PRESENTED
RY The Wrustees oO
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THE BRITISH MUSEUM.
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Be Brihsh Posewm (Nat ict), Dept of Zocles y
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vt
fi CATALOGUE
OF THE
SNAKES
IN THE
ly |
BRITISH MUSEUM
(NATURAL HISTORY).
VOLUME l.,, CONTAINING THE FAMILIES
TYPHLOPIDA, GLAUCONIID®, BOIDA, ILYSIIDM, UROPELTIDZ, XENOPELTIDZ, anv COLUBRID AGLYPH4, parr.
BY
GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER.
=i LONDON: | PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
S0LD BY LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW; B. QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE; KEGAN PAUL & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD; AND AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, 8.W.
1893.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET,
ag ‘
PREFACE,
Tue Collection of Snakes in the British Museum was catalogued partly in the year 1849, partly in 1858, in two 12mo volumes of respectively 125 and 281 pages. It contained at that time about 500 species represented by 3500 specimens, and ranked as one of the two richest collections of Ophidians. However, the appearance of those two little Catalogues led to the very fertile cooperation of many Naturalists and Collectors in the Tropics; and the influx of additional species was so continuous as to necessitate the issue of supplementary reports, which were published in the ‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ and in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ and continued with tolerable regularity to the year 1872. By that time the total number of species in the Museum amounted to 920, and that of the typical specimens to 360. Although no opportunity of adding to the Collection has been lost since that year, the high percentage of the new species acquired in former years could no longer be maintained,
Until the completion of the work, which will consist of three volumes, it is not possible to give more than an approximate estimate of the extent of the Collection at the present date. To judge from this first volume, the entire Collection will probably be found to contain not less than 1200 species represented by about 10,000 specimens.
The present edition of the Catalogue has much stronger claims to being regarded as a Monograph of the suborder Ophidia than its predecessor, in which little or no reference was made to species not represented in the Museum, The principles on which
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and the taxonomic value of the dental is made that of osteological characters. nh ee ee references to the literature are given much more fully; and examination of the specimens has led to numerous Shanes in nomenclature and the limitation of species and
in this respect, it, is not to be expected that the views of differe
authors will ever completely agree. ALBERT oUNTHER, | _ Keeper of the ai, of Zo British Museum (N. H.), ~ March 4th, 1893. 4 ; aia io iy
INTRODUCTION.
Tuts volume contains descriptions of 523 species of Snakes, 414 of which are represented in the National Collection by 3324 specimens.
The general classification is the same as that followed in 1890, when dealing with the herpetological fauna of India * ; but I have been able to introduce some improvements in the arrangement of the genera.
In order to render this Catalogue more useful to workers who have not access to the Collection, the lists of specimens have fre- quently been made to a certain extent descriptive of individual variations of scaling or coloration. For every specimen the numbers of ventral (V.) and caudal shields (C.) are given, and when necessary also the number of longitudinal rows of scales (Sc.). This will enable those who differ from the author in their estimation of specific characters to form a more correct idea of the material on which his views are based, and thus to judge better of the correctness or fallacy of his conclusions.
For Snakes with paired subcaudals it is to be understood that the figures given refer to the number of pairs, not to the total number of shields. In describing the temporal scutellation I have, unless the contrary be stated, only given the numbers in the first two rows; for instance, temporals 1+-2 signifies that there is a single temporal in front, immediately followed by a pair of superposed shields, 24+3 meaning two superposed shields followed by three disposed in the same manner. In counting the number of longi- tudinal series of scales I have not, unless specially stated, chosen
* ‘The Fauna of British India, Reptilia and Batrachia,’ Lond., 1890. 8vo,
vi INTRODUCTION,
any particular region, but give the highest number to be found at any point between the anterior and the posterior fourth of the body. The indication of the number of teeth refers to the full set in each maxillary ; few specimens show the complete dentition, gaps oc- curring here and there, but shallow sockets in the bone indicate the bases of the missing teeth. The figures intercalated in the text will help to make clear the dental characters employed in diagnosing the genera. A figure of the skull, with all the bones lettered, accompanies the definition of every family.
The dimensions are taken from the largest specimens in the Collection.
As in the preceding Catalogues of Reptiles and Batrachians, the letters in square brackets in the third column of the list of specimens signify :—‘*[P.]” = “ Presented by”; “ [C.]” = “Collected by ”; “E.]” =“ Obtained by exchange.”
G. A. BOULENGER. Zoological Department,
January 23rd, 1893,
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
OPHIDIA.
Fam. 1. TYPHLOPID2.
1, Helminthophis, Pérs..
1. flavoterminatus, Ptrs. 2. frontalis, Pérs. ...... 3. petersii, Bigr. 4. guentheri, Bigr....... 5. albirostris, Ptrs.
2. Typhlops, Schn. ....... :
1. lineatus, Bote ...... 2. unilineatus, D. §& B. .. 8. melanocephalus, D.¢B. x 4, braminus, Daud. 5. accedens, Jan........ : beddomil, Biyr....... agori, Ptrs. 8. AS aca Bigr. .... 9. jerdoni, Blgr......... 10. porrectus, ae 11. guentheri, Pérs....... 12. leucoproctus, Bigr. 13. comorensis, Blgr. .... 14, socotranus, Bigr. x 15. vermicularis, Merr. ., 16. diardi, Schleg......... 17. bothriorhynchus, Gthr. 18. oatesii, Bigr. ........ 19. siamensis, Grhr....... 20. nigroalbus, D. § B. 21. muelleri, Schleg. .... 22. madagascariensis, Bttgr. 23. flaviventer, Pirs. .... 24. theobaldianus, Stol. .. 25. thurstonii, Bttgr. .... 26. acuticauda, Ptrs. 27. aluensis, Blgr. ...... 28. schneideri, Jan ...... 29. reticulatus, Z. ...... 30. tenuis, Salvin ......
31. filiformis, D. § B. 82. temminckii, Jan F . Hees a Bette ery:
umbricalis, Z. ...... . exiguus, Jan .....60 cecatus, Jan .....+.. . cuneirostris, Ptrs..... verticalis, Smith depressus, Ptr. Frage . longissimus, D. § B.. conradi, Pirs. ...... ligatus, Pérs. ........ torresianus, Bigr. ....
regine, Blgr......... australis, Gray ...... wiedii, Pirs, .....0.. exoceti, Blor ehaues . bipartitus, pe etee . tenuicollis, Ptra. .... . mucronatus, Bttgr. .. . elegans, Péra......... . decorosus, Buchh. § EMM aie sania cia'sadip obtusus, Pérs........ ‘ . fornasinii, Biane. .... . blanfordii, Blgr....... ) conte tee ee cus, Btt weds owellii, se rer cy Bocage ... mossambicus, Pirs. .. tettensis, Ptrs.
salle ateie aa LETTE
“ee eee
pe
buchholzi, Pirs. .... unctatus, Leach .... ibronii, Smith ..... “
. schlegelii, Biane. ....
69. delalandii, Schleg. ....
: rian D. §& B.
polygrammicus, Sehileg.
Fam, 2. GLAUCONIIDS,
1. Anomalepis, Jan ......
1. mexicana, Jan 2. Glauconia, Gray
1. macrorhynchus, Jan ., 2. distanti, Blgr......... 3. rostrata, Bocage...... 4. aflinis, Blyr. ........ 5. albifrons, Wagl....... 6. goudotii, D. § B..... 7 8 9
. emini, Bigr.
. Signata, Jan
. dimidiata, Jan 10. dulcis, B.§ G. ...... 11. narirostris, Pts. 12. cairi, D. § B. 15. fitzingeri, Jan 14. blanfordii, Blgr. . 15. longicauda, Ptrs. .... 16. brevicauda, Bocage .. 17. nigricans, Schleg. .... 18. conjuncta, Jan 19, seutifrons, Pts.
ee eeee
Page
70. dinga, Pirs. .......+. 45 71. humbo, Bocage ...... 46 72. mucruso, Ptrs. ...... 46 73. anomalus, Bocage .... 47 74. schinzi, Bltgr. ...... 47 75. curvirostris, Pérs. .... 48 76. bicolor, Pérs. ........ 48 77. bituberculatus, Pérs... 48 78. unguirostris, Pérs..... 49 79. affinis, Blgr. ........ 4) 80. arenarius, Grand. .... 49 81. multilineatus, Schleg... 50 82. olivaceus, Gray ...... 50 83. cumingil, Gray ...... 51 84. simoni, Btigr......... 51 85. crossii, Blgr. ........ 52 86. mirus, Jan ..... las 52 87. andamanensis, Stol. .. 52 88. ater, Schleg. ........ 53 89. disparilis, Jan ...... 53 90. microstomus, Cope.... 53 91. inornatus, Blgr....... 54 92. pallidus, Cope........ 54 93. lumbriciformis, Ptrs... 54 94. cecus, 4. Dum....... 55 95. newtonii, Bocage .... 55 96. uniteeniatus, Ptrs..... 55 97. acutus, D. § B....... 56 wilderi, Garm. ...... 7
3. Typhlophis, Pérs. ...... 57 1. squamosus, Schleg. 57
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
20. sundevallii, Jan...... "& 21. bicolor, Jan 22. macrolepis, Pirs. .... 69 23. myopica, Garm. .... 69 24, dissimilis, Bucage .... 70 25. bilineata, Schleg. .... 70 26. humilis, B.§ G. .... 70 27. septemstriata, Schn... 71
« Fam. 3. Borp 2”. Subfam. 1. Pyrnonrv2.
1. Loxocemus, Cope ..... . 1. bicolor, Cope ........ 74
2. Nardoa, Gray ........ os ee 1. boa, Schleg. ....... : a.
3. Liasis, Gray ........- . 76 x1. childreni, Gray ...... 77 2. fuacus, Pires. 6 cies ve 78
3. olivaceus, Gray ..... «We
4. mackloti, D.§ B..... 79
5. albertisii, Ptrs. § Doria 80
6, papuanus, Pérs. § Doria 80
4, Python, Daud. ........ x]. spilotes,(Zacép.)...... 82 2. amethystinus, Schn... 83 3. timorensis, Ptrs. ..., 85 ¥ 4, reticulatus, Schn. .... 85 x 5. seb, Gm. .....0005 . 86 * 6. molurus, Z. ....... ~ OF 7. anchietswe, Bocage .... 88
8, regius, Shaw ....... ‘ 9. curtus, Schleg. ....., 89
5. Chondropython, 4. B,
Meyer ii v.05 ee cae 90 1. viridis, Sehleg. ..... . 90 6. Aspidites, Ptrs, ........ 91
1. melanocephalus, Kreft 91 2. ramsayi, Macleay .... 92
. 7, Calabaria, Gray ........ 92
1. reinhardti, Schleg..... 92 Subfam. 2. Boryz.
8, Epicrates, Wagl. ..... . 98
TN L., \-0:atin' ey wn
2. angulifer, Bibr. ...... 96
3. striatus, Fisch. ..... oo
4. inornatus, Reinh. .... 97
5. fordii, Gthr. ........ 98
6. gracilis, Fisch, ...... 98
9. Corallus, Daud. ........ 99
x 1. cookii, Gray ...... -» 99
2. hortulanus, Z. ...... 101
3. annulatus, Cope...... 102
4. caninus, L......,..., 108
.
SYSTEMATIC INDBX. ix
See 0. S Be 10. A a 104
x 1. australis, Mfontrouz. .. 105 x 2. bibronii, Hombr. § Jacq. pe
3. carinatus, ina 4 4. asper, @thr. ........ 109 11. Trachyboa, Ptrs......... 109 > palasia, MPCL nici vi0'6-6:0 109 12. Ungalia, Gray.......... 110 1. taczanowskyi, Stdr. .. 111 2. moreletii, Bocourt.... 111 8. melanura, Scileg. .... 111 4. maculata, Bibr....... 112 5. pardalis, Gundl....... 118 6. semicincta, Gundl. § RIS acces dvitw-h.e a's 113 7. conjuncta, Fisch, .... 113 8. cana, pera Ly 13. Un is, F. Mill. . 1. galigphis, F. F. Miill. 114 14. Eunectes, Wagl......... 115 NS ae 115 8 116 1. constrictor, JZ. ...... 117 2. occidentalis, Philippi.. 118 8. diviniloqua, Laur... .. 118 x4. imperator, Daud. .... 119 5. mexicana, Jan ...... 119 6. dumerilii, Jan ..... j 120 7. madagascariensis, D Mh aa cand isp ae 120 16. Casarea, Gray.......... 121 1. dussumieri, Schleg. .. 121 17. Bolieria, Gray.......... 121 + Wig F penicernete, Bote .. ia 18, Eryx, Daud. .......... 1. conicus, Schn. ...... 124 2. thebaicus, Reuss .... 125 a3, jaculus,(Z).......... 125 %4, johnii,(uss) ........ 127 5. elegans, Gray ...... 128 6. eat, bie aaa ad 128 ayakari, Re 19. Tichanur as otek tra ; = Gelvineets, ONE. ov00is 2 20. Charina, Gray.......... 180 1. botte,(Blainv.) ...... 130 2. brachyops, Cope...... 181 x Fam. 4. Inysrip&. 1. Ilysia, Hempr. ........ 133 Li poytale, ZL. .... cee 133 2. Anomalochilus, Jeude .. 134 1. weberi, Jeude........ 134
VOL. I.
P. 38. ae i 14 1. rufus, Zawr. ........ 135 x nf maculatus, Z......... 136 3. lineatus, Blanf....... 137
Fam. 5. UROPELTIDS.
1. Uropeltis, Cuv. ........ 139 1. grandis, Kel eeeteced 180 2. Rhinophis, Hempr. .... 140 1, oxyrhynchus, Schn. .. 141 2, punctatus, Mill, .,.. 141
3. planiceps, Ptrs....... 141 4. trevelyanus, Kel. ..., 142 5, sanguineus, Bedd..... 148 6. travancoricus, Bigr. .. 143 7. blythii, Kel. ....,.., 144 8. Silybura, Gray ........ 144 1. melanogaster. a a . 146 2. pulneyensis, Bedd. Bedd..... 147 8. grandis, Bedd. ...... 148 4, petersii, Bedd. ...... 148 5. maculata, Bedd....... 149 6. liura, Gtr. ........ 149 Z imag Beda. eee nigra, Bedd. ........ 15
9. nitida, Bedd, ........ 151 10. dindi alensis, Bedd, . . 152 11. broughami, Bedd..... 152 12. macrorhynchus, Bedd, 15 13. beddomil, Gthr....... 153 14. ellioti, Gray ........ 154
15. phipsonii, Mason ..., 155 16. rubrolineata, Gthr. .. 165
17. myhendre, Bedd. .... 156 18. madurensis, Bedd..... 156 19. rubromaculata, Bedd.. 157 20. arcticeps, Gthr....... 157 21. brevis, Gthr......... 158 22. macrolepis, Pirs. .... 159 4. Pseudoplectrurus, Bigr... 160 1. canaricus, Bedd....... 160 5. Plectrurus, D. § B. . 160 1, perroteti, D. & B..... 161 2. davisonii, Bedd....... 162 3. guentheri, Bedd. ..,. 162 4. aureus, Bedd,...... ee 162 6. Melanophidium, Gthr. .. 163 - wynadense, Bedd. .... 168 a mei ony, Bedd..... 164 8. bilineatum, Bedd. .... 164 7. _ “rear bedgy Gtler. . 165 trilineatus, 2. eee cae 2 madurensis, Beda bin abil 166 3. sanguineus, Bedd, ..., 166
b
x SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
X Fam. 6. XENOPELTIDS.
1. Xenopeltis, Reinw.......
x 1. unicolor, Reinw. ....
x Fam. 7. COLUBRID, Series A. Aglypha.
Subfam. 1. AcRocHORDINz.
1, Acrochordus, Hornst...., 173 1. javanicus, Hornst..... 178
2. Chersydrus, Cuv. ...... 178 x 1. granulatus, Schn. .... 174 8, Xenodermus, Reinh. .... 175 1, javanicus, Reinh, .... 175
4, Stoliczkaia, Jerd. ...... 175 1, khasiensis, Jerd....... 176
5. Nothopsis, Cope ........ 176 1, rugosus, Cope........ 176
Subfam. 2. CoLtuprin2=.
6. Polyodontophis, Blgr. .. 1. rhodogaster, Schleg. .. 182
. torquatus, Bligr....... - mayottensis, Pts. .... 4, sumichrasti, Bocourt.. 5. collaris, Gray........ 6. geminatus, Boie...... x 7. subpunctatus, D. § B.
cob
8. sagittarius, Cant. .... 187 9. bistrigatus, Gtkr. .... 188 10. annulatus, D. § B. .. 189
7. Dromicodryas, Blgr. .... 189 1. bernieri, D. § B. .... 189 2. quadrilineatus, D. § B. 190
8. Xenochrophis, Gihr. .... 191 1. cerasogaster, Cant. .. 191 9. Prymnomiodon, Cope.... 192 1. chalceus, Cope ...... 192
Tropidonotus nicobarien- sis, W. Sclater .... 192 10. Tropidonotus, Kuhl .... 192 »1. leptocephalus,(B. §& G) 201 2. vagrans, B.§ G. .... 202 3. chrysocephalus, Cope. 203
4, scaliger, Jan ........ 203 5. scalaris, Cope........ 204 A6. ordinatus, LZ. ......., 205 x7. saurita,/L).......... 212
7 a. preocularis, Bocourt, 418 8. multimaculatus, Cope . 214 9. rufopunctatus, Cope ., 214 10. peahli, W. Sclater .... 214
Page X11. picturatus, Schleg..... 215 12. truncatus, Prs,..... . 216 13. celebicus, Ptrs. § Doria 216 14, fuliginoides, Gthr...., 217 15. variegatus, Ptrs. ..., 217 16. swinhonis, Gthr. ..., 218 17. nuchalis, Blgr. ....., 218 418. natrix, Dew sce 219 19, vibakari, Bote....... . 221 20. conspicillatus, Gthr. .. 222 x21. parallelus, Blgr. . 223 22. Cheslonsts Blgr. .... 228 23. trianguligerus, Bote .. 224 24, petersii, Blgr......... 226 x 25. melanogaster, Pts. .. 225 26. levissimus, Gthr. .... 226 27. olivaceus, Ptrs. ..... o Sar 28. pygeeus, Cope........ 228 29. punctulatus, Gthr..... 228 x 30. modestus, Gthr....... 229 31. sancti-johannis, Blgr... 230 x 82. piscator,(SchnJ........ 230 33. asperrimus, Blgr. .... 282 34, annularis, Gth7....... 233 x 35. tessellatus, Zaur. .... 235 x36. viperinus, Latr....... 235 37. validus, Kenn. ...... 237 38. clarkii, B. § G....... 238 39. compressicauda, Kenn.. 238 440, septemvittatus(Say).. 239 41. rigidus, Say ........ 240 42. grahami, B. § G. . 240 43. ferox, Gthr. ........ 241 44, anoscopus, Cope...... 242 x45. fasciatus, (Z.) ........ 242 46. cyclopium, D.§& B. ., 244 47. taxispilotus, Holbr. ., 245 48, sexlineatus, Gthr. .... 246 49. dolichocercus, Peracca. 246 50. stumpffii, Bttgr....... 247 51. lateralis, D.§ B. .... 248 52, platyceps, Blyth...... 248 53. tigrinus, Bote........ 249 54, pryeri, Blgr. ........ 250 55. oar Gthr. ., 261 56. ceylonensis, Gthr. .... 262 57. beddomii, Gthr....... 252 4 58, stolatus, Z..... ane 59. vittatus, D. s......0 255 60. nigrocinctus, Blyth .. 255 x61, subminiatus, Schleg. .. 256 62. spilogaster, Sohlep sees = x 63. chrysargus, fe!iase 3 64, ie. 9 Jerd.~ .... 259
. maculatus, Ldel,. . tees 260
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. xi
Page . Page
66. chrysargoides, Gthr.~.. 260 2, labiosus, Bocourt .... 293 67. saravacensis, Gthr..... 261 x 3. atratus, Hallow. ...... 293 68. auriculatus, Gthr. .... 261 | 22. Chersodromus, Feink..... 295 69. crebripunctaws, Wym. 262 1. liebmanni, Reinh, .... 295 70, lineatus, Ptrs......... 262 | 23. Hydrablabes, Blgr....... 296 71. flavifrons, Bigr....... 263 1. periops, Gthr......... 296 72. callistus, Gthr. ...... 263 2. preefrontalis, Mocg, .. 297 73. hypomelas, Gihr. .... 264 | 24. Trachischium, Gthr. .... 297 74, dendrophiops, Gthr. .. 264 1, fuscum, Blyth ...... 297 11. Masaielathodca, Bigr. .. 265 2. guentheri, Blgr, “6 298 1. flaviceps, D.§ B. .... 266 3. tenuiceps, Blyth ...... 299
2. rhodomelas, Bote .... 266 4. monticola, Cant....... 299
3. plumbicolor, Cant..... 267 5. P rubriventer, Jerd, .. 300
12. Lioheterodon, D.§ B. .. 268 | 25, Rhabdops, Blgr......... 300 » 3 iensis, D.§B, 269 1. olivaceus, Bedd....... 300
2. modestus, Gthr....... 269 2. bicolor, Blyth........ 301
13. Pseudoxenodon, Bigr..... 270 | 25a, Trirhinopholis, Bigr. .. 419 1. macrops, Blyth ...... 270 ]. nuchalis, Blgr. ...... 419
2. dorsalis, Gthr. ...... 271 | 26. Plagiopholis, Blgr....... 301
8. inornatus, Bote ...... 272 1. blakewayi, Blyr....... 301
14. Helicops, Wagl. ........ 272 | 27. Oxyrhabdium, Blgr. .... 302 1, schistosus, Daud. .... 274 1, modestum, D.§ B. .. 302
2. bicolor, Gthr......... 274 2. leporinum, Gthr. .... 303
3. septemvittatus, Fisch. . 275 | 28. Xylophis, Bedd. ........ 303
4. allenii, Garm. ........ 275 1, perroteti, D.§ B. .... 304
=: 5. trivittatus, Gray...... 276 2. stenorhynchus, Gthr... 304 6. carinicauda, Wied..... 276 | 29. Brachyorrhus, Boie...... 805
7. modestus, Gthr. ...... 277 1. albasy.0p¥i:c53.259es ee 305
8. leopardinus, Schleg. .. 278 | 30. Reps Bote V6 86 coe 306
= 9. angulatus, J. ........ 278 1, fuscus, Bote ........ 307
. 10. sealaris,Jan.......... 279 | 31. Achalinus, Pérs. ........ 308 11. polylepis, Gthr. ...... 280 1. rufescens, Bigr. ...... 308 15, Hydrethiops, Gthr. ..., 280 2. braconnieri, Sauv. .... 309 1. melanogaster, Gtlr. ., 281 38. spinalis, Pirs......... 309
16. Tretanorhinus, D.§ B. .. 281 | 32, Haplocereus, Gthr. ...... 309 1. variabilis, D. § B. .... 282 1. ceylonensis, Gthr. .... 309
2. nigroluteus, Cope .... 282 | 33. Aspidura, Wagl.. ...... $10
3. mocquardii, Bocourt .. 283 | 1. brachyorrhus, Bote .. 311
17. Opisthotropis, Gir. .... 283 2. copii, Gthr. ...... o. S11 ee 284 3. guentheri, Ferg....... 312
2. andersonii, Blgr. .... 284 4. trachyprocta, Cope .. 313
3. rugosa, Jeude........ 284 | 34. Blythia, Theod. ........ 313
4. typica, Mocg......... 285 1. reticulata, Blyth .... 314
18. Ischnognathus, D. § B... 285 | 35. Pseudoxyrhopus, Gthr. .. 314 1. kirtlandii, Kenn ...... 286 1. microps, Gthr. ...... 315
X2. dekayi,(Holbr.) ...... 286 2. heterurus, Jan ...... 315
x 3. occipitomaculatus(StorerJ287 3. quinquelineatus, Gthr. 315
4. storerioides, Cope .... 288 4. imerine, Grhr. ...... 316
5. copii, Cope ..-+. 1.45. 289 5. punctatus, Ptrs....... 317
. 6. lineatus, Hallow. ..., 289 | 36. Lycognathophis, Blgr. .. 317 19. Amphiardis, ee ans wale 290 1. sechellensis, Schieg. .. 317 1. inornatus, Garm. ...,. 290 | 37. Ablabophis, Bigr. ...... 318
20. Haldea, B.§ G......... 290 1, rufulus, Licht. ...... 818 1, striatula, ZL. ........ 291 | 38. Tetralepis, Bttgr. ...... 319
21. Streptophorus, D.§ B. .. 291 1. fruhstorferi, Bitgr..... 320
1. diadematus, B.§ G. .. 202 | 39, Lamprophis, Fitz. ...... 320
Page
Liaurore, Zo ois eves 321
2. inornatus, D. §& B. .. 321
3. fiskii, Blgr.... 6... 00s 322
4, fuscus, Bigr. ........ 322
40. Gonionotophis, Bigr..... 823 1. brussauxi, Mocg. ..,. 328
2. vossii, Bttgr. .....+.+ 323
8. grantii, Gthr. ........ 824
41. Bothrophthalmus, Pérs. ,. 324 1. lineatus, Pérs....... .. 324
42, Bothrolycus, @thr....... 825 1, ater, Gthre. sec eees . 326
43. Cyclocorus, D. § B. ..,. 326 1. lineatus, Retnh....... 327
44. Boodon, D. & B......... 827 1, lemniscatus, D. § B... 329
2. geometricus, Schley. .. 329
3. infernalis, Gthr....... 330
4. virgatus, Hallow. .... 331
. 5. guttatus, Smith ...... 331
6. lineatus, D. & B. .... 332
7. fuliginosus, Bowe .... 334
8. mentalis, Gthr. ...... 335
9. olivaceus, A. Dum. .. 335
45. Lycophidium, D. § B. .. 336 1. meleagris, Blgr....... 337
2. acutirostre, Gthr. .... 338
3. laterale, Hallow. . 338
4. semiannulis, Ptrs..... 339
5. capense, Smith ...... 339
6. jacksoni, Blgr. ...... 340
7. uroratum, Leach .... 340
8. semicinctum, D. & B.. 341
9. abyssinicum, Bigr.,... 342
10. fasciatum, Gthr....... 342 11. elapoides, Gthr....... 343 46. Hormonotus, Hallow..... 343 1. modestus, D. & B..... 348
47. Simocephalus, Gthr. .... 344 1, capensis, Smith ...... 345
2. guirali, Mocq......... 346
3. poensis, Smith........ 346
A. nyasse, Gthr......... 347
5. stenophthalmus, Mocg. 347
48. Lycodon, Boie.......... 348 1. striatus, Shaw........ 349
2.j MOOLLSSD, sls aie th 350
3. tessellatus, Jan ...... 351
4, anamallensis, Githr. .. 351
x 6. aulicus,(Z.) Da whts Golelad 352 6, lacensis, Gthr. ...... 354
7. travancoricus, Bedd... 355
8. effrenis, Cant......... 356
9. atropurpureus, Cant... 356
10. stormi, Bligr......... 357 11. albofuscus, D. § B. .. 357
SYSTEMATIC INDEX,
fasciatus, And. ...... . gammiei, Blanf....... 14. sbermersegge 8 “Nec 15. subcinctus, Boie...... sanguiventer, Cant. ..
49. Dinodon, D. §& B. ...... * 1, rufozonatus, Cant..... 2. semicarinatus, Cope .. 3. septentrionalis, Gthr.. . 4, japonicus, Gthr....... 5. ? tessellatus, Hallow...
. Stegonotus, D. & B. .... 1. cucullatus, D. & B. .. 2. modestus, Schleg. .... 3. heterurus, Blgr....... 4. muelleri, D. & B. i... 5. batjanensis, Gthr. ..., 6. ? plumbeus, Macleay. . 7. dumerilii, Blgr. ......
51. Dryocalamus, Gthr. .... 1. nympha, Daud. ...... 2. subannulatus, D. & B.
3. gracilis, Gthr......... 4. davisonii, Blanf. : 5. tristrigatus, Gthr, ....
52. Pseudaspis, Cope........
1. cana, L. %. tele eae
538. Zaocys, Cope ...sessees
1. dhumnades, Cant. ....
2. nigromarginatus, Blyth
3. luzonensis, Gthr. ....
4, carinatus, Gthr.......
5. fuscus, Gthr. ........
6. tenasserimensis, W.
Selater’ 53.5. Ais. 54. Zamenis, Wagl. ........ 379 1. dipsas, Schleg......... 383 x 2. korros, Schleg. ...... 884 *3. mucosus(Z.) ........ 385 4, oaxncere, Jan .....45. 386 x 5. constrictor,(J ...... 887 6. lineatus, Bocourt . 388 7. mentovarius, D. §& B... 389 *8. flagelliformis,(Zaur.). . 389 x9. teeniatus,(Hallow).... 390 10. pulcherrimus, Cope .. 892 11. mexicanus, D. & B. .. 392 x12. grahami,(B. & G)..,. 398 13, spinalis, Ptrs......... 894 x 14, cone Laur. .... 395 15. dahlii, Fitz. ....+00+ 397 16, rhodorhachis, Jan .... 398 17. ventrimaculatus, Gray, 399 18. karelinii, Brandt .... 401 19: elegantissimus, Gthr.,.. 402 20. florulentus, Geoffr..... 402
, Le MO eke ces 410 on a (Schleg.) tee 411
wt Tt Pee Py pues 1 re eee S o'*
weee
ae ©
eeeeee
xiii
4 413 414 415 i16 417 417
CATALOGUE
OF
SNAKES.
Order OPHIDIA.*
“Quadrate bone articulated to the skull; brain-capsule entirely osseous ; rami of the mandible united by ligament. Anal cleft trans- verse. ‘Copulatory organs present, paired.” —Giinther, Phil. Trans. elvii. 1867, p. 625.
Synopsis of the Families.
I. No ectopterygoid (transpalatine) ; pterygoid not extending to quadrate or mandible ; nosupratemporal ; prefrontal forming a suture with nasal; coronoid present ; vestiges of pelvis, Maxillary vertical, loosely attached, toothed; mandible edentulous; a single pelvic bone. 1. Typhlopide, Vol. I. p. 3. Maxillary bordering mouth, forming a suture with pre prefrontal, and frontal, toothless; lower jaw toothed; ake and ischium present, latter forming a symphysis. 2. Glaucéniidx, Vol. I. p. 57. Il. Ectopterygoid present ; both jaws toothed. A, Coronoid present ; prefrontal in contact with nasal. 1. Vestiges of hind limbs; supratemporal present. Supratemporal large, ze” quadrate. 3. Boidw, Vol. I. p. 71.
Supratemporal small, intercalated in the cranial wall. . 4, Tlysiida, Vol. I. p. 131.
* The author now regards the Snakes as forming only a Suborder Or rapes of the Order Squamata, Oppel, equivalent to the Suborders Lacert
lossa, which have dealt with in the ‘Catal of Tisseda’ Of Benengee Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 52 (1890), and Proc. 1. Soc, 1891, p. 117. VOL, I. K
2 OPHIDIA.
2, No vestiges of limbs ; supratemporal absent. , 5. Uropeltide, Vol. I. p. 137.
B. Coronoid absent ; supratemporal present.
1. Maxillary horizontal; pterygoid reaching quadrate or mandible.
Prefrontal bone in contact with nasal. 6. Xenopeltids, Vol. I. p. 167.
Prefrontal not in contact with nasal. - 7. Colubridez, Vol. I. p. 169.
2. Maxillary horizontal, converging posteriorly towards palatine; pterygoid not reaching quadrate or mandible. 8. Amblycephalide. 3. Maxillary vertically erectile perpendicularly to ecto- pterygoid; pterygoid reaching quadrate or mandible. 9. Viperide. -
No serial arrangement can convey a correct idea of the affinities of the various groups as conceived by the classificator. A diagram is therefore appended illustrating the author’s views on the classifi- cation of the Ophidia, and, to a certain extent, their phylogeny. Leaving aside the Z'yphlopes and Glauconie, which should be regarded as degraded burrowing types independently derived from some Ophidian form less specialized than any with which we are at present acquainted, the family Boide, and more specially the Pythons, claim the position of ancestral group from which all other Ophidia may have been derived, in the manner illustrated by the diagram. This, if rightly conceived, shows how unnatural a classification into poisonous and harmless Snakes is. The Elapoids, for instance, long regarded as forming the passage from the Colubroids to the Vipers, stand apart, the author considering the Viperine maxillary as derived from the Opisthoglyphous type.
9. Viperide. 7 ; | 8. Amblycephalide.
5. Uropeltide. Ta. 0. Ee gh 7b. C. Proteroglypha. |. 2 >
a
a
4. Ilysiide. 6. Xenopeltide. 7. Colubride (Aglypha).
1. Typhlopide. 3. Boide. 2. Glauconiide.
«
q 2 ‘a 5 .
TYPHLOPID®. 3
The lettering of the bones is the same in all the figures of skulls
in this work, and reads as follows :— an, Angular. pl. Palatine. ar. Articular. pm. Premaxillary. rs Basioccipital. anf Prefrontal. $e, Besisphenoid. pro. Prodtic. cor, Coronoid. pg. Pterygoid. ea, Columella auris. pty. Postfrontal. d. Dentary. q- Quadrate. eo. Exoccipital. so. Supraoccipital. epg. ase sor. Sy nT J. Frontal. sp. 8 m. ; ste. Su a = p. Parietal. v. Vomer.
Fam. 1. TYPHLOPIDZE.
foie es Oppel, Ordn. rag a 49, 1811. part., Boie, Isis, 1827, Angiostomata Typhlopina, J. Mii ° itech F. Physiol. iv. p. 269,
me ge Typhlopiens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi, p. 256,
Typhlopsiae, part., Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 130, 1845, a Epanodontiens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiiic p- 422,
lopide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 9, 1863. sypboide e Proce, Ac. Philad. TSB, 20, 230. Typhlopide, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind el opes, Peters, Sits. Ges. natusf. 1881, pe 68, and Reise n. ossamb, iii. p. 90, 1886. Typhlopide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. . 481, 1886.
Typhlopide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 234, 890.
Cranial bones solidly united; no ectopterygoid; pterygoid not extending to quadrate or mandible; no supratemporal ; prefrontal forming a suture with nasal; maxillary loosely attached, with a few teeth disposed transversely to the axis of the skull; no teeth on palate. Mandible edentulous; coronoid bone present. Vestiges of pelvis, reduced to a single bone on each side. Body covered with uniform cycloid scales; eyes under the shields.
South Europe; South Asia; Africa; Australia; Tropical America.
Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Head with large shields.
A pair of large prefrontals and a frontal; nostril between two SOONGIS, ... «sonidos etipeso's 1. Helminthophis, p. 4.
B2
4 TYPHLOPIDA. . ;
Nasal shield very large, divided or semidivided, extending on each side of the rostral to the upper surface of the head.
2. Typhlops, p. 7. Il. Head covered with small uniform scales,
3. Typhlophis, p. 57.
Skull of Zyphlops lumbricalis.
1. HELMINTHOPHIS.
Rhinotyphlops (non Fitz.), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 40. = Helminthophis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 517, and Sitz. Ges. naturf. Wr 1881, p. 69; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 502 (1882). Idiotyphlops, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1861, p. 6, and Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, i. 1862, p. 186, and Icon, Gén. Ophid. p. 32 (1864). :
Liotyphlops, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 69; Bocourt, op. cit. p. 501.
A pair of large prefrontals and a frontal; nostril between two nasals.
Tropical America.
Synopsis of the Species. I. Preefrontals in contact behind the rostral. Ocular shield in contact with the third
MOR TANS ic sy sok oh ee cont nein aes 1, flavoterminatus, p. 5. Ocular separated from the labials by asub- - ocular
LP ePeabnees pot te: Sree 2, frontalis, p. 5.
1. HELMINTHOPHIS, 5
It. yo gaa separated, the rostral forming a suture with the ntal.
Eye under the ocular, which is separated
from the labials by a subocular; two
superposed preoculars ............ 3. petersii, p. 6. Eye under the ocular, which is in contact
with the third upper labial; a single
MINE, 4 oie ics cess ocels Ha'ihe 4. guentheri, p. 6. Eye under the suture between the pre-
frontal and the ocular, which is sepa-
rated from the labials by a subocular.. 5. albirostris, p. 6.
1, Helminthophis flavoterminatus.
phlops flavoterminatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402, and Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 43; Giinth. Tr. R. Soc. Mauritius, iv. 1870,
pp- 63, 139, Tdio mops flavoterminatus, Jan, Ul. cc. Icon, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. . Helminthophis flavoterminatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881,
P Rostral not half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes, separated from the frontal by the prafrontals, which form a suture with each other; frontal broad ; two superposed pre- oculars and a subocular; eye distinguishable under the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, third in contact with the ocular. Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length; tail as long as broad or a little longer than broad, rounded, 24 scales round the body. Brown, each scale darker in the centre; head and tail
yellow.
Total length 300 millim.
Venezuela. a-c, Ad, & hgr. Venezuela. Dr. Seeman [P.]. d-e. a s+ — Dr. Ernst [P.]. Aghi i Rio Juan. z. Ad. . Mauritius (imported). L. Bouton, Esq. [P.].
2. Helminthophis frontalis. me Seay set frontalis, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1860, 51
aie his rentals, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 502, pl. xxx. bg. 2 (1882).
Rostral not half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes, separated from the frontal by the prefrontals, which form a suture with each other; frontal broad; a single prwocular and two suboculars ; eye distinguishable under the ocular, which is very small; four upper labials, first largest. Diameter of body
6 TYPHLOPIDZE.
58 times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad, rounded. 22 scales round the body. Dark brown; head and anal region whitish.
Total length 158 millim.
Costa Rica.
¥ 3. Helminthophis petersii. (Pare I. fig. 1.)
Sere petersii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
p- .
Rostral half the width of the head, extending to between the eyes, truncate posteriorly, and forming a broad suture with the frontal ; two superposed preeoculars and a subocular; eye distin- guishable under the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, third in contact with the subocular. Diameter of body 55 times in the total length; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Brown, each scale darker in the centre; snout and anal region yellowish.
Total length 110 millim.
Ecuador.
a. Guayaquil. Mr. Fraser [C.]. (Type.)
4, Helminthophis guentheri. (Prarz I. fig. 2.)
Helminthophis guentheri, Bouleng. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p- 361.
Rostral one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes, rounded posteriorly and forming a suture with the frontal, which is very broad; a single preocular; no subocular; eye dis- tinguishable under the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, third in contact with the ocular. Diameter of body 50 times in the total length; tail twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Olive-brown above, head white; yellowish inferiorly, with small scattered olive spots.
Total length 170 millim.
Brazil. | a, Ad, Porto Real, Prov, Rio Janeiro. MM. Hardy du Dréneuf be (‘Type.) b-c, Ad. Porto Real. M. Hardy du Dréneuf [C.].
5. Helminthophis albirostris.
penta eae albirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1857, p. 402.
Liotyphlops albirostris, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. isi, p- 69; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 501, pl. xxx. fig. 1 (1882).
Tae) (Idiotyphlops) emunctus, Garman, N. Am. Rept. i. p. 8
2. TYPHLoPs. 7
—— emunctus, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, P-
Rostral very large, half the width of the head, extending beyond the level of the eyes, in contact with the frontal, which is broad; no preocular; two suboculars; eye distinguishable, under the suture between the prefrontal and the ocular; four upper labials, first largest, second in contact with the prefrontal. 22 scales round the body. Black, each scale with a reddish-brown border ; head whitish.
Total length 158 millim.
Isthmus of Panama.
2. TYPHLOPS *.
pies Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 339 (1801) ; Merr. Tent.
i ary 820); Fitzing. N. Class. Rept p- 25 (1826) ; Wagl. Syst, Clings: p- 195 '(1830).
Typhlops, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vip 279 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 182 (1845) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 7 (1864); Giinth. Rept. Brit. nd. p. 172 (1864) ; Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p. 70; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 499 (1882); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 235 (1890).
Typhlina, Wagl. lc. p. 196 ; Giinth. 1. c. p. 171; Peters, 1. c. p. 70. dion, Dum. § Bibe vi. hae arenes
Ophthalmidion, Dum. § B
Cathetorhinus, Dum. § Bibr. 1. e. ‘oe: Peters, 1. ec. p. 70,
On ee =, * eee § Bibr. l. ce. p. 272; Giinth. le. p. 177;
Onychophis, qe vy be e. p. 182. hlinalis, Gray, /. c. p. 134. Anilios (non Oken), Gray, 1. ¢. p. 135.
Medina, tg ce. p. 136. aoe Gray, l. e. p. 189. t horotyphlops, Jan; Elenco, p. 10 (1868) ; Peters, 1. c. p. 70.
eobia, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. $22; Peters, |. c. p. 70. Geyptctyput Peters, l. c. p. 69. Antone phlops, Peters, 1. e. p. 70. dorhynchus, Peters, /. c. p.70. ae single and small; frontal small; nasal large, single
or divided into two. South Europe ; South Asia ; Africa ; Tropical America ; Australia,
Synopsis of the Species. I. No preocular ; no subocular; ocular in contact with the second and third labials.
Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior; 22 scales MG DOGY ,. vcksktes cesas cee 1. lineatus, p. 15.
* T. wilderi, Garm. Science Observer, iv. 1883, p. 48, from Brazil, is insuffi- ciently characterized.
~
8 TYPHLOPID.
Snout with angular edge ; nostrils inferior ;
26 or 28 scales round the body........ 2. unilineatus, p. 15, Snout with angular edge; nostrils lateral ; [p. 15. 18 scales round the body ............ 3. melanocephalus,
II. A preocular, in contact with the second, third, or second and third labials ; no subocular ; ocular in contact with labials.
A. Snout rounded ; nostrils lateral }. 1. Preocular in contact with the second and third labials,
a. Nasal cleft, or suture dividing the nasal, proceeding from the preocular.
20 scales round the NORE Cosh Cakes 4. braminus, p. 16. 22 scales round the body .............. 5. accedens, p. 17.
b. Nasal cleft proceeding from the second labial. a. Nasals in contact behind the rostral.
18 scales round the body .............. 6. beddomit, p. 18. 28 scales round the body ............+. 7. jagori, p. 18.
B. Nasals separated by the prefrontal.
* Nasal cleft extending to the upper surface of the snout ; 22 scales round the body.
Rostral about one third the width of the
IQUE ou. Vos 5 p's Ween oes 5 ee ek eS 8. leucomelas, p. 18. Rostral hardly one fourth the width of the head 3; shaw ant eros bomslareee ah ee 9. jerdoni, p. 19.
** Nasal cleft not extending to the upper surface of the snout.
+ Nasal not completely divided into two.
~ 18 scales round the body; diameter of body 60 to 90 times in the total length.
Rostral about one third the width of the AS RPI i Shc 10. porrectus, p. 19. Rostral nearly half the width of the head.. 11. guentheri, p. 20.
tt 20 scales round the body; diameter of body 40 to 65 times in the total length.
Rostral one third the width of the head .. 12. leucoproctus, p. 20.
* This arrangement into species with lateral or inferior nostrils is not perfectly satisfactory, and in some doubtful cases it will be necessary to try both divi- sions of this synopsis,
2. TYPHLOPs., : 9
Rostral two fifths the width of the head .. 13. comorensis, p. 21. Rostral more than half the width of the OS - 3 eee 25. thurstonii, p. 26.
ttf 22 or more scales round the body ; diameter of body 29 times or more in the total length.
§ Tail not longer than broad, ending in a
spine.
{| Rostral one third, or hardly one third, but more than one fourth, the width of the head.
24 scales round the body; preocular
broader than the ocular ............ 14. socotranus, p. 21. 22 or 24 scales round the body; rostral
rather more than one third the width of
the head; diameter of body 40 times or
more in the total length ............ 15. vermicularis, p. 21. 24 or 26 scales round the body; diameter
of body not 40 times in the total length.. 16. diardi, p. 22. 24 scales round the body ; three concavities [p. 23.
or pits under the snout .......,...... 17. bothriorhynchus, 22 scales round the body; rostral not
quite one third the width of the head .. 19. siamensis, p, 24. 26 scales round the body ; preocular a little
broader than the ocular.............. 20. nigroalbus, p. 24.
§|4{ Rostral hardly one fourth the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; 24 scales round the body.
18. oatesii, p. 23.
{4 Rostral half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes ; 26 or 28 scales round the body.
21. muelleri, p. 25.
§§ Tail slightly longer than broad, rounded at the end, without spine; 24 scales round
the body........ 22. madagascariensis, [p. 25. §$§ Tail longer than broad, ending in a spine ; 22 scales round the body. Rostral about one third the width of the ee Pe ie 23. flaviventer, p. 25.
Rostral nearly half the width of the head. 24. theobaldianus, [p. 26.
10 TYPHLOPID A.
titt 26 scales round the body ; diameter of body 26 times in the total length.
28. schneideri, p. 27.
tttt 20 seales round the body; diameter of body 22 to 30 times in the total length. 29. reticulatus, p. 27.
tt Nasal completely divided into two.
24 scales round the body .............. 26. acuticauda, p. 26. 22 scales round the body .............. 27. aluensis, p. 27. 18 scales round the body ............ 30. tenuis, p. 28,
c. Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial. 20 scales round the body ..... mR. tk 31. filiformis, p. 29. 22 scales round the body .............. 32. temminekit, p. 29.
2. Preocular in contact with the third labial only. a. Nasal incompletely divided.
30 scales round the body .............. 33. ruficauda, p. 29. 24 or 26 scales round the body.......... 34. kraali, p. 30. b. Nasal completely divided into two.
24 scales round the body .............. 35. platycephalus,p.30. 20 or 22 scales round the body.......... 36. lumbricalis, p. 31. 18 scales round the body ; tail longer than
DEDGE Re giecaiarcis +5 0 8s pk eon Nees 37. exiguus, p. 31. 18 scales round the body ; tail broader than
long: ‘cet ea Paks poss ep eae Fee 38. cecatus, p. 32.
B. Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior.
1. Rostral narrow, not more than one third the width of the head. .
a. Nasal cleft not extending to the upper surface of the snout, which is much depressed; 22 scales round the body.
Diameter of body 30 times in the total
length; tail broader than long........ 39. cuneirostris, p. 32. Diameter of body 58 times in the total
length ; tail longer than broad........ 41. depressus, p. 33.
b. Nasal cleft extending to the upper surface of the snout.
24 scales round the body ; nasal cleft pro- ceeding from the first labial .......... 44, ligatus, p. 34. 22 scales round the body ; nasal cleft pro- ceeding from the second labial ........ 45, torresianus, p. 34.
2. TYPHLOoPs. 11
2. Rostral more than one third the width of the head. a. Nasal cleft proceeding from the second labial. a. Rostral not half the width of the head. * Preocular narrower than the ocular; 22 scales
round the body ........ 40. verticalis, p. 32. ** Preocular larger than the ocular. 22 scales round the body .............. 42. longissimus, p. 33. ’ 18 scales round the body .........-.... 43. conradi, p. 33.
$B. Rostral at least half the width of the head. * Preocular narrower than the ocular.
_ 22 scales round the body ..........:... 48. australis, p. 35. 20 scales round the body .............. 49. wiedii, p. 36. 24 scales round the body .............. 53. mucronatus, p. 37.
** Preocular as broad as the ocular.
20 scales round the body ; tail longer than SEC ey ae Sere 50. exoceeti, p. 36. 22 scales round the body ; tail longer than ERE Ga seis 2 oe cine eels tats s+ 51. bipartitus', p. 37. 22 scales round the body; tail as long as 2 a 7a 5 ‘n'620' 6-0 Whe (Oe SRE 52. tenuicollis, p. 37.
b. Nasal cleft extending from the first labial to the upper surface of the snout; 22 scales round the body.
Rostral extending to the level of the eyes.. 46. polygrammicus, - Rostral not extending to the level of the [p. AS ee ee 47. regina, p. 35.
ce. Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial, not ex- tending to the upper surface of the snout; tail broader than long.
a. 18 or 20 scales round the body. 54. elegans, p. 37.
. ; B. 22 or 24 scales round the body. Diameter of body 66 times in the total
UES doit bss vwkatc cg dee stse se 55. decorosus, p. 38. Diameter of body 43 to 50 times in the :
MES. so + a aoa didepiedeind ices 56. obtusus, p. 38. Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total
Sy CSR Oot eee 57. fornasinii, p. 38.
y- 30 scales round the body .... 58. blanfordii, p. 39.
1 The place assigned to this species in the peemat, synopsis may prove incorrect on examination of the type specimens, the original description being : insufficient.
a :
a Petting a
12 TYPHLOPIDR.
C. Snout not hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior.
1. Eye not distinguishable.
a. 26 to 32 scales round the middle of the body; diameter of body 19 to 28 times in the total length.
Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial ;
middle dorsal scales larger than the
Cs PT ee re La cule ny 60. congicus, p. 40. Nasal cleft proceeding from the first labial ;
three upper labials....°°............ 61. hallowellii, p. 40. Nasal cleft proceeding from the lower
lateral border of the rostral .......... 62. anchiete, p. 40.
b. 24 scales round the middle of the body ; diameter of body 53 times in the total length.. 65. buchholzi, p. 41.
2. Eye distinguishable.
a. Diameter of body 44 to 50 times in the total length ; 20 or 22 scales round the middle of the body. 59. boettgeri, p. 39.
b. Diameter of body 21 to 36 times in the total length.
Nasal completely divided into two; 24
scales round the middle of the body.... 63. mossambieus, p. 41. Nasal incompletely divided; 22 or 24 scales
round the middle of the body ; ocular in
contact with the second, third, and fourth
labiads . 5c .5 5. pris eee alae 64, tettensis, p. 41. Nasal semidivided ; 24 to 30 scales round
the middle of the body ; preocular not
more than half as broad as the ocular .. 66. punctatus, p. 42. Nasal semidivided; 30 to 32 scales round
the middle of the body; preocular a
little narrower than the ocular........ 67. bibronii, p. 44.
D, Snout more or less distinctly hooked in profile, or with sharp eutting horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior.
* at
1. 28 to 42 scales round the body ; snout not hooked, a. Nasal cleft extending from the first labial to the nostril.
- ¢ a © barrens | ps. vain ty ys oan er,
a. The portion of the rostral visible from below broader — than long.
2. TYPHLOPS. 13
40 to 42 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 25 to 30
OO eee 68, schlegelii, p. 44. 28 to 30 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 35 to 50
times in the total ................-. 69. delalandii, p. 45. 34 to 40 scales round the middle of the
body, the diameter of which is 42 to 46
times in the total ...........6sseees 70. dinga, p. 45.
8. The portion of the rostral visible from below as long as broad ; 30 to 38 scales round the body.
Preocular two thirds the width of the
ocular, partly covering the eye........ 71. humbo, p. 46. Preocular not two thirds the width of the IE isa Salsa, 0.8 ws! «ela wipes crave ale 72. mucruso, p. 46.
6, Nasal cleft extending from the lower lateral border of the rostral to the nasal; 28 to 30 scales round the body. 73. anomalus, p. 47.
2. 26 scales round the middle of the body; snout strongly MLSS a Veg tack shinies ts 74. schinzi, p. 47. 3. 18 to 24 scales round the body. a. Eye distinguishable. a. Diameter of body less than 50 times in the total length.
24 scales round the body; rostral with
obtusely angular edge .............. 75. curvirostris, p. 48. 22 scales round the body; rostral with
a Ws dos Dee wean oan es oe 76. bicolor, p. 48. 20 scales round the body ; snout trilobate.. 77. bituberculatus,
[p. 48. 8B. Diameter of body 50 times or more in the total length.
* Tail not twice as long as broad,
22 or 24 scales round the body; tail not )
longer than broad ................-: 78. unguirostris, p. 49. } 18 scales round the body ; tail about once
and a half as long as broad .......... 79. affinis, p. 49. 20 scales round the body; tail not much
longer than broad ...........0.e+e0: 80. arenarius,.p. 49.
** Tail twice to twice and a half as long as broad; 20 or 22 scales round the body.
Rostral extending to between the eyes.... 81. multilineatus, p. 50. Rostral not extending to between the
“ . Gi, a . , pa C= ‘ La - , | ae a 4 roe - . 4, - .
14 TYPHLOPIDA. *** Tail 4 or 5 times as long as broad; 24 scales round the body ....... . 83. cumingit, p. 51. b. Eye not distinguishable; 20 or 22 scales round the body. Nasal cleft extending from the nostril to the first labial. .. oi: s sateen ees 84. simoni, p. 51. Nasal cleft extending from the nostril to the second labial .............0. 00% 85. crossit, p. 52,
III. A preocular and one or two suboculars.
A. Snout rounded.
1. Preocular not in contact with the labials ; 18 scales round the body.
a. Two suboculars.
Ocular in contact with the fourth labial .. 86. mirus, p. 52. Ocular separated from the labials........ 87. andamanensis,
{p. 52 b. Asingle subocular............ 88. ater, p. 53.
2. Preocular in contact with one or more labials; a single subocalar.
a. Rostral narrow; 18 scales round the body. Preocular in contact with the second and
third: labaale 27.5 ok ab oe Sa ws 89. disparilis, p. 53. Preocular in contact with the second labial). ovisa ps + ue ude s ee eee 90. microstomus, p. 53.
b. Rostral nearly half the width of the head.
20 scales round the body; preocular in contact with the second, third, and fourth * labials. ..... ... Ssaustns oes ernie iy 91. iornatus, p. 54, 22 scales round the body; preeocular in contact with the second and third labials. 92. pallidus, p. 54.
B. Snout with sharp horizontal edge.
1, Eye not distinguishable. p. 54. 18 scales round the body ..........+4.. 93. lumbriciformis, 22 scales round the body ............+. 94, cocus, p. 55. 28 scales round the body ............+. 95. newtonti, p. 55. 2, Eye distinguishable under the nasal shield. 25 to 27 scales round the body .......... _ 96. uniteniatus, p. 55.
28 to 36 scales round the body.......... 97. acutus, p. 56.
2. TYPHLOPS. 15
1. Typhlops lineatus. : hlops lineatus, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 563; Schleg. Abbild. p. 39, ve Best 4 §2-34 (1844) ; Jan, Toon. Gén. p. 7,11, oh v.& vi ea § Bibr. vi. p. 259 (1844); Cantor, Cat. Mal. lineatum, Gray, Cat. Taz. p. 134 (1845). 64) hlina lineata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 171, pl. xvi. fig. B (
Snout rounded, strongly projecting, flat inferiorly; nostrils inferior. Rostral very large; nasal semidivided, the cleft pro- ceeding from the first labial; a single large shield (the ocular) on each side behind the nasal; eyes hidden ; prwfrontal, supraoculars, and parietals large, transverse; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 60 times in the total length; tail about as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Blackish above, each scale with a yellowish spot, or yellowish or pale brownish with dark brown longitudinal lines running between the series of scales; head and lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 480 millim. Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. : a, Ad. Singapore. General Hardwicke [P. b. Ad. Pinang. Dr, Cantor. P} e-d, Ad. Malacca. D. F. A. Hervey, Esq. [P.]. eA. Ad. & hgr. Salak, Java. R. Kirkpatrick, Tea, P.). i,k,l. Ad. &hgr. Java. es m-n. Ad. E. Indies. o. Her. Hong Kong (?). C. Bowring, Esq. [P.].
2. Typhlops unilineatus. 2 pang se unilineatus, Dum. § peng vi. 4 278 (1844), epee anes Gén. p. 29, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 2
Snout strongly projecting, with angular horizontal edge ; nostrils inferior. Rostral about half the width of the head; nasal’ semi- divided ; a single large shield (the ocular) on each side behind the nasal; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales scarcely e Diameter of body about 50 times in the total length. 26 or 28 scales round the body. Olive-brown above, with a black vertebral streak.
Total length 310 millim. Cayenne.
3. Typhlops melanocephalus. Cathetorhinus melanocephalus, Dum. § Bibr. Ms p. 270 (1844) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1865, p, 263, pl. —. ss) a7 es Jan, Icon. Gén. p- 8, ‘ 1, pls. v. & vi. 8 (1860)
eee ee
16 TYPHLOPID&,
Snout strongly projecting, with angular horizontal edge; nostrils lateral. Rostral very large, about three fifths the width of the head ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a single large shield (the ocular) on each side behind the nasal ; eyes hidden; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 50 times in the ‘total length ; tail nearly twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Uniform dark brown ; head black.
Total length 180 millim.
Hab. 2
4, Typhlops braminus.
Russell, Ind, Serp. i. pl. xliii. (1796).
Eryx braminus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 279 (1803).
Martie russellii, Merr. Tent, p. 84 (1820).
hlops braminus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 73 (1829); Dum. §
ass vi. > 309 (1844) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 12, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 16 (1864); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. "15, 1. xvi. ‘fig. 1 (1864) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 263 ; lanf. eee As, Soc, Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 370; Stoliczka, Journ. ” As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 425 ; Theob. Cat. Rept. "Brit. Ind. p-. 125 (1876); Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1879, p. 459, pl. i. fig. 1; Peters, Reise n, Mossamb. iii. p- 91 (1882); Murray, Zool. Sind, p-. 374 (1884) ; Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 236 (1890).
—— russe lii, Schleg. Abbild. p. 39 (1844).
Argyrophis truncatus, i. ‘Git. 1 Inz. p. 138 (1845).
—— bramicus, Gray, /. ¢
Onychocephalus capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. li. fig. 3, & pl. liv. figs. 9-16 (1845).
? Ophthalmidium tenue, Hallow, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 497.
Typhlops inconspicuus, Jan, Elenco, p. 11 (1863).
—— tenuis (non Salv.), Giinth. op. cit. p. 176, pl. xvi. fig. C.
—— pammeces, Giinth. op. cit. p. 444; Theob. op. cit. p. 125.
—— reuteri, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1881 .p. 650.
? Typhlops lenzi, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1882, p. 478.
Typhlops euproctus, Boettg. 1. c. p. 479.
Rostral narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior (lower) of which extends to the upper surface of the head and is in contact inferiorly with the prae- ocular; prefrontal nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with
the second and third labials; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a-
little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 35 to 55 times in the total length; tail as long as or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Brown\or blackish above, lighter inferiorly ; snout, anal region, and end of tail usually whitish.
Total length 175 millim. ©
South Asia; islands of the Indian Ocean; Africa south of the Equator.
~ peel Bombay. Dumagudem, Goda-
very Valley. Madras.
Mauritius,
Tamatave.
Johanna, Comoro Ids. Cape of Good Hope.
Cape Town.
2, TYPHLOPS. 17
W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. ro aie Major Oe Watkin By. General Hardwicke [P.].
Dr. Leith [P.]
W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.].
T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
(" of 7. pammeces.) Col. Beddome ee Met Col. Beddome oT Col. Beddome or
Col. Beddome [C.}. Col. Beddome [C.}.
E. W. Oates, Esq. Py
Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.
L. Bouton, Esq. . Rey. W. D. Cowan to C. Bewsher, Esq. [C.].
Sir A. — LP. ( O. capensis. Trustees ype the Africa Museum [P.}.
5. Typhlops accedens. res accedens, Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 16,1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 15 1 ).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the lower of which is in contact with the prewocular; latter shield nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eye distinct; supraocular and parietal strongly enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 60 times in the total length; tail once and a
VOL. I.
c
18 TYPHLOPID®.
half as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Pinkish white, each scale reddish brown at the base; end of snout yellowish. .
Total length 150 millim.
East Indies.
6. Typhlops beddomii. (Praze I, fig. 3.) Typhlops beddomii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 237 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior or lower of which is in contact with the first and second labials, the upper forming a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct; upper head-shields a little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 20 to 40 times in the total length; tail a little longer than broad, not ending in a spine, the terminal scale obtusely conical. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, lighter inferiorly; usually a more or less distinct darker vertebral line; end of snout and chin and anal region whitish.
Total length 125 millim.
Hills of Southern India.
a-d. Ad. & Kimedy Hills, Vizagapatam Col. Beddome [C.].)
hgr. district. e-t, Ad, & Anamallays, 2000-5900 ft. Col. Beddome[C.}.| -
hgr. (Types.) k-l, m-n. Travancore Hills, 2500- Col. Beddome [C.].
Ad. & 3000 ft.
7. Typhlops jagori. Typhlops jagorii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684.
Snout depressed, rounded; nostrils lateral. Upper portion of rostral elliptic, about half as broad as the head; nasals in contact behind the rostral; preeocular present, in contact with the third labial only; prefrontal larger than the frontal; supraoculars smaller than the parietals; four upper labials, second twice as large as first. 28 scales round the body. Deep black above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 220 millim.
Luzon, Philippines,
8. Typhlops leucomelas. (Pxarn I, fig. 4.) Typhlops leucomelas, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 237 (1890),
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about-one third the width of the
Fie ]
2. TYPHLOPSs, 19
head, extending to between the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials and extends to the upper surface of the head; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 32 times in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, ending in a point. 22 seales round the body. Blackish brown above, pure white in- feriorly.
Total length 130 millim. Ceylon. a. Haycock Mountain, 2000 ft., 40 miles from Col. Beddome [C.] oint de Galle. (Type.)
9. Typhlops jerdoni. (Puare I. fig. 5.) Typhlops jerdoni, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 238 (1890).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral very narrow, its upper portion hardly one fourth the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials and extends to the upper surface of the head; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the seeond and third labials; eyes distinct; supraoculars and parietals much larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 37 to 46 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown above, lighter inferiorly; end of snout, anal region, and lower surface of tail whitish.
Total length 230 millim.
Khasi Hills.
a-c, Ad.& yg. | KhasiHills. —‘T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. (Types.)
10. Typhlops porrectus.
Typhlops tenuis (non Salv.), Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 10,1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 13 (1864). —— porrectus, Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 426, pr xxv. figs. 1-4; Theob. Cat. oF Brit. Ind. p. 124 (1876); lanf.2nd Yark. Miss., Rept. p. 21 (1878); nae tg Sind, p. 374 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes, which are very in- distinct; nasal semidivided, the cleft extending from the second labial to the nostril; preocular present, nearly as large as the ocular; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 70 to 90 times in the
c2
20 TYPHLOPID &.
total length ; tail a little longer than broad, terminating in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, paler inferiorly ; snout, chin, and lower surface of tail white. |
Total length 220 millim.
Himalayas; India.
a-b, Her. Bengal. ;
e. Ad. Bombay. Dr. Leith t
d, Ad. Belgaum. Dr. Leith | P.}.
e. H, Trevandrum, Travancore. H. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.].
gr. f-g. Ad. & hgr. India.
11. Typhlops guentheri.
Typhlops uyeh coe) guentheri, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 18665, p. 259, pl. —. fig. 1.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral nearly half the width of the head, broadly truncate posteriorly, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preeocular present, nar- rower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; prefrontal much enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 60 times in the total length; tail slightly longer than broad, ending in an obtuse point. 18 scales round the body. Pale reddish brown above, whitish inferiorly ; tail blackish.
Total length 142 millim.
North Australia.
a. N. Australia. Dr. J. R. Elsey [C.]. (Type.)
12. Typhlops leucoproctus. (Prarz I. fig. 6.)
Typhlops leucoproctus, Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 861,
Snout rounded, moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes dis- tinguishable ; upper head-scales moderately enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 65 times in the total length; tail once and a half to twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Dark brown, somewhat lighter inferiorly ; labial and anal regions yellowish.
Total length 220 millim.
New Guinea and Queensland.
a. Ad. Fly River, New Guinea. Rev. S. Macfarlane
C.). b-d. Ad. Murray Id., Torres Straits. Rev..S; Macfarlane tod (Types. ) e. Ad. Queensland,
7
a.
2. TYPHLOPS, 21
13. Typhlops comorensis. (Pare II. fig. 1.) Te comorensis, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6), iv. 1889, p- 361.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting; nostrils latera.. Rostral two fifths the width of the head, extending to the level o the eyes; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; upper head-scales feebly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 54 times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad. 20 scales round the body. Dark brown; labial and anal regions yellowish.
Total length 245 millim.
Comoro Islands.
a. Comoro Islands. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Type.)
14. Typhlops socotranus. (Prare II. fig. 2.) iL socotranus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p- 362.
Snout rounded, very prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, broader than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ;
~ upper head-scales slightly enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter
of body 37 to 50 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending ina spine. 24 scales round the body. Whitish, with pale brown lines running between the dorsal series of scales.
Total length 200 millim. Socotra. a-b, Ad. Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.]. (Types.)
15. Typhlops vermicularis.
Anguis lumbricalis (non Linn.), Daud. Rept. vii. p. 308 (1803). ‘af tg vermicularis, Merr. Tent. p. 158 (1820) ; Berth. Abh. Ges. iss. Gotting. i. 1843, p. 52, pl. i. figs. 1-3; Dum. § Bibr. vi. . B03 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 18, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 3 F864) ; Strauch, Schl. Russ, R. p. 25 (1873) ; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. ili. 1888, p. 920. —— flavescens, Bibr. § Bory, rey Morée, Zool. p. 72, pl. xiii. fig. 8 (1833); Schleg. Abbild. p. 37 (1844). Ty hones ——— Gray, ~~ nar’ if 137 ke oe lo iacus, Jan, op. cit. p. 15, L. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 5; tet. rch Mus, Lyon, iii, 1883, p- 188, pl. xix. fig. 1. : —— persicus, Blanf. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. 1874, p. 34, and Zool. E. Pers. p. 399, pl. xxvii. fig. 5 (1876). —— lumbricalis, Schreib, Herp. Bur. p. 315 (1875).
22 TYPHLOPIDE.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceed- ing from the second labial; preocular present, about as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; upper head-scales moderately enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 52 times in the total length; tail about as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 or 24 scales round the body. Brown or brownish above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 260 millim.
From the Ionian Islands, Greece, Asia Minor, and Syria, to Turkestan, Afghanistan, and Persia.
a. Hgr. Morea.
b, Ad. Bay of Salamis. — Ince, Esq. [P.].
e. Ad. Constantinople.
d-f,g. Ad. Xanthbus. Sir C. Fellows [P.].
h, i. Ad. Cyprus. Lord Lilford EF
k. Her. Oyprus. Dr. C. E. Cullen [P.}.
l. Ad. t. Hermon. Canon Tristram [C.].
m. Ad. Caucasus. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.}.
n. Ad. Ai Dara, W. slope of Co- M. C. Eylandt [C.].
et Dagh, Transcaspia.
o-p. Ad. Ashkabad, Transcaspia. M. P. A. Warentzow [C.]}.
g-t. Ad. Puli Hatun, Transcaspia. M. ©, Eylandt [C.}.
u. Ad. S.W. of Karman, 6000 ft. |W. 'T. Blanford, Esq. [E.}.
(One of the types of 7. persicus.
v. Ad, N. of Herat. Dr. Aitchison fod.
Afghan Boundary Commission.
16. Typhlops diardi.
Typhlops diardii, Schleg. Abbild. p. 89 (1844); Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p- 300 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 19, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 10 (1864); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262 ; Bicdang! Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 288, fig. (1890).
Argyrophis horstieldii, Gray, Cat. Iiz. p. 187 (1845).
Typhlops striolatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 922; Giinth. age we Ind. p. 174 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit, Ind, p. 122
876).
horsfieldii, Giinth. op. cit. p. 173, pl. xvi. fig. E; Stoliezka,
Journ. As. Soc. Beng. x\. 1871, p. 423; Theob. op. cit. p. 121. barmanus, Stoliczka, Proc, a Soc. Beng. 1872, p. ia
Snout rounded and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head, extending to between the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a prwocular, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; prefrontal and frontal usually scarcely larger than the scales on the body, supraoculars and parietals broader; four upper labials. Diameter of body 29 to 34 timesi n the total length ; tail as long as broad or broader than long, terminating in a spine.
a 5. * a & me ’ 2
J
2. TrPHLors. » 23
24 to 26 scales round the body. Olive-brown above, each scale with a more or less distinct light transverse streak ; lower parts
pale brownish or yellowish.
Total length 430 millim.
Bengal, Khasi Hills, Assam, Burma, Cochinchina. a, Ad. Khasi Hills. East India Co. [P.].
(Type of A. horsfieldit. b. Ad, Khasi Hills. . C. Jerdon, Esq. | P.}. e-d. Ad. Assam. Dr. Cantor. e. Ad., bad state. Calcutta. Prof. Peters [P.]. (One of the “ypes of 7. striolatus.)
fg. Ad. Tenasserim. Dr. Packman [P.}. k, t. Her. Reef Id., Tavoy. E. W. Oates, 48 k, Ad., skel. —? Sir A. Smith iP.
17. Typhlops bothriorhynchus. hlops bothriorhynchus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 174, pl. xvi i '& (1864); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1871, p. 168; Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xi. 1871, p. 424; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. By 122 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. ; 239 (1890) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. \x. 1891, p. 282.
Snout round and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral ; a rounded coneavity on each side below the nostril, and two others, less marked, on the third labial and on each side of the rostral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head, extending to between the eyes ; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial and passing through the subnarial pit; a priocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 times in the total length ; tail about as long as broad, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Dark brown above, paler inferiorly,
Total length 160 millim.
Northern India (North-west Provinces and Assam) and Malay Peninsula.
a. Ad. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. Or
b. Ad. Salsanger, Assam. Indian Museum ?
18. Typhlops oatesii. (Puare II. fig. 3.) Typhlops oatesii, Boweng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 238 (1890).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral very narrow, its upper portion hardly one fourth the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a preocular, a little smaller than the ocular; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 31 to 33 times in the total length ; tail
Lo a
24 TYPALOPIDA,
as long as broad or broader than long, ending in a spine, 24 scales round the body. Yellowish, with confluent brown spots corresponding to the series of scales and forming longitudinal lines which are broader than the interspaces.
Total length 200 millim.
Andamans.
ab, Ad. TableId., Andamans. EE. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. (Types.)
19. Typhlops siamensis.
hlops siamensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 175, pl. xvi. fig. D Typhlop P (1864).
Snout rounded and moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion hardly one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided, the cleft’ strongly curved and proceeding from the second labial; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct ; upper head- scales a little larger than those on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 33 times in the total length; tail not quite as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brownish above, yellowish inferiorly. ;
Total length 166 millim.
Siam.
a. Ad. Bias oe M. Mouhot [C.}. (‘Dype.)
20. Typhlops nigroalbus.
Typhlops nigroalbus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 295 (1844); Cantor, Cat. Mal Rept. p. 51 (1847) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 20, 1. 4, pl. vi. fig. 3 (1864) ; Giinth. t. Brit. Ind. p. 172, pl. xvi. fig. F (1864).
Argyrophis bicolor, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 186 (1845).
Snout rounded and strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the eye, extending to between the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a preocular, a little broader than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; upper head-scales considerably larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 to 33 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 26 scales round the body. Upper half black, lower yellowish white.
Total length 360 millim.
Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.
-
a. Ad. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
b, Ad. Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P.). (Type of A. bicolor.)
ce, Ad. Singapore.
d-e. Ad. Perak. * G, E. Dobson, Esq. [E.].
f Ad, Ee
2. rYPHtops. 25
21. Typhlops muelleri. vite miilleri, Schleg . Abbild. . 32, pl. xxxii. 25-28 ; Dum. § mare vi. p. 298 fiss4); Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 20, 4, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1864).
Agrees in form, scaling, and coloration with 7’. nigroalbus, but the rostral is broader and shorter, viz. half the width of the head, and doés not extend to the level of the eyes. Scales in 26 or 28 rows.
Total length 285 millim.
Sumatra.
a, Ad. Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Pilidion dimidiatum, Blk.)
22. Typhlops madagascariensis. Typhlops ne Boettg. Abh. Senchenb. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 3, pl. i. fig. 1
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral hardly one third the width of the head ; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; praocular present, a little narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes hidden; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 46 times in the total length; tail slightly longer than broad, rounded at the end, without spine. 24 scales round the body. Blackish brown above and below, each scale with a somewhat lighter longitudinal streak.
Total length 410 millim.
Nossi Bé, Madagascar.
23. Typhlops flaviventer.
ef pema flaviventer, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1864, p. 271; Peters § ‘a, Ann, Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 384.
Snout rounded and strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, its upper portion about one third the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a preocular, nearly as large as the ocular; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length ; tail twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Upper half black, lower yellowish white.
Total length 300 millim.
Moluccas.
a. Ad. Ternate. Marquis G. Doria [P.).
26 TYPHLOPID.
24. Typhlops theobaldianus. Typhlops theobaldianus, Stoliezka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xl. ei Pe 439 pl. xxv. 5 5-8; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
Pig76) Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240 (1890) W. L. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 23
Snout round and strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral considerably more than one third (nearly half) the width of the head, reaching very far back on the top of the head; nasal semi- divided, the cleft. extending from the second labial to the nostril; a procular, nearly as large as the ocular ; eyes perfectly indistinct ; prefrontal very slightly longer than frontal; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 70 times in the total length ; tail nearly thrice as long as broad, terminating in an obtuse point, without spine. 22 scales round the body. Greyish brown, slightly paler below.
Total length 350 millim.
Assam.
25. Typhlops thurstonii. Typhlops thurstoni, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1890, p. 297.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral rather more than half the width of the head, reaching far back on the top of the head; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft extending from the second labial to a little beyond the nostril; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal moderate; frontal and interparietal narrow ; four upper labials, third and fourth in contact with the ocular. Diameter of body 45 to 52 times in the total length; tail once and a half to twice as long as broad, without or with a very feeble and obtuse spine. 20 scales round the body. Uniform isabelline yellow, paler inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim, (reaches a length of 240 millim.),
Nilgherry Hills, 8. India.
a-b. Her. Nellambur. G. E. Mason, Esq. [P.}.
26. Typhlops acuticauda. i ara acuticaudus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 416, pl. —
Snout rounded, very prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first and second labials; preocular present, a little narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ; upper head-shields, except the parietals, scarcely ‘enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 52 times in the total length ; tail
2. TYPHLOPs. 27
once and a half as long as broad, ending in aspine. 24 scales round the body. Brown above, yellow inferiorly.
Total length 123 millim.
Pelew Islands.
27. Typhlops aluensis. i ia aluensis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1887, p. 336, pl. xxviii.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first - and second labials; rostral about two fifths the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; praocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper ‘labials. Diameter of body 60 times in the total length ; tail twice and one third as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown above, yellowish inferiorly. Total length 245 millim. Solomon Islands.
L a. Ad, ? Alu, Shortland Islands. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.}. . (Type.)
28. Typhlops schneideri. Typhlops schneideri, Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 20, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 3 (1864).
Snout round, moderately projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head; nasal semidivided, the cleft. proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes hidden; upper head-scales strongly’ enlarged; four upper labials, Diameter of body 26 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 26 scales round the body. Olive
| above, yellowish inferiorly. Total length 230 millim. Bangkok, Siam.
29. Typhlops reticulatus.
sy om reticulata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 391 (1766); Schneid. Hist.
mph. ii. p. 8325 (1801); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 324 (1802
—— rostralis, Weigel, Schrift. Berl. naturf, Ges, iii, 1782, p. 190.
Typhlops crococatus, Schneid. Ll. c. p. 340.
Anguis nasutus, Gmel, S. N. i. p. 1120 (1788).
—— rostratus, Daud. 1. c. p. 316.
noche lumbricalis, Sehleg. Abbild. p. 35, pl, xxxii. figs. 1-4 844).
ae reticulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi, p. 282, pl. lx. (1844); Jan,
ee eee ‘
———"
28 TYPHLOPIDA.
Icon. Gén. p. 10, 1. 4, pl. vi. fig. 1, & 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7 1864). A his reticulatus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 187 (1845). Ophthalmidion crassum, A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. 202 (1851).
Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral hardly one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal incom- pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; a pra- ocular, a little narrower than thé nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales slightly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 22 to 30 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Dark brown or black above, uniform or the scales edged with lighter ; snout, tail, and lower parts yellowish.
Total length 300 millim.
‘Tropical South America. a, Ad. Demerara. Dr, Hannah [P.}. b. Ad. Macasseema, Brit. Guiana. W. L. Sclater, Esq. [P.]. ce. Ad. Cayenne. d. Ad. Bahia. Dr. Wucherer [C.]. e. Ad. Yurimaguas, Huallaga R. Dr. Hahnel . : fy. Y¢. Moyobamba, E. Peru. A. H. Roff, Esq. [C.].
30. Typhlops tenuis. Typhlops tenuis, Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 454. —— perditus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 485; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 499, pls. xxix. fig. 3, & xxx. fig. 3 (1882). — basimaculatus, Cons Proc. Ae. Philad. 1866, p. 320. —— prelongus, F. Miiller, Verh. naturf. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p- 674.
Snout rounded, very prominent ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first and second labials; a preocular, as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes hidden or just distinguishable; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 50 to 62 times in the total length; tail as long as broad or a little broader than long, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Pale brown | above, yellowish inferiorly ; or yellowish, each dorsal scale with a brown spot.
Total length 310 millim.
Central America. a, Ad. Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. (Type.)
b. Ad. Guatemala,
ce. Ad, Orizaba.
d. Ad. Teapa, Tabasco. O..Salvin & F, D, Godman, Esgqrs. [ P.].
e-f,g. Ad. &hgr, Mexico M. Sallé [C.}.
2. TYPHLOPs. 29
31. Typhlops filiformis.
Typhlops filiformis, Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 307 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. a 1011.3, pl. iv. fig. 12, & 1. 9, pl. Pig.7 (1864.
Snout rounded; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distin- guishable ; supraoculars and parietals larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 60 times in the total length; tail hardly longer than whee ending obtusely, 20 scales round the body. Reddish brown, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 135 millim.
Hab. ——?
32. Typhlops temminckii. a temminckii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 14, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 6
Snont round, strongly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one fourth the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; prefrontal and supraoculars much enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 45 times in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, ending in aspine. 22 scales round the body. Brown above, each scale with a lighter edge; yellowish white inferiorly.
Total length 225 millim.
Hab. ?
33. Typhlops ruficauda. Anilios ruficauda, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845). Typhlops raficauda, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684. “Fee edamame Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 21,1. 3, pls. iv. & vy. fig. 1
? Typhlops petersii, Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1 ; BL zit. figs. 7-9. Sa alae,
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with the third labial only ; eyes distinct; prefrontal, supraocular, and parietal considerably larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 31 to 55 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 30 scales round the body. Reddish brown above; snout, tail, and lower surfaces yellowish.
Total length 250 millim.
Philippine Islands.
a-c, Ad., hgr., & yg. Philippines. (Types.)
380 TYPHLOPID”,
34. Typhlops kraalii. Typhlepe kraalii, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 347, pl. xii.
Snout rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in con- tact with the first and second labials ; preocular present, as broad as the ocular, in contact with the third labial only ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales feebly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 42 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 24 to 26 scales round the body. Blackish brown, lower surface of head and middle of belly yellowish.
Total length 170 millim.
Kei Islands.
a. Ad.? Kei Islands. Capt. Langen [P.].
35. Typhlops platycephalus.
Typhlops plotysophalus, Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 293 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 18, 1. 3, pls iy. & v. fig. 8 (1864) Bouleng. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 352.
Ophthalmidion fuscum, A. Dum. Cat. Méth. Rept. p. + Rests
~ Typhlops fuscus, Jan, op. cit. p. 22, 1.5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 4
Snout rounded, rather depressed, strongly projecting; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, i in contact with the third labial only ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales not or scarcely enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 50 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Blackish brown above and below, uniform, or with a few of the scales of the middle ventral row white; lower surface of snout and anal region usually white.
Total length 360 millim.
Dominica and Martinique.
é
———— ee eee nee eee
—_
a. Ad. Dominica. Sir A. Smith [F b. Many specs. Dominica, G. A. Ram Se a atte + ec, Ad. . Dominica. H. A.A. N Nicholle “i2sq C}.
sy
=
=—;T- -.- Ss eee
——
2. TYPHLOPs. 31
36. Typhlops lumbricalis.
Brown, Jamaica, p. 460, pl. xliv. fig. 1 (1766).
Anguis lumbricalis, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 39 or
—— jamaicensis, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 588 (1802).
Typ! ops lumbricalis, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Dum. §
tbr. vi. p. 287 cee E Gosse, Nat. Soj. Jamaica, p. 262 (1851) ;
Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 12, |. 3, pls. iv. & y. fig. 4 (1864) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, p. 262.
— cinereus, Guér. Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xviii. fig. 2 (1838).
— cube, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Erp. p. 204, pl. xxii. (1843).
—— richardii, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 290; Jan, l. ¢. p. 16, fig. 7.
Anilios leachii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 135 (1845).
Meditoria nasuta, Gray, /. c. p. 139,
Typhlops sulcatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 128.
Snout rounded or subacuminate, rather depressed, strongly pro-
jecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral hardly one third the width of the
head, extending to the level of the eyes ; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials ; preocular present, nearly as broad as the ocular (sometimes trans- versely divided into two), in contact with the third labial only ; eyes distinct ; upper head-scales not or scarcely enlarged. Diameter of body 34 to 40 times in the total length; tail as long as broad or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 or 22 scales round the body. Brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim.
West Indies; Guiana.
a. Ad. Cuba. a
. Ad. & yg. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse, Esq. [P.). ty Ad. : Bluefields, Jamaica. P. H. Gosse Bet Py i-k. Ad. Hayti. Hr. Rolle [C. 1. Several specs., S. Thomas. Hr. Riise [C.].
ad. & hgr. m-n. Ad. & hgr. 8. Thomas. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ o. Yg. Antigua. Sir A. Smith (Py p. % Barbados (?). gq. A Berbice. a Essex [P.]. (Type
of M. nasuta.)
r-s. Ad. —? (Types of A. leachii.)
37. Typhlops exiguus. Typhlops exiguus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 11 a ah , Jan, » pls fig
Snout round, feebly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one fourth the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes ; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first and second labials; preocular present, narrower than the ocular, in contact with the third labial only; eyes distinguishable ; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body
82 TYPHLOPID®.
about 60 times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Yellowish above, white inferiorly.
Total length 135 millim,
East Indies.
38. Typhlops cecatus. ard cecatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9, 1. 3, pls. iv. & v. fig. 2 (1864),
Snout round, feebly projecting ; nostrils lateral. Rostral about one third the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first and second labials; prwocular present, nearly as broad as the ocular, in contact with the third labial only ; eyes hidden; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown, paler inferiorly ; snout and lower surface of tail white.
Total length 147 millim.
Gold Coast.
39. Typhlops cuneirostris. cl ag ag cuneirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 775, pl. —. g. 4. Snout very prominent, much depressed, cuneiform, with rounded
edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral narrow, hardly one third the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal
incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; -
preocular present, narrower than the nasal, as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; supra- oculars and parietals larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 30 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Dorsal scales edged with brown, the edges forming eight longitudinal dark lines on the body ; lower parts white.
Total length 146 millim.
Brava, Somaliland.
40. Typhlops verticalis. Onychocephalus verticalis, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. liv. (1845
—— macrurus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, p. 78, pl. —, and 1865, p- 263.
Snout moderately prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral
about three fifths the width of the head, not extending to the level.
of the eyes; nasals nearly meeting behind the rostral, semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present,
-
2. rYPHLopPs. 33
much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable; prefrontal large, supraoculars and parietals very broad; four upper labials. Dia- meter of body 42 to 45 times in the total length; tail nearly twice as long as broad. 22 scales round the body. Uniform brownish
ow. Total length 170 millim. Interior of South Africa.
a. Ad. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (Type.)
41. Typhlops depressus. Typhlops depressus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 220.
Head much depressed, broader than the neck ; snout rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral narrow; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 times in the total length ; tail longer than broad, pointed. 22 scales round the body. Dark brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 235 millim.
Duke of York Island.
42. Typhlops longissimus. hthalmidion longissimum, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 263 (1844). mae longissimus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 21, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 6 peal Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 500, pl. xxix. fig. 11 (1882).
Snout rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral nearly half the width of the head; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, much larger than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes invisible; pre- frontal and supraoculars much enlarged ; four upper labials. Dia- meter of body about 50 times in the total length ; tail once and a half as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Uniform grey, end of snout yellowish.
Total length 350 millim.
Hab. ——?
43. Typhlops conradi. Typhlops conradi, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1874, p. 162, pl. —. fig. 1.
Snout rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral two fifths the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal semi- divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, much larger than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 times in the total length ;
VOL, I. D
——— ae
84 TYPHLOPID®.
tail a little broader than long. 18 scales round the body. Brown, somewhat lighter inferiorly ; head and end of tail white.
Total length 175 millim.
North Celebes.
44. Typhlops ligatus. Typhlops ligatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1879, p. 775, pl. —. fe: 3. ois Fain Douglas Ogilby, Ree. Austral. Mus. i ii, 18 , p. 23
Snout moderately prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral narrow, band-like, not one third the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely (or nearly completely) divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper sur- face of the head; prwocular present, slightly narrower than the nasal or the ocular, i in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinguishable; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals consi- derably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 25 (to 32) times in the total length; tail once and a half as long as broad, ending in aspine, 24 scales round the body. Brown above, yel- lowish inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.
Queensland.
a, Ad. Rockhampton.
45. Typhlops torresianus. (Pxarz II. fig. 4.) Bey torresianus, Bouleng Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889,
Snout prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral about one third the width of the head, not extending quite to the level of the eyes; the portion visible from below half as broad as long; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft extending from the second labial to the upper surface of the snout; procular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals en- larged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 43 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Dark olive or brown above, the scales edged with lighter ; whitish inferiorly,
Total length 400 millim.
Murray Island, Torres Straits. -
a-b, Ad. & hgr. Murray Island. Rey. 8. Macfarlane [C.]. (Types.)
46. Typhlops polygrammicus. Typhlo lygrammicus, Schie ar . 40, pl. xxxii. figs. 35-38 (1844) ; "Dam. § Biri vi. p. 302 1st); Son, Toon: Gia. 1B 3, ple iv. & v. fi 9 (1864) ate on, Berl, Ac, 1865, p. 262. Anilios ns, Grey . Cat. ee 185 (1845). Argyrophis selyuvestinions, Gray, 1. ¢. p. 188.
i —_ e
2. TYPHLOPs. 35
ops nigrescens, Jan, op. cit. p. 13, L. 9 i. fig. 1; Me ode Zool, Viet, vi. cit. (1885)- pp te - ——riippelli, Jan, op. cit. p. 14, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 2.
Snout prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostral about half the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; the portion visible from below longer than broad; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper surface of the snout; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 31 to 50 times in the total length ; tail once and one fourth to twice as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown or dark olive above, the scales edged with lighter; white inferiorly.
Total length 435 millim.
Timor; North and East Australia.
a. Ad. Queensland. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ b. a. Queensland. Col. Beddome (0: gs d. N. = Wales. G. Krefft, Esq. [C.}. . . e . E a Poveaioite, N.S.Wales. A. G. Butler: cate , hk. Hgr. Paramatta,N.S.Wales. G. Newport, Esq. -|.| Types of t. Hgr. Australia. Lord Derby [P.}. A, nigrescens.
47. Typhlops reginz. (Prare ITI. fig. 1.) Typhlops regine, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 362.
Snout prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral nearly half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes ; the portion visible from below longer than broad ; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft extending from the first labial to the upper surface of the snout; preocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distin- guishable; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals much enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 37 to 50 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Greyish olive above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 410 millim. Queensland. a-c. Ad, & hgr. Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Types.)
48. Typhlops australis. aoe australis, Gray, Cat. ae p- aoe ee a sehen Typhlops preissi, Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 15, |. . V. fig. ‘ ere wratialis, Eetere, Mon. Bart Ac. 1805, Z 263, pl. Ph fig. 3 Snout very prominent, rounded ; nostrils inferior. Rostra large, about three fifths the width of the head, the upper part as long as
broad, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided, D2
=a
36 TYPHLOPID®.
the cleft proceeding from the second labial; prwocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal, supra- oculars, and parietals considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 33 to 37 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. _ 22 scales round the body. Pale olive- brown above, yellowish inferiorly. Total length 265 millim.
West Australia. a-b. Ad. & hgr. W. Australia, (Types.) e. Ad, Swan River.
49. Typhlops wiedii. Typhlops wiedii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 24.
Snout very prominent, rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral large, three fifths the width of the head, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below longer than broad ; nostril nearly completely divided, the cleft extending from the second labial to the upper surface of the snout; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales a little enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 67 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, or a little longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Buff above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 290 millim.
Queensland and New South Wales.
a-f. Ad. & hgr. Queensland. g-m. Ad. New South Wales. Imperial Institute.
50. Typhlops exoceti. (Pxaze III. fig. 2.) Typhlops exocesti, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 517.
Snout depressed, rounded, strongly projecting ; nostrils inferior. Rostral broad, upper portion broadest anteriorly, about half the width of the head, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incom- pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a pree- ocular, of about the same size as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 to 66 times in the total length ; tail twice as long as broad, ending ina spine. 20 scales round the body. Pale
brownish, each scale with a brown spot; these spots largest and »
darkest on the dorsal surface, where they form longitudinal lines, Total length 350 millim. Christmas Island, Indian Ocean,
a-b. Ad. & hgr. Christmas Island. we Ning Fi Aa ae
ve |
2. TYPHLOPs. 37
51. Typhlops bipartitus. Typhlops bipartitus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 59.
Snout rounded; nostrils inferior. Rostral large; nasal semi- divided ; preocular as broad as the ocular; four upper labials, 22 seales round the body. ‘Tail longer than broad. Yellowish green above, light brown inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.
Tidore (?) Island, Northern New Guinea.
52. Typhlops tenuicollis.
Onychocephalus (Ophthalmidion) tenuicollis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 864, p. 272, pl. —. fg. 2. hlops tenuicollis, ob. Cat. t. Brit. Ind. p. 1283 (1876); oa Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 241 (1890).
Snout round and moderately projecting ; nostrils inferior. Rostral broad, its upper portion more than half as broad as the head; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; a preocular, about as large as the ocular ; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal and frontal very broad, broader than the ocular and parietal ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 65 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, terminal scute obtusely conical. 22 scales round the body. Olive-brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 365 millim.
Himalaya.
53. Typhlops mucronatus,
hlops (Ophthalmidion) mucronatus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. TYPNTD, dad Abh. Senckenb, Gee ait 1881, p. 438, pl. i. fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with inferior nostrils, Rostral half the width of the head ; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 55 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad or a little longer, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Grey-brown or olive, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 330 millim.
Nossi Bé, Madagascar.
a-b, Ad. & hgr. Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Museum [E. }.
54. Typhlops elegans.
Typhlo hthalmidion) e Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1868, 450, Aw; fig. 1; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. x. 1887, p. 199.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with inferior nostrils. Rostral large, about half as broad as the head, extending to the level of the
—— se A te ee oe) sah
38 TYPHLOPID®.
eyes, the portion visible from below a little broader than long; nasal completely divided into two, the cleft proceeding from the first — labial; preeocular present, much narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinguishable; prefrontal and supraoculars larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 36 to 49 times in the total length; tail broader than long. 18 or 20 scales round the body. Orange, with black longitudinal lines running between the series of scales and. becoming indistinct on the belly.
Total length 390 millim,
Tha do Principe, West Africa.
55. Typhlops decorosus,
mba = Sao aapanars decorosus, Buchh. § Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875, p. 197.
Closely allied to 7’. elegans, but body more elongate, its diameter 66 times in the total length, and 24 scales round the body.
Total length 330 millim.
Cameroons.
56. Typhlops obtusus.
Typhlops (Onychoce yesee, obtusus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ae, 1865, 260, AS yr fig, 9, and Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 95 (1862).
aa very prominent, rounded, with inferior nostrils. Rostral large, more than half as broad as the head, the portion visible from below as long as broad; nasal semi-divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; © eyes not distinguishable; prefrontal and supraoculars broad; four upper labials. Diameter of body 43 to 50 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 22 or 24 scales round the middle of the body. Dorsal scales brown or blackish, whitish at the base, darker on the sides; lower parts whitish.
Total length 300 millim. South-east Africa. a-b, Ad. Shiré Valley. (Types) ec. Ad. Nyassaland, H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.).
57. Typhlops fornasinii.
Typhlops fornasinii, Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 13, pl. iii, fig. 1 (1847); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 17, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 5 (1864) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. "94, pl. xv. fig. 3 (1882).
On -chocephalus trilobus, Peters, Mon, Berl.’ Ac. 1854, p. 621, and — 860, p. 80. ;
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with more or less distinctly trilobate horizontal outline ; nostrils inferior. Rostral
2. TYPHLOPS. 39
large, about half the width of the head, the portion visible from below nearly as long as broad ; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft ing from the first labial; praocular present, a little narrower
than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second labial only ; eyes just distinguishable ; upper head-scales enlarged ; four upper labial. ‘Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total length; tail a little broader than long, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Bluish or greyish, anal region yellowish.
Total length 160 millim.
Mozambique.
58. Typhlops blanfordii. (Pxarn II, fig. 5.) ’ Typhlops eschrichtii (nom Schleg.), Blanf. Geol. § Zool. Abyss. p. 457 — blanfordii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) iv. 1889, p. 363.
Snout very prominent, depressed, rounded, with inferior nostrils. Rostral large, more than half the width of the head, extending to between the eyes, the portion visible from below nearly as long as broad ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial ; preocular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct, below the
and the ocular; prefrontal much enlarged, supraoculars and parietals feebly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 30 scales round the body. Olive-grey, basal half of each dorsal scale blackish; a narrow whitish strip along the middle of the lower surface.
Total length 320 millim. Abyssinia. a, Ad. Senafé, W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
59. Typhlops boettgeri. (Ptaze II. fig. 6.)
Snout very prominent, depressed, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, more than half the width of the head, not extending to between the eyes, the portion visible from above as broad as long; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; prevcular present, much narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct, below the ocular; prefrontal scarcely enlarged, supra- oculars and parietals a little larger; four upper labials. Diameter of body 44 to 50 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20 or 22 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 220 millim.
Madagascar. a-e. Ad., hgr., & yg. 8.W. Madagascar. Mr. Last [C.}.
‘
»* ef =
CE 1... ae pela i aes ie —~ é . 2
40 TYPHLOPIDA.
60. Typhlops congicus.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) congicus, Boettg. Zool. Anz. 1887, p, 650, TE Ben Sick, Gre 1888, p. 44, phi. fig. 5. ary
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, the portion visible from below as long as broad; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial ; preocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes not distinguish- able; prefrontal, frontal, supraoculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 28 times in the total length; tail broader than long. 26 scales round the middle of the body, 28 anteriorly; the scales of the middle dorsal row distinctly larger than the others. Yellowish grey, a little lighter inferiorly, above with indistinct darker lines.
Total length 450 millim.
Near Banana, Congo.
61. Typhlops hallowellii. | as hallowelli, Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 29, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 6 ).
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and inferior nostrils, Rostral large ; nasal semidivided, the suture pro- ceeding from the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular; eyes not distinguishable ; preefrontal, supra- oculars, and parietals larger than the scales on the body; three upper labials, the first formed by the fusion of two. Diameter of body 19 times in the total length; tail much broader than long. 28 scales round the body. Uniform yellowish olive.
Total length 152 millim.
Gold Coast.
62. Typhlops anchietz. . Fypblons (Onychocephalus) anchietse, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish, xi, g 886, p. 172.
Onychocephalus anchietes, Matschie, Zool. Jahrb. v. 1890, p. 608.
Snout very prominent, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large; nasal semidivided, the suture pro- ceeding from the lower lateral border of the rostral; praocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second labial; eyes not distinguishable; four upper labials. Diameter of body 24 times in the total length; tail much broader than long. 30 to 32 scales round the body. Pale yellow, with greyish-brown blotches.
Total length 119 millim.
Angola, Transvaal.
.
2. TYPHLOPS : 41
63. Typhlops mossambicus. Typhlops eschrichtii (non Schi.), Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mosamb, p. 10
On . halus mossambicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1854, p. 621 et 1000, p. 82. asia ae
TYE) bianconii, Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 28, 1.1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3 )
— mossambicus, Jan, op. cit. p. 22, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3 (1864) ; Fotere, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 98, se ie 2 (1882).
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, not extending to the level of the eyes, which are distinguishable; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the middle of the body, 25 or 26 anteriorly. Dark brown ; lower surface of head and anal region yellowish.
Total length 150 millim.
South-east Africa, from Mozambique to Delagoa Bay.
a. Ad. Mozambique, Prof. Bianconi [P.}. 6. Ad. Mozambique.
64. Typhlops tettensis.
Onychocephalus tettensis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, p 80. Typhlops tettensis, Peters, Reise n, Mossamb, iii. p. 92, pl. xv. fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, not extending to the level of the eyes, which are distinguishable; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second upper labial; ocular in contact with the second, third, and fourth upper labials; four upper labials. Diameter of body 374 times in the total length; tail hardly as long as broad. 24 scales round the body anteriorly, 22 posteriorly. Greenish blue.
Total length 165 millim.
Tette, Mozambique.
65. Typhlops buchholzi.
Typhlops (Onychocephalus) buchholzi, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. reunde, 1881, p- “it ‘ ; =
Snout with an obtuse horizontal keel and inferior nostrils, Rostral large ; prefrontal much larger than frontal, which, like the supraoculars and parietals, is larger than the scales on the body ; eyes hidden ; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first
Se
42 TYPHLOPID®.
labial ; preocular present, nearly as large as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 53 times in the total length ; tail broader than long. 24 scales round the body. Yellow, with indistinct darker longitudinal lines. Total length 370 millim, Mungo, West Africa.
66. Typhlops punctatus.
Acontias punctatus, Leach, in Bowditch, Miss. Ashantee, p. 498
(1819). 9 eschrichtii, Schleg, Abbild. p. 37, pl. xxxii. . 18, 16 (1844) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 83; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 26, 1. eon v. & vi. fig. 4 (1861); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. Ts0s°
Ohthalmidion eschrichtii, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 265 (1844), Onychocephalus congestus, Dum. § Bibr, t.c. p. 334; Peters, 1. ¢. Onychophis barrowii, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 133 (1845). —— punctata, Gray, l.c. Onychocephalus Jiberiensis, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1848, p. 59; A, Dum. Arch. Mus. x. p. 186 (1860) ; Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, . 82. ae nigro-lineatus, Hallow. 1. c. p. 60. iy liberiensis, Jan, op. cit. p. 24, 1. 5, pls. v. & vi. fig. 1 a liberiensis, var. intermedia, Jan, op. cit. 1. 5, pls. vy. & vi. fig. 2. mas kraussii, Jan, op. cit. p. 26, 1. 3, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1864). —— lineolatus, Jan, op. cit. p. 24, 1. 9, pl. i. fig. 4 (1864). aoa angolensis, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb. i. 1866, pp. 46 65.
—— kraussi, Reichen. Arch. f. Nat. 1874, p. 291.
Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) eschrichtii, var. intermedia et lineolata, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 614. —
Aspidorhynchus eschrichtii, Peters, Sitzb. Ges, naturf. Freunde, 1881,
. 70. Typhlops (Ophthalmidion) kraussii, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. xi. 1887, 5 | :
p- 180. —— (Aspidorhynchus) eschrichti, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1888, p- 42.
Snout very prominent, rounded, with an obtuse horizontal keel and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, which are distinguishable; nasal semidivided, the suture extending from the first labial to the nostril; preocular present, narrower than the nasal, not more than half as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; four upper labials. Diameter of body 21 to 32 times in the total length; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 24 to 30 scales round the middle of the body, 26 to 32 anteriorly. Coloration very variable.
Total length 630 millim. on
West and Central Africa.
A. 30 scales round the middle of the body, 30 or 32 anteriorly.
a. Dark brown above, each scale with a small yellowish spot; each ventral scale yellowish in the centre and brown on the borders. (7. punctatus, eschrichtii.)
a. Hgr. Fantee. T. E. Bowditch, Esq. [P.). , (Type of 7. tatus. 6. Hgr. Gambia. Sir A. Smith | P. d-e. Ad. & yg. Monbuttu. Dr. Emin Pasha | P.). . Agr. Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha [C.}. b. Like the preceding but with scattered irregular yellow blotches above and below. g. Yg. Monbuttu. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.]. ec. Like a, but ventral scales uniform yellowish. h, z Ad. W. Africa. B. 24 to 28 scales round the middle of the body, 26 to 30 ante- riorly.
a. Dark brown above, each scale with a small yellowish spot ; each ventral scale yellowish in the centre and brown on the borders. (7. lineolatus.)
k. Ad, Angola. 1, Her. Monbuttu. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.]}.
b. Like a, but ventral scales uniform yellowish. (7. inter-
medius, angolensis.)
m. Yg. Gambia. Sir A. Moloney [P.}. n. A Cameroons o. Hgr Oil River H.H. Johnston, Esq. [P.].
c. The yellow spots on the upper surfaces confluent into longi- tudinal lines separated by black streaks; lower parts uniform yellowish. (7'. nigrolineatus, kraussi.)
p. Ad. Old Calabar. q: Ber. Accra, Gold Coast. F, Tyrrell, Esq. [P.}. r. Yg. ——
d. Black above, each scale paler, brownish, in the middle; lower parts uniform yellowish.
s. Ad. Old Calabar. t, Ad. P
e. Like d, with irregular yellow spots or large blotches above, or yellow with irregular black blotches above. (7'. congestus, barrowii, liberiensis.)
u. Ad. Fernando Po, H. Veitch, Esq. [P.}. v. Her. Ashantee. by (P w. Hgr. Sierra Leone. - Hart, Esq. [P.]. x,y. Ad. &hgr. W. Africa. ; z. ‘ — Sir J. Barrow [P.}.
(Type of O, barrowii.)
2. TYPHLOPs. 43
ih, al len a hi
44 TYPHLOPIDE.
67. Typhlops bibronii.
Onychocephalus bibronii, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. : t. pl. li. fig. 2 pl. liv. figs. 5-8 (1845). Af Be Snout very prominent, with angular but not trenchant edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semi- divided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second labial ; eyes distinct, below the suture between the ocular and the preocular ; prefrontal usually much larger than the supra- oculars and parietals, which are larger than the scales of the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 28 to 36 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, or broader than long, ending in a spine. 30 to 32 scales round the middle of the body, 32 to 34 anteriorly. Brown above, yellowish inferiorly. Total length 480 millim.
South Africa. a. Hgr. North of Latakoo. Sir A. Smith [P.]. (One of the types.
b. Ad. Lessooto. M. F, Lataste [P.]. e. Ad. Cafiraria. d, Ad, King Williamstown, J. P. M. Weale, Esq. {es e. Ad, King Williamstown. H. Trevelyan, Esq. [P.]. f. Ad. Port er biers Semate
- : Port Natal. v. H. Calloway [P.]. > AS 8S. Africa. Dr. quan |S -E vi a. Ad. 8. Africa. Chatham Museum.
68. Typhlops schlegelii.
Typhlops schlegelii, Biancont, Spec. Zool. Mosamb. p. 13, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1850) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 27, 1. 8, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1864) Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 99 (1882) ; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. NH. (6) ii. 1888, p. 189,
Onychocephalus schlegelii, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 82.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct, below the suture between the pra- ocular and the ocular; supraoculars and parietals larger than the
scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 25 to —
30 times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 40 (or 42) scales round the middle of the body, 38 anteriorly. Uniform olive-brown above, or parti-coloured yellow and olive- brown, the latter colour forming irregular blotches; lower parts uniform yellow. . Total length 380 millim.; reaches a length of 690 millim. South-east and Central Africa,
2. TYPHLOPS. 45
a. Ad. Delagoa Bay. 8, African Museum. b-c. Ad. & hgr. Lado. Dr. Emin Pasha [C.].
69. Typhlops delalandii- oe ao wy Abbild. p. 38, asa). 17-20 (1844) ;
Onychooe cophals i del: di Dam § vt Tse 273 (1844); Smith,
1. li. i“ & pL iv. rw ’(1845) ; Peters, Mon. erl. “an a, te : nas aie Oren t Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 182 (1845).
nid fod Grey Lc. p. 134. Typblope mattis, doo oo? ose p. 27, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 5 (1860).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, narrower than the nasal, about half as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second, or second and third labials ; eyes distinct ; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals usually subequal in size and larger than the scales of the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 35 to 50 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, or broader than long, ending in a spine. 28 to 30 scales round the middle of the body, 30 anteriorly. Pale brown above, each scale with a darker central spot, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim. South Africa. a-c, Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]. d. Ad. cere of oe Hope. RS P] 5 . & ye. ort Eliza cer ole gag iY Karroo. Trustece of the 8. thea Dr. Kaen swodberee (P: i-k, Ad. Orange River. annemeyer i, Ad. —- ee rs “Give 70. Typhlops dinga.
ere dinga, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, ns 620.
, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, hops dings, Petors Reise n, Mossamb. iii. p. Bol pl. xiv. fig. 1 "iL xiv. A. fig. 3 (1882).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below broader than long; nasal semi- divided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, a little narrower than the nasal or the ocular, i in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; prefrontal and supraoculars considerably larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 to 46 times in the total
46 TYPHLOPIDA.
length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 34 to 40 scales round the body. Rusty red above, with confluent black spots. Total length 685 millim. Mozambique.
71. Typhlops humbo. Typhlops (Onychocephalus) humbo, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi. 1886, p- 171.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below as broad as long ; nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, two thirds the width of the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second, or second and third labials ; eyes rather indistinct, below the - suture between the preocular and the ocular; prefrontal, supra- oculars, and parietals not or but slightly larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 35 or 37 (34 to 41) times in the total length ; tail broader than long, ending in a spine. 38 (or 36) scales round the middle of the body, 34 anteriorly. Dark olive above, irregularly dotted with pale olive; pale olive inferiorly, mottled with darker.
Total length 450 millim.; reaches a length of 775 millim.
Benguela and interior of East Africa.
a-b. Ad. Mpwapwa, 200 miles in interior of East Africa.
72. Typhlops mucruso.
Onvekorspbialics mucruso, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and 1860, p. 83. —— varius, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 82. ais Bocage, Jorn. Se, Lish. iv. 1878, p- 249. Typhlops CL riparius, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. reunde, 1
5 mucruso, Hee Reise n. Mossamb., iii. p. 95, pl. xiii. fig. 8 (1882).
—— varius, Peters, op. cit. p. 97, pl. xiv. fig. 2 & Ps xiv. A. fig. 1. —— riparius, Peters, op. cit, p. 98, pl. xiv. a. fig.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below as broad as long; nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the first labial ; preocular present, one half | to three fifths the width of the nasal or the ocular, in contact with : the second, or second and third labials; eyes distinct ; prefrontal a
and supraoculars a little larger than the ‘scales on the body. Dia- 4 meter of body 25 to 35 times in the total length; tail as long as ., broad or broader than long, ending in a spine. 30 to 36 (38) scales z
round the middle of the body, 32 to 34 anteriorly. Coloration - | of upper parts variable ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 480 millim. Tropical Africa south of the Equator.
2. TYPHLOPS. 47
A. Yellow or pale olive above, the scales with dark borders forming more or less regular longitudinal lines. (7. mucruso.)
a. Ad. Mouth of the Zambesi, Capt. eld [P.]. b-d. Her. Zambesi. Sir J. or C.}.
ef. Hgr.& yg. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.}.
g- fod: (imper- _E. Africa. Capt. Speke [P.}.
B. Intermediate between A and C, the dark longitudinal lines being distinct but with the addition of irregular small dark brown spots.
A. gr. Angola. Lieut. Cameron [P.}.
C. Yellowish above, with irregular blackish or dark brown blotches. (7. varius.)
iH. Her. Zanzibar. ‘ Sir J. Kirk [C.].
m. ioe Delagoa Bay. 8. African Museum [P. }.
73. Typhlops anomalus. <a anomalus, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1873, p. 248,
1. i. fig. ? Onychocephal crassa’ Peters, Sitzb. G Tyohion (Qnychonepals) erat, es, naturf
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided, the suture proceeding from the lateral border of the rostral ; preocular much narrower than the ocular ; eyes distinct, below the suture between the preocular and the ocular; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 20 times in the total length ; tail broader than long. 28 to 30 scales round the body. Uniform brown above; sides and lower parts yellow.
Total length 188 millim.
South-west Africa (Mossamedes ; Loango?).
.
74. Typhlops schinzi. -
Typhlops Soir schinzi, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887, p- 154, p
Snout strongly hooked, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, but not extending posteriorly to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial ; prwocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the third labial; eyes distinct; upper head-scales larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 45 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, ending inaspine. 26 scales round the middle of the body, 28 behind the * head. Yellowish, above with small black spots.
Total length 226 millim.
North Kalahari,
oe
48 TYPHLOPIDS.
75. Typhlops curvirostris. . os ar a curvirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1879, p. 776, pl. —. g. 5.
Snout very prominent, hooked, with obtusely angular horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part a little longer than broad and not extending back to the level of the eyes ; lower portion of the rostral a little longer than broad; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; pra- ocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ; supraoculars and parietals broad; four upper labials. Diameter of body 42 or 43 times in the total length ; tail nearly as long as broad, ending in a small spine. 24 scales round the body. Brown above, each scale with a light transverse streak anteriorly; snout and lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 210 millim. Queensland. a. Ad. Rockhampton.
76. Typhlops bicolor.
Onychocephalus bicolor, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 81. tN bicolor, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 31, 1. 4, pls. iv. & vy, fig. 3 1864).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part about half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad as long; nasal semidivided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preeocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; parietals broad ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 30 to 34 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending in a small spine. 22 scales round the body. Brown or dark olive above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 330 millim.
Southern Australia (Melbourne and Adelaide) and West Australia.
a, Hgr. W. Australia. Mr. Duboulay [C.]. b. Ad. Australia.
77. Typhlops bituberculatus.
Onychocephalus bituberculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 233, and 1867, p. 708, pl. —. fig. 4.
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and a knob-like prominence above the nostrils, which are inferior, Rostral large, more than half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes; nasal incompletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, much narrower than the
2. rypHiops. 49
nasal, a little narrower than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct ; parietals broad; four upper labials. Diameter of body 44 to 46 times in the total length; tail as long as broad or a little longer than broad. 20 scales round the body. Brown above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 320 millim. Australia *. a. Ad, Queensland. Indian Museum [E.].
78. Typhlops ung uirostris. hlops (Onychocephalus) unguirostris, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. Ter». 708, pl. — fig. 8. ;
Snout very prominent and somewhat hooked, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils; nasal swollen above the nostril. Rostral very large, extending nearly to the level of the eyes, the portion visible from below longer than broad; nasal nearly com- pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; pre- ocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes distinct; supraoculars and parietals much larger than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 62 (or 56) times in the total length; tail nearly as long as broad, with a minute terminal point. 22 er 24) scales round the body. Pale brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 500 millim.
North Australia.
a, Ad. N.W. Australia.
79. Typhlops affinis. (Pare III. fig. 3.) Typhlops affinis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 363.
This small 7’yphlops has been regarded by. Peters (Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 709) as the young of 7’. unguirostris, with which it agrees in every respect except in having only 18 scales round the body and a somewhat longer tail. Diameter of body 57 times in the total length.
Total length 170 millim. Queensland. a. Yg.? Queensland. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type.)
80. Typhlops arenarius.
Onychocephalus arenarius, Grandid. Ann. Sc. Nat, (5) xv. 1872, art. 20, p. 9.
Snout very prominent; nostrils inferior. Rostral large, with
* The specimen is stated to be from Adelaide ; a half-grown specimen from the Edward River, New South Wales, is preserved in the Zoological Museum of Cambridge University.
VOL. I. E
“ 3 = a a ‘
‘
50 TYPHLOPID®,
sharp horizontal edge, its upper portion about two fifths the width of the head, longer than broad and not extending to the level of the eyes; lower portion of rostral subtriangular, gradually nar- rowing towards the mouth; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial; preocular present, a little smaller than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; scales on vertex scarcely enlarged; fi upper labials. Diameter of body 52 to 68 times in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, ending in a spine. 20 scales round the body. Flesh-colour.
Total length 205 millim. . Madagascar.
a, Ad. Madagascar.
81. Typhlops multilineatus.
Typhlops multilineatus, Schleg. Abbild. p. 40, Ue xxxii. figs. 39-42 (1844); Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1860, p. 77; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 30, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 4 (1864).
Onychocephalus multilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 276 (1844).
Snout very prominent, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending to between the eyes, the portion visible from below as broad as long; nasal nearly com- pletely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; pre- ocular present, nearly as broad as the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct; prefrontal, supraoculars, and parietals much broader than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 50 to 60 times in the total length ; tail nearly twice as long as broad, ending ina spine. 20 scales round the body. Greyish, with dark brown longitudinal lines corre- sponding with the series of scales.
Total length 370 millim.
New Guinea and neighbouring Islands.
a, Ad. Kei Islands. Capt. Langen [P.].
82. Typhlops olivaceus, Onychophis olivaceus, Gray, Cat, Liz. p. 133 (1845). Onychocephalus olivaceus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1861, p. 684. -
Fyphlope (Onychocephalus) angusticeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 417, pl. —. fig. i"
Snout very prominent, with a narrow, subcrescentic sharp trans- verse edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part longer than broad and about three fifths the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad as long ; nasal nearly completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the first labial; preocular present, nearly as broad as the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes distinct ;
2. TYPHLOPS, 51
prefrontal considerably enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 50 to 68 times in the total length; tail twice and a half as long as broad, ending in a spine. 20 or 22 scales round the body. Pale brown, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 410 millim.
Philippines, Moluccas, North-west Australia.
a. Ad, eo H. Cuming, Esq. [C.]. (Type.) b, Ad. Myso
ec, Ad. Malay Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker.
ad. Yg. Champion Bay. Mr, Duboulay [C.].
83. Typhlops cumingii. (Prars III. fig. 4.)
Onychophis cumingii, Gray, Cat. Iz. p. 133 (1845). Onychocephalus cumingi, Boetty. Ber. Bench, Ges. 1886, p. 104.
Snout very prominent, with a narrow, subcrescentic sharp transverse edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral large, its upper part longer than broad and about half the width of the head, not extending to the level of the eyes, its lower part as broad as long; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, narrower than the nasal or the ocular, in contact with the third labial only; prefrontal not enlarged, parietals broad; eyes distinct; four upper labials. Diameter of body 48 to 52 times in the total length; tail four or five times as long as broad, endingin a spine. 24 scales round the body. Olive- brown above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 365 millim.
Philippines.
ab. Ad. &hgr. Philippines. © H. Cuming, Eaq. (C.}. lai Sir B. Belcher EP, } types.)
84. Typhlops simoni.
Onychocephalus simoni, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1878-79, p. 58, and 1880-8 , p- 135, pl. ili, fig. 1.
Snout very prominent, pointed, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Head-shields granulated; rostral very large, both upper and lower parts longer than broad ; nasal cleft extending from the first labial to the nostril, which is close to the rostral; preocular present, as large as the ocular, but much smaller than the nasal, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal and supraoculars larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 57 to 60 times in the total length ; tail slightly longer than broad, without terminal spine. 20 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 165 millim.
Palestine.
a, Ad.? Haifa. Senckenberg Museum [E.}.
B2
a oe ee a
52 rYPHLOPID A.
85. Typhlops crossii. (Pxarn III. fig. 5.)
Snout very prominent, obtusely pointed, with sharp cutting edge and inferior nostrils. Head-shields granulated ; rostral very large, its upper portion longer than broad, its lower portion as broad as long; nasal completely divided, the cleft proceeding from the second labial ; preocular present, as large as the ocular, but smaller than the nasal, in contact with the second and third labials; eyes not distinguishable ; prefrontal and supraoculars larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 54 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, without terminal spine, 22 scales round the body. Colourless. :
Total length 270 millim.
West Africa.
a, Ad. Asaba, 180 miles up the Niger. Dr. J. W. Crosse [P.].
86. Typhlops mirus. hlops mirus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 9,1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7 (1860) ; tinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 176, pl. xvi. fig. H (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. roids Ind, p. 126 (is7ey’ Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 240 (1890).
Snout round and moderately prominent ; nostrils lateral. Rostral broad, about half the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the first and second labials ; a praocular, nearly as large as the ocular, which is in contact with the fourth labial; a subocular separating the preocular and the ocular from the second and third labials; eyes indistinct ; upper head-scales a little larger than the scales on the body ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 43 to 60 times in the total length ; tail a little longer than broad, ending obtusely, with- out spine. 18 scales round the body. Brown above, snout and lower parts yellowish.
Total length 140 millim.
Ceylon.
a-b, c,d. Ad. Ceylon. e-f. Ceylon. Prof. G. B. Howes [P.].
87. Typhlops andamanensis. Typhlops andamanensis, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871 p. 428, pl. xxv: figs. 0-42; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 124 (1876) ; Bouleng. Foun. Ind., Rept. p. 241 (1890).
Snout round, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral. Width of rostral above about one third the width of the head; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the first and second labials; a prwocular, nearly as large as the ocular; _ both the latter shields separated from the lebials by a pair of sub- oculars ; eyes indistinct ; upper head-scales scarcely enlarged; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 40 times in the total length ;
2. TYPHLOPS, 53
tail twice as long as broad, very obtuse and terminating in a minute point. 18 scales round the body. General colour above shining deep brownish black, t he base of the scales being somewhat dull black; sides vinaceous; paler on the lower parts, which are throughout checkered with white; mouth and the tail below, including the tip, also mostly white.
Total length 165 millim.
Andaman Islands.
88. Typhlops ater. eh a ater, Schleg. Abbild. oy pl. xxxii. figs. 29-31 (1844);
§ Bibr. vi. p. 312 ( Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1865, ?: 263, ie fig. 4; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 878, p.
Anilios ? ater, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 136 (1845).
Snout rounded ; nostrils lateral. Rostral elongate, oval, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided, the cleft pro- ceeding from the second labial; a preocular, separated from the labials by a subocular; ocular in contact with third and fourth upper labials ; eyes distinct, under the suture between the preocular and the ocular; four upper labials. Diameter of body 68 times in the total length; tail about twice as long as broad, with a very small spine. 18 scales round the body. Black above, reddish brown inferiorly ; lower surface of head and anal region white.
Total length 136 millim.
Java ; Ternate.
89. Typhlops disparilis.
hlops disparilis, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 8,1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 6 (1860). Dinphowtyphtoys ‘disparilis, Peters, Sits. Ges. naturf, Fr. 188, p. 70.
Snout round, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral. Rostral narrow, extending to the level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior of which is small and in contact with the first and second labials ; a preocular, larger than the ocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; a subocular, separating the ocular from the labials; eyes distinguishable; upper head-scales slightly enlarged ; four upper labials. Diameter of body about 50 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 18 scales round the body. Uniform brownish..
Total length 300 millim.
Hab. ?
90. Typhlops microstomus. Typhlops microstomus, , Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 125; Bo- court, Miss. Se. Met, Rope p. 500 (1882). Snout rounded, flattened and very prominent; nostrils lateral. Preocular present, broader than the nasal, in contact with the second labial; a subocular, separating the ocular from the labials; eyes
oT ak
+
54 TYPHLOPID&.
distinguishable, under the suture between the preocular and the ocular ; supraocular larger than ocular ; four upper labials. Body slender, the scales in 18 rows; tail very short. Yellowish olive, brighter yellow posteriorly.
Total length 275 millim.
Yucatan.
91. Typhlops inornatus. (Pare III. fig. 6.) Typhlops inornatus, Bouleng: Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 344. Snout depressed, rounded, moderately projecting ; nostrils lateral.
-Rostral nearly half the width of the head, not extending to the
level of the eyes; nostril between two nasals, the anterior in contact with the first and second labials; preocular present, larger than the ocular, in contact with the second, third, and fourth labials ; ocular separated from the labials by a subocular ; eyes distinguishable ; upper head-scales feebly enlarged ; four upper labials, third largest. Diameter of body 438 times in the total length; tail a little longer than broad, ending in aspine. 20 scales round the body. Uniform black ; borders of mouth and end of tail yellowish.
Total length 170 millim,
New Guinea.
a. Sogere, 1750 feet. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [O.]. (Type.)
92. Typhlops pallidus. Letheobia pallida, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 322.
Snout rounded, strongly projecting; nostrils inferior. Rostral very large, its posterior border broadly truncate and in contact with the supraoculars and the prefrontal; nostril close to the rostral, between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first and second labials; a preocular, in contact with the second and third labials ; eyes not distinguishable; ocular small, separated from the labials by a subocular, and in contact with the nasal ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 58 to 60 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 180 millim.
Zanzibar. a, Ad. Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [Ck b. Ad. Zanzibar. Sir Lambert Playfair [P.}.
93. Typhlops lumbriciformis.
Onychocephalus (Letheobia) lumbriciformis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. _ 1874, p. 377. a?
_ Snout strongly projecting, with sharp horizontal edge; nostrils inferior, Rostral very large, its posterior border in contact with
2. TYPHLOPS. 55
the prefrontal, which is large ; nostril close to the rostral, between two nasals, the anterior of which is in contact with the first labial ; _Seampie very large, in contact with the second, third, and fourth
bials ; ocular in contact with the nasal, separated from the fourth labial by a subocular; eyes bidden ; four upper labials. Diameter of body 60 times in the total length ; tail rounded, a little longer than broad. 18 scales round the body. Colourless.
Total length 360 millim. Zanzibar. a. Ad. Zanzibar. Sir J, Kirk [C,}.
94. Typhlops cxcus. BL sa ig cecus, A. Dum, Rev, et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 462, xxi Sa Ra dameat ia p. 31, 1. 4, pls. iv. & v. fig. 7
Skackia once, Cope, Proc. Acad, Philad. 1868, p. 322.
Snout strongly projecting, with sharp horizontal edge; nostrils inferior. Rostral very large, its posterior border broadly truncate and in contact with the very broad prefrontal ; nostril touching the rostral, the nasal cleft very short and proceeding from the side of the rostral; preocular present, large, in contact with the second and third Jabials ; ocular small, smaller than the subocular, by which it is separated from the labials, in contact with the nasal ; eyes not distinguishable; four upper labials. Diameter of body 74 times in the total length ; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 22 scales round the body. Pale brownish.
Total length 370 millim.
Gaboon and Sierra Leone.
a, Ad. Sierra Leone. Dr. A. Giinther [P.].
95. Typhlops newtonii. foe O npenengnelae) newtoni, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. (2) ii. »p. 6
Closely allied to the preceding, but rostral rounded behind instead of truncate, preocular and ocular subequal in size, and scales in 28 rows. Uniform yellowish white.
Total length 400 millim. ; diameter of body 8; length of tail 6.
Theo das Rolas, south of St. Thomé, Gulf of Guinea.
96. Typhlops unitezniatus. PD ( FW Pyke uniteniatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1878, 205, pl. ii, fig. 5
wis very prominent, hooked, with sharp horizontal edge and inferior nostrils. Rostral very large, extending posteriorly far beyond
| : "
56 TYPHLOPID.
the level of the eyes; nasal extending over the eye, in contact with the ocular, which is small ; a preocular and a subocular ; eyes dis- tinguishable ; four upper labials, Diameter of body 62 or 68 times in the total length ; tail very short. 25 scales round the middle of the body, 27 anteriorly. Black, with a yellow vertebral stripe three scales wide ; a stripe on the rostral, lower surface of snout, and lips brownish yellow.
Total length 375 millim.
Somaliland and Zanzibar.
a, Ad. Mombasa. Mr, Last [C.].
97. Typhlops acutus. Onychocephalus acutus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. ey 333 (1844) ; Giinth. ept. Brit, Ind. p. 177, pl. xiv. fig. A (1864) ; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ae. 1865, p. 263; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 126 (1876). . Typhlops russellii (non Schleg.), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 182 (1845). se ig ps westermanni, Liitk. Vid. Meddel. 1862, p. 306, pl. i.
ypldngh cichicna, Jon, Tote. Gee 0g tab 4 i tk poe acutus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1881, p. 70. Typhlops acutus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 242 (1890).
Snout pointed and hooked, with sharp horizontal edge and inferior nostrils, Rostral very large, extending posteriorly far beyond the level of the eyes; nostrils close to the rostral; nasal extending over the eye, in contact with and nearly as broad as the ocular; a pre- ocular and a subocular; eyes distinguishable ; prefrontal and supra- oculars much broader than the scales on the body; four upper labials. Diameter of body 40 to 60 times in the total length ; tail as long as or shorter than broad, terminating in a spine. 28 to 34 scales round the middle of the body, 30 to 36 anteriorly. Pale brown above, each scale with or without a yellowish transverse streak ; yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 610 millim. India. a. Ad, India. Dr. P. Russell [P.]. (Type of T. russellit.) b. Yg. Aska, Ganjam. E, A. Minchin, Esq. [P.]. ec. Ad. Belgaum. Dr. Leith Bt df. Hgr. Bombay. Dr. Leith | P. |. g. Ad. Matheran, Dr. Leith | P.). h-i. Ad. Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. k. Ad. Malabar. Sir A. Smith | P. |. l,m. Ad. & hgr. Malabar. Col. Beddome [C. }. n. Ad. Nellumbar, Col. Beddome | C. |, (O. malabaricus, Bedd.) o. Ad, Palghat Hills, Col. Beddome | C.]. p. Her. Anamallays. Col, Beddome te: ’ q. Ad. Trichinopoly. Col, Beddome [C.}.
I - °.
eee —S
GLAUCONIIDE. 57 3. TYPHLOPHIS. Oe hn dp 88 0 § Bibr. vi. p. 314 (1844) ; Jan, Typhlophis, Peters, Siteb naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 69.
Head covered with uniform small mae nostril between two
very small nasals; rostral very small, not extending to the upper surface of the snout.
Brazil and Guiana.
1. Typhlophis squamosus. ee Schleg. Abbild. p. 36, pl. xxxii. figs. 9-12
copa is leucocephalus, Dum, § Bibr. vi. p. 315 (1844); Jan, eit. L. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 11 (1880 900). Geen) Yee, Anttion ? squamosus, Gray, Cat. = p. 136 (1845).
Typhlophis squamosus, Peters, /. ¢
Snout rounded, feebly projecting. Eyes distinguishable. Dia- meter of body about 40 times in the total length; tail as long as broad, ending in a spine. 24 scales round the body. Brown or black ; snout and end of tail yellowish.
Total length 130 millim.
Brazil and Guiana.
Fam, 2. GLAUCONIIDA. a rego—e Catodoniens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 317,
Typhlepside, (Glauconiina), Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 180, 1845. Ofotsrodoates Catodonien, Duméril, Mém, Ac. Se. xxiii. p. =,
Typhlop idee Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 9, 1863.
Ba, Cope, Proc. ‘de. Philad. 1964, » 280.
roca ers, Sitzb. Ges, naturf. pode 1881, p, 68, and Reise n. Mossamb, iii. p. 100, 1882.
aunmerengg® , Proe. Amer. Philos. Soe, xxiii. p. 481, 1886,
Glauconiide, B wer, Fi aun, Ind., Rept. p. 242, 1
Cranial bones solidly united ; no ectopterygoid ; sia not extending to quadrate or mandible ; no supratemporal ; prefrontal forming a suture with nasal; maxillary bordering the mouth, forming a suture with the preemaxillary, prefrontal, and frontal, toothless ; no teeth on palate. Lower jaw toothed; coronoid bone
mt. Pelvis present, consisting of ilium, pubis, and ischium ; the latter forming a ventral symphysis; a rudimentary femur. Body covered with uniform cycloid scales ; eyes under the shields.
Africa, South-western Asia, Southern North America, Tropical
America.
*
se
58 : GLAUCONIID A,
The Snakes of this Family bear a very close superficial resemblance to the T'yphlopide, from which they may be distinguished externally
Skull of Glauconia macrolepis (after Peters).
by the character of the nasal shield which, whether single or divided, — borders the lip, and by the eerere preanal.
1. ANOMALEPIS.
Anomalepis, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1861, p. 6, and Arch. Anat. Zool. Phys. i. 1862, p. 185, and Icon. Gén. Ophid. p- 6 (1864) ; Peters, — Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 69; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. ue Rept. p. 503 (1882).
A pair of large prefrontals and a frontal; nasal large and laters; semidivided, bordering the lip. Preanal scales enlarged.
Mexico.
This genus was referred by Jan to the 7yphlopide, but it does not appear from his descriptions that he ever examined the dentition. I therefore follow Garman (N. Am. Rept. p. 129, 1883) in placing it in the present family, as, judging from external characters, it appears to stand in the same relation to Glancoma as Helminthophis
to Typhlops.
7 —_ ot ’ eo = = Jee — a ee nn BE he ry lll “ay . +
oa Mt
2. GLAUCONTA. 59 - ‘
1, Anomalepis mexicana.
Anomalepis mexicanus, Jan, ll. ce. Icon, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. fig. 1 (1860) ; Bocourt, lc.
Snout rounded, moderately prominent; nostrils lateral ; rostral rather small; prefrontals and frontal subequal in size, the former forming a median suture; supracculars well developed; eye dis- tinguishable under the ocular ; two superposed preoculars, the lower in contact with the two labials ; two small suboculars; two upper labials. Diameter of body 32 times in the total length ; tail broader 3 than long, rounded. 22 scales round the body ; a pair of enlarged preanals. Reddish brown, lighter inferiorly, the scales with a | yellowish-white border.
Total length 130 millim. Mexico.
2. GLAUCONIA. 4
Stenostoma (non Latr.), Wagler, in Spix, og! Bras. p. 68 (1824); . Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 322 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. . 34 (1864); Peters, Sitzh. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 71, and ise n, Mossamb, iii. p. 102 (1882); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Typhiops, oh Wesker Syst. A 195 (1830) ops, part., Wag st. h. Dp. ( : Grtodon (rom Z.), Dum. § Bibr. vi p. 818. Glauconia, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 189 (1845); Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 2483 (1890); Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 589. Epictia, Gray, /. c. : Rena, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 142 (1853); Cope, 1. e. . 590. Sabrina, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 181. en (non Wagl.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, Trcheilostoma, Jan, l.e. Tetracheilostoma, Jan, /. c. he 191. Siagonodon, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr.1881, p.71; Bocourt, 1. c. 507
Lanbokyphlops, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiy. 1891, p. 501,
Rostral, nasal, and ocular large; frontal small, scale-like; nasal divided or semidivided, extending on each side of the rostral to the upper surface of the head, bordering the lip. Praanal scale e
Africa, South-western Asia, America.
Synopsis of the Species. 3
I. Supraocular present, the ocular being separated from its fellow, B on the top of the head, by three shields. 5
A. Ocular bordering the lip, separated from the lower part of the / a nasal by a single labial. Se
1, Snout hooked, the preoral portion flat or concave inferiorly, %
60 GLAUCONIID.
a. Diameter of body more than 100 times in the total length.
1. macrorhynchus,
[p. 61.
b. Diameter of body less than 100 times in the total length. Gnoub rounded ....< (045 tens eue d6 DOE Oe 2. distanti, p. 62. Snout with angular horizontal edge...... 3. rostrata, p. 62.
2. Snout not hooked.
a. First labial reaching, or nearly reaching, the eye.
Anterior labial broader than the lower
border of the ocular ................ 4. affinis, p. 62. Anterior labial narrower than the lower
border of the ocular; nasal completely
divided Wwt6 PHe- oo fake cen atewen 5. albifrons, p. 63. Anterior labial narrower than the lower
border of the ocular; nasal semidivided. 6. goudotii, p. 64.
b. First labial not reaching the eye.
a. Supraocular nearly twice as broad as long, followed by a single transversely enlarged shield.
Nasal divided; length of tail 9 times in
Tat OGRE ODOUR fn ica sy seo nies eee 7. emini, p. 64. Nasal semidivided ; length of tail 13 times BIE SPIO ARON Ne vie as ph wml sos SR ea 8. signata, p. 64.
f. Supraocular small.
* Diameter of body 40 to 57 times in the total length; rostral not twice as broad as the nasal, not extending to the level of the posterior border of the eyes.
+ First labial smaller than the lower part of the nasal ; first median head-shield considerably longer than broad .... 9. dimidiata, p. 64.
++ First labial smaller than the lower part of the nasal ; first median head-shield not or but slightly longer than broad,
Length of tail 17 to 20 times in the total
WORPIA 5 iss s.> + + sous be kaa lie een 10. dulcis, p. 65. Length of tail 25 to 30 times in the total
MONG. 50. 4.s i Re eee eee 16. brevicauda, P- 67. Length of tail 8 to 13 times in the total
length PT er i ee ee _-17. nigricans, p. 67.
+t First labial as large as the lower part of the TASB) o's 9.0.6 cy 11. meget, p. 65,
2. GLAUCONTA. 61
** Diameter of body 60 to 90 times in the total length ; rostral not extending to the level of the posterior border of the eyes,
t+ Nasal semidivided.
First labial not one fourth the size of the ee ny 12. cairi, p. 65. First labial nearly half the sizeof the second. 13. fitzingeri, p. 66.
+t Nasal completely divided into two.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as the nasal. 14. blanfordii, p. 66. Rostral but little broader than the nasal... 15. longicauda, p. 66.
*** Diameter of body 47 to 80 times in the total length ; rostral extending to the level of the posterior border of the eyes.
Rostral not twice the width of the nasal ..° 18. conjuncta, p. 67. Rostral at least twice the width of the nasal. 19. scutifrons, p. 68.
B. Ocular bordering the lip, separated from the lower part of the nasal by two labials.
1. Supraocular large, as broad as the shields following. 20. sundevallii, p. 68.
2. Supraocular small.
Second labial small, not larger than first .. 21. bicolor, p. 69. Second labial larger than first, not reaching
RI Sin GEN n. 6 a 0.008 es ose akeue ones 22. macrolepis, p. 69. Second labial larger than first, reaching the
SEED anie-se. dics ety uecessees's 23. myopica, p. 69: °
C. Ocular not reaching the lip. Three upper labials, second largest ...... 24. dissimilis, p. 70. Four upper labials, fourth largest ...... 25. bilineata, p. 70.
II. No supraocular, the ocular being separated from its fellow, on the top of the head, by a single shield.
First labial reaching the eye .......... 26. humilis, p. 70. First labial not reaching the eye ........ 27. septemstriata, p. 71.
1. Glauconia macrorhynchus, Stenostoma gaa eR Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 190, and Icon, Gén. p. 89, 1. 1, pls. v. & vi. a (1864). Glauconia macrorhynchus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Snout prominent, hooked, the preoral portion concave inferiorly ; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided ; ocular bordering the lip, between
a ee
62 GLAUOCONTID.
two labials, the first of which is very small. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 113 times in the total length; length of tail 10 times. Colourless.
Total length 170 millim.
Nubia, Euphrates (?). A
a-b. Euphrates Expedition.
2. Glauconia distanti.
Glauconia distanti, Bouleng. in Distant, Natur. in the Transvaal, p- 175, fig. (1892).
Snout rounded, projecting beyond the mouth, slightly hooked, the prworal portion concave inferiorly ; supraocular present; rostral shield very large, extending posteriorly far beyond the level of the eyes, its upper portion nearly as broad as long and covering almost the entire upper surface of the snout and crown ; nasal completely divided into two, the lower part very small; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which is very small; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 65 times in the total length ; length of tail12times. Uniform blackish, the borders of the scales lighter.
Total length 130 millim.
. Transvaal.
6 ha Protoria. W. L. Distant, Esq. [P.]. (Type.)
38. Glauconia rostrata.
Stenostoma rostratum, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lis, xi. 1886, p. 173. Glauconia rostrata, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Snout prominent, slightly hooked, with sharp horizontal edge ; supraocular present ; rostral broad, its posterior extremity truncate and extending beyond the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 64 times in the total length; cena of tail16 times. Light brown above, the borders of the scales ighter. :
Total length 192 millim.
’ Benguela and Angola.
a. Hgr. Angola. Lieut. Cameron [P.].
4, Glauconia affinis. (Pxare III. fig. 7.) Stenostoma affine, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xiii. 1884, p. 896.
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small ; rostral not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; — ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which reaches the eye and is broader then the lower part of the ocular ; six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body
oer eee
>
2. GLAUCONIA. 63
51 times in the total length ; length of tail 13 times. Brown above, each scale darker in the centre ; whitish inferiorly.
_ Total length 205 millim. Venezuela. a. Ad. Tachira, Venezuela. (Type.)
5. Glauconia ps; ep
Stenostoma pagar Wagl. in §; TT p- 68, pl. xxv. ye F (1824); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 3 27 ; 20M. Voy. Am. ml 4 v., Rept. eri pl. vi. . 1-6 (184 ); Jin, Icon. “a p- 34, 1. 2, r
Typhloy albitons Shen” Abbild. p. 36 (1844). —— tesselatum, Tschudi, Faun. Per., Herp. as 46 (1845). undecimstriata, sie Cat. Liz. Zot eae 2 Stenostoma fallax, Peters, Mon. Berl. 1857, . Sabrina tessellata, Girard, Proce, Ac. Philad. 1eBF, . 181. , Stenostoma melanosterna, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 350. | —— phenops, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, p. aT
Snout rounded; supraocular present, large, in contact with or separated from the first labial; rostral extending hardly to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials ; six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 45 to 55 times in the total length; length of ail 15 to 21 times. Brown, lighter beneath, each scale with lighter outer edges, forming more or less distinct longitudinal lines ; forehead, lips, and end of tail usually white.
Total length 275 millim.
Tropical America, from Tehuantepec and the Lesser Antilles to Peru and Argentina.
a. Her. Tehuantepec.
b. . Santo Domingo de Guzman. am a C. Buller [C.]. '
ce. : Ruatan, 8. Mexico. Godman & O, - & yg. Jala a yet ;
fe ” Veusovili: ere
i-k, Ad. Trinidad. Sir A. Smith [P.].
i-m. Her. Grenada.
n. : Antigua.
0. Cayenne.
p. Her. Santa Martha, Brazil.
q- Ad. Corumba, Matto Grosso, 8. Moore, Esq. [P.
r. Ad. Palmeira, Parana. Dr. G. F. Grillo [C.]
s. Ad. Santarem, Up oop W. Bates, Esq. cs
t. Ad. Moyobamba, A. H. Roff, Esq. | C.
u. Yg. Lima. ©. Darwin, Esq. [P.].
v. Yg. Lima. Prof. W. Nation [P.
a te tien R, Ha P
&. ‘ of Soriano, Uruguay. Vv LP,
a-e. Ad. & yg a Rsnerion. E. Cools tiny FEY }
64 GLAUCONTID2E.
6. Glauconia goudotii.
Stenostoma goudotii, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 380 (1844) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. p- 35, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 2 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present ; rostral extending to between the eyes ; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which reaches the eye. 14 scales round the body. Length of tail 21 times in the total length. Blackish, each scale edged with lighter.
Total length 145 millim.
Magdalena Valley, Colombia.
7. Glauconia emini. (Ptare ITI. fig. 8.) Glauconia emini, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 91.
Snout rounded ; supraocular large, nearly twice as broad as long, followed by a single large transverse shield; rostral a little broader — than the nasal, not extending quite to between the eyes; nasal completely divided; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which equals the lower portion of the nasal in size ; six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 55 times in the total length; length of tail 9 times. Uniform blackish.
Total length 110 millim.
Central Africa. a-b, Ad. Karagwe, Victoria Nyanza. Dr. Emin Pasha [P.]. (Types. ec. Ad. Niomkolo, Tanganyika. A, Carson, tisg, [P.].
8. Glauconia signata.
Stenostoma ee Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 188 and Icon. Gén. p. 36, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 3 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, large, followed by a single large transverse shield ; rostral extending to between the eyes; nasal semidivided ; ooular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which is small and does not reach the eye. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 65 times in the total length, length of tail 13 times. Blackish, dorsal scales edged with white.
Total length 130 millim.
Hab. ?
,
9. Glauconia dimidiata. Stenostoma dimidiatum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, Ps 188, and Icon, Gén. p. 36, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 4 (1864).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small, not larger than the median head-shield, which is considerably longer than broad; rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided
2. @LAUCONIA. 65
into two ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which does not reach the eye. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 47 times in the total length, tail 14 times. Pale reddish brown above, the scales edged with white.
Total length 280 millim.
10. Glauconia dulcis.
Rena dulcis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Amer. _ p. 142 (1853), and Rep. Explor. Surv. x. 1859, pl. xxxiii. fg. 100.
Stenostoma dulce, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 305; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, i..1862, p. 189, and Icon, Gén. p. 36, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 5 (1864) ; Bocourt, Miss, So. Mer., Rept, p, 506, pl xxix. fig. 8 (1882); Garman, N. Am. Rept. i. pp. 5, 130 (1883).
—— rubellum, Garman, 1. c. p. 130.
a ama a dulcis, Stejneyer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891,
Gihuconia dulcis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. xiv. 1892, p. 590.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which does not reach the eye; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 44 to 60 times in the total length, length of tail 17 to 20 times. Pale brown above, white below.
Total length 220 millim.
Florida, Texas, Mexico.
a-d,e. Ad. &hgr. Duval County, Texas. |W. Taylor, Esq. [C.}
11. Glauconia narirostris.
— narirostre, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 708, pl. —. Glaiconin narirostris, Boweng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92. Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral hardly as broad as the nasal, extending to the level of the eyes; nasal com- y divided into two, the nostril close to the rostral; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which equals the lower part of the nasal in size and does not reach the eye; six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 49 times in the total length, length of tail 84 times. Brown above, whitish inferiorly. Total length 195 millim. Lagos, West Africa.
a. Ad, W. Africa.
12. Glauconia cairi. Stenostoma cairi, Dum. § Bibr. a 323 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 37, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. eS ). Glauconia cairi, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92. VOL. I. v
7
} ,
2% ee
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the first of which is extremely small, not one fourth the size of the second; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 65 to 90 times in the total length, length of tail 14 or 15 times. Pale reddish or purplish brown above, whitish beneath.
Total length 190 millim.; reaches to 235 millim.
Egypt.
a, Ad. Island of Rhoda, near Cairo. = Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. b-c. Ad. Luxor. x Dr. J. Anderson [P. }.
d. Her. Thebes. Prof. Peters [P.
13. Glauconia fitzingeri.
Stenostoma fitzingeri, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. ray oy i. 1862, p. 189, and Icon. Gén, p. 37,1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 7 (1864).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which does not reach the eye. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 80 times in the total length, length of tail 13 times. Greyish, lighter inferiorly.
Total length 160 millim.
Rhodes,
14. Glauconia blanfordii. Glauconia blanfordii, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 248, fig. (1890).
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral nearly twice as broad as the nasal, reaching nearly the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the first of which is very small; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 60 to 70 times in the total length, length of tail 12 to 14 times, Pale brownish.
Total length 240 millim.
Sind. f
a-e. Ad. & yg. Sind. Dr. Leith [P.]. (‘Types.)
15. Glauconia longicauda.
Stenostoma longicauda, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 102, pl. xv. fig. 5 (1882).
—— longicauda, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92. ;
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small, followed by a single transversely enlarged (postocular) shield; rostral extending to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided into two ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the first of which is very small. 14
2. GLAUCONIA. 67
] scales round the body. Diameter of body 70 times in the total | length, length of tail 9 times. Flesh-colour.
Total length 208 millim.
Mozambique.
16. Glauconia brevicauda. Stenostoma brevicauda, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. xi, 1887, p. 194. — brevicauda, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Resembles S. nigricans, but differs in the narrower rostral and much shorter tail, which measures hardly twice its basal diameter and is contained 25 to 30 times in the total length. Diameter of body 57 times in the total length. Chocolate-brown above, greyish white inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim.
Dahomey and Ashantee, West Africa.
a. Ad, Ashantee.
17. Glauconia nigricans. vee) nigricans, Schleg. Abbild. p. 38, pl. xxxii. figs. 21-24
Stenostoma nigricans, Dum. § Bibr. vi. & 326 (1844).
Glauconia nigricans, Gray, Cat. Liz. - 39 (1845).
Stenostoma nigricans, part Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., _ pls. li. fig. 4, & ivi 25 (1846) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 38, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 8 (1864) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 102 (1883),
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small; rostral as broad as or a little broader than the nasal, extending to the level of the anterior border of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which is very small; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 40 to 53 times in the total length, length of tail 8 to 13 times. Brown or blackish, the scales edged with lighter.
Total length 160 millim. South Africa, a. Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Sir A. Smith [P.]. b. Ad. Cape of Good Hope. Dr, J. Lee [P.). e. Ad. Port Elizabeth. A. E. Craven, Esq. [P.). d. capes specs., Port Elizabeth. J.P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.}. & e-f. Ad. rs hgr. Port Elizabeth, H, A. Spencer, Esq. [P.).
18. Glauconia conjuncta.
Stenostoma nigricans, part., Smith, Il. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. liv. fig. 21 (1846) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 38 (1864); Peters, Heise n. ossamb. iii. p. 102 (1882). —— conjunctum, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. i. 1861, p. 189, and Icon. . 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 9 (1861). ¥F2
° — - « ee se eee
——— TT . a ne,
5 a Se ~ 2a ‘ \ ‘ _ Py Ee e
_
68 GLAUVOCONIID A, ? Stenostoma groutii, Cope, Journ, Ac. Philad, (2) viii. 1876, p. 128. Glauconia conjuncta, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag: ot (6) vi 1800,
p. 92. .. .
This form connects S. nigricans with S. scutifrons. Rostral not + twice the width of the nasal, extending to or slightly beyond the 7 level of the posterior border of the eyes. Diameter of body 47 to — * 60 times in the total length, length of tail 9 to 12 times. “ue
Total length 155 millim. a South and East Africa. bs | a-c. Ad. & hgr. 8. Africa. ae d. Ad. S. Africa. es e. Hgr. Natal. . S-g. Ad. & yg. Kilimanjaro. | 7 19. Glauconia scutifrons. .
Stenostoma scutifrons, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 621, and : 3 1865, p. 261, pl. —. fig. 5, and Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 104, pl. xv. 4 fig. 4 (1882). M
Glauconia scutifrons, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, 4 p. 92.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral very large, at least thrice as broad as the nasal, extending to the level of the posterior border of the eyes or a little beyond; nasal completely - divided into two ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the 7 anterior of which is extremely small; five lower labials. 14 scales _— round the body. Diameter of body 60 to 80 times in the total length, length of tail 12 to 20 times. Brown or blackish above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 170 millim.
Mozambique, Damaraland, Benguela.
a-b, Ad. Benguela. J. J. Monteiro, Esq. [C.}. ,
cS te
20. Glauconia sundevallii. _ | Stenostoma sundevalli, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, p. 191, a and Icon. Gén, p. 40, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 11 (1 : ) — sundevallii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, = p- . “4 ' an “. i
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, large, as broad as the shield following; rostral not extending quite to the level of the eyes; nasal semidivided; ocular bordering the lip; three labials, two in front of, and one behind, the ocular; second labial twice as large as first, reaching the eye and forming a suture with the supraocular. _ 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body.42 timesin the total = = = length, length of tail 173 times. Dark reddish brown above, light — greyish inferiorly. '
Total length 105 millim. @
West Africa. Wet .
2. GLAUCONIA, 69
z 21. Glauconia bicolor.
7 Stenostoma bicolor, Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. v. fig. 15 (1860), and p. 40
z. Pe =4 and Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1862, P 191; Peters, Arch. + Nat. 1862, p. 40; Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1886, p. 59.
—— gracile, Jan, op. cit. pls. v. & vi. fig. 14. Gluudala'beclor, Boulens. Aun. @ ites, N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 92.
Snout rounded; supraocular present, small; rostral extending
nearly to the level of the eyes ; nasal completely divided into two ; ocular bordering the lip; three labials, two in front of, and one
behind, the ocular; first and second labials very small, subequal in
size. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 50 to 65 times in the total length, length of tail 20 to 26 times. Dark brown * above, yellowish inferiorly.
Total length 125 millim.
| Gold Coast.
a, Her. Fantee. T. E. Bowditch, Esq. [P.].
22. Glauconia macrolepis.
Stenostoma macrolepis, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1857, p. 402; Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 40, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 10 (1864).
Snout rounded ; supraocular present, small ; rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip ; three labials, two in front of, and one behind, the ocular ; second labial not reaching the eye; six lower labials. 14 ‘scales round the body. Diameter of body 41 times in the total length, length of tail 14 (to 154) times. Dark brown above, lighter beneath, each scale with lighter border.
Total length 290 millim. Venezuela. a, Ad. Venezuela,
23. Glauconia myopica. Stenostoma myopicum, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 6 (1883).
Snout rounded; sypraocular present, small; rostral extending to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip ; three labials, two in front of, and one behind, the ocular; second labial reaching nearly the eye; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 50 times in the total length, length of tail 16 to 20 times. Pale brown above, whitish
inferiorly. Total length 200 millim. Mexico. a, Ad. Tampico. Messrs. Godman & Salvin [P.}.
b-c, Ad. Mexico,
70 GLAUCONIID.
24. Glauconia dissimilis.
Stenostoma dissimile, Bocage, Jorn, Sc. Lisb. xi, 1886, p. 174. a dissimilis, B gy. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. v2.
Snout rounded; supraocular present; nasal completely divided ; three upper labials, second largest and separating the ocular from the mouth. Diameter of body 42 times in the total length, length of tail 114 times.
Total length 104 millim.
White Nile.
25. Glauconia bilineata. hlops bilineatus, Schleg. Abbild. p. 36, pl. xxxii. figs. 5-8 (1844), SUnoctome bilineatum, Dum. & Bitr. vi. p. 881 (1844); Ton Toon Gén. p. 41, 1. 2, pls. v. & vi. fig. 12 (1864).
Snout rounded; supraocular present; rostral rather small,
narrower than the nasal, not extending to the level of the eyes;
nasal completely divided into two; ocular not descending to the lip; four upper labials, fourth largest; six lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 36 times in the total length, length of tail 14 times. Yellowish, each dorsal scale with a large reddish-brown spot ; a yellowish dorso-lateral line.
Total length 110 millim.
Guadeloupe, Martinique, Barbados.
a, Ad, Martinique. b. Her. Barbados. Col. Feilden [P.}.
26. Glauconia humilis.
Rena humilis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 143 (1853) ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 501.
Stenostoma humile, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 305 ; Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 130 (1883).
Catodon dugesii, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iv. 1881, p. 81.
ig yee Sages, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 507, pl. xxix.
g. i
Stenostoma tenuiculum, Garman, l. ¢. p. 5.
Rena dugesii, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 64.
—— tenuicula, Cope, I. ¢. p. 91.
Snout rounded; no supraoculars, the oculars being separated
from each other, on the top of the head, by a single shield; rostral:
extending nearly to the level of the eyes; nasal completely divided into two; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which nearly reaches the eye; five lower labials. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 47 to 55 times in the total length, length of tail 17 (15-23) times. Brown above, whitish inferiorly.
‘ ee
Total length 190 millim. Arizona, Lower California, and Western Mexico.
a-b, Ad. Presidio, near Mazatlan. Mr. Forrer {C.].
27. Glauconia septemstriata.
Typhlops septemstriatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 341 (1801).
Catodon septemstriatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 319 (1844).
See 18 cl YF —” Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 39, 1.1, pls. v. & vi.
Siagonodon septemstriatus, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. natu. Freunde, 1881, p. 71; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 507 (1882).
Snout rounded; no supraoculars, the oculars being separated from each other, on the top of the head, by a single shield; rostral truncate above, extending to between the eyes; nasal completely divided into two ; ocular bordering the lip, between two labials, the anterior of which is very small. 14 scales round the body. Diameter of body 45 times in the total length, length of tail 28 times. Yellowish, with seven black lines along the dorsal scales,
Total length 280 millim.
Hab. ——?
Fam. 3. BOIDA.
Constrictores, , Ordn. . p. 49, 1811.
Pythonoidea, ree , Neue Classif. Rept. p. 27, 1826.
Colubrini, part., Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 510. :
Macrostomata, part. (Holodonta, onta, part.), J. Miiller, Zeitschr. F. Physiol. iv. p. 270, 1831.
Boide, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 41, 1842. :
ee Pythoniens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 358,
Boide, part., Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 82, 1849.
Aglyphodontes Holodontiens, part., Aprotérodontiens, part., Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. pp. 424, 428, 1853.
Asinea, part. (Peropoda}, Stannius, Zool. Amph. p. 6, 1856.
Bowidw, Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 19, 1863.
Pythonidew, Boide, , Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Pythonide, Erycidw, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. pp. 328, 332, 1864.
Peropodes, Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 105, 1882.
Pythonide, Boidw, Charinide, Cope, Am. Nat. 1886, p. 294, and Proc. Amer. Philos, Soc. xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Boidee, Boulenger, Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 234, 1890.
Maxillary, palatine, and pterygoid movable; transpalatine present ; _ pterygoid extending to quadrate or mandible; supratemporal present, attached scale-like to cranium, suspending quadrate ; prefrontal in contact with nasal, Mandible with coronoid bone. Teeth in both jaws. Vestiges of pelvis and hind limbs, usually terminating in a claw-like spur visible on each side of the vent.
s Bas al) i a ae
South-eastern Europe, Central and South Asia, Africa, Australia, Western North America, Central and South America, and West Indies,
Skull of Python amethystinus.
Synopsis of the Subfamilies and Genera. I. Supraorbital bone present ..... . PYTHONINA A. Premaxillary bone toothed ; subcaudals mostly in two rows.
1. Tail not or but very slightly prehensile; rostral shield without or with shallow pits.
No labial pits ; nostril lateral, in a single nasal ; no loreal. 1. Loxocemus, p. 74.
Lower labials with pits ; nostril lateral, between two nasals. 2. Nardoa, p. 75.
BOID®. 73
Lower labials with pits; nostril supero-l§jteral, in a semidivided
ER Liasis, p. 76. 2. Tail prehensile ; rostral and anterior upper labials deeply yh As 4, Python, p. 80.
B. Premaxillary bone toothless. Palate toothed; labials pitted; tail prehensile, with two rows of eee Ee 5. Chondropython, p. 90.
Palate toothed; no labial pits; tail not or but very slightly prehensile, with the subcaudals ‘mostly single,
6. Aspidites, p. 91. Palate toothless; no labial pits; no mental groove; tail not pre-
hensile ; subcaudals single ...... 7. Calabaria, p. 92. IL. No supraobital bone; no premaxillary teeth; subcaudals mostly single ...............- BOIN A.
A. Head distinct from neck ; tail more or less prehensile. 1, Anterior teeth very strongly enlarged.
Seales smooth ; head with shields ; labials without or with shallow Baas wipes bine e sw Ve OOK 8. Epicrates, p. 93.
Scales smooth ; labials withdeep pits. 9. Corallus, p. 99. Seales keeled ; no labial pits........ 10. Enygrus, p. 104. 2. Maxillary and mandibular teeth gradually decreasing in size. a. No enlarged rostral shield ; scales strongly keeled. 1h she. p. 109. - b. An enlarged rostral shield. a. Scales moderate, in 21 to 29 rows. One or two pairs of prefrontal shields, 12. Ungalia, p. 110. A large azygous prefrontal shield.... 13. Ungaliophis, p. 114. B. Scales very small. Scales smooth ; nasals in contact behind the rostral, 14. Eunectes, p. 115. Seales smooth ; nasals separated by small scales ; tail short. 15. Boa, p. 116. Scales keeled; nasals separated by a pair of internasals ; tail long. 16. Casarea, p. 121. B. Head not distinct from neck; tail not or but slightly prehensile. 1. Scales tri- or quinquecarinate ; snout with large shields ; rostral moderate.......... 17. Bolieria, p. 121.
74 BOIDE.
2. Seales smooth or unicarinate.
Head covered with small scales ; rostral large. 18. Eryx, p. 122.
Head covered with small scales; rostral moderate, deeper than to Pee ee tek re Oe 19. Lichanura, p. 129.
Head covered with large shields ; rostral large. 20. Charina, p. 130.
Subfam. 1. PYTHONINZ..
Pythonina, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 48, 1842. aodoniens (Pythonides), Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 381, Pythonina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 82, 1849. Pythones, Loxocemi, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304. Erycides, part., icine Jan, Icon, Gén. Ophid. p. 64, 1864. Loxocemina, Pythonina, Chondropythonina, Boulenger, Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1879, p. 147. a ca Chondropythoninez, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 244, 90.
Supraorbital bone present.
1. LOXOCEMUS.
Loxocemus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, pp.76 & 304; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 514 (1882).
Plastoseryx, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 242, and Icon. Gén. p. 65. (1864).
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head not distinct from neck, covered with symmetrical shields; rostral large and projecting; no loreal shield, preefrontals in contact with labials ; nostrils lateral, in a small nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a pair of internasals; frontal in contact with an azygous occipital shield. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylin- drical; scales moderate, smooth. Tail short, conical, not prehensile; subcaudals in two rows.
Mexico.
1. Loxocemus bicolor.
Loxocemus bicolor, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 76; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 55, and Zool. Rec, 1864, Peace Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 515, pl. xxx. fig. 5 (1882).
Plastoseryx bronni, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 244, and Icon. Gén. p. 66, 1. 3, pl. i. (1864), Pye
Loxocemus sumichrasti, Bocourt, Journ. de Zool. vy. 1876, p. 344.
—— bronni, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 516, pl. xxx. fig. 6.
Snout very prominent. Rostral broader than deep, the portion
2. NARDOA. 75
visible from above measuring one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, separating the parietals, and in contact with the occipital ; supraocular small; one pre- and two or three postoculars ; ten or eleven upper labials, fourth and fifth, or fifth and sixth entering the eye (or separated from it by a subocular). Scales in 31 to 33 rows. Ventrals 250-265; anal divided; sub- caudals 39-47. Reddish or purplish brown above, uniform or with ae scattered small yellowish spots, uniform yellowish white benea
Total length 880 millim.; tail 90.
Southern Mexico. a-b. 2 (V. 263, 252; Tehuantepec. FF. Sumichrast [C.].
C. 44, 39). e. Hgr. (V. 256; C. 47). ——? ai en Conyngham, Esq. P.1.
} \ ve | \ | 4
Skull of Nardoa boa,
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837). Nardoa, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell, p. 45 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 93 1849). Nanton, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén, vi. p. 444 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p- 99 (1864).
- =
7." BOIDE.
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size ; anterior mandibular teeth very large. Head slightly distinct from neck, covered with symmetrical shields ; nostrils lateral, between two small nasals, which are separated from their fellows by a pair of internasals; some of the lower labials pitted. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body slightly compressed ; scales moderate, smooth. Tail rather short, conical, not or but slightly prehensile ; subcaudals mostly in two rows.
New Ireland.
1. Nardoa boa. i an. Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 22 (1887), and Abbild, pl. xiii. Nardoa Shep Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 45 (1842); Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p. 447 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 93 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 99, 1. 7, pl. vi. ig. 2 (1864). ; —— boa, F. Miller, Verh. nat. Ges, Basel, vii. 1882, p. 168, Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, not visible from above; internasals broader than long, two fifths to one third the length of the preefrontals ; latter, one pair ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad ; two pairs of parietals; a small loreal; a very large preocular ; two postoculars; ten to twelve upper labials, two or three of which enter the eye ; three or four of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 35 to 38 rows. Ventrals 245-267; anal entire; subcaudals 47-52. Young with alternate black and orange rings; adult brown with black rings, or nearly uniform blackish brown ; head black, with a light spot behind the eye. Total length 950 millim.; tail 120. New Ireland.
a, b, c, d-f. Ad. (V. 251, Duke of York Is, Rey. G. Brown [C.]. 252, 267; ©. 52, ?, ?) & yg. (V. 248, 246,
245; C. 50, 48, 51). g. Ad., skel. Duke of York Is. Rey. G. Brown [C.].
3. LIASIS.
Liasis, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 44 (1842).
Nardoa, part., Gray, l. c. p. 45, and Cat. Sn. p. 98 (1849).
Liasis, part., Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. 31 (1844); Gray, Cat.
p- 91; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 98 (1864) Lisalia, Gray, Cat. p. 92. Leiopython, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 14. Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular
teeth very long, gradually decreasing in size, Head distinct from neck, covered with symmetrical shields; nostrils supero-lateral, in a large semidivided nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a pair of internasals; rostral and upper labials without or with shallow pits ; some of the lower labials pitted. Eye moderate or rather small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical or slightly
me
IR Ry eae
3. LIASIs. 77
compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate or short, not or but very slightly prehensile ; subcaudals all or greater part in two rows.
Flores, Timor, Papuasia, North Australia.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Several small loreal shields ; rostral not pitted; scales in 41 to 45 rows; ventrals 257-287 ; subcaudals 38-53. 1. childreni, p. 77.
II. A single large loreal shield. A. Rostral not pitted ; two pairs of prefrontals. Scales in 47 to 49 rows; ventrals 275-291 ;
Pl EY) i ey > 2. fustus, p. 78. Scales in 69 to 75 rows ; ventrals 349-361 ; subcaudals 100-102.............+.2-. 3. olivaceus, p. 79.
B. A pit or groove on each side of the rostral.
1, Two pairs of prefrontals ; scales in 53 to 55 rows; ventrals 292-302 ; subcaudals 88-94 .... 4. mackloti, p. 79.
2. A single pair of prefrontals. Scales in 49 to 55 rows; ventrals 262-284 ;
subcaudals 62-79... ...........0ee00e: 5. albertisi, p. 80. Scales in 65 to 69 rows; ventrals 358-363 ; . subcaudals 85-88 ........00.-eeeees 6. papuanus, p. 80.
1. Liasis childreni. (Puartx IV. fig. 1.) Liasis childreni, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 44 (1842); Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 438 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849). Nardoa gilbertii, Gray, Zool. Miscell, p. 45, and Cat, p. 93. Liasis maculosus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 608; Peters § ia, Ann, Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 403; Tt Miilter, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 677. ;
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a little longer than broad, two thirds to three fifths the length of the anterior prefrontals; second pair of prefrontals in contact on the middle line or separated by a small shield; these posterior pra- frontals sometimes broken up into several shields; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout ; a pair of short parietals; three to ten loreal shields, some of which may be almost granular; two pra- and two to four postoculars; eleven to thirteen upper labials, without pits or with a very feeble one on the first shield; fifth and sixth, sixth and seventh, or fifth, sixth, and seventh upper labials entering the eye; three or four of the posterior lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 41 to 45 rows. Ventrals 257-287; anal entire; subcaudals 38--53. Brown above, with more or less
78 BOIDA.
distinct larger darker spots disposed in five or six longitudinal series ; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; lips yellowish, spotted with brown; lower parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 100.
North Australia.
a. “yA (Se. 41; V. 287;, N.W. Australia. (Type.)
48). b. we (Sc. 43; V. 280; Port Essington. Mr. Dring [C.}. 53). ce. Yg. (Sc. 43; V. 257; —- Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.]. C. 49). (Type c of Nardoa gilbertit.) — d. git (Se. 43; V. 267 ; Port Darwin. "Bey i; Buckland,
é. 8 , (Se. 43; V. 270; Gulf of Carpentaria. G. Keats ea. [P.].
) F-h. Q (Se. 48, 43, 46; Islands of Torres Rev. S. Macfarlane V5- BU; 270, 270; Straits. C,}.
C. ?, 40, ’38). é. Her. (Se. 45; V.279; Australia. Sir J. Richardson C. 45). fe. k. 2 skel. Australia. aE Pe ee Pil
The specimens noticed by Krefft (Austral. Sn. p. 35) as Nardoa gilberti. would belong to a distinct species if the statement that they have 330 ventrals and 64 subcaudals is correct.
2. Liasis fuscus.
Liasis olivaceus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849). fuscus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1873, p. 607. —— cornwallisius, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. . H, (5) iii. 1879, p. 85,
fig. Nardoa crassa, Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N. S. W. x. 1885, p. 66.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals longer than broad, not more than half as long as the prefrontals ; the latter shields extend to the frontal (unless separated from it by a small azygous shield) and separate a second pair of much smaller prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; one or two pairs of parietals; a single large loreal; one pre- and two post- oculars ; ten to twelve upper labials, first with a shallow pit, fifth and sixth (or sixth and seventh) entering the eye; three or four of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 47 or 49 rows. Ventrals 275-291; anal entire; subcaudals 65-72. . Uniform brown above, yellowish beneath.
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 190.
North Australia and New Guinea.
a. Her. (Se. 47; V. 291; SirCharlesHardyIs J. B. Jukes, Esq. C. 68). [P.]
. my)
_— ee Pee
3. LIasis. 79
b. 2 (Sc. 47; V. 278; Cornwallis Island, Rev. S. Macfarlane
C. P) Torres Straits. C.]. (Type of L. cornwallisius.) e. Hgr. (Se. 47; V.275; Fly River, New Rey. S. Macfarlane C. 67). Guinea. [C. d. 9 (Se. 47; V. 278; S.E. New Guinea. Rev. S. Macfarlane C. 72). [C.}.
3. Liasis olivaceus. (Puare IV. fig. 2.) Liasis olivaceus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 45 (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 442 (1844). —— olivaceus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals nearly twice as long as broad, more than half as long as the anterior prefrontals ; posterior prefrontals in contact with each other or separated by a small azygous shield; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; a pair of small parietals; a single large loreal; one pre- and three or four postoculars ; thirteen to fifteen upper labials, first, or first and second pitted, sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; four or five of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 69 to 75 rows. Ventrals 349-361; anal entire; sub- caudals 100-102. Uniform olive-brown above, yellowish beneath.
Total length 1890 millim.; tail 360.
North Australia. a. . (Sc. 71; V.350; Port Essington. Mr, Gilbert [C.]}. 6.103), ; ~ (ype) : b. Hgr., stffd. Port Essington. Mr. Gilbert [C.}. e. én 69; V. 369; N. Australia. Dr. J. R. Elsey [P.]. d. 2 (Sc. 75; V. 349; N. Australia. Capt. Stokes [P. C. 100). . Pt
4, Liasis mackloti. Liasis mackloti, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 440 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 92 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 98, 1. 7, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1864).
Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above, with a feeble pit or groove on each side ; internasals a little longer than broad, hardly half as long as the prefrontals; two pairs of prefrontals, the posterior small and separated from each other by the anterior; frontal nearly once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout; a pair of parietals, with smaller shields behind them; a large loreal; one prw- and two postoculars; eleven upper labials, first and second pitted, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 53 to 55 rows. Ventrals 292-302; anal entire; subcaudals 85-94. Sooty brown above, with scattered small yellowish spots; belly yellowish or brownish.
Total length 1680 millim. ; tail 260.
Timor and Samao.
80 BOIDA. ©
5. Liasis albertisii. Liasis albertisii, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 401, pl. ii. fig. 2. Leiopython gracilis, Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 15.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above, with a pit or groove on each side; internasals a little longer than broad, not half as long as the prefrontals; a single pair of large elongate prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout; a pair of parietals, followed by several smaller shields; a large loreal ; a large prwocular; three or four posioculars; twelve or thirteen upper labials, first two or three pitted, fifth and sixth, or fifth, sixth, and seventh entering the eye; six of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 49 to 55 rows. Ventrals 262-284; anal entire; subcaudals 62~79. Pur- plish brown above, head blackish ; labials yellowish, with blackish vertical bars ; uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 200. Reaches to 24 metres.
Western New Guinea and Serwatty Islands.
a-b. § (Se. 55; V. 274; C. 69) New Guinea. & yg. (Sc. 51; V. 261; C. 62),
6. Liasis papuanus.
Liasis papuanus, Peters & Doria, Ann. Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 400, pl. iii. fig. 1.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above, with a shallow pit or groove on each side ; internasals about once and a half as long as broad, two thirds to three fourths the length of the prefrontals ; a single pair of large prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the rostral; a pair of large parietals, which equal the frontal in length; a large loreal; a large preocular; two or three postoculars; ten or eleven upper labials, first two or three pitted, fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh entering the eye ; four of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 65 to 69rows. Ventrals 358-363; anal entire; subcaudals 85-88. Olive-brown above, each scale blackish at the base; yellowish
‘beneath. Total length 2300 millim. ; tail 320. Reaches to 33 metres. New Guinea.
a. 2 (Sc. 69; V. 358; C. 85). New Guinea.
4. PYTHON.
Python, Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 226 (1803); Wagl. Syst. Amph. 68 (1880) ; Schley. Phys. pos ii. p. 402 (1887); Dum. § ibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 892 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 87 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 829 (1864) 3 Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 95 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 245 (1890). Constrictor, Wag]. /. ¢. Heleionomus, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 42 (1842).
4, pyTHoN. 81
Morelia, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43; Dum. § Bibr. tc. p. 383; Gray, Cat. p. 85; "Minced. © 43,
Hortulia, Gray Zoo. Misell 43, and Cat. p.
linia, Datos § Bibr. t 1; Cone es Si; Jan, l. ¢.
p. 98. Simalia, Gray, Cat. p. 91. Aspidopython, M er, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135. iickle, Blacape, 3 . Soe. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 143.
Hypaspistes, Douglas Ogilby, Ree, Austral. Mus. i. 18 l, p- 193.
Premaxillary bone toothed. Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very long, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck ; end of snout covered with shields, upper surface of head with symmetrical shields or small scales ; nostril directed upwards or supero-lateral, in a large semidivided nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a pair of internasals ; rostral and anterior upper labials with deep pits ; some of the lower labials also pitted. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate or short, prehensile; subcaudals all or greater part in two rows.
Tropical and South Africa; South-eastern Asia; Papuasia; Aus-
Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals more than 50 pairs.
A. 39 to 60 scales across the thickest part of the body. 1. Crown covered with scales or small irregular shields; 2 or
3 upper labials pitted ........ 1, spilotes, p. 82. 2. Crown with large symmetrical shields; 4 upper labials pitted. 39 to 53 scales ; six or seven lower labials PEN enen Ge cc clever sncvdcesrness 2. amethystinus, p. 83, 60 seales ; five lower labials pitted .... 3. timorensis, p. 85.
B. 61 to 93 scales across the body.
69 to 79 scales; 297-330 ventrals ; 78-
102 caudals ; four upper labials pitted ;
rostral as deep as broad..........-+ 4. reticulatus, p. 85. 81 to 93 scales; 269-286 ventrals ; 63-
77 caudals; two upper labials pitted ;
rostral as deep as broad ...........- 5. sebee, p. 86. 61 to 75 scales; 242-265 ventrals; 60-
72 caudals; two upper labials pitted ;
rostral broader than deep .........- 6. molurus, p. 87.
II. Subcaudals less than 50 pairs; scales 53 to 63.
253-267 ventrals; 46-47 caudals; five upper labials pitted. ..........+.+0+ 7. anchiete, p. 88. VoL, I. G
82 BOIDE. 196-207 ventrals; 30-37 caudals; four
upper labials pitted............. -.. 8. regius; p. 88. 160-175 ventrals; 28-32 caudals; two
upper labials pitted ....... Yee 9. curtus, p. 89.
1. Python spilotes.
White, Journ. Voy. N.S. W.p. 259, pl.—. fig. 1 (1740).
Coluber spilotus, Lacép. Ann. Mus. iv. 1804, pp. 194, 209.
Python punctatus, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820) ; Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 516.
Echidna spilotes, Merr. 1. c. p. 150,
Python peronii, Wagl. Icones, pl. i. (1828) ; Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 421, pl. xv. figs. 11 & 12 (1837).
Morelia punctata, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43 (1842).
— variegata, Gray, 1. c.,. and Cat. p. 86 (1849); Krefft, Sn. Austral. p. 31, pl. ii. (1869); MeCoy, Prodr. Zool. Viect., Dec. ii. pl. Fat (1878); Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i. 1890,
p- 96. —— argus *, Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 885 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 94, 1, 7, pl. v. (1864); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878,
404.
p- 404. —— spilotes, Gray, Cat. p. 85; Krefft, 1. c. p. 29, pl. i.
Rostral as broad as deep, or a little deeper than broad, visible from above; internasals as broad as long, followed by a pair of somewhat larger shields which may be broken up; the rest of the upper surface of the head covered with scales or small irregular shields, among which, however, an enlarged frontal shield and two or three supraoculars are sometimes conspicuous ; eleven to thirteen upper labials, first two or three deeply pitted, sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; six or seven of the lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 45 to 5l rows. Ventrals 251-304; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 63-92. Coloration very variable.
Total length 2000 millim. (64 feet) ; tail 250.
Australia and New Guinea.
A. Black above, each scale with a yellowish dot, with or without seattered yellow, black-edged spots; upper labials black- edged ; lower parts yellow, the posterior ventrals and the sub- caudals spotted or edged with black. (Coluber spilotus, Lacép. ; Python punctatus, Merr.; P. peronti, Wagl.)
a. i fe. 49; V. 274; New South Wales. Australian Museum.
. 72). b. Her. ¢ (S¢. 49; V. 269; New South Wales, G. Krefft, Esq. [P-).
C. 84).
ce. Yg. (Se. 49; V. 261; Australia. Haslar Hospital. C. 85).
d,e. Ad., stffd. Australia,
f. Ad., skel. Australia,
g. Hgr., skel. Australia.
* Coluber argus, Linn., is founded upon a figure of Seba’s (Thes. ii. pl. ciii. fig. 1) which is probably not executed from a specimen, and certainly does not represent the Python here described. I regard C. argus as a mythical species.
4. pyrnon. 83
B. Pale olive-brown above, each scale edged with black, with yellowish, black-edged spots and cross bars; or with three yellowish stripes, the middle one partly broken up into spots; upper labials black-edged; lower parts pale y ow, the pos- terior ventrals and the subcaudals spotted or edged with black. (Morelia variegata, Krefft.)
h. o Bs 51; V. 276; New South Wales. Australian Museum. i. Tir. (Se 47; V. 280; New South Wales. G. Krefft, Esq.[P..
k. ii -» Stffd. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.}. 1. Ad., skel. Australia.
C. Pale brown with dark brown black-edged spots or cross bands, or dark brown with lighter markings ; head with symmetrical dark brown markings; upper lip uniform yellowish, or only the anterior labials black-edged; a light dark-edged streak may be present along each side of the anterior part of the body; lower parts yellowish, more or less spotted with black. (Morelia variegata, Gray.)
m. BA (Se. 51; V. 280; Moreton Bay. J. eg ae Esq. n. Ye. (e 49; V. 294; Port Essington. Mr. "Gibert rC.]).
) 0. a ay 47; V. 250; Port Essington. J.B. Jukes, Esq. [P} 81). (Types of M. varie p, g- Har. (Sc. 49; V. 290; Port Essington. Lord Derby [P.]. s 82) § 080) (Se. 49; V. 281 ; . (Se. 45; y. 261; Port Essington.
> 5). (Sc. 49; V. 282; Port Darwin. R. G. 8. Buckland,
t. fe (Se. 49; V. 289 ; N.W. Australia. Capt. Stokes [C.]. U, v. Yg. (Se. 49, 47 ; V.260, Houtman’s Mr. Gilbert [C.}. 261 ; C. 75, 73). Abrolhos, w, Ly Y. Yg. (Sc. 45, 49, 49; Swan River. V. 262, 258, 251; ©. 63 65, 78). z. Hgr., stffd. Boston Id, S. Sir G, Grey [P.]. Australia,
2. Python amethystinus. 7
Boa amethystina, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 254 (1801), and
Denkschr. Akad. Miinch, vii. 1821, bs pa vii.
Python per ee Daud. 1b (ss (1803) ; Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 419, pl. xv. figs. 8-1
lo-ghyrey stinus, Gray, Zool. Miscelt.p », 44 (1842) ; Dum. § Bibr.
vi. p. 433 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 91 (1849) Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 98,
L 9, pl. vi. (1864) ; Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. ~ p-. 353;
Jal =" . “4 - ~ a v — if i
84 BOIDA.
Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1876, p. 533, pl. —. rs 2; Macleay, Proc Linn. Soc, N.S. W. ii. 1877, o 34; Peters Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 399. Aspidopython jakati, 4. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135, ny uceboracensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) iii. ‘1879, p. 86,
Hype dipsadides, Douglas Ogilby, Rec. Austral. Mus. i. 1891,
Rostral as broad as deep, or slightly broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little longer than broad, followed by a pair of large prefrontals, which are either in contact with the frontal or separated from it by one or two small shields; a pair of shorter prefrontals, separated from each other on the middle line; a large frontal, a large supraocular, and two or three pairs of large parietals; several small shields on the loreal region ; two or three pre- and four or five postoculars ; twelve to fourteen upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; six or seven of the posterior lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 39 to 53 rows. Ventrals 289-328 ; anal entire; subcaudals 85-117. Yellowish or purplish brown above, uniform, or with darker or lighter markings ; uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 2270 millim.; tail 400. Reaches to 34, metres (11 feet).
Moluccas, Timor, New Guinea, New Ireland and New Britain, Northern Queensland.
A, Uniform brown above, or with very indistinct darker or lighter
markings. a. Hgr. (Se. 49; V. 300; N. Ceram. C. Tol ). b. 2 (Sc.48; V.311; C.99). Timor Laut. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C. ec. Hgr. (Se. 45; ¥: 298 ; CornwallisId., Rev. 8. Macfarlane od C. 105). Torres Strait. d-e, f-g. 3 (Se. 39; V. 300; Duke of York Rey. G. Brown [0.]. C. 103) & 9 (Se. 45, 43, Island. (Types of L. ducebora- 39; V. 823, 323, 299 ; censis). C. 100, 102, ?). h. Ad., skull. Torres Straits. Rev. 8. Macfarlane [C.].
B. Pale brown, with darker X-shaped markings on the back and two stripes along each side.
i, k-l, m-n. 3 (Se. 51,51; Murray Id., Rey. 8S. Macfarlane [C.). V. 320, 328; C. 110,109) — Torres Straits. /, & 9 (Se. 53, 45, 47 ; V. 321, 303, 304 ; C. 112,118, 115).
C. Dark purplish brown above, with whitish spots or irregular cross bars. -
dg (Se. 43; V. 289; C.98). Timor Laut. Hi. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.}. Yg. (Se. 51; 3 ¥, 301; C.99). Misol.
4. PYTHON. 85 3. Python timorensis.
; —. fig. 3. dees Hubseskt, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 16. Rostral just visible from above ; internasals considerably longer than broad, as long as the prefrontals behind them, which are separated from the frontal by a second pair of somewhat smaller prefrontals ; a large supraocular and a large frontal, followed by two pairs of parietals ; several small shields on the loreal region ; a larger preocular, with a smaller one below it; three post- oculars ; twelve upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, sixth entering the eye; five lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 60 rows. Ventrals 288. Purplish brown above, with a network of patches of darker scales distributed among others of a lighter colour, resembling the pattern found in P. reticulatus; a dark line along the middle of the back of the head.
Timor and Flores.
4, Python reticulatus.
Thes. i. pl. Ixxii. fig. 2 (1734), and ii. pls. Ixxix. & Ixxx. fig. 1 (1735).
Boa reticulata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 264 (1801); Daud. Rept.
v. : Pas (1803); Schneid. Denkschr. Ak. Miinch. vii. 1821, . 118.
a rhombeata, Schneid, ll. ec. pp. 266,118.
—— phrygia, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 348, pl. xevii. (1802).
Coluber javanicus, Shaw, t. c. p. 441.
Python schneideri, Merr. Tent. p. 89 (1820); Bote, Isis, 1827, p- 515; Guér. Icon. R. A., t. pl. xxi. fig. 1; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 415, pl. xv. figs. 5-7 (1837).
_— satiealetos, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 44 (1842); Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p- 426 (1844); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 55 (1847) ; Gray, Cat. p. 87 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 380 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 97, |. 8, pl. vi. (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 205; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 205 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 246 (1890).
? Python jamesonii, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 44.
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals about once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of large pre- frontals ; a large supraocular (rarely divided) and a large, usually undivided frontal; two pre-and three or four postoculars; twelve to fourteen upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, seyenth or eighth entering the eye; two or three of the anterior and five or six
‘ of the posterior lower labials pitted. Scales in 69-79 rows. Ven- 4 trals 297-330 ; anal entire; subcaudals 78-102, Light yellowish | or brown above, with large circular, rhomboidal, or X-shaped : markings; young with three longitudinal series of light, black- 2 edged spots; a black line along the middle of the head, from the f end of the snout to the nape, and another on each side from behind
86 BOIDR.
the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, with small brown spots on the sides, or nearly entirely brown.
Total length 4780 millim.; tail 660, Reaches the length of 9 metres (30 feet).
Burma and Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
a-b,c. Yg. (Se.71, 75,75; Pinang. Dr. Cantor. V. 815, 320, 306; C. 96, 91, 84). d. oii (Sc. 75; V. 316; Singapore, Dr. Dennys [P.]. € e. Yg. (Se.78; V. 319; C.97). Borneo. Sir J. Brooke {PJ J. Yg. (Se. 73; V.308; 0.93). Kejang River, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]. Her. (Sc. 75; V. 304 Bastin Rs Repel 5 . (Se. 75; V. ; atavia. . Kirkpatric 3 # oS). Ph firs h. Pa ee 75; V. 319; Philippines. H. J. Veitch, Esq. [P.}. t-k. 2 (Se. 75; V. 312; Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ C. 81) & yg. (Se. 77; V. 308; 0. 94). l. Yg. (Sc. 79; V. 315; N. Ceram. C. 83
m. Ye. (Sc.77; V.827; Timor Laut. —__H. O. Forbes, Esq. (C.]. 84), n. Ad., stffd. st
5. Python seba.
Seba, Thes. ii. pls. xix. fig. 1, xxvii. fig. 1, & xcix. fig. 2 (1735).
Beery sebee, Gimel, S. N. i. p. 1118 (1788) ; Daud. Rept. vi. p. 238 (1803).
——- speciosus, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Ophiol. p. 17 (1790).
Boa hieroglyphica, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p..266 (1801), and Denkschr. Ak. Miinch, vii. 1821, p. 119.
? Python houttuynii, Daud. Rept. v. p. 254 (1803).
Python hieroglyphicus, Merr. Tent. p. 90 (1820) ; Bote, Isis, 1827,
516,
p- 516.
—- bivittatus, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. p. 94 (1820).
—— natalensis, Smith, S. Afr. Q. Journ. (2) 1833, p. 64, and Il. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. ix. (1840) ; Dum. & Bibr, vi. p. 409 (1844) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 105 (1882).
bivittatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 403 (1837).
seb, Dum. & Bibr. t. c. p. 400, ey lxi.; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 96,
1. 8, pls. iii. & iv. (1864).
Heleionomus variegatus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 43 (1842) *.
Hortulia natalensis, Gray, J. c. p. 44, and Cat. p. 89 (1849).
—— sebe, Gray, Cat. p. 90.
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above ; internasals about once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of large pra- frontals ; supraocular broken up into two or more shields; a pair of frontals, which may be broken up into small shields; a large pre- . ocular, with one or two smaller ones below it; three or four post-
* The type specimen appears to have been lost.
4. PYTHON. 87
oculars ; a series of suboculars separating the eye from the labials ; thirteen to fifteen upper labials, two anterior deeply pitted ; four or tive of the posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in 81 to 93 rows. Ventrals 269-286; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 63-77. Pale brown above, ‘with dark brown, black-edged, more or less sinuous cross bars, which are usually connected by a continuous or interrupted sinuous dark stripe running along each side of the back; sides with large spots, and finely dotted with black ; a large triangular dark brown blotch occupies the top of the head, bordered on each side by a light stripe beginning at the end of the snout, above the nostril, and passing above the eye; a dark stripe on each side of the head and a dark subtriangular blotch below the eye; upper surface of tail with a light stripe between two black ones ; belly spotted and dotted with dark brown.
Total length 4100 millim. ; tail 460. Said to grow to 7 lia
(23 feet). Tropical and South Africa. a, ar (Sc. 91; V.273; Gambia. Lord Derby [P.]. . 64). b, Ye. (Se. 93; V.276; Gold Coast. Mr. Rich [C.]. C. 76). c. Als (Se. 85; V.270; Ashantee. Leyden Mus. d. OE Ge. 85; V.275; Fantee. e. Ad., Mead only. South of Chartoum. Consul Petherick [O.}. f. Ad., stffd. Port Natal. Sir A. Smith [F. g. Hgr. (Sc. 89; V. 269; ——?P J. Melrose, Esq. [ P.]. C. 72). h. Far. (Se. 91; V.280; ——? Zoolog. Society. C. 66). ¢. Ad., skel. W. Africa. Zoolog. Socie k. Ad, skull. 8. Africa. Sir rn Smith P.). l. Hgr., skull. Senegal. ‘
6. Python molurus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xxii.—xxiv. i xxxix. (1796),
Coluber molurus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 387 (1766).
Boa ordinata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 260 (1801), and Denkschr. Ak. Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 122.
—— cinerea, Schneid. Ul. ce. pp. 270, 121.
—— castanea, Schneid. ll. ce. pp. 2 272, 121,
—— albicans, Schneid. U. ce. pp. 274, 121.
—— orbiculata, Schneid., ll, cc. pp. 276, 123,
Python bora, Daud. Rept. v. p. 236 (1803).
— tigris, Daud. t. ¢. p. a3 Ixiy.
—— ordinatus, Daud. t. ¢. p.
—— bivittatus, part., Schi-g. Phys. Serp. iii. p. 403, pl. xv. figs. 1-4 1837
Be = Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 44 (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 417 (1844); Gray, h, Cotayes 88 Vi849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 331 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 96, 1. &, pl. ii. (1864); Stoliczka,
88 BOIDR,
Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxxix. 1870, p.205; Theob. Cat. t. Brit. Ind, p. 206 (1876); Blanf. Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xiviii. 1879, Pp. 12); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 246 (1890) ; W. Selater, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. \x, 1891, p. 282.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals not more than once and a half as long as broad, followed by a pair of large prefrontals ; a large supraocular, separated from its fellow by a pair of frontals; two pre-and three or four postoculars; eleven to thirteen upper labials, two anterior deeply pitted, sixth or seventh entering the eye, if not separated by a series of suboculars ; a few of the anterior and posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in ~ 61 to 75 rows. Ventrals 242-265; analentire; subcaudals 60-72. Greyish brown or yellowish above, with a dorsal series of large elongate subquadrangular reddish-brown black-edged spots, and on each side a series of smaller spots with light centres; a lance-shaped marking on the head and nape; a lateral brown stripe passing through the eye, and a brown vertical bar below the eye; lower parts yellowish, sides brown-spotted. ;
_ Total length 2450 millim.; tail 300. Grows to 30 feet (W. Elliot, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1870,Trans. p. 115), India and Ceylon, Southern China, Malay Peninsula, Java.
a. 3 (Se. 73; V. 255; C. 63). Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. 6. Ad., stffd. India.
c. g (Se. 67; V. 245; C. 64). India. Zoolog. Society.
d. Yg. (Sc. 69; V.265; C.68). India.
é. Ad, skel. Ceylon.
7. Python anchietz. Python anchietsz, Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish, xii. 1887, p. 87.
Upper surface of head covered with small subequal scales, except a pair of internasals and a pair of preefrontals, which are separated along the median line by two series of small scales; eye surrounded by a circle of small scales ; fourteen upper labials, the five anterior pitted. Scales in 57 or 59 rows.. Ventrals 253-267; subcaudals 46-47. A large triangular reddish-brown blotch covers the greater part of the upper surface of the head, and is bordered by a white black-edged band; it bears in the middle, behind the level of the eyes, a round white black-edged spot; back and sides pale reddish brown, with black-edged white spots and bands, the latter cireum- scribing large areas of the ground-colour, the centres of which are occupied by the spots; beneath yellowish, with a few irregular brown spots on the sides.
Total length (of young specimen) 1050 millim. ; tail 100.
Benguela, 8.W. Africa.
8. Python regius. Seba, Thes. i. pl. xii. fig. 1 (1734), and ii. pl. eii. (1735). Boa regia, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 347, pl. xevi. (1802). Cenchris regia, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 97 (1881).
eh Sie ee
Ps ae
4, PYTHON. 89
Python bellii, Gray, Nat. Miscell. p. 44 (1842). —— regius, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 4 2 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 97, 1. BS he y. (1864); F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 885,
p. 67) Hevtulia regia, Gray, Cat. p. 90 (1849).
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals nearly twice as long as broad, followed by a pair of large prefrontals; a large supraocular, separated from its fellow by a pair of frontals or by several small shields; two or three prw- and three or four postoculars, and a series of suboculars usually separating the eye from the labials ; ten or eleven upper labials, four anterior deeply pitted, fifth or sixth sometimes entering the eyes; two to four of the posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in 53 to 63 rows. Ventrals 196-207; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 30-37. Upper surface of head dark brown, with a pale, black-edged streak on each side, beginning above the nostril and passing through the eye; a dark brown, black-edged band occupies the back, sending down triangular or Y-shaped processes on the sides, which are pale brown ; this dorsal band encloses a light streak on the neck, another on the tail, and a series of from ten to eighteen light round or oval spots ; belly yellowish, with or without small brown spots on the sides.
Total length 1240 millim. ; tail 100.
Senegambia and Sierra Leone.
a, b. Ad, (Se. 55, 55; Gambia. Lord Derby [P.}. eit eh ged C, 31, 32). % ; V. 200; Gambia. Mr. Rendal yar Rie (Type of ) arg ( 63; V. 207; Gambia. Mr. Rerdal [C.]. e. Ad. (Se. 55; V. 197; Gambia. Sir A. Moloney [P.}.
©. 30). -h. Yg. (Sc. 59, 59, 55; Freetown, Sierra R. Dinze {Os f* 1, 196, 202; ©. 37, Leone. Lon ba
37, 2). i. Aa. (Ge. 53; V. 200; W. Africa. Sir J. McGrigor[P. }. k, Hgr., stffd. W. Africa.
9. Python curtus.
Python curtus, Schleg. racer Rept. p. 54, fig. (1872) ; Hubrecht, Notes d, sao lag i. 1879, p. 244; Blanf. ” Pree. Zool. Soc. Iss], p. 222; g. Proc. Zo . Soc. 1889, p. 482, pl. xly.
‘ad Reson Steind, Sitzb. a Wien, \xxxii. 1881, p- 267; Fischer, Arch, f. Nat. 1885, =i v. fig. 5.
Aspidoboa curta, Sauvage, Bull. ‘Nee hilom. F) viii, 1884, p. 143,
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as broad as long, separated from the frontal and the supraoculars by two pairs of large prefrontals; frontal longitudinally divided, followed by several pairs of transverse parietal shields; a large
90 BOIDA.
supraocular ; a large loreal; a large preocular, with several small scales below it ; one or two postoculars ; a series of suboculars may separate the eye from the labials; ten or eleven upper labials, the first two deeply pitted ; anterior and posterior lower labials feebly pitted. Scales in 53 to57 rows. Ventrals 160-175 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 28-32. Brown or brick-red above, with a dorsal series of round pale spots, which may be confluent into a stripe on the posterior part of the back; a black line along the middle of the head, followed by elongate whitish black-edged spots ; sides of body with greyish black-edged spots or undulous bands ; sides of head dark, with an oblique light streak from behind the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts whitish, uniform or spotted with brown.
Total length 1370 millim. ; tail 120.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. Ad., stffd. Singapore. b. ae. (Sc. 57; V. 172; Malacca. Zoolog: Society. . 28). ce. Yg. (Sc. 53; V. 161; Telang, S.E. Hr. F. Grabowsky [C.], C. 28). . Borneo. (Dr. J. G. Fischer,
5. CHONDROPYTHON.
Chondropython, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1874, p. 134; Sauvage. Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 86; Bouleng. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1879, p. 146.
No premaxillary teeth. Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very large, posterior small. Head distinct from neck, covered with small scales; nostril in a large, single or divided nasal, sepa- rated from its fellow by a pair of internasal shields, which are themselves separated by a series of scales ; rostral, anterior upper lubials, and middle lower labials with deep pits. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate, prehensile; subcaudals in two rows.
New Guinea.
1. Chondropython viridis. Python viridis, Schleg. Dierentuin, Rept. p. 54 (1872). bain rthon azureus, A, B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 184; Peters § Doria, Ann, Mus. Genova, xiii, 1878, p. 403; Bouleng.
Bull. Soe. Zool. France, 1879, p. 146. —— pulcher, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom, (7) ii. 1878, p. 37.
Rostral as deep as broad, or a little deeper than broad ; head- scales granular, 17 to 20 across the forehead, from eye to eye; the scales round the eye not enlarged ; 12 to 15 upper labials, first and second, or first, second, and third pitted, sixth, seventh, and eighth, or eighth and ninth entering the eye; seventh to twelfth, eighth to thirteenth, or ninth to fourteenth lower labials pitted. Scales in 57 to 61 rows. Ventrals 227-240; anal entire; sub- caudals 75-109. Bright green above, uniform or with a series of
6. ASPIDITES, 91
small yellowish spots along the back; or brick-red with bluish, black-edged spots; young pinkish or yellowish, with purplish or reddish-brown markings ; lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 200.
New Guinea. a. Cros 2 57; V. 227; Mt. Arfak. Hr. Bruijn [C.}. ee he (Sc. 61, 59; Mansinam. M. L. Laglaize [C.}.
V. 240, 238 ; C. 84, 109). d. a aS 573 V. 237; N.W.New Guinea. M. A. Linden [C.].
86). e. 3 (Sc. 61; V. 237; . New Guinea. C. 87).
6. ASPIDITES.
Aspidiotes (non Bouché), Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 20, and Austral. Snakes, p. 33 (1869). Aspidites, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 914.
No premaxillary teeth. Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head slightly distinct from neck, with large symmetrical shields; nostril lateral, in a single nasal, which is separated from its fellow by a pair of inter- nasals; rostral rather large. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate, not or scarcely prehensile ; subcaudals mostly in a single row.
North Australia.
1. Aspidites melanocephalus. Loe melanocephalus, Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864. p. 20, fig. ;
inth. Ann. § Mag. N.H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 29; , Austral. Sn. p. 33, pl. iii. (1869); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ae. 1876, p. 533.
Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals as broad as long, shorter than the anterior prefrontals; posterior prefrontals just touching each other in front of the frontal; latter slightly Se than broad ; parietals subdivided into small shields ; a-large loreal ; two or three preoculars ; three or four postoculars ; eleven or twelve upper labials, sixth entering the eye. Scales in 53 rows. Ventrals 330; anal entire; subcaudals 64, only a few of which are divided. Light brown above, with darker cross bars, yellowish beneath ; head and neck jet-black above and below.
Total length 2050 millim.; tail 220.
North Australia, a, 2 (Se. 53; V. 330; Port Denison. G. Krefft, Esq. [P. C. 64). (Type.) }
ie
a i i
ee he) ee
\ \ \
\
92 BOID®.
2. Aspidites ramsayi. Aspidiotes ramsayi, Macleay, Proe. Linn. Soe, N.S. W. vi. 1882, p. 813.
Differs from the preceding in having the eye separated from the labials by a subocular; fourteen upper labials. Ventrals 293; anal divided ; subcaudals 52, the four last divided. Greyish brown above, variegated with indistinct darker brown bands and spots over the entire upper surface from the head to the tail; ventrals yellowish, the basal portion of each shield dusky.
Total length 1900 millim. ; tail 330.
Port Bourke.
7. CALABARIA. Calabaria, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 154; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn.
p- 280 (1858). Rhoptrura, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1858, p. 340.
Premaxillary and palate toothless ; anterior maxillary and man- dibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head not distinct from neck, covered with shields; rostral large; nostril in a
single or semidivided nasal. No mental groove. Eye very small,
with vertical pupil. Scales moderate, smooth. Tail short, thick, not prehensile, rounded at the end; subcaudals single. West Africa. 1. Calabaria reinhardti.
Eryx reinhardtii, Schleg. Bijdr. tot de Dierk. i. D 2, pl. — (1848) ; "Fisch. Verh, nat. Ver, Hamb, (2) iii. 1879, p. 91, pl. iii. figs. 1-6. Calabaria fusca, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 155, pl. xiv. ; Giinth.
Cat. Col. Sn. p, 280 (1858); F. Miill. Verh, nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 675. Rhoptrura reinhardti, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1858, p. 340. petiti, Sauvage, Bull. Soc, Zool. France, 1884, p. 202, pl. vi. fig. 4. :
Rostral as deep as broad, extending to the upper surface of the snout, separated from the frontal by three pairs of transverse shields; frontal broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the rostral, followed by an equally long or shorter parietal ; two supraoculars; a loreal; one or two pre- and one or two postoculars; eight upper labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 29 to 32 rows. Ventrals 221-239 ; anal entire; subcaudals 20-28. Reddish or purplish brown above, with more or less numerous irregularly scattered yellowish spots.
Total length 860 millim. ; tail 65.
West Africa, from Liberia to the Congo.
a. Ad. (V. 223; C. 20). Old Calabar. (Type of C. fusca.)
b-c. Ad. (V. 227, 224; Cameroons. Rey. J. Pinnock C, 25, 25). x [C.].
d. Ad. (V. 230; C. 24). Cameroons. é
e. Hgr. (V. 224; C. 24), Fernando Po. Zoolog. Society.
f. Ad. (V. 233; CO. 23). Gabcon. Dr. J. G. Fischer.
y. Ad. (V. 221; C, 21). W. Africa.
\
\
\
8, EPICRATES. 93
Subfam. 2. BOINA2.
Boina, ina, Gray, Zool. Miscell. pp. 41, 45, 1842.
Aproté ornacps = (Eyeides, Bowides), Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 450, :
Boina, Erycina, Charinina, Gray, Cat. Snakes, pp. 83, 84, 1849.
Bow, Eryces, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304.
Erycides, part., ides, Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 64, 1864.
Boine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 244, 1890. No supraorbital bone. The premaxillary is constantly toothless, the palatines and ptery-
goids toothed. ;
8. EPICRATES.
Skull of Epicrates cenchris.
Draco (non Laur.), part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 273 tay!
Epicrates, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 168 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 552 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 94 (1849); Fischer, Abh. nat. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, p. 95; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 8&8 (1864); Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept, (1882)
Boa, se Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 373 (1837).
Chilabothrus, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. P. 562; Gray, l. c. p. 103; Jan, 1. ¢. p- 86; Bocourt, J. c. pp. 517, 524.
Chiftia, Gray, 1. c. p. 99.
94 BOIDA.
Epicarsius, Fischer, 1. ¢. Homalochilus, Fischer, 1. e. p. 100; Jan, l. e. Piesigaster, Seoane, Abh. Rieck: Ges. xii. 1880" p p- 217,
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very long. Head distinct from neck, covered with shields, which may be small and irregular or large and symmetrical; a pair of internasals and a pair of anterior prefrontals constantly present ; nostril between two or three nasals ; loreal shield present ; labial pits, if present, shallow. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body more or less compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail moderate or long, prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Tropical America. Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 45 to 51 rows; ventrals 223 to 268; several small shields between the supraoculars ...... 1. cenchris, p. 94.
II. Scales in 51 to 65 rows; ventrals 271 to 302.
A series of suboculars separates the labials FPO VAS OVO». wc tmp Hains athe pale as 2. angulifer, p. 96. One or two labials entering the eye ........ 3. striatus, p. 96. —
III. Scales in 33 to 45 rows; a single large shield (rarely broken up) between the supraoculars,
Supraocular nearly as large as the frontal ;
ventrals 261-286 ; subcaudals 60-80 .... 4. inornatus, p. 97. Supraocular about half as large as the frontal ; ventrals 250-265 ; subcaudals 70-89 . 5. fordii, p. 98.
Supraocular about half as large as the frontal ; ventrals 282-289 ; subcaudals 100-103 .. 6. gracilis, p. 98.
1. Epicrates cenchris.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. lvi. fig. 4 (1734), & ii. pls, liv. fig. 3, lxxxviii. fig. 1, & xcviii. 185)
Boa cenchria, Ting Mus, Ad. Frid. ii. p. 41 (1764), and S..N. i, p. 374 (1766); Wied, Abbild. (1822), and Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. pe (1825) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 885, pl. xiv. figs, 3-5 (1837)
—— cenchris, Gmel. 8S. N. i. p. 1083 (1788) ; Schneid, Hist. Amph. ii. p. 250 (1801) ; Shato, Zool iii. p. 344, pl. xciy. (1802) ; Schneid. Denkschr. Ak, Miinch. vii. 1821, p. 120.
— aboma, Daud. Rept. v. 132 (1803).
ternatea, Daud. t. ec. p. 153.
—— annulifer, Daud. t. c. “ 202, pl. lxiii. fig. 3 ; pe Ann. Wetter. Ges. ii, 1810, p. 51, pl. ix.; Schneid. 1. c. p. 127.
Draco ocellatus, Oken, Lehrb. d. Naturg. iii. p, 277 (1815).
Epicrates cenchria, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. ieee p- 96 (1831), and
Cat. p. 96 (1849); Garm. Proc. Am. "Philos, Soe. xxiv. 1887, 279.
~ cenchris, Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 555 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 89, 1, 8, pl. i. (1865), maurus, Gray, Cat. p. 96.
8, EPICRATES. 95
Cliftia fusca, Gray, 1. c. p. 99. Epicarsius cupreus, Fisch. Abh, nat. Ver. Hamb, iii. 1856, p. 96,
Epicrates cupreus, Jan, J. c. p. 90, 1. 7, bg i.; Bocourt, Miss. Sc, Mex., . p. 525, pl. xxxi. fig. 3 (1882).
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; upper surface of snout and interorbital space with small, more or less regular shields ; usually an azygous prefrontal, separated from the internasals by a pair of small shields ; a supraocular, which may be broken up into two or three small shields; an elongate loreal, in contact with the second, or second and third labials, but separated from the other labials by two or three scales; two preoculars, upper largest; four or five postoculars; 11 to 13 upper labials, sixth and seventh or seventh and eighth entering the eye; upper and lower labials with more or less distinct shallow pits or impres- sions between them. Scales in 45 to 51 rows. Ventrals 223-268 ; anal entire; subcaudals 50-66. Pale brown above, uniform or elegantly marked with rings and spots.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 220.
Tropical America, from Costa Rica to Northern Peru and Northern
| Brazil.
: A. Five dark brown longitudinal lines on the head ; back with a : series of dark brown or black rings; sides with dark spots, or j black and white ocelli, or one or two dark brown stripes. ’ (EZ. cenchris, L.)
a. Yg. (Se. 47; V. 231; C. 55). Chagres River. b-e. Yg. (Sc. 49, 51; V. 240,287; Rosario de Cu- Mr. C. Webber[C.].
C. 55, 55). cuta, Colombia. : d-f. Yg. (Sc. 49, 49, 49; V. 230, Trinidad. . ; C. 56, 52, 60). g. Yg. (Sc. 47; V. 228; C. 50). Trinidad. C. Taylor, Esq. [P.).
h. Yg. (Se. 49; V. 284; ©. 56). Caracas. i. 2 (Se. 47 ; V. 266; C. 66). British Guiana, — Schomburgk
k-l. § (Se. 47; V. 225; OC. 50) British Guiana. Demerara Museum
& yg. (Se. 49; V.256; C. 62) [P.}. m-o. 6 Se. 45, 47; V. 253, 266; Berbice. ©. 58, 69) & yg. (Sc. 47; V. 233; C. 52). p. Yg. (Sc. 49; V. 234; C. 50), Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq. q. 2 (Se. 51; V. 268; C.63), Para. m iraham, Esq. P.). r. @ (Se. 41; V. 2575 C.58). Movobamba, Mr. A. H. Roff[C. .E. Peru. s. 2 (Sc. 49; V. 260; C.57). Peruvian Ama- Mr. E. Bartlett[O.}. | zons, t. Ad., skel. 8. America. u. Hgr., skull. S. America.
att
96 BOIDA.
B. Markings very indistinct or absent. (Cliftia fusca, Gray ; E. maurus, Gray ; EL. cupreus, Fisch.)
v. Hgr., stffd. —-: of Ch ca. w. S (ee. 51; V. 288; C. 55). Venezuela, (Byeeo pata es ‘ x. go (Sc. 47; -V, 233; ©, 58). Venezuela,
2. Epicrates angulifer. Kpicrates angulifer, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, a p. a pl. xxv. (1843) ; Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 560 (1844) ; Jan, p- 89, 1. 6, pl. vi. (1864); Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 70 (1880). Ria. sp. Gundl. Arch. J. Nat. 1840, p. 361.
Head with more or less regular shields above, the largest being a pair of prefrontals, a pair of frontals (which may be broken up), and, on each side, a supraocular; a large, elongate loreal, sometimes divided into two, separated from the labials by a series of small shields; a large preocular, and a series of 6 small shields below and behind the eye, which is entirely separated from the labials ; 13 or 14 upper labials, with very feeble pits. Scales in 51 to 65 rows. Ventrals 276-290; anal entire; subcaudals 50-79. Pale brown above, with a dorsal series of rhomboidal dark spots, and dark brown reticulated lines on the sides; a lateral series of dark brown ocelli with yellowish centres ; yellowish beneath.
Total length 2170 millim. ; tail 195.
Cuba.
3. Epicrates striatus. Fpicrates angulifer (non Bibr.), Gray, Cat. p. 94 (1849). (Specimens’ onl
Bacanaehhes Striatus, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. iii. 1856, it l. ii. fig. 2; Jan, Icon, Gén. p- 86,, 1. 6, pl. iv. (1864) ; Rteind. ovara, ‘Rept. 57 (1867).
—— multisectus, Cope, Pica: Ac. Philad, 1862, p. 70.
strigilatus, Cope, 1. c. p. 71, and Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xi.
1871, p. 558. Epicrates versicolor, Steind. Denkschr. Ak. Wien, xxii. 1863, p. 89,
pl. —. — striatus, Steind. 1. c. p. 93.
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; enlarged shields on the top of the head; a pair of prefrontals, a pair of frontals sometimes fused, sometimes broken up, and, on each side, a supraocular, which may be divided into two or three shields; a large elongate loreal, sometimes divided into two; a large pra- ocular, with a subocular below it ; one or two scales in front of the subocular ; four or five postoculars ; 14 or 15 upper labials, without or with very feeble impressions, seventh and eighth, eighth and ninth, or ninth, entering the eye; posterior lower labials with shallow i impressions. Scalesin 51 to 63 rows. Ventrals 271-302; — anal entire; subcaudals 64-88. Pale brown above, with dark olive-brown spots separated by narrow interspaces, or brown with
8. EPICRATES. 97
yellowish undulous or zigzag cross bands, which may be edged with blackish ; usually a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head behind the eye; lower parts yellowish or pale olive, more or less spotted with brown or black.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 250.
Santo Domingo ; New Providence Id., Bahamas.
a, 6. a Se. 63, 55; V. 302, 290; S. Domingo. Zoological Society.
ds « & (Se. Ol, 055 V. 288, 288; —? Zoological Society. f. & (Se. 1; V.271; 0.79). —? Haslar Hospital.
The following specimens, born in the Zoological Gardens, London, have been stated to be hybrids between Epicrates angulifer and Chilabothrus inornatus (Sclater, Proc. Zooi. Soc. 1878, p. 789). But as they do not differ from Z. striatus, and as I entertain doubts concerning the correct determination of the parents (which I have not been able to trace), I feel justified in referring them to this species.
h, t, k,l. gr. & yg. (Se. 55,55, Bred in London. Zoological Society. os. ba, 51S V. 3, 282, 285, 7 ee
285, 278; C. 66, 64, 66, ?, 66).
4. Epicrates inornatus.
Boa ey Reinh. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. x. 1843, p. 258, pl. i.
Chilabothrus inornatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. Pe 563 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p- 103 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 87, 1. 6, pl. v. (1864); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 132 (1883); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 524, pl. xxxi. fig. 2 (1882).
a boettgeri, Seoane, Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1880, p. 217, pl. —.
Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above; two pairs of prefrontals, posterior sometimes broken up into small irregular shields; a large frontal, in contact with, and not or but slightly larger than, the supraoculars ; a pair of small parietals, in contact with the frontal and supraoculars; a large, elongate loreal ; a large preocular, usually with a small shield below it; two to four
; eleven or twelve upper labials, one, two, or three
(fifth to seventh) entering the eye; no labial pits. Scales in 39 to
45 rows. Ventrals 261-286; anal entire; subcaudals 60-80.
Yellow or pale olive anteriorly, frequently blackish brown posteriorly ;
more or less distinct spots or cross bars on the body ; sometimes a
pair of dark streaks along the neck ; an ill-defined dark streak may
be t behind the eye.
otal length 1500 millim. ; tail 250. Jamaica, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico.
VOL. I. H
ee oe
So
98 BOID.
a. ¢ (Sc. 48; V. 275; C. 76). Jamaica. y, os Gosse, Esq. b. Ad., stfid. Jamaica, 1.86 d, Esq. [P.]. ce, d,e. & (Sc. 41, 41; V. 267, W. Indies, 277 ; C. 71, 79). f¢ (Se. 45 ; V. 276; ©, 80). —-? g-t. Yg. (Se. 41, 39, 89; V. 265, Born in the Zoological Gardens, 264, 273; C. 74, ? 4 60). London. k. Eggs. Bluefields, Ja- P. H. Gosse, Esq. maica, [Pa
5. Epicrates fordii.
Pelophilus fordii, ‘Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 142, pl. xxiii.
Chilabothrus fordii, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 87 (1865).
ee chrysogaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Sc. xi. 1871, p. 557. ,
Chilabothrus maculatus, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888,
p- 33, pl. iii. fig. 7.
Rostral a little broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; a pair of large preefrontals, followed by smaller, more or less regular shields; a large frontal, in contact with the supraocular, which is only about half as large; two to four loreals; a large preocular, with one or two small shields below it; four to seven postoculars ; 13 or 14 upper labials, sixth and seventh, seventh and eighth, or sixth, seventh, and eighth entering the eye; no labial pits. Scales in 33 to 48 rows. Ventrals 250-265 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 70— 80. Pale olive, yellowish, or reddish above, with a dorsal series of large, elliptic or reniform, transverse dark brown spots edged with blackish, some of which may be confluent to form an undulous band ; a lateral series of smaller spots; a dark stripe on each side of the head, passing through the eye; belly yellowish, with small brown spots.
Total length 740 millim. ; tail 125,
Santo Domingo; Turk’s Merk Bahamas.
a. 2 (Se. 37; V. 250; C. 80). 8. Domingo. b. 9 (Sc. 38; V. 258; C. 70). —? (Type.) c. 9 (Sc. 38; V. 253; C. 74). —? Dr. A, Giinther [P.}.
6. Epicrates gracilis.
Chilabothrus gracilis, Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. v. 1888, p. 35, pl. iii. fig. 8.
Closely allied to the preceding, but more slender and strongly compressed. 11 or 12 upper labials, sixth and seventh or fifth and sixth entering the eye. Scales in 40 rows. Ventrals 282-289 ; subcaudals 100-103. Blackish grey, somewhat lighter on the belly ; six longitudinal series of small black spots.
Total length 895 millim.; tail 165.
Santo Domingo.
as es
ex bss as —
9. CORALLUS, 99 9. CORALLUS. Daud. Hist. Rept. v. p. 106 (1803); Schleg. Phys. Serp.
837). Daud. t. c. p. 256; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 97 yng?
non Laur.), , Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. ; 3 (1816). Wagler, in Spiz, Serp. Bras, p. 40 (
Xiphosoma, 824), and Syst. A p. 167 (1830) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 356 (1844) ; 4 Gray, l. ¢. p. 96; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 91 (1864); Bocourt, Miss, Sc. R Mex., Rept. p. 526 (1882). ‘. Sanzinia, Gray, J. c. p. 98. * | Chrysenis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p, 132.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very large, posterior small. Head distinct from neck, covered with scales or small shields; nostril between three shields; both lips with deep pits. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body compressed ; scales small, smooth. Tail more or less elongate, or short, prehensile; sub- caudals single.
Tropical America ; Madagascar.
Synopsis of the Species. I. Tail long, with at least 100 subcaudals ; nasals usually in con- tact behind the rostral ; no labials entering the eye.
Seales in 39 to 47 rows; ventrals
nN GMER wb sss 0 se.cons.es 1. cookii, p. 99. wo, Scales in 51 to 59 rows; ventrals SE ais kikincis «Vice dh ced eh 2. hortulanus, p. 101. “2
Il. Tail moderate, with 64 to 82 subcaudals; rostral in contact with a pair of small shields separating the nasals ; no labials entering the eye.
Scales in 54 rows; ventrals 260.... 3. annulatus, p. 102. Scales in 61 to 71 rows ; ventrals 188— 3) Miles sip dss vic advelaen » 4. caninus, p. 102.
III. Tail short, with 30 to 48 subcaudals; rostral in contact with a pair of small shields separating the nasals; eye in contact with labials; scales in 41 to 53 rows; ventrals SEMPER s b's os a'ecssces sos 5. madagascariensis, p. 103.
1. Corallus cookii. (Puare IV. fig. 3.)
Boa hortulana, part., gong Phys. 7% ii, p. 392 (1837). Corallus cookii, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 42 (1842). —— hortulanus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 97 fag
" Xiphosoma ruschenbergii, pe Journ. Ac. Philad, viii. 1876, p. 129;
4 ‘ocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 527 (1882).
—— hortulanum, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiv. 1887, p. 279.
Rostral as broad as deep, or slightly deeper, not or = scarcely x
100 BOIDE.
visible from above; nasals in contact behind the rostral, followed
by a pair of large prefrontals; a series of enlarged supraoculars, separated from the eye by one series of scales; 9 to 18 scales from eye to eye across the forehead, and 11 to 14 round the eye; one or two large preoculars and two large loreals ; 11 to 14 upper labials, strongly pitted below and behind the eye, the anterior more or less distiuctly pitted; anterior lower labials not pitted. Scales in 30 to 47 rows. Ventrals 253-285; anal entire; subcaudals 101-118. Coloration very variable.
Total length 1550 millim. ; tail 320,
Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Trinidad, and Windward Islands of the West Indies.
A. Pale yellowish or greyish brown above, with two parallel or alternating series of large rhomboidal dark brown spots, descending to the sides, and which may inclose a yellowish ocellus ; upper surface of head with dark brown or black spots or marblings, and two dark streaks on each side behind the eye; lower parts yellowish, spotted with brown. (C. cookii, Gray.)
a. Hgr. d (Sc. 45; V.270; W. Indies. ch (Tyne) Esq. [P.]. ©. 118).
b. 44 (Se. 43; V. 273; C. St. Vincent. Mr. Cre Smith [C.]. 18). F. D. Godman, Esq.
c. 2 (Sc. 45; V. 263; C. uia Island, wen H. Smith [C.]. 108). renadines. F. D. Stee Esq.
d-f. Hgr. g (Sc. 41, 41; IslandofGrenada. G. Vitrey, Esq. [P.]. ¥. O73, 273; CO. 11 3, 107) & Q (Se. 41; V. 262; G. 106). g: é (Se. 43; V. 264; British Guiana. Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. . 112).
B. Blackish brown above, variegated with yellowish lines (the borders of the markings of the a form); belly blackish brown. (Var. melanea, Gray.)
h. eo (Sc. 43; V. 273; St. Vincent. Zoological Society. i. S (bs 43; V.264; C. Trinidad. J. H. Hart, Esq. [P.).
C. Yellowish brown above, uniform or with mere traces of the dark markings; belly yellow, without spots.
k-n. & (Se. 41; V. rs Island of Grenada. G. Murray, Esq. [P.}. C. 101), 9 (Se. 43 41; V. 270, ee :
109, 105), & g (Se 43; V,253; onl ).
9, CORALLUS. 101
D. Olive-brown above, some of the scales yellow, forming more or less distinct festooned lines (the borders of the markings of the typical form); all the scales edged with black, the black predominating on the tail; head with mere traces of the dark markings ; yal yellow, with a few small black spots. (X. ruschenbergii, Cope.)
oo 43; V. 263; Rosario de Cu- Mr, ©. Webber [C.].
C. 111). cuta, Colombia,
p. 2 (Se. 47; V. 262; Venezuela.
C. 107).
2. Corallus hortulanus.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. liv. fig. 2 (1784), & ii. pls. 1. & Lexxiy, fig. 1 (1735) ; Merrem, Beitr. ii. hag 1. ii. (1790),
Coluber hortulanus, us. Ad, Frid. p. 37 (1754).
Boa hortulana, Linn. 8. IN. i. p. 374 (1766); Bonnat. Encyci. Méth., Ophiol. p. 8, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1789) ; Schneid. Amph,. ii. 245 (1801) : Daud. tv. p 1 ee ee Miinch, vii.
saps p-1 iris, Linn. l.c.; Bonnat. l. c. Vipera Bis Laur. Syn. Rept, p. 102 dre adarensis, Laur’, 1. ¢ Coluber maderensis, Gmel, 8. N. i. p. 1092 (1788). — bitis, Gmel. l. ¢. Boa merremi, Schneid. Amph, ii. p. 259. —— elegans, Daud. t. c. p. 123, pl. lxi. Corallus obtusirostris, Daud. t. c. p. 259. Draco hortulanus, Oken, Lehrb. ay? iii. p. 277 (1816). Reo). ornatum, Wagl. in Spiz, Serp. Bras, p. 40, pl. xiv. fig. 2 pl Wag, 1. e. p. 43, pl. xv. —— hortulanum, Fiteing: N.’ Class. Rept. p, 04 (1896); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 545 (1844) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. p. be, 1. 7, pl. iii. (1864). Boa modesta, Reuss, Mus. Senckenbd. i. p. 129 (1834), as” , Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 392, pl. xiv. figs. 10 & Corallus hortulanus, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 42 (1842). —— maculatus, Gray, I. ¢. —— hortulanus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 97 (1849).
Rostral slightly deeper than broad, not or but scarcely visible from above ; nasals usually in contact behind the rostral, followed by a pair of large preefrontals ; a series of slightly enlarged supra- oculars, separated from the eye by one series of seales; 12 = 15 scales from eye to eye across the forehead, and 12 to 17 round the eye; a large preocular and two large loreals ; 12 to 14 upper labials, strongly pitted below and behind the eye; anterior lower labials not pitted, posterior deeply pitted. Scales in 51 to 59 rows. Ventrals 270-299; anal entire; subcaudals 108-128. Brown or
grey-brown above, with two alternating series of large, more or less distinct, dark brown, rhomboidal or roundish spots, which may be edged with yellowish ; head usually pale brown, with dark brown steaks edged with yellowish, viz. a curved one on the snout, from eye to eye, another on the middle of the back of the head, and two on each side, behind the eye ; head sometimes dark brown with
— 102 BOIDR.
yellow lines and marblings ; lower parts yellowish, more or less profusely spotted with brown.
Total length 1800 millim.; tail 320.
Guianas, Northern Brazil, Ecuador, Northern Peru.
a-b. g (Sc. 55; V. 289; British Guiana. - Demerara Mus. ©. 115) & her. (Se. oP). 51; V. 283; C. 118). c. Q’ ber 53; V. 285; Berbice. Lady Essex (P}. C. 126). (tyes C. maculatus.) d. & mer 57; V. 278; Surinam. r. Kappler [C.}. Sy Ye. ( (Re 59; V.291; Guiana. a 2S (Se. 55; V. 270; Bahia. Dr. Wucherer [C.}. 121 ). g: Se Sc. 57; V. 280; Upper Amazon. Mr. Bartlett [C.]. Se. 55; V. 287; Yurimaguas, Huallaga Dr. Hahnel [C.]. ig iss ; River, N.E. Peru. (o.]
i. Yg. (Sc. 55; V.277; Moyobamba, N.E. Mr. A. H. Roff[C.]. C. 112). eru.
3. Corallus annulatus.
Xiphosoma annulatum, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1876, p. 129, 1, xxviii. fig. 6; Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. p. 526, pl. “xxxi, kg. 4 (1882).
Rostral deeper than broad; two small shields behind the rostral, separating the nasals ; no enlarged supraoculars ; 12 scales from eye to eye, across the forehead ; three loreals and a preocular; 14 upper labials, all pitted ; anterior lower labials not pitted. Scales in 54 rows. Ventrals 260; anal entire; subcaudals 82. Ash- coloured, with darker oval figures on cach side; head and lower surfaces uniform.
Total length 755 millim. ; tail 132.
Costa Rica.
4, Corallus caninus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pls. xxxiv. figs. 1 & 2, & Ixxxi. & xevi. fig. 2 (1835).
Boas caninus, Linn, Mus, Ad. Frid. p. 39, pl. iii. (1754).
Boa canina, Linn, 8S. N. i. p. 378 (1760) Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii p. 242 (1801) ; Daud. Rept. v. p. 214 (1808) ; Schneid. Denkschr. Ak. Miinch, vii. 1821, p. 112; Gr. ise R.A. , Rept. pl. xix. fig. 2 (1830) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. 1. xiv. figs. 8 & 9 (1837).
—-- thalassina, Laur. Syn. Rok p. 30 30 (1768).
—— aurantiaca, Laur, 1. ¢
— exigua, Laur. l. c
—— hypnale, Schneid. Amph. ii, p. 243,
Draco caninus, Oken, Lehrb, Naturg. iii. p. 276 (1816).
ne). axeramboye, Wagl. in. Spiv, Serp. Bras, p. 45, pl. xvi. (182
- caninum, Fiteing. N. Class, Rept. p. 54 (1826); Dum. §& Bibr.
we 540 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 96 (les) 5 Sclater, Zool. Sketches (1861) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 91, +a ie (1864).
on scnte batesii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. 18 , p. 182, pl. xxiv,
9. CORALLUS. 103
Rostal as broad as deep or a little broader, deeply pitted on each side, scarcely visible from above, where it is in contact with a pair of small shields separating the nasals; a pair of large prefrontals may be present; enlarged supraocular, if present, separated from the eye by a series of scales; 9 to 12 scales from eye to eye across the forehead, and 10 to 14 round the eye; one or two prwoculars, and three loreals (the latter sometimes fused); 12 or 13 upper labials, all except the last deeply pitted ; first and last lower labials not pitted. Scales in 61 to 71 rows. Ventrals 188-219; anal entire; subcaudals 64-79. Adult bright green above, with white spots and cross bars, yellow inferiorly. Young yellowish, with the white markings edged with dark green or purplish black. Total length 1450 millim. ; tail 220.
Guianas, Brazil. a-b. 9 (Se. 65; V. 204; British Guiana. Demerara Mus. [P.]. ©. 74) & yg. (Sc. 65; V. 207 ; é 71). ¢. - ” ge 71; V. 207; Surinam. Lidth de Jeude Coll. . 79). d. oe 63; V. 197; Surinam. Hr. Kappler [C.}. . 74). e. C ‘@ 67; V. 196; R. Capin, Para. . 68). . Yg. (Se. 69; V. 219; Upper Amazon. H. W. Bates, Esq. t OS. ae (P. ; (Type of Chrysenis batesit.) g,h. 2 (Sc. 63, 61; V. Brazil. 213, 199; C. 78, 74). i. ¢ (Sc. 67; V. 201; 8S. America. Zoological Society.
C.70).
5. Corallus madagascariensis. Xiphosoma madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vi, p. 549 (1844) ; Ji con. Gén. p. 93, 1. 7, pl. iv. eee; Boettg. Ma. Seach. A Bee 1877, p. 21, and t. c. 1879, p. 470. Sanzinia madagascariensis, Gray, Cat. p, 99 (1849).
Rostral as broad as deep, just visible from above, followed by two or three pairs of small shields, the anterior of which separate the nasals ; the rest of the upper surface of the head covered with small, convex, tubercular scales; some of the scales above the eye may coalesce to form a supraocular shield; 8 to 11 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 13 to 15 upper labials, one, two, or three of which enter the eye, with deep pits between them ; all the lower labials deeply pitted. Scales in 41 to 53 rows, Ventrals 200-234 ; anal entire; subcaudals 30-48. Brown or olive above, with two longitudinal series of large roundish or rhomboidal dark brown spots with yellow centre and border ; an oblique dark brown streak on each side from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; lower
yellow, uniform or with small brown spots.
Total length 1300 millim. ; tail 130.
Madagascar.
fh ijathy.
=
—) |e ee oe
ae g (Se, 43, 43, 43; S.E, Betsileo Mr. T. Waters [C.].
d-e, f-g, h-i. 3 (Sc. 41, | Ankafana, Betsileo. aa if D. Cowan
; V. 200; —_ Betsileo, i a. A. Shaw G. 37).
i,m. Yg. (Sc. 68,49; V. M car.
, 99 ( 0.46, ' adagas
10. ENYGRUS.
Enygrus, Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 166 (1830); Dum. §& Bibr. Erp.
én. Vi. p. 476 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 105 (1849).
Boa, part., Schleg. Phys, Serp. li. p. 873 (1837).
Enygrus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 76 (1865).
Erebophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 131; Peters §& Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 405.
Fig. 6.
Head of Enygrus asper.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth very large, the rest small and subequal. Head distinct from neck, covered with small scales. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body compressed. Scales keeled. ‘Tail short, prehensile; subcaudals single.
Moluccas, Papuasia, Polynesia.
a eT 7
10. eNyeRUS. 105
Synopsis of the Species. Ventrals 232-252; subcaudals 51-62; 37-
41 scales round the body; a series of
Oe Aaa eee 1. australis, p. 105. Ventrals 210-225; subcaudals 50-58 ; 31-
33 scales round the body; a series of
MINCE SEL. 5 Gs 540000 sce on adeens 2. bibronii, p. 106.
‘Ventrals 160-200 ; subcaudals 38-56 ; 33-
43 scales round the body; two or ‘three
labials entering the eye .........+.... 3. carinatus, p, 107. Ventrals 131-146; subcaudals 15-21; 33-
39 scales round the body; a series of
I os OE vidin.ns osc sk mlae caKaee 4, asper, p. 109.
1. Enygrus australis.
Eny, bibronii (non Hombr. § Jacq.), Girard, U.S. Explor. Beye » Herp. p. 117 (1858) ; Bavay, Mém. Soe. ‘Linn. Norm. xv.
Boa australis, Montrouzier, Rev, et Mag. Zool. xii. 1860, p. 95.
Snout prominent and obliquely truncate ; canthus rostralis rounded. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above ; head- scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels; eleven to fourteen scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye sur- rounded by a circle of fourteen to eighteen scales; ten to fourteen upper labials, separated from the eye by a series of scales, Seales rather strongly keeled, the keels forming straight lines on the back ; 37 to 41 scales round the thickest part of the body. Ven- trals 232-252; anal entire; subcaudals 51-62. Coloration very variable ; no black line along the side of the belly.
Total length 1130 millim.; tail 140.
New Britain, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, Loyalty Islands, Samoa.
A. Brown, olive, or reddish above, with a series of large darker dorsal spots, which may be confluent into a zigzag band; a series of large light spots may be present along each side of the body; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, and a dark cross bar from eye to eye ; belly spotted with brown or black.
a. & (Sc. 37; V. 239; Duke of York Island, Rev. G. Brown[C.}.
C, 55). b. 2 (Sc. 41; V. 237; San Christoval. Museum of Econo- C. 59). mic Geology. e-d. 2 (Se. 87; V. 233; Santa Anna Island, H. B. Guppy, Esq. ©, 58) & har. (Se. 37 ; Solomons, [P.}. V. 244; OC. 55). é. 6 (Se. 87; V. 244; Loyalty Islands. Sir G. Grey [P.]. . 60).
t-h. & (Sc. 89; V. 248; Samoa Islands, an : J, Whitmee
245; 0. 59), & YE
60). im. 2 (Se. 37, 41; V. Coast of Savaii. _ Rev. 8. J. Whitmee 245, 240; O. Gl, 54), (P.].
her. (Sc. 40; V. 252; C. 51), & ye: (Se. 39; V. 237; C. 60).
B. Pale reddish brown above, with a dark brown vertebral stripe edged with yellow ; uniform yellow beneath.
n. Her. (Sc. 41; V.235; New Hebrides. D. MeNab, Esq. C. ?). [P.]. C. Uniform pale brown or orange above, yellowish beneath. o. 2 (Se. 87; V. 244; 58S. Christoval. H.M.S. ‘ Herald.’ C. 60). ‘ p. 3 (Se. 37; V. 235; 8. Christoval. Museum of Eco. | C. P). nomic Geology. q. 3. (Sc. 37; V. 232; Southern island of H. B. Guppy, C. 56). the Three Sisters, [P.]. Solomons, r. Hgr. (Se. 39; V. 236; | New Hebrides. er Esq. : C. 59). “he s. Yg. (Se. 39; V. 235; Havannah Harbour, Dr. Corrie [P.}. C. 61). New Hebrides.
2. Enygrus bibronii. Enygrus bibronii, Hombr. & Jacq. Voy. Péle Sud, Zool., Rept. p. 18 ie" (1842); Dum. & Bibr, vie p. 489 (1844) +. Gray, Cat. p 108 1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 77, 1.2, pl. iti. (1861).
Snout prominent and obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis rounded. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above ; head-scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels ; ten to fourteen scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye surrounded by a circle of 14 to 18 scales; 11 to 14 upper labials, separated from the eye by a series of scales. Scales rather strongly keeled, the keels forming straight lines on the back; 31 to 33 scales round the thickest part of the body. Ventrals 210-225; anal entire; subcaudals 50-58. Olive, greenish, or greyish above, with brown, reddish, or black spots, which may be confluent into longitudinal bands on the neck; or reddish brown with black and yellow spots; a dark stripe on each side of the head behind the eye; tail with large, dark, black-edged spots separated by narrow yellow interspaces ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or spotted or marbled with black ; usually a black line or series of small spots running along the outer border of the ventrals on the anterior part of the body.
Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 130.
San Christoval, Fiji, and Tonga Islands.
10. ENyeRUS. 107
-
a. & (Se. 31; V. 216; 0.53). San Christoval, Museum of Econo- mic Geology. .
b, e-d. 3 (Sc. 32; V. 219; Fiji Islands. R. oar) wie
C. 55), 2 (Se. 31; V. 212; Esq. [C.].
C. 50), & hgr. (Se. 33 ;
V. 213; C. 52). e. 3 (Sc. 38; V.223; ©. 58). Fiji Islands. TLMS. ‘ Herald.’ f. S (Se. 81; V. 218; C.?). Fiji Islands. Mus, Godeffroy. g. Q (Sc. 81; V. 220; 0.51). Friendly Islands. Mus. Godeffroy. . h-i. g (Se. 833; V. 225; New Caledonia (?).
©. 61) & 3B (Se. 33;
V. 219; C. 52). é ; k. Hgr. ¢, skel. Fiji Islands. R. Macgillivray,
Esq. [6.}
3. Enygrus carinatus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxviii. figs. 3-6 (1735); Merrem, Ann. Wetter. Ges. ii, 1810, p. 60, pl. ix. Boa carinata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 261 (1801); Daud. Rept. vy. p. 222 (1803); Schneid. Scheie Akad. Miinch. vii. 1821, , fis; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 397, pl. xiv. figs. 12 & 13 1837). Cencbris ocellata, Gray, Griff. A. K. ix. Syn. p. 97 (1831). Candoia carinata, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 13 (aa). Enygrus carinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 479 (1844); Gray, Cat. . 105 (1849) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 76, 1. 2, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1861); Deters Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 405. superciliosus, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. is) xii. 1863, p. 360, pl. vi. fig. D.
Snout very prominent, obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis angular. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above; head- scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels; some of the supraocular scales may be enlarged ; five to ten scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; eye bordered by 10 to 14 scales and two or three labials; 10 to 13 upper labials. Seales strongly keeled, the keels forming straight lines ; 33 to 43 scales round the thickest part of the body. Ventrals 160-200; anal entire; sub- caudals 38-56. Coloration very variable.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 110.
Pelew Islands, Moluccas, Timor Laut, New Guinea, New Ireland, and New Britain, Solomon Islands.
A. Yellowish or pale brown above, with dark brown markings, some or all of which are confluent into stripes; loreal and temporal regions dark brown, with a few yellowish spots; belly yellowish, powdered with brown in the middle, with elongate dark brown blotches or a stripe on each side,
a. Hgr. (Se. 33; V. 166; Amboyna, co.
b-e. Her. (Sc. 35, 33; N. Ceram. V. 183, 179; C. ?, 51). d. 2(Se. 87; V.187; C.52). Mansinam, N.Guinea.
108 BOIDA,
e-t. Q (Se. 35, 33, 35; Duke of York Id. v. 181, 1 181, 186; C. 56, 51, 50) & g. (Se. 35, 35; v. 175, 185; CO. 50, 53).
B. Yellowish or brown above, with rhomboidal dark brown or blackish spots, or with a dark zigzag dorsal band; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye ; belly dotted or spotted with black.
Rey. G. Brown [C.].
k. He. (Se. 33; V. 183; Pelew Islands. G. L, King, Esq, [P.}. (Type of E. superciliosus.
l. Vien: (Se. 383; V. 170; Amboyna.
C. 50).
m. ata (Se. 33; V. 177; N. Ceram.
Be m (Se. 35; V.163; Timor Laut. H. O. Forbes, Esq. © C. ne 2 (Se. 33 ; [C.]. V. 172; C. 46).
p. & (Se. 87; V. 180; C. ?). q: ot (Se 87; V. 184;
New Guinea, S. of Huon Gulf.
Dr. Comrie [C.].
Normanby, Louisiade B. H. Thomson, Esq.
Archipelago, wi
r. 2 ue 39; V. 178; omelies ,Louisiade B. homson, Esq. Archipelago.
8. Hiss, (Se. 35; V. 200; Solomon Islands. G. refft, Esq, [P.].
9 (Se 1,48; V. 189, 188; C. 4 v. 3 Ac a; V. 183 ;
Faro Isl., Solomon Group. Shortland Isl., Solo-
H. 2 Guppy, Esq. H. B. Guppy, Esq.
mon Group. » fe es 3 Gbe. 39,39; V.196, Treasury Isl., Solo- H. B. Guppy, Esq. 196; C. 39, ”40), 2 (Se. mon Group. [P.]. 39, 39, 43 ; V. 186, ae 187; 0, 43, 38, 39), & ,’ (Se. 39, 39, 39; V. 198, 195,191; ©. 41, 39, 42). e-n. 2 - 41,41; V.185, Florida Isl.,Solomon C. M. Woodford, 187 ; 40, 43) & di _ Group. Esq. [C.]. (Se. ne "'V.179; 0. ih 6-1. 3 (Se. 37; v. San Christoval. Mus. of Economic 0. 41) & her. (Se. 30 Geology. V. 192; C. 42). : kK. ra A 37; V. 195; San Christoval. H, a Guppy, Esq. r. 2 “< . 85; V. 194; Sta. AnnaIsl., Solo- H. B. Guppy, Esq. 40). mon Group. p gt pe. 3 (Se. 37; V. 187; Ugi Isl, Solomon H. B. Guppy, Esq. 40).° Group. x,
v S akel
Solomon Islands.
H. B. Guppy, Esq. [P.}
C. Yellowish or pale reddish brown above, uniform or with small
darker spots. €. Hgr. (Sc. 33; V. 178; ” ©. 48).
Pelew Islands.
G. L. King, Esq. [P.].
(Type of £. superciliosus. )
' < 4 sin te atl ete TO el i
ll. TRACHYBOA. 109
o, - o 37; V. 183; Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ mw. 2 (Sc. 33; V.175; Misol. C. 48
p. 2 & $3; V. 177; New Guinea,S.of Dr. Comrie [C.]. C, 41). Huon Gulf. “tg 45) . 89; V. 187; Solomon Islands. G. Krefft, Esq. [P.].
4, Enygrus asper.
Erebophis asper, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 132, pl. xxi. ; Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. 1878, p. 89; Peters §& Doria, Ann. Mus, Genov. xiii. 1878, p. 406, pl. iv.; Hubrecht, Notes Leyd. Mus. i. 1879, p. 19.
Snout prominent, obliquely truncate; canthus rostralis angular. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above; head-scales small, irregular, with small tubercles or short keels ; eight or nine scales from eye to eye across the forehead; eye surrounded by a circle of 13 or 14 scales; ten or eleven upper labials. Scales strongly keeled, the keels forming oblique lines; 33 to 39 scales round the thickest part of the bedy. Ventrals 131-146; anal entire ; subcaudals 15-21. Reddish brown above, with a dorsal series of large dark-brown, black-edged spots, which may be con- fluent into a zigzag band; yellowish beneath, uniform or with dark brown spots.
Total length 730 millim.; tail 55.
Misol, Salawatty, New Guinea, and Duke of York Island.
a. 2 (Se. 33; V.140; C.16). Andai, N. Guinea. b. 2 (Se. 39; V.146; C. 20). Duke of York Isl. si = [C.]}.
c. Skeleton. Duke of York Isl.
11, TRACHYBOA.
Trachyboa, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 200. Enygrus, part., Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 76 (1865).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck, covered with scales ; no rostral shield; nostril in a single nasal. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body compressed, Scales kee mA Tail short, pre- hensile; subcaudals single.
South America.
1. Trachyboa gularis. Trachyboa gularis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1860, p. 200, pl. —. fig. 1. Enygrus is, Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 77, 1. 2, pl. ii. fig. 3 (1861).
Snout scarcely prominent. Upper head-scales small, convex, keeled, a few on the snout transversely enlarged and smooth; eye
1)
110 BOIDz.
bordered by one labial (fifth or sixth) and 11 to 13 scales; 23 to 26 shields round the upper Jip; four pairs of shields bordering the mental groove. Scales strongly keeled, in 29 to 31 rows. Ven- trals 149-152; anal entire; subcaudals 25-30. Brown above, darker on the top of the head and the middle of the nape; two alternating series of large black spots on each side, the lower largest and extending on the belly, which is yellowish.
Total length 395 millim.; tail 39.
Guayaquil; Brazil.
12. UNGALIA.
Unc art., Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 873 (1837). ngalia, Gray, Zool, Mise. p. 46 1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 104 (1849). Trp Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept. p. 207 (1843); Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 488 (1844); Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 74 (1865). Leionotus, Bibr. 1. ce, p. 211. Notophis, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 156.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct. from neck, covered with shields, viz. a pair of internasals, one or two pairs of prefrontals, a pair of supraoculars, a frontal, and a pair of parietals; nostril between two nasals; no loreal. Eye moderate, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical or compressed; scales moderate, smooth or keeled. Tail short, pointed, prehensile; subcaudals single.
West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica), Guate- mala, Ecuador, Peru.
Synopsis of the Species. I. Vertebral scales not enlarged.
Scales in 23 rows, keeled; ventrals 149- '
160 «520. a2s' sien '6 aie te apn eis Wen tio od 1. taczanowskyi, p. 111. Scales in 25 rows, tectiform; ventrals 208. 2. moreletit, p. 111. Scales in 27 or 29 rows, keeled; ventrals
WS —Z2A . s tins syarare 2 aon aioe ae Avs talonse 3. melanura, p. 111. Scales in 25 to 29 rows, smooth or dorsals
feebly keeled; ventrals 171-211...... 4. maculata, p. 112. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, smooth; ventrals
ESS-1OB ... ..5.0s.c yu eee eee thee 5. pardalis, p. 113. Scales in 21 or 23 rows, smooth; ventrals
DOMABOO vc ssn CS ak eaadns epee 6. semicincta, p. 113.
Il. Scales of vertebral row enlarged..~
Scales in 25 rows, smooth ; ventrals 188.. 7. conjuneta, p. 113. Scales in 23 rows, keeled ; " ventrals 168 . of oe aah p- 114.
mina Se ee a ae . Fy +
12, UNGALIA. lll
1. Ungalia taczanowskyi. Ungalia taczanowskyi, Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, \xxx. 1880, p- 522, pl. —.
Head slightly distinct from neck. ostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, longer > than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals ; one or two pre- and two postoculars ; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales keeled, three outer rows a. smooth, in 23 rows. Ventrals 149-160; anal entire; subcaudals 25. Brown above, with darker longitudinal streaks or series of spots; a series of large black spots and yellowish dots on each side ; sides of belly black ; ventrals black and yellow.
Total length 345 millim.; tail 40.
Ecuador and Peru.
a. 2 (V. 149; C. 25). Guayaquil.
2. Ungalia moreletii. Se ocTT ia moreletii, Bocourt, Bull. .Soc. Philom. (2) ix. 1885, p- ll
Ungalia moreletii, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. pl. xlii. fig. 5 (186). , pea I
Head slightly distinct from neck. Rostral slightly broader than deep, visible from above ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one pre-and two postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales tectiform, in 25 rows. Ventrals 208; anal entire ; subcaudals 34. Pale brown above, with two longitudinal series of
: large blackish spots edged with yellowish; a single series of spots on the tail; lower parts yellowish white, with a few small ish-brown spots on the sides.
Total length 442 millim. ; tail 45.
Vera Paz, Guatemala.
3. Ungalia melanura.
Boa melanura, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 399 (1837), and Abbdild. pl. xxvi. (1844).
Ungalia melanura, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 46 (1842), and Cat. p. 104
*1 dl Ba og Proe, Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 129; Gundl. Erp. Cub. Pp. ).
Tropidophis melanurus, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba. K P'208, pl xxii, (1848) ; Dum. § Bir. vic py 401 (1844) ; wen, con. Gén, p. 75, 1. 5, pl. 1. fig. 1 (1864).
Notophis bicarinatus, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1856, p, 156.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one pre- and three post- oculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 27 or 29 rows, feebly keeled, four or five outer rows smooth.
ae
112 BOIDA.
Ventrals 203-224; anal entire ; subcaudals 32-41. Pale yellowish or greyish brown above, with small darker spots with yellowish ocelli; two dark streaks, more or less distinct, along each side of the body, the upper extending to the head and passing through the eye; a dark vertebral line may be present; end of tail usually blackish ; lower parts yellowish, uniform or dotted with brown. Total length 480 millim. ; tail 50.
Cuba. a. 2 (Se. 27; V. 211; C. 33). Cuba. Zoological Society. b. Hgr. (Sc. 29; V. 224; C. 35). —? <n
4. Ungalia maculata.
Leionotus maculatus, Bibr. in R. de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, Rept. p- 212, En xxiv. (1843).
Boa pardalis, part., Gundlach, Arch. f. Nat. 1840, . 359.
Tropidophis maculatus, part., Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 494 (1844).
Chilabothrus inornatus, part., Gray, Cat. p. 103 (1849).
Ungalia maculata, part., Gray, l. c. p. 104 (1849).
Boa pardalis, Gosse, Nat. Soy. Jamaica, p. 324 (1851).
Tropidophis maculatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 75, 1. 5, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1864).
distinctus, Jan, J. c. pl. i. fig. 2.
Ungalia pardalis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1868, p. 129.
—— bucculenta, Cope, J. ¢.
—— dipsadina, Cope, /. c. p. 180.
— hetiana, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Soc. xviii. 1879, p. 273;
Garm. op. cit, xxiv. 1887, p. 279. siiabaintic Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 69 (1880).
Head distinct from neck. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little longer than the parietals ; one or two pre- and two or three post- oculars ; nine or ten upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth (rarely fourth or fifth only) entering the eye. Scales smooth, or dorsals feebly keeled, in 25 to 29 rows. Ventrals 171-211; anal entire ; subcaudals 27-42. Yellowish, reddish, or greyish brown above, with six or eight longitudinal series of more or less dark, sometimes light-edged, alternating spots, the two middle series largest; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; belly yellowish or brownish, with two longitudinal series of large blackish spots which often alternate.
Total length 530 millim. ; tail 65.
Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, Navassa.
a, 3 (Sc. 27; V. 183; Cuba. C. 37).
o. 9 (Se. 25; V. 189; S. Domingo. C. 38
. 88). ‘e,d,e. 9 (Sc. 27; V. Jamaica. -~ P.H. Gosse, Esq. [P.}.
181; C. 28) & yg. (Sc. 27, 27; V. 174, 182 ; C. 31, 37).
113
5. Ungalia pardalis. Boa pardalis, Gundlach, Arch. f, Nat. 1840, p. 359. Tropidophis kins part., ” Dum. & Bibr. vi (1844). Ungelis maculata, part., Gray, Cat. p. 104 (sib) maculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 1 Unguslia curta, Garm. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Soe, ‘1887, p. 279.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above; frontal longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout ; ; parietals short ; one pra- and three postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales perfectly smooth, in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 142-155; anal entire; subcaudals 24-30. Pale brown above, with six longi- tudinal series of alternating dark brown spots, the two dorsal series largest and close together ; a dark patch on the crown, a cross bar on the snout, and a dark streak on each side of the head, through the eye; lower parts yellowish, spotted with dark brown.
Fare length 250 millim. ; tail 30.
a. Q (Se. 23; V.155; C.30). Cuba. —~ PP. B. Webb, Esq. [P.].
6. Ungalia semicincta. ia (Lionotus) 1 Na var. semicincta, Gundl. § Peters, Mon.
erl. Ac, 1864, Baan —— semicinc . fis. Cuba, ii. 1868, By Fh Proe. Ac. . . 1868, p- 130; Gundl. Erp. Cub. p. 70 (1880).
Like U. maculata, but scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 202- 205. A single series of large black spots on each side of the body ; these spots often confluent and forming cross bands.
Cuba.
7. Ungalia conjuncta. Tropidophis conjunctus, Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb, Wiss. Anst. v. 1888, eB, pl i. fg. 5.
Head distinct from neck. Rostral just visible from above; a single pair of prefrontals ; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; parietals short; one pre- and three postoculars ; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering
the eye. Scales in 25 rows, perfectly smooth, of vertebral row
enlarged and hexagonal. Ventrals 188; anal entire; subcaudals 40. Greyish brown above, with six longitudinal 7 of black VOL. I.
= + “~~
114 BoD.
spots, the two middle ones largest and close together ; beneath with large black spots. Total length 430 millim. ; tail 44, Santo Domingo.
8. Ungalia cana. Ungalia cana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 129.
Head rather wide behind. One pra- and three postoculars; ten — ;
upper labials. Scales in 23 rows, keeled, except six outer rows, vertebral row enlarged. Ventrals 168. Grey-brown above, witha more or less distinct dorsal series of transverse darker spots; a brown band from the eye to the neck ; below yellowish grey, densely punctated at middle of ventrals.
Total length 340 millim. ; tail 35.
Inagua Island, Bahamas.
13. UNGALIOPHIS.
Ungaliophis, F. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 142. Peropodum, Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 522 (1882).
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck, covered with shields, viz. a large azygous prefrontal, a pair of supraoculars, a frontal, and a parietal; loreal present; nostril between three shields. Eye moderate; pupil vertical. Body strongly compressed; scales moderate and smooth. Tail short, prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Guatemala.
: 1. Ungaliophis continentalis. - Peropodum n. sp. et g., F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, p. 652, pl. i. Ungaliophis continentalis, F. Miill. op. cit. vii. 1882, p. 142. Peropodum guatemalensis, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 523, pl. xxxi. fig. 5 (1882), ~
Head slightly distinct from neck. Rostral visible from above; prefrontal larger than the frontal, which is subcordiform and as long as broad ; parietal short ; loreal as long as deep; one pree- and two postoculars; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 25 rows. Ventrals 258; anal entire; subcaudals 47. Pale greyish brown above; a large black blotch, edged with yellow, on the head, bifurcating posteriorly and extending as two stripes on the neck ; two alternating series of large oval black, yellow- edged spots on the back; a lateral series of smaller spots; a black streak from the nostril to the eye, and two others, diverging, behind the eye; lower parts speckled with black and yellow.
Total length 760 millim. ; tail 80. ~
North-western Guatemala.
Eunectes, Wagl. Logi p. 167 (1890) 5
); Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 102 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck; snout covered with shields; nostril directed upwards, between three nasals, the upper of which are in contact behind the rostral. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales very small, smooth. Tail short, slightly prehensile; subcaudals single.
South America.
1. Eunectes murinus.
Seba, Thes. ii. pl. xxix. fig. 1 (1735).
Boa murina, Linn. S. N. i. p. 374 (1766); Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p- 241 (1801); Daud. Rept. v. p. 155 (1803); Schneid. Denkschr. Pa Ory, ( 17). , p- 108; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 380, pl. xiv.
—— scytale, part., Linn. le.
— sc Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 248.
—— gigas, an Rept. iii. p. 136 (1802).
—— anacondo, Daud. t. c. p. 161, pl. xiii. fig. 2
a a, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 226 (1825), and Abbild.
Eunectes murinus, Gray, Gr: A, K. ix., Syn. hee (1831); Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 528 (1844) ; , Cat. p. 102 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 84, L. 6, pl. iii. (1864).
Rostral as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above: a pair of large preefrontals, followed by smaller shields; large loreal, a large preocular, and a large supraocular; three postoculars and two suboculars, separated from the labials by a series of small shields; fifteen to seventeen upper labials. Scales smooth, in 57 to 63 rows. Ventrals 242-266; anal entire; subcaudals 56-73. Greyish brown or olive above, with a single series or with two alternating series of large blackish transverse spots and one or two lateral series of blackish ocelli with white centres; top of the head dark, separated from the paler sides by a black streak forming a point on the snout; an oblique black streak on each side of the head, behind the eye; lower parts whitish, spo‘ted with black.
Total length 6600 millim.; is said to attain a length of 10 metres (33 feet).
Guianas, Brazil, N.E. Peru,
a,b. Hgr. ¢ (Se. 59; V. 247; *. Surinam. Lidth de Jeude a a Je (Sc. 59; V. Collection. 247; 0. 63).
e. Yq. (Sc. 63; V. 245; C.67). British Guiana.
da. le stffd. Para. -
1:
116 BOID.®,
e,f. Yg. (Se. 59, 61; V. 248, Brazil.
251; C. 64, 71). , gf Ad., stffd. 8. America. ., skel. S. America. ., Skull, Cayenne. 15. BOA. art., Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 373 (1766); Schleg. Phys. ii. Bom Pa Gasn Sy P- ) 5 hys. Serp.
Ccndsichint Laur, Syn. Rep rp . 106 Mebns
Boa, Wagl. Syst. priser p- et (1830) ; Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 500 (1844); Gray, Cat. oe (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, p. 80 (1864) ; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex, Ret. p- B17 (1882).
Draco (non casas , part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. i O18 ae Tn
Byers Se (non Dej.), Dum. &§ "Bibr, t, c. p. 528 ; Greg. be ec pl Jan, le
Accarhepie Ta Jan, l. C. p. 82; Bocourt, l. e. p. 521.
Anterior maxillary ‘and mandibular teeth longest, gradually decreasing in size. Head distinct from neck, covered with small scales, with or without enlarged shields on the loreal and supra- ocular regions; nostril between two or three nasals. Eye rather small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical or feebly compressed ; scales very small, smooth. Tail short, more or less prehensile; sub- caudals all or part single.
Tropical America; Madagascar.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Loreal region with small scales or a single small shield; sub- caudals 45 to 69.
Scales in 81 to 95 rows on the thickest
part of the body; ventrals 234-243;
rostral a little broader than deep; sym-
physial at least as long as broad ...... 1. constrictor, p. 117. Scales in 65 to 87 rows; ventrals 242-251 ;
rostral as deep as broad ; : symphysial
broader than long ...............005 2. occidentalis, p. 118. Scales in 65 to 75 rows; ventrals 258-275 ;
rostral a little broader than deep ; sym- “¥
J physial at least as long as broad ...... 3. diviniloqua, p. 118.
Scales in 61 to 79 rows; ventrals 225-252;
rostral as deep as broad ; symphysial at
least as long as broad ............. Pies ¥ imperator, p. 119. Seales in S5TOWS .54 5 Giee bcc conan -.. 5. mewicana, p. 119.
II. Loreal region with several shields; subcaudals 20 to 41. Scales in 59 to 65 rows; subcaudels 20
33 a otacd be v.60 e » eieaig ice Sekine ee ene - 6. dumerilii, p. 120. Scales in 69 to 77 rows; subca lidale 34 COA) 58 ie ee i CS Re Limatagar anne,
j j [p. 120.
15. Boa. 117
1. Boa constrictor.
Linn. Amen, Acad, i, p. 497, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1749). Boa constrictor, Linn. 8. Ni, p. 873 (1 66); Schneid. Denkschr. Ak. Miinch, vii. 1821, p. 114, Lv. fg Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. 211 (1825) ; Dum. §& B . 507 (1844) ; Gray, Cat, p. 100 {is4g) ; —, Icon. Gén. . Sl, 1 pl. i. (1864). Constrictor f ormosissimus, Laur. Syn. Shace Pp. 107 (1768). SBibenies. see gy mening a
Laur, l. ¢. Boa constrictrix, fn Gohncid. His Hist Amph, ii. Right —— constrictor, t. v. Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. Sri ol civ fe figs. 6 S6k7 (1437). Om) Sg
Snout slightly prominent in the 9 cbdacile truncate in the young. Rostral a little broader than deep; symphysial at least as long as broad; head-scales small, slightly larger on the snout; no shields; one of the preeoculars slightly enlarged; 18 to 24 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 16 to 20 scales round the eye, which is separated ‘from the labials by two or three series of scales ; 21 to 25 upper labials. Scales in 81 to 95 rows. Ventrals 234— 243; anal entire; subcaudals 49-60. Pale brown above, with 15 to 20 dark brown cross bars widening on each side and, if connected by a dark dorso-lateral streak, enclosing large elongate oval or elliptical spots of the pale ground-colour; a light longitudinal line in the outer widened portion of the dark cross bars; on each side a series of large dark brown spots with light centres, most of which alternate with the dorsal bars; on the tail the markings become much larger, brick-red, edged with black, and separated by narrow yellowish interspaces ; head with a dark brown median line extend- ing from between the nostrils to the nape, widening behind, some- times loop-shaped; a crescentic blackish marking on the rostral ; a dark brown streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, and sending down a process between the end of the snout and the eye; a dark brown bar below the eye and two on each side of the lower lip; belly yellowish, dotted, or dotted and spotted with
black. Total length 3355 millim.; tail 330. Reaches to 12 feet
( Wied). South America, from Venezuela to Buenos Ayres.
a, b. Yg. (Se. 89, 87; V. 238, Tobago. W. A. Ludlam,
” 997. "0, 49, 55). (P.} ital
ce. Yg. (Se. 95; V. 240; C, 50). Trinidad.
d. Yg. (Sc. 93; V. 239; C.54). Cayenne.
e. ¢ (Sc. 89; V. 238; C.56). Para. 7 P. Smith, Esq.[P
f. Yg. (Se. 87; V. 243; 0.51). Pernambuco. ip Vepy Forbes,
g-h. Yg. (Sc. 85,85; V.241, Moyobamba, Mr. A. H. arcs 238 ; C. 56, 50). .E. Peru,
i,k,l. 2 & hgr., stfid. S. America. ;
m. Ad., skel, Trinidad. Lord Harris [P.}.
n. Hr., skel. —-?
o. Hgr., skull, Cayenne.
118 BOID®.
2. Boa occidentalis.
eens; Philippi, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturw. xli, 1873, p. 127, pl. iii.
Snout slightly prominent. Rostral as broad as deep, not visible from above ; symphysial broader than long; head-scales small, largest on the snout; no shields; one of the preoculars slightly enlarged ; 15 to 18 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 16 to 20 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by two or three series of scales; 21 or 22 upper labials. Scales in 64 to 87 rows. Ventrals 242-251; anal entire; subcaudals 45. Dark brown above, with yellowish markings, mostly in the form of rings and small spots; head brown, with the markings as in B. constrictor, but less distinct and bordered with yellowish ; lower parts yellowish, dotted and marbled with brown.
Total length 2200 millim. -
Argentine Republic (provinces Mendoza, San Juan, and Cordoba).
a. g (Sc.87; V.242; ©.?). Salt Desert, Prov. _ E. C. Knight, Esq. Cordoba. (P.}.
3. Boa diviniloqua.
Seba, ii. pl. C. fig. 1 (1784).
? Boa ophrias, Linn. S. N. i. p. 374 (1766).
Constrictor diviniloquus, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 108 (1768).
Boa constrictor, part., Daud. Rept. v. p. 174 (1803); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 373 (1887).
—— diviniloqua, Dum. § Bibr. vi. P. 515 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 100 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 81, 1. 5, pl. iii. (1864).
Snout rather prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral a little broader than deep; symphysial at léast as long as broad ; head-scales small, a little enlarged on the snout; no shields; one of the pre- oculars slightly enlarged ; 18 to 20 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 14 to 19 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales. Scales in 65 to 75 rows of scales. Ventrals 258-275; anal entire; subcaudals 55-69. Brown or olive above, with 25 to 30 darker spots or cross bands on the body, and a latetal series of spots and vertical bars with light centres ; head-markings as in B. constrictor, but sometimes rather indistinct; the longitudinal line on the head broader, often inter- rupted or scalloped ; tail black and yellow; lower parts yellowish, spotted and dotted with black or olive, sometimes entirely blackish. -
Total length 2100 millim.; tail 170.
Dominica, St. Lucia, Trinidad.
a-b. 2 (Sc. 69; V. 265; C. 52) Dominica. G. A. Ramage, Esq. & yg. (Sc. 67; V. 258; C. 60). ©.}. ec. Ad., stfid. St. Lucia. Zoological Society. d,e. 3 (Sc. 73; V. 275; C. 66) Trinidad. & 2 (Se. 67; V. 272; C. 55). ; fig. & (Se. 71; V. 274; C. 66) —? Zoological Society, & 2 (Se. 71; V. 282; C. 65). |
i i "hy “br Fh a - - Pe,
15. Boa. 119
4. Boa imperator.
Boa im Gray, Oat. 9.101 C849) « dork ; Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 519 ei a, Perk nat Ge Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 81, 1.6, pl. i.
(1864) ; at Miller, erh. nat. Ges ‘Basel, vi. 1878, p. 650; Bocourt,
Miss, Se. Mex., Rept p- 519, dq xxx, fig. "8 (1882); Garm. N. Am.
Rept. p. 8 (1883) ; U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 32, ¥887, p. 65. BP ues, Lyd. ee Bonite, Zool. i. p. 144, "Rept. pl. iv. (1841); Dum, Bibr. t. ¢. p. 521; Gray, lc. ; Cope, Proc. Ac.
Philad. 1861, p. 808; Jan, 1. c. p. 82, 1. 6, pl. ii. —— ortonii, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1878, p. 35. — constrictor, var. isthmica, Garm. l. ¢. p. 9. Snout scarcely prominent. Rostral as broad as deep, not visible 2 from above ; symphysial at least as long as broad ; head-scales small, -" sometimes slight] enlarged on the snout; an enlarged loreal some- as times present, in font of the preoculars, one of which is more or less ialaresd - 15 to 18 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye; 14 to 20 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two series of scales; 18 to 21 upper labials. « Scales in 61 to 79 rows. Ventrals 225-252; anal entire; subcaudals 47-65. Coloration as in B. constrictor, but no red on the tail, and dorsal cross bars more numerous, viz. 22 to 30 on the body; the dark line on the middle of the head usually with a process on each side between the eye, thus forming a cross. Total length 2800 millim. ; tail 280. Mexico to Western South America (Colombia to Peru). a. 7 Sc. 79; V.238; Ventanas, Mexico. Hr. A. Forrer [C.].
C. 59). b. og nag 69; V.235; Atoyac, Mexico. Mr. H. H. Smith [C.}.
F. D. G ed. 9 (Se. 67; V. 289; 8. Mexico. FD Godin, Esq, C. 54) & hgr. (Se. 79; (P.). V. 248; C. 53). @ & (Se 69; V. 283; Mexico. M. Salls [C.]. f Ye, be 69; V.242; Mexico. E. Cooke, Esq. [P.]. 9. Ye. (Se. 71; V. 225; Mexico h. 2 (Sc. 65; V. 236; Vera Paz, 1 O. Salvin, Esq. [C.}. ca. yd a Ae. i 2 (Se. 9; V. 242; Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. k. oS. cin (Se. 69; V. Costa Rica. F. D. Godman, Esq.
C. a i. Her. ¢ 3 cs 79; V. Esmeralda, Ecuador. wei r[C.}.
65). m. Y, fe, 71; V.231; N.W. coast of S. Lieut. Wood [P.]. 0. 3). America. n, - ies, stffd. Tropical America.
5. Boa mexicana.
Boa mexicana, Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 82 (1864); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 520, pl. xxx. fig. 9 (1882). — divi iloquax, var. mexicana, Jan, op. cit. 1. 5, pl. iv.
120 BOIDA,
Closely allied to B. imperator, but with only 55 scales across the body. Markings as in that species, but no dark line along the middle of the head.
Mexico.
6. Boa dumerilii.
Acrantophis dumerilii, Jan, Icon. Gén. P: 88, 1. 1, pl. ii. (1860) ; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 522 (1882).
Snout slightly prominent. Rostral a little broader than deep, not visible from above ; symphysial longer than broad ; upper surface of head covered with small scales which are not larger than on the body; 11 to 16 scales across the forehead, from eye to eye, and as many round the eye; preocular large; several slightly enlarged loreals; 17 to 19 upper labials. Scales in 59 to 65 rows. Ven- trals 225-236 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 20-33. Pale grey-brown above, with two longitudinal series of elongate black spots emitting a transverse process above, a hoop-shaped figure below; these markings may be disposed regularly in pairs and unite by their transverse processes, or alternately ; two or three black streaks on each side behind the eye, the lower continued in front of the eye to the nostril; a black cross line or ring on the forehead between the eyes ; lower parts whitish, uniform or spotted with brown.
Total length 1950 millim. ; tail 110.
Madagascar. a. Hgr. (Sc. 65; V. 225; C. 30). Madagascar. b. 3, skin (Sc. 61; V. 236; C. 33). Madagascar, c. Several embryos. Madagascar.
7. Boa madagascariensis.
Pelophilus madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 524 (1844); Gray, Cat. p. 102 (1849); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 85, 1. 2, pl. iv. (1861); Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges, xi. 1877, p. 20.
Snout scarcely prominent. Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above ; symphysial longer than broad ; upper surface of snout with small polygonal shields; a large supraocular and a series of supraciliaries ; six to nine shields surround the eye; a large pre- ocular and two loreals, separated from the labials by a series of small shields; 16 or 17 upper labials. Scales in 69 to 77 rows. Ventrals 221-235; anal entire; subcaudals 34-41. Pale brown above, with elongate dark brown black-edged spots; a vertebral series of spots connected by a longitudinal streak ; a lateral series of large spots which may, at intervals, run into a band; below the latter a series of dark rings or ocelli with light centres; a dark streak on each side of the head, running through the eye; lips with large black spots; lower parts yellowish white, with small blackish spots.
Total length 1650 millim.; tail 120,
Madagascar.
a. 9 (Se. 73; V. 232; C. 34). Madagascar. Zoological Society. b, Head of adult, Madagascar.~ Sir E. Belcher (Py
16, caAsaReA,—17, BOLIERIA, 121
16, CASAREA, , Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 873 (1887). Casa rey, eset Miso Je 43 (156) and Cat, Sn. p. 106 (1849). Lepto Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 485 (1844); Jan, Icon, Ben 70 "1868). Se Leib 2 eae
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. Head very small, distinct from neck; snout covered with shields; nostril pierced in a single nasal. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical, slender; scales very small, keeled. Tail long, prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
1, Casarea dussumieri. Boa dussumieri, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 396 (1837), and Adbild. pl. xvii. figs. 1-5 (1839). ; Casarea dussumieri, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 43 (1842), and Cat. p. 106 (1849). : Lae dussumieri, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 186 (1844); Jan, Icon. én. p. 79, 1. 2, pl. i. (1861).
Snout prominent, obliquely truncate. Rostral broader than deep, not or but scarcely visible from above; a pair of internasals, one or two pairs of preefrontals, and a large supraocular; these shields rough with small tubercles; one or two pre- and four to six postoculars ; three to five rows of small keeled scales between the supraoculars ; eleven or twelve upper labials, second and third in contact with the prefrontals, fifth and sixth entering the eye. Scales strongly keeled, in 47 to 53 rows. Ventrals 227-235; anal entire; sub- caudals 120-133. Pale brown above, uniform or with two dark stripes and a lateral series of small dark spots; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; belly yellowish, uniform or with small black spots; lower surface of tail with large black spots.
Total length 660 millim.; tail 180. Reaches a length of 1260
Round Island, near Mauritius.
a-b. . (Sc. 47; V. 230; 0.128) Round Island. Sir H. Barkly [P.}. & vee 47; V. 227; ©. 120).
17. BOLIERIA.
Tortrix .y Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837).
Bol aia Gray, Zool. Miscell, p. 46 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 106 (1849).
Platygaster (non Latr.), Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén, vi. p. 496 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 78 (1865). :
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth a little longer than the
122 BOIDA.
posterior. Head very small, not distinct from neck ; snout covered with shields; nostril pierced in a single nasal. Eye very small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical. Scales small, hexagonal, juxtaposed or very feebly imbricate, tri- or quinquecarinate. Tail moderate, feebly prehensile ; subcaudals single.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
1. Bolieria multicarinata. Eryx multocarinata, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 518; Schleg. Bijdr. tot de verk. i. p. 2 (1848). : Tortrix pseudo-e m Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 19 (1837), and Abbild. 1. xxxiv. (1839). Balweris pseudo-eryx, Gray, Zoo]. Miscell. p. 46 (1842), Platygaster multicarinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 497 (1844) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 79, 1. 8, pl. iii. (1864). Bolyeria multicarinata, Gray, Cat. p. 106 (1849); Krefft, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 225.
Snout very prominent, rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just — visible from above ; a pair of internasals, a pair of large preefrontals, a large supraocular, two preeoculars, four or five postoculars ; nine upper labials, first and second, or second only, in contact with the prefrontal, fourth entering the eye. Scales in 53 to 57 rows. Ventrals 192-200 ; anal entire; subcaudals 88-92. Pale brown or greyish olive above, with small darker spots, which may form an irregular network ; a dark streak on each side of the head behind the eye; a series of blackish vertical bars on each side of the tail; yellowish beneath, spotted or marbled with blackish.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 200.
Round Island, near Mauritius.
a-b. 2 (Sc. 53, 57; V.199,200; Round Island. Sir H. Barkly [P.]. C. 92, 88).
18, ERYX.
Eryx, part., Daud. Rept. vii. p. 251 (1803).
Clothonia, Daud. t. c. p. 283; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 110 (1849),
Eryx, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 192 (1830); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 464 (1844); Gray, l. c. p. 109; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 3384 (1864); Jan, Icon, Gén. Ophid. p. 70 (1865); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 247 (1890).
Gongylophis, Wagl. l.c.; Gray, l.c. p. 108; Giinth. lc. p. 382; Bouleng. 1. ¢. p. 246.
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1837).
Cusoria, Gray, l.c. p. 107.
Cursoria, Giinth, 1. ce. p. 888.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longer than the pos- terior. Head not distinct from neck, covered with small scales ; rostral large. Eye small or very small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical. Scales small, smooth or keeled. Tail very short, not or but very slightly prehensile ; subcaudals single.
North and East Africa ; Southern and Central Asia,
ee Se
OE ae eee
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Eyes latero-superior, separated from each other by five or more longitudinal series of scales. .
A. Rostral without angular edge; 8 to 10 keeled scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; tail pointed; scales in 40 to MURS corso on 5.'dv-a-0 pineal 1. conicus, p. 124.
B. Rostral with a sharp horizontal edge ; head-scales smooth.
1. Tail pointed, ending in a conical scute; 12 to 15 scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; scales in 47 to 53 rows. 2. thebaicus, p. 125.
2. Tail obtuse; 5 to 9 scales from eye to eye across the fore-
head. 40 to 50 scales across the body ; ventrals 165- SN pias Gis a'n i 0 0 0 OPC REM «vedas 3. jaculus, p. 125. 54 to 65 scales across the middle of the body ; ventrals 194-210 .......ccsssuseseeee 4. johnii, p. 127.
36 scales across the body ; ventrals 184 ..... 5. elegans, p. 128,
124 BOIDA,
3. Tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw-like horny seute; five smooth scales across the forehead: scales in 41 to 45 YOWS *...sennsueene Sepa -. 6, muelleri, p. 128.
II. Eyes entirely on the upper surface of the head, separated from each other by four longitudinal series of scales; tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw-like horny scute.
7. jayakari, p. 129.
1, Eryx conicus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. iv. (1796).
Boa conica, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 268 (1801), and Denkschr. Akad. Miinch. vii, 1821, p. 119, pl. vi. fig. 2.
—— viperina, Shaw, Zool. ili, p. 355, BO (1802).
—— ornata, Daud. Rept. v. p. 210 (1802).
Eryx bengalensis, Guér, Icon. R. A., Rept. pl. xx. fig. 1 (1830).
Tortrix eryx, var. bengalensis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 17 (1887).
Gongylophis conicus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. p. 108 (1849) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 163, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 833 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 207 (1876) ; Murray, < Sind, p. 336 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 247, fig.
1890). E Se conicus, Dum. & Bibr. vi. p. 470 (1844) ; note: Bijdr. tot de jerk, i. p. 2 (1848) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 78, 1. 4, pl. iii. (1864),
Rostral about twice as broad as deep, feebly prominent, not keeled ; only the nasals and internasals enlarged, the rest of the head covered with small, obtusely keeled scales ; 8 to 10 scales from eye to eye across the forehead; 10 to 15 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales; 12 to 14 upper labials. No mental groove. Scales tubercularly keeled, the keels very strong on the tail, in 40 to 49 rows. Ven- trals 162-186; anal entire; subcaudals 17-24. Tail pointed. Yellowish or brownish grey above, with a zigzag band or series of dark brown black-edged spots along the back ; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 600 millim,; tail 55.
India,
a. Yg. (V.175; C0: 18), Sind. Dr. Leith [P.}.
b-e. 9(V.173;C.21)& Gwalior. C. Maries, Esq. [ E.}. 1g: (V. 166; C.19).
d. Yg. (V.162;C.19). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.}.
e. Hgr. (V.170; C.18), Madras. Dr. P. Russell.
ft. 2 (V. 169; C. 18). Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.].
g- 2 vy: 175; 0.17). Madras, T. C. Jerdon, Esq. Pt ‘ 8: ss 173, 166; Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. | P. |.
«14, 12).
pS k. Q V. 186; 0.24), Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 1. 2 (V. 188; ©. 20). Sikkim, 4900 ft,[??] Messrs, vy. Schlagint-
weit [C.]. 2 (V. 167; C. 22). India. Ad., stffd. India. “
Skull. India. J. Nimmo, Esq, [P.].
Mm, n. 0,
a oY
MM a See ee, Uc oe “ t 2
18. eRYx. 125
2. Eryx thebaicus. G Deser. Rept. p. 142, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1809 he Egypte nee BIS tune Ap ).
Pp ; Dum. § Bibr. e468 ); "Schleg. Bijdr. tot de Dirk 1848) ; Gray Cat. p- 108 (1840) Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 73, 1. 4,
Oat aw, Zool. Mise. p. 45 (1842), ? Eryx jaculus, var. sennaariensis, Jan, /. ¢. pl. ii, fig. 2. Gangyophis ti thebaicus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) i ix. 1892,
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; only the nasals and internasals enlarged, the head covered with very small smooth scales; 11 to 13 scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; 12 to 15 scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by two or three rows of scales; 12 to 14 upper labials. Mental groove usually absent (present in spec. f). Scales smooth or more or less distinctly keeled anteriorly, the keels strong on the posterior part of the body and on the tail, in 47 to 53 rows. Ventrals 171- 197; anal entire; sabcaudals 19-28. Tail pointed. Yellowish or greyish above, with large, irregular, dark brown or blackish spots separated by narrow interspaces ; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 620 millim. ; tail 50.
Upper Egypt and East Africa. a. 2 (V. 187; 0. 25). Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson [P.]. (Type of E. scutata.) wa 2 (V.185; C. 22) Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. g. (V. 179, 182,
17 °C. 95, 23; 23). f. 2 (V. 188; 0.21), Tel-cl-Amarnah, Dr. J. Anderson & Prof. W.
U r Egypt. M. Flinders Petrie © ( V. 192; ©. 25) Guakin, Dr. Bimbashi Pesta he
a 3g 188, 187 ; Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. i Har (V. 189, C. 23). Taita, E. Africa. Mr. Wray [C.}.
3. Eryx jaculus.
Geafioy Deser. Egypte, Rept. p. 142, pl vi. fig. 2 (1800). oe. sot Aa. Frid ii. 5 ECs saw p. 391 (1766)
iii. p. "pt (i811).
Bie rie Ob, Voy. aa Othom., Atlas, i. p. vi, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1801 )
Eryx cerastes, Daud. t. vii. p. 254 (1803
). —— jaculus, Daud. t. c. p. 257; Bibr. § Bory de St. honb, ike Se. Morée, Zool., Rept. p 73 (1883) ; Reuss, Mus. Senckend. i,1 get Dum. § Bibr, as pos chia Schleg. Bijdr. on fone
Cat. Le he Linea ke hl
Gl Ne iew, Taos Gn pots ore” Bus ot
Al. Russ. R. p. ‘29 (18 3 ja Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 401 (1876) ; Onade: Be. kes
126 BOID®,
1879-80, p. 166; Bedriaga, Bull, Soc. Nat, Mosc. 1881, p. 181;
Boettg. in Radde, Faun. Casp.-Geb. y 73 (1886); Bouleng. Bull.
Soc. Zool. Fr. 1887, p. 532; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb, iii, 1888, p. 938 ; :
ae Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 148, and Proc. Zool. Soe. 1891, “7 Biv colubrinus, Daud. t. ¢c. p. 261.
—— turcicus, Daud. t. c. p. 267, pl. Ixxxy. fig. 2; Hichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 176 (1831), and Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 99, pl. xvii. fis. 1-8 (1841).
Anguis helluo, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 54.
Tortrix miliaris, Merr. Tent. p. 82 (1820).
jaculus, Merr. 1. c. p. 83.
—— colubrina, Merr. J. e.
Boa tatarica, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823), and Eversm. Reise Orenb. n. Buch. p. 146 (1823).
Eryx familiaris, Zichw. Zool. Spec. p. 176.
niliaris, Hichw. 1. c.
Tortrix eryx, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 14, pl. i. figs. 11-18 (1837). Eryx jaculus, var. teherana, Jan, J. c. p.72; De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p- 555 (1865).
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; one or two pairs of small shields behind the rostral, five to nine scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; seven to fourteen scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of. scales ; ten to fourteen upper labials. A mental groove. Scales smooth, feebly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on the tail, in 40 to 50 rows. Ventrals narrow, 165-200; anal small; subcaudals 15-34. ‘Tail obtusely conical. Pale greyish, reddish, or yellowish brown above, with dark brown or blackish transverse blotches or alternating spots; or brown, with paler spots; a dark streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth ; belly white, uniform or with blackish dots; a more or less distinct dark streak along each side of the tail.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 45.
Ionian Islands, Greece, Turkey (?), 8.W. and Central Asia, North Africa.
A. 5 to 7 scales between the eyes, 2 or 3 between the nasals and the eye, 8 to 11 round the eye; 9 to 11 upper labials,
a. 3 (V. 165; ©. 29). Corfu. Dr. Bengo [P.}. b. Her. (V. 183; C.20). Greece. Capt. Ince [P. ]. e-f, g-t. d (V. 168; C. Xanthus. Sir C, Fellows [P.).
; 0. 26 ; hgr. (V.177, 172, 170, 172; C. 21, 32, 94, 22); & yg. (V. 174, 172; CO. 33, 22).
k. 2 (V.173; C. 24). Xanthus. Haslar Hospital.
l. 9 (V.174; C.19). —_ Palestine. Canon Tristram tp A
m. b (V. 189; C.19). Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson P. |.
n, Yg. (V. 188; C. 21). Mehnlia-el-Kobra,Delta. Dr, J. Anderson < G. H. Kent, Esq. 2
. 6 (V.193; C.?)& Near Cairo. - Dr.J. Anderson [P.}. ’ Ae ty igs; C. 18). wl 7
_~
>
18. pRyx. 127 q. Hgr. (V. 187; C. 34). en Shiraz and W.T. Blanford, Esq.
2 (V. 165; C. 27 Ai Dara Weak f M. CO. Eylandt [C.} r. . ; . . 9 . . “te Copet Dagh, ‘Trane:
B. 7 to 9 scales between the eyes, 4 or 5 between the nasals and the eye, 10 to 14 round the eye; 10 to 14 upper labials.
s. Hgr. (V.185; 0.23). Ashkabad. Dr. Radde [C.]. t.Hgr. (V.179; ©.24). Ashkabad. M. C. Eylandt [c. a (V. 180; C.27). Ashkabad. Warsaw Mus. | E.]. v. ¥g.(V. 188; ©. 21). Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt[C.)}. ia. w-y. 3 (V. 183; C. 21), Disk E. Turkestan. Rev. H. Lansdell Q (Vv. gts “ 20), & [C.]. ye: (V. ; C. 20). z. Q(V.179; ©. 22). Krasnowodsk. Bt Sane Mus. a. 2 (V.184; ©.19). Turkestan. M. Severzow [C. 8. 2 (V. 189; ©. 25). Robat-i-turk. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Boundary Commission. y-8. 2(V. 200; C. 32), Bala-Morghab. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]. & yg. (V. 182; C. 33). Afghan Boundary Commission. 4, Eryx johnii. Boa johnii, Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xvi. & pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1801). — iformis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p. 269 (1801), and
¢ Denkschr. Akad. eng se vii. 1821, p. 119, pl. viii. lothonia anguiformis, Daud. Rept. vil. p. 285 (1803). Eryx anguiformis, Merr. Tent. p85 (1880). sige Tortrix eryx, var. indicus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. 19. 17 (1887). maT johnii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 45 (1842), and Cat. p. 110 johnii, Dum. § Bibr. vi. p. 458 (1844); Schleg. Bijdr. tot de ieik. i. p. 2 (1848); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 304 (1804) Jan, Teon. Gén. p 71, 1. 4, pl i. fig. 1 (1864); Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 84; Theob. Cat. Rept, Brit, Ind. p. 207 (1876); MTS C800) . Sind, p. 385 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. ae aculatas, Hallow, Frvc. Ac Phiiad. tag Ine
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge ; two pairs of small shields behind the rostral ; six to nine scales from eye to eye across the forehead ; ten or eleven scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by one or two rows of scales ; ten to twelve upper labials. A mental groove. Scales slightly keeled, in 54 to 65 rows. Ventrals narrow, 192-210; anal small; sub- caudals 25 to 36. Tail very obtuse, rounded at the end. Sandy grey, reddish, or pale brown above, uniform or with more or less distinct brown or blackish transverse bands; these bands usually distinct on the tail; belly brown or spotted with blackish; young often pale coral-red.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 80.
Plains of North-western, Central, and Southern India.
128 BOIDA. a. 2 (V. 194; C. 28). Kurrachee. . Kurrachee Mus. [E.]. 6. Hgr. (V. 210; C. 32). Belgaum. Dr. Leith [P.}. e. d (V. 197; C. 29). Malabar. d, e. (V.207; C. 33),& Madras. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. hgr.(V. 196; C. 36). I. SF. @ (V. 195; C. 26). Sikkim,9800 feet [??]. Messrs. fo) weit | C. |. g. 2 (V. 203; C. 27). India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.}. h. 9, skel. India.
5. Eryx elegans. (Prarz V. fig. 1.) Cusoria elegans, Gray, Cat. p. 107 (1849).
Cursoria elegans, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 333 (1864). Eryx elegans, Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 402 (1876).
Agrees in every respect with Z. jaculus, except that the scales are larger, in 36 rows in the middle of the body. Seven scales across the forehead, from eye to eye, three between the nasals and the eye, nine round the eye; ten upper labials. Ventrals 184; subcaudals 24. Pale olive above, with a dorsal series of large and a lateral series of smaller brown, black-edged spots; lower parts whitish, spotted with black.
Total length 400 millim. ; tail 40.
Afghanistan.
a.Q (V. 184; C, 24). Afghanistan. East India Company [P.]. (Type)
6. Eryx muelleri. (Pxare V. fig. 2.) Eryx jaculus, var., F. Miiller, Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 1878, 650.
ppt ere muelleri, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ix, 1892, p. 74.
Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; upper surface of snout and crown with small smooth shields, the largest of which is an azygous shield behind and wedged in between the internasals, which form a short suture behind the rostral; five shields from eye to eye across the forehead; nine or ten scales round the eye, which is separated from the labials by a single series of scales; nine upper labials. No mental groove. Scales per- fectly smooth, in 41 to 45 rows. Ventrals 181-187; anal small, entire ; subcaudals 16-19. Tail pointed, ending in a curved, claw- like, horny scute. Cream-colour, above with a dorsal series of large dark brown blotches, some of which alternate and are confluent into a zigzag band; a lateral series of smaller dark brown spots, alternating with the dorsals.
Total length 370 millim.; tail 30.
Nubia.
a. g (V.181; C.19). Sennar. Sr. Marno[O.]; Basle Museum [E.]. (Type.)
ae tn bs PB sath te
if : 26
~
19. LICHANURA. 129
7. Eryx jayakari. (Pare V. fig. 3.) Eryx jayakari, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 508,
| Eyes extremely small and entirely on the upper surface of the head. Rostral large and broad, with angular horizontal edge; the rostral, the internasals, and a small shield meet with their angles, the sutures forming an X ; four scales from eye to eye across the __ forehead; nine or ten scales round the eye, which is separated from ; the labials by one large scale; eleven upper labials. A mental groove. Scales smooth, in 39 rows. Ventrals narrow, 175; anal | small; subcaudals 20, Tail pointed, ending in a curyed, claw-like, | horny scute similar to the anal spurs. Greyish brown above, with whitish spots and numerous, rather irregular, dark brown cross bands ; head dotted with dark brown; lower parts white. Total length 400 millim.; tail 25. Arabia.
a. 2 (V.175; 0.20). Muscat. A.S.G. Jayakar, Esq. [P.). (Type.)
19. LICHANURA.
Lichanura, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 304; Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 69 (1865); Bocourt, Miss. Se. Wer, Rept. 9513 (1882) ; Nica at 1886, p. 293, ‘and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p-
Head not distinct from neck, covered with scales ; rostral mode- rate; nostril between two nasals. Eye small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales small, smooth. Tail short, thick, obtuse at the end, but slightly prehensile ; subcaudals sete:
Western North America.
1. Lichanura trivirgata.
Lichanura trivirgata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1861, p. 304; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 70 (1865); Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., t. p. 514 1882); Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. aa 98,
—— roseofusca, Ci Proc, Ac, Philad. 1868, 2; Pereks p- 98; Cope, a Bros, UE Nat Poe xiv. 1803, p. 69
— myriolepis, Cope, i, @.3
Charina trivirgata, Garm. N. Am: ate Ke 8 (1883).
Lichanura orcutti, Stejn
—— simplex, Stejneger, /.
Snout prominent. Rostra! woh ‘ec broad; anterior nasal large, in contact with its fellow behind the rostral; a ring of seven to ten scales round the eye; 13 to 15 upper labials. Scales in 33 to 45 rows. Ventrals 218-232; anal entire; subcaudals 39-49. Yellowish, brown, or grey above, with or without three dark brown longitudinal bands; belly yellowish or pinkish, dotted or mottled
ly with brown.
Total length 870 millim. ; tail 110.
California and Lower California.
VOL, 1. K
4
a
tr eS ne Re
al |
? Zz 4 a" 7 ‘oh ‘ - a
130 BOID®.
20. CHARINA.
Charina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 113 (1849); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, . 805; Bocourt, Miss, Se. Mex., Rept. p. 511 (1882); Cope, Am. at. 1886, p. 298; Stejneyer, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1890, . 177; Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 592.
Wenona, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 176, and Cat. N. Am. Rept, p. 139 (1853); Jan, Icon. Gén. Ophid. p. 68 (1865) ; Bocourt, l. ce. p. 512.
Pseudoeryx, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 242, and Icon. Gén. p. 66.
Anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth longest, gradually de- creasingin size. Head not distinct from neck, covered with shields ; rostral large; nostril between two nasals. Eye very small, with vertical pupil. Body cylindrical; scales small, smooth. Tail short, thick, not prehensile, rounded at the end; subcaudals single.
Western North America.
‘
1. Charina botte.
Tortrix bottw, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus. iv. 1835, p. 289, pl. xxvi. fig. 1. ‘
Charin bottee, pe por Pp. Zon rag Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex.,
t. p. 511 (1882); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 7 (1883); Stejneger. Dee WS. Nat. Mos. il 1890, p. 181 ioe Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 592.
Wenona plumbea, Baird § Gir. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 176, and Cat. A Am, Rept. p. 1389 (1853); Girard, U.S. Rant: Exped., Herp. p. 112, zr vii. figs. 1-7 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 69, 1. 8, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1864) ; Bocourt, 1. c. p. 512, pl. xxx. fig. 7.
—— isabella, Baird § Gir. ll.cc. pp. 176,140; Girard, 1. ¢. p. 118, pl. vii. figs. 8-14.
Pseudoeryx botte, Jan, Arch. f. Nat. 1862, p. 246, and Icon. Gén. p. 67, }. 3, pl. ii. fig. 1.
Charina plumbea, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 305, and 1883,
p. 21; Stejneger, I. c.
Snout rounded and prominent. Rostral large, as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above at least two thirds its distance from the frontal; two or three pairs of shields between the rostral and the frontal; a small azygous pra- frontal sometimes present; nostril between two nasals, the anterior
of which is usually fused with the internasal; frontal as broad as
deep or broader than deep, followed by a short, single or divided parietal ; loreal present or fused with the prefrontals; one or two preoculars, the upper in contact with the frontal and not much smaller than the supraocular; two or three postoculars; eye in contact with one, two, or three labials, or separated from the labials by a series of suboculars ; eight to eleven upper labials. Scales in 39 to 49 rows. Ventrals 192-211; anal entire; subcaudals 20-37. Yellowish, brown, or dark grey above, without any spots or mark- ings; yellow beneath. Total length 550 millim.; tail 50.
a
SS
ILYSIID2®. 131
United States west of the Rocky Mountains ; Lower California;
North-western Mexico.
A. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior prefrontal distinct ; no azygous prefrontal ; loreal distinct; one or two Jabials i in contact with the eye.
a. 2 ees V. 202; California. Smithsonian Institu- tion [P.]
B. Anterior nasal fused with internasal; no azygous prefrontal ; loreal distinct ; eye separated from labials by suboculars,
b. é & 45; V.197; California. Zoological Society. ce. 2 (Se.45; V.198; Y. Valley, Coast H.N. Moseley, Esq. 6. Soy Tengen, West est Oregon. [P.].
C. Anterior nasal, internasal, and anterior prefrontal fused; a small shield between the four prefrontals ; loreal distinct ; two labials entering the eye.
d. Hgr. ¢ (Se. 45; Pacific Coast of the United Vv. 207; C. 37). ” "States.
2. Charina brachyops.
yy pret Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 88, —. xxxvi. bey Steyneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. 1890, p. 181.
This species is based on a single specimen which, perhaps, repre- sents merely an individual variation of C. botte, differing in having the posterior prefrontal entering the eye and the posterior nasal i in contact with the preocular.
Point Reyes, California.
Fam. 4. ILYSHDZ.
dpe: es a ai tzinger, te, Boie, aie, 1827, p. 5 oF “se Tortricina, J. Miller, Zeitechr, f Physio, iv. p. 270, Boide, part., Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 41, 1842. — Tortziciens, Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vi. p. 567, Boide, 7 warden Cat. Sn. p. 82, aeaacd ontes ntiens, onti part., Duméril, . Fangy Se. = 424'% 438, 1853. a1 Se ; ortrici ‘an, 18, 1863. Tortricide, os Proe. Ac. pee set, Ge.) 3 Tortricide, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. nie “{804. Tortricide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 482, 1886. llysiide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 249, 1 x2
et tee
132 ILYSUDA.
Cranial bones more or less solidly united ; transpalatine present ; pterygoid extending to quadrate; supratemporal very small and wedged in between the adjacent bones ; quadrate very short ; pr- frontal in contact with nasal. Mandible with coronoid bone. Teeth in jaws and on palate. Vestiges of pelvis asin the Boida, and terminating in a claw-like spur usually distinguishable on each
side of the vent.
i k }
RES: 7;
ee oo. a > Sa Sere
z.
YS ~*~
Skull of Zlysia seytale.
This family forms a passage from the Boide to the Uropeltide, agreeing with the latter in the physiognomy and scaling, with the former in the presence of vestiges of pelvis, whilst the skull is
exactly intermediate. Ceylon and South-eastern Asia; Tropical South America,
Synopsis of the Genera, Premaxillary teeth; eye in an ocular shield ; no mental groove. 1, Tlysia, p. 133. No premaxillary teeth ; eye distinct fron the surrounding shields ; no mental groove .......see eee 2, Anomalochilus, p. 134.
No premaxillary teeth ; eye distinct from the surrounding shields; a mental groove ......++sesee008 3. Cylindrophis, p. 134.
1, mysta. 133
1. ILYSIA,
Tortrix (non Linn.), part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 asi). ee y :
Anilius, part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 283 (1816).
Ilysia, .-» Hemprich, Grundr, d. Naturg. (1820) * ; Fitzing. N.
P Tlysia, Wagler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Am . 193 (1830). Tortrix, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi p. Cia roto Cat. Sn. p. 113 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, Ophid, p. 64 (1865).
Teeth moderate, subequal, 9 or 10 in each maxillary ; small teeth in the premaxillary. Head very small, not distinct from neck; eye extremely small, with round pupil, in an ocular shield; large symmetrical shields on the head ; nostril in a single nasal, which forms a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; no loreal, pre- ocular, or postocular ; no mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals feebly enlarged. Tail extremely short and blunt.
South America.
1. Ilysia scytale. ae seytale, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 21, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1754), and N. i. p. 391 (1766); Laur. fia Rept. p. 70 (1768) ; Daud.
Rept. vii. p. 302, pl. lxxxvii. fig. 1 (1803).
— annulata, Laur. /. c. p. 69.
—— fasciata, Laur. l. c. p. 70; Daud. l. ¢, p. 306.
-— corallina, Laur. l. c. p. 71.
—— cerulea, Laur. l. c.
Fats viptale, Oppel Ordn. Rept. p. 56 (1811); Sckleg. Phy ortrix scytale, Oppel, in. t. p. : . Phys. le ii, p. 5, pl. 1. figs. 4 & 5 (1837), and Adbild. p, 110, pl. st figs. 1-4 (1844); Dum. § Bibr. se 585 (1844); Gray, Cat. Sn. p- 114 (1849) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 55, pl. iii, (1865).
—— coralinus, Oppel, l. ¢.
Ilysia scytale, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 104 (1823); Wagler, Icon. ye pl. v. fig. 2 (1828).
Torquatrix scytale, Gray, Ann. Phil, x. 1825, p, 209.
A pair of very large prefrontals ; frontal rather small, longer than broad, usually in contact with a nearly equally large occipital ; supraocular and parietal subequal in size, and scarcely larger than the scales on the back of the head; five or six upper labials, third and fourth in contact with the ocular. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals 210-244 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 9-14. Red (yellowish in spirit), with more or less complete black annuli; the dorsal scales sometimes edged with brown.
Total length 830 millim.
_ Guianas and Upper Amazon.
* The author has not been able to refer to this work.
“—s ".: —- a Ns ee pi - ~ im
se ee pa)
“ rah Co agg al :
ae
134 ILYSIID HE.
a. Ad. (V. 218; 0.11). Surinam. b-c. Ad. (V. 210,211; Berbice.
C. 12, 12). d, Ad, (V. 218; C.12). Berbice. og e. Ad. (V.227; C.12). Demerara. R. Latham, f. Ad. (V. 235; C.11). Demerara. Lieut. Friend g. Ad. (V. 226;C.12). Demerara. Dr. Hancock
hk. Ad. (V. 225;C. 11). Demerara. @. Ad. (V. 217; C. 11). British Guiana.
k. Hgr. (V. 288; C. 11). Upper Amazon. Mr. Bartlett [C.
l. Ad. (V. 244; C. 9) Me obamba, N.E: Mr. A. H. Roff{C.). eru.
m. Skel. S. America. Haslar Hospital.
n. Skull. S. America.
2. ANOMALOCHILUS.
Anomalochilus, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn. ii. p. 180 (1890).
No premaxillary teeth*. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, distinct from the surrounding shields; head with large symmetrical shields ; nostril in a single nasal, which forms a suture with its fellow behind the rostril; no loreal or preocular; a postocular ; no mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 21 rows; ventrals very small, scarcely enlarged. ‘Tail extremely short and blunt.
Sumatra.
1. Anomalochilus weberi. Anomalochilus weberi, v. Lidth de Jeude, l. c. p. 181, pl. xv. figs.,1-3.
Frontal nearly twice as large as the supraocular, quadrangular ; no enlarged parietals; four upper labials, third largest and in contact with the eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals scarcely larger than the neighbouring scales, 244; anal divided; subcaudals 8. Brown, each scale with a lighter edge; a light spot on each pra- frontal and on the frontal; a series of round light spots on each side of the back, in pairs or alternating; an interrupted whitish line along the middle of the side ; beneath with irregular light spots arranged in pairs and sometimes confluent.
Kaju Tanam, Sumatra,
3. CYLINDROPHIS.
Tortrix (non Linn.), part., Oppel, Ordn. Rept. p. 55 (1811); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. priest) ot DS
Anilius, part., Oken, Lehrb. Naturg. iii. p. 283 (1816).
Ilysia, part., Hemprich, Grundr. Naturg. (1820); Fitz. N. Class. Rept. p. 26 (1826).
* Dr. van Lidth de Jeude kindly informs mg*that he has been unable to detect premaxillary teeth in the type specimen.
* eee ee
i ii i
3. CYLINDROPHIS. 135
Torquatrix, part., Haworth, Phil. Mag. 1825, p. 372. Cylindrophis, Wagler, Icon. Amph. (1828), and Syst. Amph. p. 195 (1830) ; Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén. vi. p. 590 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 111(1849) ; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 178 (1864); Jan, Icon, Gén. Ophid. Pp. 55 (1865) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 249 (1890).
Teeth moderate, subequal, 10 to 12 in each maxillary; none in premaxillary. Head small, not distinct from neck; eyes very small, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil, distinct from the neighbouring shields ; head with large symmetrical shields; nostril in a single nasal, which forms a suture with its fellow behind the rostral; no loreal or preocular; a small postocular; a mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 19 or 21 rows; ven- trals feebly enlarged. Tail extremely short and blunt. |
Ceylon and South-eastern Asia east of the Bay of Bengal.
Synopsis of the Species. 1. Diameter of the eye about half its distance from the nostril ;
interocular width more than the length of the snout. 1. rufus, p. 135.
Il. Diameter of the eye one third to one fourth its distance from the nostril; interocular width equal to the length of the snout.
Parietals at least as large as the frontal.... 2. maculatus, p. 136. Parietals smaller than the frontal ........ 3. lineatus, p. 137.
1, Cylindrophis rufus. An rufa, Laur. Si t. p. 71 (1768). snipe dul od er ii. pls. xxvii. & xxviii. (1801).
—— corallina, Shaw, Zool. iii. oe sone (1802). Eryx rufus, Daud. Rept. ie P63 1803 Tortrix rufa, Merr. Tent. (1820) ; Rote. Phys. Serp. ii oa
a, figs. 1-3 (1837), pi Abbild, p. 111, pl. xxxiii. figs, 1 844).
Beytale scheuchzeri, Merr. 1. ¢. p. 91.
Ilysia rufa, Lichtenst.. Verz. Doub p. 104 (1823).
Cylindrophis resplendens, Wagl. Icon. Amph. p $s" fig. 1 (1828).
a melanotan, 17 Wagl. l. c. (annot.) ; Bibr. vi. p. 502 (1844); Gray, Cat, p. 111 (1849).
— rufa, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 46 (1842); Dum. §& Bibr. vi. p. 595 (1844) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. ee p- 53 (1847) ; , Cat. p. 111; Giinth. Rept. Brit. sind. p. 79 (1864) ; Jan, Tcun. Gén, p. 56, 1. 9, pl. iv. + hee. | be 9 1865) ; Theob. Cat. . Brit. Ind. p . 127 (1876); Anders. 2 Res. Yunnan, p. ‘(1879) ; Tovlong: Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 250, fig. (1890).
Diameter of the eye about half its distance from the nostril ; the distance between the eyes greater than the length of the snout ; frontal at least as large as the supraocular, larger than the parietals, at least as long as its distance from the rostral; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ven- trals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 186-245; anal
136 ILYSIID®.
divided ; subcaudals 5-10. Brown or black above, with or without alternating light cross bands; belly white with transverse black bands or spots, or black with transverse white bands; lower surface
of tail bright vermilion during life. Total length 770 millim. Burma and Cochinchina to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
a. Hgr. (V. 201; ©. 6).
Pyimmana, Upper
Burma.
E. W. Oates, Esq. [P.].
b. 2, with young Pegu. W. Theobald, : (V. 208; C. 7). (0. vA
ec. Yg. (V. 185; C. 5). Siam. ie . Schomburgk
d. 2 (V. 196; C. 6). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.].
é. 3 (V. ay ; C. G5) eineenere: Pe Cantor. (P}
~ kage. CY. Btls \C. ingapore. r. Dennys [P.].
2 2 (V. 197; C. 7). inreyore. y
h, t-k. 2 (V. 187, 193,- Pinang. Gen, Hardwicke [P.}. 186; C. 6, 6, 5)
i. 2 (V. 221; °C. 7) District of Deli, Mr. Iversen [C.].
Sumatra.
m. 9 (V. 207; C. 6) Borneo. Sir J. Brooke [P.].
n. Hgr. (V. 200; C. 6) Borneo. A.R. Wallace, Esq.[C.}. o-p. 2 (V. 205, 207; Rejang River, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.}. C. 7, 6). arawak. Se xe. (V. 186, 190; Java. J. Bowring, Esq. [P.].
. 6,7) | s,t. ¢ (V. 242; OC. 9) & Celebes. 2 (V. 186; C. 6). u-y. 3 (V. 237, 245, 241; Manado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. C. 8, 9,8) & 2 (V. 212 B17 O.'7,. 7s . z-a. d (V. 240, 239; N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.] CO. 9, 10). B. Skel. Java,
R. Kirkpatrick, Esq. [P.].
2. Cylindrophis maculatus.
Anguis maculata, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 21, pl. xxi. fg. and S. N. i. p. 891 (1766); Laur. Syn. t. p. 72 (1768); Russell, Ind, Serp. ii. pl. xxix. (1801); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 319°
(1803).
—— decussata, Laur. 1. e.
Tortrix maculatus, Oppel, Ordn. Rept. R. A., Rept. pl. xix. fig. 1 (1880); S&
pl. i. figs. 6 & 7 (1837). Ilysia maculata, Lichtenst. Verz. Doubl. p. 104 (1823).
Cylindrophis maculata, Gray, Zool. Mise.
. 56 (1811); Guér. Leon, bile. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 12,
p. 46 (1842); Dum. §
Bibr. vi. p. 597 (1844) ; Gray, Cat. p. 112 (1849); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 56,1. 9, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1865) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 251 (1890).
Diameter of the eye one third to one fourth its distance from the nostril; the distance between the eyes*equals the length of the
3 (1754),
~
a wT
as
——
UROPELTID®. 137
snout ; frontal usually a little smaller than the supraocular or the parietal; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 or 21 rows. Ventrals not twice as large as the con- tiguous scales, 189-212; anal divided; subcaudals 4-6. Above, with black network enclosing two series of large reddish-brown spots along the back; lower parts white, variegated with black.
Total length 350 millim.
Ceylon. a. 9 (V. 212; C. 5). Trincomalee. Col. Yerbury [P.}. b. 2 (V. 201; C. 5). Ceylon. Sir J. Banks [P.]. e. . (V.189; C.5). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [ P.]. d. .(V. 192; C.5). Ceylon. 53 (: 198, 196 ; P Dr. P. Russell [P.}. g. 2 (V. 198; ©. 4). —s Zoological Society.
3. Cylindrophis lineatus. Cylindrophis lineatus, Blanf. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1881, p. 217, pl. xx.
Diameter of the eye about one fourth its distance from the nostril; the distance between the eyes equals the length of the snout ; frontal about as large as the suprocular and a little larger than the parietals; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 215; anal divided; subcaudals 9. Blackish brown above, with two white stripes; belly white, with alter- nating black cross bands ; head and tail yellowish.
Total length 730 millim.
Singapore.
Fam. 5. VROPELTIDE *.
east agg part., Fitzinger, Neue Class. Rept. p. 25, 1826.
ropeltacea, J. Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. p. 270, 1832.
Uropeltide, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 140, 1845.
Upérolissiens, Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 443, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. p. 144, 1854,
Uropeltidw, Jan, Elenco sist, Ofid. p. 16, 1863.
Uropeltide, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 182, 1864.
Uropeltide, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 230.
Rhinophidw, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Uropeltidwe, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 251, 1890,
Cranial bones solidly united; transpalatine present ; pterygoid not extending to quadrate or mandible ; no supratemporal ; quadrate
* The following names in Jerdon’s Catalogue of Indian Reptiles (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1854, p. 527) refer, in probability, to Snakes of this family :—
C Jindrophis curticeps, Cylindrophis macroscelis, Pilidion? montanum, Uro- peltis affinis, Xenopeltis? trivirgatus.. All from the Nilgherries.
138 UROPELTID&%,
very small; prefrontals in contact with nasals. Mandible with coronoid bone. Both jaws toothed; teeth small and few.
Palate usually toothless ; a few palatine teeth sometimes present in Melanophidium and Platyplectrurus,
Skull of Silybura grandis,
Head small and not distinct from neck ; eye small or very small, ©
with round pupil. Body cylindrical, rigid; tail very short,
Burrowing Snakes of small size, restricted to Ceylon and the mountains of Peninsular India, or to the heavy forests at the immediate foot of the mountains, as far north as 19°.
Synopsis of the Genera. I. Eye in the ocular shield; fourth labial in contact with the parietal. A. No mental groove. 1. No supraocular shield, Tail obliquely truncated, ending in a large, rugose, circular or oval, fiat shield .:.)..5 55 ise) 40eue oeee 1. Uropeltis, p. 139. Tail ending in a large convex rugose shield, -which is neither trun- cated nor spinose at the end .... 2. Rhinophis, p. 140.
1. VROPELTIS. 139
Terminal caudal scute small, er at the end or bicuspid, the
points side by side ............ 3. Silybura, p. 144. Tail compressed, the terminal scute with two superposed, single or bifid points ..... 6, TS. 4. Pseudoplectrurus, p. 160, 2. A supraocular shield ...... 5. Plectrurus, p. 160. B. A mental groove .......... 6. Melanophidium, p. 163.
Il. Eye distinct from the surrounding shields ; a temporal’ shield separates the fourth labial from the parietal. 7. Platyplectrurus, p. 165.
1. UROPELTIS.
Uropeltis, part., Cuv. R. A, 2nd ed. ii. p. 76 (1829). ic cpg Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physik iv. 1832, p, 252; Gray, Cat. Taz. p. 141 (1845) ; ie ee . Gén, vii. p. 60 (1854) ; Peters, Urowelt p- 19 (1861); Gin Fag Brit, Ind, p. 1 :, (1864); Beddome, Ann. § H, (5) xvii, 1886, p. 9; - . Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 1880), Powder hlops, part. 4 Schley “Abbild, p. 40 (1844).
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal shields. -No mental groove. Tail obliquely truncated, ending in a large, circular or oval, flat shield.
ba 1. Uropeltis grandis.
ee —— Cuv. R. A, 2nd ed, ii. p. 76 en X ey
ysiol. iv. 1832, p. 252, ph xa si 984 pees 4 Aa Guér. Mag. Zool., a ii 887), and von
Favorite, v. Zool. ji 66, pl. XXVi. Grop, Cat. Liz. Piss
(1845) ; Dum. § 161, te fig. Fes (ie64ys Fope y 30 (1861), ofp yp p46 L % pli fig t (1865
Pesudo-t'yphlo re philippinus, Schley. Abbild. p. 44 (1844).
Uropeltis grandis, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. ii. p, 15 Sart oc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 262 ; Giinth, R t. Brit! Ind. 1 (1864);
Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. . 182 (1876) ; Beddome Ann. § M ag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 9; ouleng. Faun. Ind., ia
1890). nga, Kelaart, 1. ¢. ds os —— pardalis, Kelaart, l. c. p. 1 Gray, Proc. Zool, Se. 1858, p. 968,
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral convex, much produced posteriorly, nearly as long as the frontal; nasals forming a suture behind the rostral. Diameter of body about one twentieth of the total length, 19 scales round the middle of the body, 23 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 129-147; sub- vaudals 6-9. Caudal disk longer than the shielded part of the head. Dark brown or blackish above, with or without yellow spots ; yellow beneath, with or without dark brown spots.
Total length 460 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
140 UROPELTIDE. a. o (V. 139; C. 6). Kerinday, near Dr. Kelaart. (Type of Matura. U. grandis.) b. Her. (V. 129; C. 6). Matura. Dr. Kelaart. (Type of U. pardalis,) e. 2 (V. 142; C. 6). Kandy. Col. Yerbury [P.}. d. Hgr. (V. 147; C. 9). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.]. é. Her. (V. ao C. 6). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [0. }, St. & (V. 142; C. 9), Ceylon. 2. RHINOPHIS.
Rhinophis, H yy tee, Grundr. d. Naturg. p. 119 (1820); Miiller, Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p. 248; erat Cat. Liz. p. 141 (1845); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. én. Vii. p. 158 (1854); eters, Uropelt. p. 9 (sé), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 183 (1864) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 5; Tolan Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 254 (1890).
Pseudo-Typhlo PSs » part., Schleg. Abbild. p, 40 (1844).
Dapatnaya, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun, Zeyl. ii. p. 16 (1853).
Mytilia, part., Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 263.
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal. No mental groove. Tail ending i in a large convex rugose shield, which is neither truncated nor spinose at the end.
In all the species the nasals are separated by the rostral.
Ceylon and Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Caudal shield as long as or a little shorter than the shielded part of the head.
A. Rostral strongly keeled, half as long as the shielded part of
the head; 17 or 19 scales round the middle of the body.
Diameter of the body 37 to 40 times in
the total length ; ventrals 217-223.. 1. owyrhinus, p. 141. Diameter of the body 47 to 49 times in
the total length ; ventrals 236-246 .. 2. punctatus, p. 141.
B. Rostral about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head; 17 scales round the middle of the body.
Vertitals: 169-172 csi sce anes cues 3. planiceps, p. 141. Ventrals 190-204 .....5... sc eecees 4, trevelyanus, p. 142.
C. Rostral one third the length of the shielded part of the head. 15 scales round the middle of the body ;
ventrals 182-224 i... peinsis Kies s.9.0% 5. sanguineus, p. 143. 17 scales round the middle of the body ; . veutrals 146: oi. 3 cece pes ns cane 6. travancoricus, p. 143,
II. Caudal shield much shorter than the shielded part of the head. 7. blythii, p. 144.
dnt aael Ves
———— a
CE ‘
2. RHILNOPHIS, 141
1. Rhinophis oxyrhynchus.
ope ee hynchus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. ii. p, 341 (1801).
Rives oxy? awe Hempr. Grundr. Naturg. p. 119 a)
Miill. Zeitschr Physiol. iv. 1832 , bee ee tel BAS py Doon Dum. A Bibr. vii. p. 156 (1854) ; rey ee lt. Es
ii. 1 (1861); Giinth. t BNE E (1864); 7 Poe Fit Brit. "Ind. p. 128 eri "dome
+ Pan (5) xvii. 1886, p.5; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890).
Da a lankadivana, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. 1. ii. p. 16 (1853 Mvrtilia oaimaculata, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe, 1858, 6h fs. ).
Snout acutely pointed; rostral compressed, keeled above, half as long as the shielded part of the head; frontal not longer than broad. Diameter of body 37 to 39 times in the total length. 17 to 19 scales round the middle of the body, 19 to 21 behind the head. Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 217-227; subcaudals 5-7. Caudal disk about as long as the shielded part of the head. Uniform brown, each scale with a lighter margin ; some yellow markings about the tail.
Total length 430 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces). b. g (V.217, 219; C.7,7). Ceylon. (‘Types of M. unimaculata. sf ey! 258, 6.5). Ceylon, Sir A. Smith [P.]. :
2. Rhinophis punctatus.
ocak hee vie Miill. Zeitschr. f. Physiol. iv. 1832, p tbr. vii. p. 157 (1854) ; Peters, Uropelt. p. 12, OE fie Ossi), Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1864) ; lit, Taste ig 3 48, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1865); Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 128 ti876) ; Beddome, sy § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 6; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890). Pando Fyphloys oxyrhynchus, Schley. Abbild. p. 48, pl. xii.” (1844 Very re allied to the preceding ; ; differs in the more slender body, the diameter of which is +7 to 49 times in the total length, with more numerous ventrals (236-246), and in coloration. Yel- lowish, each scale with a black spot ; the scales of the series adjoining the vertebral without spot. Total length 390 millim. Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-b. ¢ (V. 246,239; C.9,8). Paradenia. Col. Beddome [C.}. e-d. do (V. 236; 0.8) & Q Ceylon. G. H. K, Thwaites, Esq. [P.]. (V. 240; C.6).
3. Rhinophis planiceps. T gee ypinus, Cuv. R. A, 2nd ed. ii. Fi ia (1829).
Rbnorhis pe ppinus, Mill, ee" J. Physiol. iv. 1832, ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 154, pl. lix. fig, 1 (1854); Peters, 'Uropelt
142 UROPELTID&.
p. 15 (1861); Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 46, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1865). Rhinophis planiceps, Peters, op. cit. p. 17, pl. i. fig.1; Theob. Cat. . Brit. Ind. p. 129 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 6; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 255 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral obtusely keeled above, about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal usually longer than broad. Diameter of body 24 to 34 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 153-172; subcaudals 3-6. Caudal disk about as long as the shielded part of the head. Uniform brown, each scale with a lighter margin ; sometimes a yellowish blotch near the head or on the anal region.
Total length 270 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a. 9 (V. 172; C. 4). Ceylon. C. R. Buller, Esq. [P.). (Type of R. planiceps. b. dg (V. 153; C. 6). Ceylon. C. He. Buller, OP. ec. 3 (V. 156; C. 5). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.}. d,e. 3 (V. 155; C. 6) & Ceylon. 2 (V. 170; C. 3). |
4. Rhinophis trevelyanus.
Dapatnaya trevelyana, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. ii. p. 17 (1853).
Mytilia gerrardi, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, pp. 58, 263, pl. xiii.
Rhinopins homolepis (Hempr.), Peters, Uropelt. P. 14, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1861); Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 48, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1865).
—— trevelyanus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 185 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 129 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 7; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 256 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral obtusely keeled above, about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal usually longer than broad. Diameter of body 26 to 30 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 190-204; subcaudals 3-6. Caudal disk as long as the shielded part of the head. Blackish brown above; yellow beneath, each scale with a black spot; a series of triangular yellow spots along each side of the body.
Total length 275 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-b, c-d. 3 (V. 190; C. 6), Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
2 (V. 200, 204; C.4, 5), & hgr. (V. 192; C.5).
e-g. d (V. 194; C. 5), 2 Ceylon. R. College of Surgeons, i ae Pry 5), & hgr. (Types of M. gerrardi.) (V. 196 ; O. 4). : |
h, i-l. 3 (V.198; 0.6) & 9 Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C.].
(V. 200, 198, 192; C. 3, 4,5).
i
eS a
2. RHINOPHIS. 143
5. Rhinophis sanguineus. Rhinophis sanguineus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 227 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 186, pl. xvii. fig. A (1864) ? Theob?
Cat. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 130 (1876); B Ann. & Mag. a2 5) xvii. 1886, p. 8; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 25
re microlepis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 227, pl. xxvi. . 2.
Snout acutely pointed; rostral obtusely keeled above, about one third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal longer than broad. Diameter of body 30 to 38 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 19 bebind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous seales, 182-214; subcaudals 5-10. Caudal disk as long as the shielded part of the head; sub- caudal and preanal scales pluricarinate in the male. Bluish black above, with or without some small light spots; belly and three or four outer series of scales bright red spotted with black; caudal shield black, with a red band on each side, and sometimes a median one.
Total length 400 millim.
Western Ghats, Southern Indian. a. do (V. 197; C. 9). Cherambody, Wynad, Col. Beddome [C.}. jt ad 3500 fect. (One of the : } b. Yg. (V. 199; C.10). Cherambody, Wynad, Col. Beddome [C.}. h. f (V. QU > se yep C73 Boda O: c-e, f-9, h. 3 . P ol. ome | C, |. obi 08; 6.9,9,9),9 ]
(V. 214, 199; C.7, 6), & 1g. (V. 182; C. 6). #. 9 (V. 198; C. 5). Manantoddy, Wynad, E. Pringle, Esq. 2000 feet. [P.}. k. 2 (V. 205; C. 6). Nilgherries.
6. Rhinophis travancoricus. (Prare IX. fig. 3.)
Snout acutely pointed; rostral feebly compressed, not keeled, about one third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal longer than broad. Diameter of body 34 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head, Ventrals about once and a half the size of the contiguous scales, 146 ; subcaudals 6. Caudal disk a little shorter than the shielded part of the head. Dark purplish brown, the scales on the sides and belly edged with whitish; anal region black; lower surface of tail
ow. Total length 170 millim. Travancore.
a. 9. Trevandrum., Hi. 8. Ferguson, Esq. [P.].
144 UROPELTID&.
7. Rhinophis blythii.
Rhinophis blythii, Kelaart, Prodr, Faun, Zeyl. ii. p. 14 (1858); Peters, Uropelt. p. 17 (1861); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H., (5) xvii. 1886, p. 8; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., t. p. 256 (1890).
Mytilia templetonii, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. apn, p- 263.
Rhinophis blythii, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 186 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 130 (1876).
Snout acutely pointed; rostral very slightly compressed, about one third the length of the shielded part of the head; frontal longer than broad. Diameter of body 22 to 32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven- trals only a little larger than the contiguous scales, 148-162; subcaudals 4-7. Caudal disk one half or three fifths the length of the shielded part of the head ; some of the distal caudal scales with faint traces of keels. Dark brown; sides with vertical yellow spots or a festooned or zigzag hand along the anterior half of the body; a yellow ring round the base of the tail.
Total length 370 millim. Ceylon (Central Provinces). a-c. o (V. 156, 148; C.7, Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [P.}. 7) & Q9(V.167; C. 4). (Types of M. templetonii.) d. Yg. (V. 162; U. 7). Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C,}. e. 2 (V. 160; C. 4). Ceylon. f t-g. 2 (V.156; C.5) & Punduloya, 4000 E. E. Green, Esq. [P.1. yg. (V. 148; C. 6). feet. F
3. SILYBURA.
Uropeltis, part., Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed. ii. p. 76 (1829).
Pseudo-Typhlops, part., Schleg. Abbild. p. 40 (1844).
Siluboura, Gray, Cut. Lis. p. 142 (1845).
Coloburus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 163 (1854).
Mytilia, part., Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 263.
Crealia, ies, l. c. p. 264.
Silybura, Peters, Uropelt. p- 20 (1861); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 189 (1864); Beddome, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 10; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 257 (1890).
Eye in the ocular shield; no supraocular, no temporal. No mental groove. Tail conical or obliquely truncated, terminating in a small scute which is square at the end or bicuspid, with the points side by side.
Peninsular India; one species in Ceylon.
Synopsis of the Species, I. 19 scales round the middle of the body. A. Upper surface of tail convex.
198-218 ventrals ; diameter of body 30 to 40 times in total length ........ 3. grandis, p. 148, 163-178 ventrals; diameter of body-23 to 30 times in total length ........ 8. nigra, p. 151.
3. SILYBURA. 145
B. Tail with a flat disk of strongly keeled scales; 203-230 ventrals ; diameter of body 34 to 40 times in total length. 11. broughami, p. 152. II. 17 scales round the middle of the body. A. Rostral entirely separating the nasals, 141-166 ventrals; diameter of body 22 to 31 times in total length ; eye not half length of ocular ................ 1. melanogaster, p. 146. 161-180 ventrals ; diameter of body 30 to 38 times in total length ; eye half length of ocular ..... We wims sicolnn 2. pulneyensis, p. 147.
B. Nasals in contact behind the rostral. 1, Eye not half the length of the ocular shield. a. Portion of rostral seen from above as long as its distance from the frontal, or shorter ; snout obtuse.
a. Tail round or slightly compressed ; upper caudal scales distinctly keeled; terminal scute without distinct points ; 151-180 ventrals ; diameter of body 25 to 33
times in the total length. 4. petersii, p. 148. B. Tail round or slightly compressed ; upper caudal scales smooth or faintly keeled ; terminal scute very small
and bicuspid. 152-173 ventrals ; diameter of body 27 to 40 times in total length .......- 5. maculata, p. 149. 174-188 ventrals ; diameter of body 32 to 38 times in total length ........ 6. liura, p. 149.
y. Tail with a flat disk of strongly keeled scales; 165- 172 ventrals; diameter of body 30 to 33 times in total Baas c's Sexe n.0 6 0%, 6.0 16. rubrolineata, p. 155.
b. Portion of rostral visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal ; upper caudal scales strongly keeled.
a. Rostral not more than one third the length of the shielded
part of head.
193-234 ventrals; diameter of body 30 to 46 times in total length ; eye hardly one third length of ocular.......... 7. ocellata, p. 150. 184-195 ventrals ; diameter of body 30 to 35 times in total length; eye more than one third length of ocular .... 9. nitida, p. 151. 144-172 ventrals ; diameter of body 25 to 32 times in total length ........ 14, ellioti, p. 154. B. Rostral compressed, keeled above, at least two fifths the length of the shielded part of head ; snout acutely pointed. "156-168 ventrals ; diameter of body 26 to 32 times in total length; caudal Seeramek Quite flat...........-.sseees 10. dindigalensis, p.152. L
146 UROPELTID.&.
213 ventrals; diameter of body 38 times in total length; rostral half length of shielded part of head............
180-188 ventrals; diameter of body 33 to 40 times in total length ........
12. macrorhynchus,
[p. 153. 13. beddomii, p. 153.
2. Eye half the length of the ocular, or more ; snout obtuse. a. Portion of rostral seen from above longer than its distance
from the frontal.
144-157 ventrals ; diameter of body 28 to 38 times in total length ; rostral one third length of shielded part. of RMT, cca orto oa ss ahah he Rae
139-153 ventrals; diameter of body 25 to 32 times in total length; rostral not quite one third length of shielded PAPO Of Meds) .8 Caw ina sista! Hi aa SGD
15. phipsonii, p. 155.
17. myhendre, p. 156.
b. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as its dis-
tance from the frontal. 142-150 ventrals ; diameter of body 30 to 32 times in total length ........ 127-136 ventrals ; diameter of body 25 to 33 times in total length ........
18. madurensis, p. 156. [p. 157. 19. rubromaculata,
c. Portion of rostral visible from above shorter than its
distance from the frontal. 128-130 ventrals ; diameter of body 26 or 27 times in total length; eye half doneth Of OOGIRT | S50 sie gale Anes 120-146 ventrals ; diameter of body 21 to 29 times in total length ; eye more than half length of ocular..........
20. arcticeps, p. 157.
21. brevis, p. 158.
III. 15 scales round the middle of the body; 128-140 ventrals ; diameter of body 24 to 29 times in the total length.
22. macrolepis, p. 159.
1. Silybura melanogaster. Mytilia (Crealia) melanogaster, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 264,
Plectrurus ceylonicus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 388. Rhinophis melanogaster, Peters, Uropelt. p. 18, pl. it. fig. 4 (1864) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. p. 47, 1. 9, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1865).
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 130/ 1876).
Silybura melanogaster, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, —
blythii, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit.
Ind. p. 186 (1864); Theob,
p- 20; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 260 (1890). Snout pointed ; rostral about one third the length of the shielded
part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its —
distance from the frontal, entirely separating the nasals; frontal
a a ean ¥
| | |
| 3. sILyBurRA. 147
longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 22 to 31 times in the total length. Scales in 17 rows round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ven- trals but little larger than the contiguous scales, 141-166. Sub- caudals 6-10. Tail round or slightly compressed, the terminal seute with two small spines ; caudal scales with very faint keels. Dark brown, with yellow spots more or less confluent into a lateral band. In three young specimens in the collection (km) the colour is yellow, each scale of the upper surface, chin, and tail with a dark brown spot.
Total length 270 millim.
Ceylon (Central Provinces).
a-d. ay (V. 157,152; C.10,10) Ceylon. (Types.)
165; C. 5, eid A a iO, 157; ©. 10,9) Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. & 2. 162, 166, 162 ; C. 6, [P.}.
PG, k, -m. Yg. (V. 158, 141,144; Ceylon. G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. O'5, 10° 9), Pj. Bed n. & (V. 153; ©. 10). Ceylon. C. . [P.]. o. d (V. 152; C. 9). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.]. p. o (V. 155; C. 9). Ceylon. gq. Skeleton. Ceylon,
2. Silybura pulneyensis. —<.. Proe. Zool, Soc. 1863, p. 228, nied yensis, Giinth. yy Brit. Ind. er . XVvii. opis puley Theob. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 13 sz) Sily yura ae Theod. op. cit. p. 135. —— guentheri, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801, ant dad Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. =i" —— pulneyensis, Beddome, Ann. wee. H. (5) xvii. ities, Ind., Rept. p. 500 (1 ); Boettg. Ber. Ver, Nat. 1892, p. 76.
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral about one fourth the length of the- shielded part of the head, longer than its distance from the frontal, entirely separating the ‘nasals ; frontal longer than broad. Eye half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 38 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the conti-
ious scales, 161-180. Subcaudals 6-13. Tail somewhat com- pressed, the terminal scute with two small points; usually some of
the posinel scales with faint keels. Brown, with a few minute _ yellow specks on the back ; a yellow lateral band anteriorly; belly with ies yellow, usually alternating, spots or cross bands. In one men (S. , Bedd.) the belly is uniform yellow. eC 380 millim. Pulney and Cumbum Hills (Madura District), Southern India, 5000-7000 feet.
L2
A TG, A %
a
148 UROPELTID&,
- V. 178; C. 6). Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.}. Jae . (One of the ! } bed, e, f. g (V. 180,172, Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [0.}.
175; C. : 8,12) & 9 WW i70 6. 13) ‘ Cumbum Hills, 5000 ft, Col. Bedd 18) g 3 (V. ; C. 138). umbum Hills . Col. ome [C.}. ; 1 (Typo ot &. puma
3. Silybura grandis. Rhinophis grandis, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se. 1867, fig.; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 131 (1876), Sil aes grandis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414; eddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 11; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 261 (1890).
Snout pointed ; rostral one third or one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, longer than its distance from the frontal, sometimes separating the nasals ; frontal longer than broad. Eye very small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 40 times in the total length. Scales in 19 rows round the middle of the body, 21 behind the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the contiguous scales, 198-218; posterior ventrals pluri- carinate in the male. Subcaudals 6-12. Tail round or slightly compressed, the terminal scute with two small spines ; caudal scales more or less strongly pluricarinate. Dark violet; belly with alter- nating large yellow spots or cross bands.
Total length 480 millim.
Anamallay Mountains, 8. India.
a. 3 (V. 206; C,10). Anamallay Forests, 4000 Col. Beddome [C.}.
feet. (Type.) b, e-d. g (V. 208; Anamallay Forests,4000 Col. odasais [C.}. C. 10) & 9 (V. 214, feet. 213; ©. 8, 7). e-m. 3 (V.198, 200; Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq. C.10, 12), 2(V. 214, [P.]. 206, 210, a 5 CF hs 8, 6), & yg. (V. 205, 218; C. fi, 7: n. Skeleton. Anamallays, 4700 feet. W pee Esq. _
4, Silybura petersii. (Pxare VI. fig. 1.)
ee Peete Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann, § ag. N. H, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 22; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 261 (1890).
Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral hardly one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia- meter of body 25 to 33 times if the total length. 17 scales round — the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals about twice
3. SILYBURA. : 149
as large as the contiguous scales, 151-180. Subcaudals 6-11. Tail round or slightly compressed, the terminal upper scales more or less distinctly pluricarinate ; the terminal scute with a transverse ridge, ae hares —. Brown, with or without yellowish dots
y with irregular yellowish spots; no yellow band on the side of the tail. . z
Total length 190 millim. Sr oe. aC¥. . 167, 180, io Anamallays, 4000 feet. Col. Beddome [C.]. “ohh ,10)& OV. 160 (Types.) ok, 2 154, 157,151, Anamallays,4700 feet. W. Davi ; 2S: 0.10,10,10,10, an [P.]. ene oa
10) ye. (V.163; C.6).
5. Silybura maculata. (Prare VI. fig. 2.) Silybura maculata, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann, Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 22; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 261 (1890). Snout obtuse ; rostral about one fourth the length of the shielded of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its dis- tance from the frontal ; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 27 to 40 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 152-173. Subcaudals 8-13. Tail rounded or a little compressed ; scales smooth or a few of the terminals faintly keeled ; terminal scute very small, bicuspid. Dark brown or black, with several deep red blotches along the sides of the anterior portion of the trunk and about the tail, rarely along the whole of the body. Total. length 380 millim. cigind and Travancore Hills, 6000-7000 feet.
i ig _ 2, Anamallays, Col. Beddome [C.]. 11) & ‘ © . of Tra H. 7 inna Bi nM ri 5; 0.8 ie Sy Bie 7000 feet. ae [P.]. =
6. Silybura liura.
Silybura liura, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, » R228, P pl. xxxi. fig. B; Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 18; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 262 (1890). Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one third the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact ; frontal longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia- meter of body 32 to 38 times in the total length. 17 scales round
-
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150 UROPELTID ®.
the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 174-188. Subcaudals 8-12. Tail round or slightly compressed, the terminal seute very small and bicuspid ; caudal scales smooth or with very faint keels. Purplish brown above, each scale edged with darker, with transverse series of small yellow, black-edged ocelli; sides and lower parts with large alternating black and yellow spots or cross bands.
Total length 320 millim.
Tinnevelly and Madura Hills, 3000-5000 feet, 8. India.
a. ¢ (V.183; ©.12). Madura Hills. Col. Beddome[C.]. (Type.) b-d. 6 (V.174,177; —‘Tinnevelly Hills. Col. Beddome [C.].
7. Silybura ocellata.
Silybura ocellata, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 226, and Madras Journ. Med. Sc. 1863, fig. ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 190, pl. xvii. fig. If (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 138 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 17; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 262, fig. (1890).
—— ochracea, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 801, and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. p. 17.
—— dupeni, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801.
Snout pointed; rostral about one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal; nasals forming a suture behind the rostral; frontal usually longer than broad. Eye very small, hardly one third the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 46 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the con- tiguous scales, 193-234. Subcaudals 6-11. Tail round or slightly flattened, the terminal scute with two small points; scales on the upper surface of the tail strongly pluricarinate. Yellowish or brown above, usually with transverse series of small yellow black- edged ocelli; belly brown. with large yellow spots or cross bands, or yellow mottled or blotched with brown.
Total length 500 millim.
Anamallay, Nilgherry, and Tinnevelly Mountains, 2000-4500 feet. a. 2 (V. 199; C. 8). Walaghat, Nilgherries, Col. Beddome [C.}.
3500 feet. (One of the types.) b. 3 (V. 197; C.10). Nilgherries. 2 °) At 197, 196; Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.}. 8%) 2 , é, fy ha. 3 (V. 223; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. C. 9) & 9 (V. 225, ” (Types of S. ochracea.)
229, 220, 230; ©. 8, 6,
7,7). k. fg (V. 231; C. 10). Neliamputty, Anamal- Col. Beddome [C.]. lays, ft, (Type of S. dupeni.)
3 j :
3. SILYBURA, 151
hm, 3 “214; ae 11) Oochin, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. & 9 Nate 0.8 ) ’ y [C.}.
3 4 ogo 292; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [0. "Sts Sa (V. 22, § led 997, 218, 223; 0.7, 7, 7,7). , 8. Silybura nigra. ae ge (non Gray), Giinth, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1875, p.227,
—— nigra, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 154, and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 12; Boulenyg. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 263 (1890).
Snout pointed ; rostral one third to two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal, sometimes separating the nasals ; frontal a little longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 23 to 30 times in the total length. Seales in 19 rows round the middle of the body, as well as behind the head. Ventrals about twice as large as the contiguous scales, 163-178. Subcaudals 6-11. Tail rounded, the terminal scute with two small points; upper caudal scales more or less strongly pluricarinate. Blackish or dark violet, above with transverse series of small round yellow spots or ocelli ; a lateral series of large yellow spots, with may be confluent into a ‘band.
Total length 280 millim.
Hills of Southern India (Pulney, Anamallay, Madura, Tinnevelly), 4000-5000 feet.
a. o (V. 166; C. 11). Anamallays. ° Col. Beddome [C.}. 1 3 at 163; OC. 10). Travancore. a C.}. 0 (V. 171; C.6). Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.}. “ ne Me 76, 1s 178, Pulney Hills. OC Beddome [C. 78; of 8. wire) 4 Ni in6, Wt: C. Pulney Hills. ome
9. Silybura nitida. (Pare VI. fig. 3.) 5 nitida, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. rie 154, and Ann. § sts (1200) ~ haae 1886, p- 19; Bouleng. Faun’ Ind., Rept. P-
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one third the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as long as broad or a little longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 35 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 184-195. Subcaudals5-11. Tail round or slightly flattened above, the terminal seales strongly pluricarinate ; the terminal scute with a transverse
152 UROPELTID2.
ridge and two more or less distinct points. Black, inferiorly with distant large yellow spots, which usually alternate but sometimes meet to form cross bands.
Total length 350 millim,
Anamallays.
a-b, c-e. 8 (V. 195, 187; Cochin side of the Ana- Col. Beddome [€.]. ©. 11, 11) & 9 (V.— mallays,4000-5000ft. (Types.) 191, 184, 192; C. 6,
7, 5).
10. Silybura dindigalensis. (Pxare VII. fig. 1.)
Silybura dindigalensis, Beddome, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 167, and Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 13; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 264 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed ; rostral compressed, about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal longer than broad. Eye very small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 26 to 32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the con- tiguous scales, 156-168. Subcaudals 5-10 ; tail obliquely truncate, flat above, with strongly pluricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Yellowish above, the scales edged with darker, with small dark brown spots ; belly dark brown, with yellow spots or irregular cross bars; a yellow streak on the lips, continued along each side of the neck.
Total length 355 millim.
Sirumallay Hills, Madura District, 4000-5000 feet.
a,b-d. g (V.156;0.10) —‘Sirumallays, near Col. Beddome [C.]. = Q Ware 168, 167 ; Dindigal. (Types.) . 6, 6, 5).
11. Silybura broughami. (Prare VII. fig. 2.)
Silybura broughami, 'Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1878, p. 800, and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 11; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 264 (1890).
—— levingii, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 801.
Snout acutely pointed; rostral compressed, obtusely keeled above, about two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above much longer than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal as broad as long, or slightly longer than broad. ye very small, vot half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 34 to 40 times in the total length. 19 scales round the middle of the body as well as behind the head. Ventrals not twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 203-230. Subcaudals 7-10; tail obliquely truncate, flat above, with strongly pluricarinate scales ; terminal seute bicuspid. Brown
3. SILYBURA.
above, with more or less distinct transverse series of small yellow, plack-edged ocelli ; sides with a series of large yellow spots ; ventrals dark brown.
Total length 410 millim.
Sirumallay and Lower Pulney Hills, S. India,
a. 2 (V.227; 0.7). Sirumallay Hills, Ma- —_ Col. Beddome [C.]. dura District, 5500 ft.
b-c. J ( Lower Pulney Hills, Col. me [C.
ioe’? * 330; 4000 ft. (Types of S, levingii.
12. Silybura macrorhynchus. (Puiare VIII. fig. 1.)
sy 4g ea iE Beddome, 30, p. 10; Bouleng. Foun, nds at a HH, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 19; Bouleng Ind., Rept. p. 264 (1890).
Snout acutely pointed, much produced ; rostral strongly com- pressed, keeled above, half the length of the shielded part of the head; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal as broad as long. Eye very small, not one third the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 38 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body and 19 behind the head. Ventrals not quite twice as large as the contiguous scales, 213. Subcaudals 6 (2); end of
_ tail subtruncate, the rugose part small and rather flat, the scales with three to five strong keels; terminal scute bicuspid. Upper parts uniform brown, lower parts mixed with yellow; a yellow streak from the mouth along each side of the neck; a yellow streak on each side of the lower surface of the tail, connected with its fellow by a cross bar on the anal region.
Total length 570 millim.
Anamallays.
a. Q(V.213; C.6). Above Ponachi, 4000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.}. (Type.)
13. Silybura beddomii. cheery i, Giinth, A Mag. N. H. (3 1862, p. 56, Brit. Brit, Ind. p- 190, 9a. 24 xvii. fg FO F (ss) Theob- Cat. ft rit, Ind. p. 133 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 265 ai, part, Bade, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, Pp
_ §Snout acutely pointed, much produced; rostral strongly com- _ pressed, keeled above, two fifths the length of the shielded part of the head ; nasals in contact behind the rostral ; frontal longer than broad. Eye very small, not half the length of the ocular. Dia- meter of body 33 to 40 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 180-188. Subcaudals 6-7 (9); end of tail subtruncate, convex or somewhat flattened above, the
ei. a.
Se alae aarti
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ee ee,
a
154 UROPELTID.
scales with three to five strong keels; terminal scute with a trans-
verse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Brown, lower
mixed with yellow ; a yellow streak on each side of the neck;
a yellow band across the anal region ; none on the sides of the tail. Total length 275 millim,
Anamailays. a-c. 2 (V.188, 182,180; Anamallays, Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 6, 6, 7). (Types.)
14, Silybura ellioti.
Siluboura ceylonicus, Gray, Cat. Liz. p. 142 (1845).
Siloboura ellioti, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1858, p. 262.
Silybura ellioti, Peters, Uropelt. p. 21 (1861) ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875, p. 228; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 265 (1890).
Coloburus ceylanicus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 1. 9, pl. ii. fig..6 (1865).
Silybura ellioti, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190 co Theob. Sk t. nfs Ind. p. 133; Beddome, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. . 20.
—- punctats Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229.
—— beddomii, part., Giinth. J. ¢.
Snout pointed ; rostral about one third the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact behind the rostral ; frontal longer than broad. ye very small, not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 144-172. Subcaudals 6-10. End of tail convex or somewhat flattened above ; upper caudal scales with three to six strong keels ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Dark brown, uniform or with yellow dots above and small yellow dots inferiorly ; a more or less distinct yellow line on each side of the neck; a yellow band on each side of the tail, connected with its fellow by a transverse bar across the anal region,
Total length 240 millim. ;
Mountains of Southem India.
a. & (V. 168; C. 9). Near Madras. 7 c [P.]. ( b-c. ¢ (V. 168; C.10) Jeypore Hills, Vizaga- Col. Bodice [C.}. & ve 172; C. 6). atam. d. 9 (V. 144; C. 7). Golcondah Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type of S. punctata. e-h. 3 (V. 154; C.9,7) Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. & 2 (V. 157, 151, 152; (Types of S. puactata.) C. 7, 7, 6). t. 9 (V. 155; C. 7). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. (Type of S. punctata, es 2 (V. 169, 167,170, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. 70; C. 7, 6, 7, 6) &
yg. (V. 167, 160, 166; C. 7, 8, 9).
r. o (V. 164; C. 9). Balarangams, Mysore. Col. Beddome [(.}.
-
3. SILYBURA. 155 s. 2 (V. 162; C. 7). Yerkand, Shevaroys. Dr. J. R. Henderson . "hado t-u. ¢ (V.151; C.10) N. Canara. C me [C.]. & 2 " i C. 7). v. do (V. C. 11). Madras Presidency. Col. Beddome [C.}.
15. Silybura phipsonii. = elliotti, part., Giinth. Rep. Brit. Ind, p. 190 (1864); Theob. at, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 133 (1876) ; _Beddome, Ann. & May, N. 2 o xvii. 1886, p. 20. —— cayhonsice,, part., Giinth. aha Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 228.
phipsonii, Mason, Ann. & aye i (6) i. 1888, p. 184;
~ Bealeag. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 986 i806 Snout obtusely pointed; rostral one zi the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above longer than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact behind the rostral ; frontal longer than broad. Eye rather more than half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 28 to 38 times in the total length. Scales in 17 rows round the middle of the body, in 17 or 19 round the neck. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 144-157. Subcaudals 7-12. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi- or quadricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less dis- tinct points. Brown, uniform or with yellowish dots above; a ' more or less marked short yellow streak on each side from the commissure of the mouth; a yellow band on each side of the tail, connected with its fellow by a transverse bar across the anal region.
Total length 280 millim. Bombay Ghats, North Canara, Mysore.
a-b. aoe 150, 157 ; C.8,8). | Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.
e. fo (V. 148; ©. 11). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P.
d. 2 Me 152 ; C. 8). N. Canara. Col. Beddome C.}. e. 2 (V. 145; C.7). Balarangams, Col. Beddome'[C. Fe (VV: 149; 0. @: India. Zool. Soe.
g (V. 144; ©. 12) & India. oy abe, 144; C. 7, 9). .
16. Silybura rubrolineata. (Prare VIII. fig. 2.) Silybura rubrolineata, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875,
. 298; ddome, A M ; AH ( 1 14; Bouteng’ fee hic tok n @) eee —
Snout obtusely pointed ; a we one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as broad as long or slightly longer than broad. Eye small, not half the length of the ocular, Diameter of body 30 to 33 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 165-172. Sub- caudals 6-8. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
156 UROPELTID®.
strong'y bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge but no points. Blackish brown, with a more or less marked bright red band along each side.
Total length 400 millim.
Travancore Hills and Anamallays,
V. 165; C. 6). Travancore Hills. eg (V. 172; C.8) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.], her. (V. 169; 0.6). (Types.)
17. Silybura myhendre. (Prats IX. fig. 1.)
Silybura nilgherriensis, var. myhendree, Beddome, Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 15. — myhendre, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 267 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral one fourth or not quite one third the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above slightly longer than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact ; frontal slightly longer than broad. Eye somewhat more than half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 189-153. Subcaudals 7-8. Tail obliquely truncate, flat above, with strongly bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge, indistinctly bicuspid, rounded in the young. Dark purplish brown above, each scale with a crescentic yellowish posterior border ; three or four dark transverse blotches behind the head ; lower parts yellowish, with small purplish-brown spots in the adult, with large rhomboidal transverse blackish blotches in the young.
Total length 335 millim. Travancore. a. Q (V. 189; C.7). Myhendra Mountain, Col. Beddome [C.]. . Travancore. (One of the ¢ 4 b. Yg. (V. 148; ©. 8). Trevandrum. ans on
18. Silybura madurensis. (Pxare IX. fig. 2.)
Silybura madurensis, Beddome, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 802; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 267 (1890).
—— nilgherriensis, vars, arcticeps, 5 pi et picta, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 1
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral about one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact behind the rostral ; frontal longer than broad. Eye measuring about half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 30 to 32 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as large as the contiguous scales, 142-150. Subcaudals 7-9. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with
-
3. SILYBURA. 157
strongly bi-, tri-, or quadricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two points. Black above, uniform or closely spotted with yellow; belly orange, with alternating large black spots or cross bands ; lower surface of tail black in the middle, orange on the sides.
Total length 350 millim.
Mountains of Southern India (Madura and Travancore).
ab. 3 & yg. a 142, Cumbum Hills, Madura Col. Beddome [C.].
149; C.7, 8).- District. )
ce. ¢ (V. 150; 0.8). Near Peermede, North Col, Pedtiyme [Oo], Travancore. of 8. picta.)
d. 3 (V. 150; C.8). High Range, Travan- atk erguson, Esq, core. e
19. Silybura rubromaculata.
Silybura rubromaculata, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se.
867, fig.; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229; Theob, Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 135 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 14; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 268 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral a little more than one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact; frontal a little longer than broad. Lye half or somewhat more than half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 25 to 33 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 127-136. Sub- caudals 8-10. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi- or tricarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Dark olive-brown, uniform above ; lower parts variegated with yellow and red; some red blotches on each side of the anterior portion of the body, and one on each side of the tail near the vent.
Total length 340 millim.
Anamallays. a d-e. g (V. 182,133, Anamallays, above Col. Beddome [€.]. -
; C. 10, 9, 10) & Ponachi, 4000 feet. Types. (V. 136, 133; ©. 8, 8). (Fypee.)
f. & (V. 128; 0.9). Anamallays, 4700 W. Davison, Esq. ; feet. [P.}.
:
20. Silybura arcticeps.
Silybura arcticeps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229, fig.; gon Faun. Ind., _— p- 268 egy e. — erriensis, Var. arc ddome, Ann. . N. Hi. (5) xvii. 1888, p. 16. “ 5 OR: Fe Snout obtusely pointed ; rostral about one fifth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above i about half its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact ; fropital
/
/
"oak ‘te | : = ae
158 UROPELTID &.
much longer than broad. Eye measuring hardly half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 26 or 27 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as large as the contiguous scales, 128-130. Subcaudals 8. End of tail nearly flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi- or tricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Brown above, with small yellowish dots; yellow inferiorly, with large black spots or cross bands.
Total length 200 millim.
Tinnevelly Hills, 8. India.
a-b. i (V.128, Tinnevelly, 3000-4000 feet. | Col. Beddome [C.}, 130; C.8, 8).* (Types.)
21. Silybura brevis.
Uropeltis ceylanicus, Cuv. 2. A. 2nd ed. 3 p-. 76 (1829); Cocteau, *n Guér, Mag. Zool., Cl. iii. pl. ii. (1833
Pseudo-Typhlops ceylanicus, ‘Cie. ADbil 45 (1844).
Coloburus ceylanicus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. di, pl. a fig. 3 rs
Siloboura ceylonica, Gray, oes Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 262.
Silybura ceylonica, Peters, Uropelt. } 21 (1861).
— ceylenica, part., Peters, Mon. Berl. OR 1861, p- 903; Giinth. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1875, p. 228.
—— brevis, Giinth. ‘Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 56, ee Brit. Ind. p. 192, pl. xvii. fig. D (1864), and Proe. Zool, Soc. 1 875, Gnd. Rept p. 268 Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun’
nd t
—- shortii, EP daome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 225, pl. xxv. fig. 1;
aes Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191, pl. it 5 fig. 'e; Theob. 1. ¢. 34
cides nilgherriensis, Beddome, 1. c. p. 226, pl. xxvi. fig. 1, and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 14.
—— bicatenata, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 191, pl. xvii. fig. H, and Proce. Zool, Soc. 1875, p. 229; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 184.
—— ellioti, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 190, and Proe. Zool. Soc. 1875, 298; Theob. l. c. p. 183; Beddome, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1 6, p. 14.
—— ellioti, vars. shortii, annulata, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. p. 15.
Snout rounded; rostral hardly one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal a little longer than broad. Eye more than half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 21 to 29 times in the total length. 17 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals twice as large as the contiguous scales, 120-146. Subcaudals 8-12. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bi-, tri-, or quadricarinate scales; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two more or less distinct points. Brown or blackish brown above, with or without yellowish spots or cross bars or a yellowish lateral
stripe; belly yellowish, with or without dark brown spots, or -
3. sILYBuRA. 159
entirely brown ; lower surface of tail brown or black in the middle, ow on the sides.
Total length 450 millim. Mountains of Southern India. a. g (V. 184; C. 11). Nilgherries. Col. Beddome [C.}. (Type of S. nilgherriensis.) pf § (V. 144,148; C. Nilgherries. Col. Beddome 'C.}. ov 142; C. 9). Nilgherries. ge ®, 136; 6:10). Gudalur, Wynad, E. Pringle, Esq. 3000 feet. a? Ff. Yg. (V. 185; C.9). Wynad, 3500 feet. Co ome [C,}. (Type of S. annulata.) g- Ys. V. 182; C. 9). ‘Balarangams. Beddome [C.}. . 125; o. fas Pulney Hills. Col. Beddome [C. i it (V. 122; 9). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. of S. brevis.)
k-m,n. 3 (V. 123,127; Anamallays, 4000 Co dome [C.}. C. 10, 5 & £3 (V. 132, feet. 45;
145 ; o-r. fo vi. 48 140, 142; Shevaroys. Col. Beddome ode)
ce. 10, 11, 10) & hgr. (Type of S.
(Vv. 140 ; ; ©. 9). 8. 3d (V. 120; C. 9). niyo 1 Range, Travan- 4.58. Feb is t. fo (V. pak C. 10). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C. wu. 9, bad sta Malabar. Col. Beddome [C,}. v. 3 (V. 135 ; 6, 12). Deccan (?). Col. Sykes [P.
(Type of S. bicatenata.)
22. Silybura macrolepis.
Silybura macrolepis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 904; Giinth.
t. Brit. Ind. p. 189, pl. xvii. fig. B (1864) ; heob. Cat. Rept.
Brit. Ind. p. 132 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag H, (5) xvii. 1886, p. 24; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. P. 269 (1800),
Snout rounded ; rostral not one fourth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal as broad as long or slightly longer than broad. Eye more than half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 24 to 29 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals twice as large as the contiguous scales, 128-140. Sub- caudals 7-9. End of tail flat above, obliquely truncate, with strongly bicarinate scales ; terminal scute with a transverse ridge and two points. Black or dark purplish brown, each scale with a lighter edge ; a short but broad yellow band on the lips and sides of neck, continued as a series of two to five large spots ; a yellow band along each side of the tail.
“Total length 295 millim.
Bombay Hills.
160 UROPELTID &,
a. Q (V. 140; ©. 9). cote? )
b-h. 2 (V. 133, 131, 131; Matheran. De etn [P.}. C. 8, 9, ”) & 1g. (V. 128, 128, 182, 130; ©. 8, 8, 8, 9).
4. PSEUDOPLECTRURUS.
Plectrurus, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 24, Pseudoplectrurus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270 (1890).
Eye small, in the ocular; no supraocular. Tail compressed, with the terminal seute compressed and with two superposed simple or bifid points.
Southern India.
1. Pseudoplectrurus canaricus. (Pxare X. fig. 1.)
Silybura canarica, Beddome, Madras Journ. Med. Sc, 1870. Plectrurus canaricus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 229; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 137 (1876); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 27. sire Ne canaricus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270 Snout obtuse ; rostral hardly one fonrth the length of the shielded part of the head, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad. Eye not half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 32 to 48 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 19 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the contiguous scales, 172-188. Subcaudals 6-13. Upper caudal scales smooth or feebly pluricarinate. Brownish violet, each scale usually paler in the centre ; with or without small yellow spots on the back ; lips yellow; some yellow blotches on each side of the anterior portion of the body; lower surface of tail yellow, with or without a black median streak. Total length 430 millim. Mountains of South Canara. a, b-e. g (V. 180, 175, Kudra Mukh, near = Col. Beddome [C.], 176; C. 11, 12, 18), ¢ Mangalore, 6000 (Types.) (V. 185; C. 7),& yg. feet.
) | . & (V. 182, 175,181, Kudra Mukh, 6200 _E. Pringle, Esq. [P.]. ra § 179;0.11,11,12, feet. aict » Beg. [Fe]
7), & yg. (V. 176, 188 182, 179; ©.11, 13, 12, 8).
5. PLECTRURUS.
Plectrurus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 166 (1854) ; Peters, Uro-
pelt. p. 22 (1861) ; Giinth. hp Brit. Ind. p. 192 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 270 (1890).
Maudia, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 261.
Plectrurus, part., Beddome, Ann. § Mag, N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p, 24,
P 4 ’ , : t } '
ae -_ J - oar 4 eee
5. PLECTRURUS, 161
Eye in the ocular shield. No mental groove. A supraocular; no temporal. Tail compressed, the terminal scute compressed and with two superposed, simple, bifid or trifid points.
Southern India,
Synopsis of the Species. I. Eye not quite half the length of the ocular shield; terminal caudal seute with two superposed simple points. Woemtrals 160-168. 5.0... cccccccccsssecs 1. perroteti, p. 161. ROM IEE ans oo velcic ceca cues bimuann 2. davisonii, p. 162.
II. Eye half the length of the ocular; terminal caudal scute with two superposed bi- or tricuspid transverse ridges.
Ventrals not twice as broad as contiguous BONNE Satan dwase oe.c0s «ck ama naees 3. guentheri, p. 162. Ventrals twice as broad as contiguous scales. 4. aureus, p. 162.
1. Plectrurus perroteti.
Plectrurus perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 167, pl. lix. fig. 4 (1854) ; Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1858, p. 265; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1864), and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p- 230; Jan, Icon. Gén. 1. 9,
L. ii. fig. 7 (1865); Theob. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 136 (1876); eddome, Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 25; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1890).
Snout obtuse ; rostral small, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal ; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad, Eye hardly half the length of the ocular, Diameter of body 30 to 38 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals not quite twice as large as the contiguous scales, 152-168. Subcaudals 7-12. Caudal scales more or less distinctly pluricarinate; terminal seute with two superposed single points. Brown or purplish, uniform, or each scale edged with darker; young pale brown, with darker longitudinal lines.
Total length 330 millim.
Nilgherries and Anamallays, 4000-8000 feet.
a-b, ¢ (V.156; C. 12) Nilgherries, T. C. Je ef Pe}. & 2 (V. 164; ©. 7). sola:
e. 2 (V. 158; C. 8). Nilgherries, ee grt Socie
d-e. Yg. (V. 161, 168; Kotagiri, Nil- Henderson
C. 8, 8). gherries, [P.}.
I-k. 3 (V. 156, 156,152, Anamallays, 4700 W. Davison, Esq. [P.]. 158; ©.10,11,11,10) feet. & 9 (V. 161; 0. 7).
L 4 an (V. 154, 159; Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}.
ng. ¥e Vy .(V.164, a 157, Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.}. ; C.8, 8, 9, 10).
r, 8. 9 (V. 157; C. 8) & Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.}.
yg. (V. 165; ©. 11). VOL, I. M
162 UROPELTID&.
2. Plectrurus davisonii. (Prare X. fig. 2.)
Plectrurus davidsoni, Beddome, Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 25; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1890).
May eventually have to be united with P. perroteti, from which it differs only in the somewhat more elongate body (39 times the ~ diameter), the higher number of ventrals (180), and the brighter coloration. Yellow, each scale edged with purple.
Total length 430 millim.
Anamallays.
a. 2 (V. 180; C. 8). Anamallays, 4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq. [P.]. (Type-)
3. Plectrurus guentheri.
Plectrurus giintheri, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 228, pl. xxvii;
Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.
. 136 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 26 ; ouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 271 (1990).
Snout obtuse; rostral small, the portion visible from above shorter than its distance from the frontal; nasals in contact; frontal longer than broad. Eye half the length of the ocular. Diameter of body 36 to 42 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals not twice as large as the contiguous scales,171-175. Subcaudals10-12(¢). Caudalscales pluricarinate ; terminal scute with two superposed bi- or tricuspid transverse ridges. Bright reddish purple above, this colour descend- ing as triangular processes to the sides, which, like the belly, are yellow ; these triangular markings sometimes extending across the’ belly.
Total length 360 millim.
Nilgherry Hills, 3500-4000 feet.
a. 6 (V.174; C. 12). Walagut, below Sispara. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.) b,c. go (V.171,175; Walagut. Col. Beddome [P.]. C. 10, 12).
4. Plectrurus aureus. (Prare X. fig. 3.)
Plectrurus aureus, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 182, and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 26; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 272 (1890).
Very closely allied to the preceding, the only structural difference being found in the ventrals, which are a little broader, viz., twice as broad as the contiguous scales. Diameter of body 39 to 44 times in the total length. Ventrals 164-177; subcaudals 8-12. Of a brilliant golden colour, brighter beneath; the scales edged with violet, with or without a few irregular narrow violet-black cross bars on the back; the belly much ornamented with violet-black cross bands or alternating spots.
4
-
6, MELANOPHIDIUM, 163
Total length 400 millim.
Wynad (Chambra Hill). a. ¢ (V. 164; C. 12). Chambra Hill. Col. ry [C.}. ) b-c. g (V. 170; C. 11) Chambra Hill. Col. Beddome [C.].
& 2 (V. 177; C.8).
. 6. MELANOPHIDIUM. Melanophidium, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 193 (1864); Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 2, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 272 (1890). | Eye in the ocular shield. A median groove along the chin. ‘No supraocular; no temporal. Tail cylindrical or slightly com- pressed, the terminal scute pointed or with one or two vertical ridges. Palatine teeth present. Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species. I, Suture between the ocular and the frontal more than one third the length of the latter shield. 1. wynadenge, p. 163.
II. Suture between the ocular and the frontal less than one third the length of the latter shield.
Ventrals and subcaudals black, edged with MN 6c CI CE 4 65 civ. aot es helnt GRae ae 2. punctatum, p. 164. Ventrals black, subeaudals white ........ 3. bilineatum, p. 164.
1. Melanophidium wynadense. Plectrurus wynandensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 228. Melanophidium dense, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 104, pl. xvii. fig. 3 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 138 (1876); Bed- dome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 30; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 272 (1890).
Snout rounded; rostral small, just visible from above; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout; suture between the ocular and the frontal more than one third the length of the latter shield. Eye very small. Diameter of body 44 to 48 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 or 19 behind the head. Ventrals rather more than twice the size of the contiguous scales, 176-185. Subcaudals 10-15. Black, beautifully iridescent, uniform or with large yellow spots on the belly.
Total length 445 millim.
Wynad, Malabar, 3000-5000 feet.
a. 9 (V. 185; C.11). Near Manantoddy. Col. Beddome [C.}. b, ¢. ° (V. 185, 176; Near Manantoddy. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 11, 12). - M
164 UROPELTIDE.
2. Melanophidium punctatum.
Melanophidium punctatum, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med. Se. 1871; Ginth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875, p. 230, pl. xxxii fig. a Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 139 (1876) ; Beddome, Ann, §
N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 31; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 275 (1890).
Snout rounded ; rostral small, just visible from above; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout ; suture between the ocular and the frontal less than one third the length of the latter shield. Eye very small, still smaller than in M. wyna- dense. Diameter of body 42 to 48 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals rather more than twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 183-198. Subcaudals 15-18. Black above, beautifully iridescent; ventrals and the two lower series of scales on each side with a broad white border.
Total length 550 millim. Travancore Hills, 4000-4500 feet.
a, b-c. 3 (V. 198, 194, Travancore. Col. Ciyoce) [C.]. 189; C. 15, 18, 16). (Types.
d-e. (V. 184; ©.16)& Travancore. Col. ome [C.}.
yg. (V. 191; ©. 16), f. d (V. 183; C. 17). Peermad, Travancore, G. E. Mason, Esq. 4000 feet. [Pek
3. Melanophidium bilineatum. Melanophidium bilineatum, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med. Se. 1870; Gitinth. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875, 1g 230, pl. xxxii. fig. A ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 188 (1876) ; "Beiddome, Ann. §
Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 30; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 373 (1890).
Snout rounded ; rostral small, just visible from above; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout; suture between the ocular and the frontal less than one third the length of the latter shield. Eye very small. Diameter of body 40 to 50 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 or 19 behind the head. Ventrals rather more than twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 188-200. Subcaudals 15-17. Black, beautifully iridescent ; a broad yellow band, with or without a series of black dots, along each side, from the lips to the tail, where it unites with its fellow on the under surface.
Total length 360 millim.
Wynad, Malabar, 4000 feet.
a. d (V. 188; C. 15). Wynad. Col. a [C.]. b-c. 3 (V. 192; ©. 15) Wynad. Col. Wedbee [C.}, ye. (V. 200; ©.1
ey ate tiie Sk
7. PLATYPLECTRURUS. 165
7. PLATYPLECTRURUS.
phen ome oa Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 414;
B , Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 31; Bouleng. Faun.
Ind., Rept. p. 273 (1890).
Teretrurus, Beddome, 1. ce. p. 28. Eye distinct from the neighbouring shields, of moderate size. A supraocular and a temporal. Tail cylindrical or slightly compressed, the terminal scute pointed or with a transverse ridge.
Southern India.
Synopsis of the Species.
Snout broadly rounded ; supraoculars longer
than the prefrontals; 163-175 ventrals 1. trilineatus, p. 165. Snout broadly rounded; supraoculars as
long as the prefrontals; 150-175 ventrals 2. madurensis, p. 166. Snout obtuse ; supraoculars as long as or
shorter than the prefrontals; 120-150
WOUMPUIE oc os Sate Bee ed's oh cota & Ba 3. sanguineus, p. 166.
1. Platyplectrurus trilineatus. (Pxare XI. fig. 1.) Plectrurus trilineatus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1867, p. 14, fig.; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 137 (1876). Platyplectrurus trilineatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, . 413; Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 32; ‘ouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 274 (1890). —— bilineatus, Beddome, 1. c. p. 33.
Snout broadly rounded ; rostral small, visible from above ; frontal longer than broad ; supraocular much larger than the eye, longer than the prefrontals; temporal two thirds or three fifths the length of the parietals. Diameter of body 37 to 50 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 163-175. Subcaudals 8-16. Caudal scales smooth or a few of the terminal ones inconspicuously bi- or tricarinate; terminal scute with a transverse ridge which is hardly distinct in the female. Adult reddish brown or brick-red above, with three continuous or interrupted black longitudinal lines; young dark brown or black above, with two or more yellowish dorsal stripes, yellowish below, each scale with a brown dot.
Total length 400 millim.
Anamallays.
a. g (V.165; C.16). Anamallays, 4000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.].
(Type.) b-d. ¢ (V.168;.C. 14), Anamallays, 4000 ft. Col, betes [C.}. 9 (V.173; ©. 10), & hgr. (V. 163; ©. 14). o (V. 166;C.14) Anamallays, 4700 ft. W. Davison, Esq. Ae (V. 175, 165; [P.]. C. :
166 UROPELTID®.
h-i. Yg. (V. 164, 163; Madras Hills. Col. Beddome [C.}. ©. 14, 13). (Types of P. bilineatus.
k-l. Yg. (V. 162, 168; Devacolum, Travancore Pol. Beddome [C.). C. 11, 10). Hills,
2. Platyplectrurus madurensis. (Prare XI. fig. 2.)
Piatyplectrurus madurensis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 167, and Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886, p. 33; Bouleng. Faun. Ina., Rept, p. 274 (1890).
Very closely allied to the preceding, but head-shields rather shorter and supraoculars not longer than the prefrontals, Diameter of body 38 to 42 times in the total length. Ventrals 158-175 ; sub- caudals 10-15. In one of the specimens the temporal is anoma- lously fused with the fourth labial. Above a nacreous purplish brown; ventrals and the two adjoining series of scales on each side white in the centre, purplish brown on the borders.
Total length 350 millim.
Pulney and Travancore Hills (4000-6000 feet).
a, b-d. 3 (V. 158; 0.15) & Pulney Hills, 6000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.}. 9 (V. 170,175, 165; 0.11, (Types.) 10, 10).
3. Platyplectrurus sanguineus.
Plectrurus sanguineus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Se. 1867, p. 14, fig. ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 136 (1876).
Platyplectrurus hewstoni, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1876, p. 701.
Plectrurus scabricauda, Theob. 1. ¢.
2 ae sanguineus, Beddome, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xvii. 1886,
: travancoricus, Beddome, l. ¢. p. 29.
Platyplectrurus sanguineus, Bouleng, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 274 (1890).
Snout obtuse; rostral small, visible from above; frontal longer than broad; supraocular not or scarcely larger than the eye, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals; temporal about half the length of the parietals. Diameter of the body 22 to 28 times in the total length. 15 scales round the middle of the body, 17 behind the head. Ventrals nearly twice as broad as the contiguous scales, 120-150. Subcaudals 5-10. Caudal scales smooth or faintly keeled in the females; all the caudals and the last ventrals more or less distinctly pluricarinate i in the males; tail ending in a simple compressed point. Brown or purplish red above ; belly red, uniform or more or less blotched with black.
Total length 220 millim.
Anamallays, Wynad, and Travancore Hills (3000-4700 feet).
a-f. 3 (V.128; ©. 9), 9 Anamallays, 4000 ft. Col. Beddome [C.). wv ‘ak 147, 181; ©.6, (Types.) yg. (Vv. 135, : Tb. 9,8).
XENOPELTID. 167
= as: (V. 142, 120; C. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. rk, g (V. 147, 149; ©. Anamallays, 4700 ft. W. Davison, Esq. ). .].
1. 9 (V.128; C.5). Wynad, 3000 ft. oft dome [C.]. of P. hewstoni.)
m. 9 (V.127; 0.7). Wynad. Beddome [C.}.
| n-qg. 3 (V. 182; C.8) & Travancore hills Col. Beddome [C.}. 2 v8 135,130; C. 3000-4000 ft. (Types of 7’, travancoricus.)
, 7, 7).
r-t. Her. (V. 139, 147; C. High range of Tra- H.S. Ferguson i
ie 10) & yg. (V.150,C. vancore Hills, [P.}. ‘ost
i Fam. 6. XENOPELTIDZE.
Imbricate, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
Agi nyo Holodontiens, part., Duméril, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. . 424, 1853.
Tertricide, part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 18, 1863.
Xenopeltide, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, P; 230.
Xenopeltide, Gtinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180, 1864.
Xenopeltidw, Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc, xxiii. p. 482, 1886.
Xenopeltide, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 275, 1890.
Cranial bones more or less solidly united; transpalatine present ; pterygoid extending to quadrate ; supratemporal present, suspending quadrate ; prefrontal in contact with nasal. Mandible without coronoid bone. Teeth in jaws, palate, and premaxillary.
A single genus, inhabiting South-eastern Asia.
1. XENOPELTIS.
Xenopeltis, Reinw. in Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 564; Dum. § Bibr. “Ae Gén. vii. p. 28 (1854); Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1864); ooh Icon. Gén. p. 57 (1865); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 276 (1890).
Tortrix, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 1 (1887).
Teeth small, equal, closely set, and very numerous (4 on each side of the premaxillary, 33-38 in each maxillary, 35 or 36 in each ramus of the mandible). Dentary bone attached loosely to the apex of the articular and movable on it. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil. Nostril between two small nasals; frontal in contact with a large agygous interparietal shield, which is in the middle between four parietals. A mental groove. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 15 rows; ventrals large; tail short, subcaudals in two rows,
- Asia. South-eastern Asia —
fia «~
168 XENOPELTID.
Skull of Xenopeltis unicolor.
1. Xenopeltis unicolor.
Xenopeltis unicolor, Reinw. in Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 564; Cantor, Cat.
Mal. Rept. p. 54 (1847); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 28 (1854) ; Giinth. t. Brit. Ind. p. 180 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. p. 57,1. 9, pl. v-
(1865); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 140 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 276, fig. (1890). :
— concolor, Reinw. l. ¢. &
— leucocephala, Reinw. 1. ¢.
Tortrix xenopeltis, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 20, pl. i. figs. 8-10, and — Abbild, pl. xxxv. (1844).
Head much depressed, snout rounded; frontal as long as its distance from the rostral; supraocular small, smaller than the upper postocular ; a single large praocular or loreal shield; two postoculars, upper largest; eight upper labials, first in contact with the internasal, fourth and fifth entering the eye; a pair of very small chin-shields, in contact with the three anterior lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 166-193; anal divided ; subcaudals 26-31. Black or brown above, highly iridescent, scales with lighter edges, white beneath ; head whitish in the young.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 100.
8. India, Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and Archipelago,
-
COLUBRID. 169
a. Ad, (V. 190; C, 29). Siam. sa Pi Schomburgk 6. Ad. (V. 190; ©. 29). Siam. e. Ad. he? pea C. 31). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.]. d, ny Fier Pinang. Dr. Cantor. d. & hee (. 176, Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.}.
70, C. 29, 29).
g. Ad. (V. 184; C. 31). Borneo. H. Low, Esq. [P.}. i. Ad, (V. 181; CO. 28). Borneo, Sir J. Brooke i,k. Ad. & hgr. (V. 191, Celebes.
Sd C. 30, a Z. g. (V. 173; C, 30). —? Haslar Hospital. m. ,8 P Lieut. Bevan [P.]. n. Skull. Java.
Fam. 7. COLUBRIDZ.
Hydri, Pseudovipere, Colubrini, l, Ordn. Rept. p. 49, 1811. Colubroidea, Bungaroidea, Viperoidea , part., Fitznger, Neue Classif. 11, 1826. crak niate, past (Oligodonta, Isodonta, part., Heterodonta, Am- phibola, re i Nes rt., Holochalina, part.), J. Miiller, Zeitschr. me Physiol. iv. p. 270, my % ydridz, part., jolubridee, part. , Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 2, 1849. Agiyphodontes, part., Opithogte ay Mee Sea he hes, Duméril, Mém, Ac. Se. xxiii. p. 419 , Erp. Gén. vii. 1854. Asinea, part. (Glyphodonta, Colubrina, Calamarina, Acrochordina), Stannius, Zoot. Amph. p. 5, 1856. icone part., Giinther Cat. Col. Sn. p- 1, 1858. » Protero typhi, Cope, Pree. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 280. Colubr rmes, pa Golubriformes * venenosi, Giinther, Rept. Brit. Pose 4. Pp 168 387 1864, phi), (Acrochordidee, Nothopide, Colubride, part., Acon- “ar hide), ),, Paoteroglyphe, ‘Cope, Proc, Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii.
coatvide, Bo Boulenger, Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 234, 1890. Facial bones movable; prefrontal not in contact with nasal ;
transpalatine present ; pterygoid extending to mandible or quad- rate ; supratemporal present, attached scale-like to the skull and suspending quadrate; maxillary horizontal, not movable per- pendicularly to the transpalatine. Mandible without coronoid bone. Both jaws toothed.
Divided into three parallel series :— A. Aciypna.—All the teeth solid, not grooved.
B. Op1srnociyr#a.—One or more of the posterior maxillary teeth grooved.
C. Proreroetypna.—Anterior maxillary teeth grooved or “ per- forated.”
"a oe rt
170 COLUBRID,
Skull of Tropidonotus natrix.
Series A. AGLYPHA. Divided into three subfamilies:—
1. Acrochordine.—The postfrontal bone produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales not or but slightly imbricate.
2. Colubrine.—Postfrontal bone not produced over the supra- orbital region. Scales usually imbricate. Teeth on the entire length of the maxillary and dentary bones.
3. Rhachiodontine.—Teeth rudimentary ; maxillary and dentary bones edentulous anteriorly.
Beyond these three subfamilies I am unable to divide the Agly- phous Colubride into groups (higher than genera) that may be regarded as natural and capable of definition. I have, however, arranged the genera of Colubrine in two series according to the presence or absence of hypapophyses or hemal processes on the posterior dorsal vertebre. This point (see fig. 12) is easily ascertained by making an incision along the belly in the posterior fifth of the body, pushing aside the viscera, and disarticulating the
— -
a a oe
—_
COLUBRID ®. 171
rhachis by bending the body dorsally. The application of this character, first employed for taxonomic purposes by Prof. Cope,
. but which had not hitherto been tested in a thorough manner, t leads to some unexpected results as to the affinities of many genera a and species the position of which appeared somewhat problematical. : Thus all the Madagascar Colubrine have the hypapophyses deve- : loped poner the vertebral column, and thus differ from the 4 Fig. 12.
4
-]/{, «= =
Posterior dorsal vertebrae of :— A. Lioheterodon madagascariensis. B,. Heterodon nasicus. a. Back view. 6. Lower view. c. Side view.
American genera Liophis, Heterodom, Dromicus, &ce., with which they have long been associated, although, indeed, a careful com- parison of their external structure alone shows these views to have been based merely upon very superficial resemblances. As regards those dwarfed, degraded forms which have hitherto been oP associated as Calamariide, I have endeavoured, as far as possible, = to bring them into nearer neighbourhood to such more powerful a, Snakes, from which, so far as the value of their characters can
be correctly estimated, there is reason to believe they are derived. é Thus Haldea and Streptophorus are placed near Tropidonotus and allies, as proposed by Cope, Simotes and Oligodon near Coronella, and so on; in the same way as in the family Boide the genera Eryz, Lichanura, Charina, Bolieria, and Erebophis have been incorporated among the Boas, and Loxocemus and Calabaria among the Pythons instead of being grouped together as “Erycida,”
In the case of the Boas the course followed is so obviously in accordance with the spirit of a natural classification, that I do not anticipate any objection being raised against it. It has been my aim to carry out the same principle in dealing with the large and far more difficult group of the Colubride.
a
172 COLUBRID.
Subfam. 1. ACROCHORDINAE Hydrophide, part., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 510.
py se, part. part, (Achrochordina, Xenodermina), Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 35, Gcrerhosdinee, Duméril, Mém, Ac. Sc, xxiii. p, 485, 1853; Du-
Acrochordidee, Jan, Elenco sist. 106, “er Acrochordidw, Cope, Proc. Ac. Pi
Acrochordidss, Giinther, Rept. Brit. ha or p 3 2864. Notho opide, Cope, Proc. Ae. ’Philad. 1871, p. 202,
méril & Bibron, Erp. Gén. vii. i. p. 100 1854.
Acrochordidz, Nothopide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Plilos. Soc, xxiii,
p. 484, 1886, Acrochordine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 354, 1890.
Postfrontal bone produced over the supraorbital region. Maxil- lary and dentary bones armed with solid teeth along their whole length; palatines and pterygoids toothed. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Scales not or but slightly
imbricate. South-eastern Asia and Central America.
Skull of Chersydrus granulatus,
Synopsis of the Genera. I. No ventral shields ; head covered with uniform granules.
Body scarcely compressed .......... 1. Acrochordus, p. 173.
Body and tail compressed, with a fold below.
2. Chersydrus, p. 173.
II. Ventral shields well developed ; head covered with uniform
STANUIGE en vines Gs bee nee 3. Xenodermus, p. 175.
III. Ventral shields well developed; head with symmetrical shields,
Subcandals single ; prefrontal and ope shields present.
4. Stoliczkaia, p. 175.
Subcaudals in two rows ; no prefrontal or supraccular shields.
_5. Nothopsis, p. 176.
1. AcRocHoRDUS.—2. CHERSYDRUS. 173
1. ACROCHORDUS.
Acrochordus, Hornstedt, Abh. Acad. Stockholm, viii. 1787, p. 307 ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 388 (1803) ; Gray, Cat. pigs . 61 (1849) ; Dum. a rp. Gén. vii. p. 34 (1854); Giinth, Bayt. Brit. Ind.p. 335 ( )
Acrochordus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 424 (1887).
Potamophis, part., Schmidt, Abh, Naturw. Hamb. ii. 1852, p. 75.
Teeth subequal, about 15 in each maxillary. Head not distinct from neck, small, covered with granular juxtaposed scales ; nostrils close together on the top of the snout; eye very small, with ver- tically subelliptic pupil. Body stout, slightly compressed ; scales very small, tubercular, spinose; no ventral shields. Tail short, subcylindrical, prehensile.
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago; New Guinea.
1. Acrochordus javanicus.
Acrochordus javanicus, Hornstedt, Abh. Acad. Stockh, viii. 1787,
. 807, - xii.; Shaw, Nat. Miscell. v. pl. exlviii. (—?); Daud.
. Vii. p. 390, pl. Ixi. fig. 42 (1803) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii.
p- 498 (1837), and P ADbild, pl. xvii. figs. 12-14 (1839); Cantor,
Cat. Mal. Rept. a 58 (1847); Gray, Cat. p. 62 (1849); Dum. §
Bibr. vii. p. 35 (18! ne Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. iv. (1860) ; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 336 (1864); F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel,
vill. 1887, p. 267.
so dubius, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 575, pl. exxix. (1802).
Potamophis javanica, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii, 1852, p. 75.
Head-scales very small, rough, larger and flat towards the mouth; no shields of any kind. About 120 scales round the body, dorsals largest. Brown or olive above, more or less distinctly spotted, striped, or marbled with black ; lighter beneath.
Total length 1300 millim. ; tail 180.
Malay Peninsula, Java, N ew Guinea.
a, b. Yg. Pinang. Dr. Cantor. e Ad., stffd. E. Indies. E. India Company d, e. Many yg: E. Indies. E. India Company. £ g. Yg. E. Indies. on Hardwicke h. o- Java. Dr. a i. 3. Java. A. Scott, Esq. [P.}. k-m. 9, bgr., & yg. ai River, New Rey. S. Macfarlane
uinea. [C.]}.
2. CHERSYDRUS.
part., Schneid. Hist, Amph ae 233 (1799). Choco Cuv. Réegne Anim, of 7 (1817); Gray, Cat. Sn. (1849); Dum. & Bibr. ey al , vii. p. 40 (1854) ; Giinth. Rene Brit. Ind. p. 336 (1864) ; Bouleng. "Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 355 (1890).
174 COLUBRID.
Acrochordus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp, ii. p. 424 (1887), Potamophis, part., Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Tomb, ii. 1852, p. 75.
Teeth subequal, 12 to 15 in each maxillary. Head not distinet from neck, small, covered with granular, juxtaposed scales; nostrils
close together on the top of the snout; eye very small, with ver-
tically subelliptic pupil. Body stout, compressed; scales ve small, juxtaposed, rhomboidal, with a short tubercle-like k spinose on the belly; no ventral shields ; ; a fold of the skin running along the median line of the abdomen. Tail short, com- pressed, prehensile, scaled like the body.
Mouths of rivers and coasts of South-eastern Asia and Papuasia,
1, Chersydrus granulatus.
Hydrus granulatus, Schneid, Hist. Amph. i. p. 243 (1799).
Acrochordus fasciatus, Shaw, Zool. ili. p. 576, pl. exxx. (1802) ; ~ Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 429, pl. xiv. figs. 14- 16 (1837).
Pelamis granulatus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 870 (1803).
Acrochordus granulatus, Cantor, Cat. Mal, Rept. p. 59 (1847).
ser ig granulatus, Gray, Cat. p. 61 (1849) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit.
p. 336 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. "Ind. p. 186 Spa
Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 355, fig. (1890).
annulatus, Gray, I. C.
Potamophis fasciata, Schmidt, Abh. Naturw. Hamb. ii, 1852, p. 75.
Chersydrus fasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 41 (1854).
. No rostral shield ; a series of slightly enlarged shields on each
lip, separated from the oral border by a series of minute scales; no chin-shields. About 100 scales round the body, dorsals largest. Dark olive or blackish, with pale cross bands or annuli, which may become indistinct in the adult.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 100.
From Southern India and Cochin China to New Guinee.
a-b. Hgr. 9. Madras. T. C, Jerdon, Esq. PL eye
c.. Yg. Madras. J. E io Esq. af annulatus. ) d-e. Hgr. Ceylon.
2. Bassein R., Burma. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.].
g- Q. Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
h, Hgr. 9. Singapore. a Hardwicke (Types of C, t. Yg. Sumatra, Leyden Museum. nner) k-l. 9. Borneo, Sir. E. Belcher iba
mn. 2 & her. Manilla. Dr. Collingwoo
o-p. 9 &hgr. Manilla Bay. J.J. Walker, Esq. i (Pa
q: + a Ls H. J. Veitch, Esq.
RBs ava
Bes Fly R., New Guinea. Rey, S. Mesereor [C.].
t. Ad., skull, Java.
3. XENODSRMUS.—4, STOLICZKAIA, 175
3. XENODERMUS.
Xenodermus, Reinh. Overs. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1836, p. 6; Wiegm. Arch. f. Nat. 1837, p. 136; Reinh. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p- 257; oe Sn. p. 81 (1849); Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 45 (1854)
Gonionotus, Gray, in Stokes's Discov. in Austral. i. p. 602 (1846).
Teeth subequal, about 15 in each maxillary. Head distinct from neck, covered with granular juxtaposed scales ; nostrils directed forwards, in an undivided nasal; eye moderate, with round pupil. Body slender, compressed, with small juxtaposed keeled scales and longitudinal rows of large tubercles; ventrals well developed. Tail long, with single subcaudals.
Java; Sumatra; Pinang.
1, Xenodermus javanicus.
Xenodermus javanicus, Reinh. Overs. Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1836, p- 6, and Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. x. 1843, p. 257, pl. ii. figs. 1-8; Gray, Cat. p. 81 (1849); Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 45, pl. Lxiii. (1854).
asa sine esa Gray, in Stokes’s Discov. in Austral. i. p. 503, pl. iv. (1846).
Xenoderma javanicum, F. Miill. Verh, nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p- 268.
Rostral small, triangular, not visible from above ; nasals meeting behind the point of the rostral, followed by two pairs of small shields; labials scarcely enlarged, about 20 on each side; no chin- shields. About 40 scales across the body; the tubercles disposed in pairs alternating with single ones on the vertebral line, and forming a single series along each side of the back. Ventrals 173-185; anal entire; subcaudals 147. Dark brown above, lighter beneath.
Total length 350 millim.; tail 135.
Java, Sumatra, Pinang.
a. dg (V.178; 0.147). — Java. (Type of Gonionotus plumbeus.)
4. STOLICZKAIA.
Stoliczkia, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc, Beng. 1870, p. 81; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept, p. 354 (1890).
Teeth small, subequal, about 14 in each maxillary. Head distinct from neck, covered with large shields; nostrils directed forwards ; nasal shield undivided; eye small, with round pupil. Body slender, compressed ; scales elliptical, juxtaposed, strongly keeled, increasing in size towards the ventrals, which are well developed. Tail Jong; subcaudals single.
‘ Khasi Hills, N.E. India.
“%
176 COLUBRID.
1. Stoliczkaia khasiensis.
Stoliczkia khasiensis, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 81; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 205 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 355, fig. (1890).
Rostral extremely small, not visible from above; a pair of small jnternasals ; a pair of very large prefrontals ; frontal broader than long and shorter than the prefrontals ; supraocular very narrow ; parietals nearly twice as long as the frontal; a small loreal; a large preocular and two postoculars; eight upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye, eighth much elongate; temporals small, scale-like; a single pair of small chin-shields, in contact with three lower labials. Scales in 30 rows, dorsals separated by naked skin, laterals larger and juxtaposed. Ventrals 210; anal entire; sub- caudals 115. Purplish brown above; three or four outer rows of scales and ventrals white with brown edges.
Total length 670 millim. ; tail 190.
Khasi Hills.
a. 9 (V. 210; C. 115). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.}. . (Type-)
5. NOTHOPSIS. Nothopsis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 201.
Teeth subequal, about 12 im each maxillary. Head distinct from neck, covered with small scales above, except a pair of inter- nasals in contact with nasals and rostral, an isolated median frontal, and a pair of small oval parietals, each also entirely sur- rounded by small scales; nostril in a single nasal; eye rather small, with round pupil. Body slender, compressed, with small, feebly imbricate, keeled scales; ventrals well developed, angulate on the sides. ‘Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows.
Central America.
1. Nothopsis rugosus. Nothopsis rugosus, Cope, l. c. pl. xvii. figs. 1-7.
Rostral subtriangular, not visible from above; frontal shield broad cordate, the apex posterior, divided in front by a median suture; parietals narrow, separated by a single series of scales; upper labials small, 12; a pair of very small chin-shields, Scales in 29 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 158; anal entire; subcaudals about 65. Brown, yellowish on the sides ; sides with dark brown triangular blotches edged with yellow; belly yellow, with small brown spots.
Total length 381 millim.
Isthmus of Darien.
ae ; : /
COLUBRIN &. 177
Subfam. 2. COLUBRINZ.
oon , Hydrophida, part., Colubrini, part., Dendrophide, parts, oe Tas, 1827, p. 510. Ca iens, Plagiodontiens, Isodontiens, Colubriens, Lycodontiens, eo (Lycodoniens, Boédoniens, Eugnathiens, ee et) * ~ iens, part., epg Diacrantériens, méril, Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. p. 427, 1853; Duméril § Bibron, Erp. Géit vii. p. 25, 1854. ‘ Coryphodontiens, Duméril § Bibron, 1. c. Calamaridew, part., Coronellide, part., Natricide, Colubride, Sigg al Dendrophide, part., Lycodontide, Giinther, Cat.
Calamaride, part., Probletorhinide, part., Coronellidw, part., Colu- . brid, Potamophilide, , Dryophilide, part., Lycodonti , ' Dipsadide, part., Jan, sist, Ofid. 1863. ligne Bape eh Oligodontidw, Colubride, part., Dendrophide, part., Lycodontide, Giinther, t. Brit. Ind. p. 169, 1864, Acontiophide, Giinther, Proe. . Soe, 1875, p. 232. Trimerorhini, part., Peters, Reisen. Mossamb, iii. p. 118, 1882. © inw, part., Coronellinw, Colubrine, Lycodontine, Homa- lopsinee, part, Acontiophide, Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. xxiii. . 5
Cdlubrine, Boulenger, Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 278, 1890.
Postfrontal bone not produced over the supraorbital region. Maxillary and dentary bones armed with solid teeth along their whole length ; palatines and pterygoids usually toothed *. Scales usually imbricate.
Cosmopolitan ; but very scantily represented in Australia.
Synopsis of the Genera.
developed crest or tuvercle’projecting below the condyle ( fig. 12, A, p. 171).
A. Dentary bone attached loosely to the apex of the articular and freely movable on it (see fig. 14, p. 181); teeth very numerous and closely set, equal, 30 to 50 in each maxillary.
Eye moderate or rather sma!l, with round pupil; scales smooth, without pits ........ sypery Nise 6. Polyodontophis, p. 181.
B. Dentary bone not or but slightly movable on the articular.
1. Maxillary teeth equal, 20 to 30; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged ; eye moderate or large, with round pupil.
Scales smooth, without pits ...... 7. Dromicodryas, p. 189,
I. Hypapophyses present throughout the vertebral column, repre- | sented on the posterior dorsal vertebre by a more or less”
* Unless the contrary be stated in the generic diagnoses, the palatine and pterygoid bones are understood to be armed with teeth; the vomers are con- stantly toothless, and so is the premaxillary in, all Snakes, except some of the Boida and Ilysitde and Xenopeltis,
voL. Le N Ss
~ \
-_
wn
a — = j —_— oil’ a _——_ 7 a - ee e 7 a a4 * - ~—
178 COLUBRIDR, Scales keeled, without pits; nostril in a single nasal. 8. Xenochrophis, p. 191.
2. Maxillary teeth minute posteriorly, much larger ante- riorly ; eye rather large, with round pupil. |
Renee mecled .. 0... 03. pets 9. Prymnomiodon, p. 192.
* 8. Posterior maxillary teeth longest; mandibular teeth sub- eaual; eye moderate or large, with round pupil; a pair of internasal shields.
a. Scales forming longitudinal series throughout the body.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 40, forming a continuous series. 10. Tropidonotus, p. 192.
Maxillary teeth 14 to 22, the last two very large fangs separated —
from the rest by an interspace ; snout rounded; scales keeled. 11. Macropisthodon, p. 265.
Maxillary teeth 12 to 14, the last two very large fangs separated
from the rest by an interspace; snout pointed, projeccing; scales
smooth ...... ale akin Ioasgre ne eoee 12. Lioheterodon, p. 268. b. Scales disposed obliquely on the anterior part of the body. Maxillary teeth 20 to 28 ........ 13. Pseudoxenodon, p. 270. |
4. Posterior maxillary teeth longest; eye moderate or small, with round pupil; a single internasal shield.
Mandibular teeth subequal ; nostril in a semidivided nasal; scales without pits (,..5 0630050000. 14. Helicops, p. 272.
Mandibular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly ; nostril between two nasals ; scales with apical pits .. 15. Hydrathiops, p. 280.
5. Maxillary teeth subequal; mandibular teeth equal or an- terior somewhat enlarged; eye small or rather small,
' with round or vertically elliptic pupil. 4 a. Labial shields not entering the nostril ; subcaudalsin two rows. i I _ a. Maxillary bone extending forwards beyond the pala- F) tines,
* Scales keeled; a preocular; nostrils on upper surface of snout.
Maxillary teeth strong, abeut 30 .. 16. Tretanorhinus, p. 281. 7 Maxillary teeth small, 20 to 25 .. 17. Opisthotropis, p. 283.
** Scales keeled; one or two preoculars ; nostrils lateral.
Maxillary teeth 14 to 18 ..)...... 18. Ischnognathus, Pa
é _
ao
t , a
. —
COLUBRLN & 179 *** Scales keeled; loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. T Scales not striated ; pupil round. A pair of internasals ............ 19, Amphiardis, p. 290. A single internasal ............ 20. Haldea, p. 290. tf Scales striated; pupil subelliptic A pair of internasals ............ 21. Streptophorus, p. 291.
**** Scales smooth. + Loreal and preocular present. ~ Nostril an oblique slit between two nasals ; pupil round. 23. Hydrablabes, p. 296. 7 Nostril between two nasals ; pupil bags subelliptic. Trachischium, p. 297. Nostril in a semidivided nasal ; We vertically subelliptic. 25. Rhabdops, p. 300. tt No loreal; a large semidivided nasal in contact | with a preocular. Dorsal scales oblique ...........- 26. Plagiopholis, p. 301. +tt Loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Maxillary teeth 30 to 35 ; pupil args subelliptic. 27. Oxyrhabdium, p. 302. Maxillary teeth 20 to 25; pupil round. 28. Xylophis, p. 303.
t+ttt No loreal; a single small nasal; present or absent.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 22; pupil rete subelliptic. . 29. Brachyorrhus, p. 305.
p. Maxillary bone not extending forwards beyond the palatines; scales keeled; loreal and prefrontal
entering the eye.
Maxillary teeth about 10 ; scales ees a single prefrontal. Chersodromus, p. 295.
Maxillary teeth about 20 ; scales Beta a pair of prefrontals. 30. Elapoides, p. 306.
b. Labial shields not entering the nostril; subcaudal shields single.
Beales kegled ............seecee $1. Achalinus, p. 808, N
180 COLUBRID.
ec. Nostril between two small nasals and the first labial. Scales keeled ; subcaudals single .. 32. Haplocercus, p. 309. Scales smooth ; subcaudals single.. 33. Aspidura, p. 310. Scales smooth ; subcaudals paired.. 34. Blythia, p. 313.
6. Posterior maxillary teeth enlarged; anterior mandibular teeth much larger than the posterior; eye small, with round pupil.
Scales smooth, without pits ...... 35. Pseudoxyrhopus, p. 314.
7. Maxillary teeth equal; anterior mandibular teeth larger than the posterior ; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; scales with apical pits,
Scales keeled ; no loreal shield .... 36. Lycognathophis, p. 317. Scales smooth... ..... sees es cees 37. Ablabophis, p. 318.
8. Posterior maxillary and mandibular teeth smallest; eye moderate or rather small, pupil usually vertically elliptic.
a. Maxillary teeth forming a continuous series. ; a. No loreal pit. Scales smooth, without pits ; pupil round. | 38. Tetralepis, p. 319.
| Scales smooth, without pits ; pupil vertically subelliptic. ) 39, Lamprophis, p. 320.
Scales keeled, with apical pits, the middle row enlarged and bica- PN oo. 855 35nd Caan es 40. Gonionotophis, p. 323. ; f. Loreal region with a pit ; scales without pits. ‘Beales kecled ..........0..0000: 41. Bothrophthalmus, p. 324. Scafes smooth ...........0..5- 42. Bothrolycus, p. 325.
’ }, Enlarged anterior maxillary teeth separated from the > small teeth by an interspace.
a. Scales equal, smooth, with apical pits.
Nostril between two nasals ; pupil round. 43. Cyclocorus, p. 326.
JN ostril between two nasals; pupil vertical. ’ 44, Boodon, p. 327.
; Nostril in a single nasal, followed by a small postnasal; pupil
i a
WRENNER 5... . ». Rae 45, Lycophidium, p. 336. 8B. Scales without pits, middle row enlarged.
Body compressed ; scales smooth .. 46. Hormonotus, p. 343. | Body cylindrical ; scales keeled .. 47. Simocephalus, p. 344. (
II. Hypanophyses absent in the posterior dorsal yertebre, the lower a
, surface of which is smooth or with a low keel (see fig. 12, B, | p. 171). | = .
‘ [The Synopsis to be continued in the second noe
P.
ao: | as
: ar \
ea Oh he 4 ed
6. POLYODONTOPHIS. 181
, 6. POLYODONTOPHIS. He as, part., Schleg. Phys. 173 (1837). Enkopoath (non G. Gray), Dum. § + Bion v3 Ota vii. p. . 828 (1854). gg “i, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 27 (1858), Rept. Brit. A Tad. p. 223 (1864
Enicognathus, part., sa Arch, Zool. Anat. _ fae p. 266.
Henicognathus, Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. viii. 1 Henicognathus, part., Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mez., Tepe p. 655
(1886). Polyodontophis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 301 “idoo.
! Teeth very numerous and closely set, 30 to 50 in each maxillary, equal in size. Dentary bone completely detached from the articular posteriorly. Head short, not or but slightly distinct from neck * ;
3 eve moderate or rather small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical, : ongate; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses
developed throughout the vertebral column. Madagascar and Comoro Islands; South-eastern Asia; Central
America.
Fig. 14.
Maxillary and mandible of Polyodontophis collaris.
Synopsis of the Species. I, 30 to 32 teeth in each maxillary ; 8 upper labials, fourth fifth entering the eye ; subcaudals 65-99. A. Scales in 17 rows.
Loreal deeper than long; frontal consider- ably shorter than the parietals ...... .- 1. rhodogaster,p. 18 Loreal as deep as long, or longer than deep ; ; frontal but slightly shorter than the
II, 37 to 50 teeth in each maxillary. A. Upper border of rostral shield just visible from above. 1. 9 or 10 upper labials.
4 * Unless otherwise stated in the generic diagnoses, the upper head-shields » ie eeeertood to be mormal~ vit So Saeeeia nomeel a pair of internasals, ‘ a pair of prefrontals, a frontal, a pair of parietals, and, on each gabe A Deter, cher two nesals, a loreal, cme,6 Maar Sk amas cael and several labials. The presence of su as a merely specific character, e. g. -—
182 COLUBRID®.
a. Parietal not in contact with the lower postocular; sub- ‘eaudals 102-131. :
Rostral not twice as broad as deep...... 4. sumichrasti, p. 183. Rostral twice as broad as deep ........ 5. collaris, p. 184. b. Parietal in contact with both postoculars. Subcaudals 89-145 ...............04. 6. geminatus, p. 185. Babcaudals 47-76 ©). Foo sea aces 7. subpunctatus, p. 186. 2. 7 or 8 upper labials; subcaudals O-TOES Fisin's 5.4 a mite Lielerdig-s Niece 8. sagittarius, p. 187.
B. Portion of rostral visible from above measuring two fifths its distance from the frontal.
9 or 10 upper labials ; subcaudals 73-75. 9. bistrigatus, p. 188. 8 or 9 upper labials ; subcaudals more than BL ae Sent ha Mi pet ped A bah r 10. annulatus, p. 189.
1. Polyodontophis rhodogaster.
rl dart he rhodogaster, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 193 (1837). Enicognathus rhodogaster, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p: 332, pr Ixxx, fig. 2 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 278, and mE Sort 16, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1866); Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges, xi. p. 8. A ae rhodogaster, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 302
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture _ between the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, con- iderably shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one preocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1 + 2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or alittle shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-188; anal divided; subcaudals 77-84. ) Pale brown above, with a darker vertebral stripe, three scales wide, edged on each side by a black line; a dark brown streak along 2 each side, on the second row of scales ; upper surface of head dark 4 brown, with a yellowish spot on the outer side of the parietal shields; upper lips yellowish white, with a few black dots, and edged with black above; throat and lower surface of neck yellowish white, dotted with black ; belly and lower surface of tail bright pink in the middle, yellow on the sides ; a series of black dots may
be present on each side of the belly.
Total length 650 millim. ; tail 170. Madagascar.
a-c. 3 (V. 188; 0.77), 9 Madagascar, (V. 186; C. 73), & yg.
(V.176; ©, 84). F
,
6. POLYODONTOPHIS. 183
2. Polyodontophis torquatus. Enicognathus rhodogaster, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 332 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 273, and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1866); Boetty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xi. 1877, p. 8. Np — ouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 103, Pp v. . .
Apart from a different coloration this species may be distinguished from the preceding in its more elongate head; the loreal is as long as deep or longer than deep ; and the frontal, which is much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, is but slightly shorter than the parietals. Ventrals 144-200; subcaudals 65-95. Brown above, uniform or with small black spots arranged in longitudinal series ; sometimes a dark line along the middle series of scales; a more or less distinct dark cross band behind the parietals; a whitish, black-edged streak along the upper lip; throat brown, with white, dark-edged markings; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish or pink, with more or less numerous brown or black dots. Total length 610 millim. ; tail 170.
adagascar,
M a. 2 (V. 181; C. 65). Near Tamantave. Rev. W. Deans Cowan [C. 6. 3 (V. 172; C. 74). Ankafana, Bet- Rev. W. Deans Cowan [C.}. sileo, e-d. g (V. 167; C.79) Antongil Bay. L. H. Ransome TPS & yg. (V. 181; 0.72). sts » Boa: (FJ e. d (V. 144; C.71). Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.}. Ff. Hgr. (V. 186; C. 67). Madagascar: Rey. R. Baron[C.]. (Type.)
g- 3 (V.170; C.78). Madagascar.
3. Polyodontophis mayottensis. F Ablabes Cialocenetieet) rhodogaster, var. mayottensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1873, p. 793.
Closely allied to the preceding, but 19 rows of scales, 199 ven- trals, and 99 subcandals. Coloration similar to P. rhodogaster, but fine yellowish cross-lines on the nape, which bears no dark collar.
Mayotta, Comoro Islands. t
4. Polyodontophis sumichrasti. - ‘ Henicognathus sumichrasti, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 628, pl xi, fig. 5 (1886). ao Rhadinza sumichrasti, Cope, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 79. cen ragagigs sumichrasti, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 302 (1890).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the pre- frontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal square; one preocular ; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal;
-
| ’
184 COLUBRID A.
temporals 242; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about the same size as the posterior. Seales in 17 rows. Ventrals 181; anal divided; subcavdals 112. Yel- lowish-olive above, with three brown longitudinal streaks on the anterior part of the body ; further back, these streaks break up into series of small spots and disappear towards the middle of the body ; a dark brown band between the eyes and another across the occiput, behind the parietals ; a whitish dark-edged streak along the upper lip ; yellowish white inferiorly, throat and anterior ventrals with brown dots; a brown dot at the outer end of each ventral or sub- caudal shield.
Total length 528 millim. ; tail 171.
Tehuantepec.
5. Polyodontophis collaris. (Pxare XII. fig. 1.)
Pape collaris, Gray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xii. 1858, Ablabes collaris, Giinth. Cat. p. 28 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 228 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 450 ; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 171, and An. Zool. Res. Scns Rept. p. 810 (1879). . —— sinensis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 220. Polyodontophis collaris, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. (1890).
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from aboye; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the preefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as or a little longer than deep; one preocular; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal; temporals 1 (or 2) + 2; nine or ten upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 159-190; anal divided ; subcaudals 102-131. Brown above, vertebral region greyish, usually with a series of small round black spots, or with a dark stripe; head with small black spots or vermiculations above, and two black cross bands, one across the posterior part of the frontal and supra- oculars, the other across the occiput ; a large black nuchal spot or cross band, bordered with yellow posteriorly ; a black line from the nostril to the nuchal spot, passing through the eye, bordering the white black-dotted upper lip. Lower parts yellowish, each ventral with an outer black spot or streak, which may be confluent on the posterior part of the body ; anterior ventrals with a pair of median dots in addition.
Total length 760 millim. ; tail 235.
Himalayas (to 10,000 feet) as far west as Simla; Assam, Aracan, Upper Burma, 8. China.
a-b. 3 (V.173; 0.?)& Khasi Hills, SirJ.Hooker[P.]. (Types.) hgr. (V. 172; G. 102),
em
6. POLYODONTOPHIS. 185
e-g. 5 (V. 166; C. 118), Q Khasi Hills. T. ©. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]..
(V. 177, 174; ©. 125, 105), & her. (V.174, 165; 0. ?,
131).
hk. & (V. 179; C. 102). Darjeeling. |W. 'T. Blanford, . [P.
i. 9 (V. 180; C. 110) Nes) ee fad bet
k. o (V. 159 ; C. ?). Himalayas. Col. Beddome [C.
1. g (V. 168; C. 121). Burma. Col. Beddome | C. }.
m. ¢ (V. 175; U. 111). Burma. W. Theobald, Esq. {o.}
n. 2 (V. 187; C. ?). Ichang,Upper A. HE. Prait, Esq. (C.]. pe Bie (Type of A. sinensis.)
ang. o. 2, skel, Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.).
6. Polyodontophis geminatus. Coluber geminatus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 211. soedon melanocephalus, Gray, J Ind, Zook: ii, pl. Lxxxiii, fig. @ —— catenatus, Gray, 1. c. pl. xxv. fig. 2. i Herpetodryas geminatus, Schleg. Phys. ms ii. p 194 (1837). Bnicqgnathus ‘geminatus, Dum, & Bibr. vii" p, 988 (1854); J. us geminatus, m. . WH. p. ] ; Jan, rey (1808 dint. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 277, wat Ta Gén, 16, pl. iv.
Ablabes melanocephalus, Giinth. Cat. p. 28 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 229 (1864), and Proc. Zool. Soc, 1872, p. 590.
—— geminatus, Giinth. Cat. p 29.
Enicognathus javanicus, Bieek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nedert. Ind, xvi. 1859, p- ; Edeling, bm eit, xxxi. 1870, 3; 386.
—— ornatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1863, p. 276, and Icon. Gén. 16, pl. iii. fig. 5, and N. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. Rs
Ablabes aiocanatina’ flaviceps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N.H. (3) xviii. 1866, p. 26, pl. vi. fig. B. Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soe. Beng. xlii. 1873, p. 123.
en) ornatus, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. ix, 1886, p. 8. ;
Polyodontophis melanocephalus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 301 (1890) ; Boetty. Ber. Offenb, Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 127. r
Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one prewocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 242; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as large as the posterior. Scales in }7 rows. Ventrals 144-169; anal divided; subcaudals 89-145. Brown or blackish above, with two lighter longitudinal streaks ; upper lip with a white, black-edged streak ; lower parts yellowish, with a black dot or spot at the outer end of each ventral or subcaudal shield.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 155.
Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java.
we
a) UP
—
186 COLUBRID.
A. Head dark brown, separated from the body by a yellow collar; dorsal stripes yellowish. (OC. geminatus, Boie.)
a. 9 (V. 162; C. P). Java. Leyden Museum.
B. Head dark brown; dorsal stripes yellowish, each with a series of
black spots. (L. melanocephalus, Gray, H. prionotus, Cant., E. ornatus, Jan.)
b. do (V. 152; C. ?). Singapore ? Gen. pepe (Type of LZ. pea us.) e,d. 8 (V.149; C.108) Singapore ? Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. & hgr. (V. 144; C, P). | ,
e. Hgr. (V. 144; C.98). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}.
C. Head yellowish or reddish brown, with yellow black-edged dots ; body as in the preceding. (JL. catenatus, Gray, E. javanicus, Bleek.)
J. Hgr. (V.145; C.89). Java. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of E. javanicus.) g-h. 2(V. 166; C.128) Tengger Mountains, r. Fruhstorfer [C.}. & yg.(V.156;C.145). = Java. t. ¢ (V. 155; C. ?). Sumatra. Zool, Society.
D. Head yellowish-brown ; dorsal stripes bluish grey, each with a series of small black spots. (A. flaviceps, Gthr.)
k. 2 (V.147; C.93). Malay Archipelago. (Type of A. flaviceps.) mate IRE: Sisto LL, Dikesn tan C.?, ?). (P.].
7. Polydontophis subpunctatus.
Seba, Thes. i. pl. xi. (1734).
Calamaria sagittaria (non Cant.), Jerdon, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1853, p. 528.
Oligodon subpunctatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 58 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 89; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 208 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 48, pl. i. fig. 4 (1876).
Enicognathus melanocephalus, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 330.
Oligodon spinepunctatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. bed ; Giinth. l. e.; F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, p. 262.
Enicognathus humberti, Jan, t. c. 1863, p. 275, and Icon, Gén. 16,
1. iv. fig. 1 (1866).
Ablabes humberti, Giinth. 1. c. p. 228; Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlviii, 1879, p. 115.
Rhadinwa melanocephala, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 182.
i a subpunctatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 303
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep ; suture between the inter- nasals a little shorter than that between _the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the
6, POLYODONTOPHIS, 187
parietals or a little shorter; loreal longer than deep; one pre- ocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; tem- porals 1 (or 2)+2; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth, entering the eye; eighth upper labial usually excluded from the labial margin, simulating a lower anterior temporal; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, the first usually separated from its fellow by the symphy- sial; posterior chin-shields a little longer than the anterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 151-240; anal divided; subcaudals 47-76. Pale brown above, with a vertebral series of small round black spots ; usually a more or less distinct dark lateral line or series of dots ; head and nape dark brown or black ; lips, canthus rostralis, a transverse line between the eyes, and two broad cross bands, one in front and one behind the nape, yellow ; the dark co'our often extending along the median line, bisecting the yellow collar ; lower surfaces yellow, each shield with a black dot near its outer border. From snout to vent 440 millim.; tail 95.
Peninsular India and Ceylon. se AM 202, 187; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.]. e. 9 (V. 174; ©. 47). Madras. J. E. Boileau, Esq. P.). d. .(V. 214; C.51). MadrasPresidency, Col. Beddome [C.}. ef. g (V. 201; C. 63) & Golcondah Hills. Col. Beddome [C.}. ag (V. 206, 161; 0. 64, g-k. 3 (V. 160; C. 76), Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. hgr. (V. 195; ©. 66), & a ( . 161, 162; C. 65, l. (V.174; ©. 54). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq.[P.]. m. 2 (V. 168; ©. 57). Ceylon. W. HL ideo
Esq. [C.}
8. Polyodontophis sagittarius.
Calamaria sagittaria, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 49, and Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 64 (1847).
Enicognathus grayi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 274, and Icon. Gén. ié pl. iii. fig. 3 (1866).
—— braconnieri, Jan, ll. cc. p. 275, pl. iii. fig. 4.
Ablabes sagittarius, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 227 (1864).
Polyodontophis sagittarius, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 303 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep; suture between the inter- nasals shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small and longer than deep, or absent; one pre- ocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem- porals 1+1 or 1+2+41; seven or eight upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about as large as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 205-228; anal divided ;
= La Liv meee rm A Lay; on "= er, , 1h Oe, u ’
188 COLUBRID.
subcaudals 56-70. Yellowish or pale brown above; sides brown or grey, separated from the pale dorsal region by a "plack line; a
vertebral series of minute black dots; head and nape dark brown or black, forehead marbled with yellow, and with a large elongate oval patch of yellow on each side of the back of the head; the
black nuchal spot more or less distinctly bordered with yellow
behind. Lower surfaces yellow, with a black dot at the outer extremity of each ventral.
Total length 280 millim. ; tail 60.
West Himalayas, Bengal, Assam, Pinang.
a. 9 (V. 228; C. 64). Chamba, W. Hima- Messrs. v. Schlagin-
laya. tweit ro. }- b. b (V. 213; C. 70). Pinang. Dr. Canto. of. ie &y me e¥: 205, —? Gen. Hardwicke Mail 6.68 ; [P.}. 5 g-h. aus 222, 201; C. —-?
, 6
9. Polyodontophis bistrigatus. (Pxrarr XII. fig. 2.)
Ablabes bistrigatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 417; Theob. Journ. Linn. Soc. x. 1868, p. 42, and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. Pig76) (1876); Anders. An. Zool, Res. Yunnan, Rept. p. 811 (1879
Polyodcatoph is bistrigatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., » Rept. p. 304 (1890) ;
W. L. Sclater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. x. 1891,
Rostral not twice as broad as long, the portion visible from above measuring two fifths its distance from the frontal; suture between
the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal »
longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one pree- ocular, two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem- porals 1 (or 2)+2; 10 upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; eighth upper labial usually excluded from the labial margin, assuming the position of a lower anterior temporal ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 184-186; anal divided; subcaudals 73-75. Back ruddy brown, with a vertebral series of black dots; head and nape black, emitting a black band running on each side of the body and tail ; a yellow band on each side of the head, sending off a hook on each supra- ocular shield, and a pair of yellow spots on the nape. Lower surfaces uniform yellow.
Total length 300 millim.; tail 80.
Burma, Nicobars.
a. 3 (V. 184; C. 75). Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [0.]. ‘ype. b. 2 (V. 186; C. 73). Burma, ~ Col. dome [C.].
ses.
7. DROMICODRYAS. 189
10. Polyodontophis annulatus.
thus annulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. 1, Ixxx. fig. 1 ay ; Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat. P, of a 78, a Gén. 16, pl. iv. fig. 3 (1866); Giinth, Ann, N. H. (4) i. dum, 2 F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. ply 4 1878, p. 659; Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1880, p. 181. thus annulatus, C e, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) viii. 1876, 3 Bocourt, Miss. Sc. PO 1888 i ab ne 6 (1886). pibie is annulatus, Garm. N. we
Polyodontophis annulatus, Bouleng. Faun. ye fs 2 "302 (1890). Snout much flattened, truncated ; rostral broader than deep, well visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; temporals 14+2 (or 2+3); nine (excepiionally eight) upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 137-157; anal divided ; subcaudals 116-136. Anterior half of body red, with pairs of black bars enclosing a yellow or layender-grey zone; hinder half of body and tail grey or grey- brown, with three longitudinal series of small black spots, which may form stripes posteriorly; snout brown, back of the head black; a yellow bar across the interorbital region; belly white, grey, dotted
with black, on the sides.
Total length 610 millim.
Mexico and Guatemalla. a. 3 (V. 137; C.?). City of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [C} b. 3 (V. 157; C.?). Vera Paz, low forest. 0. Salvin, . (0).
7. DROMICODRYAS. Psammo dpi gre Phys. se ii. p. 201 (1837). Her as, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 203 (1854) ; Jan, Elenco sist, p- 80 (1863).
Maxillary teeth 28 to 30, equal; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 rows ; ventrals feebly angulate laterally. Tail long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Madagascar.
1. Dromicodryas bernieri.
— his moliniger, var., Schleg. Phys. ets ii. p. 211 (1837). 08 bernerit, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 211, ag (1854); Satin Gta. 8, i fg 1 (1860) a var. lineata part., Boettg. ASh, Senck, Ges. xii.
Head narrow and elongate; rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as deep or a little longer, as ‘ong as the prefrontals or a little shorter; frontal narrow, bell-shaped, about twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; Joreal much longer than deep; one pree- and two (rarely three) posioculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 24+2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 188-203; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 81-111. Dark brown above, with two yellowish stripes two or three scales wide; head with or without light marblings; upper lip yellow; lower parts yellowish or pale olive, the lateral ventral keel -vitn a more or less distinct dark line ; chin and throat with or without olive marblings. ;
Total length 1110 millim.; tail 285.
Madagascar. a, 3(V. 200; C. 93). Madagascar. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.]. B, @ 9 (V. 195, 196; Madagascar. 96, ?). d,e. 9 wv. 198, 198; Near Tamataye. Rey. W. D. Cowan C. 97, 100). [C.}. 3 f. 2 (V. 203; €.106). —_Betsileo, “ie W. D. Cowan g-h. & (V. 201, 195; —“ Imerina, Rev. 4. Baron [C.}. 0. 111, 106
). k. g (V.192; C.93)& East Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.}. 9(V. 188; C. 81).
2. Dromicodryas quadrilineatus.
Herpetodryas quadrilineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. ps 212 (1854).
—— bernieri, var. quadrilineatus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 31, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1869) ; Boettg. Abh, Senck. Ges. xi, 1877, p. 9, xi. 1879, p. 463, and xii. 1881, p. 443.
—— bernieri, var. trilineata, part., Boettg. ll. cc.
This form is very closely allied to the p.eceding, of which it has, in fact, been regarded as a variety. However it differs, in addition to the very striking coloration, in having a less narrow head. Ventrals 198 to 216; subcaudals 108 to 122. Pale olive above, wth a pair of black dorsal stripes (which may be confluent in the var. trilineata) and a narrower lateral one, which gradually disappears on the posterior part of the body and is altogether absent on the tail; head and nape dark brown or blackish above, with six yellowish spots (disposed ree? ), the anterior pair on the parietal and secord temporal shields, the second behind the parietals, and the third just in front of and sometimes confluent with the lateral dorsal stripes; lower parts yellowish, with an interrupied dark line along each jateral ventral keel: _
Total length 102({millim.; tail 300. ~
Madagascar.
8. XENOCHROPHIS, 191
a,b. gf (V. 210; i 118 Madagascar. & § (v.210; 13) e. d (V. 198; C. Py Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.}.
8. XENOCHROPHIS.
dono Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 59 (1858). Xespehrophis," Gi h. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 278 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. nd., Rept. p. 353 (1890).
teeth about 20, subequal; anterior mandibular teeth —
largest. Head slightly distirct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced in a single nasal. Body cylindrical ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypa- pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
South-eastern Asia.
1, Xenochrophis cerasogaster. Psammophis cerasogaster, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52.
—— cerasogaster, , Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 92 (1847); th. Cat. p. 79 i858). rer cerasogaster, Giinth. . Brit. Ind. p. 274 (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. wt. Brit Ind. p. 180 (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., . p. 353, 8, fe. (1890).
ane — schistaceum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
ia narrow, elongate, with angular canthus rostralis and slightly concave lores; eye moderate or rather small. Rostral once and oae third to twice as broad as long; suture between the internasals nearly as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal narrow,
much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as
the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one preocular; two or three postoculars and one or two suboculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; nine upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 140-151; anal divided ; subcaudals 60-79. Brown above, with or without darker spos and with a more or less distinct paler dorso-lateral stripe ; lower parts cherry-red to purplish black, with a yellow stripe on each side extending from the lips to the ond of the tail.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 140.
From Bengal, Assam, and the Khasi Hills to the Malay Peninsula.
sf 149, 151 Lass 150, India. Ta, 6, 66, 6 ,P) & ye.
om 160; 0.76). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.}. ‘| do (V. 141; C. 70). Pinang. Dr, Cantor.
192 COLUBRID.
9. PRYMNOMIODON.
mnomiodon, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 558; Giinth, Rept. rit, Ind. p. 274 (1864). sete
Maxillary teeth minute posteriorly, becoming much longer ante- *
riorly. Head moderately distinct from neck. Eye rather large, with round pupil. Body slender; scales keeled, in 19 rows; ven- trals rounded. Subcaudals in two rows.
Siam.
1. Prymnomiodon chalceus. Prymnomiodon chalceus,- Cope, 1. c.; Giinth. l.c.
Snout rather narrow. Rostral nearly as deep as broad ; nostril between two nasals, which are equal in size; frontal rather large ; loreal trapezoid; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; three postoculars ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; posterior chin-sields longer than the anterior. Scales in 19 rows, elongate, all kee'ed. Ventrals 152; anal entire; subcaudals —? (tail mutilated). Olivaceous above, shading into leek-green upon the flanks, and greenish white upon the belly ; a vertebral stripe of light green bordered with black extends from the parietal shields to the origin of the tail, involving one row of scales and two halves; enother rarrower and paler stripe extends from the third and fourth rows of scales upon each side from the neck to the origin of the tail; this stripe is bounded above by an interrupted narrow black border ; temporal region bright green, shields of head tinged wich fulvous ; upper labials and preocular white ; a narrow black post- ocular vitta.
Length of body 300 millim.
Siam.
Judging from the description, this Snake appears to resemble closely the American 7’ropidonotus saurita, from which, however, the dentition distinguishes it.
Under the name of
TROPIDONOTUS NICOBARIENSIS, W. L. Sclater, Journ. As, Soc. Beng, 1x. 1891, p. 241, pl. vi. fig. 5,
a young Snake from Camorta, N?cobars, is described and referred with doubt to the genus 7’ropidono'us, which agrees well in most respects with Prymnomiodon chalceus but for the division of the anal shield and the isodont(?) dentition. It has 1%2 ventrals and 119 subcaudals.
10, TROPIDONOTUS.
Natrix, part., Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 73 eb . ‘
Tropidonotus, Kuhl, in Férussac, Bull. Sc. Nat. ii. 1824, p. 81; Boie, sis, 1827, p. 618. -
Tropidonotus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 297 (1837); Dum. §
~~ —<—s <).
ee ee ae
10. TRoPmoNoTUs. 193
Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 549 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 59 1858), and t. Bri Ind. 258 (1864) ; Jan, Arch, Zool. yo 1256) iii. 1 203; Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 341
Nein Bonds: Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) ii. 1889, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. xi. 1838, p. 392, and xiv. 1 - O6r.
Eutainia, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p 2 iy ost Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 645.
Nerodia, Baird § Gir. 1. c. BS 38.
Baird § Gir. 1. c.
Leptophis, part., Dum. § Bir t. c, p. 528,
Amphieas, part. Dum. § Bibr, t. e. p. 724; Jan, l. ¢, p. 232.
Thamnophis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 800, p. 369.
ag eee Gtinth. Proce. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 156, and Rept. Brit. nd, 5
Natrix, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 124.
acres og? part., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 82 (1863).
Neusterophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1863, p. 16.
Styporhynchus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 399.
meee (non D. § B.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865,
Tropidonophis, J Ya e. p. 245.
Fowlea, Cat. Rept. As. Soc, Mus. p. 57 (1868).
mew fort Bee: , in Wheeler's Rep. Explor. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. (
Katophis, Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc, N.S. W. ii. 1877, p. 36. Atomarchus, Cope, Am. Nat. 1883, p. 1300.
Bothrodytes, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxiii. 1886, p. 495. Coluber, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 5b. Stypocemus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxiii. 1886, p. 495.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 40, posterior longest; mandibular teeth subequal. Head usually distinct from neck; eye rather small, moderate, or large, with round pupil. Body more or less elongate, cylindrical ; scales mostly keeled, in some species smooth, usually with apical pits, in 15 to 33 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail mode- rate or long; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Europe; Asia; Africa; North Australia; North and Central America.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gradually enlarged ; eyes and nostrils lateral ; internasal shields broadly truncate anteriorly. (TRorrponorvs.)
A. Anal shields single ; a single anterior temporal *, 1. Second row of scales keeled.
* Butenia nigrolateris, Brown, with three anterior temporals, is probably based on an anomalous individual.
VoL. I. 0
194 COLUBRID.
a, Eye rather small ; frequently two preoculars. [p. 201.
Scales in 17 or 19 rows ; woulivee 139-152. 1. leptocephalus, Scales in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals 152-172. 2. vagrans, p. 202.
b. Eye moderate or large; a single preocular, [p. 203.
a. Scales in 17 rows, all keeled . 3. chrysocephalus,
8. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, the keel on the outer scale, if present, weaker than on the others; subcaudals not more than 100.
Frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad; second row of scales feebly
keooled vihsside os 00a Bib ahs ctwle ie sk sane ¢ 4. scaliger, p. 203. Frontal at least twice as long as broad .. 5. scalaris, p, 204. Frontal once and a half to once and three
fourths as long as broad ............ 6. ordinatus, p. 205. |
y- Scales in 19 rows, all with equally strong keels ; sub- caudals 86-127 .......... 7. saurita, p. 212.
c. Eye moderate; two or three preoculars. [p. 214. 8. multimaculatus,
[p. 214.
2. Second row of scales smooth .... 9. rufopunctatus,
B. Anal entire ; two superposed anterior temporals. 10. pealii, p. 214, C. Anal divided.
1. Scales in 15 or 17 rows; usually’a single anterior tem- poral,
a. 8 upper labials, euay three entering the eye; scales keeled.
Scales strongly keeled; subcaudals more
Chant Hatta nies aio this sia PTR 11. picturatus, p. 215. Scales feebly keeled, smooth on nape; 2
PostoclARe rice se Fs Kab art en & anes 12. truncatus, p. 216. Seales feebly keeled, smooth on nape; 3 A
postoculars..... stabs tisoleacels ancete wee 13. celebicus, p. 216, ,
6. 8 upper labials, two entering the sit ; Scales smooth, |
penieg.in 17 rows: .::.s0 sa ene Yas aves 4. fuliginoides, p. 217. Scales in 15 rows... 2). savas ae 15; variegatus, p. 217.
c. 6 upper labials, two entering the eye. Scales strongly keeled; head narrow and
elongate...» »s.0.0 5:2 sits serersiethe pene 16. swinhonis, p. 218, se Seales very feebly keeled; a groove along > the middle of the nape ............+: a7. nuchalis, p, 218.
10. rroprponotus. 2. Scales in 19 rows, a, Usually a single anterior temporal. a. Usually 7 upper labials, third and fourth entering
the eye. Ventrals 157-190 a 18. natriz, p- 219. Ventrals 127-151 ee | 19. vibakari, p- 221.
8. 8 or 9 upper labials, three entering the eye. [p. 222,
Ventrals 138-147; subcaudals 40-53 .... 20. conspicillatus, _ Ventrals 163-175; subcandals 73-95.... 21. —— p. 223. Ventrals 150-154; subcaudals 80-100 .. 22. hasiensis, p. 223.
b. Two anterior temporals ; 9 upper labials, fourth to sixth entering the eye.
1 Frontal once and a half to once and three [p. 224. , fourths as long as broad.............. 23. trianguligerus,
+ Frontal once and one third as long as broad.. 24. petersii, p. 225. . ' 4 \ J
IL. Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gradually enlarged ; eyes rather small and, like the nostrils, directed upwards and + outwards ; internasals usually much narrowed in front,
: : (Nerop1a.) zr —_— % ; A. Anal single ; a single anterior temporal; scales in 19 * + rows. [p. 295. ‘ Sas ’ Seales strongly keeled ............++.. 25. melanogaster, as ES eee eee 26, levissimus, p. 226,
B. Anal divided. 1. Scales smooth or feebly keeled, in 17 or 19 rows.
Scales smooth, in 19 rows; a single ante- de SNEED du 510: tisip sie ob. kasdgeie Ap 27. olivaceus, p. 227. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows; a a single anterior temporal.....-...... - Pygeus, p. 228. Scales smooth or faintly keeled, in 17 rows ; oe two anterior temporals.............. 29. punctulatus, p. 228. Seales feebly keeled, in 19 rows; three labials : entering the eye.......0seseeeeeeess 30. modestus, p. 228, , Scales feebly keeled, in 19 rows ; ; one or [p. 230. two labials entering the eye..... -++.. SL. sanetijohannis,
2. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled; usually two anterior temporals ; 4th, 5th, or 4th and 5th labials entering the % eye; ventrals not more than 161.
“ Scales of 2 or 3 outer rows smooth ...... 32. gine p. 230.
ioe «te 2 Sere Oe ee ee ee ee 5 ;
pw 196 COLUBRID.
Only the outer row of scales smooth ; ven-
trals 130-146; subcaudals 64-92 .... 33. asperrimus, p. 232. Only the outer row of scales smooth; usu-
ally a single labial entering the eye;
ventrals 145-161; subcaudals 54-69 .. 34. annularis, p. 233.
3. Scales in 19 to 23 rows, strongly keeled; a single anterior temporal; one or two labials entering the eye.
a. Head distinct from neck.
a. Ventrals 160-197; scales in 19 rows; 4th, or 4th and 5th labials entering the eye. 35. tessellatus, p. 233.
B. Ventrals 147-160; scales in 21 or 23 rows; 3rd and 4th labials entering the eye. 36. viperinus, p. 235.
y- Ventrals 126-147 ; scales in 19 or 21 rows; 4th and 5th labials entering the eye.
Frontal twice as long as broad; scales
usually in 19 rows, outer row faintly
RORIOE Sc ciety aia cleats os Ob Sins -... 37, validus, p. 237. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as :
long as broad ; scales in 21 rows, outer
row distinctly keeled................ 38. clarkii, p. 238. Frontal broad; tail compressed at the [p. 238. ES EER EE Cee Se ne pre RE opal 39. compressicauda,
b. Head small, not or but scarcely distinct from neck; scales in 19 or 21 rows; third and fourth labials entering the eye.
Frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad; ventrals 140-151; subcaudals [p. 239. C4-B0 Sy eitew teh bi vias net sen) 2 pee ee 40, septemvittatus, ) Frontal twice as long as broad; ventrals 132-142; subcaudals 51-71..:........ 41. rigidus, p. 240. Frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad; ventrals 156-173; sub-
caudals 47-65 ...... cc cececeeces .. 42. grahami, p. 240. : 4. Scales in 21 to 27 rows; not more than one labial entering . the eye.
,
Eye separated from the labials by subocu- lars ; frontal once and one third to once
and a half as long as broad .. ........ 43, ferox, p. 241. Eye separated from the labials by subocu-
lars ; frontal elongate ...........46: 44, anoscopus, p. 242. Fourth labial entering the eye.........- -45, fasciatus, p, 242.
is 10, TRoPIDONoTUS. 197 ; 4
g 5. Scales in 29 to 33 rows. ’ - Eye separated from the labials by subocu- q —— eer 46. cyclopium, p. 244. x
Fe: Fourth labial entering the eye .......... 47. taxispilotus, p. 245. & III, Maxillary teeth not more than 30, last two or three abruptly _ y enlarged. (AMPHTESMA.)
A. Head moderately elongate.
1. Scales in 17 rows, smooth.
Rostral nearly as broad as deep ; eye rather : 3
TS ea oh ats oa 48, sexlineatus,p.246. 2
' Rostral much broader than deep ; eye rather [p. 246. J ce a SS cP aera was 4 433 aac ot Pee 49. dolichocercus, 2
5 2. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or-feebly keeled.
2 labials entering the eye ; frontal once and a half as long as broad .............- 50. stumpffii, p. 247. 2 labials entering the eye; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad.... 51. lateralis, p. 248. tg 3 labials entering the eye .............. 52. platyceps, p. 248.
3. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled.
a, Two labials entering the eye. a ae a. 7 upper labials, 3rd and 4th entering the eye; usually ae i ' a single anterior temporal.. 53. tigrinus, p. 249, | . 7 7. . 8 upper labials, 4th and 5th entering the eye; usually 4 ' two anterior temporals. af ine a Subcaudals 121-128 ........... vvewians 54. pryeri, p, cee . ; p. 251. e Subcaudals 79-90 ............. ag s Cewe 55. hi Subcaudals 48-54 .............. --++++ 56, ceylonensis, p. 252, b. Three labials entering the eye.
a. A single anterior temporal. : * Outer row of scales smooth.
t Internasals broadly truncated anteriorly. 57. beddomii, p. 252. tt Internasals much narrowed anteriorly.
to 5th labials entering the eye ...... 58. stolatus, p, 253, to 6th labials entering the eye ...... 59. vittatus, p. 255.
** Outer row of scales keeled; 4th and 6th labials entering the eye........ 60. nigrocinctus, p. 255.
f. Two anterior temporals.
* Eye moderate or large. + Frontal shorter than parietals.
+ Internasals shorter than prefrontals; outer row of scales smooth or feebly keeled.
3rd to 5th labials entering the eye ...... 61. subminiatus, p. 256, 4th to 6th labials entering the eye ...... 62. spilogaster, p. 257.
tt Internasals ‘as long’ as preefroutals; outer row of scales keeled .... 63. chrysargus, p. 258.
tt Frontal as long as parietals. 64. monticola, p. 259.
_ ** Eye very large; subcaudals 95- 113. 65. maculatus, p. 260.
4, Scales in 21 rows .........+.4.- 66. chrysargoides, [p. 260.
B. Head short, very distinct from neck.
1. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled; 3rd to 5th labials entering the eye.
Internasals not longer that prefrontals .. 67. saravacensis, p, 261. Internasals longer than preefrontals ...... 68. auriculatus, p. 261. 2. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. [p. 262, Bubcaudale 96-101 wu. 5 ss Seats ease es 69. crebripunctatus, Subcaudals 66............ Cousens ... 70. lineatus, p. 262. P) 3. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Scales in 19 rows; two labials entering the Cy .. 0... eee reece en onneee 71. flavifrons, p. 263, Scales in 21 rows; three labials entering | . TIE SYO 5... . 2: sas eRe Suh ES 72. callistus, p. 263.
IV. Maxillary teeth 35-40, posterior but slightly enlarged ; eye very large ; body very slender, (MacroroPuis.)
5th and 6th labials entering the eye; ven-
trals 196 ..:4 /diswse bs's'=560,8 Shane Oe . 78, hypomelas, p. 264, 4th to 6th labials entering me eye; ven- trale 167 {spi ie 5s 0555545555 «74. dendrophiops, [p. 264
I. European, North African, and West Asian species.
10, TROPIDONOTUS.
*
199
Owing to the difficulty, in some cases, of ascertaining the type of dentition, the preceding synopsis may not fulfil its purpose. It is therefore supplemented by the following tabulation of the numbers of shields and scutes, which may not unfrequently more pail assist in the identification of a specimen.
Ant. Se. ¥. A. C. | Pr. oc.| Pt. oc. | Lab. temp. EID. “ah cedcses capsncade 19 | 157-190 | 2 | 50-88/| 12 24 7 1 tessellatus .........s00000 19 | 160-197 | 2 | 48-86/ 1-3 3-5 8 1 VEPETINUS ........0000000 21-23 147-160 | 2 | 47-72) 12 2 7 1 II. Asian and Australasian species, Sea} v. | A | © | Pr. 0c| Pt. 0c.| Leb, seer 1 | 75-77} 1-2 2-3 9 2 | 52-82| 1-2 2-3. 8 | 1-2 2 43 2 2 8 1 2 48 2 3 8 1 | 0 | .1.| © |) 6 2 | 46-50 1 2-3 6 eB 2 | 59-79 | 1-2 2-3 |7-8/| 1 2 | 40-53 1 3 8 1 2.| 73-95; 1-3 3 7-8 | 1-2 2 | 80-100) 1-2 3 9 1 2 | 67-94) 1-2 34 9 2 9 |65-78| 1 | 34/19) 3 2 | 62-83 1 23 | 9-10 2 2 | 96-122) 1-2 2-3 9 | 1-2 2 | 85-98 1 3 9 2 2 | 70-90 1 3-4 9 2 | 64-95 1 3 9 2 | 54-69 1 2-3 | 8-9 2 | 75-107) 1-2 2-3 8 2 | 55-84 2 384 | 7 2 114-128 1 38. | 8 2 | 79-90| 1-2 | 23 | 8&9 2 | 48-54 2 3 8 2 2 | 65-75 1 23 | 89); 1 2 1 3 8 | 1 2 | 53-84 1 3 o bk 2 | 81-89; 1-2 3 9 | 1-2 2 1 3 8 2 2 | 75-92) 1-2 3A 9 2 2 | 60-93 1-2 3 8-9/| 2 2 | 80-92 1 3 8 2 2 | 95-113) 1 3 9 2 2 | 64-79 ] 8 9 2 2 | 52-89 1 3 8 2 ba
COLUBRID,
II, (continued),
se. | v. | A. | ©. |Pr.00.|:Pt. 06.| Lab. |,emn, auriculatus ......se.0++ 17 | 152-157 | 2 | 76-91] 1-2 3 8 2 crebripunctatus ......+4 19 | 148-166 | 2 | 96-101]; 2 3 8-10} 2 PERRIS 00: ceccvasesnenens 19 142 2 66 2 3 8 1 FVYTONS ....000csceense 19 | 146-155 | 2 | 95-99 1 2-3 | 8-9] 2 CALIStUS ......00ccecrerees 21 156 2 76 1 4 9 2 Ahypomelas .....0.eeversee 17 196 2 | 99-105) 2 3 9 2 Jedtophiope se 17 | 157° | 2 | 100 | 12] 83 | 9] 2
IIT. African and Malagasy species.
Ant.
Se. ¥, A. OC. | Pr. oc.| Pt. oc. | Lab. temp. Suliginoides easseureenee 17 | 119-1385 | 1-2 | 75-95 | 1-2 3 8 1 VATUCGALUS ......ceeeeeeee 15 143 2 76 2 3 8 i LE@VISSTMUS ....2.400000000 19 175 1 76 1 2 8 4 OLDACOUS 6 50606ss0icess 19 | 181-149 | 2 | 55-85] 1-2 2-3 8 1 SPOR i castes davhavistox 21-27} 187-155 | 2 | 60-73 | 1-2 2 9 Px SCLUEMEATUS....v0s00 00000 17 | 148-157 | 2 | 72-152) 1-2 2 8 i dolichocercus ......++.+.+ 17 | 148-156 | 2 | 97-160) 1 2-3 8 1 SUMPGIE ....c00rereenee 19 | 147-169 | 2 | 68-104) 1-2 2 8 2 LdZ6P ONES... ic vessenspeess 19 | 149-165 | 2 | 78-93 1 2. 8 |1-2
IV. American species.
Ant.
: Se. ¥. A. O Pr. oc.| Pt. oc. | Lab. temp. leptocephalus.........2+ 17-19| 189-152 | 1 | 54-70} 1-2 3 6-8} 1 WAITERS ooo sencertorssen ei 21-23! 152-179 | 1 | 53-90] 1-2 3-4 | 7-8) 1 = ph a Sis ceeee 17. | 145-151 | 1 | 71-81 Li 3 8 1 MOGHGOF .....:tetesaeeet 19 | 141-158 | 1 | 46-56 1 2-3 7 1 BOGIOVIS ....'..cesccenetes 19 | 130-145 | 1 | 52-75 1 2-3 (abe | WERALUS .....c0scescess 19-21! 187-176 | -1 | 44-100) 1 38-4 | 7-8) 1
CE 19 | 144-178 | 1 | 86-127) 1 3-4 | 7-8; 1 multimaculatus......... BUNS oh tese BN Mitsestes 2-3 3 8 1 rufopunctatus ........ 21 177 1 87 1 3 8 1P2 melanogaster .........44- 19 | 140-159; 1 | 45-79] 2-3 2-4 8. 1a See 17_| 120-133 | 2 | 35-54] 1 2 | 8] VOWNAEE co iosisccocnscekss 19-21} 186-147 | 2 | 66-83] 1-2 2-3 8 1 on RED: FE 21 129-172 | 2 | 57-70 1 2-3 8 1 essicaudd,......... 19-21 | 126-137 | 2 | 66-81 1 2-3 8 1 septemvittatus ......... 19 | 140-151 | 2 | 64-86] 2 Be br yo (Be ST a OES 19 | 132-142} 2 | 51-71) 2.] 2 | 7) 1 GTARAMI. oe eeeccecsseees 19-21] 156-173 | 2 | 45-65 2 | 28 | 7 | 1 QNOSCOPUS ss nesacssecses 23 | 148 -| 9 | 73 | seeeee | 9) 2 fasciatus ....ccccccovers 23-27 | 128-154 | 2 | 58-82] 1-2 2-3 8 1 CYClOpiUM ....scescersees 29-31 | 132-150 | 2 | 60-79] 1-2 |; 23 | 8 | 1. tawispilotus ....cccc00. 29-83 130-144 | 2 70-Sap 1 2 8 | 1-2
en eee
> teh - x0: pe law i ste! Vee
‘ eee
° 2b
*
Q
SS
10. rRoprponorvs. 201
I, Trorrponotvs.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gradually enlarged (see fig. 11, p. 170), ‘Eyes and nostrils lateral; internasal shields broadly truncate anteriorly.
—————...
1. Tropidonotus leptocephalus.
Eutainia leptocephala, Baird § Gir, Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 29 (1853) ; WS. Explor. ae Herp. p. 151, pl. xiii. fig: 7- 13 (1858) ; Cooper, . US. Explor. Surv. R. R. xii. o ee
Bae (1860) ; Cope, m Wheeler’s Rep. US. Surv. W. . 650 (1875), and Proc. if Philad. 1883, p. 28, site Pees v. . Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. vr . 73 (1858). Eutainia coo ri, Kennicott, Rep. US. Surv. R. R. xii, pt. ii. p. 296, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1860); Cope, Wheeler's Rep. p. 551. —— atrata, Kennicott, lc. p. 296; Cope, lic. Tropidonotus cooperi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1865, p. 212. —— sirtalis, var. leptocephala, Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. iv, fig. 2 (1867) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 139 (1883). — sirtalis, var, infernalis, part., Garm. J. c. p. 24.
Eye rather small, considerably smaller than in 7’. ordinatus ; head rather elongate, but slightly distinct from neck. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad or broader, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal usually longer than deep ; two (rarely one) pre- and three post- oculars ; temporals 142; seven (rarely six or eight) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 (rarely 19) rows, Mronaly keeled, outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 139-152; anal entire; subcaudals 54- 70. Olive or brown above, with small black spots, with or without three more or less distinct light longitudinal streaks, the median yellow or orange, the laterals greenish yellow ; upper lip yellowish ; usually a black streak behind the eye, and sometimes a black blotch
- on each side of the occiput; usually a pair of yellow dots close
together on the suture between the parietal shields; lower parts olive or plumbeous grey, with or without black dots,
Total length 600 millim.; tail 140.
North America west of the Rocky Mountains, from British Columbia to North California.
A. Scales in 17 rows; light dorsal stripes distinct,
a-h. 3 (V. 145, 149, 147,148; Sumass Prairies, Boun Commis- G. 86, 60, 62°64), 9(V. 139; Brit: Columbia. _ sion [U.). 0. 00), ge (V. 146; C. 54), & yg. (V. 146, 141; C. 56
60). i-m. ¢ (V. 149, so C. . Vancouver Id. H.M.S, ‘ Plumper,’ 68), eae (V. 160; ©. 56), & ya: ( ; ©. 58).
Oe
202 COLUBRID. n. Yg. (V. 145; O, 67). Vancouver Id. Col. Hawkins [O.}. o. 2 (V. 142; C. 56). Victoria. Dr. Brown (0 p. d (V. 149; C. 70). Oregon. Smithsonian Inst. [P.].: (Aa cooper.) B. Scales in 17 rows ; no stripes. gq. Hgr. (V. 141; C. 56). Sumass Prairies, Boundary Commis- Brit. Columbia. _ sion. C. Scales in 19 rows ; light dorsal stripes distinct. r. Yg. (V. 140; C. 54). N. Orea Id., Gulf Lords of the Ad- of Georgia. sore a, s-t. d (V. 144; C. 65) & California. Haslar Collection. 2 (V. 152; O. 60). D. Scales in 19 rows; no stripes.
u. 2 (V. 145; C. 61). California. Haslar Collection.
2. Tropidonotus vagrans.
Eutainia vagrans, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 35 (1853); and Rep, U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R. x. pt. iii., Zool. p. 19, pl. xvii, (1857) ; Girard, U.S. Explor, Exped., Herp. p. 154, pl. xiv. figs, 5- 10 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, pp. 305, 807, and in Wheeler's Rep. U.S, Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875) ; Coues, Wheeler’s Rep., t. c. p. 614, pl. xx. fig. 2; Cowes § Yarrow, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 274; H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 268.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
—— vagrans, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 215.
—— sirtalis, var. vagrans, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 139 (1883).
Eutenia biscutata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1883, p. 21.
a plutonia, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. vi. 1888,
. 152. Be elegans, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 651. —— elegans brunnea e¢ lineolata, Cope, 1. c.
= Sa obi en ee ay
Eye rather small, considerably smaller than in 7. ordinatus. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; - loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one or two pre- and three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 142; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are usually about as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows (rarély 23, specs. / and p), strongly keeled, outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 152-179 ; anal entire; subcaudals 53-90. Olive above, with four series of black spots and two or three more or less distinct yellowish longitudinal streaks ; a large black blotch on each side behind the occiput ; upper surface of head and nape sometimes black; a pair
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 203
of yellow dots close together on the suture between the parietal shields ; lower parts olive or grey, uniform or spotted or marbled with black.
Total length 770 millim. ; tail 170.
North America west of the Rocky Mountains,
«13 (V. 163; C. Banff, Rocky Mountains. = Prof. OC. Eigen-
9). -}. b. d (V. 168; C. 72). Near Wales Cafion, Pueblo T. D. A. erell, a ‘ Colorado, 6000- Esq. [P. eet.
e. d (V. 175; C. 86). Kansas. d. g (V. 172; C.87). Washington Territory.
irs ig 3 (V.167, ww Sumass Prairies, British Boundary Commis-
. ?, 70), hgr. (V V. Columbia. sion. S04: 18s, 159 ; ie 2 09, *), & ye. (V 7,162; C. 81). ate .(V.161; C. 77). Vancouver Island. Col. Hawkins [C.}. no ty. 165; 0. 73). Victoria. Dr. Brown [C.}. o,p. Hgr. g (V. 167; N. Orca Island, Gulf of Lords of the ‘Ad- 2 mae 9 (V. 166; Georgia. miralty [P.]. 5) -r. 3 (V. 166, 172; Tia Juana, San Diego Co., Prof.C. Eigenmann 4 . 87, ?). California. tH [C.]. =
3. Tropidonotus chrysocephalus.
npeeee chrysocephala, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1884, Pp. tho. ;
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep; internasals as long as broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal narrow ; loreal deeper than long ; one pre-and three postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 145-151; anal entire; sub- caudals 71-81. Head yellow or brown; a large black nuchal spot ; no dorsal stripe ; a* lateral series of light spots, or a whitish stripe along the second row of scales may be present; ventrals olive, with or without black bases, or entirely black. _
Total length 450 millim. ; tail 135.
South Mexico.
a-c. ¢ (V. 151, 142; Omilteme, Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith [C.}.
CG. 81, 79) & yg. 8000 ft. F. D. G
(V. 145; C. na me es d, 2 (V. 148; C.71). Amula, Guerrero, 8000 ft. Mr. H. re ca
ie}
ee
4, Tropidonotus scaliger.
Tropidonotus scaliger, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anut. Phys. iii. 1865, par — scalaris, Dugés, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1588, p. 129, pl. g. 17
Head short; eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just
“a
et.
ee a a Ee ew As} ey
204 COLUBRID.
visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal hardly once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid, as long as deep; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, very strongly keeled, outer row perfectly smooth, second row feebly keeled. Ventrals'141-158 ; anal entire; subcaudals 46-56. Brown above, scales of the vertebral series yellow; a rather ill-defined light lateral streak ; regular dark brown cross bars between the light stripes ; head with dark brown symmetrical markings; a yellowish streak from the parietals to the angle of the mouth; upper lip yellow, the shields edged with black ; greyish olive inferiorly, ventrals blackish at the base. Total length 370 millim. ; tail 65.
Mexico. a. 9 (V. 141; C. 46). ~ City of Mexico, Mr. Doorman [C.}. b. 3 (V. 158; C. 56). 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq.
[P.]. 5. Tropidonotus scalaris.
Thamnophis scalaris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 369. - Euteenia scalaris, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 306.
Head narrow, scarcely distinct from neck; eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal twice to twice and one fourth as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one pre- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row smooth or faintly keeled, Ventrals 130-145; anal entire; subcaudals 52-75. Brown above, with a yellow or orange vertebral line, and a light lateral streak on the second or second and third rows of scales; blackish-brown cross bars disposed regularly between the light stripes; greyish olive or plumbeous grey inferiorly.
Total length 550 millim, ; tail 125.
Mexico. a..d (V.130; 0.75). Oaxaca. Mr. Hoege [C.]. b-d, e. 3 (V. 141, 140; La Cumbre de los Arras- Dr. A. C. Buller C.63,71),hgr. 9 (V. _ trados, Talpa Mascota, [(.].
1483; C. 57), & yg. | Jalisco. (V. 139; C. 52).
S-h. 3 (V. 189, 140; C. Colonia Brizuela, Hda. El Dr, A. C. Buller C61) & 9 (V. 145; Rosario, Autlan, Jalisco. [O.].
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 205
6. Tropidonotus ordinatus. —
Se oy age knarenngte Me Pen Sone 820 (1837) ;
idonotus unctatus, Schleg. 8, ii.
toes § Bibr. Vil p. 582 (1854), .
—— ordinatus, alge Giinth, Cat. p. 73 (1858).
ern 8 ig Sa an, Arch. Zool. An, Phys. iii. 1865, p. 210; Garm. N. Rept.” p. 24 (1883).
Eutenia sirtalis, Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 546 (1875), maa Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 661.
Eye moderate or rather large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or broader, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once
and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the -
end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal about as long as deep; one pre- and three (rarely four) postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 1+3; seven or eight upper labials, two entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, strongly keeled; the keel on the outer scale, if present, weaker than on the others. Ventrals 137-176; anal entire; sub- caudals 44-100. Coloration very variable ; a pair of light dots on the suture between the parietal shields is nearly constant.
Total length 950 millim. ; tail 190.
North and Central America.
This species may be divided into numerous forms or varieties, of which the following are the principal :—
I. Lateral stripe, if distinct, running along the second and third rows of scales.
_ A. Seales in 19 rows (exceptionally 21). 1. Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ;
scales of outer row keeled. MO WORUOUTOR BETIDO. 5... cect co ealce cso A. Forma typica. A light vertebral stripe..............0.+0+5 B. sirtalis.
2. Seven or eight upper labials ; scales of outer row smooth or feebly keeled; a light vertebral ee oats one and two half scales .........+.+++ C. infernal
3. Eight (rarely seven) upper labials; vertebral de, if present, one scale wide.
A light vertebral stripe..............s00008 D. eques. No vertebral stripe ; rio cross bands ........ E. sumichrasti, No stripe, but cross bands ...........s5+- F, phenax.
B. Scales in 21 rows; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; dorsal stripe, if present, narrow.
A narrow yellow dorsal stripe; belly greyish OUWO ME MUNOK .. 0... oc ce se eeeeeeetn sss G. couchit,
&
“a
a 206 COLUBRID, No vertebral stripe... 5.55% ef selene H. hammondii. A narrow yellow dorsal stripe; belly yellowish nN WARP Ee rte TE ee .. IL. mareianus,
Il. Lateral stripe running along the third, or third and fourth rows of scales ; scales in 21 rows.
Usually seven upper labials ...... pile SPARSE K. radix,
Eight upper labials 2... ..0. ccs eens sence L. macrostemma.
III. Lateral stripe running along the second, third, and fourth rows of scales ; scales in 19 rows........ M. butleri.
A. Forma typica.
Coluber ordinatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 379 (1766) ; Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, ii. pl. liii. (1771) ; Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 113 (1835).
—— ibibe, Latr, Rept. iv. p. 70 (1802); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 181 (1803). ,
—— bipunctatus, Latr. t. c. p. 85.
Tropidonotus ordinatus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 5385; Holbr. N. Am. eo iv. p. 45, pl. xii. (1842).
——- bipunctatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 320 (1837) ; Dum. & Bibr, vii. p. 582 (1854).
Eutainia catiete Baird & Gir. Cat, N. Am. Rept. p. 32 (1853)
? Tropidonotus jauresi, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 606. ~
Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
Eutznia sirtalis, subsp. ordinata, Cope, Wheeler’s Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 546 (1875).
—— sirtalis graminea, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 399
Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, outer row keeled. Ventrals 137-152; subcaudals 54- 79. Olive or green above, uniform or with black spots disposed quincuncially ; stripes absent or very indistinct; greenish white inferiorly, with a more or less distinct black spot at the outer end
of the ventrals. United States east of the Mississippi.
a. 2 (V. 137; C.?). Georgia. Smithsonian Instit. [P.]. b-f, 9. & (V. 150; C.68)& N. America.
2 (V. 147, 142, 142, 142,
141; CO. 63, 54, 53, 54, 71).
B. Var. sirtalis.
Coluber sirtalis, Zinn. S. N. i. p. 383 (1766); Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. ii. pl. li. (1771); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 146 (1803) ; Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 116 (1835) ; Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass. p- 221 (1839). an :
he parietalis, Say, Long’s Exped. Rocky M. i. p. 186 (1823);
arl, l. ¢.
Tropidonotus parietalis, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Hallow. Sitgreave's Doge Zunt § Color, R. p. 139, pl. xvii. (1858). d
—— bipunctatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 820 (1887); Dum, & Bibr. vii. p. 682 (1854). | . i
—— sirtalis, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 41, pl. xi. (1842); Wied, N. Acta Ac. Leop. Carol. xxxii, i, 1865, p. 87; Garm. N. Am, — Rept. p. 25, pl. iii. fig. 8 (1883). = y
10. rRoPrpoNorTvs. 207
— N. Y. Faun., Rept. p. 43, pl. xiii. fig. 27
Eutainis sirtalie, Baurd § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 30 (1853) ; H. Garm. Bull, Illin. Lab, iii. 1892, p. 266. = Baird § Gir. l. ¢. p. 28. —— dorsalis, § Gir. 1. ce. p. 31. Tropidonotus ordinatus, part., Gunth, Cat. p. 73 (1858). aee, one U.S, Mex. Bound. Sury a0h, pdt Pou 16,
a Or Rep! “Ty Proc. Ac. Philad. 1886, U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p 6s, (1875).
Tro donot a sirtalis, var. dorsalis, Jan, Icon. Gén, 25, pl. 2 fig. 1 (1867)
Eutenia sirtalis, subspp. sirtalis, dorsalis, ~~ aa Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. . W. 100th. Mer. v. 6 (1875)
—— sirtalis parietalis, Coues § Yarrow, Bull. PS. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 27)
—— sirtalis semifasciata, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892,
662. Winianophis sirtalis, Garm. Bull. Ener Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 104.
Seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 138-170; subcaudals 64- 86. Brownish olive with black spots, or black above with three yellow, red, or pale green stripes ; greenish white inferiorly, with a black spot at the outer end of the ventrals.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; North Mexico.
a-d. 9 (V. 161; C. 72), Lake Winnipeg. Sir J. Richardson [P.}. her. (V. 159; 6. 67 ,& ' b yg. (W160, 154; 0.77,?). e. 2 (V. 145; C. ’?). New York. J. Murra Peete [P. f. 2 (V. 143; C. 62). Bay View, Michi- Prof.C. mba
g. Yg.(¥V.170; C.81). Is and Lake, Lyon Prof. G. B. Howes [P.}. Co., Minnesota.
h-k. 3 151, 147; C. Bloomington, In- C. Bollman, C. 76, 6 SO) ye (V. 140; — Ba. [©:}
1, m, a. (V. 170, 155; Missouri. Smithsonian Instit. [P.]. ES 35, 69) & 2 (V. 151; Ye. (W. 168; C. ?). Utah. Smithsonian Instit, [P.]. New Orleans. a Shall i C. Var. infernalis.
— infernalis, Blainv. Nouv. Ann. Mus, iv. 1835, p, 59, pl. xxvi.
Trosidonotus concinnus, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 182. Eutainia infernalis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Js sss
Rept. Girard, U.S. 148, ae Pres . 2 1858) | Bocourt, Bul. Seo. Zool Fe, 1 1899, 'p, 40; ‘Cope x 8. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 657.
Bi te ls i, Baird § Gir. lc. p. 27; Girard, 1, ¢. p. 150,
xiii
= aeintin, Baird § Gir. l. ¢. p. 33; Girard, 1. c. p. 158, pl. xiv. fig. 1.
Eutainia elegans, Baird § Gir. 1. c. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p- —— concinna, Baird § Gir. l. e.
COLUBRID, p. 84; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. 545 (1875). : st . 146; . U.S, Explor.
Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii. p. 298, pl. xv. fig. 2 185) Tropidonotus trivittatus, Hallow, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1853, p. 237. —— ordinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 73 (1858).
—— elegans, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat, Phys. iii. 1865, p. 214.
? Tropidonotus kennicottii, Jan, 7. ce. p. 216. ,
Euteenia sirtalis, subspp. pickeringii e¢ tetrateenia, Cope, — Wheeler's 546.
Rep. p. Tropidonotus sirtalis, var. infernalis, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 24
(1883).
Euteenia elegans, part., Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, 651.
Se. infernalis vidua, Cope, J. c. p. 658, —— sirtalis tetrateenia, Cope, J. c. p. 664.
—— sirtalis trilineata, Cope, 1. c.
. 665.
P Euteenia aurata, Cope, /. c. p. 659.
Seven or eight upper labials. Scales in 19 rows (21 in specimens sand y), outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 144-170; subcaudals 44-86, Olive, spotted with black, or black above, with a yellow or bluish vertebral stripe and usually a pair of lateral ones which may be tinged with vermilion; blue, grey, olive, or black inferiorly, sometimes with scattered vermilion spots.
Western North America.
at. g (V. 170; C. 80), 2 (Vv. 158, 158, 162, 161, 165; 6.2, 72, 80, 78, 77), ber. (V. 165, 162; Bi a 79), & yg. (V. 159 ; C. 78).
k. 2 (V. 163; C.?).
In. 3 (V.153; 0.79),
(V. 156; C. io),
(V. 154; 0.7 o. 2 (V. 162; 0. 71).
p. & (V. 157; 0.71). q. 2 (V.160; C. 69). r. & (V. 162; C. 79).
s-t. 9 (V. 155, 158; ©.
mee Hgr. (V. 157; ©. 68). (V. 168; C. 85)
V. 144; 0.76). (V. 156; C. 65).
gr. . 3d (V. 165; OC. 86) : (V. 156, 167, 161 ;
A (V. 157; C. 79).
Sumass Prairies, Brit. Boundary Commis- Colurabia.
sion.
Columbia R. _K, Loftus, Esq. Gt
Vancouver Id. Col. Hawkins |C.).
N. Orca Id., Gulf of Lords of the Ad- Georgia. iret De
Revelstoke, Brit. Prof. C. Eigenmann Columbia. t f0.4
Golden, Alberta. Prof. C. Eigenmann
C. Washington Territory. J. ba W. Fabert,
Camp Taylor, Marin Prof, ( Eigenmann Co., California. C.). Santa Cruz, California. Mr. . Forrer [C.}.
Monterey, California, J. aS ‘Gumey, °
Monterey, California. California,
are Walsingham California,
10. TRoPIDONOrUS, 209
_D. Var. eques.
Coluber eques, Reuss, Mus, Senckenb. i, 1834, p. 152, pl. viii. fig. 2.
Eutainia cyrtopsis, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, ‘ 333; Cope, Proce, Ae, Philad, 1366, p. 306, and Wheeler's Rep. U.S, Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 546 (1875), and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 17, p- 23 (1880), and Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus, xiv. 1892, p. 656.
— cyrtopsis, var. cyclides, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861,
P- Tropidonotus collaris, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys, iii. 1865, p. 209, and Icon. Gén. 25, pl. v. fig. 2 (1867). ante cyrtopsis ocellata, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, p. 22 )
Tropidonotus sirtalis, var. collaris, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 25 (1883).
Eutenia collaris, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii, 1884, p. 173; Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 127, pl. xiii. fig. 16.
—— pulchrilatus, Cope, 1. c. p. 174; Duges, l. e. p. 128.
Right (rarely seven) upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer
" rowWgmore or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 137-175; subcandals
"
58-100. Olive-brown above, with black spots disposed quin- cuneially ; a yellow or orange vertebral line, one scale wide, and a yellow or whitish lateral band; a black nuchal collar ; upper labisls yellowish with black sutures; lower parts greenish white.
Lower California, Arizona, Western Texas, Mexico, Guatemala.
a-t. ¢ (V. 156, 159, 156; Ciudad, Durango. Mr. A. Forrer [C.}. CG. 100, 82, 82), 2 (V. 148,151; ©. 73,?), & bgr. (V. 160, 161, 148, 153; C. 87, 86, 88, 84).
k. Ad. ae and "gal of body only). 1. Ve. (Vv. 162; 0. 91).
m, Yg. (V. 155; C.?).
n-o. ¢ (V. 153; C.77)& 9 (V. 175; C. 67). p.. o (V. 156; C. 88).
q. 2 (V. 151; C. 83).
r-t. ¢ (V. 155; ©. 84) & 9 (V. 148, 147; C. 73, 69).
La Venta, Guadala- jara, 5132 ft.
“ A. C. Buller
Mezquital del ~ Oro, Dr A C. Buller
Zacatecas, 4500 ft. Zacatecas.
Jalisco, N. of Rio de Santiago.
Chilpanzingo, Guer- rero.
Xucumanatlan, Guer- rero.
Amula, Guerrero,
Jalapa.
Rio Chisoy. Duejfias, Guatemala. Guatemala.
J. i, Cameron, Esq. F. ». Godman, Esq. Mr. . H. Smith [C.}.
; man,
FD. God My HE'D Sith [0.}. F. D. Godman,
. (P.}.
Mr it H. Smith (C2) tet Godman, Weg
Mr. fh C.
O. Salvin Lo.
O. Salvin, Esq. [C.).
O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
~ .
Eutenia sumichrasti, Cope, Proc, Ae. Philad. 1866, p. 306, and Proe, Am, Philos, Soc. xxii, 1884, p. 174.
VOL, I. --
P
210 COLUBRID,
Eight upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer row feebly keeled. Ventrals 147-148 ; subcaudals 60-65. Olive-brown, without stripes except traces on the neck ; upper lip and lower parts dirty yellow. May be regarded as a 7’. eques without the stripes,
Southern Mexico, Guatemala.
a, Q (V. 147; C. 60). Dueiias, Guatemala, O. Salvin, Esq. [C.}.
F, Var. phenax. Eutenia phenax, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 154.
Agrees in structure with the two preceding forms, but. differs in the total absence of stripes and the presence of reddish hlack-edged cross bars, F
Southern Mexico.
a. o (V.155; C.75). — Orizaba.
G. Var. couchii.
Eutainia couchii, Kennicott, Rep. U.S. Explor. Surv. R. R. x. pt. 4, p- 10 (1857). Eutenia henshawi, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883, p. 152.
Eight upper labials. Scales in 21 rows, outer row faintly keeled. Blue-black above, without spots; a narrow yellow dorsal line; belly greyish olive or black.
Washington Territory, California,
H. Var. hammondii.
Eutainia hammondii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 382; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. US. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875).
? Eutainia angustirostris, Kennicott, 1. ¢.
Tropidonotus hammondii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 215.
Fight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 159-171 ; -subcaudals 79-85. Dark olive-brown above, young olive with black spots; vertebral stripe absent, or merely indicated on the nape; a rather indistinct lateral stripe; lower parts pale olive, sometimes with a dark line along the middle posteriorly.
California,
a. 3 (V.170; C.?). Los Angeles, A. Erwin Brown, Esq. California. LE b. Yg. (V. 159; C. 79). California, Lord Walsingham |P.},
ce, Yg. (V.171; ©. 85). California,
I, Var. marcianus.
Eutainia marciana, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 36 (1853), and in Marcy's Explor. Red Riv, p. 221, pl. iii. (1853); Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S. Surv. W. 100th Mer, vy. p. 545 (1875).
? Tropidonotus intermedius, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1805, p. 209. ‘
Ao
a
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 21
Tropidonotus marcianus, Jan. 1. ¢. p. 215. —— sirtalis, var. merciana, Garm, N. Am. Rept. p. 138 (1883). ? Eutenia nigrolateris, A. £. Brown, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1889, p. 421.
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, outer row smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 144-163 ; subcaudals 53-85. Pale brown above, with black spots disposed quincuncially ; a narrow yellow vertebral line and a more or less indistinct light lateral streak ; upper labials, except the two last, pre- and postoculars yellowish, with black streaks on the labial sutures below and behind the eye; a black nuchal collar; lower
parts yellowish white. Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado. i a. o (V. 158; C.79). Texas. Smithsonian Instit. [P.3.
(As £. marciana.)
—b. 2 (V. 144; C.69). Texas.
e. 9 (V. 154; 0.67). Duval Oo., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. [C.}. d. Yg.(V .163;C.76). El Paso, Texas. Mr. A. Forrer
C.}. _e 9 (V. 153; C.?). Tucson, Arizona. A. Erwin Brown, Ye. Bsa»
K. Var. radix.
Eutainia radix, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 34 (1853) ; Kennicott, Rep. US. Explor, Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii. p. 299 (1860); Cowes §& Yarrow, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. iv. 1878, p. 277 ; Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus, xiy. 1892, p. 650; H. Garm. Bull. Lllin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 266.
haydenii, Kennicott, 1. c. p. 208, pl. xiv. Tropidonotus sirtalis, vars. radix & haydenii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat,
hys. iii. 1865, p. 212.
? Tropidonotus glaphyros, Jan, l. ¢, p. 214. Euteenia radix twiningi, Coues §& Yarrow, l. ec. p. 279. radix melanotenia, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 400.
Seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals 145-173; subcaudals 51-75. Olive above, with black spots arranged quincuncially, or blackish; a yellow or orange black- edged vertebral stripe, and a light lateral streak on the third and fourth rows of scales; belly greenish white, with a black spot at the outer end of each ventral.
North America, north of 37°, from the Rocky Mountains to Manitoba and Indiana.
a. 2 (V. 168; C. 68). Platte River. Smithsonian Inst. [P.). As E£. haydenii.) b. 2 (V. 161; C. 73). Island Lake, Lyon Prof. G. B, Howes Co., Minnesota. P,}. ce. 2 (V. 145; C. ?). Illinois. Smithsonian Inst. [P.). (As £. radix.) d. 2 (V. 168; C. 71). Kansas, e-g. 3 (VY, 106; C.?)& Canada, G. M. Dawson, Esq. 2 (V. 164, 171; C. 71, ?). [C.]. Boundary Com-
mission. ht. & (V. 167, 173; C.?, Moose Jaw, Assi- Prof. C. Eigenmann "75). pa nibaiasWitaeeds, [C). - - P2
212 COLUBRID,
L. Var. macrostemma.
Eutainia macrostemma, Kennicott, Proce. Ac. Philad. 860, p. 331 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1866, p. 307, and Wheeler's . US. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1875) ; Cowes, Wheeler's Rep. t. c. p. 615; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 651.
megalops, Kennicott, 1. ec. p. 330,
? Euteenia flavilabris, Cope, Proce, Ae. Philad. 1866, p, 306.
Kutenia macrostemma, var. megalops, Cope, Wheeler's Rep. p. 545.
insigniarum, Cope, Proe. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1884, p. 172;
Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 129; Ives, Proc. Ac. Philad,
1891, p. 462.
Eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 156- 174; subcaudals 64-82. Olive or brown above, with black spots or striated with black ; a yellow median stripe (sometimes obsolete), and another on each side on the third, or third and fourth rows of scales; ventrals and subcaudals greenish or bluish, more or less distinctly edged with blackish.
Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.
a-f. 3 (V. 170, 174, 166,170; Ciudad, Durango, Mr. A. Forrer [C.}.
0. cs 81, 80, 78) & (V. 160, 159; G. 63, 66).
4. Yg. (V. 156; C. 75). City of Mexico. =P. Geddes. Esq.{P.}. ve Cy 162; C. 80). Hacienda del Cas- Dr. A. C. Buller tillo, Guadala- ([C.}.
jara, Jalisco, i-n. 3 (V. 165; C. 70), Q Oaxaca. Mr. Hoege [0.]. (V. 159, 157 ; C. 68, 70), & (oe (V. 160, 162 ; C. ?, 82). g (V. 157; C. G4) & ye. Mexico. "WV. 157 ; C. 67).
M. Ves: butleri. Eutzenia butleri, Cope, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 399.
Seven upper labials. Scales in 19 rows, outer keeled. Ventrals 144; subcaudals 62. Olive-brown above, with three yellowish stripes; the median covering one and two half rows of scales, and the lateral running along the second, third, and fourth rows; these ’ stripes black-bordered ; lower parts olive,
Indiana.
7. Tropidonotus saurita.
Coluber saurita, Linn, 8. N. i. 385 ( 1766) ; Cateshy, Nat, Hist. Carol. ii. pl. 1. (1771); Daw. Rept. vii. p. 104 (1803) ; Hari. Med. Phys, Res, p. 115 (1835) ; Storer, Rep. athe. § Rept. Mass. p. 229 (1889).
proximus, Say, in Long's Exped, Rocky M. i. p. 187 (1823) ; Hari. 1. e. p. 116.
Tropidonotus saurita, Bote, Isis, 1827, Sehleg. Phys. + Ls p. 821 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. Bap (las) Giinth. Cat. (1858) ; Jan, ‘Arch. Zool. Anat. ‘biy §. iii. 1866, p. 212, and me.
ft
4 4
j
7 | |
10. TROPIDONOTUS, 213
ge l. ii. fig. 1 (1868) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 23, pl. iii.
fig. 2 (1853).
Tropidonotus proximus, Boie, l. c.; Hallow. in Sitgreave’s Exped. Zuni & Color. R. p. 134, l. xviii. (1853).
Leptophis ee olbr. N. Am. Herp P aay. iy. (1842) ;
N.Y. Fe Son oe 2 47 pu te A. Eutainia’ saurita, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p, 24 pit , Wheeler's Rep. lor. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 545 (1 5); H. Garm. Bull. lliin, Lab. iii. 1892, p. 264.
— faireyi, Baird § Gir. l. ¢. p. 25; Cooper, . US. Explor. Surv. R. R. xii. pt. ii. p. 299, Is. xiii. & xvi. (1 ); Cope, Le, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, p. 23 (1880).
—— proxima, Baird § Gir. 1. ¢., at in Marcy's y Red Riv. p- 220, pl. ii. (1853); Wied, N. ‘Acta Ac. Leop. Carol, xxxii. i. 1865, p- 90; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. v. p. 545, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 17, p. 23, and Proc. “S. Nat, Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 650.
—— sackenii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1859, p- 98; Cope, Wheeler's Rep. v. p. 545, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, 3U3.
Euteenia rutiloris, Cope, Proc, Am. Philos. Soc. xxii, 1885, p.
Thamnophis proxima, Garm. Bull, Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p- 105.
Form slender. Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal about as long as deep; one pre-and three (rarely four) postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 1+3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 144-178; anal entiré; subcaudals 86-127. Dark olive or dark brown above, with three more or less distinct yellow, pale green, or orange stripes, the laterals on the third and fourth series of scales ; usually a pair of light dots close together on the suture between the parietal shields ; upper lip and lower parts greenish white.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 230.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; Mexico.
a-b. g (V. 167; C.109) Bloomington, In- _C. Bollman, Esq. [C.). & 9 (V. 157; C. 127). diana. cd, 3 (V. 165,171; C. ‘Kansas.
ed ay, 158; C. ?). Lake Kerr, Florida, A. FswiffBrown, Eo. i. ¢ (V.170,173; C.?, New Orleans, wi. Sails [C.}. “T12), 2(V. 175 C. 107), & yg.(V.173; 111). k. go (V.171; é 114). Louisiana. Smithsonian = Ps ; (As £. fairey i Yg. (V. 169; C. 96). Duval Co., Texas. W. Taylor, Esq. tp m, 2. Q W. 166,167; C. Texas. P)
Legh 4 V. 171; C. 108). Matamoras, Mexico, REE: Inst. Vets
ae ‘v - 149; C. ?). Atoyac R.,Guerrero, Mr. H. Smi — C. bk xD. Godman,
‘ -
rf ee -— ae
214 COLUBRID.
q. 2 (V. 156; C. +). Jalapa. F. ip ee Esq.
r, & (V. 157; O. 97). Jalapa. of
s. Hgr. (V. 157; C. 100). Jalapa. Mr. Hoege [Ot
t-u. d (V. 152; 0.98) & Cozumel Id., Yuc- Mr. Gaumer [C.]. 2 (V. 151; C.?). atan. :
v-w. 9 (V. 145; ©. ?) & Belize. J. Smith, Esq. [P.]. ye. (V. 144; C. 87).
x. 9 (V. 147; C.93). Honduras.
8. Tropidonotus multimaculatus.
Atomarchus multimaculatus, Cope, Am. Nat, 1888, p. 1300. Eutznia multimaculata, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 1886, p- 284.
Snout long and compressed. Rostral broader than deep; inter- nasals longer than broad; frontal narrow, with concave sides, the anterior angles touching the superior preoculars; loreal longer than deep; two or three pree- and three postoculars ; temporals 1 +3; upper labials eight, low and rather long, fourth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, all keeled except the outer row. Anal entire. Ashy grey or brown above, uniform or with six or seven longitudinal series of dark brown or rusty spots, or dark brown ocelli with rusty orange centres ; the spots of the median two or three rows some- . times united, forming short cross bars; yellowish inferiorly, the shields with dark edges.
Total length 708 millim.; tail 171.
New Mexico and Chihuahua, North Mexico.
9. Tropidonotus rufopunctatus. Chilopoma rufopunctatum, Cope, Wheeler's Rep. U.S, Explor, Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. p. 544, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1875). Tropidonotus rufipunctatus, Germ. N. Am. Rept. p. 23 (1883). Euteenia rufopunctata, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 666.
Eye large. Rostral large, obtuse, with prominent lateral and posterior borders ; nasal single, long and rather narrow; loreal clongate ; one pre-and three postoculars; temporals 1+3; frontal large, with concave sides, in contact with the preocular; eight upper labials, fourth and-fifth entering the eye. Scales in 21 rows, all except the first and second on each side strongly keeled. Ventrals 177; anal entire; subcaudals 87. Light brown above, the anterior half of the body with six rows of small, alternating bright rufous or orange spots; lower surfaces pale brownish grey.
Total length 257 millim.; tail 62.
Southern Arizona.
10. Tropidonotus pealii.
Tropidonotus pealii, 1”. Z. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p- 241, pl. vi. fig. 4.
Eye moderate. Rostral just visible from above; internasals
7
10, TROPIDONoTUS. 215
broadly truncated anteriorly, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly square; one or two pre-and two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row also keeled but not so strongly as the rest. Ventrals 142-144; anal entire; subcaudals 75-77. Dark brown above, with a narrow light longitudinal line on each side, and a broader stripe, two scales wide, below it; head dark brown above, the upper and lower labials and rostral yellow, edged and blotched with brown ; ventrals very dark brown, each tipped laterally with light yellow; an indistinct yellow line along the middle of the ventral shields, rather more conspicuous posteriorly.
Total length 500 millim. ; tail 125.
Sibsagar, Assam.
11. Tropidonotus picturatus.
Tropidonotus picturatus, —_— Phys. Serp. ii. p. 314, pl. xii.
fics, 8&9 (1837) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 603 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat.
. 71 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iti. 1865, p. 228, and
con. Gén. 27, pls. iii. figs. 3 & 4, and iv. (1868) ; Krefft, Snakes of
Austral. p. 20, pl. v. tig. 8 (1869); Doria, Ann, Mus. Genova,
vi. 1874, p. 348; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, 388.
p. 388. —— australis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 54 (1842). semicinctus, Dum. §& Bibr. t. ec. P. 603. ; hy eg plumbea, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 1877,
? Tropidonotus angusticeps, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. viii. 1 p- 433. Tropidonotus ater, Macleay, op. cit. x. 1835, p. 67.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or longer, broadly truncate in front, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and tbree fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper; one or two prw- and three (rarely two) postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2 (rarely 2+2); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely third and fourth or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 (rarely 17) rows, strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 128-165; anal divided; subcaudals 52-82. Coloration very variable.
Total length 740 millim. ; tail 180.
Moluceas, Papuasia, North Australia,
ee ee ee
ne
216 COLUBRID,
A. Blackish brown above, anteriorly with yellowish transverse bands ; ventrals broadly bcrdered and spotted with black.
a. & (V. 165; C. P). Ceram. Dr. Bleeker. b. 2, bleached (V. 162; C.72). Ceram. Dr. Bleeker. (Coryphodon carinatus, BYkr.)
B. Dark olive-brown above, with small black spots; ventrals mostly edged with black. ?
c. 9 (V. 142; C. 58). Cape York. d. d (V. 154; C. 72). Rockhampton.
e-g, h. & (V. 149, 151, 150, Port Essington. (Types of T. australis.) 153; C. 68, 72, ?, 67).
t. 2 (V. 146; C. P). N.W. Australia. C. Uniform reddish- or olive-brown above ; ventrals usually uniform yellowish. k-o. gf (V. 150; C. ?), 2 Fly River. Rey. S. Macfarlane (V. 149; ©.?), & ye. (V. 150, [C.}. 158, 147; C. 74, 82, 80). p- & (V. 144; C. ?). New Guinea, 8. of Dr. Comrie [C.}. Huon Gulf. gq. 2 (V. 142; OC. 71). St. Aignan, Louis- B. H. Thomson, iade Archipelago. — [P.]. r. 2 (V. 147; C. 66). N.W. Australia. Sir J. Richardson — : (P.}. s. Yg. (V. 153; C. 69). N. Australia. Dr. j . R. Elsey
(P.}.
12. Tropidonotus truncatus.
Styporhynchus truncatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 18638, p. 899, and 1869, p. 445, pl. —. fig. 5.
Apparently allied to 7. picturatus, but snout more prominent and truncate, and scales feebly keeled, smooth on the nape. Two pre- and two postoculars. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 142-147 ; sub- caudals 43. Brown or blackish above; head rusty brown above, with a white black-edged streak from below the eye to the side of the neck; some of the dorsal scales with a light edge or spot; lower surface blackish dotted with whitish, or brownish white dotted with black.
Total length 425 millim. ; tail 75.
Gilolo, Ternate.
13. Tropidondtus celebicus.
Styporhynchus celebicus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 1878, p. 386.
Distinguished from the preceding by the less prominent snout, the rostral being not so deep and more vertical, and the presence of three postoculars. Ventrals 140; subcaudals 48. Brown above, with two irregular cchraceous stripes ; lips and chin powdered with
. ea:
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 217
blackish ; a black collar, edged with yellow ; belly and lower surface of tail yellow, dotted with black.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 7
S.E. Celebes.
14. Tropidonotus fuliginoides.
Coronella fuliginoides, Giinth, Cat. p. 39 (1858); Mocquard, Bull. Soc, Philom, (8) i. 1889, p. 145
Meizodon = is a Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p- 352, pl. v. fig. A; Bocage, Jorn, Sc, Lisb. x. 1887, p. 184.
Coronella olivacea, , Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 114 (1882),
longicauda, ocquard, Bull. Soe, Philom. (7) xi. 887, p. 69.
Eye moderate. ostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long ; one (rarely two) pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 1 +2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 119-135; anal usually entire ; subcaudals 75-95. Brown above, which colour extends to the ends of the ventrals, usually with two light longitu- dinal streaks or series of spots ; a yellow, black-edged nuchal collar ; sometimes a large yellowish blotch on the parietals ; labials whitish, edged with black ; ventrals yellowish, uniform or edged with black.
Total length 410 millim. ; tail 140.
Tropical Africa.
a. 5 (V. 127; C.?). W. Africa. Haslar Coll.
b. g (V.129; C.88). W. Africa. Mr. Rich (C.}.{ (TPe®)
ce. Yg.(V.126; C.78). W. Africa. J. C. Salmon, Esq. [P.}.
d. 2 (V. 134; C. 75) Ancober River, Major Burton & beak
Gold Coast. Cameron [ P.}.
e. Hgr. 9 (V.182;C.?). Lagos.
f. & (V.1380; C.?). Old Calabar. W. Logan, Esq. [P.}.
g- 2 (V. 133; C. 82). Old Calabar.
h. 9 (V. 134; C.?). Fernando Po, Dr, A. rgd (Type Amn, aay
i. 2 (V. 135; C. 80). Fernando Po. SirA, P smith (P
k. Hgr. ¢ (V.123; 0.2). Gaboon, H. Aveall, Bo. P).
15. Tropidonotus variegatus. Mizodon variegatus, Peters, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1861, p. 358.
Closely allied to the preceding. Loreal deeper than long; two pre- and three postoculars; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; posterior chin- shields twice as long as anterior, Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals 143; anal divided; sub- caudals 76. Head dark brown, anterior part of parietals lighter ; sutures between the labials black; alight nuchal collar; a blackish
218 COLUBRID.
band along the back: sides variegated black and white ; belly dirty white, with a lateral] series of black spots,
Total length 328 millim.; tail 106,
Gold Coast.
16. Tropidonotus swinhonis.
Tropidonotus swinhonis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag, N. H. (A) i. 1868, p. 420, pl. xix. fig. kK,
Head narrow and elongate. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals a little broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; one pree- and three post- oculars; temporals 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very long ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row faintly keeled, in 15 rows. Ventrals 150; anal divided; subcaudals circa 50. Brown above, anteriorly with irregular blackish spots ; occiput and nape reddish, with a broad black collar; a black spot below the. eye, and an oblique black band on the temporal region; lower parts yellowish, powdered with brown on the sides.
Total length 580 millim. ; tail about 100.
Formosa.
a. 9 (V. 150; C.?). Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. (Type.)
17. Tropidonotus nuchalis. (Pxrare XIII. fig. 1.)
oe idonotus swinhonis, var., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iy. 1889, p. 221.
od nuchalis, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 281.
Head as in 7. natrix. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper; one pree- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+ 1 or 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very long; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very feebly keeled, of outer row smooth, in 15 rows. <A very distinct groove along the middle of the nape. Ventrals 154-165; anal divided; subcaudals 46-50. Olive above, uniform or with small black spots ; an oblique black line below the eye, and another between the two last labials; lower parts uniform black, or black in the middle and olive on the sides.
Total length 640°-millim. ; tail 120.
China.
a-d. 2 (V.154, 160, 161, Ichang, Upper Yang- A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.). 165 ; C. 50, 48, 47, 46). tse-Kiang, (1 'ypes.)
— ee eS |. eS oe
10, TROPIDoNOTUS. 219
18. Tropidonotus natrix.
Coluber natrix, Linn. S. N. i. p. 380 (1766) ; Daud. Rept. vii. - 34, pl. Ixxxii. fig. ] (1803); Metara, Mon, Serp. Rom. p. 33 (1825).
Natrix vulgaris, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 75 (1768); Collett, Vidensk. Selsk. Forh, Christ. 1873, no. 3, p. 2.
—— gronoyviana, Laur. 1. ¢. ;
Coluber scutatus, Pall. Reise, i. p. 459 (1771).
—— bipes, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 1 (1788).
—— gronovianus, Gmel. /. c. p. 1101.
—— tyrolensis, Gmel. /. ec. p. 1102.
—— arabicus, Gel. 1, c.
p. 57.
—— torquatus, Lacép. 1. c. pp. 100 & 147.
od sacs Daud, Ret. viii. p. 328 (1803).
—— persa, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 41 (1811).
minutus, Pall. 1. ¢.
—-~ hybridus, Merr, Tent. p. 125 (1820).
——- viperinus (non Latr.), Metaxa, l. ¢. p. 34.
Tropidonotus natrix, Bote, Isis, Med) 534; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 302 (1837); Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Mér, iii. p. 350 (1840); Diwan, §& Bibr. vii. p. 555 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 61 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Alg. p. 58 (1862); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iti. 1865, p. 207, and Icon. Gén. 26, pls. i. & ii. figs. 2-4 (1868); Viaud-Grandm, Et. Serp. Vend. p. 12 (1868); Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 147 (1872); Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872,
. 393; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 141 (1873); De Betta, Faun. Fal. Rett. Anf. p. 45 (1874) ; Schreib, Herp. a 237 (1875) ; Lataste, Herp. Gir. p. 128 (1876); Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 418 (1876); Lessona, Atti Ace. Tor. xii. 1877, R 182, pl. iv.; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose, 1881, p. 287; Ninni, Atti Soe. Ital. xxiii. 1881, p. 70 ; Leydig, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 169; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1888, p. 933; Bedriaga, Amph, et Rept. de Portug. p. 68 (1889) ; Peracca, Boll. Mus. Torin. vy. 1890, no. 92 ; Camerano, Monogr. Ofid. Colubr. Ital. p. 9 (1891); Bouleng. Tr. Zool, Soc, xiii. 1891, p. 148; HH. §& T. Piel de Churcheville, Bull.
' Soe. H. N. Ouest Fr. ii. 1892, p. 35, pl. ii.
—— hybridus, Boie, 1. e.
Coluber siculus, Cuv. R. A. 2nd ed., ii. p. 84 (1829) ; Bibr. § Bory, Expéd. Se. Morée, Zool. p. 73, pl. xiv. tig. 1 (1833),
Tropidonotus ater, Lichw. Zvol. Spee. iii. p. 173 (1881), and Faun.
.-Caue. p. 106, pl. xxii. (1841),
—— persicus, Lichw, Zool. Spee. iii. p. 173.
Coluber bilineatus, Bibr. §& Bory, 1. ec. p. 73, pl. xiv. fig. 2.
mene gin git Zook. Font. Deal (1834); Beli, Brit. Rept.
. 47, fig. ( ).
oe cetti, Gené, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) i. 1839, p. 272, pl. iv. fig. 1; Bonup. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1840).
—- — vars, murorum & minax, Bonap. Mem. Ace. Torin.
(2) ii, 1889, p. 438,
Tropidonotus natrix, vars. nigra & colehica, Nurdm. in Demid. op. cit., Rept. pls. xi. & xii.
—— persa, Lichw. Faun. .-Caue. p. 105, I: xxi.
—— natrix, var. picturata, Jan, ll. cc.; F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p. 681.
—— fallax, Fatio, 1. c. p. 158.
helveticus, Lacép. Serp. pp. 100 & 326 (1789); Daud. t. c. —
290 COLUBRID,
Tropidonotus natrix, var. concolor, F. Miill. 1. ¢. natrix, var. astreptophorus, Seoane, Idend. de Lacerta schreiberi, §e., p. 15 (1885).
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals at least as broad as long, trapezoid, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little shorter, shorter than the parictals; loreal deeper than long; one (rarely two) pre- and three (rarely two or four) postoculars ; tem- porals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scules strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 157-190; anal divided ; subcaudals 50-8. Grey, olive, or brown above, with black spots or narrow cross-bands ; labials white or yellowish, with the sutures between the shields black ; belly usually checkered black and white or grey.
Total length 1120 millim.; tail 210. Reaches a length of two metres (63 feet).
Europe, Algeria, West and Central Asia.
A. The typical form. A white, yellow, or orange collar, usually divided in the middle, sometimes absent, bordered behind by a broad deep black collar, which is constant.
a. 2 (V. 166; C. 58). Hale, near. Salis- Rev. H. G. W. Aubrey bury, [P.}. b, e, d-e. 2 (V. 161,165; Devonshire. C. 55, 58), hgr. ¢ (V. 173; C. 64), & yg. (V. 166; C, 66).
tg, h. Eggs. London.
7. ¢ (V. 170; C. 66). England.
k. 3 (V. 166; C. 60). Gotland. Dr. Eisen [P.}.
l. 2 (V. 172; C. 58). Sweden. C. J. A. Thuden, Esq.
P,}.
m-n. 9 (V. 165, 168; C. Near St. Malo. Pie Boulenger, Esq. 63, 60). [P.}.-
9-8. g (V. 175; C€. 71), Bologna. Prof. Bianconi [P.].
2 (V. 165, 169; C. 64, 62), & yg. (V.177, 172; C. 76, 72). . t-u. Sd (V.176; CO. ?) & Tlisk, E. Turkestan, Rev. H. Lansdell [C.], 2 (V. 176; ©. 60). |
v. Yg., two-headed —? monster.
w. Ad., skel. —?
x,y. Skulls. Paris,
B. Collar altogether absent, or reduced to a small black blotch on each side of the nape. (Var. astreptophorus, Sevane.) a. 9 (V. 157; C. 50). Corunna, M. V. L. Seoane [P.]. b. ¢ (V. 166; C. 77). Albufera de Va- Lord Lilford [P. lencia, s
10. TRorIDoNoTUSs. ; 221 e. 2 (V. 161; C. 61). Spain. P. B. Webb, Esq. [P.}. d. 3 (V. 168; ©, 73). Oporto. Dr. H. Gadow [C.}. ef. d (V.177; C.74) Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.}. & yg. (V. 162; C. 64).
C. Collar well-marked though widely interrupted in the middle ; a yellowish streak along euch side of the back. (C. persa, Pall., C. bilineatus, Bibr., var. murorum, Bp.)
a-b. . 2 (V. 173, Bologna. Prof. Bianconi [P. 73°C. 57, 60). “7 (FI
e. 2 (V . 175; C. 65). Zara, Dalmatia. Dr. F. Werner fa
at 4 g (V. 176; Epidaurus. Rev. W. Hennah [P.]
e-h. 2 (V. 177; C. 64) Smyrna. R. McAndrew . (P.}, a. Vwi. 9 Hoe I 163; C. 74, 56, 56).
é. Yg. (V. 174; C. 66). Valley of the R. McAndrew, Esq. [P.].
Meinder. k. 2 (V.170; C. 68). Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P. l. 9 (V. 171;_C.?). Shores of the J. Miller, Esq. [P. Mediterranean. D. Black above, checkered black and white inferiorly. (C. scutatus, a Pall., var. nigra, Nordm.) ; a. 2 (V. 174; C. 70). Epidaurus. Rev. W. Hennah [P.}. 6. Yg. (V. 173; C.65). _ Enzeli, on the W.T. Blanford, Esq. | E.}. Caspian Sea, N. Persia. E. Uniform black above and below. (7. ater, Eichw.) a. 2 (V.161; C. 51). Gotland. Dr. Eisen [P.}.
b. 2 (V.158; C. 58). — Morea.
19. Tropidonotus vibakari.
Tropidonotus vibakari, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 207; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 316 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 87, pl. y. (1833) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 595 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 80 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 216 ; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p- 174 (1873); Bouleng. Ann. § Ne N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 139,
—— martensii, Hilgend. Sitzb, Ges. Naturf. Fr, 1880, p. 115.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid, shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper ; one (rarely two) prw- and three (rarely two) postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 142; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or third, fourth, and fifth) entering the eye ; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or faintly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 127-151;
222 COLUBRID,
anal divided; subcaudals 59-79. Reddish brown or olive above, with a more or less marked blackish or dark olive vertebral stripe, and small blackish spots ; an oblique yellow dark-edged band on each side of the nape, the two converging posteriorly ; upper labials yellow, with black sutures ; lower parts yellow, with a lateral series of brown dots or short lines.
Total length 440 millim. ; tail 100.
Mantchuria, Japan, Formosa.
a-b. 3 (VY. 150,151; C. Chaborowka, on Hr. Dorries [C.].
59, 60). the Ussuri. e-d. Yg. (V. 187,187; C. Japan. A, Adams, Esq, [C.]. 62, 65). ef. og (V. 148; ©. 74) Japan. Leyden Museum, & 9 (V. 144; C. 79). h. & (V. 148; C.?). Japan. Dr. Bleeker. t. 2 (V. 144; C. 68). Yokohama, H.MS. ‘ Challenger.’ k. Yg. Se 145; C.73). Kobe. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ l 2 (V. 127; C. 73). Formosa, R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.].
20. Tropidonotus conspicillatus.
Tropidonotus conspicillatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p, 596,
fig.; Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 109.
Eye moderate. Nostril in an entire or semidivided nasal ; rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, broadly truncate in front, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal.deeper than long; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 1+2 (or 1+3); eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all keeled (or outer row smooth). Ventrals 138-147; anal divided; subcaudals 40-53. Brown or reddish above, with a dark network and two longitudinal series of yellowish spots or cross-lines; a yellow, black-edged streak along the upper lip, and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth; nape blackish, with two interrupted yellow transverse streaks ; yellowish below, uniform or speckled with brown.
Total length 400 millim. ; tail 75.
Borneo, Sumatra*.
a-b. 3 (V. 142; C. 49) Matang. & 9 (V. 140; C. 49). (Types.) ce. Hgr. (V. 142; C.?). Borneo. — L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.]. d. 2 (V. 147; C. 53). Mt. Dulit, C. Hose, Esq. [C. |. Borneo.
* I have examined a specimen from Sinkep Isd., preserved in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. o
a ay
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 223
21, Tropidonotus parallelus. (Pare XIII. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus dipsas (non Blyth), Anders, An. Zool, Res. Yunnan, p- 819 (1879). — elus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 345 (1890).
Eye moderate. ostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, as long as or’ a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and twothirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep; one or - two (or three) preoculars; three postoculars; temporals 1+1, 1+2, or 2+2; eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and filth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, those of the outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 163-175; anal divided; subcaudals 73-95. Olive brown above, the scales edged with blackish, with two yellowish, black-edged dorsal stripes running along the back and tail; a short yellow longitudinal streak behind the occiput; a black streak from the eye to the commissure of the mouth; labials yellow ; ventrals and subcaudals uniform yellow, or with a black dot on each side.
Total length 560 millim.; tail 140.
Sikkim, Khasi Hills, hills of Upper Burmah and Yunnan.
a. g (V. 166; U, 75). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.}. )}
b. 3 (V. 167; C. 78). Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.).
e-d. g (V. 163, 167; C. Khasi Hills? T. C. Jerdon, Esq. | 3
73, 73). igh! &
e. 3 (V. 172; C. 86). Sanda, Upper Dr.J. Anderson [P.}. ey Irrawaddy. -
SF. 2 (V. 167; C. ?). Hotha Valley, Dr. J. Anderson [P.}. Yunnan. q
22. Tropidonotus khasiensis. (Prare XIII. fig. 3.) Tropidonotus khasiensis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept, p. 344 (1890),
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, searcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer than deep; one or two preoculars; three postoculars ; temporals 1+1; nine upper lubials normally, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, rather strongly keeled, the outer row smooth. Ventrals 150-154; anal divided; subcaudals 80-100. Pale brown above, some of the scales edged with darker ; head speckled with black, or with more or less distinct yellowish dots or yermiculations ; labials yellow in the
224 COLUBRID,
middle and dark brown on the borders; an oblique yellow streak edged with dark brown on each side of the nape, forming the con- tinuation of the series of yellow labial spots ; ventrals and subcaudals yellowish, with an interrupted brown streak or series of spots along each side.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 190,
Khasi Hills, Assam.
a-c. 2 (V. 150, 150,152; Khasi Hills, T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [ P.}. = C. 96, ?, 80). : a. Yg.' (V. 164; ©. Khasi Hills, Sir J. Hooker (P]. (3 100). -
23. Tropidonotus trianguligerus.
Tropidonotus pang anigcens, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii, p. 311, pl. xii. figs. 1-8 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 590 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 70 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 261 (1864) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 225, and Icon. Gén, 27, pl. ii. figs. 2 & 8 (1868); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p- 282; Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1889, p. 345.
—— umbratus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 89 (1847).
—— junceus, (non Cant.) Girard, U.S. Explor. Exped., Herp, 145, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1858).
? Tropidonotus bellulus, Stoliezka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng: xl. 1871, p- 432, pl. xxvi. fig. 2.
Tropidonotus trianguligerus, var. annularis, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat..
1885, p. 55.
Eye moderate. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals longer than broad, trapezoid, as long as or longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper; one (rarely two) pre- and three or four postoculars ; temporals 24+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 134-147; anal divided; subcaudals 67-94. Dark olive above, with small black spots ; usually a lateral series of large triangular black spots, with the points extending down to the ventrals, separated by red interspaces; these markings becoming indistinct or disappearing on the posterior half of the body ; in some specimens (var. annularis, Fisch.) the black lateral spots extend as bands across the belly ; upper labials yellowish, with black sutures; lower parts yellowish, uniform or the shields edged with black.
Total length 1200 millim.; tail 340.
Southern Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Ternate.
a. go (V. 142; C. ?). Pinang. Dr. A. Giinther Gey b,e,d. 2 (V. 186; C. ?) Singapore. Gen. Hardwicke [P), &her. d (V. 136, 140; C. 67, ?).
dim, AO SAO et ea.
DA be
— eee Tt eae
eT. Se
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 225 “5% 3 (V. 138; C. Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P. }. f-g. Hgr. 3 (V.146,135; District of Deli, Prof. Moesch [C.]. C. ?, 80). Sumatra. A-l. 2 (V. 145, 146,144, Nias. Hr. Sundermann [C.]. =: oy 0 oho Bo L. Dill P) d (V. : reo. L. L. Di EPs ?, 2) & (V. 139, nemare y+ 185; C. 73, 70)
. 2 (V. 187; ©. ?). Rejang River, Brooke Low, Esq. [P.]. ara
q 2 (
r-t. g (V. 182; C. 81) Telang and Li- Hr. Grabowsky [C.]. & yg. (V. 131,182; C. hong Bahaja, (Types of var. pn 79, ?). 8.E. Borneo,
u. 5 (V. 139; C. 69). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.
v. Yg. (V. 146; C. ?). Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’
24. Tropidonotus petersii. (Pare XIV. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus maculatus (non Edeling), Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1871,
p. 575. sundanensis (non Giinth.), Peters, Ann. Mus. Genova, iii. 1872,
p. 36.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one pre-and three or four postoculars ; temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 140-150; anal divided; subcaudals 65-78. Brown above, with small black spots; a lateral series of black spots; upper surface of head dark olive, vermiculated with black ; labials yellowish, with black sutures ; yellowish inferiorly, the shields edged with black.
Total length 370 millim. ; tail 100.
Borneo.
a. Hgr. ¢ (V. 140; C. 76). Borneo. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [C.).
Il. Neropra.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, the hinder gra- dually enlarged. Eyes rather small and, like the nostrils, directed upwards and outwards; internasal shields usually much narrowed in front.
25. Tropidonotus melanogaster. Tropidonotus grahamii .» Giinth, Cat, p, 78 (1858). = ion, Petre, ‘Mon. Berl. de 1804, p. 880; Giinth, Zool. Rec, 1865, p. 154. —— mesomelanus, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p, 230, and Icon, Gén. 27, pls. v. fig. 3 & vi. fig. 2 (1868).
VOL. I. fas Cy
+
re
226 COLUBRID&.
Tropidonotus baronis-miilleri, Troschel, in Miill. Reis, Mexico, iii. p- 610 (1865), Eutenia melanogaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii, 1885, 386. estes mesomelana, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 32, p.74 (1887) ; Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 130.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or longer, subtriangular, truncate in front, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; two (rarely three) pre- and two or three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 142 or 1+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row perfectly smooth or faintly keeled, second smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 140-159; anal entire; subcaudals 45-79. Olive-brown above, without or with very small black spots; a more or less distinct pale lateral stripe running along the second or second and third rows of scales; throat yellowish; belly and lower surface of tail black in the middle, olive or plumbeous on the sides, or pale greyish with a median series of more or less confluent small black spots.
Total length 580 millim.; tail 140.
Mexico.
af. gd (V. 159, 152, Mexico. 154, 155; C. 71, 67, 62, ’68), "9 (V.. 150; nh) 5), & her. (V. 152;
gy. 3 (V. 152; C. 66), Plateau of Mexico, P. Geddes, Esq. [P.].
© (V. 150; 0. 55), & near the city. yg. (V. 149; C. 64). k. Q2(V.140; C. 71). La Laguna, Juana- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.}. catlan, Jalisco, 6500 feet. Lm. 9 (V. 148; C.63) Colonia Brizuela, Dr. A. C. Buller [C.}. & yg. (V.153; C. 79). Hacienda El Rosario, Autlan, Jalisco.
n,o. 3 (V.156, 156; C, Tehuantepec. 66, 66). p. Yg. (V. 142; C. 66). W. Mexico.
26. Tropidonotus levissimus.
Natrix levissima, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) ix. _ pl. ix. fig. 4.
7
10. rRoprponotvs. 227
above ; nostrils directed upwards; internasals narrow, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower
_labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter
than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 175; anal entire; subcaudals 76. Black, ventrals and subcaudals
yellowish on the sides. Total length 850 millim.; tail 200. Africa? a. dg (V.176; C. 76). ——? Chatham Museum. (Type.}
27. Tropidonotus olivaceus.
Coronella olivacea, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 622; Giinth. Cat. p. 39 (1858) ; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lish. i. 1866, p. 66; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 114, pl. xvii. fig. 1 (1882); M d, Bull. Soc. Philom, (7) xi, 1887, p. 66, and Mém, Cent. Soc. Philom, 1888,
. 128. ak (Meizodon) dumerilii, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 429,
i athus punctatostriatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1863, 8, and Icon. Gén, 16, pl. iv. fig. 4 (1866). Neusterophis atratus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1877, p. 614, pl. —. fig. 1; Giinth. Proe, Zool. Soc, 1888, p. 51. Coronella (Mizodon) olivacea, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb, Ges, 1888, p. 48.
Eye moderate. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one (rarely two) prw- and three (exceptionally two) post- oculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 131-149; anal divided; subcaudals 55—85. Olive or brown above, with a more or less distinct darker vertebral band, four or five scales wide, bordered on each side by a series of whitish dots; flanks and ends of ventrals olive; upper lip yellowish, the sutures between the shields black; ventrals yellowish, some- times edged with olive.
Total | 580 millim.; tail 145.
Tropical Afri a-b, c. § (V.188;C.?), South of Chartoum. Consul Petherick V. 186; ©. i [C.} & yg. (V.181; 0.71).
a2
228
d. Q (V. 187; 0.55).
e. Yg. (V. 135; C. 69).
f. y - Os Aa C, 85).
g. 2 (V. 136; C.?).
ht. go (V. 136, 146;
COLUBRID &,
Monbuttu, Upper Dr. Emin Pasha [P.}.
Congo. Congo. : Gold Coast. H. H. Evans, . (Type of C. it.) Gaboon.
Coast of Zanzibar.
C. P, 84). k. 2 (V. 189; C.?). Zambesi Expedition. Sir J. Kirk ot i. fo (V. 144; C. 65). Quellimane. Sir J. Kirk [ C. m,n. Q (V. 145, 149; Africa.
C.?, ?).
28. Tropidonotus pygeus.
Contia pygeea, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 223; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 93, pl. vii. fig. 5 (1883).
Eye moderate. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided; internasals small and subtriangular, truncate in front; frontal a little shorter than the preefrontals, once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth, faintly keeled on the tail. Ventrals 120-133; anal divided; subcaudals 35-54. Black above, with a very faint pale line along the centre of each scale of several lateral series; the lines more distinct near the vent and on the tail; beneath pale, posterior half of body and tail red, each ventral shield with a short black cross bar on the anterior margin,
Total length 300 millim. ; tail 50.
North Carolina to Florida.
a-b, 9 (V. 121,123; Lake Kerr, Florida. A. Erwin Brown, Esq. C. 40, 38). , Pi}
29. Tropidonotus punctulatus. (Prarr XIV. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus punctulatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 247 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 420, and Zool. Rec, 1870, p. 74; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 173 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 350 (1890).
Fowlea peguensis, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus, p. 57 (1868).
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above, forming a narrow suture with the internasals, which are much narrowed anteriorly and nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
| | | |
10, TROPIDONOTUS. | 229
of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep ;
_ one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 242 or 243;
nine (exceptionally ten) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 142-154; anal divided ; subcaudals 62-83. Brown or black above, with small pale markings or dots ; two outer rows of scales, and the ventrals and subcaudals yellowish with dark margins; upper lip uniform yellowish ; frequently a light, curved, longitudinal streak on each side of the nape. Total length 600 millim.; tail 150.
Pegu, Burma. a. 2 (V. 142; C. 62). —? Zoological Society. (Type.) 3 (V. 144, 144; Pegu. Theobald, Esq .(C.}.
C. 70, 88) & 2 (V. 154, 154; C. 78, 80).
30. Tropidonotus modestus, (Pzare XIV. fig. 3.)
Tropidonotus modestus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 232 ; Anders. Zool, Res. Yunnan, p. 817 (1879) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p- 343 (1890).
Eye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one (or two) pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+1 (1+2, or 2+2); nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, feebly keeled. Ventrals 154-168; anal divided; subcaudals 96-122) Olive- brown above, with small black spots, and a more or less distinct series of small yellowish spots, or a yellowish stripe, along each side of the back; sutures between the labials black; lower surfaces yellowish, with a series of blackish spots on each side of the ventrals, or yellowish in the middle and blackish on the sides, or nearly entirely blackish.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 180.
Khasi Hills and Western Yunnan.
red é ¥4 166, 163 ; Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.}.
ee. wei bed C. ) Cherra Punji, Khasi Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. ia. Hills.
1 d ( & 2(V ).
&
230 COLUBRID,
31. Tropidonotus sancti-johannis. (Prarn XV. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, var., Giinth. Cat. p. 66 (1858), and pt, Brit. Ind, p. 261 (1864); Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. B xxxix. 1870, p. 8 1; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xi. 1871,
p. 432, pl. trv ‘fig. 1. —— sancti-johannis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 350 (1890).
Very closely allied to 7, piscator, but scales feebly keeled, some- times nearly smooth, the two to four outer rows smooth ; frequently fourth labial only entering the eye. Ventrals 134-158; subcaudals 80-98. Pale olive above, uniform or with black spots arranged quincuncially, or with two series of whitish spots along the body; belly uniform yellowish.
Total length 1100 millim.; tail 290.
Should perhaps rank as a variety of 7’. piscator.
Himalayas; North-west and Central Provinces, India.
a. Yg. (V. 158; C.85). Cashmere. Sir O. B. St. John [C. } W. T. Blanford, [P.}. _(Type.) b-h. S (V. 140, 148, Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 143, 148; C. 98, 94, (P.].
96, 86) & 9 (V. 153, 151, 154; C. 87, 80,
84 . i a a 156; C.?). Kulu, Himalayas. Messrs. v. Schlagin- tweit [C.]. k. 3 (V. 148; C.?). Jamu, Himalayas. Messrs. y. ie tweit [C.]. l. 2 (V. 151; C, 82). Darjeeling. T.C. Je a ee 3 (V. 141; C. 88). Chanda, Central W. T. Blanford Provinces, aS Et n. go (V. 134; C. 88). Sharigh, near Blanford, Esq, Harnai. (Po)
32. Tropidonotus piscator.
: Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xx., xxviii., & xxxiii. (1796), and ii. pls. iii., 7., xiv., & xv.a (1801). Hydrus piscator, Schneid. Hist. Amph. i. p. 247 (1799). —— palustris, Schneid. l. c. p. 249. Coluber anostomosatus, Daud. Rept. vii. p. 140 (1803). —— umbratus, Daud. 1. ¢. p. 144. —— braminus, Daud. 1. ¢. p. 176. —— mortuarius, Daud, J. c. p. 187. dora, Daud. l. ¢. p. 191. Enhydris piscator, Oken, Lehrb, Naturg. iii. p, 233 (1816). Coluber bengalensis, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. ii. pl. Ixxxii. fig. 1 OSE rectangulus, Gray, Jl. c. fig. 2. Tropidonotus melanozostus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 206, —— piscator, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535. —— mortuarius, Boie, 1. ¢ Coluber hippus, "Reuss, Mus. Senckenb. i. 1834, p. 150, pl. ix. fig. 2.
10. TRoprIDoNoTUS. 231
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, part., Schleg. Phys. . li. p. 307, pl. xii.
figs. 4 & 5 (1837); Dum: F Bibr. wi» O08 (1854); Giinth, Cat. p. 68 (1858), and Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 260 (1864).
—— umbratus, Schileg. 1. c. p. 309.
—— ——, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 89 (1847).
Amphiesma flavipunctatum, Hallow. Proce. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 503.
Tropidonotus tytleri, Blyth; Journ.As. Soc. Beng. xxxii. 1869" p. 88.
—— flavipunctatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 270.
—— striolatus, Theob. Cut. Rept, As. Soc. Mus. p. 55 (1868).
— quincunciatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 224, and Icon. Gén. e+ i. (1868); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. . xxxix. 1870, p. 190;
(1879) ; Boettg. Ber. Offenb. Ver. Naturk. 1888, p. 76.
—— piscator, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 319, fig. (1890).
Eye rather small, shorter than its distance from the nostril in the adult. Rostral visible from above; internasals much narrowed
anteriorly, subtriangular, with the anterior angle truncated, as long ~
as the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals or a little shorter; loreal nearly as long as deep ; one pre-and three (rarely four) postoculars; temporals 242 or 2+3 (rarely 1+2); nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly keeled, of two or three outer rows smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 125-150; anal divided; subcaudals 70-90. Yellowish or pale ‘olive above, with black spots or stripes ; two oblique black streaks, one below and the other behind the eye. Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 300. dia, Burma, Southern China, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula and
ipelago.
‘A. Above with black spots arranged quincuncially ; these spots may be so large as to occupy nearly the whole upper surface, the animal appearing black with small yellowish spots; belly uniform yellowish.
a,b. Hgr. 2 (V. 148, 150; — Sind. Messrs. vy. Schlagin- C. 87,?). tweit Ot c,d. 2 (V. 150, 141; C.?, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.}. py eS. Yg.(V.141,134; O.?,?) Benares. Dr. Sa: 4" A FW. 140; C. 90) & Madras. Sir WE i PP. . (V. 136; C, 84). i. ¥;. (V. 136; C. 84). Madras. J. E. Boileau, rik [P.}. k,l. gf (V.141; C.?)& yg. Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.). (V. 138; C. 85). ~ m. 9 (V.147;C.71). . Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.}. * ie a 133; 6 87) Nene E. W. Oa ] o. Her. d (V. ; C. 87). ‘ear Toungoo, E. W. Oates, Esq.[P.}. p- ois 143; C.?). Singapore, Gen. itantwicke TP] qr. 2 (V. 145, 147; C.73, Java. Dr. Horsfield. 83).
Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 821
_. eee ee hh Se (Oe = - - ., ad --. # a ‘ ae Vs ~~ Lae | “y 0" 4 - _« ‘ at
re
232 COLUBRID ®.
B. Above with black spots arranged quincuncially ; ventral shields edged with black.
s. 2 (V. 141; C. 70). Canton. Haslar Collection. t-u. 2 (V. 136, 185; C.?, ?). Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}, v. 9 (V. 138; C. P). Camboja. M. Mouhot |C.]. w. do (V. 130; C. 79). Pinang. Dr. Cantor;
x. Hgr. ¢ (V. 184; C. 75). Java. Dr. Horsfield.
y. Skull. Java.
C. Above with black stripes, four on the nape, five on the body; ventral shields edged with black. (7'. melanozostus, Boie.)
z. 9 (V. 145; C.?). Borneo. a, Yg. (V. 141; C. 70). Java.
33. Tropidonotus asperrimus. (P.iare XV. fig. 2.)
Tropidonotus quincunciatus, var., Giinth. Cat. p. 66 (1858), and A Brit. Ind. p. 261 (1864) ; F. Miill. Verh, nat. Ges. Basel, viii. 1887, . 264. ake piscator, part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 349 (1890).
F. Mill. Festschr. nat. Ges. Basel, 1892, p. 204.
Very closely allied to 7. piscator, but scales very strongly keeled, the keels forming sharp, strongly raised, continuous lines lade the hinder part of the body and on the tail; only the outer row of scales smooth. Ventrals 130-146; subcaudals 64-95. Anterior half of body pale olive or reddish, with two series of more or less distinct alternating large roundish or rhomboidal, dark olive or brown, black-edged spots, which are partly confluent on the vertebral line and sometimes form a sinuous band; posterior part of body uniform dark olive, or olive with blackish spots arranged quincuncially ; two oblique black lines, one below, the other behind the eye; lower arts uniform yellowish. Total length 820 millim.; tail 210.
Ceylon. a-b,c-d. 2 (V.131; C.64) Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
& yg. (V. 138, 137, 142; )
rear Rey Hie 81) Near Cand Capt. G P é. . 141; C. 81). ear Candy. apt. Gaseoigne | P. Wf. Be Ww. 148; C. 83). Punduloya, 4000 ft. E.E. Green, Hs ‘ +t g. Yg. (V. 187; C.?). Ceylon. Sir A. Smith [P.}. h. Yg. (V. 181; C. 85) Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C.]. i. d (V. 183; C, 85 Ceylon. Zoological Society. kl, m-n, 2 (V. 137, 146; Ceylon.
C.?, 83), hgr. (V. 138;
C.?), & yg. (V. 187;
C. 7]).
asperrimus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 281;
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 233
34. Tropidonotus annularis.
Tropeevee annularis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 151; inth. Cat. p. 67 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 261 (1864); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 223.
—— chinensis, Berthold, Gitting. achr. 1859, p. 180.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; nasal usually semidivided ; internasals longer than broad, much narrowed anteriorly, as long as or longer than the preefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as deep as long or longer; one preocular; two +one subocular; temporals 2+3 (rarely 143); eight or nine upper labials, fourth or fifth (rarely fourth and fifth) entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very strongly keeled, of outer row smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 145-161; anal divided ; subcaudals 54-69. Olive above, with small black spots ; labials yellow, with black sutures; sides and lower parts yellow or red, with regular black cross bands, which may be interruphed s in the middle.
Total length 820 millim. ; tail 150.
China.
a-d. 2 (V. 148, 147, 145; Mountains North of A. E, Pratt, Esq.[C.}.
“4 @) »?) & yg. (V. 153; Kiu Kiang.
Ye. 151; C. 57). a Kiang. Mr. Fortune [C.}.
161; C. 60). Ningpo. a (V. 147, 153; C.?, Formosa. R.Swinhoe, Esq.[C.}. ).
35. Tropidonotus tessellatus.
Coronella tessellata, Laur. Syn. Rept -P 87 (1768).
Coluber hydrus, Pall. Reise, i. p. 459 (1771) ; Daud. . Vi. p. 438 (1803) ; Pall Zoogr. eager 4 ig 36 OLD , Mém. Sav. Etr, Ac. St. Péterab. iii. 1837, p. L. i. figs. 1-7.
—— tessellatus, Bonnat. Encycl. Méth., Dphiol.p. 60 (1790) ; Mikan, in Sturm, Deutschl. Faun. iii. Heft 4, pl. a ); Frivaldsky, Mon, Serp. Hung. p. 46 (1825).
hydrophilus, Lindaker, Abh, Bohm, Ges, Wiss. i. 1791, p. 128.
Enhydris caspia, Oken, Lehrb, Naturg. iii. p. 232 (1816
ert gabinus, Metava, Mon. Serp. Rom. p. 34, pl. —. fig. 1
).
Tropidonotus tessellatus, » Wagl. Syst. A 179 (1830).
Coluber ponticus, Pail, om Ross.-Aa. iii. “¥ si
Tropidonotus hydrus, Biche, “igs . iii. hex M72 ass} Nordm. poche
Voy. Russ, Mér, iii, . pl. x. (1840); Bichw. Fanti Oite.-Couc, . 110, pl: xelv, (sty 3 Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 564 oval Samy Cat. p. 63 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. Seo ; Anders. Proc, Zool. Soe. 872, p. 394; Strauch, Schl.
p- i59 (1878); Blanf. Zool. B. Pers. p. 419 (1876), and
he
2% COLUBRID.
2nd Yark,. Miss., ~ p. 28 (1878) ; W. L. Sclater, Journ, As. Soe. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 240.
Tropidonotus tantalus, Lichw., 1. ce. p. 173.
gracilis, Zichw. 1. ¢.
Coluber reticulatus, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 71 (1832).
Natrix gabina, Bonap. Faun. Ital. (1833),
tessellata, Bonap. l.c. (1834), :
Tropidonotus viperinus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 325, pl. xii. tigs. 14 & 15 (1837); ra § Baby vit p- 560 (1804), P
fo (Trogeceneae) elaphoides, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. iii. 1838, p. §
Tropics scutatus (non Pail.), Lichw. Faun, Casp.-Caue. p. 108, pl. xxiii.
—— tessellatus, Berthold, in Wagn, Reise n. Kolchis, p, 335 (1850) ; Jan, Arch, f. Nat. 1859, p. 274; Jeitteles, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xii. 1862, p. 283; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 534; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 219; Noll, Zool. Gart, 1869, p. 299; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 165, pl. i. (1872); Steind. Verh. zovl.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxiv. i874, 47); De Betta, Faun. Ttal., Rett, Anf. p.47 (1874); Schreib. He rp. Eur. p. 231 (1875); Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1879-80, p. 160; Bedriaga, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1881, p. 290; Leydig, Abh. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 174; Boettg. in Radde, Faun, Casp.-Geb. p. 71 (1886) ; Noll, Zool. Gart, 1888, e 242; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb, iii, 1888, p. 984 ; Camerano, Mon. Ofid.
tal., Colubr. p.23 (1891); Méhely, Beitr. Mon. Kronstadt, Herp. p- 35 (1892), oe Pecans 3c part., Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxiii. 1855,
— tessellatus, var. flavescens, Werner, Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xli. 1891, p. 766.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from ~
above; nasal usually semidivided; internasals usually as long as broad or longer, subtriangular, truncate in front, as long or nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreals as deep as long or longer ; two (rarely one or three) preoculars, with or without
a small subocular below ; three postoculars, often with one or two —
suboculars below; temporals 14+2; eight (rarely seven) upper labials ; fourth (third) or fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 160-197 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 48-86. Olive or olive-grey above, uniform or with dark spots usually arranged quincuncially ; a more or less distinct A-shaped dark band on the nape; upper labials yellowish, with dark sutures; lower parts yellow or red, marbled or checkered with black, or nearly entirely black.
Total length 1058 millim.; tail 200,
Italy, Switzerland south of the Alps, Middle Rhine and Moselle Valleys, Bohemia, and the whole of South-eastern Europe; South- western and Central Asia.
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
A. Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye. a. Hgr. 2 (V. 172; C. 56). Ivrea, Aoste Valley, re M. G. Peracca
Italy. ‘ b. gS (V. 166; 0.68). Galilee. Canon Tristram fot ef. 3 (V. 167 170; C.?, Lake Phiala, under Cope arenes C 63) & ot, (¥. 167,169; Mt. Hermon. A 3 (V 68; C.66)& Q Merom. Canon Tristram [C.]}. (V. 163. , 169 ; C, 48, 50), k. 2 (V. 163; ©. 51). Jerusalem, Canon Tristram [C. ]. i-m. 5 (V. 171, 177); C. Mesopotamia. Commander Jones.
70, 69). B. Fourth (exceptionally third) labial entering the eye.
n. 2 (V. 166; C. 66).
Lake Trasimene, nr.
OOPS M. G, Peracca
: Perugia, Tuscany. ss a - V. 172; ©. ?). Italy. Pit ianconi [ P. p (V. 166; C. 64). Baden, near Vienna. Dr. F. Werner | P. |. zt (V. 167; C. 62). Hungary. me. ras Russell d P » #. 2 (V.178; C. 54). Odessa. s. Hgr. 2 (Vv. 176; C. 61), Elizabethpol. St. hegiatian Mus. "ES (V. 187; C. 77). Anan, Mazandaran, wi T. Blanford, Esq. North of Teheran. E
u. d (V. 170; C. 77). Enzeli, on the Cas-
w T Blanford, Esq. pianSea,N.Persia. = [E.}.
v.g¢ (V. 176; C, 64). Persia.
w-x, yx fg (V. 166; C. Fao, South of Bu- W.D.Cumming,Esq. a Ne 168, C. 60), shire, » Persian [P.).
. 162, 159; Gulf.
Pa 8 iy 178,170; C. 69, Mesopotamia. Commander Jones. 69), 2 (V. 163; c. 62), & yg. . 185; C. 79). .
e¢. d (V. 178; C. 62) & Euphrates Expedi- yg. (V. 168; C. 61). tion.
. 3 (V. 182; C. 68). Kuldja, Rev. H. LansdellfC, 4.3 (V. 182; C. 72). Kashgar. Rev. H. Lansdell|C.}. .
36. Tropidonotus viperinus. ? Colaer maurus, Linn, S. N.i. p. 379 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 148
Odaber inus, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 49, pl. — (1802) ; ent 2 t. vii. p. ye. 13 (1808) Digs, Arm. Be. Nat. (2) i 1835, be aint 9 —— Wagl. in ie Serp. . p. 29, hey Xe te 2
—— ocellata, Wagl. le. 82, i eae, 1, Teles) Je viperinus, Boie, . 534; Giinth. Cat. p. 62 Jan, Arch, f. Nat. 1859, p- 974) ‘Strauch, Erp. Aig. p. 59 363), De Betta, | Atti Ist. Ven. (2) x. "1865, p- 588; Jan, Arch Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. ce Leggy Gén. %, pl. vi. (1867) ; — pain ier cis Et. Serp . 15 (1868) ; Fatio, Vert. val 157 (1872) ; De. i ‘aun. Ttal., . Anf. p. 48 “a7 reib, Herp. Eur. p. 296 (1875) ; Lataste, sien: Gir.
236 COLUBRID,
eg (1876); Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges, xiii..1883, p. 101; De
etta, Atti Ist. Ven. (7) i. 1883, p. 934; Bedriaga, Amph. et Rept. de Portug. p.71 (1890) ; Camerano, Mon, Ofid. Ital., Colubr. p. 30 (1891); Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soe, xiii, 1891, p. 149.
Tropidonotus oppelii, Bote, 1. ¢.
tessellatus, Eats Wagl, Syst. Amph. p. 179 (1830).
Natrix viperina, Bonap. Faun. Ital. (1834) ; Gené, Mem. Ace. Torin. (2) i. 1839, p. 269, pls. ii. & iii.
parte Phi ger var, aurolineatus, Gervais, Ann. Sc. Nat. (2) vi.
836, p
To idonotus viperinus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 325 (1887) ; Fe § Bibr. vii. p. 560 (1854 leg her:
—_— Gcronella) ret "Biche. N. Mém. Soc, Nat. Moscou, ix. 1851, p. 440.
—— chersoides vel ocellatus, Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 562; Lataste, CR. Soc, Linn. Bord. 1874, p. elxxiii.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal usually semidivided ; internasals as long as broad or longer, subtriangular, truncate in front, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as deep as long, or a little deeper; one or two preoculars; two postoculars ; temporals 14+2 or 1+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled, in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals 147-160; anal divided ; subcandals 47-72. Grey, brown, or reddish above, with a black zigzag dorsal band and a lateral series of black ocellar spots with a yellow centre; a more or less distinct oblique dark band on the temple, and another on each side of the nape; labials yellow, with black sutures; belly yellow or red, checkered with black, or entirely black.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 170.
* France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, Barbary.
A. Typical form.
a-b. 3 (V. 148; C. 59) & Tanaro Valley,Pied- Count M.G, Peracea yg. (V. 150; . O 58). mont. [PA. e-d. Hgr. d (V.151; C.?) Sardinia. Count M. G. Peracca & 9 (V. 186; 0. 54). (P.} e. Yg. (V. 148; Oo. 53). Albufera de Valen- Lord Lilford [P.]. cia, Spain. f 3 (V. 151; C.'64), Seville. e M. V.L. Seen i. 5 (V. 155; C. 56), 2 Alemtejo, Portugal. Dr. H. Gadow [C.), V. 151; C. 47), & yg. (V. 58; C. 58 kl. 3 (V. 167, 151; C.61, Serra de Gerez, 8. Dr. H. Gadow [C.]. 61). Portugal. m-n. Hgr. dg (V. 152; OC. Tangier. Mr. Fraser [€.]. ne 5), her. 2 (V. 154; ; o-p. 9 (V. ag C. 57) & Tangier. M. H. Vaucher [C.).
ye. (V. 157; O. 51).
= — _—
ad | we “FF 7 a ’
10, TRoPIDONOoTUS, 237
q- 2 (Sc. 23; V.155; 0.53). Hamman R’irha, Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
Algeria. r-8. 6 Oy (V. 158, 150; C. St. Barbe, Algeria. Dr.R.Blanchard [P.}. £8. 153; C. 50). Biskra. g. (V. 152; C. 33), Tuggurt, Algerian Dr.R.Blanchard [ P.). ahara. wy. 9 (V.152, 154; C. 50, Tunis. + Mr. Fraser [C.}. 47), )y her. $ Q (Vv. 151; C. to.) 50), & (V.147; C. 51). &. z (se38; V. 157 ; N. Africa. Zoological Society. a. ‘Shall Algeria.
B. Two sallbw or reddish longitudinal dorsal lines in addition to the usual markings. (J. ocellata, Wagl., C. aurolineatus, Gerv., T. oppelii, Boie, 7’. chersoides, D. & B.)
a. Hgr. 3 (V. 149; C.?). Mountain streamsof Col. Irby [P.]. Algeciras.
b. d (V. 155; C. 72). Alemtejo, Portugal. Dr. H. Gadow [C.).
c. $ V. 154; C. 53), Tangier. Mr. Fraser [C {o.}
d. Yg. (V. 157; C. 62). St. Barbe, Algeria. Dr.R.Blanc [P.}.
e. 2 (V. 153; C. 49). Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.}.
f. & (V. 154; C. 59). Duirat, Tunisia. Dr. J. pectic (Pi
37. Tropidonotus validus.
pegs vs rate, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 334; Cope, Bull. ‘us. no. 32, p. 74 (1887). ieee leno, Cope, Proc. Ac. ‘hitad. 1860, p. 341, and 1861,
— eclidiglone’, Ors & velidme> 342 Coues, Wheeler's Rep. Surv. W. 100th Mer. v. De | Sides 3 wey aay (1875). — rialis, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb, (2)iii. 1879, p. 82, I. 1. Te Ete var. validus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28 (1883). — sirtalis, var. quadriserialis, Garm. J. c. p. 140. ¥ atm quadriserialis, Cope, Bull. US. Nat. Mus, no, 32, p, 74 (
Neuis vallds, Cope, Pros. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 670.
_ Eyes rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal usually semidivided; internasals much narrowed in front, longer than broad, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep, or longer; one or two prm- and three (rarely two) postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 1+3; eight upper
labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials. in in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 (rarely 21) rows, outer row faintly keeled. Ventrals 136-147; anal divided; subcaudals 66-83. Greyish or olive-brown above, uniform or with longi-
238 COLUBRID.
tudinal series of small blackish spots; lower parts uniform yellowish. .
Total length 810 millim. ; tail 190.
Mexico; Lower California ; Arizona and Utah.
a-g, h,t. g (V. 138; ©.?), Presidio, W. Mexico. Mr. A. Forrer [C.]. 9 (V. 14, 143, 141, 142, 142, 139; 'C. 70, 77, 68, 69, ?, 68), & hgr. (V. 136, 143; C. 76, 66).
38. Tropidonotus clarkii.
Tropidonotus fasciatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 323 (1837). ~ Regina clarkii, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 48 (1853). Tropidonotts fasciatus, var. iv., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 578 (1854). medusa, Giinth. Cat. p. 78 (1858).
—— clarkii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p.74; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 231, and Icon, Gén. 27, pl, vi. fig. 1 (1868) ; A, K. Fisher, Am. Nat. 1887, p. 672.
ornatus, Jan, 1. ¢. p. 218.
—— liberis, var. clarkii, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p, 142 (1883).
Natrix clarkii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 669.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; nasal usually semidivided; internasals much narrowed in front, as long as broad or longer, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one prw- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 1+38; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the" anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, strongly keeled, outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals 129-132; anal divided; subcaudals 57-70. Dark brown or blackish olive above, with three yellowish stripes; blackish or reddish brown inferiorly, with a yellow lateral stripe and a median series of yellow triangular spots, which may be confluent into a stripe.
Total length 830 millim. ; tail 190.
Florida, Louisiana, Texas.
a. 9 (V.181; C. 65). Pensacola, Florida. C. Bollman, Esq. [C.}.
b. 2 (V. 131; C. 70). Texas, ¢. Yo (V.131; C.?). . N, America, (Types of 7’. medusa.)
39. Tropidonotus compressicauda.
Nerodia compressicauda, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 335.
Tropidonotus ustus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 340.
compsolemus, Cope, l. c. p. 368.
—— compressicaudus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 74; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 27 (1883).
— compressicaudus walkeri, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. 1883, p. 154, ;
ee we. / ae | .
10. rRoPrponotvs. 239
Natrix usta, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 392. —— compressicauda, Cope, /. c., and xiv, 1892, p. bi, —— compressicauda bivittata, Cope, Ul. cc.
Allied to 7. validus and 7’, clarkii. Frontal shield broad ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two or three postoculars; a single _ anterior temporal; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, strongly keeled, outer row feebly keeled. Ventrals 126-137 ; anal divided; subcaudals 66-81. Tail compressed at the base. Dark greyish brown above, much spotted and dotted with yellowish, or with blackish markings; belly brown or red, with yellow spots, or yellow with two lines of black blotches. Florida.
40. Tropidonotus septemvittatus.
Coluber septemvittatus, Say, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. 1825, p. 240; - Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 118 (1835). ‘ Tropidonotus leberis, Holbr, N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 49, pl. xiii. (1842) ; ; , NV. Y. Faun., Rept. p. 45, pl. xi. fig. 23 (1842); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 579 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p.78 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. An, Phys. iii, 1865, p. 229, and Icon. Gén. 27, pl. v. fig. 2 Oe); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 27, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1883). Loy pedlggsatg Baird § Gir, Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1858); H. : Bull. Illin. Lab, iii, 1892, p. 272. Natrix leberis, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, scarcely distinct from neck, Eye rather: small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided ;
the prefrontals; frontal hardly once and a half ‘as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ;
te two pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, +s third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact a with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. ca Seales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 140-151; anal
divided ; subcaudals 64-86. Olive-brown above, with or without three darker dorsal stripes ; a yellowish lateral streak along the first and second rows of scales ; upper lip yellowish ; belly yellowish, with four brown stripes, the two median of which may be broken up into spots.
Total length 690 millim. ; tail 160.
United States east of the Mississippi and Texas,
a-b. Hgr. g (V.143; C.77) Bloomington, Indiana. C. eet
anit 4
“<=
& 2 (V. 146; C. 67).
cg. o +; 140, 146, 145; C. N. America. . 79, 73, ?), V. 161;3'0, 73), & yg. (V. 141; C. 67).
_— —*» as a Sie — od Te ee
internasals small, as long as broad, as longas ora little shorter than __
240 COLUBRID.
41. Tropidonotus rigidus.
Coluber rigidus, Say, Journ. Ac. Philad. iv. 1825, p. 239; Harl. Med. Phys. Res. p. 118 (1835).
Tropidonotus rigidus, Holbr, N, Am. Herp. iv. p. 39, pl. x. (1842) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 577 (1854).
Regina rigida, Baz rd j § Gans Cat, oy. Am, Rept. p. 46 (1853),
Tropidonotus leberis, var. rigidus, Jan, Arch. Deol. Anat, Phys. iii. 1865, p. 230; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28 (1883).
Natrix rigida, Cope, Proc, US. Nat. “Mus . Xlv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, scarcely distinct from neck ; snout very short. Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided ; internasals small, broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row smooth, second feebly keeled. Ventrals 132-142; anal divided ; subcaudals 51-71. Olive-brown above, with or without a pair of blackish dorsal stripes; upper lip and lower parts yellow; two series of black spots along the belly, confluent into one anteriorly ; a black line along the middle of the tail.
Total length 510 millim. ; tail 120.
United States, east of the Mississippi.
a. Yg.(V.141; C.61). Pensacola, Florida. C. Bollman, Esq. [C.]. uo ev. 142; 0. 62). N. America. Lord Ampthill P.).
42. Tropidonotus grahami.
Regina amii, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. 47 1853) ; ¥ Ace Bull. Iilin. Lab, iii. 1892, p. 273. me aie Tropidonotus grahamii, part., Giinth. ‘Cit p- 78 (1858). —— grahamii, Cope, Proc, Ae, Philad. 1861, p. 297. eberis, var. grahamii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p- ~ p.229, and Icon, Gén. 27, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868) ; Garm. N. Am. Rept. p- 28 ( 1883). Netrix grahamii, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 668.
Head small, not distinct from neck. Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal semidivided ; inter- nasals narrow, longer than broad, as long as the prefrontals or a little shorter ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper; two pre- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 14+2,; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 or 21 rows, very strongly keeled, outer row feebly or
‘*
te
oo” ee? ae
10. TRoPrmonorts. 241
faintly keeled. Ventrals 156-173; anal divided; subcaudals 45- 65. Olive-brown above, uniform or with a lighter black-edged vertebral stripe; a broad yellowish or pale olive, black-edged stripe along the three outer rows of scales; upper lip and lower parts yellowish, with or without a median black line or series of spots along the belly and tail.
Total } 880 millim.; tail 130.
North America, from Wisconsin and Michigan to Louisiana and Texas; North Mexico.
a. Yg. (Se. 19; V. 157; C. 55). New Orleans. b. 9 (Se. 91; V. 158; 0,52). N. America. © Se. 19; V. 163; C. 45). Mexico. d-e. 2 (Se. 21; V. 168, 153; —~>:
C. 53, 68).
43, Tropidonotus ferox.
ee mortuarius (non Daud.), am ae p- 96 (1820).
idonotus mortuarius, Schleg. 8. . li. p. 330 (1 :
eee da Pholed. 1868, p. 309. s ai ag dee >.
— ferox, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 355, pl. vi.
"fig. F, and (4) ix. 1872, p. 27; F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Peasel, vil. 1885, p. 682.
Helicops mortuarius, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii, 1865, p. 246, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. i. fig. 2 (1868).
Eye rather small. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; nasal semidivided; internasals much narrowed in front, with concave outer border, as long as or longer than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper; one or two
and two postoculars ; two ,to four suboculars, separating the eye from the labials; temporals 142; nine upper labials; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales very strongly keeled, in 21 to 27 rows. Ventrals 137-155; anal divided; subcaudals 60-73. Dark olive or reddish brown above, with or without black transverse spots ; belly yellowish or bright orange, usually with a lateral series of black spots ; the ventral shields may be partly or entirely edged with black.
Total length 750 millim. ; tail 175.
West Africa,
A. Scales in 21 rows. a. § (V.147; 0.73). Fernando Po. (Type.) B. Scales in 23 rows. b. Her. (V.189; C.70). Adjah Bippo, Wassau, G. A. Higle ‘ dita, oom Oo ae ce. d (V. s 6. town R. Di fC. 9 ap 161; 6 , : oer Eee
ye. (V. 150; ©. 6). VoL. 1. R
- a &
Fae?
242 COLUBRID &.
C. Scales in 25 rows. F2, fe) 4A 149, 146; Freetown, SierraLeone. R. Dinzey, Esq. [C.]. . 60, 64). D. Scales in 27 rows. h. 9 (V. 152; C.?). Freetown, Sierra Leone. R. Dinzey, Esq. [C.}.
44. Tropidonotus anoscopus.
Tropidonotus anoscopus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 299. Natrix anoscopus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 673.
Snout short, obtuse. Rostral shield twice as broad as deep; internasals small, very narrow anteriorly ; frontal elongate; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars; a single anterior temporal ; eye separated from the labials by a series of small sub- oculars; nine upper labials. Scales in 23 rows, all keeled except those of the first row. Ventrals 143; anal divided; subcaudals 73. Dark plumbeous brown above, with blackish vertical bars, alternate
‘upon each side ; beneath dirty brownish white, each shield brown at
the base. Total length 355 millim. ; tail 90. Cuba.
45. Tropidonotus fasciatus.
Coluber fasciatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 378 (1766); Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. ii. pl. lviii. (1771) ; Daud. Rept. vii. p. 184 (1803) ; Hart. Med. Phys. Res. p. 120 (1835).
—sipedon, Linn, t. ce. p. 379; Daud. t. c. p. 148; Harl. 1. e, p- 114; Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass. p. 8 (1839).
—— erythrogaster, Catesby, t. c. pl. xlvi.
—— porcatus, Latr. Rept. iv. p. 82, pl. — (1802); Daud. ¢. ¢. p- 3 Hari. l. ce. p. 119.
Tropidonotus fasciatus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Holbr. N. Am. _— iv. p. 25, y. v. (1842); Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 566 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 76 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 221, and Icon. Gién. 26, pl. iii. (1868).
—— porcatus, Boie, 1. ¢.
Coluber cauda-schistosus, Hari. 1. c. p. 124. ©
Tropidonotus fasciatus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 823 (1837).
Coluber peecilogaster, Wied, Reise N. Am. i. p. 106 (1839).
Tropidonotus sipedon, Holbr. 1. ¢. aS 29, pl. vi.; Dekay, N. York
aun., Rept. p. 42, pl. xiv. fig. 31 (1842); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 25, pl. il. fig. 3 (1883).
oa iasgey9 olbr. 1. c. p. 33, pl. vii.
—— niger, Holbr. 1. c. p. 37, pl. ix.
—— rhombifer, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p.177 ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 298; Jan, il. ce. p. 222, pl. iv. fig. 2.
ced | Hallow. |. c.; Garm. Bull, Essex Inst, xxiy. 1892,
p- ; J
Nerodia sipedon, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 38 (1858);
“H, Garm. Bull. Tilin, Lab. iii. 1892, p. 269.
pg fasciata, Baird § Gar. Z, c, Pp 39,
-
ro a
=...
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 243
Nerodia 4 Or oe a. Le. p. 40.
— wooded Bid ir ia a
— at r.le, wet
a seen G Gir Loo 1a?.
—— rhombifer, Baird § Gir. 1. c. p. 147.
—— transversa, Baird § Gir. Le. Spee
on nias, Dum. § B . 574.
—— obliqu allow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 856, p- 248; Garm, Bull. Essex Seah” xxiv. cers eye
—— cyclopion, part., Giinth
Mecudia ctvakd, Keeniout reds Po Philad. 1860, p. 335. [
Tropidonotus couchii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 342.
— woodhousii, Cope, 1. c.; Jan, ll. cc. p. 222, pl iv. fig. 1,
—— bisectus, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. pr x. 1887, p. 146.
Natrix fasciata, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1588, p. 392, and xiv. -Pearedhe
— bisecta, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 670,
—— fasciata pleuralis, Cope, /. c. p. 672.
—— rhombifera, Cope, /. c. p. 673.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals much narrowed in front, as long as broad or a little longer, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and . two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from : the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper ; one (rarely two) pr- said three (rarely two) post- oculars ; temporals 14+2 or 1+3; eight upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 23 to 27 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 128-154; anal divided ; _ Total length 1100 millim; tail 240.
North America east of the Rocky Mountains ; Central America,
A. (Forma typica.) Brown above, with a dorsal row of large trans- verse blackish spots and an alternating series of smaller spots on each side, or with dark brown cross bands ; belly sotted with black or brown. Scales in 23 or 25 rows.
a. § (Sc. 23; V. 143; 0.75). Canada. 7, Creitenanta Esq. b. 2 (Se. 23; V. 146; 0. 65). Canada. Ofcact he Chatham e-d. Yg. (Se. 25; V. 136, Bloomington, ©. Bo C.
st Ga eon 36, eee "Bollman; Eg. [ } e. Hgr. (Sc. 25; V.130; C.?), Florida. ae “4 fg, Her. (Se. 285 V,. 182 New Orleans.
C. 72) oe (Se. 23 ee Ye (86. e638 V. 149, New Orleans, M. Sallé (C.},
a 2 B
Wwe, ) 2
k-n. o (Sc. 23; V. 189; 0.?), Cartago, Costa 2 aS 28; V. 134; C.P), Rica. & hgr. (Sc. 23, 25; V. 142, 139; C. ?, 63). : .
0, p, g. Skulls. United States.
B. (Var. sipedon.) The dorsal spots as in the preceding but much paler, the interspaces between them appearing as narrow trans- verse light bands margined with black; belly with pale brown blotches. Scales in 23 rows.
a. Q (Sc. 23; V. 189; 0.68). Pennsylvania. es es Institution b. d (Sc, 28; V. 188;.C. 75). N. America, Lord Ampthill [P.}.
C. (Var. erythrogaster.) Brick-red or dark brown above, uniform red or copper colour beneath. Scales in 23 or 25 rows.
a. Q (Se.25; V. 152; C.64). Illinois. — Institution D. (Var. rhombifer.) Pale brown above, with three alternating series of transverse dark brown spots, the median not larger than the
lateral ; these spots may be connected by dark brown meshes ; belly with brown spots. Scales in 25 or 27 rows.
a. & (Sc. 26; V.144; 0.77). New Orleans. M. Sallé [C.}. b. Yg. (Se.27; V. 140; C. 76). New Orleans.
ec. Yg. (Sce.27; V. 136; C.58). Louisiana,
d. Yg. (Se.25; V.188; C. 66). Mexico.
E. Like the preceding, but spots paler and smaller; belly imma- culate.
a-f,g,h-k. § (Se. 25; V.143; Mexico. G81), 2 (Se. 25, 26, 25, 25, 25, 27; V. 141, 143, 139, 140, 141, 142; C. 66, 69, 67, 71, 68, 67), & yg. (Se. 25, 27, 25; V. 138, 137, 147; C. 71, ?, 82). 1. g (Se. 25; V. 148; C.?). Tampico, Mexico. Mr. Richardson [C.]. F. D. Godman, [P.}. 46. Tropidonotus cyclopium.
Tropidonotus cyclopion, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 576 (1854); Giinth. Cut, p- 77 (1858); Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, ’; 299 ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 223, and Icon. Gién, 26, pl. v. figs. 2 & 3, and pl. vi. (1868); Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 26, pl. ii. fig. 4 (1883).
— Mpa iar part., Giinth. Cat. p. 248.
Natrix cyclopium, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p, 673.
Nerodia cyclopium, i Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab, iii, 1892, p. 271.
Closely allied to 7. fasciatus, but eye separated from the labials
by two or three suboculars, and scales in 29 to 31 rows. Ventrals 132-150 ; anal divided; subcaudals 60-79. Dark olive above, with
= -_ s
©
ee ee ee ee
ee
10. TROPIDONOTUS. 245
five longitudinal ‘alternating series of blackish ; lower parts dark brown spotted with yellow, or yellow spotted with brown.
Total length 930 millim. ; tail 220. United States east of the Mississippi, as far north as Ohio.
oS (Se. 29; V. 138; C. 64). New Orleans. b. Yg.
(Se. 29; V. 132; C.79). Lake Kerr, Florida. A. Erwin Brown,
e. Yg. (Se. 31; V. 136; 0.73). Florida. Smithton In- a. 2 (Sc. 29; V. 187; C. 69). United States,
47. Tropidonotus taxispilotus. ee taxispilotus, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. iv. p. 35, pl. viii. ne Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 605 (1854); Jan, Arch. . Anat, 8. lii. 1865, p. 222, and Icon, Gén. 26, pl. v. fig. 1 (1868); Garm, N. Am. Rept. p. 26 (1883). Nerodia taxispilota, Baird & Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 43 (1858). Seg ryan taxisp ase” var. brocki, Heilprin, Explor. Florida, . 129, pl. xvii. ; Natrix taispilote, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat, Mus. xi. 1889, p. 392. Head small; eye rather small. lRostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals narrow, as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout; parietals very short, broken up into scales posteriorly ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 2+4 or 5 (or 143); eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales in 29 to 33 rows, strongly keeled, outer row more or less distinctly keeled. Ventrals 130-144; anal divided; subcaudals 70-83. Brown above, with three alternating series of large quadrangular dark brown spots; lower parts whitish, spotted or marbled with brown, the brown colour usually predominating. Total length 1310 millim. ; tail 300. Eastern United States from New York to Florida.
a-b. 2 (Se. 31; V. 139; C. 73), N. America. Lord Ampthill [P.
& yg. (Se. 31; V. 139; C. 83). (P} c-d. g (Se. 31, 31; V. 136,136; Savannah, Paris Museum [P.]. C. 70, ?). Georgia.
Ill. Awpuresma.—Maxillary teeth not more than 30, last two or three abruptly enlarged.
Fig. 15.
oe NN
Maxillary of Tropidonotus tigrinus,
a on
_
we
946 COLUBRID.
48. Tropidonotus sexlineatus. Dromicus sexlineatus, Giinth. Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) ix. 1882, p. 264, fig. —— macrocercus, Giinth, 1... p. 265, Lente nam Fischer, Jahrb. Hamb. naturw, Anst. i, 1884, p. 86, pl. iii
Eye rather small, Rostral nearly as deep as broad, visible from above; internasals broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long ; one (rarely two) pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 143-157; anal divided; subcaudals 72 (2) to 152(¢). Tail of male nearly half the total length, of female two sevenths. Olive-brown above, darker on the vertebral region ; a dark brown or black lateral band from the end of the snout, through the eye, to the angle of the mouth ; two other more or less distinct lateral streaks, on each side, one above and one below, the latter bordering the ventrals ; upper lip yellowish; lower parts yellowish, uniform or black-spotted.
Total length 1060 millim.
Madagascar.
a-c. 9 (V. 146, 147, E. Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.]. wes C. 73, 76, 78). (Types. .)
d-f. (V. 152, 157, E. Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.]. 154; C. 152, 150, ). (Types of D. pa
g- 2 (V. 146; C. 77). Betsileo. ‘Rev. G. Shaw [C
h. 2 (V. 145; C. 72). Madagascar. Rey. R. Baron [C.]
t. g (V.157; C. 110). Madagascar.
k,l. 3 (V. 162; C. ?) East Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. &9(V. 1438; 0. 72).
49. Tropidonotus dolichocercus. Dromicus dolicocercus, Peracca, Bull. Mus. Torin. vii. 1892, no. 112,
pl. i. fig. 1.
Eye rather large. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter.than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as deep as long or deeper than long; one preocular; two or three postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 148-156 ; anal divided; subcaudals 97 (2) ,
«
~ — o
-
10, TRoPIDONOTUS, 247
to160(¢). Tail of female one third total length, of male two fifths.
Back blackish or dark grey, with scalloped edges ; a short yellowish
streak may be present on the middle of the nape; upper lip yellow,
edged with black above; one or two more or less distinct black
streaks along each side of the body and tail; belly black, separated
steph the range streak by a yellowish interspace or streak; lower of black in the type specimen, yellow in the specimen
in the Collection.
Total length 630 millim. ; tail 210.
Madagascar,
a. 2 (V. 148); C. 97). East Imerina. Rey, R, Baron [C.].
50. Tropidonotus stumpffi.
Leptophis lateralis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 544 (1854 Thence phis Intertia,” Jan, Took. Gén. 49, 7 ii. As 2 (sro, Dromicus stum ffi, Boettg. Zool. re 1881, p. 358, and Abh, Senck,
Ges, xii. 1881, p. 441, pl. i. fig. 2 sand (8) infrasignatus, Giinth. Ann, & Mag. N. H. (5) ix. 1882, p. 263, and (6) v. 1890, p- 70. Dromicus baroni, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 104, pl. v. fig. 5.
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as deep as long or a little deeper than long; one prmocular (nearly divided) not touching the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 147-169; anal divided; subcaudals 68-104. Olive or dark brown above, some of the scales with dark and light edges; usually two more or less distinct light streaks along the anterior portion of the body; upper lip yellowish; a black streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower parts yellowish, uniform or with black spots, which may be confluent into three longitudinal streaks.
Total length 940 millim. ; tail 210. Madagascar. :
a. Yg. (V.150; ©. 96). Nossi Bé. Senckenberg Mus. [E.]. (As we of D. stumpffi. b-d. 9 (V. 157, 155, Ankafana, Betsileo, v. W. D. Cowan 158; 2, 71, 68), [c. . ore, P. mm e. 9 (V. 151; C. 70). Madagascar. Rev. R. n [C.]. f-g. Ugr. d (V. 167, 7 ut ere (0 fe amatave, . Majastre [ O.}. So9; C, 104, 100). ]
248 COLUBRID.
h-i. Her. go (V. 168; Sahambendrana M, Majastre [C, ©.) 9 (V. 100; CO, Madagasear. Mae a . 91). k-m. av. 147, 148; Imerina, Rey. R. Baron [C.]. C. 75, 78) & Q
(V. 151; C. ?).
51. Tropidonotus lateralis. Leptophis lateralis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 544 (1854). Dromicus melanotus, var. ?, Giinth. Cat. p. 133 (1858). Thamnosophis lateralis, part., Jan, Elenco, p. 82 (1863). Dromicus madagascariensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872,
p- Aheetulla lateralis, Boettg. Abh. Senck. Ges, xi. 1877, p. 33. Philothamnus lateralis, Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges. xii, 1881, p. 526. J
Closely allied to the preceding, but eye not quite so large and frontal longer, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad; temporals 242, rarely 1+2.. Dark brown or blackish above, with a white lateral stripe extending to the end of the tail; upper lip and lower parts white, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral shield; belly rarely speckled with black.
Total length 570 millim.; tail 165.
Madagascar.
a,b. § (V.158; C.93)& 2 Madagascar. (Types of D. mada- (V. 168; C. ?). gascariensts. ) :
c,d. 3 (V. 165; C.?) & 2 ~ Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron [C.}. V. 151; C. 78).
ef. 5 (V.156; C.?) & Q East Imerina. Rey. R. Baron [C.]. (V. 162; C. ?).
g. 3 (V. 149; C. 91). —-? Zoological Society.
52. Tropidonotus platyceps.
Tropidonotus platyceps, Blyth, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 297 ; Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 162, and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 264, - xxii. fig. D (1864); Stolicezka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 191; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p.176; Theob. ace a Brit. Ind. p. 174 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 343 (1890).
Herpetoreas sieboldii, Giinth. ll. cc. pp. 156, 257; Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 54 (1868), and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 172 (1876).
Zamenis himalayanus, Steind. Sitzb. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. 1867, p. 518, pl. xiii. fig. 1.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little broader, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular (sometimes divided); two or three postoculars; temporals 14+1, or 142, or 2+42; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior, Scales in 19 rows,
.-
10. TRoPrDONoTUS. 249
faintly or feebly keeled. 177-235 ventrals; anal divided; sub- caudals 75-107. Olive-brown above, with small black spots; frequently two black parallel lines or an elliptic marking on the nape; a light, black-edged streak on each side of the head, or a black line from eye to gape; belly yellowish, with or without blackish dots; frequently a black line or series of elongate blackish spots along each side of the belly ; lower surface of tail frequently mottled with blackish; throat sometimes black. Total length 900 millim.; tail 230.
Himalayas and Khasi Hills.
a-d. 3 (V. 232; C.92) Cashmere, 10,000 feet. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [C.}. & 9 (V.217,212,204; FeV’ 906, 208 Nepal B. H. Hodgson, Esq
et. o ; epal. ' %, 102, 100). i.
g- & (V. 206; C.90). Sikkim. Messrs. a Se tweit[C.). (Typeo
H. a
Ai. 3 (V. 214, 177; Sikkim. Messrs. v. Schlagin- C. 86, 92). tweit [C.].
k-l. 3 (V. 202; 0.95) Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. & 2(V. 184; C. 98).
m-n. 3 (V. 196, 193; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. C. 107, ?)
53. Tropidonotus tigrinus.
Tropidonotus tigrinus, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 205; Schleg. Phys. ii. p. 315 (1837), and Faun. Japon., Rept. p. 85, iv. (1838); Giinth. Cat. p. 71 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 271 (1864); Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 176 (1873).
Amphiesma 4 Saag Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 732 (1854) ; Jan, Arch.
: = hys. iii. 1865, p. 233, and Icon. Gén, 29, pl. 1. fig. 2
(1868
Tropidonotus lateralis, Berthold, Gotting. Nachr. 1859, p. 180; Jan, U. ec. p. 220, Icon. 25, pl. v. fig. 1 (1867).
—— orientalis, Giinth. ae A cig “ig P, ¥~2 oe = § Mag. N. H. (3) ix. , p- pl. ix. fig. 3; oy. Preewalshi, Rept. p. 48 (1876). : .
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper; two pre- and three or four postoculars; temporals 1+2 (rarely 242); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 147-166; anal divided; subcaudals 55-84. Olive above, with more or less distinct black cross bands or large alternating spots; a series of light spots may be present on each side of the back ; a series of black and red spots on each side of the neck; upper lip yellowish, the sutures. between the shields
250 COLUBRID,
black ; a black spot or oblique streak below the eye, and a triangular black blotch or oblique band on the temple, descending to the angle of the mouth; a more or less distinct black nuchal collar ; lower parts yellowish or pale olive anteriorly, usually with a lateral series of black spots, olive-grey posteriorly spotted with black, or nearly entirely black.
Total length 890 millim. ; tail 200.
Mantchuria, China, Japan, Cochin China, Siam.
a-e. 3 (V. 162, 159, 158; Japan. C. 78, ?, 84) & 9(V. 163, 164; 0. 74,71).
f-h. 3 (V.160; C, 76) & 9 Kobe, Japan. ELMS. ‘Challenger,’ (V. 163, 166; C. 80, 72).
t. ¢ (V. 159; C. 63), Gensan, Corea. J. H. Leech, Esq. to ; k, l. g (V. 153; C. 63) & Peking. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.}. yg. (V. 164; C. 60). (Types of T. orientalis. ae do (V. 150,161,154; Chefoo. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. . 64, 57, 65) & Q (V. 157, C. ?). g. 2 (V. 160; CO. 55). Ningpo. r. 2 (V. 162; C. ?). Mountains north A. E, Pratt, Esq. [C.]. of Kiu Kiang. 8. 2 (V. 160; C, 56), Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.}.
54. Tropidonotus pryeri. ao pryeri, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1887, p. 149, pl. xviii.
Form slender. Eye rather large. Rostral broader than long, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid, as long as the preefrontals; frontal onee and two thirds as long as
broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little |
shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+2 (rarely 142); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 171-181; anal divided; subcaudals 114-128. Anterior part of body with large alternating black elongate spots, separated by a narrow stripe of pale olive on the vertebral line, by broader yellowish vertical bars on the sides ; head dark olive, above spotted or marbled with black; upper lip yellowish, the sutures between the anterior upper labials black ; an oblique black streak across the seventh upper labial ; a yellow spot, surrounded with black, at the extremity of the jaws; hinder part of body with a series of black dorsal spots and a lateral series of light spots; lower parts yellowish, the hinder part of the body with a series of black streaks along each side of the ventrals, becoming confluent into a lateral black line on the subcaudals,
Total length 930 millim. ; tail 300.
Loo Choo Islands.
w ei te
10. TROPIDONOTUS.
180, 181, 181 Loo Choo Islands, — H. Pryer, Eaq. [P. “Off aa a Pet Ot
e- 2 177; C.114) & Great Loo Choo Island. Mr, Holst [C. f. f.9' War C. 118). [O}
55. Tropidonotus himalayanus. Xenodon macrophthalmus, part., Giinth. Cat. - a, ac). Decophithelarun 3 part., Giinth. "Rept. Grit Mind. p. 262 —— himalayanus, Giinth. 1. c. p. 265, pl. xxii. fig. H; Anders.
xl. 1871, p. 484; Bowleng. Faun. Ind., t. p. 847 (1890 Banton Journ: As. ne Fmt, Eat Meee ee
Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals about as broad as long, broadly truncate in front, as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper than long; one (rarely two) pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 242 or 2+3 (rarely 1+1); eight (rarely nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 158-170; anal divided; subcaudals 79-90. Olive above, with small dark spots and two longitudinal series of small whitish spots or narrow cross bars; a more or less distinct blackish blotch on the nape, separated from the head by a yellow or orange collar, which is usually inter- rupted on the middle line; upper labials yellowish, with black sutures ; lower parts yellowish, speckled with brown or black, or nearly entirely greyish olive or blackish.
Total length 830 millim. ; tail 200.
Eastern ae and Assam Hills,
a8 WW 170: 6. C. “B85. Sithita. Mosc. Sehlagintten{G}. |
c. a (V.168; 0.88). Sikkim,4000ft. Sir J. Hoo : (One of the of X. macrophthalmus.)
“6. fo) 168, 164; Darjeeling. T. C, Jerdon, Esq. [P.}.
| ea $8) & 36. (Vv.
, "168, C.?). jeeling. W. T. Blanford, P. . ‘. $ wv. 160; C. 29). Khe Khvet Hifi, Sir J. Hooker SES es , ef of _ i X. macrophthalmus. f i. o (V. 162; C. 82). ills, Jerdon, [P. : k, Yg. (V.166; C. 86), ‘Asan Hills, W.'t Blanford, re. ; ig (V.172; C.92). Assam,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 178; Stoliczka, Journ. As, Soe, Beng.
_—. YS ee |, it ee. ¢ ee ee a,
i ™ * —. ) Te
ae
— ss
a, 395 (oe <a a): — es | a | a ° . 7 , YY = os ;
252 COLUBRID.
56. Tropidonotus ceylonensis.
Tropidonotus chrysargus, var. ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 71 858). Eas ceylonensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 268, pl. xxii. fig. G (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 846 (1890).
Eye rather large. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, broadly truncate in front, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as deep as long; two preoculars; three postoculars; tem- porals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials normally, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the an- terior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, the outer row smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 133-141; anal divided ; subcaudals 48-54, Olive-brown above, with black cross bands and a series of large yellow black- edged ocelli along each side of the back; these markings less dis- tinct in the adult; lips white; a black band on each side of the head behind the eye; a black band on each side of the nape, con- verging towards its fellow posteriorly, the space between them yellow in the young; belly uniform yellowish, or powdered with brown posteriorly. .
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 85.
Ceylon. a. Her. 5 (V. 183; 0.54). Ceylon. (Type.) b. 3 (V. 184; 0.51). Cerin. Ocl Beddome [0.]. e. Yg. (V. 133; ©. 52). Ceylon. G. : K. Thwaites, Esq. d. Yg. (V. 188; ©. 50). Ceylon. > .@ 2 (V. 141; C. 48). 8. Ceylon.
57. Tropidonotus beddomii.
Spilotes vittatus, Beddome, Madras Journ. Med. Sc. 1863. be foe rac beddomii, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. P. 269, pl. xxii. fig. E
(1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 344 (1890).
Eye moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals as broad as long or a little longer, broadly trun- cate anteriorly, as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular; three (rarely two) postoculars ; temporals 14+1 or 1+2; eight or nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, rather strongly keeled, the outer, however, perfectly smooth. Ventrals 131-150; anal divided; subcaudals 65-75, Brown or olive above ; a series of yellow spots, each between two black spots
10. TRoprponortts. 253
or short transverse bands, along each side of the back ; upper labials
yellowish with black sutures ; a yellow, black-edged, ‘oblique streak
from the eye to the gape; a yellow band across the nape, behind
the parietals; all these markings becoming indistinct with age ;
yor white, uniform, or closely dotted with brown on the sides. otal length 660 millim. ; tail 190.
S.W. India. a. nit ¥ 142; C. 68). Nilgherries. Col. Beddome [C.]. . 144; 0."65) Wynad. Col. me [C. ere “a 140, 141, 142, (O-} ae allays, 4700 f W. Da Esq Anam: eet. . Daviso c a «AV 148, 131 ; ) 0. * [P.]. 2 k. 2 a 148; C. 74). Peermade, Travancore. H, 8S, Ferguson, 1 Boddora km. é (V. 150, 145; ©. S. India. Col.’ e[P.]. > .
58. Tropidonotus stolatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. x (1796), & pls. xv. B. & xix. (1801). ie sols Linn, 8, N. i, p. 379 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. ( Elaps bilineatus, Schneid. Hist. a ii. p. 299 te Coluber bilineatus, Daud. t. ce. Sher Tropidonotus stolatus, Boie, Isis, 1827, Phys. Serp. ii. p. 317 (1837) ; Cantor, Cat. Mal. age Od deity "Giinth. Cat. p. 68 (1858) ; Pecers, Mon. Berl. Ae. 1861, rp. ti rin Brit. Ind. p. 266 (1864); Theob. Cat. 7) rit. Ind. p. 177 1876) ; Anders. An. Zool. gt Yunnan, p. 816 (1879); Murray, Geol Sind, p. 379 (1884) ; Boetty. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 1888, p. 79; Bouleng. Faun. Ind, Ropt! p. 348, . (1890). , hs hiesma stolatum, Dum. § Bibr. Vii. p. "7 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. . An. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 233. ? Tropidonotus ruficeps, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1869, p. 444.
Eye moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals much narrowed anteriorly, as long as broad or a little longer, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal as long as deep or deeper ; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 141 or 1+2; eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, outer row smooth. Ventrals 120-161; anal divided ; subcaudals 50-89. Greenish or brownish olive, with more or less distinct black spots or reticulated cross bars intersected by two psi longitudinal bands, which are best marked posteriorly ; pre- and postoculars yellowish; lower surfaces white, usually with a black spot on each side of each ventral.
COLUBRID,
Total length 680 millim. ; tail 180. India and Ceylon, and from Burma and China to the Malay
Peninsula ; a-f. 3 (V. 155, 157, 152,
187 0.75, 80, 76, 82)
my 152, 158; O. 78, g. Ye. Wy. 151; 0.77). h. 3 (V. 151; ©. 78). i. Q (V. 158; CO, 78). k. 2 (V. 158; C. 82). l. g (V. 156; C. 70).
m. & (V. 152; C, 81).
n-p. fo (V. 152; C. 85)
& 9 (V. 148, 150; ©.
ae
q-r 2 148; C. 66) & g (Ve; ’ C. 57).
s. 9 (V. 146; 'C, 68).
t-v. § (V. 145; C.73) &
ae. . 144, 139; C. 70,
w-z. Q (V. 136, 189, 127, 126; ©. 61, ?, 50, 50
a (V. 145, 149; C. Tay 0 & Q (V. 145;
PR ‘ 3 V1 140 of) & ¢ ay Ye (WV. 195, an 3 (V. 140; ©. 67),
2. 2 (V. 144; C. 78).
ond (V. 144, 120, 122; C. 74, ?, 67) & 9 (V. 140 ; 0 62),
eo Ye. (V 1s, 161; G. 74, 68)
2,0. 6 hy. 147, 147; C. 65,75) & Q (V. 148, 149, 149 ; 0.75, 72,78).
. Hgr. (V.154; 0. 70). . 2 (V. 148; G.?),
a) & 9
“e. (V. 145;
g. (V. ; C. 80),
co. ¢ (V.151; ©, 80).
dd. Yg.(V. 1465 C. 78). ee. 3 (V. 148; 0. 88).
(V. 148; ©. 78).
V. 141; C. 87) 9 (V.154; 0. 69)
Philippine Islands.
Nepal.
Jamu, Himalayas. Chamba, Himalayas. Darjeeling.
Khasi Hi Kurrachee,
Sind.
Bombay.
Benares. Godavery Valley. Madras.
Madras.
Coonoor, Nilgherries 5900 ft. :
Anamallays.
Travancore Hills, Candy. Ceylon. Ceylon.
Chin
Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. Hong Kong. J.C. Bowring, Esq. Hainan. R. Swinhoe, ‘tet C.]. Near Toungoo. KE. W. Oates, Esq. [P.]. Pinang. Dr, Cantor.
Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.
Somes (P). Sir E. Belcher ah
B, H. Hodgson, re
Mere v. Schlagintweit Money . Schlagintweit T. C. ‘Saad: Esq. [P.]. Sir J. Hooker [P.].
cht -v. Schlagintweit gee v. Schlagintweit
Ds Latth [P.].
Dr. Sayer [P.].
W. T. Blanford, Esq, LF}
Sir W. Elliot [P.].
J. E. Boileau, Esq. [P.]. W. Davison, Esq. [P.].
Col. Beddome [C.].
Gasotigns
a, J. Reeves, Esq. [P.].- Chusan Archipelago, J. J. Walker, Esq. [P.].
10, rRoprmonotvs. 255
59. Tropidonotus vittatus.
Coluber vittatus, Linn, Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 26, pl. xviii. fig. 2 101} and §. N. i. p. 380 (1766) ; Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. ee 1801); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 130 (1808).
Natrix vittata, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 74 Site
— idonoius vittatus, Boie, Isis, 1827, Schleg. Phys. Serp. 818 (1837); Dum. § Bibr. vii. a0 Ls Giinth. Cat. (1858) ; fan, Arch. Zool. Nat. pom 865, p. 217.
na moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much narrowed anteriorly, a little longer than broad, nearly as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper ; one prw- and three postoculars; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row smooth. Ventrals 140-149; anal divided; subcaudals 53-84. Pale brown above, with three black longitudinal stripes, lateral broadest and bordered below by a white stripe; sometimes a pair of black lines between the three dorsal stripes; head and nape spotted or marbled with black; labials white, with black sutures ; ventrals and subcaudals white, edged with black, the black edge widening on the sides.
Total length 560 millim. ; tail 150.
Java and Celebes, do (V.149,144,148;C.61, Java. J. C. Bowring, Esq. ots fi SE V. 144, 144, 142, (P.]. 7
140; 6. 65, .. 7, 7), hi. § (V. 148; C. 82) & Q(V. Manado, Dr. A. B, Meyer 144; ©.?). [C.].
60. Tropidonotus nigrocinctus. onotus i lyth, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxiy. 1856, Toei oi Rept, Brie i Tnd. 260 (1864); 7 Theob. ae Rept. rit. Ind. p. rat (1876); B Botiteag: Rete: 346 (1890) ; WZ. Selater, Journ. As. Soe, ran: i wi ieol. Bip. 30;
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front, shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal slightly longer than deep ; one or two prwoculars; three postoculars; temporals 142 (or 242); nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongl keeled, the outer row distinctly keeled. Ventrals 155-160 ; divided; subcaudals 81-89. Olive-grey above, green towards the
io
256 COLUBRIDZ.
head, with narrow transverse black streaks; an oblique black streak below the eye, another behind the eye, and a third on each side of the neck ; lower parts yellowish, dotted with brown posteriorly, Total length 650 millim. ; tail 180. Burma (Pegu and Tenasserim),
a-b. (V. 155, 158; C.89, Pegu. W. Theobald, Esq. [C.]. 61. Tropidonotus subminiatus.
Tropidonotus subminiatus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 313 (1837) Giinth. Cat. p. 69 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 265 (1864) Anders. Proc. Zool. Soe. 1871, p- 177 ; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xi. 1871, p. 434, pl. xxvi. fig. 3; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. P. 177 (1876) ; Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 822 (1879);
ouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 347 (1890).
Amphiesma subminiatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 754 ease K Jan,
e's 808) Phys. iii. 1865, p. 234, and Icon, Gén. 29, pl. i. 3 . Tropidonotus manadensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 170.
Eye moderate or rather large. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, broadly truncate anteriorly, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one preocular, three postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3,; eight upper labials normally, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of the outer row smooth. Ventrals 132-166; anal divided ; subcaudals 65-87. Brownish, greyish olive, or olive- green above, adult uniform or with black and yellow reticulations ; neck often tinged with bright vermilion ; a dorso-lateral series of light spots may be present; a black oblique spot below the eye, on a white ground, is usually present; young with a jet-black cross band on the nape, bordered with yellow posteriorly ; belly yellowish ; frequently a black dot on the outer end of each ventral shield.
Total length 1060 millim. ; tail 255.
From the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, and Southern China, to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago.
. ? . ?
a. Q (V. 164; C. 76). Himalayas. a a Jerdon, Esq. b. gf (V. 164; C.?). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.}. c. 2 (V. 166; C. 86). Khasi Hills. Dr. Griffith. d. Yg. (V. 163; C. 82). Khasi Hills. T. ee Jerdon, Esq. . & (V. 139; ©. 76), Hong Kong. J. C. Bowring, Esq. * hehals AV. 1485 C. 68), t Pj} eee , 182; 0. 70),
& yg. ( h. * 164; G. 75). Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut, Blakeway a. oh; 6.76 5000 feet. - [CO]
= a Bre
Se sexe
10. TRoprDoNoTUs. 257 do (V. 149; ©. 82). Tenasserim., Dr. Packman [P. do (V. 154; C.?). Tenasserim, Col. Beddome [C. }. m. of (V. 153; C. 75) Lao Mountains. M. Mouhot [C.}. & yg. (V. 147; C. 80). od (V. 144; C.77). Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}. ts 8 149, 157; C. Oamboja. M. Mouhot [C.). 144; C. P). Java. Leyden Mas. Fe (V. 140; ©. ?). Java. Dr. Horsfield. Hyr. ¢ (V. 141; C.78). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.]. 2 (V. 139; C. 69). Java, Lidth de Jeude Col- lection. 2 (V. 140; C. ?). Java. 3d (V. 139; C. 76). Manado, Celebes. We B. Meyer (Type of i manadensis. ) w. Yg-(V. 147; C.70). — Ternate. H.MS. ‘ Challen- ; — ger.’ . .
62. Tropidonotus spilogaster.
Tropidonotus ~ ter, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p, 598 (1854) 5 Gilnth. Cat. p. 66 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zook. Anat ys. iii. 1865, p. 225, and Icon. Gén. 27, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p. ae Serp. p. 809 (1887); Eyd. § — quincunciatus, var., Schley. Phys. . p- ); 4 Gerv. Voy. Favorite, v. Zool. p. 69, pl. xxviii. (1839),
Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
__ above ; internasals as long as broad or longer, broadly truncate
anteriorly, as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to
once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from __
the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper; one or two pre-and three or four post- oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row feebly keeled. Ventrals 148-156; anal divided ; subcaudals 75-92. Olive above, with more or less distinct blackish spots forming transverse series, which are interrupted by two light dorsal stripes or series of light spots; usually a light spot on the nape; upper labials yellowish,
usually with dark sutures; yellowish below, usually regularly
dotted with black. Total length 870 millim. ; tail 240. Philippine Islands, A. Belly with black dots.
b-c. ¢ (V, 151; C.92) Philippines, H. Cumin = & . (V. 152, 150; C. “i OTs se =“ ? —_
VoL. I. 8
258 COLUBRID, d, Yg. (V. 148; C. ?). Philippines. Hr. Salmin [C e. 2 (V. 150; C. 85). Negros. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. B. Belly without dots. tS. & (V. 154; C.?). Puerto Princesa. A. Everett, Esq.
(C.]
63. Tropidonotus chrysargus.
Tropidonotus chrysargus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 312, pl. xii. figs. 6 & 7 (1837); Giinth. Cat. p. 70 (1858); Fischer, Arch. f. asso} p. 57, pl. iv, fig. 2; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 345
junceus, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 93 (1847); Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiv. 1855, p. 716; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 268, pl. xxii. fig. F (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 434.
Leptophis albomaculatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 541 (1854).
Amphiesma chrysargum, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 739.
Tropidonotus dipsas, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854,
297
P ropidonotus zebrinus, Blyth, 1. ¢. P 297.
Amphiesma chrysargum, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 234.
—— platyceps, Jan, Icon, Gén. 29, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868).
Tropidonotus maculatus, var. torquatus, Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 139. ©
Eye large. Rostral just visible from above; internasals as long as broad or a little longer, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly as deep as long; one or two preoculars ; three postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; nine or eight upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 143-175; anal divided; subcaudals 60-93. Brownish or olive-green above, usually with a series of yellow spots or short transverse bars along each side of the back ; young with black spots and cross bars, which become indistinct with age; upper lip white, with the sutures between the labials black, the white colour extending as a more or less distinct angular or crescentic band on the nape; belly yellowish, with or without blackish dots, and with a more or less distinct series of small black spots along each side ; specimen 7 has the ventrals olive, edged with yellowish and three dark lines run along the belly.
Total length 680 millim.; tail 190. .
From the Eastern Himalayas, Assam, Burma, and Southern China to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java,
a. 2 (V. 168; C.?). Nepal. B. bee Esq.
2) oS a ee rer | se yf n “~ey
10, TROPIDONOTUS. 259 6 Yg. (V. 161; C. 85). Darjeeling. Ww. Py . Blanford, Esq. e. 5b (V. 167; C. 92). Sikkim. Uskere. v. Schlagin- tweit [C.}. d. Yg.(V. wht C. 91), Chikiang. Mr. Fortune [C ’. e. 2 (V. 159; C. 90). Tenasserim. W.TT. Blanford,Esq. Pp. F. Q (V. 162; C. ?). Tenasserim. Col iBeddome C.}. ¢. do (VY. 165 ; © $3). Burma. Prof. Oldham 2: 3 (V. 168; C. 85), t= (hills over 5000 L. Wray, Esq. [P.}. eet). t 2 (V. 157; C. 88). Pinang, Dr. Cantor. (Type of 7. junceus.) _ k Q (V. 175; C. 75). Mt. Singalang, Suma- Dr. SDancail C.). tra, i - Doria Lo. Q (V. 162, 162, 164, Nias. ae 154; C.?, ?, 76, ?). “td p. Yg. (V. 143; ©. 60). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.). gq. Yg. (V. 145; ©. 79). Borneo. Hr. Carl Bock [C.}. r. fo (V. 145; C. 75). Rejang River, Sara- Ss Low, wak. 8. fo (V. 151; C. 81). Mt. Dulit, Borneo. es, Bo [C.}. t. 2 (V. 150; C, 76). Willis Mountains, Ke- Parte yr. Huegel diri, Java, 5000 feet. [C.}. wu. Hgr. 2 (V.153; C. 82). Batavia. ert 2 (V. 157, 157; C. Java. Leyden Mus. x @ (V. 158; C. ?). Java. Dr. Ploem [C.}. y. 3 (V. 161; C.?). Java.
64. Tropidonotus monticola.
peer penne 220 monticola, Jerdon, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxii. 1853, t. Brit. Ind. p. 267 (1864); Bouleng. Faun.
Sade 1 Sage Fy (1890).
Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; -
internasals as long as broad, broadly truncate in front, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper ; one pra- and three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled, the outer row smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 134-142; anal divided; subcaudals 80-92. Green above, with black cross bands divided on each side by a pale spot; a white line across the head behind the eyes, and a white dot on each side of the frontal; pre- and post- oculars and labials 3 to 6, white; lower parts white.
Total length 450 millim.; tail 140,
8.W. India.
82
260 COLUBRID &.
ab. 9 = hh 135; ©. 80) & 8, Canara. Col. Beddome [C.}. yg. (V. 134; C. 90).
e-d. 9 (V. 140, 188; C. Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.}. 92, 90). “oy
e. Hgr., bad state. _ Anamaliays. Col. Beddome [C.].
f. o (V. 187; C, 82). ——?
65, Tropidonotus maculatus.
Tropidonotus maculatus, Ldeling, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. 1864, p. 203; Giinth. Zool. Ree, 1872, p. 74. Amphiesma substolatum, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 233, and Icon, Gén, 29, pl. i. fig. 1 (1868). ‘Tropidonotus ot a Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, . 95, pl. ii. fig. D. se sarawacensis (non Giinth.), Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 54,
Form slender. Eye very large. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as broad as long, trapezoid, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as deep as long, or deeper ; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 2+3,; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 144-156; anal divided ; subcaudals 95-113. Olive aboye, with four longitudinal series of small square black spots and two of yellowish ones ; upper labials yellowish with black sutures; lower parts yellowish, the shields _ edged with black.
Total length 810 millim. ; tail 270. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo.
a. Yg. (V. 146; C.113), . Malacca. D. Ls (P rag. sq. [P.]. b. 9 (V. 145; C. 95). Siboga, Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker,
(Type of 7. sundanensis.) ce. Yg. (V. 146; C. 108). Mt. Dulit, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.}.
66. Tropidonotus chrysargoides. (Prare XVI. fig. 1.)
Amphiesma chrysargum, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 739 (1854).
Tropidonotus chrysargoides, Giinth, Cat. p. 71 (1858); Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1882, p. 284.
Amphiesma chrysargoides, Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 236. ,
Eye rather large. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate in
front, as long as the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as
broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals
10. rRoPIDONoTUSs. 261
2+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Seales in 21 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 154-161; anal divided; subcaudals 64-79. Uniform dark olive above; upper lip yellowish; lower parts yellowish, the shields edged with olive.
Total length 710 millim. ; tail 165,
Java, Celebes. a. 2 (V. 161; C. 73). Java. Leyden Museum. (Type.) ae) ty 154; C. 79). N. Celebes, Dr. A. B. Meyer (o.
67. Tropidonotus saravacensis. (Piare XVI. fig. 2.)
idonotus sarawacensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1872, p. 596, and Zool, Rec, 1872, p. 74.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye large. Rostral
broader than deep, not or scarcely visible from above ; internasals.
as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and three postoculars; temporals 24+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 140-154; anal divided ; subcaudals 52-89. Olive-brown above, with a series of blackish cross bars, and two series of yellow spots, which may be replaced by two yellowish stripes; or blackish with bright orange spots on the anterior half of the body ; a lateral series of black spots; upper surface of head vermiculated with
black; labials yellowish, with black sutures; belly checkered —
black and yellow, or the black predominating. Total length 560 millim. ; tail 160. Borneo.
a-c. ¢ (V. 151; C. 84) & Matang. (Types.) Q (V. 154, 149; C. 82, 89
d. 2 wv. 140; C.52). — Matang. | e-f. 9 (V. 144,151; C.74, Mt. Dulit, Borneo. ©. Hose, Esq, | C.). 88).
68. Tropidonotus auriculatus. (Prare XVII. fig. 1.)
Tropidonotus auriculatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 80 (1858); Peters, Mon, Beri. Ac. 1861, p. 687. ©
Head short and thick, very distinct from neck. Eye very large. Body slender. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate anteriorly, longer than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end
Sai,
— x See |
a
» A ah he
262 COLUBRID.
of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long ; one or two pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ven- trals 152-157; anal divided; subcaudals 76-91. Dark olive- brown above, with a yellowish vertebral stripe; a white lateral stripe along the outer row of scales, expanding, club-shaped on the temple; forehead yellowish brown, with blackish vermiculations ; a black cross bar between the eyes ; labials white, with black sutures ; belly white, with three black longitudinal bands, the middle one broadest, or black posteriorly, with two series of white spots ; lower surface of tail white in the middle, black on the sides ; these mene becoming indistinct in full-grown specimens,
Total length 400 millim.; tail 115,
Philippine Islands,
a. 9 (V. 152; C. 76). Philippines. i. ea Esq. [C.]. 3 (V. 156, 157, ats Pasananca. HAMS “Unallenger: i Si 89, 85) & 9 (V. 156; 0.? ye
69. Tropidonotus crebripunctatus.
Tropidonotus i somes, Wiegm. N. Acta Ae. Leop.-Carol. xvii. i. 1835, p. 250.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye very large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and three fifths as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; two pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 24+3; eight to ten upper labials (the spe- cimen in the collection has eight on one side, ten on the other), fourth and fifth, fifth or sixth, or sixth and seventh entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 148-165; anal divided; subcaudals 96-101, Olive above, vertebral line lighter and crossed by narrow black bars; upper lip yellowish, the shields black-edged above; belly whitish, with a black dot at the outer end of each shield; posterior ventrals brown on the sides; subcaudals entirely brown.
Total length 680 millim. ;* tail 230.
Philippine Islands.
a. 2 (V. 166; 0.101). Philippine Islands. HH. Cuming, Esq. [C-].
70. Tropidonotus lineatus. Tropidonotus lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 686. Apparently very closely allied to the preceding, but with a single
anterior temporal and fewer ventrals (142) and subcaudals (66). Samar Island, Philippines.
-
10. TRoPIDoNoOTUS. 263
71. Tropidonotus flavifrons.
Tropidonotus flavifrons, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xx. 1887, ae Mocquard, Nouv. Arch. Mus. (8) ii. 1890, p. 140, pl. ix.
Head short, very distinct from neck. Eye moderate, Internasals broadly truncated in front, about half as large as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than parietals ; loreal as deep as long; one pre- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye. Seales in 19 rows, feebly keeled, of outer row smooth. Ventrals 146-155; anal entire ; subcaudals 95-99. Olive above, with dark network ; two parallel or alternating series of white spots along each side, upper on the sixth scale from the ventral, lower larger and on the outer border of the ventral; a large yellow spot covers the forehead and snout; sutures between the labials black ; ventrals whitish, with large black spots; the black predominates on the subcaudals.
Total length 540 millim. ; tail 179.
Mt. Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
a. 3 (V. 148; C. 95). Kina Baloo. Mr. Whitehead [ : Paris Museum ey u
72. Tropidonotus callistus.
idonotus callistus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe, 1873, p. 170, ms xvii. fig. C; Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus, Genova, xiii. 1878,
a short and thick, very distinct from neck. Eye large. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate in front, longer than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one pra- and four post- oculars ; temporals 242; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, strongly keeled, of outer row feebly keeled. Ventrals 156; anal divided ; subcaudals 76, Black above, with a whitish vertebral stripe with scolloped edge on its anterior half; a round white spot on each side behind the head, and a white band across the anterior half of the frontal and supraoculars and on the pra- oculars ; upper labials white, with black sutures ; ventrals and outer row of scales white, with a black band on each side along the outer ends of the ventrals.
Total length 295 millim. ; tail 70.
Celebes.
a. Hgr. (V. 156; C. 76). N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.}, (Type.)
Lal
~~ mii, Sn ee eS
264 COLUBRID.
IV. Macrorornts.—Maxillary teeth 35-40, posterior but slightly enlarged. Eye very large. Body very slender.
Fig. 16.
Guantnamo ee
Maxillary of Tropidonotus hypomelas.
73. Tropidonotus hypomelas.
Tropidonotus hypomelas, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 130, fig.
Eye very large. Body very slender. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate anteriorly, as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ; two pre- and three postoculars; temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 196; anal divided; subcaudals 99-105. Brownish olive above, with small black spots, and a series of pale spots along each side of the back on the pos- terior two thirds of the body; upper labials white, with black sutures; belly whitish anteriorly, black or blackish posteriorly, with a median series of black spots, one on each shield.
Total length 960 millim.; tail 270.
Duke of York Island and New Britain. ‘7
a. g (V.196; C.99). Duke of York Island. Rev. G. Brown [C.]. : (Type.)
b. ¢ (V.196; C. 105). New Britain. Must Godeffroy. . q
74. Tropidonotus dendrophiops.
eee dendrophiops, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xi. 1883, ‘ p. 136, fig. ; — hypomelas?, F. Miiller, Verh.: nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1883,
p. 286.
Eye very large. Habit slender. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals longer than broad, broadly truncate anteriorly, nearly as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout ; loreal square ; one or two pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 243; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, ~
11. MACROPIsTHODON. 265
which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly _. keeled. Ventrals 157; anal divided; subcaudals 100. Olive above, with black spots and two series of yellowish black-edged spots; upper lip yellowish ; lower parts yellowish, with black spots, which become very numerous on the posterior two thirds of the body and
on the tail. Total length 900 millim. ; tail 270. Philippine Islands. a. 2 (V. 157; C. 100). Zamboanga. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’
(Type.)
11. MACROPISTHODON. Tropidonotus, , Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 297 (1837); Giinth. a ies nd. p. 258 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 341 Amphiesma, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 724 (1864); J Zoot. Anat. Phys. ii. 1865, . 282. atc Xenodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. P 753; Jan, op. cit. ii. 1863, p. 316; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 53 (1858).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 20, followed after an interspace by a pair of extremely large fangs ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate or large, with round pupil. Body stout ; scales strongly keeled, in 19 to 27 rows, with apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
East Indies. Fig. 17. : . } Maxillary of Macropisthodon flaviceps, 4 Synopsis of the Species, . Maxillary teeth 18 to 2042; scales in 19
rows; ventrals 120-138; subcaudals 49-60; black, or with black cross DOMES fet Vo vecmatsdeececessccce ss 1. flaviceps, p. 266. Maxillary teeth 12 to 1542; scales in 19 rows; ventrals 128-138; subcaudals 42-58 ; a dark vertebral stripe........ 2. rhodomelas, p. 266. Maxillary teeth 12 or 1342; scales in 23 to 27 rows; ventrals 144-160; su caudals 35-50; green or greenish ..
3. plumbicolor, p. 267,
ao a
> a i
ore
266 COLUBRID.
1. Macropisthodon flaviceps.
Amphiesma flaviceps, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 738 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 235, and Icon, Gén. 29, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1868).
ae leucomelas, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 271, pl. xxii. tig. I (1864), and Zool. Rec, 1868, p. 124; F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1882, p. 148.
Amphiesma rufotorquatum, Edeling, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. 1864, p- 204.
Tropidonotus flaviceps, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 590; Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1885, p. 53.
Maxillary teeth 18 to 204+2, Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals as long as broad, or longer, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or a littleshorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep, or deeper; one preocular ; three or four (rarely two) postoculars ; temporals 2 +2
r 2+3; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or third and fourth) entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior. Scales very strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 120-138; anal divided; subcaudals 49-60. Body black, young with greyish-white or pale olive cross bars, widening towards the sides, and of which at least traces persist in the adult; a broad orange band across the nape, sometimes disappearing in the adult, separated from the head, which is yellowish brown or olive, by a broad black band ; belly olive, with black cross bands, or entirely black.
Total length 840 millim. ; tail 190.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo,
a-b. 5 (V. 128; C.60) & Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.]. 2 (V. 133; C. 60). ec. Yg. (V. 129; C. 61). Pinang (?). “Ty Hardwicke [P.].
euf 7. leucomelas.) = ? (V. 135; C. 54) & District of Deli, Nea versen [C.}.
g. (V. 133; C. 49), W. Sumatra. f- } a Ly. 124, 124; C. 54, Borneo. L. L. Dillwyn, Esq. [P.). 53), 9 (V. 130; 0.52), eT 120; C. 53).
5 (V. 133; C. 56), 8.E. Borneo. (V. 130; C, 49), & (V. 121; C. 58). ' a. Me: (V. 124; C. 59). —-! Dr. Bleeker.
2. Macropisthodon rhodomelas.
Tropidonotus rhodomeias, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 535 ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 310, Nag xii. figs. 10 & ll (1837) ; Blanf. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 221
Amphiesma rhodomelas, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 737 (1854); Girard, U.S. Explor, Exped, Herp, p. 165 (1853) ; Jan, Arch, Zool.
|
Nar = ees ee
ee rl
11. MAcROPISTHODON. 267
fee Phys. iii. 1805, p. 234, and Icon. Gén. 29, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1868).
Xenodon rhodomelas, Giinth. Cat. p. 58 (1858).
Tropidonotus mortoni, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc, Mus. p. 57 (1868).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 15+2. Rostral at least twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal once and one fourth or once and one third as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little deeper; one preocular, usually with a small subocular below ; three or four postoculars; temporals 242, 2+3, or 3+3; seven (rarely eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; both pairs of chin-shields broad and snbequal in length, or hinder pair longer. Scales strongly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 128-138; anal divided; subcandals 42-58. Greyish or pale reddish brown above, with a dark brown or black vertebral stripe which expands in a V-shaped blotch on the nape; lips, throat, and sides of belly pink, middle of belly yellow ; a series of small black spots along each side of the belly.
Total length 520 millim. ; tail 85.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java.
a-b. 3 (V. 133; C. 52) Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}.
& hgr. (V. 133; C. 47). P e. Hgr. (V.133; C.51). Singapore. ie Davison, Esq. d. 2 (V. 137; C. 50). Matang. oie e. 2 (V. 138; C. 58). Mt. Dulit, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.}. f. i 134; O. 42). Java. g. Yg. (V. 128; C. 50). ——-? Col. Beddome.
3. Macropisthodon plumbicolor.
Tropidonotus plumbicolor, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 54; fiinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 272 (1864), and Zool. Rec. 1865, p- 154; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Suc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 438; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 176; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1876); Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 380 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 351 (139v). Xenodon viridis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 763 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 57 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat, Phys. ii. 1863, p. 319. ee ellioti, Jerdon, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xxii, 1854, 5
Amphiesma brachyurum, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p- 237, and Icon, Gén. 29, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1868).
Halys ellioti, Theobd. 1. ¢. p. 225. Maxillary teeth 12 or 1342. Rostral at least twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals as long as broad or , broader, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth ; or once and one third as long as broad, as long as or a little longer | than its distance from the end of the enout, as long as or a 4
/ j 4 7
L y
268 COLUBRID.
shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper, some- times entering the eye; two prioculars ; three or four postoculars ; temporals 2+3 or 4; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 23 to 27 rows. Ventrals 144-160; anal usually divided; subcaudals 35-50, Dull green above, uniform or with traces of black markings ; young with a large A- or chevron-shaped black mark on the nape and occiput, the point on the frontal shield, bordered posteriorly with bright yellow; a black band from the eye to the angle of the mouth, and more or less regular transverse black spots or bands on the body; belly blackish, or yellowish with or without brown spots.
Total length 770 millim.; tail 90,
India and Ceylon.
a. Q (Se. 23; V. 149; Subbut Rungee, Sir E, Home [P.}.
C. 46). Bengal.
b-c. Q (Se. 23; V. 160, N. India. — Hearsey, Esq. 157; C. 41, 42). bP
d. é (Sc. 25; V. 148; Lanowli, Deccan. a Phipson, Esq.
. 39). tse
e. 2 (Se. 25; V. 156; Poonah. Dr. Leith [P.]. C. 43).
S-g. & (Se. 27; V. 169; Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.].
C. 45) & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 154; C. 38). h,i-m. 3 (Se.25; V.146; Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.}. C. 40), hgr. (Sc. 25; V. 155; C. 50), & yg. (Se. 23, 28, 26; V. 152, 153, 153; C. 40, 40, 36). n-o. d (Sc. 25; V. 156; Anamallays. Col, Beddome [C.}. C. 43) & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 154; C. 39). p. é (Sc. 23; V. 156; Anamallays,4700 feet. W, Davison, Esq. 36 -
. 36). Pot g-s. 2 (Se. 27; V. 152; Coonoor, Nilgherries, we avison, Esq. C. 38), hgr. (Se. 25; 5900 feet. C.]. V. 144; C. 35), & yg. (Sc. 25; V. 148; C. 44). t. Yg. (Sc. 28; V. 151; Ceylon. ©. 45
. 45), u. Yg. (Se. 27; V. 161; Java (?). Dr. Horsfield. C. 42).
12. LIOHETERODON.
Leioheterodon, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén., Atlas, pl. lxix. (1844).
Heterodon, part., Dum. §& Bibr. (95 Gén. vii. p. 764 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 82 (1858). ;
Anomalodon, Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 227.
Maxillary teeth 10 to 12, followed, after an interspace, by a pair of strongly enlarged fangs; mandibular teeth subequal. Head
12. LIOHETERODON, 269
searcely distinct from neck; snout pointed, projecting; rostral large, subtrihedral ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 or 23 rows; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals all or in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the verte-
ral column.
Madagascar.
1. Lioheterodon madagascariensis.
Heterodon madagascariensis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 776, pl. Ixix. (1854); Boettg. Abh, Senck. Ges. xi, 1877, p. 5, and xii. 1881, . 442. Fi ihe oe madagascariensis, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p- 227, and Icon. Gén. 10, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1865).
Portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the pre- frontals ; frontal nearly once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little shorter, as long as. the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one pre- and three or four postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 206-216; anal entire; subcaudals 62-73, the anterior single. Brown or black above, with pale brown or yellowish spots; sides yellowish, with two alternating series of black spots, the upper of which may be confluent into a zigzag band ; upper labials yellowish, with black sutures ; lower parts yellowish, with small black spots.
Total length 1020 millim. ; tail 170.
Madagascar. a. Q te 206; C. 62). Imerina. Rev. R. Baron [C.}. b. 2 (V. 216; C. 67). Madagascar. Rey. R. Baron bot e, d. 9 (V. 207 ; C. 64) Madagascar.
& yg. (V.210; C. 70).
2. Lioheterodon modestus. (Prare XVIII. fig. 1.)
Heterodon madagascariensis, Giinth. ae 3 84 (1858).
—— modestus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p, 356.
Anomalodon madagascariensis, Steindachn, Novara, Rept. p. 90 (1867).
Closely allied to the preceding, but scales in 21 rows, ventrals 159-170, and subcaudals 54-62, all in pairs, or a few of the anterior single. Pale brown above, uniform or with two or three more or less distinct darker stripes; uniform yellowish below.
Total length 920 millim.; tail 200,
Madagascar,
‘
_—— a.
le. - 7 “a a. 27 COLUBRID®. a, & (V. 165; C. 62). Madagascar. (Type.) b. 9 (V. 166; C, 59). Madea tanta: ae ‘ e. do (V. 170; C. 56). Imerina, Rev. R. Baron [C.]. d. Hgr. (V. 162; CO. 54), S.E. Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.)}.
13. PSEUDOXENODON.
Xenodon, part., Bore, Isis, 1827, p. 540; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 80 (1837); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p, 53 (1858) ; 4 Arch, Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1863, p. 316. ‘
Xenodon, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 171 (1830). .
Tropidonotus, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 258 (1864),
Pseudoxenodon, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 340 (1890).
Maxillary teeth 20 to 28, increasing in size posteriorly, the two last abruptly enlarged and separated from the others by an inter- space; mandibular teeth subequal. Head distinct from neck, which is dilatable ; eye large, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales on the anterior part of the body disposed obliquely, narrow and much imbricate, in 17 or 19 rows; dorsals keeled; no apical pits: ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in tworows. Hypa- pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. .
East Indies and Southern China.
Synopsis of the Species.
One preocular; scales in 19 rows ante-
riorly; ventrals 158-173; subcaudals
BOG et redo cr cot Mele Rn ae real 1. macrops, p. 270. One preocular; scales in 17 rows ante-
riorly ; ventrals 140; subcaudals 51 . 2. dorsalis, p. 271. Two or three preoculars ; scales in 19 rows ;
ventrals 118-121 ; subcaudals 36-41 .. 3. inornatus, p. 272.
1. Pseudoxenodon macrops.
Tropidonotus macrops, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1855, p. 296; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 263 (1864) ; Stoliezka, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. x\. 1871, p. 480; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 174 (1876). ;
— angusticeps, part., Blyth, l. ec. p. 295; W. L. Selater, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. Ix. 1891, p. 240.
Xenodon macrophthalmus, pert., Giinth, Cat. p. 58 (1858).
it ge eerroh nena part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 262,
. xxii. fig. C.
: macrophthalmus, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 77.
sikkimensis, Anders. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 17.
Pseudoxenodon macrops, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 840 (1880),
Rostral just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth to once and one third as — long as broad, as long as or slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as
13, PSEUDOXENODON, 271
_ deep or deeper than long ; one preocular ; three postoculars ; tem-
porals 2+2 ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less strongly keeled, in 19 rows anteriorly, in 17 on the middle of the body. Ventrals 158-173; anal divided; subcaudals55-75, Brown or olive above, with or without a dorsal series of reddish-brown or orange spots and a dorso-lateral series of black spots; a more or less distinct chevron-shaped dark marking, pointing forwards, may be present on the nape ; anterior part of belly with large quadran- gular blackish-brown spots, posterior part and lower side of the
. tail clouded with brown.
Total length 990 millim. ; tail 180. Himalayas, Khasi Hills, hills of 8.W. China and Burma,
a. 2 (V. 164; C. 63). Nepal. B. P} Hodgson, Esq b-d. S (V. 173, 160; Darjeeling. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. C. 73, 68) & 9 (V. 165; Pepe C. 68). ef. Sd (V. 166; C.?) Darjeeling. W. T. Blanford, Esa. & yg. (V. 160; ©.57). (P.]. g. 2 (V. 172; C.?). Sikkim. Messrs. ro Schlagin- tweit [C.). h. Q (V. ca. 175; C.69). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.). tk. g (V. 164; C.?) & Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker tp Q (V. 167; C. 60). (Types of X. macrophthalmus-) | l. 2 (V.172; C. 65). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq.
m-n. . 158, 158; Kia-tiang-fu, Prov. A. E. Pratt, Esq. c Ae eo Chuen, 1070 feet. [C.]. =
2. Pseudoxenodon dorsalis. (Prare XVII. fig. 2.)
Xenodon macrophthalmus, part., Giinth, Cat. p. 53 (1858). Tropidonotus dorsalis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 263 (1864).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales feebly keeled on the back, smooth on the sides, in 17 rows ante- riorly, in 15 round the middle of the body. Ventrals 140; anal divided ; subcaudals 51. Brownish grey above, with a dorsal series of pale yellowish (reddish) transverse spots; upper surface of tail with a yellowish, black-edged stripe ; a A-shaped blackish band on the nape, confluent with a more indistinct one on the back of the head ; a blackish band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; upper lip yellowish, the labials with fine black lines at the sutures ;
_—— "= ie I feo : ; rig ) he isi ; = ‘ a i s a o Pi, 272 COLUBRID,
belly yellowish, with large brown spots anteriorly, speckled with brown posteriorly ; the outer ends of the ventrals blackish, forming a lateral stripe.
Total length 610 millim.; tail 115.
China. a. 2 (V. 140; C. 51). Chi Kiang. Mr. Fortune [C.]. (Type.)
3. Pseudoxenodon inornatus. . Xenodon inornatus, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 541; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p: eeaa iii, figs. 10 & 12 (1837); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i. 1863, p. 319, and Icon, Gén. 19, pl. v. fig. 2 (1866),
Body stout. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; two or three pre- and three postoculars; temporals 24+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; chin-shields broad and subequal in size. Scales in 19 rows, dorsals keeled, laterals smooth. Ventrals 118-121; anal divided; subcaudals 36-41. Olive-brown above; young with a A-shaped black band on the nape; yellowish or brownish below, speckled with dark brown; a light streak separates the belly from the flanks.
Total length 470 millim.; tail 70.
Java.
14, HELICOPS.
Pseudoeryx, part., Fitzing. N. Class, Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Helicops, part., Wagler, Syst. Amph. p. 170 (1830); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. iii. 1865, he 245,
Tropidonotus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 297 (1837); Dum. §
tbr. vii. p. 549 (1854).
Homalopsis, part., Schleg. 1. ce. p. 332.
Helicops, Gray, Zool. seg ye 64 (1842), and Cat. Sn. p. 71 (1849) ; Dum. §& Brbr. t. ce. p. 742; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. 425; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept, p. 352 (1890).
Dimades, part., Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 65,
Uranops, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 68. -
Tachynectes, Gray, 1. c. p. 69. 2
Tropidophis (non D. & B.), Gray, 1. ¢. p. 69.
Myron, part., Gray, l..¢. p. 70.
Atretium, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 299; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 272 (1864).
Limnophis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 96.
Liodytes, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii, 1885, p. 104, and Proce, U.S, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 666,
Maxillary teeth 18 to 25, posterior longest ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head not, or but slightly, distinct from neck; eye moderate or small, with round pupil; nostrils directed upwards, in a semidivided nasal ; a single internasal, Body rather stout, cylin- —
14. HELICOPS. 273
drical ; scales usually striated and keeled, sometimes smooth, without apical pits, in 19 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Florida and Mexico to South America; South-eastern Asia ; Tropical Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Diameter of the eye more than half the length of the frontal shield; scales in 19 rows.
II. Diameter of the eye not more than half the length of the frontal.
A. Scales on the body smooth or faintly keeled.
Scales in 19 rows; one preocular ;
rostral in contact with the inter-
| Sar rere 3. septemvittatus, p. 275. Scales in 19 rows ; one preocular ; nasals
in contact behind the rostral ...... 4, allenii, p. 275.
EE ere ore 5. trivittatus, p. 276.
B. Scales on the back of the head smooth, on the body keeled, in 19 rows.
Frontal as long as or alittle shorter than
the parietals; ventrals 126-155 ;
belly striped or spotted with black; a light stripe along the two lower
en EO eee 6. carinicauda, p. 276. Frontal considerably shorter than the
parietals; scales feebly keeled ;
ventrals 119-125; lower parts im-
maculate or with a few brown
MEA aids boleh «ond cee sinete sow sic 7. modestus, p. 277. Frontal considerably ‘shorter than the
parietals; ventrals 118-131; belly
ootied with bisE.....) 00005 ... 8. leopardinus, p. 278. C. Scales on the occiput and back strongly keeled. enbes 1 10 FOWS sow ois ssc pecece 9. angulatus, p. 278. Scales in 21 rows ........sseesseeee 10. scalaris, p. 279. Scales in 23 or 25 rows ......... «+» 11. polylepis, p. 280. VoL, I. T
274 COLUBRID,
1. Helicops schistosus.
Russell, Ind, Serp. ii. pl. iv. (1801). Coluber schistosus, Daud. Rept. Mars oT (1803). Pseudoeryx schistosus, Fitzing. N. 8. WAS 55 (1826), Tropidonotus dimidiatus, Bove, Isis, 1827, p. 535. schistosus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 319 (1837); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 91 (1847) ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 596 (1854), —— moestus, Cantor, Proc, Zool. Soc, 1839, p. 54. surgens, Cantor, l. ¢. Tropidophis schistosus, oer Cat. p. 69 (1849). Atretium schistosum, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 278 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 179 (1876). Helicops schistosus, Jan, Elenco, p. 76 (1863), and Icon, Gén, pl. il. fig. 8 (1868); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 352 (1890). Atretium schistosum, var. yunnanensis, Anders, An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 822 (1879).
Eye moderate ; rostral just visible from above, forming a narrow suture with the internasal; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal deeper than long; one preocular; two or three postoculars ; temporals 242; eight or nine upper labials, third and fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales more or less distinctly keeled, in 19 rows. Ventrals 129-151; anal divided; subcaudals 55-85, Olive-brown above, uniform or with two series of small black spots along the back ; a more or less distinct dark lateral streak; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower surfaces yellowish.
Total length 750 millim. ; tail 180.
Southern India and Ceylon, Bengal, Burma, Yunnan, Mala Peninsula.
a. 2 (V. 148; C. 68). India. Dr. P. Russell. b-d. 2 (V. 150,151,149; Madras. T. O. Jerdon, Esq. [P.]. C. 69, 53, ?).
e-f,g. 3 (V. 129; C.67) | Wynad. . Col. Beddome [0.]. & yg. (V. 137, 134; C.
55, 56). h. Yg. (V. 182; C. 74). Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. a. 9 (V. 140; C. 67). Ceylon. R. Templeton, Esq. [P.]. | k. 2 (V. 142; C. 67). Ceylon. Sir E. Tennent Ph. iL-m. g (V. 139, 138; Ceylon. m2 58 C. 85, 82). n. gd (V. 136; C. 77). Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
2. Helicops bicolor.
Limnophis bicolor, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 96, pil. il. fig. C; Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. i, 1866, p. 68; Steindachn. ovara, Rept. p. 67 (1869).
Eye moderate ; rostral just visible from above, forming a narrow
suture with the internasal ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, — as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout,
14. HELICOPs. 275
shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid; one pre- and two postoculars ; parietal in contact with the sixth labial; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 132-146; anal divided; subcaudals 45, Dark olive- brown, with two broad paler stripes; lower parts uniform yellow. Total length 530 millim. ; tail 100.
a-b. 2 (V. 146,132; C.?, Duque de Bragance. Prof. Barboza du Bo-
45). cage [P.]. (Types.)
3. Helicops septemvittatus. Calopisma SSR age Fischer, Verh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. (2) iii. 1879, p. 84, pl. i. fig. 3. oe is septemvittatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, P-
Eye rather small; rostral visible from above, forming a suture with the internasal ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, widening behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter ‘than the perc; ; loreal deeper than long; one prae- and two
; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 122-130; anal divided; subcaudals 53-73. Brown above, with four black stripes ; belly yellowish white, with three black stripes.
_ Total length 238 millim. ; tail 73.
- Mexico. 4. Helicops allenii. pote allenii, rhe Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xvii. 1874, p. 92, and N. Am. t. p. 34, pl. vii. fig. 4 (1883). Liodytes allenii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p- 667,
Eye rather small, half the length of the frontal. Rostral broader than deep ; nasals in contact behind the rostral; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, much longer than its dis- tance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid ; one pre- and three postoculars ; temporals 1+2 ; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; posterior chin- shields longer than the anterior. Scales in 19 rows, smooth or faintly keeled on the body, distinctly keeled on the tail. Ventrals 121-128; anal divided; subcaudals 58-63. Light reddish brown above, with a dark brown vertebral stripe five scales wide; a narrower dark brown stripe on each flank; upper lip and lower
yellowish.
Total length 400 millim.; tail 110,
Florida.
a. § (V.121; 0.63). Lake Kerr, Florida. A. Erwin Brown, Esq:
r2
ee ee ee ee
276 COLUBRID.
5. Helicops trivittatus. (Prare XVITL. fig. 2.) Myron trivittatus, Gray, Cat. p. 70 (1849).
Eye small. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; nasals usually in contact behind the rostral; frontal about twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long; two pra- and two or three postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the an- terior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as the posterior. Scales. faintly keeled, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 120-130; anal divided ; subcaudals 638-65. Coloration very much as in Abastor erythro- grammus. Dark olive above, with small black spots and five yel- lowish or reddish longitudinal streaks, outer widest ; belly yellow or orange, with two regular longitudinal series of subcrescentic trans— verse black spots.
Total length 670 millim. ; tail 190.
Brazil. ; a. 9 (V. 126; C. 63). —? Zoological Society. (Type.) b. & (V. 120; C.?). ——? Zoological Society. c-d. Yg. (V. 130, 129; Para. R. Graham, Esq. [P.].
C. 65, 65).
6. Helicops carinicauda.
Coluber carinicaudus, Wied, Beitr. Nat. Bras. i. p. 800 (1825), and Abbild. (1825).
Helicops carinicaudus, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. vii. (1828); Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 744 (1854) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, ae Hensel, Arch. f. Nat. 1868, p.329 ; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag
. H, (5) xvi. 1885, p. 297, and xviii. 1886, p. 435.
Homalopsis carinicaudus, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 350, pl. xiii figs. 17 & 18 (1837).
Helicops carinicaudus, var. gastrosticta, Jan, I. ¢.
infrateeniatus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 245, and Icon. Gén, 28, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1868); Cope, Proc. Am. Pritos. Soc. xxii, 1885, p. 193. —— trivittatus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xvii. 1877, p. 92. —— baliogaster, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 198.
Eye small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture with the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, widening pos- teriorly, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the 'parietals ; loreal deeper than long (rarely absent) ; one pree- and two postoculars ; temporals 14+2 or 242; seven or eight upper labials, third or fourth (rarely third and fourth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, feebly keeled
anteriorly, strongly keeled on the posterior part of the body and on | the tail; outer scales smooth. Ventrals 126-155; anal divided; -
14, HELICOPs, 277
subcaudals 50-72. Dark olive-brown above, with four more or less distinct blackish stripes; a yellow stripe along the two lower rows of scales ; yellow or red beneath, with black spots or stripes on the belly, and a black stripe on the tail.
Total length 1010 millim.; tail 180.
Brazil.
A. Belly with two regular longitudinal series of black spots. ; (C. carinicaudus, Wied.) a. Q (V. 155; C. 54). Brazil. oe
B. Belly with three black stripes. (H. infrateniatus, Jan; H., trivittatus, Cope.)
b. Q (V. 135; C. 62). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C.
C. Belly checkered with black. (H. baliozaster, Cops. ¢. 2 (V.182; 0.70). Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering ,
er 2
D. Belly anteriorly as in B, posteriorly as in C.
ae. 3 (V. 132; C.72) Rio Grande do Sul. Dr. H. v. Ihering [C. & yg. (V. 182; C. 65). to}
—- ~~" -
7. Helicops modestus.
Helicops carinacaudus (non Wied), Gray, Cat. p. 71 (1849).
—— modestus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. 425, fig. ay
? Helicops leprieurii, var. moesta, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. i 1865, p. 253.
as ph Reink. Vid. Meddel, 1366, p. 151, fig.
e small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture with the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long, sometimes fused with the pre- ocular; one or two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142; seven or eight upper labials, third or fourth, or third and fourth, entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields*, which are as long as or a little shorter than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows, dorsals feebly keeled, laterals smooth. Ventrals 119-125; anal divided; subcaudals 43-67, ; Dark olive above, with three lighter stripes or with two blackish ones ; belly yellowish white, uniform or with a few brown spots. r ' Total length 490 millim. ; tail 95. ]
Brazil. $ F
* The 3 pairs of chin-shields in the type specimen I rd as an anomal 7 peas to Sgered tek qoavizacn of Iebhudguathdd tates by Dugia ta 1888, 3”
278 COLUBRID.
a. 9 (V.125; C.43), —? Leyden Mus. ( ) 6. 2 (V. 128; C. 51). Lagoa Santa. Prof. Reinhardt | P.). (One of the types of H. assimilis.) c,d. 9 (V. 122; C.55) Porto Real, Prov. Rio M. Hardy du Dréneuf
” & yg. (V.119; 0} 64). Janeiro. [C.}.
8. Helicops leopardinus.
Homalopsis leopardina, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. Pee: re (1837).
Dimades leopardina, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 65 (184
Tachynectes leopardina, Gray, Cat. Sn. p. 69 (849),
Helicops leprieurii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 750, pl evil [Uranops: Sévére } (i854) ; Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, p. Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p, 253, and Icon. Gén, p. 28, pl. iv. figs. 2 & 3 (1868).
— leopardinus, Jan, ll. ce. p. 251, pl. iii. fig. 2.
Eye small; rostral visible from above, forming a narrow suture with the internasal ; frontal nearly twice as long as broad, widening behind, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal deeper than long (rarely absent); one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1 or 2+2 or 3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which. are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows (sometimes 21 on the nape), more or less strongly keeled, outer rows usually smooth or feebly keeled. Ventrals 118-131; anal divided; subcaudals. 53-83. Dark olive or brown above, with four or five alternating series of black spots; a light streak from below the eye to the angle of the mouth, sometimes connected with its fellow by a light cross. bar on the nape; lower parts checkered or cross-barred, black and.
ellow.
Total length 630 millim. ; tail 160.
Guianas, Brazil.
a. (V. 121; C. 66). Surinam. Lidth de Jeude Coll. b. 2 (V. 118; C. 69). Cayenne. e; V. 124; C. 70) Bahia. Dr. O. Wucherer [C.}..
d. 3 ( & 2 (V. 127; ©. 58). fs: (V. 125,181,128; Bahia.
C, ? ? .
9. Helicops angulatus.
Coluber angulatus, Zinn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 23, pl. xv. fig. 1 (1754), and S N.i, p. 377 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 209 (1803).
—— surinamensis, Shaw, Zool, iii, p. 460 (1802).
Natrix aspera, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Bras. p- 37, pl. xiii. (1824).
Homalopsis angulata, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. "$51, pl. xiii. figs. 24 & 25 (1837).
Uranops angulatus, Gray, Cat. p. 68 (1849).
Helicops angulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 746 (1854) ; Giinth. Ann.
& Mag’ N. H, (3) vii. 1861, p. 428; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys.
fi, 1865, p. 251, and Icon, Gén. 28, ‘pl. iv, fig. 1 (1868),
«
ae
DES a
ie
14, HELICOPs. 279
Helico clops, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 309. P Hothown fimslentae, Cope, 1. c. p. 308. a:
Eye small; rostral visible from above, usually in eontact with the internasal; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1 or 242 or 3, posterior keeled ; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior: Scales in 19 rows, strongly keeled even on the occiput and nape; outer row more or less distinctly keeled, rarely smooth. Ventrals 102-130; anal divided; subcaudals 61-94, keeled. Olive or grey-brown above, with more or less regular dark brown, black-edged cross bands, which narrow towards the sides, where they are usually confluent with the black cross bands of the belly ; a large rhomboidal dark blotch on the nape; lower parts yellowish (in spirit) with large black spots, or, more usually, with regular black cross bands.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 200.
Tropical South America east of the Andes.
a. 2 (V.120; C. 61). British Guiana. b-e, f-g. 3 (V.116,117; Demerara. Mr. Snellgrove [C.].
C. 72,73) & 2 (V.120,
120, 122,130; C. 63, 65,
67, ?). h, i. $ (V.113; C.72) & Berbice.
2 (V. 120; C. 65). k. 5 (V. 116; OC. 94). Para.
rg. (V. 118; C. i Pernambuco. W. A. Forbes, Esq. [P.}. m,n. 2 (V.114;C.71)& Upper Amazon. 15; C. 83).
g. (V. 115; C. 0. Ties. (V. 102; ©. 82). Pebas. H. W. Bates, Esq. (O p-t. od (V. 112; C. 73), Moyobamba, Mr. A. H. Roff [C.}.
Q(V.114; C.62),&ye. N.E. Peru.
(V.110, 111, 108; ©. te
9 (W109; 0.72 s N.E. W. Davis, Faq. [C u. f ; C. 72). arayacu, N.E. - Davis, Esq. [C.}.
=f Peru. Messrs. Veitch iP) v. Skull. Santa Cruz,
Brazil.
10. Helicops scalaris.
Helicops scalaris, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii, 1865, p. 250, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. iii. fig. 1 (1868).
Eye small; rostral just visible from above and in contact with the internasal ; frontal twice as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal trapezoid ; one pre- and two postoculars; tem- porals 243; nine upper labials, fourth or fourth and fifth entering
weer Ul
280 COLUBRID.
the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 116-120; anal divided ; subcaudals 88. Grey above, with three longitudinal series of black spots, which are confluent into longitudinal streaks on the sides of the head and on the nape; the middle row of spots largest ; ventrals grey, with a yellowish streak in the middle, or yellow with blackish spots,
Total length 410 millim.; tail 150. The specimen in the collee- tion measures 350 millim, without the tail, which is injured.
Venezuela and Colombia.
a. § (V.116; C.?). Rosario de Cucuta, Colombia. » Mr. Webber [C.].
11. Helicops polylepis. Helicops polylepis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) vii. 1861, Pp: 426, Tachynectes chrysostictus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad, 1862, p. 71. Helicops spixii, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p, 249, and Icon. Gén. 28, pl. ii. fig. 2 (1868).
Eye rather small; rostral visible from above, in contact with the internasal; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal trapezoid; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+2, 243, or 1438; eight upper labials, fourth or third and fourth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, all keeled, the keel on the outer row feeble. Ventrals 124-138; anal divided; sub- caudals 76-84. Brownish or olive-grey above, with blackish spots disposed in five alternating rows, the middle ones largest; blackish beneath, with round yellow spots. .
Total length 430 millim., ; tail 130,
Brazil, North-eastern Peru.
a. 3 (Se. 25 (26); V.1383; Upper Amazon. (Type.) C. 82
b. Hgr. (Se. 28; V.124; Peruvian Amazon. _—Mr. E, Bartlett [0.}. C. 79).
15. HYDRETHIOPS. Hydreethiops, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 28.
Maxillary teeth 20-22, increasing in size posteriorly ; mandi- bular teeth decreasing in size posteriorly, Head slightly distinet from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostrils directed up- wards, pierced between two nasals; a single internasal. Body cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, with apical pits, in 23 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate ; subcaudals in tworows. Hypa- pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical Africa. \
«~
Laie = [oo
16. TRETANORHINUS. 281
1. Hydrethiops melanogaster.
poet melanogaster, Giinth. 1, c. pl. iii. fig. G. Heli oar marginatus, Fischer, Oster-Progr. Ak. Gymn. Hamb, 1883,
—— lineofasciatus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Zool, France, 1884, p. 203 pl. vi. fig. 3.
Rostral as broad as deep, or a little broader, just visible from above and in contact with the internasal, which is triangular and Jonger than broad ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 14-3; ten or eleven upper labials, fifth and sixth or sixth and seventh entering the eye; three pairs of chin- shields, the anterior in contact with five lower labials. Scales more or less strongly keeled, in 23 rows. Ventrals 143-154; anal divided ; subcaudals 39-49. Dark olive-brown above, with five more or less distinct series of alternating black spots; a yellowish stripe on each side, from the eye or the angle of the mouth along the first and second rows of scales ; lower parts black.
Total length 610 millim. ; tail 100.
West Africa. a-d. g (V. 151; ©. 48) & V. 147, Gaboon. (Types. 151, 149; Ci, 89, 41), ° ) 2 2 (V. 143; 0; 48). Cameroons,
16. TRETANORHINUS.
Tretanorhinvs, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 348 (1854) ; Jan, Arch, Zool, Anat, Phys. iii. 1855, p. 254; Bocourt, Le Naturaliste, 1891, p- 121.
Helicops, part., Jan, l. c. p. 245.
Maxillary teeth about 30, subequal; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round
‘
pupil; nostrils directed upwards, pierced between two nasals.
Body cylindrical ; scales striated and keeled, without apical pits, in 19 or 21 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
Central America and Cuba.
Synopsis of the Species.
Two prefrontals; posterior chin-shields
separated from each other by scales ;
OGM 20 TONS ow cccdr es vess.ccapac 1. variabilis, p. 282. ‘Two prefrontals; posterior chin-shields
in contact with each other anteriorly ;
scales in 21 rows . .........04: +e+» 2. nigroluteus, p. 282. A single prefrontal ; posterior chin-shields
in contact with each other anteriorly ;
seales in 19 rows ......... seseesees od mocquardii, p. 283.
-_— ee eee
282 COLUBRID.
1. Tretanorhinus variabilis.
Tretanorhinus variabilis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 349, pl. Lxxx. fig. 4 (1854); Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys, iii. 1865, p. 254; Gundlach, Erp. Cub. p. 80 (1880).
Topidqaees cubanus, Gundlach, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 1001, and lic. p. 81.
Tretantehinhs variabilis, Cope, Proce. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 298, and 1868, p. 809; Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891, p. 122.
ar wagleri, Jan, J. c. p. 247, and Icon. Gén, 28, pl. i. fig. 1 (1868).
‘Tretanorhinus variabilis, var, adnexus, Jan, /.c. ; Bocourt, 1. ec. p. 208. Helicops variabilis, part., Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 33 (1883).
Head narrow and elongate; eye rather small; nasals in contact with each other behind the rostral, or narrowly separated ; inter- nasals small, longer than broad; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate ; one or two pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields a little longer than the anterior and separated from each other by scales. Scales in 19 rows, keeled, the keels strongest on the tail. Ventrals 131-164; anal divided; subcaudals 50-78. Olive or blackish above, with or without blackish cross bands; @ more or less distinct light lateral streak on the second and third rows of scales; a dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; belly orange or red, dotted or spotted all over with brown, or brown dotted with paler.
Total length 660 millim ; tail 160.
Cuba. a-b., 3 (V. 160, 158; C. 69, 68). Cuba. ce. 3 (V. 155; CO. 68). Cuba. Prof. Peters [ P.]-
2. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus.
Tretanorhinus variabilis, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 349 (1854) =: Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. iii, 1865, p. 254. nigroluteus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1861, p. 298, and 1868, . 809; Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 27; fa roc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxii. 1885, p. 183; Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891, . 122. ras oats agassizii, Jan, l.c. p. 248, and Icon. Gén. p. 28, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1868). variabilis, part., Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 38 (1883). —— nigroluteus, Garm. l, ce. p. 144. bifrenatus, Bocourt, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p. 194. Regina nigrolutea, Cope, Bull. U.S, Nat. Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 74. Tretanorhinus lateralis, Bocourt, /. e.
Very closely allied to the preceding, but differing in the following — points :—Usually two loreals, anterior smallest; two or three preoculars; posterior chin-shields in contact with each other — anteriorly ; scales in 21 rows. Olive or blackish above, uniform or —
\
s \.
way xd iz |}
17. OPISTHOTROPIS, 283 /
with small black spots; a dark streak on each side of the head, ) passing through the eye; a yellow lateral streak, edged with dark below, on the anterior portion of the body, posteriorly confluent with the yellow of the ventral region; yellow below, uniform or with dark brown spots or dots. Total length 680 millim. ; tail 160. Central America. ¢
a, b,c. 2 (V. 146, 149; C. 63, 64) Panama. Zoological Society. & yg. (V.134; C. 76). x
e
=*
3. Tretanorhinus mocquardii. : Tretanorhinus mocquardi, Bocourt, Le Natur. 1891, p. 122. .
A single prefrontal ; a single loreal; two preoculars ; anterior chin-shields in contact with each other anteriorly. Scales in 19 rows. A yellow stripe along the flanks; lower parts fuliginous yellow.
Central America.
17. OPISTHOTROPIS. Opisthotropis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16; B . Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 343. Calamohydrus, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 48. ae eepees, Mocquard, Le Naturaliste, 1890, p. 154, and Nouv, ch. Mus. (3) ii, 1890, p.141, and AMém, Soe, Zoo Fr. v. 1892, P
Lepidognathus, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. Ergebn, ii. p. 186 (1890).
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 20 to 25; mandibular teeth small, ; equal. Head small, not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round upil; nostril directed upwards, in a divided or semidivided nasal,
y cylindrical; scales finely striated and keeled, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column. West Africa ; Southern China; Malay Archipelago.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Scales in 17 rows; nasals separated by the internasals. Prefrontal single ; eight upper labials, fifth
RNIN WENN DUO yids «os sales ca bses.ds 1. atra, p. 284. Prefrontal single; eight upper labials, none
UNEELON SG OO vo a5 a cievie'nidieins ache cs 2. andersonii, p. 284. Two prefrontals ; twelve upper labials, none
entering the eye.........+.ee0- esses 3. rugosa, p. 284.
IL. Scales in 19 rows; nasalsin contact behind the rostral. 4. typica, p. 285.
sl
, aay = A wy et Se Oey RF ©. Pern we
284 COLUBRID.
1. Opisthotropis atra.
Opisthotropis ater, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 16, pl. iii. fig. B.
Snout short and broad, much depressed, not projecting. Rostral much broader than deep, well visible from above; internasals a little longer than broad ; prefrontal single ; frontal large, as broad as long, thrice as broad as the supraocular, shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one prw- and two postoculars ; a very elongate anterior temporal ; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye, seventh very long; two pairs of sub- equal chin-shields, anterior in contact with five labials. Scales in 17 rows, smooth on the nape, feebly keeled on the body, rather strongly keeled towards the tail. Ventrals 170; anal divided; subcaudals 65. Upper parts brownish black, lighter towards and on the abdomen.
Total length 340 millim. ; tail 75.
West Africa.
a. 3 (V.170; ©. 65). W. Africa. (Type.)
2. Opisthotropis andersonii. (Pxiare XVIII. fig. 3.) Calamohydrus andersonii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 44. : Opisthotropis andersonii, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 343.
Snout short and broad, much depressed, not projecting. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals twice as long as broad; nasal cleft extending from the nostril to the second labial; a single prefrontal; frontal large, a little longer than broad, much shorter than the parietals; loreal much longer than deep; one pre- and one postocular; two small suboculars, separating the eye from the labials ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fifth below the eye; only one pair of well-developed chin- shields, in contact with four labials. Scales in 17 rows, finely striated and feebly keeled. Ventrals 161; anal divided; subcaudals 58. Blackish olive above, each scale edged with whitish ; lower parts whitish, chin and lower labials brown.
Total length 240 millim.; tail 45.
Hong Kong.
a. 3 (V.161; C. 58). Hong Kong. City Hall Museum, Hong Kong (E.]. (Type.)
3. Opisthotropis rugosa.
Lapin rugosus, v. Lidth de Jeude, in M. Weber, Zool. trgebn, ii. p. 187, pl. xvi. tigs. 1-5 (1890).
rr ee rugosa, Bouleny. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 343. /
«
— ee Ue. — = —— ee
Wo
18. IscHNOGNATHUS. 285
Rostral as deep as broad; internasals subcrescentic, forming together a triangle; two prefrontals; frontal as broad as long; one prie- and one postocular, and three suboculars separating the eye from the labials ; twelve upper labials, third to tenth separated from the edge of the mouth by a row of small trigonal scales. Scales in 17 rows, striated and strongly keeled. Ventrals 170; anal divided; subcaudals 95. Olive above, the scales with a whitish edge; lower parts and outer row of scales yellow.
Kaju Tanam, Sumatra.
4, Opisthotropis typica.
Heli ides typicus, Mocquard, Le Natur. 1890, p. 154, and Nouv. Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 141, pl. ix.
Snout short and broad, much depressed. Rostral twice as broad as deep; nasals semidivided, in contact behind the rostral ; inter- nasals small, triangular; a pair of prefrontals; frontal large, pentagonal, as long as broad; supraocular very small; loreal elongate, partly or completely divided; two pre- and two post- oculars; three suboculars separating the eye from the labials; temporals 1+1+2; eleven upper labials, seventh and eighth below the eye, the six anterior twice as deep as long, the four last divided as in the preceding species. Scales in 19 rows, striated and keeled. Ventrals 176; anal divided; subcaudals 82. Uniform olive-brown above, dirty yellow below.
Total length 390 millim.; tail 95.
Mt, Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
18. ISCHNOGNATHUS.
Ischnognathus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 468, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 506 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 80 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zook. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 238.
Storeria, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 135 (1853).
Microps (non Megerle), Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 240.
Tropi oclonion, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 76, and Proc. U.S, Nat, Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 666.
Cora, Jan, I. ¢.
Adelophis (Duges), Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii, 1879, p. 265.
Clonophis, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
} Maxillary teeth 14 to 18, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head : slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; loreal shield present or absent. Body moderately elongate, cylin- drical ; scales keeled, with or without apical pits, in 15 to 19 rows; ) ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypa- | pophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
| orth and Central America.
ig. 3. Sagi typica, Bouleng. Ann. § ge N. H, (6) vii. 1891, pom ;
———
d f
~
286 COLUBRID.
Synopsis of the Species. I, Anal divided. Scales in 19 rows; a loreal and one preeocular.....see eee eee cess 1. kirtlandii, p. 286. Scales in 17 rows; preocular one, in contact with nasal ............ 2. dekayi, p. 286.
Scales in 15 rows; preoculars two,
in contact with nasal .......... 3. occipitomaculatus, p. 287. Scales in 15 rows; a loreal and two . PYOOCWIAFE 55 idle e's Sie s ME 4, storerioides, p, 288. II. Anal entire. Scales in 15 rows; no loreal ...... 5. copit, p. 289,
1. Ischnognathus kirtlandii,
Regina kirtlandii, Kennicott, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 95; H. Garm, Bull, Iilin, Lab, iii. 1892, p. 275.
Tropidoclonion kirtiandii, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
Ischnognathus kirtlandi, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. iii. 1865, p. 289, and Icon. Gén. ’30, pl. i. fig. 1 (1868).
Tropidonotus kirtlandii, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 28, pl. i. fig. 3 (1883).
Clonophis kirtlandii, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; nasal divided ;
-a loreal ; internasals broader than long; frontal once and a half as
long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one pre- and two postoculars ; tem- porals 1+ 1 or 1+2; six (exceptionally five) upper labials, third and fourth (or second and third) entering the eye; two pairs of chin- shields, posterior separated from each other. « Scales in 19 rows, all very strongly keeled. Ventrals 129-133; anal divided; sub- caudals 50-59. Greyish brown above, on each side with a series of large black spots and alternating series of smaller spots; head dark brown, with lighter vermiculations ; labials yellowish ; ventrals yellowish, with a black spot at each outer end.
Total length 430 millim.; tail 90.
United States, from Illinois to Ohio.
a-b. 2 (V. 129, 183 ; C. 51, ?). Tlinois. Prof. 8. A. Forbes [P.}.
2. Ischnognathus dekavi.
Coluber ordinatus (non L.), Storer, Rep. Fish. § Rept. Mass. p. 223 (183 Tiipidonotus dekayi, Holbr. N, Am. Herp. iv. p. 58, e. can (1842) ; Dekay, N. York Faun., Rept. p. 46, pl. xiv. Hg. 80 (184 Ischnognathus dekayi, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Se. eae 1853, . 468; Ginth. Cat. p. 81 (1858); Jan, a. * Pool. Anat, Phys. lil. 1865, p. 240, and Icon. Gén, 30, pl. i. figs. 8 & 4 (1868),
.-
Scales in 17 or 19 rows; aloreal .. 6. lineatus, p. 289. ‘
z : ;4 .
4
‘
z 18. IscHNOGNATHUS. 287
Storeria dekayi, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 135 (1853) ; Garm, N. Am. Rept. p oh i, fig. 1 (1883), and Bull. Essex Fests Sa 1892, p. 105 - Garm, Bull; Illin, Lab, iii, 1892,
nognathus dekayi, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 507 (1854).
Storeria tropica, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxii. 1885, p. 175.
—— dekayi, var. anomala, Dugs, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 9, tig.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal divided, in contact with the preocular ; internasals broader than long, much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; one (rare two) pre- and two post- oculars; temporals 1+1 or 14+2; seven (rarely six) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in ‘eontact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior and usually in contact with each other in front. Scales in 17 rows, all keeled. Ventrals 120-145; anal divided; subcaudals 40-63. Pale olive-brown, greyish or reddish above, with or without a lighter vertebral stripe and two dorsal series of small black spots; crown of head often blackish; a blackish transverse blotch on each side of the nape; frequently a black spot below the eye; ventrals yellowish, usually with black dots on the sides.
Total length 370 millim.; tail 75. North and Central America, from Canada to Guatemala. a. Q (V. 127; C. 48). Canada. Chatham Museum [FI J.
b-d. V. 128,125; C. Bloomington, In- C, Bollman : 40, #) S her. (V.120; diana. » Hoa [
e. 2 (V. 188; C. 46). Tlinois. Smithsonian Instit, [P.]. f. & (V. 135; C. 63). New Orleans. M, Sallé [C.}. k. 2
’
do (V.126;C.51)& Texas.
. 136; C. “y Duval Co., Texas, W. Taylor, Esq. [C.}. V. 136; ©. 47). | Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
3. ‘Ischnognathus occipitomaculatus.
—— Storer, Rep, Fish. § Rept. Mass. p. 230
( °
venustus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1847, p. 278, pl. —, and 1849, p. 245.
Storeria occipitomaculata, Baird § Gir, Cat. N. Am. Rept. p, 137 1853); Baird, Serp. of N. be 26 (1854) ; Garm. Am. , ¢ ape pl. i. fig. 2 (1883); H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii.
» p- 278.
Ischnognathus dekayi, part., Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 507 (1854).
—— occipitomaculatus, Giinth, Cat, p. 81 (1858); Jan, Arch. A306 “es Phys. iii. 1865, p. 240, and Icon, Gén, 30, pl. i. fig. 2
4 :
t:
288 COLUBRID.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above; nasal divided or semidivided, in contact with the preoculars; internasals broader than long, shorter than the preefrontals; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields shorter than the anterior and in contact with each other. Scales in 15 rows, all keeled. Ventrals 110-128 ; anal divided; subcaudals 38-52. Olive-brown above, usually with a lighter vertebral stripe bordered by two series of dark dots or by two dark brown lines; a more or less distinct dark lateral line, below which the sides and the outer ends of the ventrals are speckled or vermiculate with black; three yellow spots behind the shielded part of the head; belly yellowish or coral-red in the middle.
Total length 320 millim. ; tail 60.
Canada and United States, east of the Rocky Mountains.
a. Hgr. (V. 125; C. 38). Nova Scotia. J. M. Jones, Esq. [P.]- b-d, e, f. 2 (V. 125, 127, 128; N. America.
C. 39, 42, 43) & hgr. (V. 119,
110; C. 50, 50).
4, Ischnognathus storerioides.
Tropidoclonium storerioides, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 190. Storeria storerioides, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 29 (1883). Natrix storerioides, Cope, Proc. US. Nat. Mus. xi. 1889, p. 391.
Rostral just visible from above ; nasal semidivided or completely divided ; loreal present, sometimes entering the eye; internasals broader than long, shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; two pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 14+2; six or seven upper Jabials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields sepa- rated from each other or in contact anteriorly. Scales in 15 rows, outer row smooth. Ventrals 120-135; anal divided; subcaudals 37-51. Olive-brown, reddish or blackish above, with small black spots; vertebral region occasionally somewhat lighter and crossed by narrow black lines; a blackish blotch, bifid posteriorly, on the back of the head; grey or reddish beneath, sides usually speckled with black.
Total length 340 millim.; tail 65.
Mexico,
a. 9 (V. 129; C: 41). Plateau of Mexico. Mr. Doorman [P.}. b-c, d-i. § (V. 128, 183; La Cumbe de los Arra- Dr. A. C. Buller
C. 42, 45), 9 (V. 130, _ strados, Talpa, Jalis- —[C.].
133, 134, 130, 131; C. co, 8500 ft.
41, 38, 38, 41, 38), &
yg. (V. 185; C. 40).
oo an
a ————— - - ls i '
18, IscHNOGNATHUS. 289
- Rig (V,128; 0.46) & Colonia Brizwsla, Haci- De, A. C. Balle
2 (V. 130; C. 37). enda el Rosario, Aut- _—‘[C.]. lan, Jalisco. m-o. $(V. 127, 183, 120; Hacienda StaGertrudio, Dr, A. ©. Buller ©. 51, 47, 48). ” . “Mascota, Jalisco. (C.}.
5. Ischnognathus copii. Adelophis copei (Duges), Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879. p. Bs; Depas La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1887, p. 18, pl. iii. fig. 1.” Storeria copei, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 31 (1883).
Snout rather pointed; nasals distinct, separated from the pre- ocular by the prefrontal; no loreal ; internasals small, triangular ; frontal much longer than broad; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ; two pairs. of chin-shields, posterior in contact with each other.
; Scales in 15 rows, outer row smooth. Anal entire. A broad _ brown, black-edged dorsal band with a yellow vertebral line; flanks and belly light brown.
Total length 330 millim. ; tail 66.
Guadalajara, Mexico.
6. Ischnognathus lineatus.
Microps lineatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 241; Baird, . U.S. Explor. R. R. x. pt. iii. pl. xxxiv. fig. 6 (1859). Tropidoclonion lineatum, Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad. 1860, p. 76; H. <" . Bull. Illin. Lab, iii. 1891, p. 187; Stejneger, . US, Nat. Mus. xiv. 1891, p. 504. : Storeria lineata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 32, pl. i. fig. 4 (1883). is Oy lineatum iowz, Call, Am. Journ. Sc. § Art, (3) xli. » p. 298.
Rostral small, a little broader than deep; nasal semidivided ; i3 loreal present, elongate, low ; internasals broader than long, shorter x than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 1+2; five or six upper labials, third, or third and fourth, enter- ing the eye; posterior chin-shields very short and in contact in front. Scales in 17 or 19 rows, strongly keeled, the two outer rows smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 138-150; anal entire ; subcaudals 32-36. Light greyish brown above, with a pale yel- lowish or grey vertebral stripe; the vertebral stripe bordered on each side by a series of black dots ; a white lateral stripe along the
second and third rows of scales; belly white, with two longitudinal
series of black spots. Total length 250 millim.; tail 35. Grows to 366 millim. United States, east of the Rocky Mountains and west of Ohio and Mississippi. VOL, I, Vv
j 7 § -
. © fib . i ee
290 COLUBRID. (Se. 19; V. 198; St Louis, Missouri. Dr. 8. Garman [P.}.
2 Se 19; V. 138; St. Louis, Missouri. © A, Erwin Brown, C, 36). Esq. [P.].
19. AMPHIARDIS.
Amphiardis, Cope, Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xi. 1888, p. 391, and xiv. 1891, p. 675.
Teeth equal. Head saad not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; no preocular; loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical; scales keeled, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses . developed throughout the vertebral column.
Texas.
This genus appears to be intermediate between Ischnognathus and Haldea, agreeing with the former in having two internasals, with the latter in the absence of preeocular.
1. Amphiardis inornatus. Virginia inornata, Garman, N. Am. Rept. p. 97 (1883). ‘Amphiardis inornatus, Cope, ll. ec.
Head subconical; snout short, blunt. Rostral very small, not reaching the top of the head; loreal elongate; one postocular ; temporals 141; five upper labials, third and fourth entering the . eye; posterior ‘chin-shields half as long as the anterior. Scales keeled, lustrous, in 17 rows, outer row faintly keeled. Ventrals 125-129 ; anal divided; subcaudals 36. Uniform brownish olive above, whitish beneath.
Total length 260 millim. ; tail 45.
Near Dallas, Texas.
20. HALDEA.
Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. . ii. p. 25 (1837).
Conocephalus (non Thumb.), Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 442, and Erp. Gén. vi. . 138 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 17 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862; p, 24; Bocourt, Miss. So. Mex., Rept. p. 541 (1883).
Haldea, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. foes "Rept. p. 122 (1853).
Falconeria, T’heob. Cat. Ena 6 As. Soc, Mus. p. 44 (1868).
Potamophis, Garman, Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 105.
Maxillary teeth very small, subequal, 16 to 18; anterior mandi- bular teeth a little larger than the posterior, Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; a single inter- nasal; no preocular, loreal and’ prefrontal entering the eye. Body cy ‘lindrical ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 17 rows ; yentrals rounded. Tail short ; ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
North America.
-
oe >
21. stREPTOPHORUS. 291
1. Haldea striatula.
Coluber striatulus, Linn. S. N. i. p. o76 Oe Daud. Rept. vii. . 200 (1808) ; Harlan, Journ, Ac. Philad. y. 1827, p. 364, and ed. Phys. Res. p. 117 (1835). Calamaria striatula, Schleg. Phys. “1% ii, p. 43 (1837); Holbr. N. Am, Herp. iii. p. 123, pl. xxix. (1842). sie or us striatulus, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 442, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 140 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 17 (1858) ; — Icon. ee el pl. iii. fig. 1 (1865); Bocourt, sage CL., t. p. 541,pl. xxxii. fig. 5 (1883); Bouleng. . . Rept. ay (1800) Haldea striatula, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 122 (1858); H. Garm. Bull. Illin. Lab. iii. 1892, p. 306. Falconeria bengalensis, Theob. Cat. t. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868), — Cat. ac Brit. Ind. P. 145 (1876). 2 (1888) irginia stria Garm. N. Am. t. p. 97, pl. vii. fig. 2 ( ’ Potamophis striatula, Garm. Dull Boose Toe. ln 1682, p- 105, P Potamophis inornatus, Garm. 1. ¢.
Snout obtusely pointed. Rostral small, nearly as deep as broad ; internasal small, nearly twice as broad as long ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal at least three times as long as deep; one postocular; temporals 1+1 or 142; five (or four) upper labials, third and fourth (or second and third) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales keeled, in 17 rows. Ventrals 114-135; anal single (rarely divided) ; sub- caudals 36-50, the anterior sometimes single. Brown above, yellowish (salmon-red) inferiorly.
Total length 250 millim.; tail 42.
Texas, Mississippi Valley and eastwards.
“fr gv 121,118; Pensacola, Florida. C. Bollman, Esq. [C.]. . 42, 41). e. 2 (V. 128; C. 40). New Orleans.
21. STREPTOPHORUS.
Streptophorus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ae. Sc. xxiii. 1853, P 468, and rp. Gén. vii. p 514 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col, Sn. p. 16 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii, 1863, p. 25; Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 544 (1883). Ninia, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 49 (1853) ; , Proe, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 339; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr. 1881, p- 49.
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 15 to 18; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, more or less distinct from neck; eye small, with ver- tically subelliptical pupil ; posterior nasal concave ; no preocular ® ; loreal and usually prefrontal entering the eye. Body moderate,
° ee ne ee U
292 COLUBRID,
cylindrical ; scales striated and keeled, with apical pits, in 19 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate or rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
column. Central America; North-western South America.
Synopsis of the Species. Subcaudals 75-101; five or six upper . labigha esc ohicc mics: ea ao Barre ea 1. diadematus, p. 292. — Subcaudals 100 ; seven upper labials, pos- ABFIOE MOPEOIIES, 5 cise ¥en XS bared sipmipis ad 2. labiosus, p. 293. Subcaudals 37-67 ; seven or eight upper BPRS 2 3, cbicctl shies Wd a nw yelalt-o UN Oe ne 3. atratus, p. 293.
1. Streptophorus diadematus. Ninia diademata, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 49 (1853); Cope, Proe. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340. Streptophorus bifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 520 (1854) ; — Cat. p. 16 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac, Philad, 1 60, p. 77; Jan, Are Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 26, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. iii. fig. %
ees) Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mev., Rept. p. 545, pl. xxxii. fig. 10 (1883
Rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals and supraoculars small; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep; two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2 or 2+3; six (exceptionally five) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, sixth longest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields small. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 136-156; anal entire; subcaudals 75-101. Dark brown or blackish grey above, usually with a light spot on each of the outer scales ; upper lip and occiput yellowish ; the yellowish collar may — be interrupted in the median line; belly and lower surface of tail yellowish, with three longitudinal series of large black spots, or black with a light border to each shield.
Total length 415 millim.; tail 125.
Mexico. a. 2 (V. 142; C. 83). Mexico. M. Sallé [C.}. b-e. 5 (V. 140, 148; C. Huatuzco, Vera Cruz. F. D, Godman & O, 96, 101) & 9 (V. 156, Salvin, Esqrs. [P.]. 5 Me! OY. 487 Oo T Tab Mr. H. H.Smith{C gr. 18 ea abasco. Mr. H. H.Smith{[C. }. 92). oe F. D.Godman & Salvin, eich (P.}. g-h. Agr. d (V.140, 147; Oaxaca. Mr. Hoege [
C. 87, 97)
. : d .
21. sTREPTOPHORUs. 293
2. Streptophorus labiosus.
Streptophorus labiosus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mewx., Rept. p. 550, xxxii. fig. 6 (1883). Ninia labiosa, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat, Mus. no, 32, 1887, p. 75.
Rostral about once and a half as broad as deep, visible from above ; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal but little longer than deep; two ‘postoculars, the upper fused with the su temporals 1+2, keeled; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth, sixth, and seventh keeled ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields short. Scales in 19 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 145; anal entire; subcaudals 100. Dark brown above, with an orange collar; upper lip and lower parts yellow; a brown dot in the middle of each ventral.
Total length 313 millim.; tail 102.
Guatemala. 7
3. Streptophorus atratus.
Coluber atratus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1845, Ps i Streptophorus sebae, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 515 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. . 16 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 27, and
con, Gén. 1, pl. iii. figs. 4-6, & 13, pl. i. fig. 1 (1865) ; Bocourt. ee » Rept. p. 546, pls. xxxii. fig. 7, & xxxiii. fig. 1 1
Bail Daim. § Bibr. t. ce. p. 518; Giinth. le.
— lanshergi, Dum. § Bibr. lL.c. ; Jan, ll. cc. p. 26, 1. 13, pl. i, fig. 2; Bocourt, 1. c. p. 551, pl. xxxii. fig. 9.
Ela dis fasciatus, Hallow. Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) iii. 1855, p. 35,
Bccuchers atratus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 76.
Ninia atrata, Cope, t.c. p. 340, and Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus, no. 32, 1886, p. 74
— lnsherg, Cone, Pre Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 340.
—— seb
Streptophorus maculatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 924; Bocourt, l. c. p. 548, pl. xxxiii. fig. 3.
—— seb, vars. maculatus, collaris, schmidti, drozii, Jan, W. ce.
Ninia sebw, subsp. tessellatus, Cope, Jowrn, Ac. Philad, (2) viii. 1876, p. 145.
—— spi ogaster, Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Fr, 1881, Doe
Streptophorus maculatus, var. pavyimentatus et tesse tus, Bocourt, lc. pp. 549, 550, pls. xxxii. fig. 8, & xxxiii. figs. 2 & 4.
Rostral once and a half to twice as broad as deep, more or less visible from above; internasals and supraoculars small; frontal about as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal once and a half to twice as long as deep ; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals 142; seven or eight upper labials ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-thields; ; posterior chin-shields small. Scales in
294 é COLUBRID.
19 rows, more or less strongly keeled. Ventrals 130-157; anal entire; subcaudals 37-67. Coloration very variable.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 60.
From Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador.
A. Five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; fourth, fourth and fifth, or third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. Dark brown or blackish above, with or without a yellowish collar; belly yellowish, uniform or dotted with brown. (S. lansbergi, D. & B.; N. spilogaster, Peters.)
a. 9 (V. 143; C. 43). Intac, E. Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.}. b. 2 (V.149; meee Pallatanga, E. Ecuador. Mr. Buckley [C.]. c-d. 9 (V. 148; C.51) Puerto Caballo. Prof. Peters [ P.}.
& hgr. (V. 142; C.?).
e, f. 2 (V. 153, 147; Caracas. C. 47, 49). ,
g- 3 (V. 150; C. 59). Colombia.
B. Four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; fourth, or third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. Dark brown or blackish above, with a more or less distinct yellowish collar or occipital blotch ; belly yellowish or brown. (C. atratus, Hallow. ; S. drozii, D. & B.)
a. 9 (V. 153; C.47). W. Ecuador. Mr. Fraser [C}. b, 9 (V. 157; C. 50). Puerto Cabello. Prof. Peters [P.].
C. Four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; third and fourth upper labials entering the eye. Head and body brown or purplish grey above; a black bar across the nape; black spots or cross bars on the back ; belly yellowish, with square black spots, which may become con- fluent and form three stripes. (S. maculatus, Peters, pavi- mentatus, Bocourt.)
a-d. 3 (V. 142; C. 62)& 9 Cartago, Costa Rica. (V. 141, 155, 140; CO. 50, 53, 52). e. d (V. 180; C. 56). Chontales, Nicaragua.
D. Four (rarely five) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; third and fourth (rarely fourth and fifth) upper labials entering the eye. Head and nape black, separated by a yellow collar; body red or reddish brown above, uniform, or spotted, or barred with black ; belly yellow, uniform or dotted with brown. (S. sebe, D. & B.; E. fasciatus, Hallow. ; S. col- —
laris, Jan.) a. 3 (V. 140; C. 65). Chontales, Nicaragua. ; b. 2 (V. 188; C. 50). Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.}. ec. 9 (V. 186; C. 50). eT coast of Guate- O. Salvin, Esq. [C.). mala, d. 9 (V.146; 0.51). Yzabal. __ O, Salvin, Esq. [0.}. -
«~
22. cHERSODROMUS,
ef. 2 (W144; ©. 4 Honduras. & hgr. (V. 131, 0. 58). , g-t. g (V. 134; 0.55) British Honduras, F, D, Godman & O, & We, 139 ; Salvin, Esqrs. (P.} k. § (V. 187; 0.56). British Honduras. Colonial Exhibition. ug (V. dl; 0.67). Belize . So (V. 139,132; Teapa, Tabasco. Mr.H. H. Smith MA 56 & 9 (V. F.D, Godman & O, Pay ah ( 2) Jalapa, Mexi Mi Hoe b bie . 148; C. exico. “Mr. ; 7 9 SW Yaa, —_ | = —soyg. (V. 186; C. 50). es ¢-0, av. 141; €.?), Mexico. Mr, Hugo Finck [C.}. -. 9¢ pats 01 Ae oe ewe , 132 4 Mexico. M. Sallé [C.1, 187; 0.60). °° 3
= 2 (V. 145; C. 46). Mexico,
22. CHERSODROMUS.
Chersodromus, Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1860, p. 242; Jan, Arch. Zool. oa Phys. ii. 1862, p. 25; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 552
Opisthiodon, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1861, p. 460.
Maxillary bone very short, not extending forwards beyond the ines, with about 10 small, equal teeth ; mandibular teeth equal. small, slightly distinct from neck; eye very small, with vertically subelliptical pupil; posterior nasal concave; a single pra- frontal; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Body moderate, cylindrical; scales striated and keeled, without its, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral
“Mexico and Guatemala.
1. Chersodromus liebmanni.
Chersodromus liebmanni, Reinh. Vid. Meddel. 1860, P. 243; Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 617; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii.
1 Se, Rept. p. 552, pl. xxxiv. fig. 8 (1883). — nigricans, Rewnh. i. De 245, Opisthiodon torquatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 461.
Rostral once and a half as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals small ; frontal broader than long, scarcely longer than the prefrontal, much shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; two postoculars, upper usually fused with the supraocular, which is very small; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in
Bp. 25, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. iii. fig. 2 (1865); Bocourt, Mise. ex.
yr
296 COLUBRID,
contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are in contact with the mental; posterior chin-shields short. Scales in 17 rows, rather feebly keeled, outer row smooth or faintly keeled. Ventrals 180- 138 ; anal entire; subcaudals 36-42. Blackish above ; a yellowish band crosses the temples and parietals; lower parts yellowish white, spotted or dotted with black.
Total length 285 millim.; tail 48,
Mexico and Guatemala,
a. o (V. 188; ©. 36). Huatuzco, Mexico. F. D. Godman & O, Sal- vin, Esqrs. [P.}.
23. HYDRABLABES. Hydrablahbes, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 348.
Maxillary teeth small, equal, about 18; mandibular teeth small, equal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril valvular, an oblique slit between two nasals; three pairs of chin-shields, Body cylindrical, elongate ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Borneo,
1. Hydrablabes periops.
Ablabes periops, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 595, fig. ayapisles periops, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vii. 1891, p. 344.
Snout short and broad, not projecting. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals not half as large as the prefrontals, usually forming a suture with the loreal; frontal nearly as broad as long, more than twice as broad as the supra- ocular, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; two pree-, two post-, and two or three suboculars, the eye completely separated from the labials; temporals 1+ 2; eight or nine upper labials; three pairs of chin-shields, second largest and separating the third. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 190-209, the last divided; anal divided ; subcaudals 62-74. Olive-brown above, with a more or less distinct yellowish streak along each side of the body anteriorly ; sides blackish ; ventrals whitish, edged with blackish; subcaud blackish, edged with whitish. be
Total length 450 millim.; tail 95.
Borneo,
a-b, 3 (V. 209; C. 62) Matang. (Types.) & yg. (V. 204; ©. 74). e. d (V. 190; C. 70). Matang.
«
24. TRACHISCHIUM.
2. Hydrablabes preefrontalis. Ablabes periops, var. preefrontalis, Mocquard, Le Natur. 1890, p. 154, ind ee Ah us. (8) i 1000, 187, pli ix. J : rontalis, Bouleng. Ann. . N. HH. (6) vii. 891, ai : x /
Distinguished from the preceding by the fusion of the prefrontals into a single shield, and 15 rows of scales. Ventrals 178-180. Olive-brown above, with two pairs of blackish longitudinal streaks.
Kina Baloo, North Borneo.
24. TRACHISCHIUM.
Trachischium, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 30 (1858); Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 284 (1890). Ablabes, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 223 (1864). Maxillary teeth 18 to 20, subequal ; posterior mandibular teeth shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, E with vertically subelliptic pupil ; nostril between two small nasals ; az prefrontals sometimes united. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, without apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail short ; ‘ subcandals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the
vertebral column. - Eastern Himalayas and Khasi Hills. 4 Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 13 rows, those of the ischiadic region keeled in the males. Prefrontal shield usually undivided; one postocular; 150 ventrals or more...... 1. fuseum, p. 297. Prefrontal shield usually undivided; one ; ' postocular; 132-145 ventrals ........ 2. gquentheri, p. 298. Two prefrontals ; two postoculars ...... 3. tenuiceps, p. 299. II. Scales in 15 rows, all smooth. Sixth upper labial largest ........ ancahs 4. monticola, p. 299. Last three upper labials subequal........ 5. rubriventer, p. 300.
1. Trachischium fuscum.
Calamaria fusca, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 288.
—— obscuro-striata, Blyth, 1. c.
Trachischium rugosum, Giinth. Cat. p. 30 (1858).
—— fuscum, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 161; Theob. Cat. t. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 45; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 171; Theob, Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 144 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
. p. 285 (1890). Ablebee fuscws Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 225 (1864). Rostral as broad as deep or a little deeper than broad, visible
298 COLUBRID.
from above ; suture between the internasals very short ; prefrontal usually single ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds or three fourths the length of the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and one postocular; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the ante- —
rior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small. Scales in 13 rows; __ those on the sides of the anal and basicaudal regions obtusely keeled =»
in the male. Ventrals 150-162; anal divided; subcaudals 33-42. Dark brown or black above and below, with or without more or less indistinct lighter longitudinal streaks above.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 60,
Eastern Himalayas; Khasi Hills ; Rangoon?
a,b-c. § (V.151; 0.39)& Q Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. ” (V. 160, 158; G. 36, 36). "i (Pl. aa a (V. 162, 155; C. 34, = Nepal. E. India Comp. [P.). f. & (V. 154; ©. 42). Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P..
( of 7. rugosum.) g. 2 (V. 160; C. 37). Sikkim, essts. V. in-
k. 2 (V. 161; ©. 88) & Darjeelin TO donde Esq h-k. 9 (V. oO. yg. arjeeling. . C. Jerdon, ‘ (V. 158, 159; ©. 36, 87). of
l. g (V. 150; 0. 89). Darjeeling. .'T. Blanford, Esq.
m-p. 3 (V. 158; C. 38), 2 Darjeeling. Col. Beddome [C.]. . 162; C. 36), and yg. (9 (V. 159, 158) ; C. 35, 39).
q. Hgr. d (V. 150; C. 41). Khasi Hills. * Pj Jerdon, Esq.
2. Trachischium guentheri. (Prater XIX. fig. 1.)
Trachischium obscuro-striatum (non Blyth), Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1860, p. 161. — guentheri, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 285 (1890).
Rostral as broad as deep or a little deeper than broad, visible from above; suture between the internasals very short; pre- frontal usually single; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and one postocular ; temporals 142; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields; posterior chin-shields small. Scales in 13 rows; male — with keeled scales in the anal and basicaudal regions. Ventrals — 132-145 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 33-38. Dark brown ubove, — with indistinct lighter and darker longitudinal streaks ; yellowish beneath, uniform or scantily mottled with brown.
Total length 280 millim.; tail 35.
Sikkim.
intweit [C.).
3. Trachischium tenuiceps.
Calamaria tenuiceps, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1864, p. 388 Ablabes tenuiceps, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 9. 24 (1864)
Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind.p. V54 (1876). .. Trachischium tenuiceps, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 286 (1890). _=
a Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; suture between the internasals about two thirds the length of that between =< - the preefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than ; oe one preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 1+1 or 142; six sc labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest,
sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 13 TOWS ; ‘male with keeled scales in the anal and basicaudal regions, _Ventrals 134-138; anal divided; subcaudals 34-39. Blackish
ellowish inferiorly. vtotal length 350 millim.; tail 50.
_ Eastern Himalayas. a. 3 (V. 138; C. 39). Nepal. Hodgson, }. V. 135; C. 37) Darjeeling. ieee ‘p. PER W. 134; C. 34). kee sa r
4, Trachischium monticola. Calamaria monticola, Cantor, Proc. Zvol. Soc. 1839, p. 50. eA gy Giinth, . Brit. Ind. p. 232 ( 1864); Theob,
rit, Ind. p. 158 ( 1876) Aviabes Racca Giinth. es Zouk Soc. 1875, p. 231. Trachischium monticola, Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p- 286 (1890).
Rostral deeper than broad, visible from above; suture between the internasals about half as long’ as that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; ; one prwocular; two
Q rarely one; temporals 141; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows, Ventrals 113-135 ; anal divided; subcaudals 28-44. Dark brown above, with two more or less distinct pale brown longitudinal bands edged on each side with a black line; yellowish inferiorly ; young with an inter-
5 oo greed collar. length 230 millim.; tail 30. Darjeeling, Naga Hills, Assam.
shige pe Xe | "135; C. 34). Darjeeling Col, Beddome [0 (Types.) d. 3 (V. 139; C. 33). Sikkim. Messrs. v.
— =F |
300 COLUBRID.
a-e. f (V. 118, 115; a 08 ee T. ©. Jerdon, oy 125; 0. ee Bitliypea of Ablabes atbboueech
198, 185 3 C. 82, oy
* V. 117; ©. 84) Darje T. C. Jerdo: : fg 195; C. 28, 28), 8 Beis ait (V. ‘119; o: 81).
5. Trachischium ? rubriventer.
Cyclophis rubriventer, Jerdon, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, p. 80; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 159 (1876). Trachischium ? rubriventer, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 286 (1890).
One pree- and two postoculars ; six upper labials, the last three — subequal in size; temporals 14+1. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals ~ 127-135; subcaudals 33-38. Brown, with a pale lateral band from the eye to the tip of the tail; below this, a mottled brown and yellowish band ; chin, throat, and anterior part of neck yellow, the rest of the lower parts red.
Total length 200 millim. ; tail 30.
Khasi Hills.
25. RHABDOPS.
Ablabes, part., Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 223 (1864).
Grotea (non Cress. ), Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus., Journ, As. Soe. Beng. 1868,
ieadvspdlophns part., Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 299 (1890).
Maxillary short, but extending beyond the palatine, with 10 to 12 small and subequal teeth; mandibular teeth subequal. Head small, much depressed, not distinct from neck ; eye very small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril in a semidivided nasal. "Body much elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail rather long ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
_ India, Southern China.
1. Rhabdops olivaceus. (Prare XIX. fig. 2.)
Ablabes olivaceus, Beddome, Madras Quart. Journ. Med. Sc. 1863 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. D 227 (1864). Pseudocyclophis olivaceus, Bouleng. Fok Ind., Rept. p. 300 (1890).
Rostral large, twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal divided below the nostril; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal only a little if at all longer than broad, three or four times as broad as the supraocular, much longer than its distance from the end of the snout and a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; two pre-and two postoculars; temporals 1+1; five upper labials, third entering the eye, fifth very large; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as the
26. PLAGIOPHOLIS. 301
anterior, separated from each other by two scales. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 206-215; anal divided; subcaudals 68-73. Dull olive-green above and below, with four longitudinal series of small black spots on the back.
Total length 540 millim. ; tail 95.
Southern India. a. d (V. 215; 0.73), Manantoddy, Wynad. Col. Beddome [C.]. 6. 2 (V. 206; C.68). Wynad. ome [C.}.
2. Rhabdops bicolor.
Calamaria bicolor, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, p. 289.
Ablabes bicolor, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 226 (1864); yt An, Zool, Res. Yunnan, p. 809 (1879).
Grotea bicolor, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus, 1868, p. 45.
Pseudocyclophis bicolor, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 300 (1890).
Rostral large, more than twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; nasal divided below the nostril; internasal single, as long as or a little shorter than the likewise single prefrontal; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular very small; loreal as long as deep; one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1; five upper labials, the upper angle of the third entering the eye, fifth very large ; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are not longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 199-213; anal divided; subcaudals 58-77. Blackish brown above, brownish white inferiorly.
Total length 600 millim.; tail 130.
Khasi Hills, Assam, Yunnan. a. g (V. 213; 0.77). Khasi Hills. Dr. Griffith. b. 2 (V.199; CO. ?). Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.1.
26. PLAGIOPHOLIS.
Maxillary short, extending fowards but slightly beyond the palatine, with 16 small equal teeth; mandibular teeth equal. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil ; no loreal, prwocular in contact with a large semidivided nasal. Body short, cylindrical ; scales smooth, without pits, disposed obliquely, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals partly entire, partly in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the ver- tebral column.
Mountains of Burma.
1. Plagiopholis blakewayi. (Pare XIX. fig. 3.)
Rostral as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals much broader than long, a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal
i bl
302 COLUBRID A.
hexagonal, once and one third as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter ter thn the parietals, which are squarely truncate behind ; nasal large, as long as deep, divided below the nostril, forming a suture 1 the ‘ single preocular; two postoculars; temporals 1+1, first small, second large; five upper labials, third entering the eye; anterior —
chin-shields a little longer than the posterior, in contact with the —
symphysial and three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals — ( 125; anal entire; subcaudals 31, fourth and fifth, and eighth to — seventeenth entire, the rest in pairs. Dark purplish brown above, with two series of small black spots, grey on the sides; whitish beneath, speckled with brown.
Total length 245 millim.; tail 30.
Mountains of Burma.
a. 3 (V.125; ©. 31). Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway [C.]. 5000 feet. :
27. OXYRHABDIUM.
Stenognathus (non Chaud.), Dum. § Bibr. Erp. se vii. p. 503 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii: 1862, Rhabdosoma, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 10 (i858),
Maxillary teeth 30 to 35, small, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril pierced between two small nasals; a pair of small internasals ; no procular; loreal and preefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, in 15 rows, without apical pits ; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate, subcaudals in two rows. Hypa- pophyses developed throughout 5 vertebral column.
Philippine Islands.
1. Oxyrhabdium modestum.
Stenognathus modestus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 504 (1854); Agree Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 684; Jan, Arch. Zool, Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p- 28, and Icon. Gén. 3, pl. i. fig. 3 (1865).
Rhabdosoma leporinum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858). :
Stenognathus modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 169.
Rhabdosoma modestum, , Giinth. Proe. Zool. Soc. 1879, p77.
Geophis ie ischer, Jahrb. Wiss. Anst, Hamb, ii. 1885,
Ae i 93, ae, Sa Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1886, p. 106.
Snout obtusely pointed; rostral small, a little deeper than broad, ~ just visible from above; suture between the internasals one third or one fourth the length of that between the prefrontals ; frontal much longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, about twice as broad as the supraocular ; two postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, four anterior — small, fifth and sixth entering the eye, eighth very large five or four .
28. xyYLopnis.
lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, of which there is ‘ but one large pair. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 155-193; anal ¥
entire; subcaudals 50-68. Reddish brown above; upper lip and
lower parts yellowish; young with a yellow band across the nape. Total paths 550 millim.; tail 95. Philippine Islands.
a. «169; C, 53). Philippines. ud 4 is (One of Pe ‘om of of Oe tape
b. Yg. (V. 155; C. 62). Philippines. e. 2 (V.177; C. 56). Dinagat Island. A, Everett, bat to
aa
2. Oxyrhabdium leporinum. (Prare XIX. fig. 4.)
Rhabdosoma leporinum, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858). “ak Stenognathus brevirostris, Peters, Mon. Bert. Ac. 1872, p. 586. * —— modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p “4b0. , Rhabdosoma modestum, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Boe. 1879, p. 77. Geophis brevirostris, Boettg. Ber. Senckenb. Ges. 1886, p- 106.
Distinguished from the preceding in the following points :— Suture between the internasals half as long as that between the prefrontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, two thirds the length of the parietals, rather more than twice as broad as the supraocular ; seven upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 169-180; subcaudals 43-51. Blackish brown above; upper lip and bellly yellowish ; lower surface of tail brownish.
Total length 820 millim.; tail 105.
Philippine Islands. a. Q (V. 169; C. 43). Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.}. (One of the types.) b. 2 (V. 180; C. 45). Luzon. Dr. A. B, Meyer [C.].
28. XYLOPHIS.
Pla x (non Lasp.), Dum. § Bibr. Gén. vii. p. 500 1854); Tn dsch: Book, Anat Phys. ii. 1862, > 40. staid gos Recah pen part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn p- 10 (1858). his, part., Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 200 (1864). Xvi his, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1 8, p- 576; Bouleng. Faun. , Rept. p. 283 (1890).
teeth 20 to 25, small, equal ; mandibular teeth equal. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil; nostril — between two small nasals ; ; internasals small; no preocular, real and prefrontal entering the eye. Body eylindrical ; scales smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, without apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Southern India.
eS a. ee pe
304 COLUBRIDA,
1, Xylophis perroteti.
Platypteryx perroteti, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 501 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zoo. vo Phys. ii. 1863, p. 20, and on Gén,. 1 i pl. i. fig. 1 (1865).
Rhabdosoma microcephalum, Giinth. Cat. p. 12 (1858). :
Gorm oo Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 200, pl. xviii. . A (1864).
a epee Anders. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, P 33.
Xylophis perroteti, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p, 283, fig. (1890).
Snout rather pointed; rostral small, deeper than broad, just visible from above; suture between the internasals one third to one half the length of that between the preefrontals; frontal as long as broad, or slightly longer than broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, and two thirds or three fifths the length
of the parietals; supraocular small but yet much longer than the
single postocular; loreal much elongate and usually entering the eye; in some specimens, however, the prefrontal forms a short suture, with the third labial in front of the eye; six upper Jabials, third and fourth entering the eye, first very small, fifth largest; temporals 1+2; four very narrow lower labials in contact with the chin-shields, which are very large and in contact with the symphysial ; no posterior chin-shields. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 130-147; anal entire; subcaudals 17-38. Brown above, spotted with black, or with more or less distinct black longitudinal bands; sometimes an ill-defined yellow collar; lips black and yellow; lower surfaces black and white, or grey spotted with black, or nearly uniform brownish black.
Total length 620 millim. ; tail 35.
Hills of Southern India.
a, 2 (V.147; C.17). Madras Presidency. T. C. Jerdon, Hoy, |e -t
(Type of 2. microce, m.)
b-c. 5 (V.142; C. Malabar. Col. Beddome O.]. rao . @ (V. 147;
d. 3 (V.188; C.38). Coonoor, Nilgherries, W. Davison, Esq. [P.]. 5900 feet. e-f. 2 (V. 189; C. Kotagiri, Nilgherries. Dr. J. R. Henderson. a & yg. (V. 145; / 0
. 20). g. 3 (V.130; 0.31). Anamallays,4700 feet. W. Davison, Esq. [P.]. hk. 3 (V.189; C.29), —P Chatham Museum, t. f (V.148; 0.32), —P Dr. A, Giinther [P.].
2. Xylophis stenorhynchus. (Puare XX. fig. 1.)
Geophis stenorhynchus, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, P 230. Xylophis indicus, Beddome, Proce. Zool, Soc. 1878, p. 576. —— stenorhynchus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 284 (1890).
Closely allied to the preceding, but scales in 15 rows. Ventrals
ee ee
29. BRACHYORRHUs.
120-131; anal entire; subeaudals 17-31. Dark brown above, uniform or with three rather indistinct darker Jongitudinal lines, and a yellowish collar; lower surfaces uniform dark brown.
Total length 230 millim. ; tail 20.
Travancore and Madura Hills. a-c. 5 (V.118,120; C. _—_‘ Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.}. Gin) & g (V. 129 ; (Types.) ¢ y 28 131; C. 17). Travancore. Col. Beddome [ Tou. 3 (V. 129; C, 31). Madura Hills, 5000 Col. Beddome feet. (Type of Xylophis fades. )
29. BRACHYORRHUS.
Brachyorrhos, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 519; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii.
p. 510 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col, Sn. p- 13 (1858); Jan, Arch. Zool. Brachyorthes, part, Wepi. 5 h. p. 190 (1830
orrhos, agl. Syst. or ( .
Calamara, cake Sokcer Phys. Serp. ii a 95 (1837). Calamophis, Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135. Mainophis, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 'S. W.ii. 1877, p. 36. Atractocephalus, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p- 62. Oxyorrhos, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb. (2) iii. 1879, p- 89.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 22, subequal; posterior mandibular teeth a little shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil; nostril pierced in a small, single or divided nasal; a pair of internasals (sometimes united); no loreal; prwocular present or absent. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 17 or 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout. the vertebral column.
Malay Archipelago and New Guinea.
1. Brachyorrhus albus.
Coluber albus, Linn, Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 24, pl. xiv. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N. i. p. 878 (1766); Merrem, Beitr. Gesch. Amph. ii. p. 30, pl. vii. (1790); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 49 (1803).
—— brachyurus, bogey Zool. iii. p. 470 (1802); Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. 89 (1820).
orrhos al Boie, Isis, 1827 ae 522 ; Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. o
); Giinth. Cat. p. 13 (1858); Jan, Icon. Gén. 13,
4 & 5 (1865); Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, xiii. 878, p- 385.
—— kuhlii, Boie, t. ¢. p. 540
Oe 21-23 ST), part., Schleg. Phys. Serp, ii, p. 33, pl. i.
ax gastrotenia, Bleek, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl, Ind. xxii. 1860,
cainophis jobiensis, Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 135. Mainophis robusta, Macleay, Proc. Linn, Soc. N.S, W. ii. 1877, p. 36. VoL. I. x
—
:
306 COLUBRID.
Brachyorrhos jobiensis, Peters § Doria, 1. c. p. 385.
Atractocephalus raffrayi, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 62.
vires fusiformis, Fischer, Verh. nat. Ver. Hamb, (2) iii. 1879, p- 89, pl. ii.
cal albus, var. conjunctus, Fischer, Arch. f. Nat. 1880, p. 226,
Snout obtusely acuminate; rostral as deep as broad, just visible from above; internasals as long as or a little longer than the suture between the prefrontals; the internasals are fused to a single shield in some specimens from New Guinea; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, twice to twice and a half as broad as the supraocular; preocular distinct or fused with the prefrontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142 or 2+3; six or seven upper labials, third or fourth or third and fourth entering the eye; a single pair of chin-shields, in contact with four labials. Scales in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals 160-182; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 20-46. Adult uniform brown above, yellowish inferiorly; young with an inter- rupted yellow band across the occiput and a brown streak or series of brown spots along the middle of the belly and tail.
Total length 190 millim.; tail 65.
Java, Timor, Moluccas, New Guinea.
a. go (Se. 19; V.170; C.36; a Timor. Leyden Museum. preocular; 4th labial entering the eye; a single temporal in contact with the postoculars). b. ¢ (Sce.19; V.177; C.36; no —‘ Ternate. H.M.S. ‘ Challenger.’ preocular; 3rd labial entering the eye; two temporals in con- tact with the postoculars). | c. Q (Se.19; V.182; C.27; no _—‘ Ternate. H.M.LS. ‘ Challenger.’ | preocular; 3rd labial entering | the eye; two temporals in con- : tact with the postoculars). | a. Ye. (Be. 10+: V. 178s: 00973 Amboyna. Dr. Bleeker. (Type
no preocular; 3rd and 4th of Rhabdion gas- labials entering the eye; two trotenia.) temporals in contact with the postoculars).
30. ELAPOIDES.
Elapoides, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 519; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 194 (1830) ; um. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 122 (1854); Gunth. Cat. Col. Sn.
bs 15 (1858). Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Elapoides, part., Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 20.
Maxillary bone very short, not extending anteriorly beyond the palatine, with about 20 small and closely set equal teeth ; mandi-
«
— ee es 5 At
30. ELAPOIDEs., 307
bular teeth subequal. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril large, between two nasals, the posterior of which is concave ; no preocular, loreal and prefrontal entering the eye. Body cylindrical, slender; scales lanceolate, keeled, without apical pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail long, eub- caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column. Malay Archipelago.
1. Elapoides fuscus.
60 py fuseus, Boie, 1. c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 123 (1854); Giinth, gh aed ~\ ami Jan, l. c. p. 21, and Icon. Gén. 12, pl. i. figs. 2 3 (1865
Calum clapoides, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 44, pl. i. figs. 31-33 Snout short, broadly rounded ; rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; suture between the internasals as long as or alittle shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal at least as broad as long, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular very small, the prefrontal entering the eye; a single very small .in contact with a narrow, elongate "temporal ; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth very large ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are about as long as the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 15 rows. Ventrals 146-158; anal entire; subcaudals 74-91. Dark brown or brown and yellow above; uniform yellowish inferiorly, ing to brown or brownish on the tail. Total length 470 millim. ; tail 120. Java, Sumatra.
A. Uniform dark brown above.
a. 2 (V. 147; C. 75). Java. Leyden Museum,
b. 2 (V. 155; C. 76). Java.
e-d, g (V.148, 146; Willis Mountains, Baron vy. Huegel [C.). C. 87, 91). Kediri,Java,5000 ft.
B. Dark brown above, with small yellow spots. e. 2 (V. 152; C.74). Willis Mts.,5000 ft. =< v. ae toes (Oe F. 2 (V. 158; C. P). Java.
C. Anterior half of body yellow, with a dark brown vertebral stripe and a series of small dark brown spots on each side; posterior half of back uniform dark brown.
g- 2 (V. 147; C.?) Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker, (Elaphis sumatranus, Blkr.)
x2
eo ae ele ae ee Oe ee a ij . a ah
308 COLUBRID.
. ACHALINUS.
Achalinus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p, 436. Ophielaps, Sauvage, Bull. Soe. Philom, (3 i, 1877, p- 108.
Maxillary teeth 22 to 25, small, equal; mandibular teeth equal. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with round or vertically subelliptic pupil ; nostril rather large, pierced i in the anterior of two nasals ; posterior nasal concave; no preocular, loreal extending from the nasals to the eye; postoculars not distinct from anterior temporals. Body cylindrical, slender; scales lanceolate, feebly imbricate, keeled, without apical pits, in 21 to 25 rows; ‘ventrals rounded. Tail long, subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
China and Japan.
Synopsis of the Species.
Scales in 25 rows; suture between the
internasals longer than that between the
PRMLONG a ih. eh airs wxlee alk oed cee 1. rufescens, p. 308. Scales in 23 or 25 rows; suture between
the internasals shorter than that be-
tween the preefrontals .............. 2. braconnieri, p. 309. Scales in 21 rows; suture between the
internasals as long as that between the
CFREF ASF a5, a aiapi nes SLRS 3. spinalis, p. 309.
1. Achalinus rufescens. (Prare XX. fig. 2.)
Achalinus rufescens, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) ii. 1888, p. 43. ;
Head narrow, elongate; rostral small, as deep as broad, not visible from above ; suture between the internasals twice as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal broader than long, hardly half as long as the parietals, four times as broad as the supraocular ; only the upper anterior temporal in contact with the eye ; temporals 2+2; three shields bordering the parietals on each side, the third very large and separated from its fellow by asmall scale; six upper labials, first very small, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth much elongate; three pairs of large chin-shields, immediately followed by the ventrals. Scales strongly keeled, some distinctly tricarinate, in 25 rows. Ventrals 186; anal entire; subcaudals 82. Uniform pale reddish brown above ; upper labials and a spot on the temple yellow; uniform yellowish beneath.
Total length 290 millim. ; tail 80.
Southern China.
a. 3 (V.135; C 82. Hong Kong. Cit El Type) Hong Kong ‘ (T ype a
32, HAPLOCERCUS. 309
2. Achalinus braconnieri. Ophielaps braconnieri, Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1877, pr
Achalinus rufescens (non Bouleng.), Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) iv. 1889, p. 220. .
Distinguished from the preceding by the following characters :— Suture between the internasals shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal thrice to thrice and a half as broad as the supraocular; both anterior temporals in contact with the eye; two pairs of chin-shields. Scales unicarinate, in 23 or 25 rows. Ven- trals 159-170; subcaudals 48-59. Uniform blackish, ventrals * with a narrow whitish edge.
Total length 550 millim.; tail 83. Southern China.
a-c,d. 3 (V.161,163, 159; —_—‘Ichang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C. GC. 57, 59, 59) & 9(V. 1705 ; — + * ).
3. Achalinus spinalis. Achalinus spinalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1869, p. 436, pl. —. fig. 1.
Suture between the internasals as long as that between the pre- frontals; frontal broader than long, about thrice as broad as the supraocular; temporals 2+2, both anterior in contact with the eye; six upper labials, first very small, fourth and fifth entering the eye, sixth very.long; three pairs of chin-shields, immediately followed by the ventrals. Scales distinctly keeled, in 21 rows, Ventrals 149 ; anal entire; subcaudals 62. Brown above, with a median black dorsal line; brownish yellow inferiorly, with a black stripe along the tail.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 115.
Japan (?).
32. HAPLOCERCUS. Haplocercus, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 14 (1858), and Rept. Brit, Ind.
p. 204 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept . 290 (1890). Aspidura, part., Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys, ii, 1862, p. 29.
Maxillary teeth about 10, moderately large, subequal ; posterior mandibular teeth a little shorter than the anterior, Head not distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; nostril between two small nasals and the first labial; no loreal; a single internasal. Body cylindrical ; scales keeled, without apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. ‘Tail moderate; subcaudals single. s,s a developed throughout the vertebral column.
Jeylon.
1. Haplocercus ceylonensis. a Ea ceylonensis, Giinth. Cat. p. 15 (1858), and Rept. Brit, nd. Pp 204, pl, xviii. fig. G (1864); Bouleng. Faun. 5 Rept. p- 291 (1890),
‘al mie - r i r
310, . COLUBRID, —
Aspidura carinata, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 30, and con. Gén. 13, pl. i, fig. 5 (1865). ceylonensis, Theob. Cat, p. 143 (1876).
Rostral a little deeper than broad, not visible from above; frontal as long as its distance from the end of the snout, three fifths the length of the parietals; prefrontals in contact with the second and third upper labials; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 14+2; seven upper labials, fourth, or third and fourth, rh entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields small, scale-like. Scales elongate, smooth on the nape, moderately keeled on the anterior half of the back, sharply keeled on the posterior half and on the tail. Ventrals 177-207; anal single; subcaudals 37-56. Brown above, with a black vertebral line, and, on each side, a series of small black spots ; an oblique yellowish, black-edged band on each side of the nape, which may disappear in the adult ; lower surface uniform yellowish.
Total length 430 millim. ; tail 60.
Ceylon.
a. d (V. 180; C. 56). Ceylon. R. Tem peta
(Types.) b. 2 (V. 207; C. 50). Ceylon. ree e. 3 (V.177; C.42). Ceylon. d-f. Q (V. 192, 188; Punduloya, 4000ft. E. E. Green, Esq. [P.]. - cot a on: yg: (Vv. 3, 39)
33. ASPIDURA. Aspidura, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p.191 (1830) ; Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 127 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p- 14 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 202 (1864) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 288 (1890). .
Calamaria, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 25 (1837). Aspidura, part., ‘Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii, 1862, p. 29.
Maxillary teeth about 20, small, equal; posterior mandibular teeth a little shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck; eye small, with round pupil; nostril between two small nasals and the first labial; no loreal; a single internasal ; pree- ocular present or absent. _ Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded ; tail short: sub- caudals single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column, _ |
Ceylon.
Synopsis of the Species. A. Scales in 17 rows.
a. Both postoculars in contact with the parietal ; ventrals 125- 150.
A preocular: supraocular more than half
length of frontal 5....0..550 00 eam ‘1. brachyorrhus, p. 311. 3 a
33. ASPIDURA. 311
No preocular ; supraocular not half length
OS er 2. copii, p. 311. 6. Only the upper postocular in contact with the parietal; ventrals 1U6-111.............. 3. guentheri, p. 312. B. Scales in 15 rows ................ 4. trachyprocta, p. 313.
1. Aspidura brachyorrhus.
Been eenrcethos, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 517. scytale, Schleg. Lh hye. Serp. Ms 42 (1837). Aspidura scytale, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 138 Abia’. —— brachyorrhos, why —— Cat. 1858). 90, and — scytale, ‘an, Arch 205) st hys. ii. 1 an Icon. Ophid. 13, pl. it i ii. fig. 2 (186 ses —— brachyorrhos, Oude Rept. Brit Ind. p. 202 (1864) ; Theod. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 143° (1876) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 288, fig. (1890).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, scarcely visible from above ; frontal a little longer than ite distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals ; supraocular more than half the length of the frontal; prefrontals in contact with the second and third upper labials, separated from the eye by a preocular ; two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, first smallest, sixth largest, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields small and scale-like. Seales in 17 rows, all perfectly smooth. Ventrals 139-154; anal entire; subcaudals 27-38. Pale yellowish or reddish brown above, with four more or less indistinct darker longitudinal streaks and a vertebral series of blackish dots; an oblique blackish cross band on each side of the nape; belly uniform yellowish, tail more or less abundantly freckled with brown.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 40.
Ceylon. a. 9 (V. 144; C.27). Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart. bk 3d (V. 141, 142, 139; C. 38,37,?), Ceylon.
a Q (V. 154, 152, 147; C. 30, 38, . 29), & yg. (V. 148, 141, 142; | C. 82, 35, 35).
2. Aspidura copii. idura brachyorrhos, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 14 (1858).
a copii, Giinth. Rep. Brit. Ind. p "508, pl. xviii. 4g E (1864); Theob, Cat, Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 143 tis76), Bouleng. Faun. Ind.,
Rept. p. 289 (1390). Rostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above ; frontal a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, three fifths the length of the parietals; supraocular very small, not half the length of the frontal; prwfrontals in contact with the second,
‘ - 2
‘ae
312 COLUBRID.
third, and fourth upper labials and with the eye; no preocular ; two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, first smallest, sixth largest, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields (which, in the type specimen, happen to be divided into two pairs); posterior chin-shields small and seale-like, Scales in 17 rows, those on the sides of the anal region and on the tail keeled in the male. Ventrals 125-150; anal entire; sub- caudals 20-33. Brown above, with two longitudinal series of large black, pale-edged spots; an oblique, black cross band on each side of the nape; lower surfaces yellowish, spotted or freckled with brown.
Total length 410 millim. ; tail 70.
Ceylon,
a. 3 (V. 125; C, 33). Ceylon. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 150; C. 20), District of Dimbola. Col. Beddome [C.},
3. Aspidura guentheri. (Pxiare XX. fig. 3.)
Aspidura guentheri, Ferguson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 819 ; Bouleng. aun, Ind., Rept. p. 290 (1890).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above; frontal as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, two thirds the length of the parietals; supraocular about half the length of the frontal; prefrontals in contact with the second and third upper labials, entering the eye; a preocular; two postoculars, only the upper in contact with the parietal; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, first and second very small, sixth largest, fourth entéring the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small and scale-like. Scales in 17 rows, all perfectly small. Ventrals 101-117; anal entire; subcaudals 19-27. Dark brown above and below, back with four longitudinal series of blackish dots ; head paler above; a yellow nuchal collar, interrupted in the middle and bordered with blackish posteriorly.
Total length 150 millim.; tail 20.
Ceylon. . a. Many specs., ¢ (V. 109,110, Ceylon, near the W. Ferguson, Esq. 110, 106, 106; C. 26, 25, 27, coast. [P.]. (Types.)
26, 25), 2 (V. 111, 117, 108, 110, 107; C. 22, 21, 23, 20, 19), & yg. (V. 101, 105; C, 25, 24).
b, e-d. Q (V. 107, 110, 108; Ceylon. Col. Beddome [C.].
C. 24, 22, 24),
ef. 2 (V. 139, 142; C.13,11). Ceylon.
34, BLYTHIA, 313
4. Aspidura trachyprocta. ‘
Aspidura brachyorrhos, part., Giinth, Cat. p, 14 (1858).
—— trachyprocta, Cope, Proc. Ae. Philad. 1860 p- 75; Giinth.
Rept. Brit. Ind. y. 203, pl. xviii. fig. F (iso vy Theos Cat. Rept.
Be Ind. p. 143 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 290
(1890).
—— acytale, , Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1862, p. 29, and
Icon. Gén. 13, pl. ii. figs. 1-3 (1865).
Rostral small, deeper than broad, not visible from above; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; supraoculars more than half the length of the frontal ; prefrontals in contact with the eye and with the second and third upper labials, separated from the fourth by a small preocular ; two postoculars, lower largest, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, first and second very small, sixth largest, fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields small and scale-like. Scales in 15 rows, tubercularly keeled on the anal and caudal regions. Ventrals 120-147; anal entire; subcandals 13-25. Brown or blackish above, with longitudinal series of small darker spots and a dark lateral streak, which are more distinct in the young ; lower surface blackish, or yellowish spotted with black.
Total length 4V0 millim. ; tail 30.
i
Sane ers C. 24) & Q Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart. ( ao, a (V. 137, Ceyl c,d. Many s ro ylon. ? y
138, 136, 3 25, 21,
, 9 (V. op 127, 125; C. rt 5, 17), & yg. (V. 144, 139, “141, 135, 12076. 15, 14, 22, 23, 24).
3 (V. 144, 139; C. 24, 24 Ceylon. B. H. Barnes, ed (Vv. 147; C. 23), ' Ceylon. oo ey Thvanned, as 34. BLYTHIA.
Blythia, Theobald, Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868); Bouleng. ‘aun. Ind., Rept. p. 287 (1890).
Maxillary teeth about 20, subequal ; posterior mandibular teeth much shorter than the anterior. Head not distinct from neck ; eye small, with vertically subelliptic pupil ; nostril between two small nasals and the first labial; no loreal or preocular, Body cylin- drical; scales smooth, in 13 rows, without apical pits; ventrals rounded. Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Khasi Hills, N. India.
4
4
|
r
. si ‘
314 COLUBRID,
1, Blythia reticulata. Calamaria reticulata, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xxiii. 1854, . 287. Blythia reticulata, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. p. 44 (1868), and Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 142 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 287, fig. (1890).
Rostral about as broad as deep, visible from above; suture be- tween the internasals one half to two thirds as long as that between the prefrontals; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, about two thirds the length of the parietals ; one post- ocular and one elongate temporal; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, first smallest, sixth largest ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shieldssmall. Scalesin13 rows. Ventrals 127-150; anal divided ; subcaudals 19-29. Blackish brown above and below, the lateral scales and the ventrals edged with lighter.
Total length 420 millim.; tail 40.
Khasi Hills.
a-h. 3 (V. 138, 150, 127,129; Khasi Hills. T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.] C. 27, 29, 26,28), 2 (V. 146, 138, 141; C. 23, 19, 24), & yg. (V. 182; C. 20).
35. PSEUDOXYRHOPUS.
Homalocephalus (non Zett.), Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys, ii. 1863, . 286. ae Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (5) vii. 1881, p. 359 ; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 311.
Maxillary teeth 16 to 18, the two posterior strongly enlarged and separated from the preceding by an interspace; anterior man- dibular teeth much larger than the posterior and increasing in size to the fifth, sixth, or eighth. Head scarcely distinct from neck ; eye small, with round pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth,. without pits, in 17 to 25 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather short; subcaudals all or part in two rows. Hypapophyses de- veloped throughout the vertebral column.
Madagascar. Synopsis of the Species. I. Scales in 25 rows .......... 1. microps, p. 315. II. Scales in 21 rows Rostral just visible from above...... 2. heterurus, p. 815.
Portion of rostral visible from above at least half as long as its distance from the frontal ................ 3. quinquelineatus, p. 315. III. Scales in 19 rows.......... 4, imerina, p. 316.
LV. Scales in 17 rows.......... 5. punctatus, p. 317.
35. PSEUDOXYRHOPUS, 315
1. Pseudoxyrhopus microps.
Pseudoxyrhopus microps, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) vii. 1881, p. 359, fig. ; Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 312, fig.
Snout obtuse, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- frontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2, anterior in conffict with the lower subocular only; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scalesin 25 rows. Ventrals 207-225; anal divided ; subcaudals 45. Uniform blackish brown above, yellowish or pale brown below; a yellowish band may be present along the upper labials and across the rostral.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 120.
Madagascar.
a. 3 (V. 225; C. ?). Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.]. , Bets wh. b. dg (V. 207; C. 45). Ankafana, Betsileo. Rev. W. D. Cowan [C.).
2. Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus. Homalocephalus heterurus, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
p- 286, and Icon. Gén. 17, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1866). P Pseudoxyrhopus heterurus, Betty. Abh. Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 525.
Snout obtuse, scarcely projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the pre- trontals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2, anterior in contact with the lower subocular only; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 155; anal divided ; sub- caudals 35, 14 anterior single, the rest in pairs. Dark grey above, yellowish inferiorly; upper labials dark with whitish edges; a blackish median line under the tail.
Total length 525 millim.; tail 105.
Madagascar.
3 Pseudoxyrhopus quinquelineatus. Liophis quinquelineatus, Giinth. dan. § Mag. N. H. (5) vii, 1881, 359, fi
» ¢ , Og. Viaadi est Ae quinquelineatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1800, p. 313, fig.
316 COLUBRID.
Snout prominent, subcuneiform, Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above at least half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2, the anterior in contact with the lower postocular only ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower ‘labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 21 rows. Ventrals 142; anal divided; subcaudals 45-47, Brown above; a broad margin round the upper jaw yellowish, both colours being divided by a sharply-defined line; five blackish lines along the body; a few brown spots on the labials; lower parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 490 millim.; tail 85.
Madagascar. a-b. 3 (V. 142; C.47) & 9 Betsileo. Mr. T. Waters [C.]}. (V. 142; ©. 45), (Types.)
4. Pseudoxyrhopus imerina.
Coronella microps, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H (6) i. 1888, p. 104,
pl. v. fig. 4. ) Liophis imerinee, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) v. 1890, p. 71. peerarey ope? imerine, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, Pp: ole, Ug.
Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, longer than its dis- tance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parictals; loreal a little longer than deep; one pre- and two (rarely three) post- oculars; temporals 1+ 2, the anterior in contact with the lower postocular only, rarely 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 137-148; anal divided ; subcaudals 40-47. Young pale brown above, with six or eight dark brown longitudinal lines, the median pair bordering a band of darker brown than the ground-colour; upper surface of head with dark brown variegations; a dark brown streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye, bordered below by a white streak ; upper lip dark brown ; throat brown, with white markings ; belly pale brown, each shield with a darker anterior margin. Adult with the dorsal markings more or less distinct, and the belly nearly black.
Total length 460 millim.
Madagascar.
rey
—— ee Le! ? 1 " * = ‘ " _ *
36. LYCOGNATHOPHIS. 317
a-b. Ye. (V. 148, 187; Madagascar. Rev. R. Baron [C.}, C. 47, 40). (Types of C. miecrops.)
e. 9 (V. 146; C. P). Imerina. Rev. J. Wills [C.}.
(Type of L. imerine.) d. Q (V. 148; C, 43). East Imerina, Rey. R. Baron [C.}.
5. Pseudoxyrhopus punctatus. 5S ig punctatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1880, p. 221, pl. —.
Pseudoxyrhopus punctatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) vi. 1890, p. 313. ~
Eye small. Rostral just visible from above ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal small, deeper than long; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2, anterior in contact with both postoculars; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 162; anal divided ; subcaudals42. Dark brown above, with longitudinal lines of black dots; a white line along the upper labials; lower parts white, ventrals black on the sides and with a median black spot here and there.
Total length 170 millim.; tail 26.
Brazil (?).
36. LYCOGNATHOPHIS.
Peammophis, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 201 (1887). Tro cee pert, Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 549 (1854); ee, Arch. Anat. iii. 1865, p. 203.
Maxillary teeth large, subequal, 20-22; anterior mandibular teeth very large, much larger than the posterior. Head very distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil ; no loreal shield. Body much elongate, rounded; scales keeled, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long; sub- caudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
Seychelles.
1. Lycognathophis sechellensis. eters gary seychellensis, Schleg. Phys, Serp. ii. p. 212 (1837), and
A pl. xliii. figs. 9-14 (1844). Tropidonotus seychellensis, . § Bibr. vii. p. 588 (1854); Jan, pA Zool, Anat, Phys, iii. 1865, p. 226; Giinth. Zool. Rec. 1869, p- 116.
Thrasops citrinus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 322. Rostral at least twice as broad as deep, not visible from above ;
a
—
aed
318 COLUBRID”.
internasals a little longer than broad, a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with the second and third labials; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 1+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 184-202; anal divided; subcaudals 92-110. Yellowish or greyish brown above, uniform or with dark brown spots ; a more or less distinct dark streak on each side of the head, passing through the eye; upper lip yellowish, usually with brown dots; hinder part of body usually with four series of brown spots, which become confluent into stripes on the tail; lower parts yellowish, usually more or less profusely powdered or dotted with brown; a more or less marked brown spot at the outer end of the anterior ventrals.
Total length 1000 millim.; tail 310.
Seychelles,
a-c, d, e-g. & (V.190; 0.?), Seychelles, Prof. E. P. Wright [C.]. @ (V. 197, 202, 193; C. 104, 101, 108), & yg. (V. 196, 189, 185; C.?, 92,109).
h. Her. (V. 185; C. 99). Seychelles, Sir J. Kirk [P.].
z, Skull. Seychelles,
37. ABLABOPHIS.
Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 50 (1837).
Lamprophis, part., Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847); Jan, Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 284.
Ablabes, part., Dum. §& Bibr. Erp. Gén, vii. p. 304 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat, Col. Sn. p. 27 (1858).
Maxillary teeth small, equal, 20 to 25; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apical pits,in 19 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column,
South Africa.
1. Ablabophis rufulus.
Coronella rufula, Licht. Verz. Doubl. Mus. Berl. p. 105 (1825); Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 74, pl. ii. figs. 18 & 19 (1837). :
~ a gia a Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1) no. 5, 1881, p. 17. p
Lamprophis rufulus, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. lviii. (1847) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 285, and Icon, Gén. 17, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1866). .
Ablabes rufulus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 8308 (1854); Gtinth. Cat. p. 80 (1858), ;
-
38, TETRALEPIS, 319
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; one (rarely two) pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 19 rows. Ventrals 158-179 ; anal entire ; subcandals 55-81. Uniform dark olive-brown above; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white.
Total length 700 millim.; tail 135.
South Africa.
a-c. g (V. 167; C.74) & Cape of Good Hope. Q (V. 164, 159; C. 58,
d. Vice (V. 179; C.72). . Cape Colony. J. Ba Weale, Esq. e. Hgr. (V.175; C.70). | King William’s Town. H. Ee: Esq. Ff. & (V. 173; C. 60). Port Natal. Ret H. Calloway a. 2 (V. 175; C. 69). Port Natal. Mr. T. Ayres [C.]. h-i. 2 ie 175; C.70) & Pretoria, Transvaal. W. L. Distant, Esq. k. og mY: ic 5 Ne Matabele-land. o align, Esq. 1. Skull. Cape of Good Hope. i
38. TETRALEPIS. Tetralepis, Boettger, Ber. Offenb. Ver. Nat. 1892, p. 124.
Maxillary teeth 14, third to eighth longest, the six last gradually decreasing in size; mandibular teeth increasing in size to the fifth, posterior very small. Head small, not distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil; nasal single. Body cylindrical ;
Fig. 18.
Maxillary and mandible of Tetralepis fruhstorferi.
seales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail rather short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Java,
ee oe
COLUBRID.
1. Tetralepis fruhstorferi. hae P Tetralepis fruhstorferi, Boettg. 1. e. p, 125. 4
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; suture between the internasals considerably longer than that between the pre- frontals; frontal once and one third as long as broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, considerably shorter than the parietals ; nasal rather large, twice as long as deep ; loreal as long as deep ; 3 one pre- and two postoculars; tem- porals 142 orl+1+ 2, anterior elongate ; four upper labials, third © entering the eye, fourth very long; four ‘lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 199-201; anal divided ; subcaudals 43. Dark reddish brown above, with an indistinct darker vertebral line; lower surface plumbeous or reddish grey.
Total length 502 millim.; tail 70.
Tengger Mts., Java, 4000 feet.
39. LAMPROPHIS.
Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826). . Coronella, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. i. p. KO (1837). om Lamprophis, ie art., Smith, iT Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847); Dum. & Bibr. ies: — vii. p. 427 (1854) ; Jan, ‘Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ; a. 2 ‘ya “Soha ha Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 195 (1858) ; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 168.
Maxillary teeth small, 15 to 18, anterior longest ; anterior man- y ; dibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head small, not distinct trout i
Fig. 19.
GEER
Maxillary and mandible of Lamprophis aurora.
neck ; eye moderate, with vertically subelliptic pupil. Body eine
drical ; scales smooth, without pits, in 19 to 23 rows; ventrals
rounded. Tail short, subcaudals in two rows. Hy pepophyaaaas
developed throughout the vertebral column, South Africa.
Synopsis of the Species. a I. Scales in 23 rows. ‘ Internasals a little shorter than the pra-
frontals; loreal a little longer than _ deep ; two pairs of chin-shields ........ ‘1, aurora, p. 821,
39. LAMPROPHIS. 321
Internasals much shorter than the prefron-
tals; loreal at least twice as long as
deep ; two pairs of chin-shields ........ 2. inornatus, p. 321. Internasals longer than the prefrontals ;
loreal a little longer than deep; a
single pair of chin-shields ............ 3. fiskii, p. 322.
IT. Scales in 19 rows .........+..., 4. fuscus, p. 322.
1, Lamprophis aurora.
* Coluber aurora, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. p. 25, pl. xix. fig. 1 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 379 (1766); Daud. Rept. vii. p. 5 (1803). Cerastes aurora, Laur. . Rept. p. 82 (1768). Duberria aurora, Fitz. N. Class, Rept. p. 56 (1326). stay aurora, Schleg. Phys. Serp, li. p. 75, pl. ii. figs. 20 & 21 Lamprophis aurora, Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept., App. p. 19 treet Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 431 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 195
Fistral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above ; inter- nasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to onee and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal] a little longer than deep; one preocular, not ex- tending to the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth, or third, fourth, and fifth, entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 170-182; anal entire; subcaudals 37-53. Olive or pale brown above, uniform or speckled with black; the scales of the vertebral series bright yellow or orange ; lower parts white.
Total length 650 millim. ; tail 120.
South Africa.
a. 5 (V.178; C. 50). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Statham [P.}. ~+—~0, 2 (V. 182; C. 37). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Lee [P.}. c,d. $(V. 179; C. 52) & Cape of Good Hope. yg- (V. 170; C. 51). e. d (V. 177; C. 52). Cape Town. ee G. H, R. Fisk
[P.}. fF. Yg.(V.172; C.51). King William's Town. a Trevelyan, Esq. g- Yg.(V.172; ©. 51). Orange River. ~ : annemeyer kh. Skull, Cape of Good Hope. a
2. Lamprophis inornatus. Lamprophis inornatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 464 (1854). Eye smaller than in Z. aurora. Internasals much shorter than VOL, I. Y
r
322 COLUBRID.
the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout; loreal nearly thrice as long as deep ; fourth and fifth upper labials entering the eye; two pairs of equal chin-shields. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 170; anal entire ; subcaudals 54-61. Uniform brown above, brownish white inferiorly.
Total length 260 millim.; tail 45,
Cape of Good Hope.
a. Hgr. (V. 170; C.61). Cape of Good Hope. Dr. Lee [P.}.
3. Lamprophis fiskii. Lamprophis fiski, Bouleny. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 398, pl. xxxiy. 4
Rostral broader than deep, not visible from above; internasals longer than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fourth as lorg as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, not touching the frontal ; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials. fourth and fifth entering the eye; a single sake of chin-shields, in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 178 ; anal entire; subcaudals 35. Lemon-yellow on the five median rows of scales, with large blackish-brown spots forming — a single series anteriorly, a double alternating series posteriorly ; head lemon-yellow above, with symmetrical blackish-brown mark- ings, viz. an oblique band on each side of the occiput, a horseshoe- shaped band passing through the eyes and across the snout, and a bar across the frontal ; lateral scales of body and tail brown in the centre and yellowish white on the borders; upper lip and lower
parts white. Total length 315 millim. ; tail 38. South Africa, a. Hgr. (V. 178; C. 35). Touw’s River. Rey. G. H. R. Fisk [P.].
(‘Type.)
4, Lamprophis fuscus. (Puare XX. fig. 4.)
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and one third as long — as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one pra- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye ;-two pairs of very short chin-shields, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 19 rows. _ Ventrals 198 ; anal entire; subcaudals 58, Uniform brown above; — upper lip, two outer rows of scales, and lower parts yellowish.
Total length 560 millim. ;: tail 100.
Cape of Good Hope.
a. § (V. 198; C. 58). Cape of Good Hope.
40, GONIONOTOPHIs. 323
40. GONIONOTOPHIS.
Se (non Gray), Mocquard, Bull. Soe, Philom, (8) i. 1889, p-
Maxillary teeth 26, anterior but slightly longer than the others ; anterior mandibular teeth likewise slightly longer. Head scarcely distinct from neck, much depressed ; eye small, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril large ; preocular present or absent. Body cylindrical ; scales keeled, with apical pits, in 15 or 21 rows, those of the middle row enlarged and bicarinate ; ventrals rounded or obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapo- ag ba developed throughout the vertebral column.
pical Africa, Synopsis of the Species. Scales strongly keeled, in 21 rows ; temporals Ro seep aa dsrar ic 1. brussauxi, p. 323.
0 SENSE Ee inionico 2. vossii, p. 323. MEETS 2 edb akc vaVb Cs dek a eeeinvc 3. grantii, p. 324.
1. Gonionotophis brussauxi. Gonionotus brussauxi, Mocquard, l. c. p. 146, pl. ii.
Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; in- ternasals very short; frontal as broad as long, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supra- ocular very small; loreal more than twice as long as deep; no preocular, the loreal and the prefrontal entering the eye; two postoculars; temporals 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 rows, strongly keeled, the vertebral sharply bicarinate on the posterior half of the body. Ventrals 176; anal single ; subcaudals 73. Blackish brown abeve, dirty yellow beneath,
Total length 440 millim. ; tail 118.
Loudinia-Niari, Congo.
2. Gonionotophis vossii. Gonionotus vossi, Boettg. Zool, Anz. 1892, p 418,
Closely allied to the preceding, but head shorter, prafrontals not longer than broad, and temporals 14+2,. Scales in 21 rows, the vertebral sharply bicarinate throughout the body. Ventrals 17 anal single ; subcaudals 76.
Total length 454 millim. ; tail 110. Cameroons,
324 COLUBRID.
8. Gonionotophis grantii. (Pxiare XXIII. fig. 1.) . Simocephalus grantii, Giinth, Ann. § Mag. N. H, (8) xii. 1868, p. 861.
Gonionotus grantii, Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891, p. 345,
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals very short; frontal as broad as long, not quite as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; supraocular very small ; loreal twice as long as deep; one pre- and one or two postoculars; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth sometimes in contact with the parietal ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales rather feebly keeled, lower row smooth, in 15 rows (19 on the neck). Ventrals 167 ; anal entire; subcaudals 67. Blackish brown above, the scales edged with lighter, yellowish beneath.
Total length 410 millim.; tail 90.
West Africa.
a-b. 3 (V. 167, 167; C. 67, ?). W. Africa. Prof, Grant [P.}. (Types.)
‘41. BOTHROPHTHALMUS.
Bothrophthalmus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 287 ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 57 (1863).
Maxillary teeth 23, anterior longest ; anterior mandibular teeth longest. Head distinct from neck ; eye moderate, with round pupil ; loreal region with a deep concavity. Body cylindrical, elongate ; scales strongly keeled, without pits, in 23 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical Africa.
1. Bothrophthalmus lineatus. Elaphis (Bothrophthalmus) lineatus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1863, 287
Bothrophthalivas brunneus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xii. 1863, p. 356, pl. vi. fig. E; F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii.
1885, p. 680.
melanozostus, Jan, Elenco, p. 62 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 20, pl. v. (1867).
lineatus, var. infuscatus, Buchh. § Peters, Mon. Berl., Ac. 1875, p. 198.
—— modestus, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 13. —— lineatus, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1887-88, p. 50.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, at least twice as broad as the
«
42, BOTHROLYCUS, 325
supraocular, as long as or slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal elongate, separated from the eye by the lower preocular ; two (or three) preoculars, upper largest; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; seven or eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, in 23 rows Ventrals 190-205; anal entire; subcaudals 64-82. Head yel- lowish or reddish brown, with black spots and two pairs of oblique black lines, the outer passing through the eye ; body blackish brown, uniform, or with yellow lines ; lower parts uniform yellowish. Total length 920 millim. ; tail 165.
West and Central Africa. A. Uniform blackish brown above. a. 2 (V. 205; C. 75). Fernando Po. (Type of B. brunnens.)
B. With five yellowish longitudinal streaks, which are narrower than the interspaces.
b. 2 (V. 195; C. 69). Oil River, W. Africa. H. geen Esq. << ce. 2 (V. 194; C. 64). Akassa, mouth of Dr. J. W. Crosse [P.].
Niger.
ge d, Hgr. (V. 190; C.66). Semumio, C. Africa. Hr. Bohndorff [C.].
C. With five yellowish longitudinal streaks, which are as broad as the interspaces,
e. 2 (V. 202; C. 74). Ashantee. Mr. McCarthy [C.].
42. BOTHROLYCUS., Bothrolycus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 444.
Maxillary teeth 20, forming a continuous series, the six anterior strongly enlarged; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged.
Fig. 20.
Maxillary and mandible of Bothrolycus ater. Head distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil;
loreal region deeply concave, the pit entering the eye. Body short,
cylindrical ; scales smooth, without apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals rounded, Tail very short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapo- phywes developed throughout the vertebral column.
est Africa,
—e ee
326 COLUBRID.
1. Bothrolycus ater. Bothrolycus ater, Gunth, l. e. pl. lvii. fig. B. Snout projecting, obliquely truncate; loreal region vertical.
Rostral a little broader than deep, not visible from above ; inter- nasals much shorter than the pretrontals ; frontal once and a half
as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout,
as long as the parietals; loreal elongate, entering the eye; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in19 rows, Ventrals 147-148; anal entire; subcaudals 18-22. Blackish brown above, head paler; pale brown inferiorly, with whitish dots or short streaks; lips and chin with a few whitish, black-edged dots. ;
Total length 460 millim.; tail 40.
Cameroons.
a. 9 (V. 147; C. 22). Cameroons, (Type.) b. 2 (V. 148; C. 18). Cameroons. D. é. Rutherford, Esq. [C.].
43. CYCLOCORUS. t
Cyclocorus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 460, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 885 (1854) ;. Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 208 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863).
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly ; three or four anterior teeth, in both jaws, increasing in size, the last large and feng-like, followed after an interspace by 12 or 13
Fig. 21.
a
Maxillary and mandible of Cyclocorus lineatus,
small maxillary teeth. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with round pupil. Body moderately elongate, cylin- drical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows ; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate ; subcaudals single. Hypapophyses developed through- out the vertebral column.
Philippine Islands.
=
i
p
i
44. poopon. 827
1. Cyclocorus lineatus. Lycodon lineatus, Reinh. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afh. x. 1843, p. 241, pl. i. figs. 7-9. Cyclocorus lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 386 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p- 208 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1870).
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer; two pre-and two postoculars ; tem-— porals 242 or 243; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, Ventrals 142-156; anal entire; subcaudals 40-53. Brown above, with three darker longitudinal streaks, the middle of which widens on the head; a lateral series of light dots may be present; lower parts yellowish, uniform or with triangular black spots; a series of triangular black spots along each side of the belly and tail.
Total length 520 millim. ; tail 105.
Philippines. a-d. 9 (V. 153; 0.47) & Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.?. hgr. (V. 142, 148, 144; Aes C. 49, 53, 48). e. ¢ (V. 144; C. 52). Philippines. Purchased. 44, BOODON. Lycodon, part., Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 521; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. . 104 ces7} ‘ as &
Bowdon, Dum. & Bibr, Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 400, and Erp, Gén. vii. aed (1854); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863).
Alopecion, . § Bibr. il. ce. pp. 462, 416.
E thus, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. A sho
Holuropholis, A. Dum. Rev. et Mag. 1. 1856, p. 465; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 200 (1858) ; Jan, J. c. p. 98.
Boodon, Giinth. 1. c. p. 198; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 133 (1882).
The five or six anterior maxillary teeth enlarged, forming a slightly interrupted series with the remainder; 18 to 24 maxillary teeth altogether; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck, more or less depressed ; eye small or moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body cylin- drical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 21 to 51 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short or moderate; subcaudals in two rows or single. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical aud South Africa.
328 COLUBRID,
Skuli of Boodon olivaceus.
Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals in two rows.
A. Preocular not extending to upper surface of head; usually, three labials entering the eye.
1. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; rostral about once and a half as broad as deep.
Frontal as long as parietals .......... 1. lemniscatus, p. 329. Frontal shorter than parietals ........ 2. geometricus, p. 329. 2. Scales in 23 or 25 rows; rostral nearly twice as broad as GOOD 0's on yaloeeet ap aay .. 3. infernalis, p. 380. . B. Preocular extending to upper surface of head, and often in - : ay contact with the frontal. ee _ 1. Seales in 23 rows. = _Subeaudals 47-61 ..... TOLER YT | . 4, virgatus,p. 331, ia Babeaudals 734 ats) 3.0.9 0.85.00 0 sco ee 5. guttatus, p. 331, ae .
44, Boopon. 329
2. Scales in 25 to 31 rows. a. Two pairs of chin-shields, in contact with each other.
Parietal shields longer than the distance between the frontal and the end of , the snout ..... Sa cae eat aecees 6. lineatus, p. 332. Parietal shields as long as the distance between the frontal and the end of RTs dos steer senses 7. fuliginosus, p. 334.
b. Only one pair of chin-shields meeting on the median line. 8. mentalis, p. 335,
II. Subcaudals single .............. 9. olivaceus, p. 335.
1, Boodon lemniscatus. Bowdon lemniscatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 365 (1854); Jan, Icon, pg pl. iii. fig. 1 (1870); Blanf. Geol. § Zool, Abyss. p. 457 ( >
Eye small. Rostral broader than deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals subtriangular, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two (or three) postoculars; temporals 1+ 2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 194-200; anal entire; subcaudals 41-60. Pale brown above; a dark vertebral band, extending to the end of the snout and forming a loop on the crown; a dark lateral band, three or four scales wide on the body, also extending to the end of the snout, passing through the eye; lower parts yellowish, with brown dots, which may form a streak
along each side of the belly, and one along the middle of the tail.
Total length 800 millim.; tail 110.
Abyssinia. a~-b, 3 (Se. 21; V. 200; C. 55) Ashangi. W.T. Blanford, Esq. &Q(Se. 21; V. 197; O. 41). P
eg (Se. 21; V. 194; C.60), Abyssinia. w Teneo, Esq. [C.),
2. Boodon geometricus.
Lycodon geometricus, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111 (1887). Hageethes geometricus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. Fos (1854). Bowdon geometricum, Jan, Elenco, p. 95 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36, = iii, fig. 2 (1870); Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p, 134 (1882) ; ‘ouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova (2) xii. 1891, a 14, Boodon seychellensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 330, pl. xviii. fig. C.
Eye rather small, Rostral broader than deep, just visible from
— = +
es oo,
ae a = Pore Se eee if
330 COLUBRID.
above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2; eight or nine upper labials, usually three of which enter the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 21 or 22 rows; ventrals 194-207; anal entire; subcaudals 50-60. Brown above, with three more or less distinct darker longitudinal streaks ; snout and sides of head pale, with a brown black-edged temporal streak, and another from below the eye to the mouth; lips with a few large brown spots; lower parts brown, chin and throat spotted with darker. Total length 850 millim.; tail 135.
Seychelles. a-c. (Se. 23, 23; V. 194,194; Seychelles. Prof. E. P. Wright [P.}. 2 59, 60) & Q (Se. 23 ; v. 207 ; (Types of B. veya 52),
3. Boodon infernalis. (Ptary XX. fig. 1.) Boodon infernalis, Giinth. Cat. p. 199 (1858).
Eye small. Rostral much broader than deep, not extending to the upper surface of the snout, forming a broad suture within the internasals, which are much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the pariétals; loreal at least twice as long as broad; one or two preoculars, not extending to the upper surface of the head; two (rarely one) post- oculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little longer. Scales in 23 or 25 rows. Ventrals 175-195; anal entire; subcaudals 48-70. Uniform dark olive or blackish all over, or lower parts yellowish.
Total length 790 millim.; tail 125,
East and South Africa.
a-b. § (Se. 23; V. Zanzibar. Capt. Speke [P.]. 176; 0. 54) & 9 (Se. 23; V. 179; C. 48).
c,d. g (Sc. 23, 23; V. S. Africa. Haslar Collection. 176, 175; C. 59,?). (Types.) e. d (Sc. 25; V. 195; Port Natal. as : Calloway JR. C. 70). se Sf. é ce 23; V. 194; Natal. E. Howlett, Esq. [P.}.
gy: Vier. ( (Se. 25; .V.195; Port Elizabeth. J. P. M. Weale, Esq. [P.}. h. ne. (Se. 25; V.186; Damaraland. | 51).
i
a
‘
i
|
———— T.
44. Boopon, 331
4. Boodon virgatus.
Coelopeltis virgata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 98.
Bomdon nigrum, Fischer, Abh. naturw. Ver. Hamb. iii, 1856, &: 91,
. pl. iii. fig. 2; A. Dum. Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 194, pl. xvii. fig. 2 ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. ii. fig. 5 (1870).
—— quadrivirgatum, Hallow. Proc, Ac, Philad, 1857, p. 56.
Boodon geometricus, part., Giinth. Cat, p. 198 (1858).
—— virgatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. T360, p- 261; Bouleng. Ann, Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 14.
—— lineatus, var. nigra, Boetty. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1887-88, p. 71.
—— ventralis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 329, pl. xviii. fig. A.
Eye moderate. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one or two preoculars, extending to the upper surface of the head and usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 186-212; anal entire; subcaudals 47-61. Uniform blackish brown, except the middle line of the belly, which is yellowish; two yellowish lines on each side of the head, the lower passing through the eye.
Total length 850 millim.; tail 120.
West Africa. a, 6.3 (V. 194; C.59)& Old Calabar. — Logan, ‘ 2 (V. 205; C. 52). [P.]. een
e. Yg. (V. 186; C. 61). Old Calabar.
d. g (V. 202; C.?). Ashantee.
e. Yg. (V. 190; C. 56). Interior of Ashantee.
Ff. Hgr. d (V. 206; 0.57). W. Africa. J. C. Salmon,
P gd (V.200; C.61). W. Africa. Esq, [P.].
(Types of B. contralis.)
-
5. Boodon guttatus. Lycodon guttatus, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8S. Afr., Rept. pl. xxiii. (1843). Alepecice annulifer Dum, § Bibr. vii. p. 416 (isoi)®; Ginth Cat. p- 196 (1858). Boodon guttatus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 14.
Snout rather prominent, the rostral well visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad; loreal trapezoid, elongate; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 142; nine upper labials, two entering the eye. Scales in 23 rows. Ventrals 196; anal entire; subcaudals
* Smith's and Duméril and Bibron’s descriptions appear to me to be drawn up from the same specimen,
a j - ri ie . oe
332 COLUBRID,
72. Yellowish brown .above, with several rows of reddish-brown spots with umber-brown borders, the two rows of spots along the middle of the back almost circular and largest; a dark brown blotch on each side of the back of the head, and a pair of dark longitudinal streaks on the nape; underparts pale yellow.
Total length 402 millim. ; tail 87.
Interior of South Africa,
6. Boodon lineatus.
Lycodon geometricus (non Schleg.), Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. pl. xxii. (1843).
Bozedon lineatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 363 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p- 200 (1858); Bouleng. Zoologist, 1887, p. 173; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 24-25, 1885, p. 184, and Ber. Senck. Ges, 1887- 88, p. 69, and 1889, p. 294; Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 18; Bedriaga, Amph. et Rept. I. de Guinée (Istituto, xxxix.), p. 32 (1892).
—- capense, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 364; A. Dum. Arch. Mus. x. 1859, p. 194, pl. xvii. fig. 3.
quadrivittatum, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad, 1857, p. 54.
—— quadrilineatum, A. Dum. 1. c. p. 193, fig. 4; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, As ii. figs. 2 & 3 (1870); Peters, Reise n. Mossamé,. iii. p. 133 (1882).
Alopecion variegatum, Bocage, Jurn. Se. Lisb, i, 1867, p. 230; Giinth, Zool. Rec, 1867, p. 141.
Boodon geometricum, Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lish. xi. 1887, p. 199.
bipreeocularis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 330,
pl. xviii. fig. B.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or shorter than the parietals ; latter shields longer than the distance between the frontal and the end of the snout; loreal longer than deep; one or two preoculars, extending to the upper surface of the head and frequently in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth (rarely also third) entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the antevior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little longer. Scales in 25 to 31 rows.. Ventrals 192-237 ; anal entire; subcaudals 47-70. Brown above, uniform or variegated with yellowish, with or without a yellow lateral streak; side of head light, the brown of the upper surface ending in a point on the snout, with a dark brown lateral streak passing through the eye, and brown spots on the labials, or head dark brown with two more or iess distinct light lines on each side; lower parts yellowish.
Total length 870 millim. ; tail 110.
Tropical and South Africa.
. > E ' e
i ——s + . + Te,
a lin sell
a
ESSE ee
44. Boopon.
A. Scales in 25 rows,
a. 3 (V. 195; C. 60). Tanganyika,
b. Yg. (V. 200; C.64). Rabai
e. Yg.(V. 196; C. 63). Pungo Andongo.
d. g (V. 211; C. 56).
e-k, g(V. 210; C. 64) & ae th 211, 194, 203, 193; C. 67, 60, 61, 53, 70),
1. Yg. (V. 203; C. 52).
m. Ye. (V. 208; C. 54).
n. 3 (V. 192; C. 68, partly
single). o. ¢ (V. 192; C. ?). p. 2 (V. 215; C. ?).
q. d (V.197; C.?).
r. od (V. 199; C. 58). 8. Hgr. (V. 206; C. 55).
t. g (V. 212; C. 66). u. Hgr. (V. 199; C. 65).
333
Sir J. Kirk [C.].* Gy sof Rey ~ v. }. ype
> -bipre- Mombas. Taylor ei eu. Dr. Welwi B. Scales in 27 rows. Lado. a pai Pasha Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk (C.]. Zanzibar ? os x Kirk ae) Kilimanjaro. ¥ Tanganyika, Sir J. Kirk [C.]}. (Type of B. bipreocularis.) Tanganyika. Sir J. Kirk [C.}. Nyassaland. H. H. Johnston, Blantyre Mission J. "Geax, Raq, [P.]. Station. Zambesi. Sir J. Kirk [C.}. Delagoa Bay. South African Museum [P. ao Port Natal. Mr, T. Ayres Wathen, R. Congo. Mrs. Bentley C. Miss Maco (P.].
C. Scales in 29 rows. vv. Her. 2 (V. 218; C.?)& Zanzibar.
w. (V. 204, 208; C. 51,51).
y. Her. 9 (V. 204; C. 54). a, d (V. 205; 0, 62) & 9
(V. 297; C. 53 B. 2 (V. 219; C.47).
Ye. (V. 201; C. 63). 3. ¥g. (V. 205; C. 60).
e. 2 (V. 231; C. 58). ¢. Yg. (V. 233; C. 58)
(One of ag types of Alopecion variegatum.) ).
o. Her. 9 (V. 297; 0 6. Her. (V. 205; ©. 57).
Mombasa.
Mpwapwa, E, Africa.
Nyassaland.
Zambesi Ex Sierra Preity
Benguela, Benguela. —
>ungo Andongo. Delagoa Bay.
Sir J. Kirk [C.1. D. J. Wilson, Esq. [P.}.
a H. J hastens
Sir J Kirk (0 om
H. F. Blissett, ree.
Nae ~ ea du ‘Bocage pe “hv elwitech
P.
8. ae Museum
* Although not alluded to in Dr, Giinther’s description of B. bipreocularis, this is the actual specimen from which the figure on pl. xviii. fig. B is taken.
334 COLUBRID.
wx. 2(V. 230, 225; C. 49,48). Orange River. it Kannemeyer
A. Yg. (V. 219; ©. 52). Near Grahamstown. Rev. G. H.R. P: p. 2 (V. 217; C. 50). Port Natal. Mr. T. én C.}. v. g (V. 209; C. 66). Natal. E. Howls; £. Q (V. 225; ©.?). Port Elizabeth. Mr i L. Drege P.}. D. Scales in 31 rows. o. 9 (V. 282; C, 55). Taveta, E. Africa, Keith Anstruther, Esq. [P.]. nm. Hgr. 2 (V. 216; C. 62). Coast of Guinea, p. 2 (V. 280; C. 52), Ashantee, o. Her. 2 (V. 218; C. 47). Sierra Leone. r. Her. ¢ (V. 202; C. 62). Congo. v. 2 (V. 220; C. 52.) Pungo Andongo. Pre, Welwitsch . 2 (V. 221; C. 53), Cape of Good Hope. Obaidam Mus. x. 2 (V. 225; C. 49). King William’s J. P. M. Weale, Town, Esq. [P.].
7. Boodon fuliginosus.
Lycodon fuliginosus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 551,
; unicolor (non Boie), Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p 112 (1837).
Bowdon unicolor, Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 359 (i854) Giinth. Cat. p- 199 (1858); A. Dum. Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. ‘194, 1. xvii. fig. 1; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. ii, fig. 1 (1870); Boettg. Abh, Senck. Ges. xii. 1881, p. 398.
Boodon fuliginosus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 15.
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its dis- tance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep; one or two preoculars, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 1+ 2, rarely 2+2; eight or nine upper labials, two or three of which enter the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 27 to 31 rows. Ventrals 205-237; anal entire; subcaudals 47-67. Uniform blackish brown above, whitish inferiorly.
Total length 850 millim. ; tail 100.
Soudan. a. Yg. (Se. 31; V. 214; C. 64). Cape Yubi. Fischer Collection. b. go (Se. 31; V. 221; Oo. 50). Semmio. oO . Bohndoift g (Sc. 27: V. 205; C. 62). W. Africa. ee y Far (Sc. 29; V. 224; 0.47). Africa, Prof. Grant [P.}.
e. Q (Sc. 31; V. 287; C. 49). Africa.
44, noovon, 335
S. Boodon mentalis.
Boodon mentalis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p. 331, pl. xix. fig. A.
Eye moderate. Rostral fully twice as broad as deep, not visible from above, forming a broad suture with the internasals, which are a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; pos- terior chin-shields very narrow and entirely separated from each other by the anterior. Scales in 27 rows. Ventrals 214; anal entire; subcaudals 54. Pale brownish above ; two yellow lines on each side of the head ; lower parts white.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 50.
Damaraland.
a. Hgr. (V. 214; C. 54), Damaraland. (Type.)
9. Boodon olivaceus.
Holuropholis olivaceus, A. Dum. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 466, and Arch, Mus, x. 1859, p. 196, pl. xvi. fig. 1; Giinth. Cat. p. 200 1858). Boodon poensis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, P 330. —— olivaceus, Bouleng. Ann. Mus, Genova, (2) xii. 1891, p. 15,
Eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or a little shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one or two preoculars, usually in contact with the frontal ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth or third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals 191-214; anal entire ; subcaudals 40—55, single. Uniform blackish brown, belly usually lighter brown, or with a yellowish median stripe.
Total length 850 millim. ; tail 110.
West Africa.
a,b. d (Se. 25; V. 194; Niger Expedition. C. 53) & hgr. (Se. 27 ;
V. 210; C. 40).
ce. 9 (Sc. 27; V. 208; Old Calabar, D. G. Rutherford, C, 4 Esq. O}
d-f. & (Sc. 25; V. 191; Cameroons. Fischer Collection.
336 COLUBRID A‘.
g-h. 3 (Sc. 27; V. 192; Cameroons. Rey. J. Pinnock [C.]. C. 45) & Q (Se. 27; V. 205; C. 42).
t. Yg. (Sc. 25; V. 214; Fernando Po. Zool. Soc, (Type of C. 44). B. poensis.)
k. 2 (Se. 27; V. 205; C. 43). W. Africa.
l. 3, skel. W. Africa. Sir A, Smith [P.}.
45. LYCOPHIDIUM.
Iiycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1837).
Lycophidion, Dum. §& Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 462, and Erp. Gén, vii. p. 412 (1854); Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 197 (1858); Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 96 (1563) ; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 134 (1882).
Lissophis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 59.
Alopecion, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 195,
Metoporhina, Giinth. 1. c. p. 197.
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly, the 6 to 10 anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size, followed after a short interval by 15 to 17 very small teeth ; mandible ante- riorly with five or six small teeth increasing in size and one or two large fang-like teeth, followed by very small teeth. Head scarcely distinct from neck, much depressed; eye small, with vertically
elliptic pupil; nostril in a single nasal followed by a small post- —
nasal; preocular much developed on the upper surface of the head, taking the place of the supraocular anteriorly. Body cylindrical ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 15 or 17 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short or moderate; sabcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical and South Africa. ;
Synopsis of the Species. I. Subcaudals less than 60; loreal separated from the eye by the preeocular.
A. Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 153-155; subcaudals 23-32. 1. meleagris, p. 337.
B. Scales in 17 rows. 1, Eight upper labials. a. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep.
a. Two labials entering the eye ; diameter of the eye not greater than its distance from the mouth; ventrals L7G ISB 1.6 csissiedlls ssh hia 3. laterale, p. 338,
fB. Three labials entering the eye.
* Parietal shields considerably longer than the distance between the frontal and the end of the snout.
> ey fF 4 p : een - eka (Ag oe Se ee ee ee ee , =
a “ae | My
45. LYCoPpHIDIUM. 337
Diameter of the eye hardly equal to its dis-
tance from the mouth; ventrals 140-
150; subeaudals 18-28 ............ 2. acutirostre, p. 338. Diameter of the eye considerably greater
than its distance from the mouth;
ventrals 146; subcaudals 30 ........ 4. semiannulis, p. 339. Diameter of the eye considerably greater
than its distance from the mouth;
ventrals 164-192; subcaudals 30-45... 5. capense, p. 339. Diameter of the eye not greater than its ; distance from the mouth; ventrals Z 164-189 ; subcaudals 28-33 ........ 6. jacksoni, p. 340. 2
** Parietal shields not or but slightly longer than the distance between the frontal and the end of the snout ; subcaudals 37-52.
lo. i St ees 7. irroratum, p. 340. UREA DOOMNLO 5.52. oct eve ens ess 8. semicinctum, p. 341. 4. Rostral but little broader than deep; ventrals 206; sub- Rs a Ss Seer 9. abyssinicum, p.342. 2. Seven upper labials, sixth largest ; ventrals 180-198; sub- caudals 34-56 .............. 10. fasciatum, p. '342.
IL. Subcaudals 72; ventrals 225; loreal entering the eye. 11. elapoides, p. 343.
1. Lycophidium meleagris. (Prater XXI. fig. 2.) Lycophidion horstockii, fee Giinth, Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann. P-
§ cu gh liga 427. —— horstockii, Jan, Icon. Gén, 36, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1870).
Diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals about as large as the nasals; prefrontals a little broader than long ; frontal as long as broad, a little shorter than its dis- tance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; prwocular as large as or larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 153-155; anal entire ; subcaudals 23-32. Black above and beneath ; a white dot on the end of each scale, the scales on the sides white in their posterior moiety ; ventrals edged with white.
Total length 260 millim. ; tail 25.
Angola. re ay 153; C. 23). Ambrizette.
(V. 155; C. 32). Ambriz. Mr. Rich [C.}. to. Ll Z
338 COLUBRID.
2. Lycophidium acutirostre.
Lycophidium acutirostre, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 427, pl. xix. fig. D.
Diameter of the eye hardly equal to its distance from the mouth, Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals a little larger than the nasals; prefrontals a little broader than long; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; preocular larger than the supraocular, broadl in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact wit the parietal; temporals 1+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 140-150; anal entire; subcaudals 18-28. Blackish brown, ‘uniform or ventrals and lateral scales edged with whitish; sides of the head and end of snout whitish with brown spots.
Total length 295 millim. ; tail 30.
Zanzibar.
a-e. 3 (V. 146; C. 21) & 9 Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.]. (Types.) (V. 140, 143, 146, 150; C. 22, 24, 23, 18).
J. Her. (V. 146; C. 28). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
3. Lycophidium laterale.
Lycophidion Jaterale, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 58. a capense, var. lateralis, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges, 1888, p- 68.
Diameter of the eye equal to its distance from the mouth. Ros- tral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals hardly as large as the nasals; prefrontals a little longer than broad; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout and than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; preocular rather larger than, the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 14+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 176-188; anal entire; subcaudals 32-44. Brown or blackish above, uniform or with more or less distinct large pale brown or yellowish spots on the back; two yellow streaks on each side of the head, confluent with each other and with their fellows on the snout.
Total length 490 millim.; tail 60.
Coast of Guinea.
2 (V. 186; C. 82). Acera, Gold Coast. A. Higlett, Esq. [P.].
a. b-c. g (V.178; C. 43) Cameroons. & Q (V.181; C.35).
|
ee
a
45, LYCOPHIDIUM, 339
_
4, Lycophidium semiannulis. Lycophidion semiannulis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1854, p. 622; Giinth. Cat, p. 197 (1858); Peters, Reise n. Mossand. iii. p. 135, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1882).
, Appears to agree very closely with LZ. capense, but the ventrals ; are wuch fewer, viz. 146. Subcaudals 30. Greyish blue or purplish above, with irregular black cross bars ; snout and sides of head yellowish, speckled with black; blackish brown beneath, the shields edged with yellowish. Total length 260 millim.; tail 38. Tette, Mozambique.
5. Lycophidium capense. Lycodon capensis, Smith, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1) no. 5, 1831, "p. 18, and Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. pl. v. (1838). ay neemonl part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111, pl. iv. figs. 10 & Lycophidium horstokii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 412 (1854). lee N horstockii, part., Gimth. Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 427. —— capense, A, Dum. Arch. du Mus. x. 1859, p. 197; Peters, Reise n. Mossamb. iii. p. 134 (1882). cae 7 ne mut. soulivaneealats, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. p. 6 Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals about as large as the nasals; prefrontals as long as broad or a little longer ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; preocular as large as or a little larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 1+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-192; anal entire ; subcaudals 30-45. Brown, purplish, or olive above; sides of head speckled or vermiculate with whitish. Total length 450 millim. ; tail 45. . Africa south of the Equator.
A. Brown or dark purple above, the lateral scales tipped with whitish ; lower parts whitish. (ZL. capense, Smith.)
rs Q (V. 188; C. 39). Cape of Good Hope.
b. g (V. 180; ©. 38). Port Elizabeth, J. . ts Weale, Esq. e. 9 (V. 189; C. 32). Port Elizabeth. J. Leslie, Esq
3 (V. 190; C. 30). Port Natal. Mr. 1 A mie g. (V. 179; C. 45. Zanzibar. Sir J. a
340 COLUBRID.
B. Dark purplish brown above and below, lateral scales and ventrals with a whitish edge ; throat white.
f. do (V.176; C. 87). iy Sod ~ Bragance, — Barboza du Bocage gola, ]. g. od (V. 182; C. 45). Nyassaland, H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.}.
C. Dark grey above, the scales edged with blackish; two series of black spots along the back, the anterior confluent into cross bars ; throat white; ventrals and subcaudals blackish brown edged with whitish. (Var. multimaculata, Boettg.)
h. 3 (V. 175; C. 84). Congo.
6. Lycophidium jacksoni. (Pxiare XXI. fig. 3.)
Diameter of the eye not greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals about as large as the nasals ; preefrontals a little longer than broad’; frontal a littie longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; preocular as large as the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal ; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; tem- porals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-189; anal entire ; subeaudals 28-33. Olive-grey above and beneath, the scales with or without whitish dots.
Total length 550 millim. ; tail 55.
East Africa, a. 2 (V.189; C.33). Kilimanjaro. F. J. Jackson, Esq. [ P.}. b. 2 (V.164; C.28), Lamu, E. coast of Africa, F. J. Jackson, Esq. | P.}.
N. of Zanzibar.
7. Lycophidium irroratum. Coluber irroratus, Leach, in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee, p. 494 (1819). Hypsirhina maura, Gray, Zool. Miscell. p. 67 (1842). Metoporhina irrorata, Giinth. Cat. p. 198 (1858). Eyogpbidinn irroratum, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) i. 1868, p. 426. —— nigromaculatus, Jan, Icon. Gén., 36, pl. iii. fig. 5 (1870). —— guttatus, Jan, l. ¢. fig. 6.
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; internasals hardly as large as the nasals; preefrontals a little longer than broad ; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, which nearly equals the length of the parietals; loreal longer than deep; preocular nearly as large as or larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh
45, LYCOPHIDIUM, 341
largest ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 164-189; anal entire ; subcaudals 37-52. Brown above, with or without a dark vertebral line; a series of transverse dark brown or black spots usually present along each side of the back, these spots wide apart and usually alternating with those of the other side; head speckled or vermiculated with dark brown; a yellowish, dark-edged streak from the eye to the angle of the mouth; ventrals and subcaudals dark brown or olive-brown in the middle, yellowish speckled with brown on the sides, Total length 420 millim. ; tail 57.
Guinea.
a. Hgr. (V. 170; ©. 39). Fantee. 1. E, Bowdich, Esq. (P-].
( .
b. 9 (V.189; C.42). Ashantee. Mr. MeCarthy [C.1,
e. 2 (V. 164; C. 37). Gold Coast. (Type of HZ. maura.)
d. Yg.(V. 164; ©.?). | Asaba, 180 miles Dr. J. W. Crosse [P.].
(V. 183; ©. 52) Wate 3:0, Salm (P
eg. db (VY. ; ©. . Africa. -C, on, - LP. & 9 (V. 180,189; C. Ret. (P-} 42, 48).
8. Lycophidium semicinctum. Lycodon horstokii, part., Sch/eg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 111 (1837). Lycophidion semicinctum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 414 (1854); Jan Icon, Gén. 36, pl. iii. fig. 4 (1870). —— horstockii, part., Giinth, Cat. p. 197 (1858), and Ann. § Mag N. a (3) xviii. 1866, p. 29, pl. vii. fig. A, and (4) i. 1868
p. 427. —— horstockii, var. albomaculata, Steind. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, \xii.. 1870, p. 334.
Diameter of the eye but slightly greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals hardly as large as the nasals; prefrontals as long as broad or a little longer; frontal as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals, shorter than the parietals; latter shields short, not longer than the distance between the frontal and the end of the snout; loreal longer than deep; preocular as large as or a little larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal ; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 190-210; anal entire; subcaudals 37-52. Black or dark brown above and beneath, uniform or with yellowish cross bars or a dorsal series of large sub- quadrangular yellowish spots.
Total length 545 millim. ; tail 65,
Senegambia and Guinea,
A. With yellowish cross bands. (ZL. semicinctum, D. & B.) a. 2 (V. 208; C. 38). <a
Ag we PPS ee eh , \ “ <= od “4, M4 —T 4 bg ae! aa - o “4 é . * ol ik. ee sy s i] ' oe , me ~~ : a, » we ' = - oe). » = - eee i : a — ~
243 — COLUBRIDA. B. With yellowish dorsal spots. (Var. albomaculata, Steind.) b-c. 2 (V. 200; C. 38) Gambia. Sir A. Smith [P.},
& yg. (V. 202; ©. 88). C. Uniform black. d, Q (V. 208; C. 42), W. Africa. Mr. Fraser [C,}.
9. Lycophidium abyssinicum. (Pxrare XXII. fig. 1.)
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth, Rostral but little broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals a little larger than the nasals; prefrontals as broad as long ; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the pariectals; loreal longer than deep; pre- ocular a little larger than the supraocular, broadly in contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the parietal; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields very small, anterior in contact with five Jabials, Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 206; anal entire; subcaudals 33. Purplish brown above and beneath, the shields and scales edged with white.
Total length 200 millim. ; tail 20.
Abyssinia.
a. Hgr. (V. 206; C. 33). 8. Abyssinia.
10. Lycophidium fasciatum. (Pare XXII. fig. 2.) Alopecion fasciatum, Giinth. Cat. p. 196 (1858). Lycophidium irroratum, part., Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (A) i. 1868, p. 426.
Diameter of the eye much greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, visible from above; inter- nasals at least as large as the nasals, one half to two fifths the length of the prefrontals, which are broader than long; frontal as long as broad or broader than long, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; preocular as large as or a little smaller than the supraocular, forming a short suture with the frontal ; seven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, sixth largest; anterior chin-shields longer and wider than the posterior, and in contact with four or five lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 180-198 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 34-56. Brown above, with black cross bars or alternating transverse spots; lower parts dark brown, the shields edged with whitish.
Total length 350 milliny. ; tail 60.
Guinea,
a. 2 (V.185; C. 84). W. Africa, | Mr, Rich [C.]. (Type) b, aT. 190; 049). Sicren Leone. [oy ie
~
a < ..
=
]
46. HoRMONOTUS. 343 e-e. g (V. 189, 188; C. _ Oil River. H. H. Johnston, Esq. { P.]. 42, 49) & Q (V. 180; f. ¢ (V. 198; C. 56). Gabon. H. Ansell, Esq. [P.].
11. Lycophidium elapoides. (Prare XXII. fig. 3.) Lycophidium elapvides, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1874, p. 444.
Diameter of the eye greater than its distance from the mouth. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals hardly as large as the nasals ; prefrontals as long as broad; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, entering the eye; preocular as large as the supraocular, broadly in " contact with the frontal; two postoculars, both in contact with the f parietal; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye, seventh largest ; chin-shields very small, the anterior in contact with four lower labials. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 225; anal entire; subcaudals 72. Yellowish above, with black annuli, which are a little broader than the interspaces between them, and interrupted on the belly ; head dark brown, sides dotted with yellowish ; belly yellowish, dotted with black.
Total length 410 millim. ; tail 90.
Cameroons,
a. 3 (V. 225; C. 72). Cameroons. (Type.)
46. HORMONOTUS. : Lamprophis, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp, Gén. vii. p. 427 (1854). Hormonotus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 56; Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 262. Heterolepis, , Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 98 (1868); Mocquard, Bull. Soe hilom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 8.
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly ; the five anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size, the fourth and fifth very large, fang-like, followed after an interval by 15 small equal teeth ; anterior mandibular teeth strongly enlarged. Head very distinct from neck, depressed ; eye large, with vertically elliptic pupil, Body compressed ; scales smooth, without pits, in 15 rows, those of the middle row enlarged; ventrals with a lateral keel. Tail moderate ; subcandals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
West Africa,
1, Hormonotus modestus.
Lamprophis modestus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 429 (1854); A. Dum, Arch, Mus. x. 1859, p. 197. Hormonotus audax, Hallow. Proc, Ac, Philad. 1857, 2. £6.
844 COLUBRID.
Hormonotus modestus, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 53 ; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891, p. 345.
Heterolepis glaber, Jan, Elenco, p. 98 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1870); F. Mill. Verh. nat, Ges. Basel, yii. 1885, p. 686; Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 18.
Boodon (Lamprophis) modestus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1875,
200
_> “(Alopecion) vossii, Fischer, Jahrb, Hamb. Wiss. Anst. vy. 1888, p. 3, pl. i. fig. 1. :
Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; in- ternasals as long as broad, shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal twice as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep; one pre- and two or three postoculars; temporals 243; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows, those of the middle row hexagonal and nearly as broad as long. Ventrals 221-244; anal entire; subcaudals 81-99. Uniform pale brown or fulvous above, white beneath; some or all of the upper labials with a dark brown spot.
Total length 730 millim. ; tail 150.
West Africa, from the Gold Coast to the Gaboon.
A. Two labials entering the eye; two postoculars.
a. 2 (V. 282; 0.94). W. Africa. J. C. Salmon, Esq. [P.]. B. Three labials entering the eye ; three postoculars,
b. bo (V. 236; C. 97). Fernando Po. Dr. A. Giinther [P.}.
c. oO (V. 244; C. 97). » Cameroons, Dr. J.G. Fischer. (Type
of Boodon vossit.) d. 2 (V. 281; C. 85). W. Africa.
47. SIMOCEPHALUS.
Heterolepis (non Nees), Smith, Ill. Zool. S. Afr., Rept. (1847) ; Dum. & Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. p. 419 (1854); Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1863, p. 359.
Simocephalus, Giinth, Cat. Col. Sn. p. 194 (1858).
ey Segre part., Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (3) xii. 1868,
. 359.
Haerolete. art., Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 94 (1863) ; Mocquard,
Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 8.
Maxillary and dentary bones angularly bent inwards anteriorly ; the 8 or 9 anterior maxillary teeth increasing in size and followed after an interval by 15 to 28 very small teeth; anterior mandi- bular teeth increasing in size, the eighth or ninth largest. Head very distinct from neck, much depressed ; eye moderate or small, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril very large. Body cylindrical ; scales keeled, without pits, in 15 or 17 rows, those of the middle
.
47. sIMOCEPHALUS. B45
rows enlarged and bicarinate ; ventrals with a strong lateral keel. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Tropical and South Africa.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Frontal but slightly shorter than the parietals; ventrals 203- 241; subcaudals 45-61 ...... 1. capensis, p. 345.
Il. Frontal much shorter than the parietals.
A. Two postoculars ; ventrals 240 or more. Three labials entering the eye ; sab-
Caudals G0-70 2.2... .. se ceeens 2. guirali, p. 346. Two labials entering the eye; sub- caudals 75-124 ...........00008 3. poensis, p. 346.
B. One postocular ; ventrals 178-214; subcaudals 59-63.
Eye much larger than the nostril.... 4. nyasse, p. 347. Eye scarcely larger than the nostril.. 5. stenophthalmus, p. 347.
1. Simocephalus capensis.
Heterolepis capensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. _ ly. (1847) ; Dum. §& Bibr. vii. p. 426 (1854); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p- 119; Mocquard, Brat. Soc. Philom. (7) i. 1887, p. 22; Bouleng. ‘Ann. & Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891, p. 344.
—— gueinzii, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 164, pl. —. fig. 2; Mocquard, t. e.
—— savorgnani, Mocquard, 1. c. p. 27, pl. x. fig. 4.
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; loreal square; a small preocular ; two small postoculars ; temporals 1 +2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, with secondary keels and tubercles, in 15 rows(17 onthe neck). Ventrals 203-241 ; anal entire; subcaudals 45-61. Dark olive-brown above, upper lip, middle of vertebral scales, and ends of lower scales yellowish ; yellowish beneath.
Total length 930 millim.; tail 133.
South-east Africa and Ogowai.
a. & (Head and anterior ex- Delagoa Bay. 8. African Museum [P.). = of body and tail; . 45).
346 COLUBRID.
2. Simocephalus guirali.
Heterolepis bicarinatus (non D. § B.), Sauvage, Bull. Soc, Philom. (7) viii. 1884, p, 145. . — guirali, Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 23, pl. ii.
fig. 3.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer, as long as the pra- frontals, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142; seven upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled and striated, the stria- tions directed obliquely towards the keels, in 15 rows (17 on the neck), Ventrals 248-255; analentire; subcaudals 60-70. Black above, the lateral scales tipped with yellow ; lower parts yellow; a black spot at the outer end of each ventral; subcaudals brown in front.
Total length 1260 millim. ; tail 160.
Coast of Guinea.
a-b. 2 (V. 248; C.60)& Oil River District. H.H. Johnston, Esq. yg. (V. 248; C. 70). [Ph
3. Simocephalus poensis.
Heterolepis poensis, Smith, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Rept. (1847); Boettg. Ber, fone :. Ges. 1889, p. 279; Bouleng. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) viii. 1891, p. 346.
bicarinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 422 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. vi. fg. 5 (1870); Mocquard, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 19, pl. i. fig. 2.
Simoce Aus poensis, Giinth. Cat. :: 194 (1858), and Ann. § Mag. araee’ (3) xii. 1863, p. 360; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. iv. 1873, p- 218.
Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals broader than long, one half or three fifths the length of the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; loreal as long as deep or a little longer; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, secondary keels feebly marked or absent, in 15 rows (17 on — the neck). Ventrals 240-256; anal entire; subcaudals 75-124. Blackish above and on the outer ends of the ventrals, yellow inferiorly.
Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 220.
West Africa.
47. sIMOCEPHALUS. 347
Fernando Po. Niger Expedition. _(Type-)
4 Fernando Po, Sir A. Smith [P.].
Q Cameroons. Liverpool Museum. ; Cameroons, Dr. 1G. Fischer. 4 Eloby district. g- 2 Old Calabar. Waa , Esq. h. Q (V. 247; C.?). Sierra Leone. H. C. Hatt, Esq. i. Yg. (V. 251; C.124). W. Africa. ¥ &, Sano, Esq. k, 1. Yg. (V. 253, 250; | W. Africa. rs
C. 92, 104).
4, Simocephalus nyasse. (Prare XXIII. fig. 2.) eee nyasse, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (6) i. 1888, p- 328.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals broader than long, half the length of the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one . pre- and one postocular; temporals 1+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, fifth sometimes touching the parietals ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales strongly keeled, with secondary keels and tubercles, in 15 rows (17 on the neck). Ventrals 171-178; anal entire; subcaudals 62-63. Blackish brown above, paler brown below, the chin and the lateral ventral keel yellowish. .
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 100.
Lake Nyassa; Zanzibar.
a. Hgr. (V. 178; C. 63). L. Nyassa. (Type.) b. Ye (V. 171; C. 62). Zanzibar. Sir J. Kirk [C.].
5. Simocephalus stenophthalmus.
Heterolepis stenophthalmus, Mocquard, Budl, Soc, Philom. (7) xi. 1887, p. 16, pl. i. fig. 1.
Differs from H. poensis in the smaller eye, which is scarcely larger than the nostril, the presence of a single postocular, the Jess strongly keeled scales, and the number of ventrals (206-214) and subcaudals (59), Uniform dark purplish brown above; belly yellowish, with a purplish-brown spot on the outer end of each ventral ; subcaudals brown with whitish posterior edge.
Total length 590 millim.; tail 110.
Coast of Guinea.
;
348 COLUBRID.
48. LYCODON.
Lycodon, part., Boie, ies, 1827, p. 521; Wagl. Be pasty mee. i ae 186 (1830) ; Schieg. P eye ii. p. 104 (1887) ; Gén, vii. p. 367 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p . 201 s Bil 4 Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863) ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 315
(1864). ophites Wagl. l. c. p. 186; Dum. § Bibr. t. ec. p. 897 ; Giinth. ll. ee. aoe 206. 990 Jan, l. ¢.
is, Wagl. lc. ape 191; Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 889; Giinth. Ul. ec. 7,323; Jan, l. c. p. ‘94. “et Dum. §& Bibr. Mém, Ac. Se, xxiii. 1853, p. 461, and — Erp. Gén. vii. p. 894.
Leptorhytaon, Giinth., ll. ce. pp. 205, 321. Tetragonosoma, Giinth. il. ec. pp. 253, 820,
Tytleria, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. e 66 (1868). I TON Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 291 (1890).
AR
Maxillary and mandible of Lycodon aulicus.
Fig. 23.
Maxillary bent inwards anteriorly in the adult, the three to six anterior teeth increasing in size, fang-like, and separated by a toothless interspace from the rest, seven to fifteen in number, — which increase in size posteriorly; anterior mandibular teeth longest, fang-like. Head not or but slightly distinct from neck, more or less depressed; eye small or moderate, with vertically elliptic pupil; nostril large or rather large. Body more or less elongate, cylindrical or slightly compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, in 17 or 19 rows, with apical pits; ventrals with or without a lateral keel. Tail moderate; subcaudals single or double.
Southern Asia.
Synopsis of the Species. I. A preocular, separating the eye from the prefrontal. A. Scales smooth. 1, Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals usually in two rows. a. Ventrals not angulate ; anal divided. a. Nostril between two nasals.
8 upper labials....... ie Be A nc whe ch ha 1. striatus, p. 349. 9 or 10 upper labiahe u.viincviaeth onus 2. jara, p. 350.
B. Nasal single ............ 3, tessellatus, p. 351.
48. Lycopon. ; 349 b. Ventrals laterally angulate,
a. Loreal present. * Internasal extensively in contact with the loreal. Two loreals; analentire.............. 4. anamallensis, p. 351.
One loreal ; anal divided (rarely entire).. 5. aulicus, p. 352.
** Tnternasal not or but slightly in contact with the loreal.
EE aio 66565 ove cw ee ie 6. laoengis, p. 354. PMR EIT pie Eatin, 4.0 > 6. s+ 0 digi8b's nave 7. travancoricus, p. 355.
B. No loreal, prefrontal in contact with the labials.
Three labials entering the eye; ventrals EP cians cose ccs e eens 8. effrensis, p. 356. Two labials entering the eye; ventrals [p. 356. Deh sc '5 so didc se ee sd 9. atropurpureus,
2. Scales in 19 rows; subcaudals single. 10. stormi, p. 357. B. Scales keeled.
1. Scales in 17 rows; subcaudals in two rows.
Seales strongly keeled; subcaudals 155- Me ova .a's coc dienes 60 11. albofuscus, p. 357. Seales feebly keeled; subcaudals 77-90.. 12. fasciatus, p. 358.
2. Scales in 19 rows.
Seales feebly keeled; subcaudals in two ear oe 13. gammiei, p. 358. Scales strongly keeled; subcaudals single. 14. carinatus, p. 358.
IL. No preocular ; prefrontal entering the eye ; scales in 17 rows ; subcaudals in two rows ........ 15. subcinetus, p. 359.
1. Lycodon striatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xvi. & xxvi. (1796).
Coluber striatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 527 (1802).
— agens Daud. Rept. vii. p. 46 (1803).
—— galathea, Daud, t. c. p. 55.
Lycodon malignus, Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 551.
—— galathea, Boie, /. c.
? Lycodon napei, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 384 (1854).
Lycodon aulicus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 202 (1858).
—— striatus, Giinth. Rept, Brit. Ind. p. 318 (1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 200; Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, Soap Peters, Sitzh. Ges, naturf, Freunde, 1831, p. 90 ; Murray, Zool, Sind, p. 384 (1884); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p- 202 (1890), and Proc. Zool, Soc. 1891, p. 632.
Snout much depressed, slightly projecting; eye rather small.
—— x:
vis
ty
350 COLUBRID.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as Jong as the parietals or a little shorter ; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, forming a suture with the — internasal; two postoculars; temporals small, 1+2, 242, or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are usually longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 153-178, not angulate; anal divided; subcaudals 42-66 pairs. Dark brown or black above, with white transverse spots or cross bands, which are widely separated anteriorly ; sides lineolated with white, with a black spot corresponding to each white cross
' © band; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
) v
Total length 430 millim, ; tail 75. India; Transcaspia.
a. 3 (V.177; ©. 66). Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt [C.}.
caspia.
. b. 9 (V. 178; C, 44). Kurrachee. ar Museum c-e. og (V. 162, 172; C. Russelconda. ot Doddome [O.}., = 43, 47) & 2 (V. 166; .
C. 47). Ft. 2 (V. 175; C. 51). Madras. J. i Boileau, Esq. ' g. & (V. 155; C. 48). Wynad. oat eddome [C.]. h-ti, k-l, m, n. & (V. 167, Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C. j. 160; C. 51, 43), 2 (V. 164; ©. 45), hgr. (V. 177; C. 44), & yg. (V. 168, 160; C. 50, 45). i o-g. o (V. 164; C. 50), S. India. : Col. Beddome [C.}. ia (V. 1733 C. 42), &
yg. (V. 160; C. 44). r-s. fo (V.168, 158; C.62, India. 54).
2. Lycodon jara.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pl. xiv. (1796).
Coluber jara, Shaw, Zool. iii, p. 525 (1802).
—— bipunctatus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52.
Lycodon jara, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 110 (1837); Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1867, p. 236; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xl, 1871, p. 442; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 292 (1890).
Leptorhytaon jara, Giinth. Cat. p. 205 (1858), and Rept. Brit Ind.
. 321 (1864), Ly cophilten bipunctatum, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac, 1863, p. 403.
Snout much depressed ; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than
the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from
-
——— a ee
48, Lycopon. 351
the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, forming a suture with the inter- nasal ; one preocular ; two postoculars; temporals small, 1 +2 or 2+3,; nine or ten upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 167-183, not angulate laterally ; anal divided ; sub- caudals 52-63 pairs. Brown above, each scale with two white dots, or short longitudinal lines; labials white ; usually a white collar ; lower surfaces uniform white.
Total length 350 millim. ; tail 60.
N.E. and 8. India and Burma.
a. Q (V. 180; C.?). Calcutta. W. . Blanford, Esq. b. & (V.167; C. 63). Anamallays. Cul. Beddome [C.}. e. Hgr. (V 172; C. 56). Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.). d-e. 2 (V. 183; C.?) & hgr. India. Gen. Hardwicke [P.].
f shi WV ; 100, 0. 61) & ber. Indi “g. 3 (V. 169; ©. ¢ her. a. (V. 180; C. 58).
3. Lycodon tessellatus.
Lycodon tessellatum, Jan, Elenco, p. 96 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1870).
Snout moderately depressed ; eye rather small. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, forming a suture with the internasal; one pre-and two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Anal divided. Subcaudals in two rows. Above with three series of alternating black spots ; ventrals and subcaudals brown, edged with whitish.
Manilla, Philippines.
4. Lycodon anamallensis. (Prare XXIV. fig. 1.)
Lycodon anamallensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 318 (1864); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 293 (1890).
Snout depressed, subspatulate in the adult; eye rather large in the half-grown, rather small in the adult. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; two loreals, the anterior forming a suture with the internasal; one prwocular, in contact with the
iy i
we
352 COLUBRID.
frontal ; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 189-202, obtusely angulate laterally ; anal undivided ; subcaudals 64-74 pairs. Brown above, with narrow white, black-edged cross bands ; labials white, each with a brown spot ; lower parts uniform white. Total length 510 millim. ; tail 95.
8. India. a. Hgr. (V. 202; C.74). | Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.}. (Type.) b. 2 (V. 189; C. 64). Wynad. Col. Boddome [C.].
5. Lycodon aulicus.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pls. xxxvii. & xxxix. (1801),
Coluber aulicus, Linn. Mus, Ad. Frid. i. p. 29, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1754), and S. N. i. p. 881 (1766).
Lycodon aulicus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p.551; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 316 (1864), and Zool. Ree. 1870, p. 75; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1870) ; Theob. Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p- 199 (1876) ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p- 383 (1884); Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 294 (1890).
capucinus, Bove, 1. ¢.
unicolor, Bote, 1. Cc.
—— hebe, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 106, pl. iv. figs. 1-6 (1837).
aulicus, part., Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 68 (1847); Dum. §
Bibr. vii. p. 369 (1854) ; ’Giinth. Cat. p- DOr (1858).
Tytleria hypsirhinoides, Theob. Cat. Kept. 4s. Soc. Mus, p. 66
(1868).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, spatulate in the adult ; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and two thirds as long as broad, usually shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, extensively i in contact with the internasal; one preocular, usually in contact with the frontal; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals small, 2+3 or 3+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior ‘chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 178-224, obtusely angulate laterally ; nasal divided (rarely entire) ; subcaudals 56-80 pairs. Brown above, uniform or with whitish markings; upper lip white, uniform or spotted with brown; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 510 millim.; tail 110.
India and Ceylon, Himalayas, Burma, Siam, Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Celebes, Flores, Timor. Introduced in the Mascarene Islands.
ae os ~~ ~ ‘ > . ‘*
ee
A. Labials without spots ; of the occiput, the two sometimes confluent and forming a collar; back with whitish cross bands bifureating on the
48. Lycopon. 353 a triangular whitish blotch on each side
si mm — a eae, ee
sides... (C. aulicus, L.) 4
a-b. 2 (V. 185; 0,64) & (V. 179; ©. 68 cH. (V. 208; 0. ©. 87). d. Yg. (V. 195; C. 65). o£. 2 (V. 192, 197 5 0.57, g. Hgr. (V. 204; C. 63),
V. 199; ©. o. 71)
ct ry. 193; 0.
B. Labials without spots ; cross bands on the anterior part of the body.
2 (V. 199; C. 60). mB (V is2; C, 60). n-0 (V. 190, 190; C. 65°67).
C. Labials without spots ;
p. 2 (V. 200; 0. 67).
q- 9 (V. 201; C. 62).
r-8. 5 WW. 180 ; ge hgr. (V. 194; C. 66
D. Some or all of re labials with a brown spot; a whitish collar or a triangular whitish blotch on each side of the occiput ; back with whitish cross bands bifurcating on the sides, or with a dorsal series of quadrangular blotches, or with white lines disposed irregularly or forming a wide-meshed network,
(LZ. capuecinus, Boie.)
Near Candy. Capt. Gascoigne [P.]}.
Ceylon. Gen. Hardwicke [P.}.
Ceylon. W. Ferguson, Esq. [P.},
Ceylon.
Plains of S. India. Col. Beddome [C.}.
Matheran. Dr. Leith [P.}.
Ceylon.
a whitish collar and a few (2-5) whitish
Ceylon. A. Paul, Esq Hag - Ceylon. Sir E. tonsa (Pr... Ceylon.
no collar ; no dorsal spots or bands. e Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart.
Ceylon. Sir E. Tennant [P.].
Ceylon.
Madras. Sir W. Elliot [P.]. : Anamalla Col. Beddome [C. fs Kimedy Hills. Col. Beddome | C.). “ Russelconda, Col. Beddome [C.). . Lx ih Godavery Valle W. as Blanford, Esq. - x ry y: Esq 3 Bombay. Dr. ‘sith [P.}. $ F Deccan, Col. Sykes [P.]. a Calcutta. Sir J. Fayrer [P. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, eq [P.}. Nepal. Wes Blanford, Esq. J
354 . COLUBRID,
A. 2 (V. 200; C.73). Kangra, Himalayas. Messrs. v, Schlagin-
tweit | C. +} p. Her. (V.184; 0. 62). Reniamer: Aracan Major Bingham [P.). oas v-& od (V. 183,184; C. Toungoo. E. W. Oates, Esq. 65, 69). P.}. o. 3(V. 188; ©. 68). Tenasserim Coast. Dr, Packman [P.}. re. Yg. (V. 187, 195; C. Siam. I. ae Newman, Esq. , 66). o. "9 (V. 201; C. 70). Camboja. M. Mouhot [C.]. . & (V. 207; C. P). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. fe Q (Vv. 205; 0.66) & Java, J. iat ni Esq. yg: (V. 196; C. 71). [Psk x: &o (V. 197; C. 71). Java. a res | P} y, @, aa. 3 (V. 192; C.56), Philippines. H. Cuming, 9 (W199; C.77), & yg [C.} ‘4s (S01; C. 74). bb. 2 (V. '209 ; C. 70). Luzon. Dr. me B. Meyer ay" 2 (V. 198; C.63) Butuan, Mindanao, A. Exot Esq. g. (V. 183; (o} 68). ee. “3 iV. 224; C. 76). Port Louis, Mauritius. L. Snion elk tet Sh: 99: “sd Cr: 199, 198; C. Bourbon. L. Pon 75, hh. Skull. Java.
E. Each upper labial with a brown spot; no collar; no light spots or lines. (ZL. unicolor, Boie.)
ii. Yg. (V.205; C.67). Madras, J. B bgey Esq.
6. Lycodon laoensis. (Prarz XXIV. fig. 2.) Lycodon laoensis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 317 (1864).
Snout much depressed but not spatulate; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, separated from or but just touching the internasals ; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals small, 24-3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 179-185, obtusely angulate laterally ; anal divided ; subcaudals 68-73 pairs. Dark brown above, with a whitish cross band on the occiput and others on the back which bifureate on the sides; lower parts white.
Total length 470 millim. ; tail 100.
Siam. a,b. 3 (V.179; C. 68) & Lao Mountains. M. Mouhot[C.).
Q (V. 185; ©. 68). ¢ (Types.) & 2%. 183; C. 73), Siam,
48. Lycopon. 355
7. Lycodon travancoricus. (Pxrare XXIV. fig. 3.)
—— travancoricus, Beddome, Madras Monthly Journ. Med. Sc. 70
Lycodon travancoricus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 298 (1890).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, subspatulate; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than long, hardly visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or a little longer, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal elongate, rarely entering the eye, not touching the internasal; one preocular, usually in contact with the frontal; two postoculars; temporals small, scale-like, 2+3 or 3+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-202, obtusely angulate laterally; anal undivided ; subcaudals usually in two rows, sometimes single*, 56-76. Coloration very similar to that of L. striatus, viz., dark brown or black above, with white cross bands and white lineolations on the sides, and uniform white below; but the upper lip is brown, or white spotted with brown.
Total length 600 millim. ; tail 125.
Southern India, as far north as the Bombay Ghats,
a. Q (V.178; C. 66). Travancore Hills, Col. Beddome [C.]. 5000 ft, (Type.) b-c. 2 (V. 184; C.68)& Travancore. Col. Beddome [C.}. . (V. 181; C. 69). d. 2 (V. 181; C. 56). Trevandrum, Travan- H. 8. Ferguson, Esq.
core. ‘ge e-i. g (V. 194; C.75) & Anamallays, 4700 ft. Col. Beddome [C.]. hgr. (V. 190, 199, 189, 190; C. 70,71, 69, 68). k, l-m. Q (V. 185; C.64) Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.]. & ber. (V. 190, 200; C. 72, 71).
n-p. 2 (V. 201; C.69)& Coonoor, Nilgherries, Col, Beddome [C.}. “(V. 190,196; C.76, 5900 ft,
q-r. Hie. (V. 202,189; C. Malabar. Col. Beddome [C.}.
st. Hgr. (V. 186; C.72) Matheran, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.]. & yg. (V. 175; C. 74). .
* Out of 19 specimens examined, 14 have all the subcaudals paired ; three (b,d,) have them in part single (50 {' 1; 41; | 4411); and two (a, c) have them all single. Col, Beddome mentions another specimen with
2 38 5 1.
242
356 OLUBRID,
8. Lycodon effrenis.
Lycodon effreenis, Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p 1. xl. fig 2 (1847), Tetragonosoma effrene, Giinth. Cat, p. 253 Paste » and t. Brit. Ind. p. 320, pl. xxiv. 208, K (1864) ; VStoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. XXXix, 1870, p 1891, p. 289, BL ii. tt ae. 2 Lyeodon ophiteoides, Bleek, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl, Ind. xvi. 1859, 43
as fig. 3; Steindachn. Sitzb. Ak, Wien, c.
en adspersus, Jan, Elenco, p. 97 (1863).
Snout much depressed, subspatulate; eye moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the preefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with the second and third labials; a preocular, not reaching the frontal; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+3 or 3+3; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Body slender. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 215-228, angulate laterally ; anal entire; subcaudals 75-98 pairs. Brown above and below, with a few distant yellowish-white rings, some or all of which may become obsolete in the adult; young with a yellowish streak on each side of the top of the head.
Total length 700 millim.; tail 170.
Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra.
a. Yg. (V. 228; C. 83). Great Hill of Pinang. Dr. Cantor. ( se b. tv. 215 ; G. 98). Sinkawang, Borneo. Dr. Bleeker.
of L. o pikiteoides.) ec. Yg. (V. 217; C. 98). Deli, Sumatra. Prof. Moesch [C.].
9. Lycodon atropurpureus.
Lycodon atropurpureus, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 50; ee Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 204 (1880), and Ann. § Mag. NV. H. (6) vii. 1891, 462.
— sub uscus, Cantor, l.c.
Tetragonosoma atropurpureum, Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 821 (1864).
Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, subspatulate; eye moderate. Rostral twice as broad as deep, scarcely visible from above; internasals as long as broad, half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; no loreal, prefrontal in contact with the second and third labials; one pra- ocular, not in contact with the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals small, scale-like, 34; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact: with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows.
48, Lycopon. 357
Ventrals 235-257, strongly angulate laterally ; anal entire; sub- caudals 78-91 pairs. Brown or purple above, uniform or with white and black marblings; belly whitish, or pale brown with yellowish dots and square blotches.
Total length 940 millim. ; tail 170.
Bengal, Assam (?), Mergui.
10. Lycodon stormi. Lycodon stormi, Boetty. Zool. Anz. 1892, p. 418.
Head strongly depressed ; eye small. Rostral not much broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals ; the latter longer than broad; frontal as long as the internasals and prefrontals together, much shorter than the parietals; loreal large, nearly as deep as long, not entering the eye; one preocular, not reaching the frontal; two postoculars ; temporals 143; eight upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 217, angulate laterally; anal entire; subcaudals 75, all single. Slate-colour, with whitish annuli, which are most marked on the lower surface.
Total length 597 millim. ; tail 109.
Celebes.
11. Lycodon albofuscus. Sphecodes albofuscus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 304 (1854). Ophites albofuscus, Giinth. Cat. p. 207 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. .S (1864); Bouleng. Ann. $ Mag, NH (5) xvi. 1885, p. 389; ocquard, N, Arch. Mus. (3) ii. 1890, p. 144.
Snout moderately depressed, not spatulate; eye moderate. Ros- tral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal as long as broad, as long as the prefrontals or a little longer, much shorter than the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep, not entering the eye; one pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little shorter than the posterior. Body very slender. Scales in 17 rows, all strongly keeled. Ventrals 248-256, strongly angulate laterally; anal divided ; subcaudals 155-208 pairs, Blackish brown above, young with yellow cross bands; yellowish beneath.
Total length 1770 millim. ; tail 590.
Sumatra, Nias, Borneo.
a. ¢ (V. 238; C. 155). Nias. Hr, Sundermann [C.}. b. Yg. (V. 248; C, 204). ——: Purchased of M. Parzudaki.
’
358 COLUBRID.
12. Lycodon fasciatus.
Ophites a Anders, An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 827, pl. ixxyiii. .1 (1879). Lyeeion fasciatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 295 (1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 234.
Snout depressed, not spatulate; eye rather small. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals half as long as the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad ; loreal long and tapering to a point posteriorly, entering the eye, widely separated from the internasal; one preocular; two oculars; temporals 24-2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or shorter than the posterior. 17 rows of feebly keeled scales, the keels becoming more pronounced posteriorly. Ventrals 205-213, obtusely angulate ; anal entire ; subcaudals 77-90 pairs. Body encircled by broad pur- plish-black bands separated by yellowish or reddish intervals; the first black band does not encircle the neck.
Total length 530 millim.; tail 110.
Western Yunnan, Burma, Assam.
a. & (V. 205; C. 77). Shillong, Assam. Gen. H. Collett [P.}. b. 2 (V. 207; C. 84).. Toungyi, Shan States, Lieut. Blakeway 5000 ft. [C.].
13. Lycodon gammiei.
Ophites gammiei, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlvii. 1878, p. 130. Lycodon gammiei, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 296 (1890).
Head flat; eye small. Body slender, compressed. Rostral about as broad as deep; internasals much smaller than the prefrontals ; frontal very little longer than broad, with convex sides; loreal small, elongate; 6ne preocular; two postoculars; temporals irregular; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; two elongate chin-shields of about equal length, the anterior in contact with five lower labials. Scales in 19 rows, the nine dorsal rows keeled, five rows at each side smooth. Ventrals 214, bluntly angulate at the sides; anal entire; subcaudals 101 pairs. Body surrounded by alternating dusky and light rings with very irregular crooked margins; head above dusky olivaceous with pale spots in the middle of most of the shields; an imperfect pale collar behind the head ; lower surface of head and neck whitish.
Total length 800 millim.; tail 180.
South-eastern Sikkim. ,
14. Lycodon carinatus.
Hurria carivata, Kuhl, Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. p. 95 (1820). Lycodon carinatus, Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 109, pl. iv. figs. 6 & 7 (1837) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 297 (1890).
-
a ee | ee
_ ee
4 4 '
48. Lycopon. 359
Ca carinatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 390 (1854); Giinth. Cat. P (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 3: 4 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. , pl. vi. fig. 1 (1870).
Snout much depressed, broad but not spatulate; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, visible from above ; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, not entering the eye, widely separated from the internasal; one pre- and two post- oculars ; temporals 2+3,; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior, Scales in 19 —
rows, strongly keeled. Ventrals 188-198, angulate laterally ;
anal entire; subcaudals 52-64, in a single row. Black, encircled
by white rings which are broader on the belly than on the back ;
these annuli are broader in the young, the back of the head of
which is white. ; Total length 490 millim.; tail 85.
Ceylon. a. 2 (V. 194; C. 55). Ceylon. B. H. Barnes .[P. b, ¢, d,e, f-he 2 (V. 192, Ceylon. ak 194; C. 54, 55) & ve.
(V. 198, 191, 190, 188, 190; C. 52, 55, 54, 58 56).
15. Lycodon subcinctus. Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xli. (1801). Lycodon subcinctus, Bote, Isis, 1827, p 551; Schileg. oe ii. p. 117, pl. iv. figs. 14 & 15 (1ss7) ; Bouleng. Pro
1890, p. 34. —— platurinus, Cantor, Cat, Mat. Rept. p. 69 (1847). Ophites subcinctus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 398 (1854); Giinth. Cat. 206 (1858), and Rept. Brit. Ind. SD) (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 88 Wh v. fig. 4 (1870); Blanf. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1881, p. 222,
php p toe Sauvage, Bull. Soe. Philom. (7) viii. 1884, P
Snout much depressed, broad but not spatulate; eye rather small. Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above; inter- nasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal slightly longer than broad, shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, usually entering the eye, widely separated from the internasal; no preocular; two or three postoculars; temporals 142; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (sometimes also the sixth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are usually longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, dorsals feebly or faintly keeled. Ventrals 198-227, angulate laterally; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 61-89 pairs. Dark brown or
— i—
360 COLUBRID.
black above, brown or yellowish brown below, with a white occipital blotch and widely-separated rings on the body and tail; these markings become less distinct or entirely disappear in the adult.
Total length 1000 millim. ; tail 180.
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Philippines.
a. 2 (V. 220; 0.71). Pinang. Dr. Cantor. b. 3 (V. 220: C. 79). ran tee Dr. Dennys [P.}. ec. 9 (V. 226; C. 77). Singapore W. T. Blanford, Esq. [P.]. d. Yg. (V. 220 ; C.78). Deli, umatra. Prof, Moesch roa é. 2 (V. 219; C. 79). Pajo, Sumatra. Hr. C. Bock fg-h. 3 (V. 215; C. Nias. Hr. Saodeaaee [C.] aN & yg. (V. 209, O14: 0. 81, 83). i 3 (V. 216; C. P). Java. A. Scott, Esq k. Yg. (V. 209; C. 67). Salak, Java. R. Kirk pre a [P.]. l. Yg. (V. 198; C. 61). Mindanao. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. Hovrrian sancuiventer, Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 52, is probably a Lycodon.
‘**Claret-purple above, with metallic lustre ; blood-coloured be- neath. Ventrals 207; subcaudals 99, the 14 anterior of which are entire.” (See Giinther, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 222, fig.)
Valley of Nepal.
49. DINODON.
Dinodon, Dum. & Bibr. Mém. Ae. Se. xxiii. 1858, p. 468, and E an 5 90 vii. p. 447 (1854) ; Peters, Sitzb. Ges. naturf, Freunde, 1
baton, wry, Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 201 Sain and Rept. Brit. Ind, p. 315 (1864) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 97 (1863). Eumesodon, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. B62, Lepidocephalus, Hadlow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 498. ? Proterodon, Hallow. 1. ¢.
Maxillary teeth 642 or3+2 or 3, the anterior crates in- creasing in size, the middle ones small, the last large, the three groups separated by distinct interspaces; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye rather small, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body more or less elongate ; scales
Fig. 24.
CCR
A
Maxillary and mandible of Dinodon rufozonatus.
smooth or feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 17 (or 21) rows; 7
ventrals angulate laterally. Tail moderate; subcaudals in two
Tows. : China and Japan ; Himalayas (?).
49. pINODON. 361
Synopsis of the Species. I, Scales smooth, in 17 rows ; anal entire. 1. rufozonatus, p. 361.
II. Scales feebly keeled, in 17 rows.
A. Anal entire ; a preocular.
Portion of rostral visible from above
half as long as its distance from the
a a 2. semicarinatus, p. 362. Rostral just visible from above........ 3. septentrionalis, p. 363.
B. Anal divided ; no prwocular, loreal entering the eye. 4. japonicus, p. 363.
III. Scales feebly keeled, in 21 rows; anal divided. 5. tessellatus, p. 364.
1. Dinodon rufozonatus.
Lycodon rufozonatus, Cantor, Zool. Chusan, pl. xi. (1840), and Ann.
§ Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p. 483; Giinth. Cat. p. 204 (1858), and . Brit. Ind. p. 319 (1864); Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iv. fig. 3
(1870).
Dinodon cancellatum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 447 (1854).
Coronella striata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 152.
Eumesodon striatus, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 263.
Dinodon rufozonatus, Peters, Sitz. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1881, p. 89.
—— rufozonatus, var. formosana, Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Nat. 24-25, 1885, p. 124.
Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, as long as its distance from the rostral, shorter than the parietals; loreal elongate, sometimes entering the eye; one preocular ; two postoculars (rarely one); temporals 243; eight (rarely seven) upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth (rarely second, third, and fourth, or only fourth and fifth) entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals 185-204; anal entire; subcaudals 57-83. Yellowish, reddish, or pale brown above, with dark brown cross bars wider than their interspaces, and an alternating lateral series of dark brown spots ; upper head-shields dark brown, with yellowish borders ; upper lip and lower parts yellowish ; lower surface of tail
with brown. Total length 1020 millim.; tail 190. China and Corea. a. ¢ (V.202; 0.73). Hoi-How, Hainan, J, Neumann, Esq. [P.}. b-c. ¢ (V. 189; C. Formosa, R. Swinhoe, Esq. fet
76) & yg. (V. 199; .83).
i cael —— 5% a+ or 362 COLUBRID, d-k. 2 (V. 199,198; Formosa. Taiwanfoo Museum a “1, 73), her. (Vv. [P.}. ;'0. 75), & vg. v 193, 199, 193, 190; C.73,81,76,79). - l. a (V. 193; C. Chusan. Dr. Cantor. (Type.) 72), ie m, n-p. 3d (V.190; ©. Shanghai. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.}.
65) & yg. (V. 198 ; 201, 185; C. 57, 68, 69
). q: Pye (V. 203; C. Kiukiang Mountains. ©. Maries, Esq. [C.1. r. 9 (Vv. 203; C. 72). Mountains north of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.}.
Kiukiang. s. d (V. 204; C. 72). Kia-tiang-fu, Prov. A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.}. Sze Chuen, 1070 ft. ; -v. 9 (V. 194, 1938, Western Hills of S. W. Bushell, Esq. 204; C. 65, 65, 62), Peking. Sel = wre $ g (v.90, 202 ; Tsu Shima. Mr. Holst [C.}. y. 3, aks China. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.1.
2. Dinodon semicarinatus.
Pamesodon semicarinatus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 263, and
P
Lepidocephalus fasciatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac.'Philad, 1860, p. 498.
meee} semicarinatus, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (6) x. 1892, p. 302
Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal once and one fifth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal twice as long as deep, not entering the eye; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3,; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales keeled along their anterior half, in 17 rows. Ventrals 211-234; anal entire; subcaudals 65-101. Above with broad black cross bands separated by narrow yellowish-brown interspaces; head black above; labials yellowish, with black sutures ; lower parts yellowish, tail spotted with beck,
Total length 1100 millim. ; tail 230.
Loo Choo Islands.
a. 3 (V. 234; C.97). Oho Sima. Lieut. A. Carpenter [P.].-« ; H.M.LS. ‘ Magpie.’ b-c. 3 (V. 228; C. Great Loo Choo Mr. Holst [C.). 101) & yg. (V. 211; Island. . (, 98).
49, prnopon. 363
3. Dinodon septentrionalis. Ophites septentrionalis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 233. a ay ta Fischer, Abh, naturw. Ver. Hamb. ix. 1886, p. 16, pl. ii. fig. 6, Lycodon septentrionalis, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 295 (1890).
Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals much shorter than the prefrontals; frontal as broad as long or slightly longer, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, not touching the eye, but wedged in between the third labial and the preocular ; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as long as or longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows, those of the 7 or 9 median rows feebly keeled. Ventrals 211-224; anal entire ; subcaudals 83-104.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 200.
Southern China, Himalayas (?).
A. Black above and on the sides, with narrow whitish transverse bands, forming complete annuli on the tail, the lower surface of which is dark brown; belly whitish, with a few scattered small brown spots posteriorly. (0. septentrionalis, Gthr.)
a. 9 (V. 214; C.83). Himalayas or Khasi _‘T. C. Jerdon, Esq. [P.].
Hills (?). (Type.)
B. Above with large dark brown spots or cross bands separated by pale greyish-brown interspaces; on the anterior part of the body the dark bands are much wider than the light ones, whilst it is the reverse on the hind part; a lateral series of dark brown spots, partly on the ventrals, alternating with the dorsal bands; belly yellowish, spotted or dotted with brown posteriorly. (0. ruhstrati, Fisch.)
a 4 AN Pa 224; Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.).
).
d. Hgr.(V.211; C. Mountains north of A. E. Pratt, Esq. [C.}. 88). Kiukiang.
4. Dinodon japonicus. Ophites japonicus, Giinth, Ann, § Mag. N. H. (5) vi. 1880, p. 462; F. Mill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, viii, 1887, p. 271. eS —— orientalis, Hilgend. Sitzb. Ges. naturf. Freunde, 1880, p. 115, l. —. figs. 1-5. P og eas carinatus, F, Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1885, p- 685.
Rostral much broader than deep, just visible from above ; inter- nasals about half as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter
Was ae f ii. OS a ah Oe ee git age > i a am . “
ae
364 COLUBRID,
than the parietals ; loreal elongate, entering the eye; no prewocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 3; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior, or a little longer. Scales with a very faint keel along their anterior half, in 17 rows. Ventrals 200-208; anal divided; subcaudals 68-74. Pale greyish brown above, with black cross bands, the outer portion of which is narrowly detached on the side; upper surface of head blackish ; lower parts yellowish, dotted with black, and with a lateral series of black spots alternating with the dorsal bands.
Total length 660 millim.; tail 120.
Japan,
a-b. 2 (V. 202, 205 ; Nikko, Central C. Maries, Esq. [C.}. C. és 70). : Japan. (Types.) }
5. Dinodon? tessellatus. Proterodon tessellatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 499.
Loreal quite small; a preocular; two postoculars ; temporals 2+42; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales with a slight keel extending halfway along the middle, in 21 rows. Ventrals 211; anal divided; subcaudals 73. Olive above; belly orange, tessellated with black.
Total length 900 millim.
Japan.
50. STEGONOTUS. Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1837); Dum. §& Bibr. Erg. Gen. vii. p. 367 (1854) ; Jan, Frenco sist. Ofid. p. 97 (1863). Stegonotus, Dum. § Bibr. Mém. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 477, and Erp. Gén. vii. p. 680. Herpetodryas, part., Jan, J. c. p. 80. Lielaphis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. ga 59, and 1877, P 129. . Zamenophis, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 21. Pseudolycodon, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 534. i ? Herbertophis, Macleay, Proc. Iinn. Soc. N. S. W. viii. 1884, p. 434.
Maxillary teeth 15 to 20, increasing in size towards the middle of the series, then decreasing in size to the two or three last, which
Fig. 25.
SS
Maxillary and mandible of Stegonotus modestus.
are again large; anterior mandibular teeth enlarged. Head more i or less distinct from neck; cye moderate or rather small, with =
50. srEGoNoTUS. 365
vertically elliptic pupil. Body elongate, cylindrical or feebly com- pressed ; scales smooth, with apical pits, in 17 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in ’ double or single row.
Philippines ; Moluccas; Papuasia ; Queensland.
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Not more than 100 subcaudals.
A. Two labials entering the eye. 1. Ventrals 175-212. a, Subcaudals in two rows.
Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; fourth and fifth labials entering the eye ...........ecseees 1. cucullatus, p. 365.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal ; usually third and fourth labials entering
OME de SiSuice so 04000050004 o> 2. modestus, p. 366. b. Subcaudals single............ 3. heterurus, p. 367. 2. Ventrals 220-232.............. 4. muelleri, p. 367.
B. Three labials entering the eye ; ventrals 210-236. SUD SER Syd o's 4 ao cds so o0',0'0 5. batjanensis, p. 368 et NIN 0:4. 59.» cos cr w'sia.dée's.0' 6. plumbeus, p. 368. II. 112-123 subcaudals; rostral slightly
broader than deep .................. 7. dumerilii, p. 368.
1. Stegonotus cucullatus.
Lycodon modestus, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 119 (1887).
—— cucullatum, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p. 376 (1824),
as australis, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ix. 1872, p. 21,
and . Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 130. Lycodon magnus, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1874, p. 136. —— keyensis, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 351, pl. xii. h.
P Leet darnleyensis, Macleay, Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ii. 1877, Liciaphis cucullatus, Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, viii. 1878, had cotter Si Peters § Doria, l. c. p. 398.
Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal
366 COLUBRID.
longer than deep; two pre- and two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 or 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterivr chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior, Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 196-207; anal entire; subcaudals 73-90 pairs. Brown above, yellowish beneath ; usually a brown spot at the outer end of each ventral.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 180.
Papuasia and Cape York. a-b, Hgr. (V. 202,204; Fly River, New Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.].
C. 75, 78). uinea, c-e. ¢ (V. 196; C.?) Murray Island, —_— Rey. S. Macfarlane [C.].
& hgr. (V. 198, 197 ; Torres Straits. C. ?, 79). f. Her. (V. 204; 0.79). Cape York. (Type of Zamenophis
australis.)
2. Stegonotus modestus.
Lycodon modestus, part., Schley. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 119, pl. iv. figs. 16 & 17 (1837). . arte 3 j .
— modestum, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 879 (1854).
—— lividum, Dum. § Bibr. t. ¢. p. 881; Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. iv. fie. 4 (1870).
Coronella rosenbergii, Bleek. Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. xxii. 1860, 37
Ablatee greineri, Bleek. 1. c. p. 43. Coluber holochrous, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 59, fig. Brachyrhyton modestum, Jan, Icon. Gén. 35, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1870). Lycodon parvus, A. B. Meyer, Mon. Berl, Ac. 1874, p. 187. aruensis, Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, vi. 1874, p. 352, pl. xii. fig. 7; Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) iii. 1879, p. 61. Pseudolycodon lividus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1876, p. 533. Lielaphis modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 129. —- ping. Peters § Doria, Ann. Mus. Genova, viii. 1878, . 397. Fis lividus, Peters § Doria, 7. c. p. 396.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or a little longer, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; two (rarely one) pre- and two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 242; seven or eight (rarely nine) upper labials, third and fourth (rarely fourth~and fifth) entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the
posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 175-212; anal entire;
subcaudals 68-100 pairs. Upper parts brown, upper lip and lower parts yellowish; a brown spot may be present at the outer end of each ventral.
Total length 1120 millim.; tail 260.
Moluccas and Papuasia.
ta
a, Hgr. (V. 197; C. ?). q b. ¢ (V. 212; ©. 92). y c. Hgr. (V. 208; C. 86). d. 9 (Vv. 195; C. 83). e. 9 (V. 192; C. 74). f. Hgr. (V. 175; C. 92). g-h, i-k. g (V. 189, 184; C. 70, 63), 9 (V. 186; o. 68), & yg. (V. 181;
71). 1. Yg. (V.197; ©. 86).
50. STEGONOTUS, 367
Ceram. “ aio (Type of C. rosenbergii.) N. Ceram. Dr. Bloc (Type of L. holochrous.) Amboyna. ' Dr. Bleeker. (Type of A. greineri.) Mysol.
New Guinea.
Mansinam, New Guinea,
Murray Id., Torres Straits.
Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.].
Rey. S. Macfarlane [C.].
Duke of York Id. Rev. G. Brown [C.}.
3. Stegonotus heterurus. (Puarz XXV. fig. 1.) Lielaphis modestus, part., Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 129.
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals; frontal as long as broad or slightly longer, as long as its distance from the rostral, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep ; two preoculars; one or two postoculars, the lower being often
(specs. a,c) fused with the fourth labial; temporals 2+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as | long as or a little longer than the posterior. Ventrals 178-188; anal entire; subcaudals 75-82, single (or a few divided). Blackish brown above; ventrals, subcaudals, and outer row of scales brown, with yellowish posterior border.
Total length 540 millim. ; tail 135.
Duke of York Island and New Britain. :
a, b. Hgr. (V. 182, 178;
C. 75, 81). ce. Hgr. (V. 188; C. 82).
3 . ; ]
Duke of York Id. _ New Britain.
Rev. G. Brown [C.}. Museum Godeffroy,
4. Stegonotus muelleri *. Stegonotus miilleri, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 682 (1854). Spilotes samarensis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1861, p. 685. feepetndsyas miilleri, Jan, Elenco, p. 81 (1863).
Frontal} as long as or a little longer than broad; loreal longer than deep ; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Ventrals 220-232; anal entire; subcaudals 100 pairs. Uniform brown above; lips and lower parts dirty yellowish white.
Total length 2070 millim.; tail 390. Samar Island, Philippines.
Scales in 17 rows.
Scales in 17 rows.
* I am indebted to Dr. Mocquard for notes on the type speciten.
a
— ee ee
id aa ~ Ne YY “. 7 a ’ " af - * ns " eee ee a a ok x J mw Te ; i as ws Tae! se pian hy
368 COLUBRID &.
5. Stegonotus batjanensis.
Coluber (Lielaphis) ney gen Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (8) xv. 1865, p. 93, pl. ii. fig. A
Rostral much broader than deep, the portion visible from above © measuring about one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals about half as long as the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 142 or 2+2; eight upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as or a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 210-236; anal entire; subcaudals 78-87 pairs. Blackish brown above, paler brown on the head; young with yel- lowish-white narrow cross bars which widen towards the belly and the anterior of which are broken up on the middle of the base and alternate ; these markings become indistinct in the adult; sides of head yellowish, the shields black-edged ; lower parts yellowish, the lateral ends of the ventrals and the subcandals edged with black.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 300.
Moluccas. a. 2 (V. 236; C. 78). Batjan. Dr. Bleeker. Type) dag es (V. 210; C. 87) Gilolo. Dr. Platen [C.].
& yg. (V. 222; C. 83).
6. Stegonotus? plumbeus.
Herbertophis plumbeus, Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. viii. 1884, p. 484.
Frontal short and broad ; loreal oblong ; two pre- and two post- oculars ; nine upper labials, third, fourth, and fifth entering the eye. Scalesin 17 rows. Ventrals 219; anal entire; subcaudals 74 pairs. Uniform nitid leaden-black above, yellowish white on the belly ; the scales on the sides showing white edges as they approach the-ventral shields; subcaudals each with a black basal
atch. : Total length 1200 millim. ; tail 235.
Herbert River, Queensland.
7. Stegonotus dumerilii.
Lycodon miilleri, Dum. & Bibr. vii. p- 382 (1854); Giinth. Cat. 203 (1858). Gdeutotnes miilleri, Giinth. Proc, Zool. Soe. 1879, p. 78. »
Rostral slightly broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; internasals about two thirds the length of the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third to once\and a half as long as broad, as long as
.
-
51. DRYOCALAMUS, 369
its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer; two pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are a little longer than the posterior. Scales in 17 rows. Ventrals 195-214; anal entire ; subcaudals 112-123. Greyish brown above, with a dorsal series of large oval or subquadrangular brown, black-edged spots and, on each side, a series of smaller spots alternating with the dorsals ; head spotted or marbled with brown; yellowish beneath, uniform or with scattered brown dots.
Total length 740 millim’; tail 220.
Philippines. a, 2 (V. 210; C. 123). Surigao. A. Everett, Esq. [C. b, ce, d. 2 (V. 209, 214, Philippines. H. Cuming, Esq. [C.}.
195; C. 114, 118, 112).
51. DRYOCALAMUS.
Nympha (non Martini), Fitzing. N. Class. errs 29 (1826).
Lycodon, part., Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 104 (1837).
Odontomus (non Kirby), ae Bibr. Mém,. Ac. Se. xxiii. 1853, p. 463, and . Gén, vii. p. 450 (1854); Giinth. Cut. Col. Sn. p. 206 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 95 (1863); Giinth. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 233 (1864).
Dryocalamus, Giinth. Cat. p. 121.
Hydrophobus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (8) ix. 1862, p. 127; je 29 Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 297 (1890).
Nvym hidium, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 235.
Ulupe, Blanford, Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xvii. 1878, p. 129.
Maxillary teeth 8 to 10, rather short but stout, increasing in size posteriorly; anterior mandibular teeth a little longer than the posterior ; one or two more or less distinct tooth-like knobs on the basisphenoid. Head distinct from neck, much depressed; eye moderate or rather large, with vertically elliptic pupil. Body slender, slightly compressed ; scales smooth, in 13 or 15 rows, with
ical pits; ventrals strongly keeled on each side. Tail moderate ; subcaudals in two rows.
South-eastern Asia.
Synopsis of the Species. I. One or two prwoculars. Rostral not twice as broad as deep ; scales
ER IB TOUS occ vce cesecceceees 1, nympha, p. 370. Rostral not twice as broad as deep; scales
SE, Pets cae Aw ube tes 6 .-+-+ 2, subannulatus, p. 371. Rostral twice as broad as deep; scales ;
ED WUE aneenscccceb a ccua cnt’ 3. gracilis, p. 371. VoL, I. 2B
we Re
eS, Pe
370 COLUBRID.
Il. No preocular,
Seales in 13 rows: 03 scaecasstsn oe’ . 4. davisonii, p. 372. Scales in 15 row8.......0seeeseeeee .. 5, tristrigatus, p. 372.
1. Dryocalamus nympha.
Russell, Ind. Serp. i. pls. xxxvi. & xxxvii. (1796).
Coluber nympha, Daud. Rept. vi. p, 244, pl. Lxxv. fig. 1 (1803).
Lycodon nympha, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 120 (1837).
Odontomus nympha, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 450 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 206 (1858), and < Brit. Ind. p. 233 (1864) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 38, pl. v. fig. 2 (1879).
ee eer semifasciatus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) ix.
p- 127, pl. ix. fig. 6. Peso th panitaadlndinn Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 234.
~ nymphe, var. ceylonensis, F’. Miill. Verh. nat, Ges. Basel, viii, 1887, p. 2
Hydropkobus. nympha, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 298 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nisi entire or divided ; suture between the internasals usually as long as that between the preefrontals or a little shorter; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, usually entering the eye; one or two pre- oculars; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 24+3; seven (ex- ceptionally eight or six) upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 200-243; anal divided; subcaudals 65-88. Whitish, with or without small brown spots, and with large elliptic dark brown or black spots much longer than the interspaces between them; a large brown spot nearly covers the upper surface of the head and is separated from the first dorsal spot by a narrow white occipital band ; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 460 millim. ; tail 90.
Southern India and Ceylon.
a-b. Hgr. (V. 243, 235; Cuddapa Hills. Col. Beddome [C.]. C. 87, 85). :
c-d. g (V. 231, 225; C. Vellore. Dr. P. Russell. (Types.) 83, 77).
ef. 3 (V. 219; aS 71) & §. Arcot, near Col. Beddome [C.]. Q (V. 216; C. 71). coast.
g-t. 3 (VY. 231 ; Cc. 75) & BalarangamHills. Col. B Beddome [C.]. her. (V. 240, 223 ; C.
74, 75). k. gr. (V. 223; C. 65). Collegal, Balara- Col. Beddome [C.}.
rangams.
1. Q (V. 282; C. 77). Salem district. Col. Beddome [C.]. m. Hgr. (V. 238; C. 77). Trichinopoly. Col. Beddome [C-}, n. Her. (V. 281; C. 83), Nallymally. Col. Beddome [C.
v. 2 (Vv. 220; C. 80). Travancore. Col, Beddome [C. p. 2(V. 211; © 80). Trincomalee. Col. Yerbu A 4 q. & (V. 219; C. ?). Ceylon. Sir A. Smit t ~~
51. DRYOCALAMUS. 37]
r-s. ie (V. 213, 215; Cayloa. D:. A. Giinther [P.}. C. 78, 75). t. Hgr. (V. 200; C. 88). Ceylon. W. Ferguson, Eaq. [P.). u. ¢ (V. 206; C. 80). Ceylon, Col. dome ot v. Hgr. (V. 232; C. 84), Seats T. C, Eyton, Esq. [P.’. (Type of HL, semifasciatus.)
2. Dryocalamus subannulatus.
Odontomus subannulatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 454 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén. 36, pl. v. fig. 8 (1870). Nymphophidium maculatum, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. P 235, pl. xix. fig. H (1864); F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vii. 1832, p. 150. —— subannulatum, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 219. ae) subannulatus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind. Rept. p. 297 Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal divided or semidivided ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than that between the prefrontals; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal longer than deep, entering the eye; one pre- and two postoculars; temporals 2+2; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; three or four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 225-244; anal entire; subcaudals 93-107. Pale brownish above, with a dorsal series of large brown transverse spots, and, on each side, a series of small spots alternating with the dorsals; a brown band across the prefrontals, another between the eyes, and a large brown blotch on the parietals ; yellowish beneath. Total length 295 millim. ; tail 70. Sumatra, Singapore, Pinang.
a. 5 (V. 244; C. 107). Singapore ? Gen. Hardwicke [P.}. (Type of N. maculatum.) b. 2 (V. 225; C. 93). Sumatra. Dr. Bleeker. (Coronella prosopeion, Blkr.)
3. Dryocalamus gracilis. (Puiate XXV. fig. 2.) Odontomus gracilis, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 234 (1864), —— fergusonii, Haly, Taprobanian, iii. 1888, p. 51. Hydrophobus gracilis, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p, 298 (1890), Rostral twice as broad as deep, just visible from above; nasal semidivided ; suture between the internasals as long as that between the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep, entering the eye, separated from the supraocular by a small pre- ocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+3; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior, Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 200-234; anal entire; subcaudals 75-85. Whitish, each scale brown in the centre, with large dark
2382
« a. a
372 COLUBRID.
brown spots separated by narrower interspaces; these brown spots much shorter, roundish, on the hinder part of the body ; head dark brown above, separated from the first dorsal spot by a narrow white collar ; upper lip and lower parts uniform white.
Total length 530 millim.; tail 100.
Southern India and Ceylon,
a, 3 (V. 284; C. 83). Anamallay Hills. Col. Beddome [C.). (Type.) b. Hgr. (V. 234; C. 85). Cuddapa Hills, Col. eldases [C.].
4. Dryocalamus davisonii.
Ulupe davisonii, Blanf. Journ. As. Soc, Beng. xvii. 1878, p. 128, and Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 221; Boettg. Ber. Offend. Ver. Naturk. 1888, p. 55.
Hydrophobus davisonii, Bouleng. Faun, Ind., Rept. p. 299 (1890).
Rostral not twice as broad as deep, visible from above; nasal un- divided ; suture between the internasals as long as that betwecn the prefrontals ; frontal longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep, entering the eye; no preocular; one or two postoculars ; temporals 1+2 (or 242); seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 13 rows. Ventrals 235-265; anal entire; subcaudals 91-108. Above with dark brown or black elongate spots separated by white or pale brown narrower interspaces; on the hinder half of the body the brown spots become smaller or may be broken up; snout brown, connected with the first dorsal brown spot by a longitudinal brown band, the rest of the head being whitish ; lower parts whitish, tail mottled with brown. :
Total length 670 millim.; tail 150.
Tenasserim, Siam, Cochinchina.
a-b. g (V. 236; ©.91) & Cochinchina. FE, ©. Cox-Smith, Esq. | P.}. 2 (V. 235; ©. 96). c. do (V. 254; C. 99). Annam. ais Hall Mus., Hongkong y
5. Dryocalamus tristrigatus. (Pratr XXV. fig. 3.) Dryocalamus tristrigatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 121 (1858).
Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above half as long as its distance from the frontal; nasal undivided ; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre- frontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep, entering the eye; no preocular ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 243; seven upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the antcrior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields very short,
>.
SS OS eS aS ee
52. PsEUDASPIS. 373
Seales in 15 rows. Ventrals 224; anal entire; subcaudals 86. Dark brown above with three white stripes ; upper head-shields edged with white ; upper lip, outer row of scales, and lower surfaces white.
Total length 360 millim. ; tail 80.
Habitat unknown.
a. 2 (V. 224; C0. 86). SE Haslar Collection. (Type.)
,
52, PSEUDASPIS.
Duberria, part., Fitzing. N. Class. Rept, Re Passe
Coluber, part., 'Sehleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 125 (183
Coronella, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp ‘én, vii. p- 07 (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. Col Sn. p. 34 (1858) ; Sem Arch, Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863,
eraiatol Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1864, p. 168. Cadmus (non ory), Theob. Cat. Rept. As, Soc, Mus. p. 58 (1868).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 14, posterior longest ; anterior mandibular teeth much longer than the posterior. Head slightly distinct from neck; eye moderate or rather small, with round pupil. Internasal entering the nostril. Body cylindrical; scales smooth, with apieal pits, in 27 to 31 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail moderate; sub- caudals in two rows.
South Africa.
1. Pseudaspis cana.
Coluber canus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid. i. p. 31, » pl. xi. fig. 1 (1754), and 8. N. i. p. 382 (1766); Merr. Beitr. Nat. Amph. i. aby Le, ix. (1790); Daud. Rept. vi. p. 359 (1803); Schleg. Phys. a p. 156, pl. vi. tigs.7 & 8 ( 837) ; Smith, Tul. Zool. 8. 4fr., pis. xiv.—xvii. (1842).
Duberria cana, Fitzing. N. Class. pois 55 (1826).
Coronella cana, Dum. § Bibr. vii (1854) ; Giinth, Cat. p. 40 (1858) ; Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat, Phys. ii. 1863, p. 253. °
Pseudaspis cana, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 168.
Cadmus cuneiformis, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 58, and Cat, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 163 (1876).
Coronella phocarum, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 836.
Snout rather prominent, with angular canthus rostralis and ver- tical slightly concave lores ; rostral considerably deeper than broad, - the portion visible from above about half as long as its distance from the frontal ; suture between the internasals as long as or longer than that between the prefrontals ; frontal as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or longer than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular; two or three postoculars, and a subocular separating the fifth labial from the eye ; temporals 2+3 or 344; seven upper labials, fourth entering the eye; five or six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are longer than the posterior. Scales in 27 to 31 rows. Ventrals 175-212; anal divided; subcaudals 50-70. Young
374 COLUBRID,
pale brown, with dark brown white-edged spots forming four longi- tudinal series; sometimes a darker vertebral line; lower yellowish or purplish brown, uniform or spotted with black. Adult very variable in colour, brown or reddish, with more or less distinct spots, often uniform dark brown or black.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 250.
South Africa,
A. Pale brown above.
a-c. 2 (Se. 29; V. 212; C.58), ms aa Dr. Lee [P.}. hgr. (Se. 29; V. 189; C. 50), 0 & yg. (Se. 29; V. 183; C. 69).
d. Yg. (Se. 27; V. pee C. 55). Cape Cook.
e. d (Sc. 31; V. 199; 0.70). SS. Africa, Capt. i. C. St. John Pr
f. & (Se. 27; V. 187; C. 62). 5S. Africa, Mr. J. Abrahams [P,}.
y. Yg. (Se. 29; V. 189; C. 70), S. Africa. Mr. A. Thomson j P.}.
h. & (Se. 29; V. 183; C. 58). S. Africa.
t Yg. (Se. 31; V. 189; C. 63). S. Africa. (One of the types of C. phocarum.)
B. Dark brown or black. °
k. 3 (Se. 27; V.185; C. 66). Simon’s Bay. HM.S. “Challenges i. Hgr. (Se. 31; V.199; C.51). Cape Town. te G. H. fh.
m. @ (Se. 81; V. 209; C. 54). Robben Isl. Rev. rd H. R. Fisk )
Be n-o. & (Se. 31,31; V.175,184; S. Africa. College of Sur- C, 65, 61). geons.
(Types of C. phocarum.)
p. & (Se. 27; V.184; ©. 70). 8. Africa. aslar Collection.
C. Osteological specimens,
q. Ad., skel. 8. Africa. r. Skull. S. Africa, ag
53. ZAOCYS.
Coryphodon, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 107 (1858) ; Jan, Elenco sist. Ofid. p. 63 (1863).
Zaocys, Cope, Proe Ac. Philad. 1860, op 568 ; -Giinth. Rept. Brit: Ind. p- Ds (1864) ; Bouleng. pieces In Rept. p. 829 Gas
Herpetodryas, part., Jan, 7. ce. p. 80
Zapyrus, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 256.
Maxillary teeth 20 to 33, increasing in size posteriorly ; mandie? bular teeth subequal. Head elongate, distinct from neck; e large, with round pupil ; a subocular beneath the preocular. Bo elongate, a little compressed ; scales smooth or keeled, with fe pits, in 14, 16, or 18 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail long ; sub- caudals in two rows.
South-eastern Asia.
53. zaocys. 375
Synopsis of the Species. ‘ . Asingle loreal; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. A. Scales in 16 rows. Two or four rows of scales keeled; sub-
SSS ee 1. dhumnades, p. 375. Four or six rows of scales keeled; sub- [p. 376. candals 123-137 4... . cece eee eeees 2. nigromarginatus, B. Scales in 14 rows, all smooth ...... 3. luzonensis, p. 377.
II. Two or three loreals ; scales in 16 or 18 rows.
Two median rows of scales keeled; sub-
caudals 110-118; fifth and sixth labials
entering theeye.......-.eeeeeeeeees 4. carinatus, p. 377. Seales all smooth; subcaudals 163-165;
fifth and sixth labials entering the eye.. 5. fuscus, p. 378. Scales all smooth ; subcaudals 123; fourth [p. 378.
or fifth labial entering the eye ........ 6. tenasserimensis,
1. Zaocys dhumnades. (Prare XXVI. fig. 1.)
Coluber dhumnades, Cantor, Ann. § Mag. N. H. ix. 1842, p, 483, and Cat. Mal. Rept. e 74 (1847).
Ablabes vittatus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 326 (1854); Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 281.
Coryphodon carinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858).
Zaocys dhumnades, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563; Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 256, pl. xxii. tig. A (1864).
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontals once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; loreal
- longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+1; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16 rows, the two median strongly keeled; a second dorsal pair may be feebly keeled. Ventrals 187-194; anal divided ; subcaudals 108-116. Anterior half of body olive above, with black edges to the scales and a yellow or orange, black-edged vertebral stripe ; upper lip and belly yellow, the olive of the upper parts extending down to the ends of the ventrals ; on the posterior part of the body the upper surfaces turn to black and the lower to dark olive or
grey. Total length 1950 millim. ; tail 530. Southern China.
Th ak a” =
—
376 COLUBRID.
a. do (V.191; C. ?). Chusan, Dr. Cantor. (Type.)
b. g (V. 189; C. ?). Chusan.
c-e. do (V. 194, 189,194; Mountains north A. E. Pratt, Esq.[C.1. C. 115, 116, 115). of Kiukiang.
ft. & (V. 187; C. 112). [ Deccan. } Col. Sykes [P.}.
2. Zaocys nigromarginatus.
Coluber nigromarginatus, Blyth, Jowrn, As. Soc. Beng, xxiii. 1854, p. 290.
Coryphodon carinatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858), and Proc. Zool. Soe.1860, p. 163.
Zaocys nigromarginatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 257, pl. xxii. fig. B (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 172 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 329 (1890).
Coryphodon dhumnades (non Cant.), Jan, Icon. Gén, 24, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1867).
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the end of the snout or than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 242 (rarely 14+ 2); eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16 rows, the four or six median keeled. Ventrals 190-205; anal divided; subcaudals 123-137. Green above, scales black-edged, yellowish green below ; two broad deep black bands along each side of the tail, advancing forwards on the trunk to its middle third in adult specimens, and nearly to the head in young ones; the two upper bands separated from each other by the joining halves of the two vertebral series of scales.
Total length 2100 millim. ; tail 600.
Himalayas (to 7100 feet), Khasi Hills, and Kakhyen Hills, Upper Burma.
a,b. 6 (V.193; C.1380) & Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. ye. (V. 194; 0. 130). Pa. ce. 3 (V. 194; 6. 130). Sikkim. Messrs. tc bier y = tweit d-e. g (V.190; C.132) & Sikkim. Sir J. Hooker [P.]. 2 (V... 387.3) 0. Fo. Ft. 9 (V. 194; C. 124). Darjeeling. W. (Ph Blanford, Esq. g-h. 2 (V. 205; C.1381) & — Khasi Hills. Sir J. Hooker [P.}. hgr. (V. 195; C. 130).
7,k-m,n. & (V. 205, 193; —?P East India Museum. ~ C. 131, 130), 2 (V. 196, r 197; C. 126, 123), & yg. (V. 193; ©. 137). | o. 2 (V. 201 ; C. 134). —— ? [Afghanistan. ]
53. zaocys. 377
8. Zaocys luzonensis. (Prare XXVI. fig. 2.) Zaocys luzonensis, Giinth. Proc. Zool, Soc. 1873, p. 169.
Rostral as deep as broad, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal at least twice as long as deep ; one preocular, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 24+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior, Scales smooth, in 14 rows. Ventrals 205; anal divided ; subcaudals 119. Pale clive-brown above, the scales edged with black; lower parts yellow, turning to dark olive posteriorly.
Total length 2500 millim. ; tail 650.
Philippine Islands.
a. fo (V. 205; C. 119). Lazon. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. (Type.)
4. Zaocys carinatus. (Prare XXVII. fig. 1.) Coryphodon carinatus Giinth. Cat. p. 112 (1858). Zaocys carinatus, Giinth Re t. Brit. Ind. x 256 (1864). Ptyas korros, part., Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 221.
Rostral broader than deep, visible from above ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral, a little shorter than the parietals ; two or three loreals ; one preocular, with a subocular below it ; two post- oculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth enter- ing the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales in 16 or 18 rows, two or four middle rows keeled. Ventrals 208-215; anal divided; subcaudals 110-118. Brownish olive or blackish anteriorly, with yellowish spots or irregular cross bands, yellowish or pale brown posteriorly with a large deep-black network; lower parts yellowish anteriorly, bluck and yellow posteriorly.
Total length 3v00 millim.; tail 750.
Borneo, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula,
a. do (V. 200; C. ?). Borneo. ve Belcher [P.}, | b. g (V. 215; C.118). District of Deli, Su- Me ae [C.}. | matra.
e. & (V. 208; C.110). Singapore. Dr. Dennys [P.}.
d. ¢ (V.208; C.118). Perak. Peet Anderson >},
378 : COLUBRID.
5. Zaocys fuscus. (Prare X XVII. fig. 2.)
Coryphodon fuseus, Giinth, Cat. p. 112 0 (1988 ? Herpetodryas horneri, Jan, Elenco, p. Zaocys fuscus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Tn p- $56 (1864),
Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as its distance from the rostral or the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals; three loreals ; one preocular, with one or two small suboculars below it; two postoculars ; temporals 242 ;— nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are much shorter than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 16 rows. Ventrals 189-198 ; anal divided; subcaudals 163-165. Olive above, yellowish inferiorly ; a black Jateral band along the posterior part of the body and along the tail, extending to the outer ends of the ventral and subcaudal shields.
Total length 2900 millim.; 4. il 1000.
Borneo and Sumatra.
aod (Vv. 195 ; C, 163). Borneo. (T ) Her. ¢ (V.192; C.165). Borneo. Sir E. Belcher [P.}.{ YP®&* ¢, og Am: 189, 198; C. Nias. Hr, Sundermann [C.]. .
®), e. ¢ (V.195; C.?). ——? _ Dr. Bleeker.
6. Zaocys tenasserimensis.
Zaocys tenasserimensis, W, L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 238, pl. vi. fig. 3.
‘Rostral as broad as deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the preefrontals; frontal longer than broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; three loreals ; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two post- oculars ; a single pair of long, superposed temporals ; seven or eight — upper labials, fourth or fifth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are equal to the poste- rior. Scales smooth, in 16 rows. Ventrals 201; anal divided ; subcaudals 123. Black above, greenish olive on the head; ante- riorly with traces of a white vertebral line; in the middle part of the body a series of ill-defined white transverse bands bordered with black posteriorly ; on the hinder part of the body the bands are gradually transformed into seven longitudinal series of white spots separated by a black network; below yellowish, the outer edges of the ventrals dusky, tail with a median dusky streak.
Tenasserim.
_ 54, zamenis, : 379
54. ZAMENIS.
Hemorrhois, Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 982, and 1827, p. 588 (nom. nud.) ; Eichw. Faun. Casp.-Caue. p. 113 (1841).
Tyria, .» Fitzing. N. Class. Rept. p. 29 (1826).
Zamenis, part., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. Fas (1830)
Periops, Wagl. l. c. p. 180, Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gen. vit p- 674 (1854); Jan, pod sist. high 59 (1863),
Coluber, ae
Beasasoplls, § Bibr. t. p. “683; Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. I 101 1858) ; Jan, 1. c. p. 65: Gtinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 252 (1864) ; ocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 663 (1888); ouleng. Faun. Ind., pees ()-
Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. tg (1853) ; Bocourt,
op. of 'p. 697 (1890) ; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, Mosticophis, Baird § Gir. 2. €. p. 98; Jan, 1. ¢. p. 64.
Bee eo ely . 104; Jan, l. ce. p.58; Bocourt, 1. e.
p- 660 (1888) ; ie 68 Coryphodon, part. tbr. t.c. p. 180; Giinth. Cat. p. 107 ; lan, l. c. p. 3.”
Herpetodryas, Dum. § Bibr. t.c. p. 203 ; Giinth. Cat. p. 113 ; Teche pe” % .
Septal, part. Dum. § Bibr. t. c. p. 528. fag ag Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563 ; Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind.
pilmothyre, Cope, 1.¢. p.568. re = iy, sae As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1860, p. 114. sega Tate: Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
blabes, Giinth. Ann. & Mag. N.H. (3) xv. 1865,
whet ar Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. 356 (1865). chi Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xxiii. 188 “ad 491. Tevue ius, part., Bocourt, op. cit. p.715 (1890).
Maxillary teeth 12 to 20, increasing in size posteriorly, forming a continuous series or the two last separated from the others by a very narrow interspace; mandibular teeth subequal, or anterior slightly enlarged. Head elongate, distinct from neck; eye mode- rate or large, with round pupil; usually one or more suboculars. Body elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, with apical pits, in 13 to 43 rows; ventrals rounded or with an ohtase lateral keel. Tail moderate or long; subcaudals in two rows.
Europe; Asia; North Africa; Senegambia; North and Central America.
As observed by Dr. Giinther in 1864 (Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 252), the species of this genus xfford a complete transition from the “Corypbodont” dentition as exemplified by Z. korros or Z. con- strictor to the somewhat ill-defined “ Diacranterian ” type as shown by Z. gemonensis, the skull of which is here figured.
Skull of Zamenis gemonensis.
Synopsis of the Species. I. A pair of internasals and a pair of prefrontals.
A. Posterior chin-shields in contact anteriorly *.
Scales in 13 rows; ventrals 194-197 .... 1. dipsas, p. 383. Scales in 15 rows; ventrals 162-177 .... 2. korros, p. 384. Scales in 17 rows; ventrals 190-208 .... 3, mucosus, p. 385.
B. Posterior chin-shields usually separated from each other by
scales. — 4 1, Seales in 15 or 17 rows (exceptionally 19 in Z, flagelli- formis ?).
a. Portion of rostral seen from above not more than half as long as its distance from the frontal. |
a. Frontal anteriorly wider than the supraocular, a 4 |
* Scales in 15 rows; fourth and fifth labials entering THOCFO i ivinee'e salou a.» 4, oawace, p. 386, —
* It is necessary, for ascertaining this character, to distend the skin of the - chin to make sure that small scales are not hidden in the mental groove. 2
«
54, ZAMENIS. 381
** Scales in 17 rows.
+ Snout moderately projecting, obtuse.
Third and fourth (rarely fourth and fifth)
labials entering the eye; ventrals 160-
190; subcandals 74-104 ............ 5. constrictor, p. 387. Fourth and fifth labials entering the eye;
ventrals 184-197; subcaudals 110-128. 6. lineatus, p. 388. A single labial entering the eye; ventrals
185-202; subcaudals 111-113 ...... 7. mentovarius, p. 389.
tt Snout very prominent, rather pointed ; ventrals 180-203; subcaudals 85-99. 13. spinalis, p. 394. fA. Frontal not or but slightly wider than the supraocular ; ventrals 182-211. A subocular below the preocular; two
labials entering the eye; subcaudals [p. 389. Raises wi gue < vos 5 caciclbpav dpa 8. flagelliformis, A subocular below the preocular; two labials entering the eye; subcaudals EES Diiwt cue cess esisnteacea ss 9. teniatus, p. 390. No subocular; three labials entering the [p. 392. eye; subcaudals 133-152............ 10. pulcherrimus,
b. Portion of rostral visible from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal; ven- trals 175-206.
Three labials entering the eye ; subcaudals
RUE ys Aaa a's 0.9’ a's » Hama wares 11. mexicanus, p, 392. One or two labials entering the eye; sub- caudals 75-108... 2.2... .20.cceeees 12. grahami, p. 393.
2. Scales in 19 rows (rarely 17 in Z. gemonensis). _a@. Frontal not or but slightly wider than the supraocular, more than once and a half as long as broad. Ventrals rather indistinctly angulate late-
rally; scales with two apical pits...... 14. gemonensis, p. 395. Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally ; . scales with a single apical pit ........ 15. dahlii, p. 397.
b. Frontal anteriorly considerably wider than the supraocular.
«. Nine upper labials, two of which enter the eye. Ventrals 214-262; subcaudals 113-145.. 16. rhodorhachis,
[p. 398,
Ventrals 199-211; subcaudals 82-119 .. 17. ventrimaculatus, [p. 399. jf. Nine upper labials ; a subocular separates the eye from
the sixth labial .......... 18. karelinii, p. 401.
aes. ” he see _ a. east oe eae ies : * . . ,: ? 382 : COLUBRID, : ia y- Eight upper labials ........ 19. elegantissimus, —
[p. 402. 3. Scales in 21 or 23 rows; two labials enter the eye.
a. One preocular (rarely divided), with a subocular belowit; ‘-
scales smooth, Nine upper labials; subcaudals not more
than 100° SOs Wea aca oeicnea cn en 20, florulentus, p. 402, Be |
Nine upper labials ; subcaudals more than
100. vicdacent ete o's tao Dat + Palate a ea 21. gracilis, p. 404. Eight upper labials ; subcaudals less than
100; pscnres Ko ou wale KH ele Alka EE 22. fasciolatus, p. 404.
b. Two preoculars in addition to the subocular; scales with an obtuse or faint keel...... 23. ravergiert, p. 405.
4. Scales in 23 or 25 rows, usually a single labial enters the eye.
a. Two preoculars in addition to the subocular.
Scales obtusely or faintly keeled ; ventrals 197-216; subcaudals 79-101 ........ 24. nummifer, p. 407. Scales perfectly smooth ; ventrals 219-228 ; , subcaudals 107-119 .............08, 25. socotre, p. 408.
b. One preocular, with a subocular below it; ventrals 214- 232; subcaudals 87-104 .... 26. algirus, p. 408.
5. Scales in 25 to 29 rows; eye usually separated from the labials by suboculars........-. 27. hippocrepis, p. 409.
6. Scales in 31 rows; two labials entering the eye. 28. dorri, p. 410.
Il. Preefrontals broken up into three or more shields; eye sepacales from the labials by suboculars ; anal entire.
A. Seales in 25 to 33 rows; 10 to 13 upper labials.
Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader
BOR GOI 5-55 oS sins ccocutenis ene aber 29. diadema, p. 411. Rostral aah deeper than broad, wedged in
far between the internasals .......... 30. arenarius, p. 413.
B. Scales in 41 to 43 rows; 14 or 15 upper labials. 31. microlepis, p. 413,
As has been done for the genus T'rropidonotus, a table is endl 5 showing the numbers of scales and shields in the different species, _ with the object of facilitatirg the identification of specimens:—
-
= 7
= ’
54. ZAMENIs.
. Old-World species.
383
© ah
Lab, entering eye.
ts
to T wero tortor nonsnotororotoe | >
4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th. Sth, 6th.
Sth, 6th. |
5th.
5th, or 4th, 5th, Sth, 6th.
5th, 6th.
4th, 5th.
Sth, 6th.
Sth, or 5th, 6th. 5th
Sth, or 6th, or 0. 5th, or 6th, or 0. 4th, 5th.
0.
0.
0.
. ti, hal -_ SS = =: eo ee Se ae
If. American species. gt Rh re oe Lab. entering eye. 15 | 154-160 | 2 87 | 4th, 5th. 17 | 160-190 | 2 74-104 | 3rd, 4th, or 4th, 5th. 17 | 184-197 2 | 110-128 | 4th; 5th’ 17 | 185-202} 2 | 111-113 | 4th or 5th. | 17 | 182-211 | 2 | 80-112 | 4th, 5th. ..| 15-17, 196-209 | 1-2 | 115-157 | 4th, 5th. | 17 | 191-205 | 2 | 133-152 | 4th, 5th, 6th. 17 | 184-190) 2 | 127-135 | 4th, 5th, 6th. 17 | 175-206 2 | 75-108 | 4th, 5th, or 5th, 6th.
1. Zamenis dipsas.
Herpetodryas di Schleg. Phys. . ii. p. 197 (1837). i Savenuas’ Dae Bie ai J oh rae. olivaceus, Giinth. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (3) xv. 1865, p. 92.
Snout scarcely projecting, obtuse ; eye very large. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parictals ; loreal a little longer than deep; a divided preocular, not touching the frontal ; a small subocular below the prwocular ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials ia contact with the anterior chin-
rr.
: f
384 COLUBRID.
shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and in con- tact anteriorly. Scales smooth, in 13 rows, Ventrals 194-197: anal entire ; subcaudals 102-130. Blackish brown above, the sides yellow on the anterior portion of the body; upper lip yellow; lower parts yellow anteriorly, with a lateral series of blackish-brown spots, turn- ing to brown towards the midde, the posterior portion of the body and the tail being of a uniform blackish brown above and below.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 500.
Celebes.
a. 3 (V. 197; C. 102). Manado. Dr. Bleeker. (Type of Megablabes olivaceus.)
2. Zamenis korros.
Coluber korros, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 139 (1837), and Abbild. p. 99, pls. xxvii. & xxviii. figs. 1-6 (1840); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 74 (1847).
Coryphodon korros, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 186 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 110 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 24, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1867).
Ptvas korros, Cone, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563; Giinth. Rent. Brit. Ind. p. 250 (1864); Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 169 (1876) ; Anders. An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 816 (1879).
Zamenis korros, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 324 (1890).
Snout slightly projecting, obtuse; eye very large. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, or a little longer, and as long as the parietals; usually two or three loreals; one large procular, usually not touching the frontal, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 242; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior; latter in contact anteriorly. Scales smooth, or feebly keeled on the posterior part of the back in the adult, in 15 rows. Ventrals 162-177; anal divided; subcaudals 122-145. Brownish or olive above, the scales on the posterior part of the body and on the tail edged with black; lower surfaces uniform yellow ; young with transverse series of roundish pearl- coloured spots, forming cross bands.
Total length 1500 millim. ; tail 600.
Sikkim Himalayas, Assam, Burma, Western Yunnan, Southern China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java,
a, & (V. 166; C. 122). Kiu Kiang. A. E. Pratt, Esq. 4
b,c. 2 (V.167; C.?) & Hong Kong. J. C. Bowring, Esq. her. (V. 166; C.?). [P.].
d. & (V. 164; C.P). Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. [P.).
e. 9 (V. 176; C.136). India. Capt. Stafford (ea
f. 6 (V. 176; C.?). Siam. _ M. Mouhot [0.}.
g. Ugr. (V.169; C.139). Mergui. Prof. Oldham [P.}.
h. Agr. (V.172; C.180). Pinang. Dr. Cantor.
i. d (V. 177; C. 185). Pinang. Gen. Hardwicke [P.].
54, ZAMENIS.
(V. 168; C.?). Singapore. nnys [P.}. 7 Y. 166; 0.# sie @ ‘Lyon ies Trey J. . k (V. 162; C. 140). yg Archipelago. Dr. Bleeker. . E. Indies. 3. Zamenis mucosus. Mee. Serp. i, pl. xxxiv. (1796), and ii. pl. xxiii. fig. 2 SMe risen: ‘Linn. S. N. i. p. 888 (1766); Daud. Rept. vi.
p- 355 (1803). Natrix mucosa, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 77 (1768). Coluber blumenbachii, Merr. Tout, 119 (1820); Schley. Phys. By “nla p- 137, 1 all figs. 7 & 8 (1837). Cantor, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 51. Co saat blumenbachii, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 184 (1854) ; Giinth. P: 111 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 24, pl. ii. figs. 2-4 (1867). Leptophis trifrenatus, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1880, p. 503. arenes Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 563 ; ’ Giinth. t. Tad 248 246 ( (1864); Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. xxxix. 1870, . tie. p. 372; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p, 168 "1876) ; <a An. Zool. Res. Yunnan, p. 815 (1879) ; oettg. Zool, Jahrb, iii. 1888, p. 931. Zamenis mucosus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 324 (1890).
Snout slightly pro pjeoting, obtuse; eye very large. Rostral a little broader than deep, visible from above; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a quarter to once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals or slightly shorter; usually three loreals ; one large preocular, not in contact with the frontal, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are shorter than the posterior ; latter in contact anteriorly. Scales more or less strongly keeled on the oer part of the back, in 17 rows. Ventrals 187-208; anal divided; subcaudals 95-140. Brown above, frequently with more or less distinct black cross bands on the part of the body and on the tail; young usually with fone. cross bands on the front half of the body. Lower surfaces yellowish ; the posterior ventral and the caudal shields may be edged with black. Total length 2100 millim. ; tail 500. Transcaspia, Afghanistan, India and Ceylon, Burma, Southern
China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Java. a. ¢ (V. 188; C. 112). wc Hong H.MS. ‘ Challenger.’ ong. b-c. do (V. 187; C. 105) Formosa. R. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.}. go ae 1.0. Jerd re. . O. on .fP. E, 0) 6. ES 192, 194; C 1 VOL. I. 2¢
386 COLUBRID.
h, t-k, l-m. 3 (V. 196, Nepal. 202; C. 116, 122 & (Vv. 197, 195, ¥ iho, 117; 102). n. o (V. 193; C.110). Sikkim.
Yp. (V.192; 0.f), | Bengal. )
0. . +} p. Hgr. (V. 203; C, 185). Calcutta. Messrs. v. Schlagin- tweit A;
q. do (V. 200; C. 102), Calcutta, Zoological Society.
r. do (V. 195; C. 128). Deccan. Col. Sykes [t}
s-u. Yg. (V. 204, 198, Bombay. Dr. Leith [P.].
204; C. 180, 125, 116).
v, ww. o (V. 197 ; C. Madras, T. C. Jerdon BE 128) & 2 (V. 199,193; 3 bi C. 127, 133).
y. Yg. (V. 198; C. 185), Anamallays. Col. Beddome [C.].
z. Yg. (Vv. 197; C. 140). Ceylon. R. Templeton,
Erk a, B. Yg. oy 203,198; . Ceylon. PF) C. 133, 187). y. Yg. (Vv. 194; C. 112). Toungyi, Shan Lieut, Blakeway [C.]. States, 5000 feet. 5. Hgr. (V. mt 0.118). Siam. M. Mouhot [C.}. e. d (V. 192; C.116). Singapore. Dr. Dennys
4, Zamenis oaxace.
Coryphodon testaceus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 108 (1858),
—— oaxaca, Jan, Elenco, p. 63 (1863
Bascanion oaxaca, Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex. , Rept. p. 701, pl. xiviii. fig. 2 (1890).
Snout moderately prominent. ostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above not quite half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad; broader than the supraocular, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep; one pra- ocular, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields a little shorter than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 15 rows. Ventrals not distinctly angulate, 154-160 ; anal divided; subcaudals 87. Olive- brown above, with small black spots; lower half of upper labials yellow ; belly yellow, olive on the sides, with a few small olive spots.
Total length 580 millim.
Mexico.
a, Hgr. 9 (V. 160; C.?). Mexico, Mr. Hugo Finck [C.},
54, ZAMBENIS.
5. Zamenis constrictor.
Coluber constrictor, Linn. S. N. i. Brin es Catesby, Nat.
Harl. Journ, Ac. Philad. v. 1827, p. 548, iB, cad 1835) ; Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p, 133 1887) 5 Storer iene
sai gy ay, Faun. N. York, Rept. p. 35, Illin. Lab. iii. 189
| i |
p. 351 (1852).
U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892 Pp —— fremontii, Baird § Gir. 1. ec. p. 95. ; —— foxii, Baird § Gir. l.c. p. 96.
Hist. Carol. ii. pl. xlviii. (1771) ; . 402 02 (1808 M4
t. Mass. 225 (1839) ; Hatbr. N. Am. iii. p. 55, rat ip 9, Garni dm agp. e.g. 8 (1860); He Germ, Bal
—— flaviventris, Say, “* Long's Exped. Rocky Mount. ii. p. 185 (1828) ; Harl. U.cc.; Garm. Bull. Essex Inst, xxiv. 1892, p. 107. —— mormon, Baird § Gir. in Stansbury’s Exped. Great Salt Lake,
Bascanion constrictor, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. p. 93 (1853) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., “pg xl viii. fig. 5 (i800), Cops Proe.
—— flaviventris, Baird § Gir. le. “ig Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex.,
Rept. p. mong xlviii. fig. 3 (1 Herp. p. 127, pl. viii. figs. 12-19 (1888 vil —19 (1858). aatdia wtenon, Berd § Girsd p. 101.
aird § Gir. bef oF Gir. U.S. Explor. Exped.,
odon constrictor, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 183 (1854); Hallow. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 242; Giinth. Cat. p. 108 (1858) ; Jan,
Icon. Gén, 22, pl. iii. & pli iv. figs. 1 & 2 (1867). — flaviventris, Hallow. Proc, Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 241. —— testaceus, part., Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 108.
—— constrictor flaviventris, Jan, op. cit. 48, pl. vi. fig. 2 (1876).
Snout moderately prominent. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prwefrontals ; frontal once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, anteriorly a little broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or a little longer ; one prwocular (rarely divided), with a small sub- ocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; seven (rarely
Total length 1580 millim. ; tail 370. North America, North Mexico.
(C. constrictor.)
(V. 175; C. 97). New Orleans,
& 8 wv. 180; C. 88). N. America.
kul N. America. 2c2
"4 ire.
eight) upper labials, third and fourth (or fourth and fifth) entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or a little shorter than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals not distinctly angulate laterally, 160-190 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 74-104. Olive to black above; young with transversely oval, dark, black-edged spots.
A. Black ubove and below ; lips and throat yellowish.
388 COLUBRID.
B. Olive or brown above, yellow or pale olive inferiorly. (C. flaviventris.)
a, b-c. 2 (V.183; C.87) Bloomington, In- C. Bollman .[C. "& yg. (V.177,179; C. diana. » Beg. [0.} 80, 93).
d. g (V. 171; C. 80). Kansas, Smithsonian Inst. [P.]. é. $6 7,178; C, 84). Kansas. JS. Yg. (V. 180; C. P). Delaware. ak Esq.
g,h. & (V. 160; C.?) & Texas. 9 (V. 165; ©. 87). t-k. ¢ (V.170; C.95) —_ British Columbia. J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.].
i. - 173; C. 81). Oregon. Smithsonian Inst. [P.].
m. Yg. (V. 172; C. 93). gr ie Nevada, Cali- Mr. Gruber [C.]. ornia.
n. Yg. (V. 869; C. 84). Monterey, California.
o. 2 (V. 163; C. 82). Camp Taylor, Marin Prof. C, Eigenmann Co., California. C.).
p-q. od (V. 180; C. 104) Mexico.
t 2 (V. 170; C. 84). eee, AV 281: OFX Mexico. Mr. H. Finck [C.}.
6. Zamenis lineatus.
Bascanion lineatus, Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 700, pl. xlviii. fig. 1 (1890).
Snout moderately prominent ; eye a little larger than in Z. con- strictor. Rostral as deep as broad or a little broader, the portion visible from above measuring one third to one half its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, a little broader than the supraocular, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal considerably longer than deep; one preocular, with a small subocular below it ; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 343; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as, or a little longer than, the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 184-197; anal divided; subcaudals 110-128. Pale brown or pale olive above, each scale with a small black apical spot; young with yellowish, black-edged markings on the occiput and nape; belly uniform yellow.
Total length 1850 millim. ; tail 450.
Western Mexico.
a-c,d. 3 (V. 188, 188; Presidio, nr. Mazatlan. Mr. A. Forrer [C.}. G. 115, ?), 2 (V. 184;
C.110), & yg. (V.184; C. 115).
a ee SS ee
54, ZAMENIS. 389
e, f-4, k-l. 8 (V. 5 197; Tres Marias Islands. Mr. A, Forrer [C.].
C.'125, 1 (Vv. 195, 195, 1 ‘ 197 ; C. 113, 117, 115, 113,
m. A ead and neck). Guadalajara, 1500 ft. Dr. A. C. Buller [C. n. Ad. (head and neck). Autlan, Jalisco. Dr. A. C. Buller [C.}. oo (Vv. 187; C. 129). Amula, Guerrero. Ae W. H. Smith 5
7. Zamenis mentovarius.
Coryphodon mentovarius, Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 187 (1854). Bascanium suboculare, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 319. ome corais, var. suborbitalis, Peters, Mon. ‘Berl. Ae. 1868, P Bascanium mentovarium, Coe, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. xviii. 1879. f 2; Bocourt, Miss. Sc.’ Mex., Rept. p. 699, pl. xlv. fig. 6 ). Co ye constrictor, var. mentovarius, Garm. N. Am. Rept, p. 42 ( ).
Snout rather prominent. Rostral broader than deep, the portion visible from above about one third as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals shorter than the prefrontals; frontal not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2; seven or eight upper labials, fourth, sixth, and seventh (or fifth, seventh, and eighth) very large, fourth or fifth entering the eye ; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ;
rior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals very obtusely angulate, 185-202; anal divided; subcaudals 111-113. Olive above, this colour extending to the outer ends of the ventrals ; ill-defined yellowish lines on the sides ; sides of head marbled olive and yellow ; belly yellow, anterior ventrals with two series of olive
Mexico and Guatemala. a. o (V. 196; C. 113). a Vera 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
b. 185; C.?). Rio Chiso O. Sal C. py AM ) 0 y: vin, Esq. [C.}.
Mexico.
8. Tn fee a a
Natrix flagelliformis, part., Laur. Syn, Rept che
Coluber flagellum, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. a iy (1771).
—— flagelliformis, Rept. vi. p. 380 (1803); Holbr. N. Am. AE. onl ee xix. Re) Garm. N. Am. Rept. p . 42 (1883).
ro ier M. ii. mg ; aie 2 ena Ae. "Philad. v. 1 5. Stk, and yak Re Ki 118 (1835); Holbr. N. Am, Herp. (2nd ed.), i oe p- “ OL at
842); Garm. Bull. Essex Inst. xxiv. 1892, p. 1
390 COLUBRID.
Herpetodryas psammophis, Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 195 (1837), and “Abbild. pl. shiv. fig. 21-24 (ied). )
Psammophis flagelliformis, Holbr. N. Am. Herp. (2nd ed.) iv. p. 11,
l. ii. (1842).
— flavigularis, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 178, and in Sitgreave’s Exped. Zuni § Colorado Riv. p. 131, pl. xi. (1858).
Masticophis flagelliformis, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am, t. p. 98 (1853) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 20, pl. vi. (1867).
—— flavigularis, Baird § Gir. 1. c. p. 99, and in Marcy’s Explor. Red Riv. p. 230 (1853).
Herpetodryas flagelliformis, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 210 (1854); Giinth. Cat. p. 118 (18658).
—— flavigularis, part., Giinth. 1. ¢. p. 118.
Drymobius flagelliformis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1360, p. 561.
. —— testaceus, Cope, 1. c.
Bascanium flagelliforme, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 40 (1875), and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 6265.
—- — bicinctum, Yarrow, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. y. 1883, p. 153.
P Bascanium piceum, Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 626.
Snout rather prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above one third or one half as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals much shorter than the pra- frontals ; frontal not, or but slightly, broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and two thirds as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal nearly as long as deep or deeper; one preocular, with a subocular below it; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 243; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 (or 19?) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate, 182— 211; anal divided; subcaudals 80-112. Yellowish brown to black above, yellow inferiorly ; gular and anterior ventral regions usually with two brown or reddish stripes or series of spots.
Total length 1700 millim. ; tail 380.
Southern United States and North Mexico.
a. d (V.187 ©. 112). Brownsville, Texas. . Smithsonian Instit.
b-c. 9, skin (V. 199; Duval Co., Texas. W ‘taylor, Esq. C. 92), & head. [C.]. d. 3; a (V. 194; Texas.
C. 109).
e. Yg., skin (V. 182; Nuevo Leon. W. Taylor, Esq. 0.107). yee Or ya
f. 2 (V. 202; C. 110). N. America. ay Sci Esq.
9. Zamenis teniatus. Leptophis teniata, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1852, p. 181, and in itgreave’s Exped. Zuni § Colorado Riv. p. 133, pl. xii. (1858), -
54, ZAMENIS. 391
— is teniatus, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. 8 103 (1853), . Explor. Surv. R. R. x., Rept. pl. xxiii. ( ); Jan, Icon, rr , pl. v. (1867). — ornatus, Baird § Gir. l. ce. pp. 102, 159. —— schotti, Baird § Gir. l. c. p. 160. Leptophis lateralis, Hallow. Re Ac, Philad. rei P 237, and
odryae fs Surv. R. R. x., Gch, ¢ 13, Pl. iv. gaa
Masticophis Pilineatus, Jan, le. i x
Bascanium teniatum, Cope, Check-List N. Am. Rept. p. 40 (1875) ; Bocourt, Miss. Sc. Mex., . 703, i aly. fig. 5, & xviii. fig. 8 (1890) ; ” Cope, Proce. U.S. us. xiv. 1892, p. 629.
—a um, Cope, I. ¢.
—— teniatum laterale, Yarrow, Wheeler's ie. 7aes) 543 (1875). (1
Coluber teniatus, Garman, N. Am. Rept Bascanium laterale, Bocourt, /. c. p. 706, 06, ot 2 xlviii. fig. 'b; Cope, Proe.
US. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. —— semilineatum, Cope, l. ¢. p. 626. —— schottii, Cope, /. c. p. 629.
—— ornatum, Cope, 1. c. p. 629.
Snout rather prominent. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the
rtion visible from above not quite half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal not or but slightly broader than the supraocular, once and a half to once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one
r, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals
2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 15 or 17 rows. Ventrals very obtusely angulate laterally, 196-209; anal entire or divided ; subcaudals 115-157. Brown or blackish above, striped with lighter.
Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 410.
Southern United States, west of the Mississippi; Northern Mexico,
A. Sides with black or reddish-brown and yellow longitudinal lines ; belly uniform yellow. (ZL. teniata, Hallow.)
a. Ss 17; V. 199; C. 132). N. America. b. g (Sc. 17; V. 196; ©. 134). Presidio, Mexico, Mr. A. Forrer [C.].
B. Sides with black and yellow longitudinal lines ; belly mottled with grey, with a yellowish stripe on each side. (M. ornatus, B. & G.)
e. Ad., skin (Se. 15; V. 208; Coahuila, Mexico. W. Taylor, Esq. C. 141). , (OL de
392 COLUBRID.
C. Blackish above, with a yellow stripe along each side of the back ; belly uniform yellow. (J. lateralis, Hall.)
d. & (Se. 17; V. 199; C. 114). ar Angelos, Cali- Mr. Gruber [C.}. ornia,
10. Zamenis pulcherrimus. Masticophis pulcherrimus, Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad. 1874, p. 65.
Drymobius pulcherrimus, Cope, Bull. U.S. Nat, Mus. no. 32, 1887, p- 70; Bocourt, Miss, Sc. Mex., Rept. p. 725, pl. xlix. fig. 3 (1890).
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring about half its distance from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal not wider than the supraocular, about twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal much longer than deep (in one specimen divided into two); one preocular; two postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17rows. Ventrals very obtusely angu- late laterally, 191-205 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 133-152. Dark olive above, with three whitish stripes, anteriorly olive with four black stripes; a black stripe on each side of the head, poesitig through the eye; upper lip and lower parts white.
Total length 1110 millim. ; tail 370.
Tehuantepec.
a-b. 2 (V. 201; C. 133) Tehiuanbapon F, Samichrast [C.}. & yg. (V. 191; C. 184).
e-d. § (V. 194; C.?) & City of a a ta Dr. A. C. Buller [C.]. 2 (V.198; CG. 139).
11. Zamenis mexicanus.
Zamenis mexicanus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 695 (1854); Bocourt, Miss. Se. Mex., Rept. p. 664, pl. xlvi. fig. 5 (1888).
Masticophis mexicanus, Jan, Elenco, p. 65 (1863), and Icon. Gén. 22, pl. vi. fig. 1 (1867).
Phimothyra mexicana, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 167,
Lytorhynchus mexicanus, Cope, Proc, Am. Philos. Soc, xviii. 1879,
. 266.
Coluber mexicanus, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1883).
Salvadora mexicana, Cope, Bull. U.S. ‘Nate ‘Mus. no. 32, 1887, p. 72, and Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 619.
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral a little deeper than broad, the portion visible from above nearly as long as its distance from the frontal; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontais ; frontal scarcely wider than the supraocular, once and two thirds as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one or two preoculars ; two or three postoculars; temporals 2+2; nine upper labials, fourth, fifth, and sixth entering the eye; five lower
«
ee
a oe =
5 ~
54. ZAMENIs. 393
labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin- shields a little longer than the anterior, and se parated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. terns obtusely angulate laterally, 184-190; anal divided; subcaudals 127-135. Body pale brown anteriorly with black cross bands; the greater part of the body black, with three yellowish longitudinal bands ;
head yellowish brown above, the shields edged with black; a black band along each side of the head, passing through the eye, con- nected with its fellow by a black band across the occiput ; lower
parts uniform yellowish. Total length 1220 millim.; tail 400. Mexico. =< . 188; C.?). Mexico. ' Oe . (V. ‘184; Tierra Colorado, Guerrero. “{ H mith io * oO 27). F. D. Godman, Esq. | P 12. Zamenis grahami.
Salvadora grahami, Baird § Gir. Cat. N. Am. Rept. pp. 104, 161 1853), and U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv. ii., - p. 91, aL. v. fig. 2 riage Jan, Icon. Gén. 1, pl. iii. tig. 1 (1860); Giinth. Ann. § ; 2 (3) xii. 1863, p. 349; Garm. N. Am. . 38
f 7 eect Min. be fer., Rept. p. 661, pl. xliii. . 2 1888 Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, 9.
Sr maleminn Gi Wea wlaar Oaeke 2, fig. 3; Duges, La Naturaleza, (2) i. 1888, p. 124; Cope
Phimothyra eg Cope, Proc. "Ac. PB rilad. 1861, p. 300, and
Snout projecting, truncate. Rostral sik than broad, its lateral borders more or less distinctly detached, the portion visible from above as long as or a little shorter than its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals; loreal a little lopger than deep, sometimes with one or two detached ones below; one prwocular (rarely two), not in contact with the frontal, with a small subocular below it ; two or three postoculars ; temporals 1+2, 242, or 2+3; eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth* (rarely fifth or sixth only) sapere Hngp eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or shorter than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 175-206; anal divided; subcaudals 75-108. Above with two dark olive stripes, by an orange, yellow, or pale olive one; a nar- rower dark olive lateral streak ; head brown above ; the dark bands
* Spec. a has cight labials on the left side and nine on the t; has nine on both si y the other cpachnats ei Wht eolleation aie teks Eoeal
394 COLUBRID.
may extend on the sides of the head, passing through the eyes; upper lip and lower parts yellowish white (salmon-colour in life), Total length 1140 millim. ; tail 290. California and Nevada to Western Texas and Mexico.
a. Hgr. (V. 195; C. 108), San Bernardino, Mr. A. Forrer [C.]. California,
“fi rs) ASD 174; boa & Mexico. M. Sallé [C.].
d. 4 V 187; CO. 103), Hacienda El Flo- Dr. A. C. Buller [C.}. rencio, Zacatecas.
e. Hgr. (V. 193; C. 99). Hacienda del Hobo, P. Geddes, Esq. [P.}.
8. Mexico. J. Hgr. 2 (V. 182; C.93).. Amula, Guerrero, Mr. H. H. Smith (Oh 8000 ft. F. D. Godman, Esq. g- & (V. 192; C. 97). 8. Mexico. F. D. Godman, Esq. | P. }.
13. Zamenis spinalis.
Masticophis spinalis, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1866, p. 91.
Zamenis bocourti, Jan, Nouv. Arch. Mus. ii. 1866, Bull. p. 6.
— cataphronotus, Jan, Icon. Gén. 23, pl. li, fig. 2 (1867) ; David, Journ. N. China Br. As. Soe. vii. "1873, p . 2
spinalis, Giinth. Ann. §& Mag. N. H. (Ow ix. 1872, p. 22; Strauch, Voy. Przewaski, Rept. “6, pl. viii. (1876).
Coluber spinalis, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 45 (1883).
Snout very prominent, rather pointed. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, the portion visible from above measuring one third to two fifths its distance from the frontal ; internasals shorter than the preefrontals ; frontal broader than the supraocular, once and a half as long as broad, a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; loreal longer than deep ; one preocular, separated from or just touching the frontal, with a small subocular below it; two postoculars; temporals 142, 2+ 2, or 2+3; eight (exceptionally nine) upper labials, fourth and fifth (or fifth and sixth) entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or slightly longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by small scales. Scales smooth, in 17 rows. Ventrals very indistinctly angulate laterally, 180-203 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 85-99. Pale olive above; a yellow, dark- edged vertebral streak, commencing on the frontal shield ; posterior part of body with several dark longitudinal streaks; labials, pre- and postoculars yellow ; lower parts yellow, with a blackish streak or series of blackish spots along the outer ends of the shields.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 240.
Mongolia, Corea, China, Siam.
a. 2 (V. 198; C, 85). Corea. M. J. Kalinowski [G ; Branicki Museum b. g (V. 189; C. 99). Western Hills, near §. W. Bushell, Esq.
Peking. LE} e. 5 (V. 192; C. 90). N. China. A. Ads ams, {C. d. 3 (V. 198; C. 90). Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann,
«~
. . |
54. ZAMENIS. 395
14. Zamenis gemonensis.
Natrix gemonensis, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 76 (1768). Coluber capi, Zan, Iwan, Voy. en Russie, i EM bth De 317, pl. xxi. (1769). 5
yt a 86 (17 estes vi, p. 292 a ieatnaag Faun, , Rept. 1826) ; Bonap. aun. Ital, (1833) ; Schleg. ’ Phys. 5 Bip i ii. . iv.
figs. 11 & 12 (1837); De Betta, Erp. Veron, p. 203 (1857).
—— vulgaris, Bonnat. "Encyel. Méth., Ophiol. p. 28 (1790).
—— communis, Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 208 (1798).
—— sardus, Suckow, Anfangsgr. d. Naturg. iii. Sage (1798).
—_— luteostriatus,@mel. Der Naturf. xxviii. 17 0 pL iii. fig. 2.
—— jugularis, Georgi, Beschr. Russ, R. iii. p. 1882
—— petalarius, itd ce. p. 1883.
—— atrovirens, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 449 (1802); Metara, Mon. Serp.
rcpt 0A
ud. op. cit. viii. gt ath ih
Tidieey ok Soc. Linn. Bord. xii. 1a, p- 59,
—— trabalis, Pall. Zoogr. Ross.-As. iii. p. 42 Cais Rathke, Mém. Sav. Etr, Ac, St.~Pétersb. iii. 1887, p. 308, pl. i. fig. 8; Nordm. in Demidoff, Voy. Russ. Mér. iii. p. 844, Rept. pl. v. (1840).
—— glaucoides, Millet, Faune de Maine et Loire, i. p. xvi (1828).
—— acontistes, Pall. J. c. p. 43.
—— thermalis, Pall. 1. c. p. 44.
—— erythrogaster, Fisch. de Waldh. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. iv. 1832,
574. Bothrio his erythrogaster, Eichw. Reise Kasp. Meer. i. pt. 2, p. 748
er es var. carbonarius, ve Mem, Ace. Tor, (2) ii.
Zamenis MN inlifincoe Dum. = Bibr. se 5 008 (1854); Viaud- Grandmarais, Et. Serp. Ve 16 (1868); Fatio, Vert. Suisse, iii. p. 185 3 cab De Bete | ‘aun. Ital., Relt, Anf. p. 41 (1874) Schreib. Eur. p 267 (1875) ; Jan, Icon, Gén. 48, p figs. 4-7 (ist6) Tobeets, Herp. Gir. p. 158 (1876) ; Taye ABA. Senck. Ges. xiii. 1883, p. 180; R. Martin, Bull. Soc. N Oucet France, ii. 1892, p. 149.
—— trabalis, Dum. & Bibr. t. ¢. p- 689; Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p- 116 (1878).
—— atrovirens, Giinth. Cat. p. 101 (1858).
eee, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
ie anthicum, Cope, l. c.
Zamenis caspicus, Jan, op. = 23, pl. i. (1867).
—— gemonensis, Schreib. 1. c. p. 272; Bedri Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. ivi. 1882, p. 293; Boettg. Siteb. Ak. Berl, 1888, p. 178; Camerano, Mon. . Ital., emma 41 (1891).
—— caspius, Blanf. Zool. E. Pers » 7 (1876).
—— viridiflavus, vars. asiana et carbonaria, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, p. 151.
Snout moderately prominent, obtuse. Rostral a little broader than deep, the — visible from above measuring one fourth to two fifths its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals; frontal not or but little broader than the supraocular, once and two thirds to twice as long as broad, as
396 COLUBRID.
long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep or longer ; one preocular (rarely two), never in contact with the frontal; a small subocular below the preocular; two (rarely three) postocu- lars; temporals 2+3 or 2+2; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye; five (rarely four) lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields usually longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 17 or 19 rows. Ventrals more or less indistinctly angu- late laterally, 190-250; anal divided ; subcaudals 87-130. Colo- ration very variable. Total length 1790 millim. ; tail 500.
A. Forma ryprca.—Young pale olive above, the head black with yellow markings. Some adults preserve the pale coloration of the young, whilst others are dark green or black, with yellow spots or longitudinal streaks, &c.; the tail usually striated black and yellow ; belly yellow or greenish white, uniform or with small dark dots. Melanotic specimens have ‘been named Z. carbonarius, Bp., and Z. sardus, Suckow.
France, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Illyria, Dalmatia, and Greece.
ao oe 19; V. 205; Leffond, Haute-- Dr. F. Mocquard [P.].
C. 110). Saéne, France.
b2 3 Ce. 19; V. 200; Turin. Prof. Bonelli [P.}. Bes 04). c-d, e, f,g. & (Se. 19,19, Bologna. Prof. J. J. Bianconi [P.].
19,17; oa Sos, 218, 203; 200 ; oF 113, 113, 104, 110) & yg. (Se. 19; Vv. 219; C. 100). h. Ye. (Sc. 17; V. 210; Ferrieare, Apen- Prof. G. B. Howes [P.}. C. 98). nines. i-k, Hgr. (Sc. 19; V.217; Rome. W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. C. 110) & yg. (Se. 19; [P.]. V. 210; C. 94). Ln, o. 2 (Sc. 19, 19,19, Naples. Dr. F. S. Monticelli [E.]. 17; V. 215, 213, 214, 211; C. 109, 87, 113, 113). Lord Lilford [P.] 8. oS (Se. 19; V. 196; Syracuse. rd Lilfo %. oe. 118) & 2 (Se. 19, 19, 19; V. 204, 205, 206 ; C. 111, 98, 112). t. Her. (Be. 19; V.198; Malta. J. Couch, Esq. [P.].
u. 3 No ‘19; V.171; Cerigo Island. Dr. Forsyth Major [P.]. 109).
v ‘Shull France.
B. Var. casprus, Iwan (trabalis, Pall., erythrogaster, Fisch.).—Grey or pale olive above, each scale with a yellowish or pale brown longitudinal streak ; with or without black spots ; belly uniform orange or red,
S.E. Europe, Transcaucasia, N.W. Persia.
a. 3 (Sc. 19; V. 203; C.?). Greece. _
- 54. ZAMENIS. 397
Se. 19; V. 206; C. 100). Zargoom, Persia. 5 {Se 19; V. 194; ©. 101), ——? * Chatham Museum.
. Var. astanus, Boettg.—Brown or olive above, each scale with a longitudinal light streak, and usually with large black spots relieved by yellowish shafts; belly red, spotted or dotted with black. elanotic specimens, entirely black with the chin and throat yellow, variegated with red, are frequent.
Asia Minor, Rhodes, Cyprus, Syria.
a. + oe (Se. 19; V. 202; Budrum, Ruins of H.MLS. ‘ Supply.’
b. ¢. C
05). Halicarnassus. b-d, e-h,i-k. f (Se.17,19, Cyprus. _ Lord Lilford [P.}. 19, 19, 19; V. 203, 205, 201, 204; ©. 231, 112, 113, 111, to: y (Se. 19, i9, A 19, 19; 211, 206, 207 105, 108, 113, agg i. = Se. 19; V. 202; C. ?). rus. Dr, C. E. Cullen [PI ae ‘lo 9; v. 212; Palestine. Canon Tristram [O.]. 07). n, O-p. Ne (Se. 19; V. 205; Merom. Canon Tristram [C.].
©. 105) & - (Se. 19,
19; V. 214, 209; C. 125,
115).
qr 3 co 19, 19; V. Galilee. Canon Tristram [C.]. ; C. 119, 122).
15. Zamenis dahlii. - Egypt fig. 4 (1829). Tyre dab Fitcke i Ce, eg a0 (1838) ; , ae Icon.
Be as Zool. Spec. i 174 (1831), and Faun. Casp. —— najadum, iii. aun. - Caue. p. 115, pple xxv (1842). “5 ii ta, Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 174. Coluber ocellata, Ménétr. Cat. Rais. p. 70 (1832). corr 77 eggegdaaoad Phys. ad ii. p. 215, pl. viii. figs, 12 & Zamenis dtl Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 692 (1854) ; Giinth. Cat. p. 107 (1858); Strauch, Schl. Russ. z p 133 s (1878); F Schreib. “Herp vi tee 3 (1876);
i oe i i i ee is i i ll
Eur. p. 264 (1875); Jan, Icon. Ber. Senck, Ges, 1879-80, p. 183 Lyon, iii. 1883, p. 185, pl. xix. fig. 4.
Body very slender ; head narrow ; snout moderately prominent, pian Rostral a little broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals;
frontal not or but little broader than the supraocular, once and two
thirds or once and three fourths as long as broad, as long as or longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ;
- loreal longer than deep; one prwocular, usually in contact with the frontal, with a subocular below it ; two postoculars ; temporals 2+ 2 or 2+3 (rarely 1 + 2); eight or nine upper labials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact
398 COLUBRID.
with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by small scales. Scales in 19 rows, smooth, very narrow, with a single apical pit. Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally, 205-218; anal divided; sub- caudals ¥8-132, Olive anteriorly, with a few black, whi spots on each side, the anterior of which is sometimes confluent with its fellow and forms a nuchal collar; head uniform olive-brown above, labials, pre-and postoculars yellowish white; the greater part of the body uniform pale olive, yellowish, or pale reddish brown; uniform yellowish white inferiorly.
Total length 1080 millim. ; tail 340.
Southern Europe east of the Adriatic, Asia Minor, Transcau- casia, North-western Persia, Syria, Lower Egypt.
a. 3d (V. 210; C.114). Zara, Dalmatia. Corre M. G. Peracca AF b-e. Hgr. (V. 217; C. 126) Spalato, Dalmatia. Prof. Kotombatovie & yg. (V. 213; C. 114). Be Fa d,e. d (V. 218,212; C. ~ Dalmatia. 121, 126).
F. 3 (V. 210; C. 127). Xanthus, Asia Minor. Haslar Collection. g-h. 3 (V. 211,208; C. Xanthus. Sir C. Fellows [P.]. 124, 182). t. d (V.218; C.131). Budrum, Ruins of ~—_H.MS. ‘ Supply.’ Halicarnassus. <7 Hert. 212, 205 ; Mt. Tabor. Canon Tristram [C,].
16. Zamenis rhodorhachis.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 106 (1858), and Zool. Rec. 1872, p. 73; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 130; Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 414 (1876).
—— rhodorachis, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. in Pers. p. 356 (1865) ; Bouleng.’ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 632.
—— ladacensis, Anders. Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xl. 1871, p. 16; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. R 326 (1890); W. L. Sclater, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \x. 1891, p. 238.
Gonyosoma dorsale, Anders. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 395, fig.
Snout moderately projecting, obtuse. Rostral a little broader than deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth or one third its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supraocular, about once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal usually longer than deep; one preocular, usually in contact with the frontal; a subocular below the prae-~ ocular; two postoculars; temporals 243 (rarely 2+2); nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields longer than the anterior, separated from each other by scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 214-262; anal divided; subcaudals 113-154. Greyish
7
—————————————
54. ZAMENIS. 399
olive, uniform or with dark cross bands, which are very close together ; a bright pink or red vertebral stripe sometimes present ; whitish below, the end of each ventral with an olive or blackish
P Total length 1150 millim. ; tail 330. Egypt, Arabia, Transcaspia, Syria, Persia, Baluchistan, Western Himalayas.
A. A pink or red vertebral stripe. (Z. rhedevhattita Jan,
G. dorsale, And.) a-b. g CER 0.133) & Shiraz, Persia. 217; C. 137). OV. 227; C. 125). Shiraz. rang 217; C. 130). Bushire, Persia. Dr. Leith [P.}. B. No vertebral stripe. (Z. ladacensis, And.) (V. 248; C.?). Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson t Hoe (V. 262 ; C. 140). Bem ne eats Upper M. Lf Blasko Ea c. (V. 257; C. 154). alek Nscenws, Upper Dr. cn ‘Anderson and mes Egypt. = Prof. W. M. Flin- ders Petrie Py d. Hgr. (V. 252; ue 139). Midian, N. Arabia. Major ie) é. xg . 229; C. ?). Near Aden. oe Yerb F-h. Ye. (V. 296, 220, 226; Muscat. T. Blonto, o ra CV. 250, 334 235, M Fe Jayakar : 19-3 ‘ : ’ uscat. A.8.G. Ja ; iS "F340. ?, 125, 138, ?), P. Eat (v 233, 236, 230 ; C.?, ?, atu hgr. (V. 235; r. 2 (V.225; ©.124), Dead Sea. Canon Tristram [0:} a-t. 9 (V. 223,244; C. Ai Dara, W. Slope of M. C. Eylandt [C.}. 113, ?). Copet Daga, ’ u. ¢ (V.218; C. 126). Basho. Dr. Leith [P.}. v. d (V. 214; C. 127). get of Regan, S.E. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Yg. (V. 215; C. 135. Sirens Baluchistan. T’. Blanford, Esq. re 246,232; C. Western Rhugti Hills, wi eyes ios. 45, 133). N. of Shahpoor. z. Hgr. (V,. 243; C. 135). N.W. India. T. O. " Jerdon, Esq. iy a-B. 9 (V. 244; ©.131) Gilgit. col Biddulph [P.}.
& yg. (V. 225; C. 129).
17. Zamenis ventrimaculatus.
— Gray, Ill. Ind: Zool, ii. pl. xxx. fig. 1
——chesnei, Martin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 81.
inter (nm Sl ), Blyth, Journ. vy Soe. Beng. xxiii. P-
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, var. A, Giinth. Cat. p. 105 (1858).
400 COLUBRID, ratty semifasciatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxix. 1860,
Tyria ventrimaculata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, B. 338,
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, Giinth, Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 258 (1864) ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 73 . 82; Bend cane As, Soe, Beng. xliv. 1875, » p 208; Theob. Rept. rit, Ind. p. 169 (1876) ; OF C180) ol. Sind, p- 378 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 825 (1890
persicus, Jan, om Gén, 23, pl. ii. fig. 1 (1867).
Coluber Cane semifasciatus, Theob. Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868,
Condpatenia’ semifasciata, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. 1870, p. 188; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit, Ind. p. 164.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, part., Blanf. Zool. Persia, p. 414 (1876),
Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral.as deep as broad or a little broader than deep, hollowed out beneath, the portion visible from above not half as long as its distance from the frontal; inter- nasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal considerably broader than the supraocular, once and one fourth to once and one third as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout or slightly longer, shorter than the parietals ; loreal usually not longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal; a small subocular below the preocular; two post- oculars ; temporals 242 or 2+38; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior and separated by two series of scales, Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally, 194-211 ; ; anal divided; subcaudals 82-119. Greyish or olive above, usually with more or less marked transverse dark bars which are narrower than the interspaces between them ; a series of black spots on each side of the belly; a black obhgae streak below the eye and another on the temple.
Total length 900 millim. ; tail 230.
From the Euphrates through Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchis- tan to Kashmere, the Punjab, Sind, Cutch, and Bombay.
a. 2 (V. 210; C.101). Euphrates. (Type of C. chesnet.) b. 3 (V. 209; C. 106). Mesopotamia. ache Jones . (V. 208, 210, 206; Fao, Persia. W.D.Cumming,Esq. , 104, 99). P.}. Te a wv 204 ; . 92). Bushire, Persia. Dr. Leith [P.). g. 3 (V. 199; C. 82). Bushire, Persia. A. 9, imperfect (V.?; OC. Bezd, Afghanistan. Dr. J. ihe 11 Bovndexy Com Comm.
i-k. Yg. (V. 194,203; C. Gwadar, Baluchistan. W. T. Blanford, Esq. ,l 1. Lo? (V. 211; C. 119). Between Kashmere A. A. Kinloch, Esq.
and Murree. wi aa m. 2 (V.209; C.110). West of Jodhpur, Sind. ite a Esq. n. 9 (V. 208; C. 108). Kurrachee. Det Lath Ek o. Hgr. (V.200; C.102). Kurrachee. .- Kurrachee Mus, oh
54. ZaAMeNIs. 401 p-s. 9 (V. 211; C. 108), Sind, Dr. Leith [P.). her. (V. 210, 3 C, 166, 13), & yg. (V. ; Har. \V- 208, 199 ; Sind. F. Day, Esq. [P.}. . 2 (V. 200; C. 118 N.W. India. T. C. Jerd & yz. (V. 190; ©. 103). Ss sel x. 2'(V. 206; 6. 98). Bengal (??). Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. (Type.) . 18. Zamenis karelinii.
Coluber, (Tyria) karelinii, Brandt, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersh. iii. 1838,
Clloristodon brachycephalus, Severzow, Voy. Turkest. P 72 (1873).
Zamenis karelinii, Strauch, Schl. Russ. R. p. 110, pl. iii, (1873) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. Ps 326 (1890).
—— ventrimaculatus, part., Blanf. Zool. E. Pers. p. 414 ( yr
— var. karelinii, Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1883,
p. 92
Snout more or less pointed, projecting, with sharp canthus and nearly vertical lores; rostral as deep as broad, deeply hollowed out beneath, the portion visible from above nearly half as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal as deep as long or a little deeper than Jong; one prmocular, in contact with the frontal; a small subocular below the pra- ocular; two postoculars, with a larger subocular below them; rarely — a third subocular completely separates the eye from the labials; temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fifth normally entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin- shields; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, but extremely narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales perfectly smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 193-212; anal divided; subcaudals 85-110. Yellowish or sah grey above, with a dorsal series of transverse
: black spots or cross bands, between each pair of which there is, on each side, a black lateral spot extending on the outer border of the ventrals ; a black spot below the eye and another on the temple; lower parts white or pink. A variety is uniform pale greyish above, with a bright orange vertebral stripe.
Total length 720 millim.; tail 195.
Transcaspia, Turkestan, Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan.
A. Above with dark spots,
a. 2 (V. 208; C. 96). Krasnowodsk. St ee Mus. b. Yg.(V. 207; C.99). Kila-i-Fath, Seistan. Gon. Gotdemia [P.]. VOL. I. 2p
402 COLUBRID.
e. do (V. 202; C. 102). Karman, S.E. Persia, ieee Blanford, Esq.
d. Yg.(V. 200; C. 105). Helmund River. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.}, ; Afghan Boun Commission. e-f. 2 (V. 206, 209; C. Between Tirphul and Dr. J. Aitchison [C'). 86, 106). Kilki, Afghan Boun Commission, g. 3 (V. 193; C. 98). Candahar. Col. Swinhoe [P.}. B. Pale greyish with a bright orange vertebral stripe. h. 2 (V. 206; C.109). New Gulran. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.}. Afghan Boundary Commission.
19. Zamenis elegantissimus.
Zamenis elegantissimus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 977, pl. Ixii.
Snout strongly projecting, obtusely pointed. Rostral a little broader than deep, deeply hollowed out beneath, the portion visible from above nearly one third as long as its distance from the frontal ; internasals a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal much wider than the supraocular, once and one fourth as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals ; loreal square or a little longer than deep; two pre- oculars, upper in contact with the frontal, with one or two sub- oculars below them; two postoculars; temporals 2+ 2 or 243; eight upper labials, fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin- shields nearly as long as the anterior, separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals very ob- tusely angulate laterally, 197-200 ; anal divided : subcaudals 79-83. — Pale olive above, with a bright orange vertebral line, interrupted by broad black cross bands, which descend on to the sides of the belly and form complete rings round the tail; head with two black cross bands, the anterior on the frontal and supraoculars and passing through the eyes, the second across the parietals ; belly yellowish.
Total length 690 millim. ; tail 160.
Arabia. a. Q (V.197; C.°79). Mountains east of El Major Burton [P.}. Muwaylah, Midian. ( PP? b. 2 (V. ca. 200; C.83). Sinaitic Peninsula. © A. H. Hart, Esq,
20. Zamenis florulentus.
? Coluber guttatus (non Linn.), Forsk. Descr. Anim. p. 14 (1775). ? Coluber cahirinus, Gmel. S. N. i, p. 1115 (1788). Coluber florulentus, Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. pp. 146 & 161,
«
————— a r
54. ZAMENIS, 403
. viii. fiz. 2 (1809) ; Savigny , op. cit., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 3 (1829) ; Kaley Phys. Serp. ‘i p.1 (i887), .
Zamenis florulentus, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 693 (1854); Jan, Icon. Gén, 48, pl. vi. fig. 4 (1876).
—— ventrimaculatus, part., Giinth. Cat. p. 105 (1858).
—— dablii, part., Giinth. 1. c. p. 107.
Snout long, moderately projecting, obtuse; eye smaller than in the allied species. Rostral once and one fourth to once and one third as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one third or one fourth its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals, as long as broad or a little longer; frontal anteriorly much broader than the supra- ocular, once and one third to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one (rarely two) preocular, in contact with the frontal, with one or two sub- oculars below; two postoculars; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth usually entering the eye; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior, very narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Seales smooth, in 21 rows (rarely 23, specs. h and p). Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 201-228; anal divided; sub- caudals 82-100. Greyish or brownish olive above, with blackish square spots disposed quincuncially; nape and anterior part of body with a dorsal series of blackish cross bars and two alternating series of spots on each side ; head with more or less distinct sym- metrical dark markings; some specimens uniform olive; labials yellowish, usually each with a blackish spot; ventrals yellowish white or coral-red, with a blackish spot at each end, rarely obscured with brown dots.
Total length 1090 millim. ; tail 220.
a, b-d. g (V. 212,213; 0. Egypt. Sir J. Wilkinson [P.}.
98 e. Yg. (V. 211; C.90). Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [P. f. Her. &. me ; Oo. Egypt. Zoological Sotiely: } . Yg. (V. 219; C. 94). rypt. Cad (V. 210,218;C. Abu-Roash, W. of Dr. J. Anderson /P.1. ?, ™” & 9 (V. 216, Cairo 4 17; C. 86, 100, . ). n. Yg. (V. 220; C. 88). ids of Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson [P. ]. o. 2 (V.211; C. 95). el- el - Amarna, Dr. J. Anderson an Upper Egypt. Prof.W.M.Flinders V.214; 0. ?). _ Assiout, Upper Egypt, Dr. J Auders . Yg. (V. 214; C. P). iout, Upper t. Dr. J. Anderson [P.). be? (V. 212; C. 94) Luxor. Dr. J. Anderson Py
& yg. (V. 208; C. 97). 202
¢.,
-
404 COLUBRID. 8. 2 (V. 211; C. 87). Assouan. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}, t. Yg. (V. 215; C.95). Assouan. se me: Esq.
21. Zamenis gracilis.
Zamenis ventrimaculatus, var. B, Bee Cat. p. 106 (1858),
— gracilis, Giinth. a & Mag N. H. (3) ix. 1862, p. 125, and Rept. Brit. Ind. ters fig. H (1864) ; Theob. Cat. Rept. Bat Ind. p. 70 C (1876) ; Morey, Zool. Sind, p. 378 (1884) ; Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 827 (1890).
Tyria gracilis, Cope, Proc, ree Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Snout obtuse. Rostral nearly as deep as broad, just visible from above; suture between the internasals a little shorter than that between the prefrontals; frontal about once and a half as long as broad, slightly longer than its distance from the end of the snout, nearly as long as the parietals ; loreal nearly as deep as long; one preocular, with a small subocular below it; two postoculars ; tem- porals 242; nine upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or longer than the anterior, separated anteriorly by two scales. Scales smooth, in 21 rows. Ventrals angulate laterally, 206-228; anal divided; subcaudals 118-127. Yellowish above, with a series of large round brown spots edged with black, separated by narrow interspaces; these spots become more indistinct on the posterior part of the body; a black cross band on the snout and three angular dark brown black- edged bands on the head, the anterior between the eyes, the posterior extending on the nape; lower parts yellowish, with an irregular series of black spots on each side.
Total length 910 millim. ; tail 260.
Deccau and Sind.
(V. 213; C.121). Deccan. Col. Sykes [P. ‘Teg. > -e. 9 (V. 222,216: OC. India. W. none P, 120) & yg. (V. 206, [P. (Types). 208 ; C. 127, 118). St. 2 (V. 228; C. 118). —? Chatham Mus. J
22. Zamenis fasciolatus.
Russell, Ind. Serp.i. pl. xxi. (1796),
Coluber fasciolatus, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 528 (1802); Cantor, Cat. Mal. Rept. p. 72 (1847).
hebe, Daud. Rept. vi. p. 885 (1803),
eurvirostris, Cantor, Pros Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 51.
Coryphodon fasciolatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 109 (1858).
Tyria fasciolata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Zamenis fasciolatus, Giinth. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 254, pl. xxi. fig, F
(1864); Stoliczka, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. xl. lar1, p- 431; Theob. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind. p. 176 (1876); Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p. 327 (1890).
54. ZAMENIS. 405
Snout obtuse, curved and projecting. Rostral large, broader than deep, the portion visible from above more than half its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal ante- riorly much broader than the supraocular, once and a quarter to once and a half as long as broad, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, or as the parietals; loreal as long as deep or longer than deep; one preocular, in contact with the frontal, usually with a small subocular below it; two or three post- oculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye ; four or tive lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields nearly as long as the anterior, separated from each other by two or three series of scales, Scales smooth, in 21 or 23 rows. Ventrals 197-225; anal divided; subcaudals 73-92. Yellowish or brownish olive above, with narrow white, brown, and black variegated cross bands on the anterior half of the body ; these bands may entirely disappear in the adult ; lower parts uniform yellowish.
Total length 1060 millim. ; tail 220.
Madras Presidency, Northern India, Province Wellesley (Malay Peninsula).
a. Hgr.(V.200; C.?). | Vizagapatam District. Dr. P. Russell.
b. Hyr. (V.197; C.88). Madras. sf A Jerdon, Esq.
c. Yg. (V.209; C.92). Madras. sil W. Elliot (P.}.
d. Yg. Ms . 212; C.82). Benares. Dr. Sayer { P. }.
e. Yg. (V. 225; C.77). Gwalior. C. Maries, Esq. [E.].
f-g. & (V. 228,211; C. India. Zoological Society. 87, ?).
h. Yg. (V. 198; C. 87). Prov. Wellesley. Dr. Cantor,
23. Zamenis ravergieri.
Coluber ravergieri, Ménétr. Cat. Rais, p. 69 (1832).
—— maculatus (non Merr.), Dwigubsky, Nat. Hist. Russ., Amphib, p- 26 (1832).— Teste Strauch.
Zamenis caudelineatus, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858) ; Jan, Icon. Gén. 23, pl. iii. (1867).
re caudelineatus, Jan, in De Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 355 (1865).
Zamenis ravergieri, Strauch, Schlang. Russ, R. p.127 (1873); Blanf. ae Pers. p. 417 (1876), and 2nd Yark. Miss., Kept. p, 22 1878). Ee fedtschenkoi, Strauch, /. c. p. 135, pl. iv. —— ravergieri, var. fedtschenkoi, Loetty, Zool. Jahrb. iii, 1888, p- 927.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third to once and a half as broad as deep, the. portion visible from above measuring one third or one fourth its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals ; frontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supraocular, once and one fourth to once and a as long as broad, as long as or a
406 COLUBRID.
little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal as long as deep ora little longer; two pre- oculars, with one or two suboculars below them ; upper prwocular in contact with the frontal, usually more than half as long as the supraocular ; two (rarely three) postoculars ; temporals very small and scale-like; nine or ten upper labials, fifth and sixth entering the eye; four or five lower lahials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields about as long as the anterior, but narrower and separated from each other by two or three rows of scales. Scales with a more or less distinct, obtuse, or faint keel, in 21 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 190- 222; anal divided ; subcaudals 75-101. Pale buff or greyish above, with a dorsal series of dark rhomboidal spots or narrow cross bars, alternating with a series of smaller spots on each side; the dorsal spots usually confluent into longitudinal streaks on the tail; an oblique dark streak below the eye, and another from the eye to the angle of the mouth; head sometimes nearly entirely black, belly uniform whitish or more or less obscured with blackish dots. Total length 1330 millim. ; tail 320. Transcaucasia, Persia, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Afghanistan.
a-c, d-e. g (Se. 21, J Shiraz. (Types of Z. caudolineatus.) si 197, 194; C. ), 2 (Se. 21,21; 7
901; 210; C. 95, 87), & xB. (Sc. 21; V. 192;
C.8 of g (se 21; V.202; C. Dehbid, Persia. g. 2 (Se. 23; V. 211; Karman. W. apes: Esq. C. 82 [E.]. h. 8 (Se. 21; V. 209; C. Kohrud, N. of Isfa- W.'T. Blanford, Esq.
93). han. (E.]. i. J ie 21; V. 198; Ain Dara, W.slopeof M.C. Eylandt [C.]. C, Copet Dagh, Trans-
caspia. k. Her. Q (Se. 21; V. Nuhar, W. slope of M. ©. Eylandt [C.}. 206; C. 82). Copet Dagh, Trans- caspia.
l-m. 3 (Sc.21; V.190; Puli Hatun, Trans- M. C. Eylandt [C.]. C. 82) & yg. (Se. 21; caspia.
V. 206; C. 86).
n. Her. (Se. 23; V.218; Samarkand. St. Petersburg Mus. C. 97). [E. |. (As typical of
Z. fedtschenkot.) 0. oa (Sc. 21; V. 216; Zandra, Afghanistan. me A. Murray 89). [
p. & (Se. 21; V. 197; Tirphul. Dr. J J stchison [0 C. 85). Afghan Boundary Commission.
q. ot a 21; V. 211; Chin Kilak. Dr. J. Aitchison [C. ]}.
Afghan Boundary Commission.
r. Tier (Sc. 21; V.201; Old Gulran. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.).
C. 84). Afghan Boundary Commission,
ee ee eee ¥
54, ZAMENIS, 407
24. Zamenis nummifer.
, Deser. te, Rept., Suppl. pl. iv. fig. 6 (1809). ? Colu nn, Mus, Ad. Frid. ii. p. 45 (1764), and S. N. i.
Pp Oglabec bart Scores, Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 537. Coluber nummifer, Reuss, Mus. Senckend. i p- 135 (1834).
Zamenis hippocrepis, var. ?, Giinth. Cat. 14 (1858).
Periops neglectus, Jan, Elenco, p. 60 ‘Hiss, and Icon. Gén. 48,
pl. iv. fig. 3 (1876).
Zamenis caudolineatus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 489.
— neglectus, F. Miill. Verh. nat. Ges. Basel, vi. 18 8, p. 667.
eg var. nummifer, Boettg. Ber. Senck. Ges. 1879-80, SL Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633.
This form should perhaps be regarded as a variety of Z. raver- geri rather than as a distinct species. It differs in having the upper portion of the preocular smaller, the anterior pair of tempo- rals more enlarged, frequently a subocular separating the sixth labial from the eye, and the scales in 23 or 245 rows. Ventrals 197-216; anal entire or divided; subcaudals 79-101. Greyish or
e olive above, with a dorsal series of large brown or olive black- edged rhomboidal spots, and an alternating series of smaller ones on each side ; these spots confluent into three longitudinal streaks on the tail ; "head with symmetrical markings as in Z. ravergieri; lower parts yellowish, speckled with brown; a series of blackish spots along each side of the belly.
Total length 1030 millim.; tail 230.
Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Asia Minor. a. é Ss 23; V. 203; A. 2; Egypt. J. Burton, Esq. [P.). iF 25; V.210; A.2; Jerusalem. | Canon Tristram [C.}. "é
) & 9g. (Se 25; v. 198; d. 4 ie. 25; V. 205; A.2; Hiram’s Tomb. Canon Tristram [C.}.
C. 82).
e. 2 (Se. 25; V. 210; A. 2; Nazareth. Canon Tristram [C. ]. C, 82).
f-i. dg (Sc. 23, 25; V. 204, Cyprus. Lord Lilford [P.).
Cc A. . Say ae ks Cyprus. Dr. OC. E. Cullen 0. 9) & Q (Sc. 2% a8; (P.]. V. 215, 205; A. 2,1; 0.86 83). 3 vl V. 206; A.1; Cyprus, BJ Ramey ag
Cc ch 0. ag (Se. 23; V.199; A.2; Asia Minor. C. - Danford, Esq. hy * Ay hs p- ats (Se. 23; V. 215; A.2; Xanthus. Sir C, Fellows [P.). . 92).
408 COLUBRID.
rg. (Sc. 23; V. 203; A. 2; Xanthus, Haslar Collection. ©. 101). r. Yg. (Se. 28; V. 197; A.1; Rhodes. C. G. Danford, Esq. ©. 89). [P.}.
25, Zamenis socotra. Zamenis socotree, Giinth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 463, pl. xli.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring one fourth to one third its distance from the frontal; internasals as long as or shorter than the prefrontals; frontal much wider than the supra- ocular, once and a half as long as broad, longer than its distance from the end of the snout, a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal nearly twice as long as deep; two preoculars, separated from the frontal, with a subocular below them ; two postoculars, and a subocu- lar separating the eye from the sixth and seventh labials ; temporals 3+3 or 243; ten upper labials, fifth entering the eye ; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, but extremely narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales smooth, in 23rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 219-228 ; anal divided; subcaudals 107-119. Head olive above; body with olive, sometimes black-edged transverse bands, separated by narrower yellowish or reddish interspaces ; belly yellowish or pale olive.
Total length 860 millim. ; tail 225.
Socotra. a-c. g (V. 219; C. 119) & Q Socotra. Prof. I. B. Balfour [C.]. (V. 228, 222 ;’C, 117, 107). (Types.)
26. Zamenis algirus.
Zamenis florulentus (non Schleg.), Gervais, Mém. Ac. Sc. Montpellier, iii. 1857, p. 512, Ales 4.
, 8p., Strauch, p. 63 (1862).
Periops algira, Jan, 7 ae : GO (1863), and Icon. Gén, 48, pl. iv. fig. 2 (1876).
Zamenis (Periops) algirus, Boetty. in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. 459 1885).
—— algirus, Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc, xiii. 1891, p. 147 ; Konig, Sitzd. Niederrhein. Ges. Nat. 1892, p.; Anders. Proc, Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 19.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral slightly broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals shorter than the pre- frontals; frontal anteriorly considerably broader than the supra- ocular, about once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals ; loreal a little longer than deep; one preocular, in con- tact with the frontal, with a subocular below it; two postoculars and a subocular; temporals 2+3; nine upper labials, fifth or sixth usually entering the eye, but sometimes separated by an additional
«
54, ZAMENIs, 409
| subocular; four or five lower labials in contact with the anterior
chin-shields; posterior chin-shields as long as the anterior, narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales smooth, in 25 (rarely 23) rows. Ventrals obtusely angulate laterally, 214-232; anal divided or entire; subcaudals 87-104. Pale olive or greyish above, with three alternating series of blackish transverse bars, and a series of black spots along each side of the belly ; a more or less distinct blackish crescentic band on the nape, extending to the sides of the throat; a blackish spot below the eye ; lower parts white.
Total length 940 millim. ; tail 230.
Algeria aud Tunisia.
a. o (V. 215; A.2; C. 99). Tozeur, Tunisia, M. F. Lataste [P.}. b. Yg. (V. 214; A. 1; C. 92). Houmt-es-Souk, M. F. Lataste [P.}. Djerba, Tunisia. c-d. 3 v . 218; A.1;C.104) Duirat, Tunisia. Dr. J. Anderson [P.]. & 9 (V. 231; A. 2; C. 87). e. Yg. (V. 222; A.2; C.99). ——?
27. Zamenis hippocrepis.
Coluber hippocrepis, Linn. Mus. Ad. Frid, p. 36, pl. xvi. fig. 2 (1754), and 8. WV. i. p- 388 (1766); Daud. Re t. vi. Ls 249 (1803) ; Bonap. Icon. Faun. Ital. (1835); Schleg. Phys. Serp. ii. p. 164, pl. vi. figs. 15 & 16 (1837).
ae 5 oa ars 8. a i. p. 389; Daud. t.c. p. 242. atrix hippocrepis, r. Syn. Rept. p. 77 (1768).
—— bahiensis, Wagl. in Spix, Serp. Pres: p- 27, pl. x. fig. 1 (1824).
Periops hi is, Wagl. Icon. Amph. pl. xxxi. (1830) ; Guichen. Explor. Se. Alg., Rept. p. 19 (1850); Dum. & Bibr. ve 675 gee) ; De Betta, Faun. Ital., Rett, oe 40 (1874) ; retb.
erp. Bur. p. 200 (1875); Jan, Icon. Gén. 48, pl. iv. fig. 1 (1876) ; Camerano, Mon. Ofid. Ital., Colubr. p. 48 (sol), cy re hippocrepis, Eichw. N. Mém. Soc. Nat. Mose. ix. 1851,
shies hi pis, Giinth. Cat. p. 103 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Aly. ay (1862); Boettg. Abh. Senck, Ges, ix. 1874, p. 157, xii. 1881, p, 374, xiii. 1883, p. 100, and in Kobelt, Reis. Alg. Tunis, p. (1885) ; Bouleng. Tr. Zool. Soc. xiii. 1891, p. 147. Tyria hippocrepis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1862, p. 338.
Snout feebly projecting, obtuse. Rostral once and one third to once and a half as broad as deep, the portion visible from above measuring about one third its distance from the frontal ; internasals as long as or a little shorter than the prefrontals; frontal con- siderably broader than the supraocular, once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or a little longer than its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals, and in contact with the preocular ; loreal longer than deep ; one or two preoculars; two postoculars; a series of three or four sub- oculars usually completely separates the eye from the labials; temporals 2+% or 343; eight or nine (rarely ten) upper labials,
410 COLUBRID.
fifth or sixth very rarely entering the eye; four lower labials in
contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields longer than the anterior, narrow and separated from each other by two or three series of scales. Scales perfectly smooth, in 25 to 29 rows, usually 27. Ventrals very distinctly angulate laterally, 222-258 ; anal divided (rarely entire); subcaudals 77-107. Brown, reddish, or pale olive above, with a dorsal series of large dark brown, black- edged rhomboidal spots, on each side of which is a series of smaller, alternating spots ; these spots may be black and so large as to reduce the ground-colour toa mere chain orseries of X’s of pale colour ; a dark cross band between the eyes, and a A- or horseshoe-shaped band on the back of the head, which may be confluent with an elongate spot on the nape; the spots confluent into three longitudinal streaks on the tail; yellowish or red inferiorly, with or without black dots, but constantly with a lateral series of black spots.
Total length 1340 millim. ; tail 270.
Spain and Portugal, Sardinia, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia.
a. 3 (Sc. 27; V.222; A.2; Gibraltar. College of Surgeons. C. ?). b. 2 (See 27; V. 232; A. 2; Spain. Lord Lilford [P.}. C. 107). c. fg (Se. 27; V. 228;A.2; Portugul. Dr. A. Farre [P.}. 100). d-e. S (Be. 27; V.235; A.2; Cagliari,Sar- Count M. G, Peracea C. 87) & yg. (Se. 25; v. 229 ; inia, [Pak A. 2; C. 90 f, g , (Be. 27; Vv. 228; A. 2; Mogador. Zoological Society. C. ?). g. é (Se. 27; V. 220; A. 1; Tangier. Mr. Fraser [C.]. . 92). h-k. Hgr. 2 (Se. 27; V. 2382; Tangier. Mr. H. Vaucher [C.}.
A. 2; C. 90) & yg. (Se. o7, a7; V, 231, 225% eA 8 8°
Cc. 93, 80). l. Ate: (Se. 27; V.249; A.2; Hamman Dr. J. Anderson [P.]}. 89). Meskoutine, Algeria. une (Se. 27; V. 225; A.2; Algiers. Dr. J. Anderson [P.}, 88). n. Py a 27; V. 287; A.2; Tunis. Mr. Fraser [C.}. C. 90) ‘ o. Hgr., skel. Mogador. C. Pj Payton, Esq. p. Skull. Algeria. ‘-
28. Zamenis dorri. Periops dorri, Lataste, Le Natur. 1888, p. 227.
Head very distinct from neck, with broadly rounded snout. Rostral broad, just visible from above; internasals slightly shorter than the prefrontals; frontal a little longer than broad, shorter than the parietals; loreal longer than deep; one preocular, in
*«
54, ZAMENIS. 411
contact with the frontal; two postoculars, with a subocular below ; three anterior temporals; ten upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales ‘perfectly smooth, in 31 rows. Ventrals distinctly angulate laterally, 245-254 ; anal divided ; subcaudals 84. Above greyish or reddish, with a dorsal series of X-shaped dark spots, and, on each side, a series of light round spots; flanks with small brown spots ; head with symmetrical dark markings.
Total length 735 millim. ; tail about one fifth of the total.
Bakel, Upper Senegal.
29. Zamenis diadema.
Russell, Ind. Serp. ii. pl. xxx. (1801); Geoffr. Descr. Egypte, Rept. Ls viii. fig. 1 (1809).
Coluber leche ( Opp.), Wagl. Syst. Amph, p. 189 (1830).
—— diadema, Schleg. pigs. Serp. f p. 148 (1837).
—— cliffordii, Schle p. 163, pl. vi. figs. 18 ® 14.
eins a ase), 5, bag § Bibr. vii. p. 678 (1854) ; Jan, Icon. Gén.
ii.
pee eli ordii, Giinth. Cat. p. 104 (1858) ; Strauch, Erp. Alg.
p. 61 (1862), and Schlang. pi R. p. 105 (1873); Blanf. Proe. Zool. Soe. 1881, p. 679.
—— diadema, Giinth. Rept. Brit. oe ee 1. xxi. fig. G (1864) ; Anders, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1871, ; Stoliczka, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 82 ; Blanf. Zool. U3 Per Pers. p. 412 (1876), and Journ, As. Soe. Beng. xlviii. i679, p. 125; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 377 (1884); Fischer, Jahresb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. ii, 1885, p. 102; Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, aig 925; Bouleng. Faun. Ind. , Rept. p. 328 (1890), and Tr. Zool xiii. 1891, p. 148.
Periops —” var. schirazana, Jan, in pb Filippi, Viagg. Pers.
356 (1865)
Tananie (Periops) versicolor, Boetty. in Kobelt, Reisen Alg. Tunis,
p. 458 (1885).
Rostral as deep as broad of a little broader than deep, visible from above; prefrontals usually broken up into several shields, there being frequently three transverse series of shields between the rostral and the frontal; frontal once and one fourth to once and a half as long as broad, as long as or slightly shorter than its distance from the end of the snout, and usually shorter than the parietals ; loreals three to five; two to four (rarely one) prwoculars, the upper usually in contact with the frontal; three or four postoculars ; a series of suboculars separate the labials from the eye; temporals small and numerous, scale-like ; ten to thirteen upper labials ; five
. lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are nearly as longas the posterior. Scales usuall#*more or less obtusely keeled, in 25 to 33 rows. Ventrals usually obtusely angulate laterally, 210-278 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 65-110. Pale buff or sandy grey above, with more or less marked dark spots, of which the median usually form a series of rhombs ; lower parts white, rarely with small blackish spots. A variety (atriceps, Fischer) occurs in Northern India, which is release. for having the head entirely
412
COLUBRID,
or partially blask above, and the body irregularly spotted ih blotched with black (specs. a, y, 3, e).
Total length 1800 millim. ;
tail 340.
North Africa, Southern Asia from Arabia to Turkestan, Cash- mere and North-western India.
a-b. g (Sc. 29, 20; V. 222, 225; C. 68, 75)
c. Hgr. (Se. 31; V. 248; C.?).
d. g (Sc. 25; V. 219; C. 74). e. Hgr. (Sc. 27 ; V. 245; C. 70). Ff. 2 (Se. 29; V. 238; C. 75).
g-h. Yg. (Sc. 29, 29; V. 240, 216; C. 80, 75).
i~m. & (Se. 7, 29; V. 227, 221; C. 75, 71), g (Se. 29; V. 994 ; 0. 75), & yg. (Se. 29 ; v. 244; C. 70).
n-v. 3 (Se. 29; V. 222; ©. 77) & 2 (Se. 29: V. 234’; C. ?).
p-g. & (Sc. 29; V. 221; C.77) & yg. (Sc. 31; V. 225; C. ?).
Yg. (Sc. 27; V. 288; C.78).
s-t, wu. 3S (Se. 27; V. 211; e 80), 2 Ales 273° V. 226; C. 73), & hgr. (Se. 25:
V. 212; C. 79). v. 2 (Se. 29 ; V. 230; C. 80). w. 2 (Se. 31; V. 248; C. 86). ry @ (Se. 27 V. 241 ; C. 85)
w. (Se. 25 ; V. 234: 0.84,
Ze Ye (Se. 27 ; V. 227 ; C. 88). a. Hgr. (Se. 27 ; V. 239; C. 87), B. Yg. (Se. 27 ; V.218; C. 90).
y. Yg. (Se. 27; V. 227; C. 82).
é. Hgr. (Sc. 29; V. 239 ; C. 90).
e. g (Se. 29; V. 220; C, 82).
N.W. Africa.
Between _Biskra and = Tuggurt, Algeria.
Duirat, Tunisia.
Tripoli. Egypt. Egypt.
Pyramids of Gizeh, Egypt.
Beni Hassan, Upper Egypt.
Tel-el-Amarna, Upper Egypt.
Sandy Coast, Midian, Arabia. Muscat.
Persia.
Dehbeed, Persia.
Karman, 8.E. Per- sia.
Saman, Dasht, Baluchistan. Gwadar, Baluch-
istan. Between Quetta and Nushki,
Between Nushki
and the Helmund.
Tirphul.
Panch Pai.
Zoological Society.
Dr. J. Anderson [P.1.
Dr. J. Anderson [P.].
J. pe Esq. Sir ri Wilkinson
Esq.
Dr. j Anderson [P.].
J. Histon, P
Dr. J. Anderson pepe: Pe en, i{ PoE
Dr. J. Anderson and Prof, W. M. Flinders Petrie [P.].
wep Burton
A. 8 Ky Jayakar, Esq. [P.].
W. T. Bilanford,
Esq. (ey. batt 16; ford, W. 4” Blanford, (Py Dr. J. Aitchison fO-} Afghan oundary Com Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]. Afghan Bound m. Dr. J. Aitchison _ Bou Afghan undary Com. J. Aitchison
“feed som
i —— Tee |) oe.
_ ol ~~. i
54. ZAMENIS. 413 z of tb) (Se. 27; V. 247; Afghanistan. Dr. Griffith, n. 2 (Sc. 20; V.278; ©. 107). Gilgit. Oak, pia 6. 29; V. 240; Kurrachee. Messrs. v. Schagin 0. fea) tweit vod tx. an aaa 29, 31; V. 244, Kotree, Sind. Dr. Leith [P.]. 1A J (Se. 29 oe 239 ; C.110). Ajmere. Wek oe a . Yg. (Se. 31; V. a C.?). Punjab. 4 Ind a » 9 Se. 29; v. 247; C.107). Punjab. B, Farr, Esq. . 2 (Se. 27; V. aaa C. 102) <A rc. © 8 (Se Se. 29; V. 244; C. 103). fered. we zs Ba t
30. Zamenis arenarius*. (Prare XXVIII. fig. 2.) Zamenis arenarius, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 329 (1890).
Very closely allied to Z. diadema, but distinguished by the much larger rostral, which is considerably deeper than broad and wedged in far between the internasals; the portion of the rostral visible from above measures one half to two thirds its distance from the frontal. Three or four prefrontals in a transverse row; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, shorter than the parietals; three or four loreals; two preoculars, three post- oculars, and three suboculars separating the eye from the labials ; temporals small, scale-like ; ten upper labials ; five lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which are as long as the posterior. Scales obtusely keeled anteriorly, very distinctly teriorly, in 25 or 27 rows. Ventrals not angulate laterally, 227 ; anal entire ; subcaudals 80. Cream-colour or pale buff, with darker spots disposed quineuncially, and a longitudinal streak on each side of the nape ; lower parts uniform white.
Total length (of the specimen in the Calcutta ae 930 millim. ; tail 175.
Northern India (Sind and Rajpootana),
a, Head and anterior part Kurrachee. J. A. Murray, Esq. of body P.}. (Types.) 6. Head and anterior part Sind. F, Day, Esq. [P.}. of body. 31. Zamenis microlepis. his microlepis, Jan, in De Fili pe Viagg. Pers. p. 356
(1865) ; yee . B. Pers. p. 411 (18 Loxodon microl epis, Jan, Icon. “Sen, 20 20, pl. iii. (1867),
Zamenis microlepis, Bouleng. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 633.
* Since the description of this species, I have examined a perfect specimen from Tappotann reserved in the Calcutta Museum and kindly sub- witted to me by W. L. Sclater.
414 COLUBRID.
Snout obtuse, feebly projecting. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above; upper surface of snout with numerous small shields ; frontal broken up into three shields ; loreal and temporal regions covered with numerous small scales; upper labials 14 or 15, separated from the eye by a series of suboculars; six lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields; posterior chin-shields narrow and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 41 or 43 rows. Ventrals 263; anal entire; sub- caudals 100. Pale buff above, with blackish spots which are rect- angular and transverse on the anterior part of the body; a blackish streak along each side of the neck and another from the nostril to the angle of the mouth, passing through the eye; yellowish white inferiorly. ;
Total length 1230 millim. ; tail 240.
Persia (Laristan and Shiraz).
55. LYTORHYNCHUS.
Heterodon, part., Dum. § Bibr. Erp. Gén. vii. g 764 (1854),
Simotes, part., Giinth. Cat. Col. Sn. p. 23 (1858) .
Lytorhynchus, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 272; Bouleng. Ann. & Mag. N. H. (5) xx. 1887, p. 414, and Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 322 (1890).
Chatachlein, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 228.
Acontiophis, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soe, 1875, p. 252.
Catachlena, Blanf, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1881, p. 678.
Phyllorhynchus, Stejneger, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus, xiii. 1890, p. 151; Cope, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 617.
Maxillary teeth 6 to 9, posterior much longer than anterior ; mandibular teeth subequal. Head slightly distinct from neck, with cuneiform projecting snout ; eye moderate, pupil vertically elliptic ; rostral large, four-sided, projecting, concave inferiorly ; nostril an oblique slit between twonasals. Body elongate, cylindrical; scales smooth or feebly keeled, without apical pits, in 19 rows; ventrals obtusely angulate laterally. Tail moderate or short ; subcaudals in two rows.
North Africa and Asia, from the Algerian Sahara to Syria, Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and Sind ; Arizona and Lower California,
Synopsis of the Species.
I. Internasals forming a suture behind the rostral; two pairs of chin-shields, End of snout truncate; a pair of pre-
frontals ; two labials entering the eye .. 1. diadema, p. 415, Snout pointed; a single prefrontal; no
labial entering the eye ..........+... 2. ridgewayi, p. 415,
Snout pointed; a pair of prefrontals ; one labial entering the eye .............. 3. paradoxus, p. 416.
a ee? eo = — oT
55. LYTORHYNCHUS, 415
IL. Rostral shield separating the internasals; one pair of chin- shields ; no lubial entering the eye.
NS DS rere tie Cee 4, decurtatus, p. 417.
1. Lytorhynchus diadema.
Heterodon diadema, Dum. § Bibr. vii. p. 779 (1854) ; Gervais, Mém. Ac, Montpellier, iii. 1857, p. 511, pl v. fig. 1.
. Simotes diadema, Giinth. Cat. p. 26 (1858); Strauch, Erp. Aly. p- 53 (1862); Boettg. Ber. Senck, Ges, 1878-9, p. 6).
Lytorhynchus diadema, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1862, p. 272, pl. —. fig. 1; Be . Tr. Zool. Soe. xiii, 1891, p. 145.
Chatachlein diadema, Jan, Arch. Zool. Anat. Phys. ii. 1863, p. 228, and Icon. Gén. 10, pi. vi. fg. 2 (1865).
Catachlena diadema, Blanf. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 678, fig.
Snout moderately long; rostral angularly bent, with straight horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the portion visible from above as long as its distance from the frontal; no lateral cleft in the rostral; suture between the internasals much shorter than that between the prefrontals ; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals; a small, squarish loreal ; one or two preoculars, with or without a subocular below; two postoculars; temporals 1+2 or 2+3; seven or eight upper labials, fourth, fifth, or fourth and fifth, entering the eye; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields as long as or a little longer than the anterior, and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 160-188; anal divided; subcaudals 36-46, Pale buff or cream colour above, with a series of large transversely rhomboidal dark spots; a dark median band along the head and nape, sometimes confluent with an interocular transverse band; an oblique dark band from the eye to the angle of the mouth; lower
uniform white.
Total length 450 millim. ; tail 60.
Algerian and Tunisian Sahara, Egypt, Nubia, Arabia, Syria, Persia.
a. ¢ (V. 162; C. 44). = Algeria. b. & (V. 165; C, 40), Pyramids of Gizeh. Dr. J. Anderson [P.). e. Yg.(V. 164; C.42). Abou-Roash, W.of Dr, J. Anderson Py
d. 2 (V. 182; C. 43). Muscat, Arabia. a SO aaaehas, Esq. e. 2 (V.188; C.36). Bushi, S, Persia. Fe
2. Lytorhynchus ridgewayi. Lytorhynchus ridgewayi, Bouleng. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xx. 1887 pala. Boettg. Zool. Jahrb. iii. 1888, p. 924 ; Boule. Tr. Line. . (2) v. 1889, p. 102, pl. xi. fig. 1.
4S ’ Hy. y= yy
416 COLUBRID.
Snout moderately long, pointed ; rostral with a trace of a short lateral cleft ; internasals forming a short median suture; a single prefrontal, twice and a half as broad as long; frontal nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, slightly shorter than the parietals ; frontal anteriorly nearly twice the} greatest width of the supraoculars ; two loreals, anterior largest ; three preoculars, upper largest and in contact with the frontal; a subocular; two or postoculars ; temporals 2+3 (or 14+3); seven upper labials, none in contact with the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields ; posterior chin-shields smaller than the anterior and separated from each other by two series of scales. Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 174-180; anal divided or entire; subcaudals 44-46. Upper parts pale buff, with brown, black-edged symmetrical markings ; an anchor-shaped marking on the head, the crescentic portion extending from one angle of the mouth to the other, passing through the eyes and crossing the frontal and pre- frontal ; the longitudinal branch expands in a large spot on the middle of the parietals and bifurcates on the nape; large transverse spots disposed at regular intervals on the body and tail, and alter- nating with smaller ones on the flanks; lower parts uniform white.
Total length 425 millim. ; tail 70.
Afghanistan and Transcaspia.
a-b. g (V.174,174; Chinkilok, Afghanistan. Dr. J. Aitchison [C.]. C. 46, ?). Afghan Boun Comm. (Types). 3. Lytorhynchus paradoxus. Acontiophis paradoxa, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 232, fig. ; Murray, Ann. § Mag. N. H. (5) xiv. 1884, p. 110.
Lytorhynchus paradoxus, Bouleng. Faun. Ind., Rept. p. 323, fig. (1890).
Snout long and acutely pointed; rostral with a lateral cleft; suture between the internasals shorter than that between the pre- frontals and shorter than the upper part of the rostral; frontal as broad as long, nearly as long as its distance from the end of the snout, as long as the parietals ; supraocular narrow; a small loreal ; three preoculars; two postoculars ; temporals 2+2 or 2+3; eight upper labials, fifth entering the eye; four lower labials in contact with the anterior chin-shields, which-are shorter but much broader than the posterior. Scales smooth, in 19 rows, Ventrals 169- 175; anal divided; subcaudals 40-53. Cream-colour above, with a dorsal series of transverse brown spots and a less distinct lateral series of smaller spots on each side; a large rhomboidal brown spot on the back of the head, and a brown streak behind the eye; lower parts white.
Total length 370 millim. ; tail 60.
Sind.
a. ¢ (V. 169; C. 40). N. India. 7. ve Jerdon, Esq. [P.}. (Type.) b. 29 (V.175; C.53). Zangipur, Sind. J.A. Iricion Esq. [P.].
«
55. LYTORHYNCHUS. 417
4. Lytorhynchus decurtatus.
Phimothyra decurtata, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868, p. 310.
Salvadora decurtata, Garm. N. Am. Rept. p. 39 ass),
i gag decurtatus, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. 890, p. 154.
Head short and somewhat arched; rostral angularly bent, with straight horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the upper portion triangular and completely separating the internasals; frontal longer than broad; two or three superposed loreals ; tliree pre- and three postoculars; eye separated from the labials by suboculars; two anterior temporals ; six upper labials; a single pair of chin-shields, Scales smooth, in 19 rows. Ventrals 172-177; anal entire; sub- caudals 26-27. Light grey above; a dorsal series of about thirty parallelogrammic brown blotches; a lateral series of small spots ; labials and lower parts uniform white,
Total length 350 millim.; tail 29.
Lower California.
5. Lytorhynchus brownii.
Phyllorhynchus browni, Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nate Mus. xiii. 1890, p. 152, fig.
Snout moderately long; rostral angularly bent, with straight horizontal edge, detached on the sides, the upper portion triangular and completely separating the internasals ; frontal a little longer than broad, as long as the parietals ; three superposed loreals ; three pre-and four postoculars; eye separated from the labials by sub- oculars; temporals small, scale-like; six upper labials; a single pair of chin-shields. Scales in 19 rows, on the anterior third of the body nearly smooth, but becoming gradually more distinctly keeled posteriorly. Ventrals 159; anal entire; subcaudals 31. Whitish above, with about fifteen saddle-shaped brownish blotches on back and tail; no lateral spots; a dark transverse line on the head, passing through the eyes and across the interorbital region ; lower surface uniform white.
_ Total length 325 millim. ; tail 42.
Arizona,
VoL, 1. 24
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.
Page 19. Typhlops jerdoni.
For “ preocular in contact with the second and third labials,” read “ preocular in contact with the third labial.”
haay Page 22. Typhlops vermicularis.
x. Ad. Serahs, Transcaspia. J. Barey, Esq. [P.]. This specimen measures 310 millim.
Ada Page 78. Liasis childreni.
l-m. 2 (Se. 43; V. 250; Bandin Is,N.W. J. J. Walker, Esq. C. 46) & yg. ’ (Se. 43 ; Australia. (eeh V. 243; C. 44).
Vaan Page 88. Python molurus.
; (Se. 67; V. 255; Hoi-How, Hainan. J. Neumann, Esq. f é et) ; re acne
Page 201, Tropidonotus leptocephalus.
I am much inclined to refer the Snake recently described as Eutenia brachystoma, Cope, Am. Nat. 1892, p. 964, fig., to this species ; and would have done so without further hesitation were the type specimen not stated to be from Pennsylvania. Perhaps the locality is wrong, or the specimen may have been introduced by man. Eight is the usual number of sublabials in 7’. lepto- cephalus.
Page 214, Add a species :—
7a. Tropidonotus preocularis. | Eutenia preocularis, Bocourt, Le Natur. 1892, p. 278.
Habit rather stout. Head rather depressed. Rostral broader than deep ; internasals as long as the prefrontals; frontal a little shorter than the parietals ; loreal trapezoid ; three pre- and three postoculars ; a single anterior temporal ; eight upper labials, fourth and fifth entering the eye. Scales in 19 rows, keeled. Ventrals ; 140; anal entire ; subcaudals 68-74. Brown above, with a yellow vertebral stripe ; sides of neck with five or six vertical black bars, oo followed on the body by three series of small spots; pra- and post-
er
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 419
oculars - yellow ; upper lip yellow, with black bars; lower parts yellowish, with a black dot at the outer end of each ventral.
Total length 342 millim.; tail 82.
Belize, Honduras.
A a a2 Page 220. Tropidonotus natrix. V. 174; C.?) Kamenetz, Podolia. St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. ee 0. 78; Colonia Franzfeld, St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. 3. Yg. Wy. 64; 0. 63). Sukum n Kaley Cau- St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. «. Yg. (V.174; C. 72). Elizabethpol,Trans- St. Petersburg Mus. [E.]. caucasia. ‘<a Page 221. C. (C. persa,)
m. 9 (V.181;C.?). Areshski, Goy. Eliza- St. Petersburg Mus.[E.}. bethpol, Transcaucasia.
hay Page 239. Tropidonotus septemvittatus. kh. 2 (V. 147; C. ?) Clear Creek, Monroe Co., Prof. Eigenmann
Indiana. [C.]. i. Yg.(V. 147; C.81). Richmond, Indiana. CL eee Ada. _P98¢ 286. Ischnognathus kirtlandii. e. 2 (V. 183; CO. 50). Indiana. Prof, Eigenmann [C.].
Page 301. Add a new genus :—
25a. TRIRHINOPHOLIS.
Maxillary moderately elongate, with 20 small, equal teeth; mandibular teeth equal. Head not distinct from neck; eye moderate, with round pupil; nostril pierced between two nasals and the first labial. Body short, cylindrical; scales smooth, without pits, disposed obliquely, in 15 rows; ventrals rounded. Tail short; subcaudals in two rows. Hypapophyses developed throughout the vertebral column.
Mountains of Burma.
Allied to Plagiopholis, from which it is distinguished by the
. ne a maxillary, the presence of a loreal, and the position of the
1. Trirhinopholis nuchalis. (Prare XXVIIL. fig. 1.)
Snout short. Rostral nearly twice as broad as deep, just visible from above ; internasals much broader than long, much shorter than 282
noe e the Firckwntals; frontal hexagonal, once and two thirds as long 2 pie ts much longer than its saat from the end of the snow as
paboerdios loreal eps ter deep as long; one pre- a ‘ rs; temporals 142; six upper labials, third otk entering the eye, fifth very large; anterior chi a little longer than the posterior, in contact with the s nysial and three lower labials. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 129; sal entire; subcaudals 24. Dark purplish brown above, some of t scales ‘edged with black; a black arrow-headed marking on the nape, the apex on the parietals ; labials yellowish, with black — sutures; belly yellowish, with large black spots. ~ Total length 340 millim. ; tail 40. Mountains of Burma. _
a. Q (V. 122; C. 24). Toungyi, 8. Shan States. vo
a
Acrantophis, 116, 414. Aeris 1 169, 172.
Acrochordiens, 172. Acrochordina, 169, 172. Acrochording, 172. Acrochordus, 173. acuticauda
Aclelopsis BSS. — (Tretanorhinus),
afline sera (Lyeoden) 36 affinis \Glomoaiay 62.
albirostris (Helmintho- artis (Liotyphlops), albirostris | (Rhinoty-
Ps), anterecken (Ablabes), 299. yr (Ly on),
albofuseus (Ophites), albofuscus (Sphecodes),
7
albomaculata (Lycophi- dium), 341.
albomaculatus (Lepto- phis), 258.
go (Brachyorrhus),
albue (Coluber) 208 a 0 tg Zan, 48 enii (Helicops
allenii i edytee es O15. Alopecion, 307 i, aluensis (fyphlops), 27
amethystina (Boa), 83. 7-9 eager (Liasis), 83,
amethystinus (Python), 83.
Amphiardis, 290. pene 169. Amphiesma, 193, 265. anacondo or 115. anamallensis (Lycodon),
anchictay (Onychocepha- mutton (Python), $8
ch lops), 40. pear wate a Mt
52. mtn (Calamohy-
whe ‘(Opisthotro- pis), 284
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
halus), Anguiformes, 3, 181.
anguif ), 127. sng oa
anguiformis 127. mages rack er
— (Coluber),
— (Helicops), —
— (Uranops), angulifer Spay se Pe
al), 9, tus), men), 2, 270, Cy Sane
icops (Typhlops), angustirostris i gem Anilios, 7. Anilius, 183, 134. annularis = (‘Tropidono- tus), 224, 233. annulata (Anguis), 133. annulata (Sil bura), 158. annulatum >, 102, — (Chersydrus), 4.
(Corallus),
annulatus (Polyodonto- phis), 189.
422
ae ta (Alopecion), onnulifor (Be a), 94. anomala (Storeria), 287. Anomalepis, 58, Anomalochilus, 134. Anomalodon, 268. —— (Onychocepha- lus), 47. anomalus (‘Typhlops), 47. anoscopus (Natrix), 242. anoscopus (Tropidono- tus), 242. anostomosatus (Coluber), 230.
anthicum (Bascanium), 395. Antiochalina, 169.
. Aprotérodontes, 93.
Aprotérodontiens, 71, 131.
aquatica (Boa), 115.
arabicus (Coluber), 219.
(Xipho-
arcticeps (Silybura), 156, 157.
arenarius (Onychocepha- lus), 49.
_ arenarius (Typhlops), 49. _arenarius (Zamenis), 413.
- argus (Coluber), 82.
argus (Morelia), 82.
_ Argyrophis, 7.
aruensis (Lycodon ihe asiana (Zamenis), Asinea, 71, 169.
asper (Enygrus), 109. asper (Erebophis), 109.
~ aspera. (Natrix), 278.
asperrimus (Tropidono- tus), 232.
Aspidiotes, 91.
Aspidites, 91,
Aspidoboa, 81.
. Aspidopython, 81.
-
Aspidorhynchus, 7. Aspidura, 309, 310. assimilis (Helicops), 277. astreptophorus (‘Tropi- donotus), 220.
ater a 53. ater (Bothrolycus), 326. pine (Reena 215,
ater Sa mr Ni , Atomare 93. atra (Anguis), 133. atra (Opisthotropis),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Atractocephalus, 305. atrata (Eutainia), 201. atrata (Ninia), 293. atratus (Coluber), 293. atratus (Neusterophis),
227. (st aes atratus reptophorus), 293. Atretium, 272.
atropurpureum (Tetra- gonosoma), 356,
ae yee (Lycodon),
856.
atrovirens (Ooluber), 395.
atrovirens (Tyria), 395.
atrovirens (Zamenis), 395.
audax (Hormonotus), 343.
aulicus (Coluber), 352. aulicus (Lycodon), 349, 352.
aurantiaca (Boa), 102.
aurata (Eutenia), 208,
aureus (Plectrurus), 162.
auriculatus (‘Tropidono- tus), 261.
aurigulum (Bascanium), 391.
aurigulus. (Drymobius),
(Coluber),
ode
aurolineatus
aurora (Cerastes), 321. aurora (Coluber), 321. aurora (Coronella), 321. aurora (Duberria), 321. a (Lamprophis),
“UT.
australis (Anilios), 35
australis (Boa), 105.
australis (Enygrus), 105.
australis (‘Tropidonotus), 215.
australis (Typhlops), 35
— (Pataca,
(Constrictor),
‘Asdestophidee, 71, 181.
azureus (Chondro-
python), 90
bahiensis (Natrix), 409. bairdi (Salvadora), 393.
bairdii (Phimothyra), 393. sr ety (Helicops),
276. barbarus (Coluber), 407.
barmanus hlops), 22. baroni (Bromous 2 bir. baronis-miilleri (Tro donotus), 226.
77 dale re
Bascanion, 379.
baslansoaiis phlops)
batesii ee el mie
a anensis (Co uber),
(Lielaphis),
batjanensis (Stegonotus), 368.
beddomii (Silybura), 153, 154,
(Ty-
‘ anensis 8.
bars c= ae
bedldomit (Typhi
bellii (Python
bellulus on 224.
bengalensis (Coluber), 230.
bengalensis (Eryx), 124. bengeaae (Falconeria), 1
hone (Dromicodryas), 189. beer 1. (Herpetonayaas
bill (‘Typhlops), ob; a (Enygrus uy, 105
bivernl Onychocepha- : hy ychocep:
bibronii (Typhlops), 44.
bicarinatus (Heterolepis), 346.
a Fs (Notophis),
bicatenata (Silybura), Pr (Silybura)
bicinctum (Bascanium), 390
bicolor (Ablabes), 301. bicolor (Argyrophis), 24. bicolor (Calamaria 301. bicolor (Glauconia Be, bicolor (Grotea), bicolor (Helicops), or ae (Limnophis),
bicolor (Loxocemus), 74. bicolor _(Onychocepha-
lus), 48. (Pseudocyclo-
bicolor phis), 301.
253. icophis),
di Coluber), 219. ape : iaceicn), Bo
Men) 300. (Lycophi- bi (Coluber),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
3. bth hinophio 14,
Panag 93, 99, 104, 110, 115, 116, 121.
boa (Nardoa 76. boa (Tortrix), 76.
bocourti (Zamenis), 394. Boédoniens, 177. yi (Piesigaster),
moors (Typhlops), Bold, 71, 131
bora (Python), 87.
bothriorhynchus (Ty- phlops), 23.
Bo ytes, 193.
~ gor. yeus, 325,
hthalmus, 324.
tro ses (Ubarine), 130.
botts (Pseudoeryx), 130.
botte (Tortrix), 130.
brachycephalus (Cho- ris » 401.
si a (Charina),
brachyorrhos (Calama- ria), 305,
se pee (Scytale),
Brachyorrhus, 305.
brachyorrhus (Aspidura), 311, 313.
art iia (Buteenia),
brachyurum (Amphies- ma), 267.
brachyurus (Coluber),
braconnieri (Achalinus), 309,
braconnieri (Enicogna- thus), 187.
braconnieri (Ophielaps),
bramicus (Argyrophis), 16.
braminus (Coluber), 230,
braminus(E ), 16.
bar ey “Cs chlope),
b P , rites 7
reek (tse ide 245. 4
browni (Phyllorbynchus),
3 (Lytorhynchus), brunnea (Eutenia), 202, brunneus (Both
ophis), brussauxi (Gonionotus),
323.
bie 11 Dieses (Ungalia), 12.
buchholzi (Onychoce-
phalus), 41. — (Typhlops),
Bungaroidea, 169.
butleri (Eutenia), 212.
Be (Tropidonotus), 12.
Cadmus, 373. cxca eT ypblere)s
cacatus (' ne iis exited
cahirinus (Coluber), 402. eairi (Glauconia), 65. cairi (Stenostoma), 65, Calabaria, 92.
ST 290, 305, 306, Calamaride, 177. Calamariens, 177. Calamari na, 169. Calamarinag, 177. Calamohydrus, 283, Calamophis, 305, — (Tropidonotus),
cana Coronella), 373. cana Duberrin), 373. cana (Pseudaspis), 373,
424
cana (Un lia), 114. canarica bura), 160. oan 5 Leora
carious me et
ceteiass (Dinodon), 361.
canina (Boa), 102.
caninum ae 102. 1
caninus (Boas),
caninus Dontian, "102.
eaninus Draco), 102.
canus (Coluber), See
capense (Bosdon), 33:
capense Ceycophidium), 338, 339.
capensis (Heterolepis), 345. —— (Lycodon),
ca: pens (Sereneaane: us) » 6.
capensis | Clehoaspaiids 345,
capucinus (Lycodon), 352.
carbonaria (Zamenis), 395.
carbonarius (Coluber), 395.
carinata (Aspidura), 310.
carinata (Boa), 107.
carinata (Candoia), 107.
carinata (Hurria), 358.
carinatus (Cercaspis), 359.
carinatus (Coryphodon), 216, 375, 376, 377.
carinatus (Enygrus), 1
carinatus (Eumesodon), carinatus (Lycodon), 358,
carinatus (Zaocys), 377. ep (Helicops), 6
carinicaudus (Coluber), 6
carinicaudus (Helicops), 276, 277.
carinicaudus (Homal- opsis), 276
Casarea, 121.
caspia So ee 233.
caspicus (Zamenis), 395.
nd luber), 395.
caspius (Zamenis), 395,
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
castanea (Boa), 87. Catachlena, 414. —- (Zamenis),
catenatus (Lycodon), 185.
Cathetorhinus, 7. Catodon, 59. Catodoniens, 57. Catodonta, 57.
ig pp (Periops),
caudeelineatus (Zamenis), 405, 407.
cauda-schistosus (Colu- ber), 242.
celeno (Tropidonotus), 237.
celebicus (Styporhyn- chus), 216. celebicus (Tropidonotus), 216. cenchria (Boa), 94 ers (Epicrates), 4
cenchris (Boa), 94. cenchris (Epicrates),
Cephalolepis, 57.
eek ae (Psammo- phis), 191.
cerasogaster (Tropido- notus), 191.
cerasogaster (Xenochro- phis), 191.
cerastes (Anguis), 125.
cerastes (Eryx), 125
Cercaspis, 348.
cetti (Natrix), 219.
ceylanicus (Coloburus),
ceylanicus (Pseudo-Ty- phlops), 158.
ceylonensis (Aspidura), 310.
gigi no (Haplocer- cus), 309,
ceylonensis (Odontomus), 370.
ni Feuer He Pettis ck notus), 25
ceylonica Giloboura), 158.
ceylonica (Silybura), 155,
ceylonicus ; (Coloburus), ceylonicus (Plectrurus),
ceylonidus (Siluboura), 154,
«
ceylonicus
i chalceus
don), 192. Charina, 130. Charinide, 71. Charinina, 93. Chatachlein, 414. pr BE (Natrix),
Chersodromus, 295. chersoides on ne notus), 236. Chersydrus, 173. chesnei (Coluber), 399,
- Chilabothrus, 93.
childreni (Liasis), 77, 418. Chilolepis, 379. Chilopoma, 193, a (Tropidonotus),
Chondropython, 90. Chondropythonina, 74. Chondropythoning, 74. chrysargoides (Amphies- ma), chrysargoides (Tropido- Rewties. abe ie chrysargum es- ma), 258, 260. i chrysargus (Tropidono- tus), 252, 258. Chrysenis, 99. ee (Eutenia),
chrysocephalus (Tropi-
—— 203.
chrysogaster (Homalo- chilus), 98," .
chyyacuielan (Tachy-
nectes), 280. cinerea Cit hie, > SI. cinereus ops), citrinus (Thrasops), 317. clarkii (Natrix), 238, clarkii (Regina), 238. ber? (‘Tropidonotus),
- cliffordii (Coluber), 411.
cliffordii (Zamenis), 411. Cliftia, 94.
Clonophis, 285. Clothonia, 122.
— (Tropidonotus),
collaris (Ablabes), 184. collaris (Eutsenia), 209. kerr (Polyodontophis),
ogee (Peammophis),
207,245. : — r (Tropidonotus),
uncta (Glauconia), uneta (Ungalia), 113. Ke unctum(Stenostoma), conjunctus (Brachyor-
), 306. ee),
Constrictor, 80, 116. constrictor (Bascanion),
constrictor 4 118, 119. (Boa), 117,
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
constrictor (Coluber),387, 389
constricto hodon), os r(Coryphodon),
constrictor(Zamenis),387. Constrictores, 71. constrictrix (Boa), 117. continentalis (Ungalio- phis), 114, cookii (Corallus), 99. cooperi (Eutainia), 201. sr Ve (Tropidonotus),
copei (Adelophis), 289. copei (Storeria), 289. copii (Aspidura), 311. — (Ischnognathus),
Cora, 285.
corais (Spilotes), 389.
coralinus (Tortrix), 133.
corallina (Anguis), 133, 135,
Corallus, 99. cornwallisius (Liasis), 78. Coronella, 318, 320, 373. Coronelle, 177. Coronellidx, 177. Coronellinz, 177. Coryphodon, 374, 379. Coryphodontiens, 177. couchii (Eutainia), 210. couchii (Nerodia), 243. cg (Tropidonotus),
crassum(' idion), 28.
Crealia, 144. es
erebripunctatus(Tropido- notus), 262
tus (Typhlops), ercpocates: COVEnEe*)
crossii ops), 52. cubs: (Typhlops), 31. — Tropidonotus),
—- (Lycodon), eucullatus (Lielaphis), cueullatus (Stegonotus), cumingi he. papa
lus), 51.
425 onuatform (Cadmus), cuneirostris (Typhlops),
icarsius), 95. oie ee eurta (Aspidobos), 89, curta ia), 113. — Oylindrophis), curtus we 89.
hlops), 34. cuir (Coluber),
Baar oti (Typhlops),
Cusoria, 122. —— (Thamnophis),
ane
ee gr) pidonotus). cyclopium (Natrix), 244. cyclopium (Nerodia), 244, cyclopium (Tropidono-
tus), 244.
cyclops (Helicops), 279. ylindrophis, 134. cyrtopsis (Eutainia), 209, To (Thamnophis),
dahlii +(Psammophis), 397.
dahlii (‘Tyria), 397.
dablii ene eta om
Dapatnaya, 1
pes doc (Lycodon),
davidson (Plectrurus),
— (Dryocalamus),
davisonii (Hydrophobus), 372.
davisonii (Plectrurus), 162
davisonii (Ulupe), $72. qesorvons {Ostahaiad dion), 38.
deco hlops), 38. docurtata (Phimothyra),
chus), 417.
decurtatus (Phyllorhyn- chus), 417,
decussata (Anguis), 136,
426
dekayi (Ischnognathus), 2 87
dekayi (Storeria), 286. dekayi (Tropidonotus), 286.
delalandii (Typhlops), 45
Dendrophide, 177.
dendrophi Pf (Tropido- notus),
depressus (Typhlops), 33.
dhumna (Coluber),
dhumnades (Coluber), 375.
yereig (Corypho- don), 37
Pca ah (Zaocys), 375.
Diacrantériens, 177.
fori Pee (Catachleena),
diadema (Chatachlein), diadona (Coluber), 399, diner (Heterodon), ander (Lytorhynchus),
diadema (Simotes), 415.
diadema (Zamenis), 411.
. diademata (Ninia), 292.
diadematus (Streptopho- rus), 292.
Diaphoroty, hlops, 7.
diardi (Typhlops), 22.
Goksonacn (Typhlops), 29.
Dimades, 272.
dimidiata (Glauconia),64
dimidiatum (Pilidion),25
dimidiatum(Stenostoma), 64.
dimidiatus (‘Tropidono- tus), 274.
dindigalensis (Silybura), 152
dinga , (Onychocephalus), 45.
dingn (Typhlops), 45. Dinodon, 360.
Dipsadidm, 177. an (Hypaspistes),
aipendina (Ungalia), 112, opens (Herpetodryas),
dipsas Bh sarees 223, 258. dipsas geen 383. disparilis (Diaphoro- typhlops), 53. disparilis (Typhlops), 53
ALPHABLIICAL INDEX,
dissimile (Stenostoma),
inci( lauconia), 70,
distanti (Glauconia), 62.
oe (Tropidophis),
diviniloqua (Boa), 118, 119
divinil tor),
ditichoverpak (Tropido- notus), 246,
dolicocercus (Dromicus),
“z (Constric-
a ae dora (Coluber), 230. dorri (Periops), 410. dorri (Zamenis), 410. — (Gonyosoma),
dorsalis (Eutainia), 207. ee wie i 271.
dorsalis Copeman , 271 dorsuale (Xiphosoma), 101.
Draco, 93, 99, 115, 116.
Dromicodryas, 189.
drozii (Streptophorus), 293.
Dryadidx, 177.
Drymobius, 379.
Dryocalamus, 369.
Dryophilidx, 177.
Duberria, 320, 373.
eee (Acrochordus), 3.
duceboracensis (Liasis), 84.
dugesii (Catodon), 70. nee (Rena), 70. ee Nemo sine 70. ce (Stenostoma), 65 Gules (Glauconia), 65. — (Leptotyphlops), 5
dulcis (Rena), 65.
dumerilii (Acrantophis), 120.
dumerilii (Boa), 120.
dumerilii (Coronella),
27. dumerilii (Meizodon), 227. dumerilii (Stegonotus), 368. dupeni (Silybura), 150. dussumieri (Boa), 121.
dussumieri (Casarea),
a a — (Leptoboa),
— (Tetragonosoma),
effrenis (Lycodon), 356, ei (Coluber),
elaphoides (Tropidono- tus), 234.
Elapoides, 306.
a (Calamaria),
bar Pe (Lycophidium), elegans (Boa), 101. elegans (Come 128, scp Cerys), 198. 128. elegans clogans (Eutainia), 202, (Ophthalmidion), clegans (Tropidonotus),
elegans (Typhlops), 37 elegantissimus (. 402.
ellioti (Halys), 267. ellioti (agian 154.
enia),
ellioti (Silybura), 153, 154, 155, 158. a '(Trigonocephalus),
emini (Glauconia), 64 ere (Helmintho-
phis), 7 emunctus (Idiotyphlops), 6.
emunctus (‘Typhlops), 6. Enicognathus, 181. ;
enydris (Boa), 101.
Enygrus, 104, 109,
Epanodontiens, 3.
Epicarsius, 94.
Epicrates, 93.
Epictia, 59.
eques (Boa), 119.
eques (Coluber), 209.
eques (‘Tropidonotus),209.
Erebophis, 104.
Eryces, 93.
Erycide, 71.
Erycides, 74, 93.
Erycina, 93.
gb (Bothrio- phis), 395.
ig oy (Coluber),
erythrogaster or erodia),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. tae aoe fasciolatus (Zamenis),
elke (Zamenis), — (Odontomus), pa (Tropidonotus), fliformis (Typhlops),
fiskii (Lamprophis), 322. fitzingeri (Glauconia),
66. fitzingeri (Stenostoma), 66
is), 390. iformis (Natrix), liformi Psammo- ie, ng gece (Zamenis), Ik Coluber), “gm cn) “i ag, apo a (Typhlops), (Ablabes), flavicops (Amphiesma), faviceps (Enicognathus), flaviceps (Macropistho- dont 208, cat (Tropidonotus),
flaviceps 185
427
— (Typhlops),
ae eye (Bascanion),
flaviventris (Coluber), 387.
flaviventris (Corypho-
florulentus (Zamenis), 408.
—- (Chilabothrus), fordii icrates), 98. a ge fordii (Pelophilus), 98. —. (Dinodon), formosissimus (Constric- tor), 117. ee (Typhlops), Fowlea, 193. foxii (Bascanion), 387. franklinii(Onychophis), fremontii (Bascanion), 387.
fuliginoides (Coronella), fuliginoides (‘Tropidono- yar.
er ree i (Boodon),
ee (Lyeodon),
fusca (Cliftia), 95. fuscum (Ophthalmidion),
foscum (Trachischium),
428 fuseus (Elapoides), fusous (Lamprophis),
fuscus (Thea), 80 78.
fuscus (Typhlops), 30
fuscus (Zaocys), 78.
fusiformis (Oxyorrhos), 306.
gabina (Natrix), 234 gabinus (Coluber), 233 galathea (Coluber), 349. galathea (Lycodon), 349, 08 (Lycodon),
gammiei (Ophites), 358. a (Helicops), 6
gastrotenia (Rhabdion), 305.
geminatus (Ablabes), 185.
geminatus (Coluber), — 185.
eminatus (Enicogna-
. thus), 185. zo"
geminatus
dryas), 185 geminatus (Polyodonto-
gemonensis (Natrix), 395.
Paes ao
gemonensis (Zamenis), 395.
geometricum (Bosdon), geometricus (Boodon),
329, 331. ( ‘ geometricus(Eugnathus), 329.
geometricus (Lycodon), 29,
Geop his, 303, eeerardi (Mytilia), 142. Gerrhopilus, 7. gigas (Boa), 115. gilberti (Nardoa), 77. glaber (Heterolepis), 344. glaphyros .tus), 211
glaucoides : (Coluber), 395.
(Tropidono-
Glauconia, 59. Glauconiide, 57. Glauconiinz, 57. Glyphodonta, 169. Gongylophis, 122. Gonionotophis, 323.
ALPHADETICAL INDEX.
Gonionotus, 175, 323, or aes (Glauconia),
7 (Stenostoma), gracile (Stenostoma), gracilis (Chilabothrus), cilis Dryocalamus), eon.‘ ;
gracilis (Epi , 98.
gracilis (Hgdrogk obus), 371.
ge (Leiopython),
gracilis (Odontomus), 371.
gracilis (Tropidonotus), 234.
gracilis (Tyria), 404. gracilis (Zamenis), 404 grahami (Tropidonotus), grahami (Zamenis), 393. grahamie (Phimothyra), 393. = (Salvadora), grahamii (Natrix), 240. grahamii (Regina), 240 graminea _ (Huteenia), 206.
andis (Rhinophis), 48. 3 grandis (Silybura), 148. grandis (Uropeltis), 139. G his) ntii (Gonionotophis), O94. grantii (Gonionotus), 324, grantii (Simocephalus), 324. granulatus (Acrochor-
dus), 174. granulatus (Chersydrus),
174. granulatus (Hydrus), 174. granulatus (Pelamis), 174,
gray (Enicognathus), 187.
greineri (Ablabes), 366.
gronoviana (Natrix), 219.
gronovianus (Ooluber), 219,
Grotea, 300. groutii ’(Stenostoma), 68
Gryptotyphlops, 7.
- Heterodonta, 169.
gueinzii (Si
guides ‘Onpshooeglal gumnthert (Plectrurus),
Pcs (Sil gh guentheri (trachiee . chium), 298.
guentheri (Ty shops), 20. ae (Hoterol lepis),
ir (Simocephalus),
varie (Enygrus), 1 enna (Tracbee), 100 piss. (Boodon), 3 guttatus ee gs guttatus (Lycodon), 331. one (Lycophidium),
Heemorrhois, 379,
heetiana (Ungalia), 112. Haldea, oo
hallovelli (Lyphlops),
a (Hutainia), hammondii (Tropidono- tus), 210. Haplocercus, 809. haydenii (Entainia), 211. soe ty (Tropidonotus), 1
hebe (Coluber), 404. hebe (Lycodon), 352. Heleionomus, 80. Helicops, 272, 281. me elluo (An ) Helminthophis, 4. helveticus Coluber), 219. Henicognathus, 18 henshawi (Entznia), 210. edcace his, ee: bag erpetodryas, ’ ’ 304 874, 379. ‘ Herpetoreas, 193. Heterodon, 268, 414,
Heterolepis, 343, 844, ey i us), 3
, ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
hortulanus (Draco), 101.
ae ia, 8 bon), 86 outtuynil on), reas clry \Xilebocy 185.
ar een nc
humbo (Onychocepha-
h mae hlops), 46. um )
humile Sane alae 70.
humilis (Glauconia), 70.
humilis (Rena), 70.
hybridus (Coluber), 219.
429 — (Amphiardis), inornatus (Ohilabotheus), inornatus (Epicrates), inornatus (Lamprophis), inornatus (Potamophis)
291.
inornatus (Pseudoxeno-
don), 272. 7 (TLyphlops),
hybridus (Tropidonotus), 219. inornatus (Xenodon), Hydrablabes, 296. 27 2. Hydrethiops, 280. insigniarum (Hutenia), in eons 169, 172. 212, ydrophida, 172, 177. intermedia (Typhlops), ororhilue (Coluber), 42. 233. intermedius (Tropidono- Hydrophobus, 369 tus), 210. eg 173. iowe (Tropidoclonium), hydrus (Coluber), 233. 289. —— (Tropidonotus), — (Metoporhina), istes, 81. irroratum (Lycophi- Hse (Boa), 102. dium), suk 342. hypomelas (‘Tropidono- irroratus (Coluber), 340, vei hinoides (Tytleria Tochaogualioan aa oh h es. 5 n us, ia Isodonta, 71, 169. Isodontiens, V7. ibibe (Coluber), 206 isthmica (Boa), 119. Idiotyphlops, 4. Ilysia, 133, 1 — (Lyeophidium), Tlysiide, 131. Ilysioidea, 131. jacoles (Anguis), 125. Imbricatw, 3, 131, 167. jaculus (Eryx), 125, 128, imering (Liophis), 316. jJaculus (Tortrix), 126. imerinew (Pseudoxyrho- jagori (Lyphlops), 18. pus), 316. ems ti (Aspidopython), imperator (Boa), 119. inconspicuus ( PS), joc (Anguis) 3L. 16. jJamesonii (P , 85. indicus (Tortrix), 127 japonicus ( inot on), indicus (Xylophis), 304. 363. infernalis (Boodon), japonicus ( ), 363. infernalis (Coluber), 207. jara (Coluber) 350. — (Eutainia), jara 2 infernalis ( ono- jara (hesalel 350. tus), 201, jp eeby (TLropidonotus), 339. infrasignatus (Ptyas), 206. hortulana (Boa), 99, 101. 247. javanica (Potamophis), hortulanum infrataniatus (Helicops), 173. ma), 99, 101. 276. javanicum (Xenoderma), us (Coluber), infuscatus (Bothroph- paecnag: Say javanicus (Acrochordus), hortulanus (Corallus), inornata ), 97. 173. 99, 101, inornata (Virginia), } javanicus (Coluber), 85.
430
—" (Enicognathus),
javanicus (Xenodermus), 175.
ayakari (Eryx), 129. Jon (Typhlops), 19,
sobiensia (Brachyorzhos), 306.
jobiensis (Calamophis), 305.
johnii (Boa), 127.
johnii (Clothonia), 127.
johnii (Eryx), 127.
jugularis (Ooluber), 395.
junceus PS faa snrpeneg : 224,
karelinii (Coluber), 401. karelinii (Tyria), 401. karelinii (Zamenis), 401. Katophis, 193. kennicottii (Tropidono-
tus), 208.
keyensis (Lielaphis), 365.
keyensis (Lycodon), 365
khasiensis (Stoliczkaia), 176.
khasiensis | (‘Tropidono- tus), 223.
kirtlandii (Olonophis), 286.
kirtlandii thus), 286
kirtlandii (Regina), 286
kirtlandii (Tropidoclo- nion), *
pea (Tropidonotus),
286. korros (Coluber), 384. korros (Coryphodon), 384.
korros (Ptyas), 377, 384. ‘korros (Zamenis), 384. kraalii (Typhlops), 30. kraussi (Onychocepha- lus), 42. kraussti(Ophthalmidion),
kraussii (Typhlops), 42. kuhlii (Brachyorrhos), 305.
rie aie , 419.
labiosa (Ninia), 293. aoe (Streptophorus),
eee (Zamenis),
levissima (Natrix), 226. ret eu (Neusterophis),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
levissimus (Tropidono- alana (0 (Onychophis),
lalanaii (Lyphlops), 45. eee ko 318, 320,
a (Dapatnaya), 41 tahobere re,
rus), 293. lansbergii (Ninia), 293. laoensis (Lycodon), 354. laterale (Bascanium), 391. laterale (Lycophidium), 338
lateralis (Ahztulla), 248
lateralis (Leptophis), 247, 248, 391.
lateralis (Philothamnus), 248
lateralis (Thamnosophis), 247, 248.
lateralis (Tretanorhi- nus), 282.
lateralis ee eg ks 248, 249,
leachii (Anilios), 31.
leberis (Natrix), 239.
leberis (Regina) 239.
leberis (Tropidonotus), 937, 238, 239.
Leioheterodon, 268.
Leionotus, 110.
Leiopython, 76.
lemniscatus (Boodon), 329.
1 hlops), 16. leopard (bi Cee,
leopardina (Homalop- sis),
leopardinus (Helicops),
Lepidocephalus, 360, Lepidognathus, 283. leporinum (Oxyrhab- dium), 303. leporinum (Rhabdo- soma), Chiolin ' leprieurii elicops), 277, 278. Leptoboa, 121. see (Kutainia),
leptocephalus (‘Tropido- notus), 201, 418. Leptognathiens, 177. Leptophis, 193, 379. Leptorhytaon, 348,
-lineatus (Zamenis), 888.
leticpophaiad (Cephalo- lepis), 57.
—e (Typhlops), 1
leucomelas (Tropidono- tus), 266.
meet he (Coronella), 31
Jeucoproctus (Typhlops),
levingii Bar ae 152.
Liasis, 76
liberiensis Psion halus), 42
iberiensia (Typhlops),
Lichanura, 129.
liebmanni erie mus), 295,
Lielaphis, 364.
li gatas ee
Liannoplite
lineata (Storeria), 289
lineata (Typhlina), 15.
lineatum = (Boxdon), 332.
lineatum (Pilidion), 15.
lineatum (Tropidoclo- nion), 289.
linsowy (Typhlinalis),
lineatus (Bascanion),
lineatus (Boodon), 331,
lineatus (Bothrophthal- mus), 324.
lineatus (Oyclocorus),
lineatus (Cylindrophis), 13
lineatus (Elaphis), 324.
— (Ischnognathus), 89
lineatus codon), 327
lineatus {ifrerope) , 289.
wae (Tropldenotas), 26
re (Typhlops),
in (Helicops), lineolata (Huteenia), 202
lineolatus (ypblops),
Lissophis, 336, liu 149.
lividus (Lielaphis), — (Pseudolycodon), ee (Coronella), longiceuda (Glauconia), = gue (Meizodon),
ALPHABBTICAL INDEX.
—— (Stenostoma),
7 RR (Tro- mpi = 270,
a —aaek "251, 270,
don), 270.
macrops (Tropidonotus), 270.
um (Steno-
phis), 137. ——— (Eutainia), 1 macrostemma (Tropido- notus), 211, Macrostomata, 71, 169. macrurus s (Onychocepha-
Bie
is), <7 maculata (Cy 136. Crlndop maculata (Ilysia), 136. maculata (Silybura), 149.
maculata (Ungalia), 112,
maculatum (Nympho- phidium), 371.
maculatus (Chilabo- thrus), 98.
maculatus (Coluber), 405.
maculatus (Corallus),
maculatus (Leionotus), 112. maculatus oe
macelains (Tortrix),
(Tropidono-
Sy 260. a5, (Tropidophis), 112,1
maculosus + Liasis), 77. iensis (Ano-
tnalignus (Lycodon), manadensis (Tropidone- tus), 256. —_— pa (Botainia), marcianus ‘dda tus), 210. ar 1" os (Helicops), mate (Tropidonots) Masticophis, 379. Meni it maura irbina —_ (Hypsirbina), maurus (Coluber), 235.
maurus ss. (Ablatesy” ae ie (Abla
mayottensis A a data phis), 183
Meditoria, 7.
a (Tropidonotus),
————
432
melanocephalus (Abla- bes), 185. melanocephalus (Aspi- diotes), 91. melanocephalus (Aspi- dites), Y1. melanocephalus (Oathe- torhinus), 15. melanocephalus (Enico- gnathus), 186, melanocephalus (Lyco- don), 185. ee (Polyo- dontophis), 185. melanocephalus (‘Ty- phlops), 15, melanogaster (Orealia),
melanogaster (Euteenia), 226.
nace pa: thiops), 281.
melanogaster (Mytilia), 146,
yeeryerrl (Rhino- 8 te ; nogaster (Silybura), 146, 151, melanogaster (Tropido- notus), Malenophidien, 163. melanosterma (Steno- stoma), 63. melanotznia (Huteenia), 211. melanotus (Oylindro- his), 135. melanotus (Dromicus), 248
melanozostus (Bothro- phthalmus), 324. melanozostus (‘Tropido- notus), 230 melanura (Boa), 111. Ser (Ungalia), 1
=e (Tropidophis),
111.
meleagris (Lycophidium), 337.
mentalis (Boodon), 335.
mentovarium (Basca- nium), 389.
mentovarius (Ooluber), 389.
mentovarius (Corypho- don), 389. ae
mentoyarius (Zamenis), 389
merremi (Boa), 101.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
mrecmeslege (Regina),
mesomelanus (‘Tropido- notus), 225.
Metoporhina, 336.
mexicana (Anomalepis), 59.
mexicana (Boa), 119.
mexicana (Phimothyra), 392.
mexicana (Salvadora), 392
mexicarius (Anomalepis), 59. mexicanus (Ooluber),
mexicanus (Masticophis), 392.
mexicanus (Lytorhyn- chus), 392.
mexicanus (Zamenis),
microcephalum (Rhab- dosoma), 304.
microcephalus (Geophis), 304.
microlepis (Loxodon), 413.
microlepis (Rhinophis), 143,
microlepis Pt esa
phis), 41
snterelapis aera), 413,
Microps, 285. microps (Ooronella), 316.
microps (Pseudoxyrho- pus), 315,
microstomus (Typhlops), 53.
miliaris (Anguis), 125.
miliaris (‘Tortrix), 126,
minax (Natrix), 219.
minutus (Coluber), ee
phlops), 52. wrote (Tetrano- a gnta, 283. modesta (Boa), 101. carter ee (Brachyrhy- ton), 366. modestum (Lycodon), 366
modestum (Oxyrhab-
a
modestus ( is), 802. i (Helicops),
muss (Heterodon),
26
— (Hormonotus),
modestus (Lamprophis),
modestus (Lielaphis 366, 367. _
modestus (Lioheterodon),
modestus (Lycodon), 365, 366.
modestus (Stegonotus), 366.
ae, 08. (Stenognathus),
modestus (Tropidono- tus), 229.
moesta (Helicops), 277.
moestus (‘Tropidonotus), 274.
molini (Psammo- phis), 189.
molurus (Coluber), 87.
molurus (Python), 87, 418.
“oo (Pilidion),
monticola (Calamaria),
monticola (Oyclophis), 299. shee
monticola (Trachischi-
um), 299. (Tropidono- tus), 259. moreletii (‘Tropidophis), 111.
moreletii (Ungalia), 111. Morelia, 81.
mormon (Coluber), 387 ar (Masticophis),
38
mortoni (‘Tropidonotus), 267.
ee (Coluber),
mortuarius G idono- tus), 230, noi (Typhlops),
mossambicus (Onycho- cephalus), 41.
mucosa (Natrix), 385,
mucosus (Coluber), eat
mucosus (Ptyas), ¢
mucosus (Zamenis), 385. mucronatus (Typhlops),
x een
), Senelierd i (Eryx 28.
— (Stegonotus), on (Typhlops), mile (Herpetodryas), miilleri (Odontomus), 368.
multilineatus (Onycho- multimaculata (Eutznia),
narirostre (Stenostoma), — (Glauconia), nasuta ny meen em
nasutus (Anguis), 27 VOL, I.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
natalensis artery i
natalensis (Python), 86.
Natricids, 177.
Natrix, 192.
natrix (Coluber), 219.
natrix Da ace 219, 4
ato (Pecio ), 407.
neglectus (Zamenis), 407
Nerodia, 1
Neusterophis, 193.
spiny (Onychocepha-
lus), wto; , OD. nioobarlensis (Irortao- 243,
nicobariensis my, 192,
niger (Trent
5, Tropidonotus),
nigra (Silybura), 151.
sn =r (TLropi onotus),
nigrescens enya Tyebiogs)
5, pated nigricans (Chersodro- nigricans (Glauconia),
mus),
nigricans (Stenostoma ),
hlops), 67.
nignlins CLypuoS)
aedeties (Tropido- notus),
a rr (Eutznia),
sy dice | (Onycho- cephalus), 42
nigrolutea ( nigrluteu gina), 252.
Bor (Tretanorhi-
aa
nitida (Silybura), _ Nothopidw, 169, 1 Nothopsis, 176. Notophis, 110. muchaligttene oe
433 —— (Tropidonotus),
nummifer (Coluber), 407 ber es (Zamenis),
nyasse (Simocephalus a ( phalus),
tne (Ook Coluber), 370. a ied ae ;
nympha (Hydrophobus),
codon), 370, Toth ete a
Nymphophidium, 369,
oaxace (Zamenis), 386. er (Tropidonotus),
obscura (Euteenia), 207. ae (Oala- obsonre stale (Trach- ischium), 298. ei (Corallus),
cbs Ongena:
ocellata (Coluber), 397. ocellata (Eutenia), 209. ocellata ) 23.
Oligodontida, 177. — (Coronella), 217,
olivacea (Mizodon), 227. vlivaceus (aeodon’” 300. olivaceus ane 335.
a Holuropholis),
2r
434
olivaceus 883.
olivaceus 79.
olivaceus
(Leptophis), (Liasis), 78, (Megablabes),
383.
olivaceus (Onychocepha- lus), 50.
i (Onychophis),
olivaceus (Pseudocyclo-
phis), 300. olivaceus (Rhabdops),
olivaceus (Tropidonotus), (Typhlops),
olivaceus (Zamenis), 383 pr i ed as
Ophiela opted (Lycodon), 6
Ophites, 348. puhvies (Boa), 118, Ophthalmidion, 7. orn a Sug istho; es, Ontos ts, 283. Opotérodontes, 3, 57. oppelii (Tropidonotus),
orbiculata (Boa), 87. orcuttii (Lichanura), 129. ordinata (Boa), 87. ordinata (Eutainia), 206. ordinatus (Coluber), 205, 206, 286. ordinatus (Python), 87. ordinatus(‘Tropidonotus),
olivaccas 50
rhe 202, 205, 206, 207,
spd lea (Hutainia), 208.
orientalis | (Ophites), 363.
are (Tropidonotus),
ornata (Boa), 124.
ornata (Eutainia), 207
ornatum (Bascanium), 391.
ornatum (Xiphosoma), 101
ornatus (Ablabes), 185.
ornatus (Enicognathus), 185.
ornatus (Masticophis),
ornatus (Tropidonotus), 238.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
ortonii (Boa), 119. Oxyorrhos, 305. Oxyrhabdium, 302. oxyrhynchus (Pseudo- yphlops), 141. oxyihynehua(Rhinopbis), 1
ears (Typhlops),
pallida (Letheobia), 54. pallidus eae 380, palustris ( pammeces CIyphlop) 16. papuanus (Liasis), 8 paradoxa (Acontiophis), 415. paradoxus oy ee ‘4 rallelus (Periops), 411. Pata (Trapidono. tus), 223. pardalis (Boa), 112, 113. art ee (Ungalia), 112,
(Lytorhyn-
pervels (Uropeltis), 139.
aréasiens, 177.
parietalis (Coluber), 206.
ah en (Eutainia),
parietalis (Tropidonotus), 207.
parvus (Lycodon), 366 pavimentatus (Strepto- phorus), 293. pealit (Tropidonotus), peguensis (Fowlea), 228 Pelophilus, 116. perditus Aber dee periops (Ablabes), 296, 297.
periops (Hydrablabes), 296.
Periops, 379. ronii (Python), 82. eropoda, 71. Peropodes, 71. Peropodum, 114. perroteti (Geophis), 304.
perrototi (Platypteryx), ae (Plectrurus), perroteti (Xylophis), 304 persa (Ooluber), 219. persa (Tropidonotus),
219.
rsicus (‘Tropidonotus), Peond, .
«
persicus Bee ry 21. persicus (Zamenis), 400 — (Coluber),
larius (Coluber), Perl snips,
petersii (Liasis), 85,
Pan) 46 (Onychocepha- us
petersii (Silybura), 148,
rn (Tropidonotus),
vital (Typhlopeh 29. petiti (Rhoptrura), 92. phenax (Eutenia), 210. ar (Tropidonotus),
es (Stenostoma),
philippinus (Pseudo- Tyehlop) 139.
phiipint (Rhinophis), 1
phiteoe (Lyphlops), philippinus (Uropeltis), 139.
Phimothyra, 379. phipsonii (Silybura), 155.
phgeerans (Coronella),
porygia (Boa), 85.
Phyl rhynchus, 414. piceum (Bascanium), eae a ) pickeringii (Hutainia),
208. picta (Silybura), 156. picturatus (Tropidono- tus), 215, 219. Piesigaster, 94. Pilidion, 7. piscator (Enhydris), 230.
piseator (Hydrus), 230, piscator (Trop? 230, 232.
Plagiodontiens, 177. Plagiopholis, 301. Plenioree (Rhinophis),
Plastoseryx, 78. , ao (Lycodon), —
Plato (Ty- phlops), 30
Platyceps, 379. |
Pletyoree won |
eens e
— (Stegonotus), bicolor (Macropi maaan
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
oN : A hc cory Probletorhinide, 177. Pa (Coronella),
Protect 169, terogl . Protéroglyphes, 169. proxima (Eutainia), 213. hE (Thamnophis), proximus (Coluber), 212. proximeeeieee a eth 13. a> (Tropidonotus), nomiodon, 192. Pomme 189, 317, 379. his psammophi erpeto- Pseudaspis, 373. Pseudocyclophis, 300. Pseudoeryx, 130, 272. re (Bolyeria),
pseudo-eryx (Tortrix), 122. )
Pseudolycodon, 364. Pseudoplectrurus, 160.
Pseudo-Typhlo 139, 140, 144. 7
Pseudoxenodon, 270.
reer 314. bo (Chondropy-
“ thon), ob. us
pulcherrimus (Drymo- bius),
pulneyensis (Silybura), punctate (Morelia), — (Onychophis),
435
unctatum i- : dium), co — (Acgntias), punctatus (Psoudoxy-
rhopus), 317. — (Python), se 7 sey (Rhinophis),
es (Typhlops),
uelineatus phis), 315. B yer nie
radix (Eutainia), 211.
= raffrayi Bye uae
lus), oe (Aspidiotes), Poe (Aspidites), ravengteri (Coluber), 2¥2
436
rayergieri (Zamenis), 405, 407.
rectangulus (Ooluber), 230,
ia (Boa), 88. “3 tConshris), 88 regia (Hortulia), 89 Regina, 193. ie (Ee nop 35. regius on — (Oalabaria),
eR (Rhoptrura), 2
reinhardtii (Eryx), 92.
Rena, 59.
resplendens (Cylindro- his), 135.
reticulata (Anguis),
reticulata (Blythia), 314.
reticulata (Boa), 85.
reticulata (Calamaria), 314.
ar haan (Argyrophis),
reticulatus (Coluber), 234,
crs cmos (Python),
reticulatus (Typhlops), 27
reuteri (Typhlops), 16. rex-serpentum (Oonstric- tor), 117. Rhabdops, 300. Rhabdosoma, 302, 303. Rhamphostoma, 59. Rhinophide, 137. Rhinophis, 140. Rhinotyphlops, 4. rhodogaster (Ablabes), hodogastar (1 rhodogaster (Hnicogna- thus), 182, 183. rhodogaster (Herpeto- dryas), 182. rhodogaster (Polyodon- tophis), 182. rhodomelas (Amphi- esma), 266. rhodomelas Bain en thodon), 266 rhodomelas (Tropido- notus), 266, rhodomelas (Xenodon), 267
rhodorhachis (Zamenis), rhombeata (Boa), 85
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
rhombifer (Nerodia), 243.
rhombifer (Tropidono- tus), 242.
rhombifera (Natrix), 243,
Rhoptrura, 92.
oe (Typhlops), ewayi (Lytorhyn-
gp us), 415,
rigida (Natrix), 240.
rigida (Regina), 240.
rigidus (Coluber), 240
ig 7 (Tropidonotus),
riparius (Onychocepha- nan: 46. ‘ :
Skt (Typhlops),
robusta (Mainophis), 305.
rosenbergii (Ooronella), 366.
se (Lichanura),
2
rostralis nui) are (Glauconia),
cisteatala (Stenostoma),
rostratus (Anguis), 27. rubellum (Stenostoma), 65.
rubriventer (Cyclophis), 300.
rubriventer (‘Trachis- chium), 300.
rubrolineata (Silybura), 155.
rubromaculata(Silybura), 157.
rufa (Anguis), 135. cr (Cylindrophis), 35.
rufa (Ilysia), 135.
rufa (Tortrix), 135.
arog (Achalinus),
ruficauda (Anilios), 29.
ee (Typhlops), : a
ruficeps (Tropidonotus ), 253.
rufopunctata (Hutenia), 214.
rufopunctatum (Chilo- oma), 214.
rufopunctatus oe notus), 214.
rufotorquatum (Amphi- esma), 266. — (Dinodon), Bs 5 aa (Lycodon), rufula (Coronella), 318. rufulus (Ablabes), 318. rufulus (Ablabophis), 318. rufulus (Lamprophis), 318.
ef (Cylindrophis),
ras ae
— (Trachischium),
rugosus (Lepidognathus), 284.
rugosus (Nothopsis), 176 . (Ophites),
(Typhlops),
ruschenber; 4 (Xipho-
soma), russellii (Tortrix), 16.
ruhstrati
rippell
be (Typhlops), 16,
rutiloris (Huteenia), 213.
Sabrina, 59.
sackenii (Hutainia), 213.
ea ee (Uropeltis), l * ittaria (Calamaria),
86, 187. ,
sagittarius (Ablabes), 187.
oe) 1ST (Polyodon-
salvadora, a7.
samarensis (Spilotes), 367.
sancti-johannis (Tropido- notus), 230.
sanguineus (Platyplec- trurus), 166.
mn (Plectrurus),
sanguineus (Rhinophis), 143.
mare (Teretrurus),
i (Hurriah),
— bergi (Geophis)
aw (Scytale), — (Onychocephalus),
schinzi (Typhlops), 47. schirazana = he :
ALPHABETICAL INDEX, scopolianus (Coluber), i
tata (Eryx), 125. pore (Colcber), 219. hg (Tropidonotus),
seutifrons (Glauconia), ceutifrons (Stenostoma), ecytale (Anguis), 133, tale (Aspidura), 311, “S13.
scytale (Torquatrix), 133.
scytale (‘Tortrix), 133.
sebee (Coluber), 86.
sebse (Hortulia), 86.
seb (Ninia),
— “i on), -
se orus), 293. See
sechellensis (Lycogna-
semiannulis (Ly - dium), 339. “
—— (Dinodon),
semicarinatus (Eumeso- don), 362.
semicincta (Ungalia), 113.
semicinctum (Lycophi- dium),
semifasciatus (Coluber), 400
semifasciatus (Hydro-
phobus), 370. — (Platyceps), semilineatum (Bascan
ium), 391. ae (Eryx), septemstriata (Glauco-
nia), 71
437 septemstriatus - phlops), 71. septemvittatum (Calo- pisma
sprit (Coluber),
(Heli-
don), 363. septentrionalis (Ophites), 363.
septentrionalis (Lyco-
seychellensis (Boodon), 329
seychellensis (Psammo- phis), 317. seychellensis (Tropidono- tus), 317. shortii (Silybura), 158. Siagonodon, 59. ), 28 siamensis (Typhlops), siculus (Coluber), 219. — (Herpetoreas),
signata (Glauconia), 64. i itenostoma),
Silybura, 144. Simalia, 81. Simocephalus, 344, simoni (Onychocephalus), 51. simoni (Typhl ), 51. Simotes, 414. aks simplex (Lichanura), 129. sinensis (Ablabes), 184. sipedon (Coluber), 242. sipedon (Nerodia), 242. — (Tropidonotus), sirtalis (Coluber), 206. sirtalis (Eutainia), 205, , 208, — (Thamnophis), sirtalis (Tropidonotus),
201, , 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 237.
438 reste cos Rh ents), 408 seat (Typhlops), Spalerosophis, 379. speciosus Coluber), 86. Sphecodes, 348. spilogaster (Ninia), 293. pare ter (Tropidono- , 207. spilotes Cas gy spilotes Ceci 58: spilotes (Python), 82. spilotus (Coluber), 82. unctatus (Oligo- Pe 188 spinalis oC achalinus), 309.
spinalis (Coluber), 394. — (Masticophis),
spinalis anennee
spixii (Helicops), 280.
squamosus (Anilios), 57.
——— (Typhlophis),
hone (Typhlops), 7
Stegonotus, 364. Stenognathus, 302. endphtkalains (Hetero- Persia 347. hthalmus (Simo- Pci’ 347. senorhyneh (Geophis),
spacers (Xylo- phis), 304. Hexicetonia, 59. Stenostomi, 57. Stenostomidx, 57. aye (Amphiesma),
stolatus (Coluber), 253. stolatus (Tropidonotus), 253,
Stoliczkaia, 175. Storeria, 285. storerioides (Ischnogna- thus), 288. storerioides (Natrix), 288 storerioides (Storeria), storerioides (Tropido- clonium), stormi (Lycodon), 357. Streptophorus, 291.
striata Coronella), 361. — (Calamaria),
striatula (Haldea), 291.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. — (Potamophis),
striatula (Virginia), oe striatulus (Oo uber), 29 —s (Gonooorhalus)
striatus (Ooluber), 349. striatus (Epicrates), 96. — (Bumesodon),
satis (Homalochilus),
striatus (Lycodon), 349.
strigilatus (Homalochi- lus), 96.
striolatus(Tropidonotus), 231
atriolatus (‘Typhlops), 22 stumpfli (iretthela, 247
stumpffi (Tropidonotus), 247
Stypocemnus, 193.
Styporhynchus, 193.
subannulatum (Nympho-
hidium), 371.
subannulatus (Dryocala- mus), 371.
subannulatus (Hydro- phobus), 371.
subannulatus (Odonto- mus), 371.
subcinctus (Lycodon), 359.
subeinctus (Ophites), 359.
subfuscus (Lycodon), 356.
subminiatum (Amphi- esma), 256.
subminiatus (Tropidono- tus), 256
reac (Buscanium),
suborbitalis (Spilotes), 389.
subpunctatus (Oligodon), 186.
mater: (Polyodon-
tophis), 186. aoe (Amphies-
ma), 260. sulcatus Pte bie) 31.
sumatranus 7. sumichrasti (Hutenia), 209.
sumichrasti (Henicogna- thus), 183.
sumichrasti (Loxocemus), 4.
7 sumichrasti (Polyodonto- phis), 183
.
a (Rhadinea), sumichrasti (Tropidono- Ser (Trop'
ti atonends (Tropidono- tus), 225, 260.
= (Glauconia), a a (Stenostoma), superciiosus (Enygrus),
07.
"% (Tropidonotus), surinamensis (Coluber), ewinhonis (Tropidono-
tus), 218.
Syncrantériens, 177. syriacus (Typhlops), 21.
Tachynectes, 272. a (Ungalia),
ps (Tropidonotus),
teniata (Leptophis), 390. i
teniatum (Bascanium), 391.
a (Drymobius), 391.
a (Masticophis),
1
teeniatus (Zamenis), 390. —e (Tropidonotus), 34
tatarica (Boa), 126. taxispilota (Natrix), 245. baer ei? (Nerodia),
taxispilotus (Tropidono- hes bas ay =
teherana ( ), 1
temminckii (Typhlops), 29.
templetonii (Mytilia),
tenasserimensis (Zaocys), Emon (Ophthalmidium), tseotaog (Ablabes), 299
tenuiceps (Calamaria), tenulepa(Trahisdium), tenuicollis (On
us), temaioollie A dion), 37
tenuicollis (Typ a Nall tenuicula
- caoeicane), “a (Typhlops), 16, 19,
tepnpleurs (Tropido-
ace A i pal
ome Thamneepl
thebaicus 25.
— (Gonpylophis), tncobalianas (Ty-
Pt anes 2h (Coluber), 395
ae ae (Typhlops), tiginam (Amphiesma), igen (Tropidonotus),
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Torquatrix, 193, 135, torquatus stun \Onistids 219. torquatus (Opisthiodon),
gi: =e ap et
oD ss (Tropidono- tus), 258, :
—T (Typhlops),
Tortricide, 167, 131.
Tortriciens, 131.
Tortricina, 131.
Tortrix, 1, 75, 121, 122, 133, 134, 167.
trabalis (Coluber), 395
— (Heemorrhois),
trabalis a 895. Trachischium, Trachyboa, 109. trachyproc (Aspidura),
transversa (Nerodia), 243.
rest (Tropidono-
tus), 242.
travancoricus (Cercas- pis), 355.
travancoricus (Lycodon), 355
travancoricus (Rhino- phis), 143. travancoricus (Teretru- rus), 166, Tretanorhinus, 281. teovelrams (Dapatnaya),
trevelyanus (Rhinophis), 142, trianguligerus (Tropido-
notus), 224, Tricheilostoma, 59. ae (Leptophis),
trilineata By to- dryas), 189, 1 trilineata (Buteenia), 208, trilineatus (Platyplec- trurus), 165. trilineatus (Plectrurus), 165. trilobus (On chocepha- lus), 38. Trimerorbini, 177. Trirhinopholis, 419. tristrigatus (Dryoca-
439
tel _ CKenopeltis), trvittatus (Helicops),
tropica (Storeria), 287.
Tropidoclonion,
ie se Ps 193, 272. a og 191, 192,
270, 272, 317.
Tropidophis, 110.
Tropidophorus, 193.
truncatus (Argyrophis),
vee (Opisthotropis),
typicus (Helicopsoides), 285. ™
Tyria, 379.
tyria (Coluber), 407.
tyrolensis (Coluber), 219.
trtia (Tropidonotus),
Ty tiie, 348
_ Ulupe, 369.
umbratus (Coluber), 230.
umbratus (Tropidono- tus), 224, 231.
tase (Epictia),
undecimstriatus (Ty- phlops), 63. Ungalia, 110. Ungaliophis, 114. unguirostris (Onycho- ce phalus), 49. ungulroaea (Typhlops), unicolor (Bowdon), 334. unicolor on), 352. unicolor (Xenopeltis),
cephalus), unilineatus ’ (Typhlops), unmacuat (Mytilia), oe (Letheobia), ——- (Typhlops),
Upérolissiens, 137, ee F Uropeltacea, 137. Uropeltidx, 137. Uropeltis, 139, 144.
usta (Natrix), 239.
ustus (Tropidonotus),238,
vagrans Omori rr — pidonotus),
valida te 231. valida (Re, gina), 257 —e ( pidonotus),
variabilis (Hlelicops), 282.
yariabilis (Tretanorhi- nus), 282.
variegata (Morelia), 82.
be ean (Alopecion),
variegatus (Heleiono- mus), 86.
variegatus(Mizodon),217.
variegatus (Tropidono- tus), 217.
varius (Leptophis), 246.
— (Onychocephalus),
varius Gone, 46. 0
a olubriformes),
ventralis (Boodon), 331. bio ae (Tyria),
ventrimaculatus (Zame- nis), 398, 399, 401, 403,
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
ventromaculatus (Colu- ber), 399. venustus (Coluber), 287 vermicularis ( phis), 21, hlope) vermicularis 0 21, 418. (Pyphios versicolor (Coluber), 411.
—— (Epicrates), versicolor (Periops), 411.
versicolor (Zamenis), 411.
Sine (Onychocepha- lus), 32.
Re (Typhlops), 2
vetustus (Bascanion), 387.
vibakari (Tropidonotus), 221
vidua (Hutenia), 208 viperina (Boa), 124, viperina (Natrix), 236. a (Coluber), 219,
viperinus(Tropidonotus),
Viperoidea, 169.
virgatus (Boodon), 331.
virgatus (Ccelopeltis), 331
viridiflavus (Coluber), 395.
viridiflayus (Zamenis), 395.
viridis (Boa), 90.
ers (Chondropython),
viridis (Xenodon), 267.
vittata (Natrix), 255.
vittatus (Ablabes), 375.
vittatus (Coluber), 255.
vittatus (Spilotes), 252. Mr (Lropidonotus),
oda "(Gonionotus) 823.
vossii etn , 844. Vossii Boodon), "508, (Gonionotophis),
(Coluber), 395 vulgaris (Nateis), 219.
leri (Helicops), 282. walker! (Tropkdonotus,
61% (Anomalochilus),
Wenona, 130.
westermanni Me doe cephalus), 56
wiedii (Typhlops), 36.
wilderi clyphilops), 7 .
hr ig (Nerodia),
woodhousii (Tropidono- tus), 243.
wood-masoni (Silybura), 147.
wynadense (Melano- phidium), 163.
Vynen ee ee
Xenochrophis, 191. Xenodermina, 172. Xenodermus, 175. Xenodon, 265, 270, Xenopeltide, 167. Xenopeltis, 167. ae (Tortrix),
Xiphosoma, 99, Xylophis, 303.
unnanensis (Atretium) O74, :
Zamenis, 379.
Zamenophis, 364.
Zaocys, 374.
Zapyrus, 374.
zebrinus (‘Tropidonotus), 258,
os
— a oy _——_ =
SS ee ee ee eS eee ee
LIST OF PLATES.
Prats I, Fig. 1. Helminthophis petersii, Blgr., p. 6, x 8. 2. —— guentheri, Blgr., p. 6, x5. Typhlops beddomii, Blgr., p. 18, x 6. . —— leucomelas, Blgr., p. 18, x 4. —— jerdoni, Blgr., p. 19, x 4. —— leucoproctus, Blgr., p. 20, x 6. a. Upper view of head; 0. Side view of head; c, Lower view of head; d. Lower view of tail.
POR w
Prate II. Typhlops comorensis, Blgr., p. 21, x 5. . —— socotranus, Blgr., p. 21, x 5. —— oatesii, Blgr., p. 23, x 4. —— torresianus, Blgr., p. 34, x 3. —— blanfordii, Blgr., p. 39, x 3. —— boetigeri, Blgr., p. 39, x 4. a. Upper view of head; }. Side view of head; ¢, Lower view of head.
Pe'Pr Se Pr
Prats ITT. Fig. 1. Typhlops regina, Bigr., p. 35, x2. 2. —— exocesti, Bigr., p. 36, x 4. 3. —— affinis, Bigr., p. 49, x8.
j
| g =:
ve diled a hy ow
Aries “er
+ - a 4 ha, wit ad a eo Sw ~ oe. ie ) Pe “ 2 earie ‘ i - 442 LIST OF PLATES, =. at at . os : 3 pa, ss Fig. 4. Typhlops cumingii, Gray, p. 51, x3. . a 5. —— crossii, Blgr., p. 52, x 4. "ag
6. —— inornatus, Blgr., p. 54, x 6. 7. Glauconia affinis, Blgr., p. 62, x 5. 8. —— emini, Blgr., p. 64, x8. SS a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head; ¢. Lower — view of head, |
Prate IV. Fig, 1. Liasis childreni, Gray, p. 77. Upper, lower, and side 4 _ views of head and anterior portion of body. , 2. olivaceus, Gray, p. 79. Upper and side views of head and neck. E 3. Corallus cookii, Gray, p. 99. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body. ; < Prats V.
Fig. 1. Erywx elegans, Gray, p. 128. 2. —— muelleri, Blgr., p. 128. 3. —— jayakari, Blgr., p. 129. — Upper view of head and anterior portion of body; side __ view of head ; and side view of tail. a
Pras VI.
Fig. 1. Silybura petersii, Bedd., p.148. Side view of head and a anterior portion of body, and lower view of posterior portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head; b. Side view of head ; c. Upper view of tail; x38,
2. maculata, Bedd., p. 149. As in the preceding, beg * “] details x 2.
3. nitida, Bedd., p. 151. As in the stags details x3, _
LIST OF PLATES. 443
Prate VII. Fig. 1. Silybura dindigalensis, Bedd., p. 152. 2. —— broughami, Bedd., p. 152. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of
body, and upper and lower views of posterior portion of body and tail.
Pirate VIII.
Fig. 1. Silybura macrorhynchus, Bedd., p. 153. 2. —— rubrolineata, Gthr., p. 155. Side views of head and anterior portion of body and of posterior portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x 2; 5. Upper view of tail, x 2.
Prate 1X.
Fig. 1. Silybura myhendre, Bedd., p. 156. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body; and upper, lower, and side views of posterior portion of body and tail.
2. —— madurensis, Bedd., p. 156. Side view of head and anterior portion of body and lower view of posterior portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x2; b. Upper view of tail, x 2.
3. Rhinophis travancoricus, Blgr., p. 143. Side view of head and anterior portion of body and of posterior portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x3; 5. Upper view of tail, x3.
Prats X.
Fig. 1. Pseudoplectrwrus canaricus, Bedd., p. 160. 2. Plectrurus davisonii, Bedd., p. 162. 3. aureus, Bedd., p. 162. Side views of head and anterior portion of body and of posterior portion of body and tail, and lower view of tail, a. Upper surface of head, x 2.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
oo to
LIST OF PLATES,
Prats XI.
Platyplectrurus trilineatus, Bedd., p. 165. Upper view of head and anterior portion of body; side view of head and anterior portion of body ; and upper view of posterior portion of body and tail. «a. Upper view of head, x 2; b, c. Young.
madurensis, Bedd., p. 166. Side view of head and
anterior portion of body and lower view of posterior
portion of body and tail. a. Upper view of head, x3,
Prare XII,
Polyodontophis collaris, Gray, p. 184. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a, Side view of head, x13. 6. Half-grown specimen, type of Ablabes sinensis, with (c) side view of head, x 2.
bistrigatus, Gthr., p. 188. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body. a. Side view of head, x3.
Prats XIII.
Tropidonotus nuchalis, Blgr., p. 218. parallelus, Blgr., p. 223.
. —— khasiensis, Blgr., p. 223.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XIV.
. Tropidonotus petersii, Blgr., p. 225.
punctulatus, Gthr., p. 228.
. —— modestus, Gthr., p. 229.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body. :
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
LIST OF PLATES. 445
Prats XV.
Tropidonotus sancti-johannis, Blgr., p. 230. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Upper and lower view of head of young
(type specimen).
. —— asperrimus, Blgr., p. 232. Upper and side views
of head and anterior portion of body.
Prate XVI.
Tropidonotus chrysargoides, Gthr., p. 260. Upper and
side views of head and anterior portion of body. saravacensis, Gthr., p. 261. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XVII.
Tropidonotus auriculatus, Gthr., p. 261. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a, Upper view of head, x 2; 6. Side view of head, x 2.
. Pseudoxenodon dorsalis, Gthr., p. 271. Upper, lower,
and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XVIII.
Fig. 1. Lioheterodon modestus, Gthr., p. 269. Upper and side
views of head.
2. Helicops trivittatus, Gray, p. 276. Upper, lower, and
side views of head and anterior portion of body.
3. Opisthotropis andersonii, Blgr., p. 284. Side view of
head and anterior portion of body. a. Upper view of head, x3; 6. Side view of head, x3; c¢. Lower view of head, x 3.
446
Fig.
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Fig. 1.
2.
3.
Fig. 1. 2.
3.
LIST OF PLATES.
Prare XTX. fa Trachischium guentheri, Blgr., p. 298. J
. Rhabdops olivaceus, Bedd., p. 300. . Plagiopholis blakewayi, Bigr., p. 301.
Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of
body. a. Upper view of head, x2. 6. Side view of head, x 2,
. Oxyrhabdium leporinum, Gthr., p. 303. Upper (a) and
side (6) views of head.
Prats XX.
Xylophis stenorhynchus, Gthr., p. 304, x 2.
. Achalinus rufescens, Blgr., p. 308, x 3. . Aspidura guentheri, Ferg., p. 312, x 3. . Lamprophis fuscus, Blgr., p. 322, nat. size.
Upper, lower, and side views of head.
Prats XXI.
Boodon infernalis, Gthr., p. 330. Upper and side views - of head.
Iycophidium meleagris, Blgr., p. 337. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Upper, }. Side view of head, x 2.
— jacksoni, Blgr., p. 340. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prva XXIL
Lycophidium abyssinicum, Blgr., p. 342. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
—— fasciatum, Gthr., p. 342, Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
elapoides, Gthr., p. 343. Upper and side views of
head and anterior portion of body.
a. Upper view of head; 6. Side view of head, x 23.
;
LIST OF PLATES. 447
Prate XXIII.
Fig. 1. Gonionotophis grantii, Gthr., p. 324. 2. Simocephalus nyasse, Gthr., p. 347. Upper, lower, and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Side view of head, x 2.
Prats XXIV.
Fig. 1. Lycodon anamallensis, Gthr., p. 351. 2. —— laoensis, Gthr., p. 354. 3. travancoricus, Bedd., p. 355. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XXY.
Fig. 1. Stegonotus heterurus, Blgr., p. 367. Upper view of head
and anterior portion of body and lower view of tail. a. Side view of head,
2. Dryocalamus gracilis, Gthr., p. 371. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Side view of head, x 14.
3. —— tristrigatus, Gthr., p. 372. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body. a. Side view of head, X 1}.
Prare XXVI.
Fig. 1. Zaocys dhumnades, Cant., p. 375. 2, —— luzonensis, Gthr., p. 377. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
Prats XXVIII.
Fig. 1. Zaocys carinatus, Gthr., p. 377. 2. —— fusous, Gthr., p. 378. Upper and side views of head and anterior portion of body.
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LIST OF THE CURRENT NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM,
The following publications can be purchased through the Agency of Messrs. Losamans & Co., 39, Paternoster Row ; Mr. Quanrron, 15, Piccadilly ; Messrs. Kecan Paut, Trencu, Trisner & Co., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road; and Messrs. Dutau & Co., 37, Soho Square; or at the Natura, History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, S.W.
Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals, Birds, Rep- - tiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented by B. H. Hodg- son, Esq., to the British Museum, 2nd edition. Pp. xii., 90. ith an account of the Collection by Mr. Hodgson.] By
ohn Edward Gray. 1863, 12mo. 2s, 3d.
Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. “Alert,” 188k-2, Pp. xxv., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, Svo.
Summary of the Voyage - By Dr. R. W. Coppinger. Mammalia 4 - - d O. Thomas. i Aves - - - - ,, R. B. Sharpe. Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces - ,, A. Giinther. Mollusca - . - ,, E. A. Smith. Echinodermata” - - tae A Ld, Bell.
Crustacea - - - 4 E. J. Miers Coleoptera - - - ,, C. O. Waterhouse, Lepidoptera - - - ,, A. G, Butler Alcyonaria and Spongiida - , %. O. Ridley
MAMMALS.
Catalogue of the Bones of Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. By Edward Gerrard. Pp. iv., 296. 1862, 8vo. 5s. Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs, and Fruit-eating Bats in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &.
Pp. viii., 1387. 21 Woodcuts. . 1870, 8yo. 4s.
e of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous, and Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vii., 398. 47 Woodcuts. 1869, 8vo. 6s. 67.
U 67966. Wt. 7144. A
2 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Hand-List of Seals, Morses, See- 7 he and Soa in the Briti h _ Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. 43. 30 Plates of Skulls. 1874, 8vo. 12s. 6d.
Catalogue of Seals and Whales in the British Museum. By John | Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. 2nd edition. Pp. vii., 402. 101 Wood= cuts. 1866, 8vo. 8s. ‘
Supplement by John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 103. 11 Woodeuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
List of the Specimens of Cetacea in the Zoological Department ofr - the British Museum. By William Henry Flower, LL.D., F. PR. ae &c. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] Pp. i io. 36.
- 1885, 8vo. 1s. Ed.
Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia (Pebsines Linneus) in the Briti Mus2am. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 1 4 Pilates. 1872, 8vo. 3s. 6d.
UWand-List of the Edentate, Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. vii. 176. 42 Plates of Skulls, &e. 1873, 8yo. 12s.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the Collection of the British Museum. By Oldfield Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4 — coloured and 24 plain Plates. -[With Systematic and Alphas Indexes.] 1888, 8yo. 17. 8s. )
BIRDS. _
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum :—
Vol. ILI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, — in the Collection of the British Museum. Coli he, containing the families Corvide, Paradizciday Onteldlan: Dieruride, and Prionopide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 343. Woodeuts and 14 coloured Plates. [Syste- matic and Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 17s.
Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphe: Part I., containing the families Campophagidw and Mus- cicapide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 494. Wood- cuts and 14 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1879, 8vo, 1.
Vol. V. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum, Cichi Part II., containing the family Durdidw (Warblers pe Ns '‘Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Pp. xvi., 426. Wood- — cuts and 18 coloured Plates.” [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 12.° ‘
Cat
ls i
=< .
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HIsTORY). 3
ue of the Birds in the British Museum—continned.
‘Vol. VI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphe : Part III., containing the first portion of the family ‘Time- liide (Babbling ‘lhrushes). By RK, Bowdler Sharpe. . xiii., 420. Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 1/.
Vol. VIL, Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
: Part LV., containing the concluding portion of the family Timeliide (Babbling Thrushes). By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 8vo. 1/. 6s. :
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passcriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo- morphe: Part V., containing the families Paridw and Laniide (Titmice and Shrikes); and Certhiomorphe (Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A,, Ph.D. Pp. xiii., 386. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 8vo. 17s.
Vol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Cinnyrimorphe, containing the families Nectariniide and Meliphagide (Sun Birds and Honey-eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. {With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1884, 8vo. I4s.
Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes: Part I., containing the families Dicwide, Hirundinide, Ampelidx, Mniotiltidw, and Motacillide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates, Mie, a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1885, 8vo. 1, 2s.
Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringilliformes : Part I1., containing the families Cerebide, Tanagride, and Iecteride. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. 1886, 8vo. 1/,
Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum, Fringi/li- formes: Part I11., containing the family Fringillide. By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 87]. Woodeuts and 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and. Alphabetical Indexes,] 1888, 8vo. 11. 8s.
Vol. XIL1. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum, Sturniformes, containing the famiiies Artamida, Sturnide Ploceid:. and
a:3
4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
of the Birds in the British Museum—con .
Alaudidew. Also the families Atrichiide and Menuridk a By R. Bowdler Shar Pp. xvi., 701, Woodeuts and 1 coloured Plates, {With Systematic and Alphabe . Indexes.] 1890, 8vo, 1/. 8s.
Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Olig myoda, or the families Tyrannide, Oxyr hid Pipride, Cotingide, Phytotomide, Philepittide, Ry Xenicide, and Kurylemide. By Philip Lutley Sel ter, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Piney and 26 colour Plates, [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes. 1888, Svo. 1d. 4s. 4
Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Bi ls, in the Collection of the British Museum, Tracheophe or the families Dendrocolaptide, Formicariide, Conopa )- phagide, and Pteroptochide. By Philip Lutley Sela M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 871. Woodeuts and 20 colour a Plates. [ With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes : 1890, 8vo. 17. p
Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picarie in the Collection o the British Museum. Scansores, containing the family Picide. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodeuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphas betical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. 17, Gs.
*Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picariw in the Collection ¢ of the British Museum. Seansores and Coceyges : containit the families Rhamphastide, Galbulide, and Bucconida, — by P. L, Sclater ; and the families Indicatoridx, Capitonide, Cuculidx, and Musophagide, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484: 13 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha- betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1d. 5s.
Hand-List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing ‘thospas contained in the British Museum. By G. R. Gray, F.R.S.,_ &e. -—
Part II. Conirostres, Scansonad Columba, and Gallina. | > Pp. xv., 278. ‘Table. of Genera and Subgenera ; Part 11 1870, 8vo. 6s. f
Part IIT. Struthiones, Grallew, and Anseres, with In of Generic and Specific Names. Pp. xi., 350. ‘Table Genera and Subgenera: Part III. 1871, "Bvo. 8s.
List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray :— he Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonide and Picid, 4 TWith Index.] Pp. 137. 1868, 12mo. 1s. 6d.
Part V. Gallina. - Pp. iv., 120. [Alphabetical Inde exe] 1867, 12mo, 1s. 6d.
ees wee —— ‘.
* Norr.—Volumes XVI. and XVII. will “be ay in the course ¢ a 1891,
be
._ av
REPTILES.
of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbanians in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.RS., &e. Pp. viii., 80. [Alphabetical Index.] 1844, 12mo. He
Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British ~ Museum :—
Appendix. By John Edward Gray, F.RS., &. Pp. 2 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.
Part IIl., Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis- beenians. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3s. 6d.
' Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873, 8vo. 4s.
Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in
' the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. [With Systematic and = Stipe Indexes.] 73 Woodeuts and 6 Plates. 1889, 8vo. 58
Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct) in the Collection of the
ritish Museum. By Albert C. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D., Pb.D., F.RS. Pp. iv., 96. 55 Plates, and two Charts of the arate group of Islands, north-west of Madagascar, [With a
stematie Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land Tortoises, ortoises.] 1877, 4to. 1/. 10s.
Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger :—
Vol. I. .Geckonide, Eublepharidx#, Uroplatide, Pygopedide, Agamide. Pp. xii, 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s.
Vol. Il. Jguanide, Xenosauride, Zonuride, Anguid», Anniellide, Helodermatide, Varanidx, Xantusiide, Teiide, Amphisbenidw. Pp. xiii, 497. 24 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s,
Vol. III. Lacertidw, Gerrhosauride, Seincide, Anelytropida, Dibamide, Chamaleontidw. Pp. xii. 575. 40 Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 1/. 6s.
Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther, Pp. xvi. 281. [With bap = Biivatenatic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 12mo. 4s,
‘oo
6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
BATRACHIANS.
Catulogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection of the Britich Museum, By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi, 160. 12 Plates [With Systematic, Geographical, and Alphabetical Inderes. 1855, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia, s. Eeaudata, in the Collee of the British Museum. Second edition. By George All . Boulenger. Pp. xvi., 503. Woodcuts and 80 Plates. [W Systematic and Alphabetical IndJexes.] 1882, 8vo, 14. 108.
Catalogue of the Batrachia Gradientia, s. Caudatu, and Batrae i Apoda in the Collection of the British Museum. Second e By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii., 127, 9 Plates. TW Sy stematic and Alphabetical Tndexes.] 1882, Svo. 9s.
FISHES.
Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.R.S., &e. :-- Vel. II. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitide, Triglide, Trachink Scienide, Polynemide, Sphyrenide, Trichiuride, Se bride, Carangide, Xiphiide. Pp. xxi. 548. [Wit Systematic and Alphabetical Index.} 1860, &vo. Gd. -3
Vol. III. Gobiide, Discoboli, Oxuderciday Batrachide, Pediculati, Blenniide, Acanthoclinide, Comaph ride, Trachypteride, Lophotide, ‘Teuthidide, Acronuride, Ho lognathide, Malacanthide, Nandide, Polycenti li Labyrinthici, Luciocephalide, Atherinide, a rilidae, Ophiocephalide, ‘Trichonotide, Cepolidew, Gobie Psychrolutide, Centriscide, Fistularide, Mastnosniiid ie Notacanthi. Pp. xxv., 586. Woodcuts. [With a § tematic and Alphabetical Index, and a Systematic Synopsis of the fumilies of the Acanthopterygian Fishes.] — 8vo. 10s. 6d. —_
Vol. IV. Aesuthoptery gil Pharyngognathi, Aa hini. Pp. xxi. 534. [With a Systematic and Alphabe' Index.] 1862, 8vo. 8s. 6d.
Vol. V. Silaride, Characinide, Haplochitonide, Ste chide, Scopelidx, Stomiatide. Pp. xxii., 455. Wood cuts . {With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1864, Bvo. 8
Vol. VI. Salmonidew, Percopside, Galaxida, Mormyrié Gymnarchide, Esocide, Umbride, Scombresocide, Cy pr nodontide. Pp. xv., 368. Woodeuts. [With a Syste asl and Alphabetical. Index. ] 1866, 8vo. 7s.
Vol. VII. Heterophygii, Cyprinide, Gonorhynchide, F dontide, Osteoglosside, Clupeida, Chirocentride, Ale oe cephalidie, Notopteride, Halosauride. Pp. xx., Woodeuts. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Ind 1868, 8vo. 8s.
Vol. VIII. Gymnotide, Symbranchide, Muronide, Pega ic x Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chor terygii, Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. Pp. xxv., 549. [With u Systematic and Alphabetical Index. ] 1870, Svo, 8s. 6d.
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7
List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British Lusew art I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray. Pp. x., 160. 2 Plates. [Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1851, Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &e. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, }2mo. 2s.
MOLLUSCA.
Guide to the Systematie Distribution of Mollusca in the British Museum. Part I. By John Edward Gray, Ph.V., F.RS., &e. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. ds.
Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Muscum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s.
List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum, collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet in the “ Voyage autour du Monde, exéeuté pendant les années 1836 et * 1837, sur la Corvette ‘La Bonite,’” and in the “ Histoire “ naturelle des Mollusques Ptéropodes,” Par. MM. P. C. A. L.
~ Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo. 8d.
of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Col- lection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. Pp. iy., 192. Woodeuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. Gd.
Catalogue of the Auriculidw, Proserpinidw, and Truncatellide in the * Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. _ Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. 1s. 9d.
List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &e. Part IT. Olivide. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo. 1s.
Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, ir the Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :—-
Part I. Veneridx, Cyprinidz, Glauconomida, and Petricolada. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s.
Part II. Petricolade (concluded), Corbiculade. Pp. 76, [With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts.j 1854, 12mo. 6d.
BRACHIOPODA.
Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the Collec- tion of the British Museum. Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodeuts. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, !2mo. 2s.
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8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
POLYZOA.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the ‘Collection of : Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata, By George Busk, VRS. viii., 89, 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, 8vo. jer
CRUSTACEA.
Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Mu: Part I. Leucosiade, By Thomas Bell, V.P.R.S., Pres. LS, Pp. iv., 24. 1855, 8vo. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in th Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate, P.R.S., &e. | ‘Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 1862, Ae a 1Z, 5s. - Ll
L>
INSECTS.
Coleopterous Insects.
-
Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum ;-—
Part VI. Passalide. By Frederick Smith. Pp. 23. With Plate and Index. 1852, 12mo. 8d.
Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 6 Plates 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d. fe
Part IX. Cassididm, By Charles H, Boheman, Professor ¢ ia 7 Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index.] 1856, 12mo. 3s. a
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi. 234. Plate. [With a Top Catalogue and Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s.
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collec | 2 tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A. F.L.S. Pp. xiii, 648. [With Topographical and Alphabetical eq Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d. 4
List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Cucujide, &c. By Frederick Smith. Pp. ii, 25. 1851, 12mo. 6d.
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection of the British Museum, Part I. Lycidw. By Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematie and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16s. ‘
eaeerene of Halticide in the Collection of the British Mu By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes sem. dipodes. Part I, Pp. xii. 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates, Fp 1860, 8vo. 7s,
me
a a ail
ae
ek
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BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9
of Hispide in the Collection of the British Museum. By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9 Piates. {With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.
Hymenopterous Insects.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo.:—
Part I. Andrenidw and Apide. Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853, 2s. 6d.
Part If. Apidw. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s.
Part III. Mutillide and Pompilide. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 1855, 6s.
Part IV. Sphegidex, Larridz, and Crabronide. Pp. 207-497. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 6s.
Part VY. Vespide. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha- betical Index.] 1857, 6s.
Part VI. Formicide. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an Alpha- betical Index.] 1858, 6s.
Part VII. Dorylide and Thynnide. Pp. 76. 3 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s.
Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. [Syste- matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10s.
List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the ‘l'ypical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredinidw and Siricide. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii, 450. 16 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical ladexes.] 1882, 8vo. 1d. 18s.
Dipterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of tlie British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— Part II. Pp. 231-484. 1849, 12mo. 3s. 6d. Part III. Pp. 485-687. 1849, 12mo. 3s. Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts, and an Index of Donors.} 1849, 12mo. 6s. Part VI. Supplement Il. Acroceride and part of the family Asilide. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Pp. ii., 331- 506. 8 Cuts. 1854, 12mo, 3s. Part VII. Supplement III. Asilidw, Pp. ii., 507-775, 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Lepidopterous Insects,
Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum :— Part Ill. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, Pp. xviii., $2. 41-60 coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1879, 4to. 2/. 10s.
U 67966. Ad
10 LIST OF PURRGEZIONS OF THE
Tilustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera, &e.— continued. - Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii, 74. 78-100 Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index, 1881, 4to. 2. 10s. Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv. 89. 101-120 Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index. ] 1886, 4to. 2/. 4s, Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121- 138 Coloured Plates. Systeme List. ] 1889, 4to. 21,
Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. By George Binet Hampson. Pp. iv., 144, — 139-156 Coloured Plates. [Systematic List.] 1891, 4to 2l.
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyride in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, F.L.S., &. Pp. vi, 211. 5 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 80. 5s. 6d. ;
Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, — F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. 6d. 4
Specimen of a Catalogue of Lycenide in the British Museum. By W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 coloured Plates. 1862, 4to. 1d. 1s.
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. __ Part I. Papiliondie. By G.R.Gray, F.L.S. Pp. 106. [Alpha- — betical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo, :—
Part III. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 582-775. 1855. 3s.
Part IV. Pp. 776-976. 1855. 3s.
Part V. Pp. 977-1257. 1855. 4s. Part VI. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855. 3s.6d. Part VII. Pp. 1508-1808, [With
an Alphabetical Index to Parts I.-VII.] 1856. 4s. 6d.
Part XI. Noctuide. Pp. 492-764. 1857. 3s. 6d.
Part XII. ————— Pp. 765-982. 1857. 3s. 6d.
Part XV. ———-— Pp. 1520-1888. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858. 4s. 6d.
Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858, 3s. 6d.
Part XIX. Pyralites. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha- betical Index te Parts XVI--XIX.] 1889. 3s. 6d,
Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-276. 1860. 4s.
Part XXI. Pp. 277-498. 1860, 3s.
Part XXII. —— Pp. 499-755. 1861. 3s. 6d.
Part XXIII. ——_———_ Pp. 756-1020. 1861. 3s. 6d.
Part XXIV. ——-—-——__ Pp. 1021-1280. 1862. 3s. 6d.
Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862. Ba Part XXVI. —— Pp. 1478-1796. [Withan Alpha-
betica! Index to Parts XX.-XXVI.] 1862. 4s. 6d. ? Part XX VII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286. 1863. ae Part XXVIII. ‘Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-56). 1863. 4s,
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BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects, &c.—continued. _ Part XXIX. Tincites. Pp. 562-835. 1864. 4s.
—orxx. — Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha- betical Index to Parts XXVIL-XXX.] 1864. 4s.
Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s.
pee SX. - Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 1865.
Bus MXXTT. ———-—- Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865.
Part XXXIV. ———— Part4. Pp. 1121-1533. -1865, 5s. 6d.
Part XXXV. —— Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040. [With ee eeretionl Index to Parts XXXI.-XXXV.]_ 1866. $s.
Neuropterous Insects.
ue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum :---
Part I. (Phryganides—Perlides.) By Francis Walker. Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 12mo. 2s. 6d.
Part Il. Sialide—Nemopterides. By Francis Walker. Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part Il. Termitide—Kphemeride. By Francis Walker. Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853, 12mo. 1s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. H, Hagen. Part I. ‘Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d,
Orthopterous Insects.
Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Phasmidw. By John Obadiah Westwood, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] 1859, 4to. 31.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Blatiariw in the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &. Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supple- ment to the Blattariw in the Collection of the British Museum. Gryllide. Blattarie. Locustide, By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo, 5s.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collec- tion of the British Museum :— Part IT. Locustide (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d.
12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS or THE
Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria, &e.—contin Part III. Locustide (continued). Acridide. By FE Walker, F.L.S., &. Pp, 425-604. [With an Alph
betical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s. “
Part IV. Acridide (continued). Avs Francis Walker, FL. &e. Pp. 605-809. [With an betical Index.] 18% 8yvo. 6s.
Part V. Tettigide. Supplement to the Catalogue of B tariw ; Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera § toria; and a description of the Geo we Distribut of Dermaptera. By Francis Walker, LS Pp. 81 1
850; 43,116. [With Alphabetical iadereye it 8yo
Hemipterous Insects.
Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in eG lection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L a 8vo.:—
Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867, ds. ‘Part IJ. Seutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867, 4s. Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With wn Alphabetical Index t Parts [., IL, IIL., and Summary of Geographical Distribs tion of the Species mentioned.] 1868, 4s. Gd. Part IV. Pp. 211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871, 8vo. Gs. Part V. Pp. 202. — 1872, 8vo. 5s, Part VI. Fp. 210. 1878, 8vo, 5s, Part VII. Pp. 213. 1873, 8vo. 6s. Part VIII, Pp. 220, —-——-——--—-——-._ 1873, 8vo. 6s. 6d.
Homopterous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Homopterous Inseets in the Collection of thous
British Museum. By Francis Waiker :— a . Part I. Pp. 260. 1850, 12mo. 3s. 6d. ree
Part II. Pp. 261-637. 1851, 12mo. 5s. _
Part IV. Pp. ix., 909-1188. '8 Plates. [Alphabetical Index —
to the four parts. 1852, 12mo. 4s,
Supplement. Pp. ii., 369. [Alphabetical Index.] 1858, I2m0, a
4s, 6d,
VERMES.
Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms, containe in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baird. Pp 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found; and an Index of Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo, 2s. ~
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 18
ANTHOZOA.
Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pennatulariida in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &e. Pp. iv., 40. 2 Woodeuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. 6d.
logue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &. Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodents. 1870, 8vo. 3s.
BRITISH ANIMALS.
Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. xii., 248. List of Species. 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Second Edition. Part I. Andrenide and Apidw. [Catalogue of British Bees. —New Issue. } Pp. xi., 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidw, and Vespide in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. bs.
A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Edin., FRCL. Ed. LL.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &. Pp. 365, Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s.
List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum ; with Synonyma and References to figures. 12mv. :—
Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850, 2nd Edition, 1856, 12mo. 1s. 9d.
Part VII. Mo!lusca, Acephala, and Brachiopoda, By Dr. J.E. Gray. 1851, 12mo. 3s. 6d.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. 1852. 1s.
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera, By Frederick Smith. Pp. ii. 74. 1853, 12mo, 1s. 4d.
Tart XIV. Nomenclature of Netroptera. By Adam White. Pp. ii., 16. 1853, 12mo. 6d.
Part XV. Nomenclature cf Diptera, I. By Adam White. Pp. ii., 42. 1853, 12mo, Is.
PLANTS.
List of British Diatomaceax in the Collection of the British Museum, Ry the Rey. W. Smith, F.L.S., &. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, i2mo. Ls.
a
Pt LIST OF PURLICATIONS OF THE
FOSSILS, % 3
Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Ni History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :—
Part: I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera, ta tivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia, Pp. xxx., 268. — Woodeuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Inde 1885, 8vo. 5s. ‘
Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Ai dactyla. Pp, xxii., 324. 39 Woodeuts. [With Syste and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1885, 8vo. 6s.
Part LIT. Containing the Order Ungulata, eunerders | Pei sodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amb Pp. xvi. 186. 380 Woodeuts. [With § tematic n fn and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, includ: Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s.
Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Prob DOs: cidea. Pp. xxiv., 233. 32 Woodcuts. [With Systemati Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. 5s. Mf
Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Si- renia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and — Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. ’ Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.} 1887, 8vo. 6s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natura Hisiory). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii. 368, 73 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of | Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 10s. 6d.
Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South > Africa in the Collection of the British Museum. By Ri nadie Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &. Pp. xii. 88. 70 Plates. Rae f Tabular view of the Fossiliferous strata of the earth.] 1876, — 4to, 3/1. 3s. .
Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, BA, ~ F.G.S. :— 7
Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia, — Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proterosauri, Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodents. [With Systematic Index” and Alphabetical Index cf Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s.6d.
Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauro] terygia. Pp. xxi, 807. 85 Woodeuts. [With System Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and’ Species including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. ,
Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 28 53 Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index snd Alphabetiea Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms. ] 1889, 8vo. 7s. 6d. a
Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Teaniiata Caudata, and Luebyrinthodoamaey and Supplement. Pp.
=
ITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15
‘a
4¢ of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, &¢,-- continued. xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, habetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species _ tothe entire work.) 1890, 8vo. 7s, 6d.
uc of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :— Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474. 13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and _ Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo. 21s. 2 Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holo- — ——s eephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleo- oo stomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii). Oe Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With Alpha- >" betical Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species. ] a 1891, Svo. 21s. ' = Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and _____ Eocane Mullusea in the British Museum (Natural History), with _--__— references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained _-_ in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the _ Museum. By Richard Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. ___— [With iable of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation- table, Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.
. 3 Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
— if ra
_ (Natural History). By Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. :~- 7 Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, con- sisting of the families Orthoceratidw, Indoceratide, Acti- noceratidw, Gomphoceratide, Ascoceratide, Poterioceratida, Cyrtoceratide, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 , Woodeuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical i oie Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, > 8vo. 10s. 6d. : 7 Part II, Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nauti- aa loidea, consisting of the families Lituitida, 'Trochoceratide, ral Nautilidz, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood- euts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, Svo. lds. A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Wood- __ ward, F-R.S. Pp. xii, 155. [With an Alphabetical Index. ] ___-‘'3877, 8vo. 5s. @atalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the mor- phology and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the “genera and species. (Illustrated by 20 plates, &c.) By Robert Etheridge, jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum ture! History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Se., F.R.S., L.S. (of Eton College). [With a preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Yable of Contents, General Index, Explanation of the Plates, &c. } Pp. xv., 322. 1886, 4to. 25s,
es . +
16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE
Catulogue of the Fossil Sponges in the a ieal tie of dl British Museum (Natural History). With and little-known species. By George J ennings Btinde, re . F.G.S. Pp. viii, 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular List Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphiecal mejeenea an Alphabetical Index.] 18838, 4to. 1. 10s.
Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum (Nata History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., &. Pp. x: 100, [ With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes. ] 1882, 8v0. 5s
Catalogue of the Paleozoic Plants in the Department of Gee and Paleontology, British Museum (Natural History). Robert Kidston, F.G.S, Pp. viii, 288. [With a list of w quoted, and an Index.] 1886, 8vo. 4s.
GUIDE-BOOKS. (To be obtained only at the Museum.) a,
A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural History), Crom- well Road, London, S.W. [By W. H. Flower.] With 2 Plans, 2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 74. 1891, 8vo. 3d. ‘
Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteologiaall Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 8rd Edition. Pp. 125, 57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1887, 8yvo. 4d.
A Guide to the Gould Collection of Hamming Birds, British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition. Pp. 22, With Map showing the distribution of umming Birds. 1889, 8yo. 2d.
Guide to the Gallery of Reptilia in the Department of Zaclgy Om -the British Museum (Natural History}. [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. 30. 22 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1886, 8vo. 2d.
Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of — Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History), [By A. © Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp, iv., 119. 101 Woodcuts oat sit Plan. Index. 1888, 8vo. 6d.
Guide to the Shell and Starfish Gaileries (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv., 4. 7 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, 8vo. 4d. =
A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Gcolog and Paleontology in the British Museum (Natural Historgil Cromwell Road, London, 8.W. [By Henry Woodward. Edition. |— os
Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp, xii., 103, es = Woodeuts and 1 Plan. 1890, 8vo. 6d.
Part II, Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates, Pp. xii 109. 94 Woodcuts and | Plan, 1890, 8vo. 6d.
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Be eontology, British Museum (Natural Hi
ll Road, South Kensington. [By Henry rei ua Sind Py $1. 81 Woodeuts. Index. 1888, 8vo. 4d
© the Mineral Gallery of the Brijish Museum (Natural ‘[By L. Fletcher.]" Pp. 32. Plan, 1889, 8vo. 1d.
n to the Study of Minerals, with a Bo Fos ese ery of the British Museum (Natural Histor
of the Mineral Gallery. Index. 1889, 8vo. 6d.
Stu na “ee Collection of Minerals, ge not ti nral History ew Edition. Pp. 27. With a plan o _ te
inera! “eggs 1890, 8vo. 2d.
Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the
rites _ represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.] ith a Pl of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the teorites represented in the Collection.] Pp.91, 1890, 8vo. 3d.
W. H. FLOWER, Director,
ITISE MUSEUM (NATURAL uIstuRY). 17 | e Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of
SW. [By L. Fletecher.] Pp. 120. Seton 2
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Lonpown: Printed by Ex re and Seon Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent
For Her Majesty’s Stationery Offic [7144.—3000 & 250.—8/91.]
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Catalogue of the snakes vol.l
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