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CATALOGUE

OF THE

INDIAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEA

IN THE

CRUSTACEA Ly
COLLECTION SArRconta iss,

OF THE

INDIAN MUSEUM.

PART I. BRACHYURA.

FASCICULUS Il. THE INDIAN FRESH-WATER CRABS—POTAMONID.

BY

he AEOOCK, “C:LE,M.B.) LL Do F.Rs;

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE (RETIRED), CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE NETHERLAND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AND OF THE CALIFORNIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ; SOMETIME SUPERINTENDENT
OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

CALCUTTA :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

1910

Price Fourteen Rupees

RECORDS OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

H Journal of Fndian Zoology

Vol. I., 1907

Part I.—Contributions to the Fauna of the Arabian Sea. Records of Hemiptera and Hymenoptera
from the Himalayas. Further notes on Indian Fresh-water Entomostraca. The Fauna of Brackish
Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, I—III. A Sporozoon from the Heart of a Cow.
Miscellanea.

Part I[.—Revision of the Oriental Stratiomyide. Description of an Oligochete Worm allied to
Chetogaster. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, IV. Further Note on
a Polyzoon from the Himalayas. Reports on a collection of Batrachia, Reptiles and Fish from
Nepal and the Western Himalayas. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower
Bengal, V. Notes on Oriental Diptera, I and II. Miscellanea.

Part III.—Report on the Marine Polyzoa in the collection of the Indian Museum. The Fauna of
Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VI. A third note on Earwigs (Dermaptera) in the
Indian Museum, with the description of a new species. Notes on Oriental Diptera, III. Descrip-
tion of a new Snake from Nepal. Notes on a collection of marketable Fish from Akyab, with a
description of a new species of Lactarius. Description of two fresh-water Oligochete Worms from
the Punjab. Notes on Phosphorescence in Marine Animals. Notes on the Rats of Dacca, Eastern
Bengal. Notes on Fresh-water Sponges; I—lV. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—WNudiclava monocanthi, the type of a new genus of Hydroids parasitic on Fish. Preliminary
descriptions of three new Nycteribiide from India. Annotated Catalogue of Oriental Culicide.
Notes on Oriental Diptera. Notes on Fresh-water Sponges, VI, VII. Description of a new
Cyprinid Fish of the genus Dano from Upper Burma. Miscellanea.

Vol. U., 1908-1909

Part I—The retirement of Lieut.-Col. Aleock, with a list of his papers, etc., on Indian Zoology. The
Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VII. Description of a New Dictyonine
Sponge from the Indian Ocean. Notes on Fresh-water Sponges, VIII. Remarkable cases of
variation, I. Description of a new species of Lizard of the genus Salea, from Assam. The Fauna
of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, VIII. Description of a new Cavernicolous
Phasgonurid from Lower Siam. Descriptions of new species of Marine and Fresh-water Shells in
the collection of the Indian Museum. Notes on Oriental Syrphide, I. Description of a new
variety of Spongilla loricata. Notes on Oriental Diptera, V. Miscellanea.’

Part II—Gordiens du Musée Indien. The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal,
IX. Description of a new species of Danio from Lower Burma. Rhynchota Malayana, I. Cimew
rolundatus, Signoret. Notes on Fresh-water Sponges, IX. — Fruit Bats of the genus Pleropus
inhabiting the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelagos. A new species of Sun-Bird obtained near
Darjiling. Three Indian Phylactolemata. On two new species of Eagle-Rays (Myliobatide).
Description of a new species of the genus Sesarma, Say., from the Andaman Islands. Descriptions
of new species of Land, Marine, and Fresh-water Shells from the Andaman Islands.

Part I1].—The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, X, XI. On some Oriental
Solifugze with descriptions of new forms. The difference between the Takin (Budorcas) from the
Mishmni Hills and that from Tibet, with notes on variation displayed by the former. On Caridina
nilotica (Roux) and its varieties. Description of a new species of Charazes from the Bhutan Frontier.
First Report on the Collection of Culicide and Corethride in the Indian Museum, with descriptions
of new genera and species. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—Report on a collection of aquatic animals made in Tibet by Capt. F. H. Stewart in 1907, I.
Notes on Aculeate Hymenoptera in the Indian Museum, I. Indian Psychodide. Description of a
new species of Mouse from the Madura District, Madras. Some Cleride of the Indian Museum.
The Fauna of Brackish Ponds at Port Canning, Lower Bengal, XIJ. Description of a new species
of Saw-Fish captured off the Burma Coast. A new Sting Ray of the genus Trygon from the Bay of
Bengal. New Micro-lepidoptera from India and Burma. Notes on some Chrysomelid Beetles in
the collection of the Indian Museum. Six new Cicindeline from the Oriental Region. Descrip-
tion of a new Slug from Tibet.

Part V.—Revision of the Oriental Leptide. Revised and annotated Catalogue of Oriental Bombylide,
with descriptions of new species :

[Continued on page 3 of Cover.

YY IS

Tgh

at CATALOGUE

NONDIAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEA

IN THE

COLLECTION

OF THE

INDIAN MUSEUM.

PART I. BRACHYURA.

FASCICULUS II. THE INDIAN FRESH-WATER CRABS—POTAMONIDAL.

BY

Aa RECOCK CIE., M:B., LL.D; ERS.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE (RETIRED), CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE NETHERLAND ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
AND OF THE CALIFORNIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ; SOMETIME SUPERINTENDENT
OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

CALCUTTA:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

LO ©

PRINTED BY OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH

PREEAC EF

Tue first fascicle of the first part of this Catalogue of Indian Decapod
Crustacea was published in 1901, and contained the Introduction and the
Brachyura Primigenia or Dromiacea; this second fascicle of the first part
includes the Cyclometopon Family of Potamonide, or Fresh-water Crabs,
and is intended, like its precursors of the series, to be complete in itself.
This instalment, however, differs from its precursors in containing
neither a Bibliography nor a full Table of Genera and Species, the chief
reason for their omission being that Miss Rathbun’s recent Memoir, “ Les
Crabes d’eau douce,” published in Nouvelles Archives du Muséum a’ Histoire

Naturelle, Series 4, 1904-1906, renders them unnecessary.

Page

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA

34, line 30—dAfter “PoraMoN (POTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM var. RANGOONENSE,” delete
“(Fig 4] ye?
g. 41.).

Page 35, line 11—dfter “ Poramon (PoraMON) ANDERSONIANUM var. ASPERATUM,” add “ (Fig. 67,

Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page

Page

Plate xiv.).”

35, line 15 —After “ Poramon (POTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM Var MANIPURENSE,” add “ (Fig. 68,

Plate xiv.).”

35, line 20—After “PoTAMoN (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM var. 'TRITUM,” add “(Fig. 69,
Plate xiv.).”

35, line 25—After “Poramon (PoraMon) EDWARDsI Wood-Mason,” for “(Fig 42),” read
“(Fig. 43, Plate xiv.).”

36, line 10—After PoraMon (PoraAMON) EDWARDS! var. HIRTUM, for “(Fig. 48),” read
“Wie. 42, Plate x.).’

40, line 15—After “ PoraMon (PoTAMON) PEALIANUM var. ANTENNARIUM),” add “ Fig. 70,
Plate xiv.).”
88, line 9—After “ PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) GUERINI var. PLANATA, add “(Fig. 71,
Plate xiv.).”

88, line 22—After “PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) GUERINI var. POCOCKTANA,” add
“(Fig. 72, Plate xiv.).”

111, line 14—* ParareLpHusA (LIOTELPHUSA) LEVIS var. QUADRATA (Fig. 28.) Note that
Fig. 28 is in Plate xiv., and not in proper sequence in Plate viii.

I. INTRODUCTION

Tur Potamonide, to give them their new patronymic, derived from an old
generic name that was exhumed about twelve years ago—the Thelpheusiens and
Thelphusine of Milne Edwards, the 7 vlphusinea of Dana, the Telphusidw ot
other days—are one of the families of Cyclometopon or Cancroid Crabs.

On pp. 27 and 28 of the first fascicle of the first part of this catalogue
there will be found a scheme of classification of the crabs which shows the
position of the Cyclometopa, as accepted and understood in this work; and I
would further refer to a paper in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
for 1899, vol. lxviii., part ii., pp. 470-473, for the scheme of classification of the
Cyclometopa, to which I propose still to adhere.

Both these schemes have recently been modified to a slight extent, and
incidentally the good old terms Cyclometopa and Catometopa (to which at one
time the Potamonidw were referred) have disappeared ; but modifications of
this kind seem to me to be, like the manner of spelling Sam Weller’s name,
entirely a question of taste and fancy.

Of the five families—Corystide, Cancride, Portunide, Xanthidw, and
Potamonide—that constitute the tribe Cyclometopa, the nearest connexions of
the Potamonide seem, from every point of view, to be the Xanthide.

The Potamonide have been variously arranged in subfamilies by different
authors, but I am not prepared to accept any of the subdivisions hitherto
proposed. This subject will be considered further on: for the present, it is
enough to say that the Potamonidw of the Oriental region can be grouped in
two subfamilies, namely—(1) Potamoninw, and (2) Gecarcinucinw or Para-
telphusinw. The definitions of these subfamilies, and of the genera and
subgenera assembled under each, will be found in the sequel. It is necessary,
first, to say something of the habits of the Potamonide ; of their geographical
distribution, with special reference to the Oriental region; and of certain
things that make both the identification and the grouping of the species of this
family particularly difficult. As it will be necessary, in dealing with these
matters, to refer to certain species by name, the initial proceeding must be to

present a list of the Indian species included in the family. This list can not be
A

regarded as complete, seeing that there are large tracts of the country, such as
Rajputana and the States of Central India, Hyderabad and Berar, the Central
Provinces and the small States between them and Chota Nagpur, and, last of
all, Mysore, where fresh-water crabs have been hardly touched by collectors.
It is of course possible, that in such dry parts of the country as those first
mentioned, fresh-water crabs may be scarce; but in the little-explored jungle
tracts of the borders of Chota Nagpur and the Central Provinces they might
be expected to be abundant.

ANALYTICAL List oF INDIAN PoTAMONID

Genus I.—POTAMON

Subgenus i.—Poramon :—

ile

€

~~

Or HH oo t

cer)

5 bo

bo bo bo bo bo bo
“1D Ot BP OF he

me

bo wy
ea)

| Prediards:, WeM.

P. fluviatile, var. ibericum, M. de B.
var. gedrosianum, A. A.
3 var. monticola, W.-M.
P. koolooense, Rathbun.
P. atkinsonianum, W.-M.
var. ventriosum, A. A.

S

45 var. emphyseteum, A. A.

FY var. ambivium, A. A.
P. lifarium, A. A.

P. andersonianum, W.-M.

ey var. rangoonense, Rathb.
os var. asperatum, A. A.
i var. manipurense, A. A,

var. tritum, A. A.

35 var. hirtum, A. A.

. P. hispidum, W.-M.
3. P. pealianum, W.-M.

on var. antennarium, A. A.
P. tumidum, W.-M.
P. turgidulum, A. A.
P.(?) , tumidulum, A. A.
P. austenianum, W.-M.
P, stmulum, A. A.
P. mani, Rathb.
P. pruinosum, A, A.
P. turgidulimanus, A. A
P. thagatense, Rathb.

. Potamon sp.

Subgenus ii.—Potamiscus :—

30.
31.

32.

P. sikkimense (Rathb.).

ms var. from Nepal.
P. annandalii, A. A.
[P.(2) tumidulum, No. 22.)

Subgenus iii.—GroreLpnusa :—

33.
34.

P. adiatretum, A. A.
P, prox. adiatretum.

Subgenus iv.—AcANTHOTELPHUSA :—

35.
36. P.

37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42,

43.

P. dayanum (W.-M.).
wood-masoni (Rathb.). (= “ Para-
telphusa”’ edwardsi, W.-M.).
P. fungosum, A. A.
P. few (de Man).
P. crenuliferum (W.-M.).
oh var. floccosum, A. A.
P. caluum, A. A.
P. martensi (W.-M.).

Potamon (Geotelphusa) enode, Kingsley,
said to occur in South India, is not repre-
sented in the collection.

Genus I].—PARATELPHUSA

Subgenus i.—ParaTeLPpnusa :—

P. spinigera, W.-M.
P. trilobata, A. A.
P. blanfordi, A. A.
P. sinensis, Edw.
P. grayi, A. A.

Subgenus ii.—BaryTeLpnusa :-—

6. P. jacquemontii (Rathb.).
7. P. lamellifrons, A. A.
8. P. cunicularis (Westw.).
9. P. prox. cunicularis.
10. P. edentula, A. A.
11. P. prox. edentula.
12. P. napea, A. A.
13. P. pulvinata, A. A.
12

. guerini (Edw.).

15. e var. planata (A. M. E.).
16. - var. pocockiana (Hend.).
17. P. pollicaris, A. A.

18. P. lugubris (W.-M.).

19. 3 var. nigerrima, A. A.
20. a5 var. plauta, A. A.

21. P. falcidigitis, A. A.

22. P. harpaa, A. A.

23. P. masoniana (Hend.).

Subgenus iii.—Oz1oTeLpHusa :-— 38. P. austrina, A. A.
24. P. hydrodromus (Herbst). 39. Paratelphusa sp.
25. var. A
a Subgenus vi.—GLosireLPHusa :—

26. P. bouviert (Rathb.).

27. Paratelphusa sp. 40. P. bakeri, A. A.

41. ss var. cylindrus, A. A.

Subgenus iv.—PuricoreLpnusa :-— 42. P. pistorica, A. A.
28. P. callianira (de Man). 43. P. gubernatoris, A. A.
29. P. sp. 1 prox. callanira. 44, P. pilosipes, A. A.
30. P. sp. 2 prox. callianira. 45. P. fronto, A. A.
31. P. elegans (de Man).
32. P. gageii, A. A. Genus III.—GECARCINUCUS

33. P. campestris, A. A.

a Subgenus i.mGecarcinucus :—
34. P. carinifera (de Man). 5

1. G. jacquemontiu, Edw.
Subgenus v.—Liorripnusa :— 2. G. edwardsi, W.-M.
35. P. levis (W.-M.).
36. 35 var.
Bic 8 var. quadrata, A. A. | 3. G. steniops (W.-M.).

Subgenus ii.—CyLInpRoTeLpPHusa :

Hasits.—The Potamonide, though a few species can also exist quite well
on the one hand in brackish water and on the other hand in damp jungle, are
typical inhabitants of fresh water. They are found in ponds, lakes, streams,
rivers, and marshes; and though they flourish most at low or inconsiderable
levels in the tropics, they extend into the warmer temperate regions, and are
also quite common at considerable elevations in the torrid zone.

Among the Indian Potamonide we find examples of all these modes and
stations of life. For instance, in the swamps of Lower Bengal, a very common
species is Paratelphusa spinigera: in the rainy season it can be seen in any
Calcutta tank, often reposing on the bank, half-immersed in the water : in the
cold season it may be found in the jheels in swarms, half-buried in the mud :
in the hot season, when the surface-waters dry up, it digs deep burrows to get
down to the ground-water. The same species, P. spinigera, on the one hand
ascends the Ganges and Jumna as far as Hardwar and Saharanpur, and the
Jhelum valley to an elevation of 2000 feet, and on the other hand does not
object to the brackish water of the Gangetic delta.

In the jungles of the Western Ghauts, up to a height of 4000 feet, more
than one species, and in the neighbourhood of Darjeeling, at elevations of
5000 to 7000 feet, at least two species of these crabs may be met with, far from
any collection of water, during and shortly after the rainy season.

In ponds in the plains of Southern India, where the temperature is never
very low, Paratelphusa hydrodromus (= Telphusa leschenaultti of many authors)
is common: in river-pools in Baluchistan, at an elevation of over 6000 feet,
where the winter cold may be intense, varieties of Potamon fluviatile can find
a living.

The eggs of Potumonide are comparatively large, and are not extremely

4

numerous in a batch. They are carried by the mother in the usual way of
crabs, and, so far as is known, are hatched not as zozas, but in a much more
advanced stage, and the young stay in the mother’s brood-pouch until they
have attained the adult form and a considerable size.

DIFFERENTIATION OF SPECIES AND VARIETIES.—Owing to their frequent
variability, the definition of species in this group is peculiarly difficult, and
here, as everywhere, unanimity upon the species question seems beyond
attainment.

As to the causes of variation, one may, without offence I hope, make the
trite surmise, that in an assemblage of species many of which have a very
considerable range of horizon and are moreover tied to a perpetually changing
medium—for nothing can be much more inconstant than the conditions of a
stream or of a pool of fresh water in the tropics—slight vicissitudes of existence,
capable, however, of leaving their mark, may be unusually frequent.

In discussing the question of variation and the difficulties which it presents
to the systematist, the easiest way will be to enumerate the “ points” by which
species among Indian Potamonidw are judged, and then to consider the
constancy of each point.

The points looked to by the systematist may be enumerated as follows, so
far as Oriental species are concerned :—

1. Carapace : its shape, its breadth, its depth and dorsal convexity, and its
surface sculpture and “‘areolation.”

2. “Cervical groove”: its course or curve; its depth, distinctness, and
completeness.

3. Front: its breadth, its degree of declivity, and its shape.

4. Orbit: its shape, the size and sharpness of the external orbital angle,
and the presence or absence of a gap between that angle and the lower border
of the orbit.

5. Antero-lateral borders of carapace: their length, their curve or convexity,
their sculpture, and the size of the lateral epibranchial tooth.

6. Epigastric crests: their size and distinctness, and their position with
regard to the post-orbital crests and to the front.

7. Post-orbital crests: their sharpness and distinctness, their position with
regard to the epigastric crests, their relation to the cervical groove, and their
relation to the lateral epibranchial spine.

8. Abdomen of adult male: its general shape, and shape and breadth of
the 6th and 7th segments.

9. Antennal flagellum : its degree of development.

10. Mandibular palp: torm of the terminal segment, whether simple or
cleft into two lobes,

11. External maxillipeds: \ength of their exopodite, presence or absence

o

of a flagellum to the exopodite, presence or absence of a longitudinal groove
on the ventral surface of the ischium, and shape and breadth of merus.

12. Chelipeds: presence or absence of a subterminal spine on the upper
border of the merus, and shape and gape of fingers.

13. Legs: length and degree of robustness, and length of dactyli.

My experience of the value of these points in dealing with Indian species
is as follows :—

(1) Carapace : the shape and breadth vary with age and sex in the same
species ; the carapace tends to grow broader with age, especially in the male.

The amount of dorsal convexity is more constant; but Schenkel believes,
and I am inclined to agree with him, that residence in the cold, well-aerated
water of rapid mountain-streams tends to flatten the carapace, whereas
residence in the warmer, and therefore less oxygenated waters of the plains,
throws more work on the breathing-mechanism, and so tends to enlarge the
gill-chambers and thus to blow out the carapace. The inferences, then, are—
(1) that breadth of carapace alone is not a safe criterion of species; (2) nor
is convexity of carapace, in the case of forms living at greatly different
levels in the same basin. The “areolation” of the carapace, however, is
constant.

(2) Cervical groove: as far as the Indian Potamonidw are concerned, the
course, the depth, the breadth, and the completeness or incompleteness of
the cervical groove are all of constant value, not only in discriminating, but
also in grouping the species, as will be noticed in the sequel.

(3) Front: the relative breadth of the front changes throughout the life
of the individual, becoming less and less with age: so that this character is
fallacious ; the degree of declivity also varies in the same species; but the
shape of the front, in so far as it depends upon (1) the amount of convergence
of the sides, and (2) the sharpness of the supra-antennular fold, is not change-
able, as a rule.

(4) Orbit: the presence or absence of a gap between the lower border and
the outer angle of the orbit seems to be a fixed “point”; the shape of the orbit
does not vary, but the prominence of the outer orbital angle does.

(5) Antero-lateral borders of carapace: their relative length (chord) is
pretty constant, but the arc may vary much; their sculpture may get worn
with age, but is otherwise fairly safe; the size of the lateral epibranchial tooth
is variable in many species.

(6) Epigastric crests: the position of these, with regard to the front and
with regard to the post-orbital crests, is fairly constant in any species.

(7) Post-orbital crests: the relation of these to the epigastric crests
(whether continuous with them or not, and whether overlapped by them or
not) and to the cervical groove (whether cleft by it or not) does not often
vary, nor does their relation to the epibranchial spine; but the make of the

6

crests (whether they are unbroken throughout or ragged in places) is not so
uniform.

[With regard to the sculpture and armature of the antero-lateral borders
of the carapace, and with regard to the epigastric and post-orbital crests, I
should like to say that, however important they may be for discriminating
species, they do not of themselves alone give any clue to the affinities of species. ]

(8) The shape of the abdomen of the adult male is a safe guide to
affinities, and the shape of the two terminal segments, and sometimes of the
fifth segment also, is often of diagnostic value for species; but this holds good
only for the full-grown adult.

(9) Antennal flagellum: this has not been used much for differentiating
species, but its taxonomic value is often very striking.

(10) Mandibular palp. Acting upon a suggestion made by Dr W. T.
Calman, I have examined the mandibular palp in almost every individual of
the collection described in the sequel. It never varies. Though of no value
for differentiating species, it seems to me to be the long-desired index of
natural affinities of species.

(11) Exiernal maxillipeds. The exopodite usually has a strong plumose
flagellum, but there is quite a number of species in which the exopodite is
non-flagellate. In some individuals of these non-flagellate species there may
be a vestige of a flagellum—a mere papilla; and in one of these species some
individuals may have, and sometimes on one side only, a well-developed
flagellum. Some stress has been laid upon a longitudinal groove on the ventral
surface of the ischium; but in species where it is distinct its position may be
inconstant, and in species where it is indistinct its degree of distinctness may
be variable to the vanishing-point. The shape and breadth of the merus are
very constant.

(12) Chelipeds. The shape of the dactylus, which also determines the
gape of the fingers, varies, and in the case of the larger cheliped (of the male
in particular) the amount of difference, depending upon age, may be enormous.
The chele of the larger cheliped seem to go on growing throughout life, and
the most common growth-change is for the dactylus to become more and more
curved and toothless. The inference is that distinctions based solely upon the
form of the chele and the gape of the fingers are to be distrusted.

(13) Legs. As the proportions of the legs do not alter much with age,
whereas in many species those of the chelipeds do, distinctions based solely upon
the length of the legs relative to the length of the chelipeds may be fallacious.

In deciding the limits of species, I have estimated all these points to the
best of my ability. In dealing with large series, I have often had the greatest
difficulty in deciding between “species” and “variety”: I can vouch that my
“varieties” have cost me much work of the kind performed by King Bruce’s
spider.

>

(

As to the forms here described as varieties, I should of course, as a
believer in the origin of species mainly by the accumulated selection of small
adaptive variations, like to think that they were geographical races, or incipient
species. But I do not know enough about them to say that they are so, or
even to think that they are so. In fact, I do not always know what they are :
there may be cases of individual abnormality among them.

In most cases where forms that seem to me to be varieties have been
specifically named by other authors, I have used those names, as I do not like
interfering with other people’s finger-posts.

GEOGRAPHICAL DistrisuTion.—In the present confused state of the
system, I do not think it safe to discuss the geographical distribution of the
Potamonide : I shall restrict myself to a consideration of the manner of disposal
of the family within the limits of the Indian Empire, beginning with certain
bare statements regarding the composition and disposition of the three Indian
genera.

1. The genus Potamon. The Indian species of this genus are arranged in
four subgenera: Potamon, Potamiscus, Geotelphusa, Acanthotelphusa.

a. The subgenus Potamon includes twenty-eight or twenty-nine Indian
species and varieties : the type is the palzarctic Potamon jluviatile Latr., which
is found in South Europe and North Africa. The Indian species are found
in Baluchistan, the Afghan border, all along the Himalayas from west to east,
and thence still further eastwards to China and southwards to the Malay
Peninsula and Islands.

No species of the subgenus Potamon has yet been found in the Indian
Peninsula.

No species of the subgenus Potamon has yet been found in the Indo-
Gangetic Plain, though one species (P. fluviatile, var. ibericum) has been found
in the valley of the Jhelum at 2000 feet. The species said to come from
Ceylon depends upon a dealer’s locality of more than fifty years ago, and I do
not accept it.

b. The subgenus Potamiscus includes two or three Indian species : all three
belong to the Eastern Himalayan region, but one of them (P. stkkimense) has
also been found at Ajmere in Rajputana—extra-peninsular.

c. The subgenus Geotelphusa includes three Indian species: the type is
Potamon (Geotelphusa) obtusipes, Stimpson, from the Japanese Islands. Two of
the Indian species occur in the Eastern sub-Himalayan region, one of them
being also found in Burma.

One species (P. enode, Kingsley)’ is said to occur in the Indian Peninsula.

1 I have seen only one specimen of Geotelphusa enodis (Kingsley), and its mouth-parts were so
much stuck together that I could not make out the form of the mandibular palp, so that I am not

perfectly satisfied that it really belongs to the Potamon clan.

5

One (the type species) is said to have been found in the Indo-Gangetic
Plain at Calcutta. I think this is likely to be a mistake. 1 know the
Potamonide of Eastern Bengal fairly well, and the only Calcutta species at all
like a Geotelphusu is Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) campestris.

d. The subgenus Acanthotelphusa includes eight Indian species and varieties.
The type is Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) nilotica (Edw.) from Egypt. Three of
the Indian species occur in the Eastern sub-Himalayan region. Six occur in
Burma. Two occur in the Indo-Gangetic Plain—in its eastern part.

2. The genus Paratelphusa. The Indian species of this genus are
arranged in six subgenera: Paratelphusa, Barytelphusa, Oziotelphusa (I use
Miiller’s name for reasons of priority, but in an entirely different sense),
Phricotelphusa, Liotelphusa, and Globitelphusa. The last three genera are not
so sharply separated from one another at a// points as could be wished.

a. The subgenus Paratelphusa. The type of this subgenus is P. tridentutu
(Edw.), from the islands of Malaysia. The Indian species are five in number.
Two occur in Burma. Two occur in the Eastern sub-Himalayan region. One
occurs in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. One aberrant species occurs in Baluchistan.

No species of the subgenus Parate/phusa has yet been found in the Indian
Peninsula.

b. The subgenus Barytelphusa. The type of this subgenus is the common
Indian Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) jacquemontii (Rathbun) = Telphusa indica
(Edw.); eighteen Indian species and varieties are included in it. Eight species
belong to the Eastern sub-Himalayan region: nine belong to the Peninsula :
one species has a wide range in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and extends to the
Western Himalayan region at Naini Tal.

No species of the subgenus Baryte/phusa has been found in Burma.

No species of the subgenus Barytelphusa has been found in the North-
west Frontier region.

c. The subgenus Oziotelphusa. This subgenus, the type of which is the
common Indian Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus (Herbst) = 7.
leschenaudii (Edw.), includes four Indian species and varieties. Three of these
occur in the Peninsula. One—a doubtful species—is found in the Eastern
sub-Himalayan region. One occurs in the Eastern part of the Indo-Gangetic
Plain.

No species of the subgenus Oziote/phusa is found in Burma. No species
is found in the Himalayas or in the North-west Frontier region.

d. The subgenus Phricotelphusa. The type of this subgenus is Paratel/phusa
(Phricotelphusa) callianira (de Man), from Mergui. It includes seven Indian
species and varieties. Five belong to Burma. One belongs to the Eastern
Himalayan region. One belongs to the Indo-Gangetic Plain, near Calcutta ;
but only one specimen of this species is known.

No species of the subgenus Phricotelphusa occurs in the Peninsula. No

9

species has been found in the Western Himalayas or in the North-west
Frontier region.

e. The subgenus Liotelphusa. ‘The type of this subgenus, which includes
five Indian species and varieties, is Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) levis (W.-M.).
Three species belong to the Eastern sub-Himalayan region. One belongs to
Burma. One belongs to the Peninsula.

J. The subgenus Gilobitelphusa includes six species and varieties. Three
are restricted to the Eastern sub-Himalayan region. Three are restricted to
the western edge of the Peninsula. None is found in Burma.

No species either of Liote/phusa or Globitelphusa are found in the Western
Himalayas, or in the North-west Frontier region, or in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

3. The genus Gecarcinucus. This genus is closely related to the subgenus
Barytelphusa of the genus Paratelphusa. It includes three species, all of
which are restricted to the western edge of the Peninsula. The only other
species known is from New Guinea. nope

To look at the matter from the converse side: the Indian fresh-water crabs
appear to hang together in six territories, as follows :—

(1) A Western Frontier Territory, including Baluchistan, the North-west
Frontier, and the north-west corner of the Punjab (Salt Range). Here we
find only—(1) the subgenus Potamon (varieties of the common palearctic
species P. fluviatile Latr.), and (2) in the southern portion of the territory a
species of the subgenus Paratelphusa-—a species which, though in some respects
quite singular, seems to be a derivative of P. spinigera.

(2) A Western Himalayan Territory, extending perhaps as far eastwards
as Nepal. Here we find only—(1) species of the subgenus Potamon (species
which are closely related to P. fluviatile), and (2) one species of the Paratel-
phusa subgenus Barytelphusa.

(3) A North-eastern Frontier, or Eastern Himalayan, or Eastern sub-
Himalayan Territory, cluding Sikkim, Bhutan, and the lower Brahmaputra
drainage system. In this territory there occur representatives of every
subgenus of Potamon and of every subgenus of Parate/phusa that exists
within the boundaries of the Indian Empire: in short, we find everything but
Gecarcinucus. It looks as if this territory had been the motherland of the
Indian branch of the family. Whence it was originally stocked is by no means
clear ; nor does it look as if it could have been stocked at one time and by one
movement. It has certain very characteristic features of its own, for the
details of which I refer to the appended Geographical List; it has certain
intimate relations with the Malayo-Burman territory which, as they are
specific, point to a recent connexion with that territory: and it has certain
strong resemblances to the Malabar territory which, as they are in no case

specific, would rather indicate an anterior connexion with that territory.
B

10

(4) A Burma-Malay Territory, including all that part of the Indian
Empire that lies south of the new political province of Assam and east’ of the
Bay of Bengal. Here we find representatives of three of the four subgenera
of Potamon and of three of the six subgenera of Paratelphusa, six of the
Potamons, but none of the Paratelphusas, being exoteric.

(5) A Peninsular Territory, including the Indian Peninsula south of the
Indo-Gangetic Plain. How far Ceylon is included I cannot say: my reasons
for excluding Ceylon from consideration are stated elsewhere. In this centre
no species of the subgenus Potamon is found, nor any Potamon at all, except
Potamon (Geotelphusa) enode, which, according to Henderson, has been met
with in South India. With this exception, all the fresh-water crabs of the
Peninsula are Paratelphusas and Gecarcinucus. Of the fifteen species of
Paratelphusa proper to this territory, eight belong to the subgenus Barytelphusa,
which is the predominant Paratelphusa subgenus of the Eastern Frontier
territory, and three belong to the subgenus Gilobitelphusa, which is not found
elsewhere out of the Eastern Frontier territory.

(6) The Indo-Gangetic Plain, including all the territory south of the
Himalayan foothills and north of the Central Indian plateaux, from the Indus
to the Brahmaputra. In this territory two species of the Potamon subgenus
Acanthotelphusa are found, and no other species of the genus Potamon. Its
other species belong to the Paratelphusa subgenera: Paratelphusa (one),
Barytelphusa (three), Oziotelphusa (one), and Phricotelphusa (one). Only
two of its species are peculiar to it, and one of these is perhaps only a race
of an Eastern Frontier species. It looks as if this territory had been recently
colonized from the East and from the South.

Although the distribution of the Indian fresh-water crabs does not at all
points fit the schemes either of Blanford or of Wallace, there is nothing about
it that is actually discordant with either of those schemes. The chief point of
difference is that in the case of the Potamonidw—(1) the Indo-Gangetic Plain
is quite sharply separated from the Peninsula, and (2) the North-eastern
Frontier territory is much more independent of Wallace’s Indo-Chinese sub-
division, and of Blanford’s Transgangetic subdivision, of the Oriental region.

Blanford’s zoological subregions are based entirely, and Wallace’s very
largely, on vertebrates; and it has therefore seemed to me more profitable to
compare the distribution of the Indian Potamonide, not with Blanford’s
zoological subregions, but with the phystographical divisions upon which his
zoological divisions are built.

Blanford divides the area of the Indian Empire into five primary
phystographical regions, namely—(a) the Indo-Gangetic Plain, (6) the Indian
Peninsula, (¢) Ceylon, (¢) the Himalayas, and (e) Assam, Burma, and the
parts east of the Bay of Bengal.

Bl

(a) The Indo-Gangetic Plain is subdivided by Blanford into three
physiographical “tracts ”—a Punjab tract, which also includes Baluchistan ; a
North-west Provinces tract; and a Bengal tract, which also includes the
Brahmaputra valley.

The Punjab tract he places in the south-east corner of the Mediterranean
subregion of the Holarctic (Palearctic) zoological region: the North-west
Provinces tract is included in his Cisgangetic zoological subregion : the
Bengal tract he includes in his Transgangetic zoological subregion.

These dispositions, based on the distribution of vertebrata, the present
paper does not pretend to criticise: what I think it important to recognize is
that, so far as the fresh-water crabs are concerned, the great physical tract
known as the Indo-Gangetic Plain is a zoological division also.

(0) The Indian Peninsula. This physical feature is divided by Blanford
into five tracts, namely : Rajputana, Central India, and Kathiawar ; the Deccan ;
Behar-Orissa, including also the eastern part of the Central Provinces, Chota
Nagpur, and the Northern Cirears; the Carnatic and Madras; and the
Malabar coast.

All these physiographical tracts are included in his Cisgangetic zoological
subregion. And here again I do not wish to dissent from his conclusion, but
only to draw attention to the facts that for the Potamonide the Peninsula as a
whole is a zoological division as much as a physical one, and the Malabar
coast physical tract is also a distinct zoological subdivision of it.

(c) Ceylon. Blanford recognizes two physical tracts in Ceylon, namely : a
northern tract, practically continuous with the Cisgangetic subregion ; and a hill
tract, forming an outlier of the Malabar tract, and also included with that tract
in the Cisgangetic zoological subregion.

I regret that I have not sufficient first-hand knowledge of the fresh-water
crabs of Ceylon to include them in my analysis. Miss Rathbun, in her great
monograph, gives the following list for Ceylon :—‘* Potamon ” soror (Zehntner),
“ Potamon atkinsonianum” (W.-M.), Potamon (Geotelphusa) enode (Kingsley),
Paratelphusa (Ozxiotelphusa) hydrodromus (Herbst), Potamon (Baryielphusa)
bouvieri (Rathb.), Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) guerini (Edw.), and “ Potamon”
rugosum (Kingsley). Potamon rugosum is a Paratelphusa. From Zehntner’s
account, Potamon soror, which is said to resemble P. rugosum, except in the
shape of the front, is as likely to be a Paratelphusa as a Potamon. Potamon
enode 1 know from only one specimen, in which the form of the mandibular
palp cannot be distinguished. And Potamon atkinsonianum rests upon a
specimen of P. koolooense in the British Museum, which, I understand from
Dr Calman, was purchased from a dealer more than fifty years ago, when
dealers’ localities were, I think, not unimpeachable.

(d) The Himalayas. This great primary geographical division is cut by
Blanford into three physical tracts, namely: Tibet; the Western Himalayan

12

tract, from Hazara to Nepal; and the Eastern Himalayan tract, from Nepal
to the head of the Assam valley.

No Potamonide, so far as I know, have been reported from the Tibetan
tract. I haye collected in the western part of the tract, but did not find any
traces of crabs there, and Captain F. H. Stewart’s fresh-water collection from
the eastern part of the tract contains no crabs.

But, as regards the eastern and western Himalayan tracts, I would point
out that, for Potamonide, they are zoological as well as physical subdivisions.

(ec) Assam, Burma, and the territories east of the Bay of Bengal. This
physical division is separated by Blanford into six tracts, namely : Assam, includ-
ing the neighbouring hills, Chittagong, and Arakan; Upper Burma; Perur;
Tenasserim, as far south as Mergui; the Andamans and Nicobars; and South
Tenasserim. Of these the first four form part of Blanford’s Transgangetic
zoological subregion, and the last is included in his Malayan subregion. Here,
again, the appended Geographical List seems to demonstrate that at least the
northern part of the Assam tract is a division that can be recognized by its
fresh-water crabs as well as by its physical features.

[With regard to the Andaman-Nicobar tract, I have nothing to say. I
have never seen or heard of any Potamonide in the Andamans. Heller and
Biirger report Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus (Herbst) (= Telphusa
leschenaudii, Edw.), from the Nicobars; and if their identification, or, rather,
since the identification of this species is hardly open to dispute, if their
locality-label is correct, this is something extraordinary, as this species belongs
to the Peninsula, Ceylon, and the eastern part of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. ]

To conclude: while allowing that Blanford’s zoological subdivisions of
the Indian Empire, which are based on the present distribution of vertebrates,
suit the Potamonide in a general way, it is here claimed that that author’s
physical subdivisions of the area have, as a rule, a much more exact corre-
spondence with the tracts in which the constituent groups of the family are
concentrated. It may also be added that Blanford himself emphasised, in the
case of the vertebrate fauna, certain points which a study of the fresh-water
crabs brings into strong relief. These points are as follows :—

(1) The close connexion between the Himalayas and Burma, and “the
evidence in favour of the principal elements in the Himalayan fauna having
been derived, probably at no distant period geologically, from the Assam
range.” I think that the evidence from the fresh-water crabs strongly
corroborates this view.

(2) The identity of the river fauna (strikingly exemplified in the cetacean
Platanista, the crocodilian Gavialis, the chelonian Hardella, and the siluroid
Sisa) of the Indus and Ganges, and the consequent potency of the claim of the
Indo-Gangetic Plain to recognition as a special zoological subregion.

(3) The difference between the vertebrate fauna of (a) the Eastern and

13

Western Himalayas, and of (6) Assam and Burma. Both these differences—
the former quite clearly, and the latter a difference seen beneath a likeness—
are brought out in a study of the fresh-water crabs.

(4) The presence in the Malabar tract of forms that do not occur in other
parts of the Peninsula, or even in any other part of the Indian political area,
and “the remarkable fact” that, beyond these forms restricted to the Malabar
tract, there are many Himalayan or Burmese (or both) mammals and birds that
are found in it and not in the Peninsula. Blanford also devotes a special note
to the vertebrate genera that occur in India and Burma but not in the
Himalayas. All three points, namely—(1) a close correspondence of genera
(but not of species) between the Peninsula and the territory east of the Indo-
Gangetic Plain to the exclusion of the plain itself; (2) a specially intimate
correspondence between the Malabar tract and the said eastern territory ; and
(3) the restriction of certain forms to the Malabar tract ;—are well illustrated
by the fresh-water crabs. The evidence for these conclusions is presented in
the following list of Indian Potamonide arranged geographically.

GEOGRAPHICAL List oF THE INDIAN PoTAMONIDA.

1. WESTERN FRONTIER TERRITORY.

(Batucuistan anp N.-W. Frontier Province.)

1. Potamon fluviatile var. ibericum. 3. Potamon sp.
2. 3 3 var. gedrosianum. 4. Paratelphusa blanfordi.
2. WESTERN HIMALAYAN TERRITORY.
(HimaLayas EASTWARDS AS FAR As NEPAL.)

1. Potamon atkinsonianum. 4. Potamon koolooense.

2. _ a var. emphyseleum. 5. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) masoniana (at
3: oo a var. ambivium. Naini Tal).

3. NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER TERRITORY.
(Stxkim, Buuran, anp THE Lower BrauMapuTRA DratnaGe-SysTEM.)

1. Potamon fluviatile var. monticola. 18. Paratelphusa spinigera.

2. Potamon atkinsonianum. 19. Paratelphusa trilobata.

3. Potamon bifarium. 20. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) edentula.

4. Potamon andersonianum. 21. a »» Sp. prox. edentula.
5, 3 a var. asperatum. 22. os » napea.

6. 55 3 Var. manipurense. 23% 2 »» lugubris.

7. Potamon pealianum. 24. a ss 9 Var. nigerrima.
8. 35 var. antennarium. 25. 35 35 » var. plauta.

She Potamon (?) tumidulum (or Potamiscus). 26. 5 » falcidigitis.
10. Potamon austenianum. 27. a » harpax.

11. Potamon (Potamiscus) sikkimense. 28. Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) gageii.
12. ” ” annandalit. 29. Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) levis.
13. Potamon (Geotelphusa) adiatretum. 30. 4 var. quadrata.
14. 9 33 sp. 31. Paratlpieae (Globitelpiusa) bakeri.

15. Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) wood-masoni. 32. 2 ” »» Var. cylindrus.
16. 55 5 fungosum. 33. > pistorica.

V7. 3 35 fee. 34. Parate elphusa (Oziotelphusa) sp.

14

4. BURMA TERRITORY.

(Urrer Burma, Arakan, Pecu, TENAsseRt.)

1. Potamon atkinsonianum. 16. Potamon (Geotelphusa) adiatretum.

2. Potamon andersonianum. 17. Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) dayanum.

By Ap 5 var. tritum. 18. 55 wood-masoni.

4, 55 3 var. rangoonense, 19. x in crenuliferum.

5. Potamon edwardsi. 20. ss 5 5» Var. floccosum.

6. 5 os var. hirtum. 21. Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) calvum.

7. Potamon hispidum. 22. my 5 fee.

8. Potamon pealianum. 23. Paratelphusa sinensis.

9. Potamon tumidum. 24, Paratelphusa grayi.
10. Potamon turgidulum. 25. Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) callianira.
11. Potamon simulum. 26. 55 Ee 5, varieties.
12. Potamon manii. Qi. ay ss elegans.
13, Potamon pruinosum. 28. a 35 carinifera.
14. Potamon turgidulimanus. 29. Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) sp. prox. levis.
15. Potamon thagatense.

5a. PENINSULAR PROVINCE—MAIN AREA.

(Tue Peninsuta East OF THE WESTERN GHAUTs.)

1. Potamon (Geotelphusa) enode. 5. Paratelphusa (Barylelphusa) guerini, vay.
2. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) jacquemontit pocockiana.

(= Telphusa indica,”’ Edw.). 6. Paratelphusa (Ozotelphusa) hydrodromus.
3. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) cunicularis. 7 5S 3 bouviert.

Dn .

4. a oo guerini. - Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) austrina.

5b. PENINSULAR PROVINCE—MALABAR ZONE.

(WesTeRN GuavuTs FROM THE Tapti To S. TRAVANCORE. )

No species of Potamon occurs in this zone.

1. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) jacquemontii. 8. Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus.
2 > 55 cunicularis, and oF oD oD SV ALs
dwarf var. 10. Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) pilosipes.
3 mA 5 lamellifrons. tale 93 3 gubernatoris.
4, 5 5s pulvinata, 12. eA 35 Jronto.
5. An a guerini. 13. Gecarcinucus jacquemontii.
6. xn es >> var. planata. 14. Gecarcinucus edwardsi.
le 3 35 pollicaris. 15. Gecarcinucus (Cylindrotelphusa) steniops.
6. INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN.
(From Sinp To THE BrAHMAPUTRA.)
[1. Potamon fluviatile, var. ibericum (in Jhelum 7. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) jacquemontii
valley at 2000 feet). | (at Morar and Hardwar).
2. Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) martensi. 8. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) pocockiana (at
oe a 33 wood-masoni. Chunar).
4. Paratelphusa spinigera. 9. Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) campestris
5. Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) masoniana. (one specimen found near Calcutta).
6. Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus.

I must not conclude this introduction without duly acknowledging my
obligations to Miss Mary J. Rathbun’s great monograph, “Les Crabes d’eau

15

douce,” published in the Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle,
series 4, Vols. VI.-VIIL., 1904-1906. .

Though [ do not accept Miss Rathbun’s synthesis of subgenera and genera,
I must express my admiration of her analytical tables of species,—the con-
struction of which must have involved a prodigious amount of research and
labour ; and I must particularly admit the assistance that I have derived from
her monumental bibliography of the Family. The existence of this bibliography
relieves me of the responsibility of attempting anything of the sort for the
Indian Potamonide, and provides a canonical reference for the several species
described in the sequel.

I have elsewhere expressed my acknowledgments of the friendly help
that I have so often received from Dr W. T. Calman of the British Museum ;
and I must also mention my obligation to Professor E. L. Bouvier, the
renowned successor of renowned predecessors at Paris, for his kindness in
authenticating one of my specimens that could not be resolved without an
actual comparison with a type.

Finally, my thanks are due to the library staff, both of the British Museum
in Cromwell Road and of the Zoological Society in Hanover Square, for the
ready way in which they have often helped me, and to Dr Annandale for his
liberal treatment of all my requirements.

The new species described in the following pages have already been briefly
characterized in “Records of the Indian Museum,” Vol. III., Parts I11. and
KV for 1909:

Il; SYSTEMATIC PART

Group BRACHYURA
Section CycLOMETOPA

Famity POTAMONID

Thelpheusiens, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II., p. 7, 1837.

Telphusinea vel Cancroidea Grapsidica, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust., Pt. I., p. 292, 1852.
Thelphusine, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3), XX., 1853, p. 207.

Telphuside, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., pt. ii., 1871, p. 192.

Potamonida, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., [X., 1896, p. 445, and X., 1897, p. 296.

Poramonip#, Many J. Ratrupun, Nouv. Arcniv. pu Muséum (4), VI., 1904, pp. 244, 245 (ubi lt.).

CARAPACE variable in shape—subquadrilateral, or oval, or even subcircular,
but commonly broader than long; its regions may be either well or quite ill
defined, but are seldom areolated to any marked extent. ‘Cervical groove”
commonly clear and deep in all its extent; but sometimes interrupted, and not
unseldom well defined only behind the mesogastric area.

Front in the adult almost always broad, only exceptionally as narrow as,
or narrower than, the orbit ; not separated from the inner supra-orbital angles ;
generally more or less deflexed, but occasionally hardly declivous at all; as a
rule, broadly—even obscurely—bilobed, seldom (never in any Indian species)
spinose.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace usually well arched and not longer
(even sometimes shorter) than the postero-lateral borders, which are
convergent.

Epistome well defined, of good length fore and aft, not encroached upon
by the external maxillipeds.

Sternum broad. Abdomen of the male covering all the space between the
last pair of legs. Genital ducts of the male opening free on the coxopodites of
the last pair of legs.

The antennules usually fold transversely in narrow fossze.

Antennal peduncles usually occupying the orbital gap, the distal joints
usually overlapped by the front. Antennal flagella short, sometimes quite
vestigial.

16

17

The palp of the external maxillipeds articulates at or near the inner angle
of the merus. Mouth-cavern usually square.
Chelipeds usually more or less unequal in both sexes. Legs gressorial.

It is unnecessary, in dealing with the Indian fauna, to criticise any of the
subdivisions of this family that have been proposed by other authors. I have,
however, examined specimens of a good many exotic Potamonide, and I find
that the family is cut in two by the mandible-—or, rather, by the mandibular
palp.

In one of these two sections the mandibular palp is of the normal
brachyurous form, the terminal point being simple and falciform. Examples
of this section are Potamon jfluviatile, Potamonautes perlatus, Geotelphusa
dechaanii, Platytelphusa armata, “ Paratelphusa” nilotica, EHrimetopus spinosus,
Trichodactylus quadratus, Dilocarcinus septemdentatus, Valdivia panoplus, and
Deckenia imitatriz.

In the other of these two sections the terminal joint of the mandibular
palp is split from its base into two lobes, which embrace the incisor process
of the mandible. Examples of this section are Gecarcinucus jacquemontii,
Paratelphusa tridentata, Peritelphusa borneensis, Pseudotelphusa dentata,
Potamocarcinus latifrons, “ Potamon” hydrodromus, “ Potamonautes” jacque-
montit (= Telphusa indica, auctorum), “ Geotelphusa” /evis.

I must add that I am indebted to Dr W. T. Calman of the British Museum
for the suggestion that the mandibular palp might give the clue to the labyrinth
of the Potamonide. I take this opportunity of expressing my great obligation
to Dr Calman, not only for this hint, which I have found so interesting and so
useful, but also for the kindness and patience with which he bore my many
inquisitive trespasses upon his valuable time in the course of this work.

The Indian genera of the family Potamonide are exhibited in the following
table :—

I. Mandibular palp of three distinct joints; the terminal joint simple, some-
times thickened at base for the attachment of a bunch of hairs : PoTamon.
II. Mandibular palp of two distinct joints ; the terminal joint cut into two lobes
which embrace the incisor process of the mandible :—
1. Front much wider than the orbit . 3 ‘ x PaRATELPHUSA.!
2. Front little or hardly wider than orbit F : : : Gecarcinucus.!

1 N.B.—To examine the palp, the mandible must be raised from its bed, as in repose only the
anterior lobe can be seen, overlapping the incisor process.

Subfamily 1.—POTAMONINA
Genus I.—Poramon, Savigny

Potamon, Savigny, Mém, Anim. sans Vert., I., 107, 1816: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X., 1897, p. 299.

Thelphusa, Latreille, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., XXXIII., 500, 1819: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., II.,
p. 10, 1837. :

Potamon, Mary J. Rarupun, Nouv. Arcuiv. pu Mus. (4), VI., 1904, p. 247—for full references to literature,
but not for the analysis and classification of the genus.

Carapace oval or subquadrilateral, either flat or convex, traversed anteriorly
by a crest, which, on either side of the middle line, consists of two portions,
namely—(1) a shorter, coarser, post-frontal or epigastric portion, and (2) a
longer, sharper, post-orbital portion: these two portions may be distinct and
discontinuous, or may be continuous, or one or both of them may be indistinct
to the verge of disappearance (subgenus Greote/phusa).

Front always decidedly broader than the orbit, and varying from about
two-fifths to about two-sevenths the greatest breadth of the carapace, of
varying degrees of declivity, commonly broadly bilobed or sinuous. External
orbital angle usually dentiform or spiniform, and usually separated from the
lower border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace usually well defined, often cristiform and
serrulate or crenulate, sometimes (subgenus Acanthotelphusa) cut into large
teeth or spines; their curve is usually broken, somewhere near the level of the
post-orbital crest, by a notch and spine—the lateral-epibranchial spine—but
these may (subgenus Geote/phusa) be indistinct or obsolete. Postero-lateral
borders usually “full” and indefinite, and crossed by oblique wrinkles continued
from the sidewalls of the carapace.

The abdomen of the aduit male is regularly triangular, the sides of
the segments 3 to 6 being regularly convergent, the segments 5 to 7 not
being abruptly narrowed, the length of the 6th segment much exceeding
its distal breadth, and the 7th (terminal) segment being a broad triangle.
The abdomen of the adult female is broad, its terminal joint never being
elongate. In hoth sexes all seven segments of the abdomen are distinct and
separate.

The edges of the epistome are well defined: the oral edge is not to any
extent everted, so that the efferent branchial openings, though very distinct,
are not subtubular. The edges of the meropodites of the external maxillipeds
approach close enough to the edge of the epistome to conceal, or almost to

conceal, the channel-like laminar terminal joint of the endopodite of the first
maxillipeds.

19

The mandibular palp is of the normal brachyurous pattern: all three
joints are separately distinguishable, and the sickle-shaped terminal joint is
simple, not bilobed or bifurcate, and in repose lies altogether behind the incisor
process of the mandible.

The chelipeds are generally more massive than the legs, and are commonly
more or less unequal in both sexes.

The dactyli of the legs are stout, and are armed with four rows of strong
translucent spines.

In the Indian species of Potamon, besides the simple mandibular palp, and
besides the comparatively broad 6th abdominal segment of the adult male,
there is a third character, which is of some diagnostic value : and that is, that the
cervical groove, when it is distinct in all its course, never runs straight and
wide to the lateral epibranchial tooth on either side, but makes more for the
inner angle of the external orbital tooth and often cuts the post-orbital crest
in that longitude.

It is not possible, from a considération of the literature alone, to determine
the incidence of this genus. I can only say, regarding Indian species, that
it includes selections from the subgenera Potamon, Potamonautes, and Paratel-
phusa of Miss Rathbun’s great monograph.

Among the Indian species, four principal groups, or subgenera, can be
recognized, as follows :—

1. Antero-lateral borders of carapace usually finely serrulate or crenulate,
without any large spines, except the lateral epibranchial spine: no
subterminal spine on the upper border of the merus of the chelipeds :—

i. Exopodite of external maxillipeds with a long, plumose

flagellum :—
1. Post-orbital crests and lateral epibranchial spine well
pe ae 5 Poramon.
. Post-orbital crests and tater al epibr Anca Erin ill developed
or obsolete : : : : é : . GEorELPHusa.
ii. Exopodite of external maxillipeds with the flagellum vestigial or
absent : é : : : A : . Poramiscus. p. S%

II. Antero-lateral borders of carapace cut into large teeth or armed with
sharp spines ; upper border of merus of chelipeds with a subterminal
spine. : : : 2 - : : . ACANTHOTELPHUSA.

Subgenus I.—Poramon, Ortmann
Type: Potamon potamios (Oliv.)

The Indian species of the subgenus may be disposed in five companies,
as follows :—

20

I. The cervical groove cuts or breaks the post-orbital crests at a point in or near the
longitude of the inner limit of the external orbital tooth :—
i. The legs are of moderate length; in the two middle pairs the propodite
is about two or two and a half times as long as broad :—
1. Carapace either slightly convex or flat, its depth decidedly less
than half its length :—

a. Merus of external maxillipeds broader than long ‘ . Grovp I.
b. Merus of external maxillipeds as long as broad : . Group Il.
2. Carapace strongly convex fore and aft, its depth quite half its
length : . Group IIL.
. The legs are very long an peniden: 3 in ihe — middle pairs the pro-
eo is three or four times as long as broad P . Group IV.

II. The cervical groove does not distinctly cut the post-orbital eects ; but runs
towards them, and then either becomes lost in the rugosities that lie between
their outer ends and the lateral epibranchial teeth, or else may be indistinctly
deflected behind the crests towards those teeth é : é . Group V.

The following are the sponsor-species of the several groups, for the Indian
fauna :—

Group [.: P. fluviatile ibericum and P. atkinsonianum.

Group IL. : P. andersonianum,

Group IIL: P. pealianum.

Group IV.: P. austenianum.

Group V.: P. manii (probably the P. /arnaudii of some authors) and

P. stoliczkanum.

Group I. : ibericum and atkinsonianum group.

In this group (which includes P. ibericum and varieties, P. atkinsonianum
and varieties, P. koolooense, and P. bifarium) the cervical groove is well:
defined and cuts the post-orbital crest on either side at a point in line with the
inner limit of the external orbital tooth, and the merus of the external maxil-
lipeds is very distinctly broader than long.

The species of this group may be tabulated as follows :—

The epigastric crests are distinctly in advance of the post-orbital crests
and independent of them :—
i. The front in the adult is a third or more than a third the

greatest breadth of the carapace : . P. ibericum and var.
The front in the adult is considerably less than a third the
greatest breadth of the carapace 5 . LP. koolooense.

II. The epigastric crests, though separated from the post- Porhital crests by a
groove, merely form the convexity of a common curve with the latter :
front in the adult less than a third the greatest breadth of the

carapace :—
i. Propodites of two middle pairs of legs about twice as long as
broad :-—
1. Size small, carapace of adult not exceeding 14 inch in
ee : ° : : . P. koolooense.

Sere large, carapace con adult 13 inch or more inlength . P. atkinsonianum.
ii. Sa of two middle pairs of legs more than two and a
half times as long as broad 5 S : . . P. bifarium.

21

1. Poramon (Poramon) FLUVIATILE (Latreille), var. [BERICUM
(Marschall de Bieberstein). - (Fig. 37.)
Cancer ibericus, Marschall de Bieberstein, Mem. Soc. Imp. Moscow, II., 1809, p. 4, pl. i., fig. 1.

Potamon (Potamon) ibericus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 259, pl.
ix., fig. 4 (wbi synon.).

Carapace length, in large adults, about }iths its greatest breadth; depth
about two-fifths its length ; moderately convex fore and aft, less so from side to
side. Gastric region well defined, except postero-laterally, the epigastric and
mesogastric areole distinct anteriorly, but other areolation quite indistinct.
Cardiac region distinguishable but not well demarcated. Branchial regions not
distinctly areolated. Cervical groove fairly but not equally distinct in all its
course, cutting the post-orbital crests at a point in line with the inner angle of
the external orbital spine. The greater part of the dorsum of the carapace is
smooth, but the frontal and the anterior limit of the gastric region are rugose,
and the antero-lateral surface of the epibranchial regions is obliquely rippled.
The sidewalls of the carapace are obliquely rippled, and the pterygostomian
regions and the well-defined suborbital lobes are pimpled. The antero-lateral
margins of the carapace, which are longer than the ill-defined postero-lateral
margins, are clean cut, gently curved, raised, and elegantly crenulate, the
denticles regularly decreasing in size from the subacute epibranchial tooth
backwards.

Front moderately declivous, very distinctly bilobed, its breadth in the
adult slightly over one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace, its edges
clean cut, somewhat everted, and usually smooth. Orbital margin also clean
cut and somewhat everted: external orbital tooth prominent, subacute,
separated from the lower border of the orbit by a notch.

Epigastric crests tumid, rugulose ; separated from, overlapping, and well
in advance of the post-orbital crests ; the latter have a thin, almost sharp, edge,
except for the small ragged outlying lobule cut off by the cervical groove.

In the abdomen of the adult male the length of the 6th segment is more
than a half but less than two-thirds its greatest breadth, and that of the 7th is
a little less than its greatest breadth.

Antennular fossee narrow ; interantennular septum very broad, formed in
about equal parts by a process of the epistome and an infolded thickening of
the front.

Ist (true 2nd) antennal joint about as broad as long; 2nd and 3rd (true
3rd and 4th) joints in contact with and covered by the front.

Mandible with a high sharp incisor edge, and a narrow obliquely-truncated
molar facet: palp of the ordinary form, 7.¢., the terminal joint not bilobed.

All three pairs of maxillipeds have long exopodites with well-developed
flagella. The 2nd joint of the endopodite of the first pair is a broad obtri-

29,

angular plate. In the 5rd pair the exopodite projects more than one-sixth of
its length beyond the ischium, which is longitudinally grooved in the middle
line; and the merus, which is irregularly pentagonal with the antero-external
angle nicely rounded off, is broader than long.

Chelipeds unequal, the larger one is about the same length as the 2nd
(longest) true leg, and about half its length consists of hand. All three edges
of the merus are bluntly crenulate; the upper and outer surfaces of the carpus
and of more or less of the palm are rather faintly ripple-marked ; the inner
angle of the carpus is produced into a stout spine, with a cusp at its base and
two or three small serrations on its front edge; the palm is longer than high,
and about as long as the dactylus ; and the fingers are stout, little compressed,
curved, pointed, very slightly hooked at tip, and have smail blunt teeth: the
proximal part of the upper edge of the dactylus is, like the inner upper edge of
the palm, pimply.

Legs stout, with merus and propodite compressed : in old specimens the
joints (dactylus excepted) are nearly smooth, but generally the anterior border
of the merus is crenulate, and both borders of the propodite are serrulate, the
lower border most distinctly so; the dactyli always have four rows of thorns.
In the 1st and 4th legs the breadth of the propodite is a little over, in the 2nd
and 38rd a very little under, half the length: the anterior border of this joint is
almost always convex, and not longitudinally grooved.

The carapace of a well-grown male is about 1°75 inch long by 2 inches
broad.

This variety seems to range from the Crimea and Syria on the west,
through the Caucasus and Persia, to Kashmir on the east. The following
specimens are in the Museum collection :—

eee NeariShiit W. T. Blanford. 49.
— Afghanistan. Purchased. icin ob 2
ae Teheran J. Anderson. (cig Uh
ae Tees Karachi Museum. he
io Syria. J. Anderson. hin WS.
oe Transcaspia. Tiflis Museum. 1g.
ae Syria. Turin Museum. 16, 2 9.
ao Afghanistan. Rev. F. Warneford. egg il 2,
| Ticlaratealiey | Stpaeeee Donor unrecorded. Win Le

The above-described variety ibericum differs from the variety edule of the
Mediterranean region in the following characters :—

23

(1) The carapace is broader and not quite so deep ;
(2) the epigastric crests are not so much in advance of the post-orbital

crests ;

(3) the cervical groove is not so well graven in all its course.

2. Poramon (Poramon) FLUVIATILE (Latreille), var. GEDROSIANUM, nov.

(or PoTAMON IBERICUM, var. GEDROSIANUM).

(Fig. 1.)

This variety agrees with the variety zbericum in ail but the following

characters :—

(1) The carapace is broader, its length in large adults seldom exceeding
taths of its greatest breadth, the broadening being due to the more marked
convexity of the antero-lateral borders ;

(2) The cervical groove is deep-cut in its entire course, and there is distinct
though faint areolation of the epibranchial regions ;

(3) The epigastric crests are more tumid and are more in advance of the

post-orbital crests.

The distinctness of the cervical groove is more marked even than in the

variety edule.

In a large male the carapace is 24 inches long by 2} inches broad.

The following specimens are included in the collection :—

eee Salt Range, Punjab.
0
eae Near Hallur Hahar.
aca Loe. not recorded.
7
208-12
os Baluchistan.
5015 Bie
0” Seistan.
ee Quetta.
Per
= ; Peshawur.
5DAT {Pond of Shisba R., 6440 ft.,)
ay lt Baluchistan. J
5550 { Barshor R., Peshin Valley, |
10” i Baluchistan. Sf
aDaES Seistan.
10

W. T. Blanford.

Donor not recorded.

Karachi Museum.

Boundary Commission of 1896.

Seistan Commission of 1904-5

Karachi Museum.

Donor not recorded.

Boundary Commission of 1896.

J. Cleghorn.

Seistan Commission of 1904-5.

Tercera oe
1 3, young.
Teese

3g, 29.
eee il ee

_
Os
.

1s

Ih gi

(4 6, 3 @, includ-
ing the types ot
the variety.

Gp We

3. Poramon (PoraMON) FLUVIATILE, var. MONTICOLA, Wood-Mason (name only),
or, POTAMON IBERICUM var. MONTICOLA.
This small variety differs from ibericwm in the following particulars :—
The carapace is broader, its length being only réths its greatest breadth,
and the epibranchial tooth is less distinct.

24

The front is less declivous and less distinctly bilobed.

The epigastric crests are only just in advance of the post-orbital crests.

The legs are longer, the 2nd (longest) pair surpassing the chelipeds.

In all these characters it resembles the following species, P. koolooense,
Rathbun ; but it differs from this in its more convex carapace, and (individuals
of the same size and sex compared) in its wider front.

In the largest specimen—a male which seems to be adult—the carapace is
just over +%ths of an inch long, and just over 11‘; inch broad.

st Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon. 1 é.
4032 cent . 5
ee Darjiling. J. Anderson. cys 28 lay pes:

It is remarkable to find a variety of P. fluviatile so far east, but there is
no reason to doubt the labels.

4. Poramon (PoraMon) KOOLOOENSE, Rathbun. (Fig. 38.)

Potamon (Potamon) koolooensis, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 270,
pl. x., fig. 1.

This species is distinguished from P. fluviatile, var. ibericum, by the follow-
ing characters :—

(1) It is a smaller species, egg-laden females sometimes having a carapace
less than an inch long ;

(2) The carapace is broader (its length being only three-fourths of its
sreatest breadth), flatter, and more roughly rugose antero-laterally ;

(3) The front is less declivous, is very obscurely bilobed, and is narrower
—its breadth being less than one-third that of the carapace in the adult ;

(4) The cervical groove is deeper cut ;

(5) The epigastric crests are very slightly in advance of the post-orbital
crests—the amount varies.

(6) The epibranchial tooth is not pre-eminent above the general serration
of the antero-lateral borders of the carapace ; =

(7) The legs, even in the adult, are longer in relation to the chelipeds.

Carapace: length about ;éths the greatest breadth, flat from side to side,
almost flat fore and aft behind the frontal declivity. Gastric region well
defined, the epigastric and mesogastric areol defined anteriorly, other
areolation quite indistinct. Epibranchial regions rather faintly areolated—(1)
by a median obliquely transverse depression; and (2) by extremely faint
depressions festooning the gastric region behind the cervical groove. Cervical
groove well graven, cutting the post-orbital crests at a point in line with the
inner angle of the external orbital spine ; sometimes, behind the spot where it
cuts the crests, it appears to give off a branch that runs outside the crest
towards the epibranchial tooth. The greater part of the carapace is smooth,

25

but the frontal region is tuberculous, the anterior limit of the gastric region is
rugulose, and the antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions is obliquely
rugose ; the side-walls are obliquely rippled, the striae passing over the postero-
lateral borders, and the pterygostomian regions and well-defined suborbital
lobes are pimpled. The epigastric crests are rugulose; though only just in
advance of the post-orbital crests, they usually slightly overlap the latter, and
do not usually form a simple curve with them; the edge of the post-orbital
crests is crenulate.

Front moderately declivous, very faintly bilobed even in a dorsal view, its
width less than one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace in the adult, its
edge well defined and beaded. External orbital tooth subacute, separated
from the lower border of the orbit by a notch.

Antero-lateral borders of the carapace slightly shorter than the postero-
lateral, gently curved (the curve invading the dorsum of the carapace
posteriorly), very well defined, regularly crenulate ; no large epibranchial tooth.

Abdomen, antennules, antenne, and mouth-parts as described for P.
Jluviatile var. ibericum, the merus of the external maxillipeds being broader
than long, and having its antero-external angle evenly rounded.

The only points where the chelipeds and legs differ to any extent from
those of P. fluviatile var. ibericum, are that the 2nd (longest) pair of legs often
reach beyond the tip of the larger cheliped, and that the propodites of the legs
are shorter—their breadth, in the 2nd and 8rd pairs, being hardly half their
length—and have their anterior border very distinctly (longitudinally) grooved,
so as to present two very distinct edges, one serrated, the other smooth—as is
the case with most species except P. fluviatile.

In a large female the carapace is 14 inch long and nearly 1 inch broad ;
in the largest male of the collection it is 14% by 11% inch.

This seems to be a very common species in the Western Himalayas, as P.
atkinsonianum is in the Eastern Himalayas. The two species are extremely
close to one another, but P. koolooense is smaller, has a carapace that is not so
flat nor so distinctly areolated, and almost always has the epigastric crests
distinctly, if slightly, in advance of the post-orbital crests.

2 Sinla. F. Day. 2d.
= Simla. F. Day. a
Ex ae Afghanistan. Purchased. Zh UA
a No loc. Purchased. 3) G5 dl
be Simla. A. Newham. reall) Ys
L859-31,Dharmsiila, 4000-5000 feet. Dr Gray. 4d.

D

oa Ramnee, Garwhal. Museum Collector. 61S LEE
eae Nepal Terai. Museum Collector. Lehi

(
ae Bhim Tal, Kumaon, 4500 feet. N. Annandale. (ayiy i S
5492 Sigh eG ee p
0" Naini Tal District. Museum Collector. Lincs
5494 ion Teer Denes : > . 24

107 Hazara, United Provinces. Museum Collector. Di See oe
5497 Naini Tal. Purchased. Weave

10
ne R. Ravi, Chamba. Captain Murray. Slee

The eggs of P. koolooense, though large—about 2°5 mm. in diameter—are

numerous.

5. PoraMon (PoTAMON) ATKINSONIANUM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 39.)

Telphusa atkinsoniana, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., 1871, pt. I., p. 205, pl. xiv., figs. 12-16.
Potamon (Potamon) atkinsonianus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904,
p. 271 (wbi lit.).

This species resembles all the preceding in having the merus of the
external maxillipeds broader than long.

From P. jluviatile and its varieties it differs in the following particulars :—

(1) The carapace is broader, its length being only three-fourths its greatest
breadth, and behind the frontal declivity it is quite flat in both dimensions ;

(2) The front is narrower, being considerably less than one-third the
greatest breadth of the carapace in the adult ; it is also less distinctly bilobed ;

(8) The cervical groove is particularly deep-cut, and the epibranchial
regions are very distinctly areolated ;

(4) The epigastric and post-orbital crests, though distinctly separated from
one another, form one curve, the general trend of which is gently convex
forwards ;

(5) The chelipeds are more boldly sculptured.

From P. koolooense it is distinguished by the following characters :—

(1) It attains a larger size ;

(2) The carapace is flatter, with a deeper-cut cervical groove and more
distinct areolation of the epibranchial regions ;

(3) The epigastric and post-orbital crests form one curve; but this is
sometimes the case in P. koolooense.

It must be admitted, however, that P. atkinsonianum and P. koolooense
may probably be the extremes of one variable series, and so “species” only ina
conventional sense, in so far as the extremes of the series can be defined, As

27

already mentioned, P. soolooense seems to be the Western Himalayan, P.
atkinsonianum the Eastern Himalayan form.

Carapace : length in adult barely three-fourths its greatest breadth, depth a
little over two-fifths its length, quite flat behind the frontal slope. The gastric
region is extremely well defined, but its only indications of areole are anteriorly,
where the front limits of the mesogastric and epigastric subregions are well
graven. The gastric region is festooned, outside the cervical groove, by six very
distinct areole, two of which, on either side, belong to the epibranchial regions,
and two (smaller) in the middle to the anterior cardiac region ; the epibranchial
regions are further subdivided by a broad obliquely transverse groove. The
cervical groove is very deeply graven, and cuts the post-orbital crests at a point
in line with the inner angle of the external orbital spine. The frontal region is
tuberculous ; the anterior part of the gastric region is rugulose; the anterior
part of the epibranchial regions is obliquely rugose; the side-walls of the
carapace are tuberculous anteriorly (as are the well-defined suborbital lobes),
and are obliquely rippled posteriorly, fine ripplings extending well over the
postero-lateral borders.

The epigastric crests, though separated from the rather oblique post-orbital
crests on either side by a groove, do not at all overlap the post-orbital crests,
but merely form the most convex part of one common curve with them, this
being the chief character besides size that separates this species from P.
koolooense ; the edge of these crests is rugulose and crenulate.

Front moderately declivous, faintly and broadly bilobed in a dorsal view,
its breadth in the adult considerably less than one-third the greatest breadth of
the carapace, its edge (like that of the orbit) well defined and very distinctly
crenulate or beaded. Upper edge of orbit markedly sinuous. External orbital
tooth prominent, subacute, and separated from the lower border of the orbit by
a bight.

Antero-lateral borders of the carapace hardly as long as the postero-lateral
borders, raised, serrulate, very gently curved, the curve not running on to the
dorsum of the carapace posteriorly ; the epibranchial tooth is not pre-eminent
above the general serration of these borders.

In the adult male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is nearer two-
thirds than one-half its greatest breadth, and that of the 7th segment is quite
equal to its greatest breadth.

Antennular fosse very narrow : interantennular septum very broad, formed
rather more by the inturned callosity of the front than by the epistome.

First (true 2nd) antennal joint nearly square, the two succeeding joints
covered by and in contact with the front.

Mandibles and maxillipeds as in P, fluviatile vay. ibericum, the merus of
the external maxillipeds being broader than long: the only difference is that
the antero-external angle of this merus is not so evenly rounded off.

28

The chelipeds and legs differ from those of P. fuviatile var. ibericum, only
in the following particulars :—

(1) In the chelipeds the whole of the upper and outer surface of the
carpus and palm, and a good part of the inner surface of the palm, is rugulose,
most so in the larger cheliped; the surface of the fingers also is rough,
particularly the upper border of the dactylus, which is often denticulate.

(2) In the legs the upper border of the merus is more sharply serrulate,
and both borders of the propodite are more sharply spinulose ; moreover, the
upper border of the carpus is spinulose, and the upper border of the propodite
of the last three legs is longitudinally grooved so as to present a distinct double
edge ; again, in the 2nd and 38rd legs the breadth of the propodite is quite half

its length.

Length of carapace of an adult male 12 inch, greatest breadth 2 inches.
This is chiefly an Eastern Himalayan species also extending into Burma,
but it occurs also in the Western Himalayas :—

6909 | 6971
as ©
6926

Rungbee, Sikkim.
Thankot Hills, Nepal.
Darjiling.

Darjiling.

Simla.

No locality.

Sikkim.

Darjiling.

R. Teesta, near Darjiling.

Bhim Tal.

Kurseong, 5000 feet.
Shan Hills.
Kurseong, 5000 feet.
Darjiling.

Kurseong, 5000 feet.

J. Gammie.

Museum Collector.

F. Stoliezka.

Donor not recorded.

A. Rahman.

Asiatic Society of Bengal.

W.S. Atkinson.

No donor recorded.

A. Alcock.
Museum Collector.
N. Annandale.

J. Coggin Brown.
N. Annandale.

W. King.

N. Annandale.

2565 492

Ice

2 g,1 2 (both young)
Il @

2 6,1 2 (all young).

ce

{24,19 (probably the
\ types).

1 $ (with 6th abdomi-
| nal segment almost

twice as broad as

long).

1 @ (young).
2.

| % (young).

1 % (young).

1 ¢ (young), 4 2.
1 ¢.

lold g, 2 young ¢.

One of the specimens in *15* is an egg-laden female taken at the end of
May ; the eggs are numerous and are nearly 3 mm. in diameter.

29

6. PoTaAMON (PoTAMON) ATKINSONIANUM, var. VENTRIOSUM.

An adult male in the collection must be more particularly noticed. It
agrees in every respect with what I take to be Wood-Mason’s type of the
species, except in the form of the abdomen. The whole abdomen is broader,
its 6th segment is twice as broad as long, and its 7th segment is a good deal
broader than long. The specimen is a well-formed male with carapace 1% inch
long and 12 inch broad.

D485

107 Near Sanesvar, Kumaon, about 6000 feet. L. L. Fermor. 1 3.

This “ variety ” may possibly be only an individual abnormality. I mention
it, however, as in grouping the species I have laid stress on the form of the
abdomen (and the correlated form of the mandibular palp). The abdomen is
usually broader in young males than in adult males in the genus Potamon, but
this is undoubtedly an adult.

7. Poramon (PoTAMON) ATKINSONIANUM, Var. EMPHYSETEUM. (Fig. 2.)

This variety, though of peculiar form of carapace, owing to the very strong
convexity of the antero-lateral and concomitant strong convergence of the
postero-lateral borders, can not be specifically distinguished.

Tt agrees with what I take to be Wood-Mason’s type in all particulars
except the following :—

(1) The antero-lateral borders of the carapace form a very strongly-
convex curve and the postero-lateral borders are in consequence strongly
convergent ; the bulge of these epibranchial borders adds so much to the
breadth of the carapace, that in some specimens it is more than three and
a half times the width of the front. Other results of this lateral bulging
are—(a@) that the ruge of the anterior part of the epibranchial regions are
much more oblique; and (4) that the gap between the epigastric and post-
orbital crests is wider, and this makes the epigastric crests appear more
prominent.

(2) The length of the 6th abdominal segment of the adult male is always
two-thirds its greatest breadth, whereas in a series of typical atkinsonianum it
is a variable amount less than two-thirds.

In the largest male the carapace is 1¢ inch long and 2: inches broad.

a Bilaspur, Punjab. A. Rahman. 46,5 2.
— Kangra, Punjab. F. Day. Wid Eee

Two other young males may be referred to this variety, the lateral puffing

30

of the epibranchial border being more than that of atkinsonianwm but less than
that of emphyseteum.

6963
ea

402]
ra

Simla. No donor recorded. 1 ¢ (young).

Kumaon. A. W. Lawder. | 3 (young).

8. PorTaMON (POTAMON) ATKINSONIANUM, var. AMBIVIUM.

This puzzling little form is in a way intermediate between P. koolooense
and typical P. atkinsonianum.

As in P. atkinsonianum, the cervical groove is deep-cut in its whole extent,
and the epigastric crests form the convexity of a regular curve common to
them and the post-orbital crests.

But like P. koolooense it is small and not quite flat in the carapace.

An egg-laden female has a carapace }iths of an inch long and 1,% inch
broad. The eggs, which are fairly numerous, are about 2°5 mm. in diameter.

5436
10

DY oy

Dharampur, Simla, 5000 feet. N. Annandale. Bien ey

9. Poramon (Poramon) Birartum, Alcock. (Fig. 3.)

This species can be sufficiently characterised by comparison with
P. atkinsonianum, which it very closely resembles, differing only in the
following particulars :—

(1) The carapace is distinctly convex fore and aft behind the frontal slope ;

(2) The antero-lateral borders of the carapace encroach on the dorsum
of the carapace posteriorly ;

(3) The epibranchial and cardiac areolx that festoon the gastric region
outside the cervical groove are not so well defined ;

(4) The abdomen of the adult male is broader, the 6th segment varying
in length (in specimens of equal growth) from two-thirds to half the greatest
breadth, and the 7th segment being a good deal broader than long ;

(5) The legs are slenderer; in the 1st and 4th (last) the length of the
propodite is twice its breadth, in the 2nd and 38rd the length of the
propodite is two and a half times its breadth, or even a little more.

Carapace : length in adult about three-fourths its greatest breadth, depth a
little less than half its length, its surface being slightly convex fore and aft behind
the frontal slope. The gastric region is well defined, the narrow anterior lobe
of the mesogastric area being very distinct, and the front limits of the epigastric
areolee being indicated. Branchial regions bisected by an obliquely transverse
groove and further subdivided by a less distinct groove running roughly
parallel with the cervical groove. Cardiac region fairly distinct, as are the
two small oval facets between it and the gastric region. Cervical groove well
cut, becoming broad anteriorly and rather indistinctly breaking the post-orbital

31

crests in line with the inner angle of the outer orbital tooth. Frontal region
tuberculous; anterior part of gastric region rugulose; anterior half of
epibranchial regions obliquely rugose; side-walls of carapace tuberculous
anteriorly (as are the well-defined suborbital lobes) and obliquely rippled
posteriorly, the ripplings extending well across the postero-lateral borders.

The epigastric crests, though separated from the post-orbital crests on
either side by a break, form the convexity of a common curve with the latter,
which are crenulate and incline well forwards beyond the point of intersection
by the cervical groove.

Front declivous, faintly and broadly bilobed in a dorsal view, its breadth
in the adult considerably less than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
its edge (like that of the orbit) well-defined and crenulate. Upper edge of
orbit sinuous; external orbital tooth prominent, subacute, and separated from
the lower border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace hardly as long as the postero-lateral,
raised, serrulate, well-arched, the curve running on to the dorsum of the cara-
pace posteriorly ; epibranchial tooth not pre-eminent above the general serration.

In the adult male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is nearer half
than two-thirds its greatest breadth, and is sometimes not more than half;
that of the 7th segment is decidedly less than its greatest breadth.

Antennular fosse narrow : inter-antennular septum very broad.

First (true 2nd) antennal joint broad, squarish, the two succeeding
joints covered by and in contact with the front.

Mandibles and maxillipeds not appreciably different from those of
P. fluviatile var. ibericum, except that the antero-external angle of the merus
of the external maxillipeds is not so well rounded off.

The chelipeds are quite like those of P. atkinsonianum, the whole of the
upper and outer surface of the palm and a good deal of the inner surface of
the palm being rugose, and the upper border of the dactylus being tuberculous
or denticulate in its basal half.

The legs also resemble those of P. atkinsonianum, but are more slender,
the propodite of the 2nd and 3rd pairs being from two and a half to nearly
three times as long as broad.

The carapace of the largest specimen is 12 inch long, and 17% inch broad—
a male.

I name the species bifwrium, as its local habitation, recorded on its label,
is double, or doubtful.

a Sikkim or Burma. W.T. Blanford. Giri

The species may, perhaps, be only a variety of P. atkinsonvanum, but its
convex carapace and comparatively slender legs seem to be valid marks
of distinction.

32

Group IL. : andersonianum group.

In this group, which includes P. andersonianum and its varieties, P.
rangoonense, P. edwardsi, P. hirtum, and P. hispidum, the cervical groove
follows the same course, and cuts the post-orbital crests at much the same
point, as in Group L., but the merus of the external maxillipeds is as long as,
or longer than, broad.

The species may be tabulated as follows :—

I. Post-orbital crests salient and undermined as usual, and cut by the cervical
groove at a point in line with the inner limit of the outer orbital spine :—
i. Carpus of chelipeds dorsally umbilicated and with the anterior

border a little tumid; carapace and legs not hirsute :—

1. Edge of front sinuous, faintly pilobed : ; . P.andersonianum.
2. Edge of front sinuous, faintly four-lobed ; chelipeds p: esacanll arly
rough P. rangoonense.

ii. Carpus of chelipeds dereale mrabilicated nage with the anterior hor der
very much swollen; large pustule-like tubercles on dorsum of palm
of hand :-—

1. Carapace sparsely setose ; legs not hirsute . : . P. edwardsi.
2. Carapace and legs strongly hirsute - 3 P. hirtum.
II. Post-orbital crests blunt, depressed, not undermined, and cut ks the cerv ical
groove at a point in line with the outer limit of the outer orbital spine;
earapace hirsute posteriorly, legs strongly hirsute : : . P. hispidum.

10. Poramon (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 40.)

Telphusa andersoniana, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., Part II.,
figs. 16-20.

Potamon (Potamon) andersonianus, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 274
(ubi lit.).

1871, p. 451, pl. xxvii.

This species is distinguished from all the preceding by the form of the
merus of the external maxillipeds, which, instead of being broader than long
and pentagonal with the antero-external angle rounded, is slightly longer than
broad and irregularly hexagonal.

From P. jfluviatile and its varieties it further differs in the following
particulars :—

(1) The cervical groove is broadly and deeply cut in all its extent ;

(2) The gastric and epibranchial regions are distinctly areolated, and the
surface sculpture of carapace and chelipeds is bolder ;

(3) The front is narrower, its breadth in the adult being much less than
one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace ;

(4) The external orbital and lateral epibranchial spines are less salient ;

(5) The epigastric and post-orbital crests, though distinctly separated,
form one curve, the trend of which is very slightly convex forwards.

From P. atkinsonianum, P. koolooense, and their varieties, it differs in the
following characters, besides that mentioned at the outset :—

3D

(1) The superficial sculpture of the carapace is coarser and more abundant ;

(2) The gastric region is usually well areolated, the mesogastric region
at least being distinctly circumscribed in all its extent; and the areole of the
epibranchial regions are much more sharply defined ;

(3) The upper surface of the carpus is umbilicated, the anterior edge of
the surface being tumid ; and, except in very old males, the fingers of the
chelipeds when closed have their cutting edges in close apposition throughout.

Carapace: length from four-fifths to almost three-fourths its greatest
breadth, depth about two-fifths its length; quite flat behind the frontal slope.
The gastric region is extremely well defined: often all its areole are distinctly
demarcated, and the mesogastric areola at least is always distinctly circum-
scribed by a groove in all its extent. Each epibranchial region is distinctly
cut into four unequal areole by deep grooves, one of which grooves is
obliquely transverse and the other is roughly parallel with the cervical groove.
The cervical groove is broad and deep, and cuts the post-orbital crests at a
point almost in line with the inner angle of the external orbital tooth. The
frontal and the anterior half or more of the gastric region are tuberculous or
rugose ; the anterior half of the epibranchial regions is strongly tuberculous or
obliquely rugose ; the posterior part of the epibranchial regions, on and near
the postero-lateral borders, is rugulose; the sidewalls of the carapace are
obliquely rugose, the ripple-like markings becoming coarser and more
tuberculous anteriorly; the well-defined suborbital lobes are smooth or
sparsely tuberculous.

Epigastric crests separated from the post-orbital crests, and forming the
gentle convexity of a common curve with them; not more tumid or less
rugose than the post-orbital crests.

Front little declivous, its edge sinuous and faintly bilobed, its width less
than one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace, its edge well defined and
faintly crenulate. The external orbital tooth is well indicated but not
spiniform, and is separated from the lower border of the orbit by a notch.

Antero-lateral borders of the carapace about as long as the postero-lateral,
raised, serrulate, gently curved, not encroaching much on the dorsum
posteriorly ; the lateral epibranchial tooth is distinct but not large.

In the adult male abdomen the length of the 6th segment varies from a
little over half to nearly two-thirds its greatest breadth, and the 7th segment
is nearly as long as broad.

Antennular fosse very narrow fore and aft; inter-antennular septum very
broad, formed about equally by epistome and frontal callosity. First (true 2nd)
antennal joint squarish, the two succeeding joints covered by and in contact
with the front.

Mandibles and external maxillipeds in a general way as described under
E

34+

P. fluviatile var. ibericum; but the merus of the external maxillipeds is
irregularly hexagonal, and is as long as, or a trifle longer than, broad.

The chelipeds and legs are in a general way as described under P.
Jiuviatile var. ibericum, differing in the following particulars :—

As regards the chelipeds, their inequality is less; the edges of the merus
are coarsely serrate rather than crenulate, and a tooth inside the distal end of
the lower inner border is enlarged; the carpus has its upper surface dimpled
or umbilicated and its anterior border somewhat swollen; the whole upper
and outer surface of the carpus and palm, and much also of the inner surface
of the palm, is rugose or tuberculous (but the tubercles of the palm are never
large and bullous); the fingers are broader, so that when they are closed their
cutting edges are in apposition throughout ; and the extensor surface of the
fingers is rough, the upper surface of the dactylus being tuberculous or coarsely
serrate in its basal half.

As regards the legs, the propodites have their anterior border longi-
tudinally grooved, so as to form a distinct double edge as in P. atkinsonianum,
koolooense, ete.

In the largest specimen, a female, the length of the carapace is 11 inch,
the greatest breadth 12 inch.

P. andersonianum seems to be a species pertaining to Upper Burma
and north-eastern Siam, but also occurs in Lower Burma.

6906

= Kakhyen Hills, Ponsee, Upper Burma. J. Anderson. i qa}
—_ Yunan. J. Anderson. OFS .
Hep
cay) Pegu. S. Kurz. IK Gi
vo
6932 : ry ;
=: Momien, W. Yunan. J. Anderson, 8 young.
vw
6936 ‘ : :
a Kakhyen Hills, Ponsee, Upper Burma. J. Anderson. 6 young.
6989 Burma. W. Theobald. Dre.
v
4045 M é oo J « 9 ,
ae Momien, W. Yunan. J. Anderson. 2G Gype) ales
2
= Tavoy. F. Stoliezka. gree Se

11. PoraAmMon (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM, var. RANGOONENSE. (Fig. 41.)

Potamon (Potamon) rangoonensis, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), WI., 1904, p. 279,
pl. xi., fig. 2.

This supposed species, founded upon a large male (and a small male not
quite similar), is, as a series in this collection shows, only a variety of
P. andersonianum. It differs from the type specimen figured by Wood-
Mason only in the following particulars :—

(1) The carapace is a little broader, its length being three-fourths of its

35

greatest breadth, and the areolation of the gastric region is slightly less distinct
in places ; its surface sculpture is rougher ;

(2) The front is narrower—a difference due to age; and its edge is more
sinuous, appearing faintly four-lobed ;

(3) The surface sculpture of the chelipeds is much rougher.

The largest specimen, a male, has a carapace 1+# inch long by 2: inches in
greatest breadth. A female slightly smaller carries about 150 eggs about
3 mm. in diameter.

25 No locality recorded. Captain Butler. 4 g,2 2.
aw Tonghoo, Burma. W. Theobald. 1g, 2 ¢.

12. Poramon (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM, var. ASPERATUM.

In this variety the entire carapace may be closely covered with minute
granules—the only point of difference.

5543 (Ganjam, Cachar Hills, \ ; Sod ,
10%" | about 4000 feet. f UNGER Sa 43,1 % (all young).

13. PoraMon (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM, var. MANIPURENSE.

In this variety the only difference is—(1) that the surface sculpture of the
carapace has a worn look, especially on the side-walls; and (2) that the edge of
the front is a little more sinuous—extremely faintly suggesting four lobes.

6923

Manipur Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. Gisele or

14. Poramon (PoTAMON) ANDERSONIANUM, var. TRITUM.

In this variety the surface sculpture is still more worn looking than in
No. 18, especially on the fore part of the side-walls; and the edge of the front
is as sinuous as it is in var. rangoonense, suggesting four lobes.

4075

7 Sheetee Hill, Kakhyen Hills. J. Anderson. ISOr

15. PoramMon (Poramon) EDwaARDsI, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 42.)

Telphusa edwardsi, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., Part II., 1871, p. 449, pl. xxvii.,
figs. 11-15.
Potamon (Potamon) edwardsi, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 274
(ubi lit.).
This species, as Wood-Mason stated, is closely allied to P. andersonianum.
The following are the points of difference :—
(1) The carapace is sparingly beset (more thickly on the after part of the
side-walls) with stiffish sete, and the edges of the legs are more setose ;
(2) The tubercles of the fore part of the side-walls are less distinct ;

36

(3) The carpus of the chelipeds has its anterior border much broader and
more inflated—the curious inflated border is one of the most characteristic
features of the species ;

(4) On the upper surface of the palm there are, in addition to the strong
serrations of its inner border, two or three rows of large pustulous or bullous
tubercles—another characteristic feature.

In other particulars this species agrees with andersonianum.

Length of carapace 14 inch, greatest breadth 1} inch.

6904 { Hotha, Yunan ; \
oy \Kakhyen Hills, Ponsee, Upper Burma. /

J. Anderson. { ; c \ types).

16. Poramon (PoTAMON) EDWARDSI, var. HiRTUM. (Fig. 48.)

In this variety the tufts of bristly setee on the dorsum of the carapace may
be so numerous as to give the specimen a harsh woolly feel, and the edges of
the legs are decidedly hirsute.

The pustule-like tubercles of the upper surface of the palm may be more
numerous and smaller.

Length of carapace 1 inch, greatest breadth 14 inch.

6961 cH Vee ‘ aes ~ (8 g,3 9
3° Sheetee Hill, Kakhyen Hills, Upper Burma. J. Anderson. \(types and cotypes).
— Hotha, Yunan. J. Anderson. gc

17. Poramon (PoTamon) HisprtpuM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 4.)

Telphusa hispida, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, XL., 1871, Part II., p. 452, pl. xxviii.,
ne aa hispidus, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI. 1904, p. 279 (ubé lit.).

This species resembles P. andersonianum and edwardsi in the shape and
proportions of the merus of the external maxillipeds, but differs in the following
particulars :—

(1) The carapace is broader, its length being slightly less than three-
fourths its greatest breadth ;

(2) The grooves of the dorsum of the carapace are broader and shallower,
the areolation of the gastric region is less distinct, and the surface sculpture is
more effaced ;

(3) The cervical groove, besides being more superficial, takes a wider
sweep so as to cut the post-orbital crests at a point almost outside the longi-
tude of the external orbital spine ;

(4) The post-orbital crests are lower and blunter ;

(5) The chelipeds have a much smoother surface.

Carapace with tufts of short setae both on dorsum and on side-walls ; its
length slightly less than three-fourths its greatest breadth, its depth about two-

37

fifths its length; flat behind the frontal slope. Gastric region well defined but
not well areolated, the fore-limit of the posterior lobe of the mesogastric sub-
region being indistinct. The epibranchial regions are somewhat vaguely divided
into four areole by a broad and shallow obliquely transverse depression, which
is crossed by an even shallower sinuous depression roughly parallel with the
cervical groove. The broad and superficial cervical groove cuts the post-
orbital crests at a point almost outside the line of the external orbital tooth.
The surface of the frontal and gastric regions is not distinctly rugose. The
usual oblique rugze of the antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions are
represented but indistinctly, as also are the ruge of the side-walls.

The epigastric crests are separated from the post-orbital crests by a fissure,
but form the very slight convexity of a common curve with them. The post-
orbital crests are rugose, depressed, and blunt, and they almost fade away
outside the point of intersection of the cervical groove.

Front little declivous, not one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace, its
edge well defined, smooth or faintly crenulate, sinuously four-lobed. External
orbital tooth not acute, separated from the lower border of the orbit by a notch.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace about equal in length with the postero-
lateral, raised, gently curved, beaded ; the lateral epibranchial tooth not salient.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is nearly twice as long as broad,
and the 7th is as long as broad.

Inter-antennular septum broad, formed about equally by epistome and front.
First (true 2nd) antennal joint squarish, the two succeeding joints in contact
with and covered by the front.

In the external maxillipeds the merus is of an irregular hexagonal shape,
and is just as long as broad. In other respects the mouth-parts are as
described for P. fluviatile var. ibericum, but the flagellum of the external
maxillipeds is small.

Except for their comparative smoothness, the chelipeds are of the P.
andersonianum style: that is to say, the carpus has its anterior edge somewhat
swollen and its dorsal surface consequently somewhat umbilicated, and the
fingers are broad so as not to gape when closed. The outer surface of the wrist
and hand are not smooth, but they are not tuberculous; under a lens they are
reticulate-rugulose.

The edges of the legs are thickly beset with tufts of stiff bristles; the
propodites are short and broad.

Length of carapace 1} inch, breadth 1} inch.

a Kakhyen Hills, Poonsee, Upper Burma. J. Anderson. 1 ¢ (type).
ae Kakhyen Hills, Poonsee, Upper Burma. jaAnderson, 1 Oe
ae Moung Sal, Mekhok R. Dr Gray, ie hoe

9

38

Group IIT. : pealianum group.

In this group--which includes P. pealianum, P. antennarium, P. tumidum,
P. turgidulum, and perhaps P. tumidulum—the cervical groove takes the same
course, and cuts the post-orbital crest at the same point, as in Groups I. and
II. ; but the carapace is deep (its depth being half its length) and has a marked
convexity fore and aft.

The species may be tabulated as follows :—

I. Front with a bilobed eminence immediately behind and parallel with its
ae ; size large :—
. Antennal peduncle in contact with edge of front as usual . . P. pealianum.
. Antennal peduncle quite clear of front : . P. antennarium.
II. No Aha aarge: bilobed eminence at edge of front; size saall? the adult
carapace about an inch long :—
i. Flagellum of exopodite of external maxillipeds of normal size :-—
1. Post-orbital crest blunt; 2nd ae of legs not longer than larger
a ee ; ; . P. tumidum.
. Post-orbital crest sharp; 2nd pair of oe teak Show larger
" eheliped : . . P. turgidulum.
. Flagellum of exopodite of pcteenal meliapeds atuenely short ;
poe. orbital crest thick, blunt, and wrinkled : : . P. tumidulum.

P. tumidulum should perhaps be placed in the section, or subgenus
Potamiscus, as the exopodite of the external maxillipeds has only a vestige of a
flagellum.

18. Poramon (PoTamMon) PEALIANUM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 44.)

Telphusa pealiana, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., 1871, pt. II., p. 204, pl. xiv., figs. 7-11.
Potamon (Potamon) pealianus, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 310 (wbi lit.).
This species differs from all the foregoing in the following particulars :—
(1) The carapace is deeper, its depth being half its length, and is very
much more convex fore and aft ;
(2) The edge of the front is vertically deflexed, and in a dorsal view is quite
concealed by a bilobed frontal eminence ;
(3) The propodites and dactyli of the legs are longer.

From the juviatile group it further differs—(4) in the much more distinctly
areolated carapace ; and (5) in the form and proportions of the merus of the
external maxillipeds, which is as long as broad and roughly hexagonal.

From the atkinsonianum group it further differs—(4) in the form and pro-
portions of the merus of the external maxillipeds, as above; (5) in the more
superficial grooving and less prominent sculpture of the carapace, the edge also
of the front and orbits being smooth, or nearly smooth, instead of crenulate ;
and (6) in the more salient lateral epibranchial tooth.

39

From the andersonianum group it further differs—(4) in the more superficial
grooving and smoother sculpture of the carapace ; (5) in the more salient lateral
epibranchial tooth ; and (6) in the much less rugose chelipeds.

Carapace about four-fifths as long as broad, and half (occasionally not
quite half) as deep as long, strongly convex fore and aft; its areolation is as
deseribed for andersonianum but all the grooves are more superficial. The
antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions is tuberculous or obliquely rugose,
the whole postero-lateral part is obliquely rugulose ; the side-walls are obliquely
rugose, and the well-defined suborbital lobes are very sparely granulous. The
cervical groove is distinct in all its course and cuts the post-orbital crests
broadly in the line of the inner angle of the external orbital tooth.

Front strongly deflexed, much less than one-third the greatest width of
the carapace; its edge is smooth, hardly sinuous, and in a dorsal view is
quite concealed by a pair of frontal eminences very similar in size and form to
the post-frontal crests. Of these frontal eminences there is no indication in
the fluviatile and atkinsonianum groups, and hardly a suggestion in the ander-
sonianum group. Upper border of orbit sinuous, nearly smooth ; outer orbital
tooth distinct but blunt, separated from lower border by a notch.

Antero-lateral margins of carapace longer than postero-lateral, raised,
gently curved, serrulate, slightly encroaching on dorsum posteriorly ; lateral
epibranchial tooth prominent.

The epigastric crests, though separated from the post-orbital crests by a
short groove, form the convexity of a common curve with the latter.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment varies from half
to nearly two-thirds its breadth, and the 7th segment is nearly as long as
broad.

Antennular fossee narrow; inter-antennular septum broad. The Ist (true
2nd) antennal joint is short and broad, and the two succeeding joints are
sometimes overlapped by and in contact with the front, and sometimes in
contact but not overlapped.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is roughly hexagonal and as long
as broad; in other respects the mouth-parts are as described under
IN@y Ue

Chelipeds little unequal; merus with crenulate edges, and an enlarged
spine inside the distal end of the inner lower border; carpus with dorsal
surface rugulose and fore border a little tumid, and with the usual bicuspid
spine at the inner angle; palm with outer surface rugulose and upper border
serrate; fingers broad, not gaping when closed ; proximal end of upper border
of dactylus serrulate.

Legs of the usual proportions, the 2nd (longest) pair not much surpassing
the chelipeds ; the dactyliare longer than their propodites, and the propodites

40

are rather long, those of the 1st and 4th pairs being twice as long as broad,
while those of the 2nd and 8rd pairs are more than two and a half times as long
as broad.

In the largest specimen the carapace is 1%; inch long, 114 inch broad, and
raths inch deep.

P. pealianum has been found in Assam and Upper Burma.

6413 (
: ao:
6958 Id
6960 a)
ee Sibsagar, Assam. S. E. Peal. 4 2s

o i
L004
a0 2
5509

509 9

10 aa
5511
10} ee
ee Kakhyen Hills. J. Anderson. 13,29.

19. PoraMon (PoTAMON) PEALIANUM, var. ANTENNARIUM.

In this “variety” (using the term “variety” without any implication) the
antennular fossee are wide fore and aft, and the inter-antennular septum is
formed chiefly by a process of the epistome ; again, the antennal peduncle stands
quite clear of the front, not being in contact with or at all overlapped by the
frontal margin.

The whole difference, remarkable though it is, is due to an overgrowth
of the epistomial portion of the inter-antennular septum, which pushes up the
front, and this overgrowth seems to occur (only) in old individuals of the
female sex.

Length of carapace 1}4 inch, breadth 2,°; inches, depth 3inds inch.

6946 : rn :
aya: No locality recorded. Captain Butler. 29.
6960 > {
ma pe
RR] Sibsagar, Assam. S. E. Peal. J
oe 5511 pete eagle i 1 2, with about a dozen
10 young attached.

This “variety” may be merely a matter of advanced age. I mention it,
however, as it is striking, and as the overlapping of the antenne, or otherwise,
by the front has been used as a generic character in this family.

41

20. Poramon (Poramon) Tumipum, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 45.)

Telphusa\tumida, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Society, Bengal, XL., 1871, pt. I., p. 453, pl. xxvii., figs. 6-10.
Potamon (Potamon) tumidus, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 312 (whi lit.).
This species differs from P. pealianum chiefly in the following particulars :—

(1) The front is much broader, and there is, at most, merely a suggestion of
a bilobed eminence behind its edge ;

(2) The epigastric crests are distinctly in advance of the post-orbital crests ;

(3) The epibranchial tooth is less prominent, as also is the outer orbital
tooth.

Carapace, length about riths the greatest breadth, depth half the length,
strongly convex fore and aft, areolated as in andersonianum, though the grooves
are more superficial. The frontal and anterior part of the gastric regions are
rugulose ; the usual tubercles or wrinkles occur on the anterior part of the
epibranchial regions; the postero-lateral margins are rugulose, the oblique
markings here running on to the sidewalls of the carapace where, anteriorly,
they pass into little groups of beady granules which also cover the pterygo-
stomian regions.

Front broad, more than one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
strongly deflexed, its edge smooth and hardly sinuous. External orbital tooth
obsolescent or merely an angle, confluent with the lower border of the orbit or
with only a vestige of an intervening gap.

Antero-lateral border of the carapace longer than the postero-lateral, raised,
crenulate, slightly curved. Lateral epibranchial tooth and the gap between it
and the outer orbital angle small and inconspicuous.

Epigastric crests more tumid than the post-orbital crests, and independent
and in advance of them. The post-orbital crests have a broken blunt edge, not
at all undermined or overhanging; they are cut by the cervical groove at the
usual point.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is about twice as broad as long, and
the 7th is as long as broad.

Antennular fosse narrow; septum broad. The 1st (true 2nd) antennal
joint is short and broad, the two succeeding joints are covered by and in
contact with the front.

The mandibles and maxillipeds conform to the description given under
P. fluviatile; the merus of the external maxillipeds is broader than long, but
its antero-external angle is not evenly rounded off.

Chelipeds a little unequal. The outer surface of merus and carpus and all
surfaces of the palm usually have a low subsquamiform sculpture. The edges
of the merus are crenulate. There is the usual spine at the inner angle of the
carpus, but it is short, coarse, and often rather obtuse. The upper edge of the

palm is subserrulate, and there are some small pustule-like tubercles on the
.

42

contiguous edge of the dactylus. The fingers are not in close apposition when
closed.

The legs are hardly longer than the chelipeds; the length of the propodite
of the 2nd and 3rd pairs is about twice its breadth; the dactyli are longer than
the propodites.

Length of carapace of apparent adults tiths inch, breadth 1, inch, depth
veths inch.

a Kakhyen Hills, Ponsee, Yunan. | 73,39.

sal Momein. 3163 2 2.

= Hotha, Yunan. . J. Anderson. / 96,4 9.

se Hotha, Yunan. 13,19 (types).
oe ? Darjiling. 26.

21. Poramon (Poramon) TurerpuLUM, Alcock. (Fig. 5.)

A small species resembling P. twmidum, but conspicuously differing from
that species by—(1) the indistinct and very superficial carapacial grooves ; (2)
the more elongate merus of the external maxillipeds ; and (3) the longer and
slenderer legs,

It is also very close to P. inornatum Rathbun, but cannot be said to have
the sub-branchial regions visible in a dorsal view.

Length of carapace a little more than four-fifths its greatest breadth, depth
usually a little more than half its length.

Carapace strongly convex fore and aft, areolated as in twmidum, but the
grooves are so superficial and so faint that they can only be made out by care-
ful illumination. Even the cervical groove is very faint anteriorly, except at
the usual point—in line with the inner angle of the external orbital tooth—
where it cuts the post-orbital crests.

The surface sculpture of the carapace is as described in P. tumidum, except
that the pterygostomian regions are less granulous.

Front not less than one-third greatest breadth of carapace, strongly
deflexed, its edge faintly crenulate and distinctly bilobed. External orbital
tooth distinct, separated from lower border of orbit by a very shallow
notch.

Lateral epibranchial tooth and notch between it and outer orbital tooth
conspicuous. Antero-lateral borders longer than postero-lateral, curved,
crenulate, raised. Postero-lateral borders obliquely rugulose.

Epigastric crests separated from post-orbital crests by an indistinct groove

43

and forming the convexity of a common curve with them. Post-orbital crests
prominent, with the edge distinctly defined.

Male abdomen with the 6th segment twice as broad as long, and the 7th
as long as broad.

Antennules and antenne as in ¢wmidum. Mouth-parts differing from those
of tumidum in that the merus of the external maxillipeds is quite as long as
broad.

Chelipeds as in twmidum, but the sculpture is crisper and the spine at the
inner angle of the carpus is longer and acute.

Legs long, the 2nd (longest) pair considerably longer than the chelipeds ;
in the 2nd and 3rd pairs the length of the propodite is more than twice its
breadth ; dactyli very long.

Length of carapace tiths inch, breadth 1;° inch, depth vsths inch.

One of the specimens is an egg-laden female, the eggs being few and nearly
3 mm. in diameter.

52

“= Burma. W. Theobald. il 562.

_ Upper Tennasserim. J. Wood-Mason. 1 2, 2 young.

ane Upper Tennasserim. J. Wood-Mason. 1 young @ (prob. this sp.).

22, Poramon (Poramon?) rumiputum, Alcock. (Fig. 6.)

This species appears to be related to tum idum and turgidulum, but it differs
from them and goes near to the Potamiscus subgenus in having only a vestige
of a flagellum to the exopodite of the external maxillipeds.

Carapace : length about four-fifths greatest breadth, depth half the length,
convex fore and aft. The cervical groove is well graven in all its course and
breaks the post-orbital crest at a point in the longitude of the inner limit of the
external orbital tooth. The mesogastric and epigastric areol are distinctly,
if superficially, defined. The epibranchial regions are bisected by a strong
obliquely-transverse groove, and are again divided by an indistinct depression
that skirts the cervical groove. Antero-lateral region of the carapace rugulose ;
postero-lateral borders crossed by short faint ripples; side-walls with almost
effaced ripple-markings.

Front, in adult, less than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
strongly deflexed, its edge smooth ; broadly bilobed in a dorsal view. External
orbital tooth small, separated from lower border of orbit by a shallow gap.
Antero-lateral borders raised, crenulate ; epibranchial tooth distinct.

Epigastric crests rugulose, more tumid than the post-orbital crests and
independent of and slightly in advance of them. Post-orbital crests broad,
blunt, rugose, with a coarse, ill-defined edge; they are cut by the cervical

44

groove at the usual point, outside which they are low and quite confused with
the wrinkles of the carapace.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is nearly twice as broad as long, and
the 7th is nearly as long as broad.

Palp of mandibles simple. Merus of external maxillipeds nearly as long
as broad ; the exopodite of these appendages with only a vestige of a flagellum.

Chelipeds a little unequal, the extensor surface pitted and uneven rather
than rugulose ; spine at inner angle of carpus coarse but sharp; fingers as long
as palm, fluted and pitted. Legs (1st and 2nd pairs) about as long as chelipeds ;
dactyli longer than propodites ; propodites not twice as long as broad.

Carapace of an adult female {ths inch long, just over 1 inch broad,
reths inch deep.

5507 :
Doe Sikkim. J. Wood-Mason. 1 g, 2. (types of the species).

Group IV.: austenianum group.

As in Groups I., II., and III, the cervical groove cuts the post-orbital
crests at a point in the longitude of the inner angle of the external orbital
tooth, and as in Group IT. the merus of the external maxillipeds is as long as
broad. Though the carapace as a whole is flat behind the frontal slope, the
anterior part of the epibranchial regions is distinctly convex. But the
characteristic feature in this group are the long slender legs, the propodites of
the two middle pairs being three or four times as long as broad.

1. Areolation of carapace distinct ; breadth of front, in adult, more than

a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace . - c . P. austenianum.
2. Areolation of carapace indistinct; front, in adult, less than a fourth
the greatest breadth of the carapace. : 5 : . P. simulum.

23. Potamon (Potamon) austenianum, Wood-Mason.

Telphusa austeniana, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, XL., part II., 1871, p. 208, pl. xiii.
Potamon austenianus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 287 (ubi lit.).

There is no specimen of this species in the collection. The species, which
is found at Cherra Punji, differs from all its congeners except P. sémulum in the
enormous length of the legs. The characters which distinguish it from P.
simulum are given in detail with the description of the latter species.

24, Poramon (Poramon) stmuLum, Alcock. (Fig. 7.)

This species is distinguishable from all its fellows of the subgenus, except
P. austenianum, by the long slender legs.

It seems to differ from P. austenianum in the following particulars :—

(1) The carapace is shorter and wider ;

45

(2) The areolation of the carapace is much less distinct; the cervical
groove, though broad, is quite superficial anteriorly ; the transverse oblique
depression subdividing the epibranchial regions can be felt rather than seen ;
and though the mesogastric furrow separating the epigastric crests is deep and
very distinct and the epigastric areolee are tumid, the sub-divisions of the gastric
region are not otherwise perceptible ;

(3) The front is very much narrower, is vertically deflexed, and though its
surface is finely rugulose in places it is not raised into any distinct eminences ;

(4) The antero-lateral margins are more strongly curved and their serra-
tions form a continuous series, not interrupted by a distinct gap, with the
external orbital tooth ;

(5) The legs, though long and slender, are not so long; the individual joints
are not so slender, for instance, in the 2nd and 38rd pairs the propodites are
only three and a half times as long as broad.

Length of carapace little more than two-thirds the greatest breadth, depth
little more than two-fifths the length.

Carapace decidedly convex behind the frontal slope; the gastric region is
well defined as is the tip of the mesogastric sub-region, but there is no other
distinct areolation. On the antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions there
are oblique lines of granules and a few small tubercles ; similar oblique lines of
granules cover the side-walls of the carapace, but the well-defined sub-orbital
lobes and the pterygostomian regions are almost smooth; and the dorsum of
the carapace inside the epibranchial striz is very smooth. The cervical groove
is deep-cut posteriorly, but broad and very superficial anteriorly, except where
it breaks through the post-orbital crests at the usual spot in line with the inner
angle of the external orbital tooth.

Front narrow, not one-fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace in the
adult, very strongly deflexed, square-cut, its edge well-defined and faintly
sinuous. Upper edge of orbit sinuous. External orbital tooth well defined,
separated from the lower border of the orbit by a deep gap.

Antero-lateral margins of carapace hardly as long as the postero-lateral,
strongly arched, cristiform, and rather irregularly serrulate ; lateral epibranchial
tooth distinct, but the gap between it and the orbit is not conspicuous above the
neighbouring interserrations. Postero-lateral borders markedly convergent aft,
crossed by a few very fine strive.

Epigastric crests separated from the post-orbital crests by a short notch
and almost in the same straight line with the post-orbital crests; both sets of
crests are well defined and have a finely rugulose edge.

Antennular fossee narrow; so strongly deflexed is the front that their
opening is horizontal. Basal (true 2nd) antennal joint short and broad, the
succeeding joints covered by the front.

46

Mandibular palp normal. All the maxillipeds have a long flagellum to the
exopodites. In the external maxillipeds the merus has a me defined apex,
and is as long as broad.

Chelipeds unequal, of somewhat fine make, their surface very finely
rugulose. The merus has crenulate edges, and a tooth just inside the inner
lower border, towards the distal end, is much enlarged. The carpus has the
usual bicuspidate spine at its inner angle; its upper surface is not sunken, nor
is its anterior border inflated. The fingers gape when closed.

The legs are long—but not longer than the larger cheliped—and slender ;
in the 1st and 4th pair the length of the propodite is two and a half times, in
the 2nd and 3rd pair three and a half times its breadth.

The only specimen is a female, whose carapace is 1;°; inch long, 113 inch
broad, and ;°;ths inch deep.

6914

&:
f)

Burma. W. Theobald. eh

Group V.: larnaudii and stoliczkanum group.

In this group, which includes, among exotic species, P. larnaudii, P.
brevimarginatum, and P. stoliczkanum, and, among species appertaining to
the British-Indian raj, P. manii, P. pruinosum, P. turgidulimanus, and P.
thagatense, the cervical groove does not distinctly cleave the post-orbital crests ;
but it either becomes indistinct before reaching the crests, or, if it be distinct,
it runs nearly up to the crests, and then may either ran behind them almost up
to the lateral epibranchial tooth, or else is lost in the neighbouring rugee.

The Indian species and those most nearly related to them may be
tabulated as follows, exotic species being included in square brackets :—

I. The tubercles and wrinkles of the dorsum of the carapace are chiefly
confined to the antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions :—
1. Post-orbital crests broken into tubercles at their outer end;
merus of external maxillipeds as long as broad . : . LP. larnaudii.}
2. The post-orbital crests are continued without break into the
lateral epibranchial teeth ; merus of external maxillipeds broader
than long 2 . P. mani.
II. Anterior third or half of the carapace thickly tiberoulous and rugose ;
merus of external maxillipeds broader than long :—
1. A gap between the outer angle of the orbit and the lower border
of the orbit :—

i, Cervical groove deep and distinct : : . LP. brevimarginatum.}
. Cervical groove very indistinct anteriorly . | . P. pruinosum.
2: No gap below the outer angle of the orbit % . P. turgidulimanus.

III. The surface of the carapace is almost free of tubercles and wren 3
post-orbital crests continuous with the lateral epibranchial teeth :—
1. Edge of front two-lobed; no distinct break between the epi-
gastric and post-orbital crests. . [P. stoliczkanum.]
2. Edge of front four-lobed ; a distinct break beer een ihe epi-
gastric and post-orbital crests. - . ‘ . _P. thagatense.

47

Poramon (Potamon) LARNAuDU, A. Milne Edwards.

Telphusa larnaudii, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris, V., 1869, p. 166, pl. x., fig. 4.
Potamon (Potamon) larnaudii, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 275, pl. x.,
fig. 7 (whi lit.).

This species differs from all the preceding in the fact that the cervical
groove does not cut the post-orbital crests. The post-orbital crests are, indeed,
usually ragged or broken into tubercles near their outer end, but not by the
cervical groove. The cervical groove which is deep posteriorly, becomes broad,
superficial, and then faint anteriorly, and so far as it can be traced it runs to
the lateral epibranchial tooth, without branching to cut off a lobe of the
post-orbital crest. Another character, upon which Miss Rathbun lays stress, is
the breadth of the posterior lobe of the mesogastric areola, which is a third (in
large individuals not quite a third) the breadth of the carapace.

Carapace slightly convex fore and aft, its length a little over three-fourths its
greatest breadth, its depth about three-sevenths its length. The gastric region
is not particularly weli defined from the epibranchial regions anteriorly ; the
anterior part of the mesogastric region is very narrow. There is no very
distinct areolation of the epibranchial regions. The surface of the carapace is
profusely pitted; the anterior part of the frontal region is granulous, the
epigastric crests are rugulose, and there are some tubercles and_ oblique
wrinkles on the antero-lateral part of the epibranchial regions, but otherwise
the dorsum is very smooth ; the side-walls of the carapace are marked with fine
oblique rugee, which also invade the postero-lateral borders; the suborbital
lobes are smooth or sparsely granulous ; the pterygostomian regions are smooth
or at most granulous along the outer edge.

The front in adults is Jess than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace ;
its edge is smooth, well defined, and broadly bilobed, the iobes being sometimes
a little simuous. The outer orbital tooth is well defined and is separated from
the lower border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of the carapace about as long as the postero-lateral,
well defined, gently curved, rather irregularly crenulate. Lateral epibranchial
tooth distinct.

The epigastric crests are oblique, but their outer end is in the same line
with the post-orbital crests; they are separated from the latter by a groove.
The post-orbital crests are nearly transverse, almost trenchant except at their
outer end, where they are rugose or actually broken up into tubercles; the
cervical groove does not cut them.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is between half and two
thirds its greatest breadth, and the 7th segment is not quite as long as broad.

In the external maxillipeds the merus is as long as, or nearly as long as,
broad, otherwise the mouth-parts are as in P. fluviatile.

48

Chelipeds a little unequal, their outer surface rugulose, inclining to be
granulous along the inner border of the carpus and upper border of the palm ;
edges of merus crenulate; the usual bicuspid spine is present at the inner
angle of the carpus; the fingers gape slightly when closed, and there are some
granules at the base of the upper border of the dactylus.

Legs about as long as chelipeds; in the 2nd and 3rd pairs the propodite is
more than twice as long as broad.

In the single specimen, a male, the carapace is 13 inch long, 2 inches
broad, and not quite éths inch deep.

Distribution : Siam, Cochin China.

ghee Bangkok. J. Wood-Mason. 1

This species does not belong to the fauna of British India, but I include a
description of it in this memoir for several reasons of practical utility, and also
because by other authors it has been reckoned as Indian.

25. PoraAmMon (PoTamMon) MANU, Rathbun. (Fig. 46.)

Potamon (Potamon) manii, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 276 (whi syn.),
pl. xi., fig. 6.

This species is very like P. larnaudii, and Dr de Man, who originally
described it, regarded it as a variety of that species.

The following are the differences compared with P. /arnaudii :—The
carapace is distinctly broader (adults being compared), owing to the stronger
curve of the antero-lateral borders.

The cervical groove is similar in that it—(a) is deep and narrow where it
limits the mesogastric lobule; and (%) broadens out remarkably beyond this
point ; and (c) does not cut the post-orbital crest ; but the expanded part of the
groove is deeper, and beyond the expansion the groove is well graven almost up
to the lateral epibranchial spine. The comparative difference is well shown in
Miss Rathbun’s figures.

The anterior part of the mesogastric areola is even narrower.

The sides of the front are less oblique and make a more pronounced angle
with the free edge; the edge, again, is more sinuous, and is often, in fact, quite
distinctly four-lobed.

The post-orbital crest usually runs clear and sharp into the lateral
epibranchial tooth, without breaking into tubercles.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is broader than long.

The legs are decidedly shorter than the chelipeds ; in the 2nd and 38rd pairs
the propodite is only twice as broad as long.

The fingers of the chelipeds are stouter.

The 7th abdominal segment of the male is as long as broad.

49

In the largest specimen the carapace is 1/4 inch long, 2;%; inches broad,

and +éths inch deep.

9
6723 Tavoy.

2990-95
10
5435
Hoy |
5461 |
ie)
5457
TORE
5462
LOW
5477
TO
5479
TO
5539
SON
5480
WO}:
No
number.

Tavoy.

Amherst.

Dawna Hills, Lower Burma.

Upper Tennasserim.

Hills between Burma and Siam.

Upper Tennasserim.

Museum Collector.

A. R. S. Anderson,

N. Annandale,

Museum Collector.

J. Wood-Mason.

Museum Collector.

J. Wood-Mason.

7 3,109, 3 young.
3g,3 2.
13,29.

3 2, one with eggs.
Sigiero ore

Ue) 25 Wc

1 g,1 9,8 young.
G5 Se
23,29.

I! Bip ss)

4 3, 11 young.

The following specimens, which ditfer in having the antero-lateral borders
of the carapace not so strongly arched, and the anterior part of the cervical
groove not quite so distinct, must undoubtedly be referred to this species :—

| Ot
(2)
Go

or
oF oO Re

|

i
Cc

J

Burma.

Tavoy.

Tennasserim.

W. Theobald.

Museum Collector.

A. R. S. Anderson

J. Wood-Mason.

55,2 9.

1¢.

1 3, 2 young.

1 young.

10 g, 12 2, 9 young.
Ib iq Ihe

I¢.

As far as I can make out, P. manii is the species which, in India, has

been called P. larnaudit.

PoraMon (POTAMON) BREVIMARGINATUM, de Man.

Potamon (Potamon) brevimarginatus, de Man, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv, du Muséum, Paris (4), VI.,
1904, p. 277 (ubi lit.), pl. x., fig. 8.

Differs from P. larnaudii in the following particulars :—
The cervical groove, which, as in /arnaudii, does not cut through the post-

G

50

orbital crests, but ends vaguely in the rugz that le between them and the
lateral epibranchial tooth, is deeper graven, so that the gastric region is very
clearly delimited from the epibranchial regions throughout.

The epibranchial regions are quite distinctly areolated—(a) by an obliquely
transverse furrow near the middle; and (4) by a sinuous groove which skirts
the cervical groove.

The whole frontai region is granulous or rugose; the epigastric crests are
more rugose; nearly the anterior half of the gastric region is transversely
rugose; all the anterior half of the lateral epibranchial regions is obliquely
rugose; and the postero-lateral borders and their vicinity are abundantly
crossed by rugee.

The edge of the front is more sinuous, its lateral free angles are also more
pronounced,

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are decidedly shorter than the
postero-lateral.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is broader than long.

The chelipeds are more crisply rugose, and the fingers are stouter and
heavier.

The 7th abdominal segment of the male is slightly longer than broad, and
very blunt.

In the largest specimen (a male) the carapace is 1,%; inch long, 1,5; inch
broad, and ;;ths inch deep.

2
3617. A Sing Karah, Sumatra. Prof. Max Weber. Sh Gey ILO

This species also does not belong to the fauna of British India; but as forms
which might be regarded as varieties of it occur in Burma, I include a diagnosis
of it here.

26. Poramon (Poramon) prurnosum, Alcock. (Fig. 8.)

This species resembles Potamon larnaudii more especially in the following
particulars :—The cervical groove is deep and distinct where it defines the
posterior part of the gastric region; beyond this point it broadens out and
becomes shallow; and beyond the expansion it becomes indistinct (but even
more indistinct than in /arnaudiz), and is lost in the rugosities of the antero-
lateral part of the epibranchial regions without cutting the post-orbital crests.
The epibranchial regions are, anteriorly, not well demarcated from the gastric
region, nor are they distinctly areolated. The antero-lateral borders of the
carapace (measured from the tip of the lateral-epibranchial tooth) are barely
as long as the postero-lateral.

On the other hand, it resembles Potamon brevimarginatum in the following

51

particulars :—The frontal region is tuberculous, as is the anterior half of the
gastric region and the anterior half of the epibranchial regions; and the trans-
verse ruge that cross the postero-lateral borders are very abundant. The
epigastric crests are very strongly rugulose—the ruge being transverse.
The chelipeds are crisply and abundantly rugose; and their fingers, which
are of stout and heavy make, do not gape when closed.

Its own differentize are as follows :—The carapace is slightly deeper and
more convex. The numerous tubercles of the anterior part of the dorsum of
the carapace are very prominent and often have a whitish pearly lustre, as have
the rugosities of the epigastric and post-orbital crests. The epigastric crests
and the post-orbital crests form a common curve, the convexity of which is
eatremely slight. The edge of the front is slightly sinuous, but the free lateral
angles are not pronounced.

The following is a description of the species :—

Carapace deep, its depth being about half its length; decidedly convex
fore and aft, solid-looking; its length not quite three-fourths its greatest
breadth.

Except posteriorly, the gastric region is badly defined, and except for the
very narrow fore-lobe of the mesogastric area, which deeply separates the tumid
epigastric crests, this region is not areolated.

Except posteriorly, where it delimits the mesogastric area, the cervical
groove is extremely superficial and indistinct.

There is no distinct areolation of the epibranchial regions.

The frontal region is thickly beset with small white pearly tubercles, which
tend to collect in a pair of transverse swellings like those of P. pealianum; the
epigastric and post-orbital crests have their edge broken by many elongate,
transverse and oblique, white imbricating tubercles ; similar tubercles or raised
rows of pearly granules cover the anterior half of the epibranchial and gastric
regions. The side-walls of the carapace are beset with fine oblique rugee, which
abundantly invade the postero-lateral borders, all the rugee being very finely
beaded. The suborbital lobes and the outer limits of the pterygostomian
regions are finely granulous.

The front in the adult is less than a third the greatest breadth of the
carapace and is much deflexed; its edge is well defined, almost smooth, and
faintly smuous. The outer orbital tooth is well marked, and is separated from
the lower border of the orbit by a broad, shallow gap. The antero-lateral
borders are hardly as long as the postero-lateral; they are well defined,
finely crenulate, and very gently curved; the lateral epibranchial tooth is
distinct.

The epigastric crests, though separated from the post-orbital crests by a
fissure, form a continuous and very slightly convex curve with them. The post-
orbital crests are ragged at their outer end, but they are not distinctly cut by

the cervical groove as they are in all the preceding species except P. /arnaudir
and brevimarginatum.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is between half and
two-thirds its greatest breadth ; that of the 7th is equal to its greatest breadth.

The antenne and mouth-parts are normal; the merus of the external
maxillipeds is a little broader than long.

The chelipeds are subequal; the outer surface of the merus and carpus is
crisply rugulose, the rugee being elegantly beaded; the outer surface of the
palm and the lower part of its inner surface are studded with shiny conical
granules, often in pairs; the inner angle of the carpus is produced into the
usual bicuspid spine; the fingers are longer than the palm, and they hardly
gape when closed.

Legs about as long as the chelipeds; their dactyli are much longer than
their propodites, and in the 2nd and 38rd pairs the propodites are two and a half
times as long as broad.

In the largest specimen, a female, the carapace is 1,° inch long, 1,% inch
broad, and ;iths inch deep.

672354
ae | 7immature ¢, 1 2,12 young.
any OW Tavoy. Museum Collector.
5488 7 on
0: 2 immature @.
5531 { Hills between Burma | : A : A
0" \ Geen i Donor (?). 1 g,1 2 immature.

—

27. Poramon (PoraMon) TURGIDULIMANUS, Alcock. (Fig. 9.)

This small species is distinguished by the absence of any gap between the
external orbital tooth and the lower border of the orbit. I regard this as a
character of some importance, as this gap is almost characteristic of Potamon,
and its absence is almost characteristic of Parate/phusa—not that this species
has anything to do with the latter genus. Another character is that the palms,
especially that of the larger cheliped, have a fullness or puftiness of the lower
part of the outer surface.

The cervical groove and the areolation of the epibranchial regions are
almost as distinct as in brevimarginatum.

The frontal region, the epigastric and post-orbital crests, and the anterior
half of the gastric and epibranchial regions are rugulose as in brevimarginatum.

The epigastric crests sometimes form an almost straight line with the post-
orbital crests as in pruénosum, and sometimes are slightly advanced and oblique.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are slightly longer than in
brevimarginatum.

The chelipeds are sometimes as crisply rugose as those of brevimarginatum
and pruinosum, but sometimes the sculpture looks worn and effaced.

53

Carapace deepish, decidedly convex fore and aft, its length about three-
fourths its greatest breadth, its depth approaching half its length, its anterior
third to half is as rugose as that of brevimarginatum and pruinosum, its areola-
tion is like that of brevimarginatum but fainter; the side-walls, suborbital
lobes, and pterygostomian regions are abundantly rugose.

Front, in the adult male, one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
its surface granulous, its edge faintly bilobed and sinuous.

Outer orbital tooth obsolete, merely a callosity ; no gap between it and the
lower border of the orbit.

Epigastric and post-orbital crests blunt and rugose, forming a single
curve, but separated from one another; post-orbital crests not cut by the
cervical groove, but not continuous with the lateral epibranchial tooth.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is between half
and two-thirds its greatest breadth, and the 7th segment is as long as
broad.

Mouth-parts normal; merus of external maxillipeds broader than long.

Chelipeds unequal, their extensor surface rugose ; the palm, especially that
of the larger cheliped, is somewhat swollen in its lower outer part, and the
fingers, which are shorter than the palm, gape somewhat.

Legs about as long as the chelipeds; edges of propodite and dactylus
rather hirsute.

In the largest specimen, a female, the carapace is just over {ths inch
long, just over 1 inch broad, and just over ‘ths inch deep, A smaller
specimen than this has eggs in its pouch.

Ex = 6 3,5 2
5498 nae é , ‘
TOF. Upper Tennasserim. J. Wood-Mason. yO in 3) Oe
5553
“10 - | i @.

Poramon (Poramon) stoLiczkaNum, Wood-Mason.

Telphusa stoliczkana, Wood-Mason, Journal Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., part II., 1871, p. 199, pl. xii., figs. 8-12.
Potamon (Potamonautes) stoliczkanus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VII., 1905,
p. 187 (ubi lit.), not fig. 7, pl. xv., in Tom, ‘VI.

In this species the mandibular palp, as in all the preceding species, is quite
simple, not bilobed. The species has no close relations with P. cunicularis,
guerini, and planatus, but, as Dr de Man mentions, comes very near P.
larnaudii.

Carapace slightly convex fore and aft, its length about three-fourths its
greatest breadth, its depth somewhat more than two-fifths its length, its surface
finely pitted but otherwise remarkably smooth, there being only a few short

54

obscure wrinkles near the antero-lateral borders and some fine short striations
across the postero-lateral borders,

Gastric region well defined, but, except for the furrow-like continuation of
the fore-lobe of the mesogastric area, not areolated. Cervical groove distinct
but broad and superficial, becoming lost just behind the post-orbital crests.
Epibranchial regions not distinctly areolated, but broken by broad ill-defined
depressions.

Epigastric crests blunt and wrinkled, continuous with the almost trenchant
post-orbital crests ; these latter are quite transverse and curve forwards distally
to join the lateral epibranchial tooth.

Front, in adult, not much more than one-fourth the greatest breadth of the
carapace, moderately deflexed, deeply bilobed, the lobes not making an angle
with the orbit. Outer orbital angle well marked, separated from the lower
border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of the carapace not cristiform, rather irregularly
crenulate ; lateral epibranchial tooth fairly distinct.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is a little more
than half its greatest breadth, and the 7th segment is not quite as long as
broad.

The exopodites of the maxillipeds have strong flagella. The merus of the
external maxillipeds is a little broader than long.

“The chelipeds are greatly unequal in males and subequal in females ;
the meropodites are rugose and have a few hairs near the base of the posterior
angle ; the carpopodites are rugose above, and bear a strong sharp spine in the
usual position and beneath it a smaller one; the pincers are multidentate and
their arms cross at the extremities.”

“The ambulatory legs are very long.

In the largest specimen the carapace is 1,5 inch long, 1/% inch broad, and
reths inch deep.

?

4063

ri Penang. F. Stoliczka. 1 g, 1 9, types of the species.

28. Poramon (PoTAMON) THAGATENSE, Rathbun. (Fig. 47.)

Potamon (Potamon) thagatensis, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VI., 1904, p. 296
(ubi synon.).

This species (the “ Zelphusa stoliczkana” of de Man) is nearest to P. stolicz-
kanum, Wood-Mason.

The carapace is flat ; its length is about three-fourths its greatest breadth,
its depth just exceeds two-fifths its length ; its surface is pitted, but is otherwise
remarkably smooth.

a5

Gastric region well defined by a deep-cut cervical groove which, however,
becomes suddenly indistinct just behind the post-orbital crests. Except for the
furrow-like continuation of the mesogastric area there is no areolation of the
gastric region, but the epibranchial region is very distinctly bisected by an
oblique groove.

Epigastric crests sharp, forming a common curve with the trenchant,
obliquely-directed post-orbital crests, but separated from them by a short break.
The post-orbital crests are continuous with the well-defined lateral epibranchial
tooth,

Front, in adults, between one-fourth and one-third the greatest breadth of
the carapace, considerably deflexed, its edge remarkably sinuous in four distinct
lobes, the outer of which form strongly pronounced angles with the orbits.
Upper orbital margin sinuous ; outer orbital tooth salient, separated from the
lower border of the orbit by a wide notch.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace crenulate, not cristiform; lateral epi-
branchial tooth distinct.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment is half its greatest
breadth, and the 7th segment is hardly as long as broad.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is slightly broader than long. The
mandibular palp is simple; the exopodites of all the maxillipeds have a strong
flagellum.

Chelipeds of adult male greatly, of female not very greatly, unequal; their
surface is pitted, but is otherwise remarkably smooth ; inner angle of carpus
with the usual bicuspid spine; fingers about as long as palm, those of the larger
cheliped gaping when the tips are apposed.

Legs about as long as the smaller cheliped ; the dactyli are longer than the
propodites ; in the 2nd and 3rd pairs the propodites are about twice as long as
broad.

In the largest male the carapace is lit inch long, 2:5 inches broad, and
iiths inch deep.

z = Mergui. Dr J. Anderson. 2 SL Qi

29. Poramon (Poramon), (sp. ?)

A single small, but undoubtedly adult, female from Persia or Baluchistan
appears to belong to the /arnaudii group. The carapace is tiths inch long and
1 inch broad. It is not any variety of Potamon fluviatile, and if it is normal it

represents a species of the /arnaudit group.
5472

a0 S. Persia or Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford. Or

56

Subgenus II.: Poramiscus, Alcock.
Type: Potamiscus annandalii.

In this group or subgenus the exopodite of the external maxillipeds is
either non-flagellate or carries only a papillar vestige of a flagellum.
The species may be tabulated as follows :—
1. Epigastric crests distinct ; post-orbital crests merged in the rugosities of
the carapace ; cervical groove quile indistinct anteriorly : . PP. sikkimense.
2. Epigastric crests distinct ; post-orbital crests very broad and blunt, but
quite distinct ; cervical groove distinct in all its course. : . P. twnidulum.

3. Epigastrie crests distinct, not or hardly separated from the almost
trenchant post-orbital crests ; cervical groove indistinct anteriorly . P. annandali.

30. PoramMon (POTAMISCUS) SIKKIMENSE, Rathbun. (Fig. 48.)

Potamon (Geotelphusa) sikkimensis, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, Paris (4), VII., 1905, p. 219,
vi., pl. xviii., fig. 7.

Carapace: length slightly exceeds three-fourths breadth, depth equals
half length; decidedly convex fore and aft; its surface abundantly pocked ;
the frontal, post-frontal, post-orbital, and antero-lateral regions rugose; the
side-walls with fine oblique striz, which also pass across the postero-
lateral borders.

Oniy that part of the cervical groove which delimits the mesogastric
area is deep-graven, the rest of the groove delimiting the gastric region
from the epibranchial regions being a faint shallow depression. The fore-lobe
of the mesogastric areola is well defined, the median groove being prolonged
almost to the edge of the front.

Epigastric crests bluntly tumid, rugose; post-orbital crests somewhat
confused with the rugosities of the carapace.

Front one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace, declivous, square-cut,
but with the angles rounded, very faintly bilobed in a dorsal view only.

The lower border of the orbit runs into the upper border, without gap or
tooth, or only a small tooth.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace well defined, irregularly crenulate ; the
position of the very small epibranchial tooth is chiefly marked by a small break.

In the adult male abdomen the 6th segment is nearly twice as broad as
long, and the 7th segment is as long as broad.

Mandibular palp simple. Exopodite of external maxillipeds non-
flagellate ; the meropodite of these appendages about as long as broad.

Chelipeds a little unequal in the male, almost equal in the adult female ;
their extensor surface squami-rugose ; spine at inner angle of carpus coarse

57

but sharp, its lower cusp also coarse ; fingers quite as long as palm, fluted and
pitted, the upper border of the dactylus with some vesiculous granules.

Legs slender; the first two pairs do not reach the tip of the larger
cheliped ; dactyli longer than their propodites, the latter about twice as long
as broad.

In a full-grown female the carapace is ;’sths inch long, }iths inch broad,
and .3,ths inch deep.

—— Dow Hill, Kurseong. E. Pegler.

es Kurseong, 5000 ft. Museum Collector. 8 $,5 2 (3 with eggs).
a Kurseong, 4000 to 5000 ft. E. Barlow. oF Gp es

a Dafla Hills. Donor (2). 1g.

oe Ajmere, Rajputana. Sir O. B. St John 1g, 19%,

ae Kurseong, 5000 ft. Ne Annandale. Bigs) O.

N.B.—The specimens from Ajmere are indistinguishable from those
from Kurseong.

31. Poramon (POTAMISCUS) SIKKIMENSE, Rathbun, var.

In this variety the epigastric crests are not more prominent, but the
post-orbital crests are not so much lost in the rugosities of the carapace.
Also the anterior part of the cervical groove, bounding the gastric and
epibranchial regions, is more distinct, and, in fact, becomes quite recognisable
as a groove where it cuts the post-orbital crests.

es Sharping, Nepal. Museum Collector. IS) fee 5 GY De

32. Poramon (Poramiscus) ANNANDALI, Alcock. (Fig. 10.)

This species superficially resembles Potamon pedlianum, but in addition
to other differences has external maxillipeds with a non-flagellate exopodite.

Carapace: length between three-quarters and four-fifths greatest breadth,
depth half length, strongly convex fore and aft. The mesogastric area is
distinctly defined anteriorly and posteriorly, and the pair of small oval facets
between the gastric and cardiac regions is present, but there are no other
grooves on the carapace, even the cervical groove being restricted to the
curve that delimits the mesogastric area posteriorly. The surface of the
carapace is smooth except for some fine pitting, and—just inside the antero-

lateral borders—some almost effaced wrinkles ; the side-walls have the usual
H

58

oblique squamiform markings, and the well-defined suborbital lobes are
sparsely rugose.

Front strongly deflexed, less than a third the greatest breadth of the
carapace, its edge smooth and slightly sinuous; immediately behind its free
edge is a pair of lumpy elevations much like those of Potamon pealianum.
Upper edge of orbit sinuous, smooth ; external orbital tooth distinct but not
salient, the notch between it and the lower border of the orbit almost
obsolete.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace raised, gently curved, crenulate ;
epibranchial tooth distinct but obtuse.

Epigastric and post-orbital crests strongly and sharply defined ; usually
they run an oblique and slightly sinuous course, without break or fissure, from
the middle line to the lateral epibranchial tooth, with which they are
continuous, but sometimes they are obscurely notched near the line of the
inner angle of the orbit, and also near the outer angle of the orbit.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is twice as broad as long, and the
7th is as long as broad.

Antennular fossee narrow; Ist (true 2nd) antennal joint short and broad.
the succeeding joints overlapped by the front.

Palp of mandible simple. Exopodite of external maxillipeds longer
than ischium, without a flagellum or with only a vestige of one; merus of
external maxillipeds about as long as broad.

Chelipeds a little unequal; merus with serrulate edges and with
squamiform granuies on its outer surface; carpus with squamiform wrinkles
on its exposed surfaces and small tubercles along its inner edge, and with the
usual buttressed spine at its inner angle; upper and outer surface of palm,
and base of upper surface of dactylus, studded with small tubercles; palm of
larger cheliped nearly as high as long and somewhat inflated ; fingers stoutish,
fluted and pitted, about as long as palm, not gaping much when closed.

Legs fairly stout, 2nd (longest) pair as long as chelipeds; dactyli. longer
than their propodites, propodites of 2nd and 8rd pairs more than twice as long
as broad.

In the largest female the carapace is 1 inch long, 14 inch broad, and
slightly over $ inch deep.

8595-6609 9¢
ea28 oa) Nemotha, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. : z o 3 6
9 (ineluding types)
5453 : igs
0° Nemotha, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. TO

PoraMon (Poramiscus ?) TUMIDULUM, Alcock.

This species, from Sikkim, has already been described (see p. 48). The
flagellum of the exopodite of the external maxillipeds is a mere vestige, and

59

the post-orbital crests are coarse and blunt without any distinct edge ; but in
other respects it agrees more nearly with P. twmidum and turgidulum. More
specimens are wanted in order to fix the position of the species.

ae Sikkim. J. Wood-Mason. gin 2 2:

Subgenus III.: GroreLpHusa, Stimpson.

Type: Geotelphusa dehaanii, Stimpson.

Geotelphusa, Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., x., 1858.
Geotelphusa (part), Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 200 (whé lit.).

In Geotelphusa dehaanii, which is one of the two species upon which
Stimpson founded his genus Geote/phusa, the terminal joint of the mandibular
palp is simple, the 6th segment of the male abdomen is much broader than long,
and the exopodite of the external maxillipeds has a strong flagellum.

Stimpson’s diagnosis is “Near Telphusa; post-frontal crest obsolete,
antero-lateral margin entire.”

Among the species conforming to Stimpson’s diagnosis there are : (1) some
like ‘ Potamon” lwve—that have the terminal joint of the mandibular palp
bifurcate and the 6th segment of the male abdomen as long as its distal breadth ;
(2) others—like P. sikkimense—that have the terminal joint of the mandibular
palp simple, the 6th segment of the male abdomen much broader than long, and
the exopodite of the external maxillipeds non-flagellate ; and (3) others still—
like P. dehaanii—that have the terminal joint of the mandibular palp simple, the
6th segment of the male ubdomen much broader than long, and the exopodite of the
external maxillipeds furnished with the usual long flagellum. To these last it
seems well to restrict the name Geotelphusa.

The Indian species referable to the subgenus Gevte/phusa are three in
number, namely, P. (G.) enode, Kingsley, which is not represented in the collec-
tion; P. (G.) adiatretum; and a small species, which I can not at present
characterize, very close to P. (G.) adiatretum.

33. Poramon (GEOTELPHUSA) ADIATRETUM, Alcock. (Fig. 11.)

Very near akin to Potamon (Geotelphusa) enode, Kingsley.

Carapace : length about five-sevenths breadth, depth half length, smooth to
the naked eye, but under magnification finely pitted and with a few fine short
wrinkles near the lateral margin. Cervical groove present only as a crescent
defining the mesogastric area posteriorly. An extremely deep furrow separates
the epigastric crests.

Front in adult less than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace ; it and

60

the post-orbital regions are strongly deflexed, the rest of the carapace being
nearly flat. In a dorsal view the front is distinctly bilobed ; its edge is smooth
and its orbital angles are well marked, though its sides are decidedly convergent.

The lower border of the orbit runs flush into the upper border without any
gap or any trace of an external orbital tooth.

Antero-lateral margins of carapace short, ill-defined, irregularly crenulate
when magnified, running without break from the orbit; there is therefore no
trace of a lateral epibranchial tooth.

Kpigastric crests distinguishable as low, broad elevations; post-orbital
crests vaguely indicated.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is twice as broad as long, and the
7th segment is a triangle as broad as long.

The mandibular palp is simple. In the external maxillipeds the merus is
quadrangular and much broader than long, and the exopodite has a long
flagellum,

The chelipeds are a little unequal ; their extensor surface is nearly smooth,
though faint squamiform markings are visible with a lens; the spine at the
inner angle of the carpus, though coarse, is sharp ; the fingers are as long as the
palm, indistinctly fluted, and have a gap at the base when closed.

The legs are stout and have somewhat hirsute edges; the 2nd (longest)
pair are a little shorter than the larger cheliped ; the propodites are about twice
as long as broad and are slightly shorter than their dactyli.

Tn an adult female the carapace is :ths inch long, and {ths inch broad.

6943 : C
=a Dafla Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. ile Ore
4071 2 :

a Kakhyen Hills. J. Anderson. 1 6:

AVY
ee Moulmein. J. Anderson. 1 9 (type).

34. PoTaMon (GEOTELPHUSA), sp.

This small species, which is represented by a male and female not fully
adult, differs from adiatretum in the following particulars :—

The carapace is flatter and its anterior portion is abundantly rugulose ; the
antero-lateral margins are well defined low crests.

The orbital angles of the edge of the front are rounded off.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests are less indistinct.

5433

The Dafla Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. IU are Ue OP.

61

‘Subgenus [V.: AcanrHoreLpHusa, Ortmann.
Type: Acanthotelphusa nilotica (Kdw.).

The distinctive characters of this subgenus are that the antero-lateral
borders of the carapace are cut into large teeth or spines, and that the upper
border of the merus of the chelipeds bears a subterminal spine. In these
particulars it resembles the genus Paratelphusa (type: Paratelphusa tridentata,
Edw.), but it differs from Paratelphusa, and agrees with Potamon, in the form
of the mandibular palp and of the adult male abdomen.

The species may be tabulated as follows :—

I. Exposed surface of ischium of external maxillipeds longitudinally
grooved :—
i. Antero-lateral borders of carapace cut into four teeth or spines,
exclusive of the external orbital tooth :-—
1. The teeth of the antero-lateral borders are broad acuminate
lobes; carapace much broader than long, very strongly
and evenly convex, very smooth, the cervical groove finely
and faintly sketched ; chelipeds markedly aa in both
sexes . P. dayanum.
. The teeth of the aie ieee omer: are G-alend spines ;
carapace moderately convex, its surface uneven :—
a. Chelipeds slightly unequal in adult female (and) P. wood-masoni

bo

probably in adult male) : c : -J =(edwardsi, No. 2).
b. Chelipeds markedly unequal in both sexes ; surface of
carapace broadly corrugated and tomentose. . P. fungosum.

ii. Antero-lateral borders of carapace cut into three teeth or
spines ; surface of carapace broadly corrugated and tomentose ;
chelipeds markedly unequal in male only - = Rafew:
II. Exposed surface of ischium of external maxillipeds not feneeedeeely
grooved :—
i. Antero-lateral borders of carapace cut into four teeth or spines,
not including the external orbital tooth :—

ds Carapace flat, the three posterior marginal teeth broad . P. crenuliferum.
2. Carapace convex, the three hae es teeth spine-
like F - P.calvun.

Antero-lateral borders BE carapace cut into three eereilne or spines. P. martensi.

35. PoTAMON (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) DAYANUM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 49.)

Paratelphusa dayana, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., part II., 1871, p. 192, pl. xi.
Potamon (Paratelphusa) dayanus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), WII., 1905, p. 259, pl.
xii., fig. 7 (whi lit.).

Carapace broad, very strongly and evenly convex, smooth ; its length about
five-sevenths its greatest breadth, its depth more than half its length. Cervical
groove fine and superficial, but distinct enough ; it cuts the post-orbital crests
at a point in line with the inner angle of the external orbital tooth. The
tip of the fore-lobe of the mesogastric areola and its groove-like prolonga-

62

tion between the epigastric crests form the only distinct areolation of the
carapace.

Front much deflexed, about one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace
in the adult, its sides convergent, its edge well defined, almost smooth, and
broadly and obscurely bilobed. Lower margin of orbit sinuous, crenulate,
separated from the external orbital tooth by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace convex, longer than the postero-lateral
borders, well-defined, cut into four broad acuminate teeth (exclusive of the
orbital tooth), Some fine, short, ripple-like markings cross the postero-lateral
borders.

Epigastric crests blunt, overlapping and slightly in advance of the post-
orbital crests. Post-orbital crests low but fairly sharp, cut by the cervical
groove into two portions, of which the inner is nearly transverse and the outer
is obliquely convex.

In the abdomen of the adult male the 6th segment is twice as broad as
long, and the 7th is not quite as long as broad.

The mandibular palp is simple like that of Potamon, and quite different
from that of the type species of the genus Paratelphusa.

All the maxillipeds have strongly flagellate exopodites. In the external
maxillipeds the ischium is longitudinally grooved, and the merus is subquad-
rangular and broader than long.

Chelipeds very unequal, most so in the adult male; their surface is
practically smooth, though with a lens pittings and faint reticular markings are
visible ; the subterminal spine of the upper border of the merus is strong; the
strong spine at the inner angle of the carpus has a small accessory cusp at its
base ; the fingers have strong, almost molariform teeth. In the smaller cheliped
the fingers are much longer than the palm and do not gape; in the larger
cheliped they are a little longer than palm and gape when the tips are apposed,
especially in the adult male.

Legs stout, a little shorter than the smaller cheliped ; the propodites
are more than twice as long as broad, and are slightly shorter than their
dactyli.

In an adult male the carapace is 1,%; inch long, 2;°; inches broad, and }éths
inch deep.

=F Prome. J. Anderson. 1 $,1 9 (types).
a Kakhyen Hills. J. Anderson. tl g5 3) OD.

= Mandalay. F. Day. Il Bo

— Barnes W. Theobald. Bs, 2'9:

au Prome. W. Theobald. 5d.

4

63

_— Mandalay. J. Anderson. Megs Os
a Mandalay. J. Wood-Mason. gig Ute
_ Prome. J. Anderson. yeti

ce el Prome. E. W. Oates. Many.
a Mandalay. N. Annandale. Agu oh,

36. Poramon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) Woop-MASONI, Rathbun. (Fig. 50.)

Paratelphusa edwardsi, Wood-Mason, Proc. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, 1875, p. 231, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(4), XVIIL., 1876, pp. 121, 122.

Potamon (Paratelphusa) wood-masoni, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 262
(ubi synon.), pl. xii., fig. 12.

Miss Rathbun, assuming Paratelphusa to be a subgenus of Potamon,
and being confronted with the difficulty that another species (of another
subgenus of Potamon) had already a right to the name edwardsi, changed the
name of the species now under consideration to wood-masoni.

Miss Rathbun’s procedure is not affected by the fact that Paratelphusa
(type: P. tridentata, Edw.) is a quite distinct genus, because “ Paratelphusa ”
edwards? is still included, as a species of the subgenus Acanthotelphusa, in the
genus Potamon.

If Acanthotelphusa should at any time be separated from Potamon, the
name edwardsi may be resumed for the present species.

Carapace fairly broad, convex, but with an uneven surface; its length is
from three-fourths to seven-eighths its greatest breadth (measured to base of
marginal spines), its depth is about half its length. The frontal region and the
antero-lateral corners of the carapace are more or less granulous, and there are
many fine short wrinkles dorsal of the fairly well-defined postero-lateral borders.

Cervical groove deep-graven where it defines the posterior lobe of the
mesogastric area, and fairly clean-cut where it breaks the post-orbital crests
(at the usual point in line with the inner angle of the orbital tooth), but
elsewhere broad and superficial.

All the regions of the carapace—gastric, branchial, cardiac, and the paired
facets of the pree-cardiac—are well marked out, and the mesogastric areola is
defined in much of its extent.

Front in the adult much more than one-third the greatest breadth of the
carapace (measured to base of marginal spines), little deflexed; its sides
convergent and dorsally convex; its edge rather sharp, almost smooth, and
very obscurely bilobed. Orbits broad, the lower border sinuous, crenulate, and
separated from the external orbital tooth by a gap; near the middle of the
upper border there is a faint break.

64

Antero-lateral borders of carapace cut into four claw-like spines (exclusive
of the orbital tooth), shorter than the postero-lateral borders.

Epigastric crests rugulose, well in advance of the post-orbital crests; the
latter are fairly sharp, but usually become broken and more or less indistinct
beyond the points where they are cut or met by the cervical groove.

Sixth abdominal segment of adult male not quite twice as broad as long,
7th segment not quite as long as broad.

Antennal fossee and epistome a good deal overshadowed by the front. All
the mouth-parts are as in P. dayanum, the only noteworthy difference being in
the shape of the merus of the external maxillipeds, which, though broad, is
rudely subtriangular rather than subquadrangular.

Chelipeds in the adult female almost equal (as they also are in the only
adult male of the collection, which, however, as it possesses, in addition to
well-formed male appendages and ducts, large porous tubercles in the position
of the female openings, may be abnormal). The chelipeds are rather slender
and are shorter than the legs; their surface is almost smooth, though there is
some much-worn squamiform sculpture on the carpus and upper surface of the
palm ; there is a subterminal spine on the upper border of the merus, and a
strong spine—with a fullness, not a distinct cusp, at its base—at the inner
angle of the carpus; the fingers are slender, are longer than the palm, and do
not gape much.

Legs stout, the edges of the three terminal joints are thickly clothed with
a short scrubby fur, which also tends to invade the surfaces; the propodites
are more than twice as broad as long and are rather shorter than their
dactyli.

In an adult female the carapace is 11% inch long, 2; inches broad,
and {iths inch deep.

888

5° Garo Hills. H. Williamson. 1 2 (type).
Ses Pegu. S. Kurz. 4 young.
3 2
— Cachar. E. B. Baker. Il Q
— Sibsagar, Assam. S. E. Peal. ai
a Moulmein. Captain Hood. 2 6-
Q
ee | igs
5501 Tipperah, J. R. Adie. ; :
= | 3,29.
E 5528 : 7
iy ae Narail, Jessore. J. Wood-Mason and A. Alcock. =

65

37. Poramon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) FUNGOSUM, Alcock. (Fig. 12.)

The whole animal is covered with a very short, dirty, spongy fur, The
species is closely related to P. few de Man.

Carapace slightly convex, nearly as long as broad, its depth less than half
its length, its surface broadly corrugated and lumpy, and much pitted when
denuded.

Cervical groove well graven only where it defines the mesogastric area
posteriorly, elsewhere very broad and superficial, and somewhat vague.

The regions are all well defined, as well as the pair of small oval facets
between the gastric and cardiac regions. In the gastric region the mesogastric
area can be made out in most of its extent, and the area on either side of it,
behind the post-orbital crests, is broken into one or two low broad elevations.
In each epibranchial region there are two broad transverse corrugations, one
behind the other, and two small lumpy facets inside of them.

Front hardly deflexed, more than two-fifths the greatest breadth of the
carapace (in the adult), its sides convergent and dorsally tumid, its free edge
sharp, obscurely bilobed, and much overshadowing the epistome.

Orbits wide, the lower border crenulate and separated from the external
orbital tooth by a gap, the upper border broken near the middle by a slight crease.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace about as long as the postero-lateral, cut
into four broad salient spines, exclusive of the outer orbital tooth ; postero-
lateral borders defined in all their extent by a sharp granulous ridge.

Epigastric crests broad and blunt, much separated from and in advance of
the post-orbital crests; post-orbital crests consisting of a sharp transverse
tubercle not extending beyond middle line of orbit, and of one or two minute
tubercles lying between this and the anterior marginal spine; these small
tubercles may sometimes be absent.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is nearly twice as broad as long,
and the 7th is a broad-based, very blunt triangle nearly as long as broad.

All the mouth-parts are as in P. dayanum.

Chelipeds in both sexes markedly unequal, and, when completely denuded,
practically smooth, so much effaced in appearance is the superficial sculpture ;
upper border of merus with a subterminal spine; carpus with upper surface
even, and with the usual spine at the inner angle. In the smaller cheliped the
fingers are much longer than the palm, and do not gape when closed ; in the
larger cheliped the fingers are not much longer than the palm, have molariform
teeth, and gape much when the tips are apposed.

Legs somewhat slender, a little longer than the smaller cheliped; the
propodites are more than twice as long as broad, and are not so long as the
slender dactyli.

66

In an adult female the carapace is 1; inch long, 1,5; inch in greatest
breadth, and ;{;ths inch deep; adult males are a little smaller.

Notwithstanding the more numerous marginal teeth, I am inclined to
regard this Potamon as only a variety of de Man’s P. few.

[1393.5 Lieeerand

\_ numerous young.

Cachar. E. B. Baker. Ll G52 Qk

GGUT-6645. Darband Pass, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason.

5540
10°

38. PoramMon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) FEH, de Man. (Fig. 51.)

Paratelphusa fee, de Man, Ann. Mus. Genoa (2), XIX., 1898, p. 393, pl. iv., fig. 3.
Potamon (Paratelphusa) fee, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VIT., 1905, p. 241.

This species, described by de Man from the Upper Irrawaddy, differs from
P. fungosum only in the following particulars :—

The carapace is flatter, but the broad corrugations of the epibranchial
regions are stronger and more tumid.

The antero-lateral margins of the carapace are cut into three teeth,
exclusive of the outer orbital tooth, and the foremost one of these is broad
and blunt.

The post-orbital crests are even shorter, being reduced to a small tubercle
lying behind the inner angle of either orbit.

The gap between the lower margin of the orbit and the outer orbital tooth
is less distinct.

In females which seem to be adult the chelipeds may be subequal. In the
male the fingers of the enlarged cheliped are not quite as long as the palm.

The carapace of an adult male is tsths inch long, téths inch broad, and
roths inch deep.

a Suddea, Assam. F. Day. 2¢.
4065 : : =a :

n Hill stream near Harmutti. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 1h oe.
ae Dafla Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. re

39. Poramon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) CRENULIFERUM, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 13.)

Paratelphusa crenulifera, Wood-Mason, P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 231; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XVIII.,
1876, pp. 121, 122.

Potamon (Paratelphusa) crenulifer, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 261, pl.
xii., fig. 11 (wbi lit.).

Carapace squarish, little convex, its surface smooth, but finely pitted and
uniformly and minutely granular under a lens; its length over four-fifths its
greatest breadth, its depth less than half its length.

Cervical groove well graven only where it defines the mesogastric area,

elsewhere broad and very superficial. All the regions are indicated, but rather

67

faintly. The tip of the mesogastric area can just be made out behind the
groove separating the epigastric crests.

Front hardly defiexed, about two-fifths the greatest breadth of the cara-
pace in the adult, its sides are convergent and slightly convex dorsally, its edge
is crenulate and faintly sinuous, and overshadows the epistome a good deal.

Orbits wide, with crenulate margins; a gap between the lower margin
and the outer orbital tooth.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace almost as long as the postero-lateral,
cut into four broad sharp teeth (exclusive of the orbital tooth), the edges of
some of which are crenulate.

Epigastric crests low, slightly oblique, separated from and slightly in
advance of the post-orbital crests; post-orbital crests low but sharpish,
straight and distinct as far as the point (inner limit of orbital tooth), where the
indistinct cervical groove meets them, and then either disappearing or becoming
extremely faint as they curve forwards towards the anterior marginal tooth.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is about twice as broad as long,
and the 7th is nearly as long as broad.

All the mouth-parts are as in P. dayanum except that the outer surface
of the ischium of the external maxillipeds is not longitudinally grooved.

_Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, very much so in old males. ‘Their
surface is practically smooth. Merus with the usual subterminal spine on its
upper border; upper surface of carpus sometimes with a dimple; the spine
at the inner angle of the carpus has only a trace of a cusp at its base. In
the smaller cheliped the fingers are much longer than the palm and do
not gape; in the larger cheliped they are little longer than the palm, have
molariform teeth, and gape when closed—widely so in the adult male.

Legs about as long as the smaller cheliped; in the three terminal joints
one or both edges are clothed with a thick spongy fur; the longer propodites
are more than twice as long as broad.

In a large male the carapace is 1,% inch long, lis inch broad,
and +tths inch deep.

58 2 '

a | 1 S (type).
. Pegu Yoma. W. Theobald. 4

0 D

so, | | eaite.

40. Poramon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) CRENULIFERUM, var. FLOCCOSUM.

In this small variety the carapace is more convex than in the type, and
is closely beset with little isolated tufts of down. In all other respects it
agrees with the type.

esto Pegu. S. Kurz. 8 ¢,7 @ (all immature).

3

68

41. Poramon (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) CALVUM, Alcock. (Fig. 14.)

This species is best defined by comparison with P. crenuliferwm, from
which it differs only in the following particulars :—

The carapace is suborbicular in outline and is convex in all directions ;
all its regions are better defined.

The front is more prominent, overshadows the epistome more, and
has its edge broadly bilobed.

The anterior marginal tooth of the carapace is separated from the
outer orbital tooth by a wider gap, and in the gap there is usually a
bead-like tubercle.

The three posterior marginal teeth are spines, not broad teeth.

The epigastric crests are more tumid and more advanced, the post-orbital
crests are sinuous.

The legs, though otherwise similar, are slenderer.

In a large specimen the carapace is 1% inch long, 1% inch broad,
and ;‘sths inch deep.

5520 5530 = a3 : 0 8 9
es Se. Upper Tennaserim. J. Wood-Mason. f : : ) sei
l \ (including types).

Although it looks so different, I am strongly inclined to regard this
species as merely a race of P. crenuliferum.

42. PoramMoNn (ACANTHOTELPHUSA) MARTENSI, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 52.)

Paratelphusa martensi, Wood-Mason, P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 230; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XVII., 1876,
wie ee (Paratelphusa) martensi, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VIL, 1905, p. 258, pl.
xii., fig. 9 (ubi lit.).

Carapace squarish, convex, its surface uneven but smooth, except for
some fine, short, faintish ripples near the postero-lateral borders; its length
about three-quarters its greatest breadth, its depth half its length.

Cervical groove well graven only where it defines the mesogastric area,
elsewhere superficial and very broad. All the regions are distinguishable,
and the small pair of preecardiac facets are very distinct. The epibranchial
regions are transversely humped. The tip of the mesogastric area can
only just be discerned behind the shallow groove that separates the
epigastric crests.

Front moderately declivous, nearly two-fifths the greatest breadth of
the carapace in the adult, with convergent, slightly tumid sides, and broadly
bilobed edge. Upper border of orbit creased near the middle; lower border
separated from the outer orbital tooth by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace about as long as the postero-lateral,

. 69

cut into three teeth (exclusive of the orbital angle), of which the anterior
is broad and the two posterior are claw-like. Postero-lateral borders defined
in all their extent.

Epigastric and post-orbital crests distinct enough, but low and blunt,
the former well in advance of the latter, the latter sometimes passing to the
base of the anterior epibranchial spine, but usually becoming indistinct
and broken, or even obsolete, beyond the point of contact with the
cervical groove.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is about twice as broad as long,
and the 7th is hardly as long as broad.

Except that the outer surface of the ischium of the external maxillipeds
is not longitudinally grooved, the mouth-parts are as in P. dayanum.

Chelipeds very unequal in both sexes, but most so in the adult male;
their surface is practically smooth; the usual spine is present near the far
end of the upper border of the merus and at the inver angle of the carpus,
the latter being without any accessory cusp at base; the fingers are longer
than the palm; in the smaller cheliped they do not gape, but in the larger
cheliped (which bears molariform teeth) they gape much, particularly in
old males.

Legs about as long as the smaller cheliped, rather slender; the three
terminal joints are a good deal furred, especially at the edges; the longer
propodites are more than twice as long as broad, and are almost as long
as their dactyli.

In a large adult the carapace is 1% inch long, 1% inch broad,

and 73ths inch deep.

a Hazrapur, Jessore. J. Wood-Mason. 2 ¢,12 9
ae Roorkee. F. Day. B® ono! Qin
a Purnea. Museum Collector. 3G Oe
3137 E
= Hazrapur, Jessore. J. Wood-Mason. LT e6 oe
1796-1807 Darbhanga. Miss Nora Coates. 36,6 9.
— Barnagur, near Calcutta. /3Ne Alcock. 1 Wiesel ba Oe
5534 : 2 )

ston Santipore, near Calcutta. A. Alcock. AT Solr
eee Kissengunj. A. Aleock. Datsto Gre
28 Mangura, Jessore. J. Wood-Mason and A. Aleock. 2 ¢,1 9.
aed Lucknow. Museum Collector. PRO

5aA6 Abjulgar, Bijnor. Museum Collector. lg; 2 2

Subfamily 2—GECARCINUCIN 2.
Genus II.—ParaTELpHusA, Edw.

Type: Paratelphusa tridentata, Edw.
Paratelphusa, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3), XX., 1853, p. 213.

The genus Paratelphusa differs from the genus Potamon only in the follow-
ing particulars :—

(1) It is unusual for the abdomen of the aduit male to be regularly
triangular; it is far more usual for its distal half to be narrowed, the narrow-
ing beginning suddenly at the 5th or 6th segment. Whether this contraction
is marked or not, the 6th segment is never broad, its length almost always
being equal to, and not unseldom exceeding, its distal breadth; and the 7th
segment is never broadly triangular, but is narrowly semi-elliptical, or tongue-
shaped, or at least elongate.

(2) The mandibular palp is of a peculiar pattern; the first two joints are
not separately distinguishable—they certainly have no movement independent
of one another ; and the terminal joint is divided from the base into two lobes
—a dorsal and a ventral. The dorsal lobe, which, in repose, lies behind the
incisor process of the mandible, is falciform and corresponds with the entire
terminal joint of Potamon. The ventral lobe, which, in repose, overlaps the
incisor process of the mandible, is a broad oval plate, and corresponds with a
tuft of hairs that sometimes occurs in Potumon.

(3) It is not uncommon, though not by any means the rule, for the edges
of the meropodites of the external maxillipeds to fall conspicuously short of
the edge of the epistome, so as sometimes even to leave the siphon-plate of the
endopodite of the 1st maxillipeds slightly exposed: this is a step towards the
condition of the parts in Gecarecinucus.

(4) It is unusual for any distinct gap to exist between the lower border
and the outer-upper angle of the orbit.

It is impossible from the literature alone to determine the incidence of this
genus. As regards Indian species, all that can be said is that the genus, as
here defined, includes, inter alia, a selection from the subgenera Potamon,
Potamonautes, Geotelphusa, and Paratelphusa of Miss Rathbun’s great mono-
graph. The type of the genus is Paratelphusa tridentata, Edw.

The Indian species of this large genus may be arranged in six groups, to
which, perhaps, the name of subgenera may be attached. A seventh section
is not a subgenus, but includes aberrant members of two of the other groups

(al

which, to facilitate the work of identification, must be shown separately in the
following table :—

I. A spine near the far end of the upper border of the merus of the
chelipeds . : : : : : 3 . PARATELPHUSA.

II. No such spine :—
A. Tips of fingers of chele sharp :—

i. Epigastric and post-orbital crests distinct and prominent :—

1. Epigastric crests either in unbroken continuity with

the post-orbital crests on either side of the meso-

gastric groove, or almost in line with and more or less
distinctly (or more or less indistinctly) separated from

them ; exopodites of external maxillipeds with a strong

plumose flagellum : ‘ : :

2. Epigastric crests in advance of and distinctly separated

from (sometimes overlapping) the post-orbital crests :—

BaryYTELPHUSA.

a. Exopodites of external maxillipeds with a strong
plumose flagellum : : 5 . OzioTELPHusA.
6. Exopodites of external maxillipeds non-flagellate
in all but one species, and in that species in-
constant . : - : . PHRICOTELPHUSA.
ii. Epigastric and post-orbital crests not prominent, more or
less indistinct, sometimes almost disappearing :—
1. Exopodites of external maxillipeds flagellate . LiorerpHusa.
2. Exopodites of external maxillipeds non-flagellate . GLOBITELPHUSA.

B. Tips of fingers broad and spooned :—
i. Epigastric and post-orbital crests sharp and prominent;

exopodites of external maxillipeds strongly flagellate . Paratelphusa blanfordi.
ii. Epigastric, etc., crests almost obsolete; exopodites of
external maxillipeds non-flagellate : : . Globitelphusa pilosipes.

Subgenus I.—Pararetpuusa, Edw.
Type: Paratelphusa tridentata, Edw.

The merus of the chelipeds has, usually (P. blanfordi is the only
Indian exception), a subterminal spine or sharp tubercle on its upper
border.

The antero-lateral borders are usually (P. blanfordi and P. spinigera are
the only Indian exceptions) armed with either large spines, or a broad lobe
between the orbit and the lateral epibranchial spine.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests are prominent. (In the Indian
species the former are not continuous with the latter.)

The exopodite of the external maxillipeds carries a long, plumose
flagellum.

The species are of moderate size: P. spinigera grows large: none is quite
small; in colour they are usually brown, sometimes very dark.

72

The species of Parate/phusa may be tabulated as follows :—

I. A subterminal spine or tubercle on the upper border of the merus of the
chelipeds ; fingers sharp pointed :-—

i. No large spines or teeth or lobes between the orbital angle and the

lateral epibranchial spine : . P. spinigera.
ii. A broad laminar lobe between the gues eabreal angle faad fie lateral
epibranchial spine 0 . P. trilobata.

iii. Three large spines on the ania lateral border of the’ carapace Sbelicd
the outer orbital tooth; 6th segment of abdomen of adult male con-
tracted at base :—

1. “Cervical” groove indistinct; 5th segment of male abdomen

short and broad (length = half proximal breadth) : . P. sinensis.
2. “Cervical” groove distinct; 5th segment of male abdomen
elongate (length nearly = proximal and exceeds distal breadth) . P. grayi.

II. No subterminal spine or tubercle on the upper border of the merus of the
chelipeds ; no large spines or teeth between the outer orbital angle and the
lateral epibranchial spine; fingers blunt and spooned at tip : . P. blanfordi.

1. PARATELPHUSA (PARATELPHUSA) SPINIGERA, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 53.)

Telphusa (Paratelphusa) spinigera, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., pt. 2, 1871, p. 194, pl.
cc ne (Paratelphusa) spiniger, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 231 (ubi
lit.), pl. xvii., fig. 1.

Carapace broad, convex, its length about two-thirds its greatest breadth,
its depth about half its length ; its surface, except for some very fine ripples at
the postero-lateral borders, is smooth and sometimes almost polished.

“Cervical” groove deep, running towards the outer ends of the post-
orbital crests, but becoming superficial and quite indistinct just behind them.
All the regions are distinct and individually tumid. A dimpled oval facet is
marked off in the gastro-cardiac angle of either epibranchial region, and
between them are two small, somewhat sunken, oval preecardiac facets. The
post-frontal mesogastric groove is well marked.

Front in the adult about one-third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
its sides strongly convergent; it is little declivous up to its sharp free edge,
which is formed more distinctly than usual (as in P. hydrodromus) by the knee
of the bend that turns in to make the antennular septum and the eave of the
antennular fossee.

Orbits small, with a very wide antennal gap. External orbital angle broad,
prominent beyond and discontinuous with the lower border of the orbit, but
not separated from the latter by a distinct notch.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace well arched, longer than the postero-
lateral, sharp, indistinctly crenulate or almost entire; the acute, prominent
epibranchial spine is placed very far back.

Epigastric crests prominent, with the anterior surface rugose, overlapping
and slightly in advance of the post-orbital crests ; the latter are thin, trenchant,

73

and sinuous, and gradually become indistinct beyond the point where the
cervical groove approaches them.

Abdomen of adult male a broad-based triangle in outline; 6th segment
with concave sides; its length exceeds its distal and equals its proximal
breadth ; 7th segment longer than broad, broadly rounded anteriorly.

Mandibular palp as described in the diagnosis of the genus.

Exopodites of all the maxillipeds with a strong, plumose flagellum. In
the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium ; the ischium
is longitudinally grooved near the inner edge; and the merus is a lot broader
than long, and has an oblique anterior edge.

Chelipeds very unequal in both sexes, longer in the male than in the
female ; their surface, to the naked eye, is smooth, sometimes almost polished.
The spine near the end of the upper border of the merus is distinct and usually
acute ; that at the inner angle of the carpus is strong; the fingers are moder-
ately broad, they are strong and sharp pointed, and their tips are inclined to
cross; the dactylus is longer than the palm. In the smaller cheliped the
fingers are not much bent, and so do not gape much when closed; one tooth
in the fixed finger may be enlarged, but there is no very marked inequality in
the teeth of the dactylus. In the larger cheliped the dactylus (especially of the
male) is much bent, and there is a large molar near its base and usually a
second enlarged tooth beyond its middle; while in the fixed finger there is a
very much enlarged molar or double tooth not far from the base.

Legs stout, not as: long as the chelipeds in either sex; dactyli strong,
longer than the propodites; the longer propodites are about thrice as long as
broad.

In a large male the carapace is 12 inch long, 2,°; inches broad, and 1 inch
deep, and the larger hand (fingers included) is 27 inches long, the extreme
length of the dactylus being 2 inches. In a large female the carapace is 1!
inch long, 23 inches broad, and 1 inch deep, and the larger hand is 12 inch long,
the extreme length of the dactylus being 1} inch.

Outside the limits of the subgenus the nearest relatives of this species
seem to be P. hydrodromus and P. bouvieri.

7
8

=. Narail, Jessore. J. Wood-Mason. ION
aes Sylhet. E. B. Baker. OF Guo
— Saharanpur. J. Wood-Mason. 8 g,9 9
a Calcutta. J. Wood-Mason. ea ©
3131 Karachi. Karachi Museum. 1 4Or

5
3172 ‘ : Sapa 5

5 Locality not recorded. Karachi Museum. EOS

74

sek Hardwar. J. Wood-Mason. 19%

ee Balaganj, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. 1 $.

es Darbhanga. Miss Nora Coates. li.

ae. Tipperah. J. R. Adie. i ye
a Caleutta. F. Finn. aed ac
a Tipperah. J. R. Adie. dus

eee Kissengan]. A. Alcock. LSiraig, LANs
a Rajshahi. : N. Annandale. 26 ¢, 38 9.
ae Caleutta. Gs He B? Lord: 2-9.

5521 Kbewrah Gorge, Jhelum oe ee

7 District, 9000 ft. No donor recorded. tO

5528 Narail, Jessore. | 56,22.
10 J. Wood- Mason and

ee Mangura, Jessore. | ue cock. 10 ¢,4 ¢.
a Barnagore, near Calcutta. A, Alcock. ie
5558 Safed-bein Canal, Jullun-

0” der Distack: J. Stephenson. la One
a Sur Lake, Puri District. N. Annandale. Wein wo 2 -

2, PARATELPHUSA (PARATELPHUSA) TRILOBATA, Alcock. (Fig. 15.)

Having only one specimen, I hesitate to characterize this species, although
it is quite clearly something unusual. It resembles P. spinigera, but differs in
the following particulars :—

The carapace is flatter, its depth being less than half its length, and the
cervical groove is much broader. The posterior boundary of the epibranchial
regions is much better defined on the dorsum of the carapace.

The antero-lateral border of the carapace is produced as a large, broad,
laminar lobe between the external orbital tooth and the acute epibranchial
spine.

The spine of the upper border of the merus of the chelipeds is blunt—
more a tubercle than a spine.

In an adult female the carapace is 1 inch long, 1;% inch broad, and ;ths
inch deep.
6969

; Sibsagar, Assam. S. E. Peal. 1 2 (type).

~]
Oo

3. PARATELPHUSA (PARATELPHUSA) BLANFORDI, Alcock. (Fig. 16.)

This species is an aberrant member of the subgenus, as it has no spine on
the upper border of the merus of the chelipeds and no large spines on the
antero-lateral borders of the carapace between the external orbital tooth and
the lateral epibranchial spine. Added to this it has peculiar chelee, the tips of
the fingers being broad and hollowed en cwillere.

Notwithstanding these peculiarities, it is undoubtedly nearer to P. spinigera
than to any other species. It has nothing whatever to do with Parate/phusa
spinescens, Calman, which de Man has made the type of a new subgenus, Para-
potamon; that species has a simple mandibular palp, like Potamon, and must
be ranged alongside Acanthotelphusa.

Carapace flat, its length a little over three-fourths its greatest breadth, its
depth a good deal less than half its length, its surface, to the naked eye,
smooth, with some short and very fine oblique wrinkles at the postero-lateral
borders.

Cervical groove deep, very broad, running towards the much posterior
epibranchial spine, but becoming superficial and almost disappearing before
reaching it.

Regions distinct ; in the gastro-cardiac angle of either epibranchial region
there is an irregular, sometimes indistinct, facet, and between these, two
small indistinct preecardiac facets. Post-frontal mesogastric groove deep in
places.

Front in adult a little more than one-third the greatest breadth of the
carapace, very slightly declivous, its sides either nearly parallel or oblique, its
edge nearly smooth (crenulate in the young) and straight. External orbital
angle broad, subacute, not separated from lower border of orbit by any gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace convex, sharp, crenulate, more than
two-fifths of their extent is in front of the prominent and acute epibranchial
spine. Postero-lateral borders markedly convergent.

Epigastric crests prominent, rugulose, overlapping and a little in advance
of the post-orbital crests. Post-orbital crests thin, sharp, crenulate, more or
less broken at their outer ends, but distinctly passing to the epibranchial spine,
or to the edge of the carapace just in front of it.

Abdomen of adult male not much broadened at base; 6th segment with
convergent and concave sides, its length equals its distal breadth ; 7th segment
as long as broad, broadly rounded at tip.

The antennal peduncle loosely fills the orbital gap; the flagellum is
short.

Mandibular palp as described in the diagnosis of the subgenus. The
exopodites of all the maxillipeds have a strong flagellum. In the external

76

maxillipeds the exopodites are longer than the ischium, the ventral surface
of the ischium is not longitudinally grooved, and the merus is broader than
long.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes—more so in the male; their surface is
almost smooth to the naked eye, but the palm and fingers are pitted; when
magnified their surface is reticulo-rugose. Upper edge of merus crenulate, but
without any trace of a subterminal spine. A coarse spine at inner angle of
carpus. In both chelipeds the fingers are stout and have broad concave tips,
the proximal teeth are enlarged and molar-like, and the distal teeth are small,
regular, translucent, and incisor like; m both, the fixed finger is very broad,
the dactylus is curved, and the closed fingers gape to a certain extent (more
in the larger cheliped). At the base of the fixed finger of the larger chele
and sometimes of the smaller chelze also—one tooth may be enormously

enlarged.

Legs stout, their joints broad; they are about as long as the chelipeds in
the male, but not in the female; the dactyli are not—or very little—longer
than the propodites; the longer propodites are about twice as long as
broad.

In a large male the carapace is 145; inch long, 17% inch broad, and {ths inch
deep; the larger hand is 1,5 inch long (the maximum length of the palm being
ths inch, the maximum length of the dactylus tiths inch), tiths inch high,
and ;‘sths inch thick,

oe Kalagan, Baluchistan. Eo She
a e Bampusht, Baluchistan. Il @) .
4019 W. J. Blanford.
tes Mand, Baluchistan. Eee 2 Oe
eee Pishin, Baluchistan. 46, 4°
4 _ (types included).

4. PARATELPHUSA (PARATELPHUSA) SINENSIS, Edw. (Fig. 54.)

Paratelphusa sinensis, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3), XX., 1853, p. 213: Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv.
Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 241 (wbi lit.), pl. xi., fig. 7.

Carapace convex, its length three-quarters to four-fifths its greatest
breadth, its depth half its length ; its surface pitted ; a few fine oblique wrinkles
near the postero-lateral borders.

Cervical groove just visible, but very superficial and indistinct, sometimes
represented in places by a line of irregular pits.

Regions recognisable but not clearly defined. Post-frontal mesogastric
groove indistinct; behind it the mesogastric area can be traced, though
extremely faintly, in almost all its extent.

Front little deflexed, very broad, more than two-fifths the greatest breadth

v7

of the carapace in the adult; its sides very oblique, forming an open curve
with the upper border of the orbit ; its edge sharp, very broadly and obscurely
bilobed. Orbits and their antennal gap very wide; external orbital angle
subacute, not separated from lower border of orbit by any gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace sharp, moderately curved, not quite as
long as postero-lateral borders ; armed with three strong teeth exclusive of the
orbital angle.

Epigastric crests slightly overlapping and in advance of post-orbital crests :
they consist of a sharp subcrescentic edge and an anterior vermicular-eroded
surface. Post-orbital crests usually distinct and sharp at their inner end, blunt
and rather indistinct behind the orbits, and forming a very oblique crescentic
bulge behind the external orbital angle.

Abdomen of adult male broad-based and remarkably constricted, hour-
glass fashion, in the middle; 5th segment small but broad, its length half its
proximal breadth; 6th segment long, broadened in its distal half, its length
being nearly twice its basal breadth; 7th segment tongue-shaped, longer than
broad.

Mandibular palp of the typical Parate/phusa form. Mouth-parts as in
P. spinigera, except that the merus of the external maxillipeds is longer and
squarer.

Chelipeds unequal, very much more so in the male than in the female ;
the subterminal spine of the upper border of the merus is sometimes coarse
and worn ; surface of carpus and hand almost smooth to the naked eye, though
under a lens the surface of the carpus is vermicular-rugose ; a spine, as usual,
at the inner angle of the carpus. Fingers much longer than the palm; in the
smaller chelee they are rather slender and fairly straight, and though the teeth
are not uniform or regular none of them is greatly enlarged; in the larger
chelz of the adult male the fingers are stout, the dactylus is strongly curved so
that the fingers meet only at tip, and some of the teeth at fairly regular
intervals, in both fingers, are much enlarged ; the curving of the dactylus varies
with age in the male, and is never so much marked in the female.

Legs about as long as the smaller cheliped; in all of them there is a
subterminal spine on the anterior border of the merus.

In a large male the carapace is 14 inch long, 1,‘ inch broad, and &ths inch
deep; and the length of the hand (fingers included) is 1/ inch, the maximum
length of the palm being +iths inch, of the dactylus 1,%; inch.

This species lives both in fresh and brackish water, and is found from
Burma eastwards to China along the coast.

ee. Moulmein. Museum Collector. Many specimens.

78

5. PARATELPHUSA (PARATELPHUSA) GRAYI, Alcock. (Fig. 17.)

This species is very close to P. sinensis, from which it differs only in the
following particulars :—

The cervical groove is distinct, even deepish in places, though not quite
continuous; hence the regions are more distinct.

The front shows no trace of division into two lobes. The teeth of the
antero-lateral borders are not so sharp.

The abdomen of the male is even more decidedly hour-glass shaped, owing
to the fact that the 5th segment is a long joint—its length being about equal
to its proximal breadth—and is contracted distally.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is longer, though its breadth
slightly exceeds its length.

In the largest specimen—an adult female—the carapace is 1 inch long, 14
inch broad, and } inch deep.

re Moung Sal, Mekhok R. Dr Gray. 8 6,5 @.
a Moung Sal, Mekhok R. Dr Gray. Bac elon e

Subgenus IIT.—Baryre.puusa, Alcock.
Type: Barytelphusa jacquemontii (Rathb.) =“ Telphusa indica,” Guerin.

No spine on the upper border of the merus of the chelipeds; the antero-
lateral borders of the carapace may be crenulate or not, but never bear a series
of large teeth or spines.

The epigastric crests are either united with the post-orbital crests to
form one unbroken ridge on either side of the post-frontal mesogastric groove,
or, if the epigastric crests are separated from the post-orbital crests, the break
between them is vague and sometimes very indistinct, and both crests form
one common curve.

The exopodite of the external maxillipeds carries a long, strong, plumose
flagellum.

The cervical groove is usually very broadly and deeply impressed in all
its course, and usually runs to, or towards, the lateral epibranchial spine.

The species are generally large, and dark brown in colour.

The species of this big subgenus may be divided into two series, which,
however, are not sharply separated, as follows :—

I. Epigastric and post-orbital crests continuous, forming one prominent

transverse ridge on either side of the post-frontal mesogastric

groove 4 5 0 5 : Group I. P. jacquemonti group.
Il. The epigastric crests are indistinctly separated from the post-orbital

crests, but form a common curve with them : Group Il. P. lugubris group.

79

Group I. In which the epigastric and post-orbital crests on either side
are united,

1. The post-orbital crest runs up to, or in to, or at least to the level of, the
lateral epibranchial tooth on either side :-—
i. Latera] epibranchial tooth prominent and sharp :—
1. Post-orbital crest separated from the lateral epibranchial tooth
by the cervical groove, not regularly crenulate, nearly straight . P. jacquemontit.
2. Post-orbital crest not distinctly separated from the lateral epi-
branchial tooth, regularly crenulate, its outer end lobe-like =. ~—P. /amellifrons.
ii. Lateral epibranchial tooth small and blunt, or obsolescent :—
1. Carapace oval in outline ; only a small part of the antero-lateral
border lies in front of the lateral epibranchial tooth :—
a. Carapace flattish, cervical groove interrupted : P. cunicularis.
». Carapace strongly convex, cervical groove deep in all its
course :—
a. Depth of carapace equals half length ; 6th abdominal
segment in adult male as long as broad :-—
(i) Antero-lateral borders of carapace irregularly

crenulate, not cristiform . P. edentula.
(ii) Antero-lateral borders of earapace secs
crenulate, cristiform ; 5 : P. napea.

6. Depth of carapace exceeds half length; 6th
abdominal segment in adult male much longer than

broad 2 . P. pulvinata.
2. Carapace squarish in outline, flat about half of che antero-
lateral border lies in front of the lateral epibranchial tooth . P. pollcaris.

II. The post-orbital crest ends on the dorsum of the carapace well inside, and
well behind the level of, the lateral epibranchial tooth, which is small and
blunt or obsolescent :—

i. Carapace strongly convex . ; : c . P. guerini.
ii. Carapace slightly convex. é : c 2 . P. planata.
iii. Carapace nearly flat : : : : : . P. pocockiana.

6. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) JACQUEMONTI, Rathbun. (Fig. 55.)

Telphusa indica auctorum.
Potamon (Potamonautes) jacquemontii, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 185
(ubi synon.), pl. xvi., figs. 1 and 5.

Carapace flat, though the three main regions have a certain individual
convexity; its length three-fourths its greatest breadth in adult males, but
more than three-fourths in adult females, its depth a good deal less than half
its length; the lateral half of each epibranchial region is traversed by many
fine oblique ridges, which become a good deal effaced in very large specimens.

Cervical groove very bold and deep in all its course, broadly V-shaped,
running to the lateral epibranchial tooth on either side. Regions of carapace
not areolated. Mesogastric furrow deep.

Front in large adults a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace,
somewhat more in smaller adults; little deflexed, its sides convergent, its
edge faintly bilobed and almost smooth; its surface pitted and rough, except
near the orbital margin.

80

Orbits wide, their inner gap also wide; external orbital tooth dis-
tinct, with at most only a trace of a gap between it and the lower orbital
margin.

Antero-lateral margins of carapace well defined, sharpish, but hardly
crest-like, rather irregularly crenate, arched ; lateral epibranchial tooth well
formed, sharp.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests form one bold much-undermined
ridge sweeping on either side, with a slight anterior concavity, from the
mesogastric furrow to the lateral epibranchial tooth, but separated from that
tooth by the deep cervical groove; the epigastric portion of each crest is
distinguished by a double or eroded edge.

In the abdomen of the adult male the length of the 6th segment is equal
to its greatest breadth, the segment being squarish with the sides slightly
concave ; the length of the 7th segment exceeds its greatest breadth.

Mandibular palp as in the type of the genus P. tridentata, Edw., the
1st and 2nd joints being fused together, and the terminal joint being bilobed
from the base, the broad anterior lobe overhanging the ventral surface of the
mandible, and the falciform posterior lobe lying behind the incisor process
of the mandible.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is much longer than the ischium
and carries the usual strong, plumose flagellum; the ischium is longitudinally
grooved, and the merus is broader than long and has an oblique anterior
border.

The chelipeds are not very unequal in the female, but are considerably
unequal in the adult male; in the merus the edges are crenulate and the outer
surface is transversely rugose ; in the carpus the upper and outer surfaces are
rugulose, and the inner angle forms a strong coarse spine; the palm and
fingers are pitted, the pits especially on the fingers having a linear arrangement,
and there are some squamiform tubercles on the upper surface of the palm;
the tips of the fingers are hooked, and the fixed finger is much broader than
the dactylus. In the smaller cheliped the fingers are a good deal longer than
the palm, do not gape much when closed, and have fairly even teeth, one tooth
in the fixed finger being a little enlarged. In the larger cheliped the fingers
are as long as or very slightly longer than the palm, both of them have near
the base one tooth greatly enlarged, and the dactylus is considerably arched,
so that the fingers gape a good deal when the tips are apposed, this being
most marked in old males.

The legs are very strong but are shorter than the chelipeds; the longer
propodites are about twice as long as broad, and are not much shorter than
their dactyli in old males.

This species attains a large size; in the largest male the carapace is
3 inches long and 4 inches broad, and the hand (fingers included) of the

larger cheliped is 4 inches long, the palm being 2

81

2 inches high, and more than an inch thick.

6414
23m
6417.
35
6901.
Be
6902
=

Coorg.

Parisnath Hill.
Parisnath Hill.
Barrabhum.
Coonoor, Nilgiris.

Anamalai Hills.

Khandalla and Mahableshwar.

Debnaddi, Narbudda basin.

Khandalla.

eee ee Calicue
7

Hardwar.

Khandalla.

Morar.

Chota Nagpur.

Nassik.

Upper Godavari.

Morar.

Poona.
3590
aves
Calicut.
Hoshangabad.
Manbhum.
Poona.

Ootacamund.

Parisnath Hill.

Shervaroy Hills.

J. Wood-Mason.
F. Stoliczka.
Unknown donor.
Museum Collector.
F, Day.

F. Beddome.

Unknown donor.

H. H. Godwin- Austen.

F. Stoliezka.

G. Hadfield.

F. Day.
Unknown donor.
S. Pratt.

V. Ball.

Captain Houghton.
Dr Gaffney.

S. Pratt.

Karachi Museum.
W. Daly.

G. Hadfield.

G. M. J. Giles.
K. Hallowes.
Unknown donor.
F. Beddome.

N. Annandale.

inches long, just under

I alle
Wisin Wil ere

9 $,4 9,8 young.
2 Sg.

il ejay fods

il Beal) Oe

{ Numerous immature

\ specimens.

14 immature specimens.
Weide Pe

Or Sul Oe

il Bie

bo
+0

bo
Oy
.

—
+O

1 g,1 9,3 young.

2, 12 immature.

bo
+0

82

In the following two specimens the anterior half of the gastric region is
covered with small squamiform tubercles :—

a Madathoray, Travancore. N. Annandale. 29.

It is a pity that the good old name indica, by which this species is so
well known, has had to be changed; but it is extremely unfortunate that
the name now chosen should be jacguemontii, because it is very doubtful
whether the so-called genus Paratelphusa is anything but a section of
Geearcinucus, and there is already a well-known Gecarcinucus jacquemontii.
If Puratelphusa be hereafter united with Gecarcinucus, we shall want still
another name for Paratelphusa jacquemontii, alias Telphusa indica.

7. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) LAMELLIFRONS, Alcock. (Fig. 18.)

This species differs from P. jaequemontii only in the following particulars,
females being compared (in the absence of a male) :—

Owing to the prominence of the front, the carapace is longer, its length
being nearer four-fifths than three-fourths of its greatest breadth.

The cervical groove, though very bold and deep, is much broader in
the lateral parts of its course, and in the neighbourhood of the lateral
epibranchial tooth is so broad and superficial as to be vague.

The front in the adult female is much less than one-fourth the greatest
breadth of the carapace, is less deflexed, and has a thin, straight, crenulate,
lamellar edge, which projects much beyond the epistome.

The external orbital tooth is very prominent and sharp, and is separated
from the lower border of the orbit by a very distinct gap.

The distance between the tip of the orbital tooth and the base of the
epibranchial spine forms almost half of the antero-lateral border of the
carapace.

The lateral epibranchial spine is very prominent and acute, and the
antero-lateral margin in rear of it is hardly curved.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests on either side of the mesogastric
furrow form a single prominent undermined crest, as in jacqguemontii; but (1)
the epigastric portion is not distinguished by anything but a slight fullness
beneath the free edge of the crest ; (2) the edge of the crest is very elegantly
crenulate in all its extent; and (8) at its outer end the crest bulges forward
to form an undetached lobe, the convexity of which is on a level with the tip
of the epibranchial spine, and the base of which joins the antero-lateral margin
of the carapace just in front of the base of the epibranchial spine.

The spine at the inner angle of the carpus of the chelipeds is longer
and more acute.

83

In an adult female the carapace is 1;¢ inch long and 2,5; inches broad.

a6.
724 ;
= : Madathoray, Travancore. Travancore Museum. 1 @ (type).
5730 = J

0 Kulattupuza, Travancore. N. Annandale. 1 young 9°.

8. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) CUNICULARIS, Westwood. (Fig. 56.)

Telphusa cunicularis, Westwood, Trans. Entomol. Soc., I., 1836, p. 183, pl. xix.
Potamon (Potamonautes) cunicularis, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 184
(ubi synon.), pl. xv., fig. 10.

Differs from P. jacquemontii in the following particulars :—

The carapace is broader, its length being, in both sexes, well under three-
fourths its greatest breadth ; it is also, as a whole, more convex ; and the lateral
parts of the epibranchial regions are less rugose, especially behind.

The cervical groove is not so broad and deep, and is in places indistinct
or interrupted ; 7 does not distinctly divide the post-orbital crests from the lateral
epibranchial tooth, as is well shown in Westwood’s figure.

The front is more deflexed, and is perhaps even less distinctly bilobed.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are more convex, and the lateral
epibranchial tooth is very much smaller, being often almost obsolete.

Owing to the more superficial nature of the cervical groove, the post-
orbital crests are not distinctly separated from the lateral epibranchial tooth
(or its site), and sometimes appear quite continuous with that tooth.

The merus of the external maxillipeds is more quadrangular in shape, its
anterior border being less oblique; and the longitudinal groove of the external
surface of the ischium is usually quite indistinct.

In the chelipeds the fixed finger is even broader, and none of the teeth
—except sometimes one at the base of the fixed finger of the larger cheliped—
is enlarged.

The species seems not to attain anything like the size of jacquemontii.

6939
2 = Coonoor, Nilgiris. F. Day. 3H Ore
005 4027
a a Shervaroy Hills. F. Beddome. 2 leoe
3606- Ro :
—— —- 2. Shervaroy Hills, W. Daly. 33,49.
4887-9
—- S. Arcot. Museum Collector. 2 5,2 9 (all young).

9. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA), Sp. prox. CUNICULARIS.

In the collection are ten little specimens from South India, which, but for
their size, I should refer to P. cunicularis. The largest of them is an ege

o-
foto}

84

laden female with a carapace only ~ inch long and 1 inch broad. They may
possibly be a dwarf variety of P. cunicularis.

a S. India. F. Beddome. Bjo)
—— S. India. F. Beddome. ae
ae oe S. India. Travancore Museum. DY Gh Oe

10. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) EDENTULA, Alcock. (Fig. 19.)

This species connects P. cunicularis, P. guerini, and P. lugubris. As in
cunicularis, the post-orbital crest runs right into what there is of a lateral
epibranchial tooth ; and, as in guerini, the carapace is convex, and the cervical
groove is broad and deep in all its course. It differs from both in the form of
the 6th abdominal segment of the male, which is a little longer than broad
(longer than in yacguemontii) and almost hour-glass shaped. A vague break, or
suggestion of a break, between the epigastric and post-orbital crests brings the
species near P. /ugubris, of which I was at one time inclined to regard it as a
variety.

Carapace, as in P. guerini, convex, broad, with well-arched lateral borders ;
its length in both sexes is three-fourths its greatest breadth, its depth is half
its length.

Cervical groove broad, deep, running to the lateral epibranchial tooth, but
not dividing it from the post-orbital crest. All the regions are distinct, as is
the mesogastric furrow, but there is no other areolation. There are a few
short, oblique, indistinct wrinkles or tubercles inside the lateral borders, but
otherwise the carapace is smooth to the naked eye; the said wrinkles are most
distinct posteriorly, and may be absent anteriorly,

Front in the adult one-fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace, much
deflexed, its sides convergent, its edge smooth and broadly bilobed.

Outer orbital angle broad, depressed, not dentiform, not separated from
the lower border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace well arched, distinct, but hardly crest-
like, bluntly and feebly crenulate; lateral epibranchial tooth quite feeble or
obsolete, being formed by the junction with the post-crbital crest.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests form, on either side of the meso-
gastric furrow, one unbroken crest, which runs into what there is of a lateral
epibranchial tooth ; the epigastric portions of the crest are broad and blunt, and
only the outer half of the post-orbital portions is at all sharp; the inner portion
of the post-orbital crests is sometimes so blunt as to suggest a break between
them and the epigastric crests.

The mouth-parts conform entirely to the description given for P.
Jacquemontti,

85

In the male abdomen the 6th segment approximates to the hour-glass
shape, the sides being much concave, the distal breadth not much exceeding
the proximal breadth, and the length decidedly exceeding the greatest breadth ;
the 7th segment also is longer than broad.

Chelipeds subequal in the female, unequal—but not immoderately so—in
the adult male; the merus is rugulose, but the carpus and hand are smooth to
the naked eye; the tooth at the inner angle of the carpus is small; the fingers
have hooked tips; only one tooth, in the fixed finger of the larger chele, is a
little enlarged; the dactylus is a little longer than the palm, and the fixed
finger is not excessively broad.

Legs strong, shorter than the smailer cheliped ; the longer propodites are
twice as long as broad, and are a little shorter than their dactyli.

In the largest specimen, a female, the carapace is 1} inch long, 2% inches
broad, and {ths inch deep.

= Naga Hills. N. Belletty. 14,19.
ae — Sibsagar, Assam. S. E. Peal. 1 g,1 Q (types).
ae ol Darband Pass, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. 346,19.

At first sight this species might suggest P. guerini; but in P. guerini the
post-orbital crest ends on the dorsum of the carapace well behind and well
separated from the lateral epibranchial tooth, and the fingers of the chele are
much clumsier.

11. PoramMon (BARYTELPHUSA), sp. proX. GUERINI et EDENTULA.
a N-E. Cachar. i Tae 2,1 © (all young).
These three young individuals—the carapace of the largest just exceeds
£ inch in length—agree well enough with P. edentula, but, being young,
the front is broader (more than a fourth but less than a third the greatest
breadth of the carapace), and the length of the 6th segment of the male
abdomen only equals its distal breadth, and is less than its proximal breadth.

12. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) NAP#A, Alcock. (Fig. 20.)

This species is very very close to P. edentula, being, like it, annectant
between P. cunicularis on the one hand and P. lugubris on the other.

It differs from P. edentula only in the following particulars :—

The surface of the carapace is pitted, and the antero-lateral borders are
cristiform and finely and regularly crenulate.

The epigastric crests are rugose and are more oblique, and hence the
suggestion of a break between them and the post-orbital crests is more

86

manifest. The post-orbital crests are strongly sinuous, and have their edge
much broken up into little tubercles.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is elongate, but its sides are less
concave.

The chelipeds in the male are much more unequal.

The largest specimen (male) has a carapace 1‘; inch long, 13 inch broad,
and 3 inch deep.

5524

Baz 2 10 : Ganjam in N. Cachar. Purchased. 5 ¢, 6 @ (including types).

13. ParaTELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) PULVINATA, Alcock. (Fig. 21.)

This species, though coming from a far distant locality, is most closely
related to P. edentula. It is at once distinguished from everything in this
subgenus by the long, narrow, 6th abdominal segment of the adult male, and
by the remarkable convexity of the carapace, which is subcylindrical, as in
Gecarcinucus.

It differs from P. edentula in the following particulars :—

The carapace is broader and very much more convex; its length in the
adult female is three-fourths its greatest breadth, but in the adult male is con-
siderably less than this ; its depth much exceeds half its length. The loop made
by the cervical groove is longer and narrower.

The front is more than a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace even in
the adult male ; its edge is feebly sinuous, with un indistinct median convexity.

The well-arched antero-lateral borders are subcristiform.

The whole of the post-orbital portion of the crest of the carapace is sharp ;
the end of the crest does not always run quite into the small lateral epibranchial
tooth.

In the external maxillipeds the merus is very slightly broader than long.

In the male abdomen the two terminal segments are particularly long and
narrow ; in the 6th segment the sides are faintly concave, and the proximal and
distal breadth are equal, the breadth being only two-thirds of the length.

In the adult male the disparity between the chelipeds is greater, the outer
surface of the merus is less rugulose, and one tooth in the dactylus as well as
one in the fixed finger is enlarged.

In the legs the longest propodites are not twice as long as broad.

In an adult male the carapace is 1;% inch long, 1+} inch broad, and {ths
inch deep.

6419 2

3 Coorg. G. L. Hadfield. 4 $,1 2 (types).
5FAQH
a Ootacamund. F. Beddome. 2 ¢,1 2 (immature).

This species has a remarkably strong resemblance to Gecarcinucus.

87

14. ParaTELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) GUERINI, Milne Edwards.
(Fig. 57.)

Telphusa querini, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (3), XX., 1853, p. 210.
Potamon (Potamonautes) guerini, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 186 (ubi
lit.), pl. xvi., fig. 2.

Carapace broad, deepish, and strongly convex ; its length in the adult
male is about two-thirds its greatest breadth, but is more than two-thirds in
the adult female; its depth is half its length, or more; its surface is, to the
naked eye, smooth, except for a few short faintish rugee just inside the lateral
borders.

Cervical groove broad and deep, running towards but not reaching the
site of the lateral epibranchial tooth.

Except for the longitudinal mesogastric furrow the regions of the carapace
are not areolated.

Front, in adults, more than a fourth the greatest breadth of the
carapace, much deflexed, rather square-cut, although its sides are con-
vergent and its smooth edge is feebly bilobed ; its surface, though smooth, is
tumid.

Orbits wide, with a smooth edge; the outer orbital angle is very broad,
low, and blunt, and there is no distinct gap ventral of it.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace strongly convex, well defined, bluntly
and rather irregularly crenulate ; the lateral epibranchial tooth and notch are
only just discernible at the best of times.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests form one bold ridge on either side of
the mesogastric furrow, the epigastric portion being distinguished by its
bluntness and greater thickness; the crest ends on the dorsum of the carapace
well behind the site of the lateral epibranchial tooth, and it is not anywhere cut
by the cervical groove.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is long (its length almost equal to
its greatest breadth), but the sides are distinctly convergent; the blunt 7th
segment is longer than broad.

The mouth-parts are as described in jacquemontii, the only noteworthy
difference is that the merus of the external maxillipeds is, as in cunicularis,
more quadrangular in outline.

Chelipeds much more unequal in the male than they are in the female ;
much as described in jacquemontii, with the modifications noticed in cunicularis
—that is to say, the fingers, particularly the fixed finger, are broader, and none
of the teeth is remarkably enlarged.

Legs as described in jaequemontiz.

88

In an adult male the carapace is 1,5 inch long, 2 inches broad, and tsths
inch deep.

ey ae : vey Khandalla. F. Stoliezka. 12 3,79.

4001 Bilaspur, Central Provinces. W. T. Blanford. 1497

eos. Poona. Unknown donor. 2g, 1 2 (young).
a Bombay. W. T. Blanford. Ig.

—— Lanauli. F. Stoliezka. Siero a) Pe

ed Near Kuerli Caves. F. Stoliezka. Br ince So

15. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) GUERINI, var. PLANATA, A. M. Edw.
PE XN yh
Telphusa planata, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, V., 1869, p. 181, pl. xi., fig. 3.

Potamon (Potamonautes) planatus, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 187 (wbi
lit.), pl. xvi., fig. 4.

In this variety the carapace is less convex, the front is squarer cut owing
to its sides being nearer the parallel, and the groove of the ventral surface of
the ischium of the external maxillipeds is fainter.

Tn an adult male the carapace is 14 inch long, 2} inches broad, and #ths inch
deep.

eee Nassik. Colonel Houghton. SEG
5481 F

0" Mahableshwar. J. Wood-Mason. Deel
aS. Kurraballi. J. Wood-Mason. Ie
a Mahableshwar and Khandalla. Unknown donor. oie gas

16. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) GUERINI, var. POCOCKIANA, Henderson.

5 /
fx KX /

Telphusa pocockiana, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool. (2), V., 1893, p. 384, pl. xxxvii., figs. 5-8.

In this variety the carapace is flatter, the front is squarer cut (its sides
being parallel), and the groove of the ventral surface of the ischium of the
external maxillipeds is even less distinct than in the variety planata.

A more noteworthy difference is in the shape of the 6th segment of the
abdomen of the adult male, the sides of which are straight and quite strongly
convergent, so that the length of this segment is only just equal to its distal
breadth.

89

In an adult male the carapace is 1,'; inch long, 1+ inch broad, and ++ths
inch deep.

aah Jubbulpore. F. Stoliezka. Cea nol
532-7 3541-5
unos ‘ A Bp sT SD! Chunar. J. Wood-Mason. 4 Be 6 9
7 7
695 A
ee Sirguja, Chota Nagpur. — V. Ball. 36,19.

17. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) POLLICARIS, Alcock. (Fig. 2

iS)
—

Colour in spirit rich chocolate, with blackish points to the chele.

Carapace flat, its length in the adult male about three-fourths its greatest
breadth and more than that in the adult female, its depth a good deal less than
half its length; the lateral half of each epibranchial region is obliquely
rugulose ; the front and sometimes the anterior limit of the gastric region are
also rugulose.

Cervical groove deep and broad; it runs wide and distinct right up to
a point behind the lateral epibranchial tooth on either side. All the regions
are distinct, as is the median mesogastric groove, but there is no other
areolation.

Front in adults rather more than one-fourth the greatest breadth of the
carapace, moderately declivous, square-cut, though its sides converge ; its edge
feebly crenulate, feebly sinuous.

External orbital tooth broad, low, blunt, meeting the lower border of the
orbit without any notch.

Antero-lateral margins of carapace well defined but hardly cristiform ;
irregularly crenulate; about half their eatent lies in front of the lateral
epibranchial tooth, which, though distinct, is blunt and hardly prominent.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests form one strong, almost straight,
feebly-crenulate ridge, running, on either side, from the mesogastric furrow
obliquely into the lateral epibranchial tooth, the tooth in fact being formed by the
junction of the edge of the carapace with the crest; the epigastric portion of
each crest is distinguished by its thickness and rugosity.

In the abdomen of the adult male the 6th segment has convergent sides,
but its length exceeds its distal breadth ; the length of the 7th segment exceeds
its greatest breadth.

The mouth-parts conform to the description given for P. jacquemontii, the
only notable difference being that the groove of the ventral surface of the
ischium of the external maxillipeds is faint and sometimes absent.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, more so in the male; the fingers broad,
particularly the fixed finger, and having fairly even teeth. The exposed

surfaces of the merus and carpus and the upper surface of the palm are
M

90

transversely squamo-rugulose, but the wrinkles are so fine that they are
sometimes hard to be made out by the unaided eye; at the inner angle of the
carpus is a coarse blunt tooth instead of the usual spine; the dactylus of both
chele is about as long as the palm, and in the larger chele is (particularly in
the adult male) arched so as to meet the fixed finger only at tip.

Legs strong, shorter than the smaller cheliped; the spines of the dactyli
are remarkably strong, and the anterior border of the carpi and both borders of
the propodite are very strongly serrate.

In an adult male the carapace is 14 inch long, 2 inches broad, and tiths
inch deep.

The nearest relative of this Travancore species is undoubtedly P. /ugubris,
from the Himalayas.

In P. Jugubris and all its varieties the epigastric crests form an obtuse
angle with the post-orbital crests and are separated from them by a vague
break, and the fixed finger of the chelee is not so broad at base; there are no
other constant differences between the two species.

a S. India. Travancore Museum. : eae eee

From P. jacquemontii the above species is easily distinguished by the
cervical groove, which meets the antero-lateral border of the carapace at{a point
well behind the lateral epibranchial tooth, on either side.

Group Il. The epigastric and post-orbital crests are incompletely or
indistinctly (sometimes very indistinctly) separated from one another.

I. Carapace distinctly oval in outline, the antero-lateral borders sharply defined
and suberistiform or cristiform; lateral epibranchial tooth obsolete :—
i. Antero-lateral borders of carapace irregularly crenulate, not cristiform, P. edentula.
ii. Antero-lateral borders of carapace regularly crenulate, cristiform . P. napea.
II. Carapace not distinctly oval in outline, the antero-lateral borders not sharply
pinched-off from the general surface :—
i. External orbital tooth broad and blunt; lateral epibranchial tooth
small and blunt, or obsolescent ; general plane of carapace flat :—
1. Carapace not eae a flat, its depth nearly equals half its

length P. lugubris.
2. Carapace flat sans please, its ain mnch nae than hale i
length :—
1. Propodites of legs remarkably serrate; fingers of chele
remarkably broad C P. falcidigitis.
b. Propodites of legs Peeeoca bly pecrtter caters of chele
reasonably broad 0 P. plauta.
. External orbital tooth subacute ; ierecal epibrenchial tooth shane af
“tai size; general plane of carapace somewhat convex . P. harpac.

. External orbital tooth subacute; lateral epibranchial tooth large,
pone sharp; general plane of carapace tumid . ; . P. masoniana.

91

18. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) LUGUBRIS, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 58.)

Telphusa lugubris, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., 1871, pt. II., p. 197, pl. xii., figs. 5-7.
Potamon (Potamon) lugubris, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum, (4), VI., 1904, p. 308 (whi lit.).

Colour in spirit dark brown or bronze, sometimes becoming nearly black ;
superficial cuticle sometimes furfuraceous, sometimes thick, adherent, and
smooth and shiny.

Carapace flat or flattish, though the individual regions have a slight con-
vexity; its length sometimes slightly over, sometimes slightly under, three-
fourths its greatest breadth, its depth a little less than half its length; its
surface to the naked eye finely and abundantly pitted, with some fine oblique
wrinkles just inside the lateral borders; its regions well defined, but, except
for the anterior mesogastric groove and two faint preecardiac facets, not
areolated.

Cervical groove very broad and deep, running sometimes to, sometimes to
a point slightly behind, the lateral epigastric tooth on either side.

Front in the adult one-fourth, or slightly more or less, the greatest breadth
of the carapace, declivous, pitted, or rugulose, with a thick, very obscurely
crenulate edge, feebly bilobed.

Orbits wide ; outer orbital angle broad, low, blunt, sometimes dentiform,
sometimes not; not separated from the lower border of the orbit by any gap.
Eyes comparatively small.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace fairly convex, well defined, but not
cristiform, very obscurely crenulate ; from about two-fifths to about half of their
extent is in front of the lateral epibranchial tooth, which is always small and
is occasionally almost indistinguishable.

Epigastric crests broad, blunt, rugulose, oblique; their outer ends are
sometimes continuous with the post-orbital crests (though meeting them at an
angle) and are sometimes incompletely separated from them by a very vague
break. The post-orbital crests are sharpish in their outer half; sometimes they
run into the lateral epibranchial denticle without any break, sometimes they
are broken into tubercles at their outer end, but can still be traced into the
lateral epibranchial denticle.

The outline of the male abdomen is, as in most Paratelphuse, a broad-
based, distally-contracted triangle with broadly-rounded apex ; the 6th segment
has convergent, slightly concave sides, and its length is equal to its distal
breadth ; the length of the 7th segment is equal to its proximal breadth.

The mouth-parts agree in all respects with those of P. jacquemontii
(=“ Telphusa indica”); the only noteworthy difference is that in the external
maxillipeds the ischial groove is sometimes deeper, and the merus is broader
and shorter, with its anterior border more oblique.

92

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, most so in old males. The lower edges
of the merus are smoothly beaded or bluntly crenulate, the upper border and
outer surface are finely rugulose. The upper and outer surfaces of the carpus
are pitted and obscurely reticulated with half-effaced, squamiform, or rugulose
markings. The tooth at the inner angle of the carpus is coarse but often small.
The surface of the palm and fingers is abundantly pitted, the palm being, other-
wise, sometimes almost smooth, but generally roughened with obscure reticular
markings. The fingers are very strong, and are broad, compressed, fairly
evenly toothed, and longer than the palm.

The chelipeds, indeed, are very variable, especially the larger chelee ; in
the young the larger chelee are not immoderately enlarged, and the fingers are
stout and little arched, and do not gape when closed; in the adult female and
in ordinary males the dactylus of the larger chelee is quite moderately arched,
and the fingers gape a little at base when closed; in some old males the hand
of the larger cheliped becomes enormously magnified, and the dactylus is so
strongly arched that it meets the fixed finger only at tip.

Legs stout, shorter than the chelipeds; the longer propodites are about
twice as long as broad, and are a good deal shorter than their dactyli.

This species grows to a considerable size, a carapace of 2 inches diameter
being not uncommon.

Paratelphusa lugubris seems to be a more than ordinary variable species,
and in justification for the course I have taken (after much laborious pre-
liminary work) in describing so many forms as varieties of it, | will here specify
the more noteworthy variations that can be detected in adult individuals of the
same sex collected at the same time and in the same place :—

(1) Mares.—Length of carapace varies from 70 per cent. of breadth to
75 per cent. of breadth.

Cervical groove in the same individual may run up to the epibranchial
tooth on one side, and to the edge of the carapace well behind the epibranchial
tooth on the other side.

Width of front varies from 25 per cent. of breadth of carapace to 28°5 per
cent. of breadth of carapace (adults).

Epigastric crest may be continuous with post-orbital crest on one side,
and discontinuous on the other side, in the same individual.

(2) Femaes.—Length of carapace varies from 72°5 per cent. of breadth to
75 per cent. of breadth.

Cervical groove may run on to the epibranchial tooth or to a point
behind it.

Width of front varies from 242 per cent. of breadth of carapace to 25°8
per cent. of breadth of carapace (adults).

Epigastric crests may be clearly continuous with the post-orbital crests
or not.

93

The variability of the chele has been already mentioned, as has that of the
lateral epibranchial tooth.

a Teesta Valley, Darjiling. J. Wood-Mason. 1 @ (type).
SUE Punkabari, Darjiling. F. Stoliczka. 1 ¢ (type), 1 young ¢.
= Manipur Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 2 ¢, 4 young.
== Dafla Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 2 young ¢.
a Thankot Hills, Nepal. Museum Collector. AS Sule Pe
= Sikkim. J. Gammie. 23 Si LAE.
4080. Sikkim. W. S. Atkinson. 2$,39.
— Garo Hills, H. H. Godwin-Austen. 3 young ¢.
go Teesta Valley. W. T. Blanford. De dato ors
= No loc. recorded. Donor unknown. Sediatom ae
ee Dafla Hills. Botanical Collector. pa
ee Cherrapunji. Museum Collector. Wy eee

19. PaRATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) LUGUBRIS, var. NIGERRIMA, Alcock.

In this variety the carapace is not quite so broad as it is in many males
of the typical form, and the lateral epibranchial tooth, though by no means
spine-like, is more prominent. The cervical groove is deeper cut, and so the
individual regions of the carapace look more convex. The antero-lateral
borders of the carapace are slightly less convex. Its colour is darker, being
greenish black or almost coal black (in spirit).

In the largest female the carapace is 1} inch long, 2:5 inches broad, and
3ths inch deep.

ar | [ 44,29.
parte. ane Changsil, N. Lushai. Mr Aitken. 4

5546 9

0.3 2 young ?.

20. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) LUGUBRIS, var. PLAUTA, Alcock.
(Fig. 23.)

This variety agrees with the type in every particular except the following :—

The carapace is particularly flat (even the individual regions, the gastric
excepted, are flat) and is not quite so broad as in the type, and its antero-lateral
borders are slightly less convex.

The wings of the cervical groove are broader and more superficial.

94

In a large male the carapace is 13 inch long, 2} inches broad, and ths
inch deep.

a Assam. | ATG
5464 S. E. Peal. ss seed:
10 ES
555] - Sibsagar, Assam.
DVO

= eg

10 | 5599
4042 Bee oc :
= Khasi Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 1igxone
= Naga Hills. SS Rater Tae agnon

21. ParaTeLpHusa (BARYTELPHUSA) FALCIDIGITIS, Alcock. (Fig. 24.)

This ‘‘ species ” I believe to be a variety of dugubris.

It resembles the variety plawta in having the carapace very decidedly flat
(with even the individual regions hardly tumid), and not quite so broad as in
the type of /ugubris, and the wings of the cervical groove broader and a trifle
more superficial.

Beyond this it differs from the type of /ugubris only in the following
particulars :—

The lateral epibranchial tooth is smaller and smoother; it is sometimes
obsolete.

The post-orbital crests are sharper.

In the male abdomen the 6th segment is, as in old individuals of harpaa,
longer, its length being nearly equal to its proximal breadth and exceeding its
distal breadth.

The chelipeds have their surface sculpture even more effaced-looking, so
that, though they are not smooth, they have a sort of “smoothed” look; they
are not so unequal, the smaller cheliped being larger in proportion than in
lugubris. They have the fingers very remarkably broadened, so that, although
the dactylus is very strongly curved along the upper border, the fingers, when
closed, are in contact, or almost so, along their whole cutting edge. Sometimes
there is a row of two or three spines, or large bead-like granules, on the base of
the upper surface of the dactylus.

The legs are remarkable for the peculiarly strong spines of the edges of the
dactyli, and for the very sharply and prominently serrated edges of the
propodites.

In the largest specimen, a female, the carapace is 2 inches long, 2};
inches broad, and 1 inch deep.

2 9 :
et a Khasi Hills. | 3nee
6974 H. H. Godwin-Austen. -

a Cherra Puniji. | MM go

95

8 :

= : Garo Hills. H. Williamson. 6 2 (young).
2 Naga Hills. N. Belletty. 1 3,1 9 (types).
5518 Phage <:

10 Ganjam in North Cachar. E. C. S. Baker. IN ein a) PE
5525 5541 5552

10 0s, SLOW Ganjam in | ;
5562 5524 ecGschan aes (ate

10” 10 (part). |

22. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) HARPAX, Alcock. (Fig. 25.)

This form, which I believe to be only a variety of /ugubris, differs from
lugubris only in the following particulars :—

The colour in spirit specimens is lighter.

The carapace is a little more convex (not so much so as in P. masoniana) ;
it is not so broad, its length always being slightly more than three-fourths its
greatest breadth; the cervical groove is deeper, and so the regions appear
individually more convex.

The external orbital angle is more prominent—in fact, is a distinct tooth.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are less convex, and the lateral
epibranchial tooth is of good size, prominent, and acute.

The 6th segment of the abdomen in the largest old males is longer (its
length being almost equal to its proximal breadth and slightly exceeding its
distal breadth), and its sides are more concave.

The chelipeds are similar, and vary in the same way according to sex
and age; the only noteworthy difference is that the spine at the inner angle
of the carpus is sometimes finer and sharper, and that the fingers are a little
longer.

In a large female the carapace is 2 inches long, 21: inches broad, and
1 inch deep; in the largest male the carapace is 2 inches long, 21; inches
broad, and 1 inch deep; and the enlarged hand (fingers included) is 3 inches
long, the dactylus being nearly 2} inches in length.

The difference between this form and P. masoniana is to be made out in
the less convex carapace, the less prominent external orbital and lateral
epibranchial teeth, and the more oblique set of the epigastric crests.

ee Assam (?) S. E. Peal. ee

= Cachar. E. B. Baker. IGOR

— Hill stream near Harmutti. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 1 young ¢.
5)

ee | ( 1 young ¢.

6981 Assam. Captain Butler.

ae | | 1 young ¢.

96

S980) Khasi Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. Wr.
= Naga Hills. S. E. Peal. 2 9,3 young ¢.
4058 4
eee Base of Garo Hills. N. Belletty. 1 9,2 young ¢.

, 5 :
ey Garo Hills. N. Belletty. [Pasig Me Caeire!

4 \ ing types).

—s Barak River, Silchar. J. Wood-Mason. 1 g,6 9, 3 young.
6574-76 =
sone Central Sylhet. J. Wood-Mason. 3 young.
5559 ;
ene Garo Hills. H. Williamson. Ie 50

23. PARATELPHUSA (BARYTELPHUSA) MASONIANA, Henderson. (Fig. 59.)

Telphusa masoniana, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2), V., 1898, p. 381, pl. xxxvii., figs. 1-4.
Potamon (Potamon) masonianus, M. J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., 1904, p. 299 (wbi lit.),
pl. xi., fig. 10.

I believe this “species” to be a variety of P. lugubris, P. harpax being
the connecting form between the two.

It agrees with P. /ugubris in all particulars but the following :—

The carapace as a whole, and quite apart from the individual convexity
of the several regions, is distinctly tumid; its relative length is a little
greater.

The cervical groove runs rather to the inside than to the outside of the
lateral epibranchial tooth on either side.

The front is slightly less declivous. The epigastric crests are less oblique.

The outer orbital tooth is prominent and acute. The lateral epibranchial
tooth also is large, prominent, and acuminate.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are not so strongly convex.

As in harpax and falcidigitis, the 6th segment of the abdomen of the adult
male is a little longer, its length very slightly exceeding its distal breadth, and
its sides are more concave.

In the chelipeds the spine at the inner angle of the carpus is sharper.

The larger cheliped exhibits the same modifications according to age and
sex as in P. lugubris and P. harpaz.

In the largest male the carapace is 2 inches long, 2$ inches broad, and

+ inch deep, and the greatly enlarged hand is 3;%; inches long, the length of
the great curved dactylus being 22 inches.

From P. harpax this form differs only in the greater convexity of the
carapace, the slightly sharper and more prominent external orbital and lateral
epibranchial teeth, and the less oblique set of the epigastric crests. But it is
more than probable that all these forms are nothing more than varieties of
P. lugubris.

97

ae R. Bias. F. Day. ase.
4112 : : : 2 ae e |
Ts Hardwar, Saharanpur, and Rurki. — J. Wood-Mason. NGS entey ie
ea (part). Darbhanga. Miss Nora Coates. 5 6,3 92.
ae Dehra Dun. ; F. Finn. Grciskon fue
446 5449 xs
a Tie Bijnor. Museum Collector. 2 ¢,1 9.
ae Loc. unrecorded. W. T. Blanford. 44,29.
5499-
= 3 Nagla, Naini Tal. Museum Collector. 3 ¢.

Subgenus III.—Ozioretpuusa, Miiller.
Type: Oziotelphusa hydrodromus (Herbst).

No spine on upper border of merus of chelipeds; no large spines or teeth
—other than perhaps the external orbital angle and the lateral epibranchial
tooth—on the antero-lateral borders of the carapace.

The epigastric crests are sharpish and are in advance of and quite
independent of the post-orbital crests.

The exopodite of the external maxillipeds carries a long, strong, plumose
flagellum.

The cervical groove runs in the direction of the outer orbital tooth, becom-
ing indistinct just behind the post-orbital crests.

As the generic name Hydrodromus is occupied, P. Miiller’s name, Oz/otel-
phusa, may stand for this subgenus, though not in the sense proposed by that
author.

The Indian species may be tabulated as follows :—

I. The free edge of the “front” proper and the antennular edge of the

front are separate :—
. Post-orbital crests ending well in rear of the lateral epibranchial

"toot which is small ; . P. hydrodromus.
. Post-orbital crests ending alenst’o on a evel with the lateral epi-
ee tooth, which is prominent and acute , . P. bower.

II. The free edge of the front is identical with the antennular edeee legs
long and leaden! the propodite of the 2nd pair more than three times
as ae as broad 5 : E A F $ 5 LEB

24, PARATELPHUSA (OZIOTELPHUSA) HypRoDROMUS, Herbst. (Fig. 60.)

Potamon (Potamon) hydrodromus (Herbst), senex Fabr., and wagrakarowensis Rathbun, Mary J. Rathbun,
Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., pp. 287, 292 (wbi synon.), pl. xii., figs. 1-4.
Telphusa (Oziotelphusa) hippocastanum, Miiller, Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel., VIII., 1887, p. 482, pl. v., fig. 7.

Carapace rather strongly convex fore and aft; its length in old males is

about two-thirds its greatest breadth, but in adult females and in smaller
N

98

individuals of both sexes its length is three-fourths its greatest breadth, or even
more ; its depth is half its length; its surface is, to the naked eye, quite
smooth, except for a very fine strize which pass from the side-walls across the
postero-lateral borders.

The cervical groove is distinct but rather superficial; it disappears
altogether just behind the post-orbital crests, at a point in line with the
orbital tooth. The regions—gastric, cardiac, and epibranchial—are quite well
defined ; the small pair of preecardiac facets are distinet but faint; the narrow
tip of the mesogastric area is distinguishable behind the narrow groove that
separates the epigastric crests.

Front in the adult about a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, with
convergent sides, and only moderately declivous; its free edge is sharp and
broadly bilobed. The fold of the front that is turned in to form the inter-
antennular septum and the roof of the antennular fossz has a distinct edge of
its own independent of the free sharp edge of the “front” proper.

Orbits broad; external orbital tooth blunt and not separated from the
lower border of the orbit by a gap as it is in the great majority of species of
Potamon.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace convex, cristiform, smooth, and entire
in old individuals, very finely crenulate in younger individuals; lateral
epibranchial tooth well formed but rather blunt. Postero-lateral borders ill
defined, convergent.

Epigastric crests sub-trenchant, sub-crescentic, overlapping and slightly in
advance of the post-orbital crests. Post-orbital crests trenchant, sinuous, end-
ing in line with, but well behind, the lateral epibranchial tooth. In the groove
between the post-orbital crest and the orbital edge there is often a small
tubercle which is sometimes scrobiculate.

The abdomen of the adult male forms a broad-based triangle, owing to the
narrowness of the three terminal segments compared with the basal segments ;
the 6th segment is nearly as long as broad, and the ‘th is slightly longer than
broad.

Basal (2nd) joint of antennal peduncle short; the succeeding joints are
overlapped by the front.

The mandibular palp seems to consist of only two distinct joints; the
distal joint consists of two lobes, a broad anterior lobe overhanging the
mandible anteriorly, and a falciform lobe lying behind the incisor edge of the
mandible.

All the maxillipeds have a strong flagellum to their exopodite. The merus
of the external maxillipeds is rudely oblong, its breadth considerably exceeding
its length.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes; the merus has crenulate edges and very
faint squamiform surface-sculpture, but the surface of the other joints is to the

99

naked eye practically smooth; the carpus has a strong sharp spine—with a
small accessory cusp at base—at its inner angle ; the fingers are a little longer
than the palm, are stout and compressed, and, in the larger cheliped, they gape,
but not immoderately, when the tips are apposed.

The legs are strong, but are shorter even than the smaller cheliped ; the
longer propodites are barely twice as long as broad, and are nearly as long as
their dactyli.

In fresh-preserved specimens the carapace is either speckled or mottled,
but not in specimens that have been many years in spirit.

In two large males the carapace is 14 inch long, 23 inches broad, and #ths
inch deep; in two large females it is 1,%; inch long, 2} inches broad, and ,%,ths
inch deep; in some small males it is t}ths inch long and only +iths inch broad.

ARTA
= Ranigunj, Low. Bengal. J. Wood-Mason. 39,69.
6420 : -

3 Dumagudin and Ellore. W. T. Blanford. KO) (205 Coy SP
ot Pondicherry. Purchased. 26,49.
a Madras. J. Wood-Mason’s servant. 1 ¢,4 9.
au Calcutta. J. Wood-Mason. lege

Q
ee Madras. EeDay: 49,29.
4003 :
a7 Barabhoom, Low. Bengal. Museum Collector. 5

5)

a Allahabad! @, Deseo ie
52

a 2 f Madras. Purchased. 36,49

— — Loe. (?) Karachi Museum. It 55.0) Qo

3281-8 F 5

eae “89 Trivandrum. 33 1-2
7

No Number. Travancore. 93,69

rr 4_9 . Trav re Mus ;

= 23 Tee Bae ravancore Museum é dalle

1788-95 ,

10 S. India. 44,39
— Ramnad, Madura. We
ous Sur Lake, Orissa. 33,39

10 ,

Se » N. Annandale.
5731-32 7 ee

= Travancore. D jo Oe

10
5742 5
s0n Pallode, Travancore. 63,39.

Almost all the above have the post-orbital tubercle said to be characteristic
of “ Potamon” wagrakarowensis.

100

‘ wz Calicut. G. Hadfield. Wt yO
i
ae Shervaroy Hills. F. Beddome. Io.
5
5431 : ce
aa Bankura, Low. Bengal. C. R. M. Green. Il Ge
ae Shencottah, Travancore. N. Annandale. SiGe LOLOe

25, PARATELPHUSA (OZIOTELPHUSA) HYDRODROMUS, var. (?)

This is a small and immature male, and I do not know what to make of it.
It is like hydrodromus, but the post-orbital crests are very strongly sinuous, the
inner half being oblique and the outer half running into the epibranchial
tooth; they are also more overlapped by, and more in rear of, the epigastric
crests.

Vembanaad Lake, Travancore. N. Annandale. 1 ¢ (immature).

26, PARATELPHUSA (OZIOTELPHUSA) BOUVIERI, Rathbun. (Fig. 61.)

Potamon (Potamon) bouvieri, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., 1904, p. 293 (whi synon.),
pl. xii., fig. 5.

Agrees very closely with Paratelphusa hydrodromus, and differs only in
the following particulars :—

The carapace (at least in adult males) is not so convex; it is closely
covered with a fine furfuraceous pubescence beneath which it is closely and
minutely granular; its antero-lateral borders are much less convex and the
lateral epibranchial teeth are larger, more prominent, and sharper; the oblique
strive crossing the postero-lateral borders are more numerous and more distinct ;
the postero-lateral borders are less convergent.

The front is broader, its breadth in the adult being decidedly more than a
third the greatest breadth of the carapace, and is less declivous.

The post-orbital crests are straighter and more transverse, and they run
almost to the base of the lateral epibranchial spine.

The legs are slightly stronger and longer.

3601-5 3584-8 ae ;
= os 3584 88 Yerkad, Shervaroy Hills. W. Daly. 94,69.

7

The above form is probably only a hill variety of P. hydrodronius.

101

27. PARATELPHUSA (OZIOTELPHUSA), sp.

A single female specimen, mature, but much broken, from the Garo Hills.
Its carapace is }3ths inch long, 1,'; inch in greatest breadth, and ,%,ths inch deep.
It probably belongs to the same group as hydrodromus, having (1) the same form
of mandibular palp ; (2) flagellate exopodites to the maxillipeds; and (3) a
cervical groove that runs towards the outer orbital teeth but becomes lost
before reaching the post-orbital crests. Also the epigastric crests overlap, and
are in advance of and independent of the post-orbital crests, and are thin and
almost trenchant.

The characteristic features of the species, so far as they can be made out
from the single damaged specimen, are as follows :-—

The front is square-cut and vertically deflexed, and has its edge so much
turned in that the antennular fosse are mere chinks: its edge is practically
straight and is not reduplicated as it is in the two preceding species.

The preecardiac region and an area of the epibranchial region on either side
of it are considerably sunken.

The epigastric crests.are oblique. The post-orbital crests are thin and
subtrenchant in their inner half, and then become inflated and indistinct, but
can be traced to the lateral epibranchial tooth.

The legs are long and slender ; in the second pair the propodites are about
three and a half times as long as broad.

e

4022 . : :
ia Garo Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1 9.

Subgenus [V.—Puricore.PHusa.
Type: Phricotelphusa callianira, de Man.

No spine on upper border of merus of chelipeds ; no large spines or teeth
—except, perhaps, the outer orbital angle and a lateral epibranchial tooth—on
antero-lateral borders of carapace.

Epigastric crests sharp or sharpish, independent of and well in advance of
the sharp post-orbital crests.

The exopodite of the external maxillipeds is non-flagellate in all the
species but one, and in that species it is variable in size and not constant in
occurrence.

The cervical groove is distinctly cut only where it bounds the mesogastric
area posteriorly ; elsewhere it is hard to trace.

The antennal flagellum is always short, and may be vestigial and hidden,
or altogether wanting.

102

All the Indian species are small. They may be tabulated as follows, for
convenience of identification :—

I. One pair of epigastric crests present as usual; exopodite of external maxillipeds
as long as the ischium, which is longitudinally grooved on the ventral
surface :—

i. Epigastric crests with trenchant edge ; epibranchial tooth prominent ;
6th abdominal segment of adult male as long as broad; antennal

flagellum small but distinct ; P. callianira.
i. Epigastric crests comparatively aeses epibranchial tooth eral or
obsolescent :—
1. Antennal flagellum vestigial, not visible without dissection ; the
vertically-deflexed portion of the front forms a distinct facet . P. elegans.
2. Antennal flagellum small but distinct; no well-defined frontal
facet :—
1. Exopodite of external maxillipeds with or without flagellum ;
epigastric crests distinct : : . P. gageii.
6. Exopodite of external maxillipeds maine a fngellnne epi-
gastric crests indistinct 6 P. campestris.

II. Two pairs of epigastric crests, one pair in rear of the prnens ; erapodite ef
external maxillipeds only about half as long as the ischium, which is not
longitudinally grooved ; no antennal flagellum : : . . P. carinifera.

Or, the species of Phricotelphusa may be tabulated thus :—

I. Exopodites of external maxillipeds non-flagellate :—
i. One pair of epigastric crests :—
1. Antennal flagellum small but visible :—
1. Epigastric and post-orbital crests thin and sharp
6. Epigastric and post-orbital crests indistinct Je;
. Antennal flagellum vestigial and completely hidden under ie
aries é . : : : ; . P. elegans.
ii. Two pairs of epigastric mere : . 2
II. Exopodites of external maxillipeds sometimes flagellate, one pair of epigastric
crests which are rather obtuse ; antennal flagellum small but visible . P. gageii.

~~
~)

. callianira
- campestris.

. carinifera.

The subgenus Phricote/phusa graduates into the next subgenus Liotelphusa
by way of P. campestris and P. gageti. In campestris the epigastric and post-
orbital crests are indistinct ; in gaged the exopodite of the external maxillipeds
may be flagellate.

28, PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA) CALLIANIRA, de Man. (Fig. 62.)

Telphusa callianira, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII., 1887, p. 96, pl. vi., figs. 1-3.
Potamon (Potamon) callianira, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouy. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., 1904, p. 303 (ubi lit.).

Carapace squarish and flattish, its length exceeding three-fourths its
greatest breadth, its depth less than half its length; its surface is finely pitted
under a lens, and the vicinity of the lateral borders is beset with fine oblique
ripples that pass across from the side-walls.

Cervical groove well graven only where it defines the mesogastric area
posteriorly, elsewhere very broad and vague, and running towards the lateral

' 108

epibranchial tooth. The regions of the carapace are not very well defined.
The tip of the mesogastric area is hardly distinguishable apart from the groove
separating the epigastric crests. The epibranchial regions are somewhat tumid
just behind the wings of the broad shallow cervical groove, the tumidity almost
forming a transverse ridge.

Front in the adult about two-tifths the greatest breadth of the carapace,
well deflexed, square-cut, with the free edge nearly straight ; there may be a few
small tubercles on its dorsal surface, and some of them tend to fall in a line
parallel with its edge.

External orbital angle well formed but not prominent, not separated from
the lower border of the orbit by any gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace short, sharp, but scarcely crest-like, not
denticulate ; lateral epibranchial tooth small but distinct and sharp.

Epigastric crests with a sharp sub-crescentic edge, overlapping, and well in
advance of, the sharp post-orbital crests. Each post-orbital crest consists of
two portions, an inner and longer and nearly straight portion, which ends just
inside the line of the orbital tooth, and an outer shorter (and sometimes less
distinct) portion lying somewhat obliquely behind the outer end of the main
part of the crest.

In the abdomen of the adult male, both the 6th and the 7th segments are
slightly longer than broad.

Antennal flagellum very short, but quite visible.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium and is
non-flagellate ; and the merus is much broader than long; the longitudinal
groove on the ventral surface of the ischium is faint, sometimes very faint.

The terminal joint of the mandibular palp is bifurcate from the base, and
consists of two lobes—a broad anterior lobe overlapping the ventral surface of
the mandible, and a narrower falciform lobe which lies behind the incisor edge
of the mandible.

The chelipeds are very unequal in the adult male, but are subequal in the
female ;.merus and carpus with fine squamiform sculpture, hand practically
smooth-; carpus with the usual spine at its inner angle; in the larger cheliped
of the male the dactylus, which is barely as long as the palm, is strongly arched
and meets the fixed finger only at tip.

The legs are considerably longer than the smaller cheliped, and the
posterior border of the propodites is armed with sharp, horny-looking spines
like those of the dactyli; the longer propodites are about twice as long as
broad, and are shorter than the broad compressed dactyli.

In the largest female, which is fully adult, the carapace is ;‘;ths inch long
and +sths inch broad.

? (among which are, probably,

8181
Gm e types of the species).

Mergui. J. Anderson. “ate a7

104

29. PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA), Sp. prox. CALLIANIRA (q).

This species resembles ca//ianira in every particular except the following :—

Under a lens the surface is not only pitted, but also very finely and
copiously reticulated and granulous.

The wings of the cervical groove are even shallower and vaguer.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests are not so distinct; the former are
less in advance of the latter; and the latter end as distinct crests near the
middle line of the orbit.

[In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment only equals its distal
breadth, and the 7th segment is only as long as broad; but the single specimen
is not adult, so that this difference is of no account. |

The exopodite of the external maxillipeds does not reach quite to the end
of the ischium.

In the smaller cheliped the palm is covered with small vesiculous granules
and the fingers are elegantly fluted with lines of somewhat similar granules.
The larger cheliped is missing.

The only specimen in the collection is an immature male with a carapace
sths inch long and {4ths inch broad.

117

5 Egaye, Tavoy. Museum Collector. Ios

I do not care to name the species from a single specimen, especially as I
have not a good series of callianira for comparison.

30. PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA), Sp. Prox. CALLIANIRA (0).
5443 ; : .
i0 Jungle Stream, Dawna Hills, Lower Burma; collected by Dr N.

Annandale. Four young individuals resembling the above, but having the
ereater part of the carapace crisply granulous. The epigastric and post-orbital
crests are as distinct and sharp as in callianira, but have the same disposition
as in the Tavoy form just described.

31. PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA) ELEGANS, de Man. (Fig. 63.)

Potamon, n. sp., de Man, Ann. Mus., Genov. (2), XIX., p. 412 (Potamon elegans, p. 416), pl. v., fig. 8.
Potamon (Potamon) elegans, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., 1904, p. 304.
This species agrees in all main points with ca/lianira, differing only in the
following particulars :—
The distal part of the front is vertically deflexed, and this deflexed portion
forms a distinct facet separated from the rest of the frontal region by a
transverse ridge.

105

The tip of the outer orbital angle is quite flush with the borders of the
orbit. The lateral epibranchial tooth also is extremely small and little
prominent—sometimes obsolescent.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests, though otherwise similar, are not
nearly so sharp and salient; the epigastric crests are blunt, rugulose, and
oblique ; the outer and posterior of the two portions into which the true post-
orbital crests. are divided is often indistinguishable from the short oblique
wrinkles of the neighbouring part of the carapace.

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment only equals its distal
breadth.

The antennal peduncle is completely excluded from the orbital canthus, the
orbital gap being almost closed, and the antennal Jlagellum is vestigial and is
invisible without dissection.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is barely longer than the
ischium.

In the larger cheliped of the male the carpus is as smooth as the hand, and
the strongly-arched dactylus is as long as or longer than the palm.

In the largest adults the carapace is just under ;ths inch long and just
over ;’;ths inch broad,

Though there are a good many specimens in the collection, they are old
and brittle and will scarce bear handling.

4071 | f 27 specimens of all ages.
4077 Kakhyen Hills. J. Anderson. 4
roa | | 22 specimens of all ages.

32. PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA) GAGE, Alcock. (Fig. 26.)

This species is closely related to elegans and callianira.

In life and in fresh spirit specimens the animal is, except on the
ventral surface of the legs, a dark greenish-purplish brown, sometimes almost
black. .

Carapace not much convex, its length about three-fourths its breadth, its
depth less than half its length; its surface uneven, under a lens finely pitted ;
all along its lateral borders are very fine, short, oblique wrinkles and ridges
more or less continued from the side-walls,

Cervical groove broad and deep where it defines the mesogastric area,
elsewhere only vaguely distinguishable as an inequality of level very imperfectly
defining the wings of the gastric region. The cardiac region can just be made
out, and the two small preecardiac facets, though sunken, are distinct. In most
specimens there are three shallow punched-out pits or scars on either side of
the gastric region.

@)

106

Front in the adult more than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace,
declivous to a point near the edge, and then becoming nearly vertically deflexed ;
square-cut, very feebly bilobed, its surface slightly broken. The outer angle of
the orbit does not form a tooth, as the upper and lower borders of the orbit
meet almost flush there. ;

Antero-lateral borders of carapace short, defined but not crest-like ; some-
times they form an almost unbroken curve from the orbit; sometimes an
epibranchial notch or small denticle is present, this being usually the case in
young individuals.

Epigastric crests low, broad, blunt, oblique, rugulose ; separated from and
slightly in advance of the post-orbital crests. Post-orbital crests transverse,
low, but fairly sharp, usually becoming more or less indistinct or blunt at the
level of the outer orbital angle.

Length of 6th segment of male abdomen barely equal to its distal breadth
in the adult.

Antennal flagellum extremely short.

Terminal joint of mandibular palp bilobed as described in hydrodromus
and callianira, ete.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium, and
is usually non-flagellate ; sometimes, however, it carries a short filamentous
flagellum ; the ischium is longitudinally grooved, and the merus is a good deal
broader than long.

Chelipeds nearly equal in the female, very unequal in the adult male; the
surface of the merus—as also in the legs—is transversely rugulose ; the carpus
has its exposed surface rugulose and its inner angle coarsely dentiform ; the
hand is, to the naked eye, practically smooth. In the larger cheliped of the
adult male the palm is longer than high, and is slightly shorter than the fingers ;
and the fingers are unevenly toothed and meet only at the tip, the curve of the
dactylus being very strong in old males. In these old males the length of the
hand and fingers considerably exceeds the breadth of the carapace. In the
smaller cheliped of the male, as in both chelipeds of the female, the fingers are
straight.

Legs about as long as smaller cheliped; posterior edge of propodites
armed with strong spines like those of the dactyli; dactyli compressed,
longer than propodites; longer propodites about twice as long as broad.
Small tufts of bristles are present on the three terminal joints of the
legs.

In the largest adults of both sexes the carapace is ths inch long and 1 inch
broad.

In quite young individuals the post-orbital crests are sharper, and more of
the form of those of callianira.

The flagellum of the exopodite of the external maxillipeds is a variable

107

feature ; it may be present on one side only, and may be a distinct filament ora

mere papilla.

= S.E. Sikkim. W. T. Blanford. 26,29.

eee) Darijiling. J. Gammie. 4g.

= Sikkim. W. S. Atkinson. ite

4310 Buxa, Bhutan. Museum Collector. 1S

5012 Sureil, Kurseong. A. Alcock. [Us 3» de (Gaeta
10 \ ing types).

— Kurseong. N. Annandale. eae Pe

5718 2
io” Kurseong. Museum Collector. Ayal Se

— Kurseong, 5000 ft. N. Annandale. ae) 5 1) Oe

Phricotelphusa gageii demonstrates the close connection between the
subgenera Phricotelphusa and Liotelphusa, both in the form of the exopodite of
the external maxillipeds and in the form of the male abdomen; its epigastric
crests again, though quite distinct, are blunter than in any other species of its
subgenus, except the next species, which exhibits the connection between the
two subgenera even more clearly.

33. PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA) CAMPESTRIS, n. sp. (Fig. 27.)

This species from the Delta of Lower Bengal is very closely related to P.
gagervt from the hills. It may, in fact, be regarded as a gagez7i still further on the
way towards Liotelphusa. It may be described by comparison with that species
(gagett), from which it differs only in the following particulars :—

The colour, in spirit, is greenish-yellowish ; the carapace is not so flat, its
depth being half its length; the front is more distinctly bilobed; the external
orbital angle forms a distinct tooth ; the antero-lateral borders are. not defined,
and in the unique specimen there is no trace of an epibranchial tooth.

The epigastric crests are distinguishable, not as distinct elevations, but as
oblique, elliptical, eroded patches. The post-orbital crests are low and blunt
and faint.

In the external maxillipeds of the unique specimen neither exopodite has any
trace of a flagellum, and the longitudinal groove of the ischium is extremely faint.

In the unique adult male specimen the carapace is a little over {ths inch
long and not quite {ths inch broad.

5d33

10 A. Aleock. A eee

Barnagore, near Calcutta.

I describe this species from a single specimen, with a good deal of hesita-
tion, and contrary to what I believe to be a sound rule. I do so only because,

108

coming from the plains, it is so very closely related to—indeed, it is hardly
more than a variety of—a species living at an elevation of 5000 feet in the
same great hydrographic basin, and because it seems to offer evidence confirma-
tory of Schenkel’s theory of variations in Potamonide. Schenkel thinks that
the cold and therefore more richly aerated waters of mountain torrents
conduce to contraction of the branchial regions, and to flatness of the carapace
in the crabs that live in them; and, conversely, that the greater difficulty of
breathing in the warmer and therefore less aerated water of the plains leads
to expansion of the gill-chambers and to convexity of the carapace. In P.
campestris the carapace certainly is more convex, and its antero-lateral borders
are more tumid, than they are in its near relative from the hill-streams.

I believe that this species may turn out to be a variety of P. gageii.

34, PARATELPHUSA (PHRICOTELPHUSA) CARINIFERA, de Man. (Fig. 64.)

Telphusa carinifera, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII., 1887,p. 100, pl. vi., figs. 4, 5.
Potamon (Potamon) carinifer, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouy. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VI., 1904, p. 308 (udé lit).

This species may be compared with cad/ianira, which it closely resembles,
differing from it only in the following particulars :—

The length of the carapace is about three-fourths its greatest breadth: the
carapace, therefore, is broader; the oblique ridges on the anterior part of the
lateral epibranchial region are sharper and bolder; under a lens the surface of
the carapace is more granulous or rugulose.

The front in the adult is more than two-fifths the greatest breadth of the
carapace; its edge is more distinctly bilobed, and the angle formed at the
Junction of its edge with the edge of the orbit is distinctly produced in a lateral
direction.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are sharper and more cristiform,

The epigastric crests are blunt and rugulose and oblique. There is a
second pair of sharp epigastric crests in rear of the normal pair and slightly
behind the level of the post-orbital crests. (The post-orbital crests are quite
similar to those of eallianira),

In the male abdomen the length of the 6th segment only equals its distal
breadth.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is only about half as long as the
ischium, and the longitudinal groove of the ventral surface of the ischium is
altogether absent.

The antennal flagellum (which is abnormally short in callianira) is alto-
gether absent, and the peduncle is completely excluded from the orbit.

In the largest adults of both sexes the carapace is x%ths inch long, and»
teths inch broad,

2984-89

10

Amherst, Tennaserim. A. R. S. Anderson. Ab issain Gas

109

Subgenus V.—LIoTeLPHUSA.
Type: Liotelphusa levis, Wood-Mason.

This subgenus is not sharply defined; it runs into Phricote/phusa, although
the extremes in both cases are very distinct.
No spine on upper border of merus of chelipeds ; antero-lateral borders
of carapace not spinose.
Epigastric and post-orbital crests obscure; lateral epibranchial spine
small or minute.
The exopodite of the external maxillipeds usually carries a long, strong,
plumose flagellum.
‘The cervical groove is distinctly cut only where it defines the mesogastric
area posteriorly.
All the Indian species are small. They may be tabulated as follows,
along with the annectant forms classed with Phricotelphusa :—
1. Epigastric crests, at least, very inconspicuous ; exopodite of
external maxillipeds strongly flagellate (Liote/phusa) :—
. Edge of the front simple; the length of the sixth abdo-
ae segment of the adult male just equals its distal
breadth :—

1. Inner angle of carpus of chelipeds spiniform :—
a. Carapace broadish; _post-orbital crests quite

pe : : - : 5 EGE:

). Carapace squarish; post-orbital crests fairly

distinct at their outer extreme . P. levis, var. quadrata.
. Inner angle of carpus of chelipeds rounded off . P. sp. prox. levis.

ii. te free edge of the front is distinct from the antennular
edge of ine front; the length of the 6th abdominal
segment of the male exceeds its maximum breadth . P. austrina.
II. Epigastric and post-orbital erests distinct ; exopodite of external
maxillipeds sometimes flagellate, sometimes not : Phricotelphusa gageit.
IIT. Epigastric and post-orbital crests indistinct ; exopodite of sea
maxillipeds non-flagellate : : , < . Phricotelphusa campestris.

35. PARATELPHUSA (LIOTELPHUSA) LEVIS, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 65.)

Telphusa levis, Wood-Mason, Journ. Asiatic Soc., Bengal, XL., 1871, pt. IL, p. 201, pl. xiv., figs. 1-6.
Potamon (Geotelphusa) levis, Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VII., 1905, p. 218 (whi lit.).

Carapace rather square-cut, deep, its length about three-fourths its
greatest breadth, its depth half its length; its surface is smooth, except for
some fine oblique striz near the lateral borders.

Cervical groove restricted to a crescentic depression delimiting the
mesogastric area posteriorly, and there not very deep. Hence the several
regions of the carapace are more to be imagined than defined. As. for

110

areolation, a shallow post-frontal groove, faintly bifurcating, imdicates the
usual fore-lobe of the mesogastric area, and there are four faint oval facets in
a transverse series between the gastric and cardiac regions.

Front in the adult about two-fifths the greatest breadth of the carapace,
square-cut, strongly deflexed, smooth-edged, very faintly bilobed. Outer
orbital angle not prominent, not separated from the lower border of the orbit
by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace well defined, short ; lateral epibranchial
tooth sometimes small and subacute, sometimes a mere granule.

Epigastric crests low, blunt, indistinct, hardly in advance of, and not
distinctly separated from the blunt and indistinct post-orbital crests; the
latter can be traced to the epibranchial tooth.

Abdomen of adult male a broad-based triangle in outline; the 6th segment
has strongly convergent sides, and its length just equals its distal breadth ;
the 7th segment is as long as its proximal breadth, and has a_broadly-
rounded apex.

There is nothing peculiar about the antennee, except that the flagellum
is very small.

Mandibular palp of the typical Paratelphusa form, the terminal joint
being bilobed or bifureate in the way already described.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium,
and earries a strong, plumose flagellum, the ischium is longitudinally grooved,
and the merus is quadrangular and broader than long.

In the adult male, but hardly in the female, the chelipeds are unequal—
markedly so in old males. The merus is distinctly squamulose, the carpus is
much less distinctly so, and the hand is so very indistinctly so as usually to
look quite smooth; the usual spine is present at the inner angle of the
carpus; the fingers are longer than the palm, and are fairly evenly toothed
and nearly straight; but in the enlarged chelee of old males the teeth are
uneven, some of them being enlarged, and the dactylus is arched so that the
fingers gape when closed ; in these old males the fixed finger is often shorter
than the palm, and may be a little bent.

Legs a little longer than the smaller cheliped; the longer propodites are
more than twice as long as broad, and shorter than their dactyli.

In a large adult female the carapace is tiths inch long, tiths inch broad,
and 43nds inch deep.

In recent spirit specimens the colour is a dark greenish violet, becoming
bronzy-red on the chelipeds.

This species is undoubtedly very close to P. (Phricotelphusa) gageii ;
but in that species the carapace is comparatively flat, the crests are sharp,
and the epigastric crests are distinctly in advance of and independent of the
post-orbital crests.

111

— Cherra Punji. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 2 $ (types).
— Cherra Punji. H. H. Godwin-Austen. eres

= Cachar. L. Bourne. OF

5802

= 0a Cherra Punji. Museum Collector. ein () Qe
5532 ; : ¢

0° Shillong. H. H. Godwin-Austen. 29).

36. PARATELPHUSA (LIOTELPHUSA) L&vIs, Wood-Mason, var.

I think this abnormality worth separate notice, because it shows the
closeness of the relation to Phricotelphusa.

The carapace is not less convex, but the epigastric crests are more
independent of the post-orbital crests, and in the latter crests there is a faint
break in the longitude of the inner limit of the outer orbital angle, which cuts
off a little oblique outlying lobe from the crest.

a Cherra Punji. ’ H. H. Godwin-Austen. 26.

37. PARATELPHUSA (LIOTELPHUSA) LEVIS, var. QUADRATA. (Fig. 28,)

In this variety the carapace is almost square, its length is seven-eighths
its greatest breadth. The cervical groove is hard to make out in any part
of its course. The outer orbital angle and the lateral epibranchial tooth are
more prominent. The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are subcristiform.
The epigastric crests are not so plainly continuous with the post-orbital
crests, and the latter are sharper, especially in their outer half.

In a large adult female the carapace is {iths inch long, tths inch broad,
and 3%sths inch deep.

The variety is easy to recognise.

a Negaietlls — Butler. poo
a Goalpara. H. B. Houghton. 29.

oe?, 3° (types). Sibsagar. —_S. E. Peal. ES Cr,
— Naga Hills. S. E. Peal. 1h jaan oe
oe Assam. — Butler (?) 43,59.
—— Khasi Hills. H. H. Godwin-Austen. es 5 Or

112

38. PARATELPHUSA (LIOTELPHUSA) AUSTRINA, Alcock. (Fig. 29.)

Carapace convex, square-cut, its length nearly seven-eighths its breadth,
its depth more than half its length; to the naked eye its surface is smooth ;
the regions are not defined, the cervical groove is hardly visible, and even the
post-frontal mesogastric furrow is indistinct.

Front not much more than two-fifths the greatest breadth of the carapace,
strongly deflexed, very distinctly bilobed; as in Paratelphusa hydrodromus
and bouviert and few other Indian species, the free edge of the front proper is
distinct from the edge that roofs the antennular fossee—/.e., the edge of the
front is distinctly double. Outer orbital angle subacute, not separated from
the lower border of the orbit by a gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace short, little arched ; lateral epibranchial
tooth small, subacute.

Epigastric and post-orbital crests only just distinguishable.

Three terminal segments of male abdomen much contracted ; 6th segment
narrow, with parallel sides, its length more than its proximal breadth.

Antennular fosse not contracted; antennal flagellum of good length.
Mandibular palp of the typical Paratelphusa form, the terminal segment being
bifurcate from its base.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium,
and has a strong flagellum; the ventral surface of the ischium is longitudinally
grooved, and the merus is quadrangular and slightly broader than long.

Chelipeds unequal in the adult male, smooth to the naked eye; carpal
spine acute; palm of large cheliped inflated, nearly as high as long; fingers
about as long as palm, pointed, none of the teeth much enlarged.

Legs longer than smaller cheliped ; dactyli longer than propodites.

In the unique adult male specimen the carapace is nearly isths inch long,
and 4 inch broad.
Ge S. India. F. Beddome. 1 ¢ (type).

I do not care about describing a new species of Potamonidw from a single
specimen, but this species is clearly distinct from anything else.

In general appearance it is much like P. levis, var. quadrata, but the
bilobed front, with double edge like that of P. hydrodromus, at once
distinguishes it, as does the long narrow 6th abdominal segment of the male.

39. PARATELPHUSA (LIOTELPHUSA), sp. DOV. prox. LEVIS.
This species is not to be named, as it cannot be properly described from
an imperfect specimen.
The shape of the carapace is square, as in P. levis, var. guadrata ; the

115

carapace is nearly flat, not divided into regions, and marked only by the
crescentic cervical groove where it defines the mesogastric region, and by the
faint, post-frontal mesogastric groove.

The front is deflexed, square-cut, and of great breadth, considerably more
than two-fifths the greatest breadth of the carapace, the unique specimen
being apparently an old male.

There is a small lateral epibranchial tooth. The epigastric and _post-
orbital crests, though very faint, are quite apparent, and are oblique. The
length of the 6th abdominal segment of the male equals its distal breadth,

The antennal flagellum is vestigial. The exopodite of the external
maxillipeds is flagellate; the ischium is not longitudinally grooved; the
merus is broader than long, and has its antero-external angle very square-cut.
The mandibular palp has the terminal segment bifurcate from the base.

Only one cheliped is present; it is quite smooth, has the inner angle of
the carpus rounded of, a high inflated palm, and toothless fingers, the dactylus
being curved strongly, and meeting the fixed finger only at tip.

The legs are stout, with peculiar long sparse bristles, chiefly on the
posterior part of the propodites.

The carapace is $ inch long, and 2ths inch broad.

6967

5 Pegu. S. Kurz. 1 g, broken.

Subgenus VI.—GLoBITELPHUSA.
Type: Globitelphusa bakeri, Alcock.

The species in this subgenus resemble Liote/phusa in the indistinctness of
the epigastric and post-orbital crests and of the lateral epibranchial spine of the
carapace ; indeed, in most of the species these parts are more obscure than in
any Liotelphusa; but along with this character the exopodites of the external
maxillipeds are either devoid of a flagellum, or have a mere papilla-like vestige
of one.

As in all the subgenera, except Puaratelphusa itself, the antero-lateral
borders of the carapace are not cut into spines, and there is no subterminal
spine on the upper border of the merus of the chelipeds.

The cervical groove, as in Phricutelphusa and Liotelphusa, is well cut only
where it defines the mesogastric area posteriorly—elsewhere it can not be, or
can hardly be, traced.

This group consists of two sections. In one of them the species are very
smali and have a squarish carapace, which may either be tumid, as in Liote/-
phusa, or flattish, as in Phricotelphusa. The species of the other section have a
carapace which for breadth and convexity rivals that of Gecarcimucus—these

p

114

are the typical forms. It might be advisable to separate these two sections,
but I leave them together for the present.

The species of the “subgenus” may be tabulated as follows :—
I. Carapace strongly convex, almost cylindrical ; much broader than long :—

i. Side-walls of carapace smooth ; flagellum of first and second maxil-

lipeds vestigial :—

1. Epigastric crests hardly distinguishable 5 . . P. bakeri.

2. Epigastric crests visible as two isolated lumps . P. cylindrus.
. Side-walls of carapace rugulose ; flagellum of first and second aera
ee well developed - - . P. pistorica.

Il. Carapace squarish, flat or moderately convex, little Broader than long.
(Quite small species) :—

i. Carapace ftat; front, in adult, about two-fifths the greatest breadth
of the carapace; 5th abdominal segment of the adult male much
broader than long :—

1. Fingers of chele pointed ; dactyli of legs of normal length and

Nees 3 . P. gubernatoris.
. Fingers of chele spoon- tnpede dace af nares short rat very
ae sute. P. pilosipes.

ii. Carapace convex ; front in adult! tale the prenest! Dresdi of the
carapace; 5th abdominal segment of the adult male longer than

broad P. fronto.

40. PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) BAKERI, Alcock. (Fig. 30.)

Carapace broad, very convex, subcylindrical, its length between two-thirds
and three-fourths its greatest breadth, its depth exceeding half its length, its
surface everywhere smooth, its regions barely distinguishable. Even the side-
walls of the carapace are smooth.

The cervical groove is distinct only where it bounds the mesogastric area
posteriorly. The post-frontal mesogastric groove is superficial and very
indistinct—only just visible.

Front in adult from one-third to two-fifths the greatest breadth of the
carapace, square-cut, almost vertically deflexed, nearly straight - edged.
External orbital angle insignificant, the upper and lower borders of the orbit
meeting almost flush at that point.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace well arched, blunt for the most part,
but well enough defined. There is the merest trace of a lateral epibranchial
denticle, and it is approximated to the orbit. Postero-lateral borders rather
strongly convergent.

Epigastric crests recognisable, but very indistinct; the post-orbital crests
are more distinct especially in their outer half, which curves forward.

In the abdomen of the male the 5th segment is short and broad, the 6th
has convergent sides and its length barely equals its distal breadth, the 7th has
a broadly-rounded tip and is very much longer than broad.

Antennal peduncle small and impacted ; the flagellum short.

115

Mandibular palp typical of Paratelphusa, the terminal segment being
bifurcate so that its two lobes embrace the incisor process of the mandible.

In the external maxillipeds the merus is as long as the short ischium, and
is pointed, hairy, and non-flagellate ; the ischium is grooved, and the merus is
square-cut and slightly broader than long. In the Ist and 2nd maxillipeds the
flagellum of the exopodite is vestigial.

Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, but much the more so in the adult male;
surface of merus rugulose, of carpus and hand smooth; inner angle of carpus
spiniform ; fingers slender, longer than the palm in both chele, and pointed ;
in the smaller chelz they are evenly toothed ; in the larger chele of old males,
but not of females and younger males, one or two teeth in each finger are much
enlarged and the fingers meet only at tip.

Legs about as long as the smaller cheliped, somewhat slender; dactyli
much longer than their propodites ; propodites twice, or more, as long as broad.

In old males the dactylus of the larger chele is nearly half again as long
as the palm.

In a fine old male the carapace is $inds inch long, 2nds inch broad, and
s2nds inch deep.

Young individuals of this species are very instructive; their carapace is
neither so broad nor so convex, but has quite the shape of that of levis; the
post-orbital crests are sharper and more distinct, and the lateral epibranchial
denticle is fairly conspicuous.

Ez 2218 Ganjam in N. Cachar. E. C. S. Baker. (eos cape ee Guelud:
Ta j \ ing types).
a Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. I -
aS Ganjam in N. Cachar. Purchased. 14,1 9.

41. PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) BAKERI, var. CYLINDRUS, Alcock,

In this variety the carapace is barrel-like, its branchial regions being
greatly inflated, and its maximum depth being about seven-ninths its length,
Owing to this inflation the branchial regions are separately distinguishable, and
in one specimen they culminate in an obliquely-longitudinal ridge on either
side of the carapace.

The epigastric crests are distinguishable as little, round, low elevations ;
but the post-orbital crests are less distinct than in the type.

In the larger cheliped of the male the enlarged teeth of the fingers are
much coarser, especially a large double one in the fixed finger.

In an adult male the carapace is {ths inch long, {ths inch broad, and
yeths inch deep.

In its more distinct epigastric crests this variety resembles the following

116

species (G. pistorica), but the flagella of the exopodites of the Ist and 2nd
maxillipeds are mere vestiges, and the exopodite of the external maxillipeds is

non-flagellate.

6975 Nage Hills: | 3g, 1 Q (including
+575 § types).

6934 , S. E. Peal. 4 ;

ae : Assam. | | ( Bhin

42, PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) PIsToriIcA, Alcock. (Fig. 31.)

This species is closely related to G. baker7, more particularly to the variety
cylindrus, resembling the latter in its barrel-like carapace and in the fact that
the epigastric crests are usually two distinct little lumps.

It differs from both, however, in the following particulars, 8 males and
7 females having been examined :—

The side-walls of the carapace are closely covered with fine, oblique rugee
which pass over the postero-lateral borders. These are quite visible to the
naked eye, whereas in G. bakeri and its variety it is uncommon, even with a
lens, to make out much in the way of rugee.

The epigastric crests, which in typical specimens of G. bakeri can only just
be made out, are here, as in the variety cy/indrus, plainly manifest as two little
widely-separated lumps; this is almost always the case.

The exopodites of the external maxillipeds may have a rudimentary
papillar palp; but those of the 1st and 2nd maxillineds always carry a
flagellum of normal length. Now, in none of the specimens of G. bakert and
its variety (numbering in all 28) in the collection have the Ist and 2nd
maxillipeds anything more than a vestige of a flagellum.

In the chelipeds the merus is more rugose, and the surface of the carpus
and the upper border of the hand are sometimes faintly rugulose, and some-
times the fingers are scabrous, especially near the tip; also, the fingers of the
larger chele are stouter, and their enlarged teeth are coarser. But the
chelipeds vary a good deal; a more important point is that in the female they
are subequal.

The legs are decidedly stout, not slender as in G. bakery.

In a large male the carapace is {ths inch long, 1,% inch broad, and ;‘sths
inch deep.

cee Cachar. E. B. Baker. 246,29
o
a Sibsagar, Assam, Museum Collector. Wee

a Oc : . : 2
_— Darband Pass, Cachar. J. Wood-Mason. { 5 cae anae

107

43. PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) GUBERNATORIS, Alcock. (Fig. 32.)

Carapace flat, square, its length nearly seven-eighths its breadth, its depth
less than half its length, its surface smooth to the naked eye, but under a lens
pitted, and finely rugulose laterally.

Regions of carapace not defined ; a fine crescent defining the mesogastric
area posteriorly is all that exists of the cervical groove; a longish shallow
groove separates the extremely faint epigastric crests.

Front in the adult about two-fifths the greatest breadth of the carapace,
square, very strongly deflexed, its edge nearly straight, with pronounced orbital
angles. Outer orbital angle not prominent, the upper and lower borders of the
orbits meeting flush at that point.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace short, and nearly straight from the orbit
backwards, the lateral epibranchial denticle being marked by a little nick.

Epigastric crests just distinguishable ; post-orbital crests only just dis-
tinguishable at their outer ends near the lateral epibranchial denticle.

Abdomen of adult male a broad-based triangle in outline, the three
terminal segments bemg much contracted; in the 6th segment the distal
breadth slightly exceeds the proximal breadth and equals the length; the
7th segment has a broadly-rounded apex and its length equals its proximal
breadth.

The mandibular palp is of the already described Parate/phusa type, the 1st
and 2nd segments being indistinguishably fused and the terminal segment being
bifurcate from the base.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium and is
usually non-flagellate, though a minute papillar vestige of a flagellum is
occasionally present; the ventral surface of the ischium is not longitudinally
grooved ; the merus is much broader than long and its greatest length is at the
outer border.

The antennular fosse are of normal width and are widely open to the
orbits as usual, the opening being loosely filled by the antennal peduncle as
usual. (These points are mentioned in order that the species may not be
confused with another superficially similar species from exactly the same
locality)... The basal (true 2nd) antennal joint is of fair size, but the succeeding
joints are extremely small, and the flagellum is minute.

Chelipeds unequal in adults of both sexes, most so in the adult male ; to
the naked eye they appear smooth; the inner angle of the carpus is merely
pronounced, not spiniform ; in the smaller cheliped the fingers are about as
long as the palm and are fairly straight ; in the larger cheliped the palm is
nearly as high as long, the fingers are about as long as the palm, one tooth in
the fixed finger is conspicuously enlarged, and in the male there is a wide gap

118

between the fingers when the tips are in contact. In both chelipeds the fingers
are poited—xzot broad and spooned.

Legs long, the 2nd (longest) pair being at least as long as the larger
cheliped; there may be some short bristles on the dactyli, but none of the
joints are hirsute; the spines on the distal part of the lower border of the
propodites are very distinct ; the longer propodites are about twice as long as
broad and are not quite as long as their dactyli; the four rows of spines on the
dactyli are very conspicuous.

In a large adult male the carapace is x‘sths inch long, }:nds inch broad, and
4th inch deep.

A 4.99 : f
ae) Mahableshwar. Donor unrecorded. p22 ose & (Craig
4 \ ing types).

44. PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) PILOSIPES, Alcock. (Fig. 33.)

This species is distinguished by its blunt spooned fingers and by the short,
blunt, thickly hirsute dactyli of the legs.

It is closely related to P. gubernatoris, differing only as follows :—

The carapace is a little broader; the cervical groove is even less distinct ;
the outer orbital angle is even broader and blunter; the antero-lateral borders
of the carapace are a little more convex immediately behind the orbit, and the
lateral epibranchial tooth is even more obscure, or is altogether absent.

The epigastric and post-orbital crests can be imagined rather than
discerned, though a shallow longitudinal mesogastric groove is present.

The antennz are similar in form, but the flagellum is vestigial or absent.

The chelipeds are similar as far as the hand, in which the fingers are stout,
a good deal shorter than the palm in the larger cheliped, and have broad,
spooned, or hoof-like tips; none of their teeth are enlarged.

In the legs the propodites are sparsely beset and the dactyli are thickly
clothed with tufts of bristles; the dactyli are clumsy-looking and are shorter
than their propodites.

In all other respects this species agrees with P. gubernatoris; it may
indeed be merely a variety of it, but I have not enough specimens to form a
judgment ; or it may possibly be a second form of the male of gubernatoris.

eee Mahableshwar. Donor unrecorded. 5 g (types).

45. PARATELPHUSA (GLOBITELPHUSA) FRONTO, Alcock. (Fig. 34.)

Carapace squarish, its length approaching seven-eighths its greatest breadth ;
convex, its depth more than half its length, its surface to the naked eye smooth.
Regions of carapace not defined. The cervical groove shows—(1) as a very

119

fine, superficial, and indistinct groove where it delimits the mesogastric area
posteriorly, and (2) on either side, as a sort of scar-like marking between the
gastric and branchial regions. The post-frontal mesogastric groove is long and
shallow, invading the frontal region and distinctly bifurcating posteriorly.

Front in the adult hal/ the greatest breadth of the carapace, square-cut,
almost vertically deflexed, with a smooth, almost straight edge. External
orbital angle obsolete, the lower border of the orbit being more prominent than
the upper border and meeting it without any break.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace very short, very slightly arched, sub-
cristiform. Lateral epibranchial tooth distinct but hardly acute, closely approxi-
mated to the orbit.

Epigastric crests very low, broad, and blunt ; under magnification marked
with vermicular depressions. Post-orbital crests distinguishable only as a
slight tumescence on either side.

Abdomen of the adult male a broad-based elongate triangle in outline ;
5th segment peculiarly narrow, its length being equal to its distal breadth ; 6th
segment also very narrow, its length considerably exceeding its distal breadth,
which slightly exceeds its proximal breadth; 7th segment broadly rounded at
apex, much longer than broad. In the adult female the abdomen is broad, but
the 7th segment is unusually long and triangular, its length being about
three-quarters its basal breadth.

The antennular fossze are peculiarly narrow ; they are never widely open
to the orbit, but either they are closed externally by the contact of the front
with the epistome, or if they are narrowly open, the opening is closed by the
tightly impacted and very obliquely disposed antennal peduncle.

The elements of the antennal peduncle are extremeiy hard to distinguish,
and no antennal flagellum can be detected.

In the mandibular palp all three segments can be made out, and the
terminal segment is of the typical Paratelphusa type, being bifurcate from the
base, so that the two lobes embrace the incisor process of the mandible.

In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is very short and is hairy and
pointed and non-flagellate; the ischium has a faint longitudinal groove on its
ventral surface ; and the merus is quadrangular, with its antero-external angle
nearly right, and is a little broader than long.

Chelipeds in both sexes very unequal; carpus and hand smooth to the
naked eye; the carpus has its inner angle spiniform, and has some tufts of
blackish bristles along its anterior border; in both chele the fingers are fairly
evenly toothed and are pointed, and the dactylus is longer than the palm; in
the larger chelz the fingers meet only at tip.

The legs are slightly longer than the smaller cheliped ; they are studded
with little tufts of long, very stiff and coarse bristles ; the bristles are black with
yellow tips, and there are only three or four in each tuft.

120

In large adults of both sexes the carapace is a little under } inch
long, a little over } inch broad, and a little over + inch deep.

This species at first sight resembles gubernatoris and pilosipes from the
same station; but it is at once distinguished by the extremely broad front; by
the narrow antennular fossee, and the tightly impacted and almost rudimentary
antennal peduncle ; by the very short hairy exopodites of the external maxilli-
peds; and by the long narrow 5th abdominal segment of the adult male ;
moreover, the carapace, instead of being flat, is strongly convex. P. pilosipes
has some tufts of bristles on the legs, but they are not so numerous ; and again,
in pilosipes the fingers have peculiar broad spooned tips.

4025 : am Pee ae (22 ¢,5 2 (ineluding
rie Mahableshwar. Donor unrecorded. \ types).
a Poona and Mahableshwar. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1 Selene.

Genus III.—GercaARcINUCUS.

Gecarcinucus, Milne Edwards, in Jacquemont’s Voy. dans l’Inde, IV., Crust., p. 44, 1844; Mary J. Rathbun,
Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VIII., 1906, p. 66 (wdi lit.).

The difference between Gecarcinucus and Paratelphusa is so slight, and is
so nearly bridged over, that only an innate feeling of reverence for ancient
landmarks prevents me from uniting the two.

The carapace is oval and subcylindrical (as it is in some species of Parute/-
phusa).

The cervical groove is very deep and broad, and forms a rather long and
narrow loop, the ends of which have a fore-and-aft rather than a lateral trend ;
but a cervical groove nearly of this kind is found in some species of Parate/-
phusa (e.g., P. pulvinata).

The epigastric and post-orbital crests are low and not at all conspicuous ;
but this sort is not uncommon in Paratelphusa.

The antero-lateral borders of the carapace are rather full and tumid, their
curve is hardly broken, and there is no distinct lateral epibranchial spine ; but
there are a few species of Paratelphusa of which the same can be said.

The abdomen of the adu/t male is more regularly triangular—that is to say,
there is no sudden contraction in width in its terminal half; the 6th segment is
long rather than transverse—that is to say, its length is at least equal to its
distal breadth ; and the 7th segment is elongate, generally tongue-shaped ; but
there are some species of Paratel/phusa that have almost the same shape of
abdomen.

The oral edge of the epistome is everted on either side of its median lobe,
and the front edge of the meropodites of the external maxillipeds is separated
from it, so that the channelled plate of the endopodite of the first maxillipeds is

121

distinctly visible, forming with the edge of the epistome on either side a
subtubular exhalant opening when the external maxillipeds are shut. But a
condition closely approaching this is to be found in several species of Paratel-
phusa.

The mandibular palp is exactly like that of Paratelphusa, and consists of
two joints (the normal Ist and 2nd joints being indistinguishably fused), of
which the terminal one is split into two lobes—a broader anterior, and a
narrower posterior—which embrace the incisor process of the mandible.

The only two points that seem constantly to differentiate Gecarcinucus
from Paratelphusa are the following :—

(1) The front is a long, narrow, greatly deflexed lobe, hardly wider than
the orbit in the adult. There are several species of Paratelphusa in which, in
old individuals, the front becomes relatively narrow, but there is none that I
know of in which it is not much wider than the orbit ;

(2) The dactyli of the crawling legs are decidedly slender.

A third difference that only, so far as I know, holds good for Geearcinucus
jacquemontii, is that the abdomen of the adult female is narrow and has a
terminal joint the length of which equals, or slightly exceeds, its proximal
breadth.

It seems permissible to split the genus into two sections as follows :—

I. Orbits of the usual pattern; a small lateral epibranchial tooth or

tubercle : F ; : ‘ : Cylindrotelphusa,
II. Lower outer corner of orbit drawn out as a distinct gutter-like
recess; no trace of a lateral epibranchial denticle A : . Gecarcinucus.

The genus Gecarcinucus, in the wider sense, is found on the south Indian
plateau and in New Guinea. The species from New Guinea should, I think,
be placed in the subgenus Cylindrotelphusa.

to}

Subgenus I.—GECARCINUCUS.

Carapace very broad. Orbits hardly visible in a dorsal view, and contorted,
their Jower outer corner being produced into an outlying bay; external orbital
angle suppressed.

Edge of antero-lateral borders of carapace smooth or feebly crenulate ; no
trace of a lateral epibranchial tooth.

Abdomen of adult female narrow, the 7th joint being of an elongate
triangular form. Seventh segment of abdomen of adult male elongate, tongue-
shaped.

Excurrent branchial openings distinctly subtubular between the edge of
the external maxillipeds and the epistome when the maxillipeds are shut.

Teeth of the distal part of the chelz small translucent, in a very close-set
regular row.

122

Of this subgenus there are two species, as is shown in the following table :—

I. Front square-cut, its width little more than the maximum diameter
of the orbit, and about one-sixth the greatest breadth of the carapace ;

finger-cleft and inner surface of palm naked G. jacquemontii.

II. Front with convergent sides, its width exceeds the maximum
diameter of the orbit by one-fourth, and is about one-fifth the greatest
breadth of the carapace; finger-cleft and neighbourhood of inner
surface of palm concealed in a thick, shaggy mat of hair : . G, edwardsi.

1, GECARCINUCUS (GECARCINUCUS) JACQUEMONTI, Edw. (Fig. 66.)

Gecarcinucus jacquemontii, Milne Kdwards in Jacquemont’s Voy. dans ’Inde, 1V., Crust., p. 4, pl. i., 1844;
Mary J. Rathbun, Nouv. Archiv. du Muséum (4), VIII., 1906, p. 67, pl. xix., figs. 1, 2 (wbi lit.).

Carapace convex, subcylindrical, its depth considerably over half its length,
broadly oval, its length hardly two-thirds its greatest breadth ; its surface and
side-walls practically smooth to the naked eye.

“Cervical” groove very broad and deep, running in a long, narrow,
markedly antero-posterior loop.

Regions of carapace very clearly defined, individually tumid ; post-frontal
mesogastric groove long; a distinct tumid oval facet in the cardiac corner of
either epibranchial region, and between them two smaller, less distinct, pree-
cardiac facets.

Front, in the adult, a long, narrow, square-cut, vertically-deflexed lobe,
not or hardly wider than the orbit ; broadly bilobed in a dorsal view, and with
a somewhat bilobed surface owing to the faint anterior prolongation of the
mesogastric groove,

As the anterior part of the carapace is deflexed, very little is seen of the
orbits in a dorsal view; they are wide, and have a thick, smooth, lip-like
margin, which is broken only by the wide antennal gap; their lower border is
so bent as to form a large bight in the orbital cavity at its lower outer corner ;
the external orbital angle is quite suppressed.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace strongly arched, longer than the postero-
lateral, with a tumid margin which, however, in its front part, is defined by a
low, thick, obscurely-crenulate edge. There is no trace of an epibranchial
tooth, the sweep of the antero-lateral margin being hardly broken where the
cervical groove meets it.

Epigastric crests low, blunt, obscure, continuous on either side of the
mesogastric groove with the still blunter and more obscure post-orbital crests ;
the latter are approximated to the orbit and follow its curve, but can seldom be
traced beyond the cervical groove.

Abdomen of adult male fairly regularly and narrowly triangular; in the
6th segment the sides converge, and the length exceeds the distal breadth ; the
7th segment is tongue-shaped, and its maximum breadth is not two-thirds its

123

length. Abdomen of adult female comparatively narrow, the length of the 7th
segment being equal to its proximal breadth.

Antennal flagellum short.

The edge of the epistome is deeply trilobed (as is common in Potamonide),
but the outer lobes are everted so that the excurrent branchial opening is sub-
tubular.

Mandibular palps as described in the diagnosis of the genus.

The exopodites of all the maxillipeds have a strong, plumose flagellum.
In the external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium, the ischium
is longitudinally grooved, and the merus is subquadrangular and broader than
long; these appendages do not shut close against the epistome, so that the
channelled plate of the endopodite of the 1st maxillipeds is more exposed than |
it is in most other Potamonide.

Chelipeds markedly unequal in both sexes, but most so in the adult male.
All three borders of the merus, the inner border of the carpus, and the upper
and lower borders of the palm are usually crenate or crenulate. The surface
of the merus is faintly rugulose; that of the carpus is nearly smooth to the
naked eye, except for pitting; that of the hand and fingers is coarsely pitted.
Inner angle of carpus spiniform. In the smaller cheliped the dactylus is much
longer than the palm; the fingers are broad, and gape little, or not at all, at
base ; the teeth of the proximal half are laciniate, but none of them is much
enlarged, and the teeth of the distal half are small, translucent, incisor-like, and
very close-set and regular. In the larger cheliped also the dactylus is much
longer than the palm; the fingers are compressed, and are very broad and
strong, and gape at base when closed; the teeth of the proximal half are
laciniate and about two of them are very much enlarged, and the teeth of the
distal half are small, translucent, incisor-like, and are very close and regularly
set in a straight row.

Legs stout, about as long as the smaller cheliped; dactyli slender, and a
good deal longer than the propodites ; longer propodites hardly twice as long
as broad.

In a large male the carapace is 13%; inch long, 2 inches broad, and {ths inch
deep.

6431

5 Khandalla. F. Stoliezka. il gawd ©.
S134 Khandalla. W. T. Blanford. 1
o Khandalla. J. Wood-Mason. enw Ce
5503 Lanauli. F. Stolicezka. Meri LE

124

2. Gecarcinucus (GECARCINUCUS) EDWARDSI, Wood-Mason (name only).
(Fig. 35.)

This species is represented by a single male, not full grown; compared
with a male of G. jacquemontii of its own size, it shows the differences specified
below. One marked difference, emphasising the concordance between the idea
“Gecarcinucus ” and the idea “ Paratelphusa,” occurs in the shape and propor-
tions of the front, which are almost intermediate between the two “ genera.”

The difference from G. jacquemontii is as follows :—

Though the carapace is hardly less convex and subcylindrical, its individual
regions are not so tumid and lobe-like; this is partly because the “cervical
groove,” though otherwise similar, is not so deeply impressed.

The length of the carapace is nearer three-fourths than two-thirds its
ereatest breadth.

Short oblique ridges, very plain to the naked eye, stud the side-walls of the
carapace and pass across its lateral borders in places.

The front is broader—the maximum diameter of the orbit being a bare
three-quarters of the width of the front—and its sides, instead of being parallel,
are oblique.

The bay at the lower outer corner of the orbit is longer.

The post-orbital crests distinctly follow the upper border of the orbit, in
close proximity to it, almost to the edge of the carapace.

In the male abdomen, though it is otherwise similar, the length of the 6th
segment is only equal to its distal breadth.

In the chelipeds the surface of the merus and carpus is more rudely
rugulose, and the surface of the carpus and hand is more thickly pitted.

In the chele the straight, close-set rows of small, and very uniform and
regular, translucent teeth exist near the tips of the fingers as in G. gacquemontii,
but in the basal half of the fingers the place of teeth is taken by a thick mat of
hair, which also fills the finger-cleft and extends over a considerable area of the
inner surface of the palm.

In the unique male the carapace is +iths inch long, 1;% inch broad, and
nearly +ths inch deep.

ee Khandalla. F. Stoliezka. 1 ¢ (type).

Subgenus I].—CYLINDROTELPHUSA.
Type: Cylindrotelphusa steniops.

The species separated as the type of this subgenus connects Paraieiphusa
and Gecarcinucus; and strengthens the view that Gecarcinucus itself is merely

125

a “subgenus” of Paratelphusa, or rather, having regard to the law of priority,
that Paratelphusa is one of the subgenera of Gecarcinucus.

However, accepting Gecarcinucus as a genus of equal weight with Para-
telphusa, then the species here under consideration—the type of the genus
Cylindrotelphusa—must be attached to Gecarcinucus rather than to Para-
telphusa, on account of its long, narrow, much-deflexed front, the width of
which only slightly exceeds that of the orbit. There are certain Indian species
of Paratelphusa in the very old males of which the breadth of the front falls
well below a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace, but even in these
abnormal specimens the front is very much wider than the orbit.

In Cylindrotelphusa, as in Gecarcinucus, the epigastric and post-orbital
crests are low and not at all conspicuous, the post-orbital crests being approxi-
mated to the upper border of the orbit and following its curve ; the carapace is
convex and subcylindrical; the cervical groove is very deep and broad, and
forms a long comparatively narrow loop, the trend of which is markedly
antero-posterior with a minimum of lateral deflection; the free edge of the
epistome is everted—but not to such a marked extent—and the exhalant
branchial orifice is subtubular—though the channelled plate of the endopodite
of the 1st maxillipeds is, perhaps, not quite so much seen; and the mandibular
palp is identical.

The differences that mark the subgenus Cylindrotelphusa are the following:—

(1) The antero-lateral borders of the carapace, though thick and full, are
crenate, and one of the crenations is a lateral epibranchial denticle ;

(2) The orbits, though not well seen in a dorsal view, are of the usual
Paratelphusa shape, and the external orbital angle is quite apparent ;

(3) The abdomen of the adult female is broad, and ends broadly, as is
usual among Potamonide.

Another difference, to which little importance need be attached, is that
the carapace is not so broad; hence the breadth of the front relative to that
of the carapace is greater than in typical Gecarcinucus ; but the breadth of the
front relative to that of the orbit is not different.

3. GECARCINUCUS (CYLINDROTELPHUSA) STENIOPS, Wood-Mason. (Fig. 36.)
Telphusa steniops and microps, Wood-Mason (names only).

Carapace strongly convex, subcylindrical ; its length varies very considerably
—from about three-fourths to nearly four-fifths its greatest breadth; its
depth also varies a good deal—from a little more than half to nearly two-thirds
its length; its surface is broken near the lateral borders by some short, fine,
oblique ridges, which may (rarely) spread some way on to the epibranchial
regions; the frontal region, again, may be rugulose; otherwise the surface is
smooth.

126

The cervical groove, as in Gecarcinucus, makes a comparatively long and
narrow loop; the groove is deep-cut and broad, except in the transverse part
which bounds the mesogastric area posteriorly—this part is finer and more
superficial ; as in Gecarcinucus, the main trend of the groove is rather anterior,
in the direction of the orbital angle than of the lateral border of the carapace.

The regions are distinct and individually tumid ; in the gastric region there
is the usual post-frontal groove, which bifurcates narrowly behind and is
prolonged anteriorly almost to the edge of the front; in the gastro-cardiac
angle of each epibranchial region an oval areola is more or less distinctly
marked off, and between these the two small precardiac facets are just
indicated,

Front, like that of Gecarcinucus, a long, narrow, square-cut, strongly-
deflexed lobe, very little wider than the orbit; its edge is smooth and is
broadly, but sometimes obscurely, bilobed.

Orbits wide in their vertical diameter, their outer angle small, but denti-
form and subacute, and not separated from the lower border by any gap.

Antero-lateral borders of carapace rather “full,” longer than the postero-
lateral, well arched, rather irregularly crenate; one of the crenations, not
specially distinguished in size and not much distant from the orbit, is the lateral
epibranchial denticle.

Epigastric crests broad and low, distinct but far from prominent, usually
appearing rather as small, smooth, or roughened lumps than as crests; lying in
line with the post-orbital crests. The latter are low, blunt, and indistinct in
their inner half, and are sharper—but usually crenulate or broken in their
outer half.

In the adult male abdomen the length of the 6th segment equals or slightly
exceeds its distal breadth, the sides of the segment being convergent and
slightly convex ; the 7th segment, which is a good deal longer than broad, is
contracted and broadly-rounded distally from a broadish base.

The antennal peduncles loosely fill the broad orbital gap; the flagellum is
short.

The edge of the epistome is deeply festooned and slightly everted, so that,
as in Gecarcinucus, the efferent branchial openings are subtubular.

The mandibular palp, as in Paratelphusa and Gecarcinucus, is two-jointed
(the first two joints being indistinguishably fused), and has the terminal joint
bifurcate from the base, the two lobes embracing the edge of the incisor process
of the mandible.

The exopodites of all the maxillipeds have a strong flagellum. In the
external maxillipeds the exopodite is longer than the ischium, the ischium is
grooved, and the merus is subquadrangular and hardly broader than long.

The chelipeds in both sexes are unequal; the merus has a squamiform
sculpture; so has the carpus, but here usually it is more indistinct, and is

127

sometimes almost effaced; so has the hand, but here it often is even more
inclined to be effaced; the inner angle of the carpus is spiniform ; the fingers
are pointed, moderately stout, and as long as, or a little longer than, the palm ;
though the teeth are not quite regular, none of them is enlarged to any
striking extent; in the larger cheliped the palm is nearly as high as long, and
the fingers when closed gape a little at base.

Legs moderately stout, the 2nd (longest) pair are about as long as the
chelipeds; the dactyli are particularly long and slender, considerably exceeding
their propodites ; the longer propodites are about twice as long as broad.

This very well-marked species is rather variable in the breadth, and to a
less extent in the convexity, of its carapace. At first I separated, without
hesitation, two varieties ; but after an attentive examination of every specimen,
I found that these supposed varieties could not be supported. Wood-Mason,
who had seen only three specimens, had named one of them with a narrower
carapace Telphusa microps.

The following table shows the variation in the dimensions of the carapace,
expressed in sixteenths of an inch.

Length. Breadth. Depth.
Average adult male. : 16 20 9
Very large adult male . : ifs) 25 12
Average adult female . : 17 22 10
Very large adult female : 20 25 12
Gigantic female . ‘ : 24 30 13
a Travancore. F. Beddome. Ie
wees BIDE, S. India. Travancore Museum. Pee ATS,
10 10
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sel ey Trivandrum. Travancore Museum. 26.
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a Shastancottah, near Quilon. N. Annandale. { d; ees 1

Acanthotelphusa, subgenus .

ri Distribution of
adiatretum, Geotelphusa
ambivium, Potamon (var.)
Analytical List of Indian Potainonidee
andersonianum, Potamon
annandalu, Potamiscus
antennarium, Potamon (var.)
asperatum, Potamon (var.)
atkinsonianum, Potamon
austenianum, Potamon
austrina, Liotelphusa

bakeri, Globitelphusa
Barytelphusa, subgenus

es Distribution of
bifartum, Potamon
blanfordi, Paratelphusa
bouneri, Oziotelphusa
brevimarginatum, Potamon

Burmo-Malaya, Potamonide of

callianira, Phricotelphusa
calvuum, Acanthotelphusa
campestris, Phricotelphusa 6 ;
Carapace, Variation in
carinifera, Phricotelphusa
Cervical groove, Variation in
Chelipeds, Variation in
crenuliferum, Acanthotelphusa
cunicularis, Barytelphusa
Cylindrotelphusa, subgenus .
cylindrus, Globitelphusa

dayanum, Acanthotelphusa

Eastern Himalayas, Potamonide of
edentula, Barytelphusa
edwardsi, Acanthotelphusa
edwardsi, Gecarcinucus
edwardsi, Potamon
129

[ND EX

. 44
109, 112

114
S778

. 8

. 20, 30
71, 72, '75

97, 100

. 46, 49
. 10, 14

102 |

. 61, 68

102, 107, 109

: 5
102, 108
3)

6

. 61, 66

o (8) BE
121, 125
114, 115

61

9, 13

79, 84, 90

. 61, 63
122, 124

PAGE
Eggs of Potamonide : : - 3
elegans, Phricotelphusa 102, 104
emphyseteum, Potamon (vav.) : : 29
External maxillipeds, Variation in : 6
Jalcidigitis, Barytelphusa 90, 94
Few, Acanthotelphusa 61, 66
floccosum, Acanthotelphusa (var.) 67
Front, Variation in : ‘ 5 5
fronto, Globitelphusa 114, 118
Jfungosum, Acanthotelphusa . 61, 65

. 102, 105, 109

gageii, Phricotelphusa

Gecarcinucine : 70
Gecarcinucus . 17, 120, 121
Hy Distribution of : : 9
gedrosianum, Potamon (var.) . : 23
Geographical Distribution of Potamonide 13
Geotelphusa, subgenus : . 19, 59
Pe Distribution of : : 7
Globitelphusa, subgenus : 71,118
s Distribution of : : 9
grayi, Paratelphusa . . 12,78
gubernatoris, Globitelphusa Tes alalz/
guerini, Barytelphusa 215 Se
Habits of Potamonide : : : 3
harpax, Barytelphusa 90, 95
hirtum, Potamon (var.) 32, 36
hispidum, Potamon ; 32, 36
hydrodromus, C Jziotelphusa . ; S 97
ibericum, Potamon 21
Indian Potamonide, Distr phon of 13
ay 6)

indica, Telphusa i : 5 Th ts

Indo-Gangetic Plain, Patamonide: of 5 AIO:

: a: e
jacquemontia, Barytelphusa . : : 79
jacquemontii, Gecarcinucus 122
koolooense, Potamon . 20, 24

. 32, 35 |

130

PAGE |
levis, Liotelphusa 109 |
lamellifrons, Barytelphusa = f(t te
larnaudii, Potamon . 46, 47
Liotelphusa, subgenus 71, 109 |}

55 Distribution of ; 9
lugubris, Barytelphusa . 90, 91 |
Malabar tract, Potamonide of 14
Mandibular palp as basis of classification . Nr /
mani, Potamon . 46, 48
manipurense, Potamon (var. ) 35 |
martensi, Acanthotelphusa . 61, 68
masoniana, Barytelphusa . 90, 96 |
monticola, Potamon (var.) 23

napea, Barytelphusa
nigerrima, Barytelphusa (var.)
N.-E. Frontier, Potamonide of

Jziotelphusa, subgenus
i Distribution of

Paratelphusa
Paratelphusa, subgenus

35 Distribution of
Paratelphusa spinigera, Habits of
pealianum, Potamon .

Peninsular India, Poranenids Ota

Phricotelphusa, subgenus
33 Distribution of
pilosipes, Globitelphusa
pistorica, Globitelphusa .
planata, Barytelphusa (var.)
plauta, Barytelphusa (var.)
pocockiana, Barytelphusa (var.)
pollicaris, Barytelphusa
Potamiscus, subgenus
Bs Distribution of .
Potamon
Potamon, subgenus .
55 Distribution of
Potamon andersonianum group
3 atkinsonianum group

71, 114, 118

79, 85, 90
93
9, 13

71, 97 |
8 |

= 38 |
. 10, 14 |
(AS alont

8

114, 116
. 79, 88
. 90, 98
. 79, 88 |
. 79, 89
. 19, 56 |

|
5 If 1 |
19 |
: 7 |
. 20, 32
. 20 |

Potamon austenianum group .
53 ibericum group
op larnaudi group
3» pealianum group

Potamonidx, Analytical List of Tndien

x» Definition of family

% Eggs of

33 Distribution of Taaee

Bh Habits

oo Specific characters among

pruinosum, Potamon .
pulvinata, Barytelphusa

quadrata, Liotelphusa (var.) .
rangoonense, Potamon
stkkimense, Potamiscus

simulum, Potamon
sinensis, Paratelphusa

Specific characters in Potamonide

spinigera, Paratelphusa
stentops, Cylindrotelphusa
stoliczkanum, Potamon

Telphusa indica
thagatense, Potamon .
trilobata, Paratelphusa
tritum, Potamon (var.)
tumidulum, Potamiscus
tumidulum, Potamon
tumidum, Potamon
turgidulimanus, Potamon
turgidulum, Potamon

Variations . :
ventriosum, Potamon (var.)

Western Frontier, Potamonide of .
Western Himalayas, Potamonide of

wood-masoni, Acanthotelphusa

Zoological provinces 5

. 46, 50
. 79, 86

109, 111

. 32, 34

. 72, 76

BRACHYURA
FASCICULUS II. POTAMONIDZ

Pea tea NEA FOUN. OF PE A Es

133

Fic.
Fie.
Fig.
Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fia.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.
Fic.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

PLATE I.

1, la—Potamon fluviatile var. gedrosianum, 3, nat. size.
2, 2a, 26—Potamon athinsonianum var. emphyseteum, 3, nat. size.
3, 8a—Potamon bifarium, ¢, nat. size.

4, 4a, 4b—Potamon hispidum, 3, nat. size.

PLATE II.

5, 5a, 5b—Potamon turgidulum, ¢, xX 2.
6, 6a, 6b—Potamon tumidulum, ¢, x 2.
7, Ta—Potamon simulum, ?, nat. size.

PLATE IIL.

8, 8a—Potamon pruinosum, ¢, x 1b.

9, 9a—Potamon turgidulimanus, 6, X 2.

10, 10a, 106—Potamon (Poltamiscus) annandalii, ¢, nat. size.
11, 1la, 116—Potamon (Geotelphusa) adiatretum, 3, X 2.

PLATE IV.

12, 12a—Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) fungosum, 6, nat. size.

13, 13a, 13b, 13e—Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) crenuliferum, &, nat. size.
14, 14a—Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) calvuum, 3, nat. size.
15—Paratelphusa trilobata, 2, x 14.

16, 16a, 160—Paratelphusa blanfordi, 3, nat. size.

PLATE V.

17, 17a, 17b—Paratelphusa grayi, o, x 2.

18—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) lamellifrons, 9 , nat. size.

19, 19a, 19)>—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) edentula, 3, nat. size.
20, 20a, 20b—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) nupea, 3 , nat. size.
21, 21a, 21b—Paratelphusu (Barytelphusa) pulvinata, 3, nat. size.

Fia.
Fic.

Fic.
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Fic.

Fie.
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Fic.
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Fi,
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Fic.
FIG:
Fic.
Fig.
Fic.
Fic.
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Fic.
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Fic.
Fic.
BIG:
Fic.
Fic.

Fia

134

PLATE VIL

22, 22, 22b—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) pollicaris, ¢ , nat. size.

23, 23a, 23b—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) lugubris var. plaute, g, nat. size.
PLATE VII.

24, 24a—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) faleidigitis, $, nat. size.

25, 25a, 25b—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) harpaxz, ¢, nat. size,

26, 26a—Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) gagevi, ¢, x 1%.
PLATE VIII.

27, 27a— Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) campestris, 6, x 13.

29, 29a—Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) austrina, 3, X

2.
30, 30a—Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) bakeri, $, X 2.
1, 31a, 31b—Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) pistorica, ¢, x 2.
2, 32a, 32b—Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) gubernatoris, $, X 2.

PLATE IX.

33, 33a, 33b—Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) pilosipes, 6, x 2.

34, 340, 34b—Paratelphusa (Globitelphusa) fronto, g, X 2.

35, 35a—Gecarcinucus edwardsi, g, x 14.

36, 36a, 36, 36c—Gecarcinucus (Cylindrotelphusa) steniops, $, xX 13.

PLATE X.

37—Potamon fluviatile var. ibericum, ¢, nat. size.
38—Potamon koolovense, 3, nat. size.
39—Potamon atkinsonianum, ¢, nat. size.
40—Potamon andersonianum, ¢, nat. size.

42— Potamon edwardsi var. hirtwm, ¢, nat. size.
44—Potamon pealianum, 6, nat. size.
45—Potamon tumidum, ¢, nat. size.

PLATE XI.

46—Potamon munii, S$, nat. size.

47—Potamon thagatense, 3, nat. size.

48—Potamon (Potamiscus) sikkimense, 3, nat. size.

49— Potumon (Acanthotelphusa) dayanum, 6, nat. size.
50—Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) wood-masoni, ? , nat. size.
51—Potamon (Acanthotelphusa) fee, 3, nat. size.
52—Potamon.(Acanthotelphusa) martensi, 3d, nat. size.

. 53—Paratelphusa spinigera, ¢, nat. size.

Fic.
Fie.
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135

PLATE XII.

54—Paratelphusa sinensis, 3, nat. size.

55—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) jacquemontir (“ Telphusa indica”), 3 , nat. size.
56—Paratelphuss (Barytelphusa) cunicularis, $, nat. size.

57—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) guerini, ¢, nat. size.

58—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) lugubris, 3, nat. size.

59—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) masoniana, 3, nat. size.

PLATE XIII.

60—Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) hydrodromus, ¢, nat. size.
61—Paratelphusa (Oziotelphusa) bouvieri, ¢, nat. size.
62—Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) callianira, 6, Xx 2.
63—Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) elegans, $, X 2.
64—Paratelphusa (Phricotelphusa) carinifera, 3, X 2.
65—Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) laevis, ¢, nat. size.

66, 66a, 66b,—Gecarcinucus jacquemontii, 3, nat. size.

PLATE XIV.

28—Paratelphusa (Liotelphusa) levis var. quadrata, x 2.

43— Potamon edwardsi, nat. size.

67—Potamon andersonianum var. asperatuim, nat. size.
68—Potamon andersonianum var. manipurense, nat. size.
69—Potamon andersonianum vavr. tritum, nat. size.

70—Potamon pealianum var. antennarium, enlarged.
71—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) querini var. planata, enlarged.
72—Paratelphusa (Barytelphusa) guerini var. pocockiana, nat. size.

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Records of the Indian Museum—Continved

Vol. Iil., 1909
Part [—The Races of Indian Rats.

Part II.—Notes on Fresh-water Sponges, X. Report on a collection of Aquatic Animals made in Tibet
by Capt. F. H. Stewart in 1907, II. Note on some amphibious Cockroaches. Deseription de quelques
nouvelles Cécidomyies des Indes. Description of new Land and Marine Shells from Ceylon and S.
India. Description of two new species of Caranx from the Bay of Bengal. Remarks on some little-
known Indian Ophidia. Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. A pelagic Sea~-Anemone
without tentacles. Rhynchota Malayana, II.

Part I1I.—Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. New Indian Leptide and
Bombylide, with a note on Comastes, Os. Sac., vy. Heterostylum, Macq. Notes on the Trichoptera in
the collection of the Indian Museum. Diagnoses of new species and varieties of Fresh-water Crabs,
1—3. Report on a small collection of Lizards from Travancore. Descriptions of three new
Cicindeline from Borneo. The relation between fertility and normality in Rats. Description of a
Barnacle of the genus Scalpellum from Malaysia. The Hemipterous tamily Polyctenide. Notes on
Fresh-water Sponges, XI. Descriptions of two new Shells from S. India. Preliminary note on a
new genus of Phylactolematous Polyzoa. Miscellanea.

Part IV.—Description of a minute Hymenopterous insect from Calcutta. The Insect Fauna of Tirhut,
No. 1. Descriptions of new species of Botia and Nemachilus. New Oriental Sepsine. A new
species of Fredericella from Indian lakes. Diagnoses of new species and varieties of Fresh-water
Crabs, No. 4. On some new or little-known Mygalomorph Spiders from the Oriental region and
Australasia.

Vol. IV., 1910

Part I.—Second Report on the Collection of Culicide in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of new
genera and species. =

MEMOIRS OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM

Vol. I.

No. 1.—An Account of the Rats of Calcutta. By W.C. Hossack. Rs. 5-8.
No. 2.—An Account of the Internal Anatomy of Bathynomus giganteus. By R. E. Lioyp. Rs. 2.

No. 3. A and B.—The Oligocheta of India, Nepal, Ceylon, Burma, and the Andaman Islands, with
an Account of the Anatomy of certain Aquatic Forms. By W. Micuartsen and J. SreeHEnson.
Rs, 4-8.

No. 4.—Investigator sicarius, a Gephyrean Worm hitherto undescribed, the type of a new order. By
F. H. Stewart. Rs, 2.

Vol. I.

.
No. 1.—Report on the Fishes taken by the Bengal Fisheries Steamer “Golden Crown.” Part I.—
Batoidei. By N. Annanpate. Rs. 2.

No. 2.—An Account of the Indian Cirripedia Pedunculata. Part I.—Family Lepadide (sensu stricto).
By N. Annanpa.e. Res, 2.

No. 3.—A description of the Deep-sea Fish caught by the R.I.M.S. Ship “Investigator” since the year
1900, with supposed evidence of mutation in Malthopsis, and illustrations of the Zoology of the
R.I.M.S. Ship “Investigator,” Fishes Plates XLIV—L, 1909. By R. E. Lioyp. Rs, 4-8.

Miscellaneous Zoological Publications

Rs. As. Rs. As.

Account of the Deep-sea Brachyura collected Echinoderma of the Indian Museum : Littoral

by the R.I.M.S. “Investigator.” By A. Holothurioidea collected by the R.I.M.S.

Alcock, M.B., C.M.Z.S. Gis) ial “Investigator.” By R. Koehler and C.
aan “of the ae sea Madreporaria col Vaney . 2 oe 0

ected by the R.I.M.S. “ Investigator y

Ae Aloock, MB, CMZS. 1 9 | Petinederm of the Indian Nasgam; Davy
Account of the Triaxon (Hexactinellid) s sponges investioal ce By RK his e 1080

ae by the eas (HR re ais Pe i a a s heey

By F Schulze, Ph.D 16 0 chinoderma of the Indian Museum: Shallow-
Account of the Aleyonarians collecey by the water Ophiuroidea collected by the R.I.M.S.

R.LMS. “Investigator.” Part I. By J. “Investigator.” By R. Koehler .. par Alst()

matt ee M.A., and W. D. Hender- Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part V :

Bor 1 rAd 1 WW 16.0 An account of the Deep-sea Asteroidea
Account of t he A cyonarians collected by the collected by the RIMS. “ Investigator. ” ,

jer rane Oe 7 i Sines a oy i Sones : git

, , S

M.A., B.Sc. 20 0 Figures and Deeupaons of nine Speciek of
Nidsctorthe identification it aaieenamacied Squillidee from the Collection of the Indian

with Plague in India. By W. C. Hossack, Museum. By J. Wood-Mason, F.Z,S., etc.,

M.D. 0 8 edited by A. Alcock, M.B., C.M. VAS 2 0

Catalogue | of the Indian Dec apod Crustacea. Guide to the Zoological Calicetions tel

Part I.—Brachyura, Fasciculus I. — Intro- in the Bird Gallery of the Indian Museum.

duction and Brachyura Primigenia. By A. By F. Finn, B.A., F.Z.8. ; ORI

ieee ae ee rer 8. Rs, 3 14.0 Guide to the Foologival Collections axhinived
Catalogue of the Indian Decapod Crustacea. in fhe Bish Gallery a dadian Museum,

Part Il—Anomura. Fasciculus I.—Pagu- Nee PERS tae eM: : oe

rides. By A. Alcock, M.B., LL.D., FR Sk Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited

CAR: SE) in the Invertebrate Gallery of the Indian
Catalogue ‘of ane “Indian Decapod Crustacea. onieae By A. Alcock, M.B., C.M.Z.S.

Part III. —Macrura. Fasciculus I.—The ut of Print)

Prawns of the Peneus Group. By A. Alcock, Guide to the Zoological Collections exhibited

M.B., LL.D., F.RS., CLE. 70 in the Reptile and Amphibia Gallery of the
Catalogue of Indian Deep- sea Crustacea: Deca- ee Waeeee Be re Micode M.B.,

poda Macrura and Anomala in the Indian >

Museum. By A. Alcock, M.B., LL.D., SEA SAGER)

C.M.ZS. 10 0 Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum,
Catalogue of Indian Deep- sea Fishes in the Parts I and I, and Fasciculus E._ By G.

Indian Museum. By A. Alcock, M.B., Nem CMZS.. etc, Index, Parts I and IT.

C.ALZS. 2 5 0 y W. Theobold F ae
Catalogue of Mammalia in the Indian Museum, List of Batrachia in the Tecra ieee By

Part. I. By J. Anderson, M.D. LU.D., W. L. Sclater, M.A. F.Z.S. = 1 0

F.R.S. Part I. By W. L. Sek ater, M.A., List of Birds in the Tate Museum. Part L—

F.ZS.~. 6 0 Corvidee, Paradiseidee, Ptilonorhynchide and
Catalogue of Mantodea in the Indian Museum, Crateropodide, By EF. Finn, B.A. F.ZS. . 1 0

Parts Tand II. By J. Wood-Mason, F.Z.8., aha List of Snakes in the Indian user By

2 "4

Catalogue ‘of Moths of India, Parts I to VIL W. L. Sclater, MA, B.ZS. ore

B @. Cotes and C. Swinhoe, FSS Monograph of the watts Chiroptera ae

FZS., eke: 5 12 Catalogue of the Species of Bats in the
Echinoderma of the Indian Museum : Account Indian Museum. By G. E. Dobson, M.A.,

of the Deep-sea Holothurioidea collected by M.B, ERS. . 3 0

the R.I.M.S. “ Investigator.” By R. Koehler Nonsense of the Oriental Cen Paths I

and C. Vaney . 5 : : = 16).0 to VIL. By W.L. Distant, F.E.S. . pool al

The above can be obtained from the Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and from Messrs
Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.

Other Publications edited and sold by the Superintendent of the Indian Museum (also obtainable
from Messrs Friedlander & Sohn) issued by the Director of the Royal Indian Marine.

Illustrations of the Zoology of the R.I.M.S. “Investigator” 1892, Fishes, Plates 1 to VII. Crustacea,
Plates I to V, 1894. Fishes, Plates VII to XIII. Crustacea, Plates V T to VIII. Echinoderma, Plates I to ILI,
1895. Echinoderma, Plates [V and V. Fishes, Plates XIV to XVI. Crustacea, Plates IX to XV, 1896. Crus-
tacea, Plates XVI to XXVII, 1897. Fishes, Plate XVII. Crustacea, Plates XXVIII to XXXII. Mollusea,
Plates I to VI, 1898. Fishes, Plates X VIII to XXIV. Crustacea, Plates XXXIII to XXXV. Mollusca, Plates
VII and VIII, 1899. Fishes, Plates XXV and XXVI. Crustacea, Plates XXXVI to XLV, 1900. Fishes, Plates
XXVII to XXXV. Crustacea, Plates XLVI to XLVIII. Index, Part: I, 1901. Crustacea, Plates XLIX ‘to LV.
Mollusca, Plates IX to XIII, 1902, Crustacea, Plates LVI to LXVIl. Crustacea, Plates LXVIII to LXXVI.
Fishes, Plates XXXVI to XXXVI, 1905. Crustacea (Malacostraca), Plates LXXVIL to LXXIX. Crustacea
(Entomostraca), Plates I and II. Mollusca, Plates XIV to XVIII, 1907. Fishes, Plates XXXIX to XLII.
Crustacea (Entomostraca), Plates III to V. Mollusea, Plates XIX and XX, 1908.—Re. 1 per plate.

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