EHIOMOLOGY CATALOGUE OF HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS THE COLLECTION BRITISH MUSEUM. BY FREDERICK SMIT PART FORMICID.E: LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1858. ENTOMOLOGY PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. PREFACE. THE object of the present Catalogue is to give a complete list of all the known genera and species of Ants (Fon- MICIDJE), including those which have been previously re- corded, together with descriptions of such as appear to be hitherto undescribed. The letters B.M. in the margin indicate the species contained in the Collection of the British Museum. JOHN EDWARD GRAY. 1st March, 1858. 2 HYMENOPTERA. Species of Europe. (Sp. 1-25.) SUBDIVISION 1. Anterior wings with one marginal, two submarginal, and one discoidal cell. The scale of the peduncle vertical and compressed. Ocelli present in the males, females, and usually so in the workers. A. Males smaller than the females, but not remarkably so. Note. — In describing the workers of this genus we have used the terms Worker major and Worker minor ; amongst the British species such positive distinctions are not so readily discernible as in many exotic ones ; amongst these, the large workers are distinguished by an enormously developed head, wider than either the thorax or abdomen; the small workers in such species have the head of the ordinary size and form, not being wider than the abdomen ; these have also usually more slender and elongate legs. In the majority of the British species two forms or sizes of workers are to be met with, but in the societies of F. fuliginosa little or no difference in size is to be detected. The ocelli, as a general rule, are to be found in all the sexes, but in F. nigra, flava and umbrata they are only to be seen under a high magni- fying power. 1. FORMICA RUFA. PL III. figs. 1, 7, 8, 9. B.M. Formica rufa, Linn. Faun. Suec. no. 1721 ; Syst. Nat. i. 962. 3. Scop. Ins. Cam. 313. 836. Fabr. Syst. Ent. 391. 4; Ent. Syst. ii. 351. 8; Syst. Piez. 398. 11. Schrank, Ins. Austr. no. 834. Rossi, Faun. Etrus. ii. 113. 836. Don. Brit. Ins. xiv. 76. t. 496 $ . Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 493. 14. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 143. pi. 5. f. 28. A. B. $ ? $ . Dumer. Consid. gen. 211 . t. 32. f . 2 ? . Jurine, Hym. 272. St. Farg. Hym. i. 201. 3. Curtis, Brit. Ent. xvi. t. 752 $ ? £ . Zett. Ins. Lapp. 449. 5. Brulle, Exped. Sc. de Moree, iii. 327. 727- Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 60. 14; Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. 902. 5. Foerst. Hum. Stud. Form. 13. 3. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 25. Smith, Brit. Form. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. iii. n. s. 100. 1. Mayr. Form,. Austr. 56. 9; Ungar. Ameis. 9. 9. HYMENOPTERA. 3 Formica dorsata, Panz. Faun. Germ. 54. 1 5 . Formica obsoleta, Zett. Ins. Lapp. 449. 5 $ $ . Formica lugubris, Zett. idem, 6 domen large, ovate, and wider than the thorax ; scale of the pe- duncle small, ovate, and slightly marginate above. Hab. Port Natal. 113. FORMICA NATALENSIS. B.M.. Female. Length 7 lines. — Shining black, with the head above and the disk of the thorax opake. Head elongate ; the clypeus carinated longitudinally ; the mandibles obscurely ferruginous ; the flagellum rufo-testaceous ; the eyes placed rather high on the back of the head ; a smooth impressed line runs from the anterior stemma to the base of the clypeus. The mesothorax with a deeply impressed line in the middle running backwards one-third of its length ; a finer and more slightly impressed line runs on each side over the tegulae ; a few scattered punctures on the disk ; the metathorax rounded behind ; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the wings fusco-hyaline, palest towards their apex, the nervures testaceous, the stigma dark brown. Abdomen ovate ; the apical margins of the segments narrowly pale testaceous; the scale of the peduncle subquadrate, and emarginate above. Worker major. Length 6 lines. — Coloured like the female, only differing in having the mandibles black ; head very large, much wider than the thorax and deeply excavated behind ; tho- rax widest in front, narrowed behind and obliquely truncate at the apex ; the scale of the peduncle narrower than in the female, its margin above entire. Worker minor. Length 5 lines. — Coloured like the large worker, but having the mandibles ferruginous at the apex; slender and elongate ; the head oblong-ovate, and slightly emarginate behind; the antennae elongate and slender. Thorax elongate, narrower than the head, widest in front; the scale incrassate, narrow and subconical, its apex somewhat pointed. Abdomen ovate. Male. Length 4£ lines. — In form resembling the male of F. rufa, in colour agreeing with the other sexes ; the head narrower than the thorax, the legs slender and elongate, the tarsi pale rufo-testaceoi;s ; scale small, subconical, and slightly notched above. Abdomen elongate-ovate. Hab. Port Natal. Mr. R. W. Plant collected a number of each sex of this spe- cies from the nest, constructed in old decaying trees. 114. FORMICA CUSTODIENS. B.M. Worker. Length 2 lines. — Head, thorax and legs ferruginous, c 5 34 HYMENOPTERA. and covered with a silky cinereous pile. Head emarginate be- hind. The thorax deeply strangulated at the base of the meta- thorax; the scale of the peduncle narrow, incrassate, obtuse above. Abdomen ovate, black, and covered with grey silky pile. Hab. Port Natal. This species is attached by its mandibles to the leg of a species of Pans us. 115. FORMICA LACTEIPENNIS. B.M. Female. Length 4 J, lines. — The head, thorax and abdomen above brown-black, the two latter pale testaceous beneath ; the flagellum, mandibles and legs testaceous; the tibia3 and tarsi rather darker than the femora ; the head oblong, slightly emar- ginate behind ; the metathorax testaceous, more or less dusky above ; the scale of the peduncle pale testaceous, ovate, notched above ; the wings milky-white, the nervures pale testaceous yellow ; the abdomen ovate, its base and the apical margins of the segments pale testaceous ; the insect is smooth and shining. Worker major. Length 41- lines. — Black: the flagellum and legs rufo-testaceous, the tarsi dusky; head very large, deeply emarginate behind ; thorax narrow, widest in front, compressed behind; the diskal line of the thorax curved from the base to the apex; the scale pale testaceous and narrow, its margin entire ; abdomen ovate, with the apical margins of the segments and the base beneath pale testaceous. Worker minor. Length 4 lines. — Head elongate, much nar- rowed behind the eyes, the latter rather large and ovate ; face anteriorly, the clypeus, palpi, flagellum, and extreme base and apex of the scape, pale ferruginous ; the scape fusco-ferruginous. Thorax elongate, narrow, compressed behind, pale rufo-testa- ceous, with the disk of the thorax slightly fuscous. Abdomen ovate, the base arid the scale of the peduncle pale rufo-testaceous ; the scale incrassate, elongate, narrow, rounded above. Male. Length 3 lines. — Head, antennae, thorax, legs, and scale of the peduncle, pale rufo-testaceous ; the head and abdo- men small, the latter fuscous ; the wings milky-white, the ner- vures yellow ; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, quadrate, and deeply notched above. Hab. Port Natal. The sexes of this species were taken from the nest, which is usually constructed in fallen timber; collected by Mr. R. W. Plant. 116. FORMICA COSMICA. B.M. Worker major. Length 3£ lines. — Black : the head and HYMENOPTERA. thorax very thinly covered with sericeous down ; the abdomen with a dense pale golden pubescence ; the mandibles and flagel- lum ferruginous ; the tarsi have their apical joints obscurely fer- ruginous. Head large, much wider than the thorax, emarginate behind ; the clypeus with a central longitudinal carina, in a line with which a slightly impressed line runs upwards nearly to the emargination of the vertex. Thorax compressed posteriorly. Abdomen : all the segments with a narrow white apical margin. Worker minor. Length 2} lines. — This differs in having the head much narrower and more elongate ; the thorax is also more elongate ; otherwise it resembles the large worker. Hab. Port Natal. (Coll. R. W. Plant.) 117. FORMICA COGNATA. B.M. Worker major. Length 5-.V lines. — Extremely like F. macu- lata, which it may be : the antenna? and head as in that spe- cies ; the legs entirely ferruginous ; the abdomen entirely black ; in other respects the same as in F. maculata. Worker minor. — This insect differs from the small worker of F. maculata : the head is of a different form, being narrowed slightly behind the eyes, and is more sharply emarginate behind ; the scale of the peduncle is more elongate and pointed at the apex ; the abdomen entirely black, and the legs red. Notwith- standing the differences pointed out, this species will probably prove to be a variety of F. maculata. Hab. Port Natal. 118. FORMICA BRULLEI. B.M. Formica carinata, Brulle, Hist. Nat. II. Canar. Zool. ii. 84. 1 $ . Hab. Canary Islands. 119. FORMICA FABRICATOR. B.M. Female. Length 5-J- lines. — Black, smooth and shining : the flagellum, legs, thorax at the sides, and beneath, the apex of the metathorax and the base of the thorax beneath, pale rufo-testa- ceous. Head subquadrate and emarginate behind ; the clypeus subcarinate in the middle, above which in the centre between the antenme is a slightly impressed line of the same length as the carina on each side of it ; eyes ovate, placed rather high on the sides of the head. Thorax elongate-ovate. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of the peduncle subovate and entire. Worker major. Length 3-J lines. — Of a paler colour than the female ; the head and the thorax above rufo-piceous ; the legs, OO HYMENOPTEKA. thorax beneath, and the scale, pale ; head large, much wider than the thorax or abdomen, the thorax much compressed behind ; the scale narrow, elongate, and rounded above. Worker minor. Length 2* lines. — Differs from the large worker in having the head narrower and the thorax more elon- gate -, it is also rather darker- coloured. Hab. St. Helena. 120. FORMICA SERICATA. Formica sericata, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii.203; Atlas., Ins. pi. 8. f. 2, 2 A, 2B, 2C, 2D £. Hab. New Hebrides. 121. FORMICA ZONATA. Formica zonata, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 205 5 • Hab. Port Praslin (New Ireland). Species of Australia and Tasmania. SUBDIVISION 1. Anterior wings with one marginal, two submarginal, and one discoidal cell. The scale of the peduncle vertical and compressed. Workers with distinct ocelli. (Sp. 122, 123.) Note. — We have seen only two females belonging to this sub- division, from Australia. 122. FORMICA DETECTA. B.M. Female. Length 6 lines. — Nigro-fuscous : the antennae and legs ferruginous. Head fusco- ferruginous ; the sides, beneath, the face anteriorly and the mandibles ferruginous ; rather wider than the thorax, and enrnrginate behind, with an impressed line running from the anterior stemma to the base of the clypeus. Thorax ovate, thinly covered on the disk with short reddish- brown pubescence ; wings subhyaline, yellowish along the ante- rior margin of the superior pair and towards their base; the nervures rufo-fuscous. Abdomen ovate, the apical margins of the segments rufo-piceous ; covered with a fine grey silky pile ; the scale of the peduncle subovate, compressed, with the margin entire. Hab. Australia (Hunter River). HYMENOPTERA. 37 123. FORMICA MACROCEPHALA. B.M. Formica macrocephala, Erichs. Wiegm. Archiv (1842), 229, 259 ?. Hab. Tasmania. SUBDIVISION 2. Anterior wings with one marginal and two submarginal cells ; the discoidal cells obsolete. The ocelli usually obsolete in the workers. (Sp. 124-138.) 124. FORMICA? ERYTHROCEPHALA. B.M. Formica erythrocephala, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 351. 6. Atta erythrocephala, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 423. 5. Hab. New Holland. The typical specimen of the species is in the Banksian Collec- tion ; it is a very slender, attenuated form of a worker ant ; the head is a little wider than the prothorax, elongate, and of a blood- red colour ; the antennae red, with the scape obscurely so ; the mandibles porrect and finely denticulate on their inner edge. Thorax elongate, narrowed towards the head ; the legs elongate, slender, and with the knees and tarsi red. The abdomen small, ovate, and subpetiolate ; the scale of the peduncle small, incras- sate, rounded in front, and truncate behind. 125. FORMICA INTREPIDA. B.M. Formica intrepida, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 4/7 £ • This species is probably the large form of the worker, the F. basalis being the smaller form ; this can only be decided by an examination of a community. F. intrepida has the head, the basal joint of the antennas, and the abdomen black ; the thorax, scale, and legs red ; the scale is ovate and entire above ; the ex- treme base of the scape is red ; the inner margin of the mandi- bles is slightly rufo-piceous, and armed with six teeth ; the length of the insect from the tip of the mandibles to the apex of the abdomen is 7 lines. Hab. Australia. 126. FORMICA AGILIS. B.M. Worker. Length 5 lines. — Head and abdomen black; an- tennae, thorax and legs ferruginous. Head oblong, rounded behind; eyes ovate and prominent, placed backwards on the sides of the head ; the clypeus with a central longitudinal carina, 38 HYMENOPTERA. its anterior margin, as well as that of the mandibles, ferruginous ; the mandibles large, stout, triangular, and furnished with seven acute teeth within ; antennae long and slender. Thorax elon- gate, narrow, and forming anteriorly a short neck ; the posterior portion compressed, the metathorax rounded behind ; legs elon- gate and slender. Abdomen ovate; the scale incrassate and nodose; the abdomen thinly sprinkled with long pale pubes- cence ; the head and thorax, legs and antenna; thinly covered with short pale pubescence. Hab. New Holland. 127. FORMICA CONSECTATOR. B.M. Female. Length 5 lines. — Black, smooth and shining. Head oblong, not wider than the thorax ; the anterior margin of the clypeus entire ; the mandibles strongly punctured, and ferrugi- nous at their apex ; the antennae and legs pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax ovate. Abdomen ovate; the node of the peduncle sub- ovate, its superior margin entire. Hab. Australia. 128. FORMICA NIGRICEPS. B.M. Worker. Length 5| lines. — Pale ferruginous, with the head black, the face anteriorly and the mandibles ferruginous. The clypeus slightly produced, and widely emarginate, or rather, notched in front, its extreme anterior margin black; the an- tennae ferruginous. Thorax rounded in front, and gradually narrowed and compressed towards the metathorax ; the scale ovate, its margin rounded ; the legs elongate. Abdomen ovate ; the insect thinly sprinkled with erect ferruginous hairs. Hab. Australia. 129. FORMICA SUFFUSA. B.M. Female. Length 7 lines. — Black : the head obscurely ferru- ginous, the face darkest, the antennae black ; the thorax with the sides with ferruginous stains above, the scutellum and two lon- gitudinal stripes on the mesothorax, ferruginous ; the legs ferru- ginous ; wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures light brown, with a stain running along their course. Abdomen ovate, thinly clothed with pale golden pubescence. Hab. Australia. From the close resemblance between this species and F. pili- ventris, it is probable that this is the female of that insect. HYMENOPTERA. 39 130. FORMICA TESTACEIPES. B.M. Worker. Length 4 lines. — Shining black : the legs flavo-tes- taceous, the flagellum testaceous ; the posterior angles of the head, two indistinct macula? on the prothorax above, and also the disk of the metathorax, ferruginous. The head deeply emarginate behind, very smooth and shining ; the anterior mar- gin of the clypeus widely emarginate. Thorax smooth, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly compressed. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of the peduncle ovate and notched above. Hab. Australia (King George's Sound). 131. FORMICA PILIVENTRIS. B.M. Worker. Length 5£- lines. — Very variable in colour : head obscurely black ; thorax, legs and abdomen black, or with the head and the thorax obscurely red ; sometimes black with only the legs red. Head large, much wider than the thorax, the man- dibles with coarse longitudinal irregular striae ; the clypeus sub- carinate ; the head and thorax very delicately shagreened ; the thorax rounded in front, much compressed behind, with the metathorax obliquely truncated. Abdomen obscurely cupreous and clothed with a short pale golden pubescence ; the scale narrow, incrassate, narrowed to the upper margin, which is very faintly notched. Hab. South Australia. 132. FORMICA AUROCINCTA. B.M. Worker. Length 4.} lines. — Head, antennae, thorax, legs and scale, ferruginous; abdomen black, the apical margins of the segments of a semi-transparent golden colour. Head wider than the thorax, subquadrate, the sides nearly parallel ; mandi- bles black, stout, and furnished with five or six acute teeth ; the clypeus blackish. Thorax rounded in front, narrowed poste- riorly, and with a deep strangulation at the base of the metatho- rax ; legs elongate. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of the peduncle quadrate and incrassate, obtuse above. Hab. Adelaide. 133. FORMICA EPHIPPIUM. Worker. Length 3 lines. — Black : the pro- and mesothorax ferruginous above. Head oblong-quadrate, slightly narrowed towards the mouth; the eyes placed high on the sides of the head; the antennae and mandibles ferruginous ; the scape more or less 40 HYMENOPTERA. fuscous ; the clypeus with a central longitudinal carina ; the man- dibles serrated on their inner edge, with one or two stouter teeth at the apex. Thorax rounded in front and narrowed behind, the metathorax sometimes slightly ferruginous ; legs elongate, the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen small, ovate, covered with short pale yellow silky pubescence, interspersed with longer pale hairs -, the head and thorax have also some scat- tered pale hairs ; the scale of the peduncle subovate. Hab. Adelaide. (Coll. F. Smith.) 134. FORMICA NIGRO-^ENEA. B.M. Worker. Length 3* lines. — Black, with a green tinge. Head large, wider than the thorax, emarginate behind ; the clypeus subcarinate, its anterior margin slightly notched in the middle ; mandibles obscurely ferruginous, punctured and strongly dentate within. Thorax short, rounded in front, much narrowed behind, terminating almost in a point at the verge of the truncation of the metathorax ; the apical joints of the tarsi obscurely rufo-pi- ceous. Abdomen ovate, thinly covered with fine silky pale yellow pubescence ; the margins of the segments thinly fringed with pale glittering yellow hairs, a few hairs of the same colour sprinkled over the head and thorax; scale subovate, small, rounded above. Hab. Melbourne. 135. FORMICA PURPUREA. B.M. Worker. Length 4 lines. — Head, antennae, thorax and legs, bright red with a faint purple or blue tint ; sometimes with the thorax posteriorly and the legs dusky, the purple tint being more vivid ; abdomen bright violet, with sometimes a coppery tinge. In form resembling F. rufa, but with the head more narrowed anteriorly; the eyes smaller and placed more forward on the head ; the antennae rather longer and more slender ; the thorax with a deep strangulation between the meso- and metathorax ; the scale of the peduncle small, narrow, with its upper margin rounded and blunt. Abdomen ovate; the legs thinly covered with short pubescence. Hab. Melbourne. 136. FORMICA NIGRIVENTRIS. Formica nigriventris, Guer. Voy. Coq. Zool. ii. 203. Atlas, pi. 8. f. 4, 4 a, £ . Hab. Australia (Port Jackson). HYMENOPTERA. 41 13/. FORMICA PROCIDUA. Formica procidua, Erichs. Wiegm. Arch. (1842) v. 230, 259. Hab. Tasmania. 138. FORMICA CONSOBRINA. B.M. Formica consobrina, Erichs. Wiegm. Arch. (1842) v. 258, 228 $ . Hab. Tasmania. Erichson described the female only of this species ; the worker differs considerably in form and slightly in colour. The head and the abdomen, except the basal segment, black, otherwise pale ferruginous; the flagellum is also ferruginous; the head large, wider than the thorax, the latter rounded in front and much •compressed posteriorly. Species of South America and the West Indian Islands. SUBDIVISION 2. Wings with one marginal and two submarginal cells, the dis- coidal cells obsolete. The scale of the peduncle usually incras- sate, generally much more so than in the first subdivision, some- times subquadrate, sometimes subnodose ; ocelli usually wanting. (Sp. 139-176.) No species belonging to the first subdivision have been received from South America. 139. FORMICA G-GUTTATA. B.M. Formica sexguttata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 354 2 ; Syst. Piez. 401.21. Hab. Brazil (Santarem) ; Island of St. Cruz. The insect which appears to be the F. ti-guttata, was captured by Mr. H. W. Bates at Santarem in Brazil; we have seen others from different parts of South America ; on comparing specimens of both females and workers, we are unable to point out any spe- cific distinctions between this species and the F. maculata of Fabricius, the latter being from Africa, and of which there is a series of specimens in the Collection of the British Museum. 140. FORMICA NANA. Worker. Length 2i lines. — Black : the mandibles and an- tennae ferruginous, the abdomen covered with golden pubescence. Head : the anterior margin of the clypeus and the sides of the head anteriorly, ferruginous ; the clypeus with a central longi- tudinal carina, the head thinly covered with golden pubescence. 42 HYMENOPTERA. Thorax rounded in front and narrowed posteriorly ; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous, covered thinly with golden pubes- cence. Abdomen subovate, covered with short golden pubes- cence, and thinly sprinkled with long golden- coloured hairs ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, narrow, oblong- quadrate, with the margin above rounded. Hob. Brazil. (Coll. D. Swainson, Esq.) 141. FORMICA OBSCURA. Female. Length 3 lines. — Black : with the legs, thorax, on the sides and beneath, the emargination of the metathorax and the peduncle, ferruginous. Head closely and strongly punc- tured, thinly covered with pale pubescence; the extreme base and apex of the scape and also the base of the flagellum, the clypeus anteriorly and the mandibles, ferruginous ; the antennae and mandibles pubescent. Thorax strongly punctured, oblong- ovate, with the metathorax abruptly truncated ; wings fusco-hya- line, the anterior pair with one marginal, three submarginal and one discoidal cell. Abdomen smooth, shining, and thinly covered with cinereous pubescence. Hob. Brazil. (Coll. D. Swainson, Esq.) It will no doubt be necessary hereafter to create a new genus for the reception of this remarkable species : we know only one other Formica which has the wings similarly veined, and that in- sect is from Australia. 142. FORMICA VINOSA. Worker. Length 4 lines. — Head and thorax red, claret-co- loured, the legs and abdomen of a more obscure tint. Head much wider than the thorax, the prothorax rounded at the sides, the meso- and metathorax much narrower ; legs elongate and slender ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, rounded, thick and blunt above. Hab. Brazil. (Coll. D. Swainson, Esq.) 143. FORMICA LUTOSA. B.M. Worker. Length 2 lines. — Head and thorax of a reddish- yellow ; the legs pale testaceous ; abdomen of a dirty clay colour, with the margins of the segments more or less fuscous or black. Head large, much wider than the thorax, smooth and shining, or very obsoletely and delicately punctured, the anterior margin HYMENOPTERA. 43 of the clypeus entire. Thorax opake, and flattened above, com- pressed posteriorly. Abdomen ovate and shining ; the scale of the peduncle subovate, pointed in the middle above. Hab. Brazil (Villa Nova on the Amazons). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 144. FORMICA DECORA. Female. Length 3^ lines. — Black : the abdomen with a cream- coloured spot on each side of the second and third segments at their base. Head a little wider than the thorax, oblong, sub- quadrate; eyes rather large, ovate; mandibles ferruginous; antennae dark rufo-fuscous. Thorax narrow, elongate-ovate; wings wanting ; the apex of the coxae and trochanters pale tes- taceous yellow ; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous. Abdo- men elongate-ovate; the pale spots at the base of the second and third segments subtriangular, the apical margins of the seg- ments thinly ciliated with glittering white hairs. Hab. Brazil. (Coll. D. Swainson, Esq.) 145. FORMICA BLANDA. B.M. Worker. Length 2-2£ lines. — The head anteriorly, the an- tenna?, thorax, legs, scale of the peduncle and base of the abdo- men ferruginous, and thinly covered with a changeable silvery pile ; the disk of the thorax and the head with a few scattered long pale hairs ; the head wider than the thorax, the latter com- pressed posteriorly. Abdomen black, densely covered with pale golden pubescence, and sprinkled with long pale hairs ; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, forming a small obtuse node. Hab. Brazil (Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 146. FORMICA RUFIPES. B.M. Formica rufipes, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 391. 4 ; Ent. Syst. ii. 350. 4 ; Syst. Piez. 398. 7, and Mus. Dom. Banks. ( $ major). Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 491. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 110. St. Farg. Hym. i. 215. 20. Hab. Brazil. The typical specimen of this species in the Banksian Collec- tion is the " worker major ;" the small worker differs in size as well as form. Worker major. Length 5J lines. — Black : opake and thinly sprinkled with ferruginous hairs ; head cordate, twice the width of the thorax, the mandibles armed with six stout teeth ; the 44 HYMENOPTERA. thorax and head of equal length, the former rounded in front and much compressed behind ; the legs ferruginous, the tips of the joints and the three basal joints of the tarsi dusky; the scale of the peduncle ovate ; the abdomen ovate, with the margins of the segments rufo-testaceous. Worker minor. Length 3 lines. — Resembles the larger worker in colour, but has the head proportionately more elongate and narrow; the scale is narrower ; the colour of the flagellum differs in being more or less ferruginous, sometimes entirely dusky. The female is of the same colour as the workers ; the head is very little wider than the thorax, the latter being elongate-ovate ; the scale is emarginate above ; the legs are shorter and rather stouter. 147. FORMICA ATRICEPS. B.M. Worker major. Length 5 lines. — Ochraceous, with the head black : in some examples the head and disk of the thorax are more or less fusco-ferruginous. Head very large, much wider than the thorax and deeply emarginate behind ; the clypeus with a central longitudinal carina, its anterior margin broadly and deeply notched ; the mandibles armed with five blunt teeth ; the flagellum ferruginous. Thorax rounded in front, compressed and much narrowed behind. Abdomen ovate, narrower than the head; the scale ovate, rounded and somewhat narrowed above ; the insect is sprinkled thinly with long erect ferruginous hairs. Worker minor. Length 4 lines. — Of the same colour as the large worker, but with the head narrower and more elongate ; the clypeus, mandibles and flagellum ferruginous ; otherwise re- sembling the large worker. Hab. Brazil (Para; Santarem ; Rio). A specimen from the collection of Mr. Swainson, probably the female of this species, is of the same colour as the worker : the thorax ovate, with a dark stain on the mesothorax in front and an elongate dark stripe on each side ; the wings hyaline, the nervures yellow; the scale of the peduncle ovate, with a slight notch above ; the knees, tarsi and apical segments of the abdomen fuscous. 148. FORMICA ARBOREA. B.M. Worker. Length 3^ lines. — Opake-black : head large, wider than the thorax, slightly emarginate behind; the scape ferru- ginous at the base ; the clypeus subcarinate, its anterior margin rounded; the mandibles armed with five acute teeth. Thorax HYMENOPTERA. 45 oblong, slightly narrowed behind ; the two apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the head and thorax thinly sprinkled with pale yellow hairs. Abdomen ovate, clothed with short glittering yellow hairs. Hab. Brazil. There are several specimens of this species in the Museum Collection : a label attached to one bears the inscription, " The Leaf Ant. — Island of Morajo, Brazil." 149. FORMICA EGREGIA. Worker. Length 6| lines. — Opake-black. Head widest in front, narrowed to the eyes, from which it is narrowed again abruptly backwards; antenna; elongate, nearly as long as the insect. Thorax elongate, narrow; legs elongate. Abdomen subovate, acuminate at the apex, thinly sprinkled with erect black hairs ; node of the peduncle incrassate, narrow, its margin rounded above. Hab. Brazil. (Coll. D. Swainson, Esq.) 150. FORMICA ABRUPTA. Worker. Length 3 lines. — Light reddish-brown, thinly sprinkled over with erect pale hairs. Head subovate, emargi- nate behind; eyes round, placed midway on the sides of the head ; the mandibles with a number of small black teeth on their inner margin. Thorax elongate, narrowed and compressed be- hind ; the metathorax elevated, then abruptly truncated at the apex, the truncation slightly curved inwardly; the metathorax above with its lateral margins raised, forming a sort of subdentate process at the verge of the truncation ; legs elongate and pubes- cent. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, rounded in front to fit into the curved truncation, and hollowed behind to receive the base of the abdomen. Hab. Brazil (Coll. F. Smith.) 151. FORMICA SOLITARIA. PI. XIII. figs. 4, 5. Worker. Length 4| lines. — Opake-black, with eight or nine of the apical joints of the antennae of a palish yellow; the man- dibles and claws of the tarsi rufo-piceous. Head very large, wider than the thorax or abdomen; eyes occupying the whole of the sides of the head, very convex and prominent ; the clypeus very large, much produced and truncate at the apex, with a central longitudinal carina, and covered with a thin grey pile ; mandibles large, stout, shining, and having their inner margin finely serrated ; the head emarginate behind ; the ocelli promi- 46 HYMENOPTERA. nent on the vertex. Thorax elongate, narrow and compressed behind ; the divisions of the thorax not very strongly marked ; legs elongate and slender ; the tibiae with a few fine scattered spines or hairs. Abdomen ovate, with a few pale hairs at the apex ; the scale of the petiole incrassate, and, viewed sideways, wedge-shaped. Female. Length 5 lines. — Very closely resembles the worker, differing only in the form of the thorax, which is of a more ovate form, as in the majority of species, and in having wings, the neuration of which is the same as in F. ligniperda ; the antennae are elongate and slender, as in the worker. Hab. Brazil (Ega). This is a very remarkable insect; for, independent of the enormously developed eyes and produced clypeus, the palpi are elongated to half the length of the thorax, the maxillary are six-, and the labial four-jointed. Mr. Bates says, " This curious solitary ant is never seen by more than one at a time, prowling about fallen leaves, &c. in the forest ; I have never seen its Formicarium, and, from its solitary habits, have no clue to guide me in looking for it." 152. FORMICA MELANOCEPHALA. Formica melanocephala, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 353. 13. Coq. Illustr. dec. 1. t. 6. f. 8. Latr, Hist. Nat. Fourm. 269. Lasius melanocephalus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 417. 5. Hab. Cayenne. 153. FORMICA PALLIPES. Formica pallipes, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 356. 28. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 284. Hab. Cayenne. 154. FORMICA SERICEIVENTRIS. B.M. Formica sericeiventris, Guer. Voy. de la Coq. Zool. ii. 205 $ • Formica cuneata, Perty, Del. An. Art. p. 134. t. 27. 1 § . Hab. Rio Janeiro (Constancia) ; Columbia; Brazil; Mexico. The descriptions of Guerin and Perty are of the large form of the worker; the female is from 8 to 10 lines long, and differs from the worker major in having the thorax oblong-ovate and broader in proportion to the head ; in having ocelli which are small and placed rather forward, the anterior ocellus being in a HYMENOPTERA. 4/ line with the vertex of the eyes ; the wings are subhyaline, their nervures ferruginous ; the scale of the peduncle is subquadrate, its upper margin notched in the middle ; on each side of the notch it is rounded, and the lateral angles are produced into short spines. We have seen, from the collection of Mr. Swainson, an ant which we suppose to be the small form of the worker ; it differs from the large form in having the head narrower, the antennse and mandibles, as well as the clypeus anteriorly and the apical joints of the tarsi, ferruginous ; in other respects it closely resembles the large worker. 155. FORMICA SENEX. B.M. Female. Length 4.} lines. — Opake-black : abdomen slightly shining, with an obscure aeneous tinge ; the mandibles, antenna? and legs ferruginous ; the anterior margin of the head slightly ferruginous. Ilead, of the same width as the thorax, slightly excavated behind ; the anterior margin of the clypeus entire ; the apex of the flagellum dusky. Thorax ovate, the metathorax truncate ; wings subhyaline, the nervures pale testaceous ; the apical joints of the tarsi dusky ; the head arid thorax are deli- cately shagreened, have a few scattered shallow punctures, and are sprinkled with erect white hairs. Abdomen ovate; the node of the peduncle ovate, margin entire ; the abdomen is thinly covered with short white hairs, the margins of the segments ciliated with longer ones. Worker. Length 3 lines. — In colour agreeing with the female. Head wider than the thorax. The thorax short, slightly narrowed posteriorly ; the metathorax quadrate above and truncate behind ; the scale as in the female, and the insect sprinkled with white hairs as in that sex. Hab. Rio (Constancia). (Coll. Rev.H. Clark.) 156. FORMICA AGRA. B.M. Worker. Length 5* -6 lines. — Elongate, slender; very vari- able in colour, some specimens with the head black, and the thorax and abdomen dark brown, the legs being paler; other examples have the head fuscous, the thorax and abdomen being of a reddish-brown, the latter with the apex darker. Head widest, narrowing behind the eyes into a slender neck ; the antennae long and slender ; the prothorax elongate, much narrowed an- teriorly ; the legs elongate and slender. Abdomen ovate ; the scale of the peduncle incrassate and subconical ; the apical mar- gins of the segments of the abdomen pale testaceous. Hab. Rio (Petropolis) ; Columbia. (Coll. Rev. H. Clark.) 48 HYMENOPTERA. This is one of those extraordinary forms which differ so widely from the generality of worker ants, that it might possibly con- stitute a new genus, or a distinct section ; the male and female being unknown, it is retained in the genus Formica ; in form it is very like F. singularis. 157. FORMICA BIDENS. Formica bidens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 964. 13. De Geer, Mem. Hist. Ins. iii. 600. t. 31. f. 1, 2. Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. 492. 24 ; Ent. Syst. ii. 360. 42. Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 497. 36. Atta bidens, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 422. 3. Hob. Surinam. 158. FORMICA STIGMA. Formica stigma, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 400. 18. Hob. South America. This is probably an Odontomachus ; the black stigma is cha- racteristic of all the species, and the exserted mandibles are equally constant in that genus. 159. FORMICA CONSPICUA. B.M. Female. Length 5-5-|- lines. — Chestnut-red : the head about the same width as the thorax, slightly excavated behind; the clypeus subcarinate in the middle, its anterior margin slightly but widely emarginate ; mandibles strong, punctured, and armed with four or five teeth. Thorax ovate ; wings subhyaline, the nervures pale testaceous. Abdomen ovate ; the apical margins of the segments of a darker hue ; the scale of the peduncle wide, ovate, with the margin entire. Hab. Jamaica. 160. FORMICA SACCHARIVORA. Formica saccharivora, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 963. 10. Fabr. Syst. Ent. 392. 10; Ent. Syst. ii. 356. 24. Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 495. 21. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 280. Lasius saccharivora, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 417. 9. Hab. West India Islands. 161. FORMICA FEMORATA. Formica femorata, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 397- 3 $ . St. Fara. Hym. i. 213. 15. Hab. South America. HYMENOPTERA. 49 162. FORMICA RAPAX. Formica rapax, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 398. 9. Hab. South America. 163. FORMICA FLAVESCENS. Formica flavescens, Fabr.Ent.Syst.ii.353. 12; Syst. Piez.399. 15. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. Hi. pi. in. f. 15 $ . St. Farg. Hym. i. 217- 23. Hab. South America; Cayenne. 164. FORMICA HARPAX. Formica harpax, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 401. 23. Hab. South America. In all probability a male of the genus Ponera. 165. FORMICA PERDITOR. Formica perditor, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 402. 25. Hab. South America. 166. FORMICA DESTRUCTOR. Formica destructor, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 402. 24. Hab. South America. 167. FORMICA RUFICEPS. Formica ruficeps, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 404. 32. Hab. South America. 168. FORMICA APICALIS. ^ Lasius emarginatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 416. 2 ?. Hab. South America. 169. FORMICA EXULANS. Lasius exulans, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 416. 3 ? . Hab. South America. 170. FORMICA PICIPES. B.M. Formica picipes, Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 501. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 107. pi. iii. f. 16 g . Hab. South America. 50 HYMENOPTERA. The insect which we suppose to be the female of this species, is from Santarem ; it very closely resembles the F. ligniperda ; the flagellum, legs, thorax beneath, pale ferruginous ; in some specimens the metathorax is also pale, others have also the pro- thorax pale, and two pale longitudinal stripes on the disk of the thorax ; the base of the abdomen is usually pale, as well as the basal segments beneath ; the wings hyaline, with a yellow tinge at the anterior margin of the superior pair, the nervures pale fer- ruginous. l/l. FORMICA BIMACULATA. Worker. Length 2J lines. — Black and shining, with a trans- verse oblong white macula on each side of the second segment of the abdomen at its base, sometimes the maculae form a slightly interrupted fascia ; some of the large workers have the head red. Head oblong, with the mandibles and antennae rufo-piceous ; eyes rather large, prominent, and nearly circular. Thorax ob- long, narrower than the head, compressed behind; the knees and the tarsi rufo-piceous. Abdomen ovate, with a few scattered glittering pale hairs ; the scale of the peduncle incrassate, narrow, its margin above rounded ; the legs a.nd antennae pubescent. The large worker only differs in being half a line larger, and in having the head red. Hat. St. Vincent's. (Coll. F. Smith.) 1/2. FORMICA ALBIPENNIS, Formica albipennis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 354. 19. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 278. Lasius albipennis, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 41 /• Hab. Island of St. Cruz. 173. FORMICA OVATICEPS. Formica ovaticeps, Spin. Faun. Chili, vi. 238. 3. Hab. Chili. 174. FORMICA MOROSA. B.M. Worker. Length 3 lines. — Opake black : the flagellum ferru- ginous with the apex black. Head elongate, eyes ovate, placed rather high on the sides of the head ; the mandibles ferruginous, the clypeus with a central longitudinal carina, the head rounded behind. Thorax not quite so wide as the head, much com- HYMENOPTERA. 51 pressed posteriorly ; legs elongate, with the apical joints of the tarsi obscurely ferruginous. Abdomen elongate-ovate, the apical margins of the segments with a few glittering white hairs. Hab. Chili. 175. FORMICA DISTINGUENDA. Formica distinguenda, Spin. Faun. Chili, vi. 235. 1 $ . Hab. Chili. 176. FORMICA CHILENSIS. Formica Chilensis, Spin. Faun. Chili, vi. 237. 2 $ . Hab. Chili. 177- FORMICA ATRIVENTRIS. Formica nigriventris, Spin. Faun. Chili, vi. 239. 4 (nee Gue'r.). • Hab. Chili. Species of North America. SUBDIVISION 1. Anterior wings with one marginal, two submarginal and one discoidal cell. The scale of the peduncle vertical and compressed. The ocelli present in the males and females, usually so in the workers.— Sp. 178-185. The American species which belong to this division, as far as we have been able to ascertain, are all, except one species, com- mon to Europe. Between the American and European specimens of the following species we can detect no specific distinctions : Formica rufa (Arctic America) ; F. sanguinea (Arctic America) ; F.fusca (Hudson's Bay); F. umbrata \ F. nigra (Canada); F. late- ralis (Hudson's Bay). Of the second division, the Formica pubescens and F. herculanea of Europe are both widely distributed in America ; the latter has been received from the United States, Nova Scotia, Canada, Hud- son's Bay, and the Great Bear Lake in Arctic America. Formica pubescens has been received from the United States and also from Canada. 178. FORMICA RUFA. Formica rufa, Linn. Faun. Suec. no. 1721. Hab. Europe and North America. D2 52 HYMENOPTERA. 179. FORMICA SANGUINEA. B.M. Formica sanguinea, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 150. Hab. Europe and North America. 180. FORMICA FUSCA. B.M. Formica fusca, Linn. Faun. Suec. no. 1722. Hab. Europe and North America. 181. FORMICA NIGRA. B.M. Formica nigra, Linn. Faun. Suec. no. 1723. Hab. Europe and North America. 182. FORMICA UMBRATA. B.M. Formica umbrata, Nyl. Addit. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1049. Hab. Europe and North America. 183. FORMICA LATERALIS. B.M. Formica lateralis, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 172. Hab. Europe and North America. 184. FORMICA DISLOCATA. Formica dislocata, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 288. 6. Hab. North America (Indiana). 185. FORMICA INCISA. B.M. Female. Length 4 lines. — Shining black : head elongate with the sides parallel, the vertex deeply notched ; the anterior margin of the face ferruginous, the mandibles armed with five or six sharp teeth, the flagellum nigro-piceous. Thorax oblong-ovate ; wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures black, the tarsi and knees fer- ruginous. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the margins of the segments narrowly testaceous ; the scale incrassate, compressed, with the margin entire. Hab. Mexico. SUBDIVISION 2. Anterior wings with one marginal and two submarginal cells, the discoidal cells obsolete.— Sp. 186-197. HYMENOPTERA. ^ 186. FORMICA HERCULANEA. B.M. Formica herculanea, Linn. Faun. Suec. 1720. Formica castanea, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 118. pi. in. f. 12. A. $ , D.?,C.J. St. Farg. Hym. i. 215. 21. Hob. North America. The F. castanea appears to be the highly coloured form of F. herculanea : specimens from the United States are frequently highly coloured, some having the basal segment of the abdomen red; those from Arctic America are usually very dark coloured. 187. FORMICA FERRUGINEA. B.M. Formica ferruginea, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 279. 1 1 ; Syst. Piez. 399. 14. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 94. Hab. North America. Extremely like the F. ligniperda, and apparently synonymous with the F. castanea of Latreille. A long series of the latter spe- cies exhibits a great variation in the colouring of different indivi- duals : in some the first segment is red, in others it is merely red at the base ; a few individuals have the head red ; when this oc- curs, scarcely a trace of red is observable either on the metatho- rax or base of the abdomen. F. ligniperda has a close represen- tative in most parts of the world : the F. consobrina of Erich son scarcely differs from the European species, but is found in Tas- mania. 188. FORMICA PENNSYLVANIA. Formica Pennsylvania, De Geer, Hist. Ins. iii. 603.4. pi. 31. f. 9, 10. Oliv. Encycl. MeU. vi. 501. 52. St. Farg. Hym.i. 213. 14. Formica pubescens (var.), Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 99. Hab. Pennsylvania. 189. FORMICA TRIANGULARIS. Formica triangularis, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 288. 5 $ . POXERA PEDUNCULATA. PL VI. fig. 25. B.M. Worker. Length 6£ lines. —Black : covered with a pale golden- yellow pubescence ; the head rather wider than the thorax ; the mandibles produced forwards, forming an elongated triangle, their inner edge serrated ; the antennae nearly as long as the thorax. Thorax : the disk somewhat flattened anteriorly, with the angles of the anterior margin acute ; the meso- and meta- thorax pinched above, forming a central sharp edge down the middle above ; the apex of the metathorax obliquely truncated ; the calcar at the apex of the tibiae pale testaceous. Abdomen : the node of the peduncle incrassate, its anterior margin vertical, from the apex of which it is gradually rounded behind to its base ; a deep strangulation between the first and second seg- ments, the apex of the abdomen acute. Hab. Brazil. Rio (Constantia). Specimens of this species have the golden pubescence usually more or less obliterated. 47. PONERA LINEARIS. B.M. Worker. Length 2£ lines. — Black : smooth, shining, and thinly covered with a pale downy pile ; the antennae, mandibles and legs ferruginous, their apex acute, their inner margin not toothed or serrated ; the clypeus triangular, the sides oblique, forming an acute edge down the middle.- Thorax elongate, the sides nearly parallel, or very slightly swollen anteriorly ; the apex of the metathorax obliquely truncate. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the apex pale rufo-testaceous, the node of the abdomen incras- sate, rounded in front and truncate behind. Male. Length 2 lines. — Obscure rufo-testaceous, or some- times pale rufo-testaceous ; the antennae and legs pale testaceous; the thorax oblong-ovate ; the wings hyaline, with the nervures pale testaceous-yellow ; the abdomen and also the node of the peduncle of the same form as in the worker. Hab. Brazil; Santarein. The males and workers of this species were taken from the nest by Mr. H. W. Bates. 48. PONERA INVERSA. B.M. Worker. Length 5 lines. — Black : the head longitudinally rugulose ; the mandibles large, their inner edge with a row of sharp teeth. Thorax somewhat flattened anteriorly, closely and rather finely punctured, the lateral margins acute; the meta- thorax narrower and finely rugulose ; the legs obscurely ruf HYMENOPTERA. 9? piceous ; the anterior tarsi densely clothed beneath with fulvous pubescence. Abdomen oblong subcylindrical, the base truncate ; the node incrassate, anteriorly curving forwards over the meta- thorax, the upper surface nearly oval, shining and finely punc- tured. Var. The legs and base of the abdomen castaneous. Hab. South America (Napo). 49. PONERA CRUDELIS. PI. VI. figs. 23, 24. B.M. Worker. Length 3-J- lines. — Black, elongate, smooth and shining : the mandibles, clypeus, antennae and legs rufo-testa- ceous ; apex of the abdomen pale rufo-testaceous. Head oblong- ovate ; the clypeus with a sharp carina down the middle, the scape more or less fuscous above, the base and apex pale ; the posterior margin of the head emarginate. Thorax elongate, narrowed or compressed in the middle, the apex emarginate, the lateral angles of the emargination acute or subspinose; the apical joints of the tarsi pale. Abdomen rounded at the base, strangulated at the apex of the first segment, and tapering to an acute point at the apex ; the sting exserted, half the length of the abdomen ; the node of the peduncle subquadrate, rounded in front and trun- cate behind ; the insect thinly sprinkled with short pale hairs. Hab. Brazil; Rio (Constancia). 50. PONERA CARBONARIA. Worker. Length 4^ lines. — Jet-black, shining and impunc- tate : mandibles obscurely ferruginous, with seven or eight strong teeth on their inner margin ; the head, thorax and abdomen with a thin short yellowish pubescence; the tip of the antennae fer- ruginous. Thorax elongate, narrowed posteriorly, the apex ob- liquely truncated ; the calcaria and claw-joint of the tarsi rufo- testaceous. Abdomen : the node of the peduncle incrassate, ver- tical in front and obliquely curved behind ; the extreme apex of the abdomen rufo-testaceous. Hab. South America (Quito). (Coll. F. Smith.) This species resembles P. inversa, particularly in the form of the node of the peduncle ; but the latter species has the head striated, the thorax punctured, the prothorax flattened above, and the legs and base of the abdomen more or less ferruginous. 51. PONERA APICALIS. B.M. Formica apicalis, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 204. pi. 7. f. 42. A. Hab. South America ; Brazil (Para). 98 HYMENOPTERA. 52. PONERA L^EVIGATA. B.M. Worker. Length 4 lines. — Jet-black, highly polished and im- punctate : the tibiae, tarsi, antennae and mandibles ferruginous, the antennae more or less dusky ; the mandibles with seven or eight fine teeth, and very smooth and shining. Thorax elongate ; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the sides finely striated. Abdomen: a deep strangulation between the first and second segments, the apex rufo-piceous ; the node of the peduncle in- crassate, elevated to the height of the first segment, and rounded above ; the abdomen thinly sprinkled with pale hairs. Hab. Brazil (Ega.) (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 53. PONERA PALLIPES. B.M. Female. Length 6 lines. — Black : covered with a fine silky cinereous pile and scattered pale hairs; the mandibles ferrugi- nous, the anterior margin of the face obscurely so ; the antennae dark rufo-piceous ; the legs pale ferruginous ; the wings flavo- hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous ; the mandibles porrect, slightly curved downwards, with their inner margin serrated ; the anterior margin of the face angular, with short striae, particularly the central portion, the central point blunt. Abdomen elongate ; a slight strangulation between the first and second segments ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, rounded above, truncate before and behind. Hab. Brazil (Para). 54. PONERA MORDAX. B.M. Female. Length 4£ lines. — Black : the antennae and legs fusco-ferruginous, the joints of the legs and the tarsi palest- Head longitudinally and strongly striated; the mandibles curved, of nearly'equal width, their apex rounded, their inner margin denticulate ; the clypeus slightly depressed in the middle, with the anterior margin slightly emarginate. Thorax ovate; the prothorax, mesothorax, and the base of the metathorax, stri- ated longitudinally, the truncation of the latter transversely stri- ated ; the node of the abdomen transversely striated and subglo- bose ; the first and second segments longitudinally and more finely striated than the head and thorax, the following segments smooth, shining and rufo-piceous. Worker. — Rather smaller than the female, similarly sculptured except the second segment of the abdomen, which is only striated at the base, the apical half being smooth and shining. Hab. Rio. (Coll. Rev. Hamlet Clark.) HYMENOPTERA. 99 55. PONERA TORTUOLOSA. Worker. Length 3 lines. — Black : the mandibles, antennae and legs ferruginous. Head subquadrate, striated, the striae running obliquely from the centre on each side , beneath, the striatiori runs in a transverse curve ; eyes rather prominent. Thorax stri- ated, the striae running gradually obliquely inwards in front, and crossing in a transverse curve over the metathorax. The node of the peduncle incrassate, its anterior margin rounded, and the first two segments of the abdomen striated, the striation very regular and beautiful, describing two-thirds of a circle ; the two basal seg- ments longitudinally striated. Hab. Brazil. (Coll. F. Smith.) 56. PONERA SULCATA. B.M Worker. Length 3 lines. — Reddish-yellow, with the head black, the antennae and mandibles pale testaceous-yellow, and semitransparent ; the head and thorax longitudinally furrowed or striated, the node of the peduncle and the second segment of the abdomen are similarly striated ; the first segment with the striae curving inwards and uniting at the apex of the segment. The insect has a general semitransparent appearance, and in certain lights the furrows have a bright golden effulgence. Hab. Brazil (Ega). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 57- PONERA ALIENA. Worker. Length H line. — Scarcely differing from the P oner a contracta of Europe ; the antennae are however rather shorter, and the apical joint longer; the legs are shorter and thicker; but the most distinctive difference is the thickness of the scale, or node of the petiole, which in the present species is much thicker, particularly at its upper margin ; in other respects they scarcely differ : the eyes are wanting, as in P. contracta : the palpi have not been examined. Hab. Brazil. (Coll.W. Swainson.) This species doubtless resembles very closely the Ponera rufi- cornis of Spinola, but he describes his insect as black, with red antennee : our species is entirely of a brownish-yellow, and appears to be distinct. 58. PONERA RUFICORNIS. Ponera ruficornis, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii. 69. 51 (1853). Hab. Brazil (Para). F2 100 HYMENOPTERA. This species is about the same size as the Ponera contracta of Europe, which it also closely resembles. Species of Mexico. 59. PONERA FERRUGINEA. B.M. Female. Length 2J lines. — Ferruginous : the head scarcely wider than the thorax ; the mandibles stout and strongly denti- culate on their inner margin ; the head slightly emarginate be- hind. Thorax oblong-ovate, the metathorax obliquely truncated, the truncation smooth and shining. The abdomen elongate- ovate ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, its superior margin rounded, slightly convex in front and concave behind, the con- cavity smooth and shining. Hab. Mexico. 60. PONERA BICOLOR. Ponera bicolor, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. Ins. iii. 424. Hab. Mexico. Genus 4. PARAPONERA. PI. VII. figs. 7, 8, 9. Head subquadrate, with the angles rounded, slightly narrowed posteriorly ; the eyes circular and very prominent, situated a little before the middle, at the sides of the head ; the antennae inserted forward on the face in deep cavities close to the base of the cly- peus ; mandibles large, triangular, dentate on their inner edge ; the labial palpi 3-jointed, the maxillary palpi 5-jointed ; the node of the abdomen incrassate ; the abdomen with a deep strangula- tion between the first and second segments. This insect, which is now separated from the genus Ponera, will not range in any of the subdivisions here described ; in the prominence of the eyes it agrees with the genus Ectatomma, but the labial and maxillary palpi are composed of a different number of joints. 1. PARAPONERA CLAVATA. PI. VII. fig. 6. B.M. Formica clavata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 394. 18 £ ; Ent. Syst. ii. 360. 44; Syst. Piez.4H\ 61. Formica armata, Oliv. Encycl. Meth. vi. 498. 42. Formica spininoda, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 207 $ ? • Ponera tarsalis, Perty, Del. An. Art. 135. t. xxxvii. f . 2 ? . Ponera clavata. Erichs. Faun, et Flo. Brit. Guiana, iii. 592. Hab. South America (Napo) ; Brazil (Para). HYMENOPTERA. 101 The male of this species resembles the female in the form of the abdomen and node of the peduncle, they are, however, smoother and more highly polished ; all the specimens which I have examined are of a paler colour, being more or less obscurely ferruginous ; the head narrower than the thorax, the eyes large and prominent, and the antennae three-fourths of the length of the body. Genus 5. PLECTROCTENA. Head subquadrate ; antennae shorter than the head and thorax ; the flagellum clavate, inserted very forward on the face near its anterior margin on each side of a central protuberance, which is advanced over and conceals the clypeus ; the anterior margin of the latter widely emarginate ; eyes small and ovate, not promi- nent, situated very forward on the sides of the head near the base of the mandibles; mandibles elongate, very slightly bent and crossing each other, their inner margin with a blunt tooth towards their base; the labial palpi 4-jointed; the maxillary palpi 3- jointed. Thorax oblong ; the calcar at the apex of all the tibiae, pectinate within. Abdomen oblong, with a deep strangulation be- tween the first and second segments ; the node subglobose. This subgenus of Ponera differs in such remarkable peculiari- ties, and will not assimilate with any divisional group yet pro- posed, that it must stand isolated for the present : the form of the mandibles appears to indicate some peculiar economy ; the small advanced eyes are also remarkable : the characters, being drawn from a worker ant, will doubtless require hereafter some additions and modifications. The beautiful pectination of the tibial spurs is common to several of the Ponerida, but is some- times only to be observed on the anterior legs, as in Ectatomma. I. PLECTROCTENA MANDIBULARIS. PL VII. figs. 1-5. B.M. Worker. Length 5-7 lines. — Shining black : delicately and not very closely punctured ; an impressed line runs upwards from the anterior margin of the elevation between the antennae, half- way towards the vertex ; the mandibles grooved longitudinally. Thorax oblong, rounded in front, slightly narrowed and obliquely truncated posteriorly, finely punctured, and the sides delicately striated ; the tarsi with a fulvous pubescence, the anterior pair densely pubescent beneath. Abdomen : the first segment finely punctured, the node of the peduncle incrassate, subglobose and finely punctured. Male. Length 4 lines. —Black : the apex of the abdomen fer- ruginous ; head narrower than the thorax, transverse, with the 102 HYMENOPTERA. vertex slightly narrowed behind the eyes ; shining and delicately punctured ; the antennae inserted in front of two elevated processes, the clypeus widely emarginate ; mandibles short, not toothed and blunt at their apex. Thorax rugose, the disk with a mixture of confluent punctures and striae ; the mesothorax with two deeply impressed oblique channels running inwards and uniting at the base of the scutellum ; the wings subhy aline and iridescent, the iiervures testaceous, the stigma fuscous. Abdomen : the three apical segments ferruginous, of the same form as in the female, the node of the petiole also similar. The worker not known. Hab. Port Natal. The sexes, taken in coitu by Herr Gueinzius, have been re- ceived from Port Natal ; he says, " solitary ; I have not been able to find its nest." Genus 6. ECTATOMMA. Head subquadrate ; antennae inserted forwards on the face at the base of the clypeus, 12 -jointed in the female, 13-jointed in the male ; eyes ovate and very prominent, placed a little behind the middle at the sides of the head ; maxillary palpi 2-jointed, labial palpi 2-jointed ; mandibles triangular, with one or two mi- nute teeth near their apex. Thorax : wings with one marginal and three submarginal cells, the second submarginal cell receiving the recurrent nervure near its base ; legs elongate, the spur which arms the apex of the intermediate and posterior tibiae simple, that at the apex of the anterior pair pectinate within. Abdomen : the node of the peduncle incrassate, a deep strangulation between the first and second segments. 1. ECTATOMMA TUBERCULATA. PL VII. figs. 10-13. B.M. Formica tuberculata, Latr. Fourm. 210. viii. f. 46. A. $ •> 46. C. J . OUv. EncycL Meth. vi. 498. 41. Formica tridentata, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 412. 69. Hab. South America ; Brazil (Para; Santarem). Male. Length 5 lines. — Fuscous or black, somewhat varying in colour : the antennae as long as the insect. Head small, nar- rowed behind and transversely striated behind the ocelli, in front of which the striation is finer and longitudinal; the face has three carinae between the antennae, the clypeus triangular and strongly striated, the antennae fulvous beneath ; the mandibles and legs rufo-testaceous ; the metathorax and node of the pe- duncle obscurely testaceous ; the wings subhyaline, the nervures HYMENOPTERA. 103 rufo-testaceous ; the mesothorax and scutellum longitudinally striated, and having two oblique impressed lines which meet in the middle. Abdomen elongate ; the apical margin of the first segment constricted, the two basal segments finely longitudinally aciculate, the third and folio wing 'segments smooth and shining; the apex of the abdomen pale rufo-testaceous. Hab. Brazil (Para; Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) The sexes of this species were taken from the nest by Mr. Bates ; the females and workers do not vary much in colouring, but the males differ considerably, some examples being entirely pale rufo-testaceous. 2. ECTATOMMA BRUNNEA. B.M. Female. Length 5 lines. — Deep red-brown : finely striated and somewhat shining ; the striation on the head, mandibles and mesothorax, longitudinal, that on the prothorax, metathorax and node of the peduncle, transverse ; the basal segment of the ab- domen has a very fine curved striation as well as the second seg- ment, on the latter it is very delicate ; the apical margins of two or three of the apical segments, as well as the apex itself, bright shining rufo-testaceous; the node of the abdomen incrassate, rounded and blunt at the apex ; the insect with short, scattered, pale glittering hairs ; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous; the metathorax has two short teeth. Worker. — Rather smaller than the female, of the same colour and similarly striated; the thorax anteriorly produced into a short sharp angular tooth on each side ; the metathorax has also two short acute teeth ; the thorax is narrower and more elongate than in the female, and the apical joints of the tarsi are pale tes- taceous. Hab. Brazil (Santarem). This species, independent of its darker colour, is differently and much more finely sculptured and striated than iuberculata ; the specimens of the latter have the head very coarsely grooved or striated, the grooves with many transverse reticulations, the pos- terior angles of the vertex acute ; in E. brunnea they are rounded. 3. ECTATOMMA CONCINNA. B.M. Female. Length 6 lines. — Chestnut-brown : delicately and evenly striated ; the striation on the head, mesothorax, scutellum, node of the peduncle and second segment of the abdomen is lon- gitudinal, that on the prothorax is obliquely curved; on the metathorax and basal segment of the abdomen it is transversely 104 HYMENOPTERA. curved ; the clypeus truncate in front, with the lateral angles emarginate ; the mandibles bent, smooth and shining, their inner edge only touching towards their apex, and being finely denticu- late ; the eyes less prominent than in tuberculata or brunnea ; the wings subhyaline, the nervures rufo-testaceous, and covered with a fine downy pubescence ; the node of the peduncle subglo- bose, and produced behind into an obtuse tooth or tubercle ; be- neath, it is pinched into a sharp longitudinal edge, with a tooth at the base and another about the middle. Hab. Brazil (Santarem). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) This species resembles the two preceding, but is readily dis- tinguished by the fineness of the striation, and by not having any angles or teeth on the head and thorax ; the pubescent wings are a strong distinctive character. 4. ECTATOMMA PUNCTATA. B.M, Worker. Length 4 lines. — Obscure reddish -brown : the head? thorax, and node of the peduncle, with distant large shallow punctures, the interstices between the punctures very closely and very finely punctured ; the legs and mandibles of a brighter red than the rest of the body ; the mandibles finely striated longitu- dinally, their inner edge very finely serrated ; the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded, the posterior margin of the vertex trun- cated. Thorax oblong, slightly narrowed posteriorly ; the meta- thorax with a slight excavation, the shape of the anterior face of the node of the peduncle, which is curved in front and rounded behind, with an impressed central line above. Abdomen closely covered with very delicate shallow punctures ; a deep strangula- tion between the first and second segments, the apical margins of the third and following segments pale rufo-testaceous. Hab. Australia (Port Lincoln). 5. ECTATOMMA ACICULATA. B.M. Worker. Length 5 lines. — Black : the mandibles, legs and abdomen obscurely ferruginous ; the head closely covered with large coarse shallow punctures, which run into diverging striae on the vertex ; the head truncate behind. Thorax elongate, with distant shallow punctures ; the node of the abdomen incrassate and subconical. Abdomen : the first and second segments trans- versely and delicately aciculate. Hab. Australia ; Hunter River. This species very closely resembles E. punctata, of which it HYMENOPTERA. 105 may possibly be an extreme variety ; but, independent of the dif- ference in the sculpture of the abdomen, the head is rather longer behind the eyes, the thorax is much more sparingly punctured, and the node of the peduncle has no deeply impressed line. Genus 7- PACHYCONDYLA. Head oblong, subquadrate, the anterior margin of the clypeus rounded ; mandibles large, stout and produced, their inner mar- gin denticulate ; antennae clavate ; eyes placed forward on the sides of the head, ovate, and of a medium size ; the labial palpi 4-jointed, the maxillary palpi 4-jointed. Thorax oblong, and slightly narrowed posteriorly ; the calcaria pectinate. Abdomen elongate ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, quadrate or sub- quadrate, elevated to the same level as the first segment, and usually of nearly the same width. 1. PACHYCONDYLA CRASSINODA. PL VII. figs. 14-16. B.M. Formica crassinoda, Latr.Hist.Nat.Fourm. 198. pi. 7- f. 41. A. lines. — Closely resembling P. rufipes, the mandibles, legs and antennas being red ; the thorax and head similarly sculptured ; the metathorax truncate, the margin of the truncation with a stout curved spine on each side ; the node of the peduncle has its posterior margin denticulate, with a longer tooth at the lateral angles and a tooth beneath ; the first and second segments of the abdomen longitudinally grooved; the apical segments rufo-testaceous. Hab. Australia? (Coll. F. Smith.) 8. PACHYCONDYLA ASTUTA. B.M. Worker. Length 5 lines. — Black : the mandibles, flagellum. tibiae arid tarsi ferruginous; the head oblong and delicately striated longitudinally. Thorax elongate, rounded anteriorly and obliquely truncate posteriorly ; the prothorax striated, the striae somewhat obliquely curved ; the meso- and metathorax slightly rugose. The node of the abdomen compressed, thick and bent forwards, the upper margin rounded, the anterior and posterior surfaces transversely striated. Abdomen oblong, slightly pilose and shining ; the posterior margins of the segments rufo-piceous, the apex ferruginous. Hab. Australia. 108 HYMENOPTERA, 9. PACHYCONDYLA PUNCTATA. B.M, Worker. Length 3J lines. — Black : the antennae, mandibles, margins of the carinae between the antennae, the legs and apex of the abdomen, ferruginous ; the head, thorax, node of the peduncle, find first segment of the abdomen with deep scattered punctures ; the insect covered with grey pile ; the metathorax truncate, the truncation slightly concave ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, elevated to the same height as the first segment, elongated, and forming as it were a basal segment ; the apical margin of the first segment ferruginous. Male. — About the same size as the worker, which it greatly resembles, differing in the usual sexual distinctions of a smaller head, larger eyes ; the ocelli very bright and glassy ; the wings subhyaline, the nervures testaceous, the stigma fuscous. Hab. St. Domingo. 10. PACHYCONDYLA MONTEZUMIA. B.M. Female. Length 4 lines. — Black : the head a little wider than the thorax, emarginate behind, with the lateral angles rounded and longitudinally rugose, rather finely so ; the mandibles, an- terior margin of the head, the csmnae between the antennae, the base and apex of the scape, and also the tip of the flagellum, ferruginous. Thorax oblong- ovate ; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the truncation transversely striated ; the disk of the thorax longitudinally and finely rugose, the prothorax transversely so ; the wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures testaceous ; the tibia; and tarsi obscurely fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen oblong-ovate, thinly covered with a yellowish downy pile intermixed with a few long hairs, particularly at the apex ; the node of the peduncle incrassate, of equal thickness at the base and apex, the superior margin rounded and elevated to the same height as the first segment. Male. Length 3 lines. — Differs from the female in the usual characteristics of a smaller head and more elongate abdomen, but in other respects has a close resemblance to the other sex ; the node of the peduncle is incrassate, and elevated to the same height as the first segment, but is widest at its base ; the tibiae and tarsi are pale rufo-testaceous as well as the mandibles and palpi. Hab. Mexico. Genus 8. AMBLYOPONE. Amblyopone, Erichs. Wiegm. Archiv (1842), p. 260. Female. Head subquadrate; antennae 12-jointed, the scape HYMENOPTERA. 109 subclavate; mandibles straight, toothed in the middle on their inner edge and at their apex ; eyes lateral, round, and of me- dium size ; minute in the workers ; ocelli three, in a triangle on the vertex, wanting in the workers. Thorax oblong-ovate. Wings : anterior pair with one marginal and two submarginal cells, the second extending to the apex of the wings; the thorax narrowed posteriorly in the workers. Legs short and stout, claws of the tarsi simple. Abdomen : the node of the peduncle sub- quadrate-rotundate, a deep strangulation between the first and second segments. Male. Head transverse. Antennae 13 -jointed; scape short and conical. 1. AMBLYOPONE AUSTRALIS. PI. VII. tigs. 21-24. B.M. Amblyopone australis, Erichs. Wiegm. Archiv (1842), p. 260 £ • Worker. Length 3 lines. — Shining ferruginous, or rufo- piceous; sparingly pubescent. Head large, the vertex and front down to the insertion of the antennae, finely but rather distantly punctured ; a deep central channel extends from the middle of the head to its anterior margin ; on each side the head is obliquely striated ; the mandibles longitudinally striated. Thorax : the prothorax rounded in front, convex, subglobose, punctured on the sides, the disk impunctate ; the metathorax oblong, the sides parallel, truncate posteriorly, rather obliquely so. Abdomen ob- lonjj;, smooth and shining, with the apex pale rufo-testaceous. The female has the head more strongly punctured, the rneso- thorax much larger, and the scutellum developed ; the wings sub- hyaline, with the nervures testaceous ; the prothorax, metathorax, and sides of the node of the peduncle strongly punctured. Male. Length 2§ lines. — Black, shining and pubescent : head and thorax strongly punctured; the head transverse, the eyes large and lateral; antennae elongate, filiform; the antennae, tibia3 and tarsi rufo-testaceous ; wings as in the female. Erichson only describes the worker of this species : the male and female are in the Museum Collection. 2. AMBLYOPONE OBSCURA. B.M. Female. Length 4 lines. — Black and shining : the antennae, mandibles, and face anteriorly ferruginous and punctate-striate, the vertex coarsely punctured ; the face with a central channel which terminates at the anterior ocellus. Thorax oblong, rounded anteriorly and truncate posteriorly, the truncation transversely rugose ; above coarsely punctured, the sides obliquely striated ; 110 HYMENOPTERA. the legs and sides more or less ferruginous ; wings subhyaline, the nervures fuscous. Abdomen oblong, with scattered punc- tures; the apex acute and rufo-testaceous. Worker. Closely resembles the female, but is less coarsely punctured on the vertex, and the truncation of the metathorax is not rugose. Hab. Australia. This species is rather larger than A. australis, of a different colour, and more coarsely sculptured, but may very possibly be only a local variety of the Tasmanian species. 3. AMBLYOPONE FERRUGINEA. B.M. Worker. Length 2 lines. — Ferruginous : the head covered with a rugose punctate striation, the mandibles shorter and more bent than in A. australis ; the prothorax striated, the striae obscurely punctured; the meso- and metathorax smooth and shining ; the node of the peduncle transverse, rounded or sub- globose; the abdomen oblong, widest towards the apex, which is acute. Hab. Melbourne. Genus 9. TYPHLOPONE. Typhlopone, Westw. Introd. Class. Ins. ii. 219 (1840). Labidus (Typhlopone), Shuck. Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 326 (1840). Cosmacetes, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii. 70 (1853). Head oblong, more or less emarginate behind, nearly as long as the thorax ; eyes and ocelli obsolete in the workers. An- tennae subclavate, about the length of the head, 10 -jointed; the scape nearly as long as the flagellum, and subclavate ; mandibles curved, acute at their apex; the labial and maxillary palpi 2-jointed. Thorax oblong, much narrower than the head, a deep transverse suture separating the pro- and mesothorax ; the legs stoutish, all the tibiae with a calcar at their apex ; the claws of the tarsi simple. Abdomen elongate-ovate ; the node of the peduncle quadrate, of the same width as the base of the abdomen, which is truncate. 1. TYPHLOPONE FULVA. B.M. Typhlopone fulva, Westw. Introd. Class. Ins. ii. 219 (1840); Ann. $Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 87 £ (1841). Typhlopone Kirbii, Shuck. Ann. SfMag. Nat. Hist. v. 265 (1840). Hab. West India Islands? (Found in sugar.) HYMENOPTERA. Ill 2. TYPHLOPONE WESTWOODII. Typhlopone Westwoodii, Shuck. Ann. <5* Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 266 5(1840), Hab. South America. 3. TYPHLOPONE THWAITESII. Typhlopone Thvvaitesii, Shuck. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 326 $ (1840). Hab. Sugar-casks from South America. 4. TYPHLOPONE SPINOL.E. Typhlopone Spinohc, Shuck. Ann. fy Mug. Nat. Hist. v. 327 $ (1840). Hab. Sugar-casks from South America. 5. TYPHLOPONE SHUCKARDI. Typhlopone Shuckardi, Westw. Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 88 $ (1841). Hab. West India Islands? (Found in sugar.) 6. TYPHLOPONE DAHLBOMII. Typhlopone Dahlbomii, Westw. Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 88 (1841). Hab. West India Islands? (Found in sugar.) 7. TYPHLOPONE HOMALINA. Cosmacetes homalinus, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii. 71 ?. Hab. Brazil (Para). 8. TYPHLOPONE SERRATULA. Worker. Length 2-2] lines. — Chestnut-red : the head and thorax darker than the abdomen ; the apical joint of the antenna- pale testaceous; head smooth and shining, the sides nearly parallel, slightly narrowed posteriorly ; a slightly impressed line runs upwards from the insertion of the antennae half-way to- wards the vertex, which is slightly emarginate behind, the edge of the emarginatiou crossed by a few short striae. Thorax flat- tened above,, and with a number of elongate punctures or short striae. Abdomen : the node of the peduncle flattened above, quadrate, and with a number of irregular depressions or punc- tures ; the lateral margins slightly raised; the segments impunc- 112 HYMENOPTERA. tate, the apical one obliquely truncated, the lateral margins finely serrated ; the abdomen sprinkled with pale fulvous hairs, most thickly so at the apex. Hob. Brazil (Villa Nova). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 9. TYPHLOPONE ORANIENSIS. B.M. Typhlopone oraniensis, Lucas, Explo. Sc. d'Alger. iii. 302. t. 16. f. 11$. Hah. Algeria. 10. TYPHLOPONE PUNCTATA. B.M. Worker. Length 2-3J- lines. — Chestnut-red, smooth and shining : the head and thorax punctured, the head most finely so, the abdomen delicately punctured. Head oblong, emarginate behind, the sides nearly parallel, slightly narrowed behind ; the mandibles pitchy chestnut. Thorax convex above, the meta- thorax not channeled. Abdomen : the node of the petiole sub- quadrate, the first and second segments slightly constricted ; the apex of the terminal segment abruptly truncated, with a minute spine on each side and one in the centre of the inferior margin. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. 11. TYPHLOPONE CURTISII. B.M. Typhlopone Curtisii, Shuck. Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 265 (1840). Hab. Ceylon. 12. TYPHLOPONE L^EVIGATA. PL VIII. fig. 4. B.M. Worker. Length 4 lines. — Chestnut-red, smooth and shining : head longitudinally channeled, slightly so in some examples ; the inner margin and apex of the mandibles black. Thorax : a slightly impressed channel in front ; the peduncle narrowed and rounded in front ; the abdomen and legs rather paler than the head ; the margins of the segments of the former slightly constricted. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). Genus 10. ANOMMA. Anomma, Shuck. Ann. fy Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 326 (1840). Sphegomyrmex, Imhojf, Bericht uber die Verh. der Naturf. Ge- sellsch. zu Basel, x. (1852) p. 175. Head widest in front , mandibles elongate, curved and forci- HYMENOPTERA. 113 pate, with a large curved tooth at about half their length within ; the labial palpi 2-jointed ; the maxillary palpi 2-jointed ; the antenme slender and 11-jointed. Thorax elongate, constricted in the middle ; the legs slender and elongate. ' The node of the peduncle of the abdomen incrassate, elongate and narrow ; the segments of the abdomen very slightly constricted. The Ants belonging to this genus are those known as the " Driver and Visiting- Ants of Africa." An interesting account of their habits is published in the ' Transactions of the Entomo- logical Society.' They are described as marching in vast armies, driving everything before them capable of muscular motion, so formidable are they from their numbers and bite : in respect to that fact they stand unique in their habits, and in distinction from other species. Their sallies are made in cloudy days and in the night, chiefly the latter : an exposure to the direct rays of the sun is almost immediately fatal. If they should be detained abroad till late in the morning, on a sunny day, by the quan- tity of their prey, they construct arches over their path ; but should their way run under thick grass, &c., affording sufficient shelter, the arch is dispensed with. Whenever a stream of water intercepts their course in their excursions and migrations, if it should not be extensive, they compass it ; but if otherwise, they make a line or chain of one another, gradually extending them- selves by numbers across, till a connexion is formed with the opposite side, and thus a bridge is constructed, over which the main body passes in safety. The Drivers delight in rather low localities, generally the base of hills; consequently they are liable to be driven from their haunts during the rainy season, when the violent and continued rains, and the sudden swelling of rivers, cause the low grounds to be overflowed. In such an emergency, they throw themselves into a rounded mass, deposit their pupae and eggs in the centre, and thus float upon the water till a place of safety is reached, or the flood subsides. Their entrance into a house is soon known by the simultaneous and universal movement of rats, mice, lizards, cockroaches, &c., and of the numerous vermin that infest dwellings, which renders their visits sometimes desirable. The mandibles of the Driver- Ant of the largest size are formidable, strongly hooked, having one tooth ; those of the second size are flatter, sharper, and armed with strong teeth ; the edges are finely serrated, and admirably calculated for lacerating and cutting muscular fibre. The inhabitants of the negro villages are frequently obliged to abandon their dwellings, taking with them their children, and wait until the ants have passed. The males and females of Anomma are not known. 114 HYMENOPTERA. 1. ANOMMA BURMEISTERI. PL VIII. fig. 2. B.M. Anomma Burmeisteri, ShucJc. Ann. &• Mag. Nat. Hist. v. 326 $ (1840). Westw. Ann. 8f Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. 88. pi. 11. f. 4 (1841). Hab. Sierra Leone. 2. ANOMMA ARCENS. PI. VIII. fig. 3. B.M. Anomma arcens, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. v. 17- pi. 1. fig. 3 8 (1847-49). Hab. West Africa (Fish Town, near Cape Palmas) ; Old Calabar. There is a very close resemblance between A. arcens and A. Burmeisteri ; the distinctions are, that in the former the head is highly polished, perfectly smooth, entirely destitute of punctures or sculpture; in the latter the head is subopake and covered with a very delicate reticulation ; the lateral angles of the emar- gination of the head posteriorly are subacute in A. arcens ; in the other species they are distinctly rounded. Subfam. 1. MYRMICID^E. Genus 1. MYRMICA. Myrmica, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 131 . The number of joints varying in the different divisions into which the genus is subdivided, the maxillary palpi from 6 to 1, the labial palpi from 4 to 2. Ocelli obsolete in the workers. Females and workers armed with stings ; the petiole of the ab- domen with two nodes. Pupae usually naked, not enclosed in cocoons, but casting off a thin pellicle on arriving at the perfect condition or imago. SUBDIVISION 1. The maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the labial palpi 4 -jointed. The anterior wings with the marginal and submarginal cells incom- plete, and with one complete discoidal cell. The antennae cla- vate. Sp. 1-8. (PI. VIII. figs. 5-9.) 1. MYRMICA RUBIDA. Formica rubida, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 267. S chill. BemerJc. uber die Schles. 56. Myrmica rubida, Mayr. Form. Austr. 128. 1. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 77. Hab. France; Italy; Switzerland; Germany. HYMENOPTERA. 115 2. MYRMICA RUGINODIS. B.M. Myrmica ruginodis, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Ear. Eur. 929. 2; Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1052. 19; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 79. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 66. 36. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis 11. Smith, Brit. Form. 116. 2. Mayr. Form. Austr. 135. 4. Myrmica vagans, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 213. 3. Hob. Britain ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Finland. This and the two following species were formerly included under the name of M. rubra. Dr. Nylander says the male is identical with the typical specimen of M. vagans in the Museum at Kiel, and that the female is the M. rubra, the male also stand- ing as the male of M. ccespitum : this confusion is entirely avoided by adopting the names proposed by Nylander for the three closely allied, but very distinct species. This species would therefore, according to the laws of priority, be the M. rubra of Fabricius ; but we cannot be certain that it would be so of Lin- naeus, who would undoubtedly have included this and two or three of the following species under that name. 3. MYRMICA SCABRINODIS. PL VIII. figs. 6, 7, 9, 10, 11. B.M. Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 930. 3 ; Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1052. 20; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 81. 6. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 67. 37. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. p. 78. Smith, Brit. Form. 115. 1. Mayr. Form. Austr. 138. 6; Ungar. Ameis. 18. 2. Myrmica caespitum, Zett. Ins. Lapp. 450. 1. Myrmica rubra, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 213. 1. Hab. Britain; France; Germany; Hungary; Russia; Finland. 4. MYRMICA RUGULOSA. B.M. Myrmica rugulosa, Nyl. Addit. alt. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 32 ; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 80. 5. Mayr. Form. Austr. 133. 3. Myrmica clandestina, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 63. 34. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 84. Hab. Britain; France; Germany; Switzerland; Finland. 116 HYMENOPTERA. 5. MYRMICA SULCINODIS. B.M. Myrmica sulcinodis, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 934 ; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 80. 5. Smith, Brit. 'Form. 119. 4. Mayr. Form. Austr. 136. 5. Myrmica perelegans, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 214. 5. Hab. Britain; France; Germany; Switzerland; Finland. Typical specimens from Dr. Nylander and Mr. Curtis have been carefully compared, and, in our opinion, they are identical. 6. MYRMICA L^VINODIS. PL VIII. fig. 8. B.M. Myrmica laevinodis, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1052. 18 ; Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 927. 1 ; Form. Fr. et d'Al- ger. 78. 2. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 64. 35. Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 213. 2. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 75. Smith, Brit. Form. 118. 3. Mayr. Form. Austr. 130. 2; Ungar. Ameis. 18. 1. Hab. Britain; France; Germany; Hungary; Finland; Russia. 7. MYRMICA GRANULINODIS. Myrmica granulinodis, Nyl. Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1060. Hab. Siberia. 8. MYRMICA LOBICORNIS. PL XII. fig. 12. B.M. Myrmica lobicornis, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 932. 4 ; Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1052. 21 ; Addit. alt. 31 ; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 82. 7. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 69. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 82. Mayr. Form. Austr. 140. 7- Myrmica denticornis, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 215. 7. t. 23. f. 18, 19. Smith, Brit. Form. 120. 5. Hab. Britain ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Italy ; Finland. We have compared specimens of this species from Dr. Nylander with others from Mr. Curtis, and they are certainly identical. SUBDIVISION 2. Species minute. The maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; the labial HYMENOPTERA. 117 palpi 3-jointed. Antennae clavate, the club 3-jointed. Sp. 9-13. (Genus TETRAMORIUM, Mayr.) 9. MYRMICA CJESPITUM. PL VIII. figs. 15, 16. B.M. Formica caespitum, Linn. Faun. Suec. no. 1726; Syst. Nat. i. 963. 11$. Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 251. t. 10. f. 63. Formica binodis, Linn. Amcen. Acad. vi. 413. 94; type in Cab. Mus. Linn. Soc. Myrmica fuscula, Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 935. 6 ; 'Addit. Mon. Form. 1053. 23; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 86. 13. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 56. 29. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 86. Myrmica impura, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 48. 22 $ . Myrmica modesta, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 49. 23 § . Myrmica caespitum, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins. xiii. 259. Losana, Form, Piem. 327. Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 215. 8. Smith, Brit. Form. 122. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 86. 13. Tetramorium caespitum, Mayr. Form. Austr. 154. 2; Unaar. Ameis. 19. 1. Hob. Britain; France; Germany; Hungary; Finland. 10. MYRMICA KOLLARI. Myrmica Kollari, Mayr. Beschr. ein neuer Ameis. 7. Tetramorium Kollari, Mayr. Form. Austr. 153. 1. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 87 (note). Hob. Austria. 11. MYRMICA ATRATULA. Myrmica atratula, Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 91. Tetramorium atratulum, Mayr. Form. Austr. 157. 3; Ungar. Ameis. 20. 2. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 87 (note). Hob. Austria; Germany; Hungary. 12. MYRMICA ANGUSTULA. Myrmica angustula, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Algtir. 88. 14. Hab. France. 118 HYMENOPTERA. 13. MYRMICA LIPPULA. B.M. Myrmica lippula, Nyl. Addit. all. Form. Bor. Eur. 41.8. Myrmica Minkii, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 63. 33. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 142. Mayr. Form. Austr. 143. Hob. Britain; France; Germany; Austria; Finland. SUBDIVISION 3. Species minute. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed; labial palpi 3- jointed. Antennae clavate, club 3-jointed.— Sp. 14-30. (PI. VIII. figs. 16 «, I/, 18, 19.) (Genus LEPTOTHORAX, Mayr.} 14. MYRMICA ACERVORUM. B.M. Formica acervorum, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 358. 38; Syst. Piez. 407. 50. Myrmica acervorum, Zett. Ins. Lapp. 451. Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 936. 7 ; Addit. Hon. Form. 1057; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 89. 16. Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 61. 32. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. p. 97- Smith, Brit. Form. 124. 8. Leptothorax acervorum, Mayr. Form. Austr. 164. 1. Myrmica lacteipennis, Zett. Ins. Lapp. 452. 5 $ . Myrmica graminicola, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 255. $ (var.). Hob. Britain; France; Germany; Austria; Finland. 15. MYRMICA CLYPEATA. Leptothorax clypeatus, Mayr. Form. Austr. 164. 1. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 90 (note). Hab. Austria. 16. MYRMICA GREDLERI. Leptothorax Gredleri, Mayr. Form. Austr. 166. 1. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 90 (note). Hab. Austria. 17. MYRMICA MUSCORUM. B.M. Myrmica muscorum, Nyl. Addit. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1054 ; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 90. Leptothorax muscorum, Mayr. Form. Austr. 167.4. Hab. France; Germany; Austria; Finland. 18. M ™ HYMENOPTERA. 119 8. MYRMICA TUBERUM. Formica tuberum, Fabr. Syst. Ent. 393. 15 ; Ent. Syst. ii. 358. 36; Syst. Piez.407.47. Myrmica tuberum, St. Farg. Hym. i. 183. 3 ? Zett. Ins. Lapp. 452. 4. Nyl. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 939 ; Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. 1057; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 91. 17. Hab. France. 19. MYRMICA TUBEROSA. Formica tuberosa, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 259. Myrmica tuberum, St. Farg. Hym. i. 183. 3. Hab. France. 20. MYRMICA NIGRICEPS. Leptothorax nigriceps, Mayr. Form. Austr. 169. 6. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 92 (note). Hab. Austria. 21. MYRMICA CORTICALIS. Leptothorax corticalis, Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. p. 100. Mayr. Form. Austr. 168. 5. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 93 (note). Hab. Austria; Tyrol; Nassau. 22. MYRMICA AFFINIS. Leptotborax affinis, Mayr. Form. Austr. 170. 7. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94 (note). Hab. Austria. 23. MYRMICA DILUTA. Myrmica diluta, Nyl. Addit. alt. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 41.9. Hab. South Russia. 24. MYRMICA SIMILLIMA. Myrmica simillima, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94. Smith, Brit. Hym. 118. Leptothorax affinis, Mayr. Form. Austr. 170. 7 ? (See Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94, note.) Hab. Britain; Austria. 120 HYMENOPTERA. 25. MYRMICA UNIFASCIATA. Formica unifasciata, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 257. Myrmica unifasciata, Losana, Form. Piem. 332. Nyl Addit. alt. 44; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 92. 18. Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 101. Leptothorax unifasciata, Mayr. Form. Austr. 172. 9; Ungar. Ameis. 21. 2. Hab. France; Germany; Austria; Russia. The M. unifasciata of Nylander is certainly not the unifasciata of Smith's Essay, nor have we seen it in any British collection ; all the English examples have the antennae pale red, and the fascia on the abdomen extends to, or frequently beyond, the second segment. Latreille may have confounded the two species, but he has not mentioned the dark club of the antennae, — a conspicuous character ; the width of the band on the abdomen varies in different specimens, so that it would rather appear that Latreille was describing Schenck's insect, M. cingulata ; but we think it best to adopt the nomenclature of Nylander and others. 26. MYRMICA NYLANDERI. B.M. Myrmica Nylanderi, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 53. Myrmica cingulata, Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 104. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 93. 20. Leptothorax Nylanderi, Mayr. Form. Austr. 175. 11. Myrmica parvula, Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 103. 140. Leptothorax parvulus, Mayr. Form. Austr. 176. 12. Stenamma albipennis, Curtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 218. Myrmica unifasciata, Smith, Brit. Form. 128. 11. Ourtis, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. 216. 12. Hab. Britain ; France ; Germany ; Austria. 27. MYRMICA SIMPLICIUSCULA. Myrmica simpliciuscula, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 92. 19. Hab. France. 28. MYRMICA INTERRUPTA. Myrmica interrupta, Schenck, Beschr. Nass. Ameis. 106. 140. Leptothorax interruptus, Mayr. Form. Austr. 174. 10. Hab. Austria. 29. MYRMICA RECEDENS. Myrmica recedens, Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94. 21. Hab. France. HYMENOPTERA. 121 30. MYRMICA L^VIGATA. Myrmica laevigata, Smith, Brit. Form. 130. 13. Nyl. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94. Hab. Britain. France? SUBDIVISION 4. Species minute. Maxillary palpi 4 - jointed, labial palpi 3-jointed ; mandibles dentate ; club of the antennae 3-jointed ; body smooth and shining. — Sp. 31. (Genus FORMICOXENUS, Mayr.) 31. MYRMICA NITIDULA. PL VIII. figs. 13, 14. B.M. Myrmica nitidula, Nyl. Addit. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 1058 ; Addit. Alt. 34 ; Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 94. 22 . Hab. Chili. 74. MYRMICA GAYI. Myrmica Gayi, Spin. Faun. Chili, vi. 242. 2 § . Hab. Chili. 75. MYRMICA RUSSULA. Myrmica russula, Nyland. Form. Fr. et d'Alger, 82. Hab. St. Domingo. (Coll. Dr. Sichel, Paris.) Genus 2. MYRMECINA. Myrmecina, Curtis, Brit. Ent. vi. fol. 226. Myrmica, pt., Nyland. Addit. Alt. Adno. Mon. Form. Bor. Eur. 40. Antennae 12-jointed in the female, the club consisting of 3 joints. Maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; labial palpi 3-jointed. An- HYMENOPTERA. 133 terior wings with one complete marginal cell, and one submar- ginal, the discoidal cells obsolete. The metathorax spined in the female and worker. The clypeus bidentate. 1. MYRMECINA LATREILLII. PI. IX. figs. 8-12. B.M. Myrmecina Latreillii, Curtis, Brit. Ent. vi. 265 . Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 21/. 6. pi. 21. f. 4. Hab. Brazil ; Rio (Tejuca). (Coll. Rev. Hamlet Clark.) 25. CRYPTOCERUS FALLENS. Cryptocerus pallens, Klug, Ent. Mon. 206. 5. Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 426. SmithfMon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 218. 9. Hab. Brazil. 26. CRYPTOCERUS UMBRACULATUS. Cryptocerus umbraculatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 420. 4 £ . Klug, Ent. Mon. 210. 8. Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 426. 8. Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii.219.14. Hab. South America. 27- CRYPTOCERUS UNIMACULATUS. Cryptocerus unimaculatus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 221. 22. pi. 19. f . 9 $ . Hab. Brazil. 28. CRYPTOCERUS H^EMORRHOIDALIS. Formica hsemorrhoidalis, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 276. Cryptocerus hsemorrhoidalis, St. Farg. Hym. i. 172. 3. Hab. St. Domingo. HYMENOPTERA. 193 29. CRYPTOCERUS ARANEOLUS. Cryptocerus araneolus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. ii. 22.3. 27. Hab. St. Vincent's. 30. CRYPTOCERUS PUBESCENS. Cryptocerus? pubescens, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 223. 29. pi. 20. f. 4 ? . Hab. Adelaide. Genus 2. MERANOPLUS. Cryptocerus, pt., Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 425. Meranoplus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 224 (1853). 1. MERANOPLUS PETIOLATUS. Meranoplus petiolatus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. 224. 2. pi. 20. f . 7 £ . Hab. Brazil. 2. MERANOPLUS BICOLOR. Cryptocerus bicolor, Guer. Icon. Reg. Anim. 425. Meranoplus bicolor, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, 2nd ser. ii. 224. I. Hab. India (Pondicherry). 3. MERANOPLUS CORDATUS. Worker. Length 2 lines. — Chestnut-red: the thorax with the anterior lateral angles acute, and armed posteriorly with four spines. The head and thorax paler than the abdomen, the head very delicately reticulated; the eyes small, black, and placed backwards on the sides of the head towards the vertex; the clypeus widely truncate in front. Thorax slightly rounded in the middle in front; the sides narrowed and rounded to the base of the metathorax ; the posterior margin transverse, at each of its lateral angles a curved acute spine, with a shorter spine a little beyond them; the truncation of the metathorax with a short acute spine about the middle on each side. Abdomen : vhe first node, viewed laterally, is wedge-shaped, the second sub- quadrate, its posterior margin produced into an acute spine ; the anterior margin of the first node truncate; the abdomen heart- shaped ; the entire insect sprinkled with erect pale hairs. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. W. W. Saunders, Esq.) This is probably the worker of M. castaneus. 194 HYMENOPTERA. 4. MERANOPLUS MUCRONATUS. B.M. Worker. Length 2-2£ lines. — Head, thorax and legs ferru- ginous, the abdomen black; the thorax quadrate, each angle produced into a long acute spine ; the head, thorax, and nodes of the peduncle coarsely rugose ; the head narrowed before the eyes, and widely emarginate in front ; the eyes prominent, be- hind them the margins of the head are widened, and again nar- rowed to the lateral angles, which are rounded ; the head and thorax with a few scattered long reddish hairs. The hinder mar- gin of the thorax with two short blunt spines in the middle, outside of each is a very minute tooth or spine ; the metathorax smooth, shining, and concavely truncate ; in the middle of the lateral margins of the truncation is a long slender acute spine ; the legs and abdomen sprinkled with very long ferruginous hairs. Hab. Malacca (Mount Ophir). On a ticket attached to specimens of this species, Mr. Wallace writes, "House-Ant," but we have no further information. 5. MERANOPLUS CASTANEUS. Female. Length 3J lines. — Chestnut-red : head and thorax longitudinally subrugose ; the metathorax with two small teeth or spines ; the second node of the peduncle with a minute spine posteriorly ; the flagellum obscurely ferruginous ; the teeth and eyes black ; the metathorax truncate, the centre of the trunca- tion finely striated longitudinally ; the legs with scattered pale hairs ; the base of the femora obscurely ferruginous. Abdomen ovate, finely punctured, and sprinkled with long pale hairs ; the nodes of the peduncle rugose ; the first, viewed laterally, wedge- shaped, and produced into an angular tooth or process at its base ; the second subquadrate ; both are sprinkled with long erect hairs. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. W. W. Saunders, Esq.) 6. MERANOPLUS GRACILIS. B.M. Worker. Length 2J lines. — Black : head convex, subopake, and finely punctured ; eyes large, prominent, placed forwards on the sides of the head, the posterior angles rounded ; the clypeus concave, or depressed in the middle, its anterior margin widely but slightly emarginate. Thorax longitudinally rugose, inter- mixed with deep punctures, elongate and narrowed to the base of the mesothorax ; the anterior margin of the prothorax arched, with the lateral angles subacute ; the posterior lateral angles of HYMENOPTERA. 195 the mesotliorax tuberculate ; the metathorax with the basal late- ral angles rounded, and the apical ones produced into long stout acute spines. Abdomen ovate ; the first node of the peduncle rugose, much narrower than the second, which is truncate at the base, rounded at the sides and behind. Hab. Brazil (Ega). (Coll. H. W. Bates.) 7. MERANOPLUS DIFFORMIS. B.M. Worker. Length 1 line. — Head and abdomen reddish-brown ; antennae, mandibles, thorax and legs pale ferruginous ; the head oblong, with a number of shallow depressions above ; the lateral margins deeply contracted about the middle, opposite the eyes, the sides expanded and rounded before the contraction and nar- rowly margined behind it ; the vertex emarginate behind. Tho- rax with depressions on the disk, rounded in front and obliquely truncate behind ; a deep contraction between the meso- and me- tathorax, three obtuse teeth or spines on the margins on each side ; the metathorax with a longitudinal depression in the centre ; the legs elongate, without spines or hairs. Abdomen subglo- bose, widest towards the apex ; the first node of the peduncle small and transverse, the second large, subglobose, and with a depression above ; there is also a central depression at the base of the abdomen. Hab. Santarem. 8. MERANOPLUS SINGULARIS. PI. XIII. f. 6-10. Worker. Length 2J lines. — Reddish-brown, rugose and his- pid. The female is a little larger, of the same colour, and simi- larly rugose and hispid. Genus 3. CATAULACUS. Formica, pt., Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 275 (1802). Cryptocerus, pt., St. Farg. Hym. i. 171 (1836). Cataulacus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 2nd ser. ii. (1853). 1. CATAULACUS TAPROBAN^E. Cataulacus Taprobanse, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd ser. ii. 225. 1. pi. 20. f. 10$, Hab. Ceylon. K 2 196 HYMENOPTERA. 2. CATAULACUS GUINEENSIS. Cataulacus Guineensis, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. ii. 225. 2. pi. 20. f . 5 ? . Hab. Tropical Western Africa. 3. CATAULACUS PARALLELUS. Cataulacus parallelus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd ser. ii. pi. 19. f. 6. Hab. Cape of Good Hope. 4. CATAULACUS GRANULATUS. Formica granulata, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 2/5. pi. 12. f. 75. Cryptocerus granulatus, St. Farg. Hym. i. 171. 2. Cataulacus granulatus, Smith, Mon. Crypt. Trans. Ent. Soc. new ser. ii. 226. 4. Hab. India. 5. CATAULACUS HORRIDUS. B.M. Worker. Length 3 lines. — Black : the posterior angles of the head spinose, the margins of the head crenulated ; the thorax armed posteriorly with two elongate, stout, acute spines ; the an- tennae short, thick and clavate, their apex rufo-testaceous \ the head reticulated, produced before the eyes and widely truncated anteriorly, the lateral angles of the truncation rounded, the lateral margins of the head with a short spine before the eyes ; the pos- terior margin of the vertex emarginate its entire width, the lateral angles produced into long acute spines. Thorax ruggedly sculptured on the disk, narrowed to the apex of the mesothorax, which is separated from the hinder portion by a deep transverse incision, the posterior angles produced into long acute spines. The nodes of the peduncle rugose ; the abdomen rounded, emar- ginate, and striated at the base ; the entire insect sprinkled with short, erect, white setae. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). 6. CATAULACUS RETICULATUS. Worker. Length 1^-2 lines. — Black : finely reticulated, the abdomen very delicately so ; the margins of the head and thorax crenulated, the latter armed with two long, stout, straight, parallel spines ; the antennae short, thick and clavate ; the clypeus widely emarginate, the lateral margins of the head with a minute angular spine or tooth before the eyes. Thorax : the anterior margin slightly rounded ; the sides rounded, the margins with a short HYMENOPTERA. 197 tooth anteriorly and posteriorly ; the anterior tibiae and tarsi, and the apical joints of the intermediate and posterior tarsi ferrugi- nous. Abdomen ovate, margined at the sides and emarginate at the base. Var. minor. The scape, apical joint of the flagellum, the head, before the eyes, and the legs, ferruginous. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. W. W. Saunders, Esq.) 7. CATAULACUS INSULARIS. Male. Length 3 lines. — Black : the lateral angles of the vertex produced into stout acute spines ; the inetathorax bispi- nose. The head and thorax rugose ; the antennae, eyes, mandibles, tibiae and tarsi, ferruginous ; the eyes large and prominent ; the clypeus produced, truncate anteriorly; the sides of the head behind the eyes serrated ; beneath the lateral spines of the vertex are two smaller spines ; the wings pale flavo-hyaline, the ner- vures scarcely discernible ; the metathorax emarginate its entire width, with an acute spine at the lateral angles. The nodes of the abdomen rugose ; the first node oblong-quadrate, the second nearly quadrate ; the abdomen reddish at the base, and, as well as the nodes, thinly sprinkled with erect whitish hairs. Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). (Coll. W. W. Saunders, Esq.) Genus 4. ECHINOPLA. Echinopla, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 79 (1857). Head transverse ; eyes small, placed laterally, high 011 the head, on the top of short pedestals ; antennae 12-jointed, inserted forwards on the head, wide apart; labial palpi 4-jointed, the three basal ones of about equal length, clavate, the apical joint as long as the two preceding joints united. Maxillary palpi 5- jointed, elongate, the three apical joints long and slender, the two basal ones much shorter and stouter. Mandibles short, stout, and of equal width throughout, armed with four teeth at the apex. Thorax oblong- quadrate; legs of moderate length; tarsi 5-jointed, each tibia armed with a single spine at the apex. Ab- domen globose ; peduncle formed of a single node ; the first segment very large, concealing the other segments beneath it. 1. ECHINOPLA MELANARCTOS. B.M. Echinopla melanarctos, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 79. 1 $ . Worker. Length 2^-3 lines. — Black : body hispid ; the palpi pale testaceous; on each side of the face anteriorly is a thin 198 HYMENOPTERA. raised plate, beneath which the antennae are inserted ; the sides of the head longitudinally and coarsely rugose ; the head above, the thorax and abdomen, covered with short blunt spines, each of the spines having a long stiff hair at its apex ; the node of the abdomen transverse, terminating on each side in a long sharp spine ; the abdomen globose, beneath, smooth and shining. Hob. Singapore. 2. ECHINOPLA PALLIPES. B.M. Echinopla pallipes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 2 £ . Worker. Length 2 Alines. — Black: body hispid; eyes prominent. Abdomen globose, node of the peduncle transverse, produced on each side into an acute spine ; legs pale testaceous. Head and thorax rugose ; the abdomen vermiculate, and covered with slight elevations placed in great regularity over the entire upper surface, each elevation terminating in a hair. The scape and the man- dibles ferruginous, the eyes very prominent, the palpi and legs pale testaceous, with the tarsi rufo-piceous. Abdomen obscurely rufo-piceous. Hob. Borneo (Sarawak). The sculpture of this insect is difficult to describe : the head and thorax are the most coarsely rugose, the rugosity being regularly interspersed with short blunt spines, each having a single hair springing from its summit. 3. ECHINOPLA STRIATA. B.M. Echinopla striata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80. 3 $ . Worker. Length 3 lines. — Black : head, thorax and abdomen longitudinally striated ; thorax oblong-quadrate, the scale of the peduncle transverse. The head with an obscure blue tinge ; the palpi pale testaceous. Thorax: the margins denticulate; the anterior margin rounded, the lateral ones narrowed to the middle, and again widened posteriorly ; above very slightly convex ; the division between the pro- and mesothorax distinctly marked by a suture ; between the meso- and metathorax is a deep stran- gulation; the peduncle of the abdomen transverse, incrassate, and armed on each side with a straight stout spine. Abdomen orbiculate ; the entire insect thinly sprinkled with erect black hairs. Hab. Malacca. HYMENOPTERA. 199 APPENDIX. 15. ODONTOMACHUS BISPINOSUS. B.M. Worker. length 3 lines. — Black: the mandibles, antennae and legs ferruginous. The head deeply emarginate behind, lon- gitudinally and finely striated, with the sides behind the eyes smooth and shining. The thorax rugose, with two minute spines on the metathorax. Abdomen smooth and shining, with the apex pale testaceous; the node of the peduncle armed above with two stout acute spines, directed outwards. Hab. Brazil (Ega). This very distinct species we have just received from Mr. Bates ; at its side on the same piece of card is a specimen of a species of Cylistes, a genus of Histeridce ; this seems to indicate some connexion between them ; probably the Beetle was found in the nest of the Ant, but we have no information on the sub- ject. 3. ANOMMA RUBELLA. Anomma rubella, Savage, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. 196 $ (1850). Hab. Africa (West Coast of the Gaboon River). At page 200 of the Proceedings of the Academy is a paper, which suggests the identity of Anomma with Dorylus; this is founded on the fact of Dr. Savage having found specimens of Dorylus in company with Anomma rubella ; and in a small phial forwarded to the Society, containing the Anomma, were three spe- cimens of Dorylus planiceps, which Dr. Savage considers to be the perfect insect. Notwithstanding this opinion and the details which follow, I must state my doubts of there being any con- nexion between these insects ; they were not found together in a nest, but on the ground ; and I am at present ignorant of any such disparity in size, or even an approach to it, occurring in the whole group of the Formicida, more particularly between males and workers. I must add, that I do not consider the evidence suffi- cient : I should certainly expect to find the male possessing the same number of joints in the palpi as the worker, which in this case is not so : Anomma has 2 joints in both the labial and max- illary palpi ; in Dorylus I can only discover 1 labial and 2 max- illary joints. In India, where Dorylus is common, Anomma has 200 HYMENOPTERA. not been discovered. Should, however, the opinion of Dr. Savage prove to be correct, we may reasonably expect that Labidus may prove to be the male of Eciton. I think it is more probably its parasite. Genus MYRMECOCYSTUS. Myrmecocystus, Wesm. Bull. Acad. Roy. de Brux. v. (1838) p. 766. Lucas, Bull Ent. pi. 54 ; Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. (1855). "'The first abdominal segment of one node; the mandibles triangular and much toothed ; abdomen swollen at times like & balloon, and then perfectly transparent. In Mexico called hor- migas mieleras or mochileras, i. e. honey-ants or pouched ants their abdomen containing a sufficiently agreeable honey." MYRMECOCYSTUS MEXICANUS. Myrmecocystus mexicanus, Wesm. Bull. Acad. Brux. (1838) p. 770. pi. fig. $ . Hab. Mexico. Only workers of this singular species of Ant are described; they are of two very distinct forms ; the plate which illustrates the paper exhibits the small worker of the ordinary form, but the larger worker is represented with its abdomen swollen into an immense globular receptacle ; this is effected by the distension of the membrane which connects the segments. The account for- warded to M. Wesmael by M. de Norrnann, the discoverer of the >pecies, is, that the latter individuals are inactive, do not quit the nest, and that their sole occupation is to elaborate a kind of honey, which they discharge into receptacles. The Cremutoy aster inftatus of this Catalogue, page 136, is a species which probably has workers that perform a similar ope- ration, but in this case it is rendered even more remarkable from the receptacle or laboratory being a swollen bladder-like forma- tion on the metathorax of the insect : this singular apparatus is furnished with a small circular orifice at the posterior lateral angles, from which the saccharine fluid doubtless exudes ; por- tions of crystallized particles are visible within the orifices, and frequently are also scattered over the whole surface of the in- flation ; we may therefore reasonably conclude, that this insect elaborates a suitable and necessary aliment for the nourishment of the young brood. Page 36. — Formica sericata belongs to the genus Polyrhachis; ^per-imens in the British Museum have been received recently from the island of Aroo (Moluccas;. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE I. Fig. L Nest of CrematogoMfar Jfonfozumia, half the natural size. 2. Nest of Polyrhachis textor, natural size. PLATE II. 1. Nest of Formica yibbosa, natural size. 2. Profile of the Ant, magnified. All the figures in Plates III. to XII. are magnified) unless the contrary is stated. PLATE III. 1. Anterior wing of Formica rufa, female. 2. , „ ln'rculanea, female. smaraydina, female. ,, riatica, female. JMyrkaMi m it it a r is, female. Tapinoma erratica, female. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Mandible of Formica rufa, worker. 8. Scale of the petiole of Formica n/fa, worker major. 9. „ „ „ „ worker minor. 10. „ „ „ sanguinea, worker. 11. „ „ ., vmbfatOj worker. 12. „ „ ?, cunicularia, worker. 13. „ „ „ cumcul-aria, male. 14. „ „ ., /w*r«, male. 15. „ „ „ herciikntea, worker. 16. „ „ „ „ female. 17. „ „ „ liyniperda, female. 18. „ „ „ exsecta, worker. 19. Head of Formica exsecta, worker. 20. Maxillary palpi of Formica exsecta, worker. K 5 202 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 21. Labial palpi of Formica exsecta, worker. 22. Antennae of Formica fusca, male. 23. „ „ cunicularia, male. 24. Abdomen of Formica virescens, male, 25. Antennae of Formica virescens, male. 26. Scale of the petiole of Formica virescens, female. 27. Lateral view of the scale of Formica virescens, female. 28. Head of an Ant, showing the position of the frontal area at a. 29. Head of an Ant, with the frontal area obsolete at A. 30. Formica gigas, worker major, natural size. PLATE IV. 1. Anterior wing of Polyergus rufescens, female. 2. Head of Polyergus rufescens, male. 3. Scale of the petiole of Polyergus rufescens, male. 4. Head of Polyergus rufescens, female. 5. Antennae of Polyergus rufescens, female. 6. Labial palpi of Polyergus rufescens, female. 7. Maxillary palpi of Polyergus rufescens, female. 8. Scale of the petiole of Polyergus rufescens, female. 9. Mandible of Polyergus rufescens, worker. 10. Labial palpi of Polyrhachis. 11. Maxillary palpi of Polyrhachis. 12. Thorax of Polyrhachis mutatus, worker. 13. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis mutatus, worker. 14. „ „ „ Gagates, worker. 15. „ „ „ hastatus, worker. 16. Thorax of Polyrhachis hastatus, worker. 17. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis aciculatus, worker. 18. Thorax of Polyrhachis aciculatus, worker. 19. „ „ bihamatus, worker. 20. Thorax and abdomen of Polyrhachis furcatus, worker. 21. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis laboriosus, worker. 22. „ „ „ „ worker : lateral view. 23. „ „ „ constructor, worker. 24. „ „ „ piliventris, worker. 25. „ „ „ inermis, worker. 26. Thorax of Polyrhachis inermis, worker. 27. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis defensus, worker. 28. Lateral view of the scale of Polyrhachis rufipes, worker. 29. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis tyrannicus, worker. 30. Lateral view of the thorax and abdomen of Polyrhachis con- similis, worker. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 203 Pig. 31. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis consimilis, worker. 32. „ „ „ dives, worker. 33. Lateral view of the scale of Polyrhachis dives, worker. 34. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis Philippinensis, worker 35. „ „ yj militaris, female. 36. „ „ „ ^, male. 37. „ „ „ villipes, worker. 38. Thorax of Polyrhachis villipes, worker. 39. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis vigilans, worker. 40. „ „ „ lacteipennis, female. 41. „ „ „ viscosus, worker. 42. „ „ „ J&vMmus, worker. 43. „ „ „ Sumatrensis, worker. 44. Thorax and scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis maligmus, female. 45. Thorax and scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis Pandarus, worker. 46. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis femoratus, worker. 47. „ „ „ 'cyaniventris, worker. 48. Thorax of Polyrhachis carinatus, worker. 49. Scale of the petiole of Polyrhachis carinatus, worker. PLATE V. 1. Dolichoderus attelaboides, $ . 2. Head of the male of Dolichoderus attelaboides. 3. Abdomen of the male of Dolichoderus attelaboides. 4. Head of Odontomachus h&matodes, worker. 5. Mandible of Odontomachus hcematodes, worker. 6. Scale of the petiole of Odontomachus h&matodes, worker. 7. Wing of Odontomachus hcematodes, female. 8. Scale of the peduncle of Odontomachus simillimus, female. 9. Wing of Odontomachus simillimus, female. 10. Profile of Odontomachus scevissimus, worker. 11. Profile of the thorax of Odontomachus scevissimus, female. 12. Head of Odontomachus maxillaris, worker. 13. Scale of the peduncle of Odontomachus maxillaris, worker. 14. Mandible of Odontomachus maxillaris, worker. 15. Profile of Odontomachus quadrispinosus, worker. 16. Abdomen and scale of the peduncle of Odontomachus qua- drispinosus, worker. 17. Thorax of Odontomachus quadrispinosus, worker. 18. Drepanognathus saltator, worker. 19. Mandible of Drepanognathus saltator, worker. The measures of the insects in this Plate are taken from the tip of the mandibles to that of the abdomen. 204 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES, PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Eciton crassicornis, worker major. 2. Antennae of Eciton crassicornis, worker major. 3. Labium and labial palpi of Eciton crassicornis, worker major. 4. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Eciton crassicornis, worker major. 5. Mandible of Eciton hamata. 6. Head of Eciton rapax, worker. 7. Antennae of Eciton rapax, worker. 8. ,, „ curvidentata, worker. 9. Maxillary palpus of Ponera contracta, worker. 10. Labium and labial palpi of Ponera contracta, worker. 11. Wing of the female of Ponera contracta, worker. 12. Antennae of Ponera contracta, worker. ] 3. Head of Ponera denticulata, worker. 14. Mandible of Ponera denticulata, worker. 15. Labium and labial palpi of Ponera tarsata. 16. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Ponera tarsata. 17. „ „ „ „ metallica. 18. Labium and labial palpi of Ponera metallica. 19. Labium and labial palpus of Ponera JEthiomca. 20. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Ponera JEthiopica. 21. Labium and labial palpus of Ponera scalprata. 22. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Ponera scalprata. 23. Ponera crudelis, worker. 24. Abdomen of Ponera crudelis, worker. 25. Ponera pedunculata, worker. PLATE VII. 1. Head of Plectroctena mandibularis, worker. 2. Labium and labial palpi of Plectroctena mandibularis, worker. 3. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Plectroctena mandibularis, worker. 4. Mandible of Plectroctena mandibularis, worker. 5. Abdomen and node of the petiole of Plectroctena mandibu- laris, worker. 6. Labium and labial palpi of Paraponera clavata, worker. 7. Maxillae and maxillary palpi of Paraponera clavata, worker. 8. Maxillary palpus of Paraponera clavata, worker. 9. Wing of Paraponera clavata, female. 10. Ectatomma tuberculata, female. 11. Labium and labial palpi of Ectatomma tuber culata, female. 12. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Ectatomma tuberculata, female. EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 205 Fig. 13. Wing of Ectatomma tuberadata, female. 14. Head, thorax and abdomen of Pachycondyla crassinoda, $> . 15. Antennae of Pachycondyla crassinoda, female. 16. Wing of Pachycondyla crassinoda, female. 17. Abdomen of Pachycondyla simillima, female. 18. Wing of Pachycondyla simillima, female. 19. Labium and labial palpi of Pachycondyla crassinoda, female. 20. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Pachycondyla crassinoda, female. 21. Amblyopone Australis, female. 22. Wing of Amblyopone Australis, female. 23. Male of Amblyopone Australis. 24. Antennae of Amblyopone Australis, male. PLATE VIII. 1. Anomma arcem, worker major. '2. Head of Anomma Burmeisteri, worker. 3. Head of Anomma arcens, worker. 4. Typhlopone Icevigata, worker. 5. Wing of Myrmica scabrinodis, female. 6. Maxillary palpus of Myrmica scabrinodis. 7. Labial palpus of Myrmica scabrinodis. 8. Wing of Myrmica Icennodis. 9. Antennae of Myrmica scabrinodis, male. 10. Antennae of Myrmica scabrinodis, worker. 11. Mandible of Myrmica scabrinodis. 12. Antennae of Myrmica lobicornis, worker. 13. Wing of Myrmica nitidula, female. 14. Antennae of Myrmica nitidula. 15. Wing of Myrmica ccespitum, female. 16. Antennae of Myrmica ccespitum, worker. 16 a. Maxillary palpus of Myrmica acervorum. 17. Labial palpus of Myrmica acervorum. 18. Mandible of Myrmica acervorum. 19. Antennae of Myrmica acervorum. 20. Labium and labial palpi of Myrmica sublcevis. 21. Maxilla and maxillary palpus of Myrmica sublcevis. 22. Mandible of Myrmica sublcevis. 23. Another view of the mandible of Myrmica sublcevis. 24. Antennae of Myrmica sublcevis. 25. Wing oi Myrmica fugax, female. 26. Antennae of the male of Myrmica fugax. 27. Maxillary palpus of Myrmica fugax. 28. Labial palpus of Myrmica fugax. 206 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. PLATE IX. Fig. 1. Crematog aster inflatus, worker. 2. Wing of Crematogaster castaneus, 2 . 3. Wing of Crematogaster scutellaris, $ . 4. Labial palpus of Crematogaster sordidulus, $ . 5. Maxillary palpus of Crematogaster sordidulus, § . 6. Antennae of Crematogaster sordidulus, $ . 7. Thorax and abdomen of Crematogaster scutellaris, 8. Wing of Myrmecina Latreillei, § . 9. Mandible of Myrmecina Latreillei. 10. Antennae of Myrmecina Latreillei. 11. Maxillary palpus of Myrmecina Latreillei. 12. Labial palpus of Myrmecina Latreillei. 13. Pheidole Janus ', $ major. 14. Mandible of Pheidole Janus. 15. Pheidole Janus, $ minor. 16. Mandible of Pheidole Janus, $ minor. 17. Antennae of Atta Janus, $ major. 18. Maxillary palpus of Pheidole pusilla, § . 19. Labial palpus of Pheidole pusilla, $ • 20. Wing of Pheidole pusilla, . 21. Pheidole cephalica, $ major. 22. „ „ 5 minor. 23. Mandible of Pheidole cephalica, $ minor. 24. Wing of Atta barbara, J . 25. Labial palpus of Atta testaceo-pilosa, § . 26. Maxillary palpus of Atta testaceo-pilosa, § . PLATE X. 1. Wing of Myrmecia pyriformis, $ . 2. Antennae of Myrmecia pyriformis, J . 3. Mandible of Myrmecia pyriformis, j . 4. Head of Myrmecia pyriformis, 2 . 5. Abdomen of Myrmecia pyriformis, J . 6. Myrmicaria brunnea, J . 7. Labial palpi of Myrmicaria brunnea, 2 • 8. Maxillary palpi of Myrmicaria brunnea, 2 • 9. Profile of Physatta dromedarius, 2 • 10. Wing of Physatta dromcdarius, 2 • 11. Antennae of Physatta dromedarius, 2 • 12. Carebara lignata, 2 • 13. Labial palpi of Carebara lignata, 2 • 14. Maxillary palpus of Carebara lignata, 2 • 15. Antennae of Carebara lignata, 2 • EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 16. Wing of (Ecodoma cephalotes, J . 17. Profile of (Ecodoma aspersa, J . 18. „ „ hystrix, §. 19. „ „ sexdentata, $ . 20. Abdomen of (Ecodoma Mexicana, J . 21. „ „ cephalotes, J. 22. „ „ abdominalisy £. 23. Head of (Ecodoma cephalotes, worker major. 24. „ „ Icevigata, worker minor. 25. Head and thorax of Pseudomyrma cephalica, 2 . 26. Abdomen of Pseudomyrma cephalica, 2 - PLATE XI. 1. Cryptocerus discocephalus, <$ . 2. „ „ worker major. 3. „ „ worker minor. 4. Mandible of Cryptocerus atratus, J . 5. Labial palpi of Cryptocerus atratus, J . 6. Maxillary palpus of Cryptocerus atratus, J . 7. Cryptocerus serraticeps, J . 8. •„ minutus, worker minor. 9. „ pusillus, 5 • 10. Cataidacus parallelus, $. 11. Head of Cataulacus Taprobance, § . 12. Thorax of Cataulacus Taprobance, $ . PLATE XII. 1. Head of Meranoplus, $ . 2. „ Cataidacus, $ . 3. Cryptocerus minutus, worker major. 4. „ angulatuSj ^ • 5. Meranoplus petiolatus, J . 6. Antennae of Meranoplus petiolatus, 2 . 7. Meranoplus gradUs, $ . 8. „ diffbrmis, § . 9. Antennae of Meranoplus difformis. 10. „ Cataulacus horridus. 11. „ Meranoplus bicolor, 12. Cryptocerus obtusus, 5 • PLATE XIII. 1. Polyrhachis bispinosus, $ . 2. Scale of the petiole, viewed in front. 3. Lateral view of the same. 208 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Fig. 4. Formica solitaria, $ . 5. Head of Formica solitaria. 6. Meranoplus singularis, J . 7. Antennae of Meranoplus singularis, § . 8. Head of Meranoplus singularis, $ . 9. Antennae of Meranoplus singularis, $ . 10. Mandible of Meranoplus singularis, $5 . 11. Pseudomyrma faber, $ . 12. „ cladoica, $ . 13. „ vidua, <$ . 14. Cryptocerus striatus, § • PLATE XIV. Nest of Crematogaster arboreus, with a portion of the outer shell or covering removed at the lower extremity, to show the character of the interior structure : drawn one- third of the natural size. EEEATA. Alter the numbers of the Subfamilies as follows: — Page 1. Family FOEMICID^. „ 76. Subfamily 1. PONEEID^). „ 114. Subfamily 2. MYEMICID^E. INDEX. abdominalis (Formica), 15. abdominalis (Polyrhachis), 63 abdominalis (CEcodoma), 184. abrupta (Formica), 45. Abyssinica (Ponera), 90. acervorum (Myrmica), 118. aciculata (Ectatomma), 104. aciculatus (Polyrhachis), 70. Acrocelia, 135. Adelaidae (Myrmica), 128. eedificans (Atta), 162. aenescens (Formica), 56. JSthiopica (Ponera), 91. ^Ethiops (Formica), 9. affinis (Formica), 8. affinis (Polyrhachis), 63. affinis (Odontomachus), 77. affinis (Ponera), 84. affinis (Myrmica), 119. affinis (Pheidole), 174. agilis (Formica), 37. agilis (Myrmica), 125. Agra (Formica), 47. albipennis (Formica), 50. albipennis (Myrmica), 120. Algirica (Myrmica), 135. aliena (Formica), 7. aliena (Ponera), 99. Amblyopone, 108. Ammon (Polyrhachis), 73. Ancylognathus, 148. angulatus (Cryptocerus), 189. angusticollis (Formica), 14. angustula (Myrmica), 117. Anomma, 112. antarctica (Atta), 167. antennatus (Orectognathus), 161. antipodum (Atta), 166. Aphenogaster, 161. apicalis (Formica), 49. apicalis (Ponera), 88, 97. araneolus (Cryptocerus), 193. arborea (Formica), 44. arboreus (Crematogaster), 138. arcens (Anomma), 1 14. ardens (Formica), 17. argentatus (Polyrhachis), 73. argentatus (Cryptocerus), 189. armata (Ponera), 100. armigerum (Daceton), 160. arrogans (Formica), 23. aspersa (CEcodoma), 185. assimilis (Formica), 15. astute (Pachycondyla), 107. atra (Formica), 10. atrata (Pseudomyrma), 159. atratulum (Myrmica), 117. atratus (Cryptocerus), 188. atriceps (Formica), 44. atricolor (Formica), 12. atriventris (Formica), 51. Atta, 161. attelaboides (Dolichoderus), 75. attenuate (Ponera), 91. Attidse, 161. aurocincta (Formica), 39. aurulenta (Formica), 31. Australis (Ponera), 93. Australis (Amblyopone), 109. Austriaca (Formica), 11. axillaris (Formica), 12. Bacchus (Formica), 21. badia (Formica), 22. barbara (Atta), 162. barbate (Myrmica), 130. basalis (Myrmica), 125. bellicosus (Atta), 164. bicarinata (Myrmica), 130. bicolor (Formica), 9, 12, 31. bicolor (Polyrhachis), 65. bicolor (Ponera), 100. bicolor (Pseudomyrma), 153. bicolor (Meranoplus), 193. bicornis (Formica), 8. bidens (Myrmecina), 133. bidens (Formica), 48. bidentata (Myrmica), 124. bihamatus (Polyrhachis), 58. 210 bimaculata (Formica), 50. binodis (Atta), 162. binodis (Myrmica), 117. bispinosa (Atta), 169. bispinosa (Pachycondyla), 107. bispinosus (Polyrhachis), 74. bispinosus (Odontomachus), 199. blanda (Formica), 43. blanda (Myrmica), 131. brevipennis (Myrmica), 130. Brullei (Formica), 35. brunnea (Formica), 7. brunnea (Ectatomma), 103. brunnea (Myrmicaria), 141. brunneus (Crematogaster), 138. Burmeisteri (Anomma), 114. csespitum (Myrmica), 117. Caffraria (Ponera), 91. callida (Formica), 18. camelina (Formica), 23. Camptognatha, 148. Capensis (Pseudomyrma), 160. capitata (Atta), 162. capsincola (Formica), 6. carbonaria (Formica), 16. carbonaria (Ponera), 97. carbonaria (Myrmica), 127. carbonarius (Polyrhachis), 62. Carebara, 178. carinatus (Polyrhachis), 71. carinatus (Heptacondylus), 142. castanea (Myrmica), 131. castanea (Carebara), 178. castaneiventris (Polyrhachis), 67. castaneus (Crematogaster), 136. castaneus (Meranoplus), 194, Cataglyphis, 1. Cataulacus, 195. causticus (Cryptocerus), 191. cephalica (Pseudomyrma), 155. cephalica (Pheidole), 177. cephalotes (Crematogaster), 137. cephalotes ((Ecodoma), 180. chalybeus (Polyrhachis), 61. chelifera (Odontomachus), 77. Chiliensis (Formica), 51. cinerascens (Formica), 15. cinerea (Formica), 5. cingulata (Myrmica), 120. cingulata (Atta), 165. cladoica (Pseudomyrma), 157. clandestina (Myrmica), 115. clavata (Ponera), 100. clypeata (Myrmica), 118. clypeata (Atta), 169. clypeatus (Cryptocerus), 189. cognata (Formica), 35. collina (Formica), 55. Colombica ((Ecodoma), 184. comata (Pheidole), 176. complanatus (Cryptocerus), 191. compressa (Formica), 13. concinna (Ectatomma), 103. congerens (Formica), 3. conica (Formica), 15. consectator (Formica), 38. consimilis (Polyrhachis), 73. consobrina (Formica), 41. conspicua (Formica), 48. constructor (Polyrhachis), 68. contigua (Myrmica), 125. contracta (Ponera), 83. coptophylla ((Ecodoma), 184. cordatus (Cryptocerus), 190. cordatus (Meranoplus), 193. coronata (QEcodoma), 186. corrugata (Myrmica), 129. corticalis (Myrmica), 119. Cosmacetes, 110. cosmica (Formica), 34. crassicornis (Eciton), 151. crassinoda (Pachycondyla), 105. Crematogaster, 134. crinita (Formica), 13. crinita (Physatta), 171. crudelis (Ponera), 97. crudelis (Myrmecia), 147. crudelis (Atta), 170. cruentata (Formica), 30. cruentatus (Drepanognathus), 82 Cryptoceridge, 187. Cryptocerus, 187. cuneata (Formica), 46. cunicularia (Formica), 5. cursor (Formica), 9. Curtisii (Typhlopone), 112. curvidentata (Eciton), 148. cuspidatus (Polyrhachis), 66. custodiens (Formica), 33. cyaniventris (Polyrhachis), 70. INDEX. 211 cylindrica (Formica), 15. Daceton, 160. Dahlbomii (Typhlopone), 111. dalmatica (Formica), 12. debilis (Myrrnica), 121. decollatus (Dolichoderus), 75. decora (Formica), 43. defensus (Polyrhachis), 62. delecta (Formica), 36. denticornis (Myrnrica), 116. denticulata (Ponera), 90. depressus (Cryptocerus), 192. destructa (Atta), 163. destructor (Formica), 49. difformis (Crematogaster), 137. difformis (Meranoplus), 195. diffusa (Pheidole), 173. diligens (Formica), 'I'l. diligens (Atta), 168. diluta (Myrmica), 119. dimidiata (Myrmica), 129. diminuta (Ponera), 89. Diplorhoptrum, 122. discocephalus (Cryptocerus), 191. dislocata (Formica), 52. distinguenda (Formica), 51. diversa (Pheidole), 174. dives (Polyrhaehis), 60. Dolichoderus, 75. domestica (Myrmica), 122. domicola (Atta), 163. dominula (Formica), 4. D'Orbignyanus(Cryptocer.), 189. dorsata (Formica), 3. Drepanognathus, 81. drepanophorum (Eciton), 149. dromedarius (Physatta), 171. dux (Carebara), 179. Echinopla, 197. Eciton, 148. Ectatomma, 102. egregia (Formica), 45. ejecta (Pseudomyrma), 157. elegans (Pseudomyrma), 155. elegans (Cryptocerus), 192. elongata (Formica), 15. elongatus (Cryptocerus), 190. emarginata (Formica), 7. emarginatus (Myrmus), 134. ephippium (Formica), 39. equinus (Polyrhachis), 66. erratica (Formica), 55. erythrocephala (Formica), 37. esuriens (Formica), 54. exasperata (Formica), 25. exsecta (Formica), 4. exulans (Formica), 49. faber (Pseudomyrma), 157. fabricator (Formica), 35. fabricator (Atta), 167. Fairmairei (Formica), 9. fallax (Formica), 11. femoralis (Cryptocerus), 190. femorata (Formica), 48. femoratus (Polyrhachis), 73. ferruginea (Formica), 53. ferruginea (Ponera), 100. ferruginea (Amblyopone), 110. fervens (Formica), 24, 180. fervens (Pheidole), 176. fervens (Atta), 185. festina (Formica), 23 flava (Formica), 8. flavescens (Formica), 49. flavicornis (Ponera), 95. flavicornis (Polyrhachis), 60. flavidula (Myrmica), 122. flavidula (Pseudomyrma), 157. floricola (Atta), 163. foetens (Formica), 32. foetida (Ponera), 95. forficata (Myrmecia), 143. Formica, 1. Formicoxenus, 121. formosa (Myrmica), 128. foveolata (Formica), 12. fragilis (Myrmica), 124. Frauenfeldi (Hypoclinea), 57. fugax (Myrmica), 122. fuliginosa (Formica), 6. fulva (Typhlopone), 110. fulvo-pilosa (Formica), 32. fumipennis (Atta), 169. furcatus (Polyrhachis), 64. fusca (Formica), 5, 7, 52. fuscipes (Formica), 12. fuscoptera (Formica), 11. fuscula (Myrmica), 117. gagates (Formica), 6. gagates (Polyrhachis), 71. 212 gagates (Ponera), 90. Gayi (Myrmica), 132. geometrica (Ponera), 86. Ghilianii (Odontomachus), 79. gibbosa (Formica), 19. gibbosa (Physatta), 172. gigas (Formica), 14. glabrata (Formica), 56. glabrella (Formica), 55. glebaria (Formica), 6. globularia (Myrmica), 131. glyciphila (Myrmica), 125. gracilescens (Formica), 56. gracilis (Meranoplus), 194. gracilipes (Formica), 22. graminicola (Myrmica), 118. graminicola (Myrmecina), 133. grandis (Ponera), 95. granulatus (Cataulacus), 196. granulinodis (Myrmica), 116. gratiosa (Myrmecina), 133. Gredleri (Myrmica), 118. grossa (Formica), 180. Guineensis (Formica), 32. Guineensis (Cataulacus), 196. gulosa (Myrmecia), 143. haematodes (Odontomachus), 76. h8emorrhoidalis(Cryptocer.), 192. hamata (Eciton), 148. harpax (Formica), 49. Harpegnathos, 81. hastata (Polyrhachis), 59. Hector (Polyrhachis), 61. Heptacondylus, 141. herculanea (Formica), 10, 53. hexacanthus (Polyrhachis), 74. hirsutiusculus (Odont.), 78. hirtula (Myrmica), 121. homalina (Typhlopone), 111. horridus (Cataulacus), 196. hostilis (Atta), 165. humilis (Myrmica), 123. Hypoclinea, 57. hystrix (CEcodoma), 186. imparis (Formica), 54. impetuosa (Formica), 18. impura (Myrmica), 117. incisa (Formica), 8, 52. indefessa (Formica), 14. inermis (Polyrhachis), 68. infandus (Odontomachus), 81. inflatus (Crematogaster), 136. inflecta (Myrmica), 129. instabilis (Atta), 163. insularis (Odontomachus), 79. insularis (CEcodoma), 185. insularis (Cataulacus), 197. integra (Formica), 54. intermedia (Formica), 10. interrupta (Myrmica), 120. intrepida (Formica), 37. intricata (Ponera), 88. inversa (Ponera), 96. iridescens (Ponera), 88. iridipennis (Ponera), 85. irritabilis (Formica), 25. irritans (Formica), 22. irritans (Myrmica), 127. Janus (Pheidole), 175. juvenilis (Atta), 162. laboriosa (Formica), 32. laboriosus (Polyrhachis), 72. lacteipennis (Formica), 34. lacteipennis (Polyrhachis), 60. lacteipennis (Myrmica), 118. Iseviceps (Ponera), 90. laeviceps (Crematogaster), 138. laevigata (Formica), 55. laevigata (Ponera), 98. laevigata (Typhlopone), 112. laevigata (Myrmica), 121. laevigata (CEcodoma), 183. laevigatus (Polyrhachis), 62. laevinodis (Myrmica), 115. Isevissimus (Polyrhachis), 64. Ise^vduscula (Myrmica), 121. Lasius, 1. lateralis (Formica), 12, 52. Latreillii (Polyrhachis), 73. Latreillii (Myrmecina), 133. lauta (Formica), 54. Lebasii (CEcodoma), 184. legionis (Eciton), 151. Leptalea, 153. Leptothorax (Myrmica), 118. lignata (Carebara), 178. ligniperda (Formica), 10, ligniseca (Pseudomyrma), 158. limatus (Crematogaster), 139. linearis (Ponera), 96. INDEX. 213 lineolata (Myrmica), 129. lippula (Myrmica), 118. lobicornis (Myrmica), 116. longiceps (Myrmica), 128. longicornis (Formica), 31. longinoda (Formica), 29. longipes (Myrmica), 12(>. longipes (Heptacondylus), 142. luctuosa (Formica), 27. lugubris (Formica), 3. Lundii (Myrmica), 131. lutea (Formica), 1(.». lutosa (Formica), 42. lyncea (Myrmica), 132. macra (Formica), 29. macrocephala (Formica), 37. nmculata (Formica), 28. maculata (Pseudomyrma). 158. Malabarica (Pheidole), 173. malignus (Polyrhachis), 71 >. rnandibularis (Plectroctena), 101. mandibularis (Myrmecia), 11."). mandibularis (Solenopsis), 17('». marginata (Formica), 11. marginatus (Cryptocerus), 188. maxillaris (Odontomaohus), 77. maxillosa (Formica), 76. maxillosa (Ponera), H.'J. Mayri (Acroccelia), 136. m^alocola (Formica;, 9. nu-ianarctos (Echinopla), 197. melanocephala (Formica), 4(>. melanogastes (Formica), 12. mellea (Formica), 54. meinbranaceus (Cryptocer.), 192. Meranoplus, 193. metallica (Ponera), 94. Mexicana (Qicodoma), 185. Mcxicanus (Myrmecocystus), 200. micans (Formica), 30. migratoria (Formica), 180. militaris (Polyrhachis), 72. minor (Pheidole), 174. minuta (Myrmica), 129. minuta (Pseudomyrma), 159. minuta (Atta), 163. minuta (Myrmica), 123. minutus (Cryptocerus), 190. mistura (Formica), 24. mitis (Formica), 20. mixta (Formica), 8, 9. modesta (Myrmica), 117. modest us (Polyrhachis), 61. molesta (Myrmica), 122, 130. Monocombus, 1. Montezumia (Pachycondyla),108. Montezumia (Crematogast.), 139. mordax (Ponera), 98. morosa (Formica), 50. mucronatus (Meranoplus), 194. muscorum (Myrmica), 118. mutatus (Polyrhachis), 64. rnutica (Atta). I(i2. Myrmecia, H3 Myrmecina, l.'>2. Myrmecocystus, 2l K I. Myrmex, ir>:5. Myrmica, 111. Mynnicaria. 140. Myrmicidac, 114. Myrmus, 134. nana (Formica), 1 f>, A \ . nasuta (Formica), 6. Natalensis (Formica), 33. Nataltmsis (Pseudomyrma), 160. Natalensis (Physatta), 172. nidifu-ans (Polyrhachis), 59. niger (Formica), 7. nigra (Formica), 0, 7, 52. nigra (Pseudomyrma), 159. ni^ratu (Formica), 10. nigriceps (Formica), 38. nigriccps (Myrmica), 119. nigriceps (Pseudomyrma), 155. nigriventris (Formica), 40. nigriventris (Atta), 169. nigro-a3nea (Formica), 40. nigrocincta (Myrmecia), 147. nitens (Formica.), .")<». nitida (Ponera), 92. nitidula (Myrmica), 121. nitidulus (Formicoxenus), 121. nitidus (Polyrhachis), 67. nodifer (Atta), Hit.. Nylanderi (Myrmica), 120. oblonga (Formica), 21. obscura (Formica), 42. obscura (Amblyopone), 109. obsciu'us (Crematogaster), 137. 214 obsoleta (Formica), 3. obtusa (Formica), 30. obtusus (Cryptocerus), 191. ocellifera (Pheidole), 174. ochracea (Ponera), 83. oculata (Ponera), 93. oculata (Pseudomyrma), 155. oculatus (Cryptocerus), 188. Odontomachus, 76. GEcodoma, 179. CEcophthora, 172. opaca (Formica), 11. opposite. (Myrmica), 129. Oraniensis (Typhlopone), 112. Orectogiiathus, 161. ovaticeps (Formica), 50. pachycerus (Eciton), 153. Pachycondyla, 105. pallens (Formica), 12. pallens (Cryptocerus), 192. pallida (Formica), 26. pallida (Ponera), 85. pallida (Pseudomyrma), 159. pallida (Atta), 163. pallida ((Ecodoma), 187. pallide-fulva (Formica), 54. pallidula (Pheidole), 173. pallipes (Formica), 46. pallipes (Ponera), 87, 98. pallipes (Echinopla), 198. Pandarus (Polyrhachis), 65. parallelus (Cataulacus), 196. parvula (Myrmica), 120. Pavonii (Cryptocerus), 191. pedunculata (Ponera), 96. pellucida (Myrmica), 124. penetrans (Atta), 164. Pennsylvania (Formica), 53. Perboscii (Pseudomyrma), 156. perditor (Formica), 49. perelegans (Myrmica), 116. pestilentia (Ponera), 92. petiolatus (Meranoplus), 193. Pheidole, 172. Philippinensis (Polyrhachis), 69. phyllophila (Formica), 16. phyllophila (Pseudomyrma), 156. Physatta, 171. picea (Formica), 6. picipes (Formica), 49. picta (Myrmecia), 146. pilicornis (Myrmecina), 133. piliventris (Formica), 39. piliventris (Polyrhachis), 60. piliventris (Pachycondyla), 107. piliventris (Myrmecia), 146. piliventris (Atta), 169. pilosa (Formica), 24, 30. pilosa (Ponera), 95. pilosa (Eciton), 151. pilosa (Pseudomyrma), 160. pilosula (Ponera), 95. pilosula (Myrmecia), 146. Pinelii (Cryptocerus), 191. piniphila (Formica), 3. placida (Formica), 27. polyctena (Formica), 3. Polyergus, 57. Polyrhachis, 58. pompiloides (Ponera), 90. Ponera, 83. Poneridse, 76. prsedator (Eciton), 152. pressilabris (Formica), 5. processionalis (Ponera), 84. procidua (Formica), 41. providens (Pheidole), 173. Pseudomyrma, 153. pubescens (Formica), 11, 53. pubescens (Cryptocerus), 193. pumila (Ponera), 84. punctate (Ectatomma), 104. punctate (Pachycondyla), 108. punctate (Typhlopone), 112. purpurea (Formica), 40. pusilla (Pheidole), 173. pusillus (Cryptocerus), 190. pygmsea (Formica), 56. pyriformis (Myrmecia), 144. quadriceps (Crematogaster), 140. quadridens (Formica), 188. quadriguttatus ( Cryptocerus), 189. quadrimaculatus (Crypt.), 189. quadrinotata (Ponera), 83. quadripunctata (Hypoclinea), 57. quadrisecta (Formica), 28. quadrispinosa (Pheidole), 174. quadrispinosus (Odontom.), 78. rapax (Formica), 49. rapax (Eciton), 151. INDEX. 215 rastellata (Polyrhachis), 59. recedens (Myrmica), 120. Rediana (Myrmica), 135. relacens (Polyrhachis), 59. reticnlata (Ponera), 85. reticulatus (Cataulacus), 196. riinosus (Cryptocerus), 190. rixosus (Polyrhachis), 68. rixosus (Odontomachus), 79. rubella (Anomma), 199. rubida (Myrmica), 114. rubiginosa (Formica), 8. rubra (Atta), 168. rubra (Ponera), 86. rubra (Myrmica), 116. rubriceps (Acroccelia), 135, rubripes (Formica), 32. rufa (Formica), 2, 51. rufa (Atta), 163. rufescens (Polyergus), 57. ruficeps (Formica), 24, 49. ruficeps (Odontomachus), 81. ruficornis (Formica), 16. ruficornis (Polyrhachis), 68. ruficornis (Ponera), 99. rufinodis (Myrmecia), 145. rufipes (Formica), 43. rufipes (Polyrhachis), 66. rufipes (Pachycondyla), 106. rufipes (Pseudomyrma), 159. rufoglauca (Formica), 16. rufo-nigra (Pseudomyrma), 159. rugifrons (Myrmica), 124. ruginoda (Ponera), 93. ruginodis (Myrmica), 1 15. rugosa (Ponera), 88. rugosa (Pheidole), 175. rugosa (GEcodoma), 186. rugosus (Polyrhachis), 74. rugosus (Odontomachus), 79. rugulosa (Myrmica), 115. russula (Myrmica), 132. saccharivora (Formica), 48. ssevissimus (Odontomachus), 80. saltator (Drepanognathus), 82. sanguinea (Formica), 4, 52. sanguinea (Myrmecia), 148. scabrinodis (Myrmica), 116. scalprata (Ponera), 84. scalpturata (Atta), 165. Schmidti (Acroccelia), 135. sculpta (Ponera), 84. scutellaris (Crematogaster), 135. sedula (Formica), 25. senex (Formica), 47. sericata (Formica), 36. sericata (Pseudomyrma), 155. sericata (Formica), 199. sericea (Formica), 31. sericeiventris (Formica), 46. serraticeps (Cryptocerus), 188. serratulae (Typhlopone), 111. sessilis (Formica), 57. sexdentata (CEcodoma), 183. sexguttata (Formica), 41. sexspinosa (Polyrhachis), 59. Shuckardi (Typhlopone), 111. Silenus (Pheidole), 176. simillima (Myrmica), 119. simillima (Myrmecia), 144. simillimus (Odontomachus), 80. simpliciuscula (Myrmica), 120. singularis (Formica), 27. singularis (Cataulacus), 199. singularis (Meranoplus), 195. Solenopsis, 177. solitaria (Formica), 45. sordidulus (Crematogaster), 135. Sphegomyrmex, 112. spinicollis (Polyrhachis), 74. spininoda (Ponera), 100. spiniventris (Ponera), 92. spinoda (Atta), 166. Spinolae (Typhlopone), 111. stenocheilos (Ponera), 84. stenoptera (Formica), 5. stigma (Formica), 48. striata (Pachycondyla), 106. striata (Echinopla), 198. striatula (Myrmecina), 133. stricta (Formica), 17. Strongylognathus, 134. structor (Atta), 162. subcarinatus (Heptacondyl.), 142. sublaevis (Myrmica), 121. subopaca (Mymica), 127. subsericea (Formica), 53. subterranea (Atta), 162. suffusa (Formica), 38. sulcata (Ponera), 99. 216 sulcinodis (Myrmica), 115. Sumatrensis (Polyrhachis), 65. gylvatica (Formica), 12. sylvicola (Polyrhachis), 59. Tapinoma, 1, 55. Taprobanae (Pheidole), 175. Taprobanae (Cataulacus), 195. Taprobane (Formica), 13. tarsalis (Ponera), 100. tarsata (Ponera), 94. tarsata (Myrmecia), 145. Tasmaniensis (Myrmecia), 147. tenuipes (Formica), 26. termitaria {Pseudomyrma), 155. testacea (Polyergus), 57. testacea (Pseudomyrma), 156. testacea (Atta), 168. testaceipes (Formica), 39. testaceo-pilosa (Atta), 165. testaceus (Strongylognathus), 134. Tetramorium, 117. Tetraponera, 153. textor (Polyrhachis), 62. thoracica (Formica), 31. Thwaitesii (Typhlopone), 111. tibialis (Polyrhachis), 63. Tigreensis (Myrmicaria), 141. tiniida (Formica), 7, 17. tincta (Formica), 21. tortuolosa (Ponera), 99. trachylissa (Myrmica), 126. transversa (Ponera), 86. transversa (Myrmica), 129. triangularis (Formica), 53. tridentata (Pachycondyla), 106. trifasciata (Formica), 27. tristis (Myrmica), 132. trimcata (Formica), 12. truncicola (Formica), 3, 4. truncorum (Formica), 4. tuberculata (Ectatomma), 102. tuberosa (Myrmica), 119. tuberum (Myrmica), 119. Typhlopone, 110. tyrannicus (Polyrhachis), 69. umbraculatus (Cryptocerus), 192. umbrata (Formica), 8, 52. unicolor (Pseudomyrma), 154. unifasciata (Myrmica), 120. unimaculatus (Cryptocerus), 192 unispinosa (Odontomachus), 76. vaga (Formica), 11. vagans (Formica), 17. vagans (Myrmica), 115. vagans (Eciton), 151. vastator (Myrmica), 123. velox (Formica), 17. venator (Drepanognathus), 82. ventralis (Formica), 20. venusta (Myrmica). 126. venusta (Pseudomyrma), 158. versicolor (Ponera), 87. vestita (Formica), 32. viatica (Formica), 9. viaticus (Formica), 9. victima (Crematogaster), 140. vidua (Ponera), 89. vidua (Myrmicaria), 141. vidua (Pseudomyrma), 158. vidua (Carebara), 179. vigilans (Formica), 26. vigilans (Polyrhachis), 69. vigilans (Atta), 166. villipes (Polyrhachis), 67. vindex (Polyrliachis), 66. vindex (Myrmecia), 144. vinosa (Formica), 42. virescens (For mica), 29. viridis (Formica), 17. virulens (Myrmica), 132. viscosus (Polyrhachis), 71. vivida (Formica), 31. vividula (Formica), 56. Westwoodii (Typhlopone), 111. Westwoodii (Stenamma), 121. zonata (Formica), 36. PRINTED BY TAYLOR x^^$t8l5B ^^ a<*t—O;%^ • LION COURT, FLEET STREET. HYMENOPTERA. PI. II. HYMENOPTERA HYMENOPTERA. PL HYMENOPTEEA. HYMENOPTERA. PI .VI. HYMENOPTERA. PI VII. i HYME1TOPTERA. Pl.YTII. HYMElSrOPTERA. Pl.X. HYMENOPTERA. i Fl.XiL HTMElsFOPTERA, PL XIII . HYMENOPTERA. n.xiv: CATALOGUES OF THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. I. VERTEBRATA. List of Mammalia. ByDr, J.E. GRAY, F.R.S., F.L.S. &c. 1843. 2s. 6d. Catalogue of the Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. GRAY, F.R.S. &c. Part 1. Cetacea. 12mo, 1850. 4*., with Plates. Part 2. Seals. 12mo, 1850. Is. 6d., with Woodcuts. Part 3. Hoofed Quadrupeds. Section I. (Ungulata furci- peda). 12mo. 1852, with Plates of Genera, 12s. This work contains the description of the genera and species, and figures of the chief characters of the genera. List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. 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