CATALOGUE

OF THE

Marine Mollusks of Japan

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

AND NOTES ON OTHERS

COLLECTED BY

FREDERICK STEARNS

BY

HENRY A,,PILSBRY

Conservator Conchological Section of the Aca3emy~of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

DETROIT

PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK STEARNS
1895

CATALOGUE

OF THE

Marine Mollusks of Japan

WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

AND NOTES ON OTHERS

COLLECTED BY

FREDERICK STEARNS

>../-,:.. si v ••.••'.::".
HENRY A. PILSBRY

Conservator Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

DETROIT

PUBLISHED BY FREDERICK STEARNS
1895

..

•IOLOGY
LIBRA

PREFACE.

'"THIS catalogue grew from the research incidental to the identifi-
cation of the mollusca procured by Mr. Frederick Stearns dur-
ing two visits to Japan. A portion of the collection made in 1889-
'90 having been submitted to the writer for identification, it was
found to contain a number of new and interesting species, some of
•which were described and figured in the Proceedings of the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 189J, and in the The Nauti-
lus. A catalogue ol this collection (pp. 20, 1 plate) was prepared
by Mr. Stearns, and widely circulated among naturalists.

A much more extensive collection was secured by Mr. Stearns
upon his second visit to Japan, and it was found necessary to review
so considerable an amount of conchological literature in its identifi-
cation, that it seemed desirable to collate the references to Japanese
mollusks subsequent to the date of Dunker's excellent work, Index
Molluscorum maris Japonici, as well as those not contained in that
catalogue, and, together with descriptions and figures of the new
forms discovered by Mr. Stearns, to publish a new catalogue of
Japanese marine mollusca. The present volume contains about 500
species more than Dunker's Index, although a considerable number
of forms enumerated by him are herein considered synonyms or are
rejected from the Japanese list. 40 species and 8 varieties believed
to be new are described, including some of which diagnoses have
already appeared in the Nautilus, and the species of certain families,
such as Patellidce, Fissurellidce, etc., are somewhat critically revised.
In the families Rissoidce, Eulimidce, and Pyramidellidce a con-
siderable number of forms collected by Mr. Stearns remain un-
identified. Although some of them are doubtless new, the literature
of these groups has been so overloaded with Arthur Adams' des-
criptions which do not describe, that intelligent work upon the
Japanese forms is impossible. The literature of descriptive zoology
furnishes but few instances of work more superficial and worthless
than that of this industrious dilettante.

cm)

M110427

v PREFACE.

The work consists of three portions : a list of marine mollusks
which have been stated to inhabit Japan from Yezzo to Kiushiu,
with references to description or figures of most species, and enumer-
ation of the special localities at which each species has been found
by previous naturalists or by Mr. Stearns. This is followed by a
catalogue of the Inland mollusks taken by Mr. Stearns in Japan ;
and finally a list of mollusks of the Loo Choo group procured by
Mr. Stearns is given.

I have identified the specimens collected in Japan ; those from
the Loo Choo Islands were identified partly by Mr. Stearns, partly
by myself (see p. 160).

Recent investigations have added no very important facts to
the general conclusions of Lischke regarding the status of the
Japanese mollusk fauna in comparison with the Indo-Pacific faunas.
The percentage of species peculiar to Japan has been considerably
increased, however, and probably will be further augmented;
although no doubt recent political events have added a considerable
number of tropical species to what must hereafter be considered
Japanese seas.

The classification used in the following pages while not entirely
that of any one of the manuals, it is hoped will be found convenient
for reference. The current generic nomenclature has been revised
in certain cases; and for perhaps the first time in the century, cer-
tain Linnsean names, such as Lima lima and Delphinula delphinula
hayebeeu restored to their rightful places.

It may be noticed that some new specific names employed here-
in resemble the names of certain localities or islands of the Japanese
Empire; but we must here explicitly declare that between such
specific and geographic names no necessary connection exists ; and
the former, except where the contrary is stated, should be taken as
mere arbitrary or meaningless words. They will, therefore, not be
subject to change on account of modifications in the current mode
of transliteration from Japanese to the Roman character, nor from
other causes.

Philadelphia, August, 1895. H. A. P.

INTRODUCTION.

DURING 1889-'90, the publisher of this Catalogue spent nearly
a year in Japan, and some weeks in China. The journey was
in quest of health and the pleasure of travel. Much time was de-
voted to making a typical collection of Japanese art work of many
kinds. I had been, for some years before visiting Japan, much
interested in its history, political evolution, and in the marvellous
delicacy of many of its art products, and had studied and collected
the latter with interest.

The result was a collection of over fifteen thousand objects in
metal, lacquer, pottery, bronzes, fabrics, etc. This collection has
been catalogued, mounted and presented to the Detroit Museum of
Art.

Being also interested in natural history, I attempted to make a
collection of the mollusks of the country, commencing first with
such species as I found in the markets of Tokyo and Yokohama,
and finally employing an intelligent Japanese fisherman — Morita
Seto — who traversed the entire east coast from Tokyo, along Sagama
and Saruga and the coasts of the Provinces Kii, Awa and Toza,
along the north shore of the Inland Sea as far as Bingo, and, by aid
of the fisherfolk, obtained nearly a thousand forms of marine life.

An account by Mr. J. E. Ives of the Echinoderms, Crustacea
and Pycnogonida collected, will be found in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia for 1891, p. 210, plates VII-XII ; and some of the
Mollusks are described and illustrated by Mr. Pilsbry in the same
volume, pp. 165, 471, plates IV, XVII, XVIII, XIX.

The Japanese fishermen, by the use of drag and dredge-nets,
gather not only fish, but largely mollusks, working in water some-
times as deep as thirty fathoms.

The region visited lies between 33° and 36° north latitude,
and 132° and 141° east longitude, on the east coast of the Japanese
Islands. Here the Kuro-Shiwo or " Pacific Gulf Stream " flows
north-easterly, and the presence of this warm current accounts, possi-
bly, for the occasional finding of strictly tropical species.

(v)

Vi INTRODUCTION.

In December, 1891, I set out upon a winding journey around
the world, first spending the winter on the Hawaiian Islands, where
I made some collections of shells, thence proceeded to Japan, where
the following summer was passed. Here I traveled more exten-
sively than during my former visit, the itinerary covering almost
the entire length of the Empire, from the Province of Satsuma in
the south, to Sapporo, the capital of the Island of Yezzo, in the
north.

Profiting by the experience of my first visit, I availed myself of
the assistance of coast-fishermen in collecting the rarer forms of
mollusks, and, while the territory covered does not greatly exceed
that of the earlier visit, much new material was obtained.

My Japanese collector, Morita Seto, spent a year — 1891-2 — in
the Loo Choo Islands, collecting shells. But, as the fauna of that
Archipelago is more closely allied to that of the Indo-Pacific region
than the fauna of the Japanese waters, the results of the expedition
were not so valuable as anticipated.

In conclusion it should be stated that I have spent an active
business life as a manufacturing pharmacist, until circumstances
permitted me within recent years to retire from active work in that
profession, and devote my advanced years to travel, and to at least
a superficial study of natural history ; and hence I beg to be con-
sidered only as an amateur in conchology, and the public will
understand that whatever of scientific merit this volume possesses,
is due to my friend and editor Prof. H. A. Pilsbry.

NOTE: — Very many of the species enumerated in this Cata-
logue, to which my name is attached as collector, may be had in
exchange by conchologists and collectors. Upon application,
printed lists of such duplicates will be forwarded. Many species of
which but few specimens were obtained upon my first visit, were
found more abundantly on the second.

FREDERICK STEARNS,

Detroit, Michigan,
U. S. A.

List of Abbreviations Used for the Prin-
cipal Authorities Cited.

I. WORKS ON THE FAUNA OF JAPAN AND NORTH-EAST ASIA.

Mai Ross. Beitrage zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica, von Dr.
A. Th. von Middendorff. St. Petersburg, 1847.

Sib. Reise. Dr. A. Th. von Middendorff's Reise in den Ausser-
sten Norden und Osten Siberiens. II, Zoologie, Mollusken, bearbei-
tet von A. Th. von Middendorff. St. Petersburg, 1851.

Amurl. Moll. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande, in den
Jahren 1854-1856, etc., von Dr. Leopold v. Schrenck. II, Mol-
lusken des Amur-Landes und des Nordjapanischen Meeres. St.
Petersburg, 1867.

Moll. Jap. Mollusca Japonica, a Guilielmo Dunker, Stuttgart,
1861.

J. M. C. Japanische Meeres-Conchylien, von Dr. C. E. Lischke,
I, II, III, Cassel, 1869-1874.

Faun. Jap. Fauna Molluscorum extramarinorum Japonise, eta,
von Dr. W. Kobelt. Frankfurt a. M., 1880.

Index. Index Molluscorum maris Japonic!, a Guilielmo Dunker,
1882.

II. MONOGRAPHIC AND ICONOGRAPHIC WORKS.

Man. Conch. Manual of Conchology, by George W. Tryon, Jr.,
Philadelphia, 1878-1895. First series, Marine Univalves, Vols. I-
X by Tryon ; X-XVI, by H. A. Pilsbry. Second series, Terrestrial
Mollusks, Vol. I-IV by Tryon ; V-X by Pilsbry.

Conch. Cab. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und
Chemnitz, Zweite Ausgabe. Later and more useful volumes by
Philippi, Pfeiffer, Dunker, Roemer, Clessin, von Martens, Kobelt,
Brot, Weinkauff.

Abbild. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen neuer oder wenig
gekannter Conchy lieu, von Dr. R. A. Philippi, I, II, III, 1845-
1851.

(vii)

Vlll LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Conch. Icon., or C. Icon. Conchologia Iconica, or Illustrations-
of the Shells of Molluscous Animals, by Lovell Reeve, Vols. I-
XX, 1843-1878 ; later volumes by G. B. Sowerby.

Thes. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, by G. B. Sowerby, London,
1847-1887.
Nov. Conch., or Novit. Conch. Novitates Conchologicae. Cassel.

III. JOURNALS AND PROCEEDINGS OF SOCIETIES.

Am. Journ. Conch. American Journal of Conchology, edited by
Geo. W. Tryon, Jr., Philadelphia, 1865-1872.

Ann. Mag. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Lon-
don.

Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. Bulletin de la Socie"te Zoologique de France,.
Paris.

Jap. Ceph. Japanska Cephalopoder, af A. Appelloff; in Kongliga
Sveuska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar (new series) XXI,.
No. 13. Stockholm, 1886.

Journ. de Conch. Journal de Conchyliogie, publi6 sous la direct-
ion de H. Crosse et P. Fischer, Paris.

Nautilus. The Nautilus, a monthly journal devoted to the inter-
ests of conchologists. Edited by H. A. Pilsbry and C. W. Johnson,
Philadelphia.

P. Z. S. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1830-
1895.

IV. VOYAGES AND MISCELLANEOUS.

Astrol. Voyage de DScouvertes de 1'Astrolabe, execute" par ordrc
du Roi pendant les anne"es 1826-1829, etc. Zoologie, par MM.
Quoy et Gaimard, Paris, 1832.

Chall. Rep. Challenger Reports, Cephalopoda, Vol. XVI, by W.
E. Hoyle ; Gastropoda and Scaphopoda, Vol. XV, by R. Boog
Watson ; Pelecypoda, Vol. XII, by E. A. Smith.

U. S. Expl. Exped., or Expl. Exped. United States Exploring
Expedition, etc. Vol. XII, Mollusca and Shells, by Augustus A.
Gould. Boston, 1852.

Otia. Otia Conchologica ; Descriptions of Shells and Mollusks,
from 1839 to 1862, by Augustus A. Gould, M. D. Boston, 1862.

Zool. Samarang or Voy. Samarang. The Zoology of the Voyage
of H. M. S. Samarang, etc. Mollusca by Arthur Adams and Lovell
Reeve. London, 1848.

CEPHALOPODA.
ABGONAUTIDJE.

Argonauta argo Linng.

Several specimens collected by Stearns, Tokyo, etc.
Argonauta hians Solander (-f- gondola and owenii Ads. & Rve., Zool. Samarang)

Both the earless and eared forms collected by Mr. Stearns, Kishu
coast and Inland Sea.
Argonauta boettgeri Malzan. J. de Conch., 1881, p. 163, pi. 6, f. 7.

A single specimen collected by Mr. Stearns agrees well with the
description and figures of this species, but is slightly less compressed.
Its habitat has not been known hitherto.

OCTOPODIDJE.

Octopus vulgaris Lam.

Nagasaki (App.).
Octopus membranaceus Q. & G. Astrol., pi. 6, f. 5.

Japan.
Octopus globosus Appellof. Jap. Ceph., p. 7, pi. 1, f. 4, 5.

Nagasaki (App.).
Octopus macropus Risso. Chall. Rep., Vol. Ifi, p. 95.

Yokohama (Chall.).

Octopus ouvieri d'Orb. Appellof, Japanska Ceph., pi. 1, f. 6; Orb., Hiet. Nat. Ceph.,
p. 18, pi. 1, 27.

Nagasaki (App.) ; compare 0. macropus.
Octopus ocellatus Gray. Jap. Ceph., p. 8, pi. 1, f. 1-3.

Nagasaki (App.).
Octopus fang-siao d'Orbigny. Ceph. Ace"t., p. 70.

Japan.

SEPIOLIDJE.

Inioteuthis morsel Verrill. Jap. Ceph., p. 15, pi. 2, f. 15, 16 j pi. 3, f. 16, 19, 20,
23. Chall. Rep., p. 112. PI. XIV, figs. 1-9.

Kobe and Tokyo Bay, 8-14 fms., mud (Chall.) ; Bay of Yedo
(Verrill) ; Nagasaki (App.).
2

2 . . tc JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CEPHALOPODA.

Iniotbuthlt japoricTa.F^r; «#rW Man. Conch., I, p. 157.

Promaohoteuthis megaptera Hoyle. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 120, pi. 14, figs. 10-
14. Wood cut 3.

S. Enoshiraa, 1875 fath.,blue mud (Challenger).

SEPIIDJE.
Sepia hercules Pilsbry. PI. 1. figs. 1, 2. The Nautilus, VII, p. 144, April 2, 1894.

Shell having the general form of that of S. esculenta Hoyle but
more convex ventrally ; chitinous margin narrow ; dorsal surface
tuberculate-rugose as in esculenta, but more coarsely so, the posterior
part having the tubercles very deeply separated, flat-topped, and
leaning backward ; dorsal surface evenly rounded, with no trace of
a median longitudinal rib. Ventral surface as in esculenta, but the
striation is much closer although the shell is triple the size. Last loc-
ulus has an index of 22. Inner cone well developed, its limbs aris-
ing about one-third the length of the shell from the posterior end,
gradually rising along the sides, posteriorly reflexed and appressed
on the outer cone, leaving below a narrow small cavity. The ante-
rior edge of the inner cone does not form a shelf across the posterior
end of the outer cone as is the case in esculenta, and the cavity is
much smaller, shallower and narrower than in a specimen of esculenta
155 mill, in length. Spine very stout, conical, its root excavated
ventrally. Color, white in the middle, faint pink at the sides ; whit-
ish beneath.

Length 425 mill.; greatest breadth 160 mill.; length of spine 19
mill.

This species is the giant of the genus.the shell being about 1 6 1 inches
long. It is allied to S. esculenta Hoyle, but differs as above indicated.
The dorsal slope does not descend abruptly to the spine as in that
species. Of S. esculenta a good many specimens are before me col-
lected by Mr. Stearns. They agree well with the " Challenger "
specimens. The size of esculenta is moderately constant, shells seen
by Hoyle, Appelloff and myself being from 155 to 163 mill, long
(about 6J inches).

A second specimen from the Luchu Is. exhibits the same char-
acters throughout.

Sepia esculenta Hoyle. Hoyle, Challenger Rep., xvi, p. 129, pi. 17, f. 1-5 : pi. 18,
f. 1-61.

Yokohama (Challenger ; Stearns).

The specimens of the shell agree well with Hoyle's figures.

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, CEPHALOPODA. 3

Sepia andreanoides Hoyle. Hoyle, 1. c., p. 139, pi. 21, f. 11-19.

Purchased in the market, Yokohama (Challenger) ; Ika Coast
(Stearns).

Sepia andreana Steenstrup. Steenstrup, Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., X, No. 7, pi. 1, f. 11-
19, 1875.

Japan (Stp.).

Sepia n. sp.

A species of Rochebrune's section Doratosepion, allied to S. an-
dreana Stp., S. andreanoides Hoyle and S. kobiensis Hoyle, but
crimson above. Yeda coast (Stearns).

Sepia peterseni Appellof. Jap. Ceph., p. 23, pi. 2, f. 1-6 ; pi. 3, f. 21.

Sepia kobiensis Hoyle. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 142 ; pi. 18, figs. 7-14. Wood cut 7.

Kobe Bay, 8 fath., mud.
Sepia (Metasepia) tullbergi Appellof. Jap. Ceph., p. 26, pi. 2, f. 7-14.

Nagasaki.
Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 149, pi. 22, figs. 1-10.

Inland Sea, Japan.

LOLIGINIDJE.

Sepioteuthis lessoniana Fer. Jap. Ceph., p. 31.

Nagasaki.

Sepioteuthis sinensis Orbigny. Japan.
Loligo edulis Hoyle. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 152, pi. 23.

Yokohama Market (Challenger).
Loligo kobiensis Hoyle. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 154, pi. 25, figs. 1-10.

Kobe Bay, 8 fath., mud (Challenger).
Loligo japonica Steenstrup. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 157 ; pi. 24, figs. 7-15.

Yokohama Market, (Challenger).
Loligo bleekeri Keferstein. Jap. Ceph., p. 31, pi. 1, f. 7-10.

Nagasaki.
Loligo? sumatrensis d'Orbigny. Jap. Ceph., p. 32, pi. 1, f. 11; pi. 3, f. 11-15.

Japan (App.).
Loligo ? sp.

Numerous very large "pens" measuring 31 cm. in length, and
resembling those of Loligo were brought by Mr. Stearns from Yoko-
hama.

4 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PTEROPODA.

OMMASTREPHIDJE.

Ommastrephes pacificus Steenstrup. Jap. Ceph., p. 35, pi. 3, f. 8-10.

Japan (App.).
Ommastrephes bartramii Lesueur.

Japan (teste Mitsukuri & Ikeda). Seems a very doubtful identi-
fication.
Architeuthis n. sp.? Mitsukuri A Ikeda. The Zool. Mag., Tokyo, vii, p. 39, pi. 10.

Bay of Tateyaraa, Prov. Awa, E. side Bay of Tokyo.

Megateuthus martensii Hilgendorf. Sitzungsber. Ges. naturforsch. Fr. fieri., 1880,
p. 65.

Yedo (Hilg.).

Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup. Chall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 163, pi. 28, figs. 1-5.
Inland Sea.

TODARIDJE.

Gonatus fabrioii (Lichtenstein) Steenstrup. ('hall. Rep., Vol. 16, p. 174, pi. .
Japan.

CRANCHIID2E.
Loligopsis (1) chrysophalmus Tilesius. Man. Concb., p. 164.

Japan.

NAUTILID2E.

Nautilus pompilius has been reported from Japan by Dunker,
but its occurrence there is doubtful.

PTEROPODA.

As these mollusks are wholly pelagic in habits, the number occur-
ing in Japanese waters will probably be larger than given below.
For literature see Pelseneer, Report on Pteropoda coll. by Challen-
ger.

PTEROPODA GYMNOSOMATA.

Several species of Pteropoda gymnosomata have been collected in
the N. Pacific east of Japan, but we are still ignorant of the species
which actually occur in Japanese waters. See Challenger Report,
Vol. XIX, part Iviii, p. 65.

PTEROPODA THECOSOMATA.

LIMACINIDJE.
Limacina inflata d'Orbigny.
Corea Strait, (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLU3KS, PULMONATA. 5

Limacina lesueuri d'Orbigny.

Pacific E. of Japan,
Limacina bulimoides d'Orb. Same locality.

"Agadina" stimpsoni A. Ad. (=!arval Gastropoda). Chall. Rep. Pter. Theo., p.
38, pi. 1, f. 11-14.

Kino Osima (Ad.).

" Agadina " gouldii A. Ad.

Kino-Osima (Ad.).

CAVOLINIIDJE.

Creseis virgula Rang. Bay of Yedo.

Creseis acicula Rang. China Sea, E. of Japan.

Hyalocylix striata Rang. China Sea, off E. Japan.

Styliola subula Q. & G. Off E. Japan.

Clio pyramidata Linne. Off E. Japan.

Clio cuspidata Bosc. Off E. Japan.

Cuvierina columnella Rang. Off E. Japan.

Cavolinia trispinosa Lesueur. Off Japan.

Cavolinia quadridentata Lesueur. China Sea, off S.-E. Japan.

Cavolinia globulosa Rang. China Sea.

Cavolinia gibbosa Rang. Same locality.

Cavoiinia tridentata Forskal. Same locality.

Cavolinia uncinata Rang. Yedo.

Cavolinia inflexa Lesueur. Corea Strait, Yokohama.

PULMONATA.

SIPHONARIIDJE.

Siphonaria atra Quoy & Gaimard. Q. & G., Voy de 1'Astrol., pi. 25, figs. 41, 42.
8. cornuta Gld., U. S. Expl, Exped., pi. 357, fig. 467. S. coreensis Ads. A Rve.,
Zool. Samarang, pi. 13, f. la, Ib.

Tokyo (Dkr.); Nagasaki (Lisclike).

I have seen no Japanese specimens referable to this species. Per-
haps the forms described by Gould and Adams and Reeve will
prove distinct from the true S. atra.
Siphonaria sirius Pilsbry. PI. VI, figs. 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28.

Shell oblong, polygonal, low conical with subcentral, erect apex ;
primary ribs all single, generally 7, strongly elevated and white ; inter-
spaces wide, dark brown, radially finely ribbed. Interior brown-

6 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, PULMONATA.

black, the larger ribs indicated by white rays ; siphon occupying a sin-
gle ribt never a double one. Cavity with a white callus (rarely
chestnut colored), the region of the muscle impression bordered
with chestnut stains. Length 22, breadth 1 7-19, alt. 5 mm.

Sagami, and Kashiwazaki, Boshiu, Japan (Frederick Stearns !).

This species differs from S. atra Q. & G., coreensis A. & R., and
their allies in having the siphonal rib single and simple. It is prob-
ably the species identified as S. atra by Dunker and other writers
on Japanese shells. Several hundred specimens collected by Mr.
Stearns agree in the characters above given. Not one shows any
tendency to double the siphonal rib.

Siphonaria cochleariformis Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 6, figs. 28 a, b.

Koshinozaki, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Deshima (Dkr.); Nagasaki
(Lischke). The specimens agree well with Reeve's figures, except
that the entire interior is black-brown except for a narrow white
border closely marked with dark at each rib interval.

Siphonaria acmaeoides Pilsbry. PI. VI, figs. 19, 20, 21, 22.

Shell oblong, nearly equilateral, but with excentric apex like S.
radiata A. & R. (Zool. Samarang, pi. 13, fig. 2). The even surface
hardly modified by the 9-16 low, wide ribs, between which it is very
finely radially striated. Siphonal rib wide but low and inconspicu-
ous. Apex spiral, bent down and appressed. Interior blackish or
chestnut within the muscle impression, outside of which it is radially
striped black and white, the siphonal channel extremely shallow
and inconspicuous. Color outside whitish-buff, speckled and mac-
ulated with brown, or whitish on the principal ribs, the intervals
black-brown. Length 12|, breadth 9i, alt. 3£ mm.

Prov. Boshiu, Japan (Frederick Stearns).

This little species very closely resembles Acmcea Heroldi in the
general form and the coloration of the interior.

OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

ACTJEONIDJE.
Solidula strigosa Gld. J. M. C., II, pi. 5, f. 12, 13.

Loo Choo and Kagoshima (Stimp.) ; Nagasaki (Birileff) ; Tokyo
Harbor (Stearns) ; Gozo Harbor, 6 fms. (St. John).
Solidula fratercula Dkr. Index, p. 161, pi. 13, f. 21-23.
Japan (Dkr.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. 7

Actaeon siebaldi Rre. Man. Conch., XV, p. 148, pi. 19, f. 18, 19.

Japan (Siebold).
Leucotina dianae Ad. Man. Conch., XV, p. 167, pi. 18, f. 68, 69.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Leucotina gigantea Dkr. Index, p. 160, pi. 2, f. 8, 9.

Japan.
Leucotina sulcata A. Ad. Man. Conch., XV, p. 168.

Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).
Leucotina niphonensis A. Ad.

16 miles of Mino-Shima, off Nippon, Strait of Corea, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Leucotina exarata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 168.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Leucotina inculpta A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 169.

St. of Corea, 46 fms. (Ad.).

Leucotina punctata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 169.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Leucotina japonica A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 169.

Strait of Corea, off Nippon (Ad.).
Leucotina scitula A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 170.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Bullina scabra Gmel. Man. Conch., xv, p, 176, pi. 45, f. 18-22.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).

TORNATINIDJE.
Tornatina exilis Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 25, pi. 2, f. 14.

Deshima (Dkr.); Nagasaki (Lischke).
Tornatina delicatula A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 190.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Tornatina simplex A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 193, pi. 25, f. 51.

Japan (Ad.).
Tornatina gracilis A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 194, pi. 25, f. 49.

Japan (A. Ad.).
Tornatina fusiformis A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 194, pi, 22, f. 27.

Japan (A. Ad.).
Retusa succincta A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 222.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. ; Awa-Shima, low water (Ad.).

8 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

Retusa (Pyrunculus) folliculus A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 270.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Betusa (Pyrunculus) phiala A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 230.

Miiio-Shima, 63 fras. (Ad.).
Retusa (Pyrunculus) elliptioa Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 231.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. (A. Ad.).
Volvula opalina, cylindrella, ovulina, A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 239, 240.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Volvula speotabilis and radiola A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 240.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (A. Ad.).

Volvula attenuata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 240.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (A. Ad.).

Volvula angustata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 240.
Eiidermo Harbor, 4-7 fms. (St. John).

SCAPHANDRIDJE.

Scaphander japonicus, cumingii. elongatus, A. Ad. .Man. Conch., xv, p. 254.
Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).

Scaphander sulcatinus A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 254.
Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).

Scaphander sieboldi. dilatatus A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 255.

Tsu-Shima, Japan, 26 fms. (Ad.).

The unfigured Scaphanders described from Japan by Adams may,
some of them, prove to be Philines.

Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 260.
Takano-Shima, between tide marks (Ad.).

Atys naucum Linne. Man. Conch., xv, p. 263, pi. 28, f. 11-13, 16.

Deshima (Dkr.).

Atys scrohiculata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 265.
Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Atys (Alicula) porcellana Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 268, pi. 28, f. 23 ; Ann. Mag.,
1875, xvi, p. 114.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimp.), Matoza Harbor (St. John).

Atys (Alicula) secalina and volvulina A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 269, 270.
Tsu-Shima, Japan, 25 fms. (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, OPISTHOBRANCHIATA. 9

Atys (Roxania) punctulata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 279.

Mino-Shiraa 63 fms. (Ad.).
Cylichna semisulcata Dunker. Index, p. 163, pi. 13, f. 7-9.

Japan.
Cyliohna japonica and rimata A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 304, 305.

Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).

Cylichna proxima, lepidula, parallela, pumila, candidula A. Ad. Man. Conch.,
xv, pp. 304-307.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (Ad.).

Cylichna venustula, consobrina, assimilis, inedita A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, pp.

304-307.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Cylichna latiuscula A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 305.

Tabu-Shi ma, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Cylichna pertenuis Smith. Man. Conch., xv, p. 307.

N. lat. 42° 52', E. long. 144° 40', 48 fms. (St. John).
Cylichna laeta Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 308.

Kagoshima (Stimp.).
Cylichna consobrina Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 308.

W. coast of Yesso.

Cylichna concinna A. Ad. Thes., p. 593, pi. 125, f. 142.
Matoza Harbor, 6 fms. (St. John).

PHILINIDJE.

Philina scalpta A. Adams. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 76, pi. 5, f. 15, 16.
Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Tsu Shima (Ad.).

Philine japonica Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 77, pi. 5, f. 13, 14 (P. striatella Tap.-
Can., Viag. Magenta, pi. 2, f. 9).

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) Yokohama (Tap.-Can.). Specimens col-
lected by Stearns show japonica and striatella to be identical.
Philine crenata and striolata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, ix, p. 160, 161.

Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Philine argentata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 111.

Hakodate Bay (Stimpson), 2-6 fath., sandy mud.
Philine (Laona) zonata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1865, p. 324.

O Shima ; Yobuko (Ad.).

10 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

BULLIDJE.

Bulla (vernicosa var. ?) ovulum (Old.) Sowb. Man. Conch., xv, p. 349.
Boshiu ; Luchu Is. (Stearns).

AKERID2E.

Haminea angusta Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 361.

Simoda (Stimp.).
Haminea strigosa A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 362.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Haminea grisea Smith. Man. Conch., xv, p. 362.

Off Japan. Lat. 42° 52' N. ; Long. 144° 4(y E. ; 48 fath. ; sand
and mud (St. John).

Haminea cymbalum Q. & 6. Lischke, J. M. C., p. 105.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Haminea constricta A. Ad. Man. Conch., xv, p. 370.

Japan (Schrenck).

HYDATINIDJE.
Hydatina physig Linn£. Man. Conch., xv, p. 387, pi. 45, f. 14-17.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

Hydatina alhooinota Hoeven. Man. Conch., xv, p. 388, pi. 45, f. 29, 30.

Nagasaki (Birileff).
Hydatina inflata Dunker. Index, p. 162, pi. 2, f. 14-16.

Inland Sea at AVakayama.

BINGICTJLIDJE.
Ringicula doliaris Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 403.

Hakodate Bay (Stimp.). ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Ringicula arctata Gld. Man. Conch., xv, p. 403, pi. 47, f. 74, 75, 79.

Nagasaki (Birileff); Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Eingiouia oelertiana Morlet. Journ. de Conchyl., 1880, p. 156, pi. 5, f. 4.

Japan (St. John).

APLYSIIDJE.
Aplysia marginata and marmorea A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 140.

Port Hamilton (Ad.). Will probably occur in Japan.
Dolabella scapula Mart. Dkr., Index, p. 168.

Wakayama (Dkr.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TEREBRID^. 11

Pliyllaplysia punctulata Tapperone-Canefri. Yiag. Magenta, p. 112, pi. 2, f. 3.
Yokohama.

TJMBRELLIDJE.
Umbrella indica Linne. Dkr., Index, p. 169.

Japan (Dkr.).
Bertinia bertinia Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 1883, p. 194, pi. 10, figs. 6, 8.

Japan.

[NUDIBRANCHIATA omitted].

PROSOBRANCHIATA.

( Toxoglossa).
TEREBRIDJE.

Terebra albozonata Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 185, pi. 19, f. 5.
Matoza Harbor (Smith) ; N. of Kiushiu (St. John).
Terebra adamsii Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 415.

Matoza Harbor, 6 fathoms.

Terebra (Myurella) bathyrhaphe Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 415; Challenger
Gastrop., 1873-6, XV, p. 377, pi. XIV, fig. 9.

Gulf of Yedo 6 to 25 fathoms, soft mud and sand.

Terebra bifrons Hinds. Thes. Conch. I, p. 174, pi. 43, f. 57 (a small or young speci-
men.

S.-E. coast Prov. Kii (Stearns).
Terebra bipartita Gld. Otia Conch., p. 126.

Hakodate Bay (Stimpson).
Terebra duplicata Linne. Conch. Icon., f. 3.

Inland Sea (Stearns).

Terebra cingulifera Lam. Southeast coast Kii (Stearns).
Terebra dussumieri Kiener. Rve., C. Icon., f. 7.

Kamakura (Stearns, young) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Terebra evoluta Deshayes. Rvc., Conch. Icon., XII, f. 55. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879,
p. 183.

Ukushima, Goto Is., Matoza Harbor, (St. John); E. coast (Stearns).
Terebra flammea Lam. Rve., C. Icon., f. 13.

Japan (Dkr.).
Terebra fulgurata Phil. C. Icon., f. 151.

Tartary Strait (Schrenck).

12 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TEREBRIDJE.

Terebra gotoensis E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 183, pi. 19, f. 1.
Goto Is. (St. John).

Terebra jeffreyii E. A. Smith. Smith, 1. c., p. 184, pi. 19, f. 2.

East of Kii, and between S.-W. Nippon and Shikoku (St. John)

Terebra japonica Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 415.
Matoza Harbor 6 fathoms, sand.

Terebra lischkeana Dkr. Dkr., Index, p. 71, pi. 5, f. 13-16.
Kamakura ; Idzu (Stearns).

Terebra loebbeckiana Dkr. Index, p. 72, pi. 5, f. 17, 18.
Inland Sea (Stearns).

Terebra maculata Linne. Tryon, Man., Vol. VII, p. 9, pi. I, figs. 9-10.
Japan? (Dunker). One specimen found by Stearns.

Terebra muscaria Lamarck. Man. Vol. VII, p. 9, pi. 1, fig. 12.

Japan (Duuker, Stearns); Nagasaki (Lischke, Tryon).

Terebra melanacme Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 415.

CapeShima 18 fathoms, sand.
Terebra pretiosa Rve. C. loon., f. 30a.

Japan (Dkr.)'

Terebra pustulosa Smith. Smith, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 186. T. granulosa Smith, Ann.
Mag., 1873, XI, p. 268.

Japan (A. Ad.).

Terebra (Myurella) polygyrata Deshayes. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 415. Conch.
Icon., XII, sp. 146.

Goza Harbor (St. John); Kamukura; Idzu; Kishiu ; Tokyo
Harbor (Stearns).

Terebra serotina Ads. A Rve. Ads. A Rve., Zool. Samarang, p. 30, pi. 10, f. 20.

Nagasaki (Ad.) ; Kishiu, Idzu (Stearns). In my opinion the T.
mariesi Smith, P. Z. S., 1880, pi. 48, f. 5, is a synonym.

Terebra stearnsii Pilsbry. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1891, p. 472, pi. 19, f. 5.
Japan (Stearns).

Terebra strigillata Linn. Sowb., Thes. I, pi. 45, f. 122.

Nemoto, Boshiu, and Kamakura (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Terebra subtextilis E. A. Smith. Sm., P. Z. S., 1879, p. 185, pi. 19, f. 3.
Idzu and Kishiu ^(Stearns) ; Shikoku (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, CONID^E. 13

Terebra subulata Linn. Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Japan (Stearns).

Terebra tantilla E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 185, pi. 19, f. 4. (-f T. pum-
ilio Sm., Ann. Mag. 1873, xi, p. 269).

Between Nippon and Shikoku (St. John).
Terebra textilis Hinds. Hinds, Voy. Sulphur, p. 34; Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 130.

E. coast of Kii (St. John) ; Southern Japan.

Terebra torquata Adams <fe Reeve. Voy. Samarang, p. 30, pi. 10, f. 13.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; E. of Goto Is. (St. John) ; Japan (Stearns).

Terebra triseriata Gray. Dkr.-, Index, p. 72, pi. 5, f. 19, 20.

Inland Sea (Stearns). Specimen a third larger than that figured
by Dunker.

Several other Terebras have been reported from Japan, but not
confirmed by recent collections. T. blanda Dh. (C. Icon., sp. 117) ;
T. dillwyni Dh. (1. c.,sp. 74) ; T. tristis Dh. (1. c., sp. 102) ; T. sollda
Dh. (1. c., sp. 123).

CONIDJE.

Conus acutangulus Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 165, Taf. 14, figs. 9, 10.

Japan (Kiener).
Conus aureus Hwass. Japan (Stearns).
Conus carinatus Swains. Japan (Stearns).
Conus oatus Brug. Japan (Stearns).
Conus fulgetrum Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 199, Taf. 31, figs. 6-7.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Conus fulmen Reeve. Conch. Icon., sp. 215.

Nagasaki (Lischke ; Rein) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

Conus hebraeus Linn. Japan (A. Ad. j Stearns) j Nagasaki (Lischke).
Conus intermedius Reeve. C. Icon., I, f. 129.

Japan (Dkr.).
Conus lentiginosus Reeve.

Two Japanese specimens collected by Stearns seem in every way
typical. Reeve's figure is from a small example.

Conus lischkeanus Weinkauff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 311, Taf. 56, figs. 2, 3.
Kiushiu (Lischke).

14 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, CONID^.

Conns marmoreus Linn. Nagasaki (Liachke) ; Japan (Stearns).

Conns miles Linn. Tsushima (Stearns).

Conns miliaris Hwass. Japan (Stearns).

Conns orbignyi Audouin. Rve., C. Icon., I, sp. 17 (C. planioostatus Sowb.).

Japan (Dkr.).

Conns panperonlns Sowb. Dkr., Index, p. 94, pi. 2, figs. 4, 5.

Japan (Dkr., Stearns).
Conns pulicarins Hwass.

Yokohama (Dkr.) ; Japan (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Conns queroinns Hwass. Japan (Stearns).
Conns sieboldi Reeve. C. Icon., I, f. 269.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Conns tessellatns Born. C. Icon., f. 163.

Japan (Dkr.).

Conns textile Linne. Nagasaki (Liscbke).
Conns tnlipa Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Conns vexillnm Gmel. Japan (Stearns).

[Conus nebulosus Sol. One specimen of the form with spire flat
except for a conical elevated mucro, was obtained by Mr. Stearns in
Japan ; but is probably to be regarded as an adventitious shell not
belonging to that fauna].

PLEUROTOMIDJE.

Plenrotoma crispa Lamarck. Ooshima, Harbor 8 fatboms (St. John).
Plenrotoma grandis Gray. Conch. Icon., fig. 13.

Japan (Dkr.).
Plenrotoma yedoensis Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 1883, p. 196, pi. 10, fig. 7.

Japan. Is it a synonym of P. grandis?

Plenrotoma marmorata Lam. C. Icon., f. 139 (P. hastula Rve.). Kiener, Coq.
Viv., pi. 6, f. 11. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 186.

Japan (Dkr.) ; betw. Nippon and Shikoku, 30 fms. (St. John).

Plenrotoma variegata Kiener. Coq. Viv., pi. 9, f. 1. Man. Conch., p. 164, pi. 2,
f. 13.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

enrotoma pioturata \
Rve. not Kiener).

Japan (Lischke).

Plenrotoma pictnrata Weinkauff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, pi. 14, f. 13. (P. variegata
Rve. not Kiener).

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, PLEUROTOMIDJE. 15

Fleurotoma unedo Valenciennes. Conchyl. Cab., p. 19, pi. 4, fig. 1.

Nagasaki, Yedo Bay (Lischke) ; Miura, Sagami (Stearns).
Fleurotoma cingulifera Lam. Inland Sea (Stearns).
Pleurotoma indica Desh. E. Coast, S. of Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Fleurotoma tuberoulata Gray. Conchyl. Cab., p. 40, pi. fig. 1, 3. Man. Conch.,
vi, p. 237, pi. 5, f. 66, 67, C. Icon., f. 72.

Bay of Yedo (Dkr.).
Fleurotoma leucotropis Adams and Reeve. A. & R., Zool. Samarang, pi. 10, f. 7.

Sagami, Tokyo (Stearns) ; Matoza and Ooshima Harbors, 6 to 8
fathoms, sandy mud (St. John).

I suppose this is what Dunker (Index, p. 21) calls P. albicarinata
Sowb. (seeP.Z. S.,1870).

Pleurotoma declivis Martens. Conchol. Mittheil., p. 39, pi. 9, f. 2.

Japan, Hakodate (Hilgendorf ).

Fleurotoma patruelis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 188, pi. 19, f. 10, lOa. Ann. Mag.
1875, p. 419.

Gulf of Yedo, 10 J fms. (St. John) ; Japan Sea, lat 34° & N., long.
136° 15' E., 11 fms. (St. John).

Pleurotoma sancti-ioannis Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xv, p. 416.

One hundred miles southeast of Yesso, 48 fms. (St. John).
Pleurotoma triporcata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 188, pi. 19, f. 9.

Goto Is. (St. John).
Pleurotoma difficilis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 187, pi. 19, f. 8.

Between S.-W. extremity Nippon and I. Shikoku, north of Kiu-
shiu (St. John).
Pleurotoma vertebrata Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 416, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 186, pi.

19, f. 6a.

Matoza Harbor, 6 fathoms, sand (St. John), and same localities as
last species.

Pleurotoma tuberosa Smith. Ann. Mag., N. H., (4), xv, p. 418.

Ooshima Harbor, 8 fms. ; Matoza Harbor, 6 fms. ; Goza Harbor,
6 fms. (St. John).
Pleurotoma niponica Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 187, pi. 19, f. 7.

Between S.-W. extremity Nippon and I. Shikoku (St. John).
Pleurotoma (Gemmula) fusca Homb. & Jac.q. Voy. au Pole Sud, Zool., v, p. Ill,

pi. 25, f. 19, 20 ; Man. Conch., p. 173.

Goto Is., between S.-W. extremity Nippon and I. Shikoku, 30 fms.
(St. John). Tryon believes the Japanese specimens referable to
gemmata Hinds.

16 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PLEUROTOMID^E.

Pleurotoma? kamakurana n. sp. PI. 2, fig. 15, 16.

Shell fusiform, much elongated, the canal nearly as long as the
spire ; dull brown, with an ill-defined light band around the middle ;
spire attenuated, the whorls very convex, almost angular, concave
above and nearly smooth, appressed at the suture. Sculptured with
numerous short vertical folds which do not extend on the body
whorl below the level of the upper angle of mouth, and become
obsolete on its latter half; and numerous subequal, crowded spiral
cords throughout. Aperture nearly half the length of shell, long-
elliptical above, passing into a long, open, straight canal below.
Anal sinus wide and rather shallow ; outer lip gently arched for-
ward. Alt. 53, diam. 15 mill.

Kamakura (Stearns, 2 specimens).
Genotia Luhdorfi Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, pi. 1, f. 2-4.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).

Genotia engonia Wat»on. Challenger, Gastrop., 1873-6, XV, p. 300, pi. xx, fig. 7.

Enoshima, 345 fathoms, green mud.

Columbarium pagoda Lesson. Man. Conch., vi, p. 175. Dkr., Index, pi. 1, f. 8,
9, 10.

Japan.
Drillia candens Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 192, pi. 19, f. 17.

Goto Is. (St. John).
Drillia chocolata Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xv, p. 417.

Goza Harbor, 6 fms. (St. John).
Drillia consimilia Smith. P. Z. 8., 1879, p. 188, pi. 19, f. 11.

South of Korea, 24 fms. (St. John).
Drillia erosa Schrenck. Amurl. Moll., p. 405, pi. 17, f. 5-7.

Bay of Castries (Schrenck) ; Nemoro, E. Yesso ; off Cape Blunt;
Yamada Harbor ; E. of Yesso ; 3-35 fms. (St. John).

Drillia flavidula Lamarck. Conchyl.-Cab., p. 45, pi. 10, fig. 1 to 5. Ann. Mag.,
1875, p. 417.

North of Nippon in 43 fathoms, sand and mud ; W. of Nippon,
3 fathoms soft mud ; Goza Harbor, 6 fath. (St. John) ; Nagasaki
(Lischke).
Drillia flavonodulosa Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 194, pi. 19, f. 21.

Inland Sea, between Shikoku and Nippon (St. John).
Drillia fortilirata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 194, pi. 19, f. 22.

E. of Goto Is., and Nippon and Shikoku (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PLEUROTOMID^E. 17

Drillia graoilenta Reeve. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 195, pi. 19, f. 24 ; Reeve, C. Icon.,
f. 114 (plus P. contracta Rve., f. 116, and P. fusoides Rve. f. 349).

E. coast of Kii, S. of Nippon (St. John) ; Karaakura and Tokyo
Harbor (Stearns).
Drillia humilis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 193, pi. 19, f. 20.

Ojika Bay, Goto Is., 10 fms. (St. John).
Drillia principalis n. sp. PI. 2, f. 17.

Shell resembling D.jeffreysii Smith, but decidedly more attenua-
ted. Whorls about 13, angular convex, concave above, buff, finely
mottled all over with reddish-brown, purplish on the spire, especially
between the folds. Sculptured with oblique longitudinal folds (11
on penult, whorl) which stop abruptly at the shoulder and grad-
ually decrease below ; spirals rather spaced, coarse and unequal,
alternating in size, absent on the concave upper surface of the
whorls; the surface between lirse and over the concave analfasciole
finely spirally striate. Aperture sub-rhombic, narrowed below,
slightly over one-third the shell's length ; canal a little recurved.
Anal sinus very deep, straight ; outer lip arched forward, with a
distinct sub-basal sinus. Columella moderately calloused and nearly
straight below, bearing a callous tubercle above.

Alt. 53, diam. 18 mm.

Alt. 36, diam. 11 mm.

D- jeffreysii, while allied to this, is far broader if specimens of the
same size be compared. D. latisinuata Smith has a wider, squarer
anal sinus, with flaring posterior lobe of the outer lip. The shape
of the sinus itself is different in D. lanceolata (Rve.) Martens. In
some specimens the spiral lirse are much wider, flattened, and the
folds more numerous. Inland Sea (Stearns).
Drillia inconstans Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, (4), xv, p. 417.

Ooshima Harbor, 8 fms. ; Tsushima Strait, 9 fms. ; Matoza Har-
bor, 6 fms. (St. John).
Drillia intermaculata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, pi. 19, f. 19.

South of Corea.
Drillia interrupta Lam. C. Icon., f. 51.

Deshima (Dkr.).
Drillia japonica Lischke. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 191, pi. 19, f. 15.

Boshiu, Kamakura, Tokyo Harbor, coast of Prov. Kii (Stearns) ;
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; north of Kiushiu, 33° 56' N. lat., 130° 27' E.
long. (Smith). 2

18 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PLEUROTOMID^E.

Drillia Jeffreys!! Smith. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xv, p. 417, 1875.

Goza Harbor, 3-43 fms. (St. John).
Drillia lanceolata Rve. Conch. Mittheil., I, p. 38, pi. 8, f. 4.

Hakodate (Hilgendorf.).
Drillia longispira Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 190, pi. 19, f. 14.

East of Goto Is. (St. John).

Drillia 1 tokyoensis n. sp. pi. 2, f. 5.

Shell fusiform, elongated, slender, dark chestnut-brown through-
out. Whorls 6, slightly convex, separated by narrowly impressed
sutures, the earlier 2 whorls smooth, the remainder strongly latticed.
Spirals 15 on body-whorl, strong, equal and continuous ; longitudi-
nal ribs 22 on last whorl, about as high as the spiral cords, but
wider and more rounded, disappearing on the very short canal.
Penultimate whorl with 6 spiral cords. Aperture three-sevenths the
total alt. of shell. Outer lip thickened by a rounded varix, within
crenulated by short lirae ; the anal notch deep, narrow and rounded,
separated from suture by a heavy callus. Canal short and straight.

Alt. 7, diam.2s mm.

Kamakura ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Drillia nagasakiensis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 190, pi. 19, f. 13.

West of Nagasaki, 40-58 fins. (St. John)'.

Drillia obliquata Rre. C. loon., f. 262.

Between Nippon and Shikoku (St. John).
Drillia peradmirabilis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 189, pi. 19, f. 12.

Goto Is. and South of Corea (St. John).
Drillia rarioostata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 192, pi. 19, f. 18.

W. of Nagasaki (St. John).
Drillia reoiproca Gld. Otia Conch., p. 133.

Ooshima (Stimpson).
Drillia sinensis Hinds. C. Icon., f. 153.

Japan (Dkr.).

Drillia subauriformis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 195, pi. 19, f. 23 ; Dkr., Index, p.
24,pl. 4, f. 5-7.

Tokyo Harbor and Kamakura (Stearns) ; between Nippon and
Shikoku (St. John).

Drillia subobliquata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 191, pi. 19, f. 16.
East of Goto Is. (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PLEUROTOMID^E. 19

Drillia texta Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 2, pi. 1, f. 19.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Drillia vidua Reeve. C. Icon., f. 192.

Japan (Dkr.).
Drillia (Crassispira) striata Kiener. C. Icon., f. 144.

Bay of Castries (Nordmann).
Oligotoma makimonos Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 1883, p. 198, pi. 10, fig. 4.

Japan (Jouss.); neighborhood of Gulf of Yedo (Stearns).
Bela iessoensis Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 419.

S.-E. of Yedo, lat. 42° 58' K, long. 104° 24' E., 43 fath., sand
and mud. (St. John).

Bela (Typhlomangilia) pyrrha Watson. Challenger Gastrop. 1873-6, XV, p. 316,
(pi. XXV, f, 6).

Kobe and Yokohama, 50 fathoms, sand (Challenger).
Lachesis japonica A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 198, pi. 20, f. 29.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fins. (Ad.) ; E. of Goto Is., 58 fins. (St. John).
Clavatula virginea Val. C. Icon., i, f. 32 (Pleurotoma).

Hakodate (Lindholm).

Surcula javana Linne. Man. Conch., vi, p. 237 (syn. P. nodifera Lam., lurida Ads.
& Rve., Zool. Samarang, pi. Id, f. 5).

Surcula coreanica Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 10, f. 8.

Corea (Adams).
Surcula kaderleyi Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, pi. 1, f. 1.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Enoshima (Stearns).
Mangilia costulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., pi. 1, f. 20.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Mangilia deshayesii Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 3, pi. 1, f. 3.

Deshima.
Mangilia filicincta E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 216.

Japan (A. Adams).
Mangilia lischkei E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1888 (6), II, p. 312.

Japan (Brit. Mus.).

Mangilia modica E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 213.

Japan (?).
Mangilia pygmaea Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 2, pi. 1, f. 8.

Deshima.

20 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PLEUROTOMID^E.

Mangilia robusticostata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 198, pi. 19, f. 28.

Japan.
Mangilia splendida A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 309, pi. 19, f. 24.

Goto Is. (Ad.).

Citharopsis oanoellata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. 1865, p. 323.

Mino-Shiiua (Ad.)
Glyphostoma obtusioostata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 304.

(?) Japan, probably.
Clathurella crassilabrum Rve. C. Icon., f. 118.

Hakodate (Albrecht).
Clathurella filosa Gld. Otia Conob., p. 134.

Ooshima (Stimpson).
Clathurella gracilispira Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 196, pi. 19, f. 25 (Defrancia).

North of Kiushiu (St. John).
Clathurella leuckarti Dkr. Moll. Jap.; p. 2, pi. 1, f. 1.

Deshiraa (Dkr.); Tokyo Harbor and Kamakura (Stearns).
Clathurella perinsignis E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1884, XIV, p. 322.

Japan (?).
Clathurella ootangulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 1, pi. 1, f. 8.

Deshiraa (Dkr.) ; north shore of Tango (Gaines, in Stearns coll.).
Bunker's figures are not nearly so angular at the shoulder as these
specimens.
Clathurella asperulata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 296-7.

Japan (A. Adams).
Clathurella piperata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 298.

Straits of Corea (A. Adams).

Clathurella rubro-apicata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. J96.
Japan (?).

Clathurella japonica Melvill. Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond., I, p. 227, pi. 14,
f. 11.

Japan (Melv.).

Clathurella 1 gainesii n. sp. PI. 2, f. 4.

Shell elongated, turrited, corneous-brown, the interstices of the
latticed sculpture dark brown. Whorls 7, very convex, separated
by deep sutures ; the earlier portion of spire attenuated. Sculpture
consisting of strong, broadly rounded longitudinal folds (12 on last

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CANCELLARIID^J. 21

whorl, becoming obsolete on the base) crossed by narrow but strong
spiral cords separated by intervals greater than their width, contin-
uous over the longitudinal folds but stronger between them, in num-
ber 14 on last whorl, 4 on penultimate whorl. Aperture contained
2£ times in length of shell ; outer lip thick, narrowly varixed out-
side, having several rather strong teeth within ; anal notch deeper
than wide, oblique, separated from suture by a thin callus only.
Anterior canal very short. Alt. 6£, diam. 2f mm.

Kamakura (Stearns) ; north shore of Tango (Gaines).

This species is named in honor of Mr. W. R. Gaines, formerly of
Kyoto, who received numerous marine shells from the north shore
of Tango, collected by his students. It has a slight resemblance to
D. subauriformis Smith and D. texta Dkr.
Clathurella reticulosa E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag. 1882, X, p. 297.

Japan (A. Adams).
Daphnella 1 arota E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1884, XIV, p. 325.

Japan and Persian Gulf (Smith).
Daphnella fragilis Reeve. C. Icon., f. 179.

Japan (Smith).

Daphnella fuscobalteata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 196, pi. 19, f. 26 (" fuscolineata "
Dkr., Index, p. 25).

Betw. Nippon and Shikoku (St. John).
Daphnella saturata Reeve. C. Icon., I, f. 213; P. Z. S., 1879, p. 197.

North of Kiushiu (St. John).
Daphnella suhzonata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 197, pi. 19, f. 27.

North of Kiushiu (St. John).
Daphnella supercostata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 201.

Japan (A. Adams).
Taranis 1 turritispira E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1882, X, p. 306.

Japan (Smith),
Mitromorpha lirata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. 1865, p. 322.

Simonosaki ; Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Zafra mitraeformis A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., Nov., 1860, p. 332.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

CANCELLAEIIDJE.

€ancellaria spengleriana Deshayes. Challenger Gastrop., 1873-6, XV, p. 273 ;
Ann. Mag., 1875, 425 ; Tryon, Man., Vol. VII, p. 67, pi. 1, f. 2, 3.

Shimidzu, Akasi, Mososeki (A. Ad., Ann. Mag., 1868, p. 368) ;
Kobe, 8 fathoms, mud (Chall.) ; Lat. 35° 7' N., long. 136° 55' E.,

22 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, CANCELLARIID^E.

3 fath., soft mud (St. John) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea, etc.
(Stearns).

Cancellaria asperella Lam. var. reeveana Crosse (=elegans Sowb. not Deeh.). Rv.,
C. Icon., X, pi. 3, f. 12.

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Inland Sea (Dkr.) ; Kiusiu and Tokyo
(Lischke) ; Seto-Uchi ; Torno (Ad.).

Cancellaria bocageana Crosse <t Debeaux. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 41, pi. 2, f. 12,
13, 14.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Cancellaria nodulifera Sowb. Dkr., Index, pi. 6, f. 24, 25. Conchyl. Cab., pi. 8,
f. 1, 2.

Yokohama Bay (Stearns) ; Kino-o-Sima ; Shiraidzu (A. Ad.).
Cancellaria semipellucida Ad. A Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 42, pi. 10, f. 3, 3a.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).
Cancellaria macrospira Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 41, pi. 10, f. 2.

Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Cancellaria fischeri A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. II., 1868, p. 368.

Mino Shima (Ad.).
Admete viridula Fabric. Man. Conch., VII, p. 84.

Aniwa Bay, 17 fms. (Ad.); Castle Point, Manchuria.

Admete arctica Midd. Mai. Rossica,pl. 9, f. 12. A. borealis Ad., Ann. Mag., Nov.,
1868, p. 369.

Aniwa Bay (Ad.).
Admete japonica Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 216, pi. 20, f. 54.

Corea Strait (St. John).
Admete ovata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 426.

Lat. 42° 52' N., Long. 144° 40' E., 48 fathoms (St. John).

Admete globularia E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 426.

Lat. 42° 52' N., Long. 144° 40' E., 48 fath., sandy bottom (St.
John).

Admete cancellata Kobelt. Conchyl. Cab., p. 105, pi. 24, fig. 14.
Japan.

(Rhachiglossd).

OLIVIDJE.

Oliva sanguinolenta Lamarck. Man. Conch., V, p. 79.
Japan (Rein).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, OLIVID^E. 23

Oliva ispidula Linne. Thes. Conch., IV, f. 240-254.

Japan.
Oliva mustelina Lamk. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 426 ; C. Icon., f. 23.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Oliva rufopiota Weinkauff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 88, pi. 23, f. 11, 12.

Japan (Loebecke).

Oliva paxillus Reeve. Japan.

Oliva elegans Lam. Thes. Conch., f. 158-160.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Oliva irisans Lain. Thes. Conch., f. 123.

Japan (Dkr.) ; Inland Sea (Stearns ; with var. erythrostoma).
Oliva carneola Lam. Thes., f. 233-235.

Japan (Dkr.).
Oliva tessellata Lam. Thes., f. 222-224.

Japan (Dkr.).

Oliva picta Rve. C. Icon., f. 79.

Japan.

Olivella jaspidea Gmel. Japan (Dkr.).
Olivella anazora Duclos. Thes., f. 419.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Castries Bay (Nordmann).
Olivella tergina Duclos. Duel., Olira, pi. 2, f. 13-16.

Northern Japan (Schrenck).
Olivella zanoeta Duclos. Thes., f. 404.

Japan (Dkr.).

Several of the Olivellas named above are probably admitted to
the Japanese fauna on insufficient evidence or incorrect identifica-
tion. Schrenck gives 0. gracilis B. & S. and 0. dama, from the Bay of
Castries, both probably incorrect. The following are unquestiona-
bly Japanese.

Olivella fulgurata Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 31, pi. 10, f. 12 ; Smith, Ann.
Mag., 1875, p. 426; -|-0. consobrina Lischke, J. M. C., II, p. 62, pi. 5, f. 10, 11.

Yamada Harb., 7 fath., sand (St. John) ; Tokyo Harbor ; Kama-
kura (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; N. coast of Tango (Gaines).

Olivella fortunei (Ad.) Marratt. PI. II, fig. 11.
Thes. Conch., IV, pi. 350, f. 422, 423.

Marratt's figures but poorly represent the magnificent specimens
procured by Mr. Stearns. The large dark form shown in the fig-
ure may be called var. japonica Stearns.

24 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, VOLUTIDJE.

Olivella signata Lischke. J. M. C., p. 44, pi. 2, f. 26, 27.

Yedo (Lischke).
Olivella spreta Gld. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 216, pi. 20, f. 55.

E. of Goto Is. (St. John).

Olivella fabula Marratt. Thes. Conch., IV, pi. 350, f. 420, 421.

The specimens collected by Mr. Stearns while agreeing perfectly
with typical fabula in the peculiar parietal callus, are somewhat
stouter, less attenuated above and fuller in the body than a speci-
men of fabula before me from Mr. Marratt. The basal callus is white,
or in one shell slightly brownish. Alt. 11*5, diam. 5 mm.

I believe this quite distinct from 0. fulgurata.
Anoilla albo-oallosa Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 44, pi. 2, f. 24, 25.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; East coast Japan above
Inland Sea (Stearns).

Ancilla inornata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 217, pi. 20, f. 56.

Japan. Dunker identifies also A. montrouzieri Souv. a New Cal-
edonian species.

HARPIDJE.
Harpa conoidalis Lam. C. Icon., sp. 7.

Japan (Dunker).
Harpa minor Lam. Japan (Stearns).

MARGINELLIDJE.

Marginella sexplicata Dkr. M. obtusa Sowb., P. Z. S., 1870, p. 254, not in Thes.,
p. 374.

Japan (Dkr.).

VOLUTIDJE.
Voluta megaspira Sowb. Thea., p. 298, f. 31, 32.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Bay of Hakodate (Ad.) ; Inland Sea
(Stearns).

Voluta rupestris Gmel. Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).
Voluta hamillei Crosse. Journ. de Conch., XVIII, p. 97, pi. 1, f. 5 ; pi. 2. f. 1.
Voluta vespertilio Linn. Japan (Dkr.).
Voluta concinna Brod. C. Icon., f. 53.

Japan Sea (Dkr.).
Lyria cassidula Reeve. Dkr., Index, pi. 2, f. 10-13.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kino-o-Shima,
Tsu-Saki and Satanomosaki (A. Ad.) ; N. coast of Prov. Tango
(Gaines, in Stearns coll.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MITRID^E. 25

Lyria nucleus Lam. C. Icon., f. 41.

Tatiyanm and Okiuo-Shima (Ad.).
Volutomitra pusilla Schrenck. Moll. Amurl., p. 445, pi. 17, f. 13-15.

Hakodate (Schrenck).

MITRID-E.

Mitra hanleyana Dkr. Index, p. 51, pi. 2, f. 6, 7. (M. wrighti Cr., J. C,, 1878, pi.

1. f. 1).

Sea of Japan (Dkr.) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Mitra rosacea Rve. C. Icon , f. 321. Japan.
Mitra flammigera Reeve. C. Icon., f. 173.

Japan (Dkr.).

Mitra ferruginea Lam. Nagasaki (Lischke ; Stearns).
Mitra amphorella Lam. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 8. Japan.
Mitra scutulata Chemn. C. Icon., f. 126.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Mitra cruentata Chemn. C. Icon., f. 126. Japan (Dkr.).

Mitra bronni Dkr. Index, pi. 5, f. 5, 6. (M. fuscoapicata Smith, P. Z. S., 1879,
pi. 20, f. 49).

E. of Kii, 48 fms.; Ooshima Harbor (St. John).
Mitra subtruncata Sowb. Thes,, pi. 360, f. 405 ; P. Z. S., 1879, p. 214.

Ooshima Harbor, 8 fms. (St. John).
Mitra secalina Gld. Otia Conch., p. 129.

Ooshima (Stimpson).

Mitra (Costellaria) suluensis Ads. & Rve. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 425; Voy. Sama-
rang, p. 26, pi. 10. f. 27.

Ooshima Harb., 8 fath., sandy mud (St. John).

Mitra (Costellaria) araneosa Lam. Japan (Stearns).

Mitra collinsoni A. Adams. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 218, pi. 20, f. 50.

E. of Goto Is. ; Ooshima ; Matoza Harbor (St. John) ; Kino-o-
Shima (Ad.).

Mitra gotoensis Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 215, pi. 20, f. 51.

Goto Is. (St. John).
Mitra pyramidella A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., Apr., 1862, p. 297.

Satauomosaki (Ad.).
Mitra kraussii Dkr. Index, p. 53, pi. 5, f. 11, 12.

Prov. Kii ; Suruga (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima
(Nuhn) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

26 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, FASCIOLARIID^E.

Mitra eemula Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 215, pi. 20, f. 52.
Goto Is. (St. John).

Mitra inermis Reeve. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 216, pi. 20, f. 53, 53a,

Ojica Bay, Goto Is., 5 fms. (St. John).
Mitra porphyretica Reeve. C. loon., sp. 195.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cylindromitra crenulata Chemn. C. Icon., f. 190a.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

[One specimen of Mitra pontificalia was obtained by Mr. Stearns,
but it was probably imported].

FASCIOLABIIDJE.

Fusus nodosoplicatus Dunker. Lischke, Jap. Meeree-Conch., II, p. 27. pi. 3, f. 6.
Novit Conch., p. 99, pi. 33, f. 3, 4.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Ukushima, Goto Is. (St. John).
Fusus nioobaricus Lam. Rve., C. Icon., IV, f. 37.
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Japan (Stearns).

Fusus perplexus A. Adams. Ad.. Journ. Linn. Soc., 1864, VII, p. 106- (F. incon-
stant Liechke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, pi. 2, f. 1-6 ; II, pi. 3, f. 1-5).

Yedo and Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Sagami Bay (Stearns) ; near
Goto Is., (St. John).

Fusus longioauda Bory. C. Icon., IV, f. 13.

Japan (Dkr.).
Fusus tuberosus Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., IV, f. 7.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Japan and Loo Choo Is. (Stearns).
Fusus nigrirostratus E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 202, pi. 20, f. 34.

South of Corea (St. John).

Fusus japonicus Gray. Zool. Beechey's Voy., p. 115.

Japan Sea.

Fusus spectrum Ads. & Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 41, pi. 7, f. 2.

Nagasaki, Hakodate (Schrenck).
Fusus lacteus Dkr. Index, p. 12, pi. 3, f. 11, 12.

Japan Sea (Loebbecke coll.).
Fusus niponlcus E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 203, pi. 20, f. 12.

South of Nippon, 52 fms. (St. John).

Fusus simplex E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 204, pi. 20, f. 35.

South of Corea, 24 fms. (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, FASCIOLARIIDvE. 27

Fusus coreanious Smith. L. c., p. 204, pi. 20, f. 36.

South of Corea (St. John).
Fusus sieboldi Schepman. Notes Leyd. Mus., XIII, p. 62, pi. 9, fig. 3.

Japan (Siebold).
Fusus graciliformis Sowerby. Thes., IV, pi. 411, fig. 62.

Japan (Sowb.).
Fusus forceps Perry (turricula Kien). Thes., IV, pi. 408, fig. 24.

Japan (Sowb.).
Fusus modestus Gld. Otia Conch., p. 121.

Hakodate, 10 fathoms, shelly sand (Stimpson).
Fasciolaria trapezium Linn.

Inland Sea. The elongated form, var. audouini Jonas, also col-
lected by Stearns. Lischke reports it from Nagasaki.
Fasciolaria filamentosa Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 136, pi. 24. fig. 1.

Hakodate and Takano Shima (Ad.).
Fasciolaria glabra Dkr. Index, p. 48, pi. 12, f. 15, 16.

Japan (Dkr.).
Latirus polygonus Gmel. Rve., Conch., Icon. Turbinella, f. 1.

Tatiyama (Ad.).

Latirus rhodostoma Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 4, t. 1, f. 21.

Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Latirus belcheri Reeve. Reeve, C. Icon. Turbinella, f. 22.

Japan (Stearns).
Latirus nagasakiensis Smith. P. Z. S., 1880, p. 482, pi. 48, f. 7.

Japan (Maries).
Latirus recurvirostris Schub. & Wag. •

A single large fresh specimen collected by Stearns, East Coast.
Lagena smaragdula Linn. Yokohama (Stearns).
Peristernia pulchra Reeve. Kominah, Boshiu (Stearns).

BTJCCINID.E.
Hemifusus ternatanus Gmel.

Yokohama ; Tokyo to Kii coast (Stearns). Several fresh speci-
mens with opercula.

Hemifusus tuba Gmelin. Conchyl. Cab., p. 41, pi. 7, f. 1, 2.

Nagasaki (Schrenck, A. Ad., Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Hako-
date, Tatiyama, Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).

28 JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, BUCCINID^E.

Thatcheria mirabilis Angas. P. Z. S., 1877, pi. 54, f. 1.
Japan (Thatcher).

Chrysodomus arthritious (Val.) Bernard!. Bern., Journ. de Conchyl., 1857, p. 386
pi. 12, f. 3, 3a.

Hakodate (Bernard! ; Stearns).

The specimens are smaller than Bern ardi's figure, but undoubtedly
the same. When not corroded the color is dark brown.
Neptunea oumingi Crosse. J. de C., 1862, p. 51, pi. 5, f. 12.

Bay of Talienwhan (Cunring).

Very closely allied to C. arthriticus, of which it is probably a
variety.

Chrysodomus bulbaceus (Val.) Bernardi. Journ. de Conch., 1858, p. 183, pi. 7. f. 1.

Gulf of Tartary (Bern.).

The next species is very closely allied to this.
Chrysodomus luridus A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 14, pi. 3, f. 3, 4.

Aniwa Bay ; Cape Tofuts (Ad).
Chrysodomus antiquus var. despectus Linn.'. Conchyl. Cab., p. 56, pi. 27, f. 1-5.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Both antiquus and despectus have been credited to northern Japan.
We have not seen Japanese specimens.

Chrysodomus plicatus A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 14, pi. 3, f. 1, 2; Kob., Conch. Cab.,
pi. 12, f. 4, 5.

Aniwa Bay (Ad.).
Chrysodomus (1) manchuricus E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 422.

Lat. 42° 58' N., long. 145° 24' E., 48 fath., sand and mud (St.
John).

Chrysodomus pericochlion Schrenck. Conchyl. Cab., p. 131, pi. 43, f. 4, 5.

Hakodate (Albrecht).
Siphonalia signum Reeve. C. Icon., Ill, f. 6; Dkr., Index, p. 15, pi. 3, f. 9, 10.

South Japan (Rein) ; Ooshima, Hakodate (A. Ad.).

Siphonalia hinnulus Ad. & Rve. A. A R., Zool. Samarang, p. 32, pi. 7, f. 10; Dkr.,
Index, p. 16.

Tsu-Saki, 35 fins. ; Tatiyama (A. Ad.).

Siphonalia cassidariaeformis Reeve. Rve., C. loon. Buccinum, f. 11 ; Lischke.
J. M. C., I, pi. 4, f. 1, 2, 6-10.

Enoshima (Stearns); Nagasaki (Lischke) ; W. coast Japan, and
Hakodate (Stimp.) ; O-Shima and Simoda (A. Ad.) ; Goto Is. (St.
John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, BUCCINID^E. 29

Lischke's figures represent the principal variations of this species,
of which Mr. Stearns procured a large number of specimens.

Siphonalia cassidariaeformis var. ornata A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 16 ; Lischke, J.
M. C., I, pi. 4, f. 3, 4, 5.

S.-E. coast Kii, Inland Sea (Stearns).

Siphonalia cassidariaeformis var. concinna A. Ad. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), XI,
p. 204, 1863; Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. .

Kuro-Shima (A. Ad.).
Siphonalia cassidariseformis var. funerea Pils. PI. II, f. 7, 8.

Satsuma (Stearns).

Shell like the type except that the nodules are reduced to short
oblique waves somewhat as in Buccinum undatum, and the color
outside is uniform chocolate-brown. Interior strongly lirate, dark
brown with a pearly lustre.

This seems distinct from any of A. Adams' species.

Siphonalia fusoides Reeve. Conch. Icon., Buccinum, pi. 2, f. 9 ; Conchyl. Cab., p.
88, pi. 23, f. 6-7.

Tokyo Bay (Lischke) ; Satanomosaki and Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.);
S.-E. coast Kii (Stearns).

A species resembling S. cassidariatformis but slenderer, with less
prominent nodules.

Siphonalia spadicea Reeve. Buccinum fusoides Rve., C. Icon., pi. 9, f. 64, not pi. 2,
f. 9 j B. spadicea Rve., errata j Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 205, pi. 20, f. 38.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.) ; Port Hamilton, 10 fms. ; S. of Nip-
pon, 34° 12' N. lat., 136° 28' E. long. ; S. of Corea, 34° 19' N. lat,
124° 57' E. long., 12 fms. (Smith).

Siphonalia fusoolineata Pease. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 189, pi. 51, f. 3; Pilsbry, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1891, p. 473, pi. 19, f. 4.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

The specimens vary much in color, some being decorated with
brown spiral lines, others streaked and maculated with chestnut. It
is allied to S. fusoides Rv., but the spire is much longer. The
canal is more recurved than in S. spadicea Rve., which is otherwise
quite similar.

Siphonalia aestuosa Gould. Gld., Otia, p. 123 (Neptunea).

Kagoshima (N. P. E. E.).
Siphonalia Stearnsii Pilsbry. PI. II, f. 1, 2.

Shell fusiform, solid, brownish ; spire conical, shorter than the
aperture, consisting of 8 convex whorls, which are finely spirally

30 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, BUCCINID^E.

lirate, and closely and strongly plicate ; plicae becoming partly or
wholly obsolete on the body-whorl, which is very indistinctly or not
at all shouldered, and runs upward somewhat toward the aperture,
causing a narrow, small posterior channel. Aperture shaped as in
S. fuscolineata Pse. but wider, the inner lip smooth, its edge raised
and free ; outer lip with a wide yellow internal border, inside of
which it is thick, lirate and white. Anterior canal strongly re-
curved, short. Alt. 46, diam. 25 mm. Oblique alt. of aperture
29 mm.

Allied to S. longirostris Dkr., but less elongated, with more
strongly plicate spire and different aperture. I cannot see that any
of A. Adams' un figured species agree with the specimens before me.
The spire is longer and more plicated than in S. fusoides Reeve, and
the canal more recurved.
Siphonalia longirostris Dkr. Index, p. 16, pi. 1, f. 13, 14.

Sea of Japan (Dkr.).
Siphonalia troohulus Reeve. C. Icon., (Buccinum), f. 7.

O-Shima (Ad.).
Siphonalia modiflcata Reeve. C. Icon., f. 67.

Kuru-Shima, 56 fms. ; Fatsijeu, 29 fms. (Ad).
Siphonalia commoda A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xi, 1863, p. 203.

Tsaulian (Ad.).

Siphonalia corrugata A. Ad. /- <-., p. 204. Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).
Siphonalia oonspersa A. Ad. 1. o.. p. 204. Japan (Cuming coll.).
Siphonalia filosa A. Ad. 1. c., p. 205. China Sea (Ad.).
Siphonalia ligata A. Ad. 1. c., p. 205. Japan (Cuming coll.).
Siphonalia grisea A. Ad. Simidzu (Ad. ; 1. c., p. 205).
Siphonalia colas A. Ad. Mino-Shima, 63 fathoms (Adams, 1. c., p. 205).
Siphonalia aouminata A. Ad. Goto, 4-8 fathoms, (Adams, 1. c., p. 206).
Siphonalia pyramis A. Ad. Satanomosaki, 55 fathoms (Adams, 1. c., p. 206).
Siphonalia muoida A. Ad. Kuro-Shima, 35 fathoms (Adams, 1. c., p. 206).
Siphonalia nodulosa A. Ad. Mino-Shima, 63 fathoms (Adams, I. c., p. 206).
Siphonalia (Kellettia) kelleti Forbes. Lischke, J. M.-C. pi. 3, f. 3, 4.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; South-east coast Ise. (Stearns).
Siphonalia hyperodon n. sp. PI. II, f. 6.

General contour of the shell as usual, the spire elongated, base much
contracted, canal strongly recurved. Color dirty buff, with some

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, BUCCINID7E. 31

scattered maculae of brown, especially below sutures, and sometimes
ill-defined girdles. Whorls 9, the earlier two smooth, glossy, con-
vex ; the following five very convex, separated by deep sutures,
sculptured with strong rounded longitudinal folds as wide as their
intervals, about 11 to a whorl, these crossed by strong spiral cords
separated by flat interspaces, about 6 on each whorl, becoming lower
and more numerous below, wholly obsolete or nearly so on the latter
two whorls of the ehell. The lower 3 whorls are strongly angular at
the shoulder, and on the last whorl the longitudinal folds are repre-
sented by strong, pointed tubercles on the angle, which number 10-
12 on last whorl, the latter fifth of which is free from them. Aper-
ture nearly half the length of shell, livid within, the upper angle
narrowly sinused as in Cantharus, basal canal strongly recurved.
Outer lip thickened outside by a low, wide varix, submargined by
short, close plicse within ; inner lip moderately calloused, bearing
near its posterior termination a very strong, rounded nodule. Um-
bilicus open; siphonal fasciole defined above by a free laminar
edge.

Alt. 51, diam. 26 mm.

Alt. 43, diam. 21 mm.

Japan (Stearns, 3 specimens).

Distinguished from other species by the strong nodule on the
inner lip near the posterior angle of aperture, defining a channel
there. Although I have an impression that somewhere I have seen
a specimen or figure of this species, I cannot now find that anything
much like it has been described. A quite young specimen would
probably resemble somewhat Euthria fuscolabiata E. A. Smith.
Buccinum lischkeanum Loebbecke. Conchyl. Cab., p. 35, pi. 80, f. 5, 6.

North Japan.

Buooinum schantaricum Midd. Sib. Reise, p. 233, pi. 10, f. 4-6.
Buccinum middendorffi Verkruzen. Kob., Conchyl. Cab., p. 76, pi. 89, f. 2.
Sachalin Is.

Buccinum simplex Midd. Kob., C. Cab., p. 77, pi. 89, f, 4, 5.
Buccinum verkruzeni Kobelt. Conchyl. Cab., p. 80, pi. 90, f. 1, 2.

Sachalin Is.
Buccinum schrenkii Verkruzen. Conchyl. Cab., p. 81, pi. 90, f. 3.

Sachalin ; N. of Gulf of Geduld.
Buccinum mirandum Smith. Conchyl. Cab., p, 92, pi. 92, f. 4.

E. ofYedo, 11 fathoms.

32 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, BUCCINIDJE.

Buccinum japonicum A. Adams. Conchyl. Cab., p. 91, pi. 92, f. 2.

Japan ; Okosiri (Adams).
Buccinum jeflfreysii Smith. Conchyl. Cab., p. 91, pi. 92, f. 10.

Japan, lat. 42° 58' N., long. 145° 24' E., 48 fath., sand and stone.

Buccinum leucostoma Lischke. Liichke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 38, pi. 1, f. 7, 8.

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Buccinum morohianum Fischer. ( Volutharpa) Kob., C. Cab., p. 90, pi. 92, f. 8, 9.

Northern Japan.

Volutharpa perryi Jay. Conchyl. Cab., p. 95, pi. 93, f. 5, 6; pi. 92, f. 5. ( Volu-
tharpa paulucciana Tap.-Can, Journ. de Conch., 1882, p. 24, pi. 2, f. 3, 4).

Bay of Yedo (Perry, Stearns).

Volutharpa ampullacea Midd. Midd., Reise, Oat. Siber., II, p. 237, pi. 8, f. 3, 4 ;
pi. 17, f. 1-3.

Bays of Aniwa and Hakodate, and northward (Midd., Ad., Al-
brecht, et al.) ; Lat. 41° 12' N., Long. 140° 45' E., 43 fath., sand
and mud (St. John).
Volutharpa fisoheriana A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1870, V, p. 442.

Strait of Corea (Ad.),
Volutharpa limneeana A. Ad. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, VI, p. 109.

Japan.
Volutharpa salmiana Rolle. Nachrbl., 1892, p. 52.

Japan.
Cominella fucata A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. Ill, 1862. p. 107.

Japan (Cuming Coll.).

Cominella lineolata Dkr. (=dunktri Kiister). Conchyl. Cab., 2d edit., p. 86, pi.
15, f. 9-11.

Hakodate (Schrenck, Dkr.). Described from the Cape of Good
Hope, but Dunker believes the Japanese shells to be the same.
Cyllene pulchella Ads. A Rve. Zool. Samarang. pi. 10, f. 11.

Satanomosaki (Ad.).
Cyllene orientalis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1850, p. 205.

Goto Is. (Ad.).

Cyllene glabrata A. Ad. Satano-Mosaki (Ad., I. C., p. 206).
Cyllene fuscata A. Ad. Kuro-Shima (A. Ad., I c-, p. 205; Thes., f. 16-18).
Cyllene gibba A. Ad. Oki-no-Shima (A. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1870, p. 427).
Tritonidea undosa Linne. Yokohama (Stearns).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, BUCCINID^. 33

Tritonidea undulata Schepman. Notes Leyd. Mus., XIII, p. 155, pi. 9, f. 1.

Japan (Siebold) ; N. shore of Tango (Gaines) ; Konimah, Boshiu
(Stearns).

Some clear yellow specimens without brown lines were collected
by Stearns.
Tritonidea protea Reeve. C. Icon., Bucdnum, f. 51.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).
Tritonidea lignea Rve. C. Icon., Buccinum, f. 57.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Seto-uchi (A. Ad.).
Tritonidea (Cantharus) cumingiana Dkr. Index, p. 18 (Syn. : Bucdnum lig~

neum Rve., C. Icon., f. 57).

Seto-uchi (Ad.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) balteatus Reeve. (C. Icon., Bucc., f. 59),
is a variety of this according to Dunker. Tryon makes both
synomyms of Cantharus ceeillei Phil. Tateyama (Ad.).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) contracta Reeve. C. Icon., f. 53 ; Lischke, J. M. C., II,
p. 50.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) menkeana Dkr. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 7, pi. 1, f. 7.
Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) subruhiginosa E. A. Smith. Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 206,
pi. 20, f. 40.

Ukushima, Goto Is., among rocks at low water (St. John).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) marmorata Reeve. C. Icon., Ill, Bucdnum, f. 95 ; Schr.,
Amurl. Moll., p. 427.

Hakodate (Lindholm).
Tritonidea (Cantharus) erythrostoma Reeve. Rve., C. Icon., f. 14.

Ooshima (Ad.).

Tritonidea (Cantharus) oapensis Dkr. Japan (Dkr.).
Pisania cingulata Reeve. Reeve, Conch. Icon., Bucdnum, f. 75.

Luchu Is.
Pisania mollis Gould. Gld., Otia, p. 124.

Simoda (Stimpson).

Euthria ferrea Reeve, (viridula Dkr., Index, p. 19, pi. 3, f. 5-8 ; J. M. C., I, p.

39, pi. 5, f. 5, 6.)

Japan, Lat. 41° 12' N., Long. 140° 45' E., 43 fms. ; Satsuma Bay.
S. Kiu-Shiu and Goto Is .(St. John) ; many specimens collected by
Stearns, at Enoshima ; Tsu-Shima, OShima and Nagasaki (Ad.),
3

34 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, NASSID^E.

Euthria fuscolabiata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 422.

Off Cape Blunt, Lat. 41° 41' N., Long. 141° E., 35 fins., (St.
John).

Euthria lirata A. Adams. Conchyl. Cab., p. 233.

Tsusaki (Adams).
Euthria badia A. Adams. Conchyl. Cab., p. 233.

Tsu-Shima (Adams).
Phos senticosus Linne. Japan (Dkr.).
Phos varicosus Old. Expl. Exped., f. 360.

Japan (Dkr.).

Phos angulatus Sowb. Thes., iii, p. 89, pi. 221, f. 7; Challenger Gastrop., XV, p.
222.

Japan (Siebold).

Nassaria ( Hindsia) magnifica Lisohke. Jap. Meerea-Conchyl., II, p. 38, pi. 4, f.
11, 12 ; III, pi. 1, f. 5, 6. Dkr., Index, p. 38.

Sagama (Stearns) ; Kiusiu (Lischke).

Eburna japonioa Sowb. Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lisohke) ; Sado, Tokyo Har-
bor, Kamakura (Stearns) ; Tsu-Saki, Tatiyana, Simoda (Ad.) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

Eburna formosae Sowb. Thes., Ill, pi. 291, f. 17, 18.

Formosa.

NASSIDJE.

Nassa balteata Lischke. X. balteata Lischke not Pse., see J. M. C.. II, p. 51 ;
N. japonica Lischke not A. Ad., Jap. M. C., 1, p. 61, pi. 5, f. 10, 11 ; (N. muta-
Ulis A. Ad. ? Ann. Mag., 1870, p. 425).

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Nassa sufflata Old. Otia Conch., p. 127.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Nassa ooronata Lam. C. Icon., f. 20.

Japan (Stearns).
Nassa (Aleotrion) glans Linn6. C. Icon., f . 5 ; P. Z. S., 1879, p. 210.

W. of Goto Is. (St. John).

Nassa (Aleotrion) suturalis Lam. Yokohama (Stearns, purchased).
Nassa (Aleotrion) papillosa L. Yokohoma (Stearns, purchased).
Nassa (Aroularia) thersites Brug. Japan (Dkr.).

Nassa (Aroularia) gracilis Pease. Am. Journ. Conch.. Ill, p. 273, pi. 23, f. 4.
Lischke, J. M. C., II, p. 52, pi. 4, f. 4-6.

Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Birileff ).

JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, NAS8ID^. 35

Nassa (Arcularia) leptospira A. Ad.

Nassa (Niotha) gemmulata Lam. C. Icon., f. 29 ; Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 422.

Kii Coast (Stearns) ; Goza Harb., 6 fath. (St. John) ; Bay of
Yedo (Lischke) ; Kagoshima (Stimp.).

Specimens of extraordinary size collected by Mr. Stearns.

Nassa (Niotha) gemmulifera A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1870, p. 425 j C. Icon., f.
132.

Seto-Uchi ; Akasi ; Kino-Oshima (Ad.). Near N. albescem Dkr.

Nassa (Niotha) stigmaria A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 423, C. Icon. f. 42 j Syn.
N. densigranata Rve., C. Icon., f. 181.

Ooshima Harbor, 8, fins. ; E. of Goto Is. (St. John).
Nassa (Niotha) cumingii A. Ad. C. Icon., f. 30.

Takano-Shima, Tatiyama (Ad.).
Nassa (Niotha) marginulata Laink. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 422, C. Icon., f. 43.

Ooshima Harb., 8 fath., and a variety from Yamada Harb. (St.
John) ; Satanomosaki (Ad.).
Nassa (Niotha) caelata A. Ad» C. Icon., sp. 133.

Moso-Seki ; Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Nassa (Niotha) livesoens Phil. Lischke, J. M. C., II, p. 52, pi. 4, f. 1-3.

Tokyo Harbor ; Kiushiu (Stearns) ; Nagasaki and Deshima
(Lischke).

Is not the N. keineri Dh. (Tryon, Man. Conch., IV, p. 53) syno-
nymous with this? The large number of specimens obtained by
Mr. Stearns fully connect the forms.
Nassa (Niotha) albescens Dkr. Phil., Abbild., p. 68, pi. 2, f. 15 (Buccinum).

Deshima (Dkr.).
Nassa (Hehra) muricata Q. & G. Astrol., pi. 32, f. 32, 33.

Okino-Shima, Tsaulian (Ad.) ; Japan (Stearns).

Nassa (Hima) festiva Powis. Dkr., Moll. Jap., pi. 1, f. 22, N. hrata, vidt
Lischke, J. M. C., II. p. 53.

Kiushiu, Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Nagasaki'and Deshima (Lischke) ;
Hakodate (Ad.) ; Ukushima, Goto Is. (St. John).
Nassa (Hima) dealbata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 112 ; C. Icon., f. 105.

Japan (Stearns). Probably a form of N. festiva.

Nassa fuscolineata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 423.

Cape Shima, 18 fath., sand and broken shell (St. John) ; Tokyo
Harbor (Stearns) ; N. shore of Prov. Tango (Gaines).

36 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, NASSID^.

Nassa (Hima) japonioa (A. Ad.) Lischke. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 110; Lischke, J. M.

C., Ill, p. 37, pi. 2, f. 20-23. N. tennis Smith, Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 423; P. Z. 8.

1879, p. 211.

Cape Shima, 18 f ins. ; Goza and Ooshima Harbors; between
Nippon and Shikoku (St. John); Bay of Yedo (Lischke); Seto-Uchi,
Uraga, Kino-o-Shima, Sado (A. Ad.).

Nassa (Hima) dominula Tap.-Can. Viag. Magenta, p. 19, pi. 1, f. 17. (Syn. : N~
aaUidenlata Smith, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 212, pi. 20, f. 46).
Yokohama (Magenta) ; Goto Is. (St. John).

Nassa (Hima) luteola Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 212, pi. 20, f. 47.

Goto Is. (St. John).

Nassa (Hima) fraterculus Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 17, pi. 1, f. 15. J. M. C., II, pi. iv,
f. 7, 8.

Isi, Kamakura, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Goto Is. (St. John) ;
Tatiyama, Hakodadi, Simoda, Nagasaki (Ad.) ; Deshima (Nuhn).
Nassa (Hima) plebeoula Gld. Otia Couch., p. 128.

Ooshima (Stimpsom); considered by Lischke a synonym of N-
fraterculus..

Nassa mustelina Old. Otia Conch., p. 127.

Ooshima Coast, 2 fathoms ; (Stimp.).
Nassa spurca Gould. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 423 ; Otia, p. 129.

Ooshima and Yamada Harb., 7-8 fath., (St. John).
Is the Japanese shell really Gould's species ?
Nassa dermestina Gld. Proc. Bost. Soc. vii, p. 331 ; Otia, p. 128.

Hakodate (Lischke, J. M. C., 1, p. 60) ; Kikaia (Stimp.).

Nassa (Zeuxis) siquijorensii A. Adams. C. Icon., f. 53 ; P. Z. S., 1879, p. 210, j.I.
20, f. 45, 45a.

Off Kobe*, 8 to 14 fath., mud (Chall.) ; Seto-Uchi, Tsaulian, Toma
(Ad.) ; E. of Kii (St. John).

Nassa (Zeuxis) crenulata Brugilre. Challenger Gastrop, 1873-6. XV, p. 183;
Reeve. Conch. Icon., VIII, pi. 1, f. 2.

Off Kobe, 8 fms. (Challenger).
Nassa (Zeuxis) varicifera A. Ad. C. Icon., f. 118.

Isi, Karaakura (Stearns) ; Tsaulian (Ad.) ; South of Corea (St.
John).

Stearns' shells are a small form which may be called var. /rater-
minor, characterized by the shell having only one varix which is
near the end of the penultimate whorl, and otherwise resembling N.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, NASSID^. 37

Jraterculus. They may indeed have no especial relationship to
varicifera, as I have not been able to compare typical specimens of
that species.

Nassa (Zeuxis) succincta A. Ad. C. Icon., f. 80.
Seto-Uchi, Mososeki (Ad.).

Nassa (Zeuxis) mioans A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p, 106 ; 0. Icon., f. 140 ; Ann. Mag.,
1870, V, p. 426.

Uraga (A. Ad.).

Nassa (Zeuxis) clandestina A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), V, p. 426.

Seto-Uchi, Idzuma-Nada, Yobuko (A. Ad.).

Nassa luctuosa A. Ad. C. Icon., f. 109.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Nassa hypolia Pilsbry. PI. II, figs. 13, 14.

Shell elongated, solid and thick, purplish-black with a peripheral
brown or whitish girdle, not glossy ; becoming ashy on the spire and
with age all over. Surface dull ; sculptured with numerous rounded
longitudinal ribs, slightly curved, a trifle more prominent at the
shoulder and not extending below the periphery, sometimes subob-
solete on the body-whorl. No spiral sculpture, or a few faint cords
at the base. Aperture less than half the shell's length. Outer lip
with a low varix, thick, with five teeth within ; throat purple-
black, showing the narrow light band, which on the lip spreads up-
ward ; below it another light blotch on the lip. Columella with a
•white or yellow callus below, roughened by a few weak folds, and
with the usual posterior fold. Alt. 12'5, diam. 7 mm. Operculum
oval with entire edge.

Yesso (Stearns).

The folds are coarser and extend further down than in luctuosa
and succincta ; semiplicata is more strongly varixed with different
denticulation of the aperture ; teretiuscula differs in texture and
color. This species would have been included by Tryon in N.
gaudiosa jud gin g from what he has considered synonyms of that spe-
cies ; but I am by no means prepared to endorse such wholesale
lumping of species as that in his monograph of Nassa.

Nassa (Demoulia) binominata Pilsbry (n. n.).

D esmo idea jap onica A. Ad. (not Nassa japonica A. Ad.). Reeve,
•Conch. Icon., Nassa, fig. 192.

Japan (A. Ad.).

33 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, COLUMBELLID.E.

On the subgenus Demoulia see E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6)^
VIII, p. 320. No other species is known from Japan.

COLUMBELLIDJE.

Columbella haemastoma Sowb. Thes., I, p. Ill, pi. 36, f. 5.

Gulf of Tartary (Schrenck).

Columbella fuscata Sowb. Ibid, p. 114, pi. 36, f. 21, 25.

Same locality. These are doubtful members of the Japan fauna.
Columbella Bolidula Reeve. C. Icon., sp. 149. Same locality.

Columbella soripta Lam. (versioolor Sowb.). Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 51 ; The*., f.
41-46.

Oshima (Challenger) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Deshima, Naga-
saki (Dkr.) ; Ukushima, Goto Is. (St. John).

Columbella pardalina Lam. var. lagena Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., pi. 26, f. 162;
Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, pi. 2, f. 5-7.

N. shore of Tango (Gaines) ; Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Ukushima,
Goto Is., E. coast Kii (St. John) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Tryon considers Col. japonica Rve. (C. Icon., f. 45) a form of
pardalina.
Columbella araneosa Old. Otia Conch., p. 132.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpsou).
Columbella tenuil Gaskoin. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 422.

Endermo Harbor, 4-7 fath., sandy mud (St. John).
Columbella misera Sowb. J. M. C., I, p. 59 ; II, p. 48 ; III, p. 45, pi. 2, f. 10, 11.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Goto Is. (Si. John) ; Kamakura, Isi and
Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; N. shore of Tango (Gaines).

Columbella pumila Dkr. Moll. Jap., pi. 1, f. 4.

Tokyo Harbor and Kamakura (Stearns) ; Deshima (Dkr.) ;
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Columbella martens! Lischke. J. M. C., II, pi. v, f. 1-9.
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Columbella compta Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 8, 9.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tokyo Harbor and Kamakura (Stearns).
Columbella (Atilia) niveomarginata Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 208, pi. 20, f. 42.

Ukushima, Goto Is. (St. John).
Columbella (Atilia) lisohkei Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 207, pi. 20, f. 41.

North of Kiushiu, 30 fms. (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, COLUMBELLID^. 39

Columbella (Atilia 1) pleurotomoides n. sp. PI. I, f. 6.

Shell fusiform, slender, smooth except for slight growth-lines, and
on base and anterior canal numerous spiral line. Spire straight-
sided, the sutures linear ; whorls 9, flat, the body whorl swollen in
the middle, rapidly contracted below into a short anterior canal.
Surface not shining ; light clear buff, showing under a lens close,
faint, darker longitudinal lines, becoming flesh-colored on spire, the
earliest whorls crimson ; body whorl encircled by two girdles of
small, close, lunate or squarish brown spots, one on base, the other
above the periphery and ascending the spire about midway between
sutures. Aperture, small, narrow, contained nearly 2£ times in
length of shell, smooth and showing the dot-series within ; outer lip
thin, sharp and simple, distinctly retracted above and arched for-
ward in the middle. Columella sinuous, being prominent in the
middle, concave above and below, without folds or teeth. Alt. 11,
diam. 3£ mm.

Banda, Boshiu (Stearns).

The generic reference of this beautiful species is by no means cer-
tain, as the outer lip lacks the teeth within characteristic of Atilia,
and is distinctly retracted above. Numerous specimens were col-
lected.

Columbella (Anachis) californica Reeve. Conchyl. Cab., p. 59, pi. 8, f. 3, 4.

Japan (Dr. Guttsche).
Columbella (Zafra) zonata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 130.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Columbella (Anaohis) minuscula Gld. Otia Conch., p. 131.

Ooshima (Stimpson) 2 vars.
Columbella impolita Sowb. Thes. Conch., p. 132, f. 127.

Suruga, Kii coast (Stearns).
Columbella (Zafra) subvitrea Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 209, pi. 20, f. 43.

South of Nippon (St. John).
Columbella (Zafra) mitriformis A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, p. 332.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Columbella discors Gmel. Conchyl. Cab., p. 18, pi. 2, figs. 17-18.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Columbella (Conidea) flava Brug. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, pi. 2, f. 1-4.

Kii, Kamakura (Stearns) ; Deshima (Dkr.) ; Goto Is. (St. John) .
Nagasaki (Lischke).

40 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS,

Mr. Stearns' shells are the form figured by Lischke, which he
finally referred to C. undata Duclos as a variety. Beach-worn spec-
imens are fleshy-pink, with a row of narrow brown spots below the
suture.

Amycla varians Dkr. Mai. Bl. VI, p. 231 ; Moll. Jap., p. 6, pi. 1, f. 17 ; P. Z. 8.,

1879, p. 210, pi. 20, f. 44.

Tokyo Harbor, Kamakura, Yokohama (Stearns) ; Nagasaki
(Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Tatiyama, Hakodate, Rifunsiri (A.
Ad.) ; N. shore of Tango (Gaines).
Amyola burohardi Dkr. Index, p. 55, pi. 4, f. 3, 4.

Amycla gausapata Gld. and A. achatina Sowb. are reported from
Japan by A. Adams, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1870, p. 426.

Engina aouminata Reeve. C. Icon., sp. 52 (Ricinula).
Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

Engina mendicaria Linn6. Japan (Dkr. : Stearns).

Engina trifasciata Reeve. C. Icon., sp. 41. Puxiostoma trifasciatum Ad.
Okino-Shima (A. Ad.).

Aesopus japonicus Gld. Otia Conch., p. 128.

Kagoshima Bay, 5 fathoms, sand (Stimpson).
MURICIDJE.

Trophon lamellosum Gray. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 421.

Japan, Lat. 42° 58' N., Long., 145° 24' E., 48 fms. (St. John).

Trophon incomptum Gld. Otia Conch., p. 125.

Hakodate (Stimpson).
Trophon inermis Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 287, pi. 71, f. 12.

Japan Coast (Siebold).
Trophon candelabrum Rve. Conch. Icon., f. 79 (Fusus).

Tsusaki, 55 fathoms (Adams).
Trophon concinnum A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 375.

Rifunsiri (Adams).

Trophon tantillum A. Adams. Ibid. Satanomosaki (Adams).

Trophon clathratus Linne. Sachalin Island (Schrenck) ; E. coast of Prov. Kii
(Stearns).

Trophon luculentus Rve. C. Icon., (Miirex), sp. 127; Index, p. 9, pi. 1, f. 3, 4.
(T.fimbriatw Hinds, voy. Sulphur, pi. 1, f. 18, 19).

Trophon pachyraphe Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 205, pi. 20, f. 37, 37a. (Fusus).
Ukushima, Goto Is., and N. of Kiushiu (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MURICID^. 41

Trophon crassum Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 269. (Murex).
Hakodate.

Trophon crispum Gld. U. S. Expl. Exped., p. 229, f. 279. (Fusus).
Trophon orpheum Gld. Ibid, p. 234, f. 285. (Fusus).
Okosiri (Ad.).

'Typhis arcuatus Hinds (T. japonious A. Ad.). Zool. Sulphur, p. 10, pi. 3, f. 1, 2 ;
Conch. Icon., XIX, pi. 3, f. 10, a, b, c.

Japan (Adams).

Typhis montforti A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. iii. f. 15.

Okino-Shima (Adams).

Murex tenuispina L. Kii Coast (Stearns) ; Oshima, Nagasaki (Lischke).
Murex trihulus Linne. Simidzu (Ad.).
Murex aduncospinosus (Beck) Reeve. Yokohama (Dkr.).
Murex martinianus Rve. Japan (Dkr.).
Murex troschelii Lischke. Lischke, J. M. C., I, pi. 1.

Kii coast (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

The primary spines are mostly longer than shown in Lischke's
figures.

Murex sohrinus A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 199, pi. 20, f. 30.

Satanomosaki, 55 fms. ; Goto, 48 fms. ; Kuru-Shima, 29 fms.
(Ad.) ; W. of Goto Is. and S. of Corea(St. John, 51-54 fms.).

Murex plioiferus Sowb. Dkr., Index, p. 4, pi. 4, f. 1, 2.
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Murex haustellum Linn. Japan (Dkr.).

Murex (Chicoreus) sinensis Rve. Tokyo, Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tatiyama,
Mososeki (A. Ad.).

Murex (Chicoreus) penchinati Crosse. J. de C., IX, p. 351, pi. 16, f. 6.
Nagasaki.

Murex ramosus Linn. Kamakura (Stearns).
Murex (Chicoreus) adustus Lamk. Ann., Mag., 1875, p. 419.
Ooshima ; Tatiyama ; Tsu-shima (Ad.).

Murex (Homalocantha) rota Sowb. Dkr., Index, p. 5, pi. 2, f. 3.

Japan (Dkr.).
Murex (Phyllonotus 1) acanthophorus A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 420.

Hakodate, 5 fath. (St. John) ; Tsu-Saki (Ad.).

42 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, MURICIDJE.

Murex (Phyllonotus) ooronatug A. Ad. Thee. Conch., IV, pi. 400, f. 199.

Cape St. John, Tsu-Saki (Ad.).
Murex (Phyllonotus) unifasciatus A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 372 j Index, p. 7.

Uraga (Ad.).

Murex (Pteronotus) pinnatus Wood. Japan (Dkr.); China.
Murex (Pteronotus) brachypteron A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 371.

Uraga (Ad.).
Murex (Pteronotus) gouldii A. Ad. Ibid, p. 371.

Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Murex (Pteronotus) stimpsoni A. Ad. Thes., Vol. 4, pi. 400, f. 196.

Uraga (Ad.).

Murex (Murioidea) oirrosa Hinds. Voy. Sulphur, p. 9, pi. 3, f. 17, 18; C. Icon.,
f. 138 ; P. Z. S., 1879, p. 200.

E. of Goto Is., 58 fms. (St- John).

Murex (Muricidea) diadema A. Adams. Satanomosaki (Ad.).

Murex (Murioidea) puteolus A. Adams. Tsnsaki (Ad.).

Murex (Phyllonotus) ouspidatus Sby. The*., IV, pi. 400, f. 203.

Japan (Sowb.).
Murex (Pteronotus) speciosus A. Ad. Then., Vol. 4, pi. 392, f. 125.

Yokohama (Sowb.).
Ooinebra inermis Sby. Thes., Vol. 4, pi. 402, f. 235. Japan.

Ooinebra contracta Reeve. C. Icon., f. 53 (Buccinum) -\-B.funiculatum Rve.,
I C., f. 61.

Japan (Stearns). Are 0. calcarea and innotabilis really distinct
from the half grown of this species? When adult it resembles 0.
poulsoni somewhat.

Ocinebra calcarea Dkr. Moll. Jap., pi. 1, f. 2. (Syn. Urosalpinx innotabilis Smith,
P. Z. S., 1879, p. 201, pi. 20, f. 32).

N. of Kiushiu, 30 fms. (St. John).

Ooinebra fimbriatula A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 201, pi. 20, f. 31- ( TropJum fim-
briatulum Ad.).

E. of Goto Is., 40 fms. (St. John).

Ocinebra japonica Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 4, pi. 1, f. 14 ; Index, p. 8. (Syn. : M.
talienwhanensis Crosse, J. de C., X, p. 56, pi. 1, f. 9).

Deshiraa (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Ocinebra falcata Sby. Thes., Vol. 4, pi. 394, f. 149.

Off Goto Is. (St. John) ; Kiushiu (Lischke).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MURICID^S. 43

Ocinebra falcata var. adunca Sowb. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 61a.

East coast, between Tokyo and Ooshima (Stearns).

Some specimens are cream white with a subperipheral purple-
brown zone ; some are uniform dark purple-brown. The largest
measures 66 mm. alt. Operculum purpuroid, the apex somewhat
below the middle of the outer margin.
Ocinebra (Cerostoma) eurypteron Reeve. Voy. Samarang, pi. 8, f. 1.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Ocinebra (Cerostoma) emarginata Sowb. C. Icon., Ill, f. 1.

Off Goto Is. (St. John) ; Boshiu (Stearns).

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) foliata Martyn. Univ. Conch., pi. 66. Dkr., Index, p. 7,
pi. 4, f. 10, 11.

Northern Japan (Dkr.).
Ocinebra (Cerostoma) plorator Adams & Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 38, pi. 8, f. 3.

East coast, between Tokyo and Ooshima {Stearns).

A single specimen larger than the type, but apparently this spe-
cies.

Operculum similar to that of Ocinebra adunca.

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) roriflua Adams & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 38, pi. 8, f. 2 ; P.
Z. S., 1879, p. 200. (Syn. : Murex monachus Crosse, J. de C., 1862, p. 55, pi. 1, f.

8).

Tsaulian (A. Ad.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Goto Is, (St. John).

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) fournieri Crosse. J. de Conch., IX, p. 352, pi. 16, f. 7.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) burnettii Ad. et Rve. Ann. Mag. 1875, p. 420 ; Voy. Sam-
arang. p. 38, pi. VIII, f. 4, a, b.

Endermo Harb., 4-7 fath., sandy mud.

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) endermonis E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 420, Thes.,
IV, pi. 401, f. 213.

Endermo Harb., 47 fath., sandy mud (St. John).

Ocinebra (Cerostoma) burnetti Ad. & Rve. Thes., IV, pi. 392, f. 128.

Japan.
TTrosalpinx (?) birileffi Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 32.

Island of Oki, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Bapana bezoar Linne. Kiener, Coq. Viv., f. 42. (Purpura).

Yokohama Bay, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Yedo, Nagasaki
(Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Hakodate, Simoda (A. Ad.).

44 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, MURICIDJE.

Bapana bezoar var. thomasiana Crosse. Crosse, Journ. de Conchyl., 1861, p. 268,
pi. 9, 10. (R. thomasiana).

Markets of Yokohama and Tokyo, a food mollusk (Stearns).

Rapana bulbosa Solander. Tryon, Man. Vol. II, p. 203, p]. Ixiii, f. 336.

Japan (Dkr.) ; Yokohama Bay (Stearns).
Rapana (Latiaxig) mawae Gray. Japan (Dkr.).
Rapana (Latiazis) deburghiae Reeve. Dkr., Index, pi. 1, f. 5-7.

Japan (Dkr.).
Eapana (Latiaxis) lischkeana Dkr. Index, p. 43, pi. 1, f. 1, 2; pi. 13, f. 26, 27.

Japan (Dkr.).

Rapana (Latiaxis) japonica Dkr. Index, p. 43, pi. 13, f. 24, 25.

Inland Sea of Japan (Dkr.).
Eapana (Latiaxis) sallei Jouss. Bull. Soc. Zool. France. 1883, p. 187, pi. 10, f. 3.

Japan Coast.

Purpura rudolphi Cbemn. C. Icon., f. 10.

Japan (Dkr.).
Purpura persioa Linn. Japan (Stearns).

Purpura luteostoma (Chemn.) Dillw. Chemn., Conchyl. Cab., XI, p. 83, pi. 187, f.
1800, 1801 (Good).

Seta coast and Saruga coast (Stearns); Hakodate, Yedo (Lischke);
Deshima (Dkr.).

Purpura bronni Dkr. (Moll. Jap., pi. 1, f. 23) is a rather short
specimen, not completely mature. See also Lischke, J. M. C., I, pi.
5, f. 17, and II, pi. 4, f. 20. (Nagasaki, Tatiyama, Deshima).

Purpura echinata Blainv. C. Icon., sp. 33.

Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Purpura heyseana Dkr. Index, p. 40, pi. 13, f. 10, 11.
Sea of Japan (Dkr.).

Purpura alveolata Reeve. (+P. davigera Kiist., tumulosa Lischke). Lischke,
J. M. C., I, p. 54, pi. 5, f. 12-16 ; Vol. II, p. 39.

Kamakura, I. of Oki, Boshiu, Seta coast (Stearns) ; Ooshima
(Challenger ; St. John) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Dkr.).

Another synonym is P. problematica Baker (Proc. Rochester
Acad. Sciences I, 1891, p. 135, pi. 11, f. 2, 3). So involved and dif-
ficult is the literature of this group of Purpura that we do not ven-
ture to say what the ultimate specific designation of the Japanese
forms will be. There can be little doubt that all of Lischke's figures

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CORALLIOPHILID^E. 45

cited above belong to one species. The numerous specimens col-
lected by Mr. Stearns show both of Lischkes' forms and many inter-
mediate between them, as well as other mutations. When com-
pletely adult there are a few widely spaced denticles within the lip,
as in P. luteostoma, from which this form differs mainly in the black-
ish substance of the shell, which is conspicuously shown upon the
eroded tubercles and within the aperture. Connecting specimens
between this form and luteostoma probably occur.
Purpura lapillus Lin. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 424.

Hakodate (Stearns).

Jopas sertum Brug. Japan (Dkr. ; Stearns).

Eioinula ricinus Linne. Hachijoshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Bicinula moms Lam. Japan (Stearns).

Sistrum undatum Chemn. (R.fiscellum Reeve). Nagasaki (Lischke); Deshima
(Nuhn).

Sistrum tuberculatum Blainv. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 424.

Shores of Toba and Oshima (St. John).

Sistrum musiva Kiener. Icon. Coq. Viv. Purpura, pi. 9, f. 22.

Japan (Dkr.).
Sistrum asperum Lam. C. Icon., sp. 13 (Ricinula).

Japan (Dkr.).

Sistrum sidereum Reeve. C. Icon., sp. 14 (Ricinula).
Takano-Shima (Ad.).

COBALLIOPHILID.E.

Coralliophila monodonta Q. & G. Astrol., pi. 37, f. 9-11.

Hakodate Bay (Schrenck).
Coralliophila costularis Blainv. C. Icon., f. 63 (Purpura).

Japan (Dkr.).

Coralliophila Jeffreys! Smith. P. Z. S., 1879, p. 213, pi. 20, f. 48.

Inland Sea, between Shikoku and Nippon, 22 fms. (St. John).
Coralliophila stearnsii n. sp. PI. II, fig. 12.

Shell pure white, resembling in form C. inflata Dkr. Whorls 6,
convex, sculptured with longitudinal folds, 11 on penult, whorl, and
strong spiral cords passing over but lower on the folds, alternating
in size, densely scaly, deeply separated, 7 or 8 on penult, whorl.

46 JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, TRITONID^E.

Aperture ovate, smooth within ; umbilicus small. Alt. 18, diam.
12 mm.
Japan (Stearns).

Leptoconchus peronii Lam. (Striatus Riipp.). Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).
Leptoconchus schrenckii Lischke. J. M. < '.. II, p. 45, pi. 4, f. 9, 10.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Leptoconchus rostratus A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 45, pi. 6, f. 20, 21.

Kino-o-Shima, on Madrepores (Ad.) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Bulbus rapa Linn6. (Rapa papyracea Lam., of authors). Japan (Dkr.).

( Tcenioglosaa).
TRITONID2E.

Tritonium tritonis L. Ohosaka (Lischke).
Tritonium nodiferum Lamarck.

See next species, with which this is united by Tryon, Dunker and
others.
Tritonium sauliae Reeve. Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. 45 ; II, p. 33, pi. 1, 2.

Inland Sea, Sagami (Stearns) ; Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tati-
yama, Tsu-Saki, Takano-Shima, Bay of Yedo (A. Ad.).

Tritonium (Simpulum) costatus (Born). Challenger Oastrop, 1873-6, XV, p. 390
(Sidney). Syn. T. (Simpulum) olearium Auct. Tryon, Man. Vol. Ill, p. 11, pi.
Ill, f. 19.

Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tatiyama (A. Ad.) ; all along the
coast from Tokyo to Ojima (Stearns).
Tritonium pileare L. C. Icon., f. 23.

Japan (Stearns; Dkr.).
Tritonium aquatile Reeve. C. Icon., f. 24.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Tritonium clandestinum (Cheinn.) Lam. C. Icon., f. 13.

Japan (Dkr.).
Tritonium labiosum Wood. C. Icon., f. 52.

Uraga (A. Ad.).

Tritonium dorsuosum A. Adams. Ibid, 420.

Tatiyama (Adams).
Tritonium lotorium Linne. Japan (Dkr.).
Tritonium dunkeri Lischke. Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. 49, pi. 3, f. 1, 2.

Japan (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TRITONID^E. 47

Tritonium moritinctum Reeve. C. Icon., f. 49.
Tatiyama (A. Ad.).

Tritonium vespaceus Lam. Japan (Stearns).

Tritonium tenuiliratum Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 30, pi. 2, f. 18, 19.

South coast of Japan (Lischke).
Tritonium excavatum Reeve. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, pi. 2, f. 15-17.

Japan, Tokyo (Stearns) ; Yedo and Nagasaki (Lischke).
Tritonium lobbeckei Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 36, pi. 4, f. 13, 14.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Tritonium reticosum A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1870, p. 420.

Japan (Cuming; Adams).
Tritonium lirostoma A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), v, p. 419.

Simidzu (Adams).
Tritonium papillosum A. Adams. Ibid, p. 419.

Takano-Shima (Adams).
Tritonium nodiliratum A. Adams. Ibid, p. 419.

Japan (Cuming coll.).
Tritonium tringa A. Adams. Ibid, p. 420.

Uraga (Adams).
Distortrix retioulata Link. C. Icon., f. 41, 45, 46, 102.

Japan (Dkr., as Tritonium dedpiens Rve. and retieulare Linn.).

Priene oregonensis Redfield. Ann. Lye. N. H., New York, 1846, IV, p. 165, pi.
VI, f. 2.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Hakodate (Stimp.) ; Okosiriand Aniwa
Bay (A. Ad.).

Gyrineum rana (Linne). (R. albivaricosa Kve.). Tryon, Man. Vol. Ill, p. 38,
pi. 18, f. 5, 6.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kii coast (Stearns).
Gyrineum subgranosum Beck. Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Gyrineum bufo Chemn. Ind. Moll. Mor. Jap., p. 31, pi, 5, f. 3, 4 (var.).

Kiusiu (Dkr.).
Gyrineum lampas Linne. C. Icon., II, pi. 10, f. 30b.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kii coast (Stearns).
Gyrineum graniferum Lam. Japan (Dkr.).
Gyrineum affine Brod. Rve., Conch. Icon., Ranella, f. 19.

Japan (Stearns).

48 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, CA88IDID.K.

Gyrineum cruentatum Sowb. Japan (Stearns).
Gyrineum ranelloides Rve. C. Icon., f. 10.

Kiusiu (Lischke). Tryon considers this a synonym of cruentata.

Gyrineum tuberculatum Brod. Japan (Dkr.).
Gyrineum lamellosum Dkr. Japan (Dkr.).
Gyrineum (Biplex) perca Perry (pulchra Gray).

Inland Sea (Stearns ; 33 specimens) ; Kiusiu (Lischke).

CASSIDIDJE.

Cassis oornuta Linne". Nagasaki (Lischke).
Cassis rufa Linne". C. Icon., pi. 8, f. 20a.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Cassis pila Reeve. Rv., Conch. Icon., V, f. 21.

Japan (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Cassis japonica Reeve. Rr., Conch. Icon., f. 23 a, b.

Japan (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tatiyama, Tsusaki (A.
Ad.).

This form differs from C. pila in having the upper surface and
spire densely granulated. It is typically without varices. Some
specimens lack the rows of brown blotches.

Cassis coronulata Sowb. C. Icon., f. 31.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Ooshima, Kii (Stearns).

Cassis strigata Gmel. Rve., Conch. Icon., V, f. 26.

Sagami Coast (Stearns, 25 specimens) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ;
Mososeki, Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.).

The specimens agree exactly with Keeves' beautiful figure, except
that the inner lip exhibits some short callous wrinkles above.

Cassis strigata Gmel. var. Japan (Stearns).

Several shells before me differ from the type in being smaller, and
having spiral grooves over the entire body-whorl. One of them
lacks varices ; two others have each a single varix near the begin-
ning of the body-whorl.

Cassis vibex Linne. Japan (Dkr.) ; east coast (Stearns).
Cassis pirum Lam. C. Icon., f. 29 (zeylanica Lam.).
Japan (Dkr.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, DOLIIDJE. 49

Cassis achatina var. inornata Pile. PI. II, fig. 17.

Japan (Stearns).

Shell oblong with conical spire, the body-whorl smooth, shouldered
above, the shoulder weakly nodulous; suture broadly margined.
Whorls of spire angulated and nodulous, spirally striated above the
angle, the upper ones decussated by fine radial folds. Nucleus
nacoid, consisting of 3? smooth, white, rounded whorls. Outer lip
reflexed and spotted, having obscure traces of teeth below ; colum-
ella smooth ; base of body-whorl smooth. Alt. 65, diam. 40 mm. ;
alt. of aperture 46 mm.

Oniscia macandrewi G. B. Sowerby, Jr. PI. II, fig. 3.
P. Z. S., 1888, p. 567, pi. 28, f. 1, 2.

Japan (Hungerford, Stearns).

Shell similar to 0. cancellata, but broader above, ponderous, the
spiral cords not in the least prickly where they cross the longitudi-
nal ribs ; the latter being stout and rounded, nearly as wide as the
interspaces. Buff-white, maculated and obscurely two-banded with
brown, speckled with the same, especially on the ribs and lip-varix.
Aperture and columella as in cancellata, but sometimes lacking;
rugosities between the lip-teeth.

Alt. 45, diam. 29 mm. ; alt. of aperture 36 mm.

Alt. 36, diam. 24 mm. ; alt. of aperture 30 mm.

DOLIIDJE.

Dolium fasciatum Martini. C. Icon., sp. 11.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Dolium zonatum Green. Tr. Alb. Inst., I, p. 131 (D. crenulatum Phil.)-

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; S. of Tokyo Bay (Stearns).

Dolium lischkeanum Kttster. C. Cab. p. 71, pi. 62, f. 1.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Dolium tessellatum Lam. Japan Sea (Dkr., Index, p. 57.)
Dolium chinense Dillw. Japan (Dkr.).

Dolium luteostoma Kiist. Dkr., Nov. Conch., p. 104, pi. 35, 36 ( " D. japonicum " )~
Index, p. 58.

East coast south of Tokyo (Stearns, young shells only) ; Yedo,,
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).
Dolium perdix Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Dolium pomum Linne. Japan (Dkr.).

Pyrula reticulata Lam. Tokyo (Dkr.) j Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kuro-Shima (A. Ad.) ;:
Matsu-yeno-hama Coast (Stearns).

50 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS,

CYPRJEIDJE.

The claims of some of the following species to a place in the
Japanese fauna are of doubtful validity.
Cypraea gourra Linn. Roberts, Man. Conch., VII, pi. 2, f. 19-21.

Japan (Stearns, No. 1087).

Cypraea testudinaria Linn6. Man. Conch., VII, pi. 1, f. 9, 10.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Cypraea Isabella Linne\ Man. Conch., VII, p. 165, pi. 1, f. 6, 7.

Nagasaki (Lischke, Stearns).
Cypraea oarneola Linn6. Japan (Dkr.).
Cypraea fimbriata Ginelin. Man. Conch. VII, p. 166, pi. 5, f. 76-78.

Japan (Reeve) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Kino-o-Shima (Ad.) ; Naga-
saki (Lischke).
Cypraea macula Ad. Roberta in Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 169, pi. 4, f. 71, 72.

Japan (A. Ad. ; Stearns) ; N. coast of Tango (Gaines, in Stearns
coll.).

Cypraea felina Gmelin. Man. Conch., VII, p. 169, pi. 4, f. 52-55, 59, 60.

Nagasaki ; Kino-o-Shima (Lischke).
Cypraea neglecta Sowerby. Man. Conch., VII, p. 170, pi. 4, f. 61, 62, 63.

Japan (Sowerby).
Cypraea cylindrica Born. Conch. Cab. p. 12, 32, pi. III. f. 6, 7 ; pi. IX, f. 5-7.

Japan (Weinkauff).
Cypraea hungerfordi Sowerby. P. Z. S., 1888, p. 208, pi. 11, f. 1-3.

Japan ? (Sowb.).

Cypraea caurica Linn6. Man. Conch., Ill, p. 171, pi. 5, f. 88-90.

Japan (Lischke) ; Satanomosaki (Ad.).

Cypraea mauritiana Linn. Man. Conch., VII, p. 173, pi. 7, f. 8-11.
Bay of Yedo (Lischke, Stearns) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

Cypraea caputserpentis Linn6. Man. Conch., VII, p. 173, pi. 6, f. 98-100.

Japan (McAndrew ; Stearns, " very rare ") ; Nagasaki (Lischke);
Tanabe, Kino-o-Shima, Tago and Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).

Cypraea arabica Linn£. Man. Conch., VII, p. 174, pi. 8, f. 18, 19.
Yedo (Lischke, Stearns) ; Tago (Ad.).

Cypraea reticulata Martyn. Man. Conch., VII, p. 174, pi. 8, f. 21. 22.
Japan (Lischke, Stearns) ; Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CYPILEIDvE. 51

Cypraea moneta L. Roberts in Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, pi. 23, f. 60, 61.

Japan, not common (Stearns).

Part of the specimens are white beneath, part yellow.

Nagasaki (Lischke) Tatiyama and Tanabe (Ad.) ; Hakodate
(Schrenck).
Cypraea annulus L. Roberts, Man. Conch., VII, p. 178, pi. 11, f. 57-61.

Nagasaki, Japan (Lischke, Stearns).
Cypraea tigris Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 180, pi. 11, f. 49.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Satsuma (Stearns), rare.

Cypraea vitellus Linne. Japan (Bunker, Lischke, Stearns) ; Kino-o-Shima (A. Ad.).
Cypraea onyx Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 183, pi. 13, f. 77-81.

Japan (Stearns) ; Tsu-Saki, Tatiyama, Tanabe (A. Ad.) ; Naga-
saki (Lischke).
Cypraea lynx Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 183, pi. 14, f. 86, 87.

Japan, quite rare (Stearns) ; Yedo (Lischke).
Cypraea errones Linne. Roberts, Man. Conch., VII, p. 183, pi. 14, f. 88, 89.

Southern Japan (Lischke).
Cypraea pallida Gray. Conchy]. Cab., p. 60, pi. 18, f. 5, 8, 11.

Japan (Lischke, Stearns).
Cypraea asellus Linn. Man. Conch., VII, p. 187, pi. 16, f. 34,.

Japan (Stearns).

Cypraea clandestina Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 187, pi. 16, f. 37, 38.

Tsu-Sima; Tatiyama; Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).
Cypraea oribraria Linne. Japan (Dkr.).
Cypraea punctata Linne. Conchyl. Cab., p. 98, pi. 30, f. 6, 9.

Japan (Lischke).
Cypraea lamarcki Gray. Man. Conch., VII, p. 192, pi. 18, f. 96, 97.

Japan (Sowerby).

Cypraea miliaris Gmelin. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Cypraea erosa Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 192, pi. 18, f. 90, 100, 1.

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Tanabe and Takano-Shima (A. Ad.)

Cypraea poraria Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 193, pi. 18, f. 2, 3.
Japan (Stearns).

Cypraea helvola Linne. Man. Conch., VII, p. 194, pi. 19, f. 8, 9.
Japan (Lischke, Stearns).

52 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, OVULID^E.

Cyprtea (Pustularia) staphylaea Linne". Man. Conch., VII, p. 196, pi. 20, f. 39-41.
Japan (Stearns) ; Satanomosaki, Tatiyama, Takano-Shima (A.
Ad.).
Cyprsea (Pustularia) nucleus Linn. Man. Conch., VII, p. 197, pi. 20, f. 48, 49.

Japan (Stearns).

Cypraea (Epona) globulus Linn. Yokohama (Stearns) ; Satanomosaki (Ad.) : Dun-
ker reports C. cicercula, also.

Trivia oryza Lamarck. Man. Conch., VII, p. 200, pi. 21, f. 82, 83.

Japan (Lischke).
Trivia grando Gaskoin. Roberts, Man. Conch., VII, p. 200, pi. 21, f. 86, 87.

Goto ; Siraoda (A. Ad.).

Erato callosa Adams & Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 25, pi. 10, f. 32.

Tokyo Bay, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn).
Erato lachryma Gray. Thes., Ill, p. 82, pi. 219, f. 4-6.

Kamakura, Tokyo Harbor, etc. (Stearns).

OVULIDJE.
Ovula ovum Linn6. Man. Conch., VII, p. 246, pi. 1, f. 11, 12.

Japan (Dkr.).

Ovula rhodia Ad. Conchyl. Cab., p. 180, pi. 46, f. 14, 15.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Tokyo Bay (Lischke).

Ovula tritioea Lain. Thes. Conch., II, p. 474, pi. 101, f. 99, 100.

Japan (Dkr.). A doubtful species.
Ovula laotea Lamarck. Man. Conch., VII, p. 247, pi. 2, f. 23-25.

Kino-o-Shitna (Adams).

Ovula pyriformis Sowerby. Man. Conch., VII, p. 247, pi. 2, f. 43-45.
Satanomosaki (A. Adams).

Ovula bulla Ad. A Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 21, pi. 6, f. 5.
Satanomosaki, 55 fms. (A. Adams).
Tryoii unites this and the next to 0. margarita Sowb.

Ovula umhilioata Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 178, pi. 46; f. 9-12.

Goto Is., 71 fms. (Adams).

Ovula oonoinna Adams <fc Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 22, pi. 6, f. 8.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Ovula punctata Duclos. Conchyl. Cab. p. 182, pi. 47, f. 6, 7.

Goto Is., 48 fms. (Adams).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, OVULID^E. 53

'Ovula bullata Ad. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 23, pi. 6, f. 12.

Japan, Goto Is. (Adams).
Ovula scitula A. Adams. Conchy 1. Cab., p. 185, pi. 47, f. 14, 15.

Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.). Tryon unites this to 0. bullata.
Ovula striatula Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 186, pi. 48, f. 2, 3.

Tsu-Saki, 55 fms. (A. Ad.).

Ovula dentata Ad. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 21, pi. 6, f. 4,

Goto Is., 4 fms. (Adams).
Ovula dorsuosa Hinds. Conch. Cab., p. 187, pi. 48, f. 6, 7.

Goto Is., 48 fms. (Adams).

Ovula obtusa Sowerby. Man. Conch., VII, p. 251, pi. 3, f. 87, 88.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. ; Kuro-Shima, 39 fms. (A. Ad.).

Ovula formosa Ad. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 6, f. 6 a, b.

Kino-o-Shima (A. Adams).
Cyphoma elongata A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 96.

Goto, 48 fms. (A. Ad.).

Volvula volva Linn. Man. Conch., VII, p. 252, pi. 4, f. 94, 95.

Ojima (Stearns) ; Kiusiu (Lischke) ; Satanomosaki, 55 fms. (Ad.).
Volvula recurva Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 21, pi. 6, f. 3.

Satanomosaki, 55 fms. (Ad.).
Volvula philippinarum Sowerby. Thes. Conch., II, p. 481, pi. 100, f. 57, 58.

Japan (Dkr.). Tryon makes subreflexa Sowb., reported by Adams
from Tsu-Shima, a synonym, and also earpenteri Dkr.
Volvula carpenter! Bunker. Index, p. 102, pi. 13, f. 1, 2.
Volvula adamsii Bunker. Index, p. 102, pi. 13, f. 3, 4.
Volvula birostris Lamarck. Man. Conch., VII, p. 253, pi. 4, f. 10, 11.

Japan (Sowerby).
Volvula (Neosimnia) aouminata Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 21, pi. 6, f. 1.

Kuro-Shima, 35 fms. (Ad.).

STBOMBIDJE.

Strombus latissimus Linne. Ohosaka (Lischke).
Strombus lentiginosus Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Strombus aurisdianae var. laevis Perry.

8. aurisdiance (part) Linne, Dillwyn and of Sowerby, Thes., I.

8. laevi* Perry, Conchology, pi. 13, f. 4 (1811).

54 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, STROMBID^.

S. " guttatus Martini," of authors (=Pugil flavescens, albo, gut-
tatus, l(Kvis Martini, Conch. Cab., II, p. 87, f. 840).

Japan (Dkr.).

As Linnaeus included both the rough and smooth forms in his
citations and cabinet under the name auris-dianae, it is evident that
the present form must bear the name given by Perry, who first of
binomial authors distinguished it. The well-known rough form
with smooth mouth retaining Linnaeus' term, of which S. striatogran-
osus Morch is a synonym. If the striation of the posterior sinus of
the aperture proves racially constant, this form (C. Icon., f. 86 b ;
Thes., f. 98, 99) may be called var. lamarckii Gray. The other
variety, melanostomus Swains., is generally recognized (C. Icon., f.
37). '

Strombni aratrum Martyn.

Alata aratrum Martyn, Univ. Conch., pi. 1 (1789).

Strombus auris Dianae Zelandiae Novae, etc., Chemn., C. Cab., X,.
p. 210, pi, 150, f. 1485,1486.

S. auris dianae var. Gmel., Dillw.

S. chemnitzii Pfr. Krit. Reg. zu Mart. u. Chera., pp. viii, 96 (1840).

Strombus acutus Perry, Conchol., pi. 12, f. 2 (1811).

Strombus pacificus Swains, Exot. Conch., pi. 17.

Strombus " novcezelandice Chemn.," Rve., C. Icon., f. 35.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

The above names are absolute synonyms of S. aratrum. S. aus-
tralis has been considered a variety of the above species by Tryon,
but in the absence of intermediate forms may well be retained dis-
tinct, being distinguished by the characters recited below. It ha&
not been reported from Japan.

S. australis Sowb., Thes., I, p. 36, pi. 9, f. 96, 97 (1847).

Coronal tubercles on body-whorl small and numerous, several
strong median cords on body-whorl, and spiral sculpture much
stronger throughout ; columellar callus more colored ; basal and
upper wing processes black-tipped, and lip black-edged when fully
adult; posterior sinus of aperture with two stronger cords.

Strombus suocinctus L. var. robustus Sowb. Sowb., P. Z. S., 1874, p. 599. pi. 72,
f. 5, 5a.

Hong-Kong (Cuthill ; Sowb.) ; Japan (Stearns) ; Tatiyama, Oki-
no Shima (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CERITHIID^E. 55

Strombus japonicus Reeve. Rr., Conch., con., f. 42; Lischke, J, M. C., I, pi. 5, f.

7.

Kishiu (Stearns, 70 specimens) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deslrima
(Nuhn) ; Takano-Shima and Tomo (A. Ad.).

The specimens are larger and darker colored than Reeve's figure,
but agree well with Lischke's.

Strombus urceus Linne" (floridus Lam. ; mutabilis Swains). Japan (Dkr., as
flosculosus Martini ; Stearns); Kiusiu (Lischke).

Strombus ustulatus Schum. (urceus Auct. not Linn.) Japan (Dkr. ; Stearns) ;
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Strombus dentatus L. var. corrugatus Ads. & Rve. A. &. R., Voy. Samarang, Moll,
pi. 10, f. 19.

Japan (Stearns).

Strombus gibberulus Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Strombus samar (Chemn.). Dillw. Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 121, pi. 8, f. 88.

Japan (Stearns).

Strombus luhuanus Linne. Tokyo (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Takano-Shima
and Tago (A. Ad.).

Strombus Isabella Lam. Southern Japan (Lischke).

Pterocera chiragra Linne". Man. Conch. VII, p. 126. Japan (Dkr.).

Pterocera millepeda Linne\ Japan (Dkr.).

Pterocera lambis Linne. Japan (Dkr.).

Pterocera bryonia Gmel. Nagasaki (Lischke); Hakodate (Schrenck).

Rostellaria powisii Petit. Man. Conch. VII, p. 128. Japan (Dkr.).

Seraphs terebellum Linne. (Terebellum punctatum and subulatum of authors).

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Nagasaki and Yobuko (A. Ad.).

CERITHIIDJE.

Cerithium echinatum Lam. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, pi. 20, f. 25 ; Dkr., Index,

p. 106.

Japan (Stearns ; Dkr.).
Cerithium guinaicum Phil. Abbild. Ill, pi. 1, f. 13.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cerithium columna Sowb. Thes., pi. 178, f. 55-58.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cerithium dialeucum Phil. Abbild., Ill, pi. 1, f. 5.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

56 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, CERITHIID.E.

Cerithium kobelti Dunker. Index, p. 106, pi. 4, f. 8, 9.
Japan (Dunker) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Cerithium humile Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 9, pi. 2, f. 17; J. M. C., Ill, p. 50, pi. 3, f.
18, 19, 20.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn).
Cerithium granosum Kiener. Coq. Viv., pi. 4, f. 3.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
<Cerithium oarbonarium Philippi. Challenger Gastrop, 1873-6, XV, p. 531 ; (Syn.:

C, bornii Rve., Conch. Icon., XV, pi. V, f. 26).

Ooshima (Challenger).
Cerithium rugosum Wood var. E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 106.

Ooshima (St. John).
Cerithium (Colina) maorostoma Hinds. Hds., Voy. Sulphur, pi. 16, f. 12.

Banda, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Sts. of Macassar (Hds.) ; Dumaguete
,and other Philippine localities (Cuming, et a/.).

A peculiar little species, showing great variation in the hundred
*or more specimens collected by Mr. Stearns. The extensive synonymy
.is given I believe correctly by Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, p. 142.

Clava sinensis Gmel. (obeliscus Brug.) Japan (Dkr., as Vertagus chinenris
Chemn.).

Clava aluoo Linn6. Man. Conch. IX, p. 145. pi. 27, f. 38. Japan (Dkr.).
Clava fasciata Brug. Sowb., Thea., II, pi. 176, f. 6.

Japan (Stearns ; 53 collected).

* Clava attenuata Phil. Abbild., I, pi. 1, f. 2 ; Man. Conch. IX, p. 148.

Corea Straits (Ad.).

vClava koohi Philippi. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, XVI, p. 105 ; Abbild., Ill, pi. 1, f.
2>.

Handa, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tango Coast
(Gaines) ; Matoza Harb., 6 fath. (St. John).

Clava turrita Sby. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 106 ; Man. Conch. IX, p. 147.

Ooshima, 8 fath. (St. John).
Clava pfefferi Dunker. Index, p. 108, pi. 4, f. 12-14.

Japan (Dkr.). Tryon considers this a synonym of C. turritwn.
Clava asper Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Clava vertagus Linn. Japan (Stearns).
Bittium pusillum Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 11, pi. 2, f. 6.

Deshima (Dkr.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CERITHIOPSID^E. 57

Bittium scalatum Dkr. Index, p. 108.

Japan (Dkr.).
Bittium oosimense Watson. Challenger Gastrop. XV, p. 548, pi. XXXIX, f. 1.

Ooshima (Chall.). Must be somewhat like the preceding.

Potamides (Telescopium) telesoopium Linne. Japan (Stearns, one poor specimen).
Potamides (Tympanotonos) fluviatilis P. & M. Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Japan
(Stearns).

Potamides (Batillaria) zonalis Brug. Lischke., J. M. C., I, pi. 6, f. 15, 16.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns); Ooshima (St. John); Nagasaki (Lischke);
Tokohama (Martens).

The following forms are closely allied.

Potamides (Batillaria) cumingi Crosse. Lampania cumingi Crosse, J. de C.,
1862, p. 54, pi. 1, f. 10, 11 ; J. M. C., I, pi. 6, f. 11-14.

Tokyo Harbor ; Banda, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Schrenck)
Potamides (Batillaria) multiformis Lischke. J. M. C., I, pi. 6, f. 1-10.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

The specimens correspond best with Lischke's figs. 7, 8, but are
white-banded at suture.
Potamides (Batillaria) aterrima Dkr. Index, p. 109, pi. 5, f. 7, 8.

Japan (Dkr.). Hardly distinct from the preceding. In fact all
the above forms of the P. zonalis group should probably be consid-
ered varieties of that species. Mr. R. B. Newton has shown that
Batillaria Bens, should replace Lampania Gray as a subgeneric
name for these forms.

CERITHIOPSIDJE.

CeritMopsis subreticulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 9, pi. 2, f. 10.
Deshitna (Dkr.).

CeritMopsis rosea A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), VII, 1861, p. 130.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. (Ad.).
CeritMopsis cerina, baculum, clavula A. Ad. Ibid.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Cerithiopsis paxillus, pagodula A. Ad. t. c., p. 131.

Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).
Seila dextroversa Ad. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 45, pi. 11, f. 31.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms.; Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).
Seila cingulata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VII, 1861, p. 131.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. (Ad.).

58 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TRIFORID^E.

TRIFORIDJE.

Triforis fusca Dkr. Moll. Jap., pi. 2, f. 22.

Kamakura, Tatagama, Boshiu, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Naga-
saki (Lischke) ; Deshiraa (Nuhn); N. coast of Tango (Gaiues).
Triforis violacea Q. & G. Astrol., pi. 55, f. 22, 23 ; Man. Conch. IX, p. 182.

Deshima (Dkr.).

Triforis granulata A. A R. Zool. Satnarang, pi. 11, f. 33a, b.
Triforis exilis Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 10, pi. 2, f. 9.

Deshima (Dkr.).
Triforis conspersus (A. Ad.) E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag.. 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 108.

Cape Shima, 18 fath., sand (St. John).
Triforis purpuratus n. ap.

Shell purple; cylindric-fusiform, the lower three whorls of nearly
equal diameter, those above tapering to form a long cone somewhat
over one-third the shell's length. Whorls 10, those of the spire
bearing three equal spiral series of rounded beads and a small
smooth thread immediately above the suture; la^t whorl with four
bead-series, the lower one nearly smooth, and on the base two smooth
ribs with clathrate intervals. Aperture as in T. granulata A. & R.,.
but tube very short, not closed. Alt. 5'4, diam. 1*8 mm.

Kamakura (F. Stearns).

Triforis (Viriola) corrugatus Hinds. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 106.

Cape Shima, 18 fathoms, sand (St. John).

Not so stout a shell as the next species, judging by Singapore
specimens before me.

Triforis (Viriola) tricinota Dkr. (cingulata Dkr. not Ad.; dunkeri Jous«.) Moll.
Jap., pi. 2, f. 1.

Kamakura, Tatagama, Boshiu, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns); N.
shore of Tango (Gaines).

Dunker's figures of a young shell give but a poor idea of the adult
of this fine species. The three names given above are all founded
on the one original description of Dunker.

PLANAXID-E.
Flanaxis pyramidalis Gmel. Nagasaki (Lischke, J. M.C., II, p. 70).

Planaxis suloatus Born. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 104; Man. Conch. IX, p.
276.

Shore at Ooshima (St. John).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VERMETID^E. 59

Planaxis cingulatus Gld. Otia Conch., p. 140.

Ousima, under stones below water-mark (Stirnpson).

TRICHOTROPIDJE.

Trichotropis cedo-nulli A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 7 a, b.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. ; Goto Is., 48 fms. (Adams).
Trichotropis bicarinata Broderip & Sby. Conch. Icon., XIX, p!. 1. f. 2.

Aniwa Bay, 17 fms. (Ad.).
Trichotropis borealis Brod. & Sowb. Thes., Ill, p. 321, pi. 285, f. 1-3.

Castle Point, Manchuria, 37 fms. (A. Ad.).
Trichotropis inermis Hinds. Thes., Ill, p. 321, pi. 285, f. 14.

Okosiri Island, 35 fms. (A. Ad.).

Trichotropis insignis Middendorff. Mai. Rossica, II, p. 107, pi. 10, f. 7-9; Ann.
Mag. N, H., 1875, XVI, p. 103.

Akishi, 3 to 4 fath. (St. John) ; Aniwa Bay (Ad.).
Trichotropsis unicarinata Brod. & Sowb. Conch. Icon.. XIX, pi. 2, f. 8.

Yamada Harbor, 7 fms. (St. John).
Trichotropis quadricarinata A. Ad. Conch. Icon., pi. 2, f. 9 a, b.

Mino-Shima (A. Adams).

Separatista separatista Dillwyn (S. chemnitzii A. Ad.). Dkr., Index, pi. 2, f. 1,
2.

Nemoto, Bishiu (Stearns).

VERMETID.K.
Thylacodes imbricatus Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 17, pi. 2, f. 18; J. M. C., I, p. 83.

Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) : Deshima (Nuhn) ; Manchurian and
and Japanese coasts (A. Ad.). Lives on stones.
Thylacodes nodosorugosus Lischke. J. M. C., I, p. 84, pi. 5, f. 1-4.

Ohosaka, on Tridacna squamosa (Lischke).

Thylacodes medusae Pilsbry. Plates IV, and V.
Proc. A. N. S., Phila., 1891, p. 471, pi. 17, 18.

Saruga coast, on shells (Stearns).

A large species, nearly always living in clusters, attached gener-
ally to shells. The young form an irregular spiral, the whorls of
which rest prone upon the base of attachment. As the tube increases
in diameter it becomes carinated on the lower outer portion, or the
part corresponding to the " shoulder " of the whorl in a regularly
spiral gasteropod. At this stage the whorls become more laxly
coiled, and when not too closely clustered, present the appearance of

60 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VERMETID^.

such planorboid forms as T. masier Dh., T. atra Rouss, etc. This
stage is shown in the cluster pictured on pi. IV. The subsequent
growth is erect and but slightly spiral, the tube generally contracting
slightly in diameter, and cylindrical in form. The sculpture consists
of narrow longitudinal cords at rather wide intervals, the spaces
being occupied by a variable number of threads, (usually three) of
which the middle one is larger. Irregular growth-lines crennlate
the longitudinals. This sculpture is normally develoj>ed upon all
sides of the tube. Upon the latter part of the free portion it is often
subobsolete. The aperture is circular in adult shells, at right angles
to the tube, and white within. The external surface is of a pale
brown tint. No internal septa were found in numerous broken spec-
imens; and although the shells were apparently alive when collected,
no opercula were preserved in them, the absence of this organ being
one of the characteristics of Thylacodes.

The dimensions may be seen in the figures, which are of natural
size. The diameter of the tubes at the aperture averages 13 mm.

The embryonic shell, at the time it becomes attached, isbulimiform,
glossy and smooth ; lying upon its side. The first whorl formed
after attachment takes place is perfectly planorboid, showing the
nuclear shell in the center.

This species differs from Vermetus imbricate Dkr. in lacking the
imbricating growth-striie of that form. As figured by Dunker V.
imbricatus is a planorboid form, like V. masier Dh., atra Rouss, etc.,
but it may possibly be an immature shell.

T. medusce is apparently allied to V. polyphragmus Sassi, F. denti-
Jerus Lam. and V. novce-hollandice Rouss, but it differs from them
in having the sculpture developed over the whole circumference of
the tube, not confined to its upper surface, or the part corresponding
to the base of the shell in ordinary gasteropods, as it is in those spe-
cies.

Spiroglyphus planorbis Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 18, pi. 2, f. 16

Deshima, on T. imbricatiis. (Dkr.).

Siliquaria (Pyxipoma) laotea Linne". Man. Conch., VIII, p. 191, pi. 58, f. 26.
Japan (Dkr.).

Siliquaria (Agathirses) cumingii Morch. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 190, pi. 57, f. 19;

pi. 58, f. 21.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, LITTORINID^. 61

Siliquaria (Agathirses) australis Quoy. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 189.

Nemoto, Boshiu ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns). Many small speci-
mens.
Vermetus tokyoensis n. sp. PI. I, figs. 9, 10, 11.

Shell small, solitary, composed of numerous very slowly enlarging
whorls, oval or round in section, entirely prone, forming an irregu-
lar recumbent spiral, or an amorphous combination of spirals, all in
contact, or the last free at the aperture ; nearly smooth, but showing
in some places irregular concentric costulse or wrinkles; diameter
of whorl at aperture 1J mm. Earlier whorls showing two strong,
rather sharp parietal laminae, and a very slight colurnellar cord ;
the section being rather dumb-bell shaped (fig. 10).

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

TUBRITELLIDJE.

Turritella erosa Couthouy. Bost. Journ. N. H., II, 1839, p. 103, pi. 3, f. 1.

Northern Japan (Schrenck).
Turritella fascialis Mke. Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p. 107.

Goza Harb., 6 fath., sandy mud (St. John).
Turriteila gracillima Gld. Otia Conch., p. 140.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson).

Turritella bacillum Kiener. Japan (Stearns, one dead shell).
Turritella oerea Reeve. C. Icon., pi. 6, f. 25.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

LITTORINIDJE.
Littorina grandis Middendorff. Midd., Reise, p. 198, pi. 11, f. 4-10.

Bay of Castries.
Littorina brevicula Philippi. Conchyl. Cab., p. 100, pi. 14, f. 10, 11.

Nagasaki and Hakodate (Lischke) ; Endermo (St. John).

Littorina mandschurioa Schrenck. Reisen im Amurl., II, p. 333, pi. 14-20; L.
souverbiana Crosse, J. de C., X, p. 53, pi. 1, f. 6, 7, and L. balteata Reeve, Icon.,
X, f. 71, a, b, are identical.

Northern Japan.

Littorina malaccana Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 51, pi. 6, f. 17.
Tokyo (Dkr.).

Littorina exigua Dunker. Moll. Jap., p. 13, pi. 2, f. 13 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 95, pL
13, f. 13-16.

Hachijo-Shima (Satow) ; Nagasaki (Rein) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ;
and Hakodate.

62 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, LITTORINID^.

Littorina sitchana Phil. Abbild., Ill, pi. 6, f. 13, 18.

Coast of Prov. Kii (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).
Littorina subtenebrosa Midd. Reise, II, p. 202, pi. 11, f. 11, 12.

Peninsula Segneka, Ochotch Sea. (Midd.).
Littorina sinenais Phil. Abbild., Ill, pi. 6, f. 23.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Littorina strigata Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 73, pi. 5, f. 22.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Littorina sieboldi Philippi. Abbild., Ill, pi. 6, f. 3.

Japan Sea (Siebold).
Littorina vidua. Otia Conch., p. 1 10.

Oushiraa (Stimp.).
Littorina (Hamus) granularU Gray. Challenger Gastrop., 1873-6, XV, p. 576.

Ooshima.
Fossarina piota A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 312, pi. 19, f. 26.

Tanabe, Oki-no-Shima (Ad.).

Eohinella (1) tectiformis Watson. Challenger Gastrop., 1873-6, XV, p. 578 ; pi.
XLIII, f. 1.

Japan, 565 fathoms, green mud ; Lat. 34° T N., Long. 128° E.
Eohinella ceoillei Philippi. (Littorina). Philippi, Zeitechr., 1851, p. 78.
Liu-Kiu Is. (Largilliert).

Eohinella oumingii Phil. Japan (Stearns, 300 specimens).
Lacuna latifasciata Ad. Ann. Mag., 1863, p. 350.
Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).

Lacuna (Medoria) crassior Montg. Midd., Sib. Reise, pi. 10, f. 10. 11. ( L. gla-

cialis Moll.).

Japan (Dkr.).
Lacuna (Medoria) turrita A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 305 ; 1863, p. 350-

Rifunsiri (Ad.).
Lacuna (Epheria) divaricata Fabr. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 286.

Hakodate (Schrenck, as L. vincta).
Lacuna (Epheria) decorata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, 304.

Rifunsiri (Ad.).

Lacuna (Epheria) inflata A. Ad. Rifunsiri (Ad.,?, c.).
Lacuna (Epheria) carinifera Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 225.

Takauo-Shima (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, LITTORINID^E. 63

Lacuna (Epheria) lepidula Ad. Ann. Mag., 1863, XI, p. 350.
Seto-Uchi, Akasi, 15 fms. (Ad.).

Lacuna unicarinata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 104.
North Japan, on a littoral species of Sargassuin (St. John).

Lacuna (Cithna) globosa A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 113.

Seto-Uchi, Harima Nado (Ad.).
Lacuna (Cithna) spirata A. Ad. L- c., same localities.
Lacuna oxytropis Pilsbry. PI. VIII, fig. 1.

Shell acutely turbinate, rather thin, widely umbilicated, yellow-
ish-brown, becoming olive on the spire ; surface covered with a thin
epidermis, sculptured by slight fine growth-lines only. Spire elevated,
acute ; whorls 4 £, convex, separated by deep sutures, the last whorl
with an acute pinched peripheral keel, which becomes obsolete at
aperture, but extends up the spire immediately above the sutures.
Aperture half round, outer lip well curved, inner lip about straight,
retracted in the middle, thin ; umbilicus rather large and deep, ex-
cavated, brown, and rather roughly longitudinally striate within,
bounded by a very acute keel. Alt. 6£, diam. 5 mm. ; apert. ob-
lique alt. 4, width 3'7 mm.

Tokyo Harbor (F. Stearns).

Lacuna smithii Pilsbry. PI. VIII, fig. 2.

Shell ovate, smooth, yellow, with white or white-edged apical
whorls, and usually a white peripheral band ; surface marked by
growth-lines and some irregular wrinkles. Spire elevated but ex-
tremely obtuse; whorls 4, the latter 1? demarked from the preced-
ing by a dark line, the earlier whorls forming a depressed-globose,
low-spired embryonic shell. Last whorl keeled at periphery, the
keel becoming obsolete toward the lip, not visible on the whorls of
the spire. Aperture oblique-ovate, inner lip arcuate and retracted
in the middle ; umbilicus moderate, pure white, deeply penetrating,
surrounded by a very acute brown keel, excavated within. Alt. 5*6,
diam. 4'2 mm. ; aperture, oblique alt. 3'6, width 2*5 mm.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

A very obtuse shell, less transversely inflated than L. stenotomor-
pha and with narrower umbilicus. This species is named in honor
of Mr. E. A. Smith, whose contributions to our knowledge of Japan-
ese shells have been of great extent and value.

64 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, FOSSARID^E.

Lacuna stenotomorpha Pilsbry. PI. VIII, fig. 3.

Shell small, smooth, yellow, with a white band at periphery and
another below the suture ; depressed, oblique, with large, open, ex-
cavated white umbilicus. Spire low, last whorl very rapidly enlarg-
ing, descending in front, rounded at periphery. Aperture ovate,
oblique, small ; outer lip well curved, inner lip nearly straight.
Umbilicus deep, encircled by an acute keel, excavated on its inner
surface. Alt. 4, diam. 4 mm. ; aperture, oblique alt. 3, width 2 mm.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

In this species the form approaches Stenotis laxata. The last
whorl is marked off from those preceding by a dark line, probably
indicating the end of the larval stage. This is visible in the two-
other species herein described, but I do not notice it in the North
Atlantic or Californian Lacunas. This feature may indicate a sect-
ion or subgenus, which may be called Sublacuna.
Lacuna (Stenotis) laxata A. Ad. Journ. de Conchy]., 1868, p. 54, pi. 4, f. 7.

Idzuma-Nada, Inland Sea, 17 fms. ; Yobuko, W. coast of Kiushiu,.
14 fms. (Ad.).

F088ARIDJE.

Fossarus costatus Brocchi. Conch. Foss.Subap., p. 300, pi. 11, f. 11 ; Fossar japon-
icw«A. Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 139.

Kuro-Shima, Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Fossarus trochlearis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1853, p. 187.
O-Shima (Ad.).

Fossarus fenestratus A. Ad. O-Shima (Ad.).
Couthouya deoussata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 410.

Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Couthouya reticulate A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1853, p. 186 (Fossar).

Seto-Uchi, Uraga (Ad.).

Couthouya striatula and C. plicifera A. Ad. Yobuko (Ad., I c.)
Isapis lirate A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 120.

Mino-Shima, Uraga (A. Ad.).
Isapis conoidea A. Ad. Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Conradia cingulifera A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 410.

Mino-Shima, Uraga (Ad.).

Conradia carinifera A. Ad. Mino-Shima, Goto (Ad., I. c.).
Conradia clathrata A. Ad. Tsu-Shima, Goto (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, SOLARIID^E, ETC. 65

Conradia pulchella Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 307.

Tsu-Shiraa, Goto (Ad.).
Conradia doliaris Ad. Seto-Uchi (Ad., I c.).
Conradia tornata A. Ad. Goto Is. (Ad., L c.).
Gotoina sulcifera and pyrgula A. Ad. Goto Is.

SOLABIIDJE.

Solarium perspectivum Linne. Man. Conch IX, p. 8. Nagasaki (Lischke).

Solarium maximum Phil. Japan (Stearns).

Solarium quadriceps Hinds. Nagasaki (Lischke).

Solarium cingulum Kiener. Hazaburo, Boshiu coast (Stearns).

Solarium conulum var. japonicum P. & S. Hazaburo, Boshiu coast (Stearns).

Shell similar in form to S. conulum Weink. ; dark purple-brown
above and below, the peripheral (supra-sutural) and subperipheral
cords white, closely articulated with orange-brown ; umbilical cord
white. Alt. 8?, diam. 10 mm. ; sometimes larger.
Torinia dorsuosa Hinds. Japan (Dkr.).

RISSOELLIDJE.

Eissoella omphalotropis, vesicalis, spiralis A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, p. 332,
333.

Sado, 30 fms. (Ad.).

Eissoella vitrina, hydrophana A. Ad. (Ibid). Tabu-Shima, 25 fms.
Rissoella minima, mundula A. Ad. (Ibid}. Tsu-Shima, 26 fms.
Eissoella turgidula A. Ad. (Ibid). Corea Strait, 46 fins.
Eissoella fulgida A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 117.

LITIOPIDJS.
(See Ann. Mag. N. H., 1861, p. 143 ; 1862, p. 296).

Alaba picta, felina, lucida A. Ad. Takano-Shima.
Alaba leucosticta A. Ad. Tabu-Shima.
Alaba cornea A. Ad. Awa-Shima, Takano-Shima.
Alaba zebina, subangulata A. Ad. Tsu-Shima.
Alaba imbricata, inflata A. Ad. 0-Shima.
Diala varia A. Ad. Awa-Shima, Takano-Shima.
Diala sulcifera Ad. 0-Shima, Tanabe.
5

66 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, RISSOID^E.

Diala tenuis E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 105.

N. Japan, on a littoral species of Sargassum. Many specimens
collected by Stearns have egg-capsules (?) on the shell, probably
such as Smith mentions. The shells are larger than Smith's, length
6 mm.
Diala simplex E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 105.

Lat. 41° 12' N., Long. 140° 45' E., 43 fath. (St. John).

KISSOIDJE.
Bissoa (Goniostoma) pupaeformis A. Ad. Ann. Mag.. V, 1860, p. 411.

Mino Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).
Bissoa (Onoba) mundula A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, VIII, p. 136.

Corea Strait, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Bissoa (Onoba) elegantula A. Ad. (Ibid). Gulf of Pechili, 7 fms.
Bissoa (Onoba) elegans A. Ad. Ann. Mag., XI, 1863, p. 348.

Seto-Uchi, 17 fms. ; Yara, 9 fms. (Ad.).

Bissoa (Onoba) procera A. Ad. (Ibid). Yura, 9 fms.; Mososeki, 7 fms. (Ad.).
Bissoa (Onoba) mirifica A. Ad. (Ibid). Kino-o-Shima, Tunabe.
Bissoa (Onoba) bella A. Ad. (Ibid). Yara, 9 fms.
Bissoa (Onoba) spirata A. Ad. (Ibid). Mososeki, 7 fms.
Bissoa (Onoba) patula A. Ad. (Ibid). Yobuko, W. coast of Kiusiu, 14 fms.
Bissoa (Onoba) egregia A. Ad. (Ibid). Seto-Uchi, 17 fins.; Yobuko, 10 fms.
Bissoa (Onoba) lucida A. Ad. (Ibid). 0-Shima.
Bissoa (Onoba) annulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 12, pi. 2, f. 12.

Deshima.

Bissoa (Onoba) ferruginea A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 120.
Bissoa (Hyala) pumila A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1870, VI, p. 123.

Japan (Ad.).

Bissoa (Hyala) glabrata (Phil.) Ad. Japan (Ad.).
Bissoa (Betia) Candida A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VIII, 1861, p. 136.

Sado Island, 30 fms. (Ad.).

Bissoa (Setia) tricincta, bifasciata Ad. Ibid. Awa-Shima, in shell-sand (A. Ad).
Bissoa (Alvania) circinata A. Adams. Ann. Mag. (3), VIII, 1861, p. 137.

Is. of Sado, 30 fms. (Ad.).
Bissoa (Alvania) semicostata A. Ad. t. c., p. 137.
Mino-Shinia, 63 fms. (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, RISSOID^. 67

Kissoa (Alvania) tiarula A. Ad. t. c., p. 137.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Rissoa (Alvania) ferruglnea A. Ad. t. c., p. 138.

Hakodate Bay, 7 fms. (Ad.).
Kissoa concinna A. Ad. Conch. Icon., XX, pi. I, f. 9.

Tsu-Sbima, 26 fms, (Adams).

Rissoa (Alvania) caelata, clathratula, mariella A. Adams. Ann. Mag. (3), VIII,
p. 137, 138.

Tsu-Shima, 16-25 fms. (Ad.).
Eissoa (Alvania) pura Gld. Otia Conch., p. 146.

Simoda (Stimpson).
Rissoina costulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 12.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Rissoina plicatula Gould. Conchyl. Cab., p. 72, pi. 15b, f. 5.

Benin Is. (Stiinpson).
Rissoina (Rissolina) lyrata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 145.

Oushima (Stimpson).
Rissoina (Rissolina) monilifera Nevill. Moll. Ind. Mus., Calcutta, p. 79.

Japan (A. Adams).

Rissoina (Rissolina) canaliculata Schwartz v. Mohrenst. Fam. der Riss., p. 55,

f. 18.

Japan (Dkr.).
Rissoina (Rissolina) subfuniculata Nev. Wcink., C. Cab., pi. 15b, f. 8.

Kachiyama (Dunker).
Rissoina (Microstelma) daedala A. Ad. (3), XI, 1863, p. 348.

Goto Is., 48 fms. (A. Ad.).
Rissoina (Phosinella) cancellata Phil. Man. Conch., IX, p. 381,

Japan (Dkr.).
Rissoina (Phosinella) sagraiana d'Orb. Moll. Cuba, II, p. 25, pi. 12, f. 4, 5.

Deshima (Dkr.).
Rissoina (Phosinella) nitida A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 226.

Japan (Dkr.).
Rissoina (Zebinella) concinna A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 118.

Japan (Dkr.).
Rissoina (Zebinella) adamsiana Wkff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 67, pi. 15a, f. 4.

Kachiyama, 25 fath., sand (Dkr.).

68 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, RISSOID^E.

Bissoina (Moerchiella) spirata Sowb. Man. Conch., p. 388.
Rissoina (Moerchiella) striolata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1851, p. 266.

Japan (Dkr.). A synonym of It. spirata Sowb. according to
Tryon.
Rissoina (Moerchiella) japonica Wkff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 65, pi. 15a, f. 1.

Japan (Weinkauff ; Nevill).
Eissoina (Zebina) subulina Wkff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, pi. 15a, f. 3.

Japan (A. Adams).
Rissoina (Fyramidelloides) miranda A. Ad. Conchyl. Cab., p. 69, p). 15a, f. 8.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

Rissoina (Stossichia) pseudoconcinna Nevill. Hand-List Moll. Ind. Mus., p. 98;
Conchyl. Cab., p. 85, pi. 15a, f. 8.

Japan (A. Ad.). Syn.: R. concinna Sowb. not Ad.
Hydrobia plicosa E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVT, p. 104.
Auomori, 7 fathoms (St. John).

Iravadia trochlearis Gould. Conchyl. Cab., p. 72, pi. 15b, f. 2.
Deshima, Nagasaki (Nuhn).

Fenella pupoides A. Ad. Journ. de Conch., XVI, p. 47, pi. 4, f. 5.

Takano-Shima, Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Fenella fusca A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 119. (Dunkeria).

Tabu-Shima, Sea of Japan, 25 fathoms (Ad.).

Fenella scabra A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, p. 421. (Dunkeria).
Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. (Ad.).

Fenella ferruginea A. Ad. Ibid. (Dunkeria).
Sado, 30 fms.

Fenella asperulata, pulchella A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 18 60, p. 120 (Dunkeria).
Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Fenella rufocincta A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, p. 300. (Dunkeria).
Moso-Seki, Takano-Shima (Ad.).

Fenella reticulata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, p. 422. ( Dunkeria).
Awa-Shima, low water (Ad.).

Fenella craticulata A. Ad. Mino-Shima, 63 fins. (Ad.).
Putilla Incida A. Ad. Man. Conch., IX, p. 396, pi. 60, f. 85.

Goto Is. (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CAPULID^E, ETC. 69

Scaliola bella Ad. Journ. de Conch., XVI, p. 53, pi. 4, f. 6.

OffTabu-Shima, 25 fms. ; Takauo-Shima, at Tatiyama (Ad.).

Scaliola arenosa A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 421.

O-Shima, Tanabe, Simoda (Ad.).
Scaliola glareosa A. Ad. 1. c., p. 421.

Tsu-Shima, Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Scaliola gracilis A. Ad. Ibid. Goto Is. (Ad.).

SKENEIDJE.
Skenea cornuella A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 412.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

ASSIMINEIDJE.
Assiminea japonica v. Marts. Jahrb. D. M. G., 1887, p. 182.

Yokohama, brackish water.
Assiminea castanea West. Yega-Exp. Vetenskap. lattag., IV, p. 210, pi. 5, f. 26.

Yokohama (Vega Exp.).
Assiminea atomaria Phil. Abbild., II, p. 136, pi. 2, f. 6 (Paludina).

Japan (Nevill) ; Tokyo Harbor, Kamakura (Stearns).
Assiminea cincta A. Ad. Jahrb. D. M. G., 1887, p. 169.

Japan (Paetel).
Assiminea subcornea Ner. Jahrb. D. M. G., 1887, p. 205.

Japan ? (Nevill).
Assiminea savatieri Mabille (Anculotus).

Kamakura (Stearns). The radula resembles that of A. francesi,
but the admedian teeth are not divided as TroschePs figure shows.

CAPULID*;.

Capulus badius Dkr. Index, p. 124, pi. 13, f. 15-17.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).
Capulus japonicus A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1861, p. 168.

Mino Shima (Ad.).

Capulus (Capulacmsea) dilatatus A. Ad. Index, p. 124, pi. 12, f. 12-14 ; Ann.
Mag., 1860, p. 422.

Mino-Shima.

Capulus (Capulacmaea) radiatus Sars. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 132, pi. 40, f. 86, 87
(Pilid. commodum Midd.)

Capulus (Amathina) tricostata Gmel. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 133.
Kobe, 8 fathoms, mud (Chall.).

70 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CAPULTD^E, ETC.

Capulus (Amathina) angustata Souv. Japan (Dkr., Index, p. 125).
Capulus (Amathina) nobilis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 312, pi. 19, f. 27.
Saghalien I.

Crepidula grandis Midd. Dkr., Index, p. 123, pi. 6, f. 1, 2.

Akishi, 3 fath. (St. John) ; Kishiu (Stearns).

Crepidula aculeata Qinel. Inland Sea, Kisbiu and Enoshima (Stearns) ; KobS, 8 to
50 fathoms (Challenger) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Crepidula walchi Herrm. Calyptrsea plana Ads. A Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 11,
f. 3.

Japan (Stearns).
Crepidula lamellosa A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 297.

Goto Is. (A. Ad.).

HIPPONICIDJE.
Hipponyx pilosus Desh. Moll. Jap., p. 15; J. M. C., II, p. 78.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Yokohama (Martens).

Hipponyx foliaceus Q. A, G. Zool. Astrol., Ill, p. 439, pi. 72, f. 41-45.

Near Enoshima (Stearns).
Hipponyx australis Q. & G. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 136.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; near Enoshima, Awa
coast (Stearns, abundant on Hallotis giganted)-, Hakodate (Schrenck)

XENOPHOEIDJE.
Xenophora exuta Reeve. C. Syst., II, pi. 225, f. 9, 10.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; E. Coast Nippon (Stearns).
Xenophora pallidula Reeve. Jap. M.C., III, pi. 3, f. 1-3.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; E. Coast Nippon (Stearns).

Xenophora solarioides Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 50, pi. 17, f. 6.

Japan (Dkr.).

VANIKORIDJE.

Vanikoro canoellata Lam. Narica cancellata Dkr., Index, p. 126.

Japan Sea (Dkr.).
Vanikoro japonica n. sp. PI. I, figs. 5, 5.

Shell globose, about as high as wide, solid, white ; spire convex,
low ; whorls 3, rapidly increasing, the last sculptured with many
subequal spiral cords as wide as their microscopically spirally
striated intervals, decussated by growth-wrinkles ; but at its origin

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, NATICID^E. 71

showing three prominent keels. Young shells having three strong
keels with latticed intervals, the pits oblong and very deep, base
with two low spirals ; when a diam. of 5 or 6 mm. is reached the
lattice becomes more superficial, the primary keels decrease and in-
termediate lirse appear. Aperture large, outer lip forming a half-
circle, columella less arched, moderately calloused ; umbilicus pene-
trating to apex, but a mere perforation at all stages of growth ; nar-
rowly but distinctly grooved behind the columellar lip. Alt. 16,
diam. 16 mm.

Chikewa, Boshiu (Stearns).

The narrow vertical pits of the earlier whorls are peculiar, and
very unlike the square pits of the young V. cancellata. The latter,
moreover, is not tricarinate in the young state.

Vanikoro scalarina Gld. Otia, p. 110.
Loo Choo (Stimpson).

NATICID.K.

Natica taeniata Menke. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, pi. 4, f. 62, 64.
Chikiwa, Boshiu (Stearns).

Natica pellistigrina Chernn. Man. Conch,, VIII, p. 16, pi. 2, f. 33.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Dkr.).
Natica colliei Reel. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 427.

Matoza Harb., 6 fath., sand (St. John).

Natica concinna Dunker. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 14, pi. 2, f. 21 ; N. bicincta, Schrenck,
Amurl. Moll., p. 377, pi. 17, f. 1-3.

Deshima and Yedo (Dkr.) ; Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Japan
(Stearns).

Tryon considers concinna Dkr. and bicincta Sch. as synonyms of
colliei Reel. There cannot be much doubt that the former two are
specifically identical.

Natica lurida Phil. Chikiwa, Boshiu (Stearns, typical specimens).

Natica adamsiana Dkr. Dkr., Index, p. 61, pi. 13, f. 5, 6; Moll. Jap., p. 14, p'. 2,

f. 20.

Banda, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Deshima (Dkr.).

Natica janthostoma Desh. Rve., C. Icon., pi. 18, f. 79.

Banda, Boshiu (Stearns) ; Nemero, E. Yedo (St. John) ; Yedo,
Hakodate (Lischke).

72 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, NATICID^E.

Natica clausa Brod. A Sowb. (/ affinia Gmel.). Shantar I. (Schrenck). Compare
preceding and following forms.

Natica operculata Jeffreys. P. Z. S., 1885, p. 34, pi. 4, f. 7, 7a.
North Japan (St. John).

Polinices1 melanostoma Ginel. Man. Conch. VIII, p. 50.

Japan (Stearns).

Polinices simiee Desh. Rve., Conch. Icon., pi. 17, f. 76 ; pi. 22, f. 98a, b (Good !)
Polinices powisianus Recluz. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 42; Dkr., Index, p. 62.

Yokohama (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Polinices powisianus v. draparnaudii Reel. Japan (Stearns).

The single specimen secured by Mr. Stearns differs from N.powi-
siana var. draparnaudii Reel, in having the spiral umbilical funicle
very heavy and strong, much more filling the umbilicus, and the
edge of the umbilicus is produced in a very strong spiral bounding
rib.

Polinices mamilla Linn. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 49.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns). Lischke reports the synonym or
variety pyriformis Reel, from Bay of Yedo.
Polinices (Lunatia) reiniana Dkr. Index, p. 62, pi. 4, f. -I :.. 16.

Japan (Dkr.).

Polinices (Lunatia) severa Old. Otia Conch., p. 109.

Hakodate Bay (Stimpson).
Compare Neverita reiniana Dkr.

Polinices pallidus B. A S. Shantar I. (Schrenok).

Polinices (Neverita) ampla Phil. Ph., Conch. Cab. ed. 2, pi. 6, f. 2; Tryon, Man-
ual Conch., VIII, p. 32.

Tokyo to Enoshima, Henda, Shibo, Boshiu (Stearns).
The extensive synonymy of this magnificent Neverita has been
ably discussed by Tryon.

Amaura ( Acrybia) flava Gld. (aperta Lov6n). Midd., Reise I, p. 206, pi. 9, f. 1-3.
Sigaretus inscnlptns Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 55, pi. 13, f. 10.
Wakayama, Inland Sea (Dkr.).

1 Montfort, Conch. Syst., II, p. 222. This genus contains Naticas with cor-
neous operculum, the term Natica being restricted to species with the opercu-
lum shelly. The type of Polinices is Natica mamillaris Lam.: not N. mam-
milla Linn, as Dall states ; Montfort's Polinices albus being identical with
the former species.

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, ADEORBIID^E. 73

Sigaretus undulatus Lischke. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 54, pi. 3, f. 11-14.

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Yedo (Lischke).
Sigaretus japonicus Lischke. Jap. M. C., Ill, p. 55, pi. 3, f. 15-17.

Yedo (Lischke).

Sigaretus (Eunaticina) papilla Gmelin. Conchyl. Cab., p. 38, pi. 9, f. 4-6 ; pi.

10, f. 8.

Yokohama (Steams) ; Bay of Yedo (Lisohke) ; Deshima (Nuhn).
Velutina cryptospira Midd. Man. Conch. VIII, p. 67.
Inland Sea (Stearns).

ADEORBIIDJE.

(For descriptions and figures see also Man. Conch. X, p. 83-87.)
Adeorhis planus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 4.

Japan.
Adeorbis depressus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 6, a, b.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Adeorbis orbellus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 9.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Adeorbis clausus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 14 a, b.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Adeorbis japonicus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 11.

Goto Is. (Adams).
Adeorbis prominulus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 13.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Adeorbis nanulus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 18.

Mino-Shima (Adams).
Adeorbis trochulus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 8.

Goto Is. (Adams).
Adeorbis patruelis A. Ad, Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 21 a, b.

Mino-Shirna (Adams).
Adeorbis subangulatus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19. pi. 2, f. 19.

Goto Is. (Adams).
Adeorbis oarinatus A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 10 a, b.

Seto-Uchi (Adams).
Archytaea suturale A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, (Adeorbis) pi. 2, f. 15 a, b.

Tsu-Shima (Adams).

74 JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, TANTHINID^E.

Archytsea corniculum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, (Adeorbis) pi. 2, f. 16 n. b.
Mino-Shima (Adams).

Archytaea diaphanum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, (Adeorbis) pi. 2, f. 20 a, b.
Goto Is. (Adams).

IANTHINIDJE.

lanthina fragilis Lam. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

lanthina fragilis Lam. var. planispirata A. A R. Voy. Samarang Zool., pi. 11, f.
10.

Japan (Stearns).

lanthina balteata Reeve. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
lanthina exigua Lam. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, pi. 10, f. 17.

Japan (Stearns),
lanthina globosa Swains. Tryon, Man. Conch., IX, pi. 10, f. 11-14.

Japan (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Some specimens are pure white.

8CALIDJE.

Soala pallasii Kiener. Thes., p. 83, pi. 32, f. 16;

Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Scala aculeata Sowb. The?., p. 86, f. 35-37.

Tsu-Shima, 16 fms. (Ad.) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Scala replicata Sowb. Thes., p. 84, f. 23, 24.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Scala obliqua Sowb. Thes., p. 89, f. 69.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Scala muricata Kiener. Thes., p. 86, f. 29, 31, 32.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Scala pulcherrima Sowb. Thes., p. 97, f. 92.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Scala lineolata Sowb. Thes., p. 91, f. 45, 46, 48.
Scala trifasciata de Haan. Thes., f. 44.

Tokyo Harbor, Yokohama (Stearns).
Scala latefasciata Sowb. C. Icon., f. 11 7a.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Scala japonica Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 13, pi. 1, f. 13.

Deshima (Nuhn).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, SCALID^E. 75

Scala angusta Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 13, pi. 1, f. 11.

Deshima (Nuhn).
Scala lyra Sowb. Thes., p. 89, f. 38, 39, 81, 82.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Scala aurita Sowb. Kamakura, Yokohama, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Scala immaculata Sowb. Japan (Dkr.).
Scala acuminata Sowb. Thes., p. 106, f. 130.
Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Scala rubrolineata Sowb. Thes., p. 91, f. 83, 84; Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 479.
Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Scala turricula Sowb. (?). Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

The specimens are probably not this West Indian species, but
seem nearer it than anything else.
Scala irregularis Sowb. Thes., p. 90, f. 40, 60.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Scala trabeculata, fimbriata, optabilis, elegantula, spiralis, liliputana A. Ad.
Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 480, 481.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms.

Scala praeclara A. Ad. Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad., I. c.).
Scala eximia Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 11, f. 16.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).

Scala soluta A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 296.
Port Lindsay (A. Ad.).

Scala hexagona Sowb. Thes., p. 198. f. 67.

Awa-Shima, in shell-sand (Ad.).
Scala elenensis Sowb. Thes., p. 98, f. 102.

Mino-Shima, 63 fins. (Ad.).
Scala casta A. Ad. Man. Conch. IX, p. 67.

Yokohama, Tokyo Harbor, Kamakura (Stearns).
Scala pumila A. Ad. Conch. Icon., XIX, pi. 11, f. 79.

Japan (Adams).
Scala tenuilirata Sby. Conch. Icon., XIX, pi. 15, f. 118.

Japan (Sby.).
Scala (Amaea) magnifica Sowb. Thes. p. 102, f. 103.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

76 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, SCALID^K.

Scala (Amaea) kieneri Canefri. (decussata Sowb., not Lam.; gowerbyi Dkr.)
Thes., p. 103, f. 140.

Mino-Shima, 63 fras. (Ad.).
Scala (Amsea) immaoulata Sowb. Thes., p. 93, f. 58.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Scala (Cirsotrema) sulcata Sowb. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Scala (Cirsotrema) bioarinata Sowb., crassilabmm Sowb., turbonilla A. Ad.
Mino-Sbima, 63 fms. (Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861, VIII, p. 482, 483).

Soala (Cirsotrema) suturalis Hinds., undulata Sowb. Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).

Scala (Cirsotrema) cribraria A. Ad. Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (A. Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861,
p. 483).

Scala (Constantia)elegans A. Ad. (S.jucunda Canefri) Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Scala (Constantia) tantilla A. Ad. Tabu-Shima (A. Ad.).
Scala (Opalia) exquisita A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1864, p. 310.

Goto Is.

Soala (Opalia) lamellosa Lam. Tryon, Man., IX, p. 74.
Yokohama ; Kamakura (Stearns).
I cannot distinguish these from Atlantic specimens.

Scala (Opalia) oohtensis Midd. Sib. Reese, p!. 12, f. 12-14.
Nichta Bay, Ochotch Sea.

Crossea miranda A. Ad. J. de Conch., XVI, 1868, p. 55, pi. 4, f. 9.

Goto Is. (Ad.).

Crossea bellula A. Ad. L. c. p. 56, pi. 4, f. 10. Same locality.

Eglisia cumingii A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1850, p. 204.
Japan (Ad.).

Aclis (lolaea) scitula A. Ad. Journ. de Conch., 1868, pi. 4, f. 3.
Mino-Shima ; Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Aclis (lolaea) amabilis A. Ad. 0-Sima ; Tanabe ; Goto (Ad.).

Aclis (lolaea) sculptilis A. Ad. Mino-Shima; Tobuko (Ad.).

Aclis labiata, cingulata, lirata, sulcata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 118.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Aclis (Ebala) virginea, vestalis A. Ad. Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad., J.c.p. 119).
Aclis (Ebala) scintillans A. Ad. Sado (Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 43).
Aclis crystallina, fulgida A. Ad. Tsu-Shima (Ad., Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 43).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, EULIMID^E. 77

EULIMID.E.

Eulima robusta A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 271, pi. 68, f. 25.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Eulima mundula A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 272, pi. 68, f. 26.

Tsu-Shima, 16-26 fms. (Ad.).

Eulima clavula, curvata. stylata, pinguicula, acicularis, flexa, valida, odon-
toidea, chrysallida, debilis, indeflexa A. Adams. Ann. Mag. N. H., VII, 1861,
p. 125-128.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.). All unfigured and wretchedly de-
scribed.
Eulima pandata, dentaliopsis A. Ad. 1. c. Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).

Eulima reclinata, stenostoma, semitorta, eburnea A. Ad., ;. c. Tabu-Shima, 25

fms. (Ad.).

Eulima angulata, scitula A. Ad. I c. Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Eulima carneola Grid. Otia Conch., p. 148.

Oushima (Stimpson).
Eulima cumingii Sowb. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 267.

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Euiima (Leiostraca) vincta A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 280, pi. 20, f. 77.
Bingo-Nada ; Harima-Nada (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) nivea A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 281, pi. 20, f. 84.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. ; Goto ; Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) pura A. Ad. Man. Conch., XIII, p. 281, pi. 20, f. 85.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. ; Mino-Shima, 63 fms. ; Asaki and Mososeki,
Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) paxillus A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 281, pi. 20, f. 86.

Mino-Shima ; Goto, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Sowerby makes Leiostraca clara A. Ad. a synonym.

Eulima (Leiostraca) marise A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 281, pi. 70, f. 87.
Eulima (Leiostraca) turgidula A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 128, 1861.

Tsu Shima, 16 fms.; Goto (Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) lanceata A. Ad. 1. c. Seto-Uchi; Mino-Shima; Goto (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) mixa, leachii, spiculum, labiata A. Ad., 1. c. Mino-Shima,

63 fms. (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) clavella A. Ad., I c. p. 129.
Sado, 30 fms., on nullipore (Ad.).

78 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, EULIMIDjE.

Eulima (Leiostraca) nitida A. Ad., I. c. Okosiri, 25 fms. ; Yobuko.

Eulima (Leiostraca) mindorensis Ads. & Rve. Zool. Sainarang, pi. 11, f. 25.

Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) hastata, subulina, picturata, bizona A. Ad. Journ. Linn.
Sou., VII. p. 85, 87, 88.

Goto, 48 fms. (A. Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) lepida A. Ad. Ibid, p. 85.
Seto-Uchi ; Yobuko (A. Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) miranda, oberon, crystallina, pusio, nana, cigenda, inqui-
nata, spreta A. Ad. Ibid, pp. 85, 86, 89, 90.

.Yobuko (A. Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) metulina, ezigua, circinata, taeniata, tantilla A. Ad.
Ibid, p. 86, 87, 88.

Akasi, Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) pistillum A. Ad. Ibid, p. 86.
Harima-Nada, Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.)

Eulima (Leiostraca) pusilla. pygmaea. cinctella, scitula A. Ad. Ibid, p. 86.
Mososeki, Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) ariel A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861.
Bingo-Nada, Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraoa) pumila, balteata, gracilenta A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII,
p. 87.

Uraga.

Eulima (Leiostraca) bilineata Ads. & Rve. Samamng, pi. 11, f. 24.

Uraga ; Seto-Uchi (Ad.) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; L. bivittata
Ads., Genera.
Eulima (Leiostraca) lentiginosa A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 90.

O-Shima, Mososeki, Seto-Uchi.

Eulima (Leiostraca) conspurcata A. Ad. Ibid, Takano-Shima (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) bifascialis A. Ad. Ibid, p. 88.
Bingo-Nada; Suwo-Nada (Ad.).

Eulima (Leiostraca) interrupta A. Ad. Ibid, p. 89.

O-Shirua (Ad.).
Eulima (Leiostraca) crassula A. Ad. Ibid, p. 90.

O Shima.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^E. 79

Eulima (Apicalia) gibba A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 295.

Goto Is.

Eulima (Muoronalia) bicincta A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 301.

Mino-Shima, 63 fras. (Ad.).
Eulima (Mucronalia) exilis A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 295.

Mososeki, Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Eulima (Mucronalia) laotea A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., VII, p. 91, 1864.

Tanabe (A. Ad.).
Eulima (Mucronalia) subula A. Ad. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., VII, 1864, p. 91.

Simoda (Ad.).

Eulima (Selma) succiniola A. Ad. Z, c. 0-Shima (Ad.).
Eulima (Styliferina) orthochila A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), VI, p. 335.

Tsu-Shima, on Asterias (A. Ad.).

Eulima (Styliferina) gonochila A. Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima, on Ophiura (A. Ad.).
Eulima (Styliferina) lepida A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 299.

Yobuko (Ad.).

Amaurella japonica A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 286, pi. 70, f. 16.

Corea Strait. Originally described as Macrocheilus.
Amaurella glabrata A. Ad. I c., f. 12 ; P. Z. S., 1867, p. 311.

Takano-Shima, (Ad.).
Amaurella semistriata A. Ad. t. c., p. 287, pi. 70, f. 17.

Oki-no-Shima (Ad.).
Niso interrupta Sowb. Thes., II, p. 801, pi. 170, f. 9.

Mino-Shima, Siraonoseki (Ad.).
Niso brunnea Sowb. Thes., II, p. 801, pi. 170, f. 13.

Miiio-Shima (Dkr.).

PYBAMIDELLID.K.

The systematic values of the groups of this family are here given
according to Try on and Fischer, but there are undoubtedly more
genera. Most of the species enumerated below are not recognizably
described. See for the figured ones, Tryon, Man. Conch, vol. VIII.

Pyramidella pulchella A. Ad. Obeliscus. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232 ; Thes., II, p. 807,
pi. 171, f. 31, 32 j Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 427.

Goza Harbor, 6 fath. (St. John) ; Mososeki (A. Ad.) ; Bay of
Yedo (Lischke).

80 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^E.

Pyramidella teres A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232 ; Th«a., II, p. 807, pi. 171, f. 31,
32.

Mino Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella balteata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232 ; Thes., pi. 171, f. 25.

Yobuko, Uraga (Ad.).
Pyramidella pusilla A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232; The«. II, pi. 171, f. 7.

O Shima, Takanoshima (Ad.).
Pyramidella eburnea A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232.

O-Shiraa (Ad.).
Pyramidella trifasciata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232.

Uraga, Mososaki (Ad.).
Pyramidella vitrea A. Ad. (Syrnola, Obeliscm). P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232.

Uraga, Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).
Pyramidella (Tiberia) nitidula Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232 ; Thes., pi. 171, f. 7.

Mino-Shima, 63 fath., Oshima, 25 fath. (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Otopleura) mitralis A. Ad. Tryon, Man. Conch., VII, p. 305. pi.

73, f. 94.

Japan (Stearns).

Pyramidella (Lonchaeus) sulcata A. Ad. Tryon, Man. Conch., VIII, p. 301, p1.

72, f. 79.

Japan (Stearns).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) solidula Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 15, pi. 1, f. 5.
Deshima (Dkr.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) hyalina Dkr. t. c., pi. 1, f. 9.
Deshima, (Dkr.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) tenuisculpta Lischke. Jap. Metres-Conch., Ill, p. 58, pi.

3, f. 7, 8.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Pyramidella (Syrnola ;> acioulata A. Ad. P. Z. S., p. 223, 1862; Man. Conch.,
VIII, p. 306, pi. 73, f. 10.

Tauabe (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) bizonalis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233.
Miuo-Shima (Adams).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) elegans A. [Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233; Man. Conch.
VIII, p. 306, p. 73, f. 7.

O-Shima, Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^E. 81

Pyramidella (Syrnola) lactea A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 234.
O-Shima,

Pyramidella (Syrnola) cinctella Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232 : Man. Conch. VIII,
pi. 307, p. 73, f. 14; Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 427.

O Shirna, Seto-Uchi (Ad.) ; Matoza Harbor, 6 fms ; sand, (St.
John) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) brunea A. Ad P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233; Man. Conch., VIII,
p. 306, pi. 73, f. 8. 9.

O Shima (Ad.) ; Bishiu (Stearns). P.fulva Sowb. is a synonym.
Pyramidella (Syrnola) buxea Gld. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 234.

Takano-Shima (Stimp.).
Pyramidella (Syrnola) columnella A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 235.

Seto-Uchi, Mososeki.

Pyramidella (Syrnola) cylindrella A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 234; Man. Conch.,
VIII, p. 307, pi. 73, f. 17.

Takano-Shima (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) deedala A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 235.
Uraga.

Pyramidella (Syrnola) gracillima A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233; Man. Conch.,
VIII, p. 307, pi. 73, f. 13.

Mino-Shima, Uraga (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Syrnola) mera A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 232.

Mino-Shima, O-Shima.
Pyramidella (Syrnola) pistillum A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 234.

Yobuko (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) pupina A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233.
Mososaki, Mino-Shima (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) serotina A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 234; Man. Conch., VIII,
p. 308, pi. 73, f. 21.

Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Syrnola) striatula A. Ad. Thee., p. 812, pi. 171, f. 29.

Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Syrnola) subulina A, Ad. P.Z. S., 1862, p. 234; Man. Conch., VIII,
p. 308, pi. 73, f. 23.

Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Syrnola) teretiuscula A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233.

Tsu-Shima, 15 fath. (Ad.).
6

82 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^.

Pyramidella (Amathis) virgo A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1861, VIII, p. 304.
Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.). Described as Myonia.

Pyramidella (Amathls) producte A. Ad. (Odoatomia). Ann. Mag. N. H., VI,

1860, p. 416.

Sado, 30 fms., Tabu-Shiraa, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Amathis) pellucida, eburnea, conoinna A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1361,
VIII, p. 304.

Pyramidella (Oscilla) cingulata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 296.

Takano-Shima (Ad.). Described as Monoptygma.
Pyramidella (Oscilla) annulate A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 309, pi. 74, f. 28.

Mososeki, Yobuko (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Osoilla) sulcata Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, p. 418.

Tsu-Shima, Nososeki (A. Ad.). Described as Evalea.
Pyramidella (Osoilla) lirata Ad. 1. c. Sato, 0-Shima Ad. Described « EoaUa.
Pyramidella (Osoilla) oircinata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 311.

O-Shima, Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Orina) pyramidalis Ad. (Syrnola). P. Z. S., 1862, p. 233.

Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Elusa) subulata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237; Man. Conoh., VIII,
p. 310, pi. 74, f. 30.

O-Shima, 26 fms, (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Elusa) oastanea A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237,

O-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Elusa) cinnamomea A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237.

O-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Elusa) hadia A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237.

Takano-Shiraa (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Elusa) gracilis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237 ; Man. Conch., VIII,
p. 310, pi. 74, f. 31.

Yobuko (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Elusa) strigulata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 237.

Yobuko (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Elusa) teres A. Ad.

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) plicate A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., V, 1860, p. 478, 479;

1861, p. 44.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Goto, O-Shima (A. Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^E. 83

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) pupula, nana, terebra A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H. (3),
VII, p. 44, 45.

Tsu-Shima 16-26 fms. (A. Ad.).
Pyramidella (Chrysallida) consobrina A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 44, 46.

Awa Shima, in shell sand, Goto (A. Ad.).

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) munda A. Ad. L c., p. 45. Corea Strait, 46 fms. (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Chrysallida) filocinota A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., 1864, VII, p. 2.

O-Shima (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) rufolineata, galbula A. Ad. Ibid, p. 3. Goto, 48
fms. (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) erucella A. Ad. Ibid, p. 3. Seto-Uchi, O-Shima, Taka-
no-Shima (Ad.).

Pyramidella (Chrysallida) consimilis A. Ad. Ann. Mag. 1861, p. 44.

O-Shima, Takano-Shima (A. Ad.).
Pyramidella (Chrysallida) alveata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. 1861, p. 45.

Tsu-Shima, 16-26 fms., Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Chrysallida) mumia A. Ad. Ann. Mag. 1861, p. 45.

Goto, 48 fms. (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Chrysallida) mundula A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 42.

Sado Island, 30 fms., O-Shima (Ad.). Descr. as Parthenia.
Pyramidella (Mormula) rissoina A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 1, 1863.

O-Shima, Takono-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) cerea A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 236.

Takano-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) gibba A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 236.

O-Shima, Tanabe (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma^ larvula A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 236.

O-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) lendix A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 236.

Yobuko (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) pupiformis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 235.

Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) subuliformis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 236.

Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Styloptygma) taeniata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 235.

Takano-Shima (Ad.).

84 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PYRAMIDELLID^E.

Pyramidella (Acteopyramis) eximia Lischke. Jap. M. C., Ill, p. 59, pi. 3, f.
4-6.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Pyramidella (Acteopyramis) ccelatum A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VII, 1861, p. 303.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Pyramidella (" Monoptygma ") acuminata Old. Otia Conch., p. 150.

Oushima (Stimpson).
Pyramidella (Mumiola) retioosa A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 5.

Seto-TJchi (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Mumiola) tessellata A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., 1863, VII, p. 6.

Tanabe, O-Shima (Ad.).
Pyramidella (Mumiola) spirata A. Ad. Then. Conch., pi. 172, f. 26, 27.

O-Shima (Ad.). Described as Monoptygma.

Odontostomla elata, japonioa, nana, pygmaea, oblonga, secalina, tenera, hya-
Una A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 42.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).

Odontostomia nivea. obesula, pupa, cana, ventricosa, goniostoma, vitrea A. Ad.
Ann. Mag. (3), VI, p. 20, 21, 417.

Corea Strait and Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Odontostomia subdiaphana, pruinosa A. Ad. /. e., p. 417.

Okosiri, 35 fms. (Ad.).
Odontostomia subangulata, achatinella A. Ad. /. c., p. 416, 417.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (Ad.).

Odontostomia ovoidea A. Ad. t. c., p. 416. Awa-Shiina, at low water (Ad.).
Odontostomia lactea Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 17, pi. 2, f. 4.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

Odontostomia fasciata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 17, pi. 2, f. 2.
Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Odontostomia neglecta Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VI, p. 417.
Tabu-8hima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Evalea) elegans, pyraxnis, arcuata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VI, p.
22.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Evalea) suloata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VI, p. 417.
Tsu-shima, 16 fms. (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PYRAMIDELLID^E. 85

Odontostomia (Evalea) lirata Ad. Ibid. Tabu-Shima, Sado (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Auriculina) grayi, ovalis Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 42, 43.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms.

Odontostomia (Parthenia) spirata A. Ad. Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Parthenia) oostulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 16, pi. 2, f. 15,

Deshima.
Odontostomia (Parthenia) foveolata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 479.

Mino-Shima (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Parthenia) monocycla A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 479.

Mino-Shiina, 63 fms., Goto, O-Shima, Tanabe (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Parthenia) costellata, littoralis A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1861,
(3), VII, p. 42.

Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Parthenia) punctigera A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, VII, p. 42.

Goto, Sado (A. Ad.).

Odontostomia (Parthenia) semiplioata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 478.
(Chrysallida).

Goto, O-Shima, Takano-Shima, Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).
Odontostomia (Parthenia) pusio. Ibid, (3), VII, p. 45. (Chrysallida).
Tsu-Shima, 16-26 fms., O-Shima (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Parthenia) pagodula A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 4 (Tur-
bonilla monocycla Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 418).

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Taku-Shima, O-Shima (Ad).

Odontostomia (Parthenia) cselata A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 4.
Seto-Uchi, Akasi, Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) casta A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861.
Takano-Shima (Ad.). Described as Chrysallida.

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) minna A. Ad. Ann. Mag., V, 1860, p. 478.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms, Goto (A. Ad.). Described as Chrysallida.

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) brenda A. Ad. Ibid. Takano-Shima, O-Shima (Ad.).
Described a« Oirysallida.

Odontostomia (Pyrguiina) elegantula A. Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Seto-
Uchi (Ad.). Described as Chrysallida.

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) pygmaea A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Goto (Ad.). Described as Chrysallida.

86 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, PYRAMIDELLID.K.

Odontogtomia (Pyrgulina) pulchella A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1800.

Goto, Mino-Shima, Seto-Uchi, Akasi (Ad.). Described as Chrysal-
lida.

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) concinna A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, p. 479.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) miranda A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861.

Yobuko (Ad.). Described as Chrysallida.
Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) bellula A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1861, p. 42.

Tabu-Shima, 24 fms. (Ad.). Described as Parthenia.
Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) fenestrata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V. p. 479.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.). Described as Parthenia.
Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) pura A. Ad. Ann. Mag., (3), VII, p. 46.

Awa-Shima, in shell sand, Takano Shima (Ad.). Described as
Chrysallida.
Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) tantilla A. Ad. Journ. Linn. Soc., VII, p. 5.

O-Shima, Tanabe, Tak an o- Shima (A. Ad.).

Odontostomia (Pyrgulina) deoussata A. Ad. Ibid. Goto, 48 fms. (Ad.).
Odontostomia (Miralda) diadema A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 479.
Mino-Shima, Seto-Uchi, Uraga (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Miralda) mariella A. Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima, Goto, Tsu-Shima,
Seto-Uchi (Ad.).

Odontostomia (Miralda) gemma A. Ad. Tsu-Shima, Seto-Uchi, Akasi (Ad.).
Eulimella philippiana Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 17, p.. 2, f. 8.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Eulimella opaoa, pelluoens A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, 1861, p. 46, 47.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Eulimella opalina, vitrea A. Ad. Ibid. Tsu-Shima, 26 fms. (Ad.).
Eulimella hyalina A. Ad. Ibid, p. 47.

Sado, 30 fms. (A. Ad.).
Eulimella (Stylopsis) typica A. Ad. Ann. Mag., V, 1860, p. 406.

Corea.
Eulimella (Stylopsis) suloata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, p. 241.

Ochotsh Sea, 17 fms. (A. Ad.).

Eulimella (Stylopsis) rufofasciata E. A. Smith. Ann. Mag., 1875, p. 103, Vol.
XVI.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, NERITID^E. 87

E. of Yedo, 48 fath., sand and mud ; a var. in Endermo Harb., 4
to 7 fath. (St. John).
Menestho exarata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VIII, 1861, p. 303.

Hakodate Bay, 16 fms. (A. Ad.).
Menestho sculptilis A. Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima, 63 fins. (Ad.).

Kleinella cancellaris A. Ad. Man. Conch., XV, p. 180; XVI, frontispiece, f. 6;
Grossman, Essais de Paleoconch. Comparee, i, p. 44, f. 34.

Strait of Corea, 63 fms. (Ad.).
Kleinella sulcata A. Ad. Man. Conch., XV, p. 180.
Suwonado Sea, 7 fms. (Ad.).

Turhonilla fusca A. Ad. Man. Conch., VIII, p. 334, pi. 76, f. 46. Japan.
Turhonilla varicosa Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 15, pi. 2, f. 5.

Deshima.
Turbonilla philippiana Dkr. Ibid, p. 16, pi. 1, f. 12.

Deshima.
Turbonilla multigyrata Dkr. Index, p. 79, pi. 13, f. 18-20.

Deshima.

Turbonilla perfecta, nitida, oincta, munda, speciosa, debilis, modica, metulina
A. Ad. Ann. Mag., VI, 1860, p. 418-420.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Turbonilla commoda, sculptilis, fragilis, bicincta A. Ad. Ibid. Tsu-Shima, 16
fms. (A. Ad.).

Turbonilla scaliola A. Ad. Ibid. Corea Strait, 46 fms.
Turbonilla (Cingulina) cingulata Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 16, pi. 1, f. 10.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kamakura (Stearns).
Turbonilla (Cingulina) circinata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, p. 414.

Awa-Shima (Ad.).

Turbonilla (Dunkeria) craticulata A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VII, p. 46.
• Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).

(Rhipidoglossa.)

NEKITIDJE.
Nerita polita Linne. Man. Conch., X, p. 30.

Tartary Strait (Schrenck).

Nerita albicilla L. Conchyl. Cab., p. 25, pi. 8, f. 1, 2, Man. Conch. X, p. 19.
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn) ; Inland Sea (Stearns.)

88 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TURBINID^.

Nerita planotpira Anton. Conchy 1.. Cab., p. 23, pi. 4, f. 4-7, Man. Conch., X, p. 21.
Japan (Martens).

Nerita pica Old. Otia Couch., p. 108; Mart., Conchyl. Cab., p. 106, pi. 12, f. 15-18;
Smith, Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 107; N.japonica Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 18,
pi. 2, f. 23.

Endermo (St. John) ; Simoda (Old) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Ki-
shiu (Stearns).

Neritina sowerbiana Reel. Conchyl. Cab., p. 171, pi. 18, f. 1-4 and 10.

Hakodate.

Neritina retropiota Martens. Conchyl. Cab. p. 170, pi. 17, f. 18-20.

Japan (Siebold).

Neritina adspersa Recluz. Journ. de Conchyl., 1853, p. 319, pi. 7, f. 6.

Tokyo (Dkr.).
Neritina ualanensis Less. Conchy]. Cab., p. 193, pi. 20, f. 1-24.

Nagasaki.

Neritina orepidnlaria Lain. Man. Conch., X, p. 77.
Yokohama (Martens) ; Tokyo Bay (Stearns).

TURBINIDJE.
Turbo marmoratus Linn£. Man. Conch., X, p. 191, pi. 41, f. 23.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Sagarai Bay (Stearns).

The animal of this Turbo is considered by the Japanese a great
delicacy. It is first removed from the shell, cut into little squares
like dice, replaced in the shell with a little soy, and cooked therein
over a charcoal fire. (F. S.).
Turbo petholatus, Linn.'. Man. Conch., X, p. 193.

Inland Sea (Stearns).
Turbo petholatus var. reevei Phil. Man. Conch., X, p. 194, pi. 40, f. 15, 16.

Japan (Dkr., as T. variabilis Rve.).

Turbo (Seneotus) argyrostomus var. margaritaceus Linne\ Man. Conch., X, p.
198, pi. 45, f. 100.

Japan (Stearns).

Turbo (Senectus) parvulus Phil. Man. Conch., X, p. 206, pi. 44, f. 73, 74.
Japan (Stearns) ; Liu Kiu Is. (Phil. ; Stearns).

Turbo (Batillus) cornutui Ginel. Man. Conch., X, p. 210, pi. 43, f. 50, 52.

Tokyo Harbor (young specimens lacking spines, Stearns) ; Yedo,
Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Hakodate, etc., (Schrenck).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TURBINID^E. 89

Turbo (Modelia) guttatus A. Adams. Man. Conch., X, p. 213, pi. 63, f. 39.

Tatiyama (Ad.).

Turbo (Marmorostoma) coronatus Gmbl. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 108.
Ooshima, on the shore (St. John) ; E. Coast Nippon (Stearns).

Turbo (Marmorostoma) granulatus Gmel. Man. Conch., X, p. 217, pi. 46, f. 18.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Turbo (Marmorostoma) coreensis Recluz. Man. Conch., X, p. 217, pi. 47, f. 19.

Enoshima (Stearns). Usually regarded as an imperforate variety
of the preceding.

Astralium (Cyclocantha) hsematragus Mke. Man. Conch., X, p. 236, pi. 54, f. 57,

58.

Tokyo, Nagasaki, etc. (Dkr.).

A. rhodostoma Lara. (=petrosum Martyn) has been recorded by
Dunker, but without exact locality. Its occurrence in Japanese
waters is very doubtful.

Astralium (Cyclocantha) heimburgi Dkr. Index, p. 130, pi. 6, f. 6, 7.
Inland Sea of Japan (Dkr.).

Astralium (Guildfordia) triumphans Phil. Man. Conch., X, p. 228, pi. 58, f. 67,

68.

S.-E. coast Kii (Stearns).

Astralium (Bolma) modestum Rve. Man. Conch., X, p. 229, pi. 55, f. 63, 64.
Kii coast (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Astralium (Pachypoma) japonicum Dkr. See Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
1891, p. 473, pi. 19, f. 6-8 (operculum).

S.-E. coast Prov. Kii (Stearns) ; Kiushiu (Lischke).

Upon seeing the unique type specimen of A. wardii Baker (Proc.
Rochester Acad. Sci., I, p. 136, pi. 11, f. 1) I considered it a depressed
individual of this species. A. japonicum is not a Pomaulax as has
been supposed, but a true Pachypoma, which is quite a different
thing. Mr. Stearns' largest specimen measures 160 mm. diameter.

Leptothyra1 sangarensis Schrenck. Amurl. Moll., II, p. 363, pi. 16, f. 6-11.
( Turbo); Man. Conch., X, p. 250, pi. 64, f. 59.

Sangar Strait (Maximowicz) ; Bay of Hakodate (Albrecht and
Lindholm).

1 Synonyms of this generic name are as follows : —
Turbo Auct.

90 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PHASIANELLlDvE.

Collonia Auct non Gray.

Leptonyx and Homalopoma Cpr. (prxoc. ).

Cantraineia Jeffr.

Anadema Ads.

Petropoma Gabb. J. A. N. S., Phila-, VIII, p. 281. See Nautilus, VII, p.
84.

L. sanguined Linn, has erroneously been recorded from Japan and West
America. It is Mediterranean.

Leptothyra amussitata Gld. Man. Conch., X, p. 250, pi. 55, f. 71, 72 ; Ann. Mag.,
1875, Vol. XVI, p. 109.

Endermo, 4-7 fathoms ; a variety from Yamado, 7 fathoms, sand
(St. John).

Leptothyra purpurascens Dkr. Index, p. 129, pi. 12, f. 1-3.

Japan (Dkr.).
Leptothyra rubra Dkr. Ind. Moll. Mar. Jap., p. 128, pi. 12, f. 7-9.

Japan (Dkr.).
Leptothyra transenna Watson. Challenger Gastrop. XV, p. 125, pi. VI, f. 12.

Japan 565 fathoms.

Leptothyra pilula Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 19, pi. 3, f. 7. (Liotid). Cynisca japon-
ica Ad. is a synonym.

Corea Strait (Ad.).
Leptothyra nooturna Gld. Otia Conch., p. 160 ; Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p/109.

Simoda (Stimpsou) ; Lat. 41° 12' N., Long. 140° 45' E., 43 fatb.,
sand and mud ; variety from Yamada Harbor (St. John).

PHASIANELLIDJE.

Phasianella megastoma n. sp. PI. VIII, fig. 9.

Shell imperforate, in shape like Ph. (Chromoti*) neritina but the
spire longer and more pointed. Surface smooth, hardly shining ;
either dotted closely and evenly all over with red on a pale huffish
ground, or having several spiral girdles of white spots, and a sub-
sutural series of white flames ; the apex yellow or whitish. Whorls
3$, very rapidly increasing, the last expanding toward the aperture.
Aperture round-oval, very large, oblique; columella and parietal
wall regularly arcuate, with a moderate deposit of callus. Opercu-
lum white outside. Alt. 3*2, diam. 2'9 mill.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Fr. Stearns).

The extremely large aperture sufficiently characterizes this spe-
cies.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, DELPHINULID^E. 91

Phasianella oligomphala n. sp. PI. VIII, fig. 8.

Shell ovate-turrited, smooth, hardly shining, perforated. Dotted
in spiral order with red on a pale ground, often having in addition
some girdles of white spots, and very oblique snow-white stripes
descending from the suture. Whorls 4£, well rounded, the sutures
deep, the apex subacute. Aperture round-ovate, about half the
shell's length ; inner lip separated from the body by a long, narrow
umbilical fissure, which is much reduced in some shells. Operculum
white outside. Alt. 4'35, diam. 2'8 mm.

Nemoto and Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

The color patterns of this little Tricolia are similar to those of the
preceding species, but it is far slenderer than that, and perforated.

Phasianella (Orthomesus) modesta Gld. PI. VI, figs. 29, 30.
Pile., Man. Conch., X, p. 183.

Loo Choo (Stimp.) ; Nemoto (Stearns) ; N. shore Prov. Tango
(Gaines).

It is not without some doubt that I identify these shells with
Gould's unfigured species, but they agree with his short description
as far as that goes.

P. modesta gouldii n. var. PI. VI, fig. 31.

Shell the shape of P. kochii Phil., clear red, showing under the
lens dense microscopic redder spiral lines and toward the base some
spaced red spirals with remote, white specks. Marked above the
periphery with a few bold oblique stripes of snow-white ; a subsutural
band mottled with blackish.

This form occurs with the preceding, of which I consider it a
variety. It is probably what Dunker lists as P. capensis.

Dunker (Index, p. 127) reports Phasianella variegata, P.elongata
and P. capensis from Japan, the last on Schrenck's authority. The
first of these was perhaps Phasianella ( Orthomesus) modesta. The
other two were incorrect identifications. The S. African species
named are of the group of P. pulla, while the above Japanese forms
belong to Orthomesus, as is shown by their spaced capillary lines.

DELPHINULIDJE.

Delphinula delphinula Linn. D. laciniata Lam., Man. Conch., X, p. 266.

Japan (Stearns, No. 1,127) ; Nagasaki (Lischke, D. atrata).
Several specimens of the typical form, and var. atrata Rve.

92 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TROCHID^J.

Delphinula distorta Linn.'. Inland Sea (Stearns).

Liotia semiclathratula Schrenck. Amur!. Moll., II, p. 370, pi. 16, f. 16-25; Ann.
Mag., 1875, XVI, p. 110.

Toba Harbor, 9 fms., sand (var. St. John); Sangar Strait
(Schrenck) ; N. shore of Tango (Gaines).
Liotia daedala A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 72. Goto; Oshima (Ad.).
Liotia tantilla A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 72. Goto Is., 71 fms. (Ad.)
Liotia armata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., Sept., 1861, p. 243.

Corea Strait (Ad.).

TROCHIDJE.

Trochus niloticus Linn.'. Man. Conch., XI, p. 17. Nagasaki (Lischke).

Trochus turris Philippi. T. aUus Phil., Conchyl. Cab., p. 217, pi. 32, f. 7, not T.
altus Perry, 1811. T. turris Phil., Zeitsch. f. Mai., 1846, p. 102.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).

Dunker reports T. ( Cardinalia) virgatus Gmel. also from Japan,
without more accurate locality. Its occurrence there is doubtful.
Trochus (Teotus) obeliscus Gmel. Man. Conch., XI, p. 19, pi. 2, f. 13, 14.

Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Troohus (Lamprostoma) rubricatus Philippi. Phil., Conch., p. 213, pi. 31, f. 13;
Pilsbry, Man. Conch.. XI, 32.

Japanese Seas (Fischer) ; Japan (Stearns).
This and the next two species are closely allied.

Troohus (Lamprostoma) saoellum Philip]>i. ( '/'. stpengleri Gmel.). Phil., Conch.
Cab., p. 309, pi. 44. f. 13; Pilsbry, Man. Com-h., XI, 34; T. spengleri Gmel.;
Lischke, J. M. C.. p. 93.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Trochus (Lamprostoma) rota Dunker. Dkr., Moll. Jap,, p. 21, pi. 3, f. 4; Lischke,
Jap. Meeres-Conch., p. 94, pi. 6, f. 20, 21; Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 35
Polydonta gloriosum Gid., Otia, p. 158.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn, Dkr.) ; Ooshima (St.
John).

Without exact locality, Dunker reports T. maculatus from Japan.
This reference needs confirmation. Three specimens of T. incras-
satus were brought by Stearns, but it too was perhaps not native.

Trochus (Infundibulum) chloromphalus A. Adams. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch.,
p. 92, pi. 6, f. 17, 18. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 38.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Trochus (Lamprostoma) squarrosa Lam. Man. Conch., XI, p. 32, pi. 6, f. 60, 61.
Nagasaki (Lischke, J, M. C., I, p. 92).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TROCHID^E. 93

Clanculus margaritarius Phil. Phil., Conch. Cab., p. 74, pi. 14, f. 4; Dkr., Index,
p. 139.

Japan (Van Nostrand). The Clanculus smithii Gray (=? 0.
undatus Lm.), reported from Japan by A. Adams (before he had been
there), may hardly be admitted without several grains of salt.
Clanculus microdon A. Ad. Man. Conch., XI, p. 78.

North shore of Tango (Gaines).

Monodonta labio Linne. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 86, pi. 19, f. 95, 96 ; Lischke,
J. M. C., I, p. 95.

Nagasaki (Lischke); Deshima (Nuhn, Dkr.); Hakodate (Schrenck);
Ooshirna (Chall.) ; Seta coast (Stearns).

Dunker reports M. australis also, but without exact locality.

Monodonta neritoides Philippi. Phil., Conch. Cab., p. 303, pi. 44, f. 4 j Pilsbry,
Manual XI, p. 106 ; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila,

Southeast Kii coast (Stearns) ; Yokohama (Martens).

Monodonta neritoides var. perplexa Pils. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 107, pi. 35,

f. 6-8.

Japan.

Monodonta (Oxystele) suavis Philippi. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 117, pi. 23, f.
71-75 j 0. kceneni Dkr., Index, p. 142, pi. 12, f. 4-6.

Japan (Dkr., Stearns).
Chrysostoma paradoxum Born. Man. Conch., XI, p. 466.

Mr. Stearns' specimen of this (No. 1186) may not be really Japan-
ese, although it was procured in Japan.

Chlorostoma argyrostoma Gmel. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, p. 96, pi. 7, f.
4; Pilsbry, Manual, p. 165.

It is very doubtful whether this species occurs in Japanese waters.
The large example figured by Lischke, as well as the extensive suite
in the collection of the Academy, are from China. Lischke calls
the typical form of argyrostomum " var. major," but this term is
superfluous.

Chlorostoma umbilicatum Lischke. PI. VI, figs. 11, 12.

Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, pi. 7, f. 5 ; II, p. 87 (" Q. argyroslomum v. umbili-
catum").

Nagasaki (Lischke). More strongly spirally lirate beneath than
0. argyrostomum, and umbilicate. The specimen figured is in the
collection of Mr. Shelly G. Crump, of Rochester, N. Y.
Chlorostoma distinguendum Dkr. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 22, pi. 3, f. 1.
Deshima (Dkr.); Japan (Stearns).

94 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, TROCHID.fi.

Chlorostoma turbinatum A. Adams. PI. VI, figs. 9, 10.

Pile., Man. Conch., XI, p. 193, 194. Ch. rugatum Gld., Otia, p. 158, fide E. A.
Smith.

Toba, S. Niphon (Smith) ; Hakodate Bay and Simoda (Stimp). ;
Hakodate (Stearns).

Shell having the contour of argyrostomum but much smaller, the
oblique folds of the upper surface coarser, not splitting below the
sutures, often crossed by some indistinct spirals; base slightly con-
vex, with five or six spiral cords, often subobsolete ; columella as in
argyrostomum, the umbilical region closed in both old and young,
but with a deep pit, encircled on the side toward the mouth by a
green callus ; the outer margins of the umbilical tract more or less
stained with golden. Color above and below, black, in both young
and old examples. Alt. 21, diam. 25 mm. The species has not
hitherto been figured.

Chlorostoma nigerrimum Gmelin. List-like, J. M. C., p. 79, pi. 7, f. 6, 7 ; Pilsbry,
Manual XI, p. 165. Cfu corntgatum A. Ad. ; Ch. undatellaGld.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn, Dkr.) ; Oushima, Kago-
shima and Taneogoshima (Stimpson ; C. undatella Gld., Otia, p.

158).

Chlorostoma zanthostigma A. Adams, (nigricolor Dkr.). Dkr.. Moll. Jap., j»-
22, pi. 3, f. 2 ; Lischke, J. M. C., p. 100, pi. 7, f. 1, 2.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn, Dkr.) ; Ooshima (St.
John).

Chlorostoma lisohkei Pilsbry. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 167, pi. 26, f. 16.
Japan (A. Garrett).

Chlorostoma msticum Gmelin. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 166, pi. 25, f. 1-4;
Lischke, J. M. C., p. 97.

Nagasaki (Lischke); Deshima (Nuhn, Dkr.); Hakodate (Schrenck
and Stearns).

The upper surface is very strongly rudely ribbed throughout, the
ribs extending slightly over the periphery upon the base. Color,
black above, black and white strigate beneath, the young black
beneath. In the typical rusticum the ribs are less strong.

Chlorostoma brunneum Phil. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 170, pl.-27, f. 36-38.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

A single large specimen (alt. 39, diam. 33 mm.) collected by
Stearns, which is undoubtedly this species.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TROCHIDJE. 95

Chlorostoma carpenter! Dunker. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., p. 98, pi. 7, f. 8, 9,
10; Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 168.

Nagasaki and Deshima (Lischke) ; Southeast coast, Prov. Kii

(Stearns).

Chlorostoma pfeifFeri Philippi. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 167, pi. 26, f. 13-15.
T. nordmanni Schrenck, Ch. achales Old.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Simoda (N. P. E. E.);
S.-E. coast Kii (Stearns).

Chlorostoma sordidum Philippi. Phil., Conch. Cab., p. 301, pi. 44, f. 1. T. sub-
fuscescens Schrenck, vide Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 188, 189.
Bay of Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Ooshima
and Endermo (St. John).

Cantharidus (Thalotia) japonicus A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 355, pi.
17, f. 25.

Nagasaki, Yokohama, Tokyo Harbor, Inland Sea, Nemoto, Boshiu
(Stearns) ; N. shore of Tango (Gaines).

A series of many hundred examples was collected, exhibiting a
very wide range of variation in color. We consider Cantharidus
hilaris Lischke (Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 85, pi. 5, f. 14, 15, and
Fischer, Coq. Viv. Trochus, p. 353, pi. 110, f. 2) from Nagasaki, a
synonym.

Cantharidus (Thalotia) yokohamensis Book. Bock, P. Z. S., 1878, p. 727, pi. 46,
f. 3 ; Pilsbry, Manual XI, p. 147, pi. 40, f. 40.

Yokohama (Bock).
Alcyna ocellata A. Ad. Man. Conch., X, p. 182, pi. 40, fig. 12.

Tatagama ; Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns); off Talen-Shima, 25 fms.
(Ad.)

Alcyna lepida A. Ad. Man. Conch., X, p. 182.

Off Talen-Shima, 25 fms. (A. Ad.).

Gibbula globularia Schrenck. Schrenck, Amurl. Moll., p. 357, pi. 16, f. 1-4; Pils-
bry, Man. XI, p. 226, pi. 57, f. 10.

Bay of Hakodate (Schrenck).

Gibbula corallina Smith. Smith, Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p. Ill j Pilsbry, Manual
XI, p. 225.

Gibbula yamadana Smith. Smith, Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p. Ill ; Pilsbry, Manual
XI, p. 224. •

Yamada Harbor (St. John).

Gibbula japonioa Smith. Smith, Ann. Mag. N. H., 1875, XVI, p. 110 ; Pilsbry,
Man. Conch., XI, p. 224.

Gulf of Yedo, lat. 35° 35', long. 139° 48', in 6-25 fms. (St. John).

96 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TROCHID-E.

Gibbula redimita Gld. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 227 ; Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 1875, XVI, p. 111.

Bay of Hakodate (Stimpson); lat. 41° 12' N., long. 140° 45' E.,
43 fath. (St. John).

Gibbula ochotensis (Midd.) Phil. Man. Conch., XI, p. 237, pi. 60, f. 3, 4.

Okhotsk Sea.
Oibhula eucosmia n. 8p. PI. VIII, fig. 4,

Shell umbilicate, conic and elevated, with flattish base. Coral-red
with a series of white flammules below the sutures and white spots
at periphery, but sometimes the flames extend to periphery ; base
red with an umbilical white patch. Surface sculptured with raised
smooth, spiral cords, of which there are 6 above the periphery rather
widely spaced, and on the base 10 much closer; between the cords
very delicate growth lines are visible. Whorls about 6J, convex,
the last one subangular at periphery. Aperture rounded, columella
concave above, straightened below, bluntly angled at base. Umbil-
icus narrow, rather funnel-shaped at the opening. Alt. 7, diam. 6
mm.

Hizen (Stearns) ; N. shore of Prov. Tango (Gaines).

Oihhula ? fulgeni Gld. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 225 ; pi. 40, f. 38 ; Smith, Ann.
Mag., 1875, XVI, p. 110; Syn. : T. iridescent Schrenck.

Off Cape Blunt, 35 fms. (St. John).

Gibbula (Cantharidella) callichroa Philippi. Phil., Conch. Cab., p. 298, pi. 43, f.
15. Trochus jeSHOensis Schrenck, Moll. Amur-landes, etc., p. 353, pi. 15, f. 11-18;
Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 222.

Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Hizen (Stearns) ; N. shore of Prov. Tango
(Gaines).

Enida japonica A. Adams. Dkr., Index, p. 144, pi. 12, f. 17, 18. 1'i 1.--.. Man. Conch.,
XI, p. 245, pi. 67, figi. 44, 45.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Enida speciosa A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 245.

Off Mino-Shiraa, 63 fins. (Ad.).

Enida gemmulosa A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 246.
Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Basilissa lampra Watson. Challenger Gastrop., p. 97, pi. 7, f. 5.

Mid-Pacific, E. of Japan, 2050 fathoms (Chall.).

Monilea inepta Gld. Otia Conch., p. 155; Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 254.
Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TROCHIDJE. 97

Monilea vernicosa Gld. Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XI, p. 254; Otia, p. 155.

Ooshima (Stimpson).
Monilea glareosa Gould. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 255 ; Otia, p. 155.

Loo Choo, Oushima and Kikaia (Stimp.). This may be a Solari-
ella or Minolia.

Monilea smithi Bunker. Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XI, p. 438, pi. 38, f. 5-7 ; Dkr.,
Index, pi. 6, f. 16-19 (Euchdus).

Wakayama (Dkr.).

Monilea (Rossiteria) nuclea Philippi. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 257, pi. 61, f.
31, 32.

Japan (Fischer) ; Viti Is. (Garrett ! in coll. Phila. Acad.).

Bathybembix argenteonitens Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 66,
pi. 4, f. 1 ; Pilsbry, Manual XI, p. 347.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

This species varies but little. A larger individual measures, alt.
48, diam. 35 mm. In Japan it is called GinTcai, silver shell.

Bathybembix crumpii Pilsbry. PI. XI, fig. 4.
Pilsbry, Nautilus, VI, p. 105, 133, pi. 2, f. 3.

Japan (Shelly G. Crump).

Bathybembix aeola Watson. Wats., Chall. Gast., p. 95, pi. 7, f. 13 ; Pilsbry, Man-
ual, p. 163. pi. 40, f. 10, 11.

OffEnoshima, Japan, in 565 fms. (Challenger Exped.).
Bathybembix abyssorum E. A. Smith. P. Z. S., 1891, p. 438, pi. XXXIV, f. 5.

North Pacific, E. of Japan in 2300 fathoms (Challenger).
Minolia1 punotata A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 259, pi. 44, f. 33.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

1 Minosia Dkr., Index, p. 142.
Minolia pulcherrima (A. Ad.) Sowb. Sowerby, Conch. Icon., XX, Margarita, f. 11.

Japan (Sowb.).

Seems to be a synonym of M. punctata A. Ad., and the name is
preoccupied.

Minolia mustelina Gould. Gld., Otia, p. 154. (Margarita).
Hakodate Bay, low water (N. P. E. E.).

Minolia vitiliginea Mke. (!). Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 86.

The type of this species as figured by Philippi (Conch. Cab.
Trochus, p. 176, pi. 28, fig. 2) is unlike any Japanese specimens I
have seen.

7

98 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, TROCHID^E.

Minolia Stearnsii n. sp.

Shell more depressed than M. vitiliginea Mke., thin, shining,
widely umbilicate ; densely and finely radially vermiculate with
olivaceous on a pale ground above, usually with few or many radial
dark clouds below the suture, and several narrow articulated, spaced
spiral lines, the periphery lighter, often spotted ; base with paler
vermiculate and articulated pattern. Surface closely and evenly
sculptured with spiral striae throughout, with inconspicuous rather
spaced oblique impressed lines, and between them very faint, close
growth-striae which slightly crenulate the spirals. Whorls 5, very
convex, rather flattened below the sutures, producing a blunt median
angle on the whorls of the spire. Last whorl subangular at periph-
ery and around umbilicus; the latter funnel-shaped, one-fourth the
total diameter of the shell, white within and with distinct growth-
lines. Aperture roundly subquadrate, oblique; columella slightly
dilated above, straight in the middle, bluntly angular at base. Alt.
6'2, diam. 10 mm.; var. : olivaceous replaced by brilliant rose color.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns). I separate this from the vitiliginea of
Menke (see Philippi) on account of its more depressed form and
wider umbilicus.

Margarita helioina Fabr. Man. Conch., XI, p. 285 ,• M. arctica Leach, Dkr., Index,
p. 145.

Has been reported from northern Japan.

Turcica imperialis A. Adams. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 67, pi. 4, f. 4—
6 ; Pilsbry, Man., p. 415. T. adamsianus Schrenck.

Tsusaki, W. coast of Japan, 37 fms. (Ad.) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke);
Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Japan (Stearns).

The largest specimen measures, alt. 38, diam. 31 mm. The color
varies from uniform cream-white, to brownish, maculated and light-
ning-streaked with reddish-brown. One specimen has the beaded
cords of the upper surface reduced to fine, subobsolete, almost smooth
threads, the periphery with a double series of compressed beads, and
another similar cingulus below the suture. This specimen contrasts
strongly with the typical form, but we can only regard it as a
variety.

Turcica concinna A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 415.

Uraga, Japan (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, TROCHID^E. 99

T. coreensis Pease.

Corea Sea. This is hardly Japanese. The " T. instricta " re-
ported from Satanomosaki by A. Ad. (Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), XIII,
p. 143) can hardly be the real Euchelus instrictus Gld., of which
specimens are before me from New Caledonia and Viti Is. (see Man.
Conch., XI, p. 440).

Calliostoma unicum Dunker. Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XI, p. 341, pi. 16, f. 9, 10 ;
Lischke, J. M, C., Ill, p. 64. C. affinis Ball.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn ! Dkr.) ; Simoda (Dall) ;
Inland Sea and Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

About 200 hundred specimens found by Mr. Stearns. They agree
in sculpture, but vary from reddish to yellow in ground color, and
on some the broad cloud-like dark maculse of the upper surface are
wanting.

Calliostoma censors Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, p. 65, pi. 4, f. 2, 3 ;
Pilsbry, Man., XI, p. 347.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
This seems to be merely a variety of C. unicum.

Calliostoma sowerbyi Pilsbry. Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XI, p. 34, pi. 18, f. 17;

Ziziphinus jucundus Sowb. not Gld.

Japan (Sowb., Stearns).

Calliostoma hungerfordi Sowerby. P. Z. S., 1888, p. 568, pi. 28, f. 14; Pilsbry,
Man. of Conch., XI, p. 343, pi. 34, f. 11.

Japan (Huugerford).

Calliostoma urbanum Gould. Otia, p. 157 ; Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 401.
Kagoshima Bay (Stimp.).

Calliostoma infuscatum Gould. Gld,, Otia, p. 157 ; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p.
401.

Kagoshima Bay (N. P. E. E.).

One of the original lot is in the collection of the Academy of Nat-
ural Sciences of Philadelphia, showing it to be a well marked spe-
cies. It will probably occur larger in size.

Calliostoma (Lischkeia) moniliferum Lam. Enoycl.Meth., pi. 445, f. 2; Pils., Man.
Conch., p. 347 ; Tr. alwinse Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 84, pi. 6, f. 17-19.

Kiusiu I. (Lischke) ; Japan (Stearns).

Euchelus bronni Dunker. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 22, pi. 3, f. 8 ; Pils., Man. Conch.,
XI, p. 438.

Japan (Dkr.).

100 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TROCHID^.

Euohelus pauperoulus Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 69, pi. 4, f,
9-11; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 439, pi. 63, f. 20, 21.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Euchelus exiguus A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 118 ; Monodonta exigua
A. Ad., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 176.

Japan (Siebold).
Euchelus ruber A. Adams. Man. Conch., XI, p. 440, pi. 67, f. 79.

Karaakura (Stearns). Specimens of clear, pale brown tint, with
light brown scattered dots, but agreeing quite perfectly with typical
rubra in sculpture. Also, N. shore of Tango (Gaines), a red speci-
men.
Ethalia rufula Gould. Old., Otia, p. 154.

Ooshima (N. P. E. E.).

This genus is here understood in the sense explained in Man. Conch., XI,
p. 457, not as used by authors generally. The Umlwnium anguliferum Phil.,
reported from Yokohama by Dunker, must be a mistake, as that is a New-
Zealand species of Ethalia.

Umbonella murrea Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., Turbo, f. 54 ; Ad., Ann. Mag. N.
H. (3), XI, p. 265, 1863, hander maculosu* A. Ad.

Goto Is., 71 fms. (Ad.).

Camilla sp.

See Man. Conch., XI, p. 465. No good authority for the Japan-
ese reference seems to exist.

Umbonium giganteum Lesson. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., p. 454, pi. 58, f. 17-19.

Kii coast (Stearns) ; Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke).

The following principal color patterns occur :

(1). Entire surface uniform blue-black.

(2). Olivaceous, with short black and cream blotches below the
suture, a continuous red band at periphery, bordered below by a
white band.

(3). Olivaceous-yellow, yellow, or pinkish-yellow, unicolored or
marked like the preceding.

(4). Very light drab, almost white, uniform or marked like num-
ber 2.

(5) Plumbeous, with a series of black and cream blotches below
the suture, and a series of cream and dark plumbeous maculae at the
periphery.

Many specimens, especially immature ones, show a group of sev-
eral spiral strise immediately above the periphery.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TROCHID&.0- ' Ifel

TTmbonium costatum Lesson. Pils., Man. Conch., XI, p. 54, pi. 59, f. 34, 35.

Kii coast (Stearns) ; Siinoda, Hakodate, Tsu-Shima, etc. (Ad.) ;
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Very large specimens, measuring alt. 22, diam. 30 mm. The col-
oration is very uniform, consisting of narrow radial stripes of buff
and olive-bluish broken into a fine tessellation by the spiral
grooves of the upper surface, the base with coarser radial stripes,
sometimes interrupted ; umbilical callus purplish-pink,

TJmbonium costatum var. superbum Gould. Lischke, J. M. C., II, p. 83, pi. 5, f.
18-21.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kagoshima (N. P. E. E.); Inland Sea, Hizen,
near Enoshima (Stearns).

Very extensive suites of this form were collected by Mr. Stearns ;
and a critical examination shows that there is really no character
whatever separating them from U. costatum except size. The sub-
sutural fasciole is sometimes smooth, but more often more or less
tuberculate ; and specimens occur which are very different to distin-
guish from U. moniliferum. Mr. Stearns has assorted the forms into
numerous color varieties which he designates by letters. The more
notable of these are as follows :

(1). Coloration as described above for U. costatum, the stripes
above continuous or tessellated, periphery often with a white and a
red girdle, (Nagasaki, Kii). (See Lischke, II, pi. V, f. 20, 21).

(2). Same pattern as above, but ground color orange, stripes faint
olive ; base without stripes, red or yellow.

(3). Same as No. 1, but with wide blotch-like stripes at and below
the periphery. (See Lischke, f. 18, 19).

(4). Entire surface blue-black or purple-black, callus fleshy.
{Hizen).

(5). Ground color and subperipheral fasciole red, stripes close and
dusky ; interstices between spiral cords pure white. This is the most
remarkable and lovely pattern. The base is articulated, broadly
striped or uniform.

(6). Ground color almost white ; stripes or tesellation very pale
bluish or brown ; callus white or fleshy. (Inland Sea).

(7). Stripes broad and red, on a yellow ground.

(8). Upper surface with broad white zone. One specimen of this
variety lacks spiral sulci, and has very convex whorls.

V f ^APAN^^MOLLUSKS, CYCLOSTREMATID^E.

Umbonium japonicum Sulliotti. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 456.

Sea of Japan (Sul.).

Will prove a synonym of U. moniliferum or superbum. Sowerby
(Thes., V, p. 472) reports U. suturalis Lam. from Japan ; and A.
Adams reports vestiarium Linn.

Umbonium moniliferum Lamarck. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 456, pi. 58, f. 22-
31.

Kishiu, Kamakura (Stearns) ; Nagasaki, Simoda, O-Shima (Dkr.).

Three color varieties collected :

(1). White, with some faint or obsolete tessellation; callus white
or light. (Kishiu).

(2). Yellow, with light olive tessellation ; callus pink or dusky.

(3). Ground color buff or white, with wide red stripes, sometimes
reducing the light ground to mere spots ; base with broad oblique
stripes, or a subperipheral red girdle. (Kamakura).

Umbonium thomasi Crosse. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 453, pi. 57, f. 31, 32.
RoteUa infraplanata Sowerby.

Hakodate.

Umbonium adamsi Dunker. Dkr., Index, p. 135, pi. 6, f. 3-5.

Japan (Dkr.). Is this more than a variety of U. thomasi f

CYCL08TREMATID.S.

Cyclostrema anaglyptum A. Ad. Man. Conch., Vol. X, p. 88, pi. 31, f. 15, 16.

Seto-Uchi (Adams).

Cyclostrema pulchella Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 20, pi. 3, f. 5.

Tokyo (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (A. Ad.),
Tryon unites this with C. micans A. Ad.

Cyclostrema ammonooeras A. Ad. Man. Conch., Vol. X, p. 89, pi. 31, f. 34, 35.
Japan (Adams).

Cyclostrema dunkeri Tryon. Man. Conch., X, p. 91, pi. 32, f. 48, 49. C. cingulatum
Dkr. not Phil.; Moll. Jap., p. 20, pi. 3, f. 11.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Cyclostrema biporcatum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 7 a, b.

Seto-Uchi (Adams).
Cyclostrema Isevis Keiner. Sp. et Icon. Coq. Viv., Delphinula, pi. 4. f. 6.

Japan.

C. duplicata Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 61, pi. 3, f. 9.

Yedo (Lischke).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CYCLOSTREMATIDJE. 103

Cyclostrema cinguliferum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 1 a, b.
Japan (Adams).

Cyclostrema tornatum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2 f. 15.
Japan (Adams).

Cyclostrema sulcatum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 3.
Japan (Adams).

Cyclostrema (Tubiola) cornuellum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 3, f. 21 a. b.
Japan (Adams).

Cyclostrema (Tubiola) nivea A. Ad. Man. Conch., Vol. X, p. 96, pi. 33, f. 89, 90.
Japan (Chem.).

Cyclostrema (Daronia) cyclotina A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 3, f. 20 a, b.
Japan (Ad.).

Cyclostrema (Morchia) obvolutum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 3, f. 19 a, b.
Japan (A. Ad.).

Teinostoma concentricum A. Ad. Conoh. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 2 a, b.

Takano-Shima (Adams).
Teinostoma radiatum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1, f. 6 a, b.

Kino-o-Shiina (Adams).
Teinostoma lucidum A. Ad. Conch. Icon., pi. 1, f. 7 a, b, Vol. 19.

Japan (Adams).

Teinostoma (Calceolina) pusillum (C. B. Ad.). A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 1,
f. 8 a, b.

Japan (Adams).

Teinostoma candidum A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1862, p. 296 (Ethalia) ;
Sowerby, Conch. Icon., XX, pi. 4, f. 14 (Rotella).

Goto Is., 71 fms. (Ad.).

Teinostoma polita A. Adams. Ad., 1. c. ; Sowb,. 1. c., f. 17 (Rotella).
Goto Is., 71 fms. (Ad.).

Teinostoma omphalotropis A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1863, XI, p. 266
(Ethalia).

Yobuko, 17 fms. (Ad.).

Teinostoma nitida A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., p. 266 (Ethalia).

Yobuko, 14 fms. (Ad.).

Teinostoma sobrina A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H., 1861, VIII, p. 306 ; XI, p.
266 (Ethalia) ; Sowerby, Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 2, f. 19.

104 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, STOMATELLID^E.

Kino-o Shi ma, Takano-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Teinostoma perspioua A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1863, p. 266.
Oki-no-Shima, Takano-Shima (Ad.).

Microtheca crenellifera A. Ad. Conoh. loon., Vol. 19, pi. 3, f. 23.

Japan (Ad.).

Lippistes rollei v. Martens. Nachrbl. d. m. Gee., 1894, p. 135.

Iki, in fine sand.

STOMATELLIDJE.
Stomatella lyrata Pilsbry. Man. Conch., XII, p. 12, pi. 2, f. 3-5.

Kishiu (Stearns).

This abundant species attains a diameter of 15 mm. It may be
the same as the alleged Japanese S. articulate.

Stomatella articulata A. Adams. Pits., Man. Conch., XII, p. 13, pi. 52, f. 43 ; Dkr.,
Index, p. 145.

Japan (Dkr.). Originally described from Australia and Lord
Hood's Island. Does it really occur in Japanese Seas ?

Stomatella orbiculata A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI, p. 16, pi. 52, f. 44, 45;
Dkr., Index, p. 145.

Japan (Dkr.). Also reported from Mozambique (Cuming) and
Darnley I., Torres Sts. (Brazer).

Stomatella japonica A. Adams. Pilsbry, Manual XII, p. 20, pi. 53, f. 97.

Japan (Curaing) ; Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Niphonia pulchella A. Adams. Ad., Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), 1860, p. 336 ; Pila., Man.
Conch., XII, p. 29.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Stomatia phymotii Hebling. Pilsbry, Manual of Conch., XII, p. 30 ; Dkr., Index,
p. 146.

Said to occur in Japan. Mr. Stearns obtained many specimens
at Ohon-me I., Liukiu group.

Stomatia rubra Lamarck. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 33 ; Dkr., Index, p. 146 ;
pi. 6, f. 11-13.

Strait of Corea (Ad.) ; Inland Sea of Japan (Stearns) ; Bay of
Yedo (Lischke).

The color varies from a deep crimson to orange.

Stomatia splendidula A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 34; Dkr., Index,
p. 145.

Japanese Sea (Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, HALIOTID^E. 105

Oena dilecta Gould. Otia Conch., p. 109 ; Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 40, pi. 55,

f. 33.

Hakodate Bay, on shells (Stimpson).
Oena lutea (Linne) Adams. Pi's., Man. Conch., XII, p. 44, pi. 2, f. 29-31.

Japan (Dkr.).
Oena varia A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII. p. 45, pi. 55, f. 19-21.

Japan (Dkr.).

HALIOTIDJE.
Haliotis (Padollus) ovina Gmelin. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 124, pi. 19, f. 7.

Three specimens of the reddish typical form collected by Mr.
Stearns.
Haliotis gigantea Gmelin. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 84. H. sieboldii and H.

discus Reeve.

Kii coast (Stearns, with numerous pearls of same) ; Nagasaki,
Yedo, Hakodate (Lischke).
Haliotis gigantea discus Rve. Yesso (Stearns).

From this locality forms referable to both discus and Jcarr.tschat-
kana. Simoda and Hakodate (Stimp.) ; Goto Is. (Ad.).
Haliotis planata Sowerby. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 99, pi. 49, f. 20, 21, 22.

Philippines (Sowb.) ; Viti Is. (Garrett !) ; Japan (Stearns).

Haliotis japonica Reeve. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, pi. 14, f. 77-J-/T. aquatilis
and H. incisa Rve.

Japan (Rve.).

Haliotis diversicolor Reeve. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 104, 105.

Sagami, Awa, Idzu and Kii coast (Stearns).

This specific name covers the following forms, the distincti ?e feat-
ures of which are well bridged by specimens in the large quantity
collected by Mr. Stearns.
H. supertexta Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 92, pi. 6, f. 13-15.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

H. exigua Dunker. Index, p. 148, pi. 6, f. 8-10.

This is merely a young shell, easily matched in any series of young
supertexta.

H. gruneri Philippi. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XI F, p. 105, pi. 47, f. 1, 2.
Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke).
Haliotis speciosa Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 47.

Japan (Mus. Loebbecke, teste Weinkauff ),

106 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, FIS8URELLIDJE.

Haliotis (Teinotis) asinina Linn. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 126, pi. 14, f. 76.
Japan (Weinkauff; Stearns).

SCISSUSELLIDJE.
Scissurella japonioa A. Adams. Pils.^Man. Conch., XII, p. 59.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Seto-Uchi, O-Shima (Ad.).

Scissurella lamellata A. Adams. Pile., Man. Conch., XII, p. 59.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Goto, 71 fms., O-Shima, 26 fms. (Ad.).

Scissurella turbinata A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 59.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Scissurella concinna A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 59.

Rifunsiri, 35 fms. (Ad.).

Scissurella staminea A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 60.

Tsu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Schismope carinata A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 67.

Okosiri, 35 fms., Seto-Uchi, 16 fms., Goto, 71 fms. (Ad.).

Schismope modesta A. Adams. Pits., Man. Conch., XII, p. 67.

Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).

Schismope miranda A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 67.
Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

PLEUROTOMARIIDJE.

Fleurotomaria beyrichi Hilgendorf. v. Martens, Conch. Mittheil., i, p. 33, pi. 7 ;
Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII. p. 71, pi. 56, f. 7-9.

Japan.

FISSURELLIDJE.

Fissurellidince.

Macroschisma macroschisma (Chemn.) Dillwyn.

Patella macroschisma Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., XI, p. 184, pi.
197, f. 1923, 1924 (1795).

Patella macroschisma Wood, Index Testae., pi. 38, fig. 102a
(1828).

Patella macroschisma Dillw., Descript. Cat. Rec. Shells, II, p.
1062, (1817) ; reference to Humphreys excluded.

Fissurella macroschima Desh., in Lam. An. s. Vert. Edit. 2, VII,
p. 603 (exclusive of all but first reference) 1836.

Macrochisma maxima A. Adams, P. Z. S., 1850, p. 202 ; H. & A.
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., Ill, pi. 51, fio;. 5, (1858).

Macroschisma maxima Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 192 (copy of
Adams' description and figure).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, FISSURELLID^E. 107

Not Humphreys and DaCosta, Conch., pi. 7, f. 3.

Not Fissurella macroschisma Sowerby, Genera of Shells, Fiss., f.
5, =M. hiatula Swains.

Not Fissurella macroschisma Sowb., Conch. Illustr., f. 39.

Not Macrochisma maxima Sowb., Thes. Conch., Ill, pi. 244, f.
216, 217.

The prominent specific characters of this form are its very large
perforation which is suddenly dilated posteriorly to double the width
of its middle portion. The anterior part of the shell has several
carinse. In M. hiatula Sw., the hole is not thus dilated posteriorly,
nor is it so in the various figures of Humphreys and Sowerby
referred to above. Chemnitz reports the species from Japan.

Macroschisma sinensis A. Adams. PI. VI, figs. 6, 7, 8.
Pilsbry, Manual of Conch., XII, p. 190, pi. 59, f. 56-59.

Tabu-Shima (Ad.) ; Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns, twelve specimens).

Shell oblong, the length slightly exceeding twice the breadth ;
lateral margins slightly convex, subparallel, anterior margin well
rounded, posterior margin more or less truncate, often emarginate.
Anterior slope straight or slightly convex, more than half the length
of the shell ; side slopes straight.

Surface sculptured with close, fine radial striae, latticed by con-
centric raised strise, which are much less obvious on old than on
young shells ; the anterior portion having about four very inconspic-
uous low radial ridges. Color either (1) dotted, speckled and ob-
scurely banded with black on a pale buffish ground, or (2) blackish
at the sides, crimson in front and behind, or (3) crimson throughout,
with some faint blackish rays. Posterior slope very short, about
equalling the length of the eroded portion behind the hole ; gen-
erally concave, or broadly guttered behind the hole. Perfora-
tion wedge-shaped, with nearly straight sides, gradually diverging
backward ; very narrow in front, the back margin rounded, with
an eroded tract behind it. Length of hole slightly less than one-third
the entire length of the shell. Interior white with a bluish stain ;
hole-callus well marked, its edge stained with olive-black at the
sides. Peristome strongly curved upward behind, much less so in
front, the lateral margins nearly level.

Length 23J, breadth 101, alt. 6 mm.

Length 23£, breadth lOf, alt. 6£ mm.

Length 21, breadth 9f, alt. 6 mm.

This species differs from M. macroschisma in the form of the per-
foration, which is wider posteriorly but not abruptly dilated there.

108 JAPANESE MOLLU9K8, FISSURELLIDJC.

Macroschisma dilatata A. Adams. Sowerby, Thes., Ill, p. 206, f. 220 ; Man. Conch.
XII, p. 193, pi. 59, f. 63.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).

The specimen referred to this species differs from M. sinensis in
being shorter and broader, with shorter foramen and concave front
slope. Color red, with a white ray on each side.
Maoroschiima Lischkei Pilsbry. PI. VI, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).

Shell oblong, the length less than twice the breadth ; lateral mar-
gins convex, anterior margin well rounded, posterior margin bluntly
rounded, subtruncate. Anterior slope straight, decidedly less than
half the length of the shell ; side slopes straight.

Surface sculptured with fine radial striae, alternately larger 'and
smaller, finer on the forward half of the side slopes ; slightly decus-
sated by growth lines. Color either (1) uniform black, or (2)
closely speckled with black on a buff ground, or (3) crimson with
or without dusky rays. Posterior slope long for the genus, about
one-fifth the length of the entire shell ; flattened or subconcave be-
hind the hole, but not guttered. Perforation large, oblong, slightly
narrower in front, and wider behind, with a very narrow eroded tract
behind it. Length of hole contained two and one-half times in length
of shell. Interior bluish-white, the hole-callus darker at the sides.
When resting upon a plane surface, the peristome of the shell is
seen to be very much elevated behind, and but little less so in front;
the latero-basal margins strongly curved throughout.

Length 17§, breadth 9, alt. 5 mm.

Length 16, breadth 9J, alt. 5 mm.

Twenty-two specimens collected. This seems a very distinct spe-
cies ; the position and proportions of hole, the long posterior and
short anterior slope, and the strongly curved basal margins being
especially characteristic, and unlike other described forms.

Emarginulince.

Fissuridea tioaonica Reeve. Sowb., Thes., Conch., Ill, p. 197, f. 110.

Described from Ticao, Philippines ; reported from Japan by
Dunker. One specimen collected by Mr. Stearns is referable to this
species, although the foramen is rather shorter.

Fissuridea was proposed for a highly arched species from the Philippine
Is. It has hitherto been regarded as a subgenus of Fissurella. Its synonymy
is as follows :

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, FISSURELLID^E. 109

Fissuridea Swains., Malacol., p. 356, 1840, type F. galeata Helbl.
Glyphis Carpenter, P. Z. S., 1856, p. 223, type G. aspera Esch.
Not Glyphis Agassiz, 1842, nor of Gibbes, 1848, a genus of fishes.
Fissuridea Pilsbry, Nautilus, Jan., 1892, p. 104.

Fissuridea sieboldii Reeve. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 204; Dkr., Index, pi. 6,
f. 14, 15.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke). Lucapina pfeifferi Dkr., Malak., BL,
xxiv, p. 70, is said by Dunker to be identical.

Puncturella noachina Linne. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 229, pi. 27, f. 69, 70.
Japan (Dkr.).

Puncturella nobilis A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 231, pi. 63, f. 34-37.
Okosiri (Ad.).

Puncturella (Cranopsis) pelex A. Adams. Pilsbry, Manual XII, p. 241, pi. 28, f.

8.

Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Puncturella (Cranopsis"* pileolus A. Adams. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XII, p. 241, pi.
28, f. 9.

Off Mino-Shima (Ad.).

Zeidora reticulata A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 247, pi. 63, fig. between
16 and 20.

Mino-Shima (Ad.).

Zeidora calceolina A. Adams. Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 247, pi. 64, f. 27.
Strait of Corea, off Mino-Shima (Ad.).

Bimula cumingii A. Adams. Thes. Conch., Ill, p. 210, pi. 245, f. 1.
Japan (Dkr.).

Emarginula adamsiana Sowerby. Sowb., Thes. Conch., p. 214, f. 27, 28.

Japan (Sowb.). E. solidula Costa, a Mediterranean species is
said to occur in Japan, but it requires confirmation.

Emarginula scabriuscula A. Ad. Conch. Icon., Vol. 19, pi. 5, f. 30.
Japan.

Emarginula maculata A. Adams. Ad., in Sowb., Thes. Ill, p. 215, f. 31, 32; Pils.,
Man. Conch., XII, p. 263.

Goto Is. (A. Ad.).

Emarginula japonica Sowerby. Thes. Conch., Ill, p. 216, f. 43, 44.
Emarginula altilis Gld. Gld., Otia, p. 116.
Kagoshima Bay, 10 fms.

110 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, ACM^EIDJE.

Emarginula textilis Gould. Old., Otia, p. 116.

Ooshima (N. P. E. E.).

Suhemarginula picta Dkr. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 24, pi. 12, f. 15.
Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Suhemarginula (Tugalia) gigas v. Martens. (Saru-aivabi). Mart.. Conch. Mit-
thoil. II, p. 103, pi. 19 ; Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 286.

Northern Japan (Mts.).

Scutus unguis Linne". Pils., Man. Conch., XII, p. 289, pi. 40, f. 4-8. (Parmo-
phorus japonicus Tapparone-Canefri.)

Nagasaki (Stearns).

Besides the synonyms given in the Manual of Conchology, Patella
scapha Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 13, p. 3727, belongs to this species.

PHENACOLEPADIDJE.

Phenacolepas pulchellus Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., 11, p. 100, pi. 6,
f. 20-23. (Scutellina).

Nagasaki (Lischke). The generic names Scutella and Scutellina
being preoccupied, have been changed as follows :
Scutella Brod., P. Z. S., 1834, p. 47, not of Lam., 1816.
Scutellina Gray, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 168, not of Agassiz, 1841.
Phenacolepas PiUbry, Nautilus, v, 89, Dec., 1891.

Phenacolepas unguiformis Gould. Old., Otia, p. 115; Man. Conch., XII, p. 129.
(Scutellina).

Kagoshima (N. P. E. E.).

Phenacolepas scobinatus Gould. Gld., Otia, p. 115; Man. Conch., XII, p. 129.
(Scutellina).

Ooshima (N. P. E. E.).

(Docoglossa).
ACMJEIDJE.

Acmsea schrenckii Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, p. 107, pi. 8, f 1-4.
(plus A. concinna Lischke).

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Ojima, Yokohama and Hakodate (Stearns).

A wonderfully variable limpet. In the large series collected at
Ojima the typical schrenkii is represented by several varieties. Some
have the color pattern shown in Lischke's figures, others a coarsely
tessellated design ; the radial riblets being either smooth or finely
beaded. Another variety is the concinna of Lischke (Jap. Meeres-
Conch., II, pi. 6, f. 16) rounder in outline, more elevated, and all
over finely beaded, and mostly unicolored blackish ; but many in-

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, ACM^EID^. Ill

termediate specimens between this and typical schrenckii occur.
Still another form is smaller, more erect and elevated, with dull, tes-
sellated or rayed exterior, and subobsolete radial strise. The speci-
mens from Hakodate are rather small. All of the forms of A.
schrenckii have the interior stained with green or blue.
Acmaea heroldi Dkr. PI. VI, figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.

Nagasaki and Deshima (Lischke) ; Kashi-azaki, Boshiu, Eno-
shima, Sagami (Stearns).

Great numbers of this species were obtained by Mr. Stearns. It
is readily distinguishable from all forms of A. schrenckii by the
brown-black and white (not blue or green) interior. Dunker's P.
pygmcea is probably a synonym.

A white variety, ray-variegated with reddish-brown, occurs at
Tokyo Harbor and Kamakura (Stearns).
Acmaea conulus Dkr. Man. Conch., XIII, pi. 9, f. 17, 18.

Yokohama, Enoshima, Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Deshima
(Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Typical specimens agreeing with the figures cited were collected
by Mr. Stearns.

Acmaea dorsuosa Gould. Man. Conch., XIII, p. 45, pi. 33, f. 88 j pi. 9, f. 15, 16.

Hakodate (Gould) ; Ooshima (Challenger) ; Enoshima (Stearns).
Acmaea saccharina Linne. Man. Conch., XIII, pi. 36, f. 60-64.

Coast of Kii (Stearns) ; Ooshima (Challenger) ; Nagasaki
(Lischke) ; Deshima (Nuhn).

Many specimens were collected, agreeing in the main with Reeve's
Patella lanx. The inside has a wide black margin, interrupted at
the positions of the principal ribs with white. Spatula is either
stained irregularly with brown, or has a large black patch and
numerous dots, somewhat as in the var. stellaris Q. & G.
Acmaea grata Gould. Otia Conch., p. 115.

North shores of Nippon (N. P. Exped.).

Acmcea patina Esch., digitalis Esch. and testudinalis Mull., have
been reported from Japan, see Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 93, etc.

LEPETIDJE.

Lepeta caeca Mttller. Pils., Man. Conch., XIII, p. 68, pi. 40, f. 29-32.
Northern Japan (Dkr.).

Lepeta (Cryptobranchia) concentrica Middendorff. Pils., Man. Conch., XIII, p.
69, pi. 40, f. 33-37.

Northern Japan, Aleutian Is.

112 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PATELLID^.

PATELLIDJE.
Patella (Scutellastra) stelleeformis Reeve. 'Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XIII, p. 98.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.) ; Japan (Stearns).

The specimens are like pi. 17, figs. 25, 27 of Man. Conch., rude
and irregular.

Helcioniscus nigrisquamatus Reeve. PI. VII, figs. 1, 2.
Pilsbry, Man. of Conch., XIII, p. 125, pi. 48, f. 13-15.

Coast of Prov. Ise (Stearns) ; Coast of Kii (Stearns) ; Ogasawara,
Benin Is. (Stearns).

The specimens from the Province of Kii are small. One is re-
presented in figs. 1, 2, of pi. VII. Those from Ise are larger, agreeing
well with Reeve's figures, and his type may very likely be from this
region. As they grow older, the interior loses its black-brown spots.
The localities " Australia " and " Chili " previously given for this
species are false.

Helcioniscus nigrisquamatus boninengis Pils. PI. VII, fig. 3.
Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIII, p. 131, pi. 66, f. 1, 2 ; pi. 67, f. 3.

This is the large form from Bonin Is. (Stearns). It probably in-
tergrades completely with nigrisquamatus, but all the specimens I
have seen have a larger central spatula. A very elevated individ-
ual is figured.

Helcioniscus Btearnsii Pilsbry. PI. VII, figs. 4, 5, 6.
Man. Conch., XIII, p. 132, pi. 48, f. 16-18.

Coast of Prov. of Kii (Stearns, 1890). This species is readily dis-
tinguished from H. nigrisquamatus by the more anteriorly curved
blunter apex, more convex posterior slope, etc. The central spatula
varies from chestnut clouded in its depth with creamy to cream
color clouded with brown. It is more solid than specimens of nigri-
squamatus of the same size.

Helcioniscus pallidut Gld. Man. of Conch., XIII, p. 133, pi. 67, f. 9, 10. P.
lamanonii Schrenck, Amur!., pi. 14, f. 6-9.

Hakodate (Stearns, Stimpsou, Schrenck, Dkr.) ; Yamada Har-
bor (Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p. 114).

Helcioniscus eucosmius Pilsbry. PI. VII, figs. 7, 8, 9, 10.
Man. Conch., XIII, p. 148, pi. 71, f. 61-64.

Enoshima (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Stearns).

This is a solider, more erectly conical species than H. amussitata
or toreuma, and the apex is less directed forward. The coloration,
while characteristic, varies greatly. The species is not known from

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, POLYPLACOPHORA. 113

any locality outside of Japan. It is a very abundant form at Eno-
shirna. The central spatula is generally deep brown with a lighter
spot in the cavity of the apex, but sometimes it is orange (fig. 8) or
even in rare cases creamy.

Helcioniscus toreuma Reeve. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, pi. 8, f. 12-15 ; II

pi. 6, f. 12.

Nagasaki (Stearns, Lischke) ; Enoshima (Stearns) ; Hakodate
(Stearns) ; Banda, Boshiu (Stearns).

Even Lischke's splendid series of figures do not exhaust the color
variations of this Protean limpet. After examining several hundred
examples I am unable to retain P. amussitata Rv. as a distinct spe-
cies. The form I at one time called " nigrolineata var. divergens "
is also merely a heavy, large toreuma.

Helcioniscus nigrolineatus Reeve. Lischke, 1. c., I, pi. 8, f. 5-11 ; II, pi. 7, f. 1-

6.

Enoshima (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.) ;
Toba, S.-E. of Nippon (St. John).

The curious variety with vermiculate blackish concentric lines
(Lischke, pi. 8, fig. 10) was also collected by Mr. Stearns.

[NOTE. Helcioniscus exaratus and Patella dypeaster have been
reported from Japan, but on insufficient evidence ; a specimen of H.
testudinarius L. was brought from Japan by Mr. Stearns, but it
probably was not native there].

AMPHINEURA.
LEPIDOPLETJKIDJE.

Lepidopleurus fuliginatus Adams & Reeve. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV, p. 10.

Corea (Ad.).

Lepidopleurus concinnus Gould. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV, p. 11.

Hakodate, on stones and shells (N. P. E. E.).

Lepidopleurus (Deshayesiella) curvatus Carpenter. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV,
p. 16.

Okosiri (A. Ad.).

ISCHNOCHITONID^:.

Chaetopleura asperior Carpenter. Man. Conch, xv, p. 74, pi. 15, f. 38-41.
Tonicella marmorea Fabr. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV, p. 41.
Northern Japan.

Tonicella submarmorea Midd. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV, p. 42. Catharina
submarmorea Dkr., Index, p. 159. Ch. insignis Rve.
8

114 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, POLYPLACOPHORA.

Tonioella lineata Wood. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV, p. 42.
Northern Japan.

Trachydermon (Spongioradsia) multidentatus Cpr. Pilsbry, Man. Conch., XIV,
p. 85 ; XV, p.

Bonin Is. (N. P. E. K).

Ischnochiton (Stenoradsia) lindholmi Schrenck. Schr., Reisen im Ainurlande, II,
p. 288, pi. 12, f. 9-16 ; Pils., Man., XIV, p. 85.

Bay of Hakodate (Schr.).
I have not seen this species.

Ischnochiton comptus Gould. Pile., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 117.

Ooshima, Bonin and Liukiu Is. (Stirap.).

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) mertensi Midd. Pils., Man. XIV, p. 125.

Reported from Hakodate by Dkr., Index, p. 158.

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) coreanicus Adams A Reeve. A. A R., Voy. Samarang,
pi. 15, f. 9; Pils., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 129.

Corean Archipelago, under stones (Ad.) ; Bay of Hakodate
(Schrenck).

Ischnochiton (Lepidozona) craticmlatus Gould. Pils., Man. Conch., XV, p. 84
pi. 17, f. 62, 63.

China Seas or Japan. (N. P. E. E.).

Type is in U. S. Nat. Museum.
Ischnochiton cultratus Carpenter. Pils., Man. Conch., XV, p. 82, pi. 17, f. 57-59.

Hakodate (N. P. E. E.).
Type is in U. S. Nat. Museum.

Ischnochiton (Isohnoradsia) hakodadensis Carpenter. Pils., Man. Conch., XIV,
p. 147, pi. 19, f. 64-66.

Hakodate (N. P. E. E.).
Type is in Mus. Phila. Acad.

Ischnoohiton (Isohnoradsia) albrechti Schrenck. Pils., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 147,
pi. 19, f. 70-74. Lepidoradia granojiloaa Cpr.

Hakodate (Schreuck) ; Endermo Harbor (St. John, Smith).

Callistochiton jacobaeus Gould. Pils., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 267.
Simoda (N. P. E. E.).

Nuttallina alternata Sowerby. Pils., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 281.
Japan (Cuming).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, DENTALIID^E. 115

MOPALIIDJE.

Mopalia middendorffii ^chrenck. Pils., Man. Conch., XIV, p. 301.
Bay of Castries (Schr.).

Placiphorella stimpsonii Gould. Pils., Man. of Conch., XIV, p. 307, pi. 62, f. 84-

87.

Hakodate Bay, in 25 fms. (N. P. E. E.).
ACANTHOCHITID2E.

Acanthochites rubrolineatus Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 73,
pi. 5, f. 12; Pils., Man., XV, p. 18.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; E. coast of Japan (Stearns).
Acanthochites achates Gould. Gld., Otia, p. 118.
Kikaia and Hakodate Bay (N. P. E. E.).

Acanthochites defilippii Tapparone-Canefri. Pils., Man. Conch., XV, p. 19.
Stectoplax porrecta Cpr. mss.

Yokohama ("Magenta").
Acanthochites circellatus Adams & Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 180.

I. of Quelpart, Corean Archipelago (Ad.).
Acanthochites scutiger Adams <fc Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 178.

Cryptochiton stelleri Middendorff. Pils., Man. Conch., XV, p. 48, pi. 7, f. 9-13 ;
Smith, Ann. Mag., XVI, 1875, p. 115.

Endermo Harbor (St. John, Smith), and northward.

Two varieties have been described from the western Pacific,
violaceus Nordm. and apicalis Pils.

CHITONID.E.
Chiton aquatilis Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 73 ; Pilsbry, Man., XIV, p. 169.

Tsu-Shima.

Probably Ch. densiliratus Cpr. (Pils., Manual, p. 169) is a syno-
nym.

Liolophura japonica Lischke. Pils., Manual, XIV, p. 242, pi. 52, f. 41-44. Ch.
defilippii Tap. -Can.

Enoshima (Stearns) ; Ooshima (Challenger) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Liolophura japonica var. tessellata Pils. Enoshima (Stearns).
Liolophura loochooana Brod. & Sowb. Pils., Man., XIV, p. 244.
Loo Choo Is. (Belcher).

SCAPHOPODA.
DENTALIIDJE.

Dentalium vernedei Hanley. Sowb., Thes. Conch., Ill, p. 101, f. 3,
Japan (Dkr.).

116 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PELECYPODA.

Dentalium octogonum Lam. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, pi. 5, f. 1-3. Z).
hexagonum Gld., Lischke,!. c., pi. 5, f. 4-7; D. japonicum Dkr., Ind. Moll. Mar.
Jap., p. 153, pi. 5, f. 2.

Kii coast (Stearns) ; Matozaand Ooshima Harbors, 6-8 fras. (St.
John).

From a study of several hundred specimens collected by Mr.
Stearns I am disposed to consider octogonum, hexagonum and japon-
icum merely forms of one species. The development of interstitial
longitudinal riblets is very variable.
Dentalium sexcostatum Sby. Ann. Mag., 1875, Vol. XVI, p. 113.

Cape Shima, 18 fath.,Goza Harb., 6 fath., sandy mud (St. John).
Dentalium weinkauffi Dunker. Dkr., Index, p. 153, pi. 5,f. 1.

Japan (Dkr.) ; Bishiu coast (Stearns).

In the specimens before me the longitudinal riblets do not extend
so far toward the aperture as Dunker's figure shows.
Dentalium buooinulum Old. Otia Conoh., p. 119.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Dentalium yokohamense Watson. Challenger Gaatrop, 1873-6, XV, p. 11, pi. 2, f.

Yokohama, 8 fathoms (Chall.).
Dentalium semipolitum Sby. Ann. Mag., 1875, XVI, p. 113.

Cape Shima and Matoza Harb., 6-18 fath. (St. John).

PELECYPODA.
TELEODESMACEA.

(Adesmacea.)
TEREDINIDJE.

Teredo japonioa Clessin. Conchyl. Cab., p. 78, pi. 20, f. 9, 10.
Japan.

PHOLADIDJE.
Pholas (Barnea) fragilis Sowerby. Thes., 11, p. 488, f. 92, 93.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Pholas (Barnea) manilensis Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 51, pi. 1, f. 2.

Numerous fresh specimens collected by Stearns, but exact locality
unknown. The margins of the gape are less acutely denticulate
than in typical examples, and more concave. These differences prob-
ably indicate a distinct race, which may be called var. inornata.

Zirphaea crispata Linne, Japan (Dkr., Stearns).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MYACEA. 117

Jouannetia cumingii Sowb. P. Z. S., 1849, p. 161, pi. 5, f. 3
Japan (Dkr.).

Parapholas penita Conrad. Tokyo (Dkr.).

Parapholas piriformis Dunker. Index, p. 171, pi. 14, f. 7.

Japan (Dunker).
Martesia striata Linne. Japan (Dunker).

(Myaeea).

GASTROCHJENIDJE.
Gastrochaena grandis Desh. Dkr., Index, p. 171, pi. 14, f. 10, 11.

Japan (Dkr.).
Gastrocheena mumia Spengl. Japan (Dkr.).

SAXICAVID.E.

Glycimeris generosa Gld. Japan (Stearns).
Glycimeris japonica A. Adams. Ad., P. Z. S., 1849, p. 170, pi. 6, f. 5.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Bay of Hakodate (Gld., for P. fragilis
Old., Otia Conch., p. 163).

Glycimeris plicata Mont. Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., Ill, p. 75, pi. 3, f. 2.

Corea Strait (Jeffreys).

Saxicava arctica Linn. Ohosaka (Lischke); Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Nemoto, Boshiu
(Stearns).

CORBTTLIDJE.

Corbula erythrodon Lam.

Prov. Kii (Stearns) ; Yokohama, Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke).
Corbula pallida Hinds. C. Icon., f. 4.

Japan (Dkr.).
Corbula bifrons A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1860, V, p. 412.

Strait of Corea, 63 fms., off Mino-Shima; Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Corbula venusta Gld. Otia Conch., p. 164 ; Reisen im Amurl., pi. 25, f. 1-4.

Hakodate Bay, 5-8 fathoms, shelly sand (Stimpson).
Corbula cuneata Hinds. Moll. Voy. Sulphur, pi. 20, f. 6.

Mososeki, Kuro-Shima (Ad.).
Erodona amurensis Schrenck. Reis. im Amurl., p. 584, pi. 25, f. 5-8.

Northern Japan.
Erodona labiata Maton. C. Icon., Corbula, sp. 28.

Japan (Dkr.).

118 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MACTRACEA.

Basterotia gouldii A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 178, pi. 9, f. 7-11.

Seto-Uchi, Yobuko, Mososeki (Ad.).
Basterotia stimpsonii A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1864, p. 310 ; 1868, p. 366.

Mososeki ; Akasi (Ad.)
Basterotia reoluzi A. Ad. Ibid. Yobuko (Ad.).

MYACIDJE.
Mya arenaria var. japonioa Jay. Jay in Perry's U. 8. Japan Exped., II, pi. 1, f.

7, 10. (+" Mya acuta Say," Sowb., C. Icon., XX, pi. 3, f. 12).

East coast Nippon (Stearns). The specimens are small, thin,
and attenuated posteriorly. Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Hakodate
(Perry).

Mya trunoata LinnC>. Midd., Sib. Reie. II, pi. 25, f. 11-14. Ochotch Sea (Midd.).
Cryptomya elliptioa A. Ad. Dkr., Index, pi. 7, f. 17-19.
Mososeki (Ad.).

Cryptomya mindoroensis Ads. A Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 82, pi. 23, f, 13.

Akasi (Ad.).

Cryptomya deourtata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1868, p. 366.
Kuro-Shima (Ad.).

(Mactracea).
MESODESMATIDJE.

Paphia striata Chemn. Japan (Dkr., Index, p. 195).
Ervillia japonioa A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1862, p. 224.
Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

Ervillia bisculpta Gould. Otia Conch., p. 166 ; (syn. : E. australis Angas, P. Z. S.,
1877, p. 175, pi. 26, f. 21).

Kagoshima, 5 fath., sand (Stimpson).
Ervillia livida Old. Otia Conch., p. 166.

Kagoshima Bay, 5 fath., sand (Stimp.).
Caecella chinensis Desh. Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. 133, pi. 10, f. 5, 6.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Donacilla piota Dkr. Index, p. 195, pi. 7, f. 7-10.

CABDILIIDJE.
Cardilia semisulcata Desh. Dkr., Index, p. 213, pi. 8, f. 1-3.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

MACTEIDJE.
Mactra sulcataria Deshayes. C. Icon., f. 5.

Nagasaki and Tokyo Harbor (Lischke) ; Yokosko Harbor and
Sagami Bay (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MACTRACEA. 119

Mactra ornata Gray. C. Icon., f. 58.

Japan (Dkr.).
Mactra spectabilis Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 120, pi. 11, f. 1, 2.

Kiushiu (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

Mactra veneriformis Deshayes. C. Icon., f. 2 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 63, pi. 22, f. 3, 8a.

Kiushiu, Tokyo Harbor (Lischke). Numerous young specimens
taken by Stearns.
Mactra veneriformis var. zonata Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 121, pi. 9, f. 7, 8.

Bay ofYedo.
Mactra lurida Phil. Abbild. II, p. 136, pi. 3, f. 3.

Luchu Is.
Mactra crossei Dkr. Index, p. 183, pi. 7, f. 1-4.

Tokyo (Rein).
Mactra bonneaui Bernardi. Journ. de Conch., 1858, p. 92, pi. 2, f. 2.

Strait of Tartary (Bern.) ; Coast of Prov. Kii (Stearns). It is
very like M. veneroides.

Mactra straminea Dkr. Index, p. 183, pi. 7, f. 5, 6.
Japan (Dkr.).

Mactra sachalinensis Schrenck. Amurlandes Moll., p. 575, t. 23, f. 3-7 ; (Syn. :
M. luhdorfii Dkr., Novit. Conch., p. 60, pi. 20, f. a, c.

Hakodate, used very commonly for food (Stearns, et at).

Spisula grayana Schrenck. Phil., Abbild., I, p. 165, pi. 1, f. 1, as M. ponderosa,
Ochotch Sea (Midd.).

Eaeta pulchella Adams & Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 23, f. 1 ; (Syn. Jf. rostralis
Desh., C, Icon., VIII, Mactra, f. 119).

Off Yokohama in 8 to 14 fathoms (Chall.) ; Yokohama (Stearns).
Eaeta pellicula Desh. C. Icon., f. 124. Japan (Cuming).
Eaeta yokohamensis n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 4, 5.

Shell small, thin, fragile, white, inflated, ovate-triangular ; beaks
somewhat posterior. Anterior end broad, rounded, posterior end
very narrow, triangular ; beaks and dorsal slopes of valves coarsely
concentrically corrugated ; median and lower portion of valves
smooth. Lunule large ; chondrophore small, but little projecting.
Adductor and pallial impressions not distinguishable. Length 17,
alt. 12, diam. 8J mm.

Yokohama (Stearns).

120 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, 8OLENACEA.

Eastonia (Merope) aegyptiaca Chemn. Japan (Dkr.).

Tresui nuttalli Conrad. Midd., Mai. Ross., Ill, pi. 19, f. 1-4 (maxima Midd.).

Yedo (Lischke); Hakodate (Stimp.) ; Yokohama Bay (Stearns).
Lutraria maxima Jonas. C. Icon., Lutraria, f. 11.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Lutraria arcuata Desh. C. Icon., f. 6.

Japan (Dkr.).
Lutraria sieboldi Desh. C. Icon., VIII, f. 15.

Japan (Cuming).
Lutraria lucida Gld. Otia Conch., p. 168.

Kagoshiraa (Stimpson).

(Solenacea).
SOLENIDJE.
Solen grandis Dunker. Novit. Conch., p. 71, pi. 24, f. 5.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Japan (Stearns).
Solen linearis Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 23, pi. 9, f. 4.

Japan (Dunker).

Solen oornens Lamarck. Conchyl. Cab., p. 9, pi. 3, f. 8, 9.
Japan (Dunker).

Solen gouldii Conrad. Dkr., Index, p. 173, pi. 16, f. 11.

Nagasaki, Hakokate (Stearns) ; Enoshima.

Solen sicarius Gould. Conchyl. Cab., p. 24, pi. 9, f. 1.

Japan Sea (Dunker).
Solen gracilis Old. Otia Conch., p. 165 ; C. Icon., XIX, pi. 4, f. 17.

Hakodate, sandy beaches (Stimpson).
Solen strictus Gld. Otia Conch., p. 165.

Hakodate Bay (Stimpson).

Solen incertus Clessin. Conchyl. Cab., p. 31, pi. 12, f. 8.

Hakodate (?).
Solen krusengternii Schrenck. Reisen im Amurl., II, p. 594, pi. 25, f. 9-12.

Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Akashi Bay (Stearns).
Cultellus attenuatus Dkr. Novit. Conch., p. 72, pi. 24, f. 4.

Japan (Dkr.).

Cultellus marmoratus Dunker. Index, p. 174, pi. 7, f. 24.
Japan (Dkr.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TELLINACEA. 121

XJultellus philippianus Bunker. Index, p. 174, pi. 7, f. 23.
Japan (Dunker).

Cultellus cultellus Linne. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Siliqua pulchella Dunker. Novit. Conch., p. 20, pi. 6, f. 4, 5.

Kiushiu and Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; between Tokyo and
Ooshima (Stearns).
•Siliqua japonica Dunker. Conchyl. Cab., p. 63, pi. 18, f. 5.

Japan (Dkr.). Is it identical with the preceding ?
Siliqua sodalis Gld. Otia Conch., p. 165.

Hakodate Bay (Stimpson).

Siliqua minima Gmelin. Conchyl. Cab., p. 68, pi. 5, f. 1, 2. (Syn. : S- albidus
A. & R., Zool. Samarang, pi. 23, f. 15).

Japan Sea (Dunker).

Solecurtus constrictus Lamarck. Dkr., Index, pi. 7, f. 25.
Japan (Dkr.).

.Solecurtus (Macha) divaricata Lischke. Dkr., Index, p. 175, pi. 7, f. 26; Lischke,
J. M. C., I, p. 142, pi. 10, f. 1, 2.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea ; Enoshima (Stearns).
(Tellinaeea).
DONACIDJE.
Donax australis Lam. Roemer, Monogr. Donacidse, pi. 17, f. 4-6.

Boshiu (Stearns). Most of the specimens are deep purple within,
like Homer's figure of D. deshayesii Dkr.
Donax bicolor Gmelin. Conchyl. Cab., pi. 16, f. 12-16.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Yokohama (Martens). These localities
probably pertain to specimens which agree with Reeve's figures, and
are, according to Bertin, D. australis.
Donax dysoni Deshayes. C. Icon., VIII, f. 54.

Nagasaki, Tokyo Harbor (Lischke) ; Yokohama Harbor (Mar-
tens).

Donax introradiatus Reeve. C. Icon., f. 65 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 75, pi. 13, f. 5-8.

Japan (Homer).
Donax semigranosus Dkr. Index, p. 193, pi. 7, f. 14, 15, 16 (1882).

Japan (Dkr., Stearns). Some specimens are yellow outside ; but
the prevailing form is yellow-stained white, with blue markings
toward the beaks, and more or less purple inside. I am disposed to
believe this species a color variety of D. proximus Bertin.

122 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TELLINACEA.

Donaz proximus Berlin. Nouv. Arch, du Mus., 1881, p. 100, pi. 3, f. 2 a, c.

Japan (Allart, Stearns).

PSAMMOBIID.E.

Asaphis deflorata Linn.'.

It is doubtful whether the oriental species is really Linnaeus' form,
which may be the same as the West Indian species A. coccinea Mar-
tyn. If this be the case, the East Asian Asaphis may be more prop-
erly called A. ruyosa Lam.

Stearns procured specimens in Japan (exact locality unknown),
and in the Loo Choo group.

Psammobia bipartita Phil. Conch. Cab., VI, p. 100, pi. 10, f. 92.
Bay of Yedo (Lischke, P. ccerulescens).

Psammobia occidens Chemn. C. Icon., f. 11. Japan (Dkr.).
Psammobia oriens Desh. C. Icon., f. 1. Japan (Dkr.).
Psammobia ornata Desh. C. Icon., f. 26. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Psammobia corrugata Deah. C. Icon., f. 9. Japan (Dkr.).

Psammobia radiata Dkr. Abbild., I, p. 94, pi. 2, f. 5 (P. amethystus Rve.. C.
Icon., f. 19).

Japan (Dkr.).
Soletellina ohinensis Chemn. C. Icon., f. 9, as S. truncata.

Japan (Dkr.).
Soletellina boeddinghausi Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 118, pi. 9, f. 9.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

Soletellina violaoea Lam. C. Icon., f. 4. Nagasaki (Lischke).
Soletellina dephos Linne. Conchyl. Cab., VI, p. 68, pi. 7, f. 53, 54.

Japan (Dkr.).
Soletellina moesta Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 99, pi. 8, f. 4-6.

Yedo (Lischke). One specimen collected by Stearns measures
38 mm. long.

Soletellina atrata Desh. C. Icon., f. 14. Tokyo (Dkr.).

Soletellina olivacea Jay. J. M. C., I, p. 131 ; III, p. 98, pi. 8, f. 7-12.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Bay of Yedo (Perry) ; near Sakai, Inland

Sea (Stearns).

Soletellinajaponica Desh. C. Icon., f. 16. Japan (Siebold).

Soleteilina nuttalli Conr. Journ. Acad. N. S. Phila., 1837, pi. 17, f. 6 ; Psam.
decora Hinds, Voy. Sulphur, pi. 9, f. 6, 7.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Hakodate (Schrenck, Stimpson).

JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, TELLINACEA. 123

SEMELIDJE.
Semele zebuensis Hanley. C. Icon., VIII, Amphidesma, f. 25.

Japan (Dkr.).

Semele sinensis A. Ad. Ibid, f. 28. Japan (Dkr.).
Semele californica A. Ad. Ibid, f. 19; Schrenck, Ainurl. Moll., pi. 22, f. 10.

Strait of Tartary.
Semele hanleyi Angas. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 859, pi. 54, f. 1.

Japan (Belcher).
Semele duplicata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 166.

Kagoshima Bay, 6 fath., sand (Stimp.).
Theora lubrica Gld. Dkr., Index, p. 181, pi. 7, f. 20-22.

Hakodate Bay, in 6 fath., mud (Stimpson).
Theora iridescens Hinds. Chall. Lamell, XIII, p. 89, pi. V, f. 6, 6f.

Yobuko (A. Adams).

Theora fragilis A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1855, p. 226. Japan.
Endopleura nitida Gld. Otia, p. 162. Japan (A. Ad.).
lacra japonica A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1864, p. 308.

Oki-no-Shima (Ad.).

Leptomya spectabilis Hanley. P. Z. S., 1882, p. 576; Jour. Lin. Soc., XVI, 1883,
pi. 12, f. 7.

Japan ? (Mus. Hanley).

Leptomya cochlearis Hinds. Goto, Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.).
Leptomya adunoa Gld. (Scrobicularia). Otia, p. 167. Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

TELLINIDJE.

Tellina perna Spengl. Japan (Dkr., Stearns).
Tellina vulsella Chemn. C. Icon., f. 56.

Kiushiu and Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Japan (Stearns).
Tellina pulcherrima Sowb. Tank. Cat. App., pi. 1, f. 1.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Tellina staurella Lam. Japan (Stearns).

Kiisters' Conchyl. Cab., Tellinidse, p. 19, pi. 2,f. 11-13 ; pi. 7, f.
6-8. " T. eruciata Spengl,".

Tellina galatea Lam. Abbild., I, p. 71, pi. 1, f. 1 ( T. sericina).
Tellina diaphana Desh. Conchy!. Cab., p. 47, pi. 13, f. 7, 8, 9.

Nagasaki (Birileff).

124 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, TELLINACEA.

Tellina ovalis Sowb. C. Icon., f. 105. Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Tellina jedoensis Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 92, pi. 9, f. 1-3.
Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

Tellina rosea Spongier. Conchyl. Cab., p. 57, pi. 16, f. 1, 2, 3.

Hakodate (Schrenck).
Tellina compressissima Reeve. C. Icon., f. 328. Japan.

Tellina venulosa Schrenck. (lutea Gray). Conchyl. Cab., p. 121, pi. 28, f. 8-10;
Midd. Sib. Reise, pi. 21, f. 2, 3.

Hakodate and northward (Schrenck).
Tellina nux Hanley. Thes., I, p. 251, pi. 56, f. 33.

Deshima (Dkr.).
Tellina lubrica Gld. Otia Conch., p. 167.

Hakodate Bay, 6 fath., mud (Stirap.).
Gastrana yantaiensis Crosse A Debeauz. J. C., 1863, pi. 9, f. 2.

Japan (Dkr.).
Gastrana japonica v. Martens. Conchyl. Cab., p. 275, pi. 51, f. 5-8, 9.

Yokokama Harbor.
Aroopagia siamensis Martens. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 18.

Inland Sea (Stearns). A short form.
Macoma nasuta Conrad. Conchy]. Cab., p. 229, pi. 44, f. 5-8.

Hakodate.

Macoma inquinata Desh., T. incongrua v. Martens. J. M. < '.. II, pi. 10, f. 12, 13
Yokohama Bay, Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Prov. Kii (Stearns).

Tellina (Angulus) nitidula Dunker. Moll. Jap., p. 27, pi. 3, f. 14; J. M. C., II,
pi. 10, f. 10, 11.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Deshima (Dkr.) ; Yokohama (Martens) ;
Kamakura (Stearns).

Tellina rhomboides Q. & G. Astrol., Ill, p. 502, pi. 81, f. 4-7.

Bay of Yedo.
Tellina (Angulus) pallidula Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 114, pi. 10, f. 6, 7.

Nagasaki (Rein).
Tellina rutila Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 27, pi. 3, f. 6.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Yokohama (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Birileff ).
Tellina iridella v. Martens. J. M. C., II, p. 114, pi. 10, f. 8, 9.

Nagasaki and Tokyo Bays (Lischke) ; Kamakura (Stearns).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VENERACEA. 125

Tellina iridescens Bens. Thes., I, p. 286, pi. 58, f. 88.

South Japan (Lischke).
Tellina minuta Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 94, pi. 9, f. 4-6.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Tellina praetexta v. Martens. Conchyl. Cab., p. 239, pi. 45, f. 8-10.

Yokohama Bay (Martens) ; Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke) ; E. coast
below Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).
Macoma ala Hanley. Conchyl. Cab., p. 236, pi. 45, f. 5-7.

Japan (Hanley).
Macoma dissimilis v. Martens. J. M. C., II, p. 115, pi. 10, f. 15-17.

Tokyo Bay (Martens).
Macoma edentula Brod. et Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 224, pi. 43, f. 7-10.

North Japan.
Macoma truncata Jonas. Conchyl. Cab., p. 248, pi. 47, f. 4-6.

Tokyo Bay (Lischke).

Macoma praemitis Romer. Conchyl. Cab., p. 257, pi. 48, f. 7-9.

Japan (Roemer, Stearns).
Macoma inconspicua Broderip et Sowerby. Conchy]. Cab., p. 220, pi. 42, f. 7-10.

Hakodate.
Macoma lenticularis Sowb. C. Icon., f. 342. Japan.

Macoma secta Conr. (T. japonica Desh). Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Sakai, Inland

Sea (Stearns).

( Veneracea).
GLAUCOMYIDJE,

Glaucomya angulata Reeve. Odawara (Stearns).

PETRICOLIDJE.

Petricola japonica Dkr. Index, p. 209, pi. 9, f. 4-6.

Kisenuraa (Dkr.).
Petricola aequistriata Sowb. C. Icon., XIX, f. 19.

Hamagoi, Boshiu (Stearns).

VENEEID2E.

Dosinia japonica Reeve. C. Icon., f. 17.

Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Yedo (Lischke).
Dosinia troscheli Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 89, pi. 8, f. 1-3.

Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Southern Japan (Lischke).

126 JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, VENERACEA.

Losinia biscocta Reeve. C. Icon., f. 55.

Seto-Uchi, Mososeki (A. Ad.).
Dosinia gruneri Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 23, pi. 8, f. 2.

Japan (Dkr.).

Dosinia bilunulata Gray. Roemer, Mon. Dosinia, in Novit. Conch., pi. 16, f. 1.

Yokohama ; Sagama coast (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Dosinia laminata Reeve. C. Icon.,f. 14. Japan (Dkr.).
Dosinia sieboldi Reeve. C. Icon., f. 39. Japan (Siebold).
Dosinia serioea Reeve. C. Icon., f. 36. Seto-Uchi (A. Ad.).

Dosinia angulosa Phil. Abbild., II, p. 229, pi. 6, f. 1 (Artemis penicillata Rve., C.
Icon., f. 33).

Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Dosinia traillii A. Adams. P. Z. S., 1855, p. 223.

Yokohama (Ad.).
Dosinia histrio Ginel. Goto (Ad.).
Dosinia gibba A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 204, pi. 8, f. 4-6.

Tatiyama (A. Ad.).

Dosinia orbiculata Dkr. Index, p. 204, pi. 8, f. 12-14.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cyolina orientalis Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 113, pi. 28, f. 7-9.

Yokohama (Stearns).
Cyclina splendida Roemer. P. Z. S., 1860, p. 124.

Japan (Cuming).
Cyclina bombycina Roeraer. P. Z. S., I860, p. 124.

Japan (Cuming).

Cyolina flavida Desh. Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).

Cyolina chinensis Chemn. C. Icon., f. 6.
Yokohama (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

Lucinopsis divaricata Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 90, pi. 7, f. 12-14.
Yedo, (Lischke).

Lucinopsis decussata Phil. Enum. Moll. Sicil., I, p. 22, pi. 3, f. 5.

Japan (Dkr.).
Meretrix meretrix Linne. Conchyl. Cab., p. 15, pi. 3, f. 4, 5, 6, 8. 9.

Yedo, Hakodate, Yokohama (Lischke).
Meretrix morphina Lam. Nagasaki, Simoda, Yokohama (A. Ad.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VENERACEA. 127

Meretrix lusoria Chemn. Nagasaki (Lischke) ; East coast, from Tokyo to Idzumi

(Stearns).

Meretrix (Callista) limatula Sowb. Japan (Dkr.).
Meretrix (Callista) festiva Sowb. Japan (Dkr.).

Meretrix (Callista) chinensis Chemn. S. coast of Kii (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Meretrix (Callista) squalida Sowb. Northern Japan (Schrenck).
Meretrix (Callista) pannosa Sowb. Northern Japan (Schrenck).
Meretrix (Callista) inflata Sowb. Japan (Dkr.).

Meretrix (Callista) indecora Phil. Roemer, Monogr., I, p. 81, pi. 24, f. 1.
Nagasaki (Birileff).

Lioconcha fulminea Bolt. Japan (Dkr.).
Lioconcha ornata Dillw. Japan (Dkr.).
Tivela damaoides Gray. Dkr., Index, p. 200.

Oki-no-Shiraa (Ad.).

Tivela radiata Sowerby. Tartary Strait (Schrenck).
Sunetta excavata Hanley.

Bay of Yedo and coast of Kiushiu (Lischke) ; Satanomosaki and
Kuro-Shima (A. Ad.) ; Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Yokohama, Kama-
yama, Seta coast (Stearns).

Sunetta menstrualis Menke. Conchyl. Cab , p. 85, pi. 29, f. 10-12.
Japan (Reeve).

dementia papyracea Gray. Sowerby, Thes. Conch., p. 700, pi. 151, f. 155.

Japan (A. Adams and Dkr.).
dementia similis Sowb. Thes., II, p. 700, pi. 151, f. 154. Tatiyama (Ad.).

Venus (Mercenaria) stimpsoni Gld. Otia Conch., p. 169.
Hakodate, 6 fath. (Stimpson).

Venus toreuma Gld. Expl. Exped., f. 537.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Goto Is. and Satanomosaki (Ad.).

Venus jedoensis Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, pi. 7, f. 1-9.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Yokohama (Stearns).

Venus lamellaris Schumacher. Conchyl. Cab., p. 142, pi. 8, f. 10, 11.
Japan (Dkr.).

Venus resticulata Sowb. Thes., II, p. 706, pi. 153, f. 23.

Japan (Dkr.).
Venus reticulata Linne. Japan (Dkr.).

128 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, VENERACEA.

Venus puellula Gld. Otia Conch., p. 169.

Oushiraa (Stimp.).
Cryptogramma squamosa Linne". Thes., II, pi. 156, f.83, 84.

Cnpe Nomo, Kiushiu (Ad.).
Cryptogramma roemeri Dkr. Moll. Jap., p. 26, pi. 3, f. 10.

Deshima (Nuhn) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Chione marica Linne". C. Icon., Venus, f. 104.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima, Mososeki (Ad.).
Chione crenifera Sowb. Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Chione intersecta Sowb. Seto-Uchi (Ad.).
Chione striata Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 127, pi. 5, f. 12-14.

Japan Sea.

Chione astartoides Beck. Northern Japan (Shrenck).
Chione foliacea Chemn. Abbild., II, pi. 5, f. 1.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Chione isabellina Phil. Japan (Dkr.).
Chione calophylla Phil. Japan (Dkr.).
Chione oardioides Lain. Oki-no-Shima (Ad.).
Chione histrionica Brod. A, Sby. Hakodate (Ad.).
Chione scabra Hanley.

Between Is. of Sikoku and Nippon, 50 fathoms, and Kobe", 8-50
fathoms (Challenger).
Chione roscida Gld. Otia Conoh., p. 169.

Oushima, 15 fath., sand (Stimp.).
Chione undulata Born.

Between Is. of Sikoku and Nippon, 50 fathoms, sand hottom (Chal-
lenger).

Circe scripta Linne. Dunker, Index, p. 201.

Kishiu (Stearns).

Circe divaricata Cheran. Inland Sea (Stearns).
Circe aequivoca Chemn. Simidsu (A. Ad.).
Circe dispar Chemn. Roemer, Venus, p. 184, pi. 50, f. 1.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Tago, Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).

Circe gibbia Lam. Japan (A. Ad.).
Gouldia dilecta Gld. Otia Conch., p. 170.
Kagoshima (Stimp.).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VENERACEA. 129

Venerupis monstrosa Chemn.

Japan (Dkr., Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Tsu-Shima,
Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).

Venerupis irus Linne. Japan (Dkr., Stearns).
Venerupis semipurpurea Dkr.'Index, p. 208.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns). Hardly distinct from Japanese speci-
mens referred to the preceding species.

Venerupis insignis Desh. Japan (Dkr.).

Venerupis exotica Lam. Delessert, Recueil, pi. 5, f. 3.
Japan (Dkr.).

Venerupis macrophylla Desh. Japan (Dkr.).
Tapes exaratus Phil. Abbild., II, p. 109, pi. 5, f. 6.
Kuro-Shima (Ad.).

Tapes liratus Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 76. pi. 7, f. 5.
Japan (Dkr.).

Tapes sulcarius Lam. Japan (Dkr.).
Tapes undulatus Born. Abbild., Ill, pi. 7, f. 7 (V. rimosa).
Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Tatiyama (A. Ad.).

Tapes euglyptus Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 76, pi. 7, f. 3 j J. M. C., Ill, p. 80, pi. 6, f.
8-11.

' Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

Tapes schnellianus Dkr. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 80, pi. 6, f. 1-4; Dkr., Novit.

Conch., p. 75, pi. 25, f. 7-9.

Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Tapes amabilis Philippi. J. M. C., Ill, p. 82, pi. 6, f. 5-7.

Tago (Adams) ; Shidaka coast (Stearns). Some specimens are
marked with from two to four radial series of purple-brown blotches.

Tapes vernicosa Grid. Otia Conch., p. 168.

Kagoshima Bay and off Hakodate Cape, 20 fath., coarse sand
(Stimp.) ; Tatiyama (A. Ad.).

Tapes greeffei Dkr. Index, p. 207, pi. 8, f. 15-17.
Kagoshima (Dkr.).

Tapes semirugata Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 76, pi. 7, f. 4.

Near Sakai, Inland Sea (Stearns).
9

130 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, VENERACEA.

Tapes punctata Chemnitz.

Japan (Stearns). Several specimens agreeing well with Reeve's
fig. 16a ("radiata").

Tapes philippinarum Adams <k Reeve. Ad. A Rv., Voy. Samarang, pi. 22, f. 10;
Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, pi. 5, f. 17-26

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; coast from Tokyo to Ojima (Stearns) ;
Seta coast (Stearns) ; Nagasaki, Hakodate (Lischke).

Some specimens agree well in color with the figure in the Sama-
raug Zoology ; others show lines and zigzags. The typical form is
deep purple in the pallial sinus and its vicinity. The var. ducalis
Roemer, id entirely white within. Lischke does not recognize
Roemer's form as distinct.

Tapes variegatus Hanley. Thes., II, p. ft96, pi. 151, f. 133-138.
Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke).

Tapes bruguieri Hanley. Kino-o-Shima (Ad.).
Saxidomus purpuratus Desh.

Yedo (Lischke) ; Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Seto-Uchi, Mososeki (A.
Ad.) ; Tokyo Harbor (Stearns).

Gomphina donacina Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 185, pi. 23, f. 1, 2.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Gomphina melanaegis Roemer. Novit. Conch., p. 40, pi. 12, f. 12, 13; Jap. Meerea-
Com-.h., Ill, pi. 7, f. 10, 11.

Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Gemma gemma Totten. Aniwa Bay (A. Ad.).

(Isocardiacea).
ISOCARDIIDJE.
Isocardia tetragona Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 76, pi. 22, f. 1.

Japan Sea.

Isooardia moltkiana Chemn. Ibid, pi. 22, f. 3.
Corea Strait.

( Tridacnacea).

TEIDACNIDJE.

Hippopus maculatus Linn. S. Japan (Stearns).
Tridacna squamosa Lam. Ohosaka, Hiogo (Lisohke).

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, CARDIACEA. 131

( Cardiacea).
CARDIID2E.

Cardium burchardi Dkr. Index, p. 210, pi. 18, f. 4-6.

Sagami (Dkr.).
Cardium californiense Desh. Mai. Ross., p. 40, pi. 15, f. 23-25.

E. coast, Tokyo to Ojima (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Lischke).
Cardium arenicola Reeve. C. Icon., f. 78.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Cardium exasperatum Sowb. C. Icon., f. 107.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cardium modestum Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 77, pi. 22, f. 6.

Cardium muticum Reeve. Reeve, Concb. Icon., II, f. 32 ; Dkr., Moll. Jap., pi. 3, f.

16 (japonicum).

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns) ; Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke) ; Deshima
(Dkr.) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

Cardium papyraceum Chemn. Conchyl. Cab., p. 78, pi. 3, f. 4, and pi. 12, f. 19, 20.

Nagasaki, Tokyo, Hakodate.
Cardium apertum Chemn. J. M. C., II, p. 173; III, p. 106.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Cardium liratum Sowb. Dkr., Index, p. 212. Japan (Dkr.).
Cardium retusum Linne. C. Icon., II, f. 103. Japan (Dkr.).
Cardium groenlandicum Chem. Tartary Strait (Lindholm).
Cardium beechei Ads. & Rve. Index, p. 212, pi. 15 f. 1-3.

Japan (Dkr.).

(Leptonaeea).
GALEOMMIDJE.
Scintilla thoracica Gld. Otia Conch., p. 174.

Oushima (Stimpson).

Galeomma japonicum A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 228.
Mino-Shima, 63 fras. (Ad.).

LEPTONIDJE.
Kellia pumila S. Wood. Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV, p. 421.

Corea Strait (St. John).
Kellia subsinuata Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 136, pi. X, f. 1-3.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

132 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, LUCINACEA.

Kellia undulata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 173.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Kellia japonica n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 18, 19.

Shell quadrate-rounded, subequilateral, inflated, olive-straw col-
ored around the basal and end margins, becoming corneous on the
convexity and beaks, this portion dark bluish-brown when the soft
parts are dried in. Surface shining, with delicate growth-striae.
Beaks rather prominent, contiguous, slightly anterior; hinge and
basal margins slightly curved. Interior white, bluish in the cavity.
Teeth as in K. laperousii but rather stronger, the cardinals squarer,
the posterior lamella strong, short, high and triangular. Length
12, alt. 10 5, diam. 6'5 mm.

Japan (F. Stearns).

It is less elongated than the nearly allied K. laperousii with less
oblique cardinal teeth.
Montacuta divaricata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 173.

Hakodate, on the spines of a Spatangus (Stimpson).

Lasea rubra Mont. Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV, p. 420.

Corea Strait (St. John) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Lepton subrotundum Dkr. Index, p. 219, pi. 14, f. 12, 13.

Tokyo (Dkr.).

Lepton japonioum A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 228.
Tabu Shima (Ad.).

Lepton sulcatulum Jeffreys. Journ. Linn. Soo. Zool., XIV, p. 420.

Corea Strait (St. John).
Theoodonta sieboldi A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1864, p. 309.

Goto Is. (A. Ad.).

(Lucinacea).
DIPLODONTIDJE.
Diplodonta semiaspera Phil. Archiv, f. Naturg., I, 1836, p. 225, pi. 7, f. 2.

Nagasaki (Dkr.). Lucina orbella Gld. which Dkr. quotes as a
synonym is a totally distinct Diplodonta. Probably Dunker's shells
are the same as the following species. Lischke quotes D. orbella
from Nagasaki, Bay of Yedo and Yokohama.
Diplodonta (? semiaspera var.) japonica. PI. Ill, figs. 6, 7.

Anterior end more produced and more narrowly rounded than in
semiaspera; hinge straighter, narrower; anterior half (or less) of

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, LUCINACEA. 133

valves and a small posterior segment concentrically costulate, the
rest having the costulae interrupted into long granules ; no lunule.
Length 17i, breadth 15 J, diam. 133 mm., sometimes larger.

9 specimens collected by Mr. Stearns in Japan, exact locality un-
known.
Diplodonta (Mysia) figlina Gld. Otia Conch., p. 171.

E. coast Japan, Lat. 37°, in coarse black sand, 20 fath. (Stimp.).
Diplodonta (Felania) usta Gld. Otia Conch., p. 170.

Hakodate Bay, 8 fath., sandy mud (Stimpson).
Axinus japonious A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 227 (Cryplodori).

Okosiri (Ad.).

Axinus oblongus, plicatus A. Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima(Ad.).
Axinus flexuosus Mont. Corea Strait (St. John).
Axinus suborbicularis A. Ad.

LUCINIDJE.
Lucina contraria Dkr. Index, p. 215, pi. 13, f. 12-14.

Tokyo (Dkr.).

Lucina divergens Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 103, pi. 2, f. 4. (L. fibula A. & R., Zool.
Samarang, pi. 24, f. 5, teste Dkr.).

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Lucina parvula Gld. Otia Conch., p. 174.

Hakodate, 6-20 fath., sand (Stimp.).
Lucina pisidium Dkr. Moll. Jap., p, 28, pi. 3, f. 9.

Deshima (Dkr.) ; Nagasaki (Lischke). Stearns collected larger
specimens, 8?x8£ mm. at Tokyo Harbor. It does not seem to differ
from L. parvula Gld. of which one of the original specimens is be-
fore me.

Lucina quadrisulcata d'Orbigny (?). Tartary Strait (Dkr.).
Lucina corrugata Dkr. Index, p. 216, pi. 8, f. 9-11.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).

Loripes philippiana Reeve. C. Icon., Ludna, f. 23 (Venus edentula L., of Phil,
and Dkr.).

Loripes bialata n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 13, 14.

Shell resembling the West Indian L. edentula, but thinner, more
ventricose, beaks larger above the hinge-line, hinge straighter, the
ligament-plate much shorter and narrower. Dorsally the valves

134 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, CHAMACEA.

are more produced at each end, and the posterior dorsal angle espe-
cially is more produced and squarer than in edentula. Outside with
irregular growth-striae and traces of low radii, covered around the
edges with a thin, caducious light brown cuticle. Interior dead
white, sparsely asperulate in the cavity ; muscle impressions as in
edentula, but pallial line further removed from ventral edge of
valves. Length 56$, alt. 51, diam. 34$ mm.

Inland Sea (F. Stearns, two specimens).

These shells are far more equilateral than L. philippiana Reeve,
with less sinuous hinge line, slighter ligament plate, etc. The same
characters distinguish it from L. schrammi Crosse, Journ. de Conch.,
1878, p. 328.
Myrtaea gibba, lamellate A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 225.

Tsu-Shima (A. Ad.).
Myrtaea flmbriatula, obesula, decussata A. Ad. Ibid. Tabu-Shima (Ad.).

Myrteea plioatula, ciroinata, delicatula A, Ad. Ibid. Mino-Shima, Strait of
Corea (Ad.).

( Chamacea).

CHAMIDJE.
Chama imbricate Broderip. Lischke, J. M. C., II, pi. 9, f. 4.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Chama ambigua Lischke. Jbid, p. 128, pi. 8, f. 2.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Chama semipurpurata Lischke. J. M. C., II, pi. 8, f. 1.

Nagasaki (Lischke). One specimen collected by Stearns.
Chama dunkeri Lischke. J. M, C., II, p. 128, pi. 8, f. 3, 4.

Nagasaki (Lischke). One specimen collected by Stearns.
Chama retroversa Lischke. J. M. C., II, pi. 9, f. 1-3.

Nagasaki (Lischke). Numerous specimens of this well marked
species were collected by Mr. Stearns.

Chama aspersa Reeve. C. Icon., f. 24. Japan (Rein).

i
(Carditaceci).

CARDITIDJE.
Cardita cumingiana Dkr. Dkr., Moll. Jap., p. 29, pi. 3, f. 18.

Yokohama and Loochoo Is. (Stearns) ; Deshima, Nagasaki and
Tokyo (Dkr. and Lischke).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, ASTARTACEA. 135

Cardita leana Dkr. (Moll. Jap., pi. 3, f. 17) seems to be only
a variation of the same species. Specimens attain a length of 34
mm.
Cardita variegata Brug.

Yokohama (Stearns). A single typical specimen.
Cardita pica Reeve. Conchyl. Cab., p. 39, pi. 8, f. 13-14.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Cardita vestita Deshayes. Conchyl. Cab., p. 32, pi. 12, f. 8-9.

Japan.

Cardita ferruginea Adams. Conchyl. Cab., p. 17, pi. 6, f. 11.
Japan.

(Astartacea).
CRASSATELLITIDJE.

(Crassatellites Con.=Crassatella Lam. 1801, not 1799).
Crassatellites japonica Bunker. Index, p. 220.

Japan.
Crassatellites compressa Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, pi. 23, f. 10.

Corean Archipelago.

Crassatellites corrugata Adams & Reeve. Conchyl. Cab., p. 27, pi. 8, f. 5.

Japan (Paetel coll.).
Crassatellites heteroglypta n. n.

Crassatella japonica Sby. (not Dkr.), Jour. Linn. Soc., XX, p.
399, pi. 25, f. 19.

Japan (Sowb.).

Crassatellites sublamellata Weinkauff. Conchyl. Cab., p. 25, pi. 7, f. 11.
Japan.

( Cypricardiacea).
PLETJROPHORIDJE.

Trapezium vellicatum Reeve. C. Icon. I, f. 7.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Trapezium rostratum Lam. Ibid, f. 3.

Tsu-Shima, in oyster shells (Ad.).
Trapezium angulatum Lam. Jbid, f. 2.

Okino-Shima (Ad.), in Madrepore.

136 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, POROMYACEA.

Trapezium liratum Reeve. C. Icon., I, pi. 1, f. 1 (Cypricardia).

Awa, Bishiu (Stearns), numerous specimens ; Bay of Yedo
(Lischke).

Coralliophaga coralliophaga Chemn. Nagasaki (Lischke).

Order ANOMALODESMACEA.

(Poramyacea).

CUSPID ARIIDJE.

Cuspidaria elegans Hinds. Zool. Samarang, p. 84, pi. 23, f. 4 (Nssera moluccano).
Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

Cuspidaria nobilis A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. II.. 1868, p. 360.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

Cuspidaria hindsiana A. Ad. Ibid. Goto Is. (Ad.).

Cuspidaria nasuta A. Ad. Ibid. Satanomosaki (Ad.).

Cuspidaria (Rhinomya) philippinensis Hinds. Ann. Mag., 1868, p. 367.

Uraga ; Kino-o-Shirna (A. Ad.).

Cuspidaria (Rhinomya) rugata A. Ad. Ibid. Tabu-Shima (Ad.).
Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) gouldiana Hinds. Ibid. Uraga, Goto, Tsu-Shima (Ad.).
Cuspidaria nitida A. Ad. & Kve. Zool. Samarang, p. 83, pi. 23, f. 3.

Japan (Dkr.).
Cuspidaria (Myonera) lischkei E. A. Smith. P. Z. S., 1891, p. 438, pi. 34, f. 6.

South of Japan, 1875 fathoms (Challenger).
Leiomya adunca Gld. Otia Conch., p. 162.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson) ; Seto-Uchi, Hakodate (A. Ad.).

VERTICORDIIDJE.

Verticordia japonica A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 224.

Goto Is. (A. Ad.).

Verticordia multicostata A. Ad. Ibid.

(Ensiphonaced).
CLAVAGELLIDJE.
Clavagella ramosa Dkr. Index, p. 172, pi. 16, fig. 1.

Japan (Dkr.).
Aspergillum giganteum Sowerby. PI. Ill, fig. 1.

Valves large, irregularly oblong-trapezoidal, dilated toward the
posterior end, very coarsely and irregularly concentrically corruga-

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, ANATINACEA. 137

ted, and showing under the lens a very fine, irregular wrinkling ;
standing at an angle to each other of about 100°. Tube rough and
sparsely covered with coarse sand and shells, swollen anteriorly, con-
tracted behind the valves. Anterior end forming a mass of irregu-
larly placed short tubes, among which pebbles, etc., are imbedded,
and lacking any trace of a marginal fringe or rosette. Posterior
end slightly larger than median part of tube, bearing two flounces.
Total length 285 mm., diameter of median part of tube 27, diameter
of tube at valves 50, diameter of tubule mass 55. Valves, antero-
posterior length 27 mm., dorso-ventral 16 mm.

Found at village of Goshoura, district of Amakusa, coast of Prov.
Higo, (Kumamoto Keu) Japan. The original locality was simply
Japan. Native name, Teppo-Kai (Gun shell).

This specimen was procured by Mr. Frederick Stearns at the
Third National Exhibition, Tokyo, 1890. It is evidently nearest
allied to A. incertum Chenu (111. Conch., I, pi. 4, f. 5, 6) but differs
in the totally diverse shape of the valves, which are triangular and
broader than long in that species, oblong and far longer than wide
in this. Mr. Sowerby's specimen (see P. Z. S., 1888, p. 290) was
larger, length 325 mm., and had 6-7 flounces. The species has not
before been figured.

What Dunker reports as fragments of a gigantic specimen of A.
vaginiferum, is probably this species.

(Anatinacea).
LYONSIID2E.

Xyonsia ventricosa Gld. Otia, p. 162. Lyonsia rostrata Liachke. Jap. M. C.,

Ill, p. 102, pi. 9, f. 13.

Hakodate (Stimp.) ; southern coast of Japan (Lischke). An
original specimen of Gould's species before me seems practically
identical with that of Lischke. The examples collected by Mr.
Stearns are larger than Lischke indicates (length 23 mm.) and
more abruptly truncated posteriorly.
Lyonsia praetenuis Dkr. Index, p. 180, pi. 7, f. 13.

Wakayama, Inland Sea (Dkr.).
Entodesma navioula Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 83, pi. 23, f. 11.

Kiushiu Is. (Lischke).
Entodesma truncatissima n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 11, 12.

Shell truncate-oval, very ventricose, thin, light buff, whitish
toward the beaks, fragile. Surface with some irregular concentric

138 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, ANATINACEA.

wrinkles, the cuticle wrinkled on posterior slope, and showing spaced,
inconspicuous radiating cuticular threads toward each end. Ante-
rior extremity abruptly truncated; posterior extremity rounded,
slightly gaping. Interior white ; lithodesma large.

Length 24, alt. 14, diam. 11 mm.

Length 19, alt. 11}, diam. 11 mm.

Nemoto and Amatsu, Boshiu, Hakodate (Stearns).

These shells are more abruptly truncated anteriorly than speci-
mens of Lyonsia navicula before me, and they differ in the same way
from Entodesma saxicola of the same size. The lithodesma is as in
E. saxicola.

PANDORIDJE.

Pandora delioatula A. Ad. Conch. Icon., XIX, pi. 3, f. 17.
Japan (Adams).

MYOCHAMIDJE.

Myodora triangularis A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 181, pi. 7, f. 11, 12.
Myodora fluctuosa Old. Otia, p. 181 ; Smith., P. Z. 8., 1880, p. 583.

Kagoshima Bay (Stirap.).

THRACIIDi.

Thracia pusilla Gld. Otia Conoh., p. 161.

Simoda (Stimpson).
Thracia concinna Old. Otia Conch., p. 161.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson).

ANATINIDJE.
Anatina japonioa Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., Ill, p. 101, pi. 9, f. 7-10.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke) ; Yokohama (Stearns).
Anatina flexuosa Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., XIV, pi. 1, f. 5.

Japan (Reeve).
Anatina limioola Reeve. Rve., Conch. Icon., XIV, pi. 4, f. 27.

Japan (Reeve).
Anatina kamakurana n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 2, 3.

Shell elongated, rather ventricose, gaping at both ends, irregularly
wrinkle-striate and minutely granulated as usual, fragile; posterior
end longer than the anterior and narrower, rounded, moderately
gaping; anterior end broadly rounded, but slightly gaping; dorsal
margin nearly parallel with the basal, but rising in front of the

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, MYTILACEA. 139

beaks, straight behind them ; beaks split ; chondrophore small, its
posterior butress curved, very oblique. Length 42*, alt. 19, diam.
14 mm.

Kamakura (Stearns).

Order PR10NODESMACEA.

(Mytilacea).
MYTILID2E.

Mytilus crassitesta Lischke. J. M. C., I, p. 151, pi. 11, f. 1, 2.
Akashi coast (Stearns).

Mytilus giganteus Holmberg. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 1862, p. 422, pi. 11,
12.

Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Mytilus grayanus Dkr. Dkr., Index, p. 221 ; cf. Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. 153, pi.

10, f. 7, 8.

Hakodate (Phila. Acad. coll. and Stearns). This may be Gould's
M. coruscus.
Mytilus hirsutus Lamarck. Oonchyl. Cab., p. 40, pi. 7, f. 6.

Inland Sea (Sjearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Mytilus sinuatus Bunker. Conchyl. Cab., p. 76, pi. 17, f. 7.

Japan (Dunker) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Mytilus ourvatus Dunker. Conchyl. Cab., p. 34, pi. 14, f. 7, 8.

Japan (Dkr.).

Mytilus atratus Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., II, p. 146, pi. 10, f. 45 ; Modiola
aterrima Ball, A. J. C., VII, p. 154.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Bay of Yedo (Dall) ; S. coast Prov. Ise
(Stearns).
Mytilus ooruscus Gld. Otia Conch., p. 177.

Hakodate Bay, rocks between tide marks, common (Stimpson).
Mytilus mutabilis Gld. Otia Conch., p. 177.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson).

Modiola modiolus Linne. Yedo, Hakodate (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Modiola philippinarum Hanley. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 1.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).

Several small specimens which seem to agree with this species.

Modiola trailiii Reeve. Conch. Icon., pi. 4, f. IS.
Idzu coast (Stearns).

140 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, MYTILACEA.

Modiola metcalfi Hanley. Conchyl. Cab., p. 116, pi. 32, f. 3, 4.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Modiola nitida Hanley. Conchyl. Cab., p. Ill, pi. 31, f. 3.

Tokyo Bay (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Modiola hanleyi Dunker. Index, p. 223, pi. 16, f. 3, 4.
Japan (Dunker).

Modiola rhomboidea Hanley. C. Icon., f. 28.
Japan (Dunker).

Modiola flavida Dkr. C. Icon., f. 77.
Japan Sea (Dkr.).

Modiola japonica Dunker. Reeve, Conch. Icon., f. 26.

Hakodate (R. E. C. Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Modiola fortune! Dunker. C. Icon., f. 75.

Japan (Dunker).
Modiola senhausii Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 22.

Near Enoshima (Stearns) ; Nagasaki, Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Modiola arcuatula Hanley. Conchyl. Cab., p. 101, pi. 30, f. 8, 9.

Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

Modiola barbata Linne\ Forbes A Hanley, Brit. Moll., VII, p. 190, pi. 44, f. 4.

Japan, off Kobe", in 50 fathoms, sand (Challenger).

Adula californiensis Esohscholtz. Conchyl. Cab., p. 22, pi. 5, f. 19.

Sachalin Is., Japan Sea (Dunker).
Lithophaga ourta Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. Ill, pi. 9, f. 14-17.

Bay of Yedo, in Madrepores (Lischke) ; Joga-Shima (Stearns).

Lithophaga aristata Sol. Nagasaki (Lischke).

Lithophaga nasuta Phil. Abbild., II, p. 149, Modiola, pi. 1, f. 2.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Lithophaga zitteliana Dkr. Index, p. 226, pi. 14, f. 1, 2, 8, 9.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).
Modiolaria cumingiana Dunker. Reeve, Conch. Icon., X, Modiola, pi. 9, f. 63.

Inland Sea (Stearns).

There seems to be no doubt of the specific identity of S. Austra-
lian and Japanese specimens ; I have compared examples from Vic-
toria. The M. impacta Herm. (=M. cor Martyn) is a wider spe-
cies.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, ANOMIACEA. 141

Modiolaria nigra Gray. Bay of Castries (Schrenck).
Modiolaria vernicosa Midd. Bay of Castries (Midd.).
Modiolaria pusio A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1862, p. 229.

Mino-Shima (Ad.), on Haliotis gigantea.
Modiolaria divaricata Phil. Abbild., Ill, p. 21, pi. 2, f. 8.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Modiolaria semigranata Reeve. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, p. 110, pi. 9, f. 18, 19.

Tokyo Harbor (Lischke, Stearns).
Modiolaria quadrula Gld. Otia Conch., p. 177.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Modiolaria arcuata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 176.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Modiolaria cuprea Gld. Otia Conch., p. 175.

Kagoshima (Stimpson).
Crenella decussata Mont. Jeffreys, Linn. Soc. Journ., XIV, p. 419.

Corea Strait (St. John).
Crenella spectabilis, casta A. Ad. Ann. Mag. N. H., 1862, p. 228.

Mino-Shima (A. Ad.).

Crenella cornea A. Ad. Ibid. Corea Strait (Ad.).
Crenella orocea A. Ad. Ibid, Tsu-Shima (Ad.).

DREISSENSIIDJE.
Septifer crassus Dunker. Rve., Conch. Icon., X, pi. 7, f. 25. (Mytilus).

Japan (Stearns) ; Hakodate (Schrenck).

Looks externally like Mytilus hamatus Say. Duiiker[and Lischke
refer it to S. virgatus Wiegmann.

Septifer bilocularis Linne. Nagasaki (Lischke).
Septifer bifurcatus Conr. Japan. (Dkr., Index, p. 228).

(Anomiacea).
ANOMIIDJE.

Anomia ephippium Linne var. (?). Dkr., Index, p. 247.
Anomia radulina A. Ad. Ann. Mag. (3), VIII, p. 142.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Anomia pustulosa A. Ad. Ibid. Tabu-Shima, 25 fms. (Ad.).
Anomia laqueata Reeve var. (?). Challenger Lamell, XIII, p. 318.

Japan, ofFKobe", in 50 fathoms (Challenger); Hakodate (Schrenck;;
Joga-Shima coast (Stearns) ; Yedo (Lischke).

142 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, PECTENACEA.

Anomia cytaeum Gray. C. Icon., f. 10.

Hakodate (Schrenck) ; Joga-Shiraa coast (Stearns). Large,
roughly sculptured specimens. Also a single silvery form (var.
argentea,) thinner, both valves entirely smooth except for slight
growth wrinkles.

Anomia elyros Gray. C. Icon., f. 3, 9.

Kii coast (Stearns). Two forms collected; one rather thin with
the upper shell orange or yellow, lower shell green, the other
heavier, opaque, both valves green.

Placunanomia macroschisma Desh. Abbild., Ill, p. 132, pi. 1, f. 4.

Yedo, Hakodate.
Placunanomia umbonata Gld. Otia Conch., p. 178.

Kagoshima Bay (Stimpson).
Placenta placenta Linne. (Aimmia). Japan (Dkr.).

(Pectenacea).
LIMIDJE.

lima smith! Sowerby. Sowb., P. Z. S., 1888, p. 207, pi. 11, f. 12.

Shell having the general outline and convexity of L. lima Linn.,
thin but strong, slightly gaping anteriorly, entirely closed posteriorly ;
beaks situated near the posterior end of the hinge- line; cartilage pit
very oblique; hinge area narrow. Anterior auricles extremely
small, posterior auricles moderate, about as in L. lima. Surface of
valves sculptured with strong rounded radial ribs separated by in-
tervals of about their own width, and wholly absent on convexity of
the valves from the beaks nearly half the distance to basal margin.
Toward the heaks the surface on each side of the smooth area is
densely and finely radially striate, these strice subsequently uniting by
twos or threes to form the coarse ribbing of the later growth. Ribs at
the periphery 39 in number ; lacking on auricles and on the con-
cave face of the anterior slope. Dimensions : Height, from beaks to
ventral margin 60mm., length, antero-posteriorly, 46 mm., diameter
25 mm. Collected in Japan by Mr. Frederick Stearns in 1889-'90.
Originally described from Japan. Sowerby did not describe the
peculiar sculpture in detail, hence the above description.

Lima dunkeri Smith. (L. japonica Dkr. not Ad.). Dkr., Index, p. 245, pi. 11,
f. 8, 9.

Sea of Japan (Dkr.) ; Boshiu (Stearns).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PECTENACEA. 143

Specimens collected at the last named locality much exceed
Dunker's type in size, measuring 35 mm. from beaks to lower mar-
gin. The species is unusually equilateral for Lima.
Lima japonica (A. Ad.) Sowerby, Conch. Icon., XVIII, pi. 5, f. 21 (1872).

Japan (Sowerby).
Lima lima Linne. (L. squamosa Lam.).

Yokohama (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

I can see no difference whatever between the Japanese and Med-
iterranean specimens of this species, except that the former are
larger, measuring as much as 75 mm. from beaks to ventral margin.
This species extends eastward in the Pacific to the Viti Islands.

Lima goliath Sowerby. P. Z. S., 1883, p. 30, pi. 7, f. 3.

Japan (Sowerby) ; S.-E. Nippon, 775 fathoms (Challenger).

SPONDYLIDJE.

Spondylus regius Linne. Inland Sea (Stearns).
Spondylus sinensis Sowb. Thes., I, p. 427, pi. 87, f. 32-34.

Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Spondylus nudus Chemn. Ibid, pi. 88, f. 39, 40.

Wakayama, Inland Sea (Dkr.).
Spondylus cruentus Lischke. J. M. C., I, p. 172, pi. 12, f. 1-5.

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Sagami (Stearns).
Plicatula cuneata Dkr. Index, p. 246, pi. 11, f. 3.

Japan (Dkr.).

Plicatula murioata A. Ad. Ibid, pi. 11, f. 4. Japan (Dkr.).
Plicatula horrida Dkr. Ibid, p. 247, pi. 11, f. 6, 7.

Japan (Dkr.).
Plicatula irregularis Dkr. (rugosa Dkr. not Lam.). Ibid, p. 247, pi. 11, f. 5.

Japan (Dkr.).
Plicatula simplex Gld. Otia Conch., p. 178.

Kagoshima Bay and Simoda, 5-20 fath. (Stimpson).
PECTENID.E.

Pecten crassicostatus Sowerby. Dkr., Index, pi. 13, f. 28-f-P. nobilis Reeve,
Conch. Icon., VIII, f. 3.

Ise (Stearns) ; Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke).

Pecten squamatus Gmelin. Dkr., Index, p. 240, pi. 11, f. 14.
Sagama Bay (Stearns); Bay of Yedo (Lischke).

144 JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, PECTENACEA.

Pecten irregularis Sowerby. Dkr., Index, p. 240, pi. 11, f. 2, 15.

Banda and Nemoto, Boshiu, Tsu-Shima (Stearns) ; Nagasaki
(Lischke).
Pecten quadriliratus Lischke. J. M. C., II, p. 158, pi. 9, f. 5, 6.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

Pecten similis Laskey. Joarn. Linn. Soc., XIV. Corea Strait (St. John).
Pecten jickelii Dunker. Index, p. 241.

Japan Sea (coll. Lobbecke).

Pecten vesiculosus Dkr. Dkr., Index, p. 241, pi. 11, f. 1.
Japan (Dkr., Stearns).

Pecten tissoti Bernardi. Journ. de Conch., 1858, pi 91, pi. 1, f. 2.

Japan (Dkr.).

Pecten ipectabilis Reeve. Dkr., Index, pi. 11, f. 12, 13.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Pecten laetus Gould. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Cunch., pi. 12, f. 6, 7.

Ikai coast, Joga-Shima, and Sagama Bay (Stearns) ; Hakodate
(Stimp.) ; Tokyo and Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Yokohama (Dkr.).

Three main color varieties are included in Mr. Stearns' collection :
A. Crimson varying to orange ; B. Royal purple varying to brown ;
and C. Pure white.

Peoten yessoensis Jay. Dkr., Novit. Conch., p. 61, pi. 21 ; Lischke, Jap. Meeres-
Conch., I, pi. 10, f. 34 ; II, pi. 13.

Hakodate (Stearns, et al) ; Yedo (Lischke).

Pecten plica Linn£. C. loon., VIII, sp. 16.
Nagasaki (Lischke).

Pecten subplicatus Sowb. C. Icon., sp. 17.
Japan (Dkr.).

Pecten vitreus Chemnitz. Conchyl. Cab., VII, f. 637.
Yokohama Harbor, 345 fathoms (Challenger).

Pecten swiftii Bernardi. Journ. de Conch., 1858, p. 90, pi. 1, 2.

Northern Japan (Schrenck).
Pecten asperulatus Adams &, Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 74, pi. 21, f. 13.

Corea Strait.
Pecten psarus Melvill. Journ. of Conch., V, p. 280, pi. 2, f. 9.

Japan.

JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, OSTRACEA. 145-

Pecten hastingsii Melvill. Journ. of Conch., V, p. 279, pi. 2, f. 7.

Japan (Hastings, Dent).
Pecten mollitus Reeve. C. Icon., sp. 100. Japan.
Amusium japonicum Gmel.

East coast and Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Yedo and Nagasaki

(Lischke).

Amusium obliteration Linne. Japan (Dkr.).
Amusium pleuronectes Linne. Japan (Dkr.).

Vola laqueata Sowerby. Lischke, J. M. C., II, pi. 12, f. 1, 2 j Phil., Abbild., I, pi.

1, f. 1 (P. antomi).

Nagasaki Harbor and Yokohama (Stearns); Hakodate (Schrenck);
Yedo (Lischke) ; off Kobe in 50 fathoms ; between Is. of Sikoku and
Nippon, 50 fathoms (Challenger).

Vola excavata Anton. Phil., Abbild., I, p. 201, pi. 2, f. 1 ; Pecten tinewis Sowb.
Japan (Dkr.).

Vola puncticulata Dkr. Dkr., Index, p. 244, pi. 11, f. 10, 11 (young) ; Pilsbry,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 473, pi. XIX, f. 1, 2, 3 (adult).

A single large specimen collected by Mr. Stearns.

Vola inaequivalvis Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 236, pi. 62, f. 5-8.
South Japan (Dunker).

( Ostracea).
OSTR.EIDJE.

Ostraea gigas Thunberg. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, p. 174 (-J-0. laperousii

Schr. and 0. talienwhanensis Crosse).

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Enoshima (Stearns) ; Yokohama (Mts.) ;
Hakodate (Schrenck) ; also found on Asiatic mainland.

Only young and moderate sized specimens show the purple color
markings outside. One specimen collected is the largest on record,
surpassing the measurements given by Thunberg. The length of
the ligament area is proportionately greater than in smaller speci-
mens. Measurements of four examples are as follows :

Total length 443 mm. ; greatest breadth 95 mm.

Total length 248 mm. ; greatest breadth 52 mm.

Total length 246 mm. ; greatest breadth 44 mm.

Total length 242 mm. ; greatest breadth 44 mm.

All of these are narrow and parallel-sided.
10

146 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, PTERIACEA.

Ostraea denselamellosa Lischke. Lischke, Jap. Meeres-Conoh., I, pi. 13, 14.

Hakodate, Tokyo Bay, Yokohama (Stearns); Nagasaki (Lischke).
The 0. auriculata and 0. multicottata of Sowerby (Conch. Icon., pi.
25) seem to be the same.

Ostraea folium Gmelin. Wakayama (Dkr.).

Ostraea plioata Chemn. Kishiu coast (Stearns).

Ostreea cucullata Born. Mus. Test. Ctes. Vind., pi. 6, f. 11, 12.

Yokohama, E. coast Sagama (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

I refer to this species a number of small specimens agreeing well
with Born's figures.

Ostraea imbricata Lam. Dunker, Index, p. 250 ; Sowerby, Conoh. Icon., XVIII,
pi. 17, f. 36 b.

Japan (Stearns, 1890).

Ostraea hyotis Linn.

(Stearns). A single valve of gigantic size, length 235, breadth
190 mm.
Ostreea rivularis Old. Lischke, J. M. C., Ill, pi. 1 4, f. 2, 3.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

(Pteriacea).
VULSELLIDJE.

Vultella lingulata Linn6. Japan (Dkr.).
Vulsella minor Chemn. Japan (Dkr.).

PTERIIDJE.

(Pteria Scop. 1777 = Avicula Lam. 1799).
Pteria coturnix Dunker. Index, p. 228, pi. 10, f. 1, 2.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).

Pteria brevialata Dkr. Index, p. 229, pi. 10, f. 3-5.

Inland Sea (Dkr., Stearns).
Pteria loveni Dunker. Index, p. 229, pi. 10, f. 6.

Inland Sea (Dkr.).

Pteria maoroptera Lam. Reeve, Conch. loon., X, pi. 2 and 3.

Keu, Satsuma (Stearns) ; Prov. of Hizen (Stearns) ; Kagoshima.

Two very large specimens, one from Satsuma being of the typical
macroptera form, the other having the short wing and less obliquely
extended pearl layer of " lotorium." The two measure : macroptera,
length of hiuge-line 225 mm. ; oblique length from beak to lower

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, PTERIACEA. 147

end 251 mm. Var. " lotorium," length of hinge-line 152 mm. ; ob-
lique length from beak to lower end 265 mm.

Pteria japonica Bunker. Conohyl. Cab., p. 33, pi. 10, f. 5.

Japan Sea (Dkr.).

Meleagrina martensii Dkr. Index, p. 229, pi. 10, f. 7, 8.
Meleagrina japonica Dunker. Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, pi. 23, f. 2, 3).

Nagasaki (Lischke) ; S. coast of Kii (Stearns). Girls dive
for these shells, which produce numerous pearls.
Meleagrina fucata Gould. Conchyl. Cab., p. 49, pi. 17, f. 2.

Nagasaki.
Malleus albus Chemn. C. Icon., pi. 1, f. 1.

Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Malleus regula Forskal. Inland Sea (Dkr.).

Malleus (Malvufundus) irregularis Jousseaume. Le Naturalists, XVI, 1894, p.

228.

Japan.

PERNIDJE.

Perna perna Linne. Nagasaki (Lischke, J. M. C., II, p. 153).
Perna costellata Conrad. Hakodate (Schrenck).

PINNIDJE.
Pinna chemnitzii Hanley. Reeve, Conch. Icon., pi. 1.

Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Kishiu coast (Stearns).

The specimens are narrower than Reeve's figure 1 b, and lack the
projecting scales along the hinge-margin. Dunker reports chem-
nitzii from Yokohama and Tokyo.
Pinna bioolor Chemn. Conchyl. Cab., VIII, pi. 90, f. 780.

Japan (Dkr.).

Pinna fimbriatula Rve. C. Icon., sp. 63. Japan (Cuming).
Pinna saccata Linne. Japan (Dkr.).
Pinna japonica Hanley. Conchyl. Cab., p. 72, pi. 24, f. 3; pi. 29, f. 1.

Yokohama Bay, Yedo, Nagasaki (Lischke).
Pinna nigrina Lamarck. Rve., Conch. Icon., f. 4, (P. nigra).

Tokyo Harbor (Stearns). The largest shell measures, length 365,
breadth 240 mm. It is smooth outside except for low radii near the
beaks. The smaller specimens are strongly scaled as in Reeve's fig-
ure.

148 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, ARCACEA.

Pinna lischkeana Clewin. Conchy). Cab., p. 73, pi. 28, f. 1.

Yokohama (Rolle coll.) ; Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Tokyo Harbor
(Stearns).

The smaller specimens collected on the western coast of the Inland
Sea agree with Clessin's figure (Couchylien Cabinet, pi. 28, f. 1) ex-
cept that the hinge-margin is less curved. The specimen figured by
Clessin as the adult P. japonic/a (Conchy 1. Cab., pi. 29, fig. 1) is in
my opinion an adult lischkeana. Whether the true japonica of
Hanley is the same as P. chemnitzii, or is the young of lischkeana, I
am unable to decide. Specimens collected by Stearns in Tokyo
Harbor agree with Clessin's figure (pi. 29, fig. 1). They measure,
length 375, breadth 204 mm. On the latter half of the shell the
prickly rays are wholly absent.
Pinna epioa Jouss. Le Naturaliste, XVI, 1894, p. 229.

Japan (Jouss.).

(Arcacea).
ARCIDJE.
Area navicularis Brag. Dkr., Index, pi. 14, f. 16, 17.

Japan (Dkr.).
Area acnminata Kraass.

The Japanese shells collected by Stearns seem to constitute a
variety, characterized by the less attenuated anterior end, posterior
lower angle less produced, the basal margin ascending to it, keel not
acute. This may be called var. subnormalis.
Area ocellata Reeve. Conohyl. Cab., p. 87, pi. 24, f. 1-4.

Japan (Smith).

Area kraussii Phil. SUdafrik. Moll., pi. 1, f. 11 ; Conch. Cab., pi. 35, f. 7, 8 ; Abbild.,
Ill, p. 88, pi. 5, f. 8-10.

E. coast of Japan, Tokyo to Awaji (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).

Area (Barbatia) obtusa Reeve. Conch. Icon., f. 77 and 80 (obliquata Rv. not Gray) ;
A. decurvata Lischke, J. M. C., I, p. 148.

Nagasaki, Yedo (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).
Area (Barbatia) tenebrica Reeve. Conchyl. Cab., p. 156, pi. 39, f. 7, 8.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Area stearnsii n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 8, 9, 10.

Shell small, subtrapezoidal, moderately inflated, solid ; anterior
half white, clouded with flesh color, posterior half fleshy-brown.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, ARCACEA. 149

Dorsal margin straight and long, angled at each end, basal margin
curved, not gaping, posterior end sloping, straight, anterior end
rounded ; posterior lower angle produced. Surface closely and finely
decussated throughout, the radii coarser on posterior slope. Teeth
about as in A. decussata; area narrow, deep. Interior fleshy with
linear brown and whitish radii, and clouded with white, the muscle-
scars brown.

Length 16, alt. 9'2, diam. 7 mm.

Length 18, alt. 11, diam. 10 mm.

Nemoto, Boshiu and Yokohama (Stearns).

Hinge much straighter than in A. tenebrica Rve., and angled at
the ends, the baso-posterior extremity more angular. Sculpture
finer than in young A. decussata, and less rounded posteriorly.
Area (Barbatia) decussata Sowerby. Conchyl. Cab., p. 144, pi. 37, f. 2-5.

Nagasaki (Lisckke). Several specimens collected by Stearns.
Area (Barbatia) domingensis Lam. Conchy]. Cab., p. 195, pi. 47, f. 12.

Nagasaki (Lischke).
Area (Anomalocardia) granosa Linne. Conchyl. Cab., p. 38, pi. 3, f. 7.

Kodzuka (Stearns) ; Nagasaki (Lischke).
Area (Anomalocardia) pulchella Dkr. Novit. Conch., p. 113, pi. 38, f. 6-9.

Japan (Dkr.) ; East coast of Nippon (Stearns).

Area (Anomalocardia) inflata Reeve. C. Icon., f. 30 : Conchyl. Cab., p. 30, pi. 10,
f. 1, 2.

Tokyo Bay (Stearns) ; Yedo, Nagasaki, Hakodate (Lischke).
Area (Scapharca) satowi Dkr. Index, p. 233, pi. 9, f. 1-3.

Tokyo.
Area (Scapharca) subcrenata Lischke. Jap. Meeres-Conch., I, p. 146, pi. 9, f. 1-3

('M. nodoso-crenata" on plate).

Yedo and Nagasaki (Lischke) ; Inland Sea (Stearns) ; Itoma
Jima I., Loo Choo group (Stearns).
Area (Scapharca^ ambigua Reevt,. C. Icon., sp. 65.

Yokohama (Dunker) ; Nagasaki (Lischke). Mr. Stearns* speci-
mens are all smaller than Reeve's figure of this species.

Area (Scapharca) japonioa Reeve. C. Icon., f. 32 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 114, pi. 30, f.
3,4.

Japan (Siebold).

Area (Scapharca) troscheli Dkr. Index, p. 234, pi. 14, f. 14, 15.
Japan (Dunker).

150 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, ARCACEA.

Area (Scapharca) philippiana Dkr. Conchyl. Cab., p. 90, pi. 25, f. 1,2; (^4. radiata
Rve., C. Icon., f. 40, preoc.).

Japan.

Pectunculus albolineatus Lischke. J. M. C., Ill, p. 108, pi. 9, f. 11, 12.

Kii coast (Stearns) ; Yedo (Lischke).

Pectunculus fulguratus Dkr. Index, p. 236, pi. 14, f. 18, 19.

Japan (Dkr.).

Pectunculus rotundui Dkr. Index, p. 236, pi. 16, f. 9, 10.

Bay of Yedo (Dkr.).

Pectunculus vestitus Dkr. Index, p. 236, pi. 16, f. 7, 8.
Peotunoulus yessoensis Sowb. P. Z. S., 1888, pi 570, pi. 28, f. 19.

Yesso (Hungerford).
Glomus japonicui E. A. Smith. Challenger Lamell. XIII, p. 325, wood-c«t.

Japan, S.-E. of Nippon, in 1875 fathoms.

Nuoulina ovata Jeffreys. Journ. Linn. Soc., XIV, p. 418.

Corea Strait (St. John).

Cyrilla sulcata A. Ad. [7/u.rkya]. Jonrn. de Conchyl., 1868, pi. 4, f. 2.

Near Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (A. Ad.).
Cyrilla decussata A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1862, p. 295.

LIMOPSIDJE.

Limopsis woodwardii A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 237, pi. 16, f. 5, 6.

Specimens collected by Stearns agree with Dunker's figures in
form, but have concentric brown streaks outside and brown pallial
line.

Limopsis japonioa A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 229.

Kuroshima and Kiusu, 26 to 57 fath. (A. Ad.).

Limopsis obliqua A. Ad. P, Z. S., 1862, p. 229.

Uraga, 21 fath. (Ad.)
Limopsis cumingi A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 229.

Goto and Santanomosaki, 48 to 55 fathoms.

Limopsis crenata A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 230.

Uraga and Satanomosaki, 21 to 55 fathoms.

Limopsis forskalii A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1862, p. 230.
Oshima, Takano-Shima, on the sands, dead.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, NUCULACEA. 151

Limopsis oblonga A. Ad. Ann. Mag., 1860, V, p. 412.
Off Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

Limopsis pelagioa E. A. Smith. Challenger Lamell., XIII, p. 22, 254, pi. 18, f. 3,
3a.

Yokohama Harbor, Enoshima, 345 fms. (Chall.).

MACRODONTIDJB.
Macrodon dalli Smith. Challenger Lamell. p. 269, pi. 17, f. 10.

Off Kobe, 50 fms. (Challenger).

Cucullaea concamerata Martini. Conchyl. Cab., p. 5, pi. 5, f. 1, 2.

Nagasaki (Lischke).

(Nuculaeea).
LEDIDJE.

Leda confusa Hanley. Thes., Ill, p. 119, f. 85.

Japan (Dkr., Stearns) ; Bay of Yedo (Lischke).
Leda permiloides A. Ad. Dkr., Index, p. 238.
Yoldia japonica Ads. & Rve. Zool. Samarang, p. 75, pi. 21, f. 9.

Nagasaki.

: )

Yoldia lischkei E. A. Smith. Challenger Lamell., p. 242, pi. 20, f. 4, 4b.

Yokohama Harbor, Enoshima, 345 fathoms (Challenger).
Malletia dunkeri E. A. Smith. Challenger Lamell., XIII, p. 323, wood-cut.

S.-E. Nippon in 1875 fathoms (Challenger).
Sarepta speciosa A. Ad. Journ. de Conch., 1868, pi. 4, f. 1.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms. (Ad.).

NUCTJLID.S;.

Nucula paulula A. Ad. P. Z. S., 1856, p. 52.

Japan (Cuming).
Nucula niponica E. A. Smith. Challenger Lamell., XIII, p. 226.

S. of Nippon in 345 fathoms (Challenger).
Nuoula (Acila) mirabilis Adams & Reeve. Zool. Samarang, p. 75, pi. 21, f. 8.

Japan, Kiushiu, Nagasaki Bay (Ad. and Rve.) ; off Kobe in 8 to
50 fathoms (Challenger).
Nucula (Acila) insignis Gld. Otia Conch., p. 175.

E. coast, Lat. 37°, and at Hakodate (Stimpson).. j .<:t-..\:

152 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, BRACHIOPODA.

(Solcmyacea).
SOLEMYIDJE.
Solemya pusilla Old. Otia Conch., p. 165.

Hakodate Bay, 5 fath., mud (Stirnp.).
Solemya japonica Dkr. Index, p. 220, 261, pi. 14, f. 3.
Japan (Dkr.).

BRACHIOPODA.
TEREBBATTJLIDJE.

Terebratula davidtoni A. Ad. Trans. Linn. Soo. (2), IV, p. 9, pi. I, f. 14-16.
Japan, Satanomosaki, 55 fathoms (A. Ad.).

Terebratula (Liothyrina) itearniii Dall A Pilsbry. PI. IX, figs. 1, 2, 3.
Proc. A.M.I. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 165, pi. 4, f. 1-3.

Province Kii, east coast (Stearns).

Terebratula dalli Dav. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 23.
Off Japan, near Yedo, 1875 fath. (Challenger).

Terebratulina kiieniU Dall A Pilsbrj. PI. IX, figs. 9, 10.
Nautilus, V, p. 18, pi. 1, f. 4, 5.

Coast of Prov. Kii (Stearns).

Terebratulina oaput-serpentU Linn6. PI. XI, figs. 5, 6.
Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 17, p. 3, fig. 12.

Sagami Bay (Doderlein). The figures are from a West American
specimen.
Terebratulina crossii Davidson. Trans. Linn. Soo. (2), IV, p. 33, pi. 3, figs. 4-6.

Sagami Bay (Doderlein) ; Inland Sea, S. coast of Kii (Stearns).
Terebratulina japouioa Sby. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 34, pi. 3, figs. 7-11.

Sagami Bay (Doderlein) ; Goto in 48, Tsusalei in 55 fathoms (A.
Ad.).

Eudeiia raphaelis Dall. Trans. Linn. Soo. (2), IV, p. 58, pi. 11, figs. 11-15.

Near Yedo (Pumpelly) ; Sagami Bay, 100-200 fathoms (Doder-
lein).

Eudesia grayi Davidson. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 54, pi. 10, figs. 1-4.

Hakodate and Mososeki, 7 fath. (Adams).

Terebratella ooreanioa Ad. & Rve. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 81, pi. 13, figs.
3-9.

Japan, Hakodate, 7 fath. (A. Ad.) ; Inland Sea (Stearns).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, BRACHIOPODA. 153

Terebratella gouldii Dall. PI. XI, figs. 7, 8.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 167, pi. 4, f. 4, 5 (adult); Trans. L. Soe. (2),
IV, p. 96, pi. 17, figs. 20-22 (Megasella stage).

Hakodate, 60 fath. (Stimpson) ; E. coast of Japan, between Yedo
and Ooshima (Stearns).
Terebratella frontalis Midd. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 86, pi. 15, figs. l-8a.

Japan Seas, from low water to 45 fath. (Capt. St. John).
Terebratella mariae A. Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 89, pi. 15, figs. 13, 14.

Uraga, 21 fath., Goto, 48 fath., Satanomosaki, 55 fath. (A. Ad.).
Terebratella spitzbergensis Dav. Tr. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 83, pi. 16, f. 1-5.

Northern Japan (A. Ad.).

Laqueus blanfordi Dkr. Index, pi. 14, f. 4, 5, 6 ; Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p.
83, pi. 15, figs. 9-12.

Wakayama (Dkr.) ; East coast above Inland Sea (Stearns).

Laqueus rubellus Sby. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 113, pi. 19, figs. 1-5.

Kuro-Shima, 35 fath. (Adams) ; Yokohama (Pumpelly) ; near
•Jogashima (Stearns).

Laqueus pictus Chem. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 114, pi. 18, figs. 14-18.

Satanomosaki, 55 fath. (A. Ad.).
Magasella adamsi Dav. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 96, pi. 17, figs. 18-19.

Inland Sea, Is. of Kuro-puna, 26 fath. (A. Ad.). The adult of
this is Eudesia venosa according to Dall.

Ismenia sanguinea Chera. Chall. Rep., Vol. I, p, 20 ; Conch. Tab., Vol. 8, p. 96,
pi. LXXVIII, figs. 1-8.

Mino-Shima, 63 fms., Goto, 48 fms. (Ad.). Davidson (1. e.f p.
179) considers M. pulchella Sowb. and M. reevei Davidson forms of
this species.

RHYNCHONELLIDJE
Bhynchonella psittacea Chem. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 163, pi. 24 figs. 1-11.

Hakodate.

Rhynchonella psittaoea var. woodward! A. Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), p. 168, pi.
24, figs. 12, 13.

Goto, 48 fath., Rifunsiri Is., 35 fath.
Bhynchonella luoida Gld. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 168, pi. 24, figs. 15, 16b.

Lat. 30° 35' N., Long. 130° 40' E., 100 fath., sand (Capt. Stevens
of the " Hancock ") ; Satanomosaki, 55 fath., Goto, 48 fath. (A.
Ad.).

154 JAPANESE MOLLU8K8, BRACHIOPODA.

Ehynchonella doderleini Dav. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 172, pi. 25, figs. 14,.
15.

Sagami Bay, 160 fath. (Doderlein).

CKANIIDJE.

Crania japonioa Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 191, pi. 27, figs. 10, 11.
Goto, 71 fath. (Adams).

DISCINIDJE.
Discinisca Stella Old. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 204, pi. 26, figs. 27-30.

Seto-Uchi, 17 fath., Isu-Shima, 17-25 fath.. Tabu-Shima, 26 fath..
(Adams).

LINGULIDJE.
Lingula anatina Bruguiere. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 206, pi. 29, figs. 1-8.

Yedo (Adams) ; Enoshima (Stearns).
Lingula jaspidea Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 218, pi. 28, figs. 23-24a.

Mososeki, 7 fath., mud (Adams).

Lingula adamsi Dull. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 218, pi. 28, f. 19.

Tsaulian Harbor, Corean Archipelago, 7 fms. (A. Ad.).
Lingula smaragdina A. Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 220, pi. 28, fig. 25.

Yobuko, 10 fath., mud.
Lingula lepidula A. Ad. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2), IV, p. 220, pi. 28, fig. 16.

Seto-Uchi, 10 fath., mud (Adams).

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, APPENDIX I. 155

APPENDIX I.

List of Land and Freshwater Mqllusks collected in Japan by-
Frederick Stearns.

ENDODONTIDJE.

Pyramidula (Gonyodiscus) pauper Old. Tokyo (Stearns).

HELICIDJB.

Two genera only of Helicidce occur in Japan : EULOTA, repre-
sented by the sections Eulotella, Acusta, Euhadra, Plectotropis and
JEgista, and GANESELLA represented by G. (Satsuma) japonica and
its allies.

From alcoholic specimens collected by Mr. Stearns, the writer
has been enabled to figure the anatomy of Euhadra qucesita, peliom-
phala, brandti, etc., Plectotropis vulgivaga and Ganesella japonica
(Man. Conch. [2], IX), and to demonstrate the true relationships of
these forms hitherto unknown. By shell characters alone it is at
present impossible to classify many of the small Helices of Japan
and China. Their anatomy only can decide which species belong
to Ganesella, which to Eulota. Some , large forms, such as , Helix
largillierti, papilliformis and Stearnsii are of equally dubious affini-
ties. Altogether the Helix fauna is very closely allied to that of
middle and northern China, but is poorer in variety of types. The
Euhadra group is its most characteristic element. Cathaica, Pseud-
iberus and other Chinese Eulota sections are absent, as are Camcena
and Plectopylis ; and Moellendorffia, a group allied to Helicodonta
in shell features, but possibly belonging near Chloritis, is another
characteristic type of southern China wanting in Japan.

Eulota similaris var. stimpsoni Pfr. Nemoto and Mera, Boshiu, Tokyo, Katsura,

Osaka (Stearns).

Eulota sieboldiana Pfr. Kyoto (Gaines) ; Mera, Boshiu, Yokohama, Tokyo (Stearns).
Eulota laeta Gld. Hokkaido (Gaines).

Eulota (Euhadra) luhuana Sowb. var. nimbosa Crosse.

Arima (Gaines) ; Yokohama (Stearns). Bands, indifferently twa
or three; sometimes the dark bands cover the ground, except for
the light flames ; and this is the form I have called var. subatra*
Others occur at Yokohama without dark bands, but with the papery
streaks.

156 JAPANESE MOLLUSK8, HELICID^!.

Eulota (Euhadra) luhuana var. eoa Crosse. Yokohama (Stearns).
Eulota (Euhadra) luhuana var. brandti Kob. Nikko (.Stearns).
Eulota Euhadra) luhuana var. nipponensis Kob.

Kyoto ; both the plain and a two-banded form collected by Mr.
Stearns. Lip indifferently purplish-fleshy or white.

Eulota (Euhadra) luhuana var. amaliae Kob.

Japan (Stearns).

Eulota Euhadra luhuana var. senckenbergiana Kob. Mt. Hie, Hiezan (Guinea)

Eulota i Euhadra) quaesita Desh. Near Yokohama.

Eulota (Euhadra) quaeiita var. perryi Jay. Nikko (Stearns).

Eulota (Euhadra) blakeana Newcomb. PI. I, figs. 3, 7, 8, 8.

Helix blakeana Newc., Proc. Cal. Acad., Ill, p. 179, (1865) ; not
H. blakeana Tate, 1870, = Thysanophora tatei Pils., 1895.

Helix (Aegista) blakei Kobelt, Faun. Jap., p. 23, pi. 7, f. 10, 11.

Helix (Eulota /) blakei Kobelt, Conchyl. Cab., p. 673, pi. 192,
f. 9, 10.

The type lot of this species is preserved in the museum of Cor-
nell University, and consist of three specimens: the type drawn on
pi. I, figs. 7, 8, 8 ; a smaller specimen broken above, pi. I, fig. 3 ;
and a young shell.

The larger shell is slightly abnormal in having the last whorl
deeply descending on its last half, owing to a slight fracture. There
are 6 whorls, the earlier two forming the nepionic nucleus, apex ob-
tuse ; those following are convex, with moderately deep sutures,
showing slight growth wrinkles and close minute spiral, wavy im-
pressed lines, which are well developed over the whole surface, and
not different from those of E. peliomphala in fineness and spacing.
Umbilicus moderate, about one-eleventh the diameter of the shell,
rather more open inside than in peliomphala, half covered by the
expanded columellar lip. Alt. 19, diara. 28 mm.

The smaller specimen figured differs in the less descending last
whorl, less oblique aperture, less covered and larger umbilicus,
which is between one-eighth and one-ninth the diam. ; alt. — , diam.
26 mm. Both show a very slight, hardly noticeable angulation of
the periphery at the origin of the body whorl. The color is a uni-
form pale corneous-buff, lip white.

The species is very nearly allied to Eulota peliomphala, but seems
to be specifically distinct. Kobelt misquotes the reference to Cal.

JAPANESE MOLLU8KS, HELICID.K. 157

Acad. Proc., as well as the name of this species. We are indebted
to Prof. Gilbert H. Harris, of Cornell University Palseontological
Department, for the opportunity of figuring these specimens.

Eulota (Aegista 1) macrocycloides Kob. Kyoto (Gaines).

Eulota (Aegista) kobensis S. A B. Hiesan (Gaines).

Eulota (Plectotropis) vulgivaga S. & B. Yase, near Kyoto (Gaines).

Ganesella stearnsii n. sp. PI. I, fig. 4.

Shell imperforate, globose-turbinate, higher than wide, thin, straw
colored, with a peripheral brown line visible above suture on penul-
timate whorl ; surface smooth to the eye, but under a lens showing
very minute crowded spiral lines as in Eulota nipponensis, but rather
less distinct. Spire high, with convex outlines ; whorls 7i, very
convex, flattened and arcuate-striatulate below the sutures ; the last
rounded at periphery, somewhat descending in front ; base convex,
impressed in the center. Aperture somewhat oblique, semilunar,
white within ; outer lip arched, slightly expanded, a trifle thickened
within ; columella straight, vertical, narrow, deeply inserted, hardly
expanded at the insertion, its edge expanded below, reflexed and
closely appressed above in a very thin glaze over the axial region.
Alt. 29,diam. 24* mm.

Mt. Hie, Hiesan, near Kyoto (Gaines).

This is an extraordinary species, recalling If. sphceroconus of
Formosa and H. papilliformis of Nippon. The former is most nearly
allied, but differs in the flatter whorls, etc. Kobelt's species has
flatter whorls (" convexiusculi ") and a more slanting columella, etc
Whether these species belong with japonica Pfr. in Ganesella, or
are Euhadras allied to myomphala, remains to be decided by ana-
tomical research.

The name need not be confused with Helix stearnsiana Gabb, a
species of Epiphragwophora.
Ganesella goodwini Smith. Hiesan (Gaines).
Ganesella japonica Pfr. Kyoto, Kobe" (Gaines).

Specimens collected alive by Stearns supplied the anatomical
description of this genus in Man. Conch., IX.

PUPID-E.

The species of Clausilia collected have not yet been all identified,
and will be treated of elsewhere.

158 JAPANESE MOLLUSKS.

SUCCINEIDJE.

Succinea lauta Gld. Hakodate, Hokaido (Stearns).

AUKICULIDJE.

Melampus luteus Q. .v Q.

Numerous specimens brought from Japan by Mr. Stearns, but
probably imported.

LIMNJEIDJE.

Limnaea japonioa Jay. Hakodate (Steams).
Limnaea goodwinii Smith. Tokyo, Hakodate, Shimnosiki (Steams).

This probably is identical with L. pervia Mte.
Flanorbis ipirillai Gld. Kishiu (Stearns).

OPEBCULATA.

Coelopoma japonioum A. Ad. Kob6, (C.ainea).
Cyclotus campanulatus Mart. Kob6 (Gainea).
Cyclophorus herklotsi Mart. Hiezan (Gainea).
Pupinella rufa Sowb. K ..!.. .
Helioina japonioa A. Ad. Large var. Hiezen (Gaines).

VIVIPABIDJE.

Vivipara stelmaphora Bgt. var. malleata Reeve. Heda coast and Mera, Prov.
Bushiu. washed up on the beach (Stearns).

Vivipara sclateri Ffld. With the preceding.
Vivipara oxytropis Bens. Tokyo (Stearns).

MELANIIDJE.

For literature of Japanese Melaniidce see Boettger, Nachr. D. M.
Oes., 1886, p. 1, and Brot, Recueil Zool. Suisse, IV, p. 105.

Melania japonica Reeve. Shimosa, Yokohama (small form), Kishiu (young only),
Nikko. (Stearns).

Melania multigranosa Bttg. Shimosa. (Stearns).
Melania reiniana Brot. Shimosa. (Steam?).
Melania libertina Gld. Nemoto, Boshiu. (Stearns).
Melania lobbeokei Brot.

Isi. (Stearns). Specimens from this locality are very large, alt.
55-58 mm.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS, CYRENIDJE. 159

UNIONIDJE.

TTnio oxyrhynchus Martens. Osaka River (coll. by Gulicb) ; Uji River below Lake
Biwa (Gaines).

TTnio schlegelii Martens. (Gaines).

CYRENIDJE.
Corbicula orientalis Desh.

Numerous specimens, collected by Stearns, which I cannot distin-
guish from the continental form.
Corbicula japonica Prime, (-\-biformis Reinh.).

Yokohama, on tide-flats (Stearns).
Corbicula straminea Reinb. Mud flats, Kishiu coast (Stearns).
Corbioula martensii Clessin. (-\^yokohamensis Sowb.).

Tokyo (Stearns, in the fish market).
Sphserium heterodon n. sp. PI. Ill, figs. 15, 16, 17.

Shell rhombic-oval, anterior end subtruncate-rounded, posterior
end truncated, nearly equilateral, moderately convex ; light gray,
with yellowish ill-defined concentric zones, and usually a darker
zone or two. Beaks calyculate ; interior bluish-white. Right valve
with a single transverse, elongated cardinal in front of the beak ; a
double short anterior lateral lamella, a single posterior lamella.
Left valve with a single minute cardinal, a single short high ante-
rior lamella, posterior lamella double, short. Length 9i, alt. 7£,
diam. 5i mm.

Kishiu, Hizen (Stearns).

The cardinals are extremely minute, almost obsolete. Two speci-
mens have the beak caps conspicuous, a third having them ill-de-
fined.

160 LOO CHOO MOLLU8K8.

APPENDIX II.

LIST OF MOLLUSCA IN THE COLLECTION OF FREDERICK STEARNS

FROM THE MIDDLE Loo CHOO ISLANDS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES.

The species listed below were collected for Mr. Stearns by Morizo
Seta during 1891, 1892. Part of them were determined by Mr.
Stearns, part by Mr. Pilsbry, the latter being indicated by an
asterisk (*) following the species names.

In this list the name Yaeyama Jima (" many-peaked island") is
used for the largest of the middle Loo Choo group, often known as
Okinawa. We believe the same term has also been applied to
another island of the group.

A list of mollusks from the middle Loo Choo Is. has been pub-
lished by Dr. O. Bottger (Nachrichtsblatt des Deutschen Malako-
zoologischen Gesellschaft, 1892, p. 153). A recent general account
of the physical and political features of the group may be found in
The Geographical Journal, V, April, May, June (London, 1895) by
Professor Basil Hall Chamberlain, of the Imperial University of
Japan.

The most remarkable diversity exists in the etymology of the
name of these islands, but the form " Loo Choo " or its phonetic
equivalent " Luchu " seems preferable for English speaking peoples.

The malacological fauna of this chain of islands seems to be mod-
erately homogeneous as far as known.

ARGONAUTIDJE.

Argonauta gondola Dillw. Yaeyama.

ACT2EONIDJE.

Solidula glabra Rve.* Yaeyama.
Bullina soabra Gmel.* Yaeyama.

BTTLLID2E.

Bulla vernicosa Gld. Yaeyama.
17 live shells, col. varieties.

SCAPHANDRIDJE.

Atys oylindrica Helbling. Yaeyama.

Nat. name Shira-Kai (white shell}. 200 shells, mostly living.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 161

HYDATINIDJE.
Hydatina physis Lin. 3 shells. Yaeyama.

SIPHONAKIIDJE.
Siphonaria coreensis Ads. & Rve.* Yaeyama.

AUBICTJLID2E.
Pythia scarabeus Linn. (?). 1 Shell. Yaeyama.

Melampus caffer Krauss. Yaeyama. Very abundant. Dr. 0. Boettger has kindly
determined the specimens.

LIMNJEIDJE.
Limnaea pervia Marts. Yaeyama.

100 live shells (brought home in alcohol with a lot of Melampus).
ZONITID.E:.

Trochomorpha fritzei Boettger.* PI. X, figs. 9, 10, 11.
Bttg., Nachrbl. D. M. G., 1892, p. 160.

Dr. Boettger's excellent description of this species leaves nothing
to be desired. It is remarkable for the acute keel encircling the
umbilicus. The specimen figured is from the same island where the
types were originally found, Okinawa or Yaeyama ; it measures :
alt. 6, diam. min. 20, diam. maj. 22 mm., being slightly larger than
Boettger's types.

HELICIDJE.

Ganesella largillierti Philippi * PI. X, figs. 12, 13, 14.

Reported by Largilliert from the Loo Choo Is., and also included
in Boettger's list. There are three color varieties :

Var. immaeulata Ad. & Rv. (PI. X, fig. 12). Pale, almost white
above, with a yellowish-green sutural margin and base ; apex white.
(C. Icon., f. 420).

Var. eucosmia Pils. (PI. X, fig. 14). Body whorl begirt with dark
chestnut zones ; apex white or pinkish. Conf. Smith, P. Z. S. 1887,
p. 317.

Var. zacosmia Pils. (PL X, fig. 13). Body whorl having a black
band immediately above the periphery, fading into rich reddish-
chestnut toward the suture ; a white or yellow band below periphery,
bordered by a black zone below, the middle of the base yellowish-
chestnut or reddish-chestnut, apex purple. The coloring of this
variety is wonderfully rich for a Satsuma.

All of the above varieties collected on Yaeyama Island.
Eulota (Euhadra) yaeyamensis Pilsbry. PI. IX, figs. 1, 2, 3.

Shell sinistral, perspectively umbilicated, depressed, thin but
rather solid, light brown, with a supra-peripheral brown line. Sur-
11

162 LOO CHOO MOLLU8KH.

face irregularly wrinkle-striate, and in places showing an excessively
fine, superficial spiral striation. Spire low conoidal, composed of 6
convex, slowly widening whorls, the last nearly twice as wide as the
preceding, a trifle descending in front, rounded at the periphery and
beneath. Aperture oblique, wide lunate; peristome flesh-tinted,
narrowly expanded and subreflexed, and slightly thickened within*
dilated at the columellar insertion. Alt. 17, greater diam. 27 i,
lesser 23 ram.

Yaeyama (Okinawa) Island, Loo Choo group (Frederick Stearns).

This species is apparently most nearly allied to the Chinese H. lati-
labris Mlldff., but the umbilicus is more open, the lip narrower*
aperture more oblique, etc. The umbilicus is wider and more open
than in H. qucexita.

Another specimen is smaller (alt. 15, greater diam. 24, lesser
diam. 20J mm.), and straw-colored, with the usual dark girdle.

Eulota i Euhadra; quaesita Desb. Yaeyama.

Eulota (Euhadra) mercatoria Gray. PI. X, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Yaeyama I. (Stearns, 29 specimens).

Of this species I believe H. caliginosa Adams & Reeve (Voy.
Samarang, Moll., p. 62, pi. xvi, fig. 6) to be a synonym. The local-
ity " Mindanao " is, if I am right, probably incorrect. The species
shows the same great range of variability that is characteristic of
the Japanese Euhadras.

Figure 4 represents a large specimen uniform blackish in color
except for slightly marked light bands above and below the periph-
ery.

Figure 6 is the lightest specimen seen, being of a clear yellow tint
with a dark line at periphery. It is light below the sutures, like
the type of caliginosa. Figures 1, 2, 3 represent an average speci-
men.

Figure 5 is the smallest shell, measuring 17 J mm. diam. It is dis-
tinctly carinated in front, as are some other stunted specimens of the
lot.

All gradations of form, size and coloring between these selected
specimens are represented in the series secured by Mr. Stearns.

Eulota (Euhadra) connivens Pfr.

Yaeyama Island (Stearns).

This species varies from 17 J to 27 mm. in greatest diameter, and
shows much mutability in the degree of depression of the spire.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 163

Euiota (Acusta) despecta Gray.*- PI. X, figs 7, 8.

Yaeyama.

The shell varies in color from yellow or straw-colored with nearly
white aperture, to purplish-red with fleshy-purple aperture.
Euiota (Aegista) oculus Pfr.* (typinsana A. & R.). Yaeyama.

Adult specimens vary from 19 to 27 mm. diameter. They agree
well with the figures of H. typinsana Adams & Reeve, Zool. ' Sam-
arang,' pi. xv, fig. 3.

Euiota (Aegista) vermis Reeve.* PI. IX, figs. 7, 8, 9.

Yaeyama (Stearns).

Many examples of this splendid species were obtained. It is
notable for the depression of the inner whorls, which are frequently
concave.
Euiota (Pleototropis) mackensii Adama & Rve.* Yaeyama.

About 75 specimens of this magnificent species were secured by
Mr. Stearns. They are very large, from 34 to 39 mm. diameter,
varying in color from light straw-colored or greenish-yellow to dark
reddish-chestnut. One of these is figured in Man. Conch. (2), IX
pi. 64, fig. 16-17.

Euiota (Plectotropis) elegantissima Pfr.*

Yaeyama, (Stearns, 17 specimens).

Perfectly fresh shells show a fringe of long, delicate hairs at the
periphery, and along the suture of the last whorl.

PUPIDJE.

Clausilia (Stereophaedusa) valida Pfr.*

Clausilia (Stereophsedusa) Stearnsii Pilsbry. PI. I, fig. 12.

Shell elongated, regularly tapering, the next to the last and the
last whorl widest, the latter hardly contracted below ; moderately
solid, closely, lightly striated, the strise wanting on the earlier
whorls, more distinct and spaced on the latter part of the last whorl.
Color opaque purplish-brown. Whorls 12-13, but slightly convex,
separated by a shallow, simple suture. Aperture contained 4? to
4f times in length of shell ; peristome reflexed, whitish, slightly
thickened, not adnate ; superior lamella strong, extending to the
lip-edge ; inferior lamella deep-seated, parallel to the superior, in-
visible from the front ; subcolumellar lamella extending to lip-edge,
bounded by grooves ; palatal plicae two, the upper one long, second
rather short, with a thin white subvertical lunella below it, which is
strengthened below into a low bar.

164 LOO CHOO MOLLU8K8.

Alt. 31, greatest diameter of last whorl above aperture 5 mill.

Alt. 26, greatest diameter of last whorl above aperture 5 mill.

Yaeyama (Okinawa), Loo Choo Is. (Fr. Stearns).

Believing this species to be new, I sent examples to Prof. Dr. O.
Boettger, the great authority on these shells, and received the fol-
lowing emphatic confirmation of my opinion : " Die Clausilia von
Okinawa ist ohne jeden Zweifel n. sp. Es ist eine Stereophcedusa,
und steht in der Mitte zwischen japonica Crosse and brevior v. Mts."

No similar form has hitherto been reported from the Loo Choo
group, the nearest allies of the species being Japanese. It is named
in honor of Mr. FREDERICK STEARNS of Detroit, who has contributed
so largely to our knowledge of the Japanese fauna. The specimens
vary considerable in length, but not in other characters.

TEREBRIDJE.
Terebra (Subula) maculata Linn. Yaeyaina.

Native name, Take-noko-kai (bamboo sprout shell). 1 full
grown live shell 7", with operculum and one each without, 5f" and
3".

Terebra (Subula) muscaria Lain.(var.). Yaeyama. 1 live shell.
Terebra (Subula) muscaria Lam. (Typical).

Native name, Ushi-no-Tsuno, bora (bull's horn shell), 28 live
shells. Hirame Jima.
Terebra (Subula) crenulata Linn. Kudaka Is.

Native name, Uno-Tsuna, bora (big rope shell).
Terebra (Subnla) dimidiate Lam. Kudaka Is.

Native name, same as previous species ; 1 1 live shells.

CONIDJE.
Conns marmoreus Linn. Ohon-me Is.

Native name, Bote-furi, bora. 27 live shells, medium and small,
the largest 6 cm. long.

Conns imperialis Linn. Yaeyama.

Native name, Nagashi-nani. 4 live shells, 7 cm. long.
Conns vexillum Gml. Itoma Jima.

5 fine live shells, with epidermis, the largest 5}" long.
Conns miles Linn. Kobasbima.

9 live shells with epidermis, the largest 7 cm. long.
Native name, Imo-Gai (sweet-potato shell).

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 165

Conus capitaneus Linn. Kudata.

Native name, Hibi-bora. 1 live shell, 53 mm. long.
Conus geographus Linng.*

Native name, Naga-bai (long shell).

13 mature, fine live shells. Koba-shima Is. Length from 8 cm.
to 11 cm.

Conus striatus Linn. Yaeyama Is.

Native name, Nagashi-nani. 15 mature live shells.
Conus tulipa (var. near C. obscurus Rve.). 1 live shell. Kudaka Is.

Native name, Hibi-bora.
Conus quercinus Hwass (var.).

Native name, Hibi-bora. 14 live shells, 8 cm. and less. Kudaka
Is.

Conus figulinus Linn. Kudaka Is.

1 fine live shell 6 cm., but very much darker in color than the
type. Native name, Hibi-bora.
Conus vitulinus Hwass. Nago Is.

1 live shell 39 mm. long.
Conus punoturatus Hwass. Kudaka.

1 live shell 16 mm. long.
Conus lividus Hwass. Oshima Is.

18 live shells with epidermis, the largest 54 mm. long.
Conus hebraeus Linn. Hirame Jima.

3 live shells, the largest 30 mm. long.
Conus pulioarius Hwass.* Ohon-me Is.

1 live shell 6 cm.

Conus literatus Linn. Kobashima. Tryon, Man. Vol. 6, p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 17.
10 shells with epidermis, the largest 13 cm. long.

Conus literatus Linn. var. millepunctatus Lam. Kobashima. Try., Man. Vol. 6,
p. 10, pi. 2, fig. 19.

14 shells, mostly mature, the largest 82 m. long, with epidermis.
Conus eburneus Hwass. Kudaka Is. Try., Man. Vol. 6, p. 11, pi. 2, fig. 24.

In this specimen the square spots are fewer and more distant.
1 live shell 5 cm. long, without epidermis.

Conus textile Linn. Kaboshima.

9 live shells, the largest 10 cm. long.

166 LOO CHOO MOLLU8K8

Conus aulicus Linn. Kudaka Is.

1 live shell, 9 cm. long.
Conns miliaris 1 1 was-. • Loo Cboo Is.
Conns omaria Hwass.* Yaeyama.

OLIVIDJE.
Oliva irisans Lam. var. erythrostoma Lam.

Native name, Naga-Bai (long shell). 26 live shells. Hirarae
Jima Is.

Oliva irisans Lam. var. olympiadina Duel. (= 0. pica Lam.).
1 shell. Yaeyama.

Oliva mustelina Lam. Yaeyama. T., M. Vol. 5, p. 78, pi. 22, figs. 6-14.

3 live shells, slightly varying.
Oliva guttata Lam.* Yaeyama.

EABNM.

Harpa conoidalis Lam.

Native name, Sho-ko-no-Nishiki (meaning gold brocade shell).
5 live shells, various sizes. Yaeyama.

Harpa minor Humph, (var.). 2 live shells. Kudnka Is.
Harpa nobilis Lam. 1 live shell. Yaeyama.

MITRIDJE.
Mitra episcopalis Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. Ill, pi. 32, fig. 1.

Yaeyama. Native name, Takenoko-Kai (bamboo sprout shell).
30 shells.

Mitra pontificalis Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. Ill, pi. 32, fig. 3.

Yaeyama. Native name, Takenoko-Kai (bamboo sprout shell).
10 live shells.
Mitra (Costellaria) ezasperata Gm. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 180.

Yaeyama. None of the figures given in Tryon are good. 11 live
shells.

Mitra (Tnrricnla) corrugata Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 168, pi. 50, fig. 429.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.
Mitra (Chrysama) digitalis Chem. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 149, pi. 44, fig. 278.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

Mitra (Soabrioola) sphaerulata Mart. Tryon. Man. Vol. 4, p. 122, pi. 39, fig. 149-
158.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 167

Mitra (Turricula) taeniata var. vittata Swains. (=M. taylorianaSby.) Tryon,
Vol. 4, p. 164, pi. 48, figs. 385-388.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.
Mitra (Turricula) berth* Sby. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 168, pi. 49, fig. 417.

Yaeyama. 1 good dead shell.
Mitra (Turricula) plicata Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 167, pi. 50, fig. 420.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.
Mitra cardinalis Gmel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. Ill, pi. 32, fig. 4.

Yaeyama. 4 live shells.
Mitra puncticulata Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 115, pi. 33, fig. 25.

Yaeyama. 5 live shells.
Mitra (Mitroidea) telum Sby. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 163, pi. , fig. 176.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.

Mitra (Strigatella) literata Lam. var.* Yaeyama.
Mitra (Strigatella) virgata Rve. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 156, pi. 46, fig. 34.

Yaeyama. 4 live shells.
Mitra (Cylindra) dactylus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 197, pi. 57, fig. 658.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Hibi-Bora. 11 live shells.
Mitra (Cylindra) crenulata Gml. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 197, pi. 57, fig. 666.

Kudaka Is. 1 live shell.

FASCIOLARIID.E.

Fusus tuberosus Reeve.* Kudaka Is,

Fusus inconstans Lisch. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 54, pi. 33, figs. 102-17.

Yaeyama. Native Dame, Youaki-momo (night-crying shell).
10 live shells.

Fusus multicarinatus Lam.

Yaeyama. Native name, same as above. 1 live shell.
Fusus distans Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, pi. 36, fig. 131.

Yaeyama. Native name, as above. 5 live shells.

Fusus colus Linn. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 52, figs. 90-95.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

Fusus nicobaricus Lam. (var. near F. laticostatus Desh.).

Hirame Jima Is. 12 live shells.
Fasciolaria filamentosa Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 75, pi. 59, fig. 9.

Itoma Jima Is. Native name, Yauaki-Gai (night-crying shell).
3 live shells with operculum and 5 without.

168 LOO CHOO MOLLU8K8.

Fasciolaria trapezium Lam.

Nago Island. 1 young shell, also 8 full-grown, 3 with opercula
and 5 without.

Latirug polygonus Gml. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 88, pi. 66-67, figs. 106-114.

Hirame Jima Is. 2 live shells.
Lagena smaragdula Linn. Loo Choo la.

TURBINELLA.
Turbinella (Vasum) turbinellum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 72. fig». 20-22.

Hirame Jima Is. 45 live shells.
Turbinella (Vasum) ceramioum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 72, pi. 21, fig. 18.

Hirame Jima Is. Native name, Naga-Bai (long shell). 9 live
shells, 1 very large.

Hemifusui ternatanui Gml. (=Pyrulatuba Lam.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 112,
pi. 44, fig. 233.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Uni. 4 live shells.

BUCCINIDJE.
Siphonalia cassidariformis Rve. = S. ornata and S. conspersa A. Ad.

Yaeyama. 14 live shells.
Siphonalia kelletti Forbes. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 134, pi. 54, fig. 352.

17 live shells.

Eburna japonica Sby.

Yaeyama. 7 living, but half-grown shells.
Tritonidea undulata Schepin * Middle Loo Choo Is.
Tritonidea undosa Linn. Yaeyama.
Tritonidea (Cantharus) rubiginosa Reeve.* Loo Choo Is.

NASSIDJE.

Nassa murioata Quoy A Gaimard (= N. gruneri Rve.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 5, p. 44,
pi. 14, fig. 217.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.
Nassa coronata Drug. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 23, pi. 7, fig. 8.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.
Nassa hirta Kiener var.* Yaeyama.
Nassa stigmaria A. Ad. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 54, pi. 16, fig. 308.

Yaeyama. 4 live shells.

Nassa picta Dkr. var. Tryon, Man. Vol. 4, p. 35, pi. 11, fig. 139.
Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 169

COLTJMBELLIDJE.

Columbella flava Brug.* Loo Choo Is.
Columbella scrip ta Lam.* Loo Choo Is.
Columbella (Conidea) discors Gmel.* Yaeyaina.
Columbella (Fusiostoma) mendioaria Linn.
Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

MURICIDJE.

Murex (Chicoreus) ramosus Linn.

Yaeyama. 12 large shells, full-grown, 1 half-grown.
Murex (Chicoreus) brevifrons Lam.

Yaeyama. Found also in many parts of the islands. 21 shells
in various stages of growth.
Murex adustus Lam.*

Called Yako-Gai in all parts of the islands.

Murex (Chicoreus) maurus Brod. Tryon, Man. Vol. 2, p. 89, pi. 38, fig. 139.
Yaeyama. 1 shell.

Kapana bezoar Linn.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Ushi-no-tsumo, bora (bull's mouth
shell). 1 shell, mature; 1 half-grown.
Furpura persica Linn, var.* Kobashima.
Furpura mancinella Linn.* Loo Choo Is.
Furpura (Thalessa) armigera Chem.

Called in Loo Choo Konpeto-Gai (konpeto meaning sweet-meats).
10 shells.

Furpura (Thalessa) hippocastaneum L., var. sulcata Desh.

From Hirame Jima Is. 17 shells,
lopas sertum Brug. Tryon, Man. Vol. II, p. 180, pi. 55, fig. 189.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

Ricinula histrix Lam.

Loo-Choo Is. 8 shells with rather light pink aperture, 10 with
darker.

Eicinula horrida Lam.

Yaeyama. Called Ushi-no-guchi, momo, meaning bull's mouth
shell. 6 with apertures dark purple, 9 with apertures somewhat
lighter.

170 LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

Bicinnla arachnoides Lam. == K. ricinus Linn.

Yaeyama. Called Ushi-no-guchi, momo, meaning bull's mouth
shell. 5 shells.

Sistrum concatenatum Lam.* Loo Choo IB.

TEITONIDJE.

Triton tritonis Linn. (= T. variegatua Linn.) Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 9, pi. 3-5, figs.
16-25.

Yaeyama. 10 shells, full-grown ; 25 smaller (very fine live
shells).

Triton nodiferus Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 3; pi. 3, fig. 417.
Yaeyama. 2 live shells.

Triton (Simpulum) pilearii Linn, (var.) Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 12, pi. 8, figs. 31-
36.

Yaeyama. 11 live shells.
Triton (Gutterninm) tuberoini Lam.*

Yaeyama. Native name, Ushi-no-hana, bora (bull's nostril shell).
4 live shells.

Triton (Lotorium) olavator Chemn. = T. exilis Rve. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 21, fig.

86.

Yaeyama. 1 young shell.

Triton (Cymatium) pyrum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 19, pi. 11, fig. 79; pi. 10,
fig. 76.

Yaeyama. 1 living adult shell.
Eanella (Lampas) bufonia Gmel. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 39, pi. 21, fig. 68.

Yaeyama. 7 live shells.
Eanella albivaricosa Rve. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 38, pi. 18, fig. 6.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.
Eanella (Lampas) lampas Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. I, p. 38, pi. 19, fig. 12.

Yaeyama. 5 shells typical. 5 shells with lighter colored aper-
ture, perhaps only older shells.
Eanella (Lampas) granifera Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 3, p. 41, pi. 22, fig. 35.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

CASSIDIDJE.

Cassis rufa Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 2, p. 273, pi. 3. fig. 57.
Yaeyama. 2 fine live shells.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSK8. 171

Cassis glauca Lam. Nago Is.

Var. near C. coronulata Sby., except that it is continuously banded
longitudinally. 9 live shells.

Cassis vibex Linn. (= C. torquata Rve.) Tryon, Man. Vol. 2, p. 277, pi. 7, fig. 89,
90, 92, 93.

Yaeyama. Native name, Yauaki-Momo (night-crying shell). 12
live shells.

Cassis coronulata.

Nago Is. 1 live mature shell.

Oniscia exquisita Ad. Rve. (= 0. ponderosa Hanley) Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 282,
pi. 8, fig. 100.

Yaeyama. 1 shell.
Dolium perdix Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 264, pi. 3, fig. 15.

Hirame Jima. Native name, Udsura-gai (quail shell). Also 1
full-grown shell from Yaeyama. 26 shells, 3£" to 2f".
Dolium costatum Mke. (var.) Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 263, pi. 4, fig. 19.

Itoma Jima Is. 1 young shell.

Dolium costatum Mke, var. maculatum Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 264, pi. 4,
fig. 21.

Itoma Jima Is. Native name, Ki gai (interest shell). 2 live shells,
not adult.

Dolium pomum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 265, pi. 5, fig. 26.

Yaeyama. Native name, Ki-gai (interest shell). 10 young shells,
1 to H inch long.
Dolium melanostoma Jay.

Yaeyama. 1 very young shell.

CYPK.EID.K.
Cypraea (Luponia) tigris Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 180, pi. 11, figs. 49-50.

Itoma Jima Is.

Over 100 very fine live shells, which I have separated into no less
than 15 well-marked color varieties. They vary from very light
cream-color, body sparsely blotched with brownish-black spots, to
others which are deeply mottled like tortoise shell.

There are also a number of immature shells of various sizes*
These specimens are incomparably finer in polish and lustre than
specimens of this species usually imported in bulk, and which are
much scratched and without lustre.

Native name, Hibi-bora ; Japanese name, Neko-gai (or cat shell).

172 LOO CHOO MOLLUSK8.

Cypraea talpa Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 167, pi. 3, figs. 31-33.

Kudaka Is. 10 fine live shells, 72 mm. and smaller and 3 beach-
worn.

Cypraea argus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 164, pi. 1, figs. 1-2.

Kudaka Is. 1 very fine live shell, 6 cm.

Cypraea Isabella Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 165, pi. 1, figs. 6-7.

Kudaka Is. 5 fine large shells, 4 poor and bleached.
Cypraea oarneola Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 166, pi. 8, figs. 26-30.
Kudaka Is. 12 fine live shells.

Cypraea (Arioia) caput-ierpentis Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 173, pi. 6, figs. °.8,
99, 100.

Kudaka Is. 131 fine live shells. Several varieties of marking.
Cypraea (Arioia) caput-anguis Phil. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 173, pi. 23, fig. 59.

Kudaka Is. 10 fine live shells.
Cypraea (Arioia) mauritiana Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 173, pi. 7, figs. 8-11.

Kudaka Is. 31 mature fine live shells, with three styles of varietal
marking.
Cypraea (Arioia) arabioa Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 177, pi. 8, fig. 24.

139 fine live shells (typical).
Cypraea (Arioia) annulus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 178, pi. 11, figs. 60-61.

Kudaka Is. 33 fine live shells.
Cypraea (Arioia) moneta Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 177, pi. 10. fig. 40.

Kudaka Is. Light yellow variety. 3 dark bands across the back ;
50 fine live shells.

Cypraea (Arioia) moneta Linn.* Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 177, pi. 11, figs. 51-52.

Kudaka Is. Fine deep-yellow variety ; 50 fine live shells.
•Cypraea (Luponia) vitellus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 182, pi. 13, figa. 72-73.

Kudaka Is. 52 fine live shells, with considerable variety in
marking.
Cypraea (Luponia) lynx Linn.* Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 183, pi. 14, figs. 86-87.

Kudaka Is. 24 fine live shells.

Cypraea onyx Linn6.* Loo Choo la.

Cypraea (Luponia) errones Linn.* Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 183, pi. 14, fig. 7.
Kudaka Is. 30 live shells.

Cypraea (Luponia) erosa Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 192, pi. 18, figs. 100-101.
Kudaka Is. 4 live shells.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

Cypraea (Luponia) helvola Linn.

Kudaka Is. 2 live shells.
Cypraea (Luponia) asellus Linn.

Kudaka Is. 1 full-grown shell and 3 smaller.
Cypraea cylindrica Born.* Kudaka Is.
Cyprae (Pustularia) staphylea Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 197, pi. 20, fig. 44.

Kudaka Is. 1 live shell.
Cypraea (Epona) cioercula Linn.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Koyasiu-Kai (little shell). 2 live
shells.

OVTJLID.E.
Ovula ovum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 246, p. 1, figs. 11-12.

Hirame Jima. 8 fine live shells.

STROMBIDJE.

Strombus lentiginosus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 110, pi. 3, figs. 23-24.

Yaeyama. Native name, Ushi-no-momo (bull's nose shell). 31
live shells.
Strombus latissimus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. Ill, pi. 3, fig. 27.

Katsuren Jima. 3 fine live shells.

Strombus costatus Gmel. var. inermis Swains. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 108, pi. 1,
fig. 8.

Ohon-me Is. Native name, Yonaki-momo (night crying shell). 1
live mature shell, 14 cm. x 8 cm.
Strombus canarium Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 110, pi. 2, figs. 18-20.

Kobashima. 33 live shells, several varietal markings.

Strombus urceus Linn. var. sanatellus Duel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 118, pi. 6, figs.
65, 66, 67.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Hibi-Bora. 30 live shells.

Strombus luhuanus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 122, pi. 8, fig. 91.

Kudaka Is. 2 live shells.
Strombus aratrum Martyn* (patificus Swains).

Itoma-Jima Is. Native name, Asagi-Kai. 9 fine live shells.
Strombus aurisdianae Linn.* Itoma-Jima Is.
Strombus aurisdianae var. laevis Perry.* Itoma-Jima Is.

174 LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

Pterocera bryonla Gmel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 124, pi. 8, fig. 14; pi. 9, fig. 8.

Katsuren Jima Is. 5 shells, 3, 12" long and 2 younger. Native
name, Nanatsu-Maimai (seven horned shell). The Japanese name
is Kumo-Gai (or spider-web shell).

Pterocera lambis Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 124, pi. 8, figs. 1-3.

Katsuren Jima Is. 41 adult shells. Native name, Nanatsu-
Maimai (seven-horned shell). Japanese name, Kumo-Gai (or spider-
web shell). Also 41 full-grown but not large. Also 17 small or a
smaller variety with brilliant dark chocolate cloudings on the back,
and 10 young shells, half-grown, with spines just started. Also 50
young shells, without the last spread-whorl or horns.
Pterooera rugosa Sby. Tryon, Man. Vol. 7, p. 126, pi. 10, fig. 12.

Katsuren Jima Is. 35 shells. All adult except 5 young ; 2 of the
adult shells have very much darker pinkish apertures than the
others.
Seraphs terebellum Linn6.* Loo Choo Is.

CERITHIIDJE.
Cerithium nodulosum Brug\ Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 122, pi. 20, fig. 15.

Kaboshima Is. 34 live shells, the largest species of the family.
Cerithium echinatum Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 123, pi. 20, fig. 274.

Kudaka Is. Native name, Chiu-Bora. 7 live mature shells.
Cerithium tuberculatum Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 133, pi. 24, fig. 25.

Yaeyama. 13 live shells.
Cerithium columna Sby. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 123, pi. 20, fig. 19.

Yaeyama. 3 live shells.

Cerithium morus var. moniliferum Dufresne. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 133, pi. 24,
fig. 35.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

Cerithium rubus Mart. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 131, p. 23, fig. 4.
Yaeyama. 1 shell.

Clava (Vertagus) vertagus Linn. White var. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 149, pi. 29,
fig. 69.

Katsuren Jima. Native name, Shiro-ji-tsu-tan, bora. 14 live
shells.

Clava (Vertagus) vertagus Linn. Chestnut-colored var. Fig. 70 of pi. 29.
Katsuren Jima. 7 live shells.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 175

Potamides telescopium Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 161, pi. 33, fig. 56.
Yaeyama. 2 small shells, 4 cm.

Potamides (Aphanistylus) sinensis Phil. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 164, pi. 34, fig.
97. Yaeyama Is.

Cerithium moms Lam. var. rugosum Wood. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 134, pi. 24, fig.
47.

Yaeyama. 1 shell.

rithium (Liocerithum)
32.

Yaeyama. 3 shells.

Cerithium (Liocerithum) piperitum Sby. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 144, pi. 27, fig.
32.

VERMETID.E.

Thylacodes dentiferus Lam. (?).* Yaeyama.
Petaloconchus sp. undet.* Loo Choo Is.
Siphonium maximum Sowb.* Yaeyama.

LITTORINIDJE.

Littorina (Melaraphe) ziczac Chem. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 251, pi. 45,
figs. 5-7.

Yaeyama. 48 living shells, found with a lot of Melampus.
Littorina littoralis Liun. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 242, pi. 41, figs. 5-8.

Yaeyama. 10 live shells.
Littorina scabra Linn. var. filosa Sby. Tryon, Man. Vol. 9, p. 244, pi. 42, fig. 28.

Yaeyama.
Echinella oumingi Phil.* Yaeyama.

BOLABIIDJB.

Solarium cingulum Kien.* Nago Is.
Solarium hybridum Linn.* Nago Is.

CYCLOPHORID.E.

Cyclophorus turgidus Pfr.*

Miya-Kojima ; Yaeyama. The shells from the locality first men-
tioned above are typical, agreeing well with the figures in the Conch-
ylien Cabinet. The specimens from Yaeyama differ in having the
peripheral keel almost, or in some specimens wholly, obsolete.
Leptopoma vitreum Less.* Yaeyama.
Cyclotus taivanus H. Adams.*

Miya Kojima Is. A single specimen, apparently not differing
from this Formosan species.

176 LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

TRUNCATELLIDJE.
Tmncatella valida Pfr. Yaeyama.*

HIPPONYCIDJE.

Hipponyx australis Quoy.*

NATICID2B.

Natica sagraiana Linn. (rar.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 19, pi. 3, fig. near fig. 45.
Yaeyama. 19 shells, mostly small.

Natioa vitellus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 29, pi. 8, fig. 60.

Yaeyama. The figure does not fairly represent this species. 5
live shells, 30 mm. long x 27 mm.
Natica ohinensis Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 53.

Yaeyama. 40 shells, mostly young.
Natica adamsiana Dkr. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 27.

Yaeyama. Larger and unlike in coloring the typical figure 46,
pi. 8. Light olivaceous brown; 6 banded in different shades.
Length 37 mm. by 29 mm. width. 8 shells, live and with opercula,
28 dead, without.

Polynices (Mamma) dubia Reel. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 47, pi. 16, very
near fig. 50.

Kobashima. 10 fine live shells, various stages of growth, without
opercula.
Polynices (Mamma) mamilla Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 49, pi. 16, fig. 46.

Yaeyaraa. 4 shells.
Polynices (Mamma) aurantia Lam.

Yaeyama. Small, light yellow variety. The callus and umbili-
cus like fig. 40, pi. 15, Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 42. 110 fine live
shells 29 mm. x 22 mm., with opercula; a beautiful and distinct
variety.
Polynices (Mamilla) melanostoma Gml. Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 50, pi. 21, fig. 14.

Yona-Guni Is. 17 live shells, the largest 45 mm. x 33 mm.
Polynices flemingianus Reel.*
Sigaretus planulatus Reel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 8, p. 58, pi. 25, figs. 75-77.

Yaeyama. 1 live shell.

IANTHINIDJE.
lanthina com munis Lam.*

LOO CHOO MOLLU8KS. 177

PYRAMIDELLID.E.
Pyramidella sulcata A. Ad.
Yaeyama. 6 live shells.

Pyramidella (Otopleura) mitralis A. Ad.*
Yaeyama. 2 live shells.

NERITIDJE.

Nerita (Odontostoma) polita Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 30, pi. 6-7.

Yaeyama. Many varieties and coloring. Native name, Tsume-
Gai (nail shell). 2000 fine live shells.

Nerita (Odontostoma) picea Reel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 33, pi. 9, fig. 52.
Yaeyama. 100 live shells.

Nerita (Odontostoma) ascensionis Chem. (?). Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 31, pi. 7,
fig. 27.

The only difference between this shell and the type as figured is
that the area is slightly wrinkled.
Nerita albicilla Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 19, pi. 2, figs. 21-26.

Yaeyama. Several color varieties with opercula. 69 live shells.

Nerita chameleon Linn. var. squamulata LeGuillon. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 20,
pi. 2, figs. 34-36.

Yaeyama. 3 shells.
Nerita albicilla Linn. (var.).

Yaeyama. 4 live shells.
Nerita turrita Chem. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 37, pi. 11, fig. 2.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells.

Nerita (Pila) undata Linn. var. funiculata Rve. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 29, pi. 7,
fig. 30.

Yaeyama. 2 shells.
Nerita helicinoides Rve. var. Isevilabris n. var.* PI. IV, fig. 32.

Shell obliquely globose-turbinate, multilirate, lirae 18-20 on body-
whorl, the lower 3 or 4 nearly obsolete ; buff or whitish, encircled
by three bands of black variegation alternating with similar rose-
dotted zones ; on some specimens the black replaced by rose. Spire
elevated ; last whorl descending, appressed at suture, concave below
it. Aperture oblique, outer lip prolonged above, bevelled to an
edge inside, margin yellow with dark dots, within this strongly
thickened by a white smooth callus which is generally subtruncate
12

178 LOO CHOO MOLLUSK8.

or most weakly unidentate above. Area flat, smooth, yellow, the
columellar edge with two slight submedian notches. Alt. 13, diam.
13 mm.

Operculum flat, having a closely granulose band around the outer
edge, smooth or with very sparse granules in the middle and at
proximal end ; smoky or blackish-gray except at basal end which is
white, a paler streak extending up outer margin. Inside light yel-
lowish proximally, olivaceous distally ; flat, rather thin, becoming
slightly thicker toward straight margin, but the linear adhesion-
scar impressed ; spiral process long ; basal process rugose or striated.

Yaeyama. 300 specimens.

Differs from helicinoides and its synonym pellis-serpentis in the
completely smooth outer lip ; from affinis in the coloration, etc.
Nerita hindsii Reel * Yaeyama.
Nerita undata var. leguillouana Reel. Yaeyama.
Neritina ualanensis Less.* Yaeyama.
Neritina (Clithon) sowerbyana Reel. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 67, pi. 24, fig. 45 ;

pi. 25, figs. 46-51.

Yaeyama. 48 live shells with opercula.

TURBINIDJE.
Turbo marmoratus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 191, pi. 4, fig. 23.

Yaeyama. 12 fine large mature shells with opercula. Native
name, Yako-Gai.

Turbo (Batillus) cornutui Gmel. (Typical). Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p 210, pi. 43,
fig. 50.

Kudaka Is. 22 live shells, some with opercula.
Turbo (Batillus) cornutus Gmel. (var.).

Kudaka Is. 25 shells with opercula with but one row of tuber-
cles instead of two as in the type and of smaller size.

Turbo parvulus Phil.* Yaeyama.

Turbo (Senectus) argyrostomus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 197, pi. 40, fig. 18.

Katsuren Jima. A var. with no elevated vaulted scales on line.
19 live shells with opercula, 9 no opercula ; also Kudaka Is. 47
live shells, small size, without vaulted scales on the lirse ; with and
without opercula ; also a var., Kudaka. 2 live shells, full-grown
and with opercula, without vaulted scales on the lirse.
Turbo imperialis Gml. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 192, pi. 43, fig. 53.

Yaeyama. 2 fine mature shells with opercula, more highly nod-
ulated on the body whorl than in the figure.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 179

Turbo petholatus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 193, pi. 40, fig. 114.

Yona-Guni Is. Color varieties, 5 shells with opercula and 3 with-
out.

Turbo (Marmorostoma) coronatus Gml. var. granulatus Gml. Tryon, Man. Vol.
10, p. 27, pi. 45, fig. 18.

Yaeyama. 150 shells with opercula, some similar to the figure,
but most of them nodulated. 2 varieties.

Turbo (Marmorostoma) porphyrites Mart. Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 215, pi. 50,
fig. 58 ; pi. 42, fig. 39.

Yaeyama. 2 live shells without opercula.

Astralium (Bolma) modestum Rve. Tryon, Man. Vol. 19, p. 229, pi. 55, figs. 63-
64.

Yaeyama. 19 shells. Native name, Ishi-ni-tsiu (stone adhering
shell).

TROCHIDJE.

Trochus niloticus Linn. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11, p. 17, pi, 1, figs. 5-8.

Kobashima Is. 9 live shells with opercula.
Trochus (Cardinalia) nodiferus Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11, p. 22, pi. 3, fig. 18.

Yaeyama. Smaller than the figure. 2 live shells, small var.
Native name, Taka-jiri.

Trochus (Cardinalia) triserialis Lam. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11, p. 21, pi. 4, figs. 30-
31.

Nago Is. 1 live shell.

Trochus (Infundibulum) radiatus Gml. var. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11, p. 37, pi. 8,

figs. 91, 92.

Yona-guni Is. 1 live small shell.

Trochus (Lamprostoma) maculatus Linn. (var.). Tryon, Man. Vol, 11, p. 24, pi.
9, fig. 1.

Ohon-me Is. Native name, Taka-jiri. 10 live shells without
opercula.

Trochus (Lamprostoma) tubiferus Kiener. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11, p. 31, pi. 6, figs.
62, 63.

Yona-guni Is. Native name, Yona-guni. 6 live shells, no oper-
cula.

Trochus (Lamprostoma) maculatus var. gibberula A. Ad. Tryon, Man. Vol. 11>
p. 26, pi. 6, figs. 51-60.

Kobashima Is. 1 live shell.

180 LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

Umbonium giganteum Less.

Yaeyama. 122 shells, color variety C ; of color variety D 27 ; of
color variety E (ater Pilsbry) 38 ; of color variety F 4 ; of color
variety H 4 ; of color variety K (new or not before obtained, sur-
face pinkish with brown blotches and clouds) 40 shells.
Umbonium superbum Gld.

Yaeyama. Color varieties. 15 shells.
Ethalia guamense Quoy.*
Chrysostoma paradozum Born.*
Delphinula delphinula Linn6.* Tryon, Man. Vol. 10, p. 266, pi. 67, figs. 1, 2.

Nago Is. 42 mature shells, no opercula. Native name, Fusa-kabe,
bora.

STOMATIIDJE.
Stomatia phymotis Helbling.* Ohon-me Is.

HALIOTIDJE.

Haliotis gigantea Chomn.

Hirame Jiraa Is. 4 large and 1 small shell.
Haliotis (Padollus) ovina Chemu.*

Kobashima Is. 16 large shells, and var., 1 shell.
Haliotis (Teinotis) asinina Linn.

Hirame Jima Is. Native name, Awabi, 110 shells.

ACMJEIDJE.

Aomeea sacoharina Linn.* Yaeyama.

PATELLIDJE.

Helcioniscus nigrosquamatus Rve.*

Yaeyama. 58 live shells. Native name, Seuen-gai (may you
live a thousand years shell).

Helcioniscus testudinarius Linn. Yaeyama.

PELECYPODA.
MACTEIDJE.

Mactra maculata Gmel.* Yaeyama.

Tresus nuttalli Conr.

Yaeyama. 2 large, live shells.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 181

P3AMMOBIID.E.

Psammobia elongata Lam.* Yaeyama , Oshima.
Asaphis violacea Forskal.* Kudaka Is.
Asaphis deflorata Linne.* Yaeyama; Kudaka Is.

TELLINIDJE.
Tellina staurella Lam.*

Yaeyama. Native name, Luna-gai, beach sand-shell.

Tellina staurella Lam. var. scalaris Lam.* Kobashima Is.
Tellina virgata L. var. jubar Hanley.* Yaeyama.
Tellina scobinata Linn.* Kudaka Is.
Tellina perna Spengler.* Yaeyama.
Tellina rugosa Born.* Yaeyama.
Tellina chloroleuca Lam.*

Yaeyama ; Kobashima Is. Native name, Luna-gai, beach sand-
shell.
Tellina sp.* Ohon-me Is.

VENEBIDJE.

Venus reticulata Linn.* Yaeyama.
Venus puerpera Linn.* Kobashima Is. ; Katsume-Jima.
Venus listeri Gray.* Yaeyama.
Cytherea castrensis Linn.* Yaeyama.
Cytherea (Crista) gibba Linn.* Yona-Guni.
Cytherea (Crista) pectinata Linn.* Kobashima Is.
Cyclina sinensis Grnel.* Yaeyama.
Tapes literata Linn.* Kudaka Is.
Tapes literata var. punctata Chemn.* Kudaka Is.
Tapes striata Chemn.* Yaeyama.

TRIDACNIDJE.
Tridacna squamosa Lam.

Itoma Jima Is. 1 large shell, 13" long, 8" broad, 9" thick. Upon
this are are growing 2 Chama (sp. undet). Native name, Aji-gai.
Such shells are used in the Loo Choos for making domestic utensils.
Tridacna gigas Lam.

Itomo Jima Is. 1 large shell, 13" long, 9" broad, 81" thick. Na-
tive name, Aji-gai.

182 LOO CHOO MOLLU8K8.

Tridacna squamosa Lam.

Itoma Jima Is. 13 young shells, 4" to 3i" long.
Tridacna crocea Lam. (=T. scapha Meusch.).

Itoma Jima Is. 15 shells, from 5" in length down to 3*"
Tridacna elongata Lam.

Itoma Jima Is. . 26 shells, 1-9" long, the rest from 6" down to 3"
in length. Native name, Aji-gai.
Tridacna elongata Lam.

Var. smaller than the type ; more elongated and carved at the
basal opening. 13 specimens, from 6" to 3" long.

Hippopus maculatus Lam.

Itoma Jima. 9 shells, from 6i" to 4" long.

CARDIIDJE.

Cardium flavum Linn.*
Cardium rugosum Lam.* Yaeyama.
Cardinm (Serripes) muticum Kve.
Yaeyama. 6 large shells.

Hemicardium cardissa Linn.

Hirame Jima Is. 47 fine live shells, from 7 cm. down to 4 cm.
Native name, Avi-gai, so named after the leaf of the Avi plant,
which is the crest of the Tycoon.

Hemicardium unedo Linn.* Ohon-me Is.

CORBIDJE.

Corbis

LUCINID2E.
Lucina exasperata Reeve.*

Yaeyama Is., Loo Choo group.

Shell externally like L. exasperata, but less compressed, the diam-
eter half the length, with wider lunule. Interior having the surface
within the pallial impression most minutely roughened, outside of
the pallial impression polished and shining.

Length 80, width 74, diam. 40 mm. .

Length 50, width 40 A, diam. 24£ mm.

Of this form, two specimens are before us, the smaller one from
Okinawa Island (Yaeyama), the larger procured in Japan, locality
unknown. The smaller shell is yellow within, with a white border,

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 183

the hinge-margin red except the cartilage-pit and the plate below it.
The larger specimen is a very faint buff within the pallial line, with
a faint pink tint on the hinge.
Luoina interrupta Lam.* Kudaka Is.
Lucina punctata Linn.* Yaeyama.

CHAMID.ZE.

Chama semipurpurata Lischke (?).* Oshima Is.
Chama lazarus Lam.* Kudaka Is. ; Oshima Is.
Chama divaricata Rve.* Kudaka Is. ; Oshima Is.

CYBENID.E.

Corbicula sp. undet.* Yaeyama.

Cyrena fissidens n. sp. PI. VIII, figs. 5, 6.

Shell resembling C. sinuosa as figured by Clessin (Conch. Cab.,
pi. 45, f. 1), but the posterior lateral tooth and corresponding pit
much slender and somewhat longer, the posterior cardinal tooth in
right valve split by a sulcus much broader than the space between
the posterior and the next adjacent cardinal teeth. Valves orbi-
cular, very convex, lightly wrinkle striate, and covered with a black
cuticle. Posterior slope depressed, with a radiating wide and shal-
low furrow, rendering the margin slightly emarginate. Dorsal,
anterior and basal margins well rounded ; posterior margin obliquely
subtruncate. Length 86, breadth 77, diam. 49 mm.

Yaeyama Is., Loo Choo group. A single specimen collected.

Cyrena luchuana n. sp. PI. IX, figs. 4, 5.

Shell large, inequilateral, oblong, the anterior end short, broadly
rounded, posterior end long, produced, and squarely truncated ;
basal margin gently arcuate, dorsal margin narrowly rounded at the
beaks, the anterior slope short and nearly straight, posterior slope
long, rectilinear. Valves strong, convex, the posterior dorsal area
flat or concave, bounded by a blunt angle, another obtuse angle
extending from beaks to lower-posterior extremity. Interior white,
stained with buff-olive on the hinge. Cardinal teeth bifid ; ante-
rior lateral very short and strong; posterior lateral long, remote
from cardinals. Cuticle dull brown, with a yellow under color, ir-
regularly wrinkle-striate, lamellose behind, and less so over the
whole disk. Length 94, breadth 72, diam, 47 mm.

Yaeyama Is., Loo Choo group (Frederick Stearns).

184 LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS.

Cyrena yaeyamensis n. sp.* PI. VIII, fig. 7; pi. IX, fig. 6.

Shell shorter than the preceding, being less produced posteriorly,
the posterior surface not so distinctly angular, posterior truncation
less marked ; anterior lateral tooth not so short. Anterior dorsal
slope of hinge line straight, posterior dorsal slope slightly convex.
Color and sculpture as in luchuana, except that there is usually
some oblique corrugation of the posterior slope. Length 75, breadth
63, diam. 36 mm.

Yaeyama Is., Loo Choo group (Frederick Stearns).

This may prove to be a form of Cyrena papua, or of C. buschii
Phil., of China, but it is more triangular, with the posterior margin
more produced.

MYTILIDJE.

Mytilus crassitesta Lischke.* Yaeyama.
Modiola philippinarum Hanley.*

LIMIDJE.
Lima lima Linn.* Yaeyama.

SPONDYLIDJE.

Spondylus ducalis Chemn.* Hirama Jima Is.
Spondylis sinensis Sowb.* Hirama Jima I -.

OSTRJEIDJE.

Ostraea rivularis Old. (?)* Yaeyama.
Ostraea cucullata Born.* Yaeyama.
Ostraea hyotis Linn. Yaeyama.
Ostraea denselamellosa Lischke.* Yaeyama.
Ostraea cristagalli Linn.* Yaeyama.

PTERIIDJE.

Pteria macroptera Lam.*

Throughout the Loo Choo group (Stearns).

Some of the specimens collected attain great size, rivalling M.
margaritifera.

Pteria cochenhauseni Dkr.* (=A. flammata Reeve ? ) Itoma Jima Is.
Pteria meleagridis (Spengl.) Chemn.* Itoma Jima Is.
Perna (Meleagrina) margaritifera Linn.* Yaeyama.
Malleus regula Forsk.* Yaeyama.

LOO CHOO MOLLUSKS. 185

Malleus vulgaris Lam.

In this species the valves are serpentine in their length.
Malleus albus Lam.

Yaeyama. In this species the valves are straighter than in the
other. Altogether 21 fine specimens.

PERNIDJE.

Perna acutirostris Dkr.* Yaeyama.
Perna isoguomum Linn.* Yaeyama.
Perna costellata Conr.* Yaeyama.

PINNIDJE.
Pinna nigrina Lam.*

ABCIDJE.

Area scapha Chemn.* Yaeyama.
Area (Scapharca) subcrenata Lischke.* Itoma Jima Is.

ERRATA.

P. 10. Add the following:
Haminea binotata n. sp.

Shell cylindric-oval, hardly wider below, truncated above, rounded
beneath, thin, but rather solid, ruddy-corneous, with a small opaque-
white spot at each end, that at apex bounded below, that at colu-
mella, above, by an opaque orange or reddish tract, appearing only
on the latter part of the whorl. Surface polished, with excessively
fine and close spiral striae, and rather coarse growth wrinkles.
Aperture rather narrow, moderately enlarged below. Outer lips
rising slightly above the vertex, but by no means high-arched. Col-
umella concave, short, with a lunate, reflexed, but free, not adherent,
flange, but not fold. Apex closed or subperforate. Alt. ll,diam.
7 mm.

Yaeyama, Loo Choo Is. (Stearns).
Haminea binotata var. Japonica n. v.

Shell like the above in coloration and sculpture, but smaller, thin
and fragile, more swollen, the reflexed coluuiellar callus thinner and
adnate to body. Alt. 9, diam. 6'2 mm.

186 LOO CHOO MOLLU8KS.

Nemoto, Boshiu (Stearns).
P. 13. Add the following :
Conus flavidus Lamarck. Tryon Man. Conch. VI, p. 44.

Japan, exact locality unknown (Stearns). The specimens are
more square-shouldered than typical flavidus, in form and coloring
more like Reeve's surgillatua, but I do not doubt their specific iden-
tity. It has not before been reported from Japan.

P. 16. Columbarium pagoda was collected by Stearns in the In-
land Sea near Awaji.

P. 25. Add :

Mitra (Scabricola) punctolirata A. Ad. Goto. Is. (Adams).

Mitra (Scabricola) itabella Swains, (-f morchii Ad. and herklot-
siana Dohrn), Tryon, Manual, IV, p. 137.

P. 49. Oniscia. The name of this genus should stand LAMBI-
DIUM, as Smith has shown, Journal of Malacology, iv, p. 14.

P. 53. For « Volvula " read Volva.

P. 73. Add above Adeorbiida the following :

Lamellariidce.

Lamellaria punctata Stitnpson. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.r
1855, p. 378. Oushima (Stimp.). Described as Coriocella.
P. 98. Add :

Photinula (?) qucesita A. Adams. Man. Conch, XI, p. 281.
Aniwa Bay. Tatiyama, Kino-o-sima, 17 fms. (Ad).
P. 159. Add the following Unionidce:
Unio Japanensis Lea. Paddy fields near Tokyo.
Unio nipponensis Martens. Paddy fields near Kamakura.
Dipsas plicatus Sol. Rice paddy fields, near Yokohama.
Dipsas Reinianus Mart. Paddy fields near Yokohama.
Anodonta cellensis Schrot. Odelawara.
Anodonta Japonica Martens. Paddy fields near Sagama.
Anodonta Woodiana Lea. Rice paddy fields near Yokohama.

INDEXTO GENERA ANDSUBGENERA.

A

Astralium,

89, 179

rv

Atilia,

. 39

Acanthochites,
Acila,
Aclis, .

.. 115
... 151

'* 76

Atys,
Auriculina,
Avicula, .

8, 160
. 85
. 146

Acmsea, .

110, 180

Axmus, .

. 133

Actseon, .

7

Actseopyramis,

. 84

R

Acusta, .

. 163

LJ

Adeorbis, .
Admete, .
Adula,
Aegista, .
Aesopus, .
Agadina, .
Alaba,

. 73
. 22

. 140
157, 163
. 40
5
. 65

Barnea, .
Basilissa, .
Basterotia,
Bathybembyx,
Batillus, .
Bela,

. 116
. 96
. 118
. 97

. 88, 178
. 19

Alcyna, .

A 1 * 1

. 95

Bertinia, .

" . 11

Alicula, .
Alvania, .
Amathis, .

. 66

. 82

Bittium, .
Bolma,
Buccinum,

. 56, 57
. 89, 179
. 31

Amaura, .
Amaurella,
Amusium,
Amycla, .

72
. 79
. 145
. 40

Bulbus, .
Bulla, .
Bullina, .

. 46
. 10, 160
7, 160

Anatina, .

' . 138

Ancilla, .

' . 24

C

Ancillaria=A.n

cilia

Angulus, .

. 124

Csecella, .

118

Anodonta,

. 186

Calliostoma,

99

Anomia, .

. 141

Callista, .

127

Apicalia, .

. 79

Callistochiton,

114

Aplysia, .

. 10

Camitia, .

100

Area,

147, 185

Cancellaria,

21

Architeuthis,

4

Cantharidus,

95

Archytsea,

. 73

Cantharus,

33

Arcopagia,

. . 124

Capulus, .

69

Argonauta,

1, 160

Cardilia, .

118

Asaphis, .

122, 181

Cardiomya,

136

Aspergillum,

; . 136

Cardita, .

134

Assiminea,

. 69

Cardium, .

131, 182

(187)

188

INDEX.

Cassis,
Cavolinia,

48, 170
5

Cuculkea,
Cultellus,

. 151
120

Cerithiopsis,
Cerithium,

. 57

55, 174

Cuspidaria,
Cuvierina,

! 136
5

Cerostoma,
Chsetopleura,
Chama, .

. 43
, 113
134, 183

Cyclina, .
Cyclophorus,
Cyclostrema,

126, 181
158, 175
. 102

Chione,

. 128

Cylotus, ,

158, 175

Chiton, .
Chlorostoma,
Chrysallida,
Chrysodomus,
Chrysostoraa,

. 115
• . 93

. 82
• . 28
93, 180

Cylichna,
Cylindromitra,
Cyllene, .
Cyphoma,
Cyprsea, .

9
. 26
. 32
. 53
50, 171

Cingulina,

• . 87

Cyrena, .

. 183

Circe,

• •. 128

Cyrilla, .

150

Citharopsis,

. 20

Cytherea,

. 181

Collonia, .

. 90

[

Conradia,

. 64

1

Corbula, .
Clanculus,
Clathurella,
Clausilia, .
Clava, .
Clavagella,
Clavatula,
dementia,

a in

. 117
. 93
. 20
157, 163
56, 174
136
19
127

Daphnella,
Delphinula,
Deutalium,
Desmoulea,
Diala,
Diplodonta,
Dipsas,
Disci nisca,

21
91, 180
115
37
65
132
186
154

10,
Clithon, .
Coelopoma,
Columbarium,
Col um bell a,
Cominella,
Conus,
Coralliophaga,
Coralliophila,
Corbicula,

1

178
158
16, 185
38, 169
. 32
3, 164, 186
. 136
. 45
159, 183

Distorsio, .
Distortrix,
Dolabella,
Dolium, .
Donacilla,
Donax,
Dosinia, .
Drillia, .
Dunkeria,

47
47
10

49, 171
118
121
125
16
87

Couthouya,

. 64

Crania,

. . 154

Cranopsis,

. 109

Crassatella,

. 135

Eastonia, .

. 120

Crassatellites,

. . . 135

Ebala, .

- . 76

Crenella, .

. 141

Eburna, .

34, 168

Crepidula,

. 70

Ecliinella,

62, 175

Creseis, .

5

Eglisia, .

76

Crossea, .

. 76

Elusa,

82

Cryptochiton,

. . 115

Emarginula,

109

Cryptogramma

i

. ' 128

Endopleura,

123

Cryptomya,

. .r 118

Engina, .

40

INDEX.

189

Euida, . 7

. 96

Entodesma,

X. 137

Erato, ; f PH|
Erodona, .

. 52
. 117

Hal i otis, .
Haminea,

Ervillia, .
Ethalia, .
Euchelus,

. 118
100, 180
. 99

Harpa,

Helcioniscus,
Helicina,

.

Eudesia, .

. 152

Helix,

Euhadra,
Eulima, .
Eulimella,
Eulota,
Euthria, .
Evalea, .

155, 161
. 77
. 86
155, 161
. 33
. 85

Hemicardium,
Hemifusus,
Hipponyx,
Hippopus,
Huxleya, .
Hyalocylix,

•

Hydatina,

.

F

I

Fasciolaria, . ;

27, 166

Felania, .

. 133

lacra,

Fenella, .

. 68

lanthina, .

.

Fissuridea,

. 109

Infundibulum

Fossarina,

. 62

Inioteuthis,

.

Fossarus, .

. 64

lolsea,

Fusus,

26, 166

lopas,

t

Iravadia, .

,

Isapis,

Ischnochiton,

Ischnoradsia,

t

Galeomma,

. 131

Ismenia, .

.

Ganesella,

157, 161

Isocardia,

.

Gastrana, .

. 124

Gastrochsena, .

. 117

Gen a,

. 105

Genotia, .
Gemma, .

. 16
. 130

Jouannetia,

.

Gibbula, .

. 95

Glaucomya,

. 125

K

Glomus, .

. 150

i>

Glycimeris,

. 117

Kellia,

Glyphis=Fi ss urid ea
Glyph ostoma, .

. 20

Kleinella,

•

Gomphina,

. 130

Gonatus, .

4

Gotoina, .

. 65

Gouldia, .

! . 128

Lachesis, .

,

Guildfordia, .

. 89

Lacuna, .

.

Gyrineum,

. 47

Lagena, .

105, 180

10, 185

24, 166

112, 180

. 158

155, 161

. 182

27, 168

70, 176

130, 182

. 150

5

10, 161

. 123

74, 176

92, 179

1

. 76

45, 169

. 68

. 64

. 114

. 114

. 153

130

117

131

87

. 19
62, 63
27, 168

190

INDEX.

Lamellaria,

. 186

Margarita,

. 98

Lamprostoma, .

. 92, 179

Marginella, .

. 24

Laqueus, .

. 153

Marmorostoma,

. 89, 179

Lasea,

. 132

Martesia, .

117

Latirus, .

-. 27, 168

Megateuthis, .

4

Led a,

f . 151

Megasella,

. 153

Leiostraca,

. 77

Melampus,

. 158, 161

Lepeta, .

. Ill

Mel an i a, .

. 158

Lepidopleurus,

. 113

Meleagrina,

. 147, 184

Leptoconchus, .

. 46

Menestho,

. ' . 87

Lepton, .

. 132

Meretrix, .

. 126

Leptomya,

. 123

Merope, .

. 120

Leptopoma,

. 175

Minolia, .

. 97

Leptothyra,

. 89

Miralda, .

. 86

Leucotina,

7

Mitra,

25, 166, 186

Lima,

. 142, 184

Modelia, .

. 89

Limacina,

4

Modiola, .

. 139, 184

Limnaea, .

. 158, 161

Modiolaria,

. 140

150

IVTonilpfl

Qfi Q7

Lingula, .

. 154

Monodonta,

* * ' . t7 f

7 . 93

Lioconcha,

. 127

Montacuta,

. 132

Liolophura,

. 115

Mopalia, .

. 115

Liothyrina,

. 152

Mormula,

. 83

Liotia,

. 92

Mucronalia,

. 79

Lippistes,

. 104

Mumiola,

. 84

Lischkeia,

. 99

Murex,

. 41, 169

Lithophaera.

. 140

Mya,

. 118

•
Littorma,

. 61, 175

Myodora,

. 138

Loligo, .

3

Myonera,

. 136

Loligopsis,

4

Myrtaea, .

. 134

Lori pes, .

. 133

. 133

T ."

Lucma,

. 133, 182

Mytilus, .

. 139, 184

Lucinopsis,
Lutraria, .

. 126
. 120

Lyonsia, .

. 137

N

Lyria,

. 24

A 1

Nassa,

34, 168

M

Nassaria, .

. 34

ATA

Natica,

. 71, 176

Macoma, .

124

Nautilus, .

4

Macrodon,

. 151

Nerita, .

. 87, 177

Macroschisma, .

. 106

Neritina, .

. 88, 178

Mactra, .

. 118, 180

Niphonia,

. 104

Malletia, .

. 151

Niso,

. 79

Malleus, .

. 147, 184

Nucula, .

. --.. 151

Malvufundus, .

. 147

Nuculina, '.

. 150

Mangilia,

. . 19

Nuttallina,

. . 114

INDEX.

191

o

Pleurotoma,

. 14

w

Pleurotomaria, .

. 106

Ocinebra . . •

42

Plicatula,

. 143

Octopus, ....
Odontostomia, . . '•'. "

1

84

Polinices,
Potamides,

72, 176
57, 175

Oligotoma,
Oliva, . . . 22,

19
166

Priene,
Promachoteuthis,

47
2

Olivella
Ommastrephes,
Oniscia, . . 49, 171,
Onoba ....

23
4

186
66

Psammobia,
Pteria,
Pterocera,
Puncturella,

122, 181
146, 184
55, 174
. 109

Oriua, ....

82

Pupinella,

. 158

Orthomesus,
Oscilla, ....

91

82

Purpura, .
Putilla, .

44, 169
. 68

Ostrsea, . . . 145,

184

Pyramidella, .

79, 177

Ovula, . . .52,

173

Pyramidula,

. 155

Pyrgulina,

. 85

Pyrula, .

. 49

!';;g P '

Pythia, .

. 161

Pachypoma, */ . . ;...

89

R

Pandora, . . . ' .i ;

138

l\

Papbia, ....
Parapholas,
Parmophorus — Scutus.
Parthenia,
Patella, ....

118
117

85
112

Raeta,
Ranella, = Gyrineum,
Rapa = Bulb us,
Rapana, .

. 119
. 170
. 46
43, 169

Pecten, ....
Pectunculus, .
Peristernia,
Perna, . . . 147,
Petaloconcbus, .
Petricola,.
Petropoma,
Phasianella,
Phenacolepas, .
Pbiline, ....
Pholas, ....

~i~n

143
150
27
185
175
125
90
90
110
9
116

O A

Retusa, .
Rhinomya,
Rhynchonella,
Ricinula, .
Ringicula,
Rimula, .
Rissoa,
Rissoella, .
Rissoina, .
Rossiteria,
Rostellaria,
Roxania, .

. 136
. 153
45, 169
. 10
. 109
. 66
. 65
. 67
. 97
. 55
9

rhos, . . . .

34

Phyllaplysia, .

11

Pinna, . . . 147,

185

Pisania, ....

33

,

Placenta, ....

142

Sarepta, .

151

Placiphorella, .

115

Saxicava,

. 117

Placunanomia, .

142

Saxidomus,

. 130

Planaxis,

58

Scala,

74

Planorbis, . ,

158

Scaliola, .

. 69

Plectotropis, . .157,

163

Scaphander,

8

iy^ INDEX.

Schismope,

. 106

Syrnola, . ^.

. 80

Scintilla, .

. 131

Scissurella,

.106

Scutellina,

. 110

Tapes,

129, 181

Scutus,

. . 110

Taranis, . .

. 21

Seila

57

Tectus, . . f

99

Selma,

. 79

Teinostoina,

• t7*j

. 102

Semele, .

. .123

Tellina, .

123, 181

Senectus, .

. 88, 178

Terebellum = Seraphs.

Separatista,

. 59

Terebra, .

11, 164

Sepia,

2

Terebratella, .

. 152

Sepiella, .

3

Terebratula, .

. 152

Sepioteuthi?, .

3

Terebratulina, .

. 152

Septifer, .

. 141

Teredo, .

. 116

Seraphs, .

. 55, 174

Thalotia, .

. 95

Setia,

. 66

Thatcheria,

. 28

Sigaretus,

. 72, 176

Thecodonta,

. 132

Siliqua, .

. 121

Theora, .

. 123

Siliquaria,

. 60

Thracia, .

. 138

Siphonalia,

. 28, 168

Thylncodes,

59, 175

Siphonaria,

5, 161

Tivela, .

. 127

Siphonium,

. 175

Todarodes,

4

Sistrum, .

. 45, 170

Tonicella,

. 113

Skenea, .

. 69

Torinia, .

. 65

Smaragdinella,

8

Tornatina,

7

Solandema = Rossiteria.

Trachyderraon,

. 114

Solarium,

. 65, 175

Trapezium,

. 135

Solecurtus,

. 121

Tresus, .

120, 180

Solemya, .

. 152

Trichotropis, .

. 59

Solen,

. 120

Tridacna,

130, 181

Soletellina,

. 122

Triforis, .

. 58

Solidula, .

6, 160

Trivia,

.- 52

Sphserium,

. 159

Triton, .

46, 170

Spiroglyphus, .
Spisula, .

. 60
. 119

Tritonidea,
Tritonium,

32, 168
. 46

Spondylus,

. 143, 184

Trochomorpha,

. 161

Stenotis, .

. 64

Trochus, .

92, 179

Stomatella,

. 104

Trophon, .

. 40

Stomatia, .

. 104, If80

Truncatella,

. 176

Strombus,

. 173, 53

Tugalia, .

. 110

Styliferina,

. 79

Turbinella,

. 168

Styliola, .

5

Turbo,

88, 178

Stylopsis, .

. 86

Turbonilla,

. 87

Styloptygma, .

. 83

Ttircica, .

. 98

Subemarginula,

. 110

Turritella,

. 61

Succinea,

; .' 158

Typhis, . . .

. 41

Surcula, . ;

•; " . 19

Typhlomangilia,

. 19

INDEX.

193

u

Umbonella,

Unibonium,

Umbrella,

Unio,

Urosalpinx,

Vanikoro,

Velutina, .

Venerupis,

Venus,

Vermetus,

Verticordia,

Vivipara,

Vola,

Voluta, .

Volutharpa,
Volutomitra
. 100 Volva, .
. 100, 180 Volvula, .
11 Vulsella, .
.' 159, 186
. 43, 42

V

70

Xenophora,

Yoldia,

X
Y

Z

. 32

. 25

53, 186

8

140

70

151

127, 181
. 61
. 136

. 158 Zafra, .... 21
. 145 Zeidora, . . . .109
. 24 Zirphsea, . . . .116

13

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

[The figures of Eulota Blakeana Newc. were drawn from speci-
mens belonging to the museum of Cornell University ; those of
Chlorostomaumbilicatum and Bathybembyx Crumpii from specimens
in the collection of Mr. Shelly G. Crump; and the figure of Tere-
bratulina caput-serpentis represents a specimen in coll. U. S. Nat.
Mus. All other figures are from specimens collected by Mr.
Stearns].

PLATE 1.

FIGURE. PAGE.

1, 2. Sepia Hercules n. sp 2

3, 7, 8, 8. Eulota (Euhadra) Blakeana Newc. . . .156

4. Ganesella Stearnsii n. sp. ...... 157

5, 5. Vanikoro japonica n. sp. ...... 70

6. Columbella (?) pleurotomoides n. sp. .... 39
9. Vermetus tokyoensis n. sp 61

10. Vermetus tokyoensis, section of an early whorl . . .61

11. Vermetus tokyoensis (large specimen from Pinna valve in

coll. A.N.S.) . 61

12. Clausilia Stearnsii n. sp. . 16&

PLATE 2.

1, 2. Siphonalia Stearnsii n. sp 29

3. Oniscia Macandrewi Sowb. 49

4. Clathurella (?) Gainesii n. sp 20

5. Drillia tokyoensis n. sp 18

6. Siphonalia hyperodon n. sp 30

7. 8. Siphonalia cassidariiformis var. funerea n. v. . . .29
9, 10. Drillia principalis n. sp. . . . . .17

11. Olivella fortuneiv. japonica n. v .23

12. Coralliophila Stearnsii n. sp 45-

13. 14. Nassa hypolia n. sp. . * . . . . .37

(194)

REFERENCE TO PLATES. 195

FIGURE. PAGE.

15,16. Pleurotoma kamakurana n. sp. ..... 16

17. Cassis achatina var. inornata n. v. . . . , . 49

PLATE 3.

1. Aspergillum giganteum Sowb 136

2, 3. Anatina kamakurana n. sp 138

4,5. Raeta yokohamensis n. sp 119

6, 7. Diplodonta japonica n. sp 132

8, 9, 10. Area Stearnsii n. sp 148

11, 12. Entodesma truncatissima n. sp. . . . . . 137

13, 14. Loripes bialata n. sp 133

15, 16, 17. Sphserium heterodon n. sp 159

18,19. Kellia japonica n. sp. ....... 132

PLATE 4.
1, 2. Thylacodes Medusae Pilsbry, 59

PLATE 5.
1. Thylacodes Medusae Pilsbry, 59

PLATE 6.

1,2,3,4,5. Macroschisma Lischkei n. sp 108

6, 7, 8. Macroschisma sinensis A. Adams, . . . .107
9, 10. Chlorostoma turbinatum A. Adams (rugatum Gld). . 94

11,12. Chlorostoma umbilicatum Lischke, . . . .93
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Acmsea Heroldi Dkr. varieties, . . Ill

19, 20, 21, 22. Siphonaria acmseoides n. sp 6

23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. Siphonaria sirius n. sp 5

29, 30. Phasianella (Orthomesus) modesta Gld. . . .91

31. Phasianella modesta var. Gouldii n. v 91

32. Nerita helicinoides var. laevilabris n. v. . . . .177

PLATE 7.

1,2. Helcioniscus nigrisquamatus Rve. (young) . . .112

3. Helcioniscus nigrisquamatus v. boninensis Pils. . . 112

4, 5, 6. Helcioniscus Stearnsii Pilsbry, 112

7, 8, 9, 10. Helcioniscus eucosmius Pilsbry, , . . .112

196 REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLATE 8.

FIGURE. PAGE.

1. Lacuna oxytropis n. sp 63

2. Lacuna Smithii n. sp 63

3. Lacuna stenotomorpha n. sp. . . . . . 64

4. Gibbula eucosmia n. sp. , f . f . . .96

5. 6. Cyrena fissidens Pilsbry, , .* . . . .183

7. Cyrena yaeyamensis Pilsbry, , . , . . . .184

8. Phasianella (Tricolia) oligomphala n.sp. . . . .91

9. Phasianella (Tricolia) megastoma n. sp 90

PLATE 9.

1, 2, 3. Eulota (Euhadra) yaeyamensis Pilsbry, . . . 161
4,5. Cyrena luchuana Pilsbry . r • . 183

6. Cyrena yaeyamensis Pilsbry, . 184

7,8,9. Eulota (Aegista) vermis Ads. & Rve . . .163

PLATE 10.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Eulota (Euhadra) mercatoria Gray, . . 162

7. 8. Eulota (Acusta) despecta Gray, 163

9,10,11. Trochomorpha Fritzei Boettger, .... 161

12, 13, 14. Ganesella Largillierti Phil., varieties, . . .161

PLATE 11.
1-3. Terebratula Stearnsii Dall & Pilsbry, . . . .152

4. Bathybembyx Crumpii Pilsbry, . . ... .97

5, 6. Terebratulina caput-serpentis Linn, (unguicula Cpr.). . 152
7, 8. Terebratella Gouldii Dall, . . . . . . 153

9, 10. Terebratuliua kiieusis Dall & Pilsbry, ... . 152

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS

PLATE I.

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PLATE III.

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PLATE VI.

JAPANESE MOLLUSKS

PLATE VI

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JAPANESE MOLLUSKS

PLATE VIII.

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JAPANESE MOLLUSKS

PLATE IX.

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PLATE X.

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JAPANESE MOLLUSKS

PLATE XI,

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