Rleek 5. apogonoides, Rleek G. batjanensis, Rleek 7. dassumieri, C. et V. .... 8. tliermalis, C. et V. 0. n.alua, C. et V 10. interrupta, Rleek 11. lnu'ucu,sis, Rleek 12. wolffii, Rleek 13. A achellii, Rich 14. niacracantluLS, Rleek 15. macrolepia, Rleek 1(). alta, C.etV. 17. nuv^HjRach. Ham 18. oblonga, Ruck. JIam 19. bogoda, Ruch. Hum lala, Ruch. Ham baculi-s, Ruch. Ham barlovi, Si/kes argyrozona, C. et V. .... 43. Microichthys, Riijjp 1. (!occoi, Riipp 44. Apogon, Lucfp 1. iniberbis, L 2. heptastigma, Ehrcith 3. liyalosonia, Rleek 4. tlionnali-s, C. et V. 5. pu^ciloptcrus, K. et i: H. . . 0. godini, Rleek 7. axillaris, Val 8. hypselouotus, Rleek 9. leptacanthu.s, JSleek 10. nigroniaculatus, H. et J. , 11. orbicularis, K. et v. H. . . 12. neniatopterus, Rleek. . 13. trimaculatus, C. et V. 14. rhodopt(!rus, Rleek. . . 15. koiloinatodon, Rleek. . 1(). niargaritophorus, Rleek 17. ta'nialus, Fhrenb. . . 18. aniboiucnsis, Rleek. . 10. sangiensis, Rleek. . . 20. ccraniensis, Rkek. . . 21. iiigripinnis, C. et V. 22. ta';ii(>pterus, litiin. . . 23. tiiiiiioclinius. Rl((k. . 505 222 223 224 224 224 225 225 225 225 226 226 22(5 227 227 227 227 228 228 228 222 222 222 222 228 229 229 230 231 231 232 232 232 232 232 232 233 233 233 233 233 234 234 234 2;',4 235 2.".5 2.!5 2.{5 2;(i sysjk.ma'hc ini)i;\'. Page 24. inaciilosu9, C. it f 2;{6 25. euueastigiua, Hiijjj) 23G 26. *riippellii, Gthr 23() 27. nova? giiinefe, Vol 237 28. cupreu8, EhreHh 237 29. hoevenii, lilcek 237 30. truncatus, Blvok 237 31. bifasciatiis, i?//;;/; 238 32. tiuiorieiisis, lilvck 238 33. baiulanensis, lilcek 238 34. aiiuulari.^, Riipp 239 35. liueatus, Schlcc/ 239 30, quadrifasciatus, Val 239 37. seiuilineatus, Schlcg 240 38. clirvsopomu.s, lilcek 240 39. kalosoiua, Bleck 240 40. frenatus, Val. 241 41. kallopterus, Bhek 241 42. fascial us, White 241 4^3. cyanosonia, Bleek 242 44. cyanotaenia, Bleek 242 .45. multitteniatus, Bleck. . . 242 46. hartzfeldii, Bleek. ...... 242 47. chiysotsenia, Bleck ...... 242 48. *victori{e, Gthr 243 49. melas, Bleek 243 50. cautoris, Bleck 243 51. mcaco, Bleek 244 52. lineolatus, Ehroih 244 53. i'ucatus, Ca)d 244 54. niacropteius, K. ct i\ H. . . 244 55. bleekeri, Gthr 245 56. macropteroides, Bleck. . . 245 57. burueiisis, Bleck 245 58. zosteropliovus, Bleek 245 latus, Ehrenb . . 229 multitajuiatus, C. ct V. . . 229 coccineus, Rdpp 229 ceylonicus, C. ct V 229 nioluccensis, Val. 229 guamensis, l\il. 229 iiova3 boUandise, Val 229 lateralis, Val 229 sclilegelii, Bleck 229 fuscus, Q.etG 229 45. Apogonicbtbys, Bleck. . . 245 gracilis, BUck 246 auritus, C.ctV. 246 polvstigma, Bleck 246 amfclyuropterus, Bleck. . . 246 , glaga, Bleck 247 . cariuatus, C.etV. 247 , pordix, Bleek 247 a. aprion, Richards 247 9. americamis, Casteln 247 46. Cliilodiplcrus, Laccji 248 1, octovittatus, C. ct V. 248 2. liueatus, Forsk 248 3. quinquelineatus, C et V. . 248 4. apogonoides, Bleck 249 5. aniblvuropterus, Bleek. . . 249 47. Scombrops, Schleg 249 1. cbilodipteroide,^", i//r<'A-. . . 249 48. Pomatomus, Risso 249 1. teloscopium, Rissu 250 49. Acropoiua, Schlcg 250 1. japouicuni, Gthr 250 Sixtli Group. Grystina, 50. *01igorus, Gthr 251 1. uiacquiU'iensis, C. ct V. . . 251 2. gigas, Owen 251 51. Grystes, C.ctV. 252 1. salmonoides, Laccj) 252 nuecensis, B.et G 252 fasciatus, Eoff 252 52. Arripis, Jc/u/us 252 1. georgianus, C. et V. .... 253 2. salar, Richards 253 3. truttaceus, C. ct V. 254 53. lluroj Cur. 255 1. uigricaus, Cur 255 54. l\>rcilia, Girard 255 1. gillissii, Gir 255 54 rt. *Leiubus, Gthr 505 1. *uiaculiitus, Gtlir 505 55. Ceutrarclius, Cuo 256 1. adieus, Lcsueur 256 2. pouiotis, Buird 256 3. luterruptus, Girard .... 257 4. irideus, Bosc 257 5. bexacantbus, C.ctV.. .. . 257 6. uitidus, Girard 257 7. fasciatus, Lesueur 258 8. ol)scurus, Dekay 258 9. gulosus, C.ctV. 258 10. tetracantbus, C. ct V. 258 viridis, C.ctV. 256 50. Bryttus, C.ctV. 258 1. puuctatus, C.ctV. 259 2. albulus, Girard 259 3. lougulus, Baird 259 4. lioriden,sis, Holhr 260 5. melanops, Girard 260 6. niuriuus, Girard 260 7. fasciatus, Holbr 260 8. glorioau.s, Hclhr. 260 reticulatus, C. et V. .... 258 diapbauus, Girard 258 signifor, Girard 258 huniilis, Girard 258 niicrops, Girard 258 !?V.STKJ1ATIC IN0K.\. Pope 57. Pomotis, C. etV. . 2(51 1. aurims, L . 2G1 2. rubricaiula, Storey .... . 2G2 .'}. t'loiifzatn.'^, lliilhr . 2G2 4. speciosu.s, li. it (i . 2(;;^ T). c itt'todon, Itnird .... . -Mi G. her<).<, B. vt d . 2(;.i (niaciocliir, Kirtl . 2G:5) 7. niit-rolopluis, dtlir. . . . 204 '6. iiuui;inalus, Ilolbr. . 2(54 ti'tnK-antluis, C. ct J'. . . . 2(11 ravL'iielii, C. d T'. .... . 2(il holbrookii, C. vt V.. . . . . 2(51 iiifi.-»or, ('. ct V. . 2(51 gibbusus, C. ct V. .... . 2(51 golif-, C. etV. . 201 catesbvi, C. ct V. .... . 201 brevic-t'p.s, li. et G . 201 appciidi.v, Mitcli . 201 nitidiis, Kiytl. . 2(il lima, (tirard . 2(51 aquili'U.-^is, Itnird .... . 201 r^^. Aiioplu.'^, Seidell . 204 1. banjos, Rielunds . 204 59. *()d(iiitoiii'otos, Gfhr. . . . 2()r, 1. cvvthruua.-ti'i-, K. et r. II . 20r) GO. Dales, CetV. . 2(U) 1. aiirifia, C. et V. . 20(! 2. fluvixfiitii.s C.ci V. . . . 207 .'!. iaiuUi\ittatU!«. Zrfrv'/). . . . 207 4. tll'lliuilis, ('. et V. .... . 2(57 0. fu>(.'U>, ('. (t V. . 2()8 (i. niariiiiiaiits, ('. et T. . . . 20S 7. iiipt'stiis, L'irrp . 208 H. uuaiiicii.-^is, C. et J\ ... . 209 It lualo, C. ct V. . 270 10. IjciiiK'tti, Uleek . 270 11. aiidii^uu.s, lUvhitrda. . . . 270 \ aiiicdli'ii.si.s, C. ct J". . . . 2(56 Fain. 4. Ai'IIIU'-Doiikhid-T-:. 1. A))hrt'doderus, Leaueiir . . . 271 1. sayanut!, Gi/liiiiiis .... . 271 Fam. 5. Pristipo.m.vtid.i;. 1. Tlicrapon, C'xr . 274 1. thciaps, C.ctV . 274 2. obsciirus, C. ct T. .... . 275 3. .«qualidiis, C. ct J'. . . . . . 275 (traiisversus, C. ct J'. . 275) 4. vir^atu.s, C. ct V. . 270 5. clli])liciis, Rleliardfi. . . . 270 (!. tancrllatii-, C. ct ]'. . . . 270 7. cincrt'iis, C. ct V. .... . 27(i H. •iiiiicolor, Gthr . 277 11 .«TVI1.S W , 27« 10. (vivillaliis, liiich. Ilniii. 2S0 Page 11. phebiil, Elircnb 281 12. oxvrhvnchus, Scldci/ 281 1.3. qnadnlineatus, Bl. '^>*-> 14. cuvit'ii, Jilcck ■/f<'2 15. ai-'^enteu.s, C. ct V. 283 IG. caudovittatiLs, 7?(W<«;y/a\ . 284 ru})ric'atiisi, JiicJiards 274 microlfpis, Riipp 274 b()uzetiami.s, Horn, ct Jacq. 274 2. IIelot.".s Cm- 284 1. ,se.\liiu'atii.s, Q. ct G 285 2. ocloliiieatus, Jcii 28-5 3. polvtaiiiia, lilcek 285 3. Maoq'iiaria, C. et V. 285 1. aiLstrahusica, C. ct V. 28G 4. Pri.stipoma, Ciiv 28G 1. ca\ itVoii.^, C.ct V. 28G 2. .serrula, C. ct V. .^ 287 (auratuiii, C. ctl^. 287) 3. nielaiKipterniii, C. el V.. . 287 (bicolor, Ciistelii 28S) 4. vir^iiiicuni, L 288 5. .siirhianuiise, Bl 288 G. iiinviini, 3Iert 28'.) 7. liasta, Bl 280 8. uanvb, liiipp 200 9. piuictulatuui, liii))p 290 10. du.'5sumieri, C. et I'. 291 11. argx'iitcinii, Forsl; 291 12. ar^ivreuni, C.ct V. 292 1.'5. pihloo. liichards 292 14. pailveeli, V. ct V. 292 15. macidatiini, Bl 293 1(). auvituni, C. et T. 293 17. therapon, Jilcck 293 18. nerribilc, Gtkr 294 19. crocro. C. ct V. 290 20. coro, Bl 297 21. catliavinEe. C. ct V. 298 22. rof^erii, C. ct V. 298 23. boniK'ttii, Imivc 298 24. conc-eptioni.s C. ct J'. 300 25. .'itridcn.'*, f'or.sk 3(M) 20. lincatuni, C. ct J'. .'500 27. lasciatuin, C.ct V. .301 2H. tulvoinaculatum, Mitch. . 301 29. viiidense, C. et V. 302 30. suilluni, C.etV. 302 31. peroteti, C. ct V. ...... .302 32. octolincatiini, C ct T. . . 303 33. cantharinuin, Jen ."JO.''* 34. japouicuiu, C. ct V. .... 30.3 i-aii'rii, C.ct V. 280 iiibelini, C.ct V. 286 piioraka, C. ct V. 28(5 (•}il^h.e, Gthr 337 1. porosa, Richards 337 10. Lobotes, Cuv 337 1. auctorum, Gthr 338 citriniis, Richards 337 emarginatus, B. et G 337 11. Datnioides, Bleek 338 1. polota, Buch. Ham 339 2. microlepis, Bleek 339 12. Gerres, Cuv 339 1. plumieri, C.etV. 340 2. poeti, C.etV. 341 3. rhombeus, C. et V. 341 4. zebra, JliHl. et Trosch. . . 343 5. subfasciatus, C. et V. 343 6. *ovatus, Gthr 343 7. abbre^iatua, Bleek 345 8. filamentosus, C. et V. . . 345 9. punctatus, C. et V. 346 (macracantlms, Bleek. . . 346) 10. gula, C.etV. 346 11. ♦nigri, Gthr 347 12. *sqiianiipinnis, Gthr. . . 349 13. japonicua, Bleek 351 14. acmacos, Bleek 351 15. kapas, Bleek 352 16. aprion, C. et V. 352 17. oyena, Forsk 352 18. niacrosoma, Bleek 353 19. argATeus, Forsk 353 20. oblongus, C. et V. 354 bilobus, C. etV 339 peruvianas, C. et V. .... 339 richii, C.etV. 339 lineatus, Humboldt 339 limbatus, C.etV. 339 lucidus, C.etV. 339 argenteus, Buird 339 13- Scolopsis, Cuv 354 1. japonic-US, Bl. 354 2. margaritifer, C. et V. 355, 507 3. ciliatus, Laccp 355 4. auratus, Munqo Park. . . . 356 5. torquatus, C'. et V. 356 6. bilineatus, Bl 357 7. bimaculatus, Riijyp 357 8. inerinis, Sclde;/ 357 9. monogramma, K. et v. II. . 358 10. phixjops, Benn 358 11. temporalis, C. et V. . 360, 507 12. personatus, C. et V. .3(.K) 13. frenatus, C. et V. .-'.Ol 14. cancellatus, C. et J'. .... 361 15. bleekeri, Gthr 361 16. ghanam, Forsk 3(52 SYSTEMATIC INDKX. Page 17. pectinatus, K. et v. H. . . 3G2 18. longulus, Richards 3G3 19. leucotasnia, Bleek .363 20. leuootgenioides, Bleek. . . 3(53 21. caninus, C. et V. 364 pomotis, Richards .354 tajnioptenis, C. ct V. . . . . 354 14. Hetero^nathodon, Bleek. . . 364 1. bifasciatus, Bleeh .304 2. hellinuthii, Bleek 364 3. xanthoplem-a, Bleek 365 4. macrurus, Bleek 365 5. nemiirus, Bleek 365 6. microdon, Bleek 366 giiliminda, C.etV, .... 364 15. Dtntex, Cuv 366 1. vulgaris, C.etV. 366 2. argyrozona, C. et V. .... 368 3. *proeorbitalis, Gthr 368 4. rupcstris, C. et V. 370 5. macrophtlialmus, Bl. .... 370 6. filosus, Val. 371 7. nufar, Elirenh 371 8. hj-pselosoma, Bleek 371 9. griseus, Schley 372 10. microdon, Bhek 372 11. rivulatus, Rilpp 372 12. multidens, C.etV. .... 373 13. hasta, C.etV. 373 macrocephaluH, Lacep. . . 366 gobioides, Sohaidcr 366 thunbei'gii, Lacep 366 cpiodon, Bl. 366 riviilatus, Bemi 366 waigiensis, Q.etG 366 16. *Svnagns, Gfhr 373 1. fiircosus, C.etV. 373 2. tasniopterus, C. et V. . . . . 374 3. mulloides, Bleek 374 4. upeneoides, Bleek 375 5. zysron, Bleek 375 6. ovenii, Bleek 375 7. motopias, Bleek 376 8. hexodon, Q. et G 376 9. peronii, C. et V. 376 10. \ariabilis, Ehrenb 37(5 11. luteus, Schneid. 377 12. celebiciis, Bleek 377 13. nematopxis, Bli'ck 377 14. japouiciis, Bl. 378 15. filament osus, Riipp. ... 378 16. ncnmrus, Bleek 378 17. .sinensi.^a, Lacep. . . •579 18. npm.'),toplionis, Bleek. . . .'579 19. inacroiu'nui.'f, Glhr 380 runfginivtn.s, C.et V. . . . ., 37.'> t-.uill)ul(iirlrs. IV/ck. . . . , ■57-"' Page tolu, C.etV. 373 striatus, Bl 373 mesoprion, Bleek 373 ruber, C. et V. 373 17. Pristipomoides, Bleek 380 1. typus, Bkek 380 18. Pentapus, Cut 380 1. aurolineatus, Lacep. 881, 507 2. vitta, Q.etG 381 3. peronii, C. et V. 381 4. vittatus, Bl. 382 5. porosus, C.etV. 382 6. nubilus, Cant 382 7. unicolor, C.etV. 382 8. setosus, C.et V. 382 9. *paradiseu.9, Gthr 3a3 iri8, C.etV. 380 19. Chaetopterus, Schleg 385 1. dubiu.s, Gthr 385 20. Aphareus, C. et V. 385 1. furcatus, Lacep 380 2. rutilans, Cur 386 21. Mfena, Cuv 38<> 1. vulgaris, C. et V. 38(> 2. vomerina, C. et V. 387 3. zebra, Briinn 387 jusculum, C.etV. 386 22. ^maris, Cuv 387 1. vulgai-is, C. etV. 388 2. alcedo, Risso 388 3. maurii, Bonap 389 4. gracilis, Bonap 389 5. melanunis, C. et V. .... 389 6. balteatiis, C. et V. 389 7. insidiator, C.etV. 390 martinicus, C et V. .... 387 23. Cfesio, Commers 390 1. lunarLs, JEJirenbf/ 390 2. xanthonotus, Bleek 391 3. pisang, Bleek 391 4. pinjalo, Bleek 391 5. maculatus, C. et V. .... 391 6. cmrulaurcus, Lacdp 392 7. sti-iatus, Riipp 392 8. chry.sozona, K. et r. II. . . 392 9. argenteus, Bl. 393 10. tile, C.etV. 393 11. *cylindricus, Gthr 393 12. g^'mnopterus, Bleek 394 tricolor, C.etV. 390 cnning, Bl. 390 24. J'^rvtlu-ichthvs. Schleg 395 i. schlegolii, Rich. ..." 395 2. nitidua, Rich 395 3. cyanescens, Gaij .'51)5 4. li'iicogrnmniini.'^, Bhik.. . 39(5 25. Pi'ndiprion. h'leek. ...... .396 SVSTKMA.TIC INDI'.X. Page 1. <>orrcoides, Bhek .'«)(> 20. Vo\\c^n\ms,MiiU.c(Tn)srh. 80(3 1. .'clioiuburgkii, 31. et T. . . 31)0 Fam. 0. Mui.Lio^K. 1. Upeueoides, Block 307 1. vittiitus^ Forsk 307 2. trag-ula, Rich 308 3. sulphuveus, C. ct V. .... 308 4. moluccen.sis, Blvck 300 5. bensasi, Schlcg .'500 6. sundaious, BIcck 300 7. vlaniiiio-ii, C. ct V. 400 taMiioptorus, ( '. cf V. .... .307 sub^•ittatu,^, Schlcfi .307 2. Upcnoic-htby.s, ]}l,'ck 400 1. poro.sus, C. ct V. 400 3. Mullu,^, L 400 1. barbatus, L 401 2. .siirmuletus, L 401 4. Miilloide.s Bk-ck '. , 402 1. Havoliiieatu.?, Laccp 403 2. Havovittatn.-^, Pucy 403 3. vanicoleiisis, C. ct V. . . . . 404 4. zeyloniciis, C.ctV. .... 404 5. japonicus, Houtt 404 iiiartinicus, C. ct V. .... 402 parvu.s, PiK'i/ 402 baltoatiis, C. ct V. 402 mauritianus, Bcnn 402 6. Upeneus, C. ct V. 404 1. barbeiiiius, Laccp 405 2. macron emus, Lacep 405 3. barberinoides, Blcek 40G 4. indicus, Sltaw 40G 5. spilurus, Blcck 400 0. pk'uro.^pilo.'^, Bleck 407 7. brandt'sii, Buck 407 8. malabaricus, C. et V. . . . . 407 9. trifasciatiis, Laccp 407 10. maculatiis, BL 408 11. punctatiis, a ct V. 408 12. prayen^is, C.ctV. 400 13. cyclostoma, Laccp 409 14. oxAceplialus, Bkck 409 15. chrysopleuron, Schleg. . . 410 16. jausenii, Bleek 410 17. dubius, Schlcff, 411 18. bilineatus, C'.et V. 411 19. crassilabris, C. ct V. .... 411 aiu-iflainma, Forsk 404 clierserydrcs, Laccp 404 cinnabarinus, C. et V. . . 404 fvaterculus, C. et V. .... 404 atherinoides, C. etV..... 404 cvprinoides, C. et V. .... 404 liiteu.s C. ct r. .... 404 Fam. 7. Sj'ARiDiK. Y'lY^i Group. C .\ N T II A I! I x 1. Cantharus, Cur 1. Iineatu8, Moid 2. ))rama, Bl. 3. orbiculari.s, C. et V. . . . . 4. emavf.'-inatu.^i, C. ct ]'..... 5. blothii, CctV... 0. graudnculis, C. ct V. . . . . 7. e;»ruleus, C. et J'. 8. maculatus, C. et V. .... 0. lineolatus, C. ct V. senep-alensis, C. ct V. . . . . 2. Box, Our. . 1. vulgaris, C. ct T. . . . 2. .*alpa, L 3. goreensis, C. et V. salpoides, C.-et V. 3. Scatluirus, C.ct V. 1. gT.Tecus, C. et V. .... 4. Oblata, Cur 1. melanura, L 5. Crenidens, C. et V. 1. forskalii, C. ct V. 6. * Pachymetopon, Gtltr 1. *g:raiide, Gthr 7. Dipterodon, C. et V. 1. capen.sis, C. et V. 8. * Proteracauthus, Gthr. 1. sarissophorus, Catit 9. nirella, Gray . I punctata. Gray 2. tricu.^pidata, Q.ctG 3. simplex, Bicliurds 4. *zonata, Gtltr leonina, Rich 10. Doydixodon, Val. 1. freminvillei, Val. 11. *Tephra3ops, Gthr 1. richardsonii, Gthr 2. zebra. Rich 12. * Gymnocrotaplius, Gthr. . 1. *curvidens, Gthr. Second Group. IIatlodactylina. 13. Haplodactylus, C. et V. . . 1. pmictatus, C. et V. 2. vermiculatus, Gay 3. guttatus, Guy 4. arctiden.-i, ^iich 5. *lophodon, Gthr Third (iroup. Sargina. i4. Sargu.s, Klein 1. vulgaris, Gcoffr Page 413 413 41(5 4](i 410 410 417 417 417 418 413 418 418 4L'0 421 418 422 422 422 422 424 424 424 424 426 426 426 427 427 427 428 420 429 427 431 431 431 432 432 432 4-32 434 4M 434 434 435 435 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 2. rondeletii, C. et V. 440 3. capensis, Stnith 442 4. vetula, C. et V. 444 5. lineatus, C. ct F. 444 6. iioct, Uhrenbf/ 444 7. argenteus, C. et V. . . . . . . 445 8. amiventris, Pet 445 9. annularis, Z 445 10. flavo-lineatus, C. et V. . . 44(5 11. iininiacidatus, Bl 446 12. ovi3, 3Iitch 447 13. rhomboides, L 447 14. fasciatus, C. et V. 448 15. cervinus, Loive 448 IG. avics, C.etV. 449 17. * ambassis, Gthr 449 a-sceusiouis, C. et V. .... 437 areuosus, Dekay 507 15. Chara.x, Risso 452 1. puutazzo, L 453 Fourth Group. Pa or in a. 16. Lethrinus, Ciiv 463 1. rostratus, K. et v. H. . . . . 454 2. amboinensis, Bleek 455 3. moensii, Bleek 455 4. nematacanthus, Bleek. . . 456 5. * richardsonii, GtJn- 450 6. reticulatus, C et V. .... 457 7. chrysostomus, Rich 457 8. latifrons, Riq^j 458 9. harak, Forsk 458 10. ramak, Forsk 459 11. cocosen.si8, Bleek 469 12. atlanticus, C.etV. 460 13. kallopterus, Bleek 460 14. nebulosus, Forsk 460 15. opercularis, C et V. .... 461 16. xanthotsenia, Bleek 461 17. leutjanus, Lacep 461 18. ♦glyphodon, Gthr 462 19. mahsena, Forsk . 463 20. mahsenoides, C. et V. . 464 21. hfeniatopterus, Schley. . 464 22. latidens, C.etV. 464 pothofredi, C.etV. 453 fa-sciatus, C. ct V. 453 frenatus, C.etV. 463 korely, C.etV. 453 maculatus, C ct V. 453 cinoreus, C. et V. 453 microdon, C, et V. 453 olivaceus, C. et V. 453 waigiensi,% C. et V. 453 sordid us C. ct V. 454 flavpsccns, C. cf V. . . . 454 P.ip;e azureus, C. et V. 454 CPeruleus, C. et V. 454 croceopterus, C. et V.. . . . 464 argenteus, C. et V. 454 borbonicus, C.etV 454 geniguttatu.«>, C. et V. . . 454 genivittatus, C. et V. . . . . 464 ch8erorliynchu.s,*S'c/)/ifK/. . 464 virescens, C. et V. 454 karwa, C.etV. 454 abbreviatu!?, Gthr 464 erytliropterus, C. et V. . . 454 erythracanthus, C. et V. . . 464 alboguttatua, C. et V. .... 464 xanthoptcrus, C. et J'. . . 464 miniatus, Forst 464 anatarius. Rich 454 cyanoxanthus. Rich 454 cinnabariiuis, Rich 454 17. Sphfierodon, Ri(p2} 465 1. grandoculis, Forsk 465 2. heterodon, Bleek 465 18. I'agrus, Cin- 465 1. vulgaris, C. et V. 466 2. orphiis, Risso 467 3. laniarius, C. et V. 467 4. unicolor, Q. et G 468 (micropterus, C. et V. . . 468) 5. major, Schlcg 470 6. tumifrons, Schley 470 7. cardinalis, Lacep 470 8. auriga, Val, 471 9. ehreubergii, C. et V. .... 471 10. filamentosus, C. et V. . . 471 11. spinifer. Forsk 472 12. argyrops, L 472 Inirta, L 465 lata, Soland 465 macrocephalus, Val. .... 465 19. Pagellus, C.etV. 473 1. orythrinu.s, L 473 2. centrodontus, De la R. . . 476 3. *owenii, Gthr 478 4. acarne, Cuv 480 5. bogaraveo, Briinn 480 6. mornivTus, L 481 7. lithognathus, C. ctV. . . 483 breviceps, C.etV. 473 20. Chry.^ophrys^ Cur> 483 1. aurata, L 484 2. cra.s.sirostris, C. et V. . . . . 484 3. globiceps, C. et V. 485 4. caeruleosticta, C. et V. . . 485 6. laticeps, C.etV. 485 6. oristicops, C. et V. 486 7. gibbiceps, C.etV. 487 8. caljinius, C. et V. 487 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page (microps, Guich 487) 9. sarba, Forsk 488 10. haffara, Forsk 488 11. bifasciata, Forsk 488 12. a.ries, Schleg 489 13. taurina, Jen 489 14. hasta, Schn 490 15. calamara, C.et V. 493 16. berda, Forsk 494 17. *australis, Gthr 494 18. aculeata, C.etV. 496 bilobata, Lacep 483 coracinus, C. et V. 483 madagascariensis, C. ct V. 483 annularis, £1. 483 forsteri, Sclm 483 Page Fifth Group. Pimelepterina. 21. Pimelepterus, Lacep 497 1. boscii, Lacep 497 2. fuscus, Comm 498 3. waigiensis, Q. et G 498 4. lembus, (J.etV. 498 5. ternatensis, Bleek 499 6. tahmel, Forsk 499 dussiunieri, C. et V. .... 497 raynaldi, C. etV. 497 oblongior, Cant 497 incisor, C.etV. 497 iudicus, C.etV. 497 Irevifrons, Tschucli 497 (22. Boridia, C. et V. 499 1. grossidens, C. et V. .... 499) ERRATA. Page 30, line 25 from bottoin, read the third not quite twice as long as tlio second. » 97, ,1 ■") fron bottoin, Lufjanm lunidatus, Bl. Schn. p. 329, is to be erased. „ 98, ., 8 from bottom, Serrantis mtrantitis, Cuv. & Val. ii. p. 30,;. is to be erased. „ 169, Plate XIV. fig. A. is to be erased. CATALOGUE OF FISHES. Subclass I. TELEOSTEI. Fishes with ossified skeleton and completely separated ertebrae ; the posterior extremity of thp vertebral column either bony, or covered w^ith bony plates. Bulb of the aorta simple, with two opposite valves* at the origin; branchise free. Order I. ACANTHOPTERYGII. Part of the rays of the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins not articulated, forming spines. The inferior pharyngeal bones separated. Air-bladder, if present, without pneu- matic duct. C£r. MiiUer, in Eeri. Abhandl. 1844, p. 199. Fam. 1. GASTEROSTEIDiE. Form of body elongated, compressed ; eyes lateral ; cleft of mouth extending on the sides of the muzzle, oblique; villiform teeth in both the jaws and on the pharyngo-branchials, none on the palate or on the tongue. Three branchiostegals. Opercular bones not armed ; infraorbital arch articulated with prseoperculum ; parts of i! GASTEROSTEID.E. the skeleton forming external mails. Scales none, or in the form of scaly plates along the side. Isolated spines before the dorsal fin ; ventral fins abdominal, but pubic bones attached to the humeral arch ; ventral ^^ ith one strong spine, and generally with another single short ray. S\\am-bladder simple, oblong ; caeca pylorica in small number. Fresh and brackish waters and seas of both the Arctic rej'ions. Onlv one genus. 1. GASTEROSTEUS*. Gasterosteiis, Artedi, Genera, p. 52 ; Lin)). Si/sf. A'af. p. 489 ; Citu. H^ffnc Anini. ; C)ir. ^ Vnl. iv. p. 479. Centriscus, Klein, Pise. 3Ess. iv. p. 48. Gasterosteus and Spinachia, Fletn. Brit. Anim. p. 219 Characters the same as of the family. 1. Gasterosteus aculeatus. Pungitiiis piscis, AIhe)-t. Magn. Aldrov. v. cap. 36. — — albcrti, Jo)tdo)i, iii. cap. 3. Pisciculi aculoati priufr genus, Ronilel. ii. p. 206 ; Gesner, fol. ICOo. Pisoiculus aculeatus, WilliK/lihy, p. 341. t. 10. f. 1; Hay, p. 145. Gastero.steu3, no. 1, Artedi, Species, p. 90 ; Gronov. Zoophyl. n. 405. Doubtfzd species : — 1. Obolarius acideatus, Sfdlcr. — Gastcracanllius cataphrachis, Pallas, . — Gaaterosteua cataphractus, Tiles. Mem. Acad. I'cfersh. iii. p. 22t). pi. 8. f. 1. — Grastci'osleiis obolarius, Cuv. ^' Val. iv. ]). 500. — Coast and Kivers of Krtintsohatka. 2. Gasterosteus niger, Cta:. /rcs, P)-oc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i. 185.^i, p. 47 ; Girard in U. S. Pacif. R. R. Exped. Fishes, p. 88. — California. 8. Gasterosteus intermcdius. Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 135, and U. S. Paeif. R. R. Exped. Fishes, p. 81). — Cape Flattery. y. Gasterosteus jjugetti, Girard, U. S. Pacif. R. R. Exped. Fishes, p. 92. — Fort Steilaeoom, Puget's Sound. 10. Gasterosteus microcephalus, (xirard, Proc. Ac. Naf. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 133, and U. S. Pacif. R. R. F^ped. Fishes, p. 91.— Four Creeks, Tulare Valley, U.S. 11. Gasterosteus loricatus, Reinh. Vidoisk. Silsi. Natur. ny Math. Afh. vii. 1838, p. IM.— Greenland. 12. Gasterosteus dimidiatus. Rrn>h.l.c. Greeidaiifl. 1. OASTEK0STEU3. 3 Gasterosteua aculeatus, Linn. Si/st. p. 489 ; Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 167 ; Block, t. 53. f. 3 ; Bl. 'Schn. p. 122 ; Donov. Brit. Fishes, i. pi. 11 ; TurtoH, Brit. Faun. p. 101 ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 219; Fries och Ek-str. Skand. Fi^k. p. 17. t. 4. f. 1 ; Thompson, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. 1841, vii. p. 95 ; White, Catal. Brit. Fishes, p. 35. Centriscus, sp., Klein, Pise. Miss. iv. p. 48. t. 13. f. 4, 5. Gasterosteus ter-aculeatus, Lacep. iii. p. 296. D. 1 1 1 1 -'-. A. 5^. P. 10. V. 1/1. Ctec. pylor. 2. Vert. 15/16. Sides of the body with a more or less complete series of scaly plates. The two anterior dorsal spines one-third of the height/ of the body. Var. A. Gasterosteus gymnurus. Gasterosteus gymnums, Cut: Regne Anim. leiurus, Cuv. i^ Val. iv. p. 481. pi. 98. f. 4 ; Varr. Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 522, and Brit. Fishes, i. p. 95 ; Owen, Catal. p. 56 ; Coste, Mhnoires Sci. Sac. Etrang. x. 1848; Gitnther, Neckarjische, p. 29. Quarter-armed Stickleback, Parn. Ichth. Frith of Forth, p. 30. t. 25. Four or five scaly plates above the pectoral fin ; the remainder of the body naked. Middle and Southei'u parts of Europe ; England, France, South Germany, Baltic. a. Adult. New Biver. Museum Leach. b-e. Adult. Greenwich. Presented by W. Yarrell, Esq. f, (J. Adult. Poole Heath . Dorset. Presented by W. Thompson, Esq. h-Tc. Adult. Wandsworth. Museum teach. I, m. Adult. Lochend. n. Adult. Duddington Loch. o~r. Adult. England. s. Adult : nov good state, Baltic. From the Haslar Collection, t. Adult. From the Haslar Collection. u. Half- grown : bad state. v-y. Half-grown. Presented by Dr. Johnston. z. Half- grown. Museum Leach. a. Adult. /3. Adult: skeleton. Var. B. Gasterosteus semiarmatus. Gasterosteus semiarmatus, Cuv. Sf Val. iv. 493 ; Yarr. I. c. f. 127 h, and Brit. Fishes, i. p. 94 ; Parn. I. c. p. 32. t. 22. The front part of the side with a series of ten to fifteen scaly plates. France ; Belgium ; England. a~d. Adult. Greenwich. Presented by W. Yarrell, Esq. e, f. Adult. Tweed. Presented by Dr. Johnston. 4 OASTEROSTEID.TC. Var. C. Gasteeosteus semiloricatus. Gasterosteus semiloricatus, Cuv. Sf Val. iv. p. 494; Tliompson, I. c. p. 95. The series of scaly plates rea hing to the front end of the caudal keel. France; Ireland. Var. D. Gasteeosteus teach itrus. Gasterosteus trachunis, Ckiv. 8f Val. iv. p. 481. pi. 98. f. 1 ; Yarr. I. c. f. 127 a, and Brit. Fishes, i. p. 90 ; Parn. I. c. p. 33. t. 25. aculeatus, Eksti-o^n, Fische Morko, p. 153. trachurus, var. pontica, Nordtn. in Demid. Voy. Unss. Merid. iii. p. 357. The sides of body and tail entirely covered with a series of scaly plates. Northern parts of Europe ; North Germany, England, France. a. Adult. Greenwich. Presented by W. Yarreli, Esq. b. Adult. Marsh at Plymouth. Museum Leach. c. Adult. Poole Heath, Dorset. Presented by W. Thompson, Esq. d. e. Adult. Tweed. Presented by Dr. Johnston. /. Adult. England. Presented by Mr. Moore. g. Adult. Frith of Forth. h-Jc. Half-groT\Ti. Frith of Forth. l-n. Adult. Gotha River, Sweden. 0. Half-grown. Norway. Presented by G. Woodfall, Esq. p-u. Fine specimens. From the Haslar Collection. V, w. Adult. From the Haslar Collection. x-a. Half -grown. From the Haslar Collection. /3-S. Adult. Europe. €-d. Yoiing. Europe. Var. E. Gasteeosteus notebokacensis. Gasterosteus aculeatus, Schoepff. noveboracensis, Cuv. 8f Val. iv. p. 502. pi. 98. f. 3 ; Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, p. 66. pi. 6. f. 17 (bad). Entirely similar to the preceding variety, but with the ventral spine rather longer, reaching to the posterior extremity of the pubic bone. Fresh waters of the northern parts of North America. a. Adult. Greenland. b. Several young specimens. North America. 2. Gasterosteus argyropomus. Gasterosteus argyi'opomus, Cuv. 8f Val. iv. p. 498. D.l|l|l. A.l. P.O. V.1/1. Sides without any plates ; the anterior dorsal spines about one- third of ihe height of body. ItaTj'. a-e. Fine specimens. Rome. Presented by W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. 1. GASTEROSTEUS. 5 3. Gasterosteus brachycentrus. Gasterosteus bracliycentrus, Cur. l^ V(d. iv. p. 499. pi. 98. f. 2 ; Thompson, I. c. p. 100 ; Yarr. Brit. Fishes, i. p. 9(5 ; Heck. Kner, SitHswusserJisehe, f. 17. aculeatus, var., White, Catul. Brit. Fishes, p. 35. T). 1 I 1 I-. A. -. P. 10. V. 1/1. Three or four scaly plates above the pectoral fin. The anterior dorsal spines only one-fifth of the height of the body ; the ventral spine one-third of the length of the os innominatum. Italy. 4. Gasterosteus biaculeatus. frasterosteus biaculeatus, Shtuv, Zool. iv. p. 608 ; Penn. Arct. Zool. ii. p. 385 ; Cuv. ^ Val. iv. p. 503. cuvieri, Girard, Bost. Journ. vi. p. 254. pi. 7. f. 1. D.l|l|l A.-i. P. 9. V.1/1. Sides of the tail without scaly plates. The ventral spine with a spinous process at the outer side of its base. Blackish. Coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador. Gasterosteus biaculeatus, Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, p. fc!5, pi, 3. f. 9, is a different fish, probably identical with Gasterosteus noveboracensis. Strangely enough he says, " Vent 'with an anterior pouch, analogous to that observed in Syngnathus.'^ (?) 5. Gasterosteus tetracanthus. Gasterosteus tetracanthus, Cue, Sf Vul. iv. p. 499. D.l|l|l|f.. A.i. P. 11. V.1/1. Sides of the posterior part of body naked ; the anterior dorsal spines shorter than one-third of the height of the body. {Cuv.) Italy. 6. Gasterosteus spinulosus. Gasterosteus spinulosu.s, Jett. <5r Yarr. ; Jen. Man. p. 350 ; iStark, Jameson's Edinb. Journ. 1830, p. 327 ; Yarr. Brit. Fishes, i. p. 97; Parn. I. c. p. 3(3. t. 25. aculeatus, var., Thompson, I. c. p. 103. D. 1 I 1 I 1 I f A. 1 P. 9. V. 1/1. Sides of the posterior part of body naked ; the anterior dorsal spines about one-fourth of the height of the body ; the ventral spine does not reach the posterior extremity of the pubic bone. Fresh waters of Great Britain.. a. Adult. Isle of Arran. Museum Ajcach. b. Half-grown. Berwick. Presented by Dr. Johnston. 6 GASTEROSl-EID.*;. 7. Gasterosteus pungitius. Nine very short isolated dorsal spines ; the tenth spine tAvo-thii"ds lower than the second dorsal. Sides naked, the caudal keel some- times with verj' thin scales. Northern parts of Europe : England, France, North Germany, Baltic. Northern parts of America ; Newfoundland ; New York. A. European variety : Gasterosteus pungitius. Pisciculi aculeati alteram genus, RondcJ. ii. p. 200. Pisciculus pungitivus, Gi'sucr, fol. IGO a. aculeatus minor, 1f'illu(/Jib;/, p. 342; Itai/, p. 145. Pungitii alterum genus, Aldror. v. cap. 30; Juiisfon, lab. 28. fig. a. (left-hand figure). Gasterosteus no. 2, Arfedi, Spec. p. 97 ; (irounv. Zooplit//. n. 400. pimgitius, Limt. Si/st. p. 491 ; Oronov. Si/st. cd. Graif, p. 107 ; m. ii. p. 108. t. 53. f. 4; Bl. Schi. p. 123'; L„rep. ii'i. p. 297; Donor. Brit. Fin/ics, ii. pi. 32; Fa/his, Zoot/r. iii. p. 228; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 101; F/rm. Brit. Anim. p. 219'; Cm: ^- Vol. iv. p. 500 ; Thompson, I.e. p. 103; Fkatnini, Fisrhc Morkii, p. 159; Fries och Fk.ftr. p. 20. pi. 4. f. 2 ; Varrr//, Brit. Fi.'^Jics, i. p. 99 ; Parn. I. c. p. 37. t. 20 ; Wliiie, Catal. Brit. Fishvs, p. 30. a. Adult. Battersea Fields. Museum Leach. h d . Adult. Cobhani (Surrey). Museum Leach. e. Many specimens, (iotha River, Sweden. /. vUlult: not good state. Baltic. From the Haslar Collection. y, h. Adult. i, k. Half-grown. From the Haslar Collection. B. American variety : Gasterosteus occidentalis. Gastcro9teu.<5 occidentalis, Cm: ^- Val. iv. p. 509; Dekmj, Nctv York Fauna, p. 08. pi. 42. f 135. pungitius, Storer, Rep. Mass. p. 32. nehulosus, Agass. Lake Superior, p. 310. pi. 4. f. 2. l-n. Adult. North America. 8. Gasterosteus mainensis. Storer,, Bost. Jmirn. i. p. 404. K.7U-. Back with seven spines, the last longest ; a broad oblong serrated plate on the side, with numerous dusky transverse bands. Fresh water. Maine. 9. Gasterosteus concinnus. Jtichardsim, Faun. Bor.-Ainrr., Fis/ti-.s. j). 57. 1). 7 I-. A. -. V. 1 1. Ml 9 1. GASTEK06TECS. 7 The eighth spine one-third lower tlian the second dorsal. No scales whatever on the body. (Rich.) Fresh waters from the Saskatchewan to the Great Bear Lake. This species may be identical -svith the former. 10. Gasterosteus quadracus. Gasterosteus quadracus, Mitch. Trans. Lit. i^- Phil. Soc. i. p. 430. pi. 1. f. 11 (bad); Cuv. Sf Val. iv. p. 504; Dekay, Netc York Fauna, pi. G. f. 18. — ^ apeltes, Cuv. 8f Val. iv. p. 505 ; Storer, Heport, p. 31. ? miUepunctatus, Ayres, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 294. pi. 12. f. 3. D. 3-4U,. A.;^. I 12 lU No bony cuirass between the ventral tins ; without any scaly plates, and no keel on the side of the tail. Fresh waters of New York. 11. Gasterosteus spinachia. Aculeatus vel Pimgitius mariims longus, Schonev. p. 10. t. 4. f. 3; Willuyhby, p. 340; Ray, p. 145. Gasterosteus no. 3, Artecli, Genera, p. 52 ; Gronov. Zoophi/l. no. 407. spinachia, Linn. Syst. p. 492 ; Moch, t. 53. f. 1 ; Bl. S'chn. p. 123. t. 33. f. 2 ; Lacep. iii. p. 301 ; JJonor. Brit. Fishes, ii. pi. 45 ; Turt. Brit. Faun. p. 101 ; Fk'vi. Brit. Anim. p. 219 ; Cur. i)- Val. iv. p. 509; Ekstr. Fische Mdrko, p. 163; Fries och Ekstr. p. 21. t. 4. f. 3 ; Jen. Man. p. 351 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes, i. p. 101 ; Thompson, I. c. p. 104 ; Parn. I. e. p. 38. pi. 26 ; White, Catal. Brit. Fishes, p. 30. Centi'iscus, sp., KMn, Pise. Miss. iv. p. 48. no. 1. t. 4. f. 5. Gasterosteus marinas, Gronor. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 168, Spinachia vulgaris, Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 219. D. 15 I 6-7. A. 6-7. P. 10. V. 1/1. Cajc. pylor. 2. Vert. 18/23. Back with fifteen free spines. Body laterally covered with scaly plates. Along all the northern European coasts. a. Adult. Plymouth. Museum Leach. b. Adult : skin. Plymouth. From Mr. Yarrell's Collection. c-h. Adult. Brighton. Presented by J. G. Cliildi'en, Esq. i. Adult. Brighton. Presented by Dr. A. Gunther. k. Adult. English Channel. /. Large female specimen. Wales, Presented by Mrs. Gray. m-p. Half-grown. South Wales. Presented by F. Stokes, Esq. q. Adult. Bei-wick on Tweed, Presented by Dr. Johnston. '•. Very large specimen : not good state. Polperro. Presented by J. Couch, Esq. s-w. Adult and half-grown specimens. Frith of Forth. .v-i. Adult and half-grown specimens, Europe. UKKYCID^. Fam. 2. BERYCIDiE. Form of body oblong or rather elevated, compressed ; eyes lateral, large ; cleft of mouth extending on the sides of the muzzle, more or less oblique ; villiform teeth in both the jaws, and generally on the palate. Eight or four branchiostegals. Opercular bones more or less armed. Scales ctenoid, seldom bony, or wanting. Central fins thoracic, with more than five soft rays, in one genus with less. Cajca pjiorica in increased number. Tropical and temperate seas. The genera of this most natural family have been improperly scattered by Cu\-ier in the families of TrigUdse and Percida;. Lowe was the first who defined this group, in his admirable work on the " Fishes of Madeira." He overlooked, however, the genus Rhynchichthys, apparently a less aberrant form than Monocentris, which may be considered as a connecting link with the first family. Syno2)sis of the Genera. Scales foniiing a bony mail; several isolated spines in front of the dorsal fin 1. MoNOCENTRlS. One dorsal. No vomerine teeth. Abdomen ser- rated 2. HOPLOSTETHUS. One dorsal. Vomerine teeth. Abdomen serrated. 3. Tbachichthys. No scales 4. ANOPLOGASTEjlt. One dorsal. Vomerine teeth. No barbel 5. Beryx. Two barbels 6. Polymixia. Two dorsals. Prseopercular spine none 7. Myripristis. Two dorsals. Praeopercular spine. Jaws equal, or the lower prominent 8. Holocentrum. Two dorsals. Pra3opercular spine. Snout pro- jecting beyond the mouth 9. Rhynchichthys. 1. MONOCENTRIS. (lasterosteus, sp., Houttuyn. Scisena, sp., Thunhcry. Monocentris, Bl. Schn. p. 100; Cuv. 8f Val. iv. p. 461. Lepisacantlius, Lacep. iii. p. 321. Muzzle blunt, rounded, protruding, with the cleft of mouth beneath ; eye moderate. Villiform teeth in both the jaws and on the i)alatines, but none on the vomer. Eight brancliiostegals. Opei'fiiliU- l)ones .scarcely denticulated ; suborl)ital bones with radi- ating boil}' ridges. Scales verj- large, bou) , fornung together a mail. Several isolated .spines in front of the dorsal. Ventrals reduced to a 2. nOPLOSTETHUS. 9 single strong spine and a few very short rays ; caudal not forked. Swim-bladder? Sea of Japan. 1. Monocentris japonicus. Gastei'osteus Japonicus, Houttuyn, Act. Soc. Harl. xx. pt. 2. p. 329. Sciaena catapnracta, Tlmnberfj, Nov. Act. Sclent. Siiec. xi. p. 102. tab. 3. Monocentris carinata, Bl. Schn. p. 100. tab. 24 (copied). Lepisacantlius japonicus, Lacep. iii. p. 321. Monocentris japonicus, Cuv. ^ Val. iv. p. 461. pi. 97; Faun. Japon. p. 50. pi. 22. f. 1. D. 6 I 11. A. 10. P. 13. V. 1/2. L. lat. 13. L. transv. 2/4. Anterior dorsal and ventral spines very strong and thick. Head shorter than the height of the body. Sea of Japan. a. Adult. Japan. h. Adult : skin in spirits. Purchased of Mr. Frank. c, d. Adult : stuffed. China Seas. e. Half- grown : stutfcd. Purchased. 2. HOPLOSTETHUS. Hoplostethus, Cuv. ^ Val. iv. p. 469. Trachichthvs, sp., Lowe, Fishes of Madeira, p. 55. Muzzle very short, rounded, not protruding; cleft of mouth oblique ; eye large. Exceedingly fine villiform teeth in both the jaws and on the palatines, but none on the vomer. Eight branchio- stegals. Operculum entire, a strong spine on the scapular bone and at the angle of pra^operculum ; suborbital arch with radiating ridges. Scales ctenoid, of moderate size ; abdomen serrated. One dorsal with a spinous and with a. soft portion ; ventrals with six soft rays ; pectoral blunt and rounded behind ; caudal deeply forked. Swim-bliadder simple ; pyloric appendages numerous, Mediterranean ; coast of Madeira. 1. Hoplostethus mediterraneus. Hoplostethus mediterraneus, Cttv. i<( Val. iv. p. 469. pi. 97 bis. ; Guichenot, Explor. AUjerie, Poiss p. 42. Tracliichtliys pretiosus, Lowe, Siippl. FisJies of Madeira, in Proc. Zool. ISoc. 1839, p. 77, and Fishes of Madeira, p. 55. tab. 9. D. 1^: A.l V. 1/6. L. lat. 28-29. Vert. 11/15. Pectoral fin reaching beyond the origin of the anal fin ; the serrated ventral keel composed of eleven to thirteen scales. Pale reddish or rose-coloured. Mediterranean ; coast of Madeira. a. Adult. Madeira. Presented by the Zoological Society. Skeleton. — Cfr. Owen, Osteol. Catal. i. p. 56. 10 DERVCID.T-;. 3. TRACHICHTHYS. Trachichthys, Shan; Nat. Misc. x. pi. :}78, Cuv. i^- Vol. iii. p. 229 Amphiprion, BL S'cfin. p. 551. Tracliichthys, sp., LoWc, Fishes of Madeira, p. 55. Muzzle very short, rounded, not protruding ; cleft of mouth oblique; chin prominent, eye large. Exceedingly fine villiform teeth in both the jaws, on the palatines, and on the vomer. Eight branchiostegals ; a strong spine on the scapuhir bone and at the angle of praiopcrculum, a small one on the operculum ; suborbital arch with radiating ridges. Scales ctenoid, rather small, abdomen serrated. One dorsal, ventral with six soft ray.s ; caudal forked. Swim -bladder? Pyloric appendages? Australian Sea. 1. Trachichthys australis. Trachichthys australis, SJiaic, Nat. Misc. tab. 378, and Zool. i\. p. 630 ; Cur. Sf Val. iii. p. 229; Loire, Fishes of Madeira, p. 55 et scq. Amphiprion carinatus, Bl. Schu. p. 551. D.l A.l. V. 1/6. P. 13. Scales rough, rather irregularly arranged, those of the lateral line not larger ; the serrated ventral keel composed of eight scales. The height of the body not quite one-half of the length between snout and the base of the caudal. Australian Sea, a. Adult: stuffed. New Holland. (ShaAv's original specimen.) 2. Trachichthys elongatus. (Plate 1. fig. A.) I).-^. A. I V. 1/0. L. lat. ca. Go. Scales rough, those of the lateral line not larger ; the serrated ventral keel composed of eleven or twelve scales. The height of the body one-third of the length between snout and the base of the caudal. a Skin, in spirits. Great Barrier Island (New Zealand). Purchased of Mr. Sowerby. b. Young. Austraha. Description. — This new species differs as much in the foi-m of the body from the other, as a I)ace from a Crucian Carj). The length of tbn head is less than the height of tlu^ body. The snout is ex- ceedingly short, about oue-third of tlie diameter of orbit. The u])[)cr maxillary reaches a little behind tlie eye ; it is elongate and styliform lik(! ,the intermaxillary, but dilated at the end. The lower jaw is shorter than the upper, and fiiniisluMl in front with two little knobs ; the interniaxillaries are scarcely separated from one another by a noteli. All the teeth are fine, villiform; those 3. TUACnicnTUYs. 11 of the jaws and palatine bones in narrow l)ancls, and those of the vomer in a small patch. The interspace between the eyes is one-third of the length of the head, and convex ; the scales of the nape extend nearh' to above the middle of the eye. The remainder of the upper surface of the head is scaleless, and occupied by cavities. There arc two narrow bony ridges running from the nape to the front of the snout ; they converge in the middle, including posteriorly a narrow triangidar cavity. Between these lidges and the superciliary margin there is on each side another ridge, slightly arched, and running from the supra- scapulary to the posterior nostril ; there is a pair of large cavities between these and the inner ridges ; lastly, there is a third cavity be- tween the ridge just mentioned and the superciliary arch. This latter cavity is absent in Beri/x ajjinis, the outer ridge and the superciliary margin being confluent in that species. The nostrils are close together ; the anterior small, round ; the posterior larger, short, ovate. The eye is placed high up the sides, its cUameter is nearly one-third of the length of the head. The infraorbital arch is trans- formed into a channel, covered by a half- transparent skin, like the cavities of the skull ; several bony ridges cross it ; the anterior infraorbital is very narrow in front and scarcely denticulated ; none of the bones extend to the proeoperculum. The operculum is not twice as high as Avide ; no scales are visible on it, except at its upper extremity, but broad ridges, rough and slightly arched ; the spine at its upper angle Ls scarcely visible. The suboperculum is entire, and notched before the pectoral ; the interoperculum is rough and slightly serrated. The pra^operculum has on the hinder and under part two j^arallel ridges with a channel between ; they are slightly roughened and meet at a right angle, where there is a projecting triangular spine with a sharj) l)onj' ridge ; the edges of this spine have a fine, hardly visible serrature. The spine does not extend to the gill-opening. Cheek scaly. The scapu- lary bone has a distinct spine, much more feeble than in the other species. Humeral bone not serrated. The dorsal fin is placed somewhat nearer the base of the caudal than the tip of the snout ; its height equals its length. The spines and rays are much more slender than in Trachichtht/s (tnstrnlis, and not roughened. The spines become long'er behind ; the fourth is about as long as the last ray, one-half of the longest ; the longest ray is the third, much longer than one-half of the depth of the body. The caudal is moderately forked, with pointed lobes of moderate length, aboixt one-fifth of the total. The origin of the anal falls under the end of the dorsal, it is rather higher than long, but much lower than the dorsal ; the spines and rays arc smooth, the former gradually becoming longer lichind ; the third spine is much sliorter than the first ray (which is the longest), and even somewhat sliorter than the last. The pectorals are slightly rounded, short, their length being one-seventh only of the total. The ventrals equal the ])e(torals in length ; they are inserted a little behind the pectorals ; their spine is equal to the third of the anal fin. 12 IIKKYCID.K. The scales are smaller and smootlier and more regularly arranged than in TrachichtJii/s australis ; their margin is strongly ciliated. The scaly plates hetween the root of the ventrals and the anus are imbricate, each aimed with a strong spine directed backwards. Along the middle of each lobe of the caudal fin a black streak. inches. lines. Total length 4 1 Height of the body 1 2 Length of the head 1 0 of maxillary bone (* (J of fourth dorsal spine 0 4 of third dorsal ray 0 8 of first anal ray 0 f.i 4. ANOPLOGASTER. Hoplostetlms, sp., Ciiv. ^- Vai i.x. p. 470. Muzzle very short, rounded, not protniding ; cleft of mouth ob- lique, chin prominent ; eye large. Villiform teeth in both the jaws, several larger ones in the lower, none on the palate, flight l)ran- chiostegals. Operculum entire, a strong spine at the angle of pra;- operciUum ; suborbital arch with radiating ridges. Scales none ; skin covered vnt\\ rough tubercles. One dorsal, ventral with six soft ray.s; pectoral pointed?, caudal deeply forked. Swim-bladder? Trojjical parts of the Atlantic. 1. Anoplogaster comutus. Hoplostethus conmtu.s, Cuv. i^- J 'a/, i.x. p. 470. D.l. A.|. V. 1/6. Suborbital nrch with seven cavities ; the bony ridges of the head terminating in several blunt points. (Val.) 5. BERYX. Cur. Ri'ijHv Anint. ; Cuv. fy Val. iii. p. 226. Muzzle hhort, with oblicjue cleft of mouth and prominent chin ; eye large. Villiform teeth in both the jaws, on the vojner and palatine bones. Eight (exceptionally seven) and more braiu-hio- stegals. Opercular bones serrated; operculum generally distinctly spiniferous ; pracojjerculum without .spine. Scales moderate or large, ctenoid. One dorsal ; ventrals with seven and more rays. Caudal forked; anal with four spines. Air-bladder simple. Pyloric ap- p(uidages in increased number (20-30). Sea of Madeira; Indian Ocean: Australian Seas. 5. BKRYX. 13 1 . Berjrx lineatus. Ckiv. S,- Val. iii. p. 226. B. 8. D. -^3. A. -. V. 1/7. L. lat. 51. L. transv. 7/17. Caec. pylor. ca. 20. The height of the body is one-third of the total length, the length of the head one-fourth. Operculum with two small spines ; pectoral one-fifth of the total length ; the inferior lobe of the caudal rather longer than the superior. Red, with Lighter longitudinal bands. King George's Land. a. Adult: stuffed: not good state. (Isle de France.) 2. Beryx affinis. (Plate II.) ^- h ^- l2iTi- ^- 1/7- ^- lat. 41-43. L. transv. 6/12. The height of the b6dy is 31 in the total length, the length of the head 3|^ ; operculum with two distinct spines ; pectoral one- fifth of the total length; the inferior lobe of the caudal scarcely longer than the superior. Coasts of Australia. a-v. Adult : stuffed. Australia. Purchased of Mr. Warwick. d. Adult : has been in chloride of zinc. From the Haslar Collection. Description. — This species is closely allied to B. lineatus, but differs in many respects, which, unimportant in themselves, alto- gether lead me to think it a distinct species. The form is oblong, moderately compressed, deepest forwards from the nape to the commencement of the soft portion of the dorsal fin, contracting considerably at the origin of the anal. The dorsal line is strongly arched from the front end of the dorsal fin to the tip of the short muzzle. There is another convexity, but much slighter, along the base of the dorsal fin. The ventral line is straight betweien the origin of the anal and the mandibular joint, rising steeply towards the extremities of snout and tail. The greatest height of the body at the origin of the dorsal fin, is 3-1- in the total length. The length of the head equals the height above-named. The laige eye is placed high up, but not interfering with the upper outline of head ; it leaves a spiice below it deeper than its diatneter, which is nearly one-third of the length of head. The muzzle is short, reaching about five-sixths of the diameter of the eye. The nostrils of one side are close together, one before the other ; the anterior is placed a little lower, and is oval and small ; the posterior is larger and more elongated. The intermaxillaries are thin at the sides, separated in front from one another by a deep notch ; they are furnished Avith a band of very fine villiform teeth, and with several larger ones at the inner ex- tremity, near the notch ; theii' upper posterior processes are rather small and feeble. The palatine bones are armed with a cimeiform band of minute teeth, the broader end in front ; the small patch. of 14 BERYCID.E. vomerine teeth is triangular. The lower jaw is thickened and clumsy at the tip, which projects considerahly beyond the upper, and is received into its notch ; the lateral edge is slightly undiilating and furnished Avith a series of small teeth, but the teeth on the anterior ])roiiiinencc are, Like the upper ones, larger and conical. The max- illanes are styliform at the interior extremity, but very broad at the exterior ; they are smooth, and not denticulated ; the broad end is overlapped by the supplementaiy bone, tapering behind and rough- ened above. The gape is oblique, steejily ascending ; the maxillary reaches, when the mouth is closed, rather behind the middle of the eye. The eye is surrounded by the infraorbital arch, which is trans- formed into a channel, the outer side of which is covered above by a narrow, bony, roughened streak, and beneath by a broad transparent membrane ; the lower edge of the arch is slightly serrated. The praeorbital has not the curved and prominent tooth which is to be observed in B. decadactylus and splendetis ; but in this species such a process arises from the maxillary, near its upper extremity, in front of the eye. The turbinal bones are peculiarly shaped and have curved edges ; they arc roughened in front and laterally denticulated, and have a notch, to receive the curved process of the maxillary bone. The interspace bctAveen the eyes becomes gradually narrower in front, and is one-fourth of the lengtVi of the head. There may be distinguished four very narrow bony ridges ; each of the two external ones forms the superciliary ridge, terminates abruptly in an obtuse extremity just above the nostrils, and is lost behind in the infra- orbital arch. The two internal ridges arise from one point on the same level with the front end of the two external ones, and on the suture of the frontal bones ; they immediately diverge, receiving a i arrow-shaped groove between, and ra(Uate near the nape into three bony ridges, the irner of which is very short, but the two outer ones extend nearly to the suprascapular. Between all these ridges are cavities covered by a half-transparent membrane only. The operculum is more than twice as high as wide (the spine included); it is covered with scales on its anterior half, the remainder being striated ; the stria? terminate in marginal points, becoming coarser towards the spines ; there is a slight notch above and beneath the spines. The upper spine is rather stronger, and produces a distinct transverse ridge an the opercle ; both the spines have a parallel direction and are rather distant from one another. The suboperculum has a concave posterior margin and has some spinous teeth below. The mteropcrculum has a very deep notch near the angle of pracoperciilum, and is not only serrated along its margin, but has a roughened surface, sometimc's ^\^th projecting spines. The prsioperculiim has two parallel margins with a channel between, covered with a half-transparent membrane. Both the posterior margins have an exceedingly fine serrature ; that of the inferior ones is coarser. The margins meet at a right angle, slightly projecting, and armed ^nth coarse spinous teeth. The cheek is scaly. The suprascapular has a prominent spine, rather larger than those of the 5. BEEYX. 15 operculum and running in the same direction ; it might be taken for a third opercular spine. The scapular and coracoid bones are nearly entire. The scales of the nape reach far between the eyes. The dorsal fin is more distant from the occiput than from the root of the caudal ; the distances are =3:2. The spines gradually become longer behind, the length of the first being 5^ in that of the seventh ; the first ray is still longer — one-half of the height of the body, and nearly twice as long as the last ; it is branched. The length of the base of the dorsal fin is much longer than the pectoral ; its origin corresponds to the level of the 7th scale of the lateral line, its end to that of the 27th. The spines are rather slender, and show some- times a longitudinal groove. The caudal fin is exceedingly deeply forked, one of the longest outer rays being more than four times as long as the middle, and as long as the head ; both the lobes appear to be equal in length (the extremities are rather injured). The upper and lower side of the base is furnished with four short imbricate spines. The length of the base of the anal fin nearly eqxxals that of the pectorals ; its origin corresponds to the level of the 15th scale of the lateral line, its end to that of the 32nd. The spines are slender and become gradually longer behind ; the fourth is rather shorter than the first ray, which equals the sixth dorsal spine, and is more than twice the length of the last ; its lower edge is straight. The pectoral fin is placed about one-third of the height up the side, not very long, and pointed, equaling one-fifth of the whole length of the fish. The rays are regular and slender ; the first two unbranched ; the thii'd the longest. The ventral fins are placed just below the base of the pectorals ; they are ovate and much shorter than the latter, their length being one-seventh only of the total. The spine is strong, striated, about three-fourths of the entire length of the fin. A nan^ow elongated scale at theii* exterior axil. The scales are of moderate size, with smooth surface and fine posterior serrature ; in several of the dorsal scales the middle part of the serrature projects beyond the margin. The lateral line is nearly straight, uninterrupted. The specimens arc now discoloured, but appear to have been red, with iridescent streaks. inches, lines. Total length 14 0 Height of body 4 4 Length of head 3 10 of seventh dorsal spine 1 9 of first dorsal ray 2 10 of longest caudal ray ' 3 5| of middle caudal ray 0 8^ of fourth anal spine 1 6 of first anal ray 1 6| of pectoral 2 6 of ventral 1 9 16 BEKTCID^l?. 3. Beryx decadactylos. Beryx decadaetylus, Cuv. ^- Val. iii. p. 222 ; Barker- Webb ^- Berthelot, Hist. Nat. lies Canar. IcJdhi/ol. p. 13. pi. 4. BerjTc splendens, Lowe, Ca?nbr. Phil Trans, vi. tab. 3 (not descript.). B.8(7). D.^^. A.J35. V. 1/10. L.lat. 64-65. L. transv. 34-35. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, and 2| in the total. The upper maxillary bone reaches to below the middle of the eye. Operculum with an indistinct spine. Sea of Madeira. 4. Beryx splendens. Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 142 ; Cambr. Phil. Trans, vi. p. 197 (not figure) ; Fishes of Madeira, p. 47. pi. 8. B.8(9). D.^^. A.^g. V. 1/10-13. L. lat. 71-76. L. transv. 8/20. Cjbc. pylor. 25-30. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, and three to four times in the total. The upper maxillary bone reaches to below the middle of the eye. Operculum with two feeble spines. Sea of Madeira. a. Adult. Madeira. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe. 6. Large specimen : stuffed : not good state. Madeira. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. 5. Beryx delphini. Ckiv. Sf Val. ix. p. 454 ; Cuv. Rbgne Anim. III. Poiss. pi. 14. f. 3. B. 10. D. ^. A. ? V. 1/13. Cjec. pylor. 24. Taken from the stomach of a dolphin in the Indian Ocean. 6. POLYMIXIA. Polymixia, Lowe, Trans. Cambr. Phil. Soc. 1838, vi. p. 198. Nemobrama, Vale.nc. in Barker- Webb 8f Berthelot, Ichth. lies Canar. p. 40. Muzzle short, with nearly horizontal cleft of mouth, and the upper jaw longest ; eye large. Villiforai teeth in both the jaws, on the vomer, the palatine and pterygoid bones. Four branchiostegals. Two barbels on the throat. Operculum without spine ; praeoporculum indistinctly crenulated. Scales moderate. One dorsal ; ventrais with six or seven rays. Caudal forked ; anal with three or four spines. Atlantic Ocean. 6. POLYMIXI\. 17 1. Polymma nobilis. Pol\Tnixia nobilis, Lotce, I. c. tab. 4. Nemobrama webbii. Val. I. c. p. 41, pi. 8. D.3TO ^-iSi- V- 1/6 or 7. L.lat. 48-54. Vert. 29. Above uniform greenish ; dorsal and anal black anteriorly. Sea of Madeira, and St. Helena, a. Adult. Madeira. Presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowo. h. Adult : stuffed. St. Helena. Presented by General Hardwicko* e. Adult: stuffed. Old Collection. One of the specirnens exhibits seven rays in the ventral fins, as stated by Valenciennes. There are even eight in the figurc given by him. 2. Polymisia lowei. (PiAtE Vfl. fig. A.) D. 1. A. ^. V. 1 7. L. lat. 50. Above uniform greenish ; sides golaen shining (in spirits). Caribbean Sea. a. Adult. Cuba. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. Description of the specimen. — This species very much resembles in general appearance the only one hitherto known, but differs in having at least six dorsal rays less. The height of the body is nearly equal to the length of the head, and 3-|- in the total. The greatest depth of the body is below the origin ot the dorsal fin ; in front of this point the upper profile is slightly convex, brt rapidly descends from the eye to the snout ; the profile behind that point gradually descends to the caudal fin. The lower profile is nearly- straight between the snout and the anal fin. The head has an obtuse and short snout, with the upper jaw overlapping the lower; the interspace between the eyes is one- fourth of the length of the head, and is covered with scales to near the anterior margin of the eyes. The cleft of mouth is wide, the upper maxillaiy reaching to behind the eye ; it tenninates posteriorly in a broad plate with a convex posterior edge and a concave superior and inferior one. The lower jaw has a slight prominence in front, much smaller than in Myripristis, &c. The eye is placed high up the sides, but does not interfere with the upper profile of head ; its diameter is rather more than one-third of the length of head ; the space below it is less than its diameter. The suborbital arch is broader as far as the maxillary reaches, and transformed iato a half-channel, covered with a transparent skin. This part of the suborbital arch, the maxillary, and the dentary, are scaleless ; all the remainder of the sides of the head is covered witb scales of moderate size. The opercles have no spines at aU ; the operculum and siiboperculum are so uniformly covered with scales, that the border between them can be seen only after the scales are removed. The foimer is twice as high as wide, and the lower margin is straight, obliquely lb BERYCIDJi:. descending upwards; the sub- and inter- operculum have rounded lower margins, and both are situated in an oblique direction upwards. The praeoperculum has a scaleless portion at its angle, which is rounded and indistinctly crcnulated ; the posterior margin descends obliquely towards behind. Of the humeral arch the suprascapula alone is slightly denticulated. The two barbels arise in front of the branchiostegals from the basihyal (Owen), and reach as far behind as the base of the pec- toral fin. PseiidobrancJdce well developed. The dorsal Jin arises above the middle of the fish (the caudal not included), with five feeble spines, gradually becoming longer behind, but the fifth being about one-half only of the first ray, which is the longest ; the folloAving rays become shorter and shorter to the seventeenth, the remainder being very short and nearly equal in length. The last ray is one-fourth only of the first. The distance between the dorsal and caudal fins is 3|- in the length of the former. The caudal Jin is deejily forked, with pointed and equal lobes ; the length of a lobe is about one-fifth of the total, and that of the middle (shortest) ray is one-fourth of the length of a lobe. The anal Jin is similar in shape to the dorsal, but much shorter and lower. The third spine is about one -third of the first ray, which equals the fifth dorsal ray ; the end of the fin falls just below that of the dorsal. Tlie pectorals are short, pointed ; they reach beyond the level of the origin of the dorsal, and are equal in length to that of the fii'st dorsal ray. The ventral Ji)is are very short ; their spine is closely attached to the first ray, and both can be separated from one another by the knife only ; the fii'st ray is not branched, but articulated ; the length cfjuals the diameter of the eye, and the fin reaches scarcely beyond the pectoral. The scales are rather oblique and irregular, with distinct conccntnc layers on the free part and without serratm-e. All the teeth are in very broad, velvet-like bands ; that of the intermaxillary is elongate, cimeiform, broadest on its inner extremity; nearly all the band is not covered by soft parts, and free, outside of the mouth ; the band of the mantUbulaiy is narrower and undulating. One broad band extends on the palatine and pterygoid bones, and con- fluent with it is an exceedingly large and ovate patch of teeth on the entopterjffjoid bone. The vomerine teeth form a narrow band, tapeiing behind. The tongue and the branchial bones are covered with broad patches of \"illit'()rm teeth. Thus this fish oftcrs the most comiilete dentition in this and the following families. inches, lines. Total length 0 10 Height of the body 2 7 Length of the head 2 8 Diameter of th(! eye ( * II Interspace b(!tween the eyes 0 M Length of a barbel 2 0 IJrcndth of tlic i-ntoptcrygoid patcli of teeth . 0 i") 7. jmiiPRisTis. ]5) inches, lines. Length of the entopterygoid patch of teeth . . ( > U of the first dorsal i-ay 1 4 of the last dorsal i'ay 0 4 of a caudal lobe 2 0 of the middle caudal ray 0 (i of the first anal ray 1 1 of pectoral fin 1 4 of ventral fin 0 11 Height of a scale 0 4 Length of a scale 0 3 7. MYRIPRISTIS*. Mp'ipristis, Cuv. Regnc Anim. ; Cuv. Sf Val. iii. p. 160. Muzzle short, with oblique cleft of mouth f and prominent chin ; eye generally large. Villiform teeth in both the jaws, on the vomer and palatine bones. Eight (exceptionally seven) branchiostegals. Opercular bones sermted ; operculum generally ydt\x a spine, prae- operculum without spine. Scales large, ctenoid. Two dorsals, scarcely united ; ventrals with seven rays. Caudal forked ; anal with four spines. S-wam- bladder divided by a contraction ; the anterior part extending to the otocrane. Pyloric appendages in moderate number. Tropical seas of both hemispheres. 1. Myripristis jacobus. Cuv. 8f Val. iii. p. 1G2. D. 10 I yj^. A. i V. 1/7. L. lat. 36-38. L. transv. 3/6. Caec. pylor. 9. Vert. 27. The height of the body is one-third of the total length, the length of the head one-fourth ; the interspace betM'een the eyes is one- fourth of the length of the head. The upper maxillary reaches a little to behind the middle of the eye ; operculum striated, the stria3 terminating in fine points at the hinder edge of the operculum, above a very feeble spine. Pectoral shorter than ventral ; the third and fourth anal spines nearly equal in length, but the former broader. Gill-opening and base of pectoral fin brownish black. Caribbean Sea ; coast of Brazil. a. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. h-e. Adult : skins. Jamaica. From Dr. Parnell's Collection. /. Adult. Sine patria. From the Haslar Collection. g. Adult: stuffed. Sine patria. h. Young. Sine patria. From the Haslar Collection. * 1. Myripristis borbonicus, Cuv. ^ Val. vii. j). 489.— iSlo de France. 2. • axillaris, Cuv. ^ Val. vii. p. 491. — Isle de Fi-ancg 3. botche, Bleck. Perc. p. 52. — Batavia. 4. violaoeus, Bleek. Banda, i. p. 234. — .'Baiida. 1' In Myripristis lima the cleft of mouth is horizontal. 20 BERTCID^. 2. Myripristis pralinius. Myripristis pralinius, Cuv. (^ Vol. iii. p. 170, and vii. p. 486. Myripristis seychellensis, Cuv. 8f Val. lii. p. 172. D. 10 I -L.. A. -i-. L. lat. 38. L. transv. 3/6. I 15-10 14-15 The height of the body is three times in the total length, the length of the head 3^ ; the interspace between the eyes is 4^ in the latter. The upper maxiUary bone reaches to below the middle of the eye, and is distinctly denticulated beneath ; a series of larger teeth along the outer margin of the upper jaw. Striae and denticu- lations of the opercular pieces very fine ; opercular spine indistinct. Pectoral longer than ventral, reaching to the level of the anus ; the third and fourth anal spines are nearly equal in length, but the former is rather thicker. Red, with the upper part of the ^11-opening and the base of pectoral black. From the Isle de France through the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. a. Adult. Celebes. From Mr. Frank as M. indicus. h~d. Adult : stuffed. Louisiade Archipelago. Voyage of the Rattle- snake. e. Adult. India. 3. Myripristis kimtee. SuUanaroo-kxmtee, Russ. Cor. Fishes, pi. 104. Myripristis kuntee, Cuv. ^ Val. y\\. p. 487. D.10|l. A.l The height of the body is one -third of the total length; the irterspace between the eyes rather narrower than one-fourth of the length of the head ; the fan-hke ridges on the head five or six in number ; maxillary bone not serrated ; teeth carduliform along the edge of the upper jaw. Shoulder, giU-opening, and base of the pectorals brownish black. {Vol.) Coast of Coromandel. Isle de France. This species may prove to be the same as M. pralinius, the denticulation of the maxillary bone being a character of veiy little value. 4. Myripristis bleekeri. Myripristis pralinius, Bleek. Banda, i. p. 234 (not Cuv.). The height of the body is 3^3| in the total length, the length of the head 4-4 i ; the interspace between the eyes is 3^3^ in the latter, vertex with 8 to 10 bony ridges on each side, fan-like arranged. In front of both the jaws some larger teeth ; the upper maxillary bone reaches to behind the middle of the eye, and is denticulated at the inferior angle. Opercular spine feeblfe. The dorsal fins nearly equal in height; pectorals longer than ventrals. 7. MTKIPRISTIS. 21 Red, the upper part of the gill-opening and the base of the pectoral black. (Bl.) Sea of Banda Neira. 5. Myripristis leignathos. Valenc. Voy. Venus, v. p. 316. pi. 4. f. 1. D.ll|i A. ^3. L.lat.38. The height of the body is 3 times in the total length, the length of the head 3f ; the intei*space between the eyes is one-fourth of the length of the head. No larger teeth in the jaws ; the upper maxillary reaches to behind the middle of the eye, and is not den- ticulated; scapulary entire. Uniform red. {Vol.) Vew Ireland. 6. Myripristis parvidens. Bleek. Amh. Ceram, p. 260; ? Cut. ^ Val. ill. p. 173. D-10|n^. A.^. L.lat.30. The height of the body is 3^ or 3 in the total length, the length of the head 3^ ; the interspace between the eyes is 3|^ in^^he length of the head. No larger teeth in the jaws ; the upper niaxiUary reaches to behind the middle of the eye, and is not denticulated; operculum witb a feeble spine ; scapulary entire. Violet-reddish ; fins rose-coloured, the outer rays of the caudal violet ; opercular membrane and base of the pectoral deep black. {Bl.) Sea of Amboyna. 7. Mjrripristis murdjan. Sciaena murdjan, Forskal, p. 48. Perca murdjan, Schneider , p. 86; Lacep. iv. pp. 396, 418. Russell, t. 105. Myripristis murdjan, Cuv. ^ Val. iii. p. 177, vii. p. 495; R'dppell, Atl. p. 86. t. 23. f. 2, and Fische des Rothen Meets, p. 95 ; Bleeker, Am- boina, iii. p. 19. B. 8 (7). D. 10 I j-^. A. Y^. L. lat. 28-30. L. transv. 3/6. Yert. 10/15. The height of the body is contained 3|^ in the total length, the length of the head 3| ; tlie interspace between the eyes is two- ninths of the latter. The upper maxillaiy reaches behind the middle of the eye. Operculum with a feeble spine above; the upper maxillaiy with some denticulations ; suboperculum notched before the pectoral fin. Pectoral reaching a little beyond the ventral to the level of the eleventh scale of the lateral line ; the third anal spine stronger, but rather shorter than the fourth. Rose- coloured, scales with a violet edge ; the soft dorsal, anal, and ventral fins with a white front margin, and the anterior rays with a 22 BERYCID3J. violet-brownish ci'oss-bahd ; caudal fin above and beneath white- edged, and each lobe with a violet-brownish longitudinal streak, lied Sea ; AmbojTia. a. Half-grown : stuffed. Eed Sea. From the Frankfort Museum. I. Adult. India. From Mr. Frank's Collection. c, d. Adult. India. 8. Myripristia adustus. Bleeker, Amboina, iii. p. 18. ^- 10 I fs- ^- TT^Ii- ^- l*^*- ^^^0- ^^^■*- 1V15. The height of the body is 3^ in the total leng-th, the length of tne head 3^ ; the interspace between the eyes is one -fourth of the latter. The upper maxillary bone reaches to behind the middle of the eye ; operculum wdth a short feeble spine. Pectoral reaching a little beyond the ventral to the level of the tenth scale of the lateral line. The third anal spine strongei', but rather shorter, than the fourth. Above reddish-A-iolct, scales with a \iolet edge ; gLLl-oiK?ning and base of the pectoral black ; the spinous dorsiil violet ; the other vertical fins rose-coloured, with broad black tips. Sea of Amboyna. a, b, c, d. Adult. Amboyna. From Mr. Frank's Collection. e, /. Adult. Sine patria. From Mr. Frank's Collection, fj. Half-grown. Amboyna. From Mr. Frank's Collection. Skeleton. — The bones forming the roof of the skull are so closely attached to one another and show such continuous ridges, that it is nearly impossible to point out the sutures between the single bones without separating them altogether. The supraoccipital crest is limited to the posterior part, without extending on its upper STirface. There are two principal ridges longitudinally running along the middle of the interspace between the eyeo. Lea\-ing pos- teriorly a narroAV cavity between them, they are close side by side anteriorly, and then diverge lo form a short triangular groove for the posterior processes of the intermaxillary bones. Between each of these ridges and the orbit is an ^ongate cavity, tapering at both ends ; the longer posterior part belongs to the principal frontal bone, the shorter anterior to the turbinal; both the turbinal bones receive between them the short groove for the processes of the intermaxillaries ; from about the middle of the upper part of the orbit arises another ridge, similar to those mentioned, and ninning backwards soon radiates into branches, which again bifurcate and form the fan-like expansion characteristic of the species of Myri- pristis and Holocentrtmi. The maxillary bone is styliform in its inner half, then suddenly widens into a broad plate, with an acute angle beliind and a rounded one in front ; the latter is furnished with several granular pro- minences ; the su])plementiU7 bone is oblong, about four times as long as broad, and has a styliform upper process. Tlie inter- maxillaries are sei)aratcd from one another by a small notch, thcv 7. MYBinUSTIS. 23 arc three-foui'th.s as long as the maxillary, and have a slight pro- minence behind. The mandibularies are rather short and high ; each is distinguished by a small i)rotuberance in front. The dentition is chiefly formed by broad bands of fine villiform teeth ; at several places are small, short, granular prominences, .similar to those of the angle of maxillary, and more hke apophyses than true teeth. Such granulations may be seen strongest in front of both the jaws, on the protuberances of the boiies, but moreover also on the outer edges of intermaxillary and mandibulaiy. The band of the upj^er jaw is nearly t'W'ice as broad as that of the dentary bone ; both reach to the extremities of their bones. All the other teeth are exceedingly fine and velvet-like ; those of the vomer form a triangular patch uith concave sides, those of the palatines a cunei- form band, broad anteriorly, and do not extend beyond that bone. The teeth of the pharj^ngo-branchials are placed in an ovate group with several smaller ones besides. The infraorbital arch is rather narrow and nearly equally broad, the prajorbital not being Avidened on account of the shortness of the snout. It is transformed into a bony half-channel, the open side of which is covered by a thin membrane, and the edges of which are finely serrated. The arch has inside a naiTow, concave, and thin plate for supporting the eye-ball from beneath. The entoptenjejoid is very broad, and attached to the basisphenoid by a naiTow ligament only, so that the bottom of the orbit is nearly entirely bony. All the opercles are distinctly striated as far as they are not covered by scales. Tlie operculum is more than twice as high as wdde ; on its upper third it has a flat ridge terminating in a distinct point, above and below which is a slight notch ; the serrature is fine, but distinct. Tht, subopercidum is narrow, with a shallow notch before the pectoral fin, and three or fom* very slight denticulations beneath. The interoperculum is two and a half tis long as high, distinctly, but more finely serrated than the oi)crculum, and has a convex lower margin. The pi"a)opercukim is distinguished by two nearly parallel serrated edges ; the posterior pau' is finely serrated, like the inter- operculum, the scrratiu'c of the supplementary ridge being rather indistinct ; the inferior pair has both the edges equally and finely serrated. Both the pairs ineet at a rather obtuse angle, and here the serrature is somewhat stronger and more like that of the opereulura. The skull of Mi/ripristis shows the remarkable peculiarity of a large oval opening, closed by an elastic membrane — an internal tym- panum. The opening appears to belong to the alisphenoid bone ; at the bottom of the cavdty is placed a large otoHth. The membra- naceous cover is in immediate connexion with the lobe of the anterion part of the air-bladder, and atta(;hed to it is an elastic, bony, ex- cavated plate, in form similar to the tragiis of the common Bat, and arising from the lower posterior angle of the opening. A similar foi'm of connexion between the air-bladder and the vcstibulum is found in Holocentram, Priacantlms }nacroplithahnus, Sjhv'us, Sargus, Saljm, &c. The humeral iiviih is likewise striated and serrated, but more so at 24 BEEYCID^. the bones which are situated higher up the sides. The humeral la formed as in the Percidae generally, but rather shorter ; the urohyal is triangular, short and broad. The pubic bones are peculiarly shaped, short, much higher (in the vertical line) than broad (in the horizontal) ; they are attached to one another with an upper suture, terminating in a point anteriorly, and with a second very concave one in front. They form together a tiihedral cavity with the entrance from beneath ; each of them terminates behind in a broad process, which together form a plate, in fonn not unhke one of the scales of the fish. There is another styUform process along the entrance to that cavity, arising from the symphysis of the bases of the ventral fins. The hyal and branchial apparatus show no peculiarity. There are eleven abdominal and fifteen caudal vertebrce, the length of the abdominal part of the vertebral column being 1^ in that of the caudal. The haemal spines are stronger and somewhat longer than the neural. Twelve ribs ; the fourth to the eighth rib have another small rib (epipleural spine) attached ; but such epipleurals, belonging to the posterior ribs, are inserted on the vertebrae them- selves. The ribs of tlie eleventh vertebra are very broad, sword- shaped, and separated from one another. The strongest interhaemal is apparently formed by two, belonging to the second and third dermohaemals ; it has a deep longitudinal groove, and is as long as the first eight vertebrae together. 9. Myripristis microphthalmus. JBleek. Cer. Avih. p. 261. I^-lOlri-,. A. .-^3. L.lat.30. The height of the body is 2| in the total length, the head is one- fourth ; the interspace between the eyes is one-fourth of the length of head, and the diameter of the eye is 2^ in the same. Several larger canine-like teeth in the jaws ; the upper maxiUar}' bone denticulated, reaching to behind the middle of the eye. Seapulary entire. Rose-coloured, the scales of the back with \'iolet margin ; fins rose-coloured ; root of the pectoral black. {Bl.) Sea of Amboyna. 10. Myripristis vittatus. Cuv. Sf Val. vii. p. 492. D.10|l. A.l. The upper maxillary bone with five or six distinct denticulatious ; the spine of operculum very indistinct ; operculum striated ; the third anal spine very strong and thick. On each side five or six blackish longitudinal bands ; the vertical fins yellow, the others reddish ; no black at the giU-opening, or at the base of the pectoral fin. {Val.) Sea of Isle de f'rance. 7. MYBIPHISTIS. 25 11. Myripristis japonicus. Myripristia japonicus, Cuv. ^ Veil. iii. p. 173. pi. 58; Fmiii. Japan. p. 23. pi. 9 a ; Richardson, Ichth. China, p. 222. ? Myripnstis praliiiius, Richardson, I. c. p. 223. D. 11 I f^. A. ^. L. lat. 27-29. L. transv. 3/7. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head (oper- cular spine included), and one-third of the total ; the interspace between the eyes is one-sixth of the length of head. The upper maxillary bone reaches a Httle behind the middle of the eye, and is not denticulated. The operculum is strongly striated, the striae terminating in points at the posterior edge ; a very strong and long opercular spine, each scale with one or more stronger spinous teeth in the middle of the posterior edge ; the third anal spine much stronger and also longer than the fourth, about the same size as the opercular spine. Uniform red. Japanese Sea ; Isle de France. a. Large specimen : stuifed. Japan. Purchased. h. Adult : stuffed. Isle de Prance. Prom Dr. Janvier's Collection. c. Half-grown : skin in spirits. d. ? Half-grown : skin in spirits. China. Presented by J. R. Eeeves, Esq. (Lateral Une 30. D. 11 1 f^. A. ^.) 12. Myripristis trachypoma. (Plate III.) B. 8. D. 11 1 1 A. ^. V. 1/7 P. 15. C. ^^ L. lat. 29. L. transv. 3/7. The height of the body is nearly equal to the length of the head (opercular spine included), and 2^ m the total ; the interspace be- tween the eyes is one-sixth of the length of head. AU the teeth villiform ; the upper maxillary bone reaches behind the middle of the eye, and is not denticulated. Opercles covered with spines, and operculum with a rather strong spinous prominence ; scales ctenoid, but the denticulations equal; the third anal spine much stronger and also longer than the fourth. Red, with longitudinal bands. Caribbean Sea. a. Adult. Cuba. h. Adult. West Indies. Piirchased of Mr. Scrivener. Description. — This new species is entirely different from the othei' one from the West Indies, viz. Myripristis jacobus, and is closely allied to Myripr. japonicus. Two characters alone justify a separation from the latter — the scales in the Japanese species having one or two spinous teeth, stron^r than the other part of the serrature, and the much larger size orthe opercular spine. The form of the body is the same. All the teeth are villiform, except those which cover the two prominences in front of- the lower jaw. The lateral margin of 'the lower jaw is not straight, but undulating ; the vomerine teeth form a small obtuse-angled triangle. The upper maxillary bone is very broad behind, about half as broad as long ; the supplementary bone elongate, sword-shaped, and covered with minute spines, like the lower jaw. The ej/e is al)out one-third of the length of head (o])er- cidar spine included), and nearly circular. There are the bony ridges ;nid grooves on the up})er surface of the skull, covered with a thin and half-transparent sldn, as in the other species of Mijripristis : an elongate groove extends from the occiput to the middle of the si)ace between the eyes ; on the hinder part it is half divided into two by a narrow longitudinal ridge. In the middle of the foi-ehead are two ridges, chvergent posteriorly and antcrioj^ly, forming posteriorly the cavity mentioned, and in front a space for the upi)er jn'ocesses of the intermaxillary; these ridges are in direct contact M'ith one another, remaining separated in other species. Between each of these ridges and the orbit is situated another elongate ca\ity, tapering at both ends, and extending beyond the nostril. On the sides of the vertex are two or three bony ridges Avith a rough surface, but they are not fon-like arranged, as in other species. The suborbital arch is trans- formed into one continuous ca\'ity, the bony edges of which are con- spicuous and finely serrated. All the opercular pieces arc striated, and each streak tenahiates hi a small spine before reaclumj the pos- terior edge of the bone, the bones thus rceei\ang a rough, spinous appearance. The opercle is narrow, with a transverse keel towards the to]), endmg in a strong prominent spine, of about the size of the first doi'sal spine ; along its base is a series of ctenoid scales ; there IS a notch above the spine, but the lower edge is straight and spini- ferous. The subopercle is very narrow, with a sinus just before the base of the pectoral lin, and a slight transverse ridge beneath, terminating in a small point. The margin above the sinus is slightly convex and spiniferous. In the interoperclc may be distinguished a straight posterior edge, a right angle, and a rather undulating lower margin ; it is spiniferous in all its cii'cumference. The preopercle exhibits two concentric ridges, finely serrated, and with a channel- like cavity between ; the cavity is again covered with a transparent skin ; the angle is roimded ; the cheeks are covered with scales. There are six scales between the occiput and the first dorsa^ spine. The spinous dorsal is 2^ as long as the soft, but nearly ecpial in height ; they are united by a low membrane, reaching from the eleventh to the twelfth spine. The third, fourth and fifth spines are longest, the fourth twice as long as the first; the eleventh is only half the size of the first. The twelfth spine, or the first of the soft dorsal, is a little longer than the preceding, and placed on the level of the seventeenth scale of the lateral line. The fourth and fifth rays nre longest, their length being contained 2^ in the greatest depth of body. The anal fin commences opposite the second dorsal with a minute spine ; the seccjnd is considerably larger, the third longest and strongest, not (piite as long as the third dorsal one ; posteriorly it is ]>ipvide(l Avith a dcrp furrow, in which the fourth spine together with tlic (-otniccting membrane may be hidden. This fourth sj)ine has the strange api)e;uance of being coiiijtosed of two spines, one shorter anterior and one longer posterior, both being sqtariited by h 7. iMYRIPRlSTIS. 27 longitudinal furrow ; this spine is as long as the first doraal one. The first ray is articulated, but not bifid ; the second is longest, even a little longer than the longest dorsal ray ; the following rays gradu- ally decrease in length, and the end of the anal falls short behind that of the dorsal. The caudal fin is moderately forked, and its length is contained 5i^ in the total. The pectorals reach to the level of the anus, are rather pointed, and their base falls below the fij'st dorsal spine. The first ray is only one-third of the length of the fin, and not branched as the second ; the fourth and fifth are longest. The ventrals are shorter than the pectorals, placed immediately below their root, and do not reach as far behind; they are com- posed of a strong, flat, striated spine, not much shorter than the longest ray, and of seven branched rays. There is a deformity on one side of one of the specimens, which, if present on both the sides, or in a dried specimen, one-half of which only is preserved, might lead to the creation of a nominal species, or even genus : viz. on the right side there are, besides the long outer spine, five rays only, and a small inner spine instead of the two others. The spines of all the fins are striated. The scales arc smooth, finely and equally serrated on the posterior edge ; the largest ones are placed, not in the lateral line, but in two series below that ; they are twice as high as long, and one of the largest covers not even one-third of the eye. The colour appears to have been red, without any spot ; there are longitudinal bands visible along each series of scales ; the bands are silvery above the lateral hue, and slightly reddish (shining golden in life ?) beneath. inches, lines. Total length 7 5 Length of head 2 8 of eye 0 9 Interspace between the eyes . 0 b\ Greatest height of body 2 10 Length of fourth dorsal spine 1 1 of third anal spine 0 11^ of ventral spine 1 2 Height of a large scale 0 7 Length of a larae scale 0 \\\ 13. Myripristis hexagonus. Lutjanus hexagonus, Laccp. iv. p. 213. Myripristis hexagonus, Cuv Hf Val. iii. p. 171, vii. p. 489; To//, ile VAstrol., Puiss. p. 074. pi. 14. f. 5 (not good). D. 10 1 1. A. j^. L. lat. 33. L. transv. 3/7. The height of the body is tliree times m the total Icngtli, the length of the head 3| ; the interspace between the eyes one-fifth of the Icnglli of the head. Opercidum with a voit distinct .si^ino ; tlio 28 BERTCIDiE. upper maxillary reaches far behind the middle of the eye, and is denticulated beneath. Suboperculum not notched. Pectoral reach- ing a little beyond the ventral, to the level of the fifteenth scale of the lateral line ; the third anal spine much stronger and also longer than the fourth. Eed ; the front edges of the soft dorsal, of anal, and of ventrals, and the upper and lovrer edges of the caudal, pure white. GiU-opening and a spot in the arm-pit brownish black. 8eas of Isle de France, Boeroe. a. Adult. Mauritius. From the Collection of the Zoological Society. 14. Myripristis lima. Cm: (§• Val. vii. p. 493 ; Rkjne Anitn. III. Puiss. pi. 14. f. 2. D. 11 1 i. A. :!. V. 1/7. L. lat. 46-47. The height of the body is equal to the length of the head, and one-third of the total ; the interspace between the eyes is one-sixth only of the length of the head. The lower jaw has a horizontal direction, and not an oblique one, as in the other species of Myri- 2iristis. Operculum with three or four distinct points at the angle. Caudal not deeply forked, with rounded lobes. Uniform red. ( Val.) Sea of Isle of France. 8. HOLOCENTRUM*. HolocentiTim, Artedi in Seba, iii. tab. 27. f. 1 ; Cuv. ^- Val. iii. p. 182. Coniiger, Ayuss. in Spix, Pise. Bras. p. 121. Muzzle moderate, nearly horizontal ; jaws equal in front, or the lower shghtly prominent ; eye large. VUlifornj teeth in both the jaws, on the vomer and on the palatine bones. Eight branchiostegals. Opercular bones and suborbitals serrated ; operculum with two spines, a large spine at the angle of praeopcrculum. Scales moderate, ctenoid. Two dorsals, scarcely united ; ventrals with seven rays. Caudal forked ; anal with four spines, the third veiy long and strong. S^nm-bladd(!r simple, oval. Pyloric appendages in increased number. Tropical Seas of both hemispheres. 1. Holocentmm longipinne. Jaquaraca, i^/«m/r. p. 147; Lichtenst.Ahhandl. Berl.Acad. 1820, p. 279. Cuteshy, Hist. Nat. Carol, ii. pi. 2. f. 2. Matejuels, Parra, p. 23. pi. 13. f. 2. * 1 Perca aBcensionis, {Linn.) Oshecl; Reise nack China, p. 388.— Amphacan- tlius ascensionis, Bl. Schn. \>. 210. — Lutjanus ascen.sionis, Lacip. iv. p. 107. — Holocentrum ascensionis, Cuv.