?A AND FAUNA

RTY Mil

HA

ER, N. H.

p

^^^^ift^

^-^r^^M^

... ^^^i*"

,'^^W^J-^l^'^'^

Republican Press Ass n, 1
Printing and Binding, ;|i
Concord, N. H. ,jj

A CATALOQUE

FLOWERING PLANTS

AND

HIGHER CRYPTOGAMS,

Both Native and Ixtroduced, found within about thirty
MILES OF Hanover, N. H., including a few Culti-
vated Species, to which is appended

A List of Vertebrate Animals of the
Same Region.

BY

HENRY G. JESUP, A.M.,

Professor of Natural History.

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR
1891.

Directions for Collecting and Preserving Plants and for
the Formation of an Herbarium.

1. A complete specimen will represent the root, stem, leaves, flowers, and
fruit.

2. Collect small plants, like the Violet, entire.

3. When the leaves of the stem and the root differ, as in some Buttercups,
get both.

4. If the staminate and the pistillate flowers are on different plants, as in
Thalictrum (Rue), or on different parts of the same plant, as in the Butternut,
look for both.

5. Plants of the Mustard Family (Cruciferas) and the Parsley Family
(Umbelliferae), with all Rushes and Sedges, are classified by the frtiit.
Grasses may be gathered \\\ flower.

6. Ferns should be in fruit, and when the sterile and fertile fronds differ, as
in Osmunda, get both.

7. Thick roots and stems can be split in two, and one half only be pre-
served.

8. Arrange the plant to be dried in a folded sheet of thin, bibulous paper,
and do not disturb it until dry. Let thick pads of drying paper alternate with
these single sheets, and then place the whole under pressure. Change the
drying pads every day or two, and dry as rapidly as practicable.

9. These dried plants attached to sheets of paper by strips of surgeon's
plaster or by glue, fully ticketed with name, when and where and by whom
collected, and arranged in Orders and Genera as in the Manual, constitute an
Plerbarium.

Summary of Species.

Polypetals 323

Gamopetals 312

Apetals Ill

Angiosperms 746

Gymnosperms 15

E.xogens 761

Endogens 335

Phaenogams 1096

Cryptogams 65

Total number of species in the Flora proper 1161

Cultivated species and genera . . .* 115

A^ll

PKEFACE.

The followmg Catalogue is intended to include, so far as known, the Flora
within about thirty miles radius of the town of Hanover, New Hampshire, a
circuit extending to and embracing the mountain peaks Moosilauke and
Kearsarge in New Hampshire, and Killington in Vermont. The outlying towns
intersected by the circumference of the circle, beginning with the southern
limit and the Connecticut river, are, in New Hampshire, Charlestown, Acworth,
Lempster, Goshen, Newbury, Sutton, Andover, Hill, New Hampton, Bristol,
Bridgewater, Plymouth, Campton, Ellsworth, Benton, and Haverhill. Con-
tinuing the circuit on the Vermont side of the river, the towns are Newbury,
Topsham, Orange, Williamstown, Brookfield, Braintree, Rochester, Pittsfield,
Chittenden, Mendon, Shrewsbury, Mt. Holly^ Ludlow, Chester, and Spring-
field. The region thus indicated is divided nearly equally between the two
adjoining states by their common boundary the Connecticut river, and includes
a variety of soil, climate, and location sufficient to furnish a home for a major-
ity of the plants of northern New England, except those peculiar to the sea-
shore and the higher mountains.

The only river of any considerable size is the Connecticut, running from
north to south throughout the entire district, a distance of sixty miles or more.
Numerous tributaries join this river on both sides, the largest of which, in
Vermont, are the Ompompanoosuc which empties in Norwich, the White
river at White River Junction, the Ottoquechee in Hartland, afew miles from
whose mouth is the deep gorge known as " Quechee Gulf," and the Black
river in Springfield. In New Hampshire, the Mascoma, the outlet of Mascoma
Lake, joins the Connecticut in West Lebanon, and the Sugar river in Clare-
mont. The Pemigewasset and other streams which form the head waters of
the Merrimack river, moreover, reach some towns in the eastern part of the
district.

The larger sheets of water included are, in New Hampshire, Sunapee
lake. Newfound lake, and Mascoma lake, or Enfield pond. Sunapee lake,
in the towns of Sunapee, Newbury, and New London, is about seven miles
long, and at one point two and one half miles broad, and is a well known
summer resort. Newfound lake in the towns of Hebron, Bridgewater, and
Bristol, is less known, but is a fine sheet of water, six miles perhaps in length,
and three miles in extreme breadth, and very nearly as large as Sunapee.
Mascoma lake or Enfield pond is somewhat smaller, being four and a half
miles long by rather more than half a mile in width.

On the Vermont side there is little to correspond with the above. Fairlee
pond or Morey lake in the town of Fairlee, and Fau'lee lake, partly in the
same town, are both comparatively small. The purity of the water in these
larger lakes, and their commonly bold or gravelly shores, are not favorable to
the accumulation of much aquatic vegetation, but even here the botanist will

IV PREFACE.

find some plants, like Bidens Beckii (Water Marigold) for instance, not found
elsewhere, and all these lakes will repay exploration. It is the smaller ponds
and adjoining marshes, rich with decaying vegetation, that more abundantly
reward the persevering herbalist. Of these, also, there are more on the east-
ern side of the Connecticut river than on the western side. Not a few of
them are high up among the hills, visited very seldom and by very few, but in
these high and cool bogs there still is found the remains of a vegetation that
long since deserted the warmer lowlands. Here are the rarer Sedges and
Grasses, Sarracenia (Pitcher Plant), and Orchids, besides Ericaceous plants
like Azalea, Rhodora, Andromeda, and Ledum (Labrador Tea), as well as
others of equal interest. Periods of drought seldom reach these rich and
moist garden spots.

Of the three mountain peaks referred to above, Moosilauke in Benton, N. H.,
4,811 ft. in altitude, is the only one having a treeless summit of any consid-
erable extent, suggestive of Alpine plants, and there a few species appear,
such as Arenaria Grcetilandica (Mountain Sandwort), Loiseleiiria p7-oaimbens
(Alpine Azalea), Vaccinmm Vitis-Idcra (Mountain Cranberry), Vaccinium
iiliginostim (Bog Bilberry), and Solidago alphia (Alpine Golden-rod), etc.
Kearsarge Mt. near Salisbury, N. H., and Killington Mt., with the adjoining
peaks in Sherburne and Mendon, Vt., are well wooded nearly to their sum-
mits, and have upon them little or nothing strictly alpine. The same is
true of Mt. Ascutney near Windsor, Vt., and the same may be said of Cube
Mt. in Orford, and Smart's Mt. in Lyme, N. H. This latter elevation is pecu-
liar in this, that the timber on the summit, instead of being stunted and worth-
less, is of full marketable size. Cardigan Mt. in Orange, N. H., has a con-
spicuous treeless summit, but little truly Alpine, unless we except Vaccinium
Vitis-Idcea, has been reported from there. It is probable that a more careful
exploration might result in some new discoveries on any or all of these
mountains.

In addition to the lakes and mountains, numerous streams are found within
the district on whose banks and in whose waters are forms of vegetation
peculiar to such localities and to them alone. Rivers like the Connecticut,
with numerous tributaries, are great highways for the distribution of both
seeds and growing plants. Every freshet bears these along in its swift cur-
rent, and transports them many miles from the place of their origin. They
are stranded on the shore, or find a home in the still pools along the margin
of the stream, and once established may remain indefinitely. This explains
the presence of Astragalus alpinus (Alpine-Vetch) on the rocks at Sumner's
Falls in Plainfield, N. H. — a plant of the far north — together with Astragalus
Robbinsii, a species of equal interest. When, moreover, the river recedes
during a period of drought, the shore that is laid bare supjDlies conditions
under which a still different vegetation makes its appearance. Ranuncuhis
Flamjnula, var. repians (Creeping Buttercup) then spreads its green carpet
dotted with yellow stars upon the sand ; and other plants, that are shut out of
their needed supply of oxygen by high water, begin once more to flourish.

Plants are as migratory as any other of the world's inhabitants. They are
always ready to make use of the same great thoroughfares and of the same

PREFACE. V

means of transportation. Ever}' new railroad or canal or highway opens for
them a direct line of communication with regions not yet visited, and they in-
stantly make use of them all. Every steamship or sailing vessel, whether
from across the ocean or coasting along our own shores, aids in the distribu-
tion, while all these and similar agencies are but supplementary to those
which, entirely apart from civilization, are in constant operation.

The early inhabitants of New England had scarcely landed on our shores
before they found that the Ox-eye Daisy and the Dandelion, together with
the Buttercups and Docks and Plantains and a score of similar emigrants
from the old world, had accompanied them. And when the tide of travel
advanced westward toward the Mississippi river, not only did these same
plants follow the same route, but in due time the plants of the prairie, like
Riidbeckia hirta (Yellow Daisy or Cone-flower) began to appear in Eastern
meadows. These introduced plants are sometimes of great value, like the
Grasses and Clovers, but commonly they are the so called weeds of the farm
and the garden, and come unbidden and unwelcome. Some come to stay,
"Others that appear occasionally about our manufacturing establishments, per-
sist for a time only, but finally disappear to be followed very likely by a new
importation. Plants of this kind are in some respects more interesting than
those of our native Flora, not only because we come more directly in contact
with them, but because each has a history behind it and around it, which serves
to illustrate the beginnings and the development of that portion of the country
where it has found a new home.

The fields and open woodlands, the roadsides and fence rows, are naturally
first visited by the plant collector because easily accessible, but every nook
and corner, whether in sunshine or in shade, in its season, has its own share
of vegetable as well as animal life, and the lover of Nature who would become
thoroughly acquainted with her treasures seeks them everywhere, for the
simple reason that they may be found everywhere. The Flora of no section
of our country will ever be known so completely that nothing more shall
remain to be learned about it. No surprising discoveries of new species may
be made, though of this we dare not be too sure, but new chapters in the history
of well known plants may be opened, newly arrived immigrants noted, new
varieties found, new facts as to distribution and new economical uses as-
certained, as well as new relations between the species and its environment
in illustration of the conflict all plants are making successfully or unsuc-
cessfully for an existence. For reasons like these a region which has been
as long settled and is as well known as the one embraced in this Catalogue
will never be without interest to the naturalist.

The relation of what is here called the Hanover Flora to the general New
England Flora calls for some brief notice. Thirty miles south of Hanover, in
the towns of Charlestown, N. H., and Springfield, Vt., some of the trees and
shrubs so common a little farther south in both of these states have already
reached their northern limit, and begin to disappear from the native woods.
The Chestnut and the Shagbark Hickory are no longer abundant. The sea-
son is too short for any considerable quantity of fruit to reach perfection, and
seedlings are rare. Trees of these two kinds when planted in sheltered localities

VI PREFACE.

may attain considerable age and size. A single chestnut of exceptional
size may be seen in Norwich, Vt., five feet eight inches in diameter, and more
than fifty years old, but it was planted where it now stands, and the chestnuts
are of little value. An occasional Shagbark Hickory of moderate size may
also be met with, though the Pignut Hickory is not infrequent in the woods,
and the Bitternut Hickory ascends the Connecticut as far north as Wells
river. The Black Birch, and the Grey Birch, as well as the Pitch Pine, are
rare north of Hanover and not common in its vicinity, while the Sycamore
or Buttonwood is nowhere seen in a wild state. To the above may be added
as decidedly rare, the Sassafras, the Spice Bush [Lindera], the Flowering Dog-
wood [Cormis florida), the Red Cedar, and the common Juniper, together
with many other trees and shrubs that fifty miles south of Hanover may be
common.

On the other hand, as the traveller advances thirty miles northward from
Hanover, another class of aborescent vegetation appears, that either is not
found at all southward, or at least is not abundant. Here the White Cedar
becomes plentiful and very valuable, the Tamarack or American Larch fills
the swamps, and the White Spruce occasionally appears, while the Black
Spruce covers the lower mountain tops, the Paper Birch adorns the hillsides,
the Green Alder is found by the streams and in the ravines, and the Elder
has red berries more commonly than black ones. Additional illustrations
might readily be given, but the above will indicate what changes may be noted
within sixty miles only of latitude.

The first and preliminary edition of this Catalogue was issued in 18S2.
Since that time some additional explorations of the region have been made,
very much increasing the list of names and supplying much valuable infor-
mation.

In order to make the Catalogue as useful as possible to the author's classes
in Natural History, for whom primarily it has been prepared, there have been
added the names of such plants as are most commonly met with in cultivation,
arranged under their respective Orders. These do not properly belong to the
Flora, and are distinguished from the rest either by the arrangement of the
type or by being enclosed in square brackets. Their description will be found
in Gray^s Field, Forest, and Garden Botany, while the description of plants
belonging to the Flora proper will be found in Gray's Manual of the Botany
of the Noi'thern United States, Sixth Edition, i8go. The synonyms refer to
the fifth edition of the same Manual. The names of introduced and culti-
vated species are printed in small capitals. The local or English name of
each plant has been added so far as known. And as an additional aid to the
student, brief directions have been given ior collecting and //'i^j-^rz//;/^ plants
and for \.\\t. formation of an Herba7'ium. Localities not designated are in New
Hampshire.

In the preparation of the previous edition of the Flora, free use was made
of a Catalogue of New Hampshire plants compiled for the Geological Survey
of the State by Wm. F. Flint, and a large amount of information and personal
assistance was contributed by Nathan Barrows, M. D., then of Meriden.
From the Vermont side of the Connecticut river some rare species were

PREFACE. Vn

reported from North Pomfret by Prof. A. P. Morgan; from Sharon by E. K.
Baxter, M. D. ; and from Union Village by Ferdinand Blanchard, M. D. ;
while Mt, Ascutney and the vicinity of Windsor were thoroughly explored by
George H. Leland.

For the present edition it has been found necessary to rewrite and rearrange
a large part of the Flora to correspond with the changes in both classification
and nomenclature found in the last edition of the Manual referred to above.
As the work has been in progress, important aid has generously been furnished
by the author's numerous friends and correspondents in various parts of the
country — too numerous to be mentioned individually — and he would here
convey to them his hearty thanks. The students who year by year have been
connected with his classes have done their share also in bringing this Flora
to its present completeness. The names of very many of these contributors,
both correspondents and students, will be found in their appropriate places in
the following pages.

The List of Vertebrate Animals found within the same district as the Flora,
originally given in the edition of 1882, was prepared by Prof. T. W. D.
Worthen, with the assistance of Prof. B. T. Blanpied and Prof. C. S. Cook,
and was intended for use with Jordan's Vertebrates of the Northern United
States as published in 18S0.

The List here given has also been prepared by Prof. Worthen who has em-
bodied his own notes made since the previous edition was issued, as well as
some additional information* furnished by other naturalists, residents now or
of late in this vicinity, whose names are given in connection with the items
reported by them. To Prof. Worthen and to these gentlemen cordial thanks
are rendered.

The classification adopted is that of the Fifth and Revised Edition of Jor-
dan's Vertebrates of 1 888, involving very many changes in both names and
general arrangement. The above book must therefore be consulted for full
descriptions.

The accompanying map, contributed by the students, indicates clearly the
region represented by the Flora and Fauna.

Additions and corrections are solicited, and will always be welcome.

H. G. J.
Hanover, N. H., Jan. 23, 1891.

MAP OF THE REGION WITHIN THIRTY MILES OF HANOVER, N. H.

■^•

-b^>:

iri/i

h^

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

SERIES 1.
PH^NOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS.

Class I. DICOTYLEDONOUS or EXOGENOUS PLANTS.
Subclass L ANGIOSPERM^.

Division L POLYPETALOUS EXOGENS.

Order i. RANUNCULACEJE. Crowfoot Family.

Clematis, L. Virgin's Bower.

C. Virginiana, L. River-banks, etc.; common.

C. verticillaris, DC. Open woods. Windsor, Vt., G. H. Lei and ; Hart-
land, Vt., W. W. Eggleston ; Lyme, N. H., Z. A. Norris ; rare.
Anemone, Tourn. Wind-Flower. Anemone.

A. cylindrica. Gray. Pomfret, Windsor, and Norwich, Vt. ; not abundant.

A. Virginiana, L. Woods and roadsides ; common.

A. nemorosa, L. Margin of woods ; common.
Hepatica, Dill. Liver-leaf. Liverwort.

H. triloba, Chaix. Woods. More common southward.

H. acutiloba, DC. Woods. The more abundant species.
Anemonella, Spach. Rue-Anemone.

A. thalictroides, Spach. (Thalictrum anemonoides, Michx.) Claremont,
Dr. N. Barrows ; rare.

Thalictrum, Tourn. Meadow-Rue.

T. dioicum, L. (Early-Rue.) Rocky woods; common.
T. polygamum, Muhl. (T. Cornuti, Gray's Manual, 5th ed.) — (Late-Rue.)
Wet meadows : common.

2 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Raminculus, Tourn. Crowfoot. Buttercup.

R. circinatus, Sibth. (R divaricatus, Manual, 5th ed.) — (White Water-
Crowfoot.) Cold streams and ponds. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; rare.

R. aquatilis, L., var. trichophyllus. Gray. (White Water-Crowfoot.) Slow
streams. Dr. Barrows ; rare.

R. multifidus, Pursh. (Yellow Water-Crowfoot.) Hanover, N. H. ; Nor-
wich, Vt. ; rare.

R. Flammula, L., var. reptans, E. Meyer. (Small Creeping-Crowfoot)
Sandy shore of Conn, river ; shore of pond. New London, H. E. Sargent.

R. abortivus, L. (Small-flowered Crowfoot.) Common.

R. sceleratus, L. North Charlestown, Dr. Graves ; rare.

R. recurvatus, Poir. (Hooked Crowfoot.) Common.

R. fascicularis, Muhl (Early C.) North Charlestown, Dr. Graves.

R. septentrionalis, Poir. (R. repens, Manual, 5th ed.) — (Large Creep-
ing-Crowfoot.) Wet meadows ; common.

R. Pennsylvanicus, L. (Bristly Crowfoot.) W^et places; common.

R. BULBOSUS, L. Hanover, F. P. Comings ; Meriden, Dr. Barrows ; Nor-
wich, Vt., Dr. Blanchard ; Chelsea, Vt., J. M. Co7nstock.

R. ACRis, L. Common Buttercup. This and the above, European weeds.

Caltha, L. Marsh-Marigold. Cowslips.

C. palustris, L. Hanover and Lebanon, N. H.; Norwich, Vt. ; etc.; com-
mon.
Coptis, Salisb. Gold-thread.

C. trifolia, Salisb. Wet woods ; common.
Aquilegia, Tourn. Columbine.

A. Canadensis, L. Rocks ; common.

Cimicifuga, L. Bugbane.

C. racemosa, Nutt. (Black Cohosh.) C\2s&ccvo\\\., Dr. Barrows ; very rare.

Actsea, L, Baneberry.

A. spicata, L., var. rubra. Ait. (Red Baneberry.) Rich woods; common.

A. alba, Bigel. (White Baneberry.) A little later in flowering.
[Among cultivated plants of this Order are various species of Anemone,

Clematis, Aquilegia (Columbine), Delphinium (Larkspur), Aconitum
(Monkshood), P^onia (Pseony), Ranunculus, etc.]

Order 2. MENISPERMACEJE. Moonseed Family,

Menispermum, L. Moonseed.

M. Canadense, L. Claremont, both sides Conn, river. Dr. Barrows.

Order 3. BERBERIDACEJE. Barberry Family.

Berberis, L. Barberry.

B. vulgaris, L. More commonly cultivated than wild ; from Europe.

Caulophyllum, Michx. Blue Cohosh.

C. thalictroides, Michx. Rich woods ; common.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 3

Podophyllum, L. Mandrake.

P. peltatum, L. Hanover, N. H. ; Norwich, Vt., E. A. Mack ; doubtless
introduced.

Order 4. NYMPHJEACE^. Water-Lily Family.

Brasenia, Sclireber, Water-shield.

B. peltata, Pursh. In ponds.

Nymphsea, Tourn. White Water-Lily.
N. odorata. Ait. In ponds ; common.

Nuphar, Smith. Yellow Pond-Lily.

N. advena, Ait. (Cow Lily.) Everywhere common.

var. minus, Morong. (N. rubrodiscum, Morong.) Squam Lake, Jestip. A
hybrid, probably, between N. advena and the next species ; interme-
diate in size, with stigmas crenately toothed and bright red or crimson.
N. Kalmianum, Ait. (N. luteum, var. pumilum. Man., 5th ed.) Han-
over, N. H. ; Dr. Barrozvs ; Sherburne, Vt., W. W. Eggleston.

Order 5. SARRACENIACEiE. Piicher-Plant Family.

Sarracenia, Tourn. Pitcher-Plant. Side-Saddle Flower.

S. purpurea, L. Lebanon, Meriden, and New London, N. H.; Norwich and
. Sharon, Vt. In peat bogs ; not rare.

Order 6. PAP AVERAGES. Poppy Family.

Sanguinaria, Dill. Blood-root.

S. Canadensis, L. Borders of rich woods ; common.

Chelidonium, L. Celandine.

C. MAjus, L. Near dwellings and fences ; from Europe.

Order 7. FUMARIACE-^. Fumitory Family.

Adlumia, Raf. Mountain Fringe. Climbing Fumitory.

A. cirrhosa, Raf. Claremont and Plainfield, N. H. ; Ludlow, Windsor, and
Royalton, Vt. ; not common ; often cultivated.

Dicentra, Borkh. Dicentra.

D. Cucullaria, DC. (Dutchman's Breeches.) Rich woods ; common.
D. Canadensis, DC. (Squirrel-Corn.) Rich woods ; not rare.

[D. EXIMIA, DC, from Va. is frequent in old gardens.]

Corydalis, Vent.

C. glauca, Pursh. (Pale Corydalis.) Rocky places and clearings.
C. aurea, Willd. (Golden Corydalis.) Norwich, Vt., near the Passumpsic
R. R. Jesup.

Fumaria, Tourn. Fumitory.

F. officinalis, L. A weed in gardens ; European.

4 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order 8. CRUCIFER-SI. Mustard Family.

Dentaria, Tourn. Pepper-root.

D. diphylla, L. Rich woods ; common.

D. laciniata, Muhl. Plainfield, Dr. Barrows ; rare.

D. maxima, Nutt. With the first, but less common.

Cardamine, Tourn. Bitter Cress.
C. hirsuta, L. Wet ground. A slender variety is found in dry places.

Arabis, L. Rock-Cress.

A. hirsuta, Scop. Rocky places ; not rare.
A. laevigata, Poir. Woods and ravines ; not common.
A. perfoliata. Lam. (Tower Mustard.) Hartford, Vt., Flint ; Norwich,
Vt., Jesiip ; Hanover, Lyme, etc. ; not common.

A. confinis, Watson. (A. Drummondii, Manual, 5th ed.) Hanover, N. H.,
A. C. French ; Fairlee, Vt., F. O. Grover ; not common.

Camelina, Crantz. False Flax.

C. SATIVA, Crantz. Occasionally in grass grounds. European.

Nasturtium. R. Br. Water-Cress.

N. SYLVESTRE, R. Br. (Yellow Cress.) A weed in river meadows. Nor-
wich, Vt. ; etc. ; from Europe.
N. palustre, DC. Marsh Cress. Wet places; common.
N. Armoracia, Fries. (Horseradish.) Rarely seen in fruit; European.

Barbarea, R. Br. Winter Cress. Yellow Rocket.

B. vulgaris, R. Br. Low grounds ; common.

Hesperis, Tourn. Common Rocket.

H. matronalis, L. Roadsides, etc. ; a garden escape.

Erysimum, Tourn. Treacle Mustard.

E. cheiranthoides, L. Hanover ; a weed in gardens.

Sisym.brium, Tourn. Hedge Mustard.

S. officinale, Scop. Common European weed.

Brassica, Tourn. Cabbage, Mustard, etc.

B. CAMPESTRis, L. (Kale.) Common in grain fields; a troublesome weed.
B. SiNAPiSTRUM, Boissier. (English Charlock.) Plainfield, J/m 6'/<fe/^;zj ;

Plymouth, H. E. Sargent ; not common.
B. ALBA, Gray. (White Mustard.) Rare.

B. NIGRA, Koch. (Black Mustard.) Common near dwellings ; all from
Europe.

Capsella, Medic. Shepherd's Purse.

C. BuRSA-PASTORis, Moench. A weed in gardens; from Europe.

Thlaspi, Tourn. Pennycress.

T. ARVENSE, L. Pomfret, Vt., A. P. Morgan; Lebanon, Jesnp ; waste
places ; rare ; European.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 5

Lepidium, Tourn. Peppergrass.

L. Virginicum, L. Roadsides ; common.

L. CAMPESTRE, Br. Hanover, C. H. Dana; not common ; European.

L. RUDERALE, L. Hanover, etc. ; along with L. Virginicum ; from Europe.
Kaphanus, Tourn. Wild Radish.

R. Raphanistrum, L. (Jointed Charlock.) Hanover; not rare in grain
fields ; European.

[Cultivated plants : — Various kinds of Brassica (Cabbage and Turnip),
Raphanus sativum (Garden Radish), Lepidium sativum (Garden Pep-
pergrass), Matthiola (Stock), Iberis (Candytuft), Alyssum maritimum
(Sweet Alyssum), etc.]

Order 9. CISTACE^. Rock-Rose Family.

Helianthemum, Tourn. Rock-Rose.

H. Canadense, Michx. Frost-weed. Gravelly soil.
Lechea, Kalm. Pinweed.

L. major, Michx. Dry and sterile fields ; common.

L. minor, L. With the above and quite variable, including perhaps more
than one species.

Order 10. VIOLACEJE. Violet Family.

Viola, Tourn. Violet.

V. palmata, L. (V. cucullata, var. palmata. Gray.) — (Palmately-leaved Vio-
let.) On drier ground than the variety, and less common,
var. cucullata. Gray. (V. cucullata, Ait.) — (Common Blue Violet.) Very
common everywhere.

V. sagittata. Ait. Hanover, etc. Roadsides and upland pastures ; not
abundant.

V. Selkirkii, Pursh. (Selkirk Violet.) Shady hillsides ; not very common.

V. blanda, Willd. (Sweet White Violet.) Moist places; common, and very
variable.

var. palustriformis, Gray. "The larger form; in shady, mossy ground."

var. renifolia. Gray. (Kidney-leaved Violet.) Named from specimens

collected in 1870 by F. A. Sherman ; common in rich, rocky woods.

V. primulaefolia, L. (Primrose-leaved Violet.) With the next. New Lon-
don, IV. F. Carter' ; not common.

V. lanceolata, L. (Lance-leaved Violet.) Near Dorchester Line Pond,
A. C. French ; New London, in wet pastures. Carter ; rare.

V. rotundifolia, Michx. (Round-leaved Violet.) Moist woods. The earli
est species ; common.

V. pubescens, Ait. (Downy Vellow Violet.) Woods ; common and vari-
able.

V. Canadensis, L. (Canada Violet.) Rich woods; common.

V. rostrata, Pursh. (Long-spurred Violet.) With the above.

V. canina, L. var. Muhlenbergii, Gray. (Dog Violet.) Everywhere com-
mon and rather variable.

6 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

V. TRICOLOR, L. (Pansy.) Spontaneous in gardens along with V. odor-
ATA, the English Sweet Violet.

Order ii. CARYOPHYLLACEJE. Pink Family.

Dianthus, L. Pink.

D. Armeria, L. (Deptford Pink.) Randolph, Vt., Bates.
D. DELTOIDES, L. (Maiden Pink.) Near Sharon, Vt. ; well established on
the roadside, Jesup.
Saponaria, L. Soapwort. Bouncing Bet.

S. OFFICINALIS, L. Roadsides ; commonly double ; European.

Silene, L. Catchfly.

S. CucuBALUS, Wibel. (S. inflata^ Smith.) — (Bladder Campion.) Meriden

and Hanover, N. H. ; Chelsea, Vt. ; etc. Roadsides; European.
S. antirrhina, L. (Sleepy Catchfly.) Waste places.
S. NOCTIFLORA, L. Frequent; introduced with grass seed.

[S. Armeria, L. ( Sweet-William Catchfly.) Spontaneous in gardens.]
Lychnis, Tourn. Lychnis.

L. Githago, Lam. (Corn-cockle.) Hanover, in cultivated fields ; from
Europe.

Arenaria, L. Sandwort.

A. SERPYLLIFOLIA, L. Windsor, Vt, Lelaud. Waste places ; European.
A. Michauxii, Hook. (A. stricta, Michx.) Norwich, Vt., Dr. Blanchard;

Fairlee Cliffs, Vt., F. O. Grover. Not very common.
A. Groenlandica, Spreng. (Mountain Sandwort.) Moosilauke Mt., W. H.

Flint ; Kearsarge Mt., Dr. Barrows.

A. lateriflora, L. Lebanon, at Olcott Falls ; infrequent.

Stellaria, L. Chickweed.

S. MEDIA, Smith. (Common Chickweed.) From Europe.

S. longifolia, Muhl. (Long-leaved Stitchwort.) Grassy places.

S. longipes, Goldie. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; rare.

S. GRAMINEA, L. Occasional in cultivated grounds. European.

S. borealis, Eigel. Wet, shady places; not rare.

S. uliginosa, Murr. (Swamp Chickweed.) Rochester, Vt., Eggleston.

Cerastium, L. Chickweed.

C. VULGATUM, L. (C. viscosuM of Gray's Man., 5th ed.) Common Euro-
pean weed.
C. arvense, L. Rocky pastures north of Windsor, Vt., Flint ; Hanover,,
N. H., G. M. Moore ; scarce.
Sagina, L. Pearlwort.

S. procumbens, L. Moist places.
Buda, Adans. Sand-Spurrey.

B. rubra, Dumort. (Spergularia rubra. Presl.) Dry, sandy soil ; Canaan
and Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barrows ; Royalton, Vt., H. Q. Ward ; Ply-
mouth and New London, N. H., Sargent.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 7

Spergula, L. Spuney.

S. ARVENSis, L. (Corn-Spurrey.) Hanover, Meriden, etc. ; in cultivated
grounds ; European.

Order 12. PORTULACACEJE. Purslane Family.

Portulaca, Tourn. Purslane.

P. OLERACEA, L. A common weed in gardens ; European.

Claytonia, Gronov. Spring-Beauty.

C. Caroliniana, Michx. Common in open woods.

Order 13. HYPEKICACEJE. St. John's-wort Family.

Hypericum, Tourn. St. John's-wort.

H. Ascyron, L. (H. pyramidatum, Ait.) — (Great St. John's-wort.) Lebanon,

N. H. ; Pomfret, Windsor, and Royalton, Vt. ; not common.
H. ellipticum, Hook. Wet places.

H. PERFORATUM, L. (Common St. John's-wort.) Fields ; European.
H. maculatum, Walt. (H. corymbosum, Muhl.) Damp places ; common.
H. mutilum, L. Damp places.
H. Canadense, L. Very common in sandy soil.

var. majus, Gray. Not uncommon.
H. nudicaule, Walt. (H. Sarothra, Michx.) — (Orange Grass.) Sandy fields;

common.

Elodes, Adans. Marsh St. John's-wort.

E. campanulata, Pursh. (E. Virginica, Nutt.) Swamps.

Order 14. MALVACE.^. Mallow Family.

Malva, L. Mallows.

M. ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. (Common Mallow.) Near dwellings.

M. CRISPA, L. (Curled Mallow.) Occasionally seen on the roadsides.

M. MOSCHATA, L. (Musk Mallow.) Roadsides and fields.

M. sylvestris, L. (High Mallow.) Old gardens; all European.

Abutilon, Tourn. Indian Mallow.

A. AviCENN.^., Gaertn. (Velvet-Leaf.) Roadsides and waste heaps ; from
India.

Hibiscus, L. Rose-Mallow.

[H. Trionum, L. (Flower-of-an-hour.) State Farm, Hanover; occasion-
ally seen ; European.]

Order 15. TILIACE-S]. Linden Family.

Tilia, Tourn. Basswood. Linden. Lime-tree.
T. Americana, L. Woods ; common.

[T. EuROP.^A, L. (European Linden.) Planted by the roadsides and in
private grounds. This tree (the Lin) gave the family name to Linnaeus.]

O CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order i6. LINAGES. Flax Family.

Xjinum, Tourn. Flax.

L. Virginianum, L. (Wild Flax.) Dry woods.

L. usiTATissiMUM, L. (Cultivated Flax.) In grain fields. Plymouth, etc.,
Sargent. European.

Order 17. GERANIACE^. Geranium Family.

Geranium, Tourn. Cranesbill.
G. maculatum, L. (Cranesbill Geranium.) Hanover, N. H.; Norwich, Vt.;

etc. Open fields.
G. Robertianum, L. (Herb Robert.) Common on moist rocks.
G. Carolinianum, L. Not uncommon ; in waste places.
Erodium, L'Her. Storksbill.

E. CICUTARIUM, L'Her. Ludlow, Vt., Miss Pollard. Rarely met with;
European.
Impatiens, L. Balsam. Jewel-weed.

I. pallida, Nutt. Windsor and Hartland, Vt., etc., Leland. Less common

than the next.
I. fulva, Nutt. Common in wet places.
Oxalis, L. Wood- Sorrel.
O. Acetosella, L. (True Wood-Sorrel.) Common.

O. violacea, L. (Violet Wood-Sorrel.) Cavendish, Vt., Dr. Graves. Very
unusual so far north, and probably rare.

0. corniculata, L. van stricta, Sav. (O. stricta, L.) — (Yellow Wood-Sor-
rel.) A common weed and very variable.

Order 18. RUTACEJE. Rue Family.
Xanthoxylum, L. Prickly Ash.

X. Americanum, Mill. Claremont, N. Yi.., Dr. Barrows ; Norwich and Hart-
ford, Vt., etc.
[Ptelea trifoliata, L. (Hop-tree.) From the West, is often planted.]

Order 19. ILICINE^. Holly Family.

(Formerly aquifoliace.^.)
Ilex, L. Holly.

1. verticillata, Gray. (Black Alder.) Common in low grounds.
Nemopanthes, Raf. (Mountain Holly.)

N. fascicularis, Raf. (N. Canadensis, DC.) Common in wet cold woods.

Order 20. CELASTRACE^. Staff-tree Family.

Celastrus, L. Staff-tree.

C. scandens, L. (Climbing Bitter-sweet.) Along streams.

[EuoNYMUs atropurpureus, Jacq. (Burning Bush.) From the West ;
common in cultivation.]

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 9

Order 21. RHAMNACEJE. Buckthorn Family.

Hhamnus, Tourn. Buckthorn.

R. alnifolia, L'Her. Bear Pond, Canaan, N. H., J. B. Wallace ; Norwich
and Sharon, Vt., ^esup ; rare.

R. CATHARTICA, L. Used for hedges ; sometimes running wild ; European.
Ceanothus, L. New Jersey Tea.

C. Americanus, L. Dry woodlands. Lebanon near Conn, river, etc.

Order 22. VITACE^. Vine Family.

Vitis, Tourn. Grape.

V. Labrusca, L. (Fox grape.) Often near old homesteads, sometimes cul-
tivated ; doubtful if native in this region.

V. aestivalis, Michx. (Summer grape.) Possibly native.

V. cordifolia, Michx. As the species is now understood, it may be that
plants referred to this species should be included in the next.

V. riparia, Michx. (Frost grape.) Common. This is V. cordifolia, var.
riparia, of Gray's Man. (1870). Dr. Engelmann writes (1876): — " I doubt
if V. cordifolia grows at all in New England." See his synopsis of the
Genus in Am. Nat., Vol. VI, p. 539. See, also, Gray's Manual (1890).
Ampelopsis, Michx. Woodbine. Virginian Creeper.

A. quinquefolia, Michx. Common on river-banks, etc.

Order 23. SAPINDACEJE. Soapberry Family.

.ffiscillus, L. Horse-chestnut. Buckeye.

[M. HiPPOCASTANUM, L. (Horse-chestuut.) Common in cultivation
everywhere. Native of Europe.]

[JE. GLABRA, Willd. (Fetid or Ohio Buckeye.) Not native in New
England, but not rare in cultivation along with JE. Pavia.]

Acer, Tourn. Maple.

A. Pennsylvanicum, L. (Striped Dogwood. Moose-Wood.) Woods ; com-
mon.
A. spicatum, Lam. (Mountain Maple.) Common with the above.
A. saccharinum, Wang. (Sugar Maple. Rock Maple.) Very common,
var. nigrum, Torr. & Gray. (Black Sugar Maple.) Probably not uncom-
mon. Recognized by Michaux as a distinct species, and common out-
side of New England. He noticed it " at Windsor, Vt., but of inferior
size." (Michaux's N. A. Sylva, Vol. I, p. 163.) It is seldom distin-
guished from the ordinary Sugar Maple.
A. dasycarpum, Ehrh. (White or Silver Maple.) On river-banks.
A. rubrum, L. (Red or Swamp Maple.) Very common.

[A. platanoides (Norway Maple), with fruit having long divergent
wings, and A. Pseudo-Platanus with long racemes of pubescent fruit, are
often planted.]

Negundo, Moench. Ash-leaved Maple. Box-Elder.

N aceroides, Moench. Not native in New England, but often planted
and sometimes spontaneous, as on the White River at Sharon, Vt., Dr.
Baxter.

lO CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Staphylea, L. Bladder-Nut.

S. trifolia, L. Claremont and Lebanon, N. H. ; Norwich, Sargent, and
Windsor, Vt. River-banks ; not very common.

Order 24. ANAC AUDI ACE JE. Cashew Family.

Rhus, L. Sumach.

R. typhina, L. (Staghorn Sumach.) Fields ; very common. This species-
and the next two are not poisonous.

R. glabra, L. (Smooth Sumach.) Fields ; common.

R. copallina, L. Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barrozus ; Holderness, N. H., and
Fairlee, Vt., Jestip. Rare.

R. venenata, DC. (Poison Sumach. Poison Dogwood.) Claremont, N. H.,
Dr. Barrows ; Mud Pond, Canaan, N. H., Jesup ; Windsor, Vt., Leland.
Not uncommon in swamps throughout the district.

R. Toxicodendron, L, (Poison Ivy.) Very common, and, like the preced-
ing, very poisonous to the touch.

Order 25. POLYGALACE^. Milkwort Family.

Polygala, Tourn. Milkwort.

P. paucifolia, Willd. (Fringed Polygala.) Borders of woods ; common.
P. polygama, Walt. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; New London, Miss Messer.
P. sanguinea, L. Charlestown and New London, N. H. ; Windsor, Vt. ;

etc.
P. verticillata, L. Claremont, Dr. Barrows.

var, ambigua (P. ambigua, Nutt.) Lebanon, Sargent.

Order 26. LEGUMINOSJE. Pulse Family.

Lupinus, Tourn. Lupine.

L. perennis, L. Claremont, etc.. Dr. Barrows ; Plymouth, Miss Langdon ;

rare ; abundant farther south.
Trifolium, Tourn. Clover. Trefoil.

T. ARVENSE, L. (Stone Clover.) Old fields and roadsides.

T. PRATENSE, L. (Red Clover.) Meadows.

T. repens, L. (White Clover.) Everywhere common.

T. AGRARIUM, L. (Yellow or Hop-Clover.) Meadows and roadsides.

T. PROCUMBENS, L. QATCc^xxiowi, Dr. Barrows ; Royalton, Vt., i¥: (?. Ward.

Uncommon ; has pinnately trifoliate leaves and very small heads. This

and all the preceding species are European, except T. repens.
T. hybridum, L. (Alsike or Dutch Clover.) From Holland. Meadows.
Melilotus, Tourn. Melilot.

M. officinalis, Willd. (Yellow Melilot.) Waste or cultivated grounds;

both species from Europe.
M. ALBA, Lam. (White Melilot or Sweet Clover.) Near dwellings and

sometimes in gardens.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 11

MedicagO, Tourn. Medick.

M. SATIVA, L. (Lucerne, Alfalfa.) Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barrows ; Pom-
fret, Vt., A. P. Morgan. Cultivated sometimes for green fodder.

M. LUPULINA, L. (Black Medick.) Claremont, Dr. Barrozvs. In grass
ground, Hanover, etc., and often mistaken for a Trifolium.

M. MACULATA. Willd. (Spotted Medick.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows. This
and the next species introduced in foreign wool, and probably transient
vistors. The entire genus is European.

M. DENTICULATA, Willd. Claremont, Dr. Barrows.

Robinia, L. Locust-tree.

R. Pseudacacia, L. (Common Locust.) Naturalized from Penn. and the

Southwest.
R. viscosa, Vent. (Clammy Locust.) Native of Virginia, and spreading
freely.
Astragalus, Tourn. Milk-Vetch.

A. alpinus, L. On rocks at Sumner's Falls, Plainfield, N. Yi.., Flint ; very

rare.
A. Robbinsii, Gray. Sumner's Falls, N. H., Flint; Hartland, Vt., Leland ;
very rare.
Desmodium, Desv. Tick-Trefoil.

D. nudiflorum, DC. Dry woods ; common.
D. acuminatum, DC. Woods ; common.
D. rotundifolium, DC. Dry rocky woods.
D. Dillenii, Darl. Open woodlands.
D. paniculatum, DC. Woods.
D. Canadense, DC. Dry woods; common.
D. rigidum, DC. Dry hillsides.

D. Marilandicum, Boott. Copses ; not very common.
Lespedeza, Michx. Bush-Clover.
L. violacea, Pers. Dry woods.

L. polystachya, Michx. (L. hirta, Ell.) Dry hillsides; common.
L. capitata, Michx. Dry hillsides ; frequent.
Vicia, Tourn. Vetch or Tare.

V. SATIVA, L. (Common Vetch.) Cultivated fields; not uncommon;
from Europe.

VAR. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Seringe. Hanover.
V. Cracca, L. Infrequent; usually in grass land.
Apios, Boerhaave. Ground-nut.

X. tuberosa, Moench. Windsor, Vt., Flint; Royalton, Vt., Z. Wild;
Plymouth, N. H., Sargent.

Amphicarpsea, Ell. Hog Pea-nut.

A. monoica, Nutt. Borders of woods ; very common.
Cassia, Tourn. Wild Senna.

C. Marilandica, L. Hartford, Vt. Alluvial soil ; rare.

12 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Gleditschia, L. Honey-Locust.

G. triacanthos, L. Never truly wild in New England ; common in culti-
vation ; from the Western States, and sometimes thornless.

[Additional plants of this order : — Coronilla varia (Purple Coronilla),
Arachis hypog^a (Pea-nut), Caragana arborescens (Pea-tree), Wis-
taria SINENSIS (Chinese Wistaria), Phaseolus (Garden Bean), Pisum
sativa (Garden Pea), besides others from the Western States and from
Europe.]

Order 27. BOSACE.^. Rose Family.

TrunuS, Tourn. Plum. Cherry.

P. Americana, Marshall. (Wild Yellow or Red Plum.) Not common.

P. pumila, L. (Dwarf Cherry.) Islands in the Conn, river near Hanover,
etc. Jestip.

P. Pennsylvanica, L. (Red Cherry.) Very common everywhere.

P. Virginiana, L. (Choke-Cherry.) Very common.

P. serotina, Ehrh. (Black Cherry.) Common.
Spiraea, L. Meadow-Sweet.

S. sahcifolia, L. (Common Meadow-Sweet.) Roadsides and pastures.

S. tomentosa, L. (Hardhack. Steeple-Bush.) Roadsides; common.

S. SORBIFOLIA, from Siberia, with leaves like the Mountain Ash, is well
established in many places.
Rubus, Tourn. Raspberry. Blackberry.

R. odoratus, L. (Purple Flowering Raspberry.) Often wrongly called
Mulberry.

R. triflorus, Richardson. (Dwarf Raspberry.) Much like a Blackberry.

R. strigosus, Michx. (Wild Red Raspberry.)

R. occidentalis, L. (Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry.) Both this and all the
preceding species common.

R. villosus, Ait. (High Blackberry.) Very variable in size and shape of
fruit. Very common.

R. Canadensis, L. (Low Blackberry.) Dry fields. The smaller and trail-
ing forms of the last connect with this species.

R. hispidus, L. (Running Swamp-Blackberry.) Not very common.

Dalibarda, L.

D. repens, L. Low woods ; common.
Geum, L. Avens.

G. album, Gmelin. Borders of woods ; common.

G. Virginianum, L. Borders of woods; common.

G. macrophyllum, Willd. Killington Mt., Vt., Rev. H. M. Denslcnu.

G. strictum. Ait. Moist meadows ; frequent.

G. rivale, L. (Water Avens.) Wet meadows.
Waldsteinia, Willd.

W. fragarioides, Tratt. (Barren Strawberry.) Wooded hillsides ; common.
Fragaria, Tourn. Strawberry.

V. Virginiana, Mill. (Field Strawberry.) Everywhere common.

V. vesca, L. (Wood Strawberry.) Less common than the preceding.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 1 3.

Potentilla, L. Cinque-foil. Five-Finger.

P. arguta, Pursh. Roadsides. Hanover ; Lebanon ; not rare.
P. Norvegica, L. Dry fields ; common.

P. argentea, L. (Silvery Cinque-foil.) Dry, barren fields ; common.
P. palustris, Scop. (Marsh Five-Finger.) Cold bogs; George Pond, En-
field, etc.
P. fruticosa, L. (Shrubby Cinque-foil.) Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barrotvs ;

Chittenden, Vt., Flint ; a shrub.
P. tridentata, Ait. (Three-toothed Cinque-foil.) Kearsarge INIt., D7-. Bar-
rows ; Moosilauke Mt., Flint.
P. Anserina, L. (Silver-weed.) Claremont, N. H., Z^r. ^^rr^wj-; Royalton,

Vt., Ward. Near ponds and streams.
P. Canadensis, L. (Common Five-Finger.) Dry soil; very common; stem
commonly prostrate ; sometimes erect.
Agrimonia, Tourn. Agrimony.

A. Eupatoria, L. (Common Agrimony.) Roadsides.
Poterium, L. Burnet.

P. Canadense, Eenth & Hook. (Canadian Burnet.) Bristol, N. H., etc.,.
F. L. Pattee. Not common.
Rosa, Tourn. Rose.

R. blanda, Ait. (Early Rose.) Banks of Conn, river, Hanover, N. H.;.

Fairlee, Vt., Sargent. Not very common.
R. Carolina, L. (Swamp Rose.) Swamps and river-banks throughout.
R. humilis, Marsh. (R. lucida of most authors.) — (Dwarf Rose.) With the
same range as R. blanda, but more common. The true hicida is found on
the New Hampshire seacoast.
R. nitida, Willd. (Shining Rose.) New London, Sargent ; George Pond,

Enfield, etc., Jesup. Rather rare.
R. RUBIGINOSA, L. (Sweet-brier.) Roadsides and pastures; not abundant,

but widely distributed ; European.
R. ciNNAMOMEA, L. (Cinnamon Rose.) Native of Europe, very common
about old dwellings, always double.
Pyrus, L. Pear. Apple.

P. arbutifolia, L. (Choke-berry.) Swamps; common, with red fruit.

var. melanocarpa. Hook. With black fruit.
P. Americana, DC. (Mountain Ash.) Common.
Crataegus, L. White Thorn. Hawthorn.

[C. OXYACANTHA, L. (English Hawthorn.) Cultivated for ornamental
purposes, and sometimes spontaneous.]

C. coccinea, L. (Scarlet-fruited Thorn.) Common in hillside pastures, etc.
var. macracantha, Dudley. Frequent and quite distinct from the type.
Perhaps a distinct species. Hanover, Lyme, Lebanon, and Enfield,
N. H. ; Norwich, Hartford, etc., Vt.
C. punctata, Jacq. Widely distributed on both sides of the Conn, river.
C. Crus-galli, L. Claremont, Z^r. i^^rr^wj; College Park, Hanover. Not
common, and possibly not indigenous.

H

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Amelanchier, Medic. June-beny.

A. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray. (var. Botryapium, T. cS: G.) — (Shad-bush.)
The more common form.

var. oblongifolia, Gray. Not rare ; two weeks later. A smaller tree or
shrub.

[This Order also includes numerous species of the Genus Prunus (Plum,
Cherry, Peach, Nectarine, and Apricot); Spir.^ea (many species); Pyrus
COMMUNIS (Pear) ; Pyrus malus (Apple); Pyrus prunifolia (Siberian
Crab-apple); and Cydonia vulgaris (Common Quince).]

Order 28. SAXIFRAGACEJE. Saxifrage Family.

Saxifraga, L. Saxifrage.

S. Virginiensis, Michx. (Rock Saxifrage.) Common on rocks.

S. Pennsylvanica, L. (Swamp Saxifrage.) Common in swamps.
Tiarella, L. False Mitre-wort.

T. cordifolia, L. Common in moist ground.
Mitella, Tourn. Mitre-wort. Bishop's-Cap.

M. diphylla, L. Hillsides in rich woods ; very common.

M. nuda, L. Wet woods in moss. Hanover, N. H. ; Norwich, Vt. ; etc.
Not rare.
Chrysosplenium, Tourn. Golden Saxifrage.

C. Americanum, Schwein. Common in wet places.

Parnassia, Tourn. Grass of Parnassus.

P. Caroliniana, Michx. Queechy Gulf in Hartland, Norwich, and Royalton,

Vt., L. Wild. Not common.
Philadelphus, L. Mock Orange. Syringa.

[P. grandiflorus, Willd. Cultivated from Virginia.]

[P. coronarius, L. In cultivation from Europe.]

Kibes, L. Currant. Gooseberry.

R. Cynosbati, L. (Prickly Gooseberry.) Common.

R. oxyacanthoides, L. (R. hirtellum, Michx.) — (Smooth Gooseberry.) Meri-
den and Hanover, N. H. ; Union Village and Sharon, Vt. Probably not
rare in swamps.

R. lacustre, Poir. Hanover and Meriden, N. H. ; Mt. Ascutney, Vt. Cold
woods and swamps.

R. prostratum, L'Her. (Fetid Currant.) Common in damp, rocky woods.

R. floridum, L'Her. (Wild Black Currant.) Woods, and frequent in old
gardens.

R. rubrum, L. var. subglandulosum, Maxim. This is the native Red Cur-
rant of the White Mts. and Northern New England. The Red Currant
of the garden is the European form (R. rubrum) introduced by the early
settlers. The two forms however cannot readily be distinguished.

R. aureum, Pursh. (Missouri Currant.) Common in cultivation, and per-
sisting for years about old homesteads. Native of Missouri and the
West.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. I5

Order 29. CRASSULACEJE. Orpine Family.

Penthorum, Gronov. Ditch Stone-crop.

P. sedoides, L. Open wet places.
Sedum, Tourn. Stone-crop.

S. ACRE, L. (Mossy Stone-crop.) Norwich, Chelsea, and Royalton, Vt.;

on rocks, etc. Frequent in gardens throughout the district.
S. Telephium, L. (Live-for-ever.) Very widely distributed and thoroughly
naturalized ; both species European.

Order 30. DROSERACEJE. Sundew Family.

Drosera, L. Sundew.

D. rotundifolia, L. Peat bogs and banks of brooks ; common.

D. intermedia, Hayne. var. Americana, DC. (D. longifolia. Man., 5th ed.)
Hanover, Canaan, Enfield, Plainfield, etc. Sandy shores of ponds and
on decaying logs.

Order 31. HAMAMELIDEJE. Witch-Hazel Family.

Hamamelis, L. Witch-Hazel.

H. Virginiana, L. Peculiar for blooming in October and not perfecting its
fruit until the next autumn ; common in woods.

Order 32. HALORAGEjE. Water-Milfoil Family.

Myriophyllum, Vaill. Water-Milfoil.

M. spicatum, L. Enfield Pond, Jesiip ; not rare.

M. verticillatum, L. Mascoma Creek, West Lebanon, etc., Jesitp.

M. tenellum, Bigel. Shores of Enfield Pond, Jesup ; not rare.

Proserpinaca, L. Mermaid-weed.

P. palustris, L. Swamps and ditches ; common.
Hippuris, L. Mare's Tail.

[H. vulgaris, L. About ponds ; rare. Near Long Pond, West Danville,
Vt., Dr. Blanchard, and in Mass. ; probably within our limits.]

Callitriche, L. Water-Starwort.
C. verna, L. Ponds ; common.

Order t^^. LYTHRACE^. Loosestrife Family,

Lythrum, L. Loosestrife.

L. Salicaria, L. (Spiked Loosestrife.) Claremont, N. H., Dr. Graves;
Sharon, Vt., etc. ; often cultivated, and commonly trimorphous.

Order 34. ONAGRACE^. Evening-Primrose Family.

Ludwigia, Ell. False Loosestrife.

L. palustris, L. (Water Purslane.) Ditches ; common.
Epilobium, L. Willow-herb.

E. angustifolium, L. (Often like Erechtites, called " Fire-weed.") Common
in moist and newly cleared lands.

1 6 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

E. lineare, Muhl. (E. palustre, var. lineare, Man., 5th ed.) Bogs; common.

E. strictum, Muhl. (E. molle, Torr.) C\3.Yemox\t, Dr. Barrows ; not com-
mon.

E. coloratum, Muhl. Wet places ; very common.

[A number of new species of this genus have recently (Man., 6th ed.) been

assigned to this region, some of which doubtless are collected as forms of

the above and remain to be distinguished from them.]

CEnothera, L. Evening Primrose.

Qi. biennis, L. Fields and roadsides everywhere ; many vars. ; one with
large flowers is found in gardens (var. grandiflora).

GL. pumila, L. Dry fields ; common.
Circsea, Tourn. Enchanter's Nightshade.

C. Lutetiana, L. Damp shades ; common.

C. alpina, L. Rocky, wet woodlands ; much like a small form of the
former.

Order 35. CUCURBITACEJE. Cucumber Family.

SicyOS, L. Bur-Cucumber.

S. angulatus, L. Wet, shady places and waste heaps ; a not uncommon
weed in Hanover, etc.
Echinocystis, Torr. & Gray. Balsam-Apple.

E. lobata, Torr. & Gray. Banks of streams, Hanover, N. H. ; Sharon, Vt. j
etc.

[Cultivated species of this Order belong to the Genera : — Lagenarl\
(Bottle Gourd), Cucurbita (Pumpkin, Squash, and Egg Gourd), Citru-
LUS (Watermelon), Cucumis (Melon and Cucumber).

Order 36. FICOIDEJE.
MollugO, L. Carpet-weed.

M. verticillata, L. A common weed in cultivated ground. Formerly
included in the Pink Family (Caryophyllace.'E).

Order 27- UMBELLIFERJE. Parsley Family.

Daucus, Tourn. Wild Carrot.

D. Carota, L. a noxious weed of the old world; the cultivated carrot
run wild.

Angelica, L.

A. atropurpurea, L. (Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffm.) River-banks.
Conioselinum, Fisch. Hemlock-Parsley.

C. Canadense, Torr. & Gray. Near Goose Pond, Canaan.
Heracleum, L. Cow-Parsnip.

H. lanatum, Michx. Moist, rich ground ; common.
Pastinaca, L. Wild Parsnip.

P. sativa, L. Fields ; common ; from Europe.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 1 7

LigUSticum, L. Lovage.

L. Scoticum, L. Near dwellings ; Hanover, etc. ; perhaps a garden escape.

Cryptotsenia, DC. Honewort.

C. Canadensis, DC. Thickets ; not rare.
Slum, Tourn. Water-Parsnip.

S. cicutaefolium, Gmelin. (S. lineare, Michx.) Wet places : common.

Zizia, Koch. Meadow-Parsnip.

Z. aurea, Koch, (Thaspium aurcum, var. apterum, Gray's Man., 5th. ed.)
In moist meadows ; common.
Carum, L. Caraway.

C. Carui, L. Everywhere near dwellings ; European.
Cicuta, L. Water-Hemlock.

C. maculata, L. (Spotted Cowbane.) Root very poisonous ; common.
C bulbifera, L. Swamps ; seldom fruiting, the flowers replaced by bulb-
lets.
Conium, L. Poison Hemlock.

C. MACULATUM, L. On waste heaps ; a virulent poison. Hanover, etc.
From Europe.
Osmorrhiza, Raf. Sweet Cicely.

O. brevistylis, DC. Rich, moist woods.

O. longistylis, DC. With, but less common than, the preceding.
HydrOCOtyle, Tourn. Water Pennywort.
H. Americana, L. Wet places ; common.
Sanicula, Tourn. Sanicle. Black Snakeroot.

S. Marilandica, L. With the variety but more common. Borders of
woods.

var. Canadensis, Torr. (S. Canadensis, L.)

[This large Order also includes, — Apium graveolens (Celery), Carum
Petroselinum (Parsley), Fceniculum vulgare (Fennel), etc.]

Order 38. ARALIACE^. Ginseng Family.

Aralia, Tourn.

A. racemosa, L. (Spikenard.) Rich woodlands ; often cultivated.
A. hispida. Vent. (Bristly Sarsaparilla.) Rocky places ; frequent,
A. nudicaulis, L, (W^ild Sarsaparilla.) Borders of woods ; common.
A. quinquefolia, Dec. & Pla. (Ginseng.) Rich woods ; not infrequent.
A. trifolia, Dec. & Pla. (Dwarf Ginseng. Ground-nut.) Very common
in woods.

Order 39. CORNACEJE. Dogwood Family,

Cornus, Tourn. Dogwood. Cornel.

C. Canadensis, L. (Bunch-berry.) Common.

C. florida, L. (Flowering Dogwood.) Plainfield, N, H,, Miss S(ez>etis ;

Springfield, Vt., Rev. S. Haytvard ; Charlestown and New London,

N. H. ; Pomfret, Vt., etc. ; rare so far northward.

1 8 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

C. circinata, L'Her. (Round-leaved Cornel.) Hanover, N. H.; West

Hartford, Vt., Flint; and Killington Mt., Vt., Rev. H. M. Denslow.
C. sericea, L. (Silky Cornel.) Borders of ponds ; frequent.
C. stolonifera, Michx. (Red-osier Dogwood.) Wet places ; common.
C. paniculata, L'Her. (Panicled Cornel.) Charlestown, Dr. Graves ;

Plymouth, Miss Laiigdon ; rare.
C. alternifolia, L. (Alternate-leaved Cornel.) Common by the roadside

everywhere.
Nyssa, L. Tupelo. Pepperidge. Sour-Gum Tree.

N. sylvatica, Marsh. (N. multiflora, Wang.) On the outlet of Squam

Lake, N. H. ; not common. [Not rare in Boscawen, Barto?i.'\

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 1 9

Division II. GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS.
Order 40. CAPRIFOLIACEJE. Honeysuckle Family.

SambuCUS, Toum. Elder.

S. Canadensis, L. (Black-berried Elder.) Common.

S. racemosa, L. (S. pubens, Michx.) — (Red-berried Elder.) Common.
"Viburnum, L. Arrow-wood.

V. lantanoides, Michx. (Hobble-bush.) Frequent in woods.

V. Opulus, L. (High Cranberry-bush.) Hanover, Lebanon, and New
London, N. H. ; Sharon, etc., Vt. ; low ground, not rare. The Snow
Ball Tree from Europe is a cultivated form of this species.

V. pauciflorum, Pylaie. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; belongs farther north-
ward, and doubtless rare.

V. acerifolium, L. (Maple-leaved Arrow-wood.) Rocky woods ; common.

V. dentatum, L. (Arrow-wood.) Wet places.

V. cassinoides, L. (V. nudum, var. cassinoides, Torr. & Gray.) — (Withe-
rod.) Swamps in Lebanon and Hanover, N. H. ; Sharon and Hart-
ford, Vt. ; etc. ; common.

V. Lentago, L. (Sheep-berry.) Wet river-banks, etc. ; not rare.
Triosteum, L. Fever- wort. Horse-Gentian.

T. perfoliatum, L. White River Junction and Norwich, Vt., etc. Rich
woodlands.
Xjinnsea, Gronov. Twin-flower.

L. borealis, Gronov. Common in bogs and mossy woods. The favorite
flower of the great Linnaeus, and named for him.
Symphoricarpos, Dill. Snowberry.

[S. racemosus, Michx. Common in cultivation ; native of western Vt.

S. VULGARLS and S. occidentalis from the Western States are some-
times in private grounds.]

LoniCGra, L. Honeysuckle. Woodbine.

L. ciliata, Muhl. (Fly-Honeysuckle.) Rocky woods ; common.

L. cserulea, L. (Mountain Fly- Honeysuckle.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows ;

Bear Pond, Canaan, E. S. Comings ; Enfield Pond, A. C. French.
L. glauca, Hill. (L. parviflora of Man., 5th ed.) (Twining Honeysuckle.)

Hanover, N. H.; Norwich, Vt. ; etc ; not rare.

[L. Tatarica, L. (Tartarian Honeysuckle.) The common Bush Honey-
suckle of cultivation ; from Europe.]

Diervilla, Tourn.

D. trifida. Moench. (Bush Honeysuckle.) Common in fence rows.

Order 41. RUBIACEJE. Madder Family.

Houstonia, L

IL ca;rulea, L. (Bluets. Innocence.) Pastures; commonly dimorphous.

20 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Cephalanthus, L. Button-bush.

C. occidentalis, L. New Found Lake, Di-. Barrows ; Goose Pond, Canaan ;
Andover, A, C. French ; Plymouth, Sargent; etc.
Mitchella, L. Partridge-berry.

M. repens, L. Dry woods ; common under trees and dimorphous.
Galium, L. Bedstraw. Cleavers.

G. MOLLUGO, L. North Pomfret, Vt., Morgan.

G. Aparine, L. (Cleavers. Goose-Grass.) Moist grounds, Norwich, Vt.,

Eggleston ; not common.
G. Kamtschaticum, Steller, (G. circaszans, var. montanum, Torr. & Gray.)

Killington Peak, Vt., Denslow.
G. circaezans, Michx. (Wild Liquorice.) Woods ; not rare.
G. lanceolatum, Torr. (Wild Liquorice.) Pomfret, Vt., Morgan; Han-
over, Fre?ich, — also Weirs, N. H. ; infrequent in dry woods.
G. trifidum, L. (Small Bedstraw.) Swamps; very variable ; common.
G. asprellum, Michx. (Rough Bedstraw.) Low thickets ; abundant.
G. triflorum, Michx. (Sweet-scented Bedstraw.) Rich woodlands; com-
mon.

Order 42. COMPOSITJE. Composite Family.

Eupatorium, Tourn. Thoroughwort. Boneset.

E. purpureum, L. (Purple Thoroughwort.) Common in swamps.

E. perfoliatum, L. (Medicinal Thoroughwort.) Low grounds ; common.

E. ageratoides, L. (White Snake-root.) Rich woods.
SolidagO, L. Golden-rod.

S. squarrosa, Muhl. Claremont, N. H., Graves; Windsor, F/int ; Killing-
ton Mt., Eggleston, and Fairlee Pond, Vt., Jesup.

S. caesia, L. Borders of woodlands ; common.

S. latifolia, Iv. Shaded banks ; common.

S. bicolor, L. Dry banks. Also var. concolor, Torr. & Gray, yellow rays.

S. macrophylla, Pursh. (S. thyrsoidea, E. Meyer.) Claremont, N. H., Dr.
Barrows; Mt. Ascutney, Leland, — and Killington "iAi^Nt., Eggleston.

S. Virgaurea, L., var. alpina, Bigel. Moosilauke Mt., Flint ; Killington
Peak, Vt., Dr. Rabbins.

S. humilis, Pursh. (S. Virgaurea, var. humilis. Gray.) Mountains.

S. puberula, Nutt. Killington, Mt., Vt., Denslozu ; Rochester, Vt., Eggleston.

S. uliginosa, Nutt. (S. stricta, Ait.) Peat bogs. Canaan and Hanover,
N. H. ; Sharon, Dr. Baxter, and Norwich, Vt., Jesjip ; occasional.

S. rugosa. Mill. (S. altissima, Man., 5th ed.) Fields; common.

S. neglecta, Torr. & Gray. Swamps, and very variable. Some forms as
determined by Dr. Gray are much like " uliginosa" and " arguta."
Perhaps not very rare ; Canaan, Jesup.

S. arguta. Ait. (S. Muhlenbergii, Torr. & Gray.) Borders of woods; fre-
quent.

S. juncea, Ait. (S. arguta, Torr. & Gray.) Borders of woodlands; com-
mon.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 21

S. serotina, Ait. (S. gigantea, Man., 5th ed.) Roadsides ; common.

var. gigantea, Gray. (S. serotina, Man., 5th ed.) low ground; common.
S. Canadensis, L. Fields and roadsides ; very common and variable.
S. nemoralis, Ait. Dry, sterile fields ; very common.
S. lanceolata, L. Roadsides, etc. ; very common.
Sericocarpus, Nees. White-topped Aster.

S. conyzoides, Nees. Dry grounds.
Aster, L. Starwort. Aster.

A. corymbosus. Ait. Woodlands ; common.

A. macrophyllus, L. Borders of woods ; common.

A. Novce-Angliae, L. Royalton, Vt., IVaj-d ; more common southward.

A. patens, Ait. Dry ground.

A. undulatus, L. Dry woods ; common.

A. cordifolius, L. W^oodlands; very common.

[A. Lindleyanus, T. & G. has been found at Lisbon, N. H., by C. E.
Faxon, just beyond our limits.]
A. laevis, L. Woodlands.

A. ericoides, L. Dr. Barrozvs. More common southward.
A. polyphyllus, Willd. " Heads larger and flowering earlier than the pre-
ceding."
A. multiflorus, Ait. Claremont, N, H., Z^r. Graves; Norwich, Vt., 6'rtr^^«/.
A. dumosus, L. Claremont, Dr. Barro7vs ; scarce.
A. vimineus. Lam. (A. Tradescanti, Man., 5th ed.) Moist banks and

variable.
A. diffusus. Ait. (A. miser, Man., 5th ed.) Roadsides and fields ; very

common and variable.
A. Tradescanti, L. (A. tenuifolius, Man., 5th ed.) With the next, but not

readily distinguished from it.
A. paniculatus, Lam. (A. simplex, Man., 5th ed.) Moist banks; very

common.
A. salicifolius, Ait. (A. carneus, Man., 5th ed.) What appears to be this

species has been found with the preceding.
A. Novi-Belgii, L. (A. longifolius. Man., 5th ed.) Moist ground and very

variable.
A. puniceus, L. Swamps; very common and variable
A. umbellatus. Mill. (Diplopappus umbellatus, Torr. & Gray.) Moist

thickets; common.
A. linariifolius, L. (Diplopappus linariifolius. Hook.) Dry grounds ; not

very common.
A. acuminatus, Michx. Rich woods ; frequent.
A. nemoralis. Ait. George Pond, Enfield. [Todd Pond, Bradford, Barton!\

Erigeron, L. Fleabane.

E. Canadensis, L. (Horseweed.)

E. annuus, Pers. (Daisy Fleabane.) Fields and waste places.
E. strigosus, Muhl. (Daisy Fleabane.) A coarser plant than the rest.
This and both the above common weeds.

22 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

E. hyssopifolius, Michx. (Aster graminifolius, Pursh.) On rocks in

Quechee Gulf, Vt., Jesiip ; quite rare.
E. bellidifolius, Muhl. (Daisy-leaved Fleabane. Robin's Plantain.) Moist

meadows and banks ; very common.
E. Philadelphicus, L. Moist ground; common.
Antennaria, Gaertn. Plantain-leaved Everlasting.

A. plantaginifolia, Hook. Sterile banks ; very common.
AnaphaliS, DC. Pearly Everlasting.

A. maigaritacea, Benth. & Hook. Dry fields ; very common.
Gnaphalium, L- Cudweed.

G. polycephalum, Michx. (Common Everlasting.)
" G. decurrens, Ives. (Everlasting.) Old fields.

G. uliginosum, L. (Low Cudweed.) Roadsides. All the species common.
Inula, L. Elecampane.

I. Helen ruM, L. A coarse plant on roadsides and in pastures. Native
of Europe.
Ambrosia, Tourn. Ragweed.

A. trifida, L. (Great Ragweed.) Grantham, Barion.
A. artemisiffifolia, L. (Roman Wormwood.) A common farm weed.
Xanthium, Tourn. Cocklebur. Clotbur.

X. SPINOSUM, L. On waste heaps. From Tropical America.
X. STRUMARIUM, L. White River Junction, Vt., /7/;2/. Barnyards, etc.;
not commom. From India.
Heliopsis, Pers. Ox-eye.

H. scabra, Dunal. (H. laevis, var. scabra, T. & G.) Norwich, Vt., Sar-
gent. A chance immigrant from the west.
Rlldbeekia, L. Cone-flower.
R. laciniata, L. Low grounds.

R. hirta, L. Introduced into meadows from the Western States.
Helianthus, L. Sunflower.

H. giganteus, L. Randolph, Vt., Bates ; Royalton, Vt., Ward.
H. annuus, L. (Common Sunflower.) Long cultivated and often spon-
taneous.
H. strumosus, L. Charlestown, Dr. Graves ; common farther south.
H. divaricatus, L. Not common.

H. decapetalus, L. Banks of streams, etc ; very common.
H. tuberosus, L. (H. doronicoides, Man., 5th ed.) — (Jerusalem Arti-
choke.) Often found in old gardens. Dr. Gray has shown that both
this species and H. annuus originated in America.
Bidens, L. Bur-Marigold.

B. frondosa, L. (Common Beggar-ticks.) The entire genus is found in

swamps and wet places.
B. connata, Muhl. (Swamp Beggar-ticks.) Common in ditches, etc.
B. cernua, L. (Smaller Bur-Marigold.) Not well distinguished from the
next ; both probably common.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 23

B. chrysanthemoides, Michx. (Larger Bur-Marigold.)

B. Beckii, Torr. (Water Marigold.) Ciaremont, N. H., Dr. Barrows ;
Fairlee Pond, Vt., Jesiip. Rare.

Galinsoga, Ruiz & Pavon.

G. PARVIFLORA, Cav. From South America. On waste heaps ; Windsor,
Vt., Leland.

Anthemis, L. Chamomile.

A. CoTULA, DC. (Maruta Cotula, DC.)— (May-weed.) From Europe;
common by roadsides.

A. ARVENSis, L. (Corn Chamomile.) From Europe. Occasionally intro-
duced with grass seed.
[A. NOBiLis, L. (Garden Chamomile.) In old gardens.]

Achillea, L. Yarrow.

A. Millefolium, L. Fields; common.

[A. Ptarmica, L. (Sneezewort.) In old gardens; both single and
double.]

Chrysanthemum, Tourn. Ox-eye Daisy.

C. Leucanthemum, L. (Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam.) — (Ox-eye or
White Daisy. White-weed.) From Europe. Everywhere in grass
ground.

[C. Parthenium, Pers. (Feverfew.) In old gardens.]

Tanacetum, L. Tansy.

T. VULGARE, L. Roadsides everywhere ; European weed.
Artemisia, L. Wormwood.

A. VULGARIS, L. (Mugwort.) Near dwellings ; from Europe.
A. Absinthium, L. (Wormwood.) Escaped from cultivation ; Enfield,
etc. ; from Europe.
TussilagO, Tourn. Coltsfoot. *

T. Farfara, L. Clayey soil, along brooks. Thought to have come from
Europe, but now found far from cultivation.
Petasites, Tourn. Sweet Coltsfoot.

[P. palmata, Gray. (Nardosmia palmata, Hook.) A rare plant reported
on both our northern and southern borders, and probably within our
limits.]

Senecio, Tourn. Groundsel.

S. vulgaris, L. In cultivated grounds; not common; from Europe.
S. aureus, L. (Golden Ragwort.) Several varieties ; in both wet and dry
ground.

Erechtites, Raf. Fireweed.

E. hieracifolia, Raf. Clearings that have been burned over. This and
Epilobium augustifolium are the most common Fireweeds.
Arctium, L. Burdock.

A. Lappa, L. (Lappa officinalis, All.) Roadsides ; very common and
variable ; from Europe.

24 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

CniCUS, Tourn. Thistle.

C. LANCEOLATUS, Hoffiii. (Cirsium, Scop.) — (Common Thistle.) From
Europe. In pastures.

C. altissimus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. (Cirsium discolor, Sprang.)
Fields, etc.

C. muticus, Pursh. (Cirsium, Michx.) — (Swamp Thistle.) Common.

C. pumilus, Torr. (Cirsium, Spreng.) — (Pasture Thistle.) Fields; com-
mon.

C. ARVENSis, Hoffm. (Cirsium, Scop.) — (Canada Thistle.) Everywhere.
Introduced from Europe, by way of Canada, during the Revolutionary
war.
Krigia, Schreber. Dwarf Dandelion.

K. Virginica, Willd. Hanover, N. H. ; Olcott, Vt., etc.
Cichorium, Tourn. Chicory or Succory.

C. Intybus, L. Fields and roadsides. Hanover, etc. From Europe.
Tragopogon, L. Goat's-beard.

T. PORRiFOLius, L. (Salsify. Oyster-plant.) New London, Sargent ; Han-
over, etc. A garden escape.
Hieracium, Tourn. Hawkweed.

H. AURANTIACUM, L. From Europe. Found several times by the road-
side ; Norwich, Vt. ; Royalton, Vt., Waj'd.

H. Canadense, Michx. Dry woods ; frequent.

H. paniculatum, L. Open woods; not uncommon.

H. venosum, L. (Rattlesnake-weed.) Woods and plains ; common.

H. scabrum, Michx. Dry woods ; very common.

H. Gronovii, L. Not common. Dr. Barrows.
Prenanth.es, Vaill. Rattlesnake-root.

P. alba, L. (Nabalus, Hook.) — (White Lettuce.) Borders of rich woods.

P. serpejitaria, Pursh. (Nabalus Fraseri, DC.) — (Lion's-foot.) Borders
of woods ; not rare.

P. altissima, L. (Nabalus, Hook.) Rich, moist woods.
Taraxacum, Haller. Dandelion.

T. OFFICINALE, Weber. (T. Dens-leonis, Desf.) Fields and pastures;
introduced from Europe.
Lactuca, Tourn. Wild Lettuce.

L. Canadensis, L. Borders of fields ; common.

L. integrifolia, Bigel. (L. Canadensis, var. integrifolia, Torr. & Gray.)
With the above.

L. hirsuta, Muhl. (L. Canadensis, var. sanguinea, Torr. & Gray.) Not
uncommon.

L. leucophaea, Gray. (Mulgedium, DC.) — (Blue Lettuce.) Low grounds;
common.
Sonchus, L. Sow-Thistle.

S. OLERACEUS, L. Waste heaps ; common.

S. ASPER, Vill. North Pomfret, Vt., A. P. Morgan. Both European
weeds.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 25

Order 43, LOBELIACEJE. Lobelia Family.
Xobelia, L.

L. cardinalis, L. (Cardinal-flower.) Borders of streams and ponds in
Lebanon, Canaan, New London, Hanover, etc., N. H. ; and also in Ver-
mont. Sometimes rose-color or nearly white.

L. spicata, Lam. In gravelly soil.

L. Kalmii, L. Near ponds and streams. Pomfret. Morgan ; Sharon, Dr.
Baxter ; Chelsea and Olcott, Vt. ; Olcott Falls, N. H., Sargent.

L. inflata, L. (Indian Tobacco.) Fields; very common.

L. Dortmanna, L. (Water Lobelia.) In ponds; New London, Sargent;
Canaan, Plainfield, etc. Not very rare. .

Order 44. CAMPANULACE-ffi. Campanula Family.

"Specularia, Heister. Venus's Looking-glass.

S. perforata, A. DC. Sterile grounds.
Campanula, Tourn. Bellflower.

C. RAPUNCULOIDES, L. Escaped from gardens ; a EurojDean species.

C. rotundifolia, L. (Harebell.) Rocky or sandy banks ; common.

C. aparinoides, Pursh. (Marsh Bellflower.) Wet meadows; in the grass.

Order 45. ERICACEJE. Heath Family.
-Gaylussacia, HBK.

G. resinosa, Torr. & Gray. (Huckleberry.) Swamps; Hanover and Leba-
non, N. H.; Hartford, Vt. ; not abundant.
VaCCinium, L. Blueberry. Bilberry. Cranberry.

V. Pennsylvanicum, Lam. (Low Blueberry.) Very common and ripe
early.

V. Canadense, Kalm. (Canada Blueberry.) Swamps and low grounds;
common.

V. vacillans, Solander. (Half-high Blueberry.) Hanover, N. H. ; Hart-
ford and Fairlee, Vt. ; N. Pomfret, Vt., Morgan. Not common; inter-
mediate in size between the preceding and the next.

V. corymbosum, L. (High or Swamp Blueberry.) Ripens later; abundant
and variable.

V. uliginosum, L. (Bog Bilberry.) Moosilauke Mt., Flint.

V. Vitis-Idaea, L. (Cowberry. Mountain Cranberry.) Moosilauke Mt.,
Flint ; Cardigan Mt., A. Fairbanks.

V. Oxycoccus, L. (Small Cranberry.) Bogs; frequent.

V. macrocarpon. Ait. (Common Cranberry.) Bogs ; common.
Chiogenes, Salisb. Creeping Snowberry.

C. serpyllifolia, Salisb. (C. hispidula, Torr. & Gray.) Bogs and moun-
tain woods : abundant.

ArctOStaphylos, Adans. Bearberry.

A. Uva-ursi, Spreng. Fairlee Cliffs, Vt., F. O. Groi'er ; and not rare both
north and south of our limits.

26 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Epigsea, L. Trailing Arbutus. Ma3'-flower of New England.

E. repens, L. Woods and clearings ; abundant.
Gaultheria, Kalm. Wintergreen or Checkerberry.

G. procumbens, L. Woods ; very common.

Andromeda, L.

A. polifolia, L. Peat bogs. Lebanon, Meriden, Canaan, etc.
A. ligustrina, Muhl. Wet grounds ; Enfield, v^. G. Atzvell ; Sunapee Lake^
B. P. miggles.
Cassandra, Don. Leather-Leaf.

C. calyculata, Don. Swamps ; common.
Kalmia, L. Laurel.

K. angustifolia, L. (Sheep Laurel.) Common.

K. glauca. Ait. (Pale Laurel.) Cold bogs. Lebanon, Meriden, Hanover, etc
K. latifolia, L. (Mountain Laurel. Spoon-wood.) Ashland, on Squam
Lake, Sargent ; more common southward.
Rhododendron, L. Rose Bay. Azalea. Rhodora.

R. nudiflorum, Torr. (Azalea nudiflora, L.) — (Purple Azalea.) Swamps;
Lebanon and New London, N. H. ; Norwich, Windsor, Ludlow, and
Hartford, Vt. ; not abundant.
R. viscosum, Torr. (Azalea viscosa, L.) — (White Azalea.) Sunapee Lake,.

B. P. Riiggles. Not common. *"

R. Rhodora, Don. (Rhodora Canadensis, L.) Peat swamps. Meriden,.
Dr. Barrows ; Hanover, Jesup ; Canaan, Wallace ; Plymouth, Sargent.
R. maximum, L. (Great Laurel.) This superb plant has been found in
North Grantham, C. H. Hitchcock, Dr. Barrows, G. C. Barton.
Ledum, L. Labrador Tea.

L. latifolium. Ait. Cold bogs and mountain woods. Lebanon, E. A.
Mack ; Bear Pond in Canaan, Wallace ; Cardigan Mt., A. Fairbanks ; New
London, Carter ; and probably not infrequent.
Loiseleuria, Desv. Alpine Azalea.

L. procumbens, Desv. Moosilauke Mt., A. Fairbanks.
Chimaphila, Pursh. Pipsissewa.

C. umbellata, Nutt. (Prince's Pine.) Dry woods.
C. maculata, Pursh. With the above.
Moneses, Salisb. One-flowered Pyrola.

M. grandiflora, Salisb. (M. uniflora. Gray.) Woods. Lebanon and Han-
over, N. H.; Norwich and Royalton, Vt.
Pyrola, Tourn. Wintergreen. Shin-Leaf.

P. secunda, L. All the species common in rich woods.

P. chlorantha, Swartz. Woods.

P. elliptica, Nutt. (Shin-Leaf.) Woods.

P. rotundifolia, L. Woods ; several varieties.

Pterospora, Nutt. Pine-drops.

P. Andromedea, Nutt. " Parasitic apparently on the roots of pines ;" very
rare. Lebanon, near Olcott Falls, Jesnp.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

27

Monotropa, L.

M. uniflora, L. (Indian Pipe.) Dark woods ; common.
M. Hypopitys, L. (Pine-sap.) Under pine trees. North Pomfret, Vt,,.
Morgan ; Royalton, Vt., IVard.

Order 46. PRIMULACEJE. Primrose Family.

Trientalis, L.

T. Americana, Pursh. (Star-flower.) Wet woods.

Steironema, Raf.

S. ciliatum, Raf. (Lysimachia ciliata, L.) Low grounds; common.
S. lanceolatum, var. hybridum, Gray. (Lysimachia lanceolata, Walt.)'
Banks of Conn, river.

Lysimachia, Tourn. Loosestrife.

L. quadrifolia, L. (Four-leaved Loosestrife.) Woods; common.

L. stricta. Ait. (Strict Loosestrife.) Low grounds ; common.

L. thyrsiflora, L. (Tufted Loosestrife.) Mud Pond, Plainfield, N. H.,

Dr. Barrotvs ; Royalton, Vt., Ward.
L. nummularia, L. (Moneywort.) A troublesome weed in dooryards ,^
European.
Anagallis, Tourn. Pimpernel.

A. ARVENSis, L. An occasional weed in gardens ; European.

Order 47. OLEACE..S1. Olive Family.

Fraxinus, Tourn. Ash.

F. Americana, L. (White Ash.) Common in rich woods.

F. pubescens. Lam. (Red Ash.) Squam Lake, N. H. ; Randolph, Vt.,.

Bates; occasionally seen.
F. sambucifolia, Lam. (Black or Brown Ash.) Swamps; common.
LigUStrum, Tourn. Privet.

L. vulgare, L. Naturalized in places. Dr. Barroivs. From Europe;

used for hedges.

[Chionanthus Virginica (The Fringe-tree of the South), Syringa
VULGARIS (Common Lilac), and S. Persica (Persian Lilac), are in com-
mon cultivation.]

Order 48. APOCYNACEJE. Dogbane Family.

ApOCynum, Tourn.

A. androsaemifolium, L. (Dogbane.) Borders of thickets ; common.
A. cannabinum, L. (Indian Hemp.) River-banks ; frequent.

Order 49. ASCLEPIADACEJE. Milkweed Family.

Asclepias, L. Milkweed. Silkweed.

A. tuberosa, L. (Butterfly-weed.) Dry fields.

A. purpurascens, L. (Purple Milkweed.) Charlestown, N. H. ,/);-. Cnzzw/
Royalton, Vt., Ward.

:28 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

A. incarnata, L, (Swamp Milkweed.) Swamps; common.

var. pulchra, Pars. With the type.
-A. Cornuti, Decaisne. (Common Milkweed.) Everywhere.
A. obtusifolia, Michx. Roadsides ; not common.
A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. (Poke Milkweed.) Common.
A. quadrifolia, L, Woods; not rare.
A. verticillata, L. Geological Survey of N. H. ; probably rare.

Vincetoxicum, Moench.

V. NIGRUM, Moench. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; rare, introduced from
Europe.

Order 50. GENTIAN ACE-ffiJ. Gentian Family.

'Gentiana, Tourn. Gentian.

G. crinita, Froel. (Fringed Gentian.) Moist meadows. Hanover Centre,

Lyme, etc. ; not abundant.
G. quinqueflora, Lam. (Five-flowered Gentian.) Hillside woods and

fields. Hanover, Lebanon, etc., Jesup ; not very common.
G. Andrewsii, Griseb. (Closed Gentian.) Wet ground ; common.
Menyanthes, Tourn. Buckbean.

M. trifoliata, L. In ponds and bogs. Hanover and Meriden, N. H. ;
Norwich, Vt. ; etc.
Limnanthemum, Gmelin. Floating-Heart.
L. lacunosum, Griseb. In ponds ; common.

Order 51. POLEMONIACEJE. Polemonium Family.
Phlox, L. Phlox.

[P. PANICULATA, P. REPTANS and P. SUBULATA (Moss Pink), perennials ;
also P. drummondii, an annual ;— all from the West and South; have long
been cultivated in old gardens.]

Polemonium, Tourn. Greek Valerian.

[P. c.^ruleum (Jacob's Ladder) of the Middle States, a rare native of
New Hampshire, is often cultivated; as also is P. reptans (Greek Vale-
rian) from the same region.]

Order 52. HYDROPHYLLACEJE. Waterleaf Family.

Hydrophyllum, Tourn. Waterleaf.

H. Virginicum, L. (Common Waterleaf.) Damp woods.

Order 53. BORRAGINACE^. Borage Family.

■CynOglOSSUm, Tourn. Hound's-Tongue.

C. officinale, L. (Common Hound's-Tongue.) Pastures and roadsides ;

from Europe.
C. Virginicum, L. (Wild Comfrey.) Olcott Falls, etc.
Jlchinospermum, Lehm. Stickseed.

E. Virginicum, Lehm. (Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC.) — (Beggar's Lice.)

Borders of woods.
E. Lappula, Lehm. Waste heaps ; European weed.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 29.

MyOSOtis, Dill. Forget-me-not.

M. laxa, Lehm. (M. palustris, var. laxa, Gray.) Hanover, N. H.; Sharon,.

Vt., Dr. Baxter ; Randolph, Vt., Rev. J. A. Bates.
M. arvensis, Hoffm. Sharon, Vt., Dr. Baxter ; Hanover, N. H. ; a garden

weed.
M. verna, Nutt. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; not common.

[M. PALUSTRIS. Withering. This species, the true Forget-me-not of
Europe, is cultivated, and possibly spontaneous.]

Lithospermum, Tourn. Gromwell.

L. ARVENSE, L. West Lebanon, Dr. E. E. Phelps ; not often seen.
L. OFFICINALE, L. Roadsides and pastures; both species European,
weeds.
Symphytum, Tourn. Comfrey.

S. OFFICINALE, I.. A not common garden escape ; from Europe.
Echium, Tourn. Bugloss.

E. VULGARE, L. (Blue Thistle.) Hanover, N. H. ; Pomfret, Sharon, and.
Royalton, Vt. Roadsides and fields ; European.
Mertensia, Roth. Lungwort.

[M. ViRGiNiCA, DC. (Virginian Cowslip. Blue Bells.) A native of
the West and often cultivated.]

Order 54. CONVOLVULACEJE. Convolvulus Family.

Ipomoea, L. Morning-Glory.

[L Quamoclit (Cvpress-Vine), L coccinea (Scarlet Morning-Glory),
and I. PURPUREA (Common Morning-Glory) are everywhere in gardens.]'

Convolvulus, Tourn. Bindweed.

C. spithamsus, L. (Calystegia spithamaea, Pursh.) Dry fields; Han-
over, N. H., Jesup : Norwich, Vt., £. D. Kelley.

C. sepium, L. (Calystegia sepium, R. Br.)— (Hedge Bindweed.) Banks
of streams and variable.

var. Americanus, Sims, is glabrous and common,
var. repens, Gray, is pubescent.

C. arvensis, L. a smaller procumbent plant and common in old fields.
[A double flowering species, sold by the florists as *' Calystegia pubes-

cens from China," when once planted spreads rapidly.]

CuSCUta, Tourn. Dodder.

C. Gronovii, Willd. Low grounds; parasitic on herbs, etc. ; not rare.

Order 55. SOLANACEJE. Nightshade Family.

Solanum, Tourn. Nightshade.

S. Dulcamara, L. (Bittersweet.) Naturalized from Europe.

S. nigrum, L. (Common Nightshade.) Shaded grounds.
Physalis, L. Ground Cherry.

P. Virginiana, Mill. (P. viscosa, Gray's Man., 5th ed.) Sandy soils..

P. pubescens, L. An occasional weed ; neither species common.

30 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Nicandra, Adans. Apple of Peru.

N. PHYSALOIDES, Gaevtii. In waste ground, but not common. Native of
Peru.

Lycium, L. Matrimony-Vine.

L. VULGARE, Dunal. Near d^.vellings wliere it was once cultivated ; Euro-
pean.

HyOSCyamus, Tourn. Henbane.

H. NIGER, L. Rarely seen ; roadsides, etc. From Europe.

Datura, L. Jamestown-weed. Jimson-weed.

D. Stramonium, L. (Stramonium. Thorn Apple.) Waste heaps. From

Asia.
U. Tatula, L. (Purple Thorn Apple.) Waste heaps. From tropical

America.

[Cultivated species of this Order are : — Lycopersicum esculentum
(Tomato), Solanum tuberosum (Common Potato), and Nicotiana
Tabacum (Tobacco).]

Order 56. SCROPHULARIACEJE. Figwort Family.

Verbascum, L. Mullein,

V. Thapsus, L. (Common Mullein.) Fields everywhere,
V. Blattaria, L. (Moth Mullein.) Less common, both species Euro-
pean weeds.

Linaria, Tourn. Toad-Flax,

L. Canadensis, Dumont. Sandy soil ; common.

L. vulgaris, L. (Toad-Flax. Butter and Eggs.) Roadsides; European,

Scrophularia, Tourn. Figwort,

S, nodosa, L., var, Marilandica, Gray, Roadsides ; Lebanon, N. H.,
Jesup ; Royalton, Vt., Ward.

Ohelone, Tourn, Turtle-head. Snake-head.

C. glabra, L. Wet places; common.
Pentstemon, -Mitchell. Beard-tongue,

P, pubescens, Solander.. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; Norwich, Vt., G. A.
■ Loveland. Not common.

P, laevigatus, Solander, var. Digitalis, Gray, (P, Digitalis, Nutt,) Leb-
anon, perhaps introduced with grass-seed,
Mimulus, L, Monkey-flower,

M. ringens, L. Wet places ; common.
Gratiola, L. Hedge-Hyssop.

G. Virginiana, L. Wet places.

G. aurea, Muhl. Margins of ponds. Meriden, Dr. Barroivs.
Ilysanthes, Raf, False Pimpernel.

L riparia, Raf. (L gratioloides, Benth.) Sandy borders of ponds and
streams.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 3 1

Veronica, L. Speedwell.

V. Virginica, L. (Culver's-root.) Roadsides in rich soil ; not common,
appearing like a garden escape.

V. Anagallis, L. (Water Speedwell.) Ditches.

V. Americana, Schwein. (American Brooklime.) Brooks and ditches.

V. scutellata, L. (Marsh Speedwell.) Bogs.

V. officinalis, L. (Common Speedwell.) Clzremont, Dr. Bar?'07tis.

V. serpyllifolia, L. (Thyme-leaved Speedwell.) With grass; common.

V. peregrina, L. (Purslane Speedwell.) A weed in cultivated grounds.

V. ARVENSis, L. (Corn Speedwell.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows.

V. BuxBAUMii, Tenore. Hanover; a weed in gardens and lawns.
Gerardia, L. False Foxglove.

G. pedicularia, L. Dry woods. Fairlee Cliffs, Vt., etc.

G. tlava, L. (Downy False Foxglove.) Dry woods.

G. quercifolia, Pursh. (Oak-leaved Foxglove.) Wooded hillsides. Fair-
lee Cliffs, Vt., etc.

G. tenuifolia, Vahl. (Slender Foxglove.) Dry woods. Dr. Barrows.

PediCUlaris. Tourn. Lousewort.

P. Canadensis, L. Hanover, etc. Woods and banks.

Melampyrum, Tourn. Cow- Wheat.

M. Americanum, Michx. Woods. Common.

Order 57. OROBANCHACE^. Broom-r\pe Family.

EpiphegUS, Nutt. Beech-drops.
E. Virginiana, Bart. Usually under Beech trees. Hanover and New Lon-
don, N. H. ; Norwich and Royalton, Vt., not rare.

Conopholis, Wallroth. Cancer-root.

C. Americana, Wallroth. In old woods. Claremont, N. H., Dr. Graves ;
[West Rutland, Vt., Denslozv, beyond our limits.]

Aphyllon, Mitchell. Naked Broom-rape.

A. uniflorum. Gray. Borders of woods ; not rare.

Order 58. LENTIBULARIACEJE. Bladderwort Family.

Utricularia, L. Bladderwort.

U. inflata, Walt. Claremont, Z>r. Graves; ponds.

U. vulgaris, L. (Common Bladderwort.) Ponds; common.

U. minor, L. Claremont, Dr. Barrozvs.

U. gibba, L. Claremont, Dr. Barro^vs ; West Lebanon, Dr. Kennedy.

U. intermedia, Hayne. Marshes and shallow pools; Canaan, etc.; not

rare.
U. purpurea, Walt. Goose Pond, Canaan ; rare.
U. cornuta, Michx. Sandy margins of ponds. Plainfield, Canaan, New

London, etc. ; rather common.

32 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order 59. VERBENACE^. Vervain Family.

Verbena, Tourn. Vervain.

V. urticaefolia, L. (White Vervain.) Common.

V. angustifolia, Michx. . In an old pasture near Hanover; rare so far

north.
V. hastata, L. (Blue Vervain.) Roadsides; common.

[The Verbenas of the gardens are hybrid forms derived from a number of
South American species, including one (V. Aubletia) which is indigenous
to the West and South.]

Phyrma, L. Lopseed.

P. Leptostachya, L. Woods ; common.

Order 60. LABIATE. [Mint Family.

Trichostema, L. Blue-curls. Bastard Pennyroyal.

T. dichotomum, L. Sandy fields.
Teucrium, Tourn. Germander.

T. Canadense, L. (Wood Sage.) Near Conn, river. Hanover, N. H. p
Olcott, Vt. ; etc.

Mentha, Tourn. Mint.

M. VIRIDIS, L. (Spearmint.) Wet places ; common; European.

M. piperita, L. (Peppermint.) Along brooks ; frequent; European.

M. Canadensis, L. Like the above, in wet places; common.

M. SATIVA, L. (Whorled Mint.) Plymouth, Sa^-gent. A garden escape,,
perhaps.
Lycopus, Tourn. Water Plorehound.

L. Virginicus, L. (Bugle-weed.) Marshes.

L. sinuatus, Ell. (L. Europaeus, L., var. sinuatus. Gray.) Common in wet
grounds.
Pycnanthemum, Michx, Mountain Mint.

P. lanceolatum, Pursh. Claremont, D?-. Barrows ; not common.

P. muticum, Pers. Royalton, Vt., Ward.

P. incanum, Michx. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; rare.

Origanum, Tourn. Wild Marjoram.

O. vulgare, L. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; rare; from Europe.
Calamintha, Tourn. Calamint.

C. Clinopodium, Benth. (Wild Basil.) Low woods.

Hedeoma, Pers. American Pennyroyal.

H. pulegioides, Pers. Barren fields. Common.

Monarda, L. Horse-Mint.

M. didyma, L. In old gardens called " Bee Balm ; " infrequent in a wild

state.
M. punctata, L. (Horse-Mint.) CXzxeraowt, Dr. Barrows ; introduced.
M. fistulosa, L., var. mollis, Benth. (Wild Bergamot.) In gardens;

indigenous in Vt., Perkins.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 33

Blephilia, Raf.

E. hirsuta, Benth. Killington Mt., Vt., Dejislow.

Nepeta, L.

N. Cataria, L. (Catnip.) Near dwellings.

N. Glechoma, Benth. (Ground Ivy.) Dooryards, etc. Both species Eu-
ropean weeds.

Scutellaria, L. Skullcap.

S. lateriflora, L. (Mad-dog Skullcap.) Wet shady places.

S. galericulata, L. With the preceding ; both species common.

Brunella, Tourn. Self-heal.
B. vulgaris, L. Fields ; common.

Physostegia, Benth. False Dragon-head.

P. Virginiana, Benth. Hartford, Vt. ; Lebanon, N. H. ; m gardens, some-
times escaping to the roadsides. Native in Vermont.

MarrubiurQ, Tourn. Horehound.

M. vuLGARE, L. Escaped from gardens into waste places ; European.

Leonurus, L. Motherwort.

L. Cardiaca, L. Around dwellings ; a weed from Europe.

Lamium, L. Dead-Nettie.

L. amplexicaule, L. In cultivated grounds ; rare.
L. maculatum, L. a garden escape; both European.

Galeopsis, L. Hemp-Nettle.

G. Tetrahit, L. (Common Hemp-Nettle.) Waste places ; common.
G. Ladanum, L. (Red Hemp-Nettle.) Hanover, Qtc, Flmt ; rare; both
European.

Stachys, Tourn. Hedge-Nettle.
S. palustris, L. Near streams.

S. aspera, Michx. (S. palustris, var. aspera. Gray.) Wet grounds ; not
uncommon.

[Old gardens furnish other Labiate plants, such as OciMUM Basilicum
(Sweet Basil), Lavandula vera (Lavender), Hyssopus officinalis
(Hyssop), Thymus Serpyllum (Creeping Thyme), Satureia horten-
sis (Summer Savory), Melissa officinalis (Balm), Salvia officinalis
(Common Sage), etc. ; — all from Europe.

Order 6i. PLANTAGINACE^. Plantain Family.

PlantagO, Tourn. Plantain.

P. MAJOR, L. (Common Plantain.) A European weed.
P. Rugellii, DecT (P. Kamtschatika, Gray's Man., 5th ed.) As common as
the preceding and generally mistaken for it, Jestip. (Gray's Flora of N.
A., Vol. II, Part I, p. 389.)
P. LANCEolata, L. (Rib-grass. English Plantain.) Dooryards and dry
fields; common.
3

34 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Division III. APETALOUS EXOGENS.

Order 62. ILLECEBRACEJE. Knotwort Family.
(Formerly included in CARYOPHYLLACEyE.)

Anychia, Michx. Forked Chickweed.

A. capillacea, DC. (A. dichotoma, var. capillacea, Torr.) Dry woods.
Geological Sii7'Z'ey of N'. H.

Scleranthus, L. Knawel.

S. ANNUUS, L. Waste places ; from Europe.

Order 63. AMARANTACE-SJ. Amaranth Family.

AmarantUS, Tourn. Amaranth.

A. hypochondriacus, L. (Red Amaranth.) Escaped from gardens.

A. PANICULATUS, L. A weed in gardens.

A. retroflexus, L. (Hogweed. Pigweed.) Cultivated ground.

A. chlorostachys, Wind. (A. retroflexus, var. chlorostachys, Gray.)

Cultivated ground.

var. HYBRIDUS, Watson. (A. retroflexus, var. hybridus, Gray.) All
the above from tropical America.
A. albus, L. (Tumble Weed.) A coarse weed.

[Cultivated species of this Order : — Celosia cristata (Common Cocks-
comb), and Gomphrena globosa (Globe Amaranth); both from India.]

Order 64. CHENOPODIACE-ffi. Goosefoot Family.

Chenopodiura, Tourn. Pigweed. Goosefoot.

C. polyspermum, L. Claremont, Dr. Barrows. European.

C. ALBUM, L. (Lamb's Quarters. Pigweed.) Very common. European.

C. URBiciJM, L. Claremont, Dr. Barrows. European.

C. hybridum, L. (Maple-leaved Goosefoot.) Introduced from New York.

C. GLAUCUM, L. (Oak-leaved Goosefoot.) European.

C. Bonus-Henricus, L. (Blitum Bonus-Henricus, Reich.) — (Good King

Henry.) European.
C. capitatum, Watson. (Blitum capitatum, L.) — (Strawberry Blite.)

Around dwellings ; infrequent.
C. BOTRYS, L. (Jerusalem Oak.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; Hanover,

etc. ; European.
C. AMBROSioiDES, L. (Mexican Tea.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; from

tropical America.

Roubieva, Moquin.

R. MULTIFIDA, Moq. (Chenopodium multifidum, L.) Claremont, Dr.

Barrows. All the above plants of this Order are weeds in the vicinity

of cultivated grounds or dwellings.

[Cultivated species of this Order include: — Beta vulgaris (Common
Beet), and Spinachia oleracea (Common Spinach), both from Europe.]

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 35

Order 65. PHYTOLACCACEJE. Pokeweed Family.

Phytolacca, Tourn. Pokeweed.

P. decandra, L. Roadsides. Dr. Barroius. More common in southern
New England.

Order 66. POLYGONACEJE. Buckwheat Family.

Humex, L. Dock. Sorrel.

[R. Patientia. L. (Patience Dock.) This plant of northern Vt., and
central Mass., should be within our limits.]

R. Britanica, L. (R. orbiculatus, Gray) — (Great Water-Dock.) Swamps.
R. altissimus, Wood. (R. Britanica, Gray)— (Pale Dock.) Claremont,

Dr. Barrows.
R. verticillatus, L. (Swamp Dock.) Killington Mt., Vt., Denslow.
R. CRispus, L. (Curled Dock.) Very common everywhere.
R. OBTUSiFOLius, L. (Bitter Dock.) Fields and roadsides.
R. sanguineus, I>. Bloody-veined Dock.) Royalton, Vt., etc.. Ward.
R. AcETOSELLA, L. (Sheep Sorrel.) The last four are weeds in fields and

pastures. European.
Hheura, L. Rhubarb.

R. Rhaponticum, L. (Garden Rhubarb or Pie Plant.) Escaped from

cultivation. Native of Asia.
Polygonum, Tourn. Knotweed. Smartweed. Bindweed.

P. aviculare, L. (Knotgrass.) Roadsides, dooryards, etc. Common.

P. erectum, L. (P. aviculare, var. erectum, Roth.) With the above.

P. tenue, Michx. Dry fields.

P. Pennsylvanicum, L. Fields ; very common.

P. amphibium, L. (Water Smartweed.) Windsor, Vt., Lelattd ; Sharon

and Hartford, Vt. ; Hanover and Enfield, N. H. ; etc. In or near ponds.
P. Muhlenbergii, Watson. (P. amphibium, var. terrestre, Gray's Man.,

5th ed.) Border of ponds.
P. ORIENTALE, L. (Prince's Feather.) In old gardens; from India.
P. Persicaria, L. (Lady's Thumb.) Fields ; European.
P. hydropiperoides, Michx. (Water-pepper.) Shallow water.
P. Hydropiper, L. (Water-pepper.)
P. acre, HBK. (Water Smartweed.)

P. Virginianum, L. Banks of Conn, river, Windsor, Vt., Lelaiid.
P. arifolium, L. (Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb.) Wet grounds.
P. sagittatum, L. (Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.) Wet grounds.
P. Convolvulus, L. (Black Bindweed.) Fields ; European.
P. cilinode, Michx. On fences, etc. Common.
P. dumetorum, L., var. scandens. Gray. (Climbing False Buckwheat.)

Common.

[P. Hartwrightii, Gray. (Common in Vt., /"r^ /Vr/'/wj-.) May belong here.]
Pagopyrum, Tourn. Buckwheat.

F. esculentum, Moench. (Buckwheat.) Old fields.

F. Tataricum, Gaertn. (India Wheat.) Both species cultivated ; Asiatic.

36 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order 67. ARISTOLOCHIACEiE. Birthwort Family.

Asarum, Tourn. Wild Ginger.

A. Canadense, L. Rich woods.
Aristolochia, Tourn. Birthwort.

[A. SiPHO, L'Her. (Pipe Vine. Dutchman's Pipe.) A native of Penn.

and Va., and sometimes planted for arbors.]

Order 68. LAURACE-Sl. Laurel Family.
Sassafras, Nees.

S. officinale, Nees. Plainfield, N. H., Miss Stevens ; Springfield, Vt., Reir.

S. Hay war d ; Charlestown, N. H.; Randolph, Orange, and Pomfret,

Vt. ; rare ; southward it is common.
Xiindera, Thunb. Spice-wood. Benjamin-bush.

[L. Benzoin, Blume. A shrub found in Vermont [Prof. Perkins) and
probably within our limits.]

Order 69. THYJMELJEACE-S]. Mezereum Family.

Dirca, L. Leatherwood.

D. palustris, L. Rich woods; sometimes in swamps, common.

Daphne, L. Mezereum.

[D. Mezereum, L. An earl}' blooming garden shrub from Europe.]

Order 70. LORANTH ACE-ZB. Mistletoe Family.
Arceuthobium, Bieb.

A. pusillum. Peck. (Dwarf Mistletoe.) Found parasitic on Picea nigra
(Black Spruce) in a swamp in Lebanon (1883); also near Bear Pond,
Canaan (1883), ye-j-?//. Probably rare. It is also found in the Adiron-
dack region of N. Y., and is very injurious.

Order 71. SANTALACE-Sl. Sandalwood Family.

Comandra, Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax.

C. umbellata, Nutt. Canaan, J. B. Wallace.

Order 72. EUPHORBIACE^. Spurge Family.

Euphorbia, L. Spurge.

E. maculata, L. A common weed in gardens.

E. Preslii, Guss. (E. hypericifolia, Gray's Man., 5th ed.) Roadsides and
gardens.

E. Cyparissias, L. (Cypress Spurge.) Roadsides. Often seen in ceme-
teries.

E. Peflus, L. Dooryards. Hanover, Jesnp. The last two are European.
[E. marginata, Pursh., from the West, is cultivated.]

Acalypha, L. Three-seeded Mercury.

A. Virginica, L. A weed in cultivated ground; frequent.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 37

B-icinus, L. Castor-oil Plant.

[R. COMMUNIS, L. Very common in cultivation.]

Order 73. URTICACEJE. Nettle Family.

Xrimus, L. Elm.

U. fulva, Michx. (Red Elm. Slippery Elm.) Banks of streams ; not
rare.

U. Americana, L. (Common Elm. American or White Elm.) Abun-
dant.

U. racemosa, Thomas. (Corky White Elm.) Meriden, Dr. Barrows,
where a few large trees are found, apparently self sown. It is sometimes
planted, and at the West is a valuable tree and indigenous.
CJeltis, Tourn. Hackberry. Nettle Tree. Sugarberry.

C. occidentalis, L. Banks of Conn, river throughout the district, but not
abundant.

Cannabis, Tourn.

C. SATiVA, L. (Hemp.) Roadsides ; escaped from cultivation ; European.

Humulus, L. Hopvine.

H. Lupulus, L. Roadsides; frequent in cultivation.

TJrtica, Tourn. Nettle.

U. gracilis, Ait. (Common Nettle.) Fence rows ; common.

U. URENS, L. Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barroivs ; Royalton, Vt., Ward;
scarce.
Iiaportea, Gaudichaud.

L. Canadensis, Gaudich. (Wood-Nettle.) Rich woods.

Pilea, Lindl.

P. pumila, Gray. (Clearweed.) In shady places near dwellings.

3oehnieria, Jacq. False Nettle.

B. cylindrica, Willd. Shady and moist ground.

[MoRUS RUBRA, L., the Red Mulberry tree, is a native of central New
England. Morus nigra from the Levant with black fruit, and the white-
fruited MoRUS alba from China are occasionally planted.]

Order 74. PLATANACEJE. Plane-tree Family.

Platanus, L. Plane-Tree.

P. occidentalis, L. (Buttonwood or American Sycamore.) Meriden and
Hanover, N. H.; Hartford, Hartland, and Sharon, Vt. Not abundant
so far north, and commonly planted.

Order 75. JUGLANDACEiE. Walnut Family.

Juglans, L. Walnut.

J. cinerea, L. (Butternut.) Very common.

[J. nigra, L., the Black Walnut of the West, is often seen in private
grounds.]

38 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Carya, Nutt. Hickory.

C. alba, Nutt. (Shell-bark Hickory.) Claremont, N. H., Dr. Barrows ;^

Royalton, Vt., L. Wild.
C. porcina, Nutt. (Pig-nut. Hog Walnut.) Common.
C. amara, Nutt. (Bitter-nut.) Claremont and Lebanon, Dr. Barrows.

" Along the Conn, river on both sides," Flint.

Order 76. MYRICACEJE. Sweet-Gale Family.

Myrica, L.

M. Gale, L. (Sweet Gale.) Swamps; Hanover, Sunapee Lake, etc. ; not

uncommon.
M. asplenifoiia, Endl. (Comptonia asplenifolia, Ait.) — (Sweet Fern.) Dry-
hills ; common.

Order 77. CUPULIFERJE. Oak Family.

(Including Betulace.^, The Birch Family.)

Betula, Tourn. Birch.

B. lenta, L. (Black or Cherry Birch.) Throughout our limits, but less

common north of Hanover.
B. lutea, Michx. f. (Yellow Birch.) Common.
B. populifolia, Ait. (B. alba, var. populifolia, Spach.)— (American White

Birch. Gray Birch.) Not abundant, but very common in the centre of

the state.
B. alba, L. (European White Birch.) Litroduced at Hanover, where it

spreads rapidly.

B. papyrifera, Marsh. (B. papyracea, Ait.) — (Paper or Canoe Birch.
White Birch of northern New England.) Very common.

Alnus, Tourn. Alder.

A. viridis, DC. (Green or Mountain Alder.) Banks of Conn, river, Han-
over, etc.
A. incana, Willd. (Speckled Alder.) Common northward.
A. serrulata. Ait. (Smooth Alder.) Claremont, Dr. Graves. More abun-
dant southward.
Corylus, Tourn. Hazelnut.

C. rostrata, Ait. (Beaked Hazelnut.) Common.

C. Americana, Walt. (Wild Hazelnut.) Hartford, Vt., and Hanover, N.
H. ; not uncommon.
Ostrya, Micheli. Hop-Hornbeam.

O. Virginica, Willd. (Lever-wood. Iron-wood.) Common.
Carpinus, L. Hornbeam. Iron-wood.

C. Caroliniana, Walt. (C. Americana, Michx.) — (American Hornbeam.
Blue or Water Beech.) Common.
Quercus, L. Oak.

Q. alba, L. (White Oak.) More or less common on both sides of the
Conn, river.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 39

Q. coccinea, Wang., var. tinctoria, Gray. (Black Oak.) North Charles-
town, Flint ; and in a few towns in both states.

Q. rubra, L. (Red Oak.) The most abundant species. Other species on
our borders may yet be found within our limits.

Castanea, Toum. Chestnut.

C. sativa, Mill., var. Americana. (C. vesca, var. Gray's Man., 5th ed.)
Infrequent. Claremont is nearly the northern limit ; frequently planted
and growing well in sheltered places.

FagUS, Toum. Beech.

F. ferruginea, Ait. Varies greatly ; wood light colored or reddish, as grow
ing on dry or moist ground. iVbundant.

Order 78. SALICACEJE. Willow Family.

Salix, Tourn. Willow.

S. nigra, Marsh. (Black Willow.) The only native species tree-like in-
size.

S. lucida, Muhl. (Shining Willow.) Wet places; very handsome shrub.

S. FRAGiLis, L. (Brittle Willow.) Large tree; from Europe ; early intro-
duced.

S. ALBA, L. (White Willow.) Both this and the above with many vari-
eties, and hybrid forms.

S. Babylonica, Tourn. (Weeping Willow.) From Asia, and here known
only in the pistillate form.

S. longifolia, Muhl. (Long-leaved Willow.) Banks of the Conn, river at
Lebanon, N. H., and Windsor, Vt. Not very common.

S. rostrata, Richard. (S. livida, Wahl., var. occidentalis. Gray.) — (Beaked
Willow.) Common.

S. discolor, Muhl. (Glaucous Willow.) Very common everywhere.

S. humilis. Marsh. (Prairie Willow.) Dry ground; common.

S. tristis. Ait. (Dwarf Gray Willow.) With the above.

S. sericea, Marsh. (Silky Willow.) Not rare.

S. petiolaris. Smith. With the preceding.

S. PURPUREA, L. (Purple Willow.) From Europe; used for basket-work.

S. cordata, Muhl. (Heart-leaved Willow.) Very common and variable.

[In addition to the above, other species may occur on our mountains and
elsewhere. Numerous hybrid forms have been noted, making the precise
determination of the species at times impracticable. Salix fragilis and
S. ALBA are much intercrossed. S. discolor and S. huiMILis hybridize,
and small forms of the latter are not readily distinguished from S. tristis.
See description of Genus in Manual, 6th ed. by M. S. Bebb.]

Populus, Tourn. Poplar. Aspen.

[P. ALBA, L. (White Poplar. Abele Tree.) Cultivated from Europe,
and in the pistillate form only.]

P. tremuloides, Michx. (American Aspen.) Everywhere common.
P. grandidentata, Michx. (Great-toothed Poplar.) Frequent.

40 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

P. balsamifera, L. (Balsam Poplar.) Abundant near streams.

var. CANDICANS, Gray. (Balm of Gilead.) Commonly cultivated; never
spontaneous within this district, and perhaps European.

[P. MONILIFERA, Ait. (Cotton-wood.) In cultivation from the West ;
rarely spontaneous ]

[P. DILATATA, Ait. (Lombardy Poplar.) From Europe, in the pistillate
form only, and freely spreading by suckers.]

Order 79. EMPETIlACE.ffi. Crowrerry Family,

Empetrum, Tourn. Crowberry.

E. nigrum, L. (Black Crowberry.) Moosilauke Mt., Rev. J. Blake.

Order 80. CERATOPHYLLACE^. Hornwort Family.

Ceratophyllum, L. Hornwort.

C. demersum, L. Goose Pond in Canaan, George Pond in Enfield, N. H. ;
Fairlee Pond, Vt. ; etc. Not rare.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 4I

Subclass II. GYMNOSPERM^.

Order 81. CONIFERJE. Pine Family.

IPinuS, Tourn. Pine.

P. Strobus, L. (White Pine.) Very common; the most valuable species.
P. rigida, Miller. (Pitch Pine.) Sandy soil; more common farther south.
P. resinosa, Ait. (Red or Norway Pine.) Sparingly found throughout

our limits. " It is not a native of Europe, but was named from the town

of Norway in Maine." Robert Douglass.
P. SYLVESTRis, L. (Scotch Pine. Scotch Fir.) Already spontaneous in

Hanover.

Picea, Link. Spruce.

P. nigra, Link. (Abies nigra, Poir.)— (Black Spruce.) Swamps and cold
mountain woods ; common.

var. rubra, Engelm. With the above, "cones larger, bright red-brown."
Better timber than the type, and called by some lumbermen " Yellow
Spruce."
P. alba, Link. (Abies alba, Michx.)— (White Spruce.) Newport, N. H.,
Dr. Graves; Windsor, Vt., Leland ; Killington Mt., Vt., Z?e'«.y/^7t/ ; and
more or less throughout our limits.
Tsuga, Carriere. Hemlock.

T. Canadensis, Carr. (Abies Canadensis, Michx.)— (Hemlock.) Common.

Abies, Link. Fir.

A. balsamea. Miller. (Balsam Fir.) Damp woods and mountain swamps;
common.

Ijarix, Tourn. Larch.

L. Americana, Michx. (American Larch. Tamarack. Hackmatack.) Cold

swamps ; common.
L. EUROP.EA, L. (European Larch.) Widely planted, and in Hanover

spreading freely.

Thuya, Tourn. Arbor Yitae.

T. occidentalls, L. Commonly called White Cedar. Common in swamps
and on river-banks.
Juniperus, L. Juniper.

J. communis, L. (Common Juniper.) Claremont {Dr. Barro-ws), Han-
over, Orford, Enfield, Sutton, etc., N. H. ; Pomfret, Orange, Williams-
town, Vt. ; etc.

J. Virginiana, L. (Red Cedar.) Hanover, N. H. ; Fairlee, Vt, F. O.
Grover ; and in many places in the district, but not common.
Taxus, Tourn. Yew.

T. Canadensis, Willd. (T. baccata, var. Canadensis, Willd.)— (Ground
Hemlock.) Common.
[Among evergreens in cultivation will be found : — PiNUS Austriaca

(Austrian Pine), Picea excelsa (Norway Spruce), Abies pectinata

(European Silver Fir), etc.]

42 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS or ENDOGENOUS-
PLANTS.

Order 82. HYDROCHARIDACEJE. Frog's-bit Family.

Elodea, Michx. Water-weed.

E. Canadensis, Michx. (Anacharis Canadensis, Planchon.) Found in
slow streams and ponds. In a pool near Conn, river, Norwich, Vt. ; Dr.
B lane hard ; and doubtless elsewhere within our limits.
Vallisneria, L. Tape-Grass. Eel-Grass.

V, spiralis, L. Hanover, N. H., in Conn, river; Fairiee Pond, Vt. ; etc.

Order 83. ORCHIDACEJE. Orchis Family.

Microstylis, Nutt. Adder's-Mouth.

M. monophyllos, Lindl. Hanover, N. H. ; Pomfret, Union Village, and

Ascutney Mt., Vt.
M. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Shrewsbury and Killington Mts., Vt., Z>^;zj-/c7£/;

Pomfret and Ascutney Mt., Vt. ; New London, N. H., Sargent. Both

species in wet woods.

Liparis, Richard. Twayblade.

L. liliifolia, Richard. Banks of the Conn, river at Windsor, Vt., Leland.
L. Loeselii, Richard. Bogs and hillside pastures, Hanover, Meriden, Ply-
mouth, etc. ; not rare.

Calypso, Salisb. Calypso.

[C. borealis, Salisb. This rare and local plant of northern Vermont,
one of the most beautiful of its Order, is said by i9r. Blanehard X.o\i^iowx\&
in cold cedar swamps throughout Caledonia and Essex counties. He has
himself collected it in Ryegate, Barnet, and Peacham, just beyond our
northern limits, and it can hardly fail of being within these limits.]

Aplectrum, Nutt. Putty-root. Adam-and-Eve.

A. hiemale, Nutt. Walpole and Claremont, Dr. Barrozvs ; New London^
W. F. Carter. In rich, dark woods. Very rare.
Corallorhiza, Haller. Coral-root.

C. innata, R. Br. Damp woods ; not rare.
C. odontorhiza, Nutt. Norwich, Vt. ; rare.

C. multiflora, Nutt. Rich woods. Hanover, etc., and on both sides of the
Conn, river.

Listera, R. Brown. Twayblade.

L. cordata, R. Br. Moosilauke Mt., N. H., Flint ; Killington Mt., Vt.,.

Dens I (no.
L. convallarioides, Nutt. Mountain bogs.
Spiranthes, Richard. Ladies' Tresses.

S. latifolia, Torr. Moist banks. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; Union Village,
Vt., Blanchard ; Norwich, Vt., Sargent ; Royalton, Vt., Ward.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 45

S. Romanzoffiana, Cham. North Pomfret, Vt., Morgan ; Royalton, Vt.,

Ward ; Grantham, N. H., Barton ; Xew London, N. H., Carter.
S. cernua, Richard. Wet meadows ; common.

S. gracilis, Big. Sandy soil. Hanover and Plymouth, N. H. ; Norwich
and Royalton, Vt. ; etc. ; not rare.
Goodyera, R. Br. Rattlesnake-Plantain.
G. repens, R. Br. In rich woods ; not rare.
G. pubescens, R. Br. Rich woods ; frequent.
Arethusa, Gronov. Arethusa.

A. bulbosa, L. Near Goose Pond in Canaan, N. H., Dr. Barrows ; Peat
bogs, Hanover, N. H., Jesiip ; Pine Hill Ponds, Rutland, Vt., Denslotv ;
rare.
Calopogon, R. Br. Calopogon. Grass Pink.

C. pulchellus, R. Br. Bogs and moist pastures.
Pogonia, Juss. Pogonia.

P. ophioglossoides, Nutt. Bogs. Bear and Mud Ponds, Canaan; George
Pond, Enfield ; Hanover, etc., N. H. ; Waterman's Pond near Union Vil-
lage, Vt. ; etc.

Orchis, L.

O. spectabilis, L. (Showy Orchis.) Rich woods ; not rare.

[O. rotundifolia, Pursh. (Habenaria rotundifolia, Richard.) Sphagnous
bogs, Perkins's Vermont Flora. This rare species is likely to occur on our
northern borders.]

Habenaria, Willd. Rein-Orchis.

H. tridentata, Hook. Rich and moist woods ; not rare.

H. virescens, Spreng. (Greenish Orchis.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows.

H. bracteata, R. Br. (H. viridis, var. bracteata, Reichenb.) — (Bracted

Green Orchis.) Rich woods.
H. hyperborea, R. Br. (Northern Green Orchis.) Cold bogs, also wet

woods.
H. dilatata. Gray. (Northern White Orchis.) Pomfret, Sharon, Norwich,

Windsor, and Killington Mt., Vt. ; Hanover, N. H.; etc. Wet grounds.
H. obtusata. Rich. Killington Mt., Vt., Morgan, Denslo%v.
H. Hookeri, Torr. (Smaller Round-leaved Orchis.) Norwich and Sharon,.

Vt., iMorgan ; Hanover and Lyme, N. H. Woods; not rare.
H. orbiculata, Torr. (Larger Round-leaved Orchis.) Mountain woods;.

not uncommon.
H. blephariglottis, Torr, (White Fringed Orchis.) Grantham Mt., and

New London, N. H. ; Royalton, Vt. ; etc.
H. lacera, R. Br. Moist ground ; common.
H. psycodes. Gray. (Purple Fringed Orchis.) Swamps ; more common

than the next.
H. fimbriata, R. Br. (Purple Fringed Orchis.) Claremont, Dr. Barro^os ;

New London, Sargent. Spike not so dense, and flowers larger than the

preceding, and blooming two weeks earlier.

44 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

CJypripedium., L. Lady's Slipper. Moccasin-Flower.

C. arietinum, R. Br. (Ram's-Head. Lady's Slipper.) Ascutney Mt., Vt.,

Dr. Phelps ; Lyme, N. H., R. S. Alden ; Hanover, N. H., near Olcott

Falls, £. P. Barrows ; very rare.
C. parviflorum, Salisb. (Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper.) Sometimes with

the next, but not readily distmguished from it.
C. pubescens, Willd. (Larger Yellow Lady's Slipper.) Hanover, N. H. ;

Norwich, Vt. ; frequent.
'C. spectabile, Swartz. (Showy Lady's Slipper.) Swamps. Hanover, N.

H., F. H. Herrick ; Lebanon, N. H., Dr. Barrows ; Sharon, Vt., Dr.

Baxter ; Barnard, Vt., Ward. Not very abundant.
C. acaule. Ait. (Stemless Lady's Slipper.) Dry or moist woods; com-
mon.

Order 84. IRIDACEJE. Iris Family.

Tris, Tourn. Blue-Flag.

L versicolor. L. Swamps ; common.
Sisyrinchium, L. Blue-eyed Grass.

S. angustifolium. Mill. (S. Bermudiana, var. mucronatum. Gray.) Moist

meadows ; common.
S. anceps, Cav. (S. Bermudiana, var. anceps, Gray.) Same range as the
above.

[Garden plants of this Order belong to the following Genera :— Iris,
TiGRiDiA (Tiger-flower), Gladiolus (Sword Lily), and Crocus.]

Order 85. LILIACEJE. Lily Family.

Smilax, Tourn. Greenbrier. Cat-brier.

S. herbacea, L. (Carrion Flower.) River-banks ; not infrequent.

S. rotundifolia, L. (Greenbrier.) Thickets ; not common.
Allium, L. Onion.

A. tricoccum. Ait. (Wild Leek.) Rich woods; frequent on both sides of
the Conn, river.

A. SchcEnoprasum, L. (Chives.) Banks of the Conn, river at Windsor,
Vt., Lelaiid. In old gardens.

A. Canadense, Kalm. (Wild Garlic.) Moist meadows.
Ornithogalum, Tourn. Star-of-Bethlehem.

O. UMBELLATUM, L. Dooryards; common; European.

Hemerocallis, L. Day-lily.

H. lULVA, L. Roadsides, frequent and well established ; from Europe.

Convallaria, L. Lily of the Valley.

[C. MAJALIS, L. Common in gardens ; a native of Virginia, and some-
times escaping to the roadsides. Our plant is of European origin.]

Polygonatum, Tourn, Solomon's Seal.

P. biflorum, Ell. (Common Solomon's Seal.) Wooded banks and hill-
sides ; common.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 45;

P. giganteum, Dietrich. (Great Solomon's Seal.) River-banks ; rare ;,
Hartford, Vt., Ward.
Asparagus, Toum. Asparagus.

A. OFFICINALIS, L. A common garden escape; European.
Smilacina, Desf. False Solomon's Seal.

S. racemosa, Desf. (False Spikenard.) Moist copses.

S. stellata, Desf. Both banks of Conn, river; VXx month. Miss La ngd on ;-

etc.
S. trifolia, Desf. Sphagnous swamps ; somewhat rare.

Maianthemum, Wigg.

M. Canadense, Desf. (Smilacina bifolia, var. Canadensis, Gray.) Moist
woods ; very common.
Streptopus, Michx. Twist-Foot. Twisted-Stalk.

S. amplexifolius, DC. Claremont, Groton, Cube Mt., and Moosilauke Mt.,^.

N. H.; Pomfret and Killington Mt., Vt. ; etc.
S. roseus, Michx. Frequent in damp woods.
Clintonia, Raf. Clintonia.

C. borealis, Raf. Moist woods ; common.
Uvularia, L. Bellwort.

U. perfoliata, L. Claremont, D)-. Barroivs ; scarce.

U. grandiilora. Smith. Rich woods; not uncommon.
Oakesia, Watson. Sessile-leaved Bellwort.

O. sessilifolia, Watson. (Uvularia sessilifolia, L.) Common in low woods..
Erythronium, L. Adder's-Tongue.

E. Americanum, Ker. (Yellow Adder's-Tongue.) Very common in rich,
woodlands.
Lilium, L. Lily.

L. Philadelphicum, L. (Orange Lily.) Common in sandy, open woods.

L. Canadense, L. (Yellow Lily.) Moist meadows ; verv abundant.

[L. TIGRINUM, Ker. (Tiger Lily.) Sometimes spontaneous on the road-
side. From Eastern Asia.]

Medeola, Gronov. Lidian Cucumber-root.
M. Virginiana, L. Rich moist woods ; common.

Trillium, L. Wake Robin. Birthroot.

T. erectum, L. (Early Trillium.) Common in rich woods.

var. album, Pursh. Hartford, Vt., C. H. Hazen ; Chittenden, Vt., abun-
dant, Flint. Found with the type.
T. grandiflorum, Salisb. (Large-flowered Trillium.) The finest species of

the genus, and common in Vermont west of the Green Mts. It has been re^

ported from Woodstock and Thetford, Vt., and should be looked foi

elsewhere on our western border.
T. cernuum, L. (Nodding Trillium.) Claremont, Hanover, and Lebanon,.

N. H. ; Norwich, Vt., H. A. Nichols, Not abundant.
T. erythrocarpum, Michx. (Painted Trillium.) Moist woods ; common.

46 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Tofieldia, Hudson. False Asphodel.

T. glutinosa, Willd. Quechee Gulf, Vt., Leland ; very rare.

Veratrum, Tourn. False Hellebore,

V. viride, Ait. (American White Hellebore. Indian Poke.) Low grounds ;
common.

[The following Liliaceous plants are found in gardens: — Colchicum
AUTUMNALE from Europe, LiLiUM of many species from Europe and the
East, Frittillaria imperialis (Crown Imperial) from Asia, Tulipa Ges-
NERIANA (Common Tulip of many varieties) also Asiatic, SciLLA (Squill)
of several European species, MuscARi botryoides (Grape Hyacinth) from
Europe, Hyacinthus orientalis (Common Hyacinth) of the Levant,
FuNKiA (Day Lily) from Europe and the East, Yucca filamentosa of the
south-western United States, etc.]

Order 86. PONTEDERIACEJE. Pickerel-weed Family.

Pontederia, L. Pickerel-weed.

P. cordata, L. Ponds ; common and trimorphous.

Order 87. XYRIDACEJE. Yellow-eyed-grass Family.

Xyris, Gronov. Yellow-eyed Grass.

X. fiexuosa, Muhl. The typical form not yet reported.

var. pusilla. Gray. Sandy margins of streams and ponds. Meriden,
Canaan, etc., yesnp.

Order 88. JUNCACEJE. Rush Family.

Juncus, Tourn. Rush.

effusus, L. Marshes. A large and very common species,
filiformis, L. Low grounds, not very rare,
trifidus, L. Moosilauke Mt., Rev. J. Blake.
marginatus, Rostk. Sands of Conn, river.
Greenii, O. & T. Haverhill, Flint.
tenuis, Willd. Very common,
bufonius, L. (Toad Rush.) Roadsides,
pelocarpus, E. Meyer. Shores of Enfield Pond, Jesiip.
articulatus, I^. Wet grounds.

acuminatus, Michx. Wet places ; common and very variable,
nodosus, L. Swamps and banks of streams.
Canadensis, J. Gay. Common ; a late blooming species,
var. longicaudatus, Engelm.
var. coarctatus, Engelm.
Luzula, DC. Wood-Rush.

L. vernalis, DC. (L, pilosa, Willd.) Hanover, A. C. French ; Canaan,

Dr. Barrows ; not uncommon.
L. spadicea, DC, var. melanocarpa, Meyer. (L. parviflora, var. melano-

carpa. Gray.) Moosilauke Mt., Rev. J. Blake.
L. campestris, DC. Meadows ; common.
L. spicata, Desv. Moosilauke Mt., Rev. J. Blake.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 47

Order 89. TYPHACEJE. Cat-tail Family.

Typha, Tourn.

T. latifolia, L. (Common Cat-tail.)
Sparganium, Tourn. Bur-reed.

S. simplex, Huds. Borders of ])onds and streams,
var. androcladum, Engelm. The largest form ; common.
var. fluitans, Engelm. Not uncommon in ponds and streams.
var. angustifolium, Engelm. In ponds.
S. minimum, Fries. Pond holes, Norwich, Vt., Jesup ; probably not rare.

Order 90. ARACE.^. Arum Family.
Arisaema, Martius.

A. triphyllum, Torr. (Indian Turnip.) Common in rich woods.
A. Dracontium, Schott. (Dragon Arum.) Charlestown, Dr. Graves ;
rare.
Peltandra, Raf. Arrow Arum.

P. undulata, Raf. (P. Virginica, Kunth.) Mud Pond, Canaan, Jesup ;
Enfield. Ahvell. Perhaps not very common.
Calla, L. Water Arum.

C. palustris, L. Bogs. Claremont and Newport, Dr. Barrows; New
London, N. H., Carter ; Hartford, Springfield, and Sherburne, Vt. ; not
very common.

Symplocarpus, Salisb. Skunk Cabbage.

S. foetidus, Salisb. Wet places. Norwich and Thetford, Vt. ; etc. Not
as common as it is farther south.
Acorus, L. Sweet Flag. Calamus.

A. Calamus, L. Swamps ; everywhere.

Order 91. LEMNACE.^. Duckweed Family.

Ijemna, L. Duckweed.

L. minor, L. Floating in still water ; not infrequent in ponds and ditches.
Hanover and Enfield, N. H. ; Norw^ich, Vt. ; etc.

Spirodela, Schleid. Duckweed.

S. polyrrhiza, Schleid. (Lemna polyrrhiza, L.) In the same localities as the
preceding, and like it rarely ever found in flower or fruit; propagating by
winter buds. This species is less common than the preceding.

Order 92. ALISMACE^. Water-Plantain Family.

Alisma, L. Water-Plantain.

A. Plantago, L. Shallow water ; abundant and variable.

Sagittaria, L. Arrow-head.

S. variabilis, Engelm. In wet places ; several varieties. *

S. graminea, Michx. Lebanon, Hanover, etc. ; not rare near ponds.

48 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order 93. NAIADACE-SJ. Pondweed Family.

Scheuchzeria, L.

S. palustris, L. Cranberry Pond on Grantham Mt., N. H. ; Waterman's-

Pond near Union Village, Vt. ; etc. ; Jesup.
Potamogeton, Tourn. Pondweed.
P. natans, L. Ponds and streams.

P. Oakesianus, Robbins. Cranberry Pond on Grantham Mt.
P. Pennsylvanicus, Cham. (P. Claytonii, Tuckerm.) Common in ponds

and streams.
P. Spinllus, Tuckerm. Streams and ponds.
P. hybridus, Michx. Shallow ponds.
P. rufescens, Schrad. Windsor, Vt. ; infrequent.
P. fluitans, Roth. (P. lonchites. Tuck.) Conn, river; common.
P. amplifolius, Tuckerm. Ponds and large rivers.
P. heterophyllus, Schreb. (P. gramineus, Fries.) Conn, river; common

and variable.
P. perfoliatus, L. Conn, river ; common.

var. lanceolatus, Robbins. Conn, river.
P. zosteraefolius, Schum. (P. compressus. Fries.) Randolph, Vt., J. W.

Freley ; Fairlee Pond, Vt. ; George Pond, Enfield, N. H.
P. pauciflorus, Pursh. Pools.
P. pusillus, L. Shallow pools; not rare.

P. Tuckermani, Robbins. Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; scarce.
P. pectinatus, L. In Conn, river ; abundant.
P. Robbinsii, Oakes. Mascoma Creek near West Lebanon, and George:

Pond, Enfield, N. H.; Fairlee Pond, Vt. Common.

[Other species than the above are probably within our limits.]
Zannichellia, Micheli. Horned Pondweed.

Z. palustris, L. Ponds. Clzxemont, Dr. Barrows ; scarce.
Naias, L. Naiad.

N. flexilis, Rostk. & Schmidt. Ponds ; rather common.

Order 94. ERIOCAULEJE. Pipewort Family.

Ericaulon, L. Pipewort.

E. septangulare, With. Sandy borders of ponds ; common.

Order 95. CYPERACEJE. Sedge Family.

Cyperus, Tourn. Galingale.

C. diandrus, Torr. Low ground, and variable.

C. aristatus, Rottb. (C. inflexus, Muhl.) Shores of Conn, river.

C. filiculmis, Vahl. Dry, sterile soil ; common.

C. dentatus, Torr. Margins of ponds.

C. esculentus, L. (C. phymatodes, Muhl.) Low ground, spreading by

root-like tubers.
C. strigosus, L. Very common.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

49

Dulichium, Pers.

D. spathaceum, Pers. Marshes ; common.
Eleocharis, R. Br. Spike-Rush.

E. Robbinsii, Oakes. In ponds, rather rare ; George Pond, Enfield ; etc.
E. ovata, R. Br. (E. obtusa, Schultes.) Wet places.

E. olivacea, Torr. Mouth of Mascoma river, Lebanon, Jesup.
E. palustris, R. Br. Wet places, and very variable in size, etc.
E. intermedia, Schultes. N. Pomfret, Vt., A. P. Morgan,
E. tenuis, Schultes. Wet places ; very common.

E. acicularis, R. Br. Muddy shores; abundant.

Fimbristylis, Vahl.

F. autumnalis, Roem. & Schultes. Low grounds.
F. capillaris, Gray. Sandy fields.

Scirpus, Tourn. Bulrush or Club-Rush.

S. pungens, Vahl. Borders of ponds ; common.

S. Torreyi, Olney. Borders of ponds.

S. lacustris, L. (S. validus, Vahl.) — (Great Bulrush.) Very common.

S. debilis, Pursh. Near ponds throughout the district.

S. sylvaticus, L., var. digynus, Boeckl. (S. microcarpus, Presl.) Along
brooks ; common.

S. atrovirens, Muhl. Wet meadows ; common.
Eriophorum, L. Cotton-Grass.

E. cyperinum, L. (Scirpus Eriophorum, Michx.) Wet meadows ; quite
variable ; lateral spikelets sometimes long pedicelled.

E. alpinum, L. Cold bogs. Not rare ; an early species.

E. vaginatum, L. Peat bogs, Lebanon; not very common.

E. Virginicum, L. Low meadows; a variety has white wool.

E. polystachyon, L. Low meadows. Somewhat variable ; very common.

E. gracile, Koch. Low meadows ; frequent.
Rhynchospora, Vahl. Beak-Rush.

R. fusca, Roem. & Schultes. Cranberry Pond on Grantham Mt. ; rare.

R. alba, Vahl. Bogs ; common.

R. glomerata, Vahl. Low grounds; common.
Cladium:, P. Browne. Twig-Rush.

C. mariscoides, Torr. Common in bogs.
Carex, Ruppius. Sedge.

C. aquatilis, Wahl. (35)^ Low grounds, Dr. Barrows.

C. arctata, Boott. (51) Woods; common.

C. aurea, Nutt. (79) Moist banks; not rare.

C. bromoides, Schk. (124) Bogs; common.

C. bullata, Schk. (14) Canaan, Dr. Barrozvs ; rare.

C. canescens, L. (119) Swamps; common.

1 The number following each name refers to its position in Gray's Manual of Botany,
6th edition.

50 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

var. vulgaris, Bailey.

var. alpicola, Wahl. (C. vitilis, Fries.)
C. castanea, Wahl. (49) — (C. flexilis, Rudge.) Pomfret, Vt., Morgan.
C. cephalophora, Muhl. (114) Fields; very abundant.
C. communis, Bailey. (89) — (C. varia of Man., 5th ed.) Hillsides; com-
mon.
C. conoidea, Schk. (65) Moist meadows.

C. crinita, Lam. (41) — (C. gynandra, Schw.) Swamps; variable.
C. debilis, Michx., var. Rudgei, Bailey. (52) — (C. debilis, Man., 5th ed.)

Somewhat variable ; common.
C. Deweyana, Schw. (123) Woods and clearings ; frequent.
C. digitalis, Willd. (69) Hillsides.
C. echinata, Murray, var. microstachys, Boeckl. (i 18) — (C. scirpoides, Schk.

and C. sterilis, Willd.) Very common and variable.
C. filiformis, L. (27) Peat bogs ; frequent.

var. latifolia, Boeckl. (C. lanuginosa. Michx.) Low meadows ; com-
mon.
C. flava, L. (62) Wet meadows; common.

var. viridula, Bailey. (C. CEderi, Ehrh.) Vermont: — banks of White
River, FHitt ; Fairlee Lake, Blanchard ; Pomfret, Morgan.
C. foenea, W^illd. (130) — (C. adusta, Boott.) In clearings. Claremont,

etc., Jesiip.
C. folliculata, L. (4) Bogs ; frequent.
C. formosa, Dewey. (56) Claremont, Dr. Barrows.
C. gracillima, Schw. (55) Wet meadows; abundant.
C. granularis, Muhl. {60) Lebanon, N. H., Dr. Barrows ; in Vermont

also, Dr. Blancha^-d.
C. grisea, Wahl. (58) Moist grounds.

C. Hitchcockiana, Dewey. (67) Vovcxix^X^NX.., A. R. Morse ; rare.
C. Houghtonii, Torr. (26) Norwich, Vt., E. A. Edmands ; rare.
C. hystricina, Muhl. (18) Wet meadows ; frequent.
C. intumescens, Rudge. (5) Swamps; very common.
C. laxiculmis, Schw. (70) — (C. retrocurva, Dewey.) Woods.
C. laxiflora. Lam. (68) Woods ; several varieties ; common.
C. lenticularis, Michx. (36) Shores of Enfield Pond, Z?r. A'^z/^/e"^; Baker's

Pond, Orford, Grover.
C. limosa, L. (45) Peat bogs ; not uncommon.
C. longirostris, Torr. (48) Lebanon, H. C. Fall. Frequent.
C. lupulina, Muhl. (7) Wet grounds ; rather common, and variable.
C. lurida, Wahl. (16) — (C. tentaculata, Muhl.) Meadows; very common,

and variable; hybridizes with the preceding.
C. Magellanica, Lam. (43) — (C. irrigua. Smith.) Norwich, Vt. ; bogs.
C. monile, Tuckerm. (12) Moist grounds ; frequent.
C. Muhlenbergii, Schk. (112) Sterile soil.
C. pallescens, L. (63) Meadows; common.
C. pauciflora, Lightf. (i) Sphagnous bogs. VX'^vcAq^^, Dr. Barrows. Rare.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 5 1

C. pedunculata, Muhl. (82) Dry woods ; common.

C. Pennsylvanica, Lam. (88) Woods and hillsides ; very common, and

blooming early.
C. plantaginea, Lam. (74) Rich hillside woods ; common.
C. platyphylla, Carey. (72) Rich hillside woods ; common.
C. polytrichoides, Muhl. (96) Swamps ; abundant.
C. prasina, Wahl. (39) — (C. miliacea, Muhl.) Bogs ; not common. Borders

of streams, Dr. Barrozvs.
C. Pseudo-Cyperus, L. {19) Goose Pond in Canaan, Dr. Barrows.

var. Americana, Hochst. (C. comosa, Boott.) Wet places.
C. pubescens, Muhl. (92) Lebanon, Dr. Barrows.
C. retrorsa, Schw. (15) Marshes, near streams.

var. Hartii, Gray. Frequent.
C. riparia, Curtis. (29) Borders of ponds, etc.; common.
C. rosea, Schk. (no) Woods and meadows ; very variable.
C. scabrata, Schw. (23) Swamps ; common.
C. scoparia, Schk. (128) Meadows; common and variable.
C. sparganioides, Muhl. (in) Low grounds ; frequent.
C. stipata, Muhl. (loi) Low grounds ; common.
C. straminea, Willd. (132) — (C. straminea, var. tenera, 5th ed. of Man.)

Copses and fields ; extremely variable. (See Manual.)
C. stricta. Lam. (34) Wet meadows ; very abundant.

var. decora, Bailey. (C. aperta, Boott.) Not as common as the type.
C. tenella, Schk. (109) Cold swamps; common.
C. teretiuscula, Gooden. (104) Norwich, Vt.; swamps.
C. torta, Boott. [yj] Banks of streams ; not rare.
C. tribuloides, Wahl. (127) (C. lagopodioides, Schk.) Wet grounds;

many varieties.

var. cristata, Bailey. (C. cristata, Schw.) Moist grounds.
C. trisperma, Dewey. (122) Cold bogs; common.
C. Tuckermani, Dewey. (13) Swamps ; not uncommon.
C. umbellata, Schk. (90) Rocky hillsides.
C. utriculata, Boott. (11) Swamps ; common, and variable.
C. varia, Muhl. (86) — (C. Emmonsii, Dew.) Woods and hillsides.

var. colorata, Bailey. With the type.
C. virescens, Muhl. (46) Rocky woods.
C. vulgaris. Fries, i^'}^'^ Claremont, Dr. Barrozvs.
C. vulpinoidea, Michx. (107) Low meadows ; abundant.

Order 96. GRAMINE^. Grass Family.

Paspalum, L.

P. setaceum, Michx. Sandy fields.
Panicum, L. Panic-Grass.

P. GLABRUM, Gaudin. (Smooth Crab-Grass.) Gravelly soil. This and the

next are European weeds.
P. SANGUINALE, L. (Crab-Grass. Finger-Grass.) Too common.

52 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

P. capillare, L. (Old-witch Grass.) In dry soil, everywhere.

P. virgatum, L. (Tall Panic-Grass.) River-banks, etc. ; frequent.

P. xanthophysum. Gray. (Yellow Panic-Grass.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows/
Hanover and Lebanon ; rare.

P. latifolium, L. (Broad-leaved Panic-Grass.) Low thickets ; frequent.

P. clandestinum, L. Moist thickets ; common.

P. depauperatum, Muhl. Dry woods ; frequent.

P. dichotomum, L. Many varieties and abundant.

P. laxiflorum. Lam. Resembles the preceding, and found with it.

P. Crus-galli, L. (Barnyard-Grass.) On waste heaps and in rich soil ;
very variable as to size and hairiness. From Europe.
Setaria, Beauv. Bristly Foxtail Grass.

S. VERTICILLATA, Beauv. Claremont, Dr. Bai-roivs ; not common. All
the species are European.

S. GLAUCA, Beauv. (Foxtail.) Cultivated grounds; common.

S. viRiDis, Beauv. (Green Foxtail.) With the preceding.

S. Italica, Kunth, (Millet. Hungarian Grass.) Rarely spontaneous.
Cenchrus, L. Bur-Grass. Hedgehog-Grass.

C. tribuloides, L. Sandy soil; the byrs prickly, with sharp barbed spines.
Leersia, Swartz. White Grass.

L. Virginica, Willd. (White Grass.) Wet woods ; frequent.

L. oryzoides, Swartz. (Rice Cut-Grass.) Marshes, and common.
Andropogon, Royen. Beard-Grass.

A. furcatus, Muhl. (Blue stem.) Dry and sterile soil ; common.

A. scoparius, Michx. (Broom-grass.) Like the last, and with the same
range.

Chrysopogon, Trin.

C. nutans, Benth. (Sorghum nutans. Gray.) — (Indian Grass, Wood-
Grass.) Dry soil ; with the preceding species.

Phalaris, L. Canary-Grass.

P. arundinacea, L. (Reed Canary-Grass.) Wet grounds; common,
var. picta, from Europe, is the Ribbon-Grass of gardens.

Anthoxanthum, L.

A. odoratum, L. (Sweet Vernal-Grass.) Meadows ; from Europe.

Hierochloe, Gmelin. Holy-Grass,

H. borealis, Roem. & Schultes. (Vanilla or Seneca Grass.) Hanover, etc.,
Flint ; rare.
Aristida, L. Triple-awned Grass.

A. dichotoma, Michx. (Poverty-Grass.) Sandy soil.
Oryzopsis, Michx. Mountain Rice,

O. melanocarpa, Muhl. (Black Mountain Rice.) Rocky woods; bloom-
ing in May ; common.
O. asperifolia, Michx. (White Mountain Rice.) This and the next less
common than the first species.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 53

O. Canadensis, Torr. (Canadian Mountain Rice.) Hills and dry plains.
Milium, Tourn.

M. effusum, L. (Millet-Grass.) Damp woods ; frequent.
Muhlenbergia, Schreber, Drop-seed Grass.

M. sobolifera, Trin. Rocky woods ; frequent.

M. glomerata, Trin. (Spiked Muhlenbergia.) Wet banks ; not rare.

M. Mexicana, Trin. (Mexican Muhlenbergia.) Common everywhere.

M. sylvatica, Torr. & Gray. (Wood Muhlenbergia.) Rocky woods; rather
scarce.

Brachyelytrum, Beauv.

B. aristatum, Beauv. Rocky woods ; very common.
Phleum, L. Cat's-tail Grass.

P. PRATENSE, L. (Timothy. Herd's-Grass in New England.) A most
valuable European grass.
Alopecurus, L. Foxtail Grass.

A. PRATENSis, L. (Meadow Foxtail.) Claremont, Dr. Barrows ; moist

meadows.
A. GENICULATUS, L. (Floating Foxtail.) Claremont, Dr. Barrotvs. This
and the above, European.

var. aristulatus, Torr. (A. aristulatus, Michx.) A native form found in
wet places. Neither the species nor the variety is common.
Sporobolus, R. Br. Drop-seed Grass. Rush-Grass.

S. vaginaeflorus, Vasey. (Vilfa vaginaeflora, Torr.) Barren fields.
S. serotinus, Gray. Wet places ; common.
Agrostis, L. Bent-Grass.

A. ALBA, L. (White Bent-Grass.) Cultivated from Europe.

var. VULGARIS, Thurb. (Common Red-top. Herd's-Grass of Penn.)
Naturalized from Europe. The type and the variety are both good
grasses, but cannot always be distinguished.
A. perennans, Tuckerm. (Thin-Grass.) In damp shade.
A. scabra, Willd. (Hair-Grass.) Dry places ; common.
A. canina, L. (Brown Bent-Grass.) Meadows.
•Cinna, L. Wood Reed-Grass.

C. arundinacea, L. Moist woods ; frequent.

C. pendula, Trin. (C. arundinacea, var. pendula. Gray.) Wet rocks.
Calamagrostis, Adans. Reed Bent-Grass.

C. Canadensis, Beauv. (Deyeuxia Canadensis, Hook.) — (Blue-Joint Grass.)
Wet grounds ; a good grass.

C. Nuttalliana, Steud. (Deyeuxia Nuttalliana, Vasey.) Windsor, Vt.,
Leland ; rare.

C. Langsdorffii, Trin. (Deyeuxia Langsdorffii, Kunth.) Moosilauke Mt.
Arrhenatherum, Beauv. Oat-Grass.

A. AVENACEUM, Beauv. Windsor, Vt., Leland ; European.
HolCUS, L. Meadow Soft-Grass.

H. LANATUS, L. (Velvet-Grass.) European.

54 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Deschampsia, Beauv. Hair-Grass.

D. flexuosa, Trin. (Aira flexuosa, L.) — (Common Hair-Grass.) Dryplaces»
D. caespitosa, Beauv. (Aira casspitosa, L.) — (Tufted Hair-Grass.) Shores-
of Conn, river, etc.
Avena, Tourn. Oat-Grass.

A. striata, Michx. Rocky hillsides ; frequent.
[A. SATIVA, L. (Cultivated Oat.)]
Danthonia, DC. Oat-Grass. White-Grass.

D. spicata, Beauv. Dry and poor soil ; hillside pastures, etc. ; common.
Sometimes called " June Grass," a name that belongs to Poa pratensis
(Kentucky Blue-Grass).

Eatonia, Raf.

E. Pennsylvanica, Gray. Moist woods and rocks ; frequent.
Eragrostis, Beauv.

E. capillaris, Nees. Sandy soil ; common.

E. pectinacea, Gray. Dry, sandy fields ; rare.
Dactylis, L. Orchard-Grass.

D. GLOMERATA, L. Very common ; European.
Poa, L. Meadow-Grass. Spear-Grass.

P. ANNUA, L. (Low Spear-Grass.) Cultivated grounds ; everywhere ;;
naturalized from Europe.

P. COMPRESSA. L. (Wire-Grass.) Dry, sterile soil ; European and very
common.

P. nemoralis, L. (P. caesia, Smith.) Thetford, Vt., Dr. Blanchai'd ; rare^

P. serotina, Ehrh. (Fowl Meadow-Grass.) Wet meadows, and valuable.

P. pratensis, L. (June Grass. Kentucky Blue-Grass.) Common, and of
value.

P. TRiviALis, L. (Roughish Meadow-Grass.) In wet meadows; Euro-
pean, and not very common.

P. alsodes. Gray. Hillside woods, Dr. Barrows. Rare.
Glyceria, R. Br. Manna-Grass.

G. Canadensis, Trin. (Rattlesnake-Grass.) Wet places ; very common.

G. elongata, Trin. Wet woods ; rare.

G. nervata, Trin. Wet places ; common.

G. pallida, Trin. Shallow water.

G. grandis, Watson. (G. aquatica of Am. authors; G. arundinacea,.
Kth.) — (Reed Meadow-Grass.) Common in marshes.

G. fluitans, R. Br. Floating in shallow water.
Festuca, L. Fescue-Grass.

F. tenella, Willd. Sterile soil ; not common.

F. ovina, L. (Sheep's Fescue.) Forms tufts in meadows, and varies-
greatly.

F. nutans, Willd. (Nodding Fescue.) Frequent in rocky woods.

F. ELATIOR, L. (Meadow Fescue.) A very useful grass ; common in cul-
tivation ; from Europe.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 55

BromUS, L. Brome-Grass.

B. Kalmii, Gray. (Wild Chess.) Borders of woodlands.

B. SECALINUS, L. (Chess or Cheat.) Gram fields ; a pernicious European

weed, but not very common.
B. ciliatus, L. Borders of woods ; common and variable.
Lolium, L. Darnel.

L. PERENNE, L. (Common Darnel. Italian Rye-Grass.) Fields ; a val-
uable European grass.

[Lolium temulentum, L. (Poison Darnel), also European, whose seeds
are reputed to be poisonous, may yet be found in grain fields.]

Agropyrum, Gaertn.

A. repens, Beauv. (Triticum repens. L.) — (Couch or Witch-Grass.)
Everywhere common and variable.
Elymus, L. Wild Rye.

E. Virginicus, L. River-banks ; common.

E. Canadensis, L. River-banks ; common.

E. striatus, Willd. Rocky woods; and like the above somewhat variable
Asprella, Willd. Bottle-brush Grass.

A. Hystrix, Willd. (Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schreb.) Woods ; common.

[There belong also to this Order, Triticum vulgare (Wheat), Secale.
cereale (Rye), Hordeum vulgare (Barley), and Zea Mays (Maize, Indian
Corn), each including many varieties. In addition, many foreign Grasses
are cultivated for ornamental purposes.]

56 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

SERIES 2.

CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

Class III. ACROGENS.

Order 97. EQUISETACE^. Horsetail Family.

Eqilisetum, L. Horsetail. Scouring Rush.

E. arvense, L. (Common Horsetail.) Moist, especially gravelly soil ; very

common.
E. sylvaticum, L. (Wood Horsetail.) Wet shady places ; common.
E. limosum, L. (Marsh Horsetail.) In shallow water ; common.
E. hyemale, L. (Scouring Rush.) Wet, sandy banks ; very common.
E. variegatum, Schl. Sandy banks of rivers. Hanover, N. H. ; Hartford,

Pomfret, and Union Village, Vt. ; rare.
E. scirpoides, Michx. Wooded hillsides ; common.

Order 98. FILICES. Ferns.

Polypodium, L. Polypody.

P. vulgare, L. On rocks in woods ; common.
Adiantum, L. Maidenhair Fern.

A. pedatum, L. Rich, moist woods ; common.

Pteris, L. Brake.

P. aquilina, L. (Common Brake.) Pastures and woods ; everywhere.

Pellsea, Link. Cliff-Brake.

P. gracilis. Hook. Wet, limestone rocks. Norwich, Vt., Dr. Edward
Hyde ; rare.
Asplenium, L. Spleenwort.

A. Trichomanes, L. Shaded rocks ; common.

A. ebeneum, Ait. Rocky woods ; common.

A. angustifolium. Michx. Rich, moist woods. Hanover, N. H., Miss
Hitchcock ; Windsor and Pomfret, Vt. Not very abundant.

A. thelypteroides, Michx. Rich woods ; common.

A. Filix-foemina, Bernh. (Lady-Fern.) Frequent and variable.

CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 57

CJamptOSOrus, Link. Walking-Leaf.

C. rhizophyllus, Link. On shaded rocks; very local. Lebanon, N. H.,
Dr. Ba7'rows ; Windsor, Vt., Leland ; Norwich, Vt., Miss Loveland.

Phegopteris, Fee. Beech Fern.

P. polypodioides, Fee. Damp woods ; common.

P. hexagonoptera, Fee. Norwich, Vt., F. H. Herrick ; scarce.

P. Dryopteris, Fee. Rocky woods ; common.

Aspidium, Swartz. Shield Fern.

A. Thelypteris, Swartz. Marshes ; abundant.

A. Noveboracense, Swartz. Wet woods ; abundant.

A. spinulosum, Swartz. Damp woods. This is the European type, and is

rare.

var. intermedium. Gray. Common.

var. dilatatum. Gray. Summit of Mt. Ascutney, Y\.., Leland ; Killington
Mt., Denslow.
A. Boottii, Tuckerm. (A. spinulosum, var., Boottii, Man., 5th ed.) Not

rare in damp woods.
A. cristatum, Swartz. Swamps; common.

var. Clintonianum, D. C. Eaton. Hanover, N. H., Miss Hitchcock ; and
probably not very rare.
A. Goldianum, Hook. Rich and moist woods ; Hanover, N. H., Miss

Hitchcock ; not abundant.
A. marginale, Swartz. Rocky hillsides, etc. ; abundant.
A. acrostichoides, Swartz. (Christmas Fern.) Woods ; common and

variable.
A. aculeatum, Swartz., var. Braunii, Koch. North Pomfret and Killington

Mt., Vt., Morgan. " The Gulf" in Weathersfield, Vt., Leland; rare.
Cystopteris, Bernh. Bladder Fern.

C. fragilis, Bernh. Shaded ravines ; very common.

C. bulbifera, Bernh. Moist cliffs and rich woods ; frequent.

Onoclea, L.

O. sensibilis, L. (Sensitive Fern.) Very common.

O. Struthiopteris, Hoff. (Struthiopteris Germanica.Willd.)— (Ostrich Fern.)
Rich alluvial soil ; abundant.

Woodsia, R. Br.

W. Ilvensis, R. Br. On rocks ; common.
W. obtusa, Torrey. Rocky banks ; rather rare.
Dicksonia, L'Her.

D. pilosiuscula, Willd. (D. punctilobula, Kunze.) Common in moist,
shady places and pastures.

Osmunda, L. Flowering Fern.

O. regalis, L. (Queen-Fern. Royal- Fern.) Wet woods ; rather common.
O. Claytoniana, L. (Clayton's Fern.) Wet woods; very common.
O. cinnamomea, L. (Cinnamon Fern.) Wet woods ; common.

58 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS.

Order 99. OPHIOGLOSSACEJE. Adder's-Tongue Family,

Botrychiuni, Swartz. Grape-Fern. Moonwort.

B. simplex, Hitch. Hillside pastures ; very seldom met with.

B. matricariaefolium, Al. Br. Not common.

B. lanceolatum, Angs. Hillside pastures with the preceding two species,.

and like them very rarely collected.
B. ternatum, Swartz. Pastures and hillsides. Among the numerous varie-
ties described by Prof. D. C. Eaton, the more common are : —
var. intermedium. A large form,
var. obliquum. Medium in size and more common,
var. dissectum. Occasionally with the last. ^qq. Eaton'' s Ferns of N'ortk
America.
B. Virginianum, Swartz. Rich woods ; common.
Ophioglossum, L. Adder's-Tongue.

0. vulgatum, L. Bogs and pastures ; not uncommon.

Order 100. LYCOPODIACEiE. Club-Moss Family.

Lycopodium, L. Club-Moss.

L. lucidulum, Michx. Damp woods; common.

L. inundatum, L. Clayey ground ; Grantham Mt., Plymouth, and Han-
over, N. H. ; Hartland, Vt. ; etc. ; scarce.

L. annotinum, L. Woods ; common.

L. obscurum, L. Seldom distinguished from the variety.

var. dendroideum. (L. dendroideum, Michx.) — (Tree Club-Moss.)
Woods ; common.

L. clavatum, L. (Common Club-Moss.) Dry woods ; abundant.

L. complanatum, L. (Creeping Ground-Pine.) With the above, common,
var. chamaecyparissus, Eaton. Occasional.

Order ioi. SELAGINELLACEJE. Selaginella Family.

Selaginella, Beauv.

S. rupestris, Spring. Dry rocks ; common.

S. apus. Spring. Wet places ; about springs ; much less common.
Isoetes, L. Quillwort.

1. echinospora, Durieu. The type form is European, but the following
varieties are met with :

var. Braunii, Engelm. Margin of ponds and streams.

var. muricata, Engelm. Mouth of Pompanoosuc river, Norwich, Vt.

var. Boottii, Engelm. Goose Pond, Canaan; Conn, river, Hanover.
I. riparia, Engelm. Margin of Conn, river, Hanover.

[I. lacustris, L. Assigned to " Lebanon" in the Geological Survey of
New Hampshire. The species referred to is probably some var. of /.
echinospora ; but if /. lacjtstris is a New England species, it should be found
within our limits. Apparently very little is known about it.]

[All the members of this genus are of somewhat uncertain determination.
They are found in our springs and ponds, and in the still and shallow mar-
gins'of our streams, or during a period of drought may be entirely out of
the water.]

LIST OF VEETEBEATES.i

(by prof. t. w. d. worthen.)

CLASS I. PISCES. THE FISHES.

Order I. NEMATOGNATHI.

Family i. SILURID^. The Cat-fishes.

Ameiurus, Rafinesque.

A. nebulosus (Le Sueur). Common Bullhead. Horn Pout. Common.

Order II. EVENTOGNATHI.

Family 2. CATOSTOMID-S3. The Suckers.

CatOStomus, Le Sueur. Fine-scaled Suckers.

C. teres (Mitchill). Common Sucker. White Sucker. Abundant.
C. nigricans, Le Sueur. Hog-Sucker. Stone Roller. Common.

Family 3. CYPRINID^. The Minnows.

Notropis, Rafinesque. American Minnows.

N. bifrenatus (Cope). Mud-dace. Brook Minnow. Common.

N. Whipple! (Girard). Silver-Fin. River-Shiner. Not rare.

N. megalops (Rafinesque). Common Shiner. Red-Fin. Dace. Common.
Rhinichthys, Agassiz.

R. atronasus (Mitchill). Black-nosed Dace. " Red-Fin." Conmion.
Semotilus, Rafinesque.

S. bullaris (Rafinesque). Fall Fish. Chub. Dace. Roach. Abundant.
Notemigonus, Rafinesque.

N. chrysoleucus (Mitchill). Golden Shiner. Shiner. Bream. Abundant.

1 In this list are included, so far as known, all Animals belonging to the Sub-Kingdom
Vertebrata, found within about thirty miles of Haytover^ N. H. The classification,^
including citation of authorities, is that ^\\&xim.\.\\& Manual of the Vertebrate Animals
of the Northern United States by Pres. David S. Jordan, Fifth edition, rexvritten atid
enlarged, 1888, where full descriptions may be found.

6o LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Order III. ISOSPONDYLI. The Salmon, Herring, etc.
Family 4. SALMOWID-SJ. The Salmon.

Salvelinus (Nilsson), Richardson.

S. namaycush (Walbaum). Lake Trout. Mackinaw Trout. Salmon

Trout. Longe. Rare. M. V. B. Knox.
S. fontinalis (Mitchill). Brook Trout. Speckled Trout. Common.
S. aureolus, Bean. Sunapee* Lake Trout. In Sunapee Lake. Not rare.

Order IV. HAPLOMI. The Pike-like Fishes.
Family 5. ESOCID^. The Pikes.

!ES0X (Artedi), Linnseus.

E. Americanus, Gmelin. Grass Pickerel. Common.

E. reticulatus, Le Sueur. Pickerel. Eastern Pickerel. Abundant.

E. lucius, L. Pike. Northern Pickerel. Common.

Order V. APODES. The Eels.

Family 6. ANGUILLIDJE. The True Eels.

Anguilla, Thunberg.

A. anguilla (L.). Eel. Abundant.

Order VI. ACANTHOPTERI. The Spiny-rayed Fishes.
Family 7. CENTRABCHID^. The Sun-fishes.

liepomis, Rafinesque. Sun-fishes.

L. auritus (Linnaeus). Long-eared Sun-fish. Sun-Perch. Common.

L. gibbosus (L.). Common Sun-fish. Bream. Pumpkin-seed. Abundant.
Micropterus, Lacepede. Black Bass.

M. dolomieu, Lacepede. Small-mouthed Black Bass. Abundant.

Family 8. PERCIDJE. The Perches.

Etheostoma, Rafinesque. Darters.

E. Olmstedi, Storer. Darter. Spotted Darter. Common.
P'Grca (Artedi), Linnaeus.

P. flavescens (Mitchill). Yellow-Perch. Perch. Abundant.
StizOStedion, Rafinesque.

S. vitreum (Mitchill). Wall-eye. Pike Perch. Plymouth, Vt.

Family 9. COTTID^. The Sculpins.

Cottus (Artedi) Linnaeus. Miller's Thumb.
C. gracilis, Heckel. Common.

Family 10. GADID-SJ. The Cod-fishes.
JjOta, Cuvier. Burbot. Chub Eel. Ling.

L. lota (L.), var. maculosa, Le Seur. Eel Pout. Common.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

CLASS II. BATRACHIA. THE BATRACHIANS.

Order VII. URODELA. The Salamanders.
Family il AMBLYSTOMATID^. The Blunt-nosed Salaman-

DERS.

Amblystoma, Tschudi.

A. punctatum (L.). Spotted Salamander. Common.

A, tigrinum (Green). Not rare.

Family 12. PLETHODONTID-SI.

Plethodon, Tschudi.

P. erythronotus (Green). Common.
P. glutinosus (Green). Not rare.

Spelerpes, Rafinesque.

S. bilineatus (Green). Not rare.

S. longicauda (Green). Cave Salamander. Rare.

S. ruber (Daudin). Common.

Family 13. PLEURODELIDJE. The Newts.

Diemyctylus, Rafinesque.

D. viridescens, Rafinesque. Newt. Evet. Eft. Abundant,
var. miniatus, Rafinesque. Red Eft. Common.

Order VIII. SALIENTIA. The Tailless Batrachians.

Family 14. BUFONIDJE. The Toads.

Bufo, Laurenti.

B. lentiginosus, Shaw. American Toad. Abundant.

Family 15. PELOBATIDJE. The Burrowing Toads.

ScaphiopUS, Holbrook.

S. Holbrooki, Harlan. Spade-foot. Probable.

Family 16. HYLID^. The Tree Frogs.

Acris, Dumeril & Bibron.

A. gryllus, Le Conte. Cricket Frog. Probable.

62

LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Chorophilus, Baird.

C. triseriatus (Wied). Swamp Tree Frog. Probable.
Hyla, Laurenti.

H. versicolor, Le Conte. Common Tree Toad. Common.
H. Pickeringii, Holbrook. Peeping Frog. Common.

Family 17. RANIDJE. The Frogs.

Bana, Linnaeus.

R. virescens, Kalm. Common Frog. Leopard Frog. Abundant.
R. palustris, Le Conte. Pickerel Frog. Rather common.
R. sylvatica, Le Conte. Wood Frog. Rather common.
R. clamata, Daudin. Green Frog. Common.
R. Catesbiana, Shaw. Bull Frog. Not rare.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 63

CLASS III. REPTILIA. THE REPTILES.

Order IX. OPHIDIA. The Serpents.

Family 18. COLUBRID-ffil. The Colubrine Snakes.

Storeria, Baird & Girard.

S. occipitomaculata (Storer). Red-Bellied Snake. Common.

^Utainia, Baird & Girard. Garter Snakes.
E. saurita (L.). Riband Snake. Probable.
E. sirtalis (L.). Common Garter Snake. Striped Snake. Abundant.

var. ordinata (L.). Common.

var. dorsalis (Baird & Girard). Common.

Tropidonotus, Kuhl.

T. sipedon (L.). Water Snake. "Moccasin." Rather rare.

Iiiopeltis (Fitzinger), Cope.

L. vernalis (De Kay). Grass Snake. Green Snake. Rather common.

Diadophis, Baird & Girard.

D. punctatus (L.). Ring-necked Snake. Not common.

Ophibolus, Baird & Girard.

O. doliatus (L.), var. triangulus (Boie). Milk Snake. Adder. Spotted
Adder. Rather common.

Heterodon, Beauvais.

H. platyrhinus, Latreille. Spreading Adder. Adder. Blowing Viper.
Rather common.

Family 19. CROTALID.^. The Rattlesnakes.

Crotalus, Linnaeus.

C. horridus, L. Common Rattlesnake. Not rare ; Springfield, Vt., and
vicinity, C. D. Hull.

Order X. TESTUDINATA. The Turtles.

Family 20. CHELYDRIDJE. The Snapping Turtles.

Chelydra, Schweigger.

C. serpentina (L.). Common Snapping Turtle. Abundant.

64 LIST OF VETEBRATES.

Family 21. EMYDID^. The Pond Turtles.

Chrysemys, Gray.

C. picta (Hermann). Painted Turtle. Mud Turtle. Common.-

Chelopus, Rafinesque.

C. insculptus (Le Conte). Wood Tortoise. Not common.
C. guttatus (Schneider). Speckled Tortoise. Probable.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 65

CLASS IV. AVES. THE BIRDS.

Order XI. PYGOPODES. The Diving Birds.

Family 22. PODICIPID-ai. The Grebes.

Podiceps, Latham.

P. cristatus, Latham. Crested Grebe. Rare migrant. C. H. Storrs.

Colymbus, Linnaeus.

C. Holbolli (Reinhardt). Red-necked Grebe. Migrant. C.A.D(nvns.
C. auritus, L. Horned Grebe. Migrant. C. A. Downs.

Podilymbus, Lesson.

P. podiceps (L.). Diedapper. Dab-chick. Dipper Duck. Migrant.

Family 23. URINATOIlID.ffi. The Loons.

TJrinator, Cuvier.

U. imber (Gunner). Common Loon. Diver. Northern Diver. Rather
common summer resident.

Family 24. ALGID JE. The Auks.
Alle, Link.

A. alle (L.). Dovekie. vSea Dove. Little Auk. Rare visitor. F. H.
Herrick.

Order XIL LONGIPENNES. The Long-winged Swimmers.

Family 25. LARIDJE. The Gulls.

Larus, Linnaeus.

L. argentatus, Briinnich. Herring Gull. Common Gull. Not common

summer visitor.
L. Philadelphia, Ord. Bonaparte's Gull. Rare summer visitor.
Sterna, Linnaeus.

S. paradisaea, Briinnich. Arctic Tern. Occasional summer visitor. M. V.

B. Knox.
S. Antillarum, Lesson. Least Tern. Rare summer visitor.

Family 26. PHALACROCORACIDJE. The Cormorants.

Phalacrocorax, Brisson.

P. carbo (L.). Common Cormorant. Very rare visitor. C. A. Dozons.
5

66 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Order XIII. ANSERES. The Ducks and Geese.

Family 27. ANATIDJE. The Ducks and Geese.

Merganser, Brisson.

M. Americanus (Cassin). Merganser. Goosander. Not rare migrant.
Lophodytes, Reichenbach.

L. cucullatus (L.). Hooded Merganser. Sheldrake. Occasional visitor.
Af. V. B. Knox.
Anas, Linnaeus.

A. boschas, L. Mallard Duck. Tame Duck. " Original of the common

domesticated duck." Rather rare migrant.
A. obscura, Gmelin. Black Duck. Common migrant. Occasional sum-
mer resident.
A. discors, L. Blue-winged Teal. Migrant.
A. Carolinensis, Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Migrant.
Aix, Boie.

A. sponsa (L.). Wood Duck. Summer Duck. Not rare summer resi-
dent.

Erismatura, Bonaparte.

E. rubida (Wilson). Ruddy Duck. Common migrant.

Branta, Scopoli.

B. Canadensis (L.). Wild Goose. Canada Goose. Rather common
migrant.

Order XIV. HERODIONES. The Herons and Storks.

Family 28. ARDEID-S]. The Herons.

Botaurus, Stephens.

B. lentiginosus (Montagu). Bittern. Indian Hen. Common summer resi-
dent.

B. exilis (Gmelin). Least Bittern. Not rare summer resident. C. H.
Storrs.

Ardea, Linnaeus.
A. herodias, L.
A. virescens (L.). Green Heron. Rather common summer resident.

Nycticorax, Stephens.

N. nycticorax (L.). Night-heron. Qua Bird. Squawk. Rather rare
summer resident.

Order XV. PALUDICOL/E. The Cranes and Rails.

Family 29. RALLIDJE. The Rails.

Rallus, Linnaeus.

R. Virginianus, L. Virginia Rail. Probable summer resident.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 6*J

Torzana, Vieillot.

P. Carolina (L.). Carolina Rail. Sora. Occasional summer resident,
/e. Chellis.

Fulica, Linnaeus.

F. Americana (Gmelin). Coot. Mud Hen. Rather rare summer resident.

Order XVI. LIMICOL^. The Shore-birds.

Family 30. SCOLOPACID.ffi. The Snipe.

Philohela, Gray.

p. minor (Gmelin). American Woodcock. Common migrant ; not rare
summer resident.

Gallinago, Leach.

G. delicata (Ord.). Wilson's Snipe. Not rare summer resident. C. H.
Storrs ; R. Chellis.

Tringa, Linnaeus.

T. niaritima, Brlinnich. Purple Sandpiper. Not common summer visitor.
T. minutilla, Vieillot. Least Sandpiper. Peep. Rare summer visitor. C.
H. Storrs.
Totanus, Bechstein.

T. melanoleucus (Gmelin). Greater Tell-tale. Yellow Shanks. Occa-
sional summer visitor. C. H. Stoi-rs ; R. Chellis.
T. flavipes (Gmelin). Lesser Tattler. Yellow Legs. Not common sum-
mer visitor.

Bartramia, Lesson.

B. longicauda (Bechstein). Upland Sandpiper. Rather common summer
resident.

Actitis, Boie.

A. macularia (L.). Tip-up. Teeter-Tail. Spotted Sandpiper. Common
summer resident.

Family 31. CHARADRIID^. The Plovers.

-ffilgialitis, Boie.

JE. vocifera (L.). Kildeer. Rare summer visitor. B. T. Blaiipied.
^. meloda (Ord.). Piping Plover. Occasional summer resident. C. H.
Storrs.

Arenaria, Brisson.

A. interpres (L.). Turnstone. Ver}' rare summer visitor. C. A. Doiuiis.

Order XVIL GALLING. The Gallinaceous Birds.
Family 32. TETRAONID-S]. The Grouse.

Colinus, Lesson.

C. Virginianus (L.). Bob-White. Quail. Rare summer visitor or resi-
dent. T. H. Chubb ; B. T. Blaupied.

68 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Dendragapus, Elliott.

D. Canadensis (L.). Spruce Partridge. Canada Grouse. Very rare resi-
dent.
Bonasa, Stephens.

B. umbellus (L.). Ruffed Grouse. Partridge. Common resident.

Order XVIII. COLUMB^E. The Doves.

Ectopistes, Swainson,

E. migratorius (L.), Wild Pigeon. Passenger Pigeon. Rather rare sum-
mer resident.

Zenaidura, Bonaparte.

Z. macroura (L.). Mourning Dove. Turtle Dove. Carolina Dove. Very-
rare summer resident.

Order XIX. RAPTORES. The Birds of Prey.
Family 34. FALCONID^. The Falcons.

Circus, Lacepede.

C. Hudsonius (L.). Marsh Harrier. Common summer resident.

Accipiter, Brisson.

A. velox (Wilson). Sharp-Shinned Hawk. " Pigeon Hawk." Rather

common summer resident.
A. Cooperi, Bonaparte. Chicken Hawk. Common summer resident.

A. atricapillus (Wilson). Goshawk. Rather rare winter visitor and rare
resident.

Buteo, Cuvier.

B. borealis (Gmelin). Hen Hawk. Red-Tailed Hawk. Common resident.
B. latissimus (Wilson). Broad- Winged Hawk. Not rare summer resident.
B. lineatus (Gmelin). Chicken Hawk. Red-Shouldered Hawk. Rather

common resident.
Archibuteo, Brehm.

A. lagopus (Briinnich). Rough-Legged Hawk. Black Hawk. Probable
resident.

Aquila, Brisson.

A. chrysaetos (L.). Golden Eagle. Probable summer resident. Knox.

HaliaetUS, Savigny.

H. leucocephalus (L.). Bald Eagle. Rather rare summer resident.
Falco, Linnaeus. Falcons.

F. rusticolus (L.). Gray Gyrfalcon. Jerfalcon. Probable winter visitor.
F. peregrinus, Tunstall. Peregrine Falcon. Duck Hawk. Not common

resident.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 69

F. columbarius, L. Pigeon Hawk. American Merlin. Rather common
summer resident and rare resident.

F. sparverius, L. Sparrow Hawk. Rusty Crowned Falcon. Rather com-
mon summer resident.

Pandion, Savigny.

p. haliaetus (L.). Osprey. Fish Hawk. Rather common summer resi-
dent.

Family 35. BUBONIDJE. The Owls.

Asio, Brisson.

A. Wilsonianus (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. Rare resident. T. Bakes.

A. accipitrinus (Pallas). Short-eared Owl. Very rare resident.

Syrnium, Savigny.

S. nebulosum (Forster). Barred Owl. Rather common resident.
Scotiaptex, Swainson.

S. cinereum (Gmelin). Great Gray Owl. Spectral Owl. Probable winter
visitor.

Nyctala, Brehm.

N. Tengmalmii (Gmelin). Sparrow Owl. Probable winter visitor.
N. Acadica (Gmelin). Saw-whet Owl. Acadian Owl. Rather rare resi-
dent.

IVEegascops, Kaup.

M. asio (L.). Screech Owl. Red Owl. Rather common resident.
Bubo, Dumeril.

B. Virginianus (Gmelin). Great Horned Owl. Not rare resident.
Nyctea, Stephens.

N. nyctea (L.). Snowy Owl, Very rare winter visitor.
Surnia, Dumeril.

S. uiula (L.). Hawk Owl. Day Owl. Rare winter visitor or resident.

Order XX. COCCYGES. The Cuckoo-like Birds.

Family 36. CUCULID-ffi, The Cuckoos.

•Coccyzus, Vieillot.

C. Americanus (L.). Yellow-billed Cuckoo. " Rain Crow." Rather com-
mon summer resident,

C. erythrophthalmus (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. Common summer
resident.

Family -^-j. ALCEDINIDJE. The Kingfishers.
Ceryle, Boie.

C. alcyon (L.). Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident.

70 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Order XXI. PICI. The Woodpeckers and Wrynecks.

Family 38. PICID^. The Woodpeckers.

Dryobates, Boie.

D. villosus (L.). Hairy Woodpecker. Big Sap-Sucker. Common winter

visitor; not rare resident.
D. pubescens (L.). Downy Woodpecker. Little Sap-Sucker. Common
resident.
PiCOideS, Lacepede.

P. arcticus (Swainson). Black-backed Woodpecker. Not common winter

resident.
P. Americanus, Brehm. Striped Woodpecker. Not rare winter visitor.

Sphyrapicus, Baird.
S. varius (L.). Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Common summer resident.

Ceophloeus, Cabanis.

C. pileatus (L.). Logcock. Big Black Woodpecker. Pileated Wood-
pecker. Not rare resident.

Melanerpes, Swainson.

M. erythrocephalus (L.). Red-headed Woodpecker. Rather rare summer

resident.
M. Carolinus (I..). Red-bellied Woodpecker. Possible summer resident.
Colaptes, Swainson.

C. auratus (L.). Yellow-Hammer. Flicker. Wood-wall. Golden-winged.
Woodpecker. High-Holer. Common summer resident.

Order XXII. MACROCHIRES. The Swifts and Humming Birds.
Family 39. CAPRIMULGID^. The Goatsuckers.

Antrostomus, Gould.

A. vociferus (Wilson). Whippoorwill. Nightjar. Common summer resi-
dent.

Chordeiles, Swainson.
C. Virginianus (Gemlin). Night Hawk. Bull Bat. Very common sum-
mer resident.

Family 40. MICROPODIDiEI. The Swifts.

Chsetura, Stephens.

C. pelagica (L.). Chimney Swift. Chimney Swallow. Abundant summer
resident.

Family 41. TROCHILID^. The Humming Birds.

TrOChilus, Linnaeus.

T. colubris, L. Ruby-throated Humming Bird. Common summer resi-
dent.

LIST OF vert?:brates. 7^

Order XXIII. PASSERES. The Passerine Birds.

Family 42. TYRA.NNID-ffil. The Flycatchers.

Tyrannus, Cuvier.

T. tyrannus (L.). King Bird. Bee Martin. Common summer resident.

Myiarchus, Cabanis.

M. crinitus (L.). Great Crested Flycatcher. Not rare summer resident.

SayorniS, Bonaparte.

S. Phoebe (Latham). Pewee. Phoebe. Abundant summer resident.

Contopus, Cabanis.

C. borealis (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Rather rare summer res-
ident.
C. virens (L.). Wood Pewee. Common summer resident.

Empidonax, Cabanis.

E. flaviventris, Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Not common summer
resident.

E. Acadiacus (Gmelin). Small Green-crested Flycatcher. Not rare sum-
mer resident.

E. pusillus (Swainson), var. Trailli, Audubon. Traill's Flycatcher. Not
common summer resident.

E. minimus, Baird. Least Flycatcher. Very common summer resident.

Family 43. ALAUDIDJE. The Larks.

OtOCOris, Bonaparte.

O. alpestris (Forster). Shore Lark. Horned Lark. Not rare migrant.
G. D. Hull.

Family 44. CORVID-SI. The Crows and Jays.

CyanOCitta, Strickland.

C. cristata (L.). Blue Jay. Common resident.

Perisoreus, Bonaparte.

P. Canadensis (L.). Canada Jay. Gray Jay. Whiskey Jack. Occasional
visitor ; possible resident. Storrs.

Corvus, Linnaeus.

C. Americanus, Audubon. Crow^ Very common resident.

Family 45. ICTERID.ffi. The American " Orioles" and " Black-
birds. "
Dolichonyx, Swainson.

D. oryzivorus (L.). Bobolink. Reed Bird. Rice Bird. Very common
summer resident.

Molothrus, Swainson.

M. ater (Boddaert). Cow Blackbird. Cowbird. Common summer resi-
dent.

72 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Agelaius, Vieillot.

A. phoeniceus (L.). Red-winged Blackbird. Swamp Blackbird. Common
summer resident.

Sturnella, Vieillot.

S. magna (L.). Meadowlark. Not rare summer resident.
Icterus, Brisson.

I. galbula (L.). Baltimore Oriole. Golden Robin. Fire Bird. Common
summer resident.
ScolecophagUS, Swainson.

S. Carolinus (Muller). Rusty Grackle. Rusty Blackbird. Not rare
migrant.
Quiscalus, Vieillot.

Q. quiscula (L.). Crow Blackbird. Purple Grackle. Rather common
summer resident.

Family 46. PRINGILLID^. The Finches.

Pinicola, Vieillot.

p. enucleator (L.). Pine Grosbeak. Rather common winter resident.
Carpodacus, Kaup.

C. purpureus (Gmelin). Purple Finch. Very common summer resident.
XjOXia, Linnseus.

L. leucoptera, Gmelin. White Winged Crossbill. Rather rare winter vis-
itor.
L. curvirostra (L.). Red Crossbill. Not rare winter resident ; rare resi-
dent.

Acanthis, Bechstein.

A. linarius (L.). Red Poll Linnet. Rather common winter resident.
Spinus, Boie.

S. tristis (L.). Yellow Bird. Thistle Bird. American Goldfinch. Abun-
dant resident.
S. pinus (Wilson). Pine Siskin. Pine Finch. Rather common winter
visitor ; not rare resident.
Plectrophenax, Stejneger.

p. nivalis (L.). Snow Bunting. Very common winter resident.
Calcarius, Bechstein.

C. Lapponicus (L.). Lapland Longspur. Rare winter visitor.
Poocsetes, Baird.

P. gramineus (Gmelin). Bay-winged Bunting. Grass Sparrow. Ground
Bird. Abundant summer resident.
Passer, Brisson.

P. domesticus (L.). English Sparrow. Abundant resident.
Ammodramus, Swainson.

A. Sandwichensis (Gmelin), var. Savanna. Savanna Sparrow. Not com-
mon summer resident.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 73

A. savannarum (Gnielin). Grasshopper Sparrow. Probable summer resi-
dent.

Zonotrichia, Swainson.

Z. leucophrys (Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. Conimon migrant.
Z. albicollis (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Peabody Bird. Rather
common resident.

Spizella, Bonaparte.

S. monticola (Gmelin). Tree Sparrow. Rather rare winter visitor.

S. socialis (Wilson). Chippy. Chipping Sparrow. Abundant summer

resident.
S. pusilla (Wilson). Field Sparrow. Common summer resident.
Junco, Wagler.

J. hyemalis (L.). Snow Bird. Common migrant; not rare resident.
Melospiza, Baird.

M. fasciata (Gmelin). Song Sparrow. Very common summer resident.
M. Georgiana (Latham). Swamp Sparrow. Rather common summer resi-
dent.
Passerella, Swainson.

P. iliaca (Merrem). Fox Sparrow. Common migrant.
Pipilo, Vieillot.

P. erythrophthalmus (L.) Chewink. Marsh Robin. Towhee. Not rare
summer resident.
Habia, Reichenbach.

H. Ludoviciana (L.). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Rather common summer
resident.

Passerina, Vieillot.

P. cyanea (L.). Indigo Bird. Very common summer resident.

Family 47. TANAGRIDiE. The Tanagers.

Piranga, Vieillot.

P. erythromelas, Vieillot. Scarlet Tanager. Rather common summer resi-
dent.

Family 48. HIRUNDINIDJE. The Swallows.

Progne, l5oie.

P. subis (L.). Purple Martin. Rather common summer resident.
Petrochelidon, Cabanis.

P. lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow. Abundant summer resident.
Chelidon, Forster.

C. erythrogaster (Boddaert). Barn Swallow. Abundant summer resident.

Tachycineta, Cabanis.

T. bicolor (Vieillot). White-bellied Swallow. Very common summer res-
ident.

74 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

CliviCOla, Forster.
C. riparia, L. Bank Swallow. Sand Martin. Very common summer
resident.

Family 49. AMPELID^. The Chatterers.

Ampelis, Linnaeus.

A. garrulus. L. Bohemian Wax Wing. Northern Wax Wing. Probable
winter visitor.

A. cedrorum (Vieillot). Cedar Bird. Cherry Bird. Very common sum-
mer resident.

Family 50. LANIID-ffi. The Shrikes.

Lanius, Linnaeus.

L. borealis, Vieillot. Great Northern Shrike. Butcher-bird. Rather com-
mon winter resident, and rather rare resident.
L. Ludovicianus, L. Logger-head Shrike. Rather rare resident.

Family 51. VIREONIDJE. The Vireos.

Vireo, Vieillot.

V. olivaceus (L.). Red-eyed Vireo. Greenlet. Very common summer
resident.

V. gilvus (Vieillot). Warbling Vireo. Rather common summer resident.

V. flavifrons, Vieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Not rare summer resi-
dent.

V. solitarius (Wilson). Blue-headed Vireo. Rather rare summer resident.

V. Noveboracensis (Gmelin). White-eyed Vireo. Rather common sum-
mer resident.

Family 52. MNIOTILTID-S3. The New World Warblers.

Mniotilta, Vieillot.

M. varia (L.). Black and White Creeper. Rather common summer resi-
dent.

Helminthophila, Ridgway.

H. chrysoptera (L.) Golden-winged Warbler. Probable migrant and
resident.

H. pinus (L.). Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. Possible summer resident.

H. peregrina (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Rare migrant, and possible
resident.

H. celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. Rare summer resident. F. H.
Herrick.

H. ruficapilla (Wilson). Nashville Warbler. Not common summer resi-
dent.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 75

Compsothlypis, Cabanis.

C. Americana (L.). Blue Vellow-backed Warbler, Not common summer
resident.

Dendroica, Gray.

D. aestiva (Gmelin). Summer Warbler. Golden Warbler. Rather com-
mon summer resident.

D. caerulescens (L.). Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rather rare summer
resident. C. H. Storrs.

D. coronata (L.) Yellovv-rumped Warbler. Common migrant and prob-
able resident.

D. maculosa (Gmelin). Black and Yellow Warbler. Not rare summer
resident.

D. Pennsylvanica (L.). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Rather common sum-
mer resident.

D. castanea (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Autumn Warbler. Rare
summer resident.

D. striata (Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common migrant.

D. Blackburniae (Gmelin). Orange-throated Warbler. Blackburnian
Warbler. Rare summer resident.

D. virens (Gmelin). Black-throated Green Warbler. Rather common
summer resident.

D. vigorsi (Audubon). Pine-creeping Warbler. Common migrant, and
rather rare summer resident.

D. discolor (Vieillot). Prairie Warbler. Probable summer resident.

D. palmarum (Gmelin). Red-poll Warbler. Rather common migrant.
Seiurus, Swainson.

S. aurocapillus (L.). Oven-bird. Golden-crowned " Thrush." Rather
common summer resident.

S. Noveboracensis (Gmelin). Water Wagtail. Water Thrush. Probable
summer resident.

Geothlypis, Cabanis.

G. Philadelphia (Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Rare summer resident.
G. trichas (L.) Maryland Yellow Throat. Common summer res dent.

Sylvania, Nuttall.

S. pusilla (Wilson). Green Black-capped Warbler. Rather common

migrant.
S. Canadensis (L.). Canada Warbler. Not common summer resident.
C. H. Storrs.
Setophaga, Swainson.

S. ruticilla (L.). American Redstart. Rather common summer resident.

Family 53. MOTACILLID-SI. The Wagtails.

Anthus, Bechstein.

A. Pennsylvanicus (Latham). Brown Lark. Tit-lark. Rather common
migrant.

*]6 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Family 54. TROGLODYTIDJE. The Wrens and Mocking-
birds.
Mimus, Boie.

M. polyglottos (L.). Mocking-Bird. Very rare visitor. C. A. Downs.

Galeoscoptes, Cabanis.

G. Carolinensis (L.). Cat-Bird. Very common summer resident.
Harporhynchus, Cabanis.

H, rufus (L.). Brown Thrush. Brown Thrasher. Rather common sum-
mer resident.

Troglodytes, Vieillot.

T. aedon, Vieillot. House Wren. Common summer resident.
T. hiemalis, Vieillot. Winter Wren. Not rare migrant.
Cistothorus, Cabanis.

C. stellaris (Lichtenstein). Short-billed Marsh Wren. Probable summer

resident.
C. palustris (Wilson). Long-billed Marsh Wren. Possible summer resi-
dent.

Family 55. CERTHIID^. The Creepers.

Certhia, Linnaeus.
C. familiaris, L. Brown Creeper. Rather rare summer resident.

Family 56. PARIDJE. The Nuthatches and Titmice.

Sitta, Linnaeus.

S. Carolinensis, Latham. White-bellied Nuthatch. " Sap-sucker." Com-
mon resident.

S. Canadensis, L. Red-bellied Nuthatch. Common winter resident, and
rather rare resident.

Parus, Linnaeus.

P. atricapillus, L. Black-capped Titmouse. Chickadee. Very common
resident.

Family 57. SYLVIID-S3. The Old World Warblers.

Hegulus, Cuvier.
R. satrapa, Lichtenstein. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common migrant, and

not rare winter resident.
R. calendula (L.). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common migrant.

Family 58. TURDIDJE. The Thrushes.

Turdus, Linnaeus.

T. mustelinus, Gmelin. Wood Thrush. Rare summer resident.
T. fuscescens, Stephens. Tawny Thrush. Wilson's Thrush. Not com-
mon summer resident.
T. ustulatus, Nuttall. Olive-backed Thrush. Rare summer resident.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

11

T. Aonalaschkae, Gmelin, var. Pallasi, Cabanis. Hermit Thrush. Com-
mon summer resident.
Merula, Leach.

M. migratoria (L.). Robin. American Red Breast. Abundant summer
resident, and very rare resident.
Sialia, Swainson. '

S. sialis (L.). Common Blue Bird. Very common summer resident.

^8 LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

CLASS V. MAMMALIA. THE MAMMALS.

Order XXIV. GLIRES. The Rodents or Gnawers.
Family 59. LEPORID^. The Hares.

Lepus, Linnaeus.

L. Americanus, Erxleben. White Rabbit. Northern Hare. Common.

Family 60. HYSTRICID^. The Porcupines.

Erethizon, Frederic Cuvier.

E. dorsatus (I..). Canada Porcupine. Not rare. This is wrongly called
" Hedgehog", which is European.

Family 61. ZAPODIDJE. The Jumping Mice.

Zapus, Coues.

Z. Hudsonius (Zimmerman). Jumping Mouse. Rare.

Family 62. MURID^. The Mice.

Fiber, Cuvier.

F. zibethicus (L.). Muskrat. Common.
ArviCOla, Lacepede." Field Mice.

A. Pennsylvanicus, Ord. Meadow Mouse. Abundant.

Evotomys, Coues.

E. rutilus (Pallas). Long-eared Mouse. Rather rare.

Calomys, Waterhouse.

C. Americanus (Kerr). Common White-footed Mouse. Dormouse. Com-
mon.
Mus, Linnseus. Old World Rats and Mice.

M. decumanus, Pallas. Prown or Norway Rat. Abundant.

M. rattus, L. Black Rat. Common.

M. musculus, L. Common House Mouse. Too abundant.

Family 63. CASTORID^. The Beavers.

Castor, Linnaeus.

C. fiber, L. Beaver. Very rare. C. A. Downs.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 79

Family 64. SCIUIIIDJE. The Squirrels.

Arctomys, Schreber.

A. monax (L.). Woodchuck. Ground Hog. Very common.

Tamias, lUiger.

T. striatus (L.). Chipmunk. Ground Squirrel. Abundant.

Sciurus, Linnaeus.

S. Hudsonicus, Erxleben. Red Squirrel. Chickaree. Very common.

S. Carohnensis, Gmelin. Includes, — Gray Squirrel, common ; Black Squir-
rel, very rare.
Sciuropterus, Frederic Cuvier.

S. volans (L.). Common Flying Squirrel. Rather common.

Order XXV. INSECTIVORA. The Insect-eaters.
Family 65. SORICID..^. The Shrews.

Sorex, Linnaeus.

S. Forsteri (Richardson). Probable.

S. platyrhinus (De Kay). Common Shrew. Shrew Mouse. Not rare.

Blarina, Gray.

B. brevicauda (Say). Mole-Shrew. Probable.

B. angusticeps, Baird. Not rare.

Family 66. TALPIDJE. The Moles.

Scalops, Cuvier,

vS. aquaticus (L.). Common Mole. Common.

Scapanus, Pomel.

S. Americanus (Bartram). Hairy-tailed Mole. Probable.

Condylura, Illiger.

C. cristata (L.). Star-nosed Mole. Common.

Order XXVI. CHEIROPTERA. The Bats.
Family 67. VESPERTILIONIDiE. The Common Bats.

VespertiliO, Linnaeus.

V. subulatus, Say. Little Brown Bat. Very common.
VesperugO, Keyserling & Blasius.

V. noctivagans (Le Conte). Silver Black Bat. Not common. R. Chellis.

V. Georgianus (F. Cuvier). Rare.

V. serotinus (Schreber), var. fuscus, Beauvais. Long-eared Bat. Rare.

Atalapha, Rafinesque.

A. Noveboracensis (Erxleben). Red Bat. Common.
A. cinerea (Beauvais). Hoary Bat. Possible.

8o LIST OF VERTEBRATES.

Order XXVII. UNGULATA. The Hoofed Mammals.

Family 68. CERVIDJE. The Deer.

Cariacus, Gray.

C. Virginianus (Pioddaert). yirginia Deer. Red Deer. Rare. Has been
reintroduced into Vermont, and may be seen occasionally throughout the
district.

Order XXVIII. FER^. The Flesh-Eaters or Carxivora.

Family 69. PROCYONIDJE. The Raccoons.

Procyon, Storr.

P. lotor (L.). Common Raccoon. Coon. Rather common.

Family 70. URSIDJE. The Bears.

TJrsus, Linnaeus.

U. Americanus, Pallas. Brown, Black, or Cinnamon Bear. Rare.

Family 71. MUSTELID^. The Weasels.

Mephitis, Cuvier.

M. mephitica (Shaw). Common Skunk. Too common.

GulO, Storr.

G. gulo (L.). Wolverene. Probable.

Mustela, Linnaeus.

M. Americana, Turton. Sable. Pine Marten. Not common.

M. Pennanti (Erxleben). Black Cat. Rare.
Putorius, Cuvier.

P. vison (Schreber). Mink. Rather common.

P. erminea (L.). Weasel. Ermine. Stoat. Rather common.

P. nivalis (L.). Least Weasel. Rare.

Family 72. CANID-S3. The Dogs.

Vulpes, Brisson.

V. vulpes (L.). Red Fox. Rather common.

var. decussatus, Desm. The Cross Fox. Very rare,
var. argentatus, Shaw. Black or Silver Fox. Very rare.

Family 73. FELID^. The Cats.

Lynx, Rafinesque.

L. Canadensis (Desmarest). Canada Lynx. Rare.
L. rufus (Guldenstadt). American Wild Cat. Rare.

Felis, Linnaeus. Cats.

F. concolor, L. American Panther. Cougar. Puma. Very rare.

LIST OF VERTEBRATES. 8l

Order XXIX. PRIMATES. The Anthropoid Mammals.

Family 74. HOMINIDJE. The Men.

Homo, Linnaeus.
H. sapiens, L. Man.
var. Americanus, L. " American Indian."
var. Europaeus, L. Caucasian race,
var. Asiaticus, L. Mongolian race,
var. Afer, L. Negro race.

SUMMARY OF SPECIES.

Fishes, 24

Batrachians, 20

Reptiles, 15

Birds, T91.

Mammals, 50'

Total, 300

Note. — The above List, it is hoped, will furnish a good working basis for a
thorough exploration of the region designated, and ultimately for a complete
Catalogue of the Vertebrates occurring within our limits. The cooperation of
all naturalists and sportsmen is invited, and they- are requested to report all
additions, corrections, and information of any kind, to either Prof. T. W. D.
WoRTHEN or Prof. H. G. Jesup, Hanover, N. H.

II^DEX TO PLANTS.

[Synonyms in Parentheses ; Cultivated Plants in Italics.]

Abies

41

Apple of Peru

30

Beard-tongue

30

Almtilon

(Aquifoliacefe)

8

Bedstraw

20

Acalypha

36

Aquilegia

2

Bee- balm

32

Acer

9

Arabis

4

Beech-drops

31

Achillea

23

Araceai

47

Beech

39

Acoiiitum

2

Aracliis

12

Blue

38

Acorus

47

Aral] a

17

Beet,

34

Actjca

2

Araliaceae

17

I5eggar's-lice

28

Adcler's-mouth

42

Arbor-vita?

41

BeJlflower

25

Adder's-tongue 45, 58

Arbutus, Trailing

2(;

Bellwort

45

Adder's-tongue Family

58

Arceuthobium

36

Berberidacea;

2

Adiantum

56

Arctium

23

Berberis

2

Adlumia

3

Arctostaphylos

25

Bergamot

3-2

^scuhcs

9

Arenaria

6

Beta

34

Agrimonia

13

Arethusa

43

Betula

38

Agropyrum

55

Arisajma

47

(Betulacea?)

38

Agrostis

5:s

Aristida

52

Bideus

22

(Aira)

54

Aristolochia

36

Bindweed

29,35

Alder

as

Aristolochiaceas

36

Hirch Family

38

Black

8

Arrhenatherum

5:5

Birthwort

36, 45

Alisma

47

Arrow-head

47

Birth wort Family

36

Alismacete

47

Artemisia

23

Bishop's-cap

14

Allium

44

Arum, Arrow

47

Bitter-nut

38

Alnus

38

Water

47

Bittersweet

29

Alopecurus

53

Arum Family

47

Climbing

8

Alyssum

5

Asarum

36

Blackberry

12

Amarantaceae

34

Asclepiadaceae

27

l^ladder-nut

10

Amaranth Family

34

Asclepias

27

Bladderwort Familv

31

Amaraiitus

34

Ash

'■'7

Blephilia

33

Ambrosia

22

Mountain

13

Blite, Strawberry

34

Amelanchier

14

Prickly

8

(Blitum)

34

Ampelopsis

9

Asparagus

45

Blood-root

3

Amphicarpaea

11

Aspen

39

Blueberry
Blue-curls

25

Aiiacardiaceae

10

Asphodel, False

46

32

Anaaallis

27

Aspidinm

57

Blue-Hag

44

Anaphalis

22

Asplenium

d6

Bluets

19

Andromeda

26

Asprella

55

Bnehmeria

37

Andropogon

52

Aster

21

Boneset

20

Anemone

1,2

Astragalus

11

Borage Family

28

Anemonella

1

A vena

54

Borraginacese

28

Angelica

16

Avens

12

Botrychium

58

Antennaria

22

(Azalea)

26

Box-elder

9

Antliemis

23

Brachyelytrum

53

Anthoxanthum

52

Ba'm of Gilead

40

Brake

56

Anychia

34

Balsam

8

Clitl

56

Aphyllou

31

Haneberry

2

Hrasenia

3

Apios

]]

Barbarea

4

lirassica

4.6

Ainum

17

Ha rberry

2

Bromus

55

Aplectrum

42

liarberry Family

2

P> room -rape Family

31

Apocynacete

27

Barley

55

Bruuella

33

Apocynum

27

Basil

32,33

liuckbean

28

Apple

14

Basswood

7

Biichei/e

9

Balsam

16

Jiean

12

Buckthorn

9

Crab

14

Bearberry

25

Buckthorn Family

9

84

INDEX TO PLANTS.

Buckwheat

Buckwheat Family

Buda

Bulrush

Bunch-berry

Burdock

Burnet

Jiurning-bush

Bur-reed

Buttercup

Butternut

Button-bush

Buttonwood

Cabbage

Cabbage, Skunk

Calamagrostis

Calamintha

Calla

Callitriche

Calopogon

Caltha

Calypso

(Calystegia)

Camelina

Campanulacese

Campanula Family

Camptosorus

Cancer-root

Candytuft

Cannabis

CaprifoJiacese

Capsella

Caragana

Caraway

Cardamine

Cardinal-flower

Carex

Carpet-weed

Carpinus

Carrot

Carum

Carya

Caryophyllacese

Cashew Family

Cassandra

Cassia

Castanea

Castor-oil plant

Catchfly

Catnip

Cat-tail Family

Caulophyllum

Ceanothus

Cedar, White

Red
Celandine
Celastracese
Celastrus
Celery
Celosia
Celtis
Cenchrus
Cephalanthus
Cerastium
Ceratophyllacese
Ceratopliyllum
Cliamomile
Clieckerberry
Chelidonium
C' elone
Chenopodiaceae
Clienopodium
Cherry

Ground

5
47
53
32
47
15
43

2
42
29

4

25
25
57
31

5
37
19

4
12
17

4
25
49-51
16
38
16
17

Chess

Chestnut

Chickweed

Forked
Chicory
Chimaphila
Chiogenes
Chionanthus
Chives
Choke-berry
Chrysanthemum
Clirysopogon
Chrysosplenium
Cichorium
Cicuta
Cimicifuga
Cinna
Cinque-foil
Ci rosea
(Cirsium)
Clsta<-eaB
Citrulus
Cladium
Claytonia
Clearweed
Clematis
Clintonia
Clover

Bush

Sweet
Club-moss
Club-moss Family
Cnicus
Cocklebur
Cockscomb
Cohosh, Black

Blue
Colchiciim
Coltsfoot

Sweet
Columbine
Comandra
Comfrey
Compositas
Composite Family
Cone-flower
Coniferae
Conioselinum
Coiiium
Conopholis
Convallaria
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus Family
Coptis
Corallorhiza
Coral-root
Cornaceae
Corn-cockle
Cornel
Cornus
Coronilla
Corydaiis
Corylus
Cottonwood
Cowslip
Cranberry

High
Oassulaceae
Crataegus
Cress
Crocus

Crowberry Family
Crowl'oot Family
Cruci ferae
Cryptotaenia

1,2

45
10
II
10
58
58
24
22
34

2

2
46
23
23

2
36
28,29
20
20
22
41
16
17
31
44
29
29

2
42
42 1

6
17, 18

1"

12

3 ;

38
40

2 :

25 1
19 I
15
13
4
44;
40 !

1

4
17 1

Cucumber 16

Bur 16

Cucumber Family 16
Cucumber-root, Indian 45

Cucumis 16

Cucurbita 16

Cucurbitaceae 16

Cudweed 22

Cupuliferae 38

Currant 14

Cuscuta 29

Cy (Ionia 14

Cynoglossum 28

Cyperaceae 48

Cyperus 48

Cypress-vine 29

Cypripedium 44

Cystopteris 57

Dactvlis 54

Daisv, Ox-eye 23

Dalibarda 12

Dandelion 24

Danthonia 54

Dai^hne 36

Datura 30

Daucus 16

Delphinium 2

Dentaria 4

Deschampsia 54

Desmodium 11

Dianthus 6

Dicentra 3

Dicksonia 57

Diervilla 19

I >irca 36

Dock 35

Dodder 29

Dogbane Family 27

Dogwood Family 17

Dragon-head 33

Drosera " 15

Droseraceae 15

Duckweed Family 47

Dulichium 49

Dutchman's-breeches 3

Eatonia 54

Echinocystis 16

Kchinospermum 28

Echium 29

Elder 19

Elecampane 22

Eleocharis 49

Elm 37

Elodea 42

El odes 7

Elymus 55

Empetraceae 40

Enipetium 40

Epigaea 26

Epilobium 15

Epiphegus 31

Equisetaceae 56

Equisetum 56

Eragrostis 54

Erechtites 23
Ericacf^ae " 25

Erigeron 21

Eriocauleae 48

Eriocanlon 48

Eriophorum 49

Erodium 8

Erysimum 4

Ervthronium 45

Euonymus 8

INDEX TO PLANTS.

85

Eupatorium

20

Gomphrena
Good-King-Henry

34

Euphorbia

36

34

Euphorbiacese

36

Goodyera

43

Everlasting

22

Gooseberry

14

Goosefoot

34

Fagopyrum

35

Goosefoot Family

34

Fagus

39

Gramineae

51

Fennel

17

Grape

9

Fern, Adder's-tongue

58

Grass. Barnyard

52

Beech

57

Beard

52

Bladder

57

Bent

53

Christmas

57

Blue-eyed

44

Cinnamon

57

Blue-joint

53

Flowering

57

Bottle-brush

55

Grape

58

Brome

54

Lady

56

Bur

52

Maiden-hair

56

Canary

52

Queen

57

Cat's-tail

53

Royal

57

Cotton

49

Sensitive

57

Couch

55

Shield

57

Crab

51

Sweet

38

Darnel

55

Fern Family

56

Drop-?eed

53

Festuca

54

Eel

42

Fever-wort

19

Fescue

54

Ficoidete

16

Fox-tail

52, 53

Fig-wort

30

Hair

53, 54

Figwort Family

30

Holy

52

Fiiices

56

Indian

52

Fimbrystilis

49

June

54

Fir

41

Manna

54

Fireweed

15,23

Meadow

53,54

Five-finger

13

Millet

53

Flax Family

8

Mountain-rice

52

Fleabane

21

Oat

53,54

Floatintr-heart

28

Old-witch

52

Fcenicuhim

17

Orchard

54

Forget-me-not

29

Panic

51,52

Foxglove

31

Poverty

52

Fragaria

12

Reed-bent

53

Fraxinus

27

Ribbon

52

Frittillaria

46

Rush

53

Frinyt-tree

27

Rye

55

Frog's-bit Family

42

Spear

54

Fumaria

3

Sweet vernal

52

Fumariaceae

3

Tape

42

Fumitory

3

Thin

53

Climbing

3

Timothy

53

Fumitory Family

3

Velvet

53

Funkia

46

White

52, 54

Wire

54

Galeopsis

33

Wood-reed

53

Galingale

48

Grass Family

51

Galinsoga

23

Gratiola

30

Galium

20

Greenbrier

44

Garlic

44

Gromwell

29

Gajiltheria

26

Ground Ivy

33

Gaylussaeia

25

Ground-nut

11

Gentiana

28

Groundsel

23

Gentiauaceae

28

Gentian Family

28

Habenaria

43

Geraniaceae

8

Hackberry

37

Geranium

8

Halorageae

In

Geranium Family

8

Haraamelideae

15

Gerardia

31

Hamamelis

15

Germander

32

Hardback

12

Geuni

12

Harebell

25

Ginseng

17

Hiiwkweed

24

Ginseng Family

17

Hawthorn

13

Gladiolus

44

Hazelnut

38

Gleditschia

12

Hazel, Witch

15

Glyceria

54

Heath Family

25

Gnaphalium

22

Hedeoma

32

Golden-rod

20

Hedge-liyssop

30

Gold-tliread

2

Helianthemum

5

Helianthus

22

Heliopsis

22

Hellebore, False

46

Hemerocallis

44

Hemlock 1'

,41

Ground

41

Poison

17

Water

17

Hemp

37

Indian

27

Henbane

30

Hepatica

1

Heracleum

16

Herb-Robert

8

Hesperis

4

Hibiscus

r

Hickory

38

Hieracium

24

Hierochloe

52

Hippuris

15

Hobble-bush

19

Hog Pea-nut

11

Holcus

53

Holly

8

Mountain

8

Holly Family

8

Hone-wort

17

Honeysuckle

19

Honeysuckle Family

19

Hop-tree

8

Hop-vine

37

Hordeum

55

Horehound

33

Hornbeam

38

Hornwort Family

40

Horse-chestnut

9

Horsetail Family

56

Horse-mint

32

Horseradish

4

Horse weed

21

Hound's-tongue

28

Houstonia

19

Huckleberry

25

Humulus

37

Hyacinthus

46

Hydrocaridaceae

42

Hydrocotyle

17

Hydrophyllaceae

28

Hydrophyllum

28

Hyoscyamus

30

Hypericaceae

7

Hypericum

7

Hyssop

33

Hyssopus

33

I her is

5

Ilex

8

Ilicineae

8

lUecebraceae

34

llysanthes

30

Impatiens

8

Indian-corn

55

Indian-pipe

27

India-ioheat

35

Inula

22

Ipomcea

29

Iridaceae

44

Iris

44

Iris Family

44

Iron wood

38

Isuetes

58

Ivy, Poison

10

Jacob's ladder

28

Jamestown-weed

30

Jewel-weed

8

S6

INDEX TO PLANTS.

Juglandacese

Juglana

June us

Juncacefe

June-berry

Juniper

Juniperus

Kalmia
Knawel

Knotwort Family
Krigia

Labiatae
Lactuca

Ladies'-tresses

Lady's-slipper

Lady's-thumb

Lagenaria

Lamium

Laportea

(Lappa)

Larch

Larix

Larlcspur

Lauracese

Laurel

Laurel Family

Lavandula

Lavender

Leather-leaf

Leatherwood

Lechea

Ledum

Leek, Wild

Leersia

Leguminosse

Lemna

Lemnaceae

Lentibulacese

Leouurus

Lepidium

Lespedeza

Lettuce

Leverwood

Ligu.sticum

Ligustrum

Lilac

Liliacese

Lilium

Lily 3

Day

Sioord

Tiger

Water
Lily Family
Lily of the Valley
Limn'anthemum
Linaceae
Linaria

Linden Family
Lindera
Linn sea
Linum
Liparis
Listera

Lithospermum
Liverwort
Lobeliaceaj
Lobelia Family
Locust
Loiseleuria
Lolium
Lonicera
Loosestrife

37 j Loosestrife Family
37 1 Lopseed

46 I Loranthaceae
Lousewort

14 Lovage
41 Lucerne

41 Ludwigia
Lungivort
Lupiuus
Luzula

34 Lycium
Lychnis
Lycopersicum

32 Lycopodiacese
24 j Lycofjodium

42 Lye opus

44 1 liysimachia

35 Lythraceae

16 Lythrum
33

37 Madder Family

23 Maianthemum
41 Maize

41 Mallow Family

2 Malva

36 Malvaceae
26 Mandrake
36 Maple

33 Maple, Ash- leaved
33 ' Mare's tail

26 Marigold, Bur
36 Marsh

5 Water

26 Marjoram
44 Marrubinm

52 Matrimony-vine
111 j Matthiola

47 May-flower
47 I 3Iay-weed

31 ^leadow-sweet
33 Medeola
5 Medicago
11 Medick

24 Melampyrum

38 Melilotus

17 Melissa

27 Menispermum

27 Menispermacese

44 Mentha

45 Menyanthes

44, 45, 46 j Mercury, Three-seeded
44, 46 Mertensia

44 Mermaid-weed

45 Mezereum Family

3 Milkweed Family
44 Milkwort Family
44 Milium

28 Mimulus

8 Mint Family
30 Mistletoe Family

7 Mitella
36 Mitchella
19 Mitre-wort

8 ! Muck-orange
42 Mollugo

42 Monarda

29 Moneses

1 Moneywort

25 , Monkey-flower

25 Monkshood
11, 12 Monotropa

26 \ Moonseed

55 Moonseed Family
19 Moon wort
15, 27 I Morning-glory

15

Morus

37

32

Slotherwort

33

36

Mountain-fringe

3

31

Muhlenbergia

53

17

Mulberry

12,37

11

(Mulgedium)

24

15

Mullein

30

29

Muscari

46

10

Mustard

4

46

Mustard Family

4

30

Mycrostylis

42

6

Myosotis

29

30

Myrica

38

58

Myricaceae

38

58
32
27

3Iyriophyllum

15

(Nabalus)

24r

15

Naiadaceae

48

15

Naias

48

(Nardosmia)

23

19

Nasturtium

4

45

Negundo

9

55

Nemopanthes

8

7

Nepeta

33

7

Nettle

33,37

7

Nettle Family

37

3

Nicandra

30

9

Nicotiana

30

9

Nightshade, Enchanters' 16

15

Nightshade Family

29

22

Nuphar

3

2

Nympiiaea

3

23

Nymphaeaceae

3

32

Nyssa

18

33

30

Oak

38

5

Jerusalem

34

26

Oakesia

45

23

Oak Family

38

12

Ocinium

33

45

CEnothera

16

11

Oleaceae

27

11

Olive Family

27

31

Onagraceae

15

10

Onion

44

33

Onociea

57

2

Ophioglossacese

58

3

Ophioglos«um

58

32

Orchidaceae

42

28

Orchis

43

36

Orchis Family

42

29

Origanum

32

15

Ornithogalum

44

36

Orobanchaceae

31

27

Orpine Family

15

10

Oryzopsis

52

^3

Ostrya

38

30

Osmorrhiza

17

32

Osmuuda

57

36

Ovster-plant

•24

14

Oxalis

8

20

Ox-eye

22

14

14

Pieonia

2

16

Panicum

51

32

Papaveraceae

3

26

i Parnassia

14

27

Parsley

17

30

Parsley Family

16

2

Parsnip

16,17

27

I'artritlge-berry

20

2

Paspalum

51

2

Pastinaca

16

58

1 Pea

13:

29

j Pea-nut

la

IXDEX TO PLANTS.

87

Pear

14

Pearl wort

6

Pea-tree

12

Pedicularis

31

Pellaea

56

Peltandra

47

Pennyroyal

32

Pennywort, Water

17

Penthorum

15

Pentsteraon

30

Peppergrass

5

Pepperidge

18

Peppermint

32

Pepper-root

4

Petasites

2:^

Phalaris

52

Phaseolus

12

Phegopteris
Philadefphus

57

14

Plileum

53

Phlox

28

Pliryma

32

Physalis

29

Physostegia

33

Phytolacca

35

Pliytolaccacese

35

Picea.

41

Pickerel-weed Family

46

Pig-nut

38

Pig-weed

34

Pifea

37

Pimpernel

27.3(1

Pine

41,58

Pine-drops

26

Pine Family

41

Pine sap

27

Pink Family

6

Pinus

41

Pin weed

5

Pipe-vine

36

Pipewort Family

4^

Pis urn

12

Pitcher-plant
Pitclier-Plant Family

3

3

Plane-tree Family

37

Plantaginaceae

33

Plantago

33

Plantain Family

33

Platanacese

37

Platan us

37

Plum

12

Von

54

Podopliyllum

3

Pogonia
Poke, Indian

43

46

Pokeweed Family

35

Polypodium

56

Polemoniaceas

28

I'olemonium

28

Polemonium Family

28

Polygala Family

10

Polygalaceae

10

Polygon acese

35

I'olygonatum

44

Polygonum

35

Pond weed

48

Pond weed Family

48

Pontederia

46

Pontederiacese

46

Poplar

39

Poppy Family

3

Populus

39

Portulaca

7

Portulacacete

7

Potamogeton

48

Potato

Potentilla

Poterium

Prenanthes

Primrose, Evening

Primrose Family

Primulaceae

Prince's-feather

Prince's pine

Privet

Proserpinaca

Prunus

Ptelea

Pteris

Pterospora

Pulse family

Purslane

Purslane Family

Putty-root

I'ycnanthemum

Pyrola

Pyrus

Quercus

Quillwort

Quince

Radish

Ragweed

Ragwort

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus

Raplianus

Raspberry

Rattlesnake-plantain

Rattlesnake-weed

Rhamnaceae

Rhaninus

Rheum

Rhododendron

(Rhodora)

Rliubarb

Rhus

Rhynchospora

Ribes

liicinus

Kobinia

Rocket

Rock-rose

Rock-rose Family

Rosa

Rosacese

Rose Family

Roubieva

Rubiaceae

Rubus

Rudbeckia

Hue Family

Rue, Meadow

Rumex

Rush Family

Rush

Beak

Club

8pike

Twig
Rutaceae
Rije

Wild

13
13
24
16
27
27
35
26
27
15
12,14
8

56
26
10

42

32

26

13, 14

Saf/c 33

Vagina 6

Sagittaria 47

St. John's-wort Family 7

Salicaceae 39

Salix

39

Salvia

33

Sambucus

19

Sandalwood Family

36

Sandwort

6

Sansuinaria

3

Sanicula

17

Santalaceae

36

Sapindaceae

9

Saponaria

6

Sarracenia

3

Sarraceniaceae

3

Sarsaparilla

17

Sassafras

36

Satureia

33

Sax if ruga

14

Saxifragaceae

14

Saxifrage Family
Scheuchzeria

14

48

Scilla

46

Scirpus

49

Scleranthus

34

Scrophularia

30

Scrophulariaceae

30

Scutellaria

33

Secale

55

Sedge A
Sedge Family

49

48

Sedum

15

Selaginella

58

Selaginellaceae

58

Selaginella Family

58

Self-heal

33

Senecio

23

Senna

11

Sericocarpus

21

Setaria

52

Shad-bush

14

Sheep-berry

19

Shepherd's-purse

4

Sicvos

16

Silene

6

Sisymbrium

4

Sisyrinchium

44

Slum

17

Skullcap

33

Smart weed

35

Sniilacina

45

Smilax

44

Snake-head

30

Snakeroot

17, 20

Snowherry

19

Creeping

25

Soapwort

6

Soapberry Family

9

Solanaceae

29

Solanum

29,30

Solidago

20

Solomon's-seal

44, 45

Sonchus

24

(Sorghum)

52

Sorrel

8,35

Sour-uum tree

18

Sparganiuni

47

Spearmint

32

Specularia

25

Speedwell

31

Spergula

7

Spergularia)

6

Spice-wood

36

Spikenard

17

Sj)inac/na

34

Spiraea

12,14

Spiranthes

42

Spirodela

47

88

INDEX TO PLANTS.

Spleeuwort

56

Thoroughwort

20

Veronica

31

Sporobolus

53

Thuya

41

Vervain Family

32

Spring-beauty

7

Thyme

33

Vetch

11

Spruce

41

Thymelaeaceae

36

Viburnum

19

Spurge Family

36

Thymus

33

Vicia

11

Spurrey

6,7

Tiarella

14

Yincetoxicum

28

Squirrel-corn

3

Tiger-floioer

44

Vine Family

9

Stachys

33

Tlgrldia
'lilia

44

Viola

5

Staff-tree Family

8

7

Vioiacese

5

Staph V lea

10

Tiliaceae

7

Violet Family

5

Star-flower

27

Toad-Flax

30,36

Virginian creeper.

9

Star-of-Bethlehem

44

Tobacco

30

Yirgin's-bower

1

Starwort

21

Tobacco, Indian

25

Vitacese

9

Water

15

Totieldia

46

Vitis

9

Steirouema

27

Tomato

30

Stellaria

6

Tragopogou

24

Wake-robin

45

Stock

5

Tretbil

10

Walking-leaf

57

Stoue-crop

15

Tick

11

Wiildsteinia

12

Storks-bill

8

Trichostema

32

Walnut Family

37

Stramonium

30

Trie n talis

27

Waterleaf Family

28

Strawberry

12

Tiifolium

10

Water-lilv Family

3

Streptopus

45

Trillium

45

Water-milfoil Family

15

Sundew

15

Trieste um

19

Water-plantain Family

47

Sundew Family

15

Triticum

55

Water-shield

3

Sunflower

22

Tsuga

41

Waterweed

42

Sumach

10

Tulipa

46

Wheat

55

Summer Savory

33

Tumbleweed

34

Cow

31

Sweet-Acely

17

Turnip

5

Wild Ginger

36

Sweet- fern

38

Indian

47

Willow

39

Sweet-flag

47

Tussilago

23

Willow Family

39

Sweet-gale

38

Twayblade

4-2

Willow-herb

15

Sweet-gale Family

38

Twin-flower

19

Wind-flower

1

Sycamore

37

Twist-foot

45

Wintergreen
Wistai-ia

26

Si/mphoricai'pus

19

Tyoha

47

12

Symphytum

29

Typhacese

47

Witch-hazel Family

15

Symplocarpus

47

Woodbine

9

Sijringa

14,27

Ulmus

37

Woodsia

57

Umbellifer^

16

Wormwood

23

Tamarack

41

Urtica

37

Tanacetum

23

Urticaceae

37

Xanthium

22

Tansy

23

Utricularia

31

Xanthoxylum

8

Taraxacum

24

Uvularia

45

Xyridaceas

46

Taxus

41

Xyris

46

Tea, Labrador

26

Vaccinium

25

New Jersey
Teucrium

9
32

Valerian, Greek
Vallisneria

28
42

Yarrow ^o
Yellow-eyed-grass Family46

Thalictrum

1

Venus's looking-glass

25

Yew
Y'ucca

46

(Thaspium)

17

Veratrum

46

Thistle

24,29

Verbascum

30

Zannichellia

48

Thlaspi .

4

Verbena

32

Zea

55

Thorn-tree

13

Yerbenacese

32

Zizia

17

INDEX TO YEETEBEATES.

Acauthis

72

Butcher-bird

74

Crotalus

63

Acanthopteri

60

Crow

71

Accipiter

68

Calcarius

72

Cuckoo

69

Acris

61

Calomys

78

Cuculidae

69

Actitis

67

Canidae

80

Cvanocitta

71

Adder

63

Caprimulgidae

70

Cyprinidae

59

^o-ialitis

67

Cariacus

80

Agelaius

72

Carnivora

80

Dace

59

Aix

66

Carpodacus

72

Darters

60

Alaudidag

71

Castor

78

Deer

80

Alcedinidse

69

Castoridse

78

Dendragapus

68

Alcidae

65

Cat-bird,

76

Dendroica

75

Alle

65

Cat-ash.

59

Diadophis

63

Aniblystoma

61

Catostomidae

59

Diwrnyctylus

61

Amblystomatidae

61

Catostomus

59

Dipper-duck

65

Ameiurus

59

Cedar-bird,

74

Diving-birds

65

Ammodramiis

72,73

Centrarchidae

60

Dolichonyx

71

Ampelidae

74

CeophlcBUS

70

Dove

68

Ampelis

74

Certhia

76

Dryobates

70

Anas

66

Certhiidae

76

Duck

66

Aiiatidae

66

Cervidae

80

Anguilla

60

Ceryle

69

Eagle

68

Anguillidse

60

Chaetura

70

Ectopistes

68

Anseres

66

Charadriidae

67

Eel

60

Anthus

75

Chelidon

73

Eel Bout

60

Aiitrostomus

70

Chelopus

64

Empidonax

71

Apodes

60

Chelvdra

63

Emydidae

64

Aquila

68

Chelydridae

63

Erethizon

78

Archibuteo

68

Chewink

73

Erisraatura

66

Arctomys

79

Chickadee

76

Esocidae

60

A rdea

66

Chimney Swallow

70

Esox

60

Ardeidae

66

Chipmunk

79

Etheostoraa

60

A re n aria

67

Chiroptera
Choideiles

79

Eutainia

63

Arvicola

78

70

Eventognathi

59

Asio

69

Chorophvlus

62

Evet

61

Atalapha

79

Chrvsemys
Chub Eel

64

Evotomys

78

Auk

65

60

Aves

65

Circus

68

Faico

68,69

Cistothorus

76

Falcon

68

Bartramia

67

Clivicola

74

Falconidae

68

Bass

60

Coccyges

69

Felid*

80

Bat

79

Coccyzus

69

Felis

80

Batrachia

61

Colaptes

70

Ferae

80

Bear

80

Colinus

67

Fiber

78

Beaver

78

Colubridae

63

Finch

72

Bittern

66

Columbae

68

Flycatcher

71

Blackbird

71,72

Columbidae

68

Fox

80

Black Cat

80

Colymbus

65

Fringillidae

72

Blariua

79

Compsothlypis

75

Fro;^

61,62

Blue Bird

77

Condylura

79

Tree

62

Bobolink

71

Contopus

71

Fulica

67

Bob-white

67

Cormorant

65

Bonasa

68

Coot

67

Gadidae

60

Botaurus

66

Corvidje

71

Caleoscoptes

76

Branta

66

Corvus

71

(iallinae

67

Brown Thrasher

76

Cottidae

60

Gallinago

67

Bubo

69

Cottus

60

Geothlypis

75

Bubonidse

69

Cow-bird

71

Glires

78

Bufo

61

Crane

66

Golden Robin

72

Bufonidae

61

Creeper

74, 76

Goldfinch

72

Bull-liead

59

Crossbill

79

Goose

66

Buteo

68

Crotalidae

63

Goshawk

68

90

INDEX.

Grebe

Grosbeak

Grouse

Gull

Gulo

Habia

Haliaetus

Haplomi

Hare

Harporhynchus

Hawk

Hedtjehoj?

Helminthophila

Herodiones

Heron

Heterodon

High-holer

Hirundinidse

Hominidae

Homo

Horn-pout

Humming-bird

Hvla

Hylidse

Hystricidse

Icteridae

Icterus

Indian Hen

Indijo-bird

Inspctivora

Isospondyli

Jay

Jumping Mouse

Junco

Kildeer
King- bird
Kingfisher
Kini^let

65 Micropterus
72, 73 Miller's Thumb
37, 68 Mimus
65 Mink
Minnow
Mniotilta
Mniotiltidae
Mocking-bird
Mole

Molothrus
Motacillidge
Mud Hen
Muridse
Mus

Muskrat
Mustela
Mustelidae
Myiarchus

8j

76

60

i
71!
78;
73'

67
71

Laniidae

74

Lanius

74

Lapland-longspur

72

Larid*

65

Lark

71,75

Larus

65

Lepomis

60

Leporidse

78

LepUS

78

Limicolae

67

Liopeltis

63

Longipennes

65

Loon

65

Lo]jliodytes

66

Lota

60

Loxia

72 1

Lynx

80

Macrochires

70

Mammalia

78

Man

81

Marsh-Harrier

68

Martin, Purple
3Ieadow-lark

73

72

Mn^a scops

69

:Mt^lanerpes

70

Melospiza

73

Mp]>liitis

80

Merganser

66

Merula

77

Mice

78, 79

Micropodidse

70

Nematognathi

Newt

Night-hawk

Notemigonus

Notropis

Nuthatch

Nyctala

Nyctea

Nycticorax

Ophibolus

Opliidia

Oriole

Osprey

Otocoris

Oven-bird

Owl

Paludicolee

Pandion

Panther

Paridae

Partridge

Parus

Passer

Passeres

Passerella

Passerina

Pelobatidfe

Perca

Perch

Percidae

Perisoreus

Petrochelidon

Pewee

Phalacrocoracid£

Phalacrocorax

Philohela

Phoebe

Pici

Picidag

Pickerel

Picoides

Pigeon, Wild

Pike

Pine-finch

Pine-marten

Pinicola

Pipilo

I'iranga

Pisces

Plectrophenax

Piethodon

Plethodontidae

Pleurodelidae

Plover

60

Podiceps

65

60

Podicipidag

65

76

Podilymbus

65

80

Ppocaetes

72

59

Porcupine

78

74

Porzana

67

74

Primates

81

76

Procyon

80

79

Procyonidae

80

71

Progne

73

75

Pumpkin-seed

60

67

Purple-finch

72

78

Putorius

80

78
78
80

Pygopodes

65

Quail

67

80
71

Quiscalus

72

Rabbit

78

59

Kaccoon

80

61

Kail

66, 67

70

Ral]id£e

66

59

Kallus

66

59

Ran a

62

76

Hanidae

62

69

Raptores

68

69

Rat

78

66

Rattlesnake

63

Red-breast

63

Ked-poll-linnet

72

63

Redstart

75

72

Regulus

76

69

Reptilia

63

71

Rhinichthys

59

75

Robin

72, 73, 77

69

Rodents

78

66

Sable

80

69

Salamander

61

80

Salientia

61

76

Salmonidae

60

68

Salmon-trout

60

76

Salvelinus

60

72

Sand-martin

74

71

Sandpiper

67

73

Sap-sucker

70

73

Sayornis

71

61

Scalops

79

60

Scapanus

79

60

Scaphiopus

61

60

Sciuridae

79

71

Sciuropterus

79

73

Sciurus

79

71

Scolecophagus

72

65

Scolopacida3

67

65

Scotiaptex

69

67

Sculpin

60

Seiurus

Semotilus

Setophaga

Sheldrake

Shiner

Shrew

60 I Shrike
72 Sialia
80 I Siiuridae

72 Sitia

73 Skunk
7:< Snake

Snipe

Snow-bird

Snow-bunting

61 So rex

61 ' Soricidae
67 Spade-foot

INDEX.

91

Sparrow

72, 73 Testudiuata

63

UrsHS

80

Spelerpes

61

Tetraonidse

67

Sphyrapicus

70

Thrush

75, 76, 77

Vespertilio

79

Spinas

72

^ip "P

67

Vespertilionidae

79

Spizella

73

Titlark

75

Vesperugo

79

Squirrel

79

Titmouse

76

Vireo

74

Squawk

66

Toad

61,62

Vireonidas

74

Sterna

65

Tree

62

Vulpes

80

Stizostedion

60

Tortoise

64

Storeria

63

Totanus

67

Wall-eye

60

Sturnella

72

Tringa

67

Warbler

"4, 75, 76

Sucker

59

Trochilidae

70

Water-wagtail

75

Sunfish

60

Trochilus

70

Wax-wing

74

Surnia

69

Troglodytes

76

Weasel

80

Swallow

73, 74

Troglodytidae

76

Whippoorwill
Wild-cat

70

Swift

70

Tropidonotus

63

80

Sylvania

75

Trout

60

Wolverene

80

SylviidEe

76

Turdidse

76

Woodchuck

79

Syrniura

69

Turdus

76,77

Woodcock

67

Turnstone

67

Woodpecker

70

Tachycineta

73

Turtle

63,64

Wren

76

Talpidae

79

Tyrannidse

71

Yellow-bird

72

Tamias

79

Tyrannus

71

Yellow-hammer

70

Tanager
Tanagridae

S

Ungulata

80

Yellow-throat

75

Tattler

67

Urinator

65

Zapodid*

78

Teal

66

Urinatoridse

6.)

Zaous

7S

Tell-tale

67

Urodela

61

Zenaidura

68

Tern

65

Ursidae

80

Zonotrichia

7S

'?r^,

^^€^.