i} CATALOGUE oF THE NIAGARA~FXORA.

LO CeTALOGUE

a + i Pa OV 'THE

4)

GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION

i i i” a im yo

i 2 i

Prepared at the Request of the Commissioners of the State Reservation

ey ‘ at Niagara, by DAVID F. DAY.

THE TROY PRESS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1888,

Bvesing and Fern-Like Plants |

VICINITY OF THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. |

PATIOS ER SE A eee Sy oe

Sa A PATO G UB

|, ame ey) .. OF THE WE ww You

C4 east

Flowering and Fern-Like Plats

B Ce ‘

GROWING WITHOUT CULTIVATION

IN THE

VICINITY OF THE FALLS OF NIAGARA,

Us > 0 eee Prepared at the Request of the Commissioners of the State Reservation

at Niagara, by DAVID F. DAY.

THE TROY PRESS COMPANY, PRINTERS. 1888.

WE WY vores SOTANMIG AS

2-8 ST he

CN TROD UC TION:

re ~In December, 1886, the writer, in answer to the request of the i ' Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara, promised to i

prepare for their use a catalogue of the plants growing upon the :

” reservation and its vicinity. He had already on hand the record * _ of his observations made in the neighborhood of the Falls, during iy ie a period of more than twenty years. But he well knew that mo | ee order to give to the promised catalogue, such a degree of accuracy x ry

- and completeness as would make it of value to botanists and the. 4 public, it would be necessary to revise and renew his observations A inthe field. To this task, he devoted such leisure as was at his command during the year 1887. The results are presented in this . Catalogue. Still he does not doubt that further investigations, _ made in the vicinity of the Falls, will considerably increase the - number of species here recorded. In the more difficult genera of i —the Cyperacee and Gramine, demanding always ina large degree =the skill of the specialist, there must be omissions, more or less oy : numerous and important. Yet it is probable that no species, oe « really characteristic of the flora of Niagara, has been overlooked. 6 To aid him in making the list complete, the writer has regarded f it as his duty to consult, so far as was within his power, the observa- a “tions made in the neighborhood of the Falls, by all other botanists. It is, however, a matter for great regret that references to the Bibiaiy of the Falls, especially in the reports of the earlier a explorers, have proved so few in number. It seems probable that _ Perer Kat, the friend and correspondent of the great Linyn, left some record of the botanical observations, which he made during his visit at Niagara, in the year 1750. But, the author has failed to find any mention of its publication, either in the Swedish le tongue or in an English translation. If his journal still exists, its _ publication, at the present day, could not but be welcomed as an ie important contribution to the literature of American botany. It seems not Bd that the species of Hypericum and Lobela, ! name, were discovered by him near Table Rock. |

4

It is to be doubted whether either the elder or the younger MicHavx visited the neighborhood of the great cataract, and it is certain that the enterprising spirit of PursH brought him no nearer than the site of the present city of Elmira. Nuvrratn, who botanized near the Falls sometime previous to the year 1818, men- tions but one plant, Utricularia cornuta, as found by him in their vicinity. Torrey doubtless visited the region — possibly was familiar with it—yet, in his Flora of the State of New York, published in the year 1843, of the 1,511 species of plants, which he described, only fifteen are attributed to Niagara, and none of these, upon his own authority. In the Flora of North America, of Torrey and Gray, published in 1838-1842, Niagara is mentioned as a station only five times.

The labors of later botanists have been far more useful in the preparation of the list. The MS. journals of the Hon. GroraE W. CLINTON, while engaged in his arduous labors upon the botany of Buffalo and its vicinity, have proved of the greatest value; and the “ Flore Canadienne” of ABBE PRovaNcHER and the “Catalogue of Canadian Plants” of Proressor Macovn, the learned and indefati- gable botanist of the Canadian Geological Survey, and the “Canadian Filicinee,” the jomt work of Proressor Macoun and Dr. Burcess, of London, Ontario, have been of important service.

Wherever use has been made of these or of other authorities due acknowledgment of the obligation appears in the list.

The geology of Niagara Falls, as related to the flora, demands at this place some brief attention. On either side of the river, at a distance not very constant, glacial clays appear. At Clifton they form a considerable elevation. With them, in places, also appear the usual gravel drift of the same period. These make up the soil of the adjacent country. But, as Hall and Lyell long ago pointed out, the evidence is complete that the river once stood at a very considerable height above its present rocky boundaries. At Chippewa, in Prospect park and at other places, the gravel deposits of the river, made whilst it was occupying its higher level, are still

to be seen. But before the river formed its present bed in the —

gorge below the cataract, it cut through and carried away some portion of its former deposit, leaving, as it subsided, a terrace, on either side, still easily traced. This gravel deposit, once extending continuously across the present river, covered all of what is now Goat Island. It is characterized by a great abundance of fresh-

a; sneer

Sp ese

ee

soe

ater shells, of the genera Unio, Melania, Lymnea, ete., identical in Bepecics with those still inhabiting the river. The vegetation of the island is that then which might be expected to luxuriate upon a

eG deep calcareous soil, enriched with an abundance of organic matter. pe: On either side of the river, following its course tues gca for a

| ike rock or uheing the verge of the ee are to be found some In some places, long since the

other causes, forming sheltered recesses of considerable extent, in which a rich humus has accumulated, supporting a dense growth of timber, and giving a congenial situation to some of our rarer plants. Among such places may be named the Devil’s Hole, -Foster’s Flat, above Queenston, and the whirlpool wood, on the Canadian side. i : _ _The Niagara Escarpment, as it has been called by the geologists ; of the State of New York, known at Lewiston as the “ Mountain” and in Canada as “Queenston Heights,” presents some features entitled to notice in this place. At the point where the river “makes its way through it, its height above Lake Ontario i is 374 eet, and above Lake Erie, 32 feet. Though it presents a northerly exposure, yet among the plants, growing upon its talus and below, are a number which belong rather to the south and southwestward, ue and are much more abundant in Ohio than in Western New York. — _ The fact may be explained by the higher annual temperature at ‘ Queenston and Lewiston and thence northward to Lake maces

called uncommon in Western New York. For the rarer plants, 3 cluded i in the Catalogue, other localities must be visited. But it

they are produced. Yet it seems likely that there was a time, probably not long ago, when other species of plants, of great beauty, were common upon the island, but which are not now to be found there. It is hardly possible that several orchidaceous plants and

our three native lilies did not once embellish its woods and grassy

places. Within a little while the Harebell, (Campanula rotundi- folia, L.), has gone and the Grass of Parnassus, (Parnassia Carolin- ; wand, L.), is fast going. This is undoubtedly due to careless flower- gatherers, who have plucked and pulled without stint or reason. The same fate awaits the Sangwinaria, the Diclytras and the Trilliums, which do so much to beautify the island, unless the — wholesale spoliation is soon arrested.

The suggestion may here be made, with great propriety, that — pains be taken to re-establish upon the island the attractive plants —

which it has lost. The effort would entail but little expense, its —

visit to the island would be greatly enhanced. It would surely be — a step, and not an unimportant one, in restoring the island to the | state in which nature left it.

Frequent reference has been made in the Catalogue to localities in the neighborhood of the Falls, but not within the boundaries of the Reservation. For this, however, there is a sufficient reason in the fact that if the Catalogue had been confined within the limits of the Reservation, it would have been of far less value to the many who are now interested in botanical science; and to them alone can such a work be of much interest or value. As already stated, some of the rarest plants of western New York and Ontario grow in the neighborhood of Niagara river, but not within the confines of the Reservation.

Thus, it may be mentioned that im the wooded grounds adjoining DeVaux College and belonging to that institution, there may be ~ found Rhus aromatica, Ait., Liatris cylindracea, Michx., Aster ptarmicoides, T: & G., Asclepias quadrifolia, Jacq., and Morus rubra, L. Among its rocks, perhaps there may still be found a specimen of Pellcea atropurpurea, Link., Camptosorus rhyzophyllus, Link., and Asplenium Trichomanes, L. The Devil’s Hole, now almost inaccessible, was once a paradise of ferns— Phegopteris Dryopteris, Fée, being its chief rarity. The plateau of rock, — which overlooks the ravine, produces Arabis hirsuta, Scop., and ff Selaginella ruprestis, Spreng., elsewhere in this region quite —

yy nv

sao Milhaud) Wis Sah ua aa a le lh

-

7

tincommon. Between the “ Mountain” and Lewiston, the explorer will find Rannuneulus multifidus, Pursh. Xanthoxylum Americanun, Mill. Houstonia ceerulea, L. and Aspleniwm ebeneum, Ait., rare plants in western New York. Queenston Heights haye yielded us Anemonella thaletroides, Spach. Asimina triloba, Dunal, Lupinis perenms, L., Prasera Carolinensis, Walt. and Celtis occidentalis, L., —species scarcely found elsewhere in our vicinity. Of Foster’s Flat, above Queenston, it may be said that the spring seems to visit its rocky fastnesses some weeks earlier than the table-land above. Among its uncommon plants, it may be mentioned that Prorrssorn Macoun and Dr. Bureuss have detected <Aspidiwm Lonchites, Swartz, and Aspidium Bootii, Tuckm.,— ferns whose accustomed range is a hundred miles northward. The woods near the whirlpool, on the Canadian side, produce in abundance Ceras- tium arvense, L., Arctostaphylos Ura-ursi, Spreng., Castilleia coccinea, Spreng., and the only sassafras trees known in the neighborhood of the Falls. The low land, near Clifton, on the Canadian side, only a few inches higher than the river, affords such uncommon plants as Gentiana serrata, Gunner, and Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. Calamintha Nuttallu, Benth., still grows on the damp rocks, near the border of the river, and Gerardia purpurea, L., and Utricularia cornuta, Michx., appear sparingly in the wet and oozy soil near by.

In the preparation of this list, the practice has been followed, now almost universal, of indicating introduced plants, (which it will be seen are a large number) by giving their names in small capitals. The later changes in the nomenclature of the species have also been adopted, adding however, (in parentheses) the names under which they were described in the last edition of Gray’s Manual.

Of the 909 species of plants named in the Catalogue 758 are native and 151 foreign.

The following table exhibits, synoptically, the number of species and genera belonging to each natural family of plants mentioned in the Catalogue.

nal we e/s 8 Names No. of No. of

of families. genera. species BREICTETEP NTA COLD oe Wena) nal ia 2 te Atte ae CMe te NSA ey Mere ee ee 10 32 MERERPSITOLTACE LO.) 2. chee aS cumitalis oe 2: 5 ABNEY etal al ee ey Peele. 18, aa 2 2 ePTPNSRELE S15! 8, Te SPENCE) Gold ch RI et AUR ba 3 ea 1 ‘t “CL DLENTS) GP as CI 1217 = Pua eae USED") SALMON Iga a il 1 Bin, sen 03 EFCC) aS ce RERUN I a a Nh 4 4 SSP ERIVCOPE fre) 0 icc 8G afore seh aac atabe ac eiishasin ah ar elo MRR Et eae 2 2 MEPRIOEUMCT EMCEE 5 te alate. a2 aia ain) a. tinia (al phere Se a othe aS ie eae es 2 2 PRTAT OT AURC OO (002 als oP MO em Oihsialg die a) Aue Rsk atauele Maer a sate 2 3 MMe it OF tke ence ele a ean mich eet deh Gate MUIR A ae EU 12 25 US GIs PS Sapa Rn a MAGE Rh acaaeMnD ny Aes Ree i All) 1 1 ROLL EES CS SR MOE ONG ae eS Ares eae | DULG nes SHOAL ATNI Re Wels an 2 8 <Not IS ree ec SC yes eRe ne MRI fm 1 3 PRIMO LCOS sus Sake Oe ae! ert iatharehereuelns lata a) sm fate gues 7 12 Pe UU CAC EER 0) cet Pa ld he ah oe ae coe US ete te 2 3 PT OETCACOLEN S20 17.58 nen oid alae SMA iaholal ear ahen Beich ea oe 1 7 (EOS GAS DR oT Se aM RR UNC ROA TH Bint le eaal SaENE 4 6 PMS ee ee eS EN NS A RAV aaa AIMS CaS Me 1 2 GT CLES RRM ea ong MOTE SOR IRE RRL PN eA Co As 1 2 STEELE 721 cM Og RULE car EP eae A 4 6 PIN Ne Sars RN LL CR GEL ai aes SR a) EL PU a ek ct 1 1 1 UST EST OSE STD Sgn aA GUN ere an Mogi SORA Raa Pion eae MR OR IS 1 1 1 EGER Se RAMPS sap ees eI s cP AM SRR pera ena aPC RIN I 2 2 LUE ES aR te LAIR IRTSTL aP UGG ty Oe ACRE WUC RAL 28 2 4 Bae TSO ET NOSED. (05 UicE PSA AUR PDEA PNM BO a Roa 1 1 ACE SIAN oe Cesta gi LO ion, ha. tat Pe acm aie MO GEA ey 2 4 EAC EO). cic sesla Ul Sain waht della ta ave SyGthatitis Gales We ag 3 8 PAC UE MIACEES . 6. .5 6 Ba kle 2% ou ae a Ware wie o Meee ere eal lta 1 6 REE IIIANVOBS, coe Sis iehs hides datas’ Se wseimeinere alate neereR scaler eisets 13 33 OS TEC CUTE CENA UO Hea a ee os eae CLL IRA R UN OR ee 15 42 oo HICCUTL Eg ffs e\RMEAI EE DUP RR ERB ny MRA UR HAL ai iy 6 10 PEM TACOS nh ct Eo UA ay of gel wee ater keegan a ayaa 2 4 a PERSIA TCL CORES 15 08s cha Cees Oia ee ee eee eae ee geet erage 1 1 510 Soar ese aA STR a SARI SOLS IA, He Nie ay 1 3 MEAGRE 8 ts ee lal Re rye SiN ea ane Sh 1 ii BAPAC OTe SCS RU a fe) Br amen ce Mar en a Yee pa 5 11 RMR CU AU Ly COMM CC sa, CM ata Ay SR 1 1 WME TT RAVES os. 6 cr siusialalg ci WING 0, aia munuanae te Soot a cede RNG RAN SOte Re 15 19 ODEN OFS 220A AR DS FAR MES 8 IC LL LY raid Pe 1 3 (CTE TOA Ta a RS RCT aD ID BHU MRM IPM ah oot SARS 2 7 RUPE MTEC ORE, 6S Ui eke re ow toks\ a Gea arte ital A AMR Net ae 6 14 (Pir Ch DEG E COME SR Res To HR ACR CE bend) Gee OMEN Ge, Mico MAREE, 6S 4 13

_ of families. Valerianaces .. .

~Dipsacese ......

| Composite...... - Lobeliacese..... Campanulacez. . _Ericacex..”..... Primulacez .... MOlences........

_ Apocynacec.... - Asclepiadacee . . Gentianacez....

~ Polemoniacez ..

Convolvulaceze. . Solanaceze......

Lentibulaces ..

Acanthacez....... TU Ret eps pine i oateptorag. ETE Bie Th! Pan Stas

Verbenacex.....

UNISEEEO) Ac). Le os EUG EN ON Sats Samii HER Se SL NS,

| Aq Plantiginaces ..

i Amarantacez...

ee Mime Shei e!/@) (8) 6) 6/08) m/e) o diya ele ele) 6/4/06 ‘ahele/e) dle 8 Bids ee @ ils SOLOW REY ECs SC eo) eee eee airall/e) @ lejleo wyete\e 6 wile ay eee SU aaa vie teleliel(» jaleamr le Glial jal elje: &, © esa, ca) a (oe) be. 6,6, d)\wifelie le) # eee) laye lds) & 0, ay dna) 6 ee er Lele) 6 Slee «cee elec e) # 6.806 ele .e < eee eee O/ «eye abel ieliey's,, 6 tela w/e Ce ee er eilel |b 6's \e/\a & ©) 0) 0) 0 @ eNelio\ #0 is, 61) 6))/e Blah silo) bile) lq eliane anelan <é SZ ahe wyalave ele B ee, ee) 6) e\\s 19 ee, sya) ) 6 a) ae) \'e Shbtiat eens pays alolia (a) Tel labiarlbh ju eo.) @ dine) wi) |S)! 0} aie @ beta) mia el eiia re see eae 8) eel ie satel le vihs\p) Je ee ee ee a a) o. . a|'s)\ 6. 0)/6 66,0) ope) wee <6 Sri ielvetiet Lali wiielcel ier telvels ;ajie) ae. iwteawiys ewe! Binal of ’eiiia) w1\4.|! 9))'S, ©) 10 eee allele @ je) > vite, «. seal ale)» elie) 6 a. <6, «i 6/0) 00) (¢ © je) 6 lel sitellel@ @)le = swe 6 «lets aha 4, @ iu) o! ey eiei eve) eho 6 Kiwi el gue (ais yaar a Cia sje, ce) a eyswaMenieiid (eee! e:\ 6) \etel a etre) a) ‘e Bia) wells helcevie) 0) /@yelisire sim. 'e)'s)alafelvehm\\ 40) s\ suareis @ 'e0 Bhai jeiin) soja ss Ciiaive), a) eAetay) enasiarie), bie: '4.\'s! aie ye) ev) \en wal fel @ see oe ei wiiaje, de) \s \e) se; (or ey eyiogelicl alle wis e)e)e.'s).e ye)! ets . ACH HCTLCH CHLOE ICM CURA OTN SL. TEC LY Te aR is Seti Sut mE)

Chenopodiacex............... toy Oi kee Pipes ea

Phytolaccacez .. Polygonacez... . Aristolochiacese . --Piperacew...... ie duauracese....... Thymelacezx .... _ Eleagnacez .... Santalacez ..... _ Euphorbiacez .. -Ceratophyllaceze

’ Urticacer ...... - Platanacee ..... Juglandacee....

> Betulacere...... Cupulifere .....

joMeY 8: 6i¥ uw} fey e\'e)) e161) 4)/m'):8)/e0\'6 0) @ 18116) e/a «| «has a7 \6) 6b) wh 0, @)\\6' Fe: @) (0) Sidi w buy 4) ie), casie; 6) el wy 0s! at eh ia Cenc) hc © ones

Ape e pa’. eyye Sei ies! 161: 8-\e|\/a. ju, 0), 01 ate el ie! 61/9) ei © ed nee wh elia\le)'s))« er - oe eins wis! @) die) ohetsis. sand j0' ls

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FOREN NEHEH

Names No. of No. of

of families. genera. species. BOWMAN 28 occa) wie tee ompR A <i, “ENR OLA OMe NR g PR | Cah 5 6 Pree ocharidaces 136. // bee ei i/ss Heeteu tle he LN tare 2 2 LE nn EN Geet aoe MRI Os a MAR A AD MRR Aro ene Mayte a 4 7 BETES EO) 183 2 Va UENO OR caher Us haha «| cM Naa eRe RM LOPL MR 1 2 3 PPR CHICEEE sig clus! olere 5 mise trgte di cohacte ck Seatac NWteN Neat ene, anna a 2 MPANIRE OPO 20 pte aio ae ROU eae aaa epee, CPS eet eS Meares a ine ea 16 20 TT Eo WN aa 22 SN a A A RS OR am ee Oa 2 2 1 CERRY GES Mah Mle ier RNR MERTON aR aay Ay TT ep RASA Gh tM 2 9 “WEES EN RS HTC He AS UMD pays RO LL Ne a ENT 2 4 EE AEA RA BE a tate MEN AM ate mi OU MA ot Uldhal Wi a) Maa 4 4 ELLIE RCS A EE aR Aa a Ae AT A ey CUED Bat cy Nb et RE a 3 3 BRIAR CEO 5 I, Rn LIC AT 8 UE RO nee raib Ven tt UR 3 4 OO UCUCEN OS CW a MRA on Parse sir Je eee es pe Ra Ne aE A 3 18 RRB B EO eS h\c cht! sae ious LENS, Ra aa re Mca ani aa 5 54 MMIMRESE IDES FG eo Men ove a ee Wat peiet YaaaIC «ap SON aa ct ta aS cata al a ea NC 3k 6S PNIN URC OLD oh heave loi aie al lA aN a VOGT LON coe an aera Mle if 6 Bi LOR BELCORO 7 5) 6s aia haha iene GUT SRR ae 2 3 Ed ae ERE ed ale ASRS MEL Cah CeIn Mi aH ie Ba he Fe 12 27 Pere CLR CORE i015. 8e cca bin S\e ole adele: Qugheale)eiela bn) Nuaintant Chat 2 3 REND LOTEOES 2)... Clues e ters Mit SM La an (oar Ta 2 2 PON EH eet BTR SOE a tial a Mea vED SY NG TC MeL a i a 410 909

Oe pie a itn RUM Poe | BN a Pia le Ses "OY Nahe q ‘ et

CATALOGUE.

RANUNCULACEAS.

Clematis Virginiana, L......... Clematis. Virgin’s Bower. On the Canadian side, near Clifton, and elsewhere.

Anemone cylindrica, Gray....... Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Anemone Virginiana, L......... Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and near DeVaux College. var. alba, Wood. Goat Island.

Anemone dichotoma, L. (4. Pennsylvanica, L.) Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Anemone nemorosa, L........... Anemone. Wind Flower. Goat Island. var. quinquefolia, Gray. With the last.

Anemone Hepatica, L. (Hepatica triloba, Chaix.).... Liverwort. Goat Island and near Lewiston. Rather rare.

Anemone acutiloba, Lawson. (Hepatica acutiloba, DC.) Liverwort. Goat Island and elsewhere. Less rare. Anemonella thalictroides, Spach. (Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx.) Near Brock’s Monument, Ontario. Balstetrun? GIOLCUM Es oe. ee ee Meadow Rue. Goat Island, Lewiston and elsewhere. Thalictrum Cornuti, L.

Meadow Rue. Shores of the river above the Falls.

Thalictrum purpurascens, L................-. Meadow Rue. Near Clifton, Canada. var. ceriferum, Austin.

“ NearDrummondsville, Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

¥ %

ae

yar. trichophyllus, Chaix. In pools above the falls on the Canadian side.

Ranunculus multifidus, Pursh Buttercup. a

, Ima pool not far from the river’s bank, above Lewiston. _ Ranunculus Flammula, L

; var. reptans, Meyer. oh

At the water's edge on Strawberry and Grand Islands, aie probably, in similar situations nearer the Falls. Ranunculus abortivus, L. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Ranunculus sceleratus, L.. i Cursed Crowfoot. Lewiston, and near Suspension Bridge.

- Ranunculus recurvatus, Poir Hooked Crowfoot. - Goat Island.

_ Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, L Bristly Crowfoot. | Clifton, Canada. is

Ranunculus fascicularis, Muhl Early Buttercup. Near DeVaux College. By

en

Ranunculus septentrionalis, Poir. (R. repens, L.)..Buttercup. Clifton, Canada. The large variety of R. repens, L. Common in n i western New York. Le

Ranuncutws sutnosus, L Goat Island. Introduced. ~ Ranuncurus acris, L Goat Island and elsewhere. _ Caltha palustris, L i Marsh Marygold ee: Lewiston, Clifton, Ontario. a Aquilegia Canadensis, L Wild counmneee 2 Goat Island and along the rocky banks of the river in many places. NG _ Hydrastis Canadensis, L Hydrastis Cayuga Island, and probably elsewhere nearer the falls. Actzea spicata, L -Herb Christopher. Red Cohosh var. rubra, Ait. vy Goat Island, near DeVaux College. _ Actzea alba, Bigelow Goat Island.

‘ MAGNOLIACE. Liriodendron Tulipifera, L White wood. Tulip-tree — Y Goat Island. Not common. One fine specimen is growing near _ the carriage way on the north side of the island.

‘Magnolia acuminata, L Cucumber tree 4 | “Near the falls of Niagara.” Provancher. Not seew by us>

ANONACE. Asimina triloba, Dunal Queenston Heights, Ontario, Macoun.

MENISPERMACE/%.

‘Menispermum Canadense, L Moon cn Common both in New York and Ontario, but not noticed by us near the Falls. Doubtless overlooked.

BERBERIDACE.

Berseris vutearis, L Goat Island, nevr Lewiston.

, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx . Goat Island. Abundant.

J effersonia diphylla, Pers... Twin Leaf. Niagara Falls. linton. Very rare.

Podophyllum peltatum, L Goat Island. Abundant.

2 NYMPHACEZ. _ Nymphea tuberosa, Paine

Abundant in shallow places in the river, some distance above the

Falls.

_ Nuphar advena, Ait With the last.

14

FUMARIACEZE.

Diclytra Cucullaria, DC. (Dicentra Cucullaria, DC.) Dutchman’s Breeches Goat Island. Abundant. Diclytra Canadensis, DC. (Dicentra Canadensis, DC.) Squirrel Corn Goat Island. Abundant. Between the two species numerous hybrids have been noticed on Goat Island.

Brevioelis olauca, Pursb as. oe bwishs/ole iagem aetary a cierere oe Corydalis Occurs at Tonawanda, and should be found near the Falls.

CRUCIFERA.

PERS UN OA UM CUNU My, "hah oui 2 Ok ese tala nen te an AUN Ce Slee AtyssuM. Near Brock’s monument, Ontario.

01 VCE GNIS. 7 UO PRG Se ees Oy Nt CERO Hana aie aCe Relig eta A . WurrLow Grass. Introduced on Goat Island, but perhaps not established. Dentaria diphylla, Michx...... Pepper Root. Crinkle Root

Goat Island.

Dentaria laciniata, Muhl. Goat Island.

Cardamine rhomboidea, DC.................. Spring Cress var. purpurea, Torr. Goat Island and elsewhere. The typical form, probably, may be found in the low ground near Clifton, Ontario.

Parocamine hirsuta, | Ti... )5) 0202 Lae ae Oe Bitter Cress Goat Island.

MEETS PY PAC, Li Coit laireis ad early hee Uso a aa. Rock Cress

Goat Island. The Three Sisters, And along the gorge to Lewiston.

Arabis hirsuta, Scop.

Near Devaux College, and at Lewiston, and on the opposite side of the river.

Arabis levigata, Poir. Devil’s Hole, Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun.

BeOS (OO MA CENSIS. Tyo ial ate aed eek ell a Sickle Pod Goat Island, and elsewhere.

mrabis.: perfoliata, Tam : 0. d eile Near Clifton, Ontario.

15

Arabis Drummondii, Gray. Lewiston. Not common.

RPRPRNAYSA PR ANOOE, ELIE We cae oie, «ews caQiwinls oloyplere o Earty Winter Cress. Brock’s monument, Ontario. MJacoun.

marbarea vulgaris, R: Bri... ee. Winter Cress Road sides near the falls.

Erysimum cheiranthoides, L......... Worm-seed Mustard

Margin of the river above the Falls.

BMMERIOM OFFIOINALE, SCOP... 6... eee wee eee Hepa Mousrarp. Road sides and waste places near the Falls.

Brassica Srnapisasrrum, Boiss...........0....... Musrarp. CHARLOCK. Abundant on both sides of the river.

IRAN OT GTA EC OGH. iy clu avails Siete aa le bletaie salad yte elalee's Buack Musrarp. Between the Falls and DeVaux College. MEATURTLIUM OFFIOCINALE, Fo Brio ooo eek ee Soe Water Cress.

Near the river's edge above the Falls. Clifton, Ontario.

Meeturiium palustre, DC) ec elise ale Marsh Cress In damp places above the Falls.

Peewurorum lacustre, Gray. 60.0)! eg alt Lake Cress In the river above the Falls.

Wasrurtiom Armoracté, Fries. ............ 00000 c ee eee Horse Rapisu “At Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

CapseLLA Bursa-pastoris, Moench............0...055 SHEPHERD'S PuRSE

Common everywhere.

mero Pu, WiIreinicum, Tas) 2.) oe 8 Jas Wild Peppergrass Road sides, near the village.

PeEOOM CAMPESTRE, Ni BE cir ke ee a le abe ek Fieip PEPpPERGRASS “Clifton, near Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

CAPPARIDACEZ. Polanisia graveolens, Raf. “ Abundant on the sands at Niagara.” Macoun. Plentiful at the foot of Lake Erie.

CISTACEA.

Helianthemum Canadense, Michx.............. Frost Weed Common in dry places in Western New York, no doubt occurring near DeVaux College, and at Lewiston. PRL IMAL Nn ST SN el eu Pinweed Probablyoccurs with the last.

Lechea minor, Lam Probably occurs with Helianthemum Canadense.

} VIOLACEA. -Ionidium concolor, Benth. and Hook. (Solea eoneclan Ging). a

Goat Island. Foster's Flat, Ontario.

Viola blanda, Willd Goat Island, and near Clifton, Ontario.

Viola palmata, L var. cucullata, Gray. (V. cucullata, ee Goat Island and elsewhere.

Viola canina, L var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. (Viola canina L., vay. _sylvesh Regel.) ; Goat Island and elsewhere. Viola rostrata, Muhl Goat Island.

Viola Canadensis, L Goat Island.

Viola pubescens, Ait var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Goat Island. var. scabriuscula, Torr. and Gray. Goat Island. POLYGALACE.

Polygala verticillata, L i Near DeVaux College. Queenston Heights, Ontario, Macoun.

Polygala Senega, L Seneca Snake Roc Both the narrow and the broad leaved varieties are to be fou near the whirlpool on both sides of the river.

Polygala incarnata, L. ; Said by Douglass (1823) to have been found in rocky places on th Niagara river near the Falls. Macoun.

CARYOPHYLLACE.

~Diantuus Armenia, L Lewiston, scarce.

_ Saponania orrictnauis, L Goat Island and the mainland.

ve

pee

DPM POM Ae ee Met PL Pe re ep / 4 1 At DUI Pas, eee ay) 4 ' Hi Weve ses a Laila ? . Ke. { 2. 0M /

MMSE IN GR Athi. ON co ese None as Starry Campion

Found by Douglass, in 1823, in dry, stony places on the Niagara river. Jacoun. milene Aantirrnina,) Li... 2. fy... ee ee. Sleepy Catch-fly Near DeVaux College and elsewhere. SILENE nocTiryora, L........ Pines hese Niacut-FLOWERING Carcu-F Ly. Above the Falls on the American side of the river. ; .. RII TTUHAGO, WAM. 0 oe See ie eee Cea be ... Corn COockLe. Fields on the main land.

SMIDMRESTIUM VISCOSUM, Lu... 2.....0 00.0.0 cua _.Mousr-EArR CHICKWEED.

Goat Island and elsewhere. MRMENGTIUM “VULGATUM, Di... 2. ck ccc cece sees Mousr-£ar CHIcKWEED. Goat Island and elsewhere.

SETA NERDSIAGY SIVA EEL 02) Se taieterls pate etoile sc » ake ae be a klae s CHICKWEED. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Stellaria longifolia, Muhl........ Long-leaved Stitchwort.

In damp, grassy places above the Falls. Pp, § YI

MeREIIRTA) GERPVERIFOLTAS Die.) ORS TRA Oe pena Le owes Sano Wort. Road sides at Clifton and elsewhere.

Arenaria laterifiora, L. Goat Island.

PORTULACACEZ.

MERIAL CAP SIRTEA CRA © Wah. 0 ale ig sn ot See ete suey el Aa dola Wie, otttb ae Be PURSLANE. Waste places on the main land.

Claytonia Caroliniana, Michx................ Spring Beauty Goat Island.

Perron VITOINICA Eye ca. eis ket ts Spring Beauty Goat Island. g

HYPERICACE. Hypericum Kalmianum, L........ Kalm’s St. John’s Wort

Goat Island. “Rochers au bas de la chute de Niagara.” Pro- vancher. (Fl. Canad. p. 104.) HYPERICUM PERFORATUM, L.....3.......0. 00206 Common Sr. Joun’s Wort. Goat Island and elsewhere. Hypericum maculatum, Walt. (H. corymbosum, Muhl.) Margin of the river above the falls.

Hypericum mutilum, L. Wet places along the river above the falls.

Hyperic Canadense, L. In similar places as the last.

18

Hypericum Ascyron, L. (4. pyramidatum, Ait.) Great St. John’s Wort Grand Island. And probably nearer the falls. Hypericum Virginicum, L. (lodes Virginica, Nutt.) In swampy places along the river above Clifton, Ontario.

MALVACH.

ASEARTDAGA (ROSHAN Dat ie, MO to IEE NC STNG BRL ean ea Genes » HoLiyHock. Clifton, Ontario. Escaped from cultivation.

NEAT VA (RORUNDINOREA Da. eI ee Aya Ti Low Matuow.

Goat Island and elsewhere.

Rar VA SV UVESIRIS, | Tess aio 2h Vine eas ar oie Mane Ds Cia Bela Hicu Matuow. eb] Near the Devil’s Hole. POUR VANMEOSOHADAL (Dirt (uc essat teas] a Mecuamene tame e te naa Nae ine ene val Musk Mattow.

Road sides on the main land. AmUrmON AVICENNE Gaert. 6.026 e pee ee Se Vetver Lear. Waste places on the main land. Hibiscus Moscheutos, L.............. Swamp Rose Mallow. Probably may be found along the river above the Falls, as it grows in such situations near the foot of Lake Erie.

TILIACE. alia AMOricanay) LC yee wa alae’ Linden. Basswood. | Goat Island. An abundant and conspicuous element of its forest. Tilia SRS Mra Me TO gl gan Pd IN an gb PH Basswood

Goat Island. The tree, here indicated, seems to be quite distinct from the last. It may be readily distinguished by its bark, which is as white as that of the white ash, Fraxinus Ameri- cana, D. .

LINACE/A. hinum Vireinianwm) Bi.) ayer Ny es cee een Wild Flax “Near Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

GENIN OSLTA TISSEMCUM |G 'e.0C ole atana elute Cue ieiorens ie eee ene ae Common Fax. Occasionally seen on railroad embankments.

GERANIACE. Geranium: maculatumi, ioe yo ee Wild Geranium Goat Island. 4 Geranium Robertianum, L....... rN Ve aS Herb Robert

Goat Island.

Wie nn Ho 4

19

Floerkia proserpinacoides, Willd. Goat Island. Impatiens pallida, Nutt......... Impatience. Wild Balsam Goat Island. Impatiens bifiora, Walt. (/. fulva, Nutt.) Impatience. Wild Balsam Goat Island and the main land. . TRE ROUGE, Pick ec Piy ki Sams Mees ee wala ow dee sWoa ei bd Sorrel Great Island. RUTACEZ.. , Xanthoxylum Americanum, Mill......... th Pri Cmly, Ash Near Lewiston.

SIMARUIBACZK.

Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf..Ailanthus. Tree of Heaven

Spontaneous near Clifton, Ontario.

ILICACEZ. Peaeverpiciiiata, Grays. 5...) eit ote ey eds Winter Berry Chippewa. Macoun. Probably nearer the falls. 4

Nemopanthes Canadensis, DC. Near Clifton, Ontario. CELASTRACE. Peeeuris Seandens, Gyles ooo ee ee Bittersweet Goat Island. Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq..Burning Bush. Wahoo Goat Island. Euonymus Americanus, L...Strawberry Bush. Wahoo “Niagara.” Macoun. var. obovatus, Torr. and Gray. “Hills around Niagara Falls.” Macown, on the authority of Dr.

Maclagan. ' RHAMNACEAK.

Ceanothus Americanus, L... ........ ... New Jersey Tea *

Near DeVaux College.

VITACEZE.

MW iuie ceshiy ais Mick. io ida cee che a Summer Grape

Goat Island and elsewhere. Vitis riparia, Michx. (V. cordifolia, Michx.)....... Frost Grape

Goat Island and elsewhere.

MAiGiSy Isa bruseay. Ui ire vy ai!.s sion, ates eye mene 1 as Wild Grape

Erroneously attributed to the vicinity of the Falls, as a native, in

the “ Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity,” (p. 26), and by Provancher

in the Flore Canadienne, (p. 112.) Occasionally spontaneous.

Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx......... Virginia Creeper Goat Island and elsewhere.

SAPINDACEAS.

Suspiyrea tritoliay (yo. vot ten i nea a eae ie Bladder Nut Foster's Flat, Ontario.

measculius, clabra, Willd. :% . ).tencneasbige sce eee Buckeye Spontaneous near Lewiston. From the west.

Acer spicatum, Lam’) eyo). Dee ers As oe Mountain Maple Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe falls.

ma cer saccharinum., Wane.'). Vie uiee sleueakineee Sugar Maple Goat Island. One of the most abundant trees.

meor Gasycarpum, Prharto0.. 0 8002 os aw ee White Maple Near Clifton, Ontario.

Peer PUPP uM, ds. sare sik eee kas ee ee Red Maple Goat Island. A shade tree in the village.

Acer Negundo, L. (Negundo aceroides, Moench.) ..... Box Elder

Planted in Prospect park, where it isnow appearing spontaneously. PA GEREPTA RA MOTOS, L018 Oot se occ te he hale etic ee acer Vis Rian Norway Marie A common shade tree in the village.

ANACARDIACEAH.

Pens hy pha. Dus 2a eA ie ea ei Se Stag-horn Sumach Goat Island.

12-4047 U=ak EN 0 tz Va SO ALA on UMN NAAR anor AARON TR A RO Smooth Sumach Queenston Heights. Macoun.

Hhus,venenata, DC. i so. As ieee oan Poison Sumach Swampy places above the Falls, near Clifton, Ontario.

phus Toxicodendron: b>. se se Poison Ivy

Goat Island. Too plentiful. vat. PACICA RS Torre yy. esac h s.0)) mane eae en. Poison Ivy Goat Island.

BMS: AromatiCca, dit hes ON eis te Rear as, Aromatic Sumach

Near DeVaux College and on the opposite side of the river, Common in the places named.

21 LEGUMINOS i. PMEVLEU ULE TVET ORU MAMI LDS 213, Vatela (cits Byers vig ole v c's a pedal ages Lupine Queenston Heights, Ontario. SEPIA CHOPINIEOEUM APNG). Ache hid le we Caicos fleck ae sce wa Brack Mrpigk

Above the Falls on the American side.

NimmMinOrus OFFICINALIS, Willd: 0.662 A a Yerttow Metinor Above the Falls on the American side.

MNES “ATSBAC PRUTYD ob oY Gila yf Ns mae 4G ote ole eb on wears ... SWEET CLOVER. Goat Island and the main land.

SERINE AR VENGE Ld e's crcte Se aes able eg alee wie’ Ravett’s-roor Crover. Abundant near Lewiston.

MTR GATINGHE AIBN EH ait a oh Ghd’. Koos oe eshte ple Ne 4 eebielle wie! Rep Crover. Goat Island and elsewhere.

MMU OE TITND REPENS, Duis 5608). 22 ance die oe inl a eke ee Sheree a ae Wuitsk Crover. : Goat Island and elsewhere.

PROTEIN HY GREDUM, DP)" deb x vs niet ode Wire sil 4 ache -weraterae ALSIKE CLOVER. American side of the river above the Falls. Lewiston.

MEET PROWUMBENS. Ba! 4 ia brs, veh Ne Gabon ole a cuareperdhe, Waele Hor Criover Near Clifton, Ontario.

fHopinia Pseudacacia, Li: ...ellereak os: Common Locust A frequent shade-tree, often spontaneous.

maeninia, VISCOSA, Vent iio. 2.0. ee eel. ....Clammy Locust Spontaneous in places near Lewiston.

Astragalus Cooperi, Gray ............. Cooper’s Milk Vetch Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe fall.

Astragalus Canadensis, L ...................... Milk Vetch

Common on the islands in the river, near Tonawanda. It may be looked for nearer the Falls.

HesmodiunyY nudifiorum, DC: *. 0.60565... Tick Trefoil Near DeVaux College.

Desmodium acuminatum, DC. Near DeVaux College.

Desmodium paucifiorum, DC. “Woods at Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

Desmodium rotundifolium, DC. Near DeVaux College.

Desmodium cuspidatum, Torr. and Gray. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Douglass.

22 Desmodium Dillenii, Darlington. Near DeVaux College. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Desmodium paniculatum, DC. Near DeVaux College and on the opposite side of the river. Desmodium Canadense, DC. Near Clifton, Ontario.

Desmodium ciliare, DC. Queenston Heights, Ontario. JMacoun.

Lespedeza reticulata, Pers. (JZ. violacea, Pers. var. sessiliflora,

Torr. and Gray.) Near DeVaux College.

Mespeaesa, hirta, Hl foe sc Phe hte s aee cite Bush Clover “Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls,” Macoun.

isespedeza capitata, Michx.'.... 2... 00 00s ess Bush Clover Near DeVaux College.

MaCTA OPACGR Li. cick eu <i. Ce a nd een ae? Vetch. Tare Near Clifton, Ontario.

Wace (\Caroliniana,.Walt: 0. ke side, ke een te eae Vetch Goat Island.

Nacia Americana, Mubl: i). Saha neo ees coe Vetch Goat Island.

Lathyrus ochroleucus, Hook’............0....2...0: Wild Pea Goat Island, and near the whirlpool, Ontario.

Atay US) AL UStORy br! ii) os odo bos ieee ae Marsh Pea

var. myrtifolius, Gray. Goat Island and margins of the river above the falls.

Amphicarpza monoica, Elliott................. Hog Peanut Goat Island.

manos tuberosa, Moench 22). 4) 5007 220s tie ee Ground Nut Doubtless near the falls, but not yet observed by us.

Gleditschia triacanthos, Li... i025) 4 ee Honey Locust

Spontaneous along the bank of the river near Lewiston.

ROSACEZ.

PAM DALUS EHR STOAL Deaths 5! att tie) Lien Savane Ie eal RS aA rea EO PracH Spontaneous on Goat Island and near the Devil’s Hole. ’

Prunus Americana, Marshall ........ ........-.. Wild Plum >

Goat Island and elsewhere.

ee .

RUS OURASUB, | Mal we is'd Sele atgee a bie elbow uh 8% ...Common Rep Cuerry Spontaneous on Goat Island, and abundant along roadsides below the Falls.

OSE EST CoE 06: 2 Oe ee Choke Cherry Near DeVaux College. SUPP ROFOUNA, Li eee tele ce eels Black Cherry

Near Clifton, Ontario. Spireea salicifolia, L...Common Meadow Sweet. Spirzea Above the Falls on the Canadian side.

Neillia opulifolia, Benth. and Hook. (Spirca opulifolia, 1.) Nine-bark Goat Island. The Three Sisters. Rubus odoratus, L........ Purple Flowering Raspberry Goat Island and elsewhere. Rubus triflorus, Rich. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Pmebus Str SoOsus, Michx, ). 6. oo ee ee es Red Raspberry Goat Island.

iupus Occidentalis, L.. 20.0... eel ek. Black Raspberry Goat Island.

BRP ILIOSUS, GATE OSS ices de eates sk ek ea we Blackberry Goat Island.

Rubus Canadensis, L....... Dewberry. Low Blackberry Goat Island. Lewiston.

Beata lou. Ganelin) 33! foe). ol gadis le Sales aed BS Avens

Goat Island.

Geum Virginianum, L. Goat Island. Chippewa. Macoun, on the authority of Dr.

Maclagan.

Geum strictum, Ait. Goat Island.

SET e's VCC Mg SU GS Oa a Oe Purple Avens Wet places above Clifton, Ontario.

Waldsteinia fragarioides, Tratt........ Barren Strawberry Goat Island.

Fragaria Virginiana, Duchesne........... Wild Strawberry Goat Island and the main land.

Lipas tee: Sar Ga tect eb ae) epee a Wood Strawberry Goat Island.

24

Potentilla Norvegica, L. Goat Island and the main land. Potentilla Canadensis, Ti ie es eee ee Cinquefoil Goat Island. var. Simplex, Torr. and Gray. Near DeVaux College.

Fotentilla‘arcenteal Ei. os. 4... tie Silvery Cinquefoil Near DeVaux College. Clifton, Ontario.

Potentilla Anserina, Li) 0G ve es _... Silver Weed Low grounds above the falls on both sides of the river.

Potentilla palustris, Scop.:....5.....0... Marsh Five-finger

Chippewa. Clinton. Porentitia priosa, Willd. Near Clifton, Ontario. This is the plant called by us, P. recta, L., in the “ Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity.” The present deter- mination was by Prof. Macoun.

Ammonia: Hupatoria; Lissa ie ke Woe iel ann Agrimony Goat Island.

Pose. DlAN Ga Ait Yolk. y ins eae ts Rove ane oe Early Wild Rose Goat Island.

Hosa: Carolina: i ee) oe ee A Nel ey AN ae Swamp Rose Wet grounds, near Clifton, Ontario.

Rosa parvifiora, Ehrt. (R. lucida, Ebrt.) ........ Shining Rose Goat Island.

PUOS As PUDISTOS A Ts sii si 2.51) ae Masts beaten Sweet Briar Goat Island. Devil’s Hole. Lewiston.

BOOSA, MICRAN TEA, OMMIG HS. VG ye Cite lieu mL Recs nulla ame Sweet Brier Goat Island.

PUSS VEATATS Mabe 3) shite cule wi nae poe ya: Sie hea) 9 i oe APPLE Spontaneous on Goat Island and near the Devil’s Hole and

Lewiston.

PERS (COMMIUNES, Ei NA i) Seine Man ar Leer SEIN aM Ne ek a PEar Spontaneous on Goat Island.

Pyrus Coronvariay Ei. 0 Gee te ee uercere Witp Crap-apeLe Near DeVaux College. Lewiston. Queenston. Queenston Heights,

Ontario. Pyrus Avucuparta, Gaertn..:..0....5...4 Rowan Tree. Mountain Ash

Within the gorge of the River, on the Canadian side, near the Cantilever Bridge.

~~}

.

BPP GCOD UE GOCOLNOG a Lai acti. bv... Fareels sia lien sey ss We cn clake Thorn Goat Island.

ippatecoeus tomentosa, Li... isk. eee ieee. Black Thorn Goat Island.

Crateegus Crus-galli, L................ ...Cockspur Thorn

Goat Island. Not common in Western New York; but here, quite abundant.

Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. and Gray........Shad-bush var. Botryapium, Gray. Goat Island. var. Oblongifolia, Gray. Goat Island. Clifton, Ontario.

SAXIFRAGACEAH.

Saxifraga Virginiensis Michx........... Spring Saxifrage Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Lewiston.

Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L............. Swamp Saxifrage Cayuga Island, near LaSalle. Clinton.

MeAmPOMmeCOPGIIOIA, Lisl. oa. is oot hSo ogee y es Mitre Wort Goat Island.

MeemEDER CRU PUR VA), Li cese'. ie seo raat Wa lade) agape ce, Char stat Mitre Wort Goat Island.

MUMPERAPIEL TILA 1a 2G os chested de lee dian. Naked Mitre Wort

Near Chippewa. Clanton.

Chrysosplenium Americanum, Schw.....Golden Saxifrage Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Near the water’s edge at the Whirlpool on the Canadian side.

mines. Cynosbpatis Leo. rs. ee ee as Wild Gooseberry Goat Island.

Ribes oxyacanthoides, L. (2. hirtellum, Michx.). Swamp Goose- berry. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

DEsrds Sei Lop tC i761 egal been a ae re Wild Black Currant Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side. -

d

26 CRASSULACEZ. Fenthorum sedoides, bi. ig ue le: Ditch Stone Crop Damp places near Clifton, Ontario. v5 U5) Js VNC} ON Wy pie aa A ea ag dy LOIRE TBE a eam dN Stone Crop Goat Island and the mainland. Abundant. Seaium,ternatum, Michx .. 60.0 Ve ee Stoner Crop Attributed to rocky places on Niagara River by Douglass. Not seen by us. . MOONE RR MPETUM: (acts Pye iain Cet otra cuie he labs eRe eT COA a Ue vs een LivVE-FOR-EVER

Near De Vaux College.

HAMAMELACE/:.

Baumamelis Viroinica Ma. oC us hha cane Witch Hazel Near De Vaux College.

HALORAGE AA. | Myriophyllum spicatum, Tilo) a Vey. Water Milfoil Niagara River above the Falls in shallow and quiet places. Myriophyllum verticillatum, L............. Water Milfoil With the last. Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Michx....... Water Milfoil Pools near Clifton, Ontario. LYTHRACE. Nesea verticillata, H. B. K............. Swamp Loosestrife

Found in several places along the shores of Niagara River near Lake Erie. Therefore very likely to occur near the Falls, but not yet observed by us.

ONAGRACEZE. Epilobium spicatum, L. (Z. augustifolium, L.).... Willow Herb Near De Vaux College. Eritopium urrsutum, L.

Introduced near Clifton, Ontario. Perhaps not established.

Epilobium palustre, L. var. lineare, Gray. Near Clifton, Ontario.

Epilobium molle, Torr. In wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Wee Wana

27 Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. Above the Falls on the American side. ‘ Ludwigia palustris, Ell. Not yet seen by us near the Falls, but may be confidently looked for. Smmocnera DIONNIS, Li... hi. a. ee eee Evening Primrose Goat Island and elsewhere. GEnothera pumila, L. (@. chrysantha, Michx.).. Dwarf Evening Primrose. Near the Cantilver Bridge on the Canadian side of the River. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. ETN TTOSIUTLAS 5 at) Sy scl biel oF Gisisia a ehataand abe e Hla ec dhare we alers Gaura Near the Devil’s Hole. Circeea Lutetiana, L....... Nhe waees Enchanter’s Nightshade Goat Island. rere alpina, Ti. ..i os aes Enchanter’s Nightshade Damp and shady woods near Clifton, Ontario. CUCURBITACE/. Echinocystis lobata, Torr. and Gray......... Wild Cucumber Ree VMeraienlatuas, Ty aoe ew ks WV Star Cucumber

These two members of the Gourd family, occurring not rarely in Ontario and Western New York, have not been observed by us near the Falls. They may be expected.

FICOIDEZ.

Mmeorlupowerciciitatay (3. 650 lek eo ene. Carpet Weed

“On the railway track between Niagara Falls and Queenston.” Macoun. UMBELLIFERZ.

Hydrocotyle Americana, L.................... Penny Wort Damp and shady places near Clifton, Ontario.

prerORT a CANAD ONSISS Bil Ne isk wba wel alee! a's) SO AILOLS Goat Island.

manicula Marilandica, L.............4. Paresh coc aed te Sanicle

Goat Island.

PRAY GOUNORISAPUNG MUL aor Sak arctic ew sa 8 aa Red, cae Dies Potson Hemiock Road sides on the mainland.

28 Cicuta maculata, L......... iL OA eee er aL Water Hemlock Goat Island. Creuta bulbifera suis swe er eae a Water Hemlock

Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. CapriM OsRoT, Koei iWin ot TMi epeaee gee eal cotta tc ten Rana Caraway Goat Island. Sium cicutzfolium, Gmel., (S. lineare, Michx.).. Water Parsnip Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Pimpinella integerrima, Beuth. and Hooker. (Zizia integerrima, DC.) Near De Vaux College. Cryptotaenia Canadensis, DC................... Hone Wort Goat Island. Osmorrhiza longistylis, DC........... Smooth Sweet Cicely Goat Island. : Osmorrhiza brevistylis, DC............ Hairy Sweet Cicely Goat Island. Thaspium barbinode, Nuit. Near De Vaux College. Foster Flat, Ontario. Macoun.

Thaspium aureum, Nutt................ Golden Alexanders Goat Island. Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffm............ Great Angelica

Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. PrvucepANEUM sativum, Beuth. and Hook. (Pastinaca sativa, L.)..Parsnip Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side.

Heracleum lanatum, Michzs.). 2) un ).60.8- Cow Parsnip . Goat Island. More abundant on the mainland.

SD ACUS CAROTA, Ma 0-6 ciarehe ls aye Sly PRPC ee Sota Nn eae Carrot Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side. Erigenia bulbosa, Nutt................ Harbinger of Spring Goat Island. Introduced. Established ? ARALIACEA. Avalia Nudieawlis, feo ee Wild Sarsaparilla Goat Island. The Three Sisters.

Aralia quinguetolia,:' Grays Orig. Wee he Dee Ginseng Goat Island, but rare.

mralia trifolia, Gray: o\ sk eeQe suey ds sen oe Dwarf Ginseng

Goat Island. .

29

a CORNACEZE.

UST eo 6 beta ba Flowering Dogwood Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

Cornus circinata, L’Her............ Round-leaved Dogwood Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall.

MBMMMIPP BEPC, Lis 2 oe tee ee sate ds ols Silky Dogwood Goat Island.

meee stolonifera, Michx....... 0. cee Red Csier Goat Island.

Pere Paniewlata, Lier... 2... vs hie yee eee Dogwood

Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

Cornus alternifolia, L. Not uncommon in Western New York. Probably overlooked.

Nyssa multifiora, Wang............... Pepperidge. Tupelo Not a rare tree in Erie and Niagara Counties. Ought to be found near the Falls. CAPRIFOLIACZE. Sambucus racemosa, L.......... Apieee opm Red-berried Elder var. pubens, Watson. Goat Island...

Bamnmcus Canadensis, Ti)3\i0 i. ess sa eee Neo wi cele we Elder Goat Island.

Viburnum Opulus, L....Snowball. Guelder Rose. High Cranberry. Grand Island. Likely to be found on either side of the River near the Falls. .

OM PT AGETIIOIT I, Li se. oe ie date on ce ose Arrow wood Near De Vaux College. Viburnum pubescens, Pursh......0...0.....22.. Arrow wood

Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side. epurnut- dentatum, Tr.\.. 26... es esi ee sa Arrow wood Chippewa, Ontario. MJacoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Common on Grand Island. JA Ss alge 6216 70 a ee ee Withe rod Probably in the wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Viburnum Lentago, L....Sheep-berry: Sweet Viburnum Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

30 Triosteum perfoliatum, Tienes ie eas b ak Horse Gentian Near De Vaux College. B Symphoricarpus racemosus, Michx.............. Snowberry

var. paucifiorus, Robbins. Goat Island. Near De Vaux College and elsewhere.

Lonicera ciliata, Muhl.................... Fly Honeysuckle Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. IMONICERAS TL ARTARIOAS Wao Pasha) dia lere eben oie siete TarTaRIAN HoNnEYSUCKLE

Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Well established. Lonicera glauca, Hill. (LZ. parviflora, Lam., var.“Douglasii, Gray.) Goat Island.

Diervilla trifida, Moench........:....... Bush Honeysuckle Near Clifton, Ontario. RUBIACEZ.. HMoustonia. coerulea; Th: hc. eo. n abe Bluets. Innocence Near Lewiston. Houstonia purpurea, L. var. Ciliolata, Gray. Goat Island. Near the Whirlpool, on both sides of the River.

Cephalanthus occidentalis, L.................. Button Bush Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Maitehella ‘repens, Li) 2 nae) ee eR Partridge Berry Goat Island.

Gatium A parine! ie... ey seb Giacs soca eenpa nea Cleavers Goat Island and elsewhere.

fae ene WIL GL LUGOy Mattes oe. cK) Hd Se Ok on eae Mayas: BeEp sTRAWw Goat Island. Introduced.

Gatun Prosi | Aibs 62. kell tose ke ee ae eee Bedstraw

Near De Vaux College. Queenston, Ontario. Macoun. Galium circzezans, Michx. Lewiston. Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun. Galium lanceolatum, Michx. Near De Vaux College. Near the Whirlpool. Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. alin pboreale iD: tissue -eneiert Northern Bed straw Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Galium trifidum, L.

var. tinctorum, Gray. Goat Island

ns, He WereN apy il a

31 Galium asprellum, Michx................. Rough Bedstraw Goat Island. BrlaarOa trina, Mich. ie... ace ade, . s 90 Sweet Bedstraw

Goat Island. Woods near De Vaux College.

VALERIANACEZ. VALERIANA OFFICINALIS, L..... rie RE ah .......-MILLEFLEUR. | VALERIAN Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side. Valeriana dioica, L., var. sylvatica, Watson. (V. sylvatica. Rich.) “Meadows, Niagara Falls.” [Ontario.] Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Not seen by us.

DIPSACEZ#. SBOE VHOURRIS PULLS). oatcsd Sikes 2S uawie Suites a abe) aha a cd iis Sind 'TEASEL Above the Falls, on the American side of the River. Near-the Devil’s Hole.

COMPOSIT ZA.

Eupatorium purpureum,L......... Purple Thoroughwort Damp grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Eupatorium perfoliatum, L...... Boneset. Thoroughwort Above the Falls on the American side.

mupatorium ageratoides, Li’. ............ White Snakeroot Goat Island and elsewhere.

Liatris cylindracea, Michx................Button Snakeroot Near De Vaux College.

SUMMMEMMPELCEOSI EL TEE LC ht aMirYoes alive elon waders = cuts Golden Rod Near De Vaux College.

Seema rerimtrimlia To i520. ele eal tO es ed Golden Rod Goat Island.

See CAE COLON Wepre sia ete Oe the ws ot Golden Rod

Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

var. concolor, Torr and Gray. Near De Vaux College.

perdaso wlmitoliay Mahl. 6.2... Vy... Golden Rod Goat Island.

Solidago neglecta, Torr. and Gray................ Golden Rod “Niagara Falls.” Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess.

GL Ee TRG seat CF a A A a Oe aa Golden Rod

Chippewa. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

Pt) EON ae yt , Medal nh GA ELST TS | fan 64 ae TANG

32 Solidago juncea, Hook. (S. arguta, Ait.)........... Golden Rod Goat Island. Solidazo serotina, -Aiti'..). acne sn tad. ee Golden Rod Goat Island. “Niagara District.”’ Macoun. var. gigantea, Gray. ) Goat Island. } Solidago Canadensis, L.......... 1 ah TIRES eg Golden Rod Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Solidaro-nemoralis, } Ait. 2° Yoo5 ci sea tees Golden Rod Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. BOldaAcO PISA, Bi Ee Aish ee eek e ah Meaty re Wau oi Golden Rod Near De Vaux College. Soldaro laneeotata, Aub. Fs le a, ci aati) aia Golden Rod Margin of Niagara River above the Falls on the American side. SEP TTGN PERENMIGN Sr, (Vag hv no es, eee ace a Enoeuisu or Trur Daisy

In a lawn at Clifton, Ontario, where it has maintained itself a number of years.

Aster COrymbosus, Ait: (cj. cl, Snieule el eet syae i a ale Aster Goat Island. Lewiston.

mister macrophy Us, Li je ke ee aoe Fe Vata Aster Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

Aster Novee-Angliz, L................ New England Aster Goat Island and above the Falls on either side.

PVSCET DALEIS ATE A iis Seis Ce eed enol AUS Se Rear Pela Aster

Near De Vaux College, ; var. phlogifolius, Nees. With the typical variety.

gasuer Azureus, Tin oiled he ae der inti a cee Aster Near De Vaux College. LaSalle. Clinton.

PSCOM COPGIIOlUS, Le. ia ae ee RR ae ene tae . . Aster Near De Vaux College. ;

Aster sacittifolius.) Walla”. 202 hee Aer aig eer iene Aster Goat Island. “Niagara.” Macoun, on the authority of Dr.

Maclagan. MESCOT LES VES 0D.) 25.5 6 Oh ok PRRs ON A CCTM AN on ile lies Aster

Near De Vaux College.

PxSter SOTicOides Wi os i). Lee RA Ta Na Be hig dee | Aster Near De Vaux College. )

Aster multifiorus, De. . 3.3 04.5% RY URUAA IN ES SIMONA Hh ig Aster

Goat Island.

33

Aster vimineus, Lam. (A. puniceus, L., var. vimineus. Gray. Aster. Near Clifton, Ontario.

meter Gitusus, Ait. (4. moser, Nutt.) 0... le eee aes Aster Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario.

BPE ROMOA TUL Eh ioe ke oD a dine sb ease Wb hoe ola bane Aster Goat Island.

PR TERTA LC ULL GUS) TiAl. sy sich a fie cle spe pia sta ods Belece Aster Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

mecer prenanthoides, Mubli... 2... ek eee ole se Aster Near Clifton, Ontario.

MMU TENCOUEE FLD) 0. ots do 80 itll coe plein hb ae 2's Shel ot heehe a dan Aster Goat Island.

Aster umbellatus, Mill. (Diplopappus wmbellatus, Torr. and Gray.) Aster. Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. Aster ptarmicoides, Torr. and Gray:.................... Aster Near De Vaux College. A species not common in our region, but here rather abundant.

Erigeron bellidifolius, Muhl......... Poor Robin’s Plantain Goat Island.

Erigeron Philadelphicus, L................. Pink Fleabane Near Clifton, Ontario. :

Piperen GRMUUS) Perse in cris ke lie eee SW ods Fleabane Waste places on the mainland.

Mrisoren Strisosus. ‘Mubl oe... i bee oe is ee eels Fleabane Goat Island.

pramoron, Canadensis.) Li. 61)... je ee Horseweed Mainland above the Falls on the American side.

_Antennaria plantiginifolia, Hook.............. Everlasting

Lewiston.

Anaphalis margaritacea, Benth. and Hook. (Antennaria mar-

ES TR OS 6 TR) EOS ay Ra oe Pearly Everlasting Near De Vaux College. Gnaphalium polycephalum,,Michx............. Everlasting

Near De Vaux College.

Gnaphalium uliginosum, L. Damp places along road sides on the main land.

: 5

Bata so

34 Taouk) Ebon rony Wi. chs Ue ee Neue eee enn. erate cnc KLECAMPANE ’ Goat Island. Polymmnia Canadensis” Li.) . cepa t ae yee ons we ane Leaf-cup

Along the descent to the Ferry on the Canadian side of the River, and at the Whirlpool and Foster’s Flat, Ontario. Silphium trifoliatum, L. ‘Attributed to the Falls, by Torrey, on the authority of Dr. Eddy. Not observed by us.

manprosie trinde: Gai de tn. Doi ee eee Oe Rag Weed

Margin ot the River above the Falls.

Ambrosia artemisicefolia, L........ 2... 0....0 05. Rag Weed Goat Island and with the foregoing species. xManthivum Canadense Milk.) 4.)5 U2 Uae. Cockle-bur

Above the Falls on the American side. var. echinatum, Gray. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

Heliopsis levis, Pers)... flees cs ome False Sun-flower Near Clifton, Ontario. Pe peck ie Mba Ta on L's Sieh: oy sree shale Yellow Daisy

Near Lewiston. mudhbeckia, laciniata, Va. 40). 0 aie deme a Cone Flower “Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Me ANTES ANNO USS Dake co's is Pot SRO NT aes g Common SUN-FLOWER Escaped near Lewiston.

Helianthus divaricatus, L....-........--<.:...: Sun-flower Goat Island.

Helianthus strumosus, L......... .......... ....Sun-flower Goat Island. Near DeVaux College.

Helianthus decapetalus, Li. sis... beak Sun-flower Damp places near Clifton, Ontario.

Bidens frondosa, L................ Cockle. Beggar’s ticks Waste places on the main land. :

micens connate, Muhl s.).)c6. avers see ee Beggar’s ticks |

Goat Island. Bidens cernua, L.

Wet places near Clifton, Ontario? Bidens chrysanthemoides, Michx.

With the last and on the American side of the River above the Falls,

Fed

~ Bidens Beckii, Torr.

Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Niagara River near Grand Island.

mpelonvwy AiuLumnale, Lis... fy cel. eke Sneeze-weed Goat Island and elsewhere in wet ground.

Antuemis Coruna, L. (Maruta Cotula, D. C.). 1.2.2... 600s Maywrrp Road sides on the main land.

Wemmiliess WWillefolium, Ui... :. 0, 00.3.0... ee Ae ee Yarrow Goat Island. .

CHRYSANTHEMUM LeucanTrHemuM, L).............c0cce eee Ox-rye Daisy

Goat Island and elsewhere.

CHRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENIUM, Pers.............2..-2; 000008 FErvERFEW Lewiston. A garden scape.

STEEN E TIA WITNGA RRM db ane pao Sf o8s \oleceed arm cab nth fof «ayn pis tate Seu maar S TANSY Near the Cantilever Bridge on the Canadian side.

SDENGIORA ETI CRMRTG ges pS 3 loa iy ate ola Seed a dun hole akin asp ots at Muveworr Along the descent to the old landing on the American side of the

River, of the steamer “Maid of the Mist.”

(Co IR TCM TTS Ona ps ee .. .COLTSFOOT By the railroad track between the Devil’s Hole and Lewiston. “TD LSTE NOB W eh es DK Diag ne ane Ne a ee Og a Golden Ragwort

Goat Island. . var. Balsamitee, Torr. and Gray. Near DeVaux College. Rays sometimes wanting.

Senecio vutearis, LL .......... PEL AL NigAe Dien I ER Dat od Beg 8 GROUNDSEL American side of the River above the Falls.

mrechtites hieracifolia, Rat. .'c5- 2. es es Fireweed Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario.

25 BOT Wart 01 ig nS ES a SOD IN era OS ab tr Burpock Goat Island.

TIS VME Wo! ORI Ros 1001 a a Canapa THISTLE Goat Island and elsewhere.

Cntcus EANORGCATIS CEVOILIN sik N ct Beret dS lace kee wees ee Common THISTLE Goat Island and elsewhere.

Cnicus pumilus, Torr....................../ Pasture Thistle Near DeVaux College.

Cnicus altissimus, Willd... .................... Tall Thistle

var. discolor, Gray. Goat Island. /

36

Picris ECHIOIDES, L.

“Along the road side between Clifton and Niagara Falls.” Macoun. Lampsana communis, L.

Queenston Heights, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Millman.

NARA TOM AD RAN TTA CUM Piso cine SOM ye etna MMM) OMe 2 Hawkweed Goat Island. Introduced. Hieracium Canadense, Michx....... . ...-Canadian Hawkweed Near DeVaux College. Hieracium paniculatumy Li). hs) ./2% We eee Hawkweed With the last.

eOrRCIAM VeEnNOS UIE. Dr. ee ee eee el et Hawkweed Goat Island.

Hieracium scabrum, Michx:....2...00.00.0070..\. ... Hawkweed Near DeVaux College.

Maoracii ne. GLrOnOviL eG le ca be we ste ont a ane eee Hawkweed Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario.

Prenanthes alba, L. (Nabalus albus, Hook.) ....... White Lettuce

Goat Island.

Prenanthes altissima, L. (Nabalus altissimus, Hook.) Lewiston. Foster’s Flat, Ontario.

TARAXACUM OFFICINALE, Web..............-.. Faye atk so ee DanDELION Goat Island and elsewhere. hactuca Canadensis, Tk oo. eu ae Wild Lettuce

Goat Island. Lactuca integrifolia, Bigelow. (L. Canadensis L., var. integrifolia, Torr, and Gray.) Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. ~

Lactuca leucophea, Gray. (Mulgedium leucopheum, DC.) Blue Lettuce.

Goat Island. j

Soncuus oLERACEUS, L........... Re Ma Wen Nace er een ih Or. SL Sow THIstLE Goat Island.

LOBELIACE.

mobelia syphiliticas Ti wi...) Payee Blue Lobelia On the American side of the river above the Falls.

Leys) Tey WM CE WM ob Bal Pi ere a ee Ue AM A Kalm’s Lobelia Goat Island. Low grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

PMSA ANNA Li ek a a a Ot a Indian Tobacco

Lewiston and elsewhere.

57

CAMPANULACEZ.

Specularia perfoliata, A. DC....... Venus’s Looking Glass — Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess.

' CaMPANULA RAPUNOCULOIDES, L........ Gear apt tt gn) ae BELLWort Road sides on the main land. Escaped from cultivation. SCampurmurea POtundifolia, Do... hi daw ng Harebell Goat Island, and thence to Lewiston. Campanula aparinoides, Pursh.......... Marsh Bellflower £ Goat Island, in grassy places on the edge of the River /) Campanula Americana, L:.:.............. Tall Bellflower Near Clifton, Ontaria. ERICACE. Gaylussacia resinosa, Torr. and Gray.......... Huckleberry Goat Island, and thence to Lewiston. mweaccinium stamineum, Ly. 2.0. sy. 2. ele. Deerberry Near DeVaux College and at Lewiston. = Vaccinium vacillans, Solander............. Low Blueberry Goat Island. Vaccinium corymbosum,L.....,....... Swamp Blueberry R Wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. _ Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng....Bearberry. Killikin- nick. GoatIsland. Vicinity of the Whirlpool on both sides of the River. aurora procumbens, I... ii... ies ois Winter-green Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side.

| | Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt.................. Prince’s Pine Near DeVaux College.

| Pyrola secunda, L Near DeVaux Colle ge.

\ ‘Pyrola chlorantha, Swartz.

Me Niagara Falls. Clinton. Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. i” Pyrola elliptica, Nutt.

le Goat Island.

{

eyrola rotundifolia, L..-.......2..5... False Winter-green |

Near DeVaux College.

it Pterospora andromedea, Nutt. Hee ~ Near the Whirlpool on the American side.

bare) US red Tt

Monotrops unifora: ds Wise ee ace ...-Indian Pipe ©

Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side.

Monotropa. Hy popitys, Bo. oe ees Pn oa Pine-sap Goat Island. Clinton.

A sphagnous swamp, near Black Creek, Ontario, a few miles south of Chippewa, has produced the following named plants of this family:

Chiogenes hispidula, Torr. and Gray .. Creeping Snowberry

Andromeda 'polifolia: Le) <6 Raines ee ee Andromeda

Cassandra calyculata, Don.............. Pays Leather Leaf.

hedum latifoliuma Ait lu Oe el gee ...Labrador Tea PRIMULACEA.

Dodecatheon Meadia, L. American Cowslip....Shooting Star Goat Island. Introduced.

Steironema ciliatum, Raf. Goat Island.

Steironema longifolium, Gray. “Orevices of rocks at Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

Lysimachia stricta, Ait. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

WGYSIMAGHIA:: Nem MARTA) Ta. 3) lie’ o's sid bi kee Caceres Re Monrywort Escaping from gardens on the main land.

Lysimachia thyrsiflora. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

OLEACE. BaBUSTRUM VOLGARH ME fh DUR SAO STS) CCiaE anode jr ae eh ee Priver Well established near Clifton, Ontario. SYRINGA! “VULGARIS: Toy i005) oe i ey ee yee Linac

A well-grown lilac-tree was observed in flower in the gorge of the River, on the Canadian side, near the Cantilever Bridge, where it could not have been planted by man.

EPraxinus Americana Gave kn en eee) oan. White Ash

Goat Island and elsewhere.

Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam.................... Black Ash — Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario. APOCYNACE. Apocynum androsemifolium, L................. Dog Bane

Near DeVaux College.

BREN VAAN LOS Yo ral Li a

-

; Wpocynum cannabinum, L................... Indian Hemp

Goat Island. Prospect Park. Lewiston.

BIETOAMIVINOR Lc tisha sicilatele ss: sielciele ejane's PpriwiInkLE. Creprinag Myrrir

‘Goat Island. Introduced and spreading.

ASCLEPIADACEAE.

meciopias tubergsa, Li... eee. Butterfly Weed Below the Falls on both sides of the River.

meactemes incarnata, Do... es Swamp Milkweed Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne............. Common Milkweed

- Goat Island and elsewhere.

Asclepias phytolaccoides, Pursh........... Wood Milkweed Goat Island.

Asclepias quadrifolia, L........... Four-leaved Milkweed Near DeVaux College.

Asclepias verticillata, L............... Whorled Milkweed Near DeVaux College.

Acerates viridiflora, Fll......... Green-flowered Milkweed

“Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

GENTIANACE. imentrang serrata, Gurner ..2...262.06.5 5 O00. Shorn Gentian Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Gentiana Andrewsii, Grieseb............... Closed Gentian

Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Gentiana crinita, Froel, occurs on Islands in Niagara River, near Lake Erie. Gentiana Saponaria, L., may be looked for on either side of the River above the Falls. Gentrana quinqueflora, Lam., probably will be found on the wooded hillsides near the Whirlpool on: the Canadian side.

Frasera Carolinensis, Walt............. American Columbo

Queenston Heights, Ontario. Jos. Sturdy. Macoun.

POLEMONIACE. PREV ATICA CH), 1.) fusee cla b mek ec een. Le Blue Phlox Goat Island and elsewhere. eolemonium, reptans, 6.2525 bo) ee Polemonium

Goat Island. Uncommon.

/

40

HYDROPHYLLACEZ.

Hydrophyllum. Vaireinicamy, Gio co Cae Water Leaf Goat Island. Clifton, Ontario. 5

Hydrophyllum Canadense, UL... 022.264. ... 50: Water Leaf

Near Clifton, Ontario. BORRAGINACEA.

OVWOGLOSSUM) OF FICINALH, Ta fo) eh ee Banas Hounbs-TONGUE Goat Island and elsewhere.

Cynozlossum “Virginicumy) Ta. ))20 0 2 eee Wild Comfrey Near DeVaux College.

Echinospermum Virginicum, Lehm. (Cynoglossum Morisoni,

DC.)

Goat Island.

EicuinospermMuM Lapeuta, Lehm .:.......0.. 0.02.00 e eee StTIcKWEED Road sides on the main land.

NMyosotis laxa; Teh...) ie Pee, ....Forget-me-not Wet grounds, near Clifton, Ontario.

Myosotis verna, Nutt. Lewiston.

dTTHOSPHRMUM) ARVENSE! Vly... ! eclagie ates ale os Dee Corn GROMWELL Goat Island and elsewhere.

i \

TUUTHOSPERMUM: OFFICINALES Tay o's sc eteie eierkea Common GROMWELL Goat Island and elsewhere.

Lithospermum latifolium, Michx. Near DeVaux College.

SYMPTOM OFFICINAT EM, (1a). 0 Sah el wusidee ia tse Wiel Shiota Mae ena CoMFREY Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

PERU VUGEATR EE Tah UL are atari aw 02 Sa Leap a Virer’s Buetoss Below the Falls on the American side.

CON VOLVULACEZE. MpoMcns "PURPUREA: Tame 2) tn mete (ORY hn ok Mela ah Mornina Giory Occasionally seen as a garden scape. GlyhW OHV ULUS) ABVENSTS, Auli 5) wall kitaye Vi seakiey a ae eel a ML Ete BINDWEED. Above the Falls on the American side. Lewiston. Convolvulus spithameeus, L. (Calystegia spithamca, Pursh.) Hedge-Bindweed. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Clinton. Abundant near Lewiston.

41

Convolvulus sepium, L. (Calystegia sepium, B. R.) Wild Morn- ing Glory. Below Prospect park. Near DeVaux College.

eupeuta infiexa, Englomann... .... 8.0.66. cee. ee. Dodder Below Lewiston. Identified by Dr. Lnglemann. PUR CUrONOVET, Willd. 2 eel eye's cle se tate e Oe Dodder

Above the Falls on the American side.

mmmoummerueminum, Weihe. . 2...) 2 else ed ee cee eee ce ees Friax Dopprer Flax fields near Lewiston. Clinton.

SOLANACE.

RM NIG UMS Lacie soc 6 al Pete 8 ola eis aie UM Slaw'es Common NIGHTsHADE Waste places on the main land.

SORT UGAMAGA Nee Cu Aa ye aN Mitr i), BrrreRrswEET Goat Island.

Physalis Virginiana, Mill. (P. viscosa L.)....Ground Cherry Below the Falls on the Canadian side.

MOM VOUGARE, Dumals. 26. S.A ee eee edn bas Marrimony VINE Near the lower Suspension Bridge, on the American side. Clinton.

Datura Srramonium, L ..........-........ Srramontium. THorn APPLE Waste places on the main land.

REAM AATHUTA, Lied wt bce td ed salads cihccia vie ete ek Purrie THorn APPLE Near Lewiston.

MMPOMPMAMIGS NIGEH Er ate 28 Whe Sew ye ys Ses breleula tds miele HENBANE Niagara. Judge Logie.

SCROPHULARIACE. VeERBascum REARS SM leo t/a et. wy eta Wg wa hs ee uk MUvtLueEIn Goat Island and elsewhere. PUMPBAS CUM DSCATPARTAS DT. 0 o..5 sc) 4 Schl e Sialdnc ek Ne ojaceiane (ola ¢ Morn Murex Niagara Falls, Ontario, and between Queenston and Niagara. Macoun. imsnrarvOLGAnis Mall! 8 oo ee ee Bourrer-anp-Eacs. Toap Fiax

Above the Falls on the American side. Lewiston.

Collinsia verna, Nutt. Goat Island. Introduced.

Scrophularia nodosa, M..... SAA ON ee Ose AN SS ae Figwort var. Marilandica, Gray. Goat Island.

fal

6

¥ whe OF * 42 Chelone Slabra yD. 35) Les CON |e Turtle-Head Wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. . Pentstemon pubescens, Solander................ Pentstemon

Goat Island and elsewhere. Pentstemon levigatus, Solander. (P. Digitalis, Nutt.)...Pent- stemon. Goat Island. Introduced. MarmuluG PINSENS HE iho hice ok ls AR Monkey-Flower Low grounds on the American side above the Falls. Gratiola Virginiana, L. | With the last. Gill Creek. Clinton.

weronica; Varsimicg. iii eo. a Bh eek Culver’s Physic Goat Island. Introduced. ‘

Weronica Anaralhigs T..o8 5) lub ote, Te eae Water Speedwell Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Veronica Americana, Schw. oi... ch Gye Brooklime Margin of river on the American side above the Falls.

Weronica scutellatas Disa ee ee Marsh Speedwell Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Meronica OMcinalss, Tyra sy ee pene Bee Speedwell Near Lewiston.

Veronica serpyllifolia, L........ Thyme-leaved Speedwell

Goat Island.

Veronica peregrina, L. Above,the Falls on the American side.

IVER ONTOAWATRVEINSIG <8 a ia 40001) 7 abn i, PW dh tg eared tue So CLP tas Corn SPEEDWELL Goat Island.

Grorardia Havas Wi te Oo Boe eke Downy False Foxglove Near DeVaux College.

Gerardia quercifolia, Pursh........ Smooth False Foxglove Goat Island. Near DeVaux College.

Gerardia purpureasles (0. 2. eee Purple Gerardia

Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, On'ario.

Gerardia tenuifola, Vahl. Near DeVaux College.

Castilleia coccinea, Spreng...................... Painted Cup Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side.

Pedicularis Canadensiss y's wee acl tn sewer Lousewort Goat Island.

43

Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Melampyrum Americanum, Michx............. Cow-wheat Goat Island. Near DeVaux College.

OROBANCHACE. mpnviionm unifiorum, Gray ..... 0.4.0.6. je. ieee. Broom-rape | Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. Conopholis Americana, Wallr................... Cancer-root

Above the Falls on the American side. Clinton. “Vicinity of Niagara Falls.” Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

Mppnesus Virginiana, Bart ..:....0......-......- Beechdrops Goat Island. Not common. LENTIBULARIACEZ. MIeWlaAria VULTATIS, Lisi. e. tte Nee Bladderwort

Shallow and quiet places in Niagara river, near the American shore above the Falls.

Utricularia, cornuta, Michx. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Not common now. “Abun- dant on the Table Rock.” [1818.] Nuttall, Gen. Am. Pl., vol. 1, p. 14. ACANTHACE:. Dianthera Americana, L................... Water Willow Margin of Niagara River above the Falls on the American side. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

VERBENACE. Pawan wuoplrostach ya, Do) 2. el a ee ak Lop-seed Goat Island. ‘ Mmorvens-Urcicwiolias Fi ec eee cc White Vervain Above the Falls on the American side. Mervena/hastata, De i. i... ee ye oe Blue Vervain

Goat Island and elsewhere.

a LABIAT A. moancrium. Canadense, Tio.) .. 0.6.2.5). hee... Germander Goat Island. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

Asuea REpTans, L ‘ BuGLe

Cie, Clase 6 0 6 + 6 Site a '< @ 8 6 6 © Ble oe eyelle-e le © 6 Ole 6 0 eae 8s

Goat Island. Introduced.

44 Gollinsonia Canadensis, Tyo). 62 et ae Horse Balm Near Clifton, Ontario. : PE NIDETA + VERTIS. Tgle Mam epi ig) cd, PURI NS A ge Ci ea SPEARMINT

Goat Island. Clinton. Niagara Falls. _Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess. MUEICTITA PIPERTTA RTS Cue Fo Ski. eae, Lie, ae UN MRE I ean PEPPERMINT Above the Falls on the American side. Near Lewiston.

Mentha Canadensis, Fie ee aa Wild Mint

Gost Island and elsewhere.

Iv eopus Virsimicuss iy. 40 eh. fs ude Le ee Bugle Weed Goat Island.

Lycopus sinuatus, Ell. (L. Huropeus, L., var. sinuatus, Gray.) Shore of Niagara River on the American side above the Falls.

Pycnanthemum lanceolatum, Pursh ....... Mountain Mint’

Near DeVaux College. Calamintha Nuttallii, Benth. (C. glabella, Benth., var. Nuttallii, Gray.) In wet, rocky places above Clifton, Ontario.

Calamintha Clinopodium, Beuth................0...... Basil Goat Island.

MV URILASHA (ORWTOUNAT IS: (A) s)s Si Aeerae Acs wtel cu ah ect a MWALA Pk hag OS ane Lemon Batu Niagara Falls. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess.

Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers............. False Penny Royal Near Lewiston.

RS AMV ORELOCINATING: Macpac. Soi hedne cote Cue ave a AERO A NMR 28) i aM SaGE Near DeVaux College. Well established.

Monarda fistulosa) 1a) 3062 ae Oe a Horse Mint

Goat Island and elsewhere. “Monarda didyma, L., Scarlet Balm, ought to be found in the low, rich grounds along the River, near Clifton, Ontario. Lophanthus nepetoides, Benth................ Giant Hyssop Near DeVaux College. Between Niagara Falls and Lake Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Lophanthus scrophulariefolius, Benth. Slopes of Queenston Heights. Macoun.

INGE DANO A TARTAN MEG A fh ec AAR ANE Ge Ree CaTNEP Goat Island. iy .

WNierra\) GEEcroma, Gm thy js. skied pric ee ee eibus fo gts ails Gu Slew Laat Grounp Ivy Goat Island.

45

mentellaria, laterisord, Li.) 0.00.6. ee eg Skull-Cap Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

Menalearia Wary: Mich i... lds ee eesti Skull-Cap Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side.

Scutellaria galericulata, Michx................... Skull-Cap Goat Island and elsewhere.

SEITE VULPATIG, Ti. 63/3. 3 a ek Heal-All Goat Island and* elsewhere.

Physostegia Virginiana, Benth. y Shores of the river above the Falls. 4

PETES MOARDIAOA: Dans Ae ysle cin eins Ste @ Soe Opies eo ele ... MorHEerwort

Goat Island. Stachys aspera, Michx. (S. palustris, L., var. aspera, Gray.) Hedge Nettle.

Goat Island. PLANTAGINIACE/#.

ORE NEAT OR Uy hs uk Sua ete aI Mong © chats abe. lajeiay dou Common PLAINTAIN Goat Island and elsewhere.

Plantago Rugellii, Decaisne. (P. Kamtschatica, Cham.) Plaintain Goat Island and elsewhere. :

BAGH THANCHOLADA, Lil). 04) ds Vo ces WN eschew a boa n cede es Rip Grass Near Clifton, Ontario.

PrantaGo mepta, L. “Niagara.” Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 474. Not seen by us.

AMARANTACE#. AME MMPS BE TRORNESUSY Lis) lo. So kek oR Lads egein Oa han Se PIGWEED Road sides on the main land. PUM MBANITH USGA BUGS Tis ieis Ode wal alee aye ope Bede cua dna hehe « Wuirre AMARANT

Road sides on the main land.

CHENOPODIACE.

OO DSRS SE SST Taig NPY 20 CC OP BF PIGWEED

Goat Island and elsewhere.

CHENOPODIUM GLAUcUM, L. Road sides and waste places on the main land.

SON ECEETRE CUR PROM. Paha Soo ok ae ec wiete Ce aoe PIGWEED Bath Island.

CHENOPODIUM HyBRIDUM, L. Goat Agland.

\ ’

bit ai (i

oe ie Re wip PP ee Po Eee oy , ue Gals

CRENSPUDIUM,, DOTRYS, Lao i'ei ye eee Dee tae saa cen Oak-or-J ERUSALEM “ Niagara Falls.” Macoun.

PERE TP TEX PAVIIEN, Diy boi Mac sock avsd ees aaie erm eh sic lice? cies et Agra naa ORACHE var. HasTaTa, Gray. American side of the River above the Falls. var. LITTORALIS, Gray. With the last.

PHYTOLACCACE.’ Phy colaces, decandran Ts: .-: is): be tr wee eee ae Poke weed Goat Island. POLYGONACEE. IPOLYGONUM AVIOULARE, Wlis7-.) shakes oe oe es oe eee ae ene Kwot Grass

Waste places on the main land. Potyeonum EREcTUM, L. , Above the Falls on the American side. Polygonum incarnatum, Ell. Shores of the River above the Fall. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, L. “In the Niagara District.” Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Polygonum amphibium, L. Islands of Niagara River. Clinton. Polygonum Muhlenbergii, Watson. (P. amphibium, L. var. lerrestre, Willd.) Margin of the River above the Falls. IEGLYGONUM .PERSIOARTAy (Ly, o seid assis ives d Gtk tial eee Lapy’s Taump Waste places on the main land.

Polysonum Hydropiper, iiss fio. {cease Smart weed — Margin of the River above the Falls. IPolysonium acre, Hi'B. Kyo) see worked ae ete ee Smart weed

On the American side of the River above the Falls.

Polygonum hydropiperoides, Michx. Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Polysonum ‘arifoliumy: Tee oO On eareo Tear-thumb Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. Polygonum sagittatum, Li. .o2025. Tear-thumb Doubtless to be found in the low, wet ground near Clifton, Ontario. Porveonum ConvouvULus; bi See Cerne, Cadena Buack BinpwEED

Waste places and road sides of the main land.

Pelyonum Gdumetorum, L.:........ 4.5... False Buckwheat var. scandens, Gray. Chippewa, Ontario. Macoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan. MMR ECCRETOE TS MES Wotie so Lic aa 'p, at's vo « fab dyes asi wince bles ave aws YELLOW DOCK Road sides on the main land.

MMNPTTISTPONIUS, Lali iya .ook 8c eyere acide wage S's 0 ee oles ele os Bitter Dock In similar places as the last.

MEME OOS ESL TA TUM. cies e oat aaa aypialaue Seale: weave wie'e adele wie SHEEP SORREL Near Clifton, Ontario. | ARISTOLOCHIACEs. Seer Canagdense, Li!) 2. 6005 Gah ideas ee ere Wild Ginger

Near Clifton, Ontario. Lewiston. Only the larger form (or species ?) noticed. PIPERACEA. Ser S COMM UUS Wai iho oe leas wan ee hatwhs Lizard’s Tail “Charles’s Island above the Falls.” [Ontario.] MJacoun, on the authority of Dr. Burgess.

LAURAC. Boseairas Oficinale, Nees. 005.0505 2 Sassafras Lewiston. Near the Whirlpool on the Canadian side. fandera Benzoin, Meisner.»..-.:. 22.50... 0! ce. Spice bush

Goat Island and the Three Sisters.

THYMELACEZE.

RrPmraeMPUIMISEPIS,: Ta. 01 cle ed ke fer te oes Moosewood

Niagara, Ontario. JMacoun, on the authority of Dr. Maclagan.

uaa etVirire eer EMee Deee oA Sie By\ <3 ate o S x a cys caste ithe, lems wate M&zEREON Goat Island. Introduced and spreading.

ELEAGNACEA. pnepnierdia Canadensis, Nutt. =.) 2.00. 2 eee. Shepherdia Goat Island and on each side of the River to Lewiston and Queenston. SANTALACEZE. Comandra umbellata, Nutt....:......... Bastard Toad-Flax

Goat Island. Lewiston and elsewhere.

48 EUPHORBIACE.

Mupnorbig maculata; Li) ae inlay oe Spotted Spurge Main land on both sides of the River.

Huphorbia platyphy lla; Te ie wa Cases os See Spurge Road sides on the main land.

POUPHORBIA EUBTTOSCOPTAS Wei.8, oicie ek Moe ee oss Re 2) Ct demain Brey SPURGE With the last.

Kupnorsia Cyparissias, L.......... AN SOR Har at trated ES Cypress SPURGE ‘ Escaped.

mophorbia hypericifolia, To)... 29. oe ee es Spurge Above the Falls on the American side.

mecaly pha: Vireinicas Dis... Three-seeded Mercury Near DeVaux College.

CERATOPHYLLACEZE. Ceratophyllum demersum, Li: ..2).0.02 234.0225 Hornwort

In shallow places in the River above the Falls on the American side. In pools near Clifton, Ontario.

URTICACEAE. -

Lube ok tse g pW Gg WARM Etc] ct gi MMPA OED Lis SURG SMTA Won Slippery Elm Goat Island. Lewiston.

Mimus Americana, Dis. ane e oA ell ea American Elm Goat Island.

Wimus ‘racemosa, Thomas.) 20080. So ae so, Thomas’s Elm Bath Island. Planted.

Unmus GAP SRT ea te 35 Ney UN UR cee natty, telat Ye Eneuiso Ei, Luna Island. Planted. |

Celtis occidentalis, L........... Nettle Tree. Sugar Berry “ Rather common between Queenston and Niagara.” Macown.

BROMUS UT aS Ne Okc ae Mee a teat ty, Viaeiy Red Mulberry Near DeVaux College. One small specimen observed near the

Ferry landing on the Canadian side. “Not uncommon from

Niagara Town along the river to the Whirlpool.” Macoun. SLY FSR oC WA ENGN DURE CEE SAAR AME DL On Ary BIL A ali Waite Muiperry Spontaneous near Lewiston. * Niagara Falls. Macoun. Morts An undetermined species has been planted on Luna Island,

" 4 ane } ta r a mA Woy Ree

49 MCLG e SPACIUIB ATUL: votes ales ok rs as chbae se ees Le Tall Nettle Goat Island. Laportea Canadensis, Gaud.................... Wood Nettle Damp grounds above Clifton, Ontario. ETE ESCRINT LE ACIL AY). 6:4 choi ditty vd) sn OW athe shaves orn «lhace op Richweed

Goat Island. Boehmeria cylindrica, Willd. has probably been overlooked.

EMME UIE ACD La RA So) Polals J avath.w's tase! didn tclci a ocoke wlatajaleratiie sige we Hemp Waste places on the main land.

PLATANACEZ. Platanus occidentalis, L........ Button Wood. Sycamore Goat Island. JUGLANDACEAL. BPME WE CIIRGHGE. Firs Asari ee eee nk Pigs a dean oe Butternut

American side of the River above the Falls. eT) TPM Ly esis died pee ad we Te es elves Black Walnut Near DeVaux College. “Niagara Falls.” Macoun. Carya alba, Nutt.... White Hickory. Shell-bark Hickory Goat Island. Near DeVaux College. “At Queenston Heights and the Falls it constitutes the greater part of the forest.”

Macoun. Carya comentosa, Nutt: cue. see ees Hairy Hickory “Amonest other hickories in the Niagara peninsula.” Macoun. Berea porcine. Nutt ei vis bad oo oat Pignut Hickory

“Queenston Heights and Niagara Falls.” Macown. Remme eae TV MEA BPEL! UN Uti: Lah 88 a Suniele sisi e Payee wwiale cava» Bitter Hickory Goat Island. In the village near the River. Below Lewiston.

BETULACEZ. RUPEE NOTED EINE eee SUNG, Cle aha oie any chaste wis Black Birch _ Goat Island.

epee MEITGOS VINE CNR 8s seek os Gielod Ate Sgr ole Cake ole Yellow Birch Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall.

eeular apy raced, Axt (oc fe WR Paper Birch Goat Island. Below Lewiston.

recs TIGA VINE Fe ns UN ae Nee ly a Ne oie stad Alder Goat Island. Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario.

50

CUPULIFER®. Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. (Carpinus Americana, Michx.) Blue Beech. Goat Island.

Ostrya Virginica, Willd....... Iron Wood. Hop Hornbean Goat Island. Some of the trees very large.

Garvius rostrata, Aah 8000 Bet.) Oe ira Hazelnut Near DeVaux College. Coryius Avetuana, L........... oP Sa Ce ee AA MRED 1 European Finperr

Planted on Luna Island.

PS TOTTU SIRO « Alb? ol CK lacie nee ecto Viele Manne a el Beech

Goat Island. Abundant.

Casvanea vulgaris, Taam 25 dene UE ay ie el cee ieee wee Chestnut var. Americana, A. DC. é Near DeVaux College. Lewiston. Queenston.

DMENCUS Albay Li lato ie oko sak eis Be ee ee White Oak Goat Island; but more abundant near DeVaux College.

Quercus obtusiloba, Michx.!............. .......... Post Oak “ Niagara Falls.” Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 543.

SUSTeUS PINUS Ue i i erie ee ae ae ole Chestnut Oak

“Niagara.” Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 543.

Quercus macrocarpa, Michx ......-.. 06.0. 0.4--de0-. Bur Oak

“Niagara.” Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 543. Quercus prinoides, Willd. (Q. Prinus, L., var. humilis, Gray.) Dwarf Chestnut Oak.

Goat Island. “Common on Queenston Heights and in numerous

places around Niagara.” Macoun.

EEMOTCUS (PUTA) LE is es cis See A ek ei ma Mana ...Red Oak Near Clifton, Ontario. Guercus,,coccinea, Wane...) 000.4. i eee Scarlet Oak

Goat Island. “In the forest along the Niagara river it is an adundant tree.” Macoun.

Quercus tinctoria, Bartram.........5.......--.0-. Quercitron Near DeVaux College. “Not uncommon at Niagara.” Macoun. Guercus palustris, Du Rou, ye) WoW ee ee ard Saas Pin Oak “Wet woods below Queenston Heights.” Macoun. SALICACE. ae tora! Mars ih. 8 ee ie ete ie eR a Bi Black Willow

Goat Island. Moist places near Queenston, Ontario, Macoun,

\ { he: 1S » st ‘ig,

SET LW eh A 4

4 3 51 OTE hil cp a NPs LN RO Shining Willow Goat Island. Near Clifton, Ontario.

em OISCOLOM UNE i yy. eee ake Glaucous Willow . Goat Island. Salix rostrata, Richardson. (S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis, Gray.) Livid Willow. Above éhe Falls en both sides of the River. :

Salix petiolaris, Smith. American side of the River above the Falls.

Salix cordata, Muhl>..)). 0.0 ..20.0.5.. Heart leaved Willow Goat Island. BPeITODITER TOA SL Yoo Mit cae) etch bed «the. apie Sena wie Aue alle a aca) as Basket WILLow

On the American side of the River, above the Falls. “Between Niagara Town and Queenston.” Macoun.

Saurx anpa, L., and Sarix Basynonica, L. are not uncommon in cultivation.

MMUUUSVARBA, (Dike vs cat ak ba tle cs lenis... ABEL.) Waitin PP osmans Near DeVaux College.

RPOBUR CANESCENS) OMMTGM A: 2 5 ssa obs sl.b. os ahs c¥blai's loan deabene bate Wuirrt Porrar Planted as a shade tree in places. This and the last species have been often confounded by American botanists. P. canescens is

much the commoner.

Populus tremuloides, Michx .............. American Aspen Goat Island.

Populus grandidentata, Michx....... Large-toothed Aspen Goat Island. The Three Sisters.

Populus monilifera, Ait.......... Past ie PRN AO Cotton wood

Goat Island and occasionally on both sides of the River, above the Falls to Lake Erie.

Populus balsamifera, L. Wa eanagcarisy Grity sf ov iiss oe ok eos see. 5 Balm of Gilead Lewiston. A single tree near the Ferry landing on the Canadian side ; probably not planted. The typical form may occur in the vicinity of the Falls as it is not uncommon on the islands in the River near Lake Erie. Not yet observed near the Falls.

PROP ORUS, DIVATATAG NES NL. scabs oye ote aes ee de Lomparpy Popiar Planted as a shade tree on the main land and spreading by the root,

52

CONIFERZE.

Thuja occidentalis, L.......... Arbor-vitze. White Cedar Goat Island. Near DeVaux College. The most abundant of the evergreens growing near the Falls.

sapiperus communis, Dj. 0 bee ek ee ee Juniper Goat Island. P a auniperus Virgeiniana, Li: i! .o2 47 ...008 Geena Red Cedar

Goat Island. Apparently disappearing.

Taxus baccata, L., var. Canadensis, Gray..Ground Hemlock

American Yew. Goat Island.

PETTUS SLT OP UES, fEciains wk sic Sue eile te ere ee: Rea eg White Pine . Goat Island. A few specimens. More plentiful and of larger growth near De Vaux College and below. Tsuga Canadensis, Carriere. (Abies Canadensis, Michx.). Hemlock Goat Island. Not a prevailing tree.

HYDROCHARIDACEZE.

Elodea Canadensis, Mich. (Anacharis Canadensis, Planch.)...... Water Snake-Weed.

In the old mill-race above the Falls on the American side and

elsewhere. Vallisneria spiralis, L.............. Tape-grass. EHll-grass With the last. ~ ORCHIDACEAE. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. 0.) 6228 eee ee Coral root Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. | Spiranthes latifolia, Torr........ EDA ON Ladies’ Tresses Wet places near Clifton, Ontario. Spiranthes cernway Richy.) yee ee Ladies’ Tresses

In the same places as the last. Habenaria Hookeri ana, Torr. (Habenaria Hookeri, Torr.) Twa Blade. Near the Whilpool, Ontario. Habenaria hyperborea, R. Br. Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Fall. Cypripedium pubescens, Willd.. Ladies’ Slipper. Moccasin Flower. Near De Vaux College.

53

x Cypripedium parviflorum, Salish... Ladies’ Slipper. Moc- ny casin Flower. Wl Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. i TRIDACEAS. LC OROT) Le.) 3/25, 2 atch LN eee Wee ats alee .. Blue Flag Goat Island. In wet places above the Falls on both sides of the River.

Sisyrinchium anceps, Cay. (Sisyrinchiwm Bermudiana, L. var. anceps, Gray.)..... a CRT Se EL Ken RE See Blue-eyed Grass Near De Vaux College. Sisyrinchium mucronatum, Mich. (Stsyrinchium Bermudiane, L. var. mucronatum, Gray.) Not seen by us. Probably overlooked.

i

SMILACEA. erat eee MOTD ACOH) Pi ee' oneg s sho oe ois Uns large ome Carrion Flower Near De Vaux College. Smilax hispida, Muhl. (Cat-Brier), and Smilax rotundifolia, © L., (Green Brier), have not been observed, but probably may be

found. LILIACE®.

Segre SOYA COGCIIIN HAIG oy. byte di Pe eh a iets Wild Leek Goat Island. Abundant. Allium Canadense, Kalm. Goat Island. Not common.

Polygonatum biflorum, Ell................ Solomon’s Seal ~ Goat Island. _ spe f Smilacina racemosa, Desf ............ False Solomon’s Seal

} Goat Island and elsewhere. Smilacina stellata, Desf. Goat Island. Only the small variety. Maianthemum Canadense, Desf. (Smilacina bifolia, Ker. var. LU TETO SUSE TC hy) CS ee a a Two-leaved Solomon’s Seal a se ECR VOR HUGO ATGIS; hay, 15.05 ticked 3h Pays We) PSs waders ease ogee dalek ASPARAGUS

Goat Island and elsewhere. Not common.

Peete hilagelphicum. Vi .2/.2 2.4 2. jhe 2 so. tak Fire Lily Near De Vaux College.

JSS U SLT STR 17 ais al ee ee a eG Day Liny Near the Cantilever bridge on the Canadian side. Escaped from scultivation. < ir ,

54

Erythronium Americanum, Ker.. Yellow Adder’s-Tongue ~

Goat Island and elsewhere.

Newlaria srandifiora, Smith! ce Mek 0 le wee Bellwort Goat Island.

Oakesia sessilifolia, Watson. (Uvularia sessilifolia, L.)..... Small

Bellwort.

Goat Island.

perepropus .roseus,” Michx. 03.0.) 21 Rs ee Streptopus Goat Island.

mrosartes lanuginosa; Don’... jy. sce, ea ee Prosartes Goat Island.

MoratruIn ViTide Ailes. Li Dnk ys eee. False Helebore

Low grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Chameelirium Carolinianum, Wild. (Chamelirium luteum, Gray.) Devil’s Bit. . Between Stamford and the Whirlpool, Ontario. Abundant. Precloola "Virgzinica, Ti.) kie ede ae ales Cucumber Root Goat Island. Not common. Prilliumierectum), Te. ilo eae Ok. a Purple Trillium Goat Island. var. album, Pursh. With the typical form. Trillium grandifiorum, Salisb....... Large White Trillium Goat Island. Flower with green stripes through the petals frequently produced.

PONTEDERIACE Zi. momrederia, cordata. Tu. lo. ey ae Pickerel Weed Niagara River above the Falls in quiet places. Schollera graminifolia, Willd............. Water Star Grass Not uncommon along the margin of Niagara River near Lake HKrie and likely to be found in places nearer the Falls.

JUNCACEZ. aueala piuosas Willd y\.o ote Weta saan Hairy Wood-Rush Near De Vaux College.

Luzula campestris, DC With the last.

Suncus effusus, Tie... 03) ea Pea ie He aN A ann Soft Rush Above the Falls near the River on the American side. , .

| ) “Pd ¥ ,

55 UCAS OUTER UTR RE IND oo. j0 shee 4W ie areca baly Aid) sia dba be myelolaca ae Rush Tn similar situations as the last. Oke TEVET TS hh U04 Ps I a Rush

Low places on the main land.

PCerGUIRINetUS, Wich. i i... Deal as en els bale otis Rush var. debilis, Engleman. In low grounds.

REVO SSD Mn Scag AM ee a Clal, Jo aici dave hej MiereNd anita s Beg Rush Goat Island, in wet places near the margin of the River. var. megacephalus, Torr. With the last.

Parmous Canadensis, J.Gay. io. ied se apeate o ttlarnes Rush On both sides of the River above the Falls.

TYPHACEA.

SP SHTE Nari oc] a 0 EL ee A Cat-tail Flag At the water’s edge near the foot of the American staircase.

Typha angustifolia, L........ Narrow-leaved Cat-tail Flag Niagara Falls. Clinton.

Sparganium eurycarpum, Engleman........... ..Bur Reed American side of the River above the Falls.

Sparganium simplex, Hudson..................... Bur Reed

With the last. AROIDE.

Ariseema triphyllum, Torr ...Indian Turnip. Jack-in-the- Pulpit.

Goat Island. A large and small variety common.

Pormanara Vircinica, Raf: os oo ee hk Arrow Arum Niagara Falls. Clinton. Not seen by us. Perhaps P. undulata, Raf.

Symplocarpus foetidus, Salisb............. Skunk’s Cabbage Wet places above Clifton, Ontario.

ecorus Calamus, Ti... 0.) 8s 2 Calamus. Sweet Flag With the last.

LEMNACEZ:.

PepIMO EP ISU Co. Mays ee ioe k ie ved bee Wee De Duck’s meat Niagara River above the Falls in quiet places.

Spirodela polyrrhiza, Schleid........ Ba acer Duck’s meat

In similar places ab’ the last.

Wolffia Columbiana, Karst. Niggare River above the Falls. Prof. Kellicott.

te fe See . de eyed ' eh ORE ees oh Nah TA fl See ts 4 nih

56

ALISMACE/. masa, Plan taco. tae.) 3.) eaten ie nt) Water Plantain var. Americana, Gray. Margin of Niagara River above the Falls. Sagittaria variabilis, Engelmann.................: Arrow-Head Above the Falls in wet places on the Canadian side. Sagittaria heterophylla, Pursh.

Niagara River, near LaSalle. Clinton.

Triglochin palustre, L. Wet ground above Clifton, Ontario. Of unusual size.

NATADACE.

eta s NOUS Rost fe OL DE ae og ae Rain aera Naiad Niagara River above the Falls. \

monmichellia palustris, Tie. e 6.) Horned Pondweed Abundant in the upper portion of Niagara River and therefore to t

be expected nearer the Falls.

Potamoreton natans, Wa.) (20s sts Sete eee Se Pondweed ~~ Niagara River near Strawberry Island. Clinton.

Potamogeton hybridus, Michx................... Pondweed Black Creek, Ontario, opposite Grand Island.

Potamogeton rufescens, Schrader................. Pondweed Niagara River. Rev. Thomas Morong.

Potamogeton fluitans. Roth. (P. lonchites, Tuckerman.)..Pond-

weed.

Niagara River. Rev. Thomas Morong.

eotamosecon lucens. L's) .00k CC ie a iss eee Pondweed Niagara River. ;

Potamogeton amplifolius, Tuckerman............. Pondweed Niagara River. Rev. Thomas Morong.

Potamogeton gramineus, Ti... oe oe a Pondweed var. heterophyllus, Fries. Niagara River. var. elongatus, Morong. Niagara River. Rev. Thomas Morong.

Potamogeton preelongus, Wulfen................. Pondweed Niagara. Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 627.

Potamogeton perfoliatus, L..............2.0..... Pondweed var. lanceolatus, Robbins. Niagara River. Rev. Thomas Morong. at

57

' Potamogeton zosterizefolius, Schum. (P.compressus, L.)..Pond- weed. Niagara River. Potamogeton Niagarensis, Tuckerman............ Pondweed “Rapids above the Falls.” Gray’s Manual, (5th Hd.) p. 489. Rediscovered, after many years, in 1886, in the old mill-race above the Falls, on the American side, by the Rev. Thomas Morong. Potamogeton pauciflorus, Pursh................. Pondweed Niagara River. Fotamogeton pusillus, L................5....004. Pondweed Niagara River. Potamogeton pectinatus, L.\.................... Pondweed Niagara River. Potamogeton Robbinsii, Oakes..........4.0..000.4.. Pondweed Niagara River. |Norr.—It is not asserted that all the species of Potamogeton, above named, have yet been detected in the immediate vicinity of the Falls, but as they all occur more or less abundantly in the upper portion of the River (except as noted), they may well be expected nearer the Falls. |

CYPERACE.

Se MGLANOTUS, /POTr \s.4) chose le ees uae Galingale var. castaneus, Torr. Goat Island, on the east side, near the River.

Cyperus esculentus, L. (Cyperus phymatodes, Muhl.)..Galingale Goat Island near the River.

Seemeribs strigosus, Li. 6.2 ee ase ho aie Galingale Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Cyperus filiculmis, Vahl., has probably been overlooked.

Dulichium spathaceum, Richard................. Dulichium Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Eleocharis ovata, R. Br. (“leocharis obtusa, Schult.) .. Spike Rush Near the shores of the River above the Falls.

mecoecharis palustris, R. Br. ::. 0.5 2 es. ded Spike Rush With the last and growing in the water.

Eleocharis tenuis, Schult...............0.-0.005: Spike Rush Damp places above the Falls. .

SS eneachars acicularis, wh Br:..%2 0.5... ess Sk. Spike Rush eee of the River above the Falls on either side. 4 8 ¢

\ !

58 Scirpus planifolius, Muhl.. 0.2. ..00. 0022020), Spike Rush Near De Vaux College. Scirpus DuNeens? Vahl eens eo ke Yt Meee Spike Rush

Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Scirpus lacustris, L. (S. validus, Vahl.)...... Great Bull Rush Margin of the River, on the American side, above the Falls. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. SCINpus, dua viabilisniGrag soy Ake ee Ne Club Rush Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Scirpus atrovirens, Muhl. Wet places along the River above the Falls on either side. Scirpus lineatus, Michx. East side of Goat Island in wet places near the River. Eriophorum cyperinum, L, (Scirpus Eriophorum, Mich.)..Wool Grass. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Carex) polytrichoides, ‘Mubliy()) Weis ea ae Sedge Wet places above Clifton, Ontario.

Carex, Steudellii, Kunth). 3). /). 0 cig elie eae Sedge — Near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex, bromoides, Schikkr! sth wf sau Vie) i eae eae sedge Wet places near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex'vulpinoides, Miche.) nie 4.6. Soi Bean Sedge Above the Falls, on the American side, in low places.

Carex stipatay Mull. Qua ccke ess yolls Ce Sein Ma i are aes Sedge With the last. ‘

Carex rosea,-Sehkm 2) ce ahs GOR Sedge Goat Island in damp places. var. retrofiexa, Torr. (Carex retroflexa, Muhl.)......... Sedge Goat Island in damp places. }

Ga rex SESris.) Willd). 3900 At a erate can a BY pete Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex scoparia; Schkre. wvghAn eve. e ae hide era ehe le eee Sedge

With the last.

Carex tribuloides, Wahl. (Carex lagopodivides, Sehkr.). . sedge With the last. var. cristata, Bailey. (Caren coristata; Sch w.)) fen -tsjsneee Sedge Goat Island.

wa es aN hp Bisex PECRININGH OME ie wa nels chic balaie LAs ad cg eajele e Sedge Near De Vaux College. ‘ BE SMIE GUIS Willd 2 ie elas oe eldaate ds Sedge Margin of the River above the Falls. “ Carex UPR GUA. chy iy) oa Pale soe Ba CDRS. Pee ea RE ee Sedge : Near Clifton, Ontario. 5 TT CS ND CORO a a Sedge h In wet, grassy places on the American side above the Falls. SG! TAM 6 oi.) ah ca So he tale de ltr eo Sedge « Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex MLC RINITE Gin dated penal cin ke mek foam MOINS CON Sedge é Near Clifton, Ontario. Beemeeeranilaris, Mubl.:). 222. ).\.66 0.0m ee eee Sedge a Near Clifton, Ontario. SeeO1G O39. Schley fee ce ik ale pene de en ees Sedge Moist places on the American side above the Falls. MP OPISOR, Wabli sci h ee abe ee dee eh ddlapees Sedge With the last. MGearex virescens, Muhl...............)...3...0- 00. .... Sedge Near De Vaux College. meee miantacines, Tam. jo2) 2). 6 eee n eye eek bes Sedge Near Lewiston. Reeeeerecrocurva, Dew. 2.06) 08 lei Os Sedge Goat’ Island. Buea mlacyphylla, Carey. .).5.) 22s ie eg Ves Sedge Near De Vaux College. Remmi Pitalis, Walhd. eS kee oO ES Ae, .... Sedge Goat Island. Meeecctinifiora’ Tain.) 0.02 te eR Sedge var. plantiginea, Boott. Near De Vaux College. Sn eOUPNOR, Booths. 06/06.) 2).) fj. ee ee Set ee eo Sedge Goat Island, and near De Vaux College. eee Ponmsyivanica. Gam. s30i'. 0... ey. eb eles ee: Sedge Lewiston. CRIMEA INL DM Senses Ns SN os, oe Noss cae Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario. Carex prasina, Wahl. (Carer vieilinaek Bally _ Ens peaks _ Wet plies above Clifton, Ontario. ne x

——_

i i i is

’ » ; 60 Carex debilis) Michx 2: ewer a hos oe Sedge With the last. . Carex Cidert) RetZo ian eee ie wees aie nee eee .... Sedge

Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe Fall. Niagara. Provancher, Flore Canadienne, p. 658.

Carex riparia, Curtis). ones eeeg er Osada: A). ag Sedge Eastern side of Goat Island.

Carex: trichecarpa, Mabl) (ih ic:s 3S Baan inn ihe eee Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex comosa))Boott io) O60 oe ra a na 8 ae nea Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex intumescéens, Rudge.49 6. fo. 2 baa ee Sedge Near Clifton, Ontario.

Carex lupulina, Mubhls oc) jac aheie aor wed ae Sedge

Wet grounds above the Falls on either side.

Carex rostrata, With. var. utriculata, Bailey. (Carex utriculata,

BOOTED So/eiccahd aT ION BRO Nae ODN Det ata ns AY OO Sedge With the last.

| Nore.—It-is not unlikely that a number of other species of this large and difficult genus may still be found in the vicinity of the Falls; and, as our specimens have not been submitted to any one who has made the Carices a special study, it is quite probable that some of our determina- tions may prove erroneous. |

GRAMINEAS.

IRANICUM GRABRUM, GAUdin Me Myers Ce Oe eke hy ea ere Panic Grass

Road sides on the main land.

E-ASTOUM: SANGUENAIE, Dui. 2y BOS ae Crap Grass. Panic Grass Above the Falls on the American side of the River. Panicum ‘capillare.Wuhi) ae Nene ee aa Witch Grass

A garden weed on the main land.

Panicum. vargeatuim Gris Soha ee eee Panic Grass Wet grounds near Clifton, Ontario. Dry places near De Vaux College. The latter an unusual situation.

Panicum ‘Tatifoliuim,: Aree emer en eee Panic Grass > Near De Vaux College.

Panicum clandestinum, L..................:... Panic Grass Goat Island.

Panicum. dichotomumy di; 9 A ee eee Panic Grass”

Near De Vaux College.

61

Panicum depauperatum, Muhl..... ............ Panic Grass | Goat Island and the Three Sisters in rocky places.

MMPMIOUM ORUS-GALIT, Tne pe ee eee eee Bary-Yarp Grass C Waste places on the main land.

a MMIEA VIRIDIS, DCR. eke ek eee cee GREEN Fox-rain Grass ; RY

Above the Falls on the American side.

eepartina cynosurioides, Willd...............5... Cord Grass ’ Margin of the River above the Falls on either side. MIRC UaALICA, DL... 6... ee ee et a oe chines Wild Rice id Niagara River above the Falls. _Leersia Virginica, Willd............. peste ie White Grass ‘ Goat Island. Buueersia oryzoides, Swartz.................... Rice Cut Grass

Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. a Andropogon provincialis, Lam. (4. furcatus, Muhl.)....Beard Grass.

4 Near De Vaux College. _ Andropogon Scoparius, Michx i) )%. ys Ue Beard Grass *. Near De Vaux College. - Chrysopogon nutans, Benth. (Sorghum nutans, Gray.). .Indian Grass. Near DeVaux College.

emalaris arundinacea, Li. ...:.:5........ Reed Canary Grass \" Near Clifton, Ontario. Islands in the River above the Falls. _ Oryzopsis melanocarpa, Muhl.............. Mountain Rice

Near the Whirlpool, Ontario.

Oryzopsis asperifolia, Michx................. Mountain Rice Goat Island. Near DeVaux College. _ Oryzopsis juncea, Michx. (Oryzopsis Canadensis, Torr.).. Mountain wen Rice. Near Lewiston.

- Muhlenbergia glomerata, Trin............. Drop-seed Grass i Niagara Falls. Clinton. _ Muhilenbergia Mexicana, Trin............. Drop-seed Grass

Niagara Falls. Clintoh.

Muhlenbergia sylvatica, Torr. and Gray. ... Drop-seed Grass Foster’s Flat, Ontario. Clinton.

eS Muhienbergia Willdenovii, Trin.......... Drop-seed Grass — Lewiston.

Le

CEA IRE eho party | ORAS ARADO. MUTANS aS ENO NaS SUPT carl FA0 Fy Mah ee ) Yemen in MaMa Wes Di ug ta ny PART UA ARO ONS Sa } Ributs ao Hi ‘ Naa iON

\ bay

i\ Lk

62 Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreb.............--.+- Nimble Will Near the Whirlpool, Ontaria. Clinton. ; Muhlenbergia capillaris, Kunth. ............... Hair Grass

“On the talus below the Falls on the American side.” Clinton.

Brachyelytrum aristatum, Beaud. Goat Island. Near De Vaux College.

(Pet NE PRAWTENSH.) ys. 226. 2 ee eA alae Ag See TimorHy Goat Island and the main land. ! Alopecurus geniculatus, L ................. Fox-tail Grass

Near the lower Suspension bridge, Ontario.

Sporobolus vagineeflorus, Vasey. (Vilfa vagineflora, Torr.).. Rush Grass. Lewiston. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario.

Agrostis perennans, Tuckerman.................. Thin Grass

Lewiston. f ‘ A erostis seabra;, Willd: (6 fo. 00 A es ae Hair Grass

Near DeVaux College. Agrostis alba, L. (Agrostis vulgaris, With.)..... Red Top Grass ©

Grassy places. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Vas Vill wari, Whats No 3 eda ma ee hn Ral ve aaa Fiorin

Margin of the River above the Falls on the American side.

Cinna arundinacea, De. enor Hari we Bee Reed Grass Near Clifton, Ontario. ;

Deyeuxia Canadensis, Beauv. (Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv.) Blue-joint Grass. Goat Island, on the water’s edge. Deschampsia flexuosa, Griseb. (Aira flexuosa, L.)....Common Hair Grass. Near DeVaux College.

Deschampsia cespitosa, Beauv. (Aira cespitosa, L.)...... Hair Grass.

Goat Island.

Avena striatas! Mach Cui ee wl leis | Svea Seana Wild Oat Lewiston and elsewhere.

PAVIA) SATIVA, d,s 25a ahs Mietiedetie adh hem tale arene Oe Oe Cui Rik Sp nee Oar Road sides above the Falls. Not persistent.

Danthonia spicata, Beawv i) 4) oe el ee Wild Oat Grass —

Near DeVaux College. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario.

"Phragmites OMAN ee Pani a isc sa eel hie SN Reed ya Niagara River above the Falls.

matonia Pennsylyamica, Grays. eee ie Eatonia Moist places above the Falls.

_ Dacrynis Giomerata, RS ee Meal tikatonk stems Lene Aap Mae Orcuarp Grass ie Above the Falls on the American side. 4 ee ala muea tiene ete aa Low Spear Grass P X, Goat Island and the main land. Remeacompressa,L..... ee, Wire Grass a Goat Island and the main land. a STE ae A A False Red Top ~~ ~Wet grounds above Clifton, Ontario. . Poa pratensis, L..... Common Meadow Grass. Kentucky Blue Grass. Goat Island. Poa debilis, Torr. a Near De Vaux College. es Poa alsodes, Gray. ; HH Near De Vaux College. mmciyceria nervata, Trin..............5. Fowl-Meadow Grass

Above the Falls on both sides of the River. Glyceria pallida, Trin. - Niagara river above the Falls on the American side. Glyceria arundinacea, Kunth. (G4. aquatica, Smith.)...... Reed Meadow Grass. Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. Old mill-race above the Falls on the American side. 4 ‘Festuca duriuscula, L. (F. ovina, L., var. duriuscula, Gray.) Sheep’s Fescue.

ey Goat Island. | rE IOR hy ee eel he ad Merapow Ferscur ee Goat Island. eee tnuanS.) Spreng Cee. ot bs Pela cee seed odes Fescue .

Near DeVaux College. Lewiston.

ey eae Medi Acinks Vii a wat teat Tot Bey (A b YS Sar ‘ . -- FE TOS OS GTES SANSA Shee om a OE A ¥

ME ea rene 64 ISROMUS: RACEMOSUBy) Tah.) Me Re 2/2) i CHESS Fields near Lewiston. Bromus Kalmis Gray. .e; wy aes. ie hae Wild Chess * Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Bromus cilftatuss Diy) ye oe ere ole eee Wild Chess | Near De Vaux College. ; Loxium TEMULENTUM, d SPR NRUR PRU TNR AeA aA Fle UC a eat Bearvep Darnen f Near the landing of the old steamer “Maid of the Mist,” on the American side. Clinton. Agropyrum repens, Beauv. (Triticum repens, L.)....... Couch, Quitch, or Quick Grass. Road sides near Clifton, Ontario. Agropyrum caninum, R. and 8. (Triticum caninum, L.)..Awned Wheat Grass. Goat Island. iyanuUs: Vireinieuss Ta va eee, Mis eal aoe ea cram Lyme Grass. On either side of the River above the Falls. Biymus Canadensisy Givi. igo een anee eee Lyme Grass Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. ROLY IMUS (‘SCA GES, Wall) hed elatlenn Vga eat sre Lyme Grass Near De Vaux College. Asprella Hystrix, Willd. (Gynostichum Hystrix, Schreb.). ‘Rottles Brush Grass. EQUISETACEA. MOQUISSTUM BrVeENSes Le sie es a ee Ae Horse-Tail Goat Island and elsewhere. Bguaisetum | limospm, Wy) yee en tee eatin ule ee Horse-Tail Islands of Niagara River. Clinton. Bonwisetum palustre, i447. a se is AC eee Horse-Tail Wet places above Clifton, Ontario. Equisetum hyemale, L...................... Scouring Rush Near the Whirlpool, Ontario, and elsewhere. Equisetum variegatum, Schleicher. Goat Island. Wet places above the Falls, on the Canadian side. Equisetum scirpoides, Michx. Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. \ ‘ # ‘ a 'y Ay Weed fs » jh

65 OPHIOGLOSSACE AE. y Botrychium Virginianum, Swartz. (B. Virginicum, Swartz.) } Moonwort. Goat Island and elsewhere. ’ Botrychium ternatum, Swartz.................... Moonwort ; var. intermedium, D.C. Eaton. (B. lunarioides, D. C. Eaton.) P Near Clifton, Ontario. * Ophioglossum vulgatum, L................ Adder’s Tongue a Occurs on Grand Island, and may, therefore, be confidently looked } for in favorable situations near the Falls. * eS FILICES.

Onoclea Struthiopteris, Hoffm. (Struthiopterrs Germanica, Willd.) Ostrich Fern. Goat Island and elsewhere.

Praoclen Sensibilis) To. 3. ih ee ey eee Sensitive Fern Goat Island and elsewhere.

MOR POA LIS, Ta oi il Ty hk sn Royal Fern Goat Island. Not common. Near Clifton, Ontario.

wsmunda Claytoniana, b.i).... 0.0.2.6 020. Interrupted Fern Near Clifton, Ontario.

Pamunda clinnamomed;, Li, ii... kc. Cinnamon Fern

Near Clifton, Ontario. Cystopteris fragilis, Swartz.

Between Lewiston and Youngstown. Near De Vaux College. Cystopteris bulbifera, Bern................... Bladder Fern

Goat Island and along the American stair-case. Near the Whirl- pool, Ontario.

Aspidium Noveboracense, Swartz.......... New York Fern Goat Island.

mopidium Thelypteris, Lb... 2.0.2.5 026665554... Shield Fern Goat Island.

Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz....... ......... Shield Fern

var. intermedium, D. C. Eaton. Near Clifton, Ontario.

Aspidium cristatum, Swartz.......2............. Shield Fern Foster’s Flat, Ontario. >

9

66 ¢ Aspidium'Goldianum, Hooky 0.00) )00 20004, Shield Fern 3 Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. an eae Aspidium marginale, Swartz.................... Shield Fern Goat Island. Devil’s Hole. Foster’s Flat, Ontario. ree | Aspidium Lonchitis, Swartz..................... Shield Fern «“Sparingly at Foster’s Flat,” Ontario. Burgess. a Aspidium achrostichoides, Swartz.......... Christmas Fern Goat Island. Near De Vaux College. Lewiston. \ ce ‘ Phegopteris Dryopteris, Fée.................0-- Beech Fern 4 Devil’s Hole. i Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Link............ Walking Fern } Not uncommon near the Whirlpool, Ontario. Foster’s Flat, Ontario. Near De Vaux College, but rare. jigs Scolopendrium vulgare, Smith......... Hart’s tongue Fern Introduced in one place in the gorge of the River by Judge P Clinton several years ago. ; fs Asplenium Trichomanes, L.................... Spleen wort Near De Vaux College. Foster’s Flat, Ontario. . Asplenium ebeneum, Ait...................05.. Spleen wort Near De Vaux College, but rare. Near Lewiston, abundant. Asplenium achrostichoides, Swartz. (Asplenium thelypteroides, BV RN NMI rok 4 Coke et ts AN Wy ced 1 EW aaa Spleen wort | Near the Whirlpool, Ontario. P = _ Asplenium Filix-foemina, Bern................. Lady-Fern Foster’s Flat, Ontario. : elleca ‘eracilis: Hook, - 04.0. 21) PA a Cliff-Brake . “Crevices of rocks at Foster’s Flat,’ Ontario. Burgess. Not seen by us. - Pellwa atropurpurea, Link .....................- Cliff-Brake Formerly on Goat Island and the Three Sisters. Not lately seen j by us. Probably extirpated. Near De Vaux College. , Foster's Flat, Ontario. Rare. Pteris aquilina, Li... /.2. vets e.. Senate: Wie Common Brake Near De Vaux College and at Lewiston. TG the Adiantum pedatum, Li j0..%. sou. Tee. Maiden-Hair Fern | ; Goat Island. Not abundant. Near Clifton, Ontario. Poly podiam Vuleare, Va. i eos srae,s «thn, oleae Oaeeante Polypody — Goat Island. The Three Sisters. Near De Vaux Qollege. Lewiston. +

67

LYCOPODIACEZ. Lycopodium lucidulum, Michx. Lycopodium dendroideum, Michx. Lycopodium complanatum, L.

No species of Lycopodium (or Ground Pine) has been seen by us in the immediate vicinity of the Falls. Yet it is likely that the three species here mentioned may be found, as they are not rare elsewhere in Western New York.

SELAGINELLACEA.

Selaginella ruprestis, Spring..... ........ Rock Selaginella Cliffs of Niagara River near the Devil’s Hole.

Selaginella Apus, Spring................- ‘++. ... Selaginella Goat Island near the Horse-shoe Falls. Damp grounds on both sides of the River above the Falls.

Isoetes echinospora, Duiren................... ...Quill wort var. Braunii, Englemann. Not seen by us; but occurring in the River above the Falls. Clinton. HYDROPTERIDES.

SMI CH UAT LPO Bae a0 0.4 isons ha hs ealgte old Warbe Marsilia Introduced into the Niagara River above the Falls and in a pool near Lewiston.

emia Caroliniana, Willd. 2. 22 .l6. see. Bc ae cae Azolla “At a saw-mill half a mile above the village.” Niagara. Dr. Robbins.

Nore.— The unnamed species of Tilia, herein referred to seems to be only a variety of Tilia Americana, L. July 26, 1888.

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