IRLF

BflMBflHHI|

WILLIAM DILLER MATTHEW

PRESENTED

BY

The Trustees

OF

THE BRITISH MUSEUM

CATALOGUE

OP THE

UNGULATE MAMMALS

IN THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

VOL. III.

* . * * • ' •' **»•'*•**

ARTIODACTYLA,

FAMILIES BOVID^,
SUBFAMILIES ^EPYCEROTINJE TO TRAGELAPHIN^E

(PALA, SAIGA, GAZELLES, ORYX GROUP, BUSHBUCKS,
KUDUS, ELANDS, ETC.),

ANTILOCAPKLD^E (PRONGBUCK), AND
GIRAFFID^ (GIRAFFES AND OKAPI).

By R. LYDEKKER, F.R.S.,

ASSISTED BY

GILBERT ELAINE.

LONDON :

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.

SOLD BY

LONGMANS, GREEN & Co., 39, PATERNOSTER Row, E.G.

B. QUARITCH, 11, GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET, W.

DULAU & Co., LTD., 37, SOHO SQUARE, W.

AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.

1914.

(All rights reserved.)

EARTH

SCIENCES

LIBRARY

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PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
DUKE STREET, STAMFORD STREET, S.E., AND GREAT WINDMILL STREET,

PREFACE

THE third Volume of the Catalogue of Ungulate Mammals
includes the subfamilies ^Epycerotinae, Saiginse, Pantho-
lopinse, Antilopinee, Oryginae and Tragelaphinse, and thus
completes the Bovidse, while It contains also an account
of the Antilocapridae and Giraffidse. Like its predecessors,
it has been prepared by Mr. E. Lydekker, who has
received much assistance, as in the case of Volume II., from
Mr. Gilbert Elaine.

A fourth Volume of this Catalogue is in preparation, which
it is hoped will include the remainder of the Artiodactyla.

SIDNEY F. HAEMEK,

Keeper of Zoology.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY),
LONDON, S.W.
June 6, 1914.

808431 « 2

VI INTRODUCTION

Society's copy is mainly followed ; in the present volume
that of the Museum copy is quoted.

Thanks are again due to the Council of the Zoological
Society, as well as to the Smithsonian Institute, Messrs.
Eowland Ward, and various friends, for cliches of published
figures or of photographs.

May 10th, 1914.

CONTENTS

PAGK

PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . iii

INTRODUCTION ......... v

ORDER UNGULATA.

SUBORDER I. — ARTIODACTYLA.
SECTION A. — PECORA.

FAMILY I. BOVID.E . 1

SUBFAMILY UNCERTAIN ....... 2

GENUS AMMODORCAS ....... 2

AMMODORCAS CLARKEI ...... 3

SUBFAMILY xi. — ^PYCEROTINJE ..... 4

GENUS ^EPYCEROS ....... 5

^EPYCEROS MELAMPUS ...... 5

A. — ^Epyceros melampus melampus ... 8

B. — ^Epyceros melampus johnstoni ... 9

C. — ^Epyceros melampus katangae ... 10

D. — ^Epyceros melampus suara ... 10

E. — jEpyceros melampus rendilis ... 11

F. — ^Epyceros melampus petersi ... 12

SUBFAMILY xii. — SAIGIN.E . . . . . . .12

GENUS SAIGA . . . . . . .13

SAIGA TATARICA ....... 13

SUBFAMILY xiii. — PANTHOLOPINJE ..... 17

GENUS PANTHOLOPS ....... 18

PANTHOLOPS HODGSONI ...... 18

SUBFAMILY xiv. — ANTILOPIN^E ..... 21

I. GENUS ANTILOPE 22

ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA ...... 23

II. GENUS GAZELLA 28

1. SUBGENUS PROCAPRA ...... 29

I. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) PICTICAUDATA . . 30

viii CONTENTS

PAGE

II. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) PRZEWALSKII . .32

III. GAZELLA (PROCAPRA) GTJTTDROSA ... 34
A. — Gazella gutturosa gutturosa ... 37
B. — Gazella gutturosa altaica .... 39

2. SUBGENUS GAZELLA ...... 40

IV. GAZELLA SUBGUTTUROSA . . . .42
A. — Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa . . 44
B.— Gazella subgutturosa sairensis ... 45

V. GAZELLA YARKANDENSIS .... 46

VI. GAZELLA SEISTANICA ..... 47

VII. GAZELLA FUSCIFRONS ..... 49

VIII. GAZELLA BENNETTI . . . . . 50

IX. GAZELLA CUVIERI ..... 54

X. GAZELLA GAZELLA ..... 55

XI. GAZELLA ARABICA . . . . .57

A. — Gazella arabica arabica .... 59

B. — Gazella arabica erlangeri . . .59

C. — Gazella arabica rueppelli .... 59

XII. GAZELLA MUSCATENSIS ..... 60

XIII. GAZELLA MARICA ...... 60

XIV. GAZELLA RUFIFRONS ..... 61
A. — Gazella rufifrons rufifrons. ... 63
B. — Gazella rufifrons laevipes .... 64
C. — Gazella rufifrons hasleri .... 65
D. — Gazella rufifrons kanuri .... 65
E. — Gazella rufifrons centralis. ... 66

XV. GAZELLA RUFINA ...... 66

XVI. GAZELLA LEPTOCEROS ..... 67

A. — Gazella leptoceros leptoceros ... 69

B, — Gazella leptoceros loderi .... 69

XVII. GAZELLA DORCAS ...... 70

A. — Gazella dorcas dorcas .... 73

B. — Gazella dorcas Isabella .... 75

XVIII. GAZELLA LITTORALIS ; . . . • . 76

A. — Gazella littoralis littoralis. . ' . .77

B. — Gazella littoralis osiris .... 78

XIX. GAZELLA PELZELNI ..... 78

XX. GAZELLA SPEKEI 80

XXI. GAZELLA TILONURA 81

CONTENTS ix

PAGE

XXII. GAZELLA ALBONOTATA ..... 82

XXIII. GAZELLA THOMSONI ..... 83
3. SUBGENUS NANGER 85

XXIV. GAZELLA (NANGER) GRANTI .... 86
A. — Gazella grant! grant! .... 88
B. — Gazella grant! roosevelti .... 90
C. — Gazella grant! robertsi .... 91
D. — Gazella grant! lacuum .... 92
E. — Gazella grant! raineyi .... 92
F. — Gazella grant! bright! .... 93
G. — Gazella grant! notata .... 93
H. — Gazella grant! serengetae .... 94
I. — Gazella grant! peters! .... 95

XXV. GAZELLA (NANGER) SOEMMERRINGI. . . 96

A. — Gazella soemmerringi soemrnerringi . 98

B. — Gazella soemmerringi erlangeri ... 99

C. — Gazella soemmerringi sibyllae . . . 100

D. — Gazella soemmerringi casanovse . . 100

E. — Gazella soemmerringi berberana . . 100

F. — Gazella soemmerringi butter! . . . 101

XXVI. GAZELLA (NANGER) DAMA .... 102

A. — Gazella dama dama ..... 104

B. — Gazella dama mhorr ..... 104

C. — Gazella dama permista .... 106

D. — Gazella dama ruficollis .... 106

III. GENUS ANTIDORCAS ...... 109

ANTIDORCAS MARSUPIALIS ..... 109

A. — Antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis . .111

B. — Antidorcas marsupialis centralis . . 112

IV. (zENUS LlTHOCRANIUS. ..... 113

LlTHOCRANIUS WALLERI ...... 114

A. — Lithocranius waller! waller! . . . 115

B. — Lithocranius walleri sclateri . . . 116

SUBFAMILY xv. — ORYGIN^: ...... 117

I. GENUS ORYX . . . . . . .118

I. ORYX GAZELLA ...... 119

II. ORYX BEISA 122

A. — Oryx beisa beisa ..... 123
B. — Oryx beisa gallarum . . . . .124

C, — Oryx beisa annectens .... 125

D.— Oryx beisa callotis 125

xii CONTENTS

PAGE

V. GENUS TETRACERUS 220

TETRACERUS QUADRICORNIS ..... 220

VI. GENUS BOSELAPHUS ...... 224

BOSELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS ..... 225

FAMILY II. ANTILOCAPRID^E ...... 229

GENUS ANTILOCAPRA ...... 230

ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA ..... 230

A. — Antilocapra americana americana . . 232

B. — Antilocapra americana mexicana . . 234

C. — Antilocapra americana peninsularis . . 234

FAMILY III. GIRAFFIDJE ....... 234

I. GENUS GIRAFFA 236

I. GIRAFFA RETICULATA ..... 236

A. — Giraffa reticulata reticulata . . . 238

B. — Giraffa reticulata nigrescens . . . 239

II. GIRAFFA CAMELOPARDALIS .... 240

A. — Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis . 242

B. — Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum . . 244

C. — Giraffa camelopardalis peralta . . . 246

D. — Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni . . . 247

E. — Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi . . 248

F. — Giraffa camelopardalis, subsp. . . . 250

G. — Giraffa camelopardalis, subsp. . . . 251

H. — Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi . . 251

I. — Girafla camelopardalis thornicrofti . . 252

J. — Giraffa camelopardalis congoensis . . 253

K. — Giraffa camelopardalis infumata . . 253

L. — Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis . . 254

M. — Giraffa camelopardalis wardi . . . 255

N. — Giraffa camelopardalis capensis . . 256

II. GENUS OKAPIA 258

OKAPIA JOHNSTONI . 258

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Head and Neck of Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis

rothschildi) ......... xvi

Fig. 1. — Head of Dibatag (Ammodorcas clarkei). (From

Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891) .... 4

,, 2. — Head of Pala (JEpyceros melampus) .... 7

,, 3. — The Saiga (Saiga tatarica) . 15

,, 4. — Head of Chiru (Pantliolops hodgsoni) ... 20

,, 5. — Skull and Horns of Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) . 25
,, 6. — Head of Przewalski's Gazelle (Gazella [Procapra']
przewalskii), in Winter-coat. (From a photograph
lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen) .... 33

,, 7. — Head of Zeren or Mongolian Gazelle (Gazella [Pro-
capra] gutturosa), in Winter-coat. (From a photo-
graph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen) ... 36
,, 8. — Altai Zeren Gazelle (Gazella [Procapra] gutturosa

altaica) in Summer-coat ..... 38

,, 9. — Front and Side Views of Skull and Horns of Altai
Zeren Gazelle (Gazella [Procapra] gutturosa altaica) .
(From Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. 1913) . 39
,, 10. — Sistan Gazelle (Gazella seistanica). (From a photo-
graph by Lieut.-Col. Kennion) . . . .48

,, 11. — Head and Neck of Kennion's Gazelle (Gazella fusci-

frons). (From Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911) . 50
,, 12. — Head of Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennetti) ... 53
,, 13. — Skull and Horns of Palestine Gazelle (Gazella gazella).

(From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904) ... 56
,, 14. — Skull and Horns of Ked Gazelle (Gazella rufina).

(From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894) ... 67
,, 15. — Skull and Horns of Rhim or Loder's Gazelle (Gazella
leptoceros loderi). (From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1894) .70

,, 16. — Head and Neck of Dorcas Gazelle (Gazella dorcas).

(From Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911) ... 74
„ 17.— Head of Grant's Gazelle (Gazella granti) ... 87
,, 18. — Skull and Horns of Usagara Race of Grant's Gazelle
(Gazella granti robertsi). (From Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1903) . 91

XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Fig. 19. — Head of Soemmerring's Gazelle (Gazella soemmerringi) 99
„ 20.— Head of Bed-necked Gazelle (Gazella dama ruficollis). 108
., 21. — Head of Deelfontein Springbuck (Antidorcas marsu-

pialis centralis} . . . . . . .112

,, 22. — Head of Gerenuk (Lithocranius walleri) . . . 114
,, 23. — Head of Eastern Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger

roosevelti) . . . . ... . . 145

,, 24. — Horns of Addax (Addax nasomaculatus). (From a

photograph lent by Messrs. Eowland Ward, Ltd.) . 148
,, 25. — Skull and Horns of Nyala (Tragelaphus angasi). (From

a photograph lent by Messus. Eowland Ward, Ltd.) 181
,, 26. — Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) . . . 183
,, 27. — Skull and Horns of Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus
buxtoni). (From a photograph lent by Messrs.
Eowland Ward, Ltd.) . . . . .184

,, 28. — Head of Zambesi Situtunga (Tragelaphus [Limno-

tragus] speJcei selousi) . . , . . . 190

,, 29. — Skull and Horns (A), and Frontlet and Horns (B) of

Lesser Kudu (Strepsiceros imberbis) . . . 193
,, 30. — Skull and Horns of Kudu (Strepsiceros strepsiceros) . 199
„ 31. — Head of Bongo (Bob'cercus eurycerus) . . . 204
,, 32. — Skulls and Horns of Male (A) and Female (B) Bongo
(Boocercus eurycerus), from Sierra Leone. (From
photographs lent by Mr. W. T. Cross) . . . 206
„ 33. — Head of Laikipia Eland (Taurotragus oryx patterson-
ianus). (From Lydekker, Novitates Zoologicce,

1907) 215

„ 34.— Head of Sudani Eace of Lord Derby's Eland (Tauro-
tragus oryx gig as). (From Eothschild, Novitates

Zoologies 1905) 218

,, 35. — Skull and Horns of Four -horned Antelope (Tetracerus

quadricornis) ....... 223

,, 36. — Head of Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) . . . 228
,, 37. — Head of Pronghorn or Prongbuck (Antilocapra ameri-

cana) ......... 233

„ 38.— Lower Front Teeth of Elk (^4) and Giraffe (B), to show

the difference in the form of the canine . . . 235
„ 39.— Skull of Netted Giraffe (Giraffa reticulata). (From

de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907) . . . .237

,, 40. — Head and Neck of Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopar-
dalis rothschildi), A, and of Netted Giraffe (Giraffa

reticulata), B . 239

, , 41 . — Nubian Giraffe ( Giraffa catnelopardalis camelopardalis) 243
„ 42. — Kordofan Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis antiquorum) 245

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XV

PAGE

Fig. 43. — Skull of Toposa Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni).

a, Azygous orbital " horn " . . . . . 247

,, 44. — Baringo Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) . 249
,, 45. — Head and Neck of Toposa Giraffe (Giraffa camelo-
pardalis cottoni), A, and of North Transvaal Giraffe
(Giraffa camelopardalis wardi), B . . . 255

,, 46. — Skull of Southern Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis

capensis). (de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897) . 257
„ 47.— Frontal View of Skull of Male Okapi (OJcapia johnstoni) 260
„ 48.— Frontal View of Skull of Female Okapi (OJcapia

johnstoni) ........ 261

„ 49.— The Okapi (OJcapia johnstoni) . . . . . 262

,, 50. — Side View of Skull and Anterior Cervical Vertebrae of

Okapi (OJcapia johnstoni) ..... 263

HEAD AND NECK OP BAKINGO GIRAFFE
(Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi).

CATALOGUE

OF

UNGULATE S.

VOL. III.

FAMILY BOVID^E (concluded).

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME.

c. Horns (when twisted) heteronymous (vol. ii, p. 1).

a. Horns absent in females ; feet without

deep interdigital clefts ; molars
caprine.
a'. A pair of glands on lower ends of hind-

shanks ; nose normal JEpycerotince, p. 4.

b'. No glands on lower ends of hind-
shanks ; nose abnormal.
a". Nose trunk-like, with downwardly
directed nostrils ; typically
three pairs of upper and two

of lower premolars Saigince, p. 12.

b". Nose slightly bent down and
laterally inflated, with for-
wardly directed nostrils ; two
pairs of premolars Pantholopince, p. 17.

b. Horns present or absent in females;

when present in both sexes, not
spike-like in males.

a' . Feet with deep interdigital clefts ;
molars caprine ; tail short or

medium; foot-glands present Antilopiwe, p. 21.

b' . Feet without deep interdigital clefts ;
molars semi-bovine ; tail medium
or long; foot-glands wanting Tragelaphince,p. 150.

c. Horns present in both sexes.

Feet without deep interdigital clefts ;
molars semi-bovine ; tail long ;
foot-glands present Orygince, p. 117.

III. B

2 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

SUBFAMILY UNCERTAIN.
Genus AMMODORC AS.

Ammoctorcas, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 216, 1898 ; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, pp. 897 and 917.

EEPRESENTED by a single species, of the approximate
stature of the medium-sized gazelles. General form some-
what gazelle-like, but neck slender and elongated, horns
(which a*e absent in female) curving backwards and then
forwards, much-% the fashion of those of a reedbuck, and
i ',''» ;iarl 'loagy /reaching nearly to hocks; muzzle hairy; face-
glands present and gazelle-like; foot-glands and inguinal
glands apparently wanting ; two pairs of teats ; knees with
small glandular tufts ; lateral hoofs small ; tail medium.
Skull of a gazelle-like type, with shallow lachrymal depres-
sions, and the premaxillse reaching the nasals ; the normal
three pairs of premolars in each jaw, of which the first are
usually small.

Kestricted to Somaliland.

In regard to the affinities of this genus, Pocock, after
referring to his examination of certain dried skins, proceeds
to remark that "superficially the feet showed no signs of
pedal glands. Certainly there were none such as exist in
the Antilopince ; and I judged that the feet resembled those
of ^Epyceros or Kdbus. Also there were two pairs of well-
developed teats, and, I could find no evidence of inguinal
glands. These features, coupled with the long ' bovine ' tail,
and the shape and direction of the horns, which are more
cervicaprine [reduncine] tban gazelline, should exclude
the genus from the Antilopince. On the other hand, the
preorbital glands appear to be like those of Gazella, and the
muzzle is hairy, as in that genus. The skull is also very
gazelline.

" These cross-resemblances make Ammodorcas extremely
difficult to classify. It has been described as intermediate
between Gazella and Lithocranius. This is true of the
length of the neck, the structure of the upper lip, and some
characters connected with the skull. On the other hand, in

A.MMODOKCAS 3

the structure of the feet, horns, and tail the genus is less
gazelline than Lithocranius."

AMMODORCAS CLARKE I.

Cervicapra clarkei, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. vii,
p. 304, 1891.

Ammodorcas clarkei, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207, pis. xxi
and xxii ; Sclater, ibid. 1892, pp. 101 and 118 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 128, 1892, ed. 6, p. 277, 1910, ed. 7, p. 244, 1914 ;
LydekJcer, Horns and Hoofs, p. 240, 1893, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 368, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 271, 1908;
Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 318, Seventeen Trips to
Somaliland, p. 310, 1895 ; Hoyos, Zu den Aulikan, p. 181, 1895 ;
Elliot, Zool. Publ. Field Mus. vol. i, p. 124, 1897, Cat. Mamm.
Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 79, 1907 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 219, pi. Ixxiii, 1898 ;
Clarice, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 368, 1899 ; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 917 ; Dralce-BrocJcman, Mammals of
Somali, p. 83, 1910.

DlBATAG.

Typical locality, Buroa Wells, East Central Somaliland.

Shoulder-height about 31 inches. General colour dark
purplish rufous or cinnamon ; face with a pair of gazelle-like
white streaks, continuous posteriorly with a whitish area
round eyes and ears, median dark streak rich fulvous
rufous, lateral dark facial streaks ill-defined ; backs of ears
dull whitish; chin and under surface of jaw, under-parts,
backs of hams, and inner sides of upper portion of limbs
white ; shanks fulvous ; tail, which has a small tuft, blackish
above and below. Basal length of skull 7J inches. Good
horns measure from 11 to about 12 J (in one instance 13)
inches in length, with a girth of from 4£ to 5J, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 2J to 5£ inches.

91. 5. 7. 1. Skull, with horns, and .head-skin, Buroa
Wells, East Central Somaliland. Type.

Presented ly T. W. H. Clarke, Esq., 1891.

91. 12. 19. 4. Skin, mounted, and skull. Habr-Tojal,
near Buroa Wells. Same history.

91. 12. 19. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin (in bad
condition). Same locality. Same history.

91. 12. 19. 6-7. Two skulls and skins (in bad condition),
female. Same locality. Same history.

B 2

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

91. 12. 3. 5. Skull, with horns. Near Bur-Dap Mts.,
Somaliland. Noticed in Book of Antelopes, vol. lii, p. 226.

Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1891.

86. 1. 25. 7. Skin. Somaliland ; collected by Herr J.
Menges. Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.

pIG. i. — HEAD OP DIBATAG (Ammodorcas clarkei).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891.

96. 10. 6. 2. Skeleton and skin, female. Darror Wells,
Somali Haud. Book of Antelopes, loc. cit.

Presented ly Ford G. Barclay, Esq., 1896.

96. 10. 6. 3. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Same
locality. Same history.

SUBFAMILY xi.—

Kepresented by a single genus, with one (or possibly two)
species of relatively large size. Horns (absent in female)
medium or rather long, heteronymous, broadly lyrate, ridged
in front, and slightly compressed ; tail of medium length and

5

slender ; nose normal ; muzzle hairy ; no face-glands or foot-
glands (at least in fore-limbs), but, according to Owen,
inguinal glands present ; teats two ; a pair of black-tufted
glands on hind surface of lower part of hind-shanks, but no
glandular tufts on knees ; lateral hoofs wanting ; feet similar
in structure to those of most of the Redundnce, but the
membrane between the hoofs clothed with short hairs ; tail
medium. Skull without supraorbital pits or lachrymal
depressions, but with small lachrymal vacuities ; three pairs
of lower pre molars.

Eange same as that of genus.

Genus ^PYCEROS.

^Epyceros, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 271, 1847 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 15, 1897 ;

PococJf, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 918.
^Epyceras, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.

vol. viii) p. 71, 1907.

Characters those of the subfamily.

The range extends from Little Namaqualand, just south
of the Orange Eiver, and Bechuanaland as far north as
Angola on the western, and British East Africa and, it is
said, the Dafur district of the southern Sudan on the eastern
side of the continent.

^PYCEEOS MELAMPUS.

Antilope melampus, Lichtenstein, Reise, vol. ii, p. 544, pi. iv, 1812,
Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 167, 1814 ; Goldfuss, Schreber's
Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1224, pi. cclxxiv, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier's
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 388, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 405,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 7, pi. vi, 1848 ; Desmarest, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 456, 1822 ; Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. ii,
p. 301, 1824, List Mamm. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825 ;
H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv. p. 219, vol. v,
p. 334, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 374, 1827, Nouv. Tabl.
Regne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 462, 1829 ; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 74, 1832 ; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 209, 1834 ; Jardine, Naturalist's
Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 217, pi. xxix, 1835 ; Owen, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Harris,
Wild Anim. S. Africa, p. 78, pi. xv, 1840 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci.
Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 616, 1841 ; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 162, 1843, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit.

6 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Mus. p. 57, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850; Wagner,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 417, 1844, vol. v, p. 409,
1855; Peters, Eeise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth. p. 190, 1852;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 190, 1853 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere,
p. 318, 1853-55; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 426,
1875; Brehm, Thierleben. Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 203, 1880;
Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 477, 1887.

Antilope pallah, Gervais (ex Cuv.) Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840.

^Epyceros melampus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,
p. 271, 1847 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 65, 1852, Cat. Euminants Brit. Mus. p. 42, 1872,
Hand-List Euminants Brit. Mus. p. 112, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 234, 1862 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 171, 1863 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p. 101, 1893, p. 728; Kirk, ibid. 1864, p. 656; Heuglin and
Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. liv, pt. 1, p. 590, 1866 ;
Fitzinger, ibid. vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 157, 1869; Buckley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1876, pp. 283 and 291, 1897, p. 454 ; Heuglin, Eeise Nordost-
Afrika, vol. ii, p. 103, 1877 ; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,
p. 757, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 216, 1881;
Pagenstecher, Jahrb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ii, p. 40, 1884 ; Flower
and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 272, 1884 ;
Johnston, Kilimanjaro, pp. 218 and 324, 1886 ; Noack, Zool.
Jahrb., Syst. vol. ii, p. 206, 1887 ; Jentink, Notes Ley den Mus.
vol. ix, p. 173, 1887, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 138, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)
p. 170, 1892 ; Hunter, Willoughby's E. Africa, p. 288, 1889 ;
Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 604 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 169, 1891, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 203, 1900; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals,
p. 341, 1891 ; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, p. 99, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 226, 1910, ed. 7, p. 226, 1914; Nicolls and Eglington,
Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 41, 1892; True, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. vol. xv, p. 472, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 229, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 323, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 239, 1908 ; Barkley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1894, p. 132; Thomas, ibid. 1894, p. 145; Jackson, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, pp. 285 and 306,
1894 ; Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 61,
1894; Eendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 359; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 17, pi. xlviii, 1897 ;
Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 323, 1899 ;
A. H. Neumann, ibid. p. 327 ; Powell- Cotton, Unknown Africa,
p. 572, 1904; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, 918; Letcher,
Big Game N. E. Ehodesia, p. 185, 1911.

-<Epyceras melampus, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 72, 1907.

PALA, PALLA, or IMPALA.

Typical locality Klipfontein, Little Namaqualand, S. E.
Africa.

Height at withers about 39 inches ; general colour bright
reddish brown, or bay, becoming paler on flanks ; head dark

fawn, with or without a blackish face-blaze, a dark mark in
front of eye on sides of face, or a black patch on crown ; a
streak above eye, chin and under surface of jaw, upper part
of throat, and under-parts white ; ears medium, with the
backs fawn, and the terminal third black ; a light ring above

FIG. 2. — HEAD OF PALA (dEpyceros melampus).

hoofs on each pastern, a pair of black glandular tufts on
lower end of posterior surface of hind-shanks, and a black
line on upper surface of tail, extending more or less on to
loins. Average basal length of skull about 10J inches.
Horns vary in length locally from about 18 to as much as
30 or even 31 inches, measured along the curve, and from
about 14 to 24 or even 25J inches in a straight line.

8 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Eange co-extensive with that of the genus.

The following races have been named, but some of these
are very closely related, and so imperfectly defined, that a
complete " key " cannot yet be drawn up : —

A. No dark blaze on lower part of face.

a. Horns medium ; generally from about 18 to

20 inches in a straight line; colour duller... M. m. melampus.
6. Horns very small, frequently not more than

14 inches in a straight line JE. m. johnstoni.

c. Horns still smaller JE. m. Jcatangce.

d. Horns very large, attaining in some cases a

length of from 23 to 25 inches in a straight
line ; colour redder ; faint dark marks near
eye M. m. suara.

e. Larger than last, colour darker; no dark

eye-marks M. m. rendilis.

B. A dark blaze on lower part of face ^E. m. petersi.

A.— ^pyceros melampus melampus.

jEpyceros melampus typicus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 553 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 227, 1910.

Typical locality Klipfontein, Little Namaqualand, just
south of the Orange Eiver, which apparently marks the
southern limit of the species.

Horns apparently medium in size ; no blaze or other
dark markings on face. Basicranial length about 10 J inches
(260 mm.).

How far north this race extends has not been determined,
and the reference to it of some of the undermentioned
specimens is consequently provisional.

619, a. Frontlet and horns, Lataku, Bechuanaland.
This and another specimen from the same donor were the
first examples of the species received at the Museum, and
probably in England. The animal to which they belonged
was shot in 1812. Presented ~by Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

38. 6. 9. 102. Skin, immature. South Africa ; collected
by Sir Andrew Smith, probably in the Western Transvaal or
Griqualand. Purchased, 1838.

42. 12. 6. 1. Skin, female. South Africa.

Presented ty the Earl of Derby,. 1842.

57. 4. 28. 76. Skin, mounted. South Africa ; collected
by Dr. Smuts. Purchased, 1857.

^EPYCEROTIN^K 9

57. 4. 28. 77. Skin, mounted. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

50. 8. 22-23. Two pairs of horns. South Africa.

Purchased (Argent), 1850.
59. 8. 17. 1. Skull, with horns. South Africa.

Purchased (Stevens), 1859.

89. 2. 4. 4. Frontlet and horns, immature. Swaziland.
Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

B.— ^pyceros melampus johnstoni.

JSpyceros melampus johnstoni, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 553 ;

Lonnberg, Rev. Zool. Africaine, vol. iii, p. 273, 1913.
(?) jEpyceros melampus holubi, Lorenz, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix,

Notizen, p. 62, 1894 ; Lonnberg, Eev. Zool. Africaine, vol. iii,

p. 278, 1913.

Distinguished from typical race by the shorter horns and
more slender skull. Lonnberg, op. cit., considers that holubi,
from the district north of the Zambesi, is probably insepar-
able from this race.

Typical locality Nyasaland.

In The Book of Antelopes Sclater and Thomas came to the
conclusion that the Nyasa pala was inseparable from the
typical race of the species, but it seems entitled to rank as a
distinguishable form. The length of the horns of the type
specimen, measured in a straight line is 13J inches ; basi-
cranial length about 10-j-^- inches (255 mm.).

92. 8. 1. 64. Head, mounted, body -skin, and skull.
Zomba, Nyasaland ; collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Type.

Presented ~by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1892.

92. 8. 1. 65. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

93. 7. 9. 23-24. Two skulls, with horns. Shire
Highlands. Same donor, 1893.

97. 10. 1. 294. Skin, female. Zomba; collected by
Mr. Carson. Same donor, 1897.

93. 7. 25. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, provisionally
referred to this race. Lake Mweru, N. W. Rhodesia;
collected by R. Crawshay, Esq. Letcher writes that the
Rhodesian pala carries much smaller horns than its

10 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

East African representative, from 18 to 20 inches along the
curve being a good measurement. Same donor, 1893.

8. 4. 3. 93. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin
separate). Tette, Zambesia ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.
Probably represents the so-called holuU.

Presented by C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1908.

C.— .Epyeeros melampus katang-ae.

^Epyceros melampus katangse, Lonriberg, Rev. Zool. Africaine,
vol. iii, p. 276, 1913.

Typical locality Katanga, Belgian Congo.

Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, near Brussels.

Still smaller than the preceding race, and, in fact, the
smallest of the whole group, the basicranial length being
only about 9£ inches (240 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

D.— ^pyceros melampus suara.

Strepsiceros suara, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.nat. Freunde, 1892, p. 135,
partim.

^Epyceros suara, Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, p. 129, 1895.

^Epyceros melampus suara, Lonriberg, Sjostedfs Kilimandjaro-Meru
Exped., Mamm. p. 44, 1908, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol.
xlviii, no. 5, p. 164, 1910 ; Roosevelt, African Game Trails,
p. 487, 1910.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district, German East Africa.

Type apparently in Berlin Museum.

Size relatively small ; general colour rufous — " dead leaf" ;
an ill-defined blackish patch below and in front of each eye ;
face bright rufous ; backs of ears dark fawn ; nasals short
and narrow.

92. 10. 18. 2. Skin, mounted. Kilimanjaro; collected
by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G. Topo-type.

Purchased (Ward), 1892.

.KI'YCEROTIN^ 11

E. — £!pyeeros melampus rendilis.

^Epyceros melampus rendilis, Lonnberg, K. SvensTca Vet.-Ak. Handl.
vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 164, 1912.

Typical locality north of Guaso-nyiro, British East Africa.

Type in Eoyal Swedish Museum of Natural History.

Larger and darker than suara, with the general colour
fawn, darkening into madder-brown on back ; no patch in
front of eyes ; face with a dusky suffusion ; backs of ears
buff ; and nasals longer and wider. Fine horns measure from
22 to 25 or 25J inches in a straight line, and from 28 to 31
or 31f along the curve, with a basal girth of from 5J to 6|,
and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 9| to 27-J- inches.

63. 7. 7. 13. Skull, with horns, and skin (imperfect),
immature. IJzaramo, East Africa.

Presented ly Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.

94. 5. 4. 1. Head, mounted. Near Lake Elmenteita,

B. E. Africa. Presented ly

Lieut.-Col. Sir F. D. Lugard, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1894.

96. 11. 23. 3. Skin, mounted, female. Near Lake
Naivasha, B. E. Africa ; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson,
K.C.M.G. Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1896.

98. 7. 2. 14-15. Two skulls, with horns. N. E. Africa.
Presented ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1894.

1. 8. 9. 80. Skull, with horns. Near Lake Naivasha.

Presented lij Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901.

1. 8. 9. 81. Frontlet and horns. Near Lake Baringo,
N. W. Ehodesia, Same history.

4. 5. 5. 4. Skin. Near Lake Elmenteita.

Presented ly C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1904.

4. 7. 2. 3. Head, mounted. N. E. Africa.

Bequeathed ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

5. 4. 3. 32-33. Two skulls, with horns. South-west
Ankoli, Uganda ; collected by Mr. W. G. Doggett.

Presented ly Lieut.-Col C. Delme-Radcliffe, 1905.
5. 4. 3. 34. Skull, female. Same locality and collector.

Same history.
7. 11. 28. 2. Skin. Lualaba Valley, Congo.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

12 CATALOGUE, OF UNGULATES

F. — ^pyceros melampus petersi.

^Ipyceros petersi, Bocage, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 741 ; Huet, Bull.

Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 479 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890,

p. 460 ; Flower and LydeMer, Study of Mammals, p. 341, 1891 ;

Lydeklcer, Horns and Hoofs, p. 231, 1893, Great and Small Game

of Africa, p. 323, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 244, 1908 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 25, 1897 ;

W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 207, 1900.
^Epyceras petersi, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.

Pub. vol. viii) p. 79, 1907.
J3pyceros melampus petersi, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 229, 1910.

Typical locality Angola.

Distinguished from typical race by the presence of a
blackish brown blaze on middle of lower part of muzzle.

98. 3. 20. 2. Skin, mounted, and skull. Membo Valley,
Angola ; collected by G. W. Penrice, Esq.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1898.

98. 3. 20. 3. Skull and skin, female. Coporole Valley,
Angola ; same collector. Same history.

5. 1. 11. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South Cuneni
Valley, on Damara border of Angola.

Presented ly Capt. B. A. Cunningham, 1905.

SUBFAMILY xii. — SAIGIN^E.

Eepresented by a single medium-sized and heavily built
existing species. Horns (absent in females) of medium
length, heteronymous, somewhat irregularly lyrate, heavily
ridged, and (unlike those of all other antelopes) amber-
coloured or whitish ; tail short ; nose inflated and prolonged
into a kind of downwardly bent proboscis, with the nostrils
opening downwards ; muzzle hairy ; small face-glands ; glands
in all four feet, comparable in structure, according to Pocock,
to those of a sheep rather than to those of a gazelle ; a pair
of small inguinal glands, placed close to the teats, which are
four in number ; a pair of tufted knee-glands ; lateral hoofs
present ; foot-structure not fully known ; tail short. Skull
with short premaxillse and nasals, a large and vaulted nasal
aperture, small supraorbital pits, shallow lachrymal depres-
sions, but no lachrymal vacuities ; two pairs of lower and

SAIGIN.E 13

three of upper premolars in the adult of the existing species>
but apparently three lower pairs in the extinct European
Pleistocene S. prisca*

The range of the single living species of the subfamily
during the historic period included the steppes of south-
eastern Europe and north-western Asia, from those between
the Volga and Ural through the government of Samara, and
thence eastward over the Kirghiz Steppes and the steppe-
country of western Siberia ; to the south it extended into
Eussian Turkestan, Zungaria, and the western side of the
Gobi. During the Pleistocene the group ranged into western
Europe.

Genus SAIGA.

Saiga, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. xxvi, 1843 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 29, 1897; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898.

Colus, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 419, 1844.

Characters and range those of the subfamily. The genus
is regarded by Pocock as exhibiting distinct signs of affinity
with the Caprincc, especially in the structure of the feet.

SAIGA TATAEICA.

Capra tatarica,f Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, vol. i, p. 97, 1766 ; Miiller>
Natursyst. vol. i, p. 417, 1773.

Antilope saiga, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 6, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii,
pp. 14 and 21, 1777, Zoogr. Bosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 252, 1811 ;
Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 121, 1780; Schreber,
Sdugthiere, pi. cclxxvi, 1782 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 143,
1785; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 185, 1788; Kerr,
Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 309, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beyfrdge,
vol. i, p. 626, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99,
1795; Cuvier, Tall. Mem. Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798, Diet. Sci.
Nat. vol. ii, p. 229, 1894, Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 261, 1817 ; Bech-
stein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645, 1800; Shaw,
Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 339, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 112, 1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,
Table, p. 33, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 181, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii,
p. 452, 1822 ; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 409, 1808 ; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 428, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. UpsaL
vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v,

* Nehring, Neues Jarhb. Min. Geol. u. Pal. vol. ii, p. 131, 1891.
f The name is very generally misspelt tartarica, in the same
manner as Tatary is misspelt Tartary.

14 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

p. 1216, 1818 ; Schinz, Cuvier's TUerreicli, vol. i, p. 389, 1821,
Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 408, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 12, 1848 ;
Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 442, 1822 ; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 391, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 289, 1836,
Nouv. Tail. Eegne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842 ; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 458, 1829 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. i,
p. 260, 1840; Abbott, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 70; Laurillard,
Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 616, 1841 ; Wagner, Schreber's
Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 420, 1844, vol. v, p. 402, 1855;
Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 313, 1853-55; Nehring, Tundren und
Steppen, p. 186, 1890, Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, vol. xxvi, p. 327,

1891, Zool. Garten, 1891, p. 328 ; Kiernik, Bull. Ac. Sci. Cracovie,
1912, p. 981.

Capra sayga, Forster, Phil. Trans, vol. Ivii, p. 344, 1767.

Antilope scythica, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i, p. 9, 1767 ; Miiller,

Natursy st., Suppl. p. 53, 1776; Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim.

p. 289, 1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 544, 1777 ;

Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p, 83, 1780 ; Oken, Allgemeine

Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 1365, 1838.
Antilope (Gazella) saiga, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,

p. 171, 1814.

Cerophorus (Antilope) saiga, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas colus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 736, 1816.

Antilope colus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 226,
vol. v, p. 365, 1827 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl.
Eegne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842.

Saiga tatarica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 160, 1843, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 55, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 3, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 112, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 51,
1852, Cat. Euminants Brit. Mus. p. 33, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 102, 1873 ; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool.
Guine, p. 189, 1853; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 231, 1862 ; Glitsch, Bull. Soc. Moscow, 1865, p. 207 ; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 240, pi. xvii, List Anim. Zool. Gardens,
p. 143, 1883 ; Murie, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 451 ; Severtzow,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii, p. 171, 1876 ; PrzewalsJci,
Eeise in Tibet, pp. 23 and 252, 1884 ; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 265, 1884; Sterndale,
Mamm. India, p. 468, 1884 ; Eossikow, Obzor mlehopit. dolingr.
MalU, p. 79, 1887 ; Eadde and Walter, Zool. Jahrb., Syst.
vol. iv, p. 1061, 1889 ; Smith Woodward, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890,
p. 614 ; Flower and LydeJclcer, Study of Mammals, p. 341, 1891 ;
Satunin, Mitt. KauJcas. Mus. vol. i, p. 66, 1901, vol. ii, p. 245,
1906, vol. iii, p. 82, 1907 ; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, p. 101,

1892, ed. 6, p. 231, 1910, ed. 7, p. 231, 1914 ; LydeJclcer, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 163, 1893, Great and Small Game of Europe, etc.
p. 187, 1901 ; Sclater and Thomas, Booh of Antelopes, vol. iii,
p. 31, pi, xlix, 1897 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi,
p. 168, 1898; Fritze, Jahrb. Prov. Mus. Hannover, 1905-6,
p. 42 ; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 72, 1907 ; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898 ;
Trouessart, Faune Mamm. Europe, p. 234, 1910.

SIAG1N.1.

15

Antilope tatarica, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 390, 1844 ; Sundevall,

K. SvensJfa Vet.-AJt. Handl. 1845, p. 270, 1847.
Saiga colus, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231,

1846.

Gazella colus, Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 168.
Colus saiga, Fitzinger, Sitzber. Tc. Alt. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,

p. 161, 1869.

Colus tataricus, Brehm, Thierleben, Saugethiere, vol. iii, p. 283, 1880.
Saiga saiga, Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas)

vol. ix) p. 134, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)

p. 165, 1892.

SAIGA, or SAIGAK.

Typical locality Ural Steppes.

Size approximately that of a large sheep, the shoulder-
height being about 30 inches. General colour in summer

FIG< 3. — THE SAIGA (Saiga tatarica).

dull yellowish, with the throat and indistinct markings on
the face whitish ; in winter, when the coat is much longer
and thicker, the colour is uniformly whitish throughout ;

16 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

ears short, thickly haired, and, like the very short tail,
coloured like the body ; two pairs of lower premolars. Basal
length of skull about 9J inches. Good horns measure from
12 to 14 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 4J to
5J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 2 to 5| inches.

The range within the historic period is co-extensive with
that of the subfamily ; whether the saiga-remains from the
British gravels are rightly referred to the existing species, or
whether they should be identified with the extinct S. prisca
of the Moravian Pleistocene, may be uncertain.

96, a. Skin, in summer coat, mounted. Siberia.

Purchased (Brandt).
73. 2. 24. 6. Skin, mounted, female. Eastern Eussia.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.
76. 2. 15. 6. Skeleton. Sarepta, Volga Steppes.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.
76. 5. 23. 1. Skin, in winter coat, mounted. Sarepta.

Same history.

76. 5. 23. 1, a. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

78. 4. 6. 2. Skin, female in winter coat, mounted, and
skull. Same locality. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878.

97. 1. 5. 21. Skeleton. Siberia ; collected by Dr. O.
Finsch. From the collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart.

Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.

1. 1. 12. 1. Skin, mounted. Volga Steppes.

Presented ly the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1901.

2. 3. 19. 3. Head, female in winter dress, mounted.
Same locality. Same donor, 1902.

5. 8. 23. 1. Head, immature, in summer dress, mounted.
Same locality. Same donor, 1905.

613, a. Pair of horns. Eastern Eussia. No history.

613, 6. Two left horns. Eastern Eussia. Figured in
Gray's Cat. Ungulata, pi. iii. No history.

78. 12. 21. 25 and 32. Two pairs of horns. Saissan,
western Siberia.

Presented by the Geographical Society of Bremen, 1878.

PANTHOLOPIN^E 17

SUBFAMILY xiii.— PANTHOLOPIN^E.

Kepresented by a single existing species, of somewhat
larger size than the saiga. Horns (wanting in females) long,
erect, and compressed, diverging at first slightly and then
more markedly, with an evenly forward heteronymous curve
towards the tips, which are often a little turned in, heavily
ridged on front surface for their basal two-thirds ; tail short ;
nose slightly bent downwards, and much inflated laterally, at
least in males, with the nostrils normally placed; muzzle
hairy ; face-glands and foot-glands* wanting ; inguinal glands
very large and deep, opening at a distance from the single
pair of teats ; no knee-tufts ; lateral hoofs present ; feet of
the general type of those of the Oreotragince (vol. ii, p. 122),
with a strong backward fold in the interungual membrane,
in correlation with the full development of the hind part
(" heel ") of the lower surface, and the integument itself hairy
as far down as the " heel-tie " ; tail short. Skull with a
relatively large nasal aperture (smaller than in Saiga), but
without distinct supraorbital pits or lachrymal depressions ;
two pairs of upper and lower premolars in adult, f

The single generic representative of this subfamily,
together with Saiga and ^Epyceros, was included by Sclater
and Thomas in the Antilopince. Pocock remarks, however,
that in the present genus " the integumental web which ties
the hoofs together is as deep and strong as in cattle (Bos) or
elands (Taurotragus), and the feet are quite different from
those of typical gazelles. . . ; and the hoofs clearly have
nothing like the extension seen in the feet of sheep and
goats." Although exhibiting some relationship to Saiga,
it is considered by the same writer that Pantholops should
be allowed, at least provisionally, separate subfamily rank.

The range is confined to the plateau of Tibet, where, in
addition to the existing form, the single genus appears to be
represented by an extinct species from the later Tertiary

* Teste Pocock.

f This was first pointed out by Pousargues, Mem. Soc. ZooL
France, vol. xi, p. 174. Whether the missing teeth are developed in
the young and subsequently shed, as is the case with the anterior pair
of lower premolars in Saiga, does not appear to be ascertained.

III. C

18 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

deposits of Hundes, described by the present writer in 1881
(Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xiv, p. 180, figured Quart. Journ.
GeoL Soc. vol. Ivii, p. 289) as Pantholops hundesiensis.

Genus PANTHOLOPS.

Pantholops, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 81 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 43, 1897 ; Pousargues,
Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 173, 1898 ; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898.

Characters and range the same as those of the subfamily.

PANTHOLOPS HODGSONI.

Antilope hodgsoni, Abel, Calcutta Govt. Gazette, 1826, vide Phil Mag.
vol. Ixviii, p. 234, 1826, Edinburgh Journ. Sci. vol. vii, p. 164,
1827, 'Editor,' Gleanings in Science, vol. i, p. 144, 1829;
J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 462, 1829 ; Hodgson, Gleanings
in Science, vol. ii, p. 348, pis. iii-v, 1830, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831,
p. 52, 1832, p. 14, 1833, p. 110; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. i,
p. 261, 1840 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617,
1841 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 420,
1844, vol. v, p. 402, 1855 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 415,
1845 ; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 270,
1847 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 314, 1853-55 ; Hooker, Himalayan
Journals, vol. ii, pp. 132 and 158, 1854 ; Przewalski, Mongolia
(Russian ed.), vol. ii, p. 323, pis. iii and iv, 1875, Morgan's
Transl. of same, vol. ii, pp. 204 and 223, 1876.

Antilope kemas, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 196, vol. v, p. 328, 1827; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 285, 1836.

Antilope chiru, Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 371, 1827 (ex. Quart. Orient.
Mag. 1824, p. 260, nomen nudum) ; Oken, Allgemeine Natur-
geschichte, vol. vii, p. 1369, 1838 ; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne
Anim., Mamm. p. 179, 1842.

Pantholops hodgsoni, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 80, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, p. 282, 1842, Calcutta Journ. Nat.
Hist. vol. iv, p. 291, 1844 ; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 52, 1852, Cat. Euminants Brit. Mus. p. 33, 1872 ; Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 102, 1873 ; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1858, p. 521 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 232,
1862 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 162, 1869 ; Blanford, Scientific Results, 2nd Yarkand Miss.,
Mamm. p. 89, pi. xvi, 1879, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 524,
1891 ; Przewalski, From Kulja to Lob Nor, p. 85, 1879, Reise
in Tibet, pp. 109, 118, 129 and 166, 1884 ; Sterndale, Mamm.
India, p. 464, 1884 ; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 106,
1885 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Ley den Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 134, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi)
p. 166, 1892 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii,

PANTHOLOPIN^} 19

p. 161, 1891 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 341,
1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 102, 1892, ed. 6, p. 236,
1910, ed. 7, p. 233, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 157,
1893, Great and Small Game of India, etc. p. 167, 1900, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 184, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit.
Mus. p. 28, 1913 ; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. ii, p. 335, 1894 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 45, pi. 1, 1897 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. xi, p. 173, 1898 ; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 73, 1907; Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns
Ind. Mus. p. 52, 1908; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 898;
Lotichius, Ber. Senckenberg. Ges. vol. xliii, p. 211, 1912.
Kemas hodgsoni, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 157, 1843, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, Cat. Hodgson
Coll. p. 26, 1846, ed. 2, p. 13, 1863, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 55,
1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 3, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 112; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 166, 1851;
Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 39, 1872.

CHIRU.

Typical locality Hundes district of Tibet.

Shoulder-height about 31 or 32 inches ; coat very dense,
close, and crisp ; general colour pale fawn, with a fulvous or
pinkish suffusion, especially on the flanks, gradually passing
into whitish on under-parts ; face of male blackish, and crown
of head whitish ; ears short and pointed, whitish ; backs of
ears white ; limbs pale greyish white, with a blackish stripe
down front surface of each pair in male ; tail coloured above
like rump. Basal length of skull about 10£ inches. Fine
horns measure from 24 to 27J inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 4| to 6-J, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from
11 to 18 J inches.

The range probably includes the whole Tibetan plateau,
at elevations from about 12,000 to 18,000 feet, and is known
to extend from the Changchenmo district of north-eastern
Ladak, through the elevated area north of Kumaon and
Sikhim, and so on to northern Tibet.

43. 1. 12. 100. Skin, mounted. Hundes district, Tibet.
Presented "by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1843.

[45. 1. 8. 136. Single horn; length 27 j inches. Same
locality. Same donor, 1845.]

45. 1. 8. 136. Imperfect skull, with horns. Same
locality. Same history.

614, a. Horns. Tibetan frontier of Nepal.

Presented by Major Honeywood.
c 2

20

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

56. 9. 22. 19. Skeleton, imperfect. Probably from
Ladak ; collected by Gen. Abbott. Purchased, 1856.

614, a. Frontlet and horns. Locality unknown.
Figured in Gray's Cat. Ungulata, pi. iii. No history.

FIG. 4. — HEAD OF CHIKU (Pantholops hodgsoni).

75. 3. 30. 1. Skull and skin, female. Ladak.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. J. Biddulph, 1875.
79. 11. 21. 18. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown.

Transferred from the India Museum, 1879.

79. 11. 21. 589. Skin, immature. Hundes district;

collected by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. Same history.

PANTHOLOPIN^l 21

88. 3. 20. 17. Skull, with horns. Changchenmo,
N. E. Ladak. Presented ly R. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.

91. 10. 7. 170. Skin, mounted. Sikhim ; collected by
A. Mandelli, Esq. Presented ly Dr. W. T. Blanford, 189L

91. 10. 7. 171. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

91. 11. 15. 2-3. Two skins, male and female. Ladak.

Presented ly H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1891.

91. 8. 7. 63. Skull, with horns. Northern Kumaon.

Presented ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

91. 8. 7. 64-65. Two skulls, with horns. North of
Leh ; collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 66-68. Three skulls, with horns. Northern
Kumaon. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 69-70. Two skulls, with horns. Chantang
Plateau ; collected by Mr. Dalgleish. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 71. Skull, with horns. Beansi Pass, northern
Kumaon ; collected by Mr. N. Troup. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 20. Skull and horns, north of Beansi Pass,
Kumaon ; collected by Mr. Troup. This specimen stands
No. 1 in Ward's list. Length of horns 27}, girth 6J, tip-to-
tip interval 13 J inches.

Bequeathed ly A.O. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

12. 10. 31. 21. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. No. 3 in Ward's list. Length of horns 27J,
girth 5-|, tip-to-tip interval 15J. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 21. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

98. 10. 18. 1. Head, mounted. Ladak.

Presented ly the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1898.

SUBFAMILY xiv.— ANTILOPIN^.

Includes a large number of, for the most part, gracefully
built medium-sized or rather small antelopes, with the horns
(which may be present or absent in females, and when
developed in that sex are smaller and simpler than in males)
either twisted in a heteronymous corkscrew-like spiral, or
curved backwards in such a manner that the basal portion is

22 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

convex anteriorly, and in some cases more or less distinctly
lyrate, always with well developed ridges; tail moderately
or very short ; nose normal and muzzle hairy ; face-glands
usually present; inguinal glands present or absent; teats
usual 2, rarely 4; glandular knee-tufts generally present;
lateral hoofs retained ; feet with a large interdigital cleft, as
in Bubalinw (vol. ii, p. 2), and foot-glands in each pair,
which form the deep cleft with a long aperture on the front
of the pasterns, and the web extending forwards as a close
fold of integument from the " heel " towards the front of the
hoofs, so as to separate the cavity of the gland from the space
between the hoofs ; tail short or medium. Skull with
supraorbital pits, and usually lachrymal depressions and
lachrymal vacuities ; upper molars, as in the three preceding
subfamilies, of the tall, narrow, caprine type ; three pairs of
lower premolars, except in Antidorcas. Face-markings,
which appear late in life, generally in the form of alternating
light and dark streaks ; these in some cases disappearing
and leaving the whole face white.

The range of the subfamily includes south-eastern Europe,
western and central Asia, the Indian Peninsula, and Africa.

The genera may be distinguished as follows :—

A. Horns twisted into a corkscrew-like spiral Antilope.

B. Horns curving backwards, with the basal portion

convex in front.

a. No glandular pouch on back.

a'. Neck normal ; a pair of inguinal glands, except*
in G. picticaudata, and usually one pair of
teats Gazella.

V. Neck elongated ; no inguinal glands ; two pairs

of teats .' Lithocranius.

b. A large glandular pouch, lined with long white

eversible hairs, on back Antidorcas.

I. Genus ANTILOPE.

Antilope, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 1766 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 3, 1897; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 894.

Cervicapra, Sparrman, K. SvensJca Vet.-AJc. Handl. vol. i, p. 275,
1780.

The typical genus, represented by a single medium-sized
species. Horns (normally absent in female) twisted on their

ANTILOPIN^E 23

axis into a heteronynious corkscrew-like spiral ; face-glands
very large ; tail moderately short, compressed ; inguinal
glands present; teats, normally two; feet with the folded
interlingual web smooth and extending forwards nearly to
the upper margins of the hoofs, the interdigital cleft being
somewhat hairy ; face-markings in the form of light rings
round the eyes. Skull with large lachrymal depressions and
three pairs of lower preinolars.

The range is restricted to the Indian Peninsula.

ANT1LOPE CEEVICAPKA.

Capra cervicapra, Linn., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol, i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12,
vol. i, p. 96, 1766.

Antilope cervicapra, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spicil. Zool.
fasc. i, p. 18, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 19, 1777 ; Erxleben, Syst. Regn.
Anim. p. 283, 1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 542,
1779, Geogr. Gesch. vol. ii, p. 116, 1780; Gatterer, Brev.
Zool. vol. i, p. 81, 1780 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxviii, 1785 ;
Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst.
Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 319,
1792 ; Donndor/, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 644, 1792 ; Latham
and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Link, Beytrage Natur-
gesch. vol. ii, p. 90, 1795 ; Cuvier, Tabl. tilem. Hist. Nat. p. 164,
1798, Eegne Anim. vol. i, p. 261, 1817 ; Bechstein, Uebersicht
vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 644, 1800 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 366, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 116,
1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 180, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 451,
1822 ; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 410, 1808 ; Lichtenstein, Mag.
nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 172, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 437, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii,
p. 180, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 451, 1822; Goldfuss,
Schreber' 's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1214, 1818 ; Schinz, Cuvier's
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 389, 1822, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 408,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 10, pi. Ix, 1848; Desmoulins, Diet.
Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 443, 1822 ; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 231, vol. v, p. 337, 1827 ; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 370, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 289, 1836, Nouv.
Tabl. Hist. Nat. p. 175, 1842 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 457, 1829 ; Gray and Hardwicke, Illustr. Indian Zool. vol. i,
pis. xii and xiii, 1832 ; Bennett, Gardens Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 117
1835, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 34 ; Owen, ibid. 1836, p. 37, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836,
p. 137 ; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1377,
1838 ; Elliot, Madras Journ. vol. x, p. 227, 1839 ; Gervais, Diet.
Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 620, 1840 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1841 ; Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x,
p. 913, 1841 ; Forster, Descript. Anim. p. 379, 1842 ; Wagner,

24 CATALOGUE OF UKGULATES

Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 416, 1844, vol. v, p. 409,
1855; Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 150, 1850;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl 1845, p. 270, 1847 ;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 190, 1850; Giebel, Sduge-
thiere, p. 312, 1853-55 ; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 59,
1869, ed. 2, p. 112, 1885 ; Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 19, 1875, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 521,
1891 ; Ball, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1877, p. 171 ; Brehm,
Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 198, 1880; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. It. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 266, 1884;
Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 137, 1889, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi) p. 169,
1892 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 162, 1891 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 340, 1891 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 95, 1892, ed. 6, p. 235, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 235, 1907 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 152, 1893, Great
and Small Game of India, p. 159, 1900, Game Animals of India,
etc. p. 175, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 28, 1913 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 5, pi. xlviii,
1897 ; Lonnberg, Acta Soc. Upsal. ser. 3, 1903, p. 1 ; Elliot, Cat.
Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 71, 1907;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 48, 1908; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 894 ; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. vol. xxi, pp. 410 and 1193, 1912.

Antilope mpicapra, Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 56, 1776 (ex
V Antilope, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 273, pis. xxxv and
xxxiv, 1764).

Cervicapra [cervicapra] , Sparrman, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
vol. i, p. 275, 1780.

Cemas strepsiceros, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii. pt. 2,
p. 732, 1816.

Cerophorus (Antilope) cervicapra, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Antilope bilineata, Gray and Hardwicke (ex Linn.) Illustr. Indian
Zool. pi. xii, 1832.

Strepsiceros cervicapra, Ruppell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg.
vol. iii, pt. i, p. 39, 1842.

Cervicapra bezoartica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159, 1843,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, Cat.
Mamm. Hodgson Coll. p. 26, 1846, ed. 2, p. 13, 1863, List Osteol.
Brit. Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850 ; Hors-
field, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 167, 1851 ; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 234, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k.
Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i, p. 162, 1869.

Antilope bezoartica, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 117, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 66, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 40, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 109, 1873;
Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 275, 1867 ; Blanford, Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196, 1867 ; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, pp. 134 and 298, 1870 ; Stoliczka, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. xii, pt. 2, p. 229, 1872 ; Pollok, Sport in Brit.
Burma, p. 50, 1879; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 472, 1884;
Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 345,
1894.

ANTILOPIN.E 25

HERAN, or BLACKBUCK.

Typical locality plains of peninsular India, to which area
the species is restricted.

FIG. 5. — SKULL AND HORNS OF BLACKBUCK (Antilope cervicapra).

Shoulder-height about 30 inches. General colour of
adult male brownish fawn, gradually darkening — at least in
certain individuals and for some portion of the year — to deep

26 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

shining black ; muzzle, chin, a patch round eyes, ears, chest,
under-parts, inner sides of legs, and under side of tail, white ;
back of neck, especially in the black phase, yellowish ; an
indistinct narrow band, most conspicuous in young, on upper
parts of flanks whitish; outer side of limbs and upper
surface of tail brown, the tail having an indistinct blackish
tip. In the female the black areas of the male are brownish
fawn, the backs of the ears and the nape of the neck being
also fawn. Basal length of skull about 8J inches. Fine
horns measure from 24 to 30J inches in length, in a straight
line, with a basal girth of from 4J to 5J inches, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 15 to 26 inches.

The black livery of adult bucks — which does not seem
to be assumed in all cases — appears to be a seasonal phase,
at least in some parts of India; being replaced after the
rutting season, in spring, by a brown dress, which is retained
till the close of the rainy season, when the sable livery is
once more assumed.* This is confirmed by observations
made by Pocock f on specimens in captivity.

620, a. I. c. d. Four frontlets and horns. India.

No history.

38. 3. 13. 41. Skin, mounted. Madras.

Presented Tnj Sir Walter Elliot, 1838.

42. 9. 20. 1. Skin, mounted. India. Purchased, 1842.

45. 1. 8. 139. Skull, with horns. Northern India.

Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1845.

45. 1. 8. 138. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.

Same history.

47. 7. 19. 5. Frontlet and horns. India.

Purchased (Argent), 1847.

48. 7. 13. 11. Frontlet and horns. India.

Purchased (Warwick), 1848.
48. 7. 30. 45. Horns, immature. Southern India.

Presented ly F. H. Hora, Esq., 1848.
51. 7. 3. 10. Skin, mounted, female. India.

Purchased (Cross), 1851.

56. 5. 6. 66. Skull, immature, female. India; collected
by W. Theobald, Esq. Presented ly Dr. T. Oldham, 1856.

* See Lydekker, Game Animals of India, p. 178.
t Proc. Zool. Soc. 1913, p. 825, footnote.

ANTILOPIN^: 27

58. 5. 4. 600. Skull, young, female.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1858.
60. 4. 22. 3. Skull, female. Zoological Society's Museum.

Purchased (Stevens), 1860.
62. 10. 11. 4. Skeleton.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1862.
79. 11. 21. 187. Skull, with horns. India.

Transferred from India Museum, 1879.

87. 2. 9. 2. Head, mounted, female. India ; collected by
A. Grote, Esq. Presented by Mrs. Stirling, 1887.

88. 3. 20. 18. Skull, with horns. Near Meerut.

Presented by R. Lydekker, ESQ., 1888.

89. 4. 1. 3. Skull, with horns. India.

Presented ly Dr. If. Cameron, 1889.
89. 11. 20. 15-17. Three frontlets and horns. Indore.

Presented ly Col. J. Evans, 1889.
91. 8. 12. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns. India.

Purchased (Stevens), 1891.
91. 8. 7. 52. Frontlet and horns. Jaipur, Eajputana.

Presented ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 53. Head and horns. Sirsa, Punjab.

Same history.
91. 8. 7. 54. Pair of horns. Gurgaon, near Delhi.

Same history.
91. 8. 7. 55. Head and horns. Delhi district.

Same history.

91. 8. 7. 56. Skull, with horns. Sirsa. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 57. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.
91. 8. 7. 58. Skull, with horns. Muttra district.

Same history.

91. 8. 7. 59. Skull, with horns. Eajputana; collected

by Mr. R M. Adam. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 60. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 61. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 62. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 18. Skull, with horns (fig. 5). Gurgaon.

In this specimen, which stands No. 3 in Ward's list, and is

figured on p. 13, of vol. iii of The Book of Antelopes, the

horns measure 28J inches in a straight line, with a girth of

5 inches, and a tip-to-tip interval of 17£ inches.

Bequeathed by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

28 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

12. 10. 31. 17. Skull, with horns. Sirsa; shot by
Mr. Hume. Stands No. 13 in Ward's list. The horns
measure 26f inches in length, by 5 in girth, with a tip-to-tip
interval of I7f inches. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 19. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon; collected
by Mr. Chill. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 26. Skull, with horns, female. Gurgaon.
The horns, as shown in the figure on p. 14 of vol. iii of
The Book of Antelopes, bend outwards and downwards in a
homonymous curve, the first turn being continued to form a
regular curve, instead of being twisted upwards and inwards
to form a heteronymous spiral as in normal male horns.*

Same history.
92, 7. 14. 1. Skin, mounted. Gwalior.

Presented by C. Maries, Esq., 1892.
96. 6. 18. 1. Skin, mounted, female. India.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1896.
96. 11. 23. 2. Skin, mounted, female. India.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1896.
98. 6. 3. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Kathiawar.
Presented ly Lieut-Col. L. L. Fenton, 1898.
98. 6. 3. 1. Skull and head-skin, albino female. Kathia-
war. Same history.

II. Genus GAZELLA.

Gazella, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, pp. 152 and 171,
1814 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 537 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 65, 1898 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc.
Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 176, 1898; PococTc, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 887.

Gacella, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

Horns generally present in both sexes, and in the male
strongly ridged all round, usually of moderate length, and,
with the exception of the smooth tips, curving backwards, so
as to be convex anteriorly in the basal portion, and concave
in the middle portion, while the tips are generally bent
forwards or inwards, the whole form being in some cases

* See the figure (18) facing p. 17 in Theodore Cook's Spirals in
Nature and Art, 1903.

ANTILOPIN^l 29

more or less sublyrate or lyrate ; face-glands usually present,
smaller than in typical genus, but with same valvular
structure ; tail moderately or very short ; inguinal glands
generally present ; teats normally 2 ; feet differing from
those of Antilope by the hairy and thinner interungual web,
and the practically bare interdigital cleft ; face-markings,
when fully developed, in the form of alternate light and
dark streaks. Skull usually with shallow lachrymal de-
pressions, and always three pairs of lower premolars (in
G. picticaudata the development of the first pair, according
to Pousargues, is retarded).

The range of the genus includes western and central
Asia as far east as Mongolia and Kan-su, peninsular India,
and northern and eastern Africa.

The genus may be divided into the following three
groups : —

A. Tail typically very short ; females hornless ; face with-

out alternating dark and light stripes ; knee-tufts

absent or rudimentary; rump-patch well developed.... Procapra.

B. Tail longer ; females usually horned ; face with or less

developed dark and light alternating stripes ; knee-
tufts large.

a. Size small or medium ; white of rump not

intruding into fawn of body Gazella.

6. Size large ; white of rump intruding more or less

extensively into fawn of body Nanger.

The " keys " to the species are given under the headings
of their respective subgenera.

1. SUBGENUS PROCAPRA.

Procapra, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 334, 1846 ;
Pococlc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.

Tail very or comparatively short ; rump-patch well
developed; face-glands obsolete or small, as are also the
lachrymal depressions for their reception, as well as the
glandular tufts on the knees.

The group is restricted to Central Asia ; and its members
may be briefly characterised as follows : —

30 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

A. Face-glands and knee-tufts wanting; tail very

short ; rump-patch large ; size small, the basal
skull-length not exceeding 7 inches; horns
strongly curved backwards.

a. Horns not hooked at tips G. picticaudata.

b. Horns strongly hooked inwards at tips G. przewalskii.

B. Small face-glands and knee-tufts present ; tail

longer; rump-patch smaller; size larger, the
basal skull-length being about 9 inches ; horns
but slightly curved backwards and not markedly
hooked at tips G. gutturosa.

I. GAZELLA (PKOCAPKA) PICTICAUDATA.

Procapra picticaudata, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,
p. 334, pi. ii, 1846, vol. xvi, p. 696, 1847 ; Blyth, ibid. vol. xvi,
p. 725, 1847, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 173, 1863 ;
Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, 1867, p. 245, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 55, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 105, 1873 ; Horsfield Cat.
Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 169, 1851 ; Hooker, Himalayan
Journals, vol. ii, p. 157, 1854 ; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858,
p. 523 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 232, 1862 ;
Fitzinger, Sitzber. If. Ak. Wiss. Wien. vol. lix,pt. l,p. 161, 1869;
Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 10, 1869 ; Blanford, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 39, 1873, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1876, p. 634 ; Przewalski, Mongolia (Eussian ed.), p. 326, pi. ii,
1875, Reisen in Tibet, p. 110, 1884 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Ley den
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 136, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden
Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 167, 1892 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 893.

Antilope picticaudata, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v,
p. 408, 1855 ; Przewalski, Mongolia (Morgan's Transl.J, vol. ii,
p. 208, 1876.

Gazella picticaudata, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 547 ; Stern-
dale, Mamm. India, p. 467, 1884 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm.
Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 161, 1891 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India,
Mamm. p. 529, 1891, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 449 ; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 120, 1892, ed. 6, p. 241, 1910 ; Lydekker, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 183, 1893, Great and Small Game of India, etc.
p. 173, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 189, 1907, Cat.
Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 30, 1913 ; Percy, Big Game Shooting
(Badminton Libr.),vol. ii, p. 342, 1894; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 71, pi. Hi, 1898 ; Pousargues, Mem.
Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 176, 1898 ; Bentham, Cat. Asiat.
Horns Ind. Mus. p. 56, 1908 ; Bailey, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. vol. xix, p. 521, 1909 ; Wallace, Big Game of Central and
Western China, p. 248, 1913.

Gazella picticauda, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 941, 1898-99.

Gacella picticaudata, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

Gazella (Procapra) picticaudata, Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7,
p. 238, 1914.

ANTILOPIN/E 31

GOA, EAGOA, or ATA.

Typical locality Hundes district of Tibet.

Size relatively small, the shoulder-height being about
24 or 25 inches. Horns relatively long and slender, much
compressed, and heavily ridged, arising vertically from skull,
and then curving evenly and regularly backwards with but
little divergence, the tips bending upwards and slightly
inwards ; no face-glands, inguinal glands, or knee-tufts ;
coat in winter close and thick, in summer short; general
colour in winter pale fawn, darkening posteriorly, and
becoming almost rufous near the large white rump-patch,
which surrounds the root of the very short tail ; in summer
the general colour slaty grey ; ears short, narrow, pointed,
and well haired ; under-parts white ; limbs white or very
pale fawn. Skull relatively broad, without distinct lachrymal
depressions, and with relatively broad nasals, tapering
evenly forwards ; basal length about 6 J inches. Good horns-
measure from 12 to 14 j- inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 3J to 4£, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 2 to
3| inches. The range extends from the high ranges of
Spiti and the Changchenmo district of Ladak through the
Tibetan plateau to Kan-su, Shen-si, and the Tatung-gol
Valley, a tributary of the Hoang-ho, to the north of
Koko Nor.

Pousargues regards this species as showing affinity with
Pantholops, although in the absence of inguinal glands it is
markedly different from that genus. The late appearance of
the anterior lower premolar may foreshadow the loss of that
tooth in Pantholops.

48. 6. 11. 19. Skull, with horns. Hundes district of
Tibet. Type. Presented ly B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1848.

48. 6. 11. 20. Skull, with horns, immature. Same
locality. Figured in Hodgson's original description.

Same history »

48. 6. 11. 21. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history^

52. 12. 15. 6. Skin. Tibet. Purchased (Stevens), 1852..

52. 12. 15. 18. Skull, with horns. Tibet. Same history.

53. 8. 16. 18. Skull, with horns, and skin. Tibet.

Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1853.

32 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

53. 8. 16. 18, I. Skin, mounted. Tibet. Same history.
56. 10. 1. 2. Skull, female. Inner Himalaya.

Purchased (Baker), 1856.
79. 11. 21. 35. Pair of horns. Probably Ladak.

Transferred from India Museum, 1879.

79. 11. 21. 332. Skull and skin, female. Probably

Ladak. Same history.

88. 3. 20. 19. Skull, with horns. Changchemno, Ladak.

Presented by R. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.

91. 11. 6. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Hills north

of Sikhim ; collected by L. Mandelli, Esq.

Presented by Dr. W. T. Stanford, 1891.

91. 11. 6. 2. Skull and skin, immature female. Same

locality and collector. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 81. Skull, with horns. Hills north of Kumaon.

Length of horns 13J, girth 3f , tip-to-tip 5£ inches.

Presented by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

91. 8. 7. 82. Skull, with horns. Hills north of Sikhim ;

collected by L. Mandelli, Esq. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 83. Skull, with horns. Dhama Valley, north

side of Beansi Pass ; collected by Jir. N. Troup.

Same history.

12. 10. 31. 27. Skull, with horns. Hills north of
Kumaon. No. 18 in Ward's list. Length of horns 12|,
girth 3|, tip-to-tip 4f inches. The record length is 14J
inches. Bequeathed "by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

12. 10. 31. 28. Skull, with horns. Dhama Valley ;
collected by Mr. N. Troup. Same history.

97. 5. 15. 1. Head, mounted. North-eastern Ladak.

Purchased ( Ward), 1897.

98. 10. 18. 2. Skin, mounted. N. E. Ladak.

Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1898.

II. GAZELLA (PEOCAPKA) PKZEWALSKII.

Antilope gutturosa, Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), vol. i, p. 18,
pi. i, fig. 1, 1875, Morgan's English Transl. of same, pp. 20
and 28, 1876, Reisen in Tibet, pp. 178, 243 and 252, 1884, nee
Pallas.

Antilope cuvieri, Przewalski, Cat. Coll. (Russian) p. 110, 1888, nee
Ogilby.

ANTILOPIN/E

33

Gazella przewalskii, Biichner, Melanges Biol. vol. xiii, p. 164, 1890 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 79, pi. liii,
1898 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 182, 1908 ;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Europe, etc. p. 193, 1901 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 243, 1910 ; Wallace, Big Game of
Central and Western China, p. 248, 1913.

Procapra (?) przewalskii, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.

Typical locality Mongolia.

Nearly allied to the preceding species — with which it
agrees in the absence of facial and inguinal glands and
knee-tufts — but of rather larger size. Horns shorter, curving

FIG. 6. — HEAD OF PRZEWALSKI'S GAZELLE (Gazella przewalskii),

IN WINTEE COAT.
From a photograph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Oveen.

evenly backwards, with the tips abruptly hooked inwards
and slightly upwards (fig. 6) ; general colour in the thick
winter coat pale finely grizzled fawn, in summer deep fawn ;
sides of neck and tip of nose brownish in summer ; a narrow

III. D

34 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

line of fawn running from the back to the upper surface of
the tail divides the white rump-patch ; limbs more or less
brown in front. Skull generally similar to that of the
preceding species, but rather larger, the basal length .being
about 7 inches. In No. 97. 2. 26. 14 the horns measure
10£ inches in length, with a basal girth of 4|, and a tip-to-tip
interval of 2£ inches.

o

The range apparently extends from Eastern Turkestan to
the Gobi and Kan-su.

94. 2. 8. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Eastern
Turkestan. Reference to this species provisional.

Presented "by St. George Littledale, Esq., 1894.
97. 2. 26. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Koko Moun-
tains, Kan-su, W. China.

Presented by the St. Petersburg Museum, 1897.
97. 2. 26. 15. Skin, female. Kan-su. Same history.

III. GAZELLA (PEOCAPRA) GUTTUROSA.

Caprea campestris gutturosa, Gmelin, Nov. Comm. Petrop. vol. v,
p. 347, pi. v, 1760.

Antilope gutturosa, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 46, pi. ii, 1777,
Zoogr. Bosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 251, 1811 ; Zimmermann, Geogr.
Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 3.20, 1780 ; Hermann, Tabl. Affin. Anim.
p. 108, 1783 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 143, 1785 ; Schreber,
Saugthiere, pi. cclxxv, 1787 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 186, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 310, 1792 ; Donn-
dorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 627, 1792 ; Latham and Davies,
Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Link, Beytrage Naturgesch. vol. ii,
p. 99, 1795 ; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfuss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645,
1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 342, 1801; Turton,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 113, 1802 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat.
vol. ii, p. 228, 1804, Begne Animal, vol. i, p. 260, 1817 ; Desmarest,
Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxii, p. 499, vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 182, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 452,
1822 ; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 171, 1814 ;
G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 431, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta
Soc. TJpsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Goldfuss, Schreber' s Saugthiere,
vol. v, p. 1221, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 387,
1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 409, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 11,
pi. x, 1848; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 441,
1822 ; H. Smith, Griffiths Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 229,
vol. v, p. 336, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 371, 1827, Nouv.
Tabl. Begne Anim. p. 176, 1842 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 458, 1828 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates,
vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; OJcen, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii,
p. 1267, 1838 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 260,
1840; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 615, 1841;

ANTILOPIN^: 35

Wagner, Schrcber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 416, 1844,
vol. v, p. 408, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 104,
pi. xxxi, fig. 180, 1845 ; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1845, p. 270, 1847 ; Giebel, Saugethiere, p. 312, 1853-55 ; Radde,
Reisen Ost-Siberien, p. 254, pi. xi, fig. 1, 1862 ; Brehm, Thier-
leben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 201, 1880.

Antilope tzeiran, Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 543, 1817.

Antilope orientalis, Erxleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 288, 1777 ;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet.
Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33, 1804.

Cerophorus (Antilope) gutturosa, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas gutturosa, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 736, 1816.

Gazella gutturosa, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1847, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 3, 1850 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 546 ;
Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), p. 73, 1875, partim ; Flower
and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Ward, Records
of Big Game, p. 119, 1892, ed. 6, p. 243, 1910; LydeJcker, Horns
and Hoofs, p. 182, 1893, Great and Small Game of Europe, etc.
p. 196, 1901 ; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. ii, p. 341, 1894 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 83, pi. liv, 1898 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France,
vol. xi, p. 179, 1898 ; Kohler, Zool. Garten, vol. xl, p. 336, 1899 ;
Wallace, Big Game of Central and Western China, p. 253, 1913.

Procapra gutturosa, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 115, 1867, p. 244,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 54, 1854, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 37, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 105, 1873 ;
Gerrard, Cat. Bones Brit. Mus. p. 232, 1862 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber.
k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 161, 1869; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 266, 1884;
Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 136, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 167,
1892; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 19, p. 1,
1913.

Procapra (?) gutturosa, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 892.

Gazella (Procapra) gutturosa Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7
p. 241, 1914.

ZEREN, or SEBEN.

Typical locality Mongolia.

Size considerably iarger than in last species, the shoulder-
height being fully 30 inches, and the build stouter. Small
face-glands, knee-tufts, and well-developed inguinal glands
present ; * rump-patch smaller, and not completely surround-
ing tail, which is longer (about 2f inches) than in the two
preceding species ; horns relatively short, lightly but closely

* Vide Pousargues, op. cit.; the face-glands and knee-tufts are
shown in some of the under-mentioned skins.

D 2

36 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

ridged, rising nearly parallel, then diverging, without marked
backward sweep, and a slight inward inclination at tips ;
general colour of thick and close winter coat pale ochery
buff or grizzled fawn; front of face slaty brown; small

FIG. 7. — HEAD OF ZEREN OB MONGOLIAN GAZELLE (Gazella gutturosa}>

IN WINTER COAT.
From a photograph lent by Mr. G. Fenwick-Owen.

rump-patch, under-parts (exclusive of flanks), and tail, with
the exception of a brownish patch on middle of upper
surface, dirty white, as are also inner sides of legs and
cheeks ; ears moderate, pointed, and thickly haired ; in
summer the coat much shorter, and, according to Eadde,
yellower, although not much difference in this respect is
shown by the specimens in the collection. Skull long and
narrow, with rather elongated, pointed nasals and shallow

ANTILOPIN.E 37

lachrymal depressions ; basal length about 9 J inches. Fine
horns measure from 13 to 15| inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 3J to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from
4^ to 7i inches.

In the rutting seasons the males develop a goitre-like
swelling in the throat. The range formerly extended from
the Little Altai, in north-western Mongolia, through the
southern part of Transbaikalia and northern and eastern
Mongolia to Amurland and Kan-su ; it now stops consider-
ably short of the Amur peninsula. This species is so largely
intermediate in characters between G. picticaudata and
G. przewalskii on the one hand and G. subgutturosa on the
other as to render it inadvisable to give Procapra more than
subgeneric rank.

So far as the specimens in the collection are concerned,
the coloured figures in the Book of Antelopes are misleading,
the hind-quarters, flanks, and limbs being represented as
white, and the fawn area merely as a kind of saddle. Brooke's
description is approximately true to nature.

If the Altai form be distinct, the following two races
may be recognised : —

A. Fawn area smaller; horns less spreading; skull

narrower G. g. gutturosa.

B. Fawn area larger; horns more spreading; skull

broader G. g. altaica.

A.— Gazella gutturosa gutturosa.

General characters those of the species.

Typical locality eastern Mongolia.

67. 1. 8. 3-4. Two frontlets, with horns. Mongolia.
The skull and horns, purporting to be one of these specimens,
figured by Gray in the Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 215, pertains,
as pointed out by Pousargues (op. cit.), to a gazelle with
large lachrymal depressions, and therefore with equally
large face-glands. Gray's figure is reproduced in the Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 87. Presented by Dr. Lockhart, 1867.

70. 2. 10. 37. Skull, with horns, and skin in winter coat.
North of Pekin ; collected by E. Swinhoe, Esq. Length of
horns 9}, girth 4, tip-to-tip interval 4| inches.

Purchased, 1870.

38

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

70. 2. 10. 95. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

70. 2. 10. 96. A similar specimen. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

70. 7. 18. 13. Skull and skin in winter coat. Northern
China ; same collector. Same history.

FIG. 8. — ALTAI ZEREN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procaprd] gutturosa altaicd)
IN SUMMER COAT.

1. 3. 2. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. North of Pekin ;
collected by F. W. Styan, Esq. Purchased, 1901.

I. 3. 2. 3. Skull and skin, female, in winter coat. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

II. 2. 1. 266. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Thirty miles N.W. of Jan-chou, Kan-su; collected by
M P. Anderson, Esq.

Presented ly the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1911.

ANTILOPIN^I

39

B. — Gazella gritturosa altaica.

Procapra altaica, Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 19,
p. 1, 1913, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xlv, p. 531, pis. xli and xlii,
1913.

Typical locality Suok Plains, near south end of Bain-
Chagan Pass, Little Altai, K W. Mongolia.

FIG. 9. — FRONT AND SIDE VIEWS OF SKULL AND HOBNS OF ALTAI

ZEBEN GAZELLE (Gazella [Procapra'] gutiurosa altaica}.

From Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect. 1913.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

Stated to differ from typical gutturosa, in summer coat,
by the greater extent of the fawn area (apparently on the

40 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

flanks), the broader skull, larger molar teeth, and more
widely spreading horns (fig. 9).

10. 1. 25. 1. Skin, in summer coat, mounted (fig. 8),
Altai. The colour-pattern agrees very closely with that of
the type, and the " spike-like " tail shows the same brown
dorsal spot. Presented 1y R. Hayne, Esq., 1910.

46. 3. 28. 6 (45. 4. 29. 7). Skull, with horns, and skin.
" Kirghiz Steppes " (Altai) ; collected by Dr. Brandt.

Purchased, 1845^6.

43. 12. 19. 1. Skin, female, mounted, and skull,
provisionally referred to this race. Probably from the same
locality as the last ; collected by Dr. Brandt.

Purchased, 1843.

2. SUBGENUS GAZELLA.

Dorcas, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 307, 1821.
Leptoceros, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 422,

1844, nee Leach, 1817.
Tragops, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 11,

1847.
Tragopsis, Fitzinger, Sitzber. Jc. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 157,

1869.

Eudorcas, Fitzinger, op. cit. p. 159, 1869.
Korin, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872.

Includes small or medium-sized gazelles, in which the
tail is longer than in the preceding group, the white of the
hind-quarters is restricted to the posterior aspect of the
hips, so that it does not form a true rump-patch, or intrude
on to the fawn area of the body, and the face is marked by
alternating dark and light stripes ; face-glands and glandular
knee-tufts,* as well as inguinal glands, are present ; and in
the great majority of species the females are horned. Skull
with well-marked lachrymal depressions.

The distribution is practically co-extensive with that of
the genus.

The following is a tentative " key " to the species : —

A. Females hornless ; males with a " goitre " ; white

area on buttocks relatively large.
a. Face-markings partially obsolete G. subgutturosa.

* The alleged absence of knee-tufts in G. rufifrons is denied by
Pocock.

ANTILOPIN^E 41

6. Face-markings distinct ; size larger.

a1. White area on buttocks larger; forehead

and muzzle rufous G. yarlcandensia.

bl. White area on buttocks smaller ; forehead

greyish, muzzle white G. seistanica.

B. Females horned ; no goitre in males ; white area
on buttocks usually smaller.

a. No puffy elevation on nose.

a1. Forehead white G. marica.

b\ Forehead coloured.

a2. General colour very pale, flank and pygal
bands practically obsolete; horns long

and slender G. leptoceros.

b2. General colour darker ; horns shorter

and stouter.
as. Flank-band generally more or less

indistinct, never wholly black.
a4. A more or less distinct nose-spot.
a.5. Flank -band, pygal band, and nose-
spot faint and ill-defined ; coat
smooth.

a6. Size larger ; forehead light
rufous, lips and tip of muzzle
whitish ; horn -tips slightly in-
turned G.fuscifrons.

66. Size smaller ; forehead and
muzzle dark rufous; horn-tips

not perceptibly inturned G. bennetti.

b5. Flank-band, pygal band, and nose-
spot much darker.

a. Coat rough ; horns nearly

straight.

a1. Size larger (26-7 in. at shoul-
der) G . cuvieri.

bl. Size much smaller G. gazella.

b. Coat smooth.

a2. Size larger (24-5 in. at shoul-
der) ; horn-tips not inturned G. arabica.

6*. Size smaller (21-2 in. at shoul-
der) ; horn-tips strongly in-
turned G. muscatensis.

b*. Nose-spot variable, often absent.

a. Nose - spot usually present ;

general colour rufous fawn;
flank - band dusky rufous ;
horns short, with tips hooked
inwards; size smaller G.littoralis.

b. Nose - spot usually absent ;

general colour sandy fawn ;
flank-band indistinct ; horns

42 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

longer, with tips hooked up-
wards and forwards G. dorcas.

c. Nose -spot wanting G. pelzelni.

b3. Flank-band black.

a. Horns abruptly inturned at tips G. tilonura.

b. Horns not abruptly inturned at tips.
a1. No nose- spot ; forehead and muz-
zle rufous ; light face - stripes
buff; flank-band narrow.

a2. Size smaller G. rufifrom.

b*. Size larger G. rufina.

b1. A black nose-spot ; light face-
stripes white ; flank-band broad.
a?. Median face-stripe dark through-
out , G. albonotata.

Is. Median face-stripe interrupted

by a whitish patch on forehead G. thomsoni.
b. Nose with a soft puffy elevation G.

IV. GAZELLA SUBGUTTUEOSA.

Antilope subgutturosa, Giildenstddt, Acta Ac. Sci. Petrop. 1778r
pt. 1, p. 251, 1780; Schreber, Saugthiere, pi. cclxx B, 1785;
Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 186, 1788; Kerr, Linn.'s
Anim. Kingdom, p. 311, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge,
vol. i, p. 628, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99,
1795 ; Bechstein, Ubersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645r
1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 343, 1801; Turton,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. p. 113, 1802 ; Cuvivr, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii.
p. 227, 1804; Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 252, 1811;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Desmarest,
Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 185, 1816, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 542, 1822 ; Goldfuss, Schreber' s Saugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1196, 1818 ; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 210, vol. v, p. 331, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 372, 1827,
Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Table Regne Anim.,
Mamm. p. 176, 1842; /. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 460,
1829; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates,
vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; HohenacJcer, Bull. Soc. Moscow, vol. viii,
p. 137, 1837 ; Menetries, Cat. raison. Zool. Caucas, p. 24, 1837 ;
OJcen, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, p. 1268, 1838; Gervais,
Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261, 1840 ; Demidoff, Voyage
Russ. Merid. vol. iii, p. 61, 1840; Eichwald, Fauna Caspio-
Caucas, p. 39, 1841 ; Wagner, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 406, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 114, pi. xxxiv, 1845 ; Sundevall, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 269, 1847 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 307,
1853-55 ; de Filippi, Viaggio in Persia, p. 344, 1865 ; Fitzinger,
Sitzber. Jc. A7c. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt.. 1, p. 160, 1869; Eadde
• Sdugeth. Talysch, p. 10, 1886.

ANTILOPIN.E 43

Antilope (Gazella) subgutturosa, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 171, 1814.

Cerophorus (Gazella) subgutturosa, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, p. 75.

Gazella subgutturosa, Gray, List. Manim. Brit. Mus. p. 160, 1643,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 4, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 118, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 38, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1873;
Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 151, 1846;
TemmincJc, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853; Blyth, Cat.
Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 172, 1863; Wolf, Zool.
Sketches, pi. xxii, 1861-67 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 602,
1886, p. 2 ; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, 1870, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1873, p. 313, Eastern Persia, vol. ii, p. 91, 1876, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 528, 1891 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873,
p. 545 ; Przewalski, Mongolia (Russian ed.), p. 141, pi. i, fig. 2,
1875, Morgan's Transl. of same, vol. i, p. 207, 1876 ; Severtzow,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii, p. 170, 1876 ; Danford
and Alston, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 276, 1880, p. 55 ; Sterndale,
Mamm. India, p. 466, 1884 ; Scully, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
vol. Ivi, pt. 2, p. 56, 1887 ; JentinJc, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 137, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(ibid. vol. xi) p. 168, 1892 ; Thomas, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2,
vol. v, p. 64, 1889 ; Buchner, Melanges Biol. vol. xiii, p. 160,
1890 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 160, 1891 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 118, 1892, ed. 6, p. 246, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 242, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 180, 1893,
Great and Small Game of India, etc. p. 176, 1900, Game Animals
of India, etc. p. 192, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest, Brit. Mus. p. 31,
1913 ; Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 342,
1892 ; Satunin, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. vol. ix, p. 310, 1896, Mitt.
Kaukas. Mus. vol. ii, pp. 212 and 359, 1906, vol. iv, pp. 66 and
116, 1908, vol. vii, p. 84, 1912, Ocho:n. vest. vol. viii, p. 10, 1908 ;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 89, pi. Iv,
1898 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vol. xi, p. 185, 1898 ;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 54, 1908 ; Cuming,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xvi, p. 503, 1905 ; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887.

Antilope dorcas var. persica, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 160,

1843.

Gazella hillieriana and G. mongolica, Heude, Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp.
Chinois, vol. ii, p. 245, pis. xxxvi and xxxvii, 1894.

AHU ; GOITRED, or PERSIAN, GAZELLE.

Type of the genus.

Typical locality Persia ; probably the Bussora district.

Size medium, the shoulder-height ranging from about
25 to 27 inches. Females without horns,* and males with a
goitre-like swelling in the throat f during the rutting season ;

* Kudiments may be developed,
f Due to an inflation of the larynx.

44 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

horns of medium length, thick, evenly diverging and curving
backwards, with the tips distinctly, but not abruptly, turned
inwards and slightly upwards ; general colour in summer —
when the coat is short — dark sandy fawn, or sandy rufous ;
in winter — when the coat is longer and rougher — much
paler; face-markings indistinct, the median dark stripe
fading into white with age, and the lateral stripes incomplete ;
ears medium, short-haired even in winter ; an indistinct dark
flank-band, and a rather more pronounced pygal band;
white area of buttocks rather large ; tail crested and
blackish brown. Skull stout, with short and broad nasals ;
basal length about 6| inches in Persian specimens.

The range extends from Asia Minor and the Caucasus
through Syria, Persia, and Afghanistan to the Altai, probably
also including Baluchistan.

A.— Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa.

Gazella subgutturosa typica, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
India, etc. p. 180, 1900 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 246, 1910.

Typical locality Persia, where this race occurs at
elevations of from 3000 to 7000 feet.

Size relatively small — shoulder-height about 25 or 26
inches ; horns proportionately long, good specimens measur-
ing from 13 to 15 f inches in length, with a basal girth of
from 4 to 5 and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 3 to
9J inches.

The range is taken to include Afghanistan.

50. 10. 21. 12. Skin, immature. Euphrates Valley.

Presented by the Euphrates Expedition, 1850.

74. 11. 21. 23. Skull, with horns. Ispahan, Persia.

Presented ly Dr. W. T. Blanford, 1874.

86. 10. 15. 31. Head-skin, female. Gulran, Afghanistan ;
collected during the expedition of the Afghan Boundary
Commission, 1884-85, by Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison.

Presented by the Government of India, 1886.

86. 10. 15. 32-33. Two pairs of horns. Galicha,
Afghanistan ; same collector. Same history.

0. 6. 8. 1. Skin, mounted, in winter coat. Near Tehran,

ANTILOPIN^E 45

Persia. Figured in Great and Small Game of India. This
is a small specimen, standing about 24 inches.

Presented by the Duke of Bedford, KG., 1900.
130, a. Skin, mounted, female. Western Siberia; col-
lected by Dr. Brandt. Purchased.
78.12.21.26. Pair of horns. Saissan, W. Siberia;
collected by Dr. 0. Finsch. Length of horns 13f, basal
girth 4J, tip-to-tip interval 6 inches.

Presented ~by the Geographical Society of Bremen, 1878.

11. 8. 3. 2. Frontlet and horns apparently referable to
this specie. Syria. Presented ~by Mrs. Guy Bethell, 1911.

%* Some or all of the undermentioned specimens may
belong to G. seistanica.

71.8.7.84. Skull, with horns. Kelat, Baluchistan;
collected by Dr. Duke.

Presented ~by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

91. 8. 7. 85. Skull, with horns. Pishin Valley, Kelat;
collected by Col. Sir 0. B. St. John, K.C.B. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 100. Skull and horns. Pishin Valley;
collected by Col. Sir 0. B. St. John. In this specimen,
which stands No. 6 in Ward's 1910 list, the horns measure
13i inches in length by 4J in girth, with a tip-to-tip
interval of 4 inches.

Bequeathed by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.
12. 10. 31. 29. Skull and horns. Locality unknown.

Same history.

B. — Gazella subgntturosa sairensis.

Gazella subgutturosa sairensis, LydeTcJcer, Great and Small Game of
India, etc. p. 184, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 196,
1907 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 246, 1910 ; Hollister,
Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 19, p. 2, 1933.

Typical locality Saiar, or Jair, Mountains, Zungaria.

Larger than typical race, standing about 27 inches at the
shoulder, but with smaller horns, of which the length is
usually not more than from 10 to 11 inches, although one
specimen measuring 13f inches is known.

46 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

90. 4. 20. 9. Skin, mounted, in summer coat. Saiar
Mountains. Type.

Presented ly St. George Littledale, Esq., 1890.
90. 4. 20. 10. Skin. Same locality. Same history.
90. 4. 20. 1 1. Skin and skeleton, female. Same locality.

Same history.
90. 4. 20. 12. Skin, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

12. 4. 1. 180. Skin. Southern Zungaria ; collected by

Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1912.

12. 4. 1. 183. Skull and skin, immature female. Same

locality. Same history.

V. GAZELLA YAEKANDENSIS.

Gazella gutturosa, Forsyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, p. 324, nee
Pallas.

Gazella subgutturosa yarkandensis, Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, vol. xliv, pt. 2, p. 112, 1879, Zool. *2nd Yarkand Mission,
Mamm. p. 88, pi. xv, 1879, Sclater and Thomas, Boole of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 94, 1898 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, vol. xi, p. 187, 1898 ; Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of India, etc. p. 180, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 196,
1907.

Gazella yarcandensis, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxiii, p. 202, 1910,
Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 31, 1913 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 247, 1910, ed. 7, p. 243, 1914.

SAIKIK, or KIK ; YARKAND GAZELLE.

Typical locality plains of Yarkand, Chinese Turkestan.

The specimen figured by Blanford, which cannot be
definitely identified, must be regarded as the type. Eesembles
subgutturosa in the absence of horns in the females and the
"goitre" in the throat of the males, but differs by its
superior size — shoulder-height about 29 inches — well-
developed face-markings, larger ears, and more sublyrate
horns, which have comparatively few (about 14) ridges ; the
white area on the buttocks is, moreover, somewhat larger,
extending upwards on each side of the root of the tail.
General colour light rufous brown, or dark fawn ; median
dark face-stripe running right up forehead and splitting to
terminate at base of each horn ; between the light stripes,
with the exception of a narrow streak, the greater part of

AXTILOPIN^E 47

face, including muzzle, fawn-coloured, like back. Good
horns measure from 13 to 17 inches in length, with a girth
of from 4J to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 3 to
7J inches.

The range apparently includes the Kulja district of the
Tien Shan.

91. 8. 7. 86. Skull, with horns. Plains of Yarkand;
collected by Mr. A. Dalgleish.

Presented by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

91. 8. 7. 87. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 88. Skull, with horns, immniature. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

91. 8. 7. 90-92. Three skulls, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 30. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and
collector. This specimen stands No. 2 in Ward's 1910 list.
Length of horns 16, girth 15, tip-to-tip 3J inches. The
record length is 17 inches.

Bequeathed, ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

12. 10. 31. 31. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 32. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

92. 6. 2. 1. Skin. Aksu, Chinese Turkestan.

Presented ly Major C. S. Cumberland, 1892.
12. 4. 1. 181. Skull, with horns. Hami, N. E. Chinese
Turkestan ; collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq.

Purchased, 1912.

VI. GAZELLA SEISTANICA.

Gazella seistanica, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxiii, p. 202, 1910;
Reunion, By Mountain, Lake, and Plain, pp. 125 and 274, 1911 ;
Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 244, 1914.

Typical locality Sistan (Seistan), Eastern Persia.

Closely related to the last, but distinguished by the
smaller extent of white on the buttocks (fig. 10), the
greyish forehead (especially in old individuals), the presence
of a whitish band at base of horns, and the indistinct nose-

48 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

spot, below which the whole nmzzle is white, as well as by
the, apparently, somewhat larger ears. The horns, as in
yarkandensis, bend backwards, with their tips more or less
distinctly inturned. Probably a highland species.

10. 1. 22. 2. Skin, mounted, subadult male. Sistan.
Type. Presented ~by Lieut. -Col. E. L. Kennion, 1910.

6. 1. 2. 13. Skull, with horns, and skin. Sistan.

Presented ly the Government of India, 1906.

FIG. 10. — SISTAN GAZELLE (Gazella seistanica).
From a photograph by Lieut. -Col. Kennion.

6. 1. 2. 14. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.

Same history.
10. 12. 13. 1. Skull, with horns. Sistan.

Presented ly Capt. 0. T. Daukes, 1910.
10. 12. 13. 2. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.

Same history.

99. 6. 22. 1. Head, mounted, very old male. Helnaund

Valley, Baluchistan. Presented ly Capt. T. W. Greenfield, 1899.

12. 4. 1. 82. Frontlet and horns. (?) Baluchistan;

collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1912.

ANTILOPIN.E 49

VII. GAZELLA FUSOIFEONS.

Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 317, Eastern

Persia, vol. ii, p. 92, 1876 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 545 ;

Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 465, 1884; W. L. Sclater, Cat.

Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 160, 1891 ; LydekJcer, Nature, vol.

Ixxxiii, p. 202, 1910 ; Ward's Records of Bi'g Game, ed. 7, p. 245,

1914.
Gazella bennetti, Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 529, 1891 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 120, 1898 ;

nee Syhes.

Gazella yarkandensis kennioni, LydekJcer, Field, vol. cxi, p. 499, 1908.
Gazella hayi, LydelcJcer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 961.

It was the result of an unfortunate accident, namely the
transposition of the registration labels of two gazelles
received simultaneously at the British Museum, that a
specimen of this gazelle was described as a new African
species under the name G. liayi.

Typical locality Jalk, on the fringe of the Sistan (Seistan)
Desert, Eastern Persia.

Type (the female head figured by Blanford) in Indian
Museum, Calcutta.

Horns present in both sexes, and males without a
" goitre " (as in all the following species). Apparently
somewhat smaller than seistanica (shoulder-height probably
about 28 inches), from which it is distinguished, in addition
to the above characters, by the absence of marked inturning
of the horns, the smaller size of the white area on the
buttocks, and the light rufous fawn forehead and middle line
of face, with only the lips and the extremity of the muzzle
whitish ; the flank and pygal bands being slightly darker
than the general body-colour.

This species apparently inhabits elevations not exceeding
3000 feet ; its distributional area including Sistan (Seistan)
and probably part of Baluchistan.

8. 3. 12. 1. Head, mounted. Kain, Eastern Persia. Type
of G. yarkandensis kennioni.

Presented ly Lieut. -Col. E. L. Kennion, 1908.
10. 1. 22. 1. Skin, mounted, subadult, male (fig. 11).
Sistan, Eastern Persia. Type of G. hayi. Same donor, 1910.
10. 12. 13. 3. Skull, with horns, immature. Sistan.

Presented ly Capt. C. T. DauJces, 1910.
III. E

50

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

91. 8. 7. 78-80. Three skulls, with horns, provisionally
referred to this species. Kelat, Baluchistan; collected .by

FIG. 11. — HEAD AND NECK OF KENNION'S GAZELLE (Qazella fuscifrons).
From Lydekker, Proe. ZooL Soc. 1911.

Col. Sir 0. B. St. John, K.C.B. As G. seistanica and
G. fuscifrons occur in Sistan, they are probably also found
in Baluchistan, the latter at lower levels.

Presented ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.

VIII. GAZELLA BENKETTI.

Antilope bennettii, SyJces, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 104 ; Owen, ibid.
1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Lesson, Hist.
Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Tdbl. Eegne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 40,
1836 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Lauril-

ANTILOPIN^E 51

lard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841 ; Schinz, Synop.
Mamm. vol. ii, p. 400, 1845, Mon. Antilop. pi. iii, 6, 1848 ; Reichen-
bach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. Ill, 1845 ; Fraser, Zool. Typica,
1. xvi, 1849 ; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. India Mus. p. 166, 1851 ;
Wagner, Schreber's Siiugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 405, 1855.

Antilope arabica, Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 223, 1837.

Gazella christyi, Blyth (ex Gray], Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi,
p. 452, 1842 ; Button, ibid. vol. xv, p. 151, 1846 ; nee LicUenstein.

Gazella bennettii,* Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161, 1843, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846, List Osteol. Brit.
Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, 1850 ; Hutton, Journ.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, p. 150, 1846 ; Temminck, Esquiss.
Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853 ; Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 280, 1867 ;
Blanford, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196,
1867, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, 1871, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 315,
Eastern Persia, vol. ii,. p. 91, 1876, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm.
p. 526, 1891 ; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, p. 5, 1869 ;
McMaster, Notes on Jerdon, pp. 141 and 249, 1870 ; Stoliczka,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xli, pt. 2, p. 229, 1872; Brooke,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 544 ; Ball, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
1877, p. 172; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. E. Coll.
Surg. pt. ii, p. 264, 1884 ; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 463,
1884 ; Murray, Zool. Sind, p. 56, 1884 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 159, 1891 ; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Ley den
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 168, 1892; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 124, 1892, ed. 6, p. 247, 1910, ed. 7, p. 246, 1914 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 175, 1893, Great and Small Game
of India, etc. p. 185, 1900, Game Animals of India, etc. p. 201,
1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 30, 1913 ; Percy, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii, p. 355, 1894 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 119, pi. Ix, 1898 ;
Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 58, 1908; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887 ; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat.
Hist. Soc. vol. xxi, pp. 410 and 1194, 1912.

Antilope hazenna, I. Geoffroy, Voyage Jacquemont, Mamm. pi. Ixxiv,
pi. vi, 1844; Schinz, Mon. Antilop. pi. xxi, a, 1848; Wagner,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 406, 1855.

Tragops bennettii, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi,
pp. 11 and 695, 1847 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 116, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 62, 1852, Cat. Euminants Brit. Mus.
p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1873;
Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 522 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 233, 1862 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, p. 173, 1863.

Gazella hazenna, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853.

Tragopsis bennettii, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 157, 1869.

Tragopsis hazenna, Fitzinger, loc. cit. 1869.

Gacella bennetti, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 79, 1907.

G. bennetti of later writers.

E 2

52 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

CHINKAEA, or INDIAN GAZELLE.

Type of Tragops and Tragopsis, founded upon the
supposed absence of face-glands.

Typical locality Deccan, India.

Nearly allied to last, but smaller. Shoulder-height about
25 to 26 inches; ears shorter; whole forehead deep rufous
fawn, as is also the whole of middle line of face, including
extremity of muzzle; nose-spot ill-defined and blackish
brown; horns without any noticeable inturning of tips,
those of female apparently smaller than mfuscifrons.

Horns nearly straight, diverging slightly from bases,
with a slight S-like curvature in profile, and the tips usually
bending slightly forwards, without any perceptible inturning,
15 or 16 ridges, occasionally more ; general colour dull fawn
(light chestnut), with the dark face-stripes and muzzle deep
rufous fawn, and an ill-defined blackish brown nose-spot ;
ears medium, fawn on backs ; flank and pygal bands
brownish fawn scarcely darker than back. Basal length of
skull about 7J inches, maximum width 3£, length from
muzzle to orbit 4 inches. Good horns measure from 12 to
15f inches in length, with a basal girth of from 3£ to 4£,
and a tip-to-tip interval of from 4J to 8f inches.

The range is restricted to peninsular India and perhaps
Sind; the lowland gazelle of Eastern Persia identified by
Blanford with this species being fuscifrons.

42. 8. 6. 9. Skull, with horns, and skin. Deccan. Co-
type. Presented ly Col. W. H. Sykes, 1842.

42. 8. 6. 10. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality.
Co-type. Same history.

617, a. Pair of horns. India. Type of G. christii.

Presented ly Dr. J. Christie, about 1842.

55. 1. 20. 13. Frontlet and horns. Nepal.

Presented ly H.H. Maharaja Dhuleep Singh, 1855.

56. 5. 6. 69-70. Two skulls, with horns. Salt Kange,
Punjab ; collected by W. Theobald, Esq.

Presented ly Dr. T. Oldham, 1856.

56. 5. 6. 71-72. Two skulls, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

85. 6. 13. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Sind.

Presented ly the Karachi Museum, 1885.

ANTILOPIN.E

53

88. 3. 20. 20. Skull, with horns. Meerut district.

Presented ly E. Lydekker, Esq., 1888.

89. 11. 20. 13-14. Two frontlets and horns. Shnrol,
Bengal. Presented ly Col. J. Evans, 1889.

91. 8. 24 2. Skull, female. Gwalior.

Presented ly C. Maries, Esq., 1891.

FIG. 12.— HEAD OF INDIAN GAZELLE (Qazella bennetti).

91. 8. 7. 72. Skull, with horns. Jodpur.

Presented ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 73. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon, Punjab.

Same history.

91. 8. 7. 74-75. Two skulls, with horns. Etawah,

N.W.P. Same history.*

91. 8. 7. 76-77. Two skulls, with horns. Sirsa, Punjab.

Same history.

54 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

12. 10. 31. 23. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon. No. 20 in
Ward's 1910 list. Length of horns 12f , girth 4J, tip-to-tip
5 inches. Bequeathed ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

12. 10. 31. 24. Skull, with horns. Delhi. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 25. Skull, with horns. Gurgaon ; collected
by Mr. W. Chill. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 72. Skull, with horns. Locality unknown.

Same history.

8. 16. 15. 1. Head, mounted (fig. 12). Hissar district,
Punjab. Presented ly H. J. Vaughan, Esq., 1908.

IX. GAZELLA CUVIEEI.

Antilope cuvieri, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 34 ; Schinz, Synop.

Mamm. vol. ii, p. 399, 1845, Mon. Antilop. pi. ii, a, 1848 ; Fraser,

Zool. Typ. pi. xvii, 1849.

Gazella dorcas, var. 3, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1852.
Gazella cineraceus, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853,

from the " Kevel Gris" of F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii,

livr. Ivii, 1827.
Gazella corinna, Loche, Cat. Mamm. Algerie, p. 13, 1850, Expli.

Alger. Mamm. p. 68, 1867 ; nee Pallas.
Gazella kevella, Tristram, The Great Sahara, p. 387, 1860 ,' Lataste,

Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 296, 1885 ; Buxton,

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 633 ; nee Pallas.
Gazella cuvieri, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1873 ;

Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 542; Ward, Records of Big

Game, p. 126, 1892, ed. 6, p. 248, 1910, ed. 7, p. 248, 1914 ;

Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 233, 1893, Great and Small

Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 251,

1908; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 464, 1904, vol. ii,

p. 347 ; Pease, ibid. 1896, p. 814 ; Whitaker, ibid. 1896, p. 815 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 109, pi. Iviii,

1898; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887; Hartert, Novit.

Zool. vol. xx, p. 33, 1913.

EDMI.

Typical locality Mogador.

Nearly related tofuscifrons and bennetti, of which it may
be regarded as the African representative, but larger than the
latter, with the coat rougher than in either (in accordance
with its mountain habitat), the nose-spot larger, more denned,
and black, the lateral face-stripes, flank-band, and pygal
band darker, and the tail more thickly haired.

Size rather larger than in bennetti, shoulder- height about

ANTILOPLVK 55

26 to 27 inches. Horns relatively short, thick, strongly
ridged, but little divergent, with a very slight backward
curvature, and a small upward and forward bend at the tips ;
coat rather long, rough, and coarse ; general colour dull
fawn ; median face-stripe brownish fawn, with a large black
nose-patch, in front of which the muzzle is whitish; ears
long and pointed, with the backs fawn ; flank and pygal
bands distinct and darker than back. Basal length of skull
about 7f inches, maximum broad ch 3-|, length from muzzle
to orbit 4| inches. Fine horns measure from 11 \ to 14J
inches in length, with a basal girth of from 3J to 5, and a
tip-to tip interval of from 3| to 8 inches.

The distributional area includes the mountainous districts
of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.

53. 8. 29. 97. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Mogador; presented, when alive, by W. Will-
shire, Esq. in 1839 to the Zoological Society, in whose
menagerie it died in May of the following year. Type.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1853.

55. 12. 29. 400. Skin, mounted. K Africa ; from an
animal presented to the Zoological Society by H.M. Queen
Victoria. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

66. 12. 30. 24. Skeleton. North Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1866.

94. 4. 18. 1-3. Three frontlets, with horns. Near
Biskra, Algerian Sahara.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.

94. 8. 1. 1. Skin, mounted. Near Biskra.

Presented ly J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq., 1894.

8. 4. 11. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mettili Eange,
Barilla, Algeria. Presented ly E. Richardson Cox, Esq., 1908.

8. 4. 11. 2. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

X. GAZELLA GAZELLA.

Antilope gazella, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, ex " La Gazelle,"
Buff on, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 249, pi. xxiii, 1764; Boddaert,
Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 316, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, vol. i, p. 638, 1792;
Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Bechstein,
Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Shaw, Gen.

56

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 316, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat.

vol. i, p. 114, 1802 : teste 0. Neumann.
Gazella merrilli, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. ii, p. 347, Abs.

p. 19 ; Carruthers, Field, vol. cxiv. p, 1135, 1909.
Gazella gazella, 0. Neumann, Sitzler. Qes. nat. Freunde, 1906,

p. 245.

Typical locality Syria.

The Palestine representative of cuvieri, from which this

FIG. 13. — SKULL AND HORNS OF PALESTINE GAZELLE (Gazella gazella).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904.

species is distinguished by its somewhat inferior size and
smaller and rather differently curved horns. Coat, general
colour, and colour-pattern as in cuvieri; horns relatively
short, thick basally, and distinctly S-shaped, curving back-
wards below the tips, and forwards at the tips themselves,
with about 10 or 12 not very strongly pronounced ridges
(against from 20 to 24 bolder ones on the comparatively
straight horns of cuvieri). Skull smaller than in that
species, with the premaxillse stopping short of the nasals,
instead of forming a broad articulation with them ; basal
length 5| inches (170 mm.), maximum width 3J (88 mm.),

ANTILOPIN.E 57

length from muzzle to orbit 3-j-| inches (99 mm.). Length
of horns 9J inches (241 mm.), girth 4^g inches (108 mm.).

From arabica, to which there is a certain resemblance in
the set and curvature of the horns, this species is dis-
tinguished by its larger size ; being in fact intermediate in
this respect between cuvieri and arabica. Sclater and
Thomas, who identified it with G. dorcas, regarded Antilope
gazella, Pallas (1766), as a synonym of Capra gazella, Linn.
(= Oryx gazella), but this view is rejected by 0. Neumann ;
see Oryx gazella, infra, p. 119.

4. 12. 18. 1. Skull, with horns (fig. 13), and skin.
Hizmeh, a little north of Jerusalem, December, 1903. Type
of G. merrilli. Presented by Dr. Selah Merrill, 1904.

4. 12. 18. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and date. • Same history.

10. 3. 12. 16. Skull, with horns. Near Jerusalem;
collected by Douglas Carruthers, Esq. Purchased, 1910.

10. 3. 12. 17. Skull, with horns, immature. Same
locality. Same history.

11.8.3.1. Skull, with horns. Syria.

Presented ly Mrs. Guy Bethell, 1911.

XL GAZELLA AEABICA.

Antilope arabica, Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Sdugethiere, pi. vi, 1827;
Ehrenberg, Ehrenberg and Hemprich, Symbol. Phys. pt. 1, pi. v,
1828 ; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 460, 1829 ; Lesson, Hist. Nat.
Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 40, 1838 ; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii,
p. 1371, 1838; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 407,

1844, vol. v, p. 403, 1855 ; Beichenbach. Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
pi. xxxiii, fig. 188, 1845 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 399,

1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 4, pi. ii, 1848 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 307,
1853-55 ; Heuglin, Petermanris Mittheil. vol. vii, p. 16, 1861,
Nova Acta Ac. Goes. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 5, 1863.

Antilope cora, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 216,

vol. v, p. 333, 1827 ; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p, 287,

1836.

Gazella cora, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161, 1843.
Antilope dorcas, var., Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845,

p. 268, 1847.
Gazella vera, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, pi. iii, 1850 (vide Sclater,

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 984).

58 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Gazella arabica, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853 ;
Tristram, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 86, Fauna and Flora of
Palestine, p. 26, 1884,; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869 ; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261,
1870; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 544, 1874, p. 541;
Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 137, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 168,
1892 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 458, 1891 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 114, 1892, ed. 6, p. 251, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 249, 1907 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 179, 1893,
Great and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 202, 1901 ; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 812; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 115, pi. lix, 1898 ; Anderson and de Winton,
Zoology of Egypt, Mamm. p. 342, 1902 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 244 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 887.

GHASAL (Arabic) ; ARIEL, or AIEL (Syriac).

Typical locality Farsan Island, on Arabian coast of
Bed Sea.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Differs from cuvieri by its rather smaller size, smoother
and darker coat, and smoky brown pygal and flank bands.

Size medium, shoulder -height 24 or 25 inches. Horns
rather short and thick, nearly parallel, with a slight backward
curve, and a forward inclination at the tips ; general colour
dark smoky fawn, darker than in any of the allied species ;
median face-stripe dark rufous fawn, with a black nose-spot ;
ears medium, brownish fawn on backs ; flank- and pygal
bands dark smoky brown ; limbs more rufous than body.
Basal length of skull about 6 j inches, maximum breadth 3£,
length from muzzle to orbit 3| inches. Good horns measure
from 8J to 10J inches in length, with a basal girth of from
4 to 4J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 4 to 4J inches.

The range is restricted to western Arabia.

The species has been divided into three local races,
distinguished as follows : —

A. Flank-band present.

a. General colour dark smoky fawn G. a. erlangeri.

b. General colour pale sandy fawn like that of

dorcas G. a. rueppelli.

B. Flank-band wanting G. a. arabica.

Whether these characters are constant, the specimens in
the Museum are insufficient to determine.

ANTILOPIN^E 59

A.— Gazella arabica arabica.

Gazella arabica typica, Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 251,
1910.

Typical locality Farsan Island, Eed Sea.
General colour lighter than in the next race, with the
dark flank-band obsolete.
No specimen in collection.

B.— Gazella arabica erlang-eri.

Gazella bennetti, Ycrbury and Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 555,

nee Sykes.
Gazella arabica erlangeri, 0. Neumann. Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,

1906, p. 244; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 251, 1910.

Typical locality Lahejh, north of Aden, Arabia.

Type in the collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

General colour dark smoky fawn, with a strongly
pronounced blackish flank-band.

69. 10. 24. 100. Skull, with horns. Mocha, south-
western Arabia. Presented by Dr. W. T. Blanjord, 1869.

96. 12. 41-2. Two skulls, with horns, imperfect, and
skins. Aden. Presented ~by E. N. Buxton, Esq., 1896.

97. 1. 5. 15. Skin, mounted. Near Aden ; from the
collection of Sir Victor Brooke, Bart.

Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.
97. 11. 20. 4. Skin, mounted. Near Aden.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1897 .

C.— Gazella arabica rueppelli.

Gazella arabica rueppelli, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 244 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 151, 1910.

Typical locality Syria.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann. Described as
being much paler than either of the other races, and
resembling G. dorcas in general colour, with the chestnut
face and dark nose-spot of Gr. a. erlangeri.

64. 8. 17. 16. Skin, immature. Mountains of Palestine.
Presented by Rev. Canon H. B. Tristram, 1864.

60 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

XII. GAZELLA MUSCATENSIS.

Gazella muscatensis, Brooke, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1874, p. 141, pi. xxii;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 179, 1893, Great and Small Game
of Europe, etc. p. 204, 1901; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 451, 1903, vol. ii, p. 317 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 155, pi. Ixv, 1898.

Typical locality Muscat, Oman, eastern Arabia.

Nearly allied to G. arabica, but smaller — the shoulder-
height being only about 21 to 22 inches — and with the tips of
the relatively short horns markedly inturned. General colour
dark rufous fawn, closely approximating to the smoky fawn
of the Aden race of arabica^; dark flank-band blackish, light
one obsolete ; median face-stripe deep rufous with a blackish
nose-patch, light lateral stripes narrow and well defined, but
the dark external ones not defined from fawn of cheeks ; limbs
white only on inner surfaces of upper segment of front pair
and thighs, with brownish knee-tufts. Basal length of adult
female skull 5f , maximum breadth 2J-, length from muzzle
to orbit 2| inches.

75. 10. 7. 1. Skul], imperfect, bones of trunk, and skin.
Muscat, Oman ; collected by Lieut.-Col. Sir C. B. Euan
Smith, K.C.B. Type. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1875.

94. 3. 9. 5. Skin, mounted. Rhode, east of Oman.

Presented by Lieut.-Col. A. S. Gf. Jayakar, 1894.

94. 3. 9. 6. Skin, mounted, female. Sharkeyeh, east of
Oman. Same history.

94. 3. 9. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin. Khode.

Same history.

94. 3. 9. 8-9. Two skulls, with horns, and skins, female.
Khode. Same history.

XIII. GAZELLA MARICA.

Gazella marica, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xix, p. 162,
1897 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 95,
pi. Ivi, 1898 ; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Europe, etc.
p. 201, 1901 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 88.

KHIM (in common with several other gazelles).

Typical locality Nejd, central Arabia.
A pale-coloured desert form, of the approximate size of
muscatensis, but with longer and more regularly incurving

ANTILOPIN.E 61

horns and a white forehead. General colour pale fawn ;
fawn face-streaks nearly obsolete, when distinguishable, not
darker than general body-colour and but slightly defined
from intervening white streaks ; ears long, whitish fawn on
the backs ; pale flank-band practically obsolete, and the dark
one, as well as that on front border of rump-patch, pale
brown and scarcely deeper in tint than the general colour,
into which it merges ; limbs mainly whitish, the fawn being
restricted to the front surface of the fore-legs as far as the
knees, and to the outer side of the hind-legs to some distance
below the hocks. Basal length of skull 6J, maximum width
3^, length from muzzle to orbit 3J inches.

In the Book of Antelopes (although not in the original
description) this species is stated, apparently on account of
the slight development of the face-markings, to be related to
G. subgutturosa, to which, however, it seems to have no real
affinity, the females having horns and the males apparently
lacking a goitre. The range includes the desert tract from
Nejd to western Oman.

97. 1. 14. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Desert near
Nejd. Type. Presented ly Lieut.-Col. A. S. G. Jayakar, 1897.

97. 1. 14. 6. Skeleton and skin. Same locality.

Same history.

97. 1. 14. 7-8. Two skeletons and skins, immature.
Same locality. Same history.

97. 1. 14. 9. Skeleton and skin, female. Abrec Dahireh,
Oman. Same history.

98. 5. 4. 1. Skull, with horns. Habur, near Adam,
Oman. Same donor, 1898.

XIV. GAZELLA KUFIFKONS.

Le Kevel, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. i, livr. 1, pi. 109, 1818.

Corinne, F. Cuvier, op. cit. vol. ii, livr. 36, pi. 229, 1822, and Corinne
jeune, vol. iv, livr. 72, pi. 426, 1842.

Antilope kevella, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 (teste Pocock, Proc. Zoo. Soc. 1910,
p. 887), nee Pallas.

Gazella rufifrons, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
pp. 214 and 231, 1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, pi. v, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 115, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 60,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1873 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.

62 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1873, p. 540 ; Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 140, 1883 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 232, 1893, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 256,
1908, Suppl. p. 13, 1911 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 159,
1896, ed. 6, p. 262, 1910, ed. 7, p. 260, 1907 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 163, pi. Ixvii, 1898; Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 301 ; Alexander, From Niger to Nile,
vol. ii, p. 393, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887,
1912, p. 5.

Gazella (Eudorcas) laevipes senegalensis, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Gazella (Korin) rufifrons, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39,
1872.

Type of Eudorcas and Korin.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Size medium, build relatively stout. Horns com-
paratively short, heavily ringed, evenly divergent, slightly
curved backwards, and turning forwards at the tips ; general
colour deep sandy rufous, brightening into rich rufous on
the lateral and broad median face-stripes ; no dark nose-
spot; light face -stripes buff; a broad sandy buff light
flank-band, below which is a narrow black one ; pygal band
nearly obsolete ; root of tail sandy. Skull with rather short
and (especially posteriorly) broad nasals, and narrow nasal
aperture ; basal length 7 inches, maximum breadth 3, length
from orbit to muzzle 4 inches. Length of good horns 11 to
13| inches, basal girth 4J to 5J, tip-to-tip interval 3f to
*7J inches.

The alleged absence of knee-tufts is denied by Pocock ; *
their presence in G. r. Icevipes being mentioned by Lonnberg,
as cited under the heading of that race.

The range extends from Senegambia and Nigeria to
Kordofan and other parts of the Eastern Sudan.

The named races are distinguishable as follows : —

A. General colour rufous fawn.

a. Colour darker ; more buff on face G. r. rufifrons.

b. Colour paler; less buff on face G. r. Icevipes.

B. General colour ochery fawn.

a. General colour pure ochery G. r. hasleri.

b. General colour browner.

a'. Colour lighter G. r. kanuri.

b'. Colour deeper G. r. centralis.

* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 6.

ANTILOPINJ5 63

A. — Gazella rufifrons rufifrons.

Gazella rufifrons typica, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 262,
1910, ed. 7, p. 261, 1914.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Median face-stripe and forehead bright rufous ; lateral
face-stripes buff from eye to nostril ; cheeks from face-gland
to lip pale huffish rufous ; crown and neck rufous buff.

44. 1. 18. 24. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Senegambia. This specimen (Nos. 411, b, and 411, c, of Gray's
Catalogues) and Nos. 413, c, 46. 1. 10. 4, and 46. 11. 20. 8,
are co-types of the species.

Presented ly the Earl of Derby, 1844.
413, c. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Senegambia.

Presented ~by the Earl of Derby.

45. 10. 4. 1 (413,^). Skull, with horns, immature
female. Senegambia. Same donor, 1845.

46. 1. 10. 4 (411, d). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Senegambia. Same donor, 1846.

46. 11. 20. 8 (411, a). Skull, with horns, and skin,
immature female. Senegambia. Same history.

66. 4. 25. 6. Skeleton, female. Senegambia.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1866.
4. 7. 9. 4. Skull,, with horns. Bida, Northern Nigeria.

Presented ly Capt. H. Cock, 1904.

4. 7. 9. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

4. 7. 9. 6. Skull, with horns. Kalani, west of Sokoto.

Same history.

4. 7. 9. 7. Skull, with horns. Fakai, Northern Nigeria.

Same history.

4. 7. 9. 8. Skull, with horns, female. Argungu, Northern
Nigeria. Same history.

5. 5. 10. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wase, Nigeria.

Presented ly Dr. H. K. W. Kumm, 1905.
9. 11. 2. 31. Skull, with horns, and skin. Longol, Sene-
gambia ; collected by Mr. W. T. Eiggenback. Purchased, 1909.
9. 11. 2. 32. Skin. Ogo, Longol. Same history.

9. 11. 2. 33. Skin, female. Gassane, Longol.

Same history.

64 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.— Gazella rufifrons Jsevipes.

Antilope laevipes, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet. -Ah. Handl. 1845,

p. 266, 1847, form a ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.

vol. v, p. 404, 1855 ; Heuglin, Nova Ada Ac. Cces. Leop.-Car.

vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, Eeise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 100,

1877.
Antilope leptoceros, Heuglin, Nova Acta, op. cit. p. 7, 1863 ; nee

Geoffroy.

Gazella salmi, Lorenz, Sitzber. Jc. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1906, p. 28.
Gazella rufifrons salmi, Lydeklcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 257,

1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 263, 1910.
Gazella rufifrons Igevipes, Lonnberg, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi, p. 155, 1914 ;

Wood's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 261, 1914.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

Closely allied to typical race, but apparently paler in
colour, with a smaller amount of buff on face, a broader dark
flank-band, and longer horns, more incurved at tips.

General colour pale yellowish brown; longer hairs on
forehead, crown, nose, back of neck, and a patch on cheeks
rufous ; area round eye and an ill-defined streak extending
thence towards nose whitish; upper lip isabelle-fawn on
sides, whitish in front; lower lip, chin, and throat also
whitish ; backs of ears pale fawn, becoming whitish at base
laterally, inner sides, margins, and tips with long white
hairs. Horns in profile recalling those of G. tliomsoni (infra),
in front view more or less lyrate, with the tips inclined
strongly inwards and slightly forwards.

The range includes Kordofan, El Obeid, and other parts
of the Eastern Sudan, extending to the Blue Kile and
Binder Valleys.

Sclater and Thomas tentatively identified the eastern
form of Sundevall's G. Icevipes with G. rufina, but it has
been definitely proved by Lonnberg to be the same as the
so-called G. salmi.

99. 7. 1. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Faki Kowi,
on the White Nile, 200 miles south of Khartum.

Presented ~by F. Surges, Esq., 1899.

99. 7. 1. 3. Skull, with horns, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

0. 8. 6. 9. Skull, with horns, and skin. White Nile.

Presented ty Capt. S. S. Flower, 1900.

ANTILOPIN^E 65

0. 8. 6. 10. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. White
Nile. Same history.

0. 8. 6. 11. Skin, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 8. 8. 43. Skull, with horns, imperfect, and skin,
female. Kaka, White Nile.

Presented ly R. Me. D. Hawker, Esq., 1901.

3. 2. 8. 33. Skull, with horns, and skin. Agageh,

Sudan. Presented ly Major H. N. Dunn, 1903.

3. 2. 8. 34. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same

locality. Same history.

7. 2. 23. 2. Skull, with horns. White Nile.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
9. 9. 14. 1. Head, mounted. White Nile.

Presented ly Norman B. Smith, Esq., 1909.

C.— Gazella rufifrons hasleri.

Gazella rufifrons hasleri, PococTc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 5, Abs.
P. Z. S. 1912, p. 47.

Typical locality Kano, Northern Nigeria.

Distinguished by the ochery fawn general colour, with a
paler zone above dark flank-band; tail coloured like back
for its basal inch, elsewhere black above; dark band
bordering white area on buttocks faint; forehead darker
and deeper in colour than cheeks and neck, with a few white
hairs between horns. The white nose of the type specimen
is almost certainly either an individual peculiarity or a
feature induced by captivity.

12. 12. 22. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kano,
Northern Nigeria. Type.

Presented ly the Zoological Society, 1912.

D.— Gazella rufifrons kanuri.

Gazella rufifrons kanuri, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 40, 1914.

Typical locality Lower Shari Valley, Lake Chad district.
Type in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.
Allied to hasleri, but the general colour tending to pale
ill. F

66 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

brownish rather than ochery, and the horns very slightly
divergent, spreading only at tips. General colour cinnamon,
darkening on forehead ; flanks slightly darker and duller ;
thighs paler than ordinary buff; light facial stripes rather
broad ; flank-band brownish black ; skull narrow across orbits
(postorbital width 3-/B- inches = 86 Him.), with long rostrum
and narrow palate; basal length 7£ inches (180 mm.).

7. 7. 8. 210-211. Two skulls, one immature, with horns,
and skins. Yo, Lake Chad district; collected during the
Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented ly the Alexander- Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 212. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality and collection. The reference of both this and the
preceding specimens to the present race is provisional.

Same history.

E.— Gazella rufifrons centralis.

Gazella rufifrons centralis, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 40, 1914.

Typical locality Magretta, near Melfi, Bagirmi.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-ani-Main.

General colour darker cinnamon than in kanuri, not
deeper on forehead, but becoming paler on flanks and thighs ;
flank-stripe black ; horns of medium length, diverging nearly
from bases and spreading at tips. Skull with prominent
orbits (postorbital width 3f inches = 97*3 mm.), short,
narrow rostrum, and rather broad palate; basal length
7^5- inches (185 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

XV. GAZELLA BUFINA.

Gazella rufina, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 467 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 167, 1898 ; LydekJcer,
Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 259, 1908 ; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 35, 1913 ;
Lonriberg, Novit. Zool. vol. xxi, p. 157, 1914.

Typical locality not definitely known, but probably the
interior of Algeria.

67

Apparently a larger form closely related to the typical
race of rufifrons, with a richer rufous colouring, and the
knee-tufts dull rufous. Skull larger and heavier than in
rvfifrons, with the lachrymal pits larger and deeper, the
nasal aperture relatively shorter and broader, and the upper

FIG. 14. — SKULL AND HORNS OP RED GAZELLE (Gazella rufina).
From Thomas, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1894.

line of the premaxillae more curved ; basal length about
maximum width 3f , length from muzzle to orbit 4J inches ;
length of horns in type llf inches.

94. 6. 4. 1. Skull, with horns (fig. 14), and skin.
Purchased by donor in Algiers. Type.

Presented ly Sir E. G. Loder, Bart., 1894.

XVI. GAZELLA LEPTOCEROS.

Antilope leptoceros, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv, livr. Ixxii,
pis. 424 and 425, 1842 ; Wagner, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 422, 1844, vol. v, p. 407, 1855 ; ScJiinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 445, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 34, pi. xxxviii, 1848;
SundevaU, K. Svenska Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1845, p. 269, 1847;
Giebel, SdugetJiiere, p. 309, 1853-55 ; Heuglin, Beise Nordost-
Africa, vol. ii, p. 100, 1877.

F 2

68 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Antilope (Leptoceros) leptoceros, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere,
Suppl. vol. iv, p. 422, 1844.

Gazella dorcas, var. 4, Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 57, 1852.

Gazella leptoceros, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853 ;
Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 543 ; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 234, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 254, 1908 r Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 137, 1898 ; Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1899, p. 593 ; Johnston, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 349,
1899 ; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 343,
pi. Ixi, 1902 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 258, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 257, 1914.

Leptoceros abu-harab, "I Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol.

Leptoceros cuvieri, / lix, pt. 1, p. 160, 1869.

Gazella loderi, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 522 ; Bramley, ibid.
1895, p. 863 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 169, 1869.

Gazella leptoceros abu-harah, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 255, 1908.

EHIM — a name also applied to other gazelles.

Type of Leptoceros, Wagner, nee Leach.

Typical locality apparently Sennar.

Size medium; shoulder-height about 25 inches. Horns
long — about twice length of skull — slender, closely ridged
nearly to tips ; usually almost straight, with a slight back-
ward bend, but displaying considerable individual variation
in regard to divergence ; general colour pale sandy fawn,
with the usual markings faint and ill-defined ; median face-
stripe and dark lateral stripes sandy and contrasting but
slightly with the white ones ; flank and pygal bands pale
sandy with a brownish wash, only a little darker than back ;
ears long, narrow, and pointed, with the backs whitish buff ;
tail sandy at root, darkening to brownish black towards tip ;
fronts of fore-limbs sandy, of hind-limbs whitish ; -knee-tufts
but little darker than general colour. Skull with preinaxillge
articulating broadly with nasals ; basal length about 6 J inches,
maximum breadth 3J, length from muzzle to orbit 3f inches.
Good horns measure from 13 to 15J- inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 3 J to 4£, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging
from 3J to 10 J inches.

The distributional area includes the sandy tracts of the
interior of Algeria, Tunisia, and the Eastern Sudan as far
south as Nubia and Sennar.

ANTILOPIX.E 69

A.— Gazella leptoeeros leptoeeros.

Gazella leptoeeros typica, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 149, 1898.

Typical locality apparently Sennar.
General characters those of the species.
95. 10. 15. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Western
part of Libyan Desert ; collected by A. E. Bird wood, Esq.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1895.
5. 12. 12. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, Wadi-Natrun,
Egypt ; collected by Jennings Bramley, Esq.

Presented ly Mrs. John Anderson, 1905.

B.— Gazella leptoeeros loderi.

Gazella loderi, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xiii, p. 452,
1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 470, pi. xxxii ; Loder, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1894, p. 473; Pease, ibid. 1896, p. 813; Whitaker, ibid.
1896, p. 816.

Gazella leptoeeros loderi, Sclater and Thomas, Boole of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 148, 1894 ; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 33, 1913 ;
Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 258, 1914.

Typical locality the sand-dunes in the neighbourhood of
Biskra, Central Algeria, to which area, together with the
adjacent part of Tunisia, this race is restricted.

Separated by Sclater and Thomas as a distinct race, but
points of difference from typical race not known.

94. 6. 4. 2. Skull, with horns (fig. 15), and skin. Ten
miles south of Biskra. Type.

Presented ly Sir E. G. Loder, Bart.,. 1894.
94. 6. 4. 3. Frontlet and horns. Purchased at Biskra.

Same history.
94. 6. 4. 4. Skull, with horns. South of Biskra.

Same history.

94. 4. 18. 4. Frontlet and horns. Purchased at Biskra.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.

95. 8. 20. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. South of Choff-
Jerid, Tunisia. Presented ly J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq., 1895.

95. 8. 20. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

70

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

FIG. 15. — SKULL AND HORNS OF EHIM OB LODEB'S GAZELLE

(Gazella leptoceros loderi).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894.

XVII. GAZELLA DOKCAS.

Capra dorcas, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12, vol. i,
p. 96, 1766, ex " Gazella africana, cornibus brevibus," Ray,
Quadrupeds, p. 80, 1693.

Antilope kevella, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i,
p. 12, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 15, 1777, ex " Le Kevel," Buffon, Hist.
Nat. vol. xii, p. 258, pi. xxvi, 1764 ; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl.
p. 54, 1766 ; Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 287, 1777 ; Zimmer-
mann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 543, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii,
p. 177, 1780 ; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780 ; Schreber,
Sdugthiere, pi. cclxx, 1785 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142,
1785; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 187, 1788; Kerr,
Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 313, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Natur-
gesch.vol. ii, p. 1795; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 351,

ANTILOPIN.E 71

1801 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 380, 1803,
vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 33, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 184, 1816 ; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 436, 1814; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 213, vol. v, p. 332, 1827.

(?) Antilope corinna, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 7, 1766, ex " La Corinne,"
Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 261, pi. xxvii, 1764; Erxleben,
Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 291, 1777; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxxi,
1785 ; Boddaert, Elenclms Anim. p. 143, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 188, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 313, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ;
Bcchstein, Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645, 1800 ;
Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. vi, p. 219, 1803, vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 33, 1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 184, 1816 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosie,
vol. iii, p. 430, 1814; Goldfuss, Schreber' s Sdugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1193, 1818; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 214, vol. v, p. 333, 1827.

Antilope dorcas, Pallas, Sjpicil. Zool. fasc. i, p. 11, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 15,
1777; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 54, 1776; Erxleben, Syst.
Eegn. Anim. p. 285, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 543, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 117, 1780 ; Gatterer,
Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 82, 1780; Hermann, Tabl. Affin. Anim.
p. 108, 1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxix, 1785; Gmelin,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 187, 1788; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 313, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 630,
1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ; Cuvier,
Tabl. Mem. Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 225,
1804, Regne Animal, vol. i, p. 259, 1817 ; Bechstein, Uebersicht
vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 644, 1800 ; Lacepede, Mem. Inst.
Paris, Sci. Phys. vol. iii, p. 498, 1801 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 350, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 113,
1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 32,
1804, ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 183, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 453,
1822; Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. i, p. 409, 1808; Lichtenstein,
Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 168, 1814 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 426, 1814; Afzelius. Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815 ; Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75 ; Schinz,
Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 328, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 398, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 3, pi. i, 1848 ; Desmoulins, Diet.
Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 440, 1822 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 372,
1827, Hist. Nat. Anim., Mamm. vol. x, p. 286, 1836, Nouv. Tabl.
Regne Anim. p. 176, 1842 ; H. Smith, Griffiths Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 212, vol. v, p. 332, 1827 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 459, 1829 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; OJten, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1369, 1836 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 614, 1841 ; Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 386, 1844 ; Wagner,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 405, 1844, vol. v, p. 403,
1855 ; Sundevall, K. SvensJca Vei.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 267, 1847 ;
Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 305, 1853-55; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac.
Cces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 5, 1863, partim ; Brehm,
Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 205, 1880.

Cemas dorcas, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 737,
1816.

Cemas kevella, OJcen, op. cit. p. 738, 1816.

Cemas maculata, Oken, loc. cit. 1816.

72 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Cerophorus (Gazella) kevella, Blainville, Bull. Soc. PMlom. 1816,
p. 75.

(?) Cerophorus (Gazella) corinna, Blainville, loc. cit. 1816.

Dorcas dorcas, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 307, 1821.

Gazella dorcas, Ogilbij, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 137 ; Gray, List
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 56, 1847, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, pi. iii,
1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 112, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 55, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 106, 1873 ; TemmincJc, Esquiss. Zool.
Guine, p. 193, 1853 ; Loche, Cat. Mamm. Algerie, p. 13, 1858,
Explor. Alger., Mamm. p. 67, 1867 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. ~k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1873, p. 537 ; Danford and Alston, ibid. 1877, p. 276, 1880, p. 55 ;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 263,
1884; Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 295,
1885, Cat. Mamm. Tunisie, p. 36, 1887; Jentink, Cat. Osteol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 136, 1889, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden Mus. (ibid. vol. xi) p. 167, 1892 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 157, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 114, 1892, ed. 6, p. 252, 1910, ed. 7, p. 250, 1914;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 180, 1893, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 334, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 248, 1908,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 961 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 469 ; Sclater, ibid. 1895, p. 523 ; Pease, ibid. 1896, p. 812 ;
Whitaker, ibid. 1896, p. 815 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 99, 1898; Anderson and de Winton, Zool.
of Egypt, Mamm. p. 340, pi. Ix, 1902 ; Lortet and Gaillard, Arch.
Mus. Lyon, ser. 4, vol. viii, no. 2, p. 82, 1903 ; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 393, 1907 ; Beccari, Monit. Zool. ital.
vol. xx, p. 1, 1909; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887;
Gaillard, Rev. Ethnogr. et Social. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 8 ;
Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 292, 1913 ;
Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 34, 1913.*

Gazella dorcas sundevalli, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol.
lix, pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Gacella dorcas, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 76, 1907.

(?) Gazella isabella, Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ser. 4,
.vol. viii, no. 2, p. 85, 1903; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 34,
1913.

DORCAS GAZELLE.

Type of Dorcas.

Typical locality Egypt.f

Size small or medium, the shoulder-height ranging from
21 or 22 to about 24 J inches. Typically, horns of medium
length, and markedly different in shape from those of any
other species, "being compressed, evenly divergent as they

* In many of the above passages reference to the form now
separated as G. littoralis is included,
f Vide Blaine, op. cit.

ANTILOPIN^: 73

curve backwards, and approximating terminally, with the
tips bent upwards in a well-marked curve ; in addition to
this simple curvature the middle portion of each horn is bent
outwards in a lyre-shape, so that the larger diameter of a
transverse section above is in quite a different plane to what
it is lower down, and it is in consequence of this lyrate form
that the horns, quite apart from the tips, are approximated
terminally, whereas in other species such approximation is
due solely to the incurving of the tips.* General colour pale
sandy fawn, somewhat variable in tone individually ; fore-
head and median face-stripe rufous fawn, generally without
a nose-spot, lateral face-stripes brownish fawn ; ears rather
long (about 4-J-J inches), whitish fawn on backs ; flank-band
brown, considerably darker than back ; pygal band indistinct.
In a typical specimen the basal length of the skull was
6| inches, the maximum breadth 3|, and the length from
muzzle to orbit 3| inches ; some distinctive features of the
skull are mentioned under the heading of littoralis. Fine
horns measure from 12 to 13| inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 3£ to 4J.

The range includes Egypt, Abyssinia, Kordofan, Tripoli,
the Algerian Sahara, and the Lake Chad district.

A. — Gazella dorcas doreas.

Typical locality Egypt.

Characters those given under the heading of the species.
The range co-extensive with that of the species, exclusive
of Abyssinia.

616. a-d. Four frontlets and horns. North Africa.

No history.
616, g-li. Two frontlets and horns. North Africa.

No history.
616, i. Skull, with horns. K Africa.

Presented by Sir J. Wilkinson.

46. 11. 20. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin (48. 8. 19. 2),

female. Kordofan. Purchased, 1846.

46. 6. 15. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.

Kordofan. Same history.

* Sclater and Thomas, op. cit.

74

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

50. 11. 22. 24. Skeleton. North Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.
59. 9. 12. 3. Skin, mounted, immature. North Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1859..

93. 4. 10. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Biskra,

Algerian Sahara. Purchased ( Ward), 1893.

FIG. 16. — HEAD AND NECK OP DORCAS GAZELLE (Gazella dorcas).
Lydekker, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1911.

93. 4. 10. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.

Same history^

95. 6. 7. 2. Skin, mounted (fig. 16). Biskra. Head
figured, Proc. Zool Soc., 1911, p. 962.

Presented by Sir E. G. Loder, Bart., 1895.
2. 11. 4. 79 and 81. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Limhersuk, Tripoli ; collected by Mr. E. Dods.

Presented by J. I. S. Wliitaker, Esq., 1902.

ANTILOPIN.E 75

2. 11. 40. 80. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Koshbi, Tripoli ; same collector. Same history.

5. 9. 1. 13. Skull, imperfect, with horns, and skin.
Rio de Oro, Western Sahara ; collected by Herr Riggenbach.
Presented ly the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1905.
7. 7. 8. 200, 209. Two skulls, with horns, and skin.
Yo, Lake Chad ; collected by the Alexander-Gosling Expedi-
tion. One specimen represents an immature animal.

Presented ly the Alexander- Gosling Expedition, 1907.

9. 7. 3. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Forty miles
W. of Duevin, Kordofan. Presented ly Lord Villiers, 1909.

The following specimen represents a gazelle with longer
limbs and less curved horns than the typical dorcas.

10. 1. 26. 1. Skin, mounted. Between Biskra and
Constantine. Presented ly M. V. Hay, Esq., 1910.

B.— Gazella doreas Isabella.

Gazella Isabella, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, pp. 214
and 231, 1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 4, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 113, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 52, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 38, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 107, 1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 233, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. ~k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 591, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 539 ; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 65, 1887 ; W. L. Sclater,
Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pfc. ii, p. 157, 1891 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 116, 1892, ed. 6, p. 260, 1910 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Boole of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 151, pi. Ixiv, 1898; LydeJcJcer,
Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 255, 1908; Pousargues, Bull. Mus. Paris, 1901,
p. 341 ; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 347,
1902.

Antilope isidis, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1845, p. 267,

1847.

Gazella dorcas, Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, pi. i, figs. 1, 1 «,
1870, nee Ogilby.

Gazella isabellina, LydehJcer, Horns and Hoofs, p. 232, 1893.

Gazella dorcas Isabella, Blaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi,
p. 294, 1913 ; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 252, 1914.

Typical (and only) locality Abyssinia.

The Abyssinian form of the dorcas, characterised by its
relatively large size (25 inches at shoulder), the less distinctly
lyrate, but very variable, horns, the tendency to brownish
in the general colour, and the (usually) less distinct flank-

76 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

band ; a darker nose-patch may develop in the lower part of
the rufous median face-stripe in old individuals.

412, a. Skull, with horns, and skin. Abyssinia. Type.

No history.

61. 2. 30. 13. Skull, with horns. Abyssinia.

Presented ly W. C. Harris, Esq., 1861.

69. 10. 24. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Amba Valley, Sambur, Abyssinia; collected during the
Abyssinian Expedition of 1869 by Dr. W. T. Blanford, and
horns figured by him, op. cit. fig. 1 a.

Presented by the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869.

69. 10. 24. 101. Skull, with horns. Komayli, near
Zulla, Abyssinia; same collection. Horns figured, op. cit.
fig. 1. Same history.

73. 8. 29. 9. Skull, with horns, and (?) skeleton.
Dembelas, Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

97. 1. 5. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Anseta
Valley, Abyssinia ; collected by Mr. Essler. Sir Victor
Brooke's collection.

Presented by Sir Douglas Brooke, Bart., 1897.

GAZELLA, sp. non. det.

10. 3. 12. 15. Imperfect skull, with horns. East of
Katrane Bellia, Palestine.

Presented by Douglas Carruthers, Esq., 1910.

XVIII. GAZELLA LITTOEALIS.

Oazella littoralis, Elaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 295,
1913 ; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 252, 1914.

(?)Gazella Isabella, Miller, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xlii, p. 171,
1902.*

Typical locality Khorasot, Nubian Desert.

Eather smaller than dorcas. Horns shorter than in
dorcas, regularly diverging from base slightly outwards and
then curving backwards, with their tips sharply hooked
inwards at right angles, or rather less ; general colour soft
reddish fawn, with a lighter flank-band, and the dark flank-

* Miller's specimens came from the Nubian desert, the type
locality of littoralis.

ANTILOPIN.E 77

band rich rufous or madder-brown ; under-parts white,
sharply divided from coloured area, as is also stripe on
buttocks ; median facial stripe deep rufous, light facial
stripes white, and dark ones blackish ; a blackish nose-spot
ears long, typically 5^ inches (140 min.), against 4]-| inches,
(125 mm.) in dorcas. Skull long and low, with the brain-
case flatter, and the parabola from crown to occiput less
nearly vertical than in dorcas; basisphenoid more nearly
horizontal than in latter; palatal surface of maxillae in
neighbourhood of palatines convex, but anteriorly running
into a median groove, and flattening out above palatine
foramina into a pair of converging flanges ; premaxillse nearly
straight ; auditory bullae small ; upper row of cheek-teeth
longer than in dorcas, but molars narrower.

A.— Gazella littoralis littoralis.

Typical locality Korasot, Nubian Desert.

General characters as above. Maximum width of skull
6 }f inches (174 — in one case 167 mm.); maximum orbital
width 3^- inches (77 mm.) ; length of upper series of cheek-
teeth 2§ inches (56 — in one case 53 min.).

The range includes the Eed Sea littoral from Suakin
northwards and the adjacent desert tract.

11. 10. 29. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Khorasot,
Nubian Desert. Type. Presented ly W. B. Cotton, Esq., 1911.

11. 10. 29. 7. Another specimen. Khor Fagada, Nubian
Desert. Same history.

11. 10. 29. 8. Skull, with horns. Khorasot.

Same history.

11. 10. 29. 9. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Atra,
Kabai Hills, Nubian Desert. Same history.

129, a. Skull, with horns, and skin. Eed Sea Littoral.

Purchased (Cross).

129, c. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
region. Same history.

38. 4. 16. 19. Imperfect skull, with horns, and skin.
Same region. Purchased, 1838.

97. 12. 20. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Suakin. Presented ly Major W. S. Sparkes, 1897.

78 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

97. 12. 21. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakin.

Presented ly Capt. C. Fleming ', 1897.
10. 1. 24. 1. Head, mounted. Suakin.

Presented ly G. C. Whitaker, Esq., 1910.
12. 12. 6. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakin.

Presented ly F. M. Carleton, Esq., 1912.

12. 12. 6. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.

Suakin. Same history.

B.— Gazella littoralis osiris.

Gazella littoralis osiris, Elaine, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi,
p. 295, 1913.

Paler than typical race, in which respect the present
race resembles dorcas, although distinguished by presence
of a nose-spot, which is generally wanting in latter; ears
shorter than in typical race 5^ inches (128 mm.) ; horns
with a bleached appearance, instead of deep black.

Typical locality Nakheila, near the junction of the
Atbara with the Mle, Upper Egypt.

4. 11. 3. 105. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nakheila,
Upper Egypt. Type.

Presented ly the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, 1904.

4. 11. 3. 104, 106. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Same locality. Same history.

4. 11. 3. 107. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Same locality. Same history.

4. 11. 3. 108. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Same
locality. Same history.

4. 11. 3. 109. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

4. 11. 3. 110. Skin, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

XIX. GAZELLA PELZELNI.

Gazella spekei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 450 ; Phillips, ibid.

1885. p. 931 ; nee Blyth.
G&zell&ipelzelm, Kohl, Sitzber.zool. -hot. Ges. Wien, 1S8Q,Ann.Hofmus.

Wien, vol. i, p. 70, pis. iii and iv, 1886 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1891, p. 211 ; Sclater, ibid. 1892, pp. 100 and 102; Swayne, ibid.

1892, p. 306, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 316, 1895 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 113, 1892, ed. 6, p. 256, 1910, ed. 7,

ANTILOPIN.E 79

p. 255, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 238, 1893, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 253, 1908 ; Hoyos, Zu denAulihan, p. 178, pi. x, fig. 1 ;
Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Publ. vol. i, p. 119, 1897 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 133, pi. Ixii, 1898;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali, p. 77, 1910.
Oacella pelzelni, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 77, 1907.

DHERO (Somali) ; PELZELN'S GAZELLE.

Typical locality maritime plains of northern Sornaliland,
to which zone the species is restricted, being replaced by the
next in the interior.

Type in Vienna Museum.

Size medium ; shoulder-height probably about 25 inches.
Horns of medium length, evenly divergent, with a slight
backward curvature, and a rather more marked forward bend
at tips ; general colour brownish fawn with a rufous tinge ;
forehead and median face-stripe dark fawn; no nose-spot;
lateral face-stripes short and somewhat indistinct; flank-
band rufous brown, slightly deeper in tone than back ; pygal
band distinct, brown. Skull relatively narrow, with long
narrow nasals, articulating broadly with premaxillse ; basal
length 6J, maximum width 3£, length from muzzle to orbit
3£ inches. Horns measure from 11 J to 14 inches in length,
with a basal girth of from 3J to 4J, and a tip-to- tip interval
of 4j to 6 J inches.

88. 6. 20. 9. Head-skin, in spirit. Berbera district.

Presented ly E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1888.

91. 6. 20. 6. Skin, mounted. Berbera district.

Presented by Herr G. Menges, 1891.

91. 7. 29. 2. Frontlet and horns. Northern Somaliland.

Presented ly W. F. Sinclair, Esq., 1891.

92. 2. 5. 5. Skin and head-skin. Berbera district;
collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.

94. 2. 21. 8. Skin and two head-skins. Same locality

and collector. Same donor, 1894.

93. 6. 30. 6. Skin. Webi Shebeli Valley.

Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.
6. 5. 4. 15. Skin. Berbera district.

Presented ly Dr. E. E. Drake-Brockman, 1906.

80 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

XX. GAZELLA SPEKET.

Gazella spekei, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 172,
1863; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 261, pi. i, fig. 5, 1870;
Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 543 ; Kohl, Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, vol. i, p. 77, pL iii, 1886 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 210 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 158,
1891 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, pp. 100 and 118, 1897,
p. 290; Swayne,ibid. 1892, p. 306, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland,
p. 316, 1895 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 112, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 254, 1910, ed. 7, p. 253, 1914 ; LydeJcJcer, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 234, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 251, 1908 ; Hoyos, Zu den Aulihan, p. 179,
pi. x, fig. 3, 1895 ; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. i, p. 120,
1897 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 125,
pi. Ixi, 1898 ; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton1 s Sporting Trip through
Abyssinia, p. 473, 1902 ; Drake-Brockman, Mamm. of Somali.
p. 75, 1910.

Gazella naso, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 504, pi. ii, James*
Unknown Horn of Africa, p. 268, pi. iii, 1888.

Gacella spekei, Elliot, Cat. Mamm.. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 77, 1907.

DHERO (Somali).

Typical locality plateau of interior of Somaliland.

Type in Indian Museum, Calcutta.

Nearly allied to last, but rather smaller ; shoulder-height
about 23 to 24 inches. Horns more curved backwards, less
evenly divergent and more incurved at tips, general colour
pale brownish fawn ; forehead and median face-stripe
brownish fawn; a distinct blackish nose-patch, in front of
which is a puffy inflatable elevation on muzzle ; lateral dark
face-stripes narrow and indistinct; ears long and narrow,
whitish fawn behind ; flank-band dark blackish brown,
ill-defined ; pygal band indistinct. Skull with short broad
nasals, barely articulating with premaxillae ; basal length 6J,
maximum width 3f, length from muzzle to orbit 3f inches.
Horns measure from lOf to 11 1 inches in length, with a
girth of from 3J to 4J, and a tip- to- tip interval of from 2f
to 5J inches.

The nose-hump is frequently stated to be restricted to
males, but this is not the case.

85. 11. 16. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gerbatir,
Somaliland ; collected by Herr G. Menges.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1885.

ANTILOPIN^ ' 81

85. 11. 16. 2. Skin, immature female. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

86. 1. 25. 8. Skin. Near Berbera.

Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.
91. 6. 20. 5. Skin, mounted, and skull. Near Berbera.
Presented by Herr G. Menges, 1891.

91. 12. 19. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wagga,
Somali Plateau. Presented by T. W. H. Clarke, Esq., 1891.

92. 2. 5. 4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Near Berbera ; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.

94. 2. 21. 9. Skin and head-skin. Fifty miles from

Berbera ; same collector. Same donor, 1894.

93. 6. 30. 5. Skin. Webi Shebeli Valley.

Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.
96. 10. 6. 1. Skeleton and skin. Ganlibbat Eange,
S.W. of Berbera. Presented ly Ford G. Barclay, Esq., 1896.
4. 7. 2. 5. Head, mounted. Somaliland.

Bequeathed ~by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

12. 12. 28. 68-70. Three skulls, with horns, and skins.

Somaliland. Presented ly Dr. R. E. Drake- Brockman, 1912.

XXI. GAZELLA TILONUEA.

Antilope melanura, Heuglin, Nova Ada Ac. Goes. Leop.-Car. vol.
xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, nee Bechstein.

Gazella melanura, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 159, 1869.

Antilope tilonura, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 315, 1869, Reise
Nor dost- Afrika, vol. ii, p. 101, 1877.

Gazella laevipes, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 541, nee Sundevall.

Gazella tilonura, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 126, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 261, 1910, ed. 7, p. 259, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 233, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 256, 1908 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 159, pi. Ixvi, 1898; Anderson and
de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm. p. 350, 1902 ; Lonnberg, Novit.
Zool. vol. xxi, p. 157, 1914.

HEUGLIN'S GAZELLE.

Typical locality Bogosland, Abyssinia.
Size rather large; shoulder-height about 27 inches.
Horns, which are about equal in length to the head, or a

III. G

82 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

little longer, lyrate, parallel at their bases, then curving
outwards, and finally turned sharply inwards at the tips, so
as to form distinct hooks ; general colour deep rufous sandy ;
forehead and median face-stripe scarcely more rufous than
back ; no nose-spot ; lateral light face-stripes nearly obsolete
on sides of muzzle, but a large ill-defined dull whitish area
round eyes ; backs of ears scarcely darker than nape ; flank-
band black, narrow, and separated from white of under-parts
by a still narrower fawn band; pygal band wanting; tail
sandy at base, elsewhere black. Basal length of skull
7-fg inches, maximum breadth 3£, length from muzzle to
orbit 4J inches. Good horns measure from 10 to llf inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 4 to 5, and a tip-to-tip
interval of from 2 to 7 inches.

The range extends southwards to Sennar and the northern
Bahr-el-Ghazal.

73. 2. 24. 8-10. Two skins, mounted. Bogosland.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

T3. 2. 24. 11. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality.

Same history.

73. 8. 29. 9. Skeleton. Abyssinia. Same history.

. 11. 10. 29. 1. Skull, with horns, immature. Mugatta,

Atbara Valley. Presented by W. B. Cotton, Esq., 1911.

11. 10. 29. 2. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Kituit,
Atbara Valley. Same history.

11. 10. 29. 3. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Ishaga,
Settit Valley. Same history.

11. 10. 29. 4. Skull, with horns, and head- skin, imma-
ture. Same locality. Same history.

XXII. GAZELLA ALBONOTATA.

Gazella albonotata, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. x, p. 480, 1903 ; Ward*

Records of Big Game, ed. 5, p. 264, 1907 ; Lonnberg, Novit. Zool.

vol. xxi, p. 154, pi. vi, 1914 ; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7,

p. 262, 1914.
Gazella rufifrons albonotata, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,

p. 258, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 262, 1910.

Typical locality near Kisi, on east side of the White Nile
in the Mongalla Province of the Sudan.
Type in Tring Museum.

ANTILOriN.K 83

Size and general colour not yet recorded. Forehead
light rufous, becoming almost white at base of horns ; lower
half of median face-stripe and muzzle black with a few
rufous hairs ; lateral face-stripes white from eyes to nostrils ;
cheeks from face-gland to lip dark buff mingled with black,
the pale isabelline crown and neck, and the light rufous
mixed with white of forehead, becoming almost wholly
white between the horns. Horns spreading and backward ly
inclined, with the tips incurved, and the ridges pronounced.

The range includes the Mongalla district on the Abyssinian
side of the "White Nile, extending as far south as Bor, Gondo-
koro, and Lado. Possibly this gazelle may be a northern
race of G. thomsoni.

0. 11. 7. 15. Skull, with horns, and skin. About 90 miles
east of Lado. Presented ly Dr. E. Donaldson Smith, 1900.

8. 4. 2. 53. Skull, with horns, and skin. Mongalla
district, White Nile ; collected by A. L. Butler, Esq.

Purchased, 1908.

XXIII. GAZELLA THOMSONI.

Gazella thomsoni, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiv, p. 427,
1884 ; Thomson, Masailand, p. 536, 1885 ; Hunter, Willoughty's
Big Game of E. Africa, p. 289, 1889 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 133, 1892, ed. 6, p. 265, 1910, ed. 7, p. 263, 1914; True,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xv, p. 473, pi. Ixxvii, 1892 ; LydelcJcer,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 236, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 259, 1908, Suppl. p. 13,
1911; Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 534, 1893; JacJcson, Big
Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 285, 1894, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 434; Scott-Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,
p. 340; Matschie, Sdugethiere DeutscJi-Ostafrika, p. 130, 1895;
Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 171, pi. Ixviii, 1898 ;
Johnston, Uganda Protectorate, vol. i, p. 424, pi. facing p. 390,
1902; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 572, 1904; Lonnberg,
Sjostedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped. p. 45, 1908, K. Svenska
Vet.-AJf. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 166, 1912, Novit. Zool.
vol. xxi, p. 157, 1914.

Gacella thomsoni, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.

Eudorcas thomsoni, Knottnerus-Meyer, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1910, p. 106 ; Zukowsky, Archiv. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxx, p. 50, 1914.

Including : —

Gazella thomsoni nasalis, Lonnberg, Sjostedts Kilimandjaro-Meru
Exped. p. 46, 1908 ; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi,
no. 2, p. 6. 1910.

G 2

84 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Eudorcas baringoensis, p. 109, Baringo district, nakuroensis, p. 110,
Nakuro district, biedermanni, p. Ill, Shirati district, langheldi,
p. Ill, Usukuma, schillings!, p. 113, Lake Natron district,
ndjiriensis, p. 115, Njiri Swamp, sabakiensis, p. 115, east bank
of same, bergeri, p. 116, Nairobi, mundorosica, p. 117, Mundo-
rosi plains, wembaerensis, p. 119, Wembare plains, manyarse,
p. 120, Lake Manyara, ruwanse, p. 121, Buwana, Knottnerus-
Meyer, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1910.

Eudorcas thomsoni behni, south of Thoma, p. 61, t. dieseneri,
E. Usukuma, p. 63, t. macrocephala, Wembare Valley, p. 68,
t. marwitzi, Wembare plateau, p. 71, t. dongilanensis, Dongila
plateau, p. 74, t. arushce, Arusha, p. 77, t. bergerinw, S. of
Kilimanjaro, p. 80, Zukowsky, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxx, 1914.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district.
Size medium; shoulder-height about 25 inches. Horns
long, nearly double the length of the head, in form not
unlike those of G. lennetti on an enlarged scale, but little
divergent — in some cases almost parallel — slightly curving
backwards for seven-eighths of their length, with the tips
bending a little forwards and upwards. General colour deep
sandy rufous, with the dark and light markings sharply
denned and conspicuous; forehead and median face-stripe
blackish rufous, with a black nose-spot ; lateral dark face-
stripes blackish, light ones, which start from a ring round
the eyes and continue to muzzle, white, as are also lips and
chin; flank-band black, deep, and extending far forwards,
in contact below with white of under-parts; pygal band
blackish, narrow ; ears rather short ; tail sandy at base,
elsewhere black. Skull with short, broad, quadrangular nasals,
which articulate extensively with the straight, and superiorly
but little convex premaxillae ; basal length about 7| inches,
maximum breadth 3|, length from muzzle to orbit 4J inches.
Fine horns measure from 15 to 16J inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 4£ to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from
2 to 11 J inches.

The range includes the interior of British and German
East Africa, from Lake Eudolf at least as far south as Irangi.

84. 12. 6. 1. Frontlet and horns. Kilimanjaro district.
Co-type. Presented by J. Thomson, Esq., 1884.

84. 12. 6. 2. Frontlet and horns. Same locality. Co-
type. Same history.

88. 12. 15. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Masailand,
S. W. Kilimanjaro. Presented ly H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1888.

ANTILOPINJ3 85

91. 1. 6. 3. Skin, mounted, and skull. British East
Africa. Type of G. t. nasalis. The absence of the nose-
spot, upon which this supposed race was founded, does not
appear to be a constant character of the gazelles of this
district. Presented ly Sir F. J. Jackson, K. C.M.G., C.B., 1891.

94, 5. 4. 4. Skull, with horns. Masailand.

Presented ly Col. Sir F. D. Lugard, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1894.

98. 1. 5. 17-18. Two skulls, with horns. Machakos,
B. E. Africa. Presented ly S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1898.

98. 1. 5. 19-20. Two skulls, with horns, female. Same
locality. Same history.

98. 1. 5. 21-24. Eour skulls, with horns, 3 immature.
Athi Plains, B. E. Africa. Same history.

0. 6. 18. 1. Head, mounted, female. Kai, llkauiba,
B. E. Africa. Presented ly R. Crawshay, Esq., 1900.

4. 5. 5. 2-3. Two skulls, with horns, and skins. Nakuru,
B. E. Africa. Presented ly C. B. 0. Storey, Esq., 1904.

4. 7- 2. 6. Head, mounted. East Africa.

Bequeathed ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

7. 5. 28. 6. Skull, with horns, female. B. E. Africa.

Presented ly the Hon. Kenneth Dundas, 1907.

3. SUBGENUS NANGER.

Dama, Bennett, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833, nee H. Smith,

1827.

Nanger, Lataste, Actes Soc. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 297, 1885.
Matschiea, Knottnerus- Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxiii, pt. 1,

p. 100, 1907.

Large gazelles, with horns in both sexes, well-developed
face-markings, knee-tufts, and the white of the buttocks
intruding more or less extensively into the fawn of the back.
The range of the group includes the sandy districts of
Northern and Eastern Africa ; the group being replaced in
South Africa by Antidorcas.

The three species here recognised are distinguishable
as follows : —

A. Pygal band present (except in one race).
Horns very long, divergent, without marked
terminal hooking G. granti.

86 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B. Pygal band wanting (except in one race of
soemmerringi) .

a. Horns shorter, hooked inwards at tips ;

tail -tip black G. soemmerringi.

I. Horns still shorter, hooked forwards
and upwards at tips ; tail wholly
white, or with fa.wn tip G. dama.

XXIV. GAZELLA (NANGER) GRANT!.

Antilope soemmerringii (?), Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 3, nee
Cretzschmar.

Gazella granti, Brooke, Proc. Zoal. Soc. 1872, p. 601, pi. xli, 1873,
p. 550, 1878, p. 723 ; Sclater, ibid. 1875, p. 527, pi. lix ; Pagen-
stacher, Jalirb. Mus. Hamburg, vol. ii, p. 38, 1884 ; Johnston,
Kilimanjaro Exped. p. 394, 1886 ; Hunter, Willoughby's Big
Game of E. Africa, p. 289, 1889 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study
of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 104,

1892, ed. 6, p. 267, 1910, ed. 7, p. 265, 1914 ; True, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. vol. xv, p. 473, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 236,

1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 260, 1908 ; Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 534, 1893 ;
Jackson, Big- Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 298,

1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 453; Matschie, Sdugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 131, 1895 ; Donaldson Smith, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 868 ; A. H. Neumann, Elephant -Hunting in E'.
Africa, pp. 9 and 10, 1898; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 179, pi. Ixix, 1898; Powell-Cotton, Unknown
Africa, p. 573, 1904 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 240; Lonnberg, Sjostedts Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped.
p. 46, 1908, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 166,
1912 ; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Gacella granti, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.

Pub. vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.
Matschiea granti, Knot tner us -Meyer, Arch. Naturgesch. vol. Ixxiii,

pt. 1, p. 100, 1907.

Type of Matscliiea.

Typical locality western Kinyenye, Ugogo, German East
Africa.

No type specimen, the species having been named on
the evidence of Speke's notes and sketches.

Shoulder-height reaching at least 34 inches. Horns
longer than in any other gazelle, evenly but slightly curved
backwards, and bending somewhat forwards at tips, degree
of divergence variable, basal section elliptical; general
colour sandy fawn, with a more or less marked tendency
to rufous ; forehead and median face-stripe richer fawn,
approaching rufous, with a brownish nose-spot ; lateral dark

ANTILOPINyE

87

face-stripes almost imperceptible, light stripes white, ex-
tending upwards above eyes to horns ; flank-band variable,
in some cases distinct, in others obsolete (at least in males) ;
white of buttocks varying in extent, typically embracing

FIG. 17. — HEAD OF GRANT'S GAZELLE (Gazella granti).

root of tail, of which the crested tip is black. Skull, stout
and heavy; basal length in typical race about 9J inches,
maximum breadth 4|, length from muzzle to orbit 5| inches.
The record horn-length (1910) is 30J inches.

The range includes East Africa, from southern Jubaland
and the Lake Eudolf district to Abyssinia, and southwards to
Ugogo.

88 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

The following "key" to the races— some of which are
only provisionally recognised, and may be based on individual
herds — is modified from one given by Heller, who regards
petersi as a distinct species :—

A. Cinnamon of back separated from tail by a broad

white rump-patch; black of tail restricted to
terminal half.

a. A dark flank-band G. g. notata.

b. No dark flank-band (in male).

a1. A dark pygal band bordering rump-patch.
a2. Horns everted and wide-spread, with the

tips backwardly hooked G. g. robertsi.

b2. Horns not everted or backwardly hooked.
a3. Horns diverging regularly in an ellipse,

with the tips approximated.
a4. General colour lightish cinnamon,

horns relatively long G. g. granti.

64. General colour darker cinnamon,

horns shorter G. g. roosevelti.

b3. Horns more nearly parallel, not out-
wardly curved.

a. General colour lighter, no dark flank-

band in female G. g. lacuum.

b. General colour darker, a dark flank-

band in female G. g. raineyi.

b1. Pygal band to rump-patch obsolete or very

short and narrow G. g. brighti.

B. Cinnamon of back dividing rump-patch so as to

extend on to upper surface of tail, of which
two-thirds may be black.

a5. Size large, backward extension of cinnamon
on to rump-patch and tail narrow; horns

large and divergent G. g. serengetce.

b5. Size smaller, backward extension of cinnamon
on to rump-patch and tail broad; horns
smaller and more nearly parallel G. g. petersi.

A.— Gazella grant! granti.

Gazella granti typica, A. H. Neumann, Great and Small Game of

Africa, p. 255, 1899; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;

LydeJcker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908; Ward,

Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 267, 1910.
Gazella granti granti, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,

p. 243 ; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 6,

1910 ; Heller, ibid. vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Typical locality western Kinyene, Ugogo.

Size relatively large (shoulder-height about 34 inches) ;

ANTILOPIN^l 89

general colour lightish cinnamon ; white rump-patch large,
undivided by a backward continuation of the cinnamon
colour of the back, and the whole of the basal portion of the
upper surface of the tail white; lateral extension of the
rump-patch intruding largely into the body-colour, so as to
extend beyond the dark pygal band ; no dark flank-band in
adult ; horns evenly diverging in an ellipsoidal curve, with
their tips somewhat approximated. Good horns measure
from 27 to 30£ inches in length, with a basal girth of from
6J to 7J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 11 to 24f inches.
According to Heller, the range is restricted to the Ugogo
district of German East Africa ; and if this be correct and
Gr. (j. roosevelti a valid race, the under-mentioned British East
African specimens will have to be referred to that form.

75. 12. 29. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Mainland opposite Zanzibar.

Presented ly Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1875.

80. 11. 30. 1. Skull, with horns, and skins, immature
female. Mombasa. Same donor, 1880.

91. 1. 6. 2. Skin, mounted, and skull. Turquel, Suk.

Presented ly Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1891.

92. 10. 18. 15. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same donor, 1892.

1. 8. 9. 78. Skull, with horns, and skin. Naivasha,
B. E. Africa.

Presented ly Sir If. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 190L
1. 8. 9. 78. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Lake
Baringo district, B. E. Africa. Same history.

7. 12. 12. 3. Skull. Baringo district.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

4. 2. 13. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Baringo

district. Presented ly Capt. C. Berry, 1904.

0. 3. 27. 18. Skull, with horns, and skin. Guaso-nyiro,

north of Mt. Kenia, B. E. Africa.

Presented ly the Lord Delamere, 1900.
97. 3. 14. 8. Skull, with horns. Mjungu Mbaba,.
Taveta, Kilimanjaro district.

Presented ly W. C. Fraser, Esq., 1897.
97. 3. 14. 8. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.

Same history.

90 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

2. 6. 15. 5. Skull, with horns. Kinjabe, Eift Valley,
B. E. Africa. Presented ly C. S. Betton, Esq., 1902.

1. 4. 4. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Uganda
Kail way. Presented ly R. A. Preston, Esq., 1901.

1. 4. 4. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

4. 5. 5. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nakuru,
B. E. Africa, Presented ly C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1904.

4. 7. 12. 7. Head, mounted.

Presented ~by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

13. 8. 2. 8. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Lorian
Swamp, B. E. Africa. Presented by I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1913.

B. — Gazella grant! roosevelti.

Gazella grant! roosevelti, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi,
no. 7, p. 4, 1913.

Typical locality Athi Plains, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

Stated to be darker in colour* than the typical race, with
smaller and less spreading horns. General colour (in type)
vinaceous-cinnamon, paler towards head and on flanks, where
it becomes pinkish buff; rump-patch continuous with a large
white basal portion of tail, and bordered in front by a broad
clove-brown pygal band ; flanks with a band of light buff
bordering the broad band of pinkish buff above ; outside of
legs pinkish buff like sides of body ; top of head and
median line of nose cinnamon-rufous, with a large clove-
brown blotch on nose. Females and young males show a
dark flank-band and strongly marked pygal band.

According to its describer, this race occupies a consider-
able area in B. E. Africa.

98. 6. 27. 1. Head, mounted, and skull. Athi Plains.

Presented ~by C. Asliburnliam, Esq., 1898.

N.B. — Some or all of the British East African specimens
entered under the heading of the typical race may be
referable to the present form, if really entitled to distinction.

* In the original description it is stated in one place that the
colour is darker, and in a second lighter ; the former is correct.

91

C.— Gazella grant! robertsi.

Oazella grant! robertsi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. ii, p. 119;
O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frcunde, 1906, p. 243 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 269, 1910, ed. 7, p. 267, 1914 ; Heller, Smitlison.
Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Typical locality near Speke Gulf, Victoria Nyanza, in the
Usagara district of German East Africa.

Distinguished from typical race by the strong outward
•curvature and divergence of the horns, of which the tips
are backwardly hooked. Good horns measure from 25 • to

PIG. 18. — SKULL AND HORNS OF USAGARA. RACE OF GRANT'S GAZELLE

(Gazella granti robertsi).
From Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903.

:28 inches in length, with a tip-to-tip interval of from 1SJ to
28£ inches (in one instance 38^ inches).

Whether this so-called race is really anything more than
the product of a single original herd may be doubtful,
as heads have come under the writer's observation in which
one horn was of the true granli, and the other of the robertsi
type.

3. 6. 12. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near Speke
Gulf, Victoria Nyanza. Type (fig. 18).

* Presented ly F. Russell Roberts, Esq., 1903.

92 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

3. 6. 12. 2. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Same
locality. Same history.

3. 6. 12. 3, Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.

Same history.

D.— Gazella grant! lacuum.

Gazella grant! lacuum, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 243 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 263, 1908 ; Ward,
Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 268, 1910; Lonnberg, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 168, 1912 ; Heller, Smithson.
Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Typical locality near Lake Zwai (Zuay), southern
Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Dr. Neumann.
Size rather smaller and horns more nearly parallel than
in typical race, without terminal eversion ; general colour
much the same as in g. granti, but rump-patch smaller ;
flank-band absent in female, when adult.

79. 11. 12. 17. Skull, with horns. Southern Somali-
land ; collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Purchased, 1879.
79. 11. 12. 18. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 7. 6. 13. Skull with horns, and skin. Abyssinia.
Presented ly Sir A. E. Pease, Bart, 1901.

E.— Gazella granti raineyi.

Gazella granti raineyi, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 7r
p. 6, 1913.

Typical locality Isiola Valley, northern Guaso-nyiro,
B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

A small form differing from lacuum by its darker colour*
and the presence of a dark flank-band in the female. Closely
resembles Irighti (infra), but distinguished by general
presence of dark pygal band to rump -patch.

* The footnote to G. g. roosevelti applies also in the case of the
present form.

ANTILOPIN.E 93

13. 10. 18. 174. Skull, with horns, and skin. N.W. of
Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa ; collected by W. P. Lane, Esq.

Presented ty G. P. Oosens, Esq., 1913.
13. 10. 18. 175. Skull, with horns, and skins. Bakora
Plains, east of Mt. Lebor, Uganda ; same collector.

Same history.

F.— Gazella grant! brig-nti.

Gazella grant! bright!, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805 ;
0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 244 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 263, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 268, 1910; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 8, 1913.

Gazella grant! smith!, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805, errorim.

Typical locality 160 miles east of Lado.

A small pale form, with the dark pygal band obsolete or
reduced to a very short and narrow one, and no dark flank-
band ; horns relatively short and straight.

The original description is as follows : —

" Fur exceedingly short ; general colour very pale ; face-
markings normal ; no darker lateral bands ; white projection
into body-colour on rump deep, quite surrounding tail ; pygal
band short, narrow, sometimes almost obsolete; horns
comparatively short, the youthful growth-boss at their
anterior bases retained in adult life and covered with a
noticeable tuft of hair."

The range includes the area between the upper reaches of
the White Nile and the western shore of Lake Eudolf.

0. 11. 7. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. A spot
160 miles east of Lado. Type.

Presented ~by Dr. E. Donaldson Smith, 1900.

99. 9. 1.1. Skull, with horns, and skin. North-west
shore of Lake Eudolf. Presented by Major U. T. Bright, 1897.

G.— Gazella grant! notata.

Gazella grant! notata, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nab. Hist. ser. 6, vol. xx,
p. 479, 1897, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806; A. H. Neumann,
Elephant Hunting in E. Africa, p. 238, 1898 ; Bryden, G-reat
and Small Game of Africa, p. 360, 1899 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 243 ; LydeJcker, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 262, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 268,

94 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1910; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 7,
1910 ; Heller, ibid. vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 7, 1913.

Gazella notata, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii,
p. 191, 1898.

Typical locality western slope of Lorogbi Mountains,
B. E. Africa.

Distinguished from preceding races by the presence of a
strongly marked dark flank-band in both sexes ; the pygal
band being also well developed.

97. 1. 30. 2. Skin, female. Western slope of Loroghi
Mountains. Type. Presented ly A. H. Neumann, Esq., 1897.

0. 3. 27. 19-20. Two skulls, with horns, and skin.
Gessina, 80 miles N.W. of Mt. Kenia, B. E. Africa.

Presented ~by the Lord Delamere, 1900.

99. 10. 15. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Turwell
Valley, B. E. Africa, 100 miles N.E. of Mt. Elgon.

Presented ly Capt. J. D. Ferguson, 1899.

99. 10. 15. 2. Skull, with horns. Lumian, northern
shore of Lake Eudolf. Same history.

9. 6. 1. 54. Skin. Boraland, southern Abyssinia.

Presented ly Dr. R. E. Drake- Brockman, 1909.

11. 8. 2. 57. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Same locality. Same donor, 1911.

6. 11. 1. 64. Skull, with horns, and skin. Waranto,

west of Lake Zwai, N. E. Africa ; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.

Presented ly W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.

6. 11. 1. 65. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Gallo, near Lake Zwai ; same collector. Same history.

H.— Gazella grant! serengetae.

Gazella grant! serengetae, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi,
no. 7, p. 5, 1913.

Typical locality Taveta, on western border of Serengeti
Plains, Kilimanjaro district, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Distinguished from all the preceding races by the dark
tint of the cinnamon, or fawn, of the back, which extends
backwards as a narrow stripe through the middle of the white
rump-patch on to the upper surface of the tail, of which
only the basal third is white, the remainder being black ;

ANTILOPIN.E 95

dark pygal baud well developed, but flauk-baud absent ;
general colour cinnamon - brown. In the female (one
specimen) the fawn of the back is not produced backwards
to divide the rump-patch, and a dark flank-band is developed.
!N"o specimen in collection.

I.— Gazella grant! petersi.

Gazella grant! , Peters, Monatsber. AJc. Berlin, 1879, p. 832, pi. v,
nee Brooke.

Gazella petersi, Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. xiv,
p. 428, 1884 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 238, 1893, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899 ; A. H. Neumann,
Elephant-Hunting in E. Africa, pp. 9 and 10, 1898; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 187, 1898 ; Heller,
Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 7, p. 5, 1913.

Gazella grant! var. gelidjiensis, Noack, Zool. Garten, vol. xxviii,
p. 277, 1887.

Gazella grant! petersi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 805 ;
O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 243 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 262, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 270, 1910, ed. 7, p. 268, 1914.

SALA (SWAHILI).

Typical locality the neighbourhood of the mouth of the
Tana, East Africa.

Type the skull figured by Peters ; probably in the Berlin
Museum.

Size rather smaller than in typical race (shoulder-height
about 33 inches), and colour darker than in any of the other
forms ; white rump-patch relatively small, and divided
superiorly by a backward prolongation of the body-colour
in the form of a broad band extending on to and along the
upper surface of the tail; the lateral prolongation of the
rump-patch narrower and intruding to a smaller extent into
the body-colour than in typical race, so as scarcely, if at all,.
to overhang the dark pygal band. Horns shorter and less-
divergent than in typical granti, and skull somewhat
smaller, with a rather narrower nasal opening. Good horns-
measure from 20 to 23J inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 5^ to 6|, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 5^ to
11 inches.

The range includes the coast districts of East Africa from
Mombasa northwards to beyond the Tana.

96 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

80. 1. 3. 1. Skin, mounted. East Africa; collected by
Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Purchased (Gerrard), 1880.
92. 10. 18. 16 and 18. Two skulls, with horns. Tana
Valley, B. E. Africa.

Presented ly Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1892.
92. 10. 18. 17. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

97. 12. 10. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Pika-pika,
40 miles inland from Mombasa.

Presented ly L. E. Cairn, Esq., 1897.

12. 7. 2. 2. Skull, with horns. Opposite Sankuri, south

bank of Tana Eiver. Presented ~by G. Blaine, Esq., 1912.

XXV; GAZELLA (NANGER) SOEMMERRIETGI.

Antilope soeminerringi, Cretzschmar, RuppelVs Reise nordl. Afrika,
Atlas, p. 49, pi. xix, 1826, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 38, 1842 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 462, 1829 ;
Rilppell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 25, 1835 ; Lesson, Hist. Nat.
Anim. vol. x, p. 287, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm.
p. 176, 1842 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 40, 1838; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 616, 1841;
Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, p. 201, 1843, 1845,
p. 266, 1847 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 415, 1844, vol. v, p. 405, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 114, pi. xxxiv, fig. 205, 1845 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 403, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 7, pi. v, 1848; Giebel, Sduge-
thiere, p. 308, 1853-55 ; Heuglin, Petermann's Mittheilungen,
1861, p. 16, Nova Ada Ac. Gees. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 7,
1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 102, 1877; Hartmann,
Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, vol. iii, p. 254, 1868.

Gazella soemmerringi, Jar dine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 215, pi. xxviii, 1835 ; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 161,
1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 231, 1846,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 114,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1873 ;
Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853; Sclater, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 817, pi. xxxvii, 1871, p. 701, 1892, p. 100;
Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158, 1869 ;
Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 260, 1870 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1873, p. 549 ; Phillips, ibid. 1885, p. 293 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 137, 1887, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 169, 1892 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1891, p. 210, Ann. Mus. Genova, ser. 2, vol. xvii, p. 107,
1896 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 161, 1891 ;
Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 305, Seventeen Trips to Somali-

97

land, p. 314, 1895 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 108, 1892,
ed. 6, p. 271, 1910, ed. 7, p. 269, 1914; LydeJcker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 236, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 266, 1908; Donaldson Smith,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 868 ; Hoyos, Zu den Aulihan, p. 179,
pi. x, fig. 6, 1895 ; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Publ. vol. i, p. 122,
1897 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 195,
pi. Ixx, 1898; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm,
p. 347, pi. Ixii, 1902 ; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 473, 1902 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1906, p. 240 ; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 887 ;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali, p. 78, 1910.

Gacella soemmerringi, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 78, 1907.

Oazella (Nanger) soemmerringi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p. 260.

AOUL ; SOEMMERRING'S GAZELLE.

Typical locality Tal E' Sabb, Abyssinia.

Shoulder-height reaching to 35 \ inches. Horns moder-
ately long, heavily ridged, with a subcircular cross-section ;
bending outwards to a greater or less extent, and more or
less strongly hooked inwards, or inwards and forwards, at
tips. General colour uniform pale fawn, typically without
dark flank or pygal. bands ; forehead and median face-stripe,
as well as lateral face-stripes, black or blackish fulvous, the
latter very narrow, the black being continued on to sides of
muzzle ; light stripes white ; backs of ears whitish, bordered
and tipped with black ; white of buttocks occupying a broad
.area, intruding far into the body-colour, and completely
•cutting it off from tail, which is white at the root, with the
terminal crest black. Basal length of skull about 8J inches,
maximum breadth 4J, length from muzzle to orbit 5| inches.
The maximum record horn-length (1910) is 23 inches.

The range extends from the Eed Sea littoral in the
neighbourhood of Suakin through Abyssinia and Somaliland
to the Sennar district of the Sudan.

The named races are distinguishable as follows : —

A. No dark pygal band.

a. Horns shorter, much bowed outwards.
a1. Size smaller.

a2. Colour yellowish Isabella ; nose

rusty black G. s. soemmerringi.

III. H

98 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

b2. Colour darker and purer Isabella ;
a blackish mark on nose ; horn-
tips more sharply bent in G. s. erlangeri.

c1. Colour still darker; nose deep
black; horn-tips less sharply

bent in G. s. Sibyllas.

b2. Size larger (largest) G. s. casanovce.

b. Horns, longer, less bowed outwards G. s. berberana.

B. A narrow dark pygal band G.s.butteri.

A.— Gazella soemmerringi soemmerringi.

Gazella soemmerringi typica, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iii, p. 197, 1898; Lydeklcer, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 266, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 273, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 271, 1914.

Gazella soemmerringi soemmerringi, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat*
Freunde, 1906, p. 241.

Typical locality Tal E' Sabb, Abyssinia.

General colour pale isabella-fulvous, without dark pygal
or flank bauds ; horns much bowed outwards with tips
turning sharply inwards in a regular curve. Fine horns
measure from 15 to 1*7 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 5 to 5f , and a tip-to- tip interval of from . 3£ to
10 inches.

1516, c. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Abyssinia ; collected by Dr. Eiippell. This and the other
Abyssinian specimens are practically topo- types of the species.

Purchased.

69. 2. 2. 15. Skull, with horns. Bogosland ; collected

by W. Jesse, Esq. during the Abyssinian Expedition of 1868.

Presented ly the Viceroy and Council of India, 1869.

69. 2. 2. 16. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

73. 2. 24. 7. Skin, mounted. Bogosland ; collected by
Herr Essler. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

8. 1. 15. 2. Skull, with horns, binder Valley, Sudan.
Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1908.

4. 7. 2. 6. Head, mounted (fig. 19). North-east Africa.
Bequeathed by H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

4. 11. 3. 103. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Nakheila, Upper Egypt.

Presented ly the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, 1904.

ANTILOPIN^ 99

98. 2. 12. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Suakiu, Bed
Sea littoral. Presented ly Major W. S. Sparkes, 1898.

FIG. 19. — HEAD OF SOEMMERRING'S GAZELLE
(Qazella soemmerringi) .

B.— Gazella soemmerringi erlang-eri.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi erlangeri, MatscJiie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 263.

Typical locality Hawash Valley, Abyssinia.
Type in Berlin Museum.

Closely allied to last, but stated to differ by darker and
purer Isabella- colour, the presence of a deep blackish brown

H 2

100 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

mark on nose of old males, and the more sharply bent
horn-tips.

No specimen in collection which can be definitely referred
to this race.

C. — Gazella soemmerringi sibyllae.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi sibyllse, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 260.

Typical locality Singa, Sennar, in the neighbourhood of
the Blue Nile.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General colour darker than in typical race, and front of
nose deep (in place of rusty) black; slight differences in
form of horns also recorded.

46. 6. 2. 79. Skin, mounted and much faded, female ;
provisionally referred to this race. Sennar.

By exchange with the Stockholm Museum, 1846.

D. — Gazella soemmerringi easanovse.

Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi casanovse, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 265.

Typical locality northern Abyssinia.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Apparently agreeing in general horn-characters with the
preceding races, but approximating to berberana by its large
size, which is stated to be greater than in that race ; neck
coloured like back, instead of differently, as in berberana.

No specimen in collection.

E.— Gazella soemmeiringi berberana.

Gazella soemmerringi berberana, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1893, p. 65, 1912, p. 260 ; Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896,
p. 519 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 198,
1898; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abys-
sinia, p. 473, 1902 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 941 ; LydeTclcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 266, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 272, 1910, ed. 7, p. 270,
1914.

Typical locality Berbera district, Somaliland.
Type in Berlin Museum.

ANTILOPIN^E 101

Distinguished from typical race by larger size, darker
colour, and longer horns, which are not so broadly expanded,
and have the tips turning partly forwards as well as inwards.
Fine horns measure from 19 to 23 inches in length, with a
basal girth of from 4| to 6j, and a tip-to-tip interval of
from 2 to 13J inches.

92. 2. 5. 3. Head, mounted. Near Berbera, Somali-
land ; collected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. 'Swayne. Figured in
the Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 198, fig. 82a.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1892.

94. 2. 21. 10. Skull, with horns, and skin. Somaliland ;

collected by Col. Swayne. Same donor, 1894.

94. 2. 21. 11. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same

locality and collector. ' " Same history.

91.12.3.3. Skull, with horns. Bendap Mt., Somaliland.

Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1891

91. 12. 3. 4. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.

Same history.

93. 6. 30. 4. Skin, mounted. Shebeli Valley, Somali-
land. Same donor, 1893.

12. 10. 31. 103-4. Two pairs of horns, 011 the frontlets.
Purchased at Aden, and doubless imported from Somaliland.

Bequeathed ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

13. 9. 4. 1-3. Three skulls, with horns. Somaliland.

Presented ly H. Hawtyt^Esq., 1913,

F.— Gazella

Gazella soemmerringi butteri, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i,
p. 4 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906. p. 4 ;
Lydekher, Game Animals of Africa, p. 267, 1908; Ward, Records
of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 273, 1910, ed. 7, p. 271, 1914 ; Matschie,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 260.

Typical locality southward of Dana Valley, Boran-
Gallaland.

Distinguished from the typical Abyssinian form by its
inferior stature, and the presence of a distinct .black pygal
band on front edge of white rump-patch ; black face-bands,
especially those in the line of the eyes, strongly developed,
and a faint trace of a flank-band; hair of neck reversed
from withers to a point half-way along the nape ; horns

102 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

relatively slender and long. Basal length of skull 7-j-f inches
(198 mm.), against about 8-J-J inches (220 mm.) in typical
race.

4. 1. 20. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South of Dana
River, Boran-Gallaland. Type.

Presented ly A. E. Butter, Esq., 1904.

XXVI. GAZELLA (NANGEE) DAMA.

La Nanguer, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, p. 213, pi. xxiv, 1764.

Antilope dama, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 5, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i, p. 8,
1767, fasc. xii, p. 13, 1777 ; Mutter, Natursijst., Suppl. p. 53, 1776 ;
Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 280, 1776 ; Zimmermann, Spec.
Zool. Geogr. p. 541, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 114, 1780;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 81, 1780 ; Hermann, Tall. Affin.
Anim. p. 108, 1783 ; Schreber, Saugthiere, pi. cclxiv, 1785 ;
Boddaert,Elenchus Anim. p. 141, 1785 ; Gmelin,Linn.'s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 183, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn's Anim. Kingdom, p. 308, 1792 ;
Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 623, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge
Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 98, 1795 ; BecJistein, Uebersicht vierfiiss,
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 643, 1800 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 359,
1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 112, 1802 ; Cuvier,
Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 243, 1804, Eegne Anim. vol. i, p. 263,
1817 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xv, p, 334, vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 458, 1822; Tiedemann,
Zoologie, vol. i, p. 408, 1808 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal.
vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 170, 1814; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 409, 1814;
Goldfuss, Schreber' s Saugthiere, vol. v, p. 1199, 1818; Schinz,
Cuvier's TUevreich, vol. i, p. 394, 1821; H. Smith, Griffiths
+*•>,, ArfimaZ >I£ingd}om, vol. iv, p. 206, vol. v, p. 330, 1827 ; Lesson,
-. .' Mon. Mamm. p. 375, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 288, 1836,
. flouv.., Tabl. Eegne Anim., Mamm. p. 177,1842; J. B. Fischer,
."; - .'tfynop, 'Mamm'.. p. 463, 1829; Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1375, 1838 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 616, 1839 ; Eeichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 115, 1845.

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) dama, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas dama, 0~ken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 741,
1816.

Antilope (Dama) nanguer, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 2, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl.
vol. i, p. 261, 1840; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Eegne Anim., Mamm.
p. 177, 1842.

Antilope mhorr var. /3, Wagner, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 410, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855.

Gazella dama, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 231,
1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 114 ; Kohl,' Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 79, pi. v, fig. 2, 1886 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 116, 1892, ed. 6, p. 274, 1910,

ANTILOPIN.E 103

ed. 7, p. 272, 1914; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 209, 1898 ; Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 344, 1899, Game Animals of-Africa, p. 268, 1908 ; 0. Neumann,
Sitzber. Gcs. Nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 238; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 393, 1907.

Gazella mohr, Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 233, 1862 ;
Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872; Brooke, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 648.

Gazella nanguer, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 158, 1869.

Nanger dama, Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 174,
1885, by inference from context.

NANGUER, or NANGER (Senegal).

Type of Dama, Bennett, and Nanger (as represented by
the Tunisian race).

Typical locality north-west Africa, probably in the
neighbourhood of Lake Chad (teste O. Neumann).

Shoulder-height from about 36 to 37 inches. Horns
comparatively short, thick, curving strongly backwards at
first, and hooked inwards and forwards at tips ; no dark
flank or pygal band, and the white of the buttocks, which is
very variable in extent, including the tail, of which the
extreme tip may be fawn ; general colour — which may be
restricted to neck and back — deep rufous.

The range includes the desert tracts of north-western
and northern Africa, from Senegal and Gambia to Dongola.
The four races here recognised are distinguishable as
follows : —

A. Rufous area extending over body and flanks, well

denned from white.

a. Sides of thighs white, the rufous of body not

joining that of hind-limbs G. d. dama.

b. Sides of thighs and legs rufous, continuous with

that of body.

a1. Rufous area large and forward intrusion of

white of rump small G. d. mhorr.

62. Rufous area more restricted, and forward

intrusion of white of rump greater G. d. permista.

B. Rufous area mainly restricted to neck and fore

part of back, imperfectly defined from white ... G. d. ruficollis.

104 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

A.— Gazella dama dama.

Antilope dama var. occidentalis, Sundevall, K. Svenslca Vet.-Ak.

Handl. 1845, p. 266, 1847.
Gazella dama typica, Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa,

p. 367, 1899 ; Lydekher, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;

Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 273,

1914,
Gazella dama dama, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,

p. 240.

Typical locality probably the neighbourhood of Lake
Chad.

Colour-pattern much the same as in next race, but white
of hind-quarters, although much less extensive than in ruft-
collis, spreading more over body, and uniting on thighs with
that of flanks, so as to cut off rufous of outer sides of limbs
from that of back. Good horns measure from 12 to 14 J
inches in length, with a basal girth of from of to 6J, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 3J to 8^ inches.

The range includes Senegal, Gambia, and the Lake Chad
district.

46. 10. 23. 16. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gambia;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1846.

4. 5. 21. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Chad
district. Presented ly Lieut -Col. G. S. Ellcott, 1904.

7. 7. 8. 202-4. Three skulls, with horns, and skins, one
immature. Yo, Lake Chad ; collected during the Alexander-
Gosling Expedition.

Presented by the Alexander- Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 205-7. Three skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Same locality and collection. Same history.

B.— Gazella dama mhorr.

Antilope (Dama) mhorr, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 1, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, pi. i, 1833 ; Gervais.Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl.
vol. i, p. 261, 1840.

Antilope mhorr, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 41, 1836; Riippell, VerzeicJmiss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 38, 1842 ; Wagner, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 416, 1844, partim; Beiclieribach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 166,

ANTILOPIN^l 105

pi. xxxv, fig. 212, 1845 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 426,
Hon. Antilop. p. 25, pi. xxvi, 1848.

Antilope mhoks, Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 288, 1836.

Gazella mohr, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 231,
1846, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 114, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1852, Cat. Ruminants
Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 108,
1873; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 233, 1862;
Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158,
1869 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 548, partim ; Kohl, Ann.
Hofinus. Wien, vol. i, p. 78, 1886 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study
of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 168, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 235, 1893.

Gazella rnohrr, Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193, 1853.

Nanger mhorr, Lataste, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. xxxix, p. 297,
1885.

Gazella mhorr, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 213,
pi. Ixxii, 1898 ; Hartert, Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 35, 1913.

Gazella dama mhorr, Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 367, 1899 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906,
p. 240; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 273, 1914.

MHORR.

Typical locality Wednun, near Tafilat, Mogador, southern
Morocco.

Type of Nanger.

General colour dull rufous or rufous fawn, becoming
deeper and redder anteriorly ; face, cheeks, and chin white
or whitish fawn, with the forehead below horns and an
inconspicuous streak in front of each eye blackish ; neck
deep rufous, with a white patch on front of throat ; white of
under-parts extending rather high up on flanks and continued
across upper part of fore-leg to unite with that of chest ;
white of rump including tail, and intruding in form of a
wedge into rufous area of body much as in G. soemmcrringi,
not uniting with white of under-parts across upper part of
thighs ; white and rufous areas strongly demarcated ; small
tail-tuft brownish or fawn.

The range is restricted to south-western Morocco.

55. 12. 24. 279. Skin, mounted. Wednun, Mogador;
collected by W. Willshire, Esq. Type. Length of horns 11},
basal girth 6, tip-to-tip interval 3} inches.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

106 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C.— Gazella dama permista.

Oazella dama permista, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 239 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 275, 1910, ed. 7, p. 273,
1914.

Typical locality Senegambia.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General coloration very like that of mhorr, but the rufous
area more restricted, the white of rump extending forwards
along sides in the form of a wedge, so as to leave only a
naiTOw bridge connecting rufous of back with that of thigh ;
upper part of fore-legs wholly white, but front surface below
knees rufous; rufous dorsal area smaller than in mhorr,
extending only halfway down sides of body ; whole nasal
region white, only a faint dark (not black) streak, which may
be absent, below eye, and merely a few rufous hairs between
horns. In examples lacking the dark eye-stripe nearly the
entire head is white. In a specimen in the Tring Museum
the horns measure 8J inches in length, with a girth of 3^,
and a tip-to-tip interval of 5| inches.

No example in collection.

The specimen to which the following name has been
given may be inseparable from this race : —

Gazella mhorr reducta, Heller, Sitzber. Ges. Isis, 1906, p. 15, 1907.
Oazella dama reducta, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 271,
1908.

Founded on a menagerie specimen, without definite
locality, and stated to be intermediate between dama dama
and d. mhorr, but nearer to the latter, from which it differs
by the smaller horns, the brighter rufous and smaller extent of
the coloured area, and the nearly white head, which is fawn
only at the back and blackish at the base of the horns.

D.— Gazella dama ruficollis.

Antilope dama, LicJitenstein, Abhandl. Ak. Berlin, 1824, p. 226,
1826, Darstellung. Sdugeth. pis. iii and iv, 1827; Cretzschmar,
EuppeWs Eeise nordl. Afrika, Atlas, pp. 39 & 43, pis. xiv-xvi, 1826 ;
H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 331, 1827, partim ;
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys., Mamm. pi. vi, 1828 ;

ANTILOPIN/E 107

Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 25, 1835, Verzeichniss
'Mus. Senckenberg. pt. 1, p. 38, 1842 ; Waterliouse, Cat. Mamm.
Mus. Zool Soc. p. 41, 1838; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handl. 1842, p. 201, 1843 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 408, 1844, vol. v, p. 404, 1855; Schinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 424, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 25, pi. xxvi, 1848 ; Giebel,
Sdugethiere, p. 308, 1853-55 ; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Cats. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 6, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afnka, vol. ii,
p. 103, 1877 ; Hartmann, Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, vol. iii, p. 253,
1868 ; nee. Pallas.

Antilope ruficollis, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 205, 1827 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868.

Antilope (Dama) addra, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 2, Trans.
Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 7, 1833 ; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 288, 1836; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 261,
1840 ; Eeichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 116, pi. xxxv, fig. 207,
1845.

Antilope dama var. orientalis, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handl. 1845, p. 266, 1847.

Gazella ruficollis, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 231, 1846, Knoiusley Menagerie, p. 5, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 114, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 60, 1852, Cat.
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 39, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 108, 1873; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 193,
1853 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 117, 1892 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 205, pi. Ixxi, 1898;
Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 344, 1899.

Gazella dama, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 158, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 347; Jentink,
Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 137, 1887,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 169, 1892 ; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 235, 1893 ; nee Antilope dama, Pallas.

Gazella dama ruficollis, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1906, p. 240 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 274, 1910, ed. 7, p. 273,
1914.

ADDRA (Dongalese), ARIEL (in common with some of the other big
gazelles, Arabic).

Typical locality Dongola district, Eastern Sudan.

Types in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-on-Maine.

Eufous area greatly restricted, occupying only neck,
exclusive of a white gorget, and fore part of back, and
gradually shading off into white on sides and rump ; a faint
rufous tinge on middle line of face, but ears and remainder
of head white. Good horns measure from 14 to 15£ inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 4J to 6, and a tip-to-
tip interval of from 3J to 15 J inches.

The range includes Dongola and Sennar.

108

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

46. 6. 2. 78. Skin, mounted, female. Sennar.

By exchange with the Stockholm Museum, 1846.
48. 8. 19. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Kordofan ; collected by Parreys. Purchased, 1848.

2. 3. 25. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Forty-
five miles west of Orndurman.

Presented ly Major H. N. Dunn, 1902.

FIG. 20. — HEAD OF RED-NECKED GAZELLE
(Qazella dama ruficollis).

2. 8. 5. 5. Skull, with horns. El Obeid, Kordofan.

Same history.

2. 6. 12. 1. Head, mounted (fig. 20). El Ani, 250 miles
west of Khartum.

Presented ly the Hon. Cuthbert James, 1902.

109

3. 2. 8. 32. Skin, mounted. Gebel Tueis, 90 miles south
of Omdurman. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1903

9. 7. 15. 1. Skull, imperfect, with horns, and skin.
Sudan ; collected by Capt. S. S. Flower. Purchased, 1909.

III. Genus ANTIDORCAS.

Antidorcas, Sundevall, K. Svcnska Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1845, p. 271,
1847 ; Thomas and Sclater, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 53,
1897 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 237 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, pp. 893 and 897.

Distinguished from Gazella by the presence of a large
evertible dorsal gland, lined with long white erectile hairs,
extending from middle of back to rump, the absence of
inguinal glands, and the presence of only two pairs of lower
premolars; the number of upper prernolars being either
three or two. Neumann considers the genus, which is repre-
sented by a single South African species, nearly allied to
the large gazelles of the subgenus Nanger, and the horns —
present in both sexes — show a striking similarity to those
of Gazella soemmerringi, although shorter.

ANTIDOECAS MARSUPIALIS.

La Gazelle a bourse sur le dos, Allamand, Schneider's ed. Buffon's
Histoire Naturelle, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 142, pi. Ix, 1778 ; Buff on,
Hist. Nat., Suppl. vol. vi, p. 180, 1782.

Antilope marsupialis, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 427,
1780 ; Bechstein, Ucbersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 645,
1800.

Antilope euchore, "Forst.," Zimmermann, op. cit. vol. iii, p. 269,
1783; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxxii, p. 1787; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 344, 1801 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii,
p. 232, 1804, Eegne Animal, vol. i, p. 260, 1817 ; Lichtenstein,
Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 169, 1814, Darstellung. Sdugeth.
pi. vii, 1827; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 423, 1814;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815; Des-
marest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 185, 1816, Mammalogie,
vol. ii, p. 455, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1189, 1818 ; Schinz, Cuvier' s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 237, 1821,
Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 400, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 5, pi. iii,
1848 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 441, 1822 ;
Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i, p. 290, 1822, List
Quadrupeds presented to Brit. Mus. p. 5, 1825; H. Smith,
Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 208, vol. v, p. 331, 1827 ;
Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 373, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 286, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Eegne Anim., Mamm. p. 176, 1842 ;
Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 72, 1832 ; Jardine, Naturalist's

110 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 213, pi. xxvii, 1835 ; Owen, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Gervais,
Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. i, p. 261, 1840; LauriUard, Diet. Univ.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 615, 1841; Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 388,
1844 ; Wagner, ScJireber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 414,
1844, vol. v, p. 407, 1855; TemmincJc, Esquiss. Zool. Guine,
p. 193, 1853; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 212,
1880 ; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 485, 1887.

Antilope saccata, Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785.

Capra pygargus, TJiunberg, Reisa, vol. ii, p. 28, 1789.

Antilope saltans, Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 312, 1792.

Antilope saltatrix, Link, Beytrage Naturgeschichte, p. 79, 1795, nee
Boddaert.

Antilope saliens, ) Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,

Antilope dorsata, j Tabl. p. 33, 1804.

Antilope pygarga, Thurnberg, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. p. 315, 1811 ;
Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii,
p. 633, 1868.

Cerophorus (Gazella) euchore, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas marsupialis, OJcen, LehrbucJi Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 738, 1816.

Gazella euchore, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 191,
1834 ; Harris, Wild Animals S. Africa, pi. iii, 1840 ; Sundevall,
K. SvensJca Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1842, pp. 201 and 243, 1843 ; Gray,
List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 60, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
pp. 56 and 145, 1847, Knoivsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850 ; Turner,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 168 ; Blanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 262,
1870 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 550 ; Drummond, Large
Game S. Africa, p. 426, 1875 ; BucJcley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876,
p. 282; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 741; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 755;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 264, 1884 ; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 220, 1889 ; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 162, 1891 ; Flower and
LydeJcJcer, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 122, 1892 ; Nicholls and Eglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 29, 1892; LydeJcJcer, Horns and Hoofs, p. 238,
1893.

Antidorcas euchore, Sundevall, K. Svenslca Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1845,
p. 271, 1847 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 116, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 63, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 40, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 109, 1873 ; Layard, Cat.
Mamm. S. African Mus. p. 67, 1861 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 233, 1862 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 171, 1863; Fitzinger, Sitzber. Jc. ATt.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 158, 1869; JentinJc, Cat. Osteol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 169, 1887, Cat. Mamm.
Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 137, 1892 ; Sclater and Thomas,
BooJc of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 55, pi. Ii, 1897 ; Bryden, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 332, 1899 ; LydeJcJcer, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 244, 1908; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa,
Mamm. p. 209, 1900; Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i,
p. 419 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 238, ed. 7, p. 275,
1914 ; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

ANTILOPIN.E 111

Antidorcas marsupialis, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 75, 1907 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 893.

SPRINGBOK, or SPRINGBUCK.

Typical locality Cape Colony.

Shoulder-height 31 to 32 inches. Horns sublyrate, with
the tips strongly incurved, and in general form very similar
to those of Gazclla soemmerringi, but shorter. General colour
bright rufous fawn, with a broad blackish flank-band and
indistinct pygal band ; face wholly or mainly white (wholly
or partially fawn in young), with a narrow rufous streak
running from aperture of each face-gland to muzzle ; crown
and middle of forehead like back ; backs of ears white or
pale fawn ; hairs of dorsal gland, rump, basal portion of tail,
under-parts, and inner and hind surfaces of limbs white ;
tip and crest of tail white. Good horns measure from 14 to
19 J inches in length, with a basal girth of from 5 to 6J,
and a tip-to-tip interval of from 3f to 20J inches.

The range includes South Africa, as far north as the
Zambesi on the east, and Mossamedes on the west.

Two races appear distinguishable : —

A. Face wholly white ; eye-stripe narrow A. m. marsupialis.

B. Forehead in front of horns chestnut ; eye-

stripe broader A. m. centralis.

A.— Antidorcas marsupialis marsupialis.

Typical locality probably southern Cape Colony.

Face wholly white; eye-stripe narrow. Face of young,
according to W. L. Sclater, fawn in middle line and white
on sides.

618, c. Pair of horns. Amaryllis Station, Upper Orange
River. Presented lij Dr. W. J. Bur dull, about 1817.

618, d. Frontlet and horns. South Africa. No history.

42. 4. 11. 1. Skin, mounted. South Africa; collected
by Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (S. African Museum), 1842.

39, c. Skin, immature female. South Africa.

Purchased (Turner), about 1846.

46. 7. 2. 3. Skin, mounted, immature female, and skull
(46. 10. 26. 19), with horns. South Africa.

Purchased (Turner), 1846.

112

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

46. 4. 25. 22. Frontlet and horns. South Africa.

Purchased (Argent), 1846.
46. 10. 24. 2. Frontlet and horns. South Africa.

Same history.
59. 2. 11. 3. Skeleton. South Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1859.
89. 2. 2. 5. Frontlet and horns, female. Natal.

Presented ~by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

96. 11. 28. 8. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mahemfontein,

Orange Eiver Colony. Presented ty F. C. Selous, Esq., 1896.

B. — Antidorcas marsupialis cen trails, subsp. n.

Typical locality Deelfontein, Cape Colony.

Upper part of forehead in front of horns chestnut ; eye-

PIG. 21. — HEAD OF DEELFONTEIN SPEINGBUCK
(Antidorcas marsupialis centralis).

AN TI LOPING 113

stripe broad ; size apparently larger than in typical race.
Face of young wholly fawn.

2. 12. 1. 34. Skin, immature, mounted. Deelfontein,
Cape Colony ; collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.

Presented ly Lieut. -Col. A. T. Sloggett, C.M.G., 1902.

2. 12. 1. 35. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

2. 12. 1. 41. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

2. 12. 1. 42. Head, mounted (fig. 21). Same locality and
collector. Type. Same history.

3. 1. 4. 60. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality and collector. Same donor, 1903.

3. 3. 6. 25-28. Four fcetuses, in spirit. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

IV. Genus LITHOCRANIUS.

Lithocranius,* Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 79, 1886 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 227, 1898 ; PococJc,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 896.

Distinguished from other members of the subfamily by
the great elongation of the neck and limbs, in the latter of
which the lateral hoofs are minute, the presence of four teats,
and of a bare dark glandular area below each eye, as well
as by the structure of the feet, in which the folded inter-
ungual membrane extends only a little more than half the
distance between the "heels" and the hind edges of the
front of the hoofs. Inguinal glands wanting ; three pairs of
lower premolars ; skull long and low, the elongation being
particularly noticeable in the portion behind the horns, of
which the bones are extremely hard and solid ; auditory
bulloe low and opaque ; lachrymal depressions shallow ; pre-
maxillse not reaching nasals ; lower jaw slight and slender.
Horns, which are present only in males, of a sublyrate
gazelle-like type, with their points curved forwards, or
forwards and upwards.

Eepresented by a single large Somali and East African
species.

* Litocranius in original.
III. I

114

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

LITHOCRANIUS WALLER!

Gazella walleri, Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 929, pi. Ivi ; Sclater,
ibid. 1884, p. 538, pi. xlix ; Phillips, ibid. 1885, p. 931 ; Hunter,
Willoughby's Great Game of East Africa, p. 289, 1889 ; Flower
and Lydeklcer, Study of Mammals, p. 342, 1891 ; Inverarity,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi, p. 459, 1891.

FIG. 22. — HEAD OF GERENUK (Lithocranius walleri}.

Lit[h]ocranius (Gazella) walleri, Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i,

p. 79, pi. v, fig. 3 and pi. vi, fig. 1, 1886.
Lithocranius walleri, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 207, Ann.

Mus. Genova, ser. 2, vol. xvii, p. 107, 1896 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool.

Soc. 1892. p, 101, 1893, pp. 101 and 118; Swayne, ibid. 1892,

p. 305, 1895, p. 305, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 312, 1895 ;

Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 134, 1892, ed. 6, p. 280, 1910, ed. 7,

ANTILOPIN^ 115

p. 278, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 241, 1893, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 379, 1899, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 273, 1908; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i. p. 307, 1894; Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 132,
1895 ; Hoy os, Zu den Aulilian, p. 10, 1895 ; Bhoads. Proc. Ac.
Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519 ; Elliot, Zool. Publ Field Mus. vol. i,
p. 226, 1897, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. viii) p. 80, 1907 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iii, p. 229, pi. Ixxiv, 1898; 0. Neumann, Sitz. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1899, p. 21 ; Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali.
p. 80, 1910; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 896; Lonnberg,
K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 170, 1912.

GERENUK.

Typical locality Juba Valley, Jubaland, south of Italian
Somaliland.

Shoulder-height about 39 inches. General colour rich
chestnut or cinnamon rufous, sharply bounded on upper part
of flank by a lighter band, but without dark flank-band;
median line of forehead deep rufous ; a whitish ring round
eye, interrupted by a glandular area, which is blackish purple ;
backs of ears pale fawn, as are outer surfaces of limbs ; tail
rufous above, whitish below, crest black ; white of hams,
which is very narrow, running up by sides of tail to intrude
into body-colour. Horns thick, oval in section, closely
ridged, with the middle portion more or less lyrate, and the
tips curving forwards ; good specimens measure from 14 to
17 inches in length, with a basal girth of from 5 to 5J, and
a tip-to-tip interval of from 2£ to 6f inches.

The two races are distinguishable as follows : —

A. Size smaller, colour brighter, knee-tufts black, or

black and brown L. w. walleri.

B. Size larger, colour duller, knee-tufts brown L. w. sclateri.

A. — Lithoeranius waller! walleri.

Typical locality Juba Valley.

Size comparatively small, with proportionately short
horns and neck ; general colour bright cinnamon-rufous ;
knee-tufts black ; white of under surface forming a distinct
patch at side of root of tail.

The range extends as far southwards as the plains at the
foot of Kilimanjaro.

97. 7. 29. 1. Skull, with horns. Coast near Juba Eiver ;

I 2

116 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., by whom it was given
to a Mr. Waller, after whose death it was lent by his brother,
Gerald Waller, Esq., to Sir Victor Brooke for description.
Co-type. Presented ly the Rev. C. J. Scott, 1897.

82. 6. 21. 1. Pair of horns. Kismayu, East Africa;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., etc. Purchased, 1882.

89. 8. 13. 14. Skin. Kilimanjaro district.

Presented ly H. C. V. Hunter, Esq., 1889.

4. 7. 2. 4. Head, mounted. East Africa.

Bequeathed ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

13. 8. 2. 10. Skull, with horns. Jose, south central
Jubaland. Presented ly I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1913.

13. 9. 6. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Kageri Valley,
Ankoli, Uganda. Presented ly Capt. Fisher, 1913.

B. — Lithocranius waller! sclateri.

Lithocranius sclateri, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1899>
p. 19 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 228,
1900; Lonnberg, K. SvensJca Vet.- Ah. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5>
p. 170, 1912 (as a subspecies).

Lithocranius walleri sclateri, Rothschild, Powell- Cotton's Sporting-
Trip through Abyssinia, p. 473, 1902 ; LydekJcer, Game Animals:
of Africa, p. 273, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 281, 1910, ed. 7, p. 279, 1914.

Typical locality northern Somaliland.

Type probably in the collection of Mr. C. G. Schillings.

Size larger than in typical race ; colour less rufous ;
knee-tufts brown ; white of under surface forming merely a
narrow line on side of tail. Nasals longer.

The following are the dimensions, in millimetres, of a
skull of L. w. sclateri from Berbera, and of two skulls of
L. w. walleri, respectively from Kibaya and Pangani :

L. w. sclateri. L. w. walleri.

Length of upper tooth-row 56 51 .. 46

,, ,, prernaxillae 66 57 .. 55

,, ,, nasals 74 54 .. 49

The southern limit of the range is still unknown.

79. 11. 12. 19. Skull, with horns. Southern Somaliland ;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G. Purchased, 1879.

85. 6. 19. 6-7. Two skulls, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Purchased, 1885.

ANTILOPIN^E AND ORYGIN^ 117

85. 11. 28. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Gerbatir,
near Berbera ; collected by Herr J. Menges.

Purchased, 1885.

85. 11. 28. 2. Skull and skin, female. Deymote,
Somaliland ; same collector. Same history.

85. 11. 28. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Bulliar,
Somaliland ; same collector. Same history.

86. 1. 25. 5-6. Two skins. Plateau south of Berbera ;
same collector. Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1886.

86. 11. 9. 1. Skull, female. Somaliland.

Presented ~by E. Lort Phillips, Esq., 1886.
91. 6. 20. 3-4. Skins, male and female, mounted, and
skulls. Near Berbera ; collected by Herr Menges.

Purchased, 1891.

91. 12. 19. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near
Buroa Wells, Somaliland.

Presented ly T. W. H. Clarke, Esq., 1891.

92. 12. 6. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Fifty miles
south-west of Berbera.

Presented ly Capt. J. E. Harkness, 1892.
96. 6. 8. 1. Skeleton, mounted. Somaliland.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1896.

9. 6. 1. 53. Skin. Foot-hills of Golis Range, south of
Berbera. Presented ly Dr. E. E. Drake-Brockman, 1909.

10. 10. 3. 44. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper
Shebeli Valley, Somaliland. Same donor, 1910.

12. 10. 31. 101-2. Two pairs of horns, on the frontlets.
Purchased at Aden, and doubtless imported from Somaliland.

Bequeathed ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

13. 9. 4. 4. Skull, with horns. Somaliland.

Presented ly H. Hawker, Esq., 1913.

SUBFAMILY xv.— ORYGIN^E.*

Large antelopes, with long horns, either straight, back-
ward ly curved in a scimetar-like fashion, or twisted in a
corkscrew-like heteronymous spiral, which are present and of

* Equivalent to Hippotraginx of TJie Book of Antelopes, a term
which would have to be changed if the generic name Hippotragus be
replaced ; see Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907.

118 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

approximately equal size in both sexes. Muzzle hairy ; no
face-glands or inguinal glands ; tail long and more or less
tufted at tip ; two pairs of teats ; lateral hoofs present ; feet
constructed on the same general type as in the Caprince
(vol. i, p. 72) with glands in both pairs, which consist of a
thick- walled, elongated sac, discharging by an orifice situated
close to summit of interungual web, or (Addax) the whole
gland small and opening behind an excrescence from the top
of the web ; face-markings, which are present in the young,
of a gazelline type, when fully developed; these, and
apparently the foot-glands, indicating some kind of relation-
ship with the Antilopince. Skull heavy, without supraorbital
pits or lachrymal depressions, and with small or no lachrymal
vacuities; upper molars with tall subquadrangular crowns,
severally furnished with an accessory column on inner side,
and thus closely resembling those of the Bovince.

The range of the group includes the more open districts
of Ethiopian Africa, together with Mesopotamia and Arabia.

The three genera are distinguishable as follows : —

A. Hoofs normal ; horns straight or sabre-like.

a. Horns arising behind eye-sockets, and sloping

backwards, at least at first, nearly in line of face . Oryx.

b. Horns arising above eye-sockets nearly vertically. Hippotragus.

B. Hoofs low, flat, and broadly rounded in front ; horns

forming a corkscrew-like spiral Addax.

I. Genus ORYX.

Oryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 41, 1899 ; Pocock, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907.

Size medium or large. Horns, which are long, cylindrical,
and ridged in their basal halves, arising behind eye-sockets and
inclined backwards, for at least their basal portion, approxi-
mately in the plane of the face, after which they either
continue in the same line, diverging gradually, or sweep
backwards in a scimetar-like curve ; tail with a long, thick
terminal tuft ; direction of dorsal and nuchal hairs, in
advance of a whorl behind middle of back or on rump,
reversed. Skull relatively large, with small lachrymal
vacuities and the premaxillse reaching the nasals.

ORYGIN^E 119

Range co-extensive with that of subfamily.

The four species are distinguishable as follows: —

A. Horns straight, or nearly so ; neck coloured like body.

a. Size large ; body fawn ; limbs whitish, with black

markings.

a'. Throat frequently with a tuft ; black nose-patch
and eye- stripes uniting below so as to form a
"head-stall" to muzzle 0. gazella.

b'. No throat-tuft ; nose-patch and eye-stripes not

uniting below Q. beisa.

b. Size smaller ; body whitish ; limbs, with exception

of pasterns, brown O. leucoryx.

B. Horns sabre-shaped; neck and front of shoulders

coloured differently to body O. algazel.

I. OEYX GAZELLA.

Capra gazella, Linn., Syst. Nat ed. 10, vol. i, p. 69, 1758, ed. 12,
vol. i, p. 96, 1766 ; Miiller, Natursyst. vol. i, p. 412, 1773.

Antilope bezoartica, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 8, 1766 ; Miiller, Natur-
syst., Suppl. p. 55, 1776 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 538, 1777; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 79, 1780; nee
Linn.

Gazella recticornis, Pallas* Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. vol. xiii, p. 468,
1766.

Antilope recticornis, Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 272, 1777 ;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 78, 1786.

Antilope oryx, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, pp. 16 and 61, 1777 ;
Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 107, 1780 ; Hermann,
Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 108, 1783 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclvii,
1784 ; Boddaert, Elenclius Anim. p. 139, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 189, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom,
p. 315, 1792; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 636, 1792;
Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ; Daudin, Lace-
pede's Buffon, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 302, 1801 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv,
Tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 473, 1822 ; Turton,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. p. 114, 1806 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii,
p. 425, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219,
1815; Goldfuss, Schreber' 's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1177, 1818;
Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 391, 1821, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 434, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 31, pi. xxxv, 1848;
Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 444, 1822;
Burchell, Travels in S. Africa, vol. ii, p. 23, 1824 ; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 385, 1827 ; /. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.

* " Cornu .... Gazellce recticornis, quam hodie sola ....
Africa alit." Although this has been quoted as Gazella recticornis
by Erxleben, and also by Sclater and Thomas, it does not appear
to have been intended as a technical name, any more than does
" Gazellce .... Indicce" in a later passage.

120 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

p. 478, 1829 ; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 71, 1832; Eiippell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 16, 1835 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868; Wagner,
Saugethiere, vol. v, p. 1177, 1836, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 476, 1844, vol. v, p. 436, 1855; Waterhouse, Cat.
Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1838 ; OJcen, Allgemeine Natur-
geschichte, vol. vii, p. 139, 1838 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist.
Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841 ; Reichenbach, Saugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 121, pi. xxxv, 1845; Giebel, Saugethiere, p. 294, 1853-55;
Huet. Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 483, 1887.

Antilope pasan, Daudin, Lacepede's Buffon, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799.

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 155, 1814.

Cemas pasan, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 741 , 1 816.

Cerophorus (Oryx) oryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75.

Onyx onyx, Gray, Medical Repository, vol. xv, p. 307, 1821, misprint
for Oryx oryx.

Oryx oryx, Jar dine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 204, 1835 ;
Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 135, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166,
1892 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 102 ;
Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896.

Oryx capensis, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 137; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 187, 1834; Harris, Wild
Animals S. Africa, p. 38, pi. ix, 1840 ; Sundevall, K. Svenska
Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 207, 1847: Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869 ; Buckley, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1876, p. 289, 1877, p. 455; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth.
vol. iii, p. 238, 1880 ; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 292, 1889.

Oryx gazella, Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156, 1843, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 134, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 7, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit.
Mus. p. 105, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 240, 1862 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1872, p. 604 ; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 426, 1875 ;
Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 755, A Hunter's Wanderings in
S. Africa, p. 212, 1881 ; Bocage, J. Sci. Lisboa, ser. 2, vol. v,
p. 26, 1890 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 155,
1891, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 225, 1900; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game,p. 143, 1892, ed. 6, p. 290, 1910, ed. 7, p. 288, 1914 ; Nicolls
and Eglington, Sx^ortsman in S. Africa, p. 42, 1892 ; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 246, 1893, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 382, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 280, 1908;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 57, pi. Ixxxii,
1899 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1906, p. 245 ;
Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii)
p. 83, 1907; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907; Roberts,
Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

GEMSBOK; GEMSBUCK.

Type of genus.

Typical locality some part of the desert districts of

ORYGIN^E' 121

south-western Africa, from Beclmanaland northwards to
Mossamedes, which constitutes the range of the species.

The largest species ; shoulder-height about 48 inches.
Horns long and straight. General colour greyish tawny ;
liead whitish with a black frontal patch, nasal patch, and
eye-stripe, the two latter of which unite to form a girdle
round muzzle, and also join a cheek-stripe, which, after
junction with its fellow, is continued downwards as a black
throat-stripe ; muzzle, chin, and lips white ; tips and adjacent
part of margins of ears black ; black hairs of throat-stripe
forming a fringe, frequently elongated into a tuft about
half-way down ; nape with a blackish mane, continued as a
black line along back to rump, which is black or suffused
with black above, the black extending on to the tail and
embracing the whole of its terminal tuft ; from black area of
chest a broad black flank-stripe is continued backwards to
lower part of thighs, where it expands into a patch embracing
outer sides of legs as far down as hocks, and thence extending
to inner side ; outer and inner sides of fore-legs black from
shoulders to knees, although there may be some white on
inner surface ; shanks white with a black spot on front
surface of anterior pair, and a similar spot or streak on that
of hind pair; under-parts white. Basal length of skull
about 14J inches. Fine horns measure from 43 to 47J
inches in length, with a basal girth of from 6£ to 8 J, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 17^ to 33J inches.

637, a. Single horn. S. Africa.

Old collection, no history.

39. 12. 26. 2-3. Two heads, mounted. S. Africa. (Nos.
637, b and c of Cat. Osteol.) Purchased (Stevens}, 1839.

46. 6. 1. 2. Skull, with horns. S. Africa, (No. 637, li,
Cat. Osteol.) Purchased (Stevens), 1846.

48. 6. 28. 3. Skull, with horns. S: Africa. (No. 637, e,
Cat. Osteol.) Purchased (Stevens), 1846.

55. 11. 26. 13. Skin, immature. From an animal born
in Paris. Purchased (Parzudald), 1855.

57. 7. 10. 26. Skin, immature. S. Africa ; collected by
Yerreaux. Purchased (Baker), 1857.

61. 12. 3. 2. Frontlet and horns. Algoa Bay.

Presented by C. Wemys, Esq., 1861.

122 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

81. 7. 27. 1. Frontlet and horns. Botlitli Valley, Ma-
shonaland ; collected by F. C.. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1881.

85. 6. 29. 1. Skin, mounted. Metri Butluka, north of
Bamangwato, Mashonaland ; same collector. Purchased, 1885.

85. 6. 29. 2. Skin, mounted, female. Koung Nara;
same collector. Same history.

II. ORYX BEISA.

Antilope beisa,' Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 14, pi. v, 1835 ;
Oken, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1392, 1838; Laur-
illard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617, 1841 ; Wagner,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 477, 1844, vol. v, p. 436r
1855 ; Eeichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 123, pi. xxxviii, 1845 ;
Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 436, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 33,
pi. xxxvii, 1848; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 71,,
1887.

Oryx beisa, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 207,,
1846 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 134, Knowsley Menagerie f
p. 17, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 106, 1852, Cat. Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus*
p. 104, 1873; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Goes. Leop.-Car. vol. xxxr
pt. 2, p. 17, 1863, Eeise Nor 'dost- Afrika, vol. ii, p. Ill, 1877;
Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869 ;
Stanford, Zool. Abyssinia, p. 262, 1870 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1872, p. 604, 1874, p. 323, 1875, p. 633, 1881, p. 626, pi. liv, 1892r
p. 102; Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 231, 1880;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 262, 1884 ; Phillips, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 931 ; W. L. Sclater f
Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 155, 1891 ; Flower and Lydekkerf
Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 207 ; Swayne, ibid. 1892, p. 300, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland?
p. 298, 1895 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 146, 1892, ed. 6, p. 293r
1910, ed. 7, p. 291, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 247,,
1903, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 284, 1908, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus.
p. 42, 1913 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 103 ;
Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Philadelphia, 1896, p. 519 ; Pousargues, Ann.
Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896; Elliot, Field Mus.
Zool. Pub. vol. i, p. 130, 1895, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field
Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 83, 1907 ; A. H. Neumann, Elephant-
Hunting in E. Africa, p. 363, 1898 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book
of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 65, pi. Ixxxiv, 1899; 0. Neumann,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 99 ; Rothschild, Powell-
Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902 ; Renshaw,
Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 128, 1904 ; Powell-Cotton. Unknown
Africa, p. 574, 1904 ; Gillett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 157 ;
Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. x, p. 162, 1908 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 907; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somali, p. 89, 1910.

Oryx biessa, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846.

ORYGINJE 123

BEISA.

Typical locality Red Sea littoral west of Massowa.

Size smaller than in last — shoulder-height about 26 inches-
— and horns shorter, general colour tawny; face-markings of
the same kind of type, but the nose-patch narrower and not
uniting with the shorter eye-stripes to girdle the muzzle ; also
less black on under side of lower jaw ; no fringe or tuft on
throat ; dorsal stripe, more distinct, extending nearly to
middle of rump ; flank-stripe narrower and not extending
on to thighs ; fore-legs with a black garter above knees and
a streak on front of shanks ; elsewhere white, as are practi-
cally the entire hind-legs. Good horns (other than those of
0. I. callotis) measure from 35 to 39 inches in length, with a
girth of from 5 to 7J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 7 to
13 inches.

The range extends from the African shore of the Red Sea
in the neighbourhood of Suakin, southwards to Danakil, and
thence through Somaliland to British and German East
Africa as far as Kilimanjaro.

The following races have been distinguished : —

A. Ears not tufted ; head-markings as above.

a. Colour tawny; limbs white; flank-band

relatively broad ; head-markings as above 0. beisa beisa.

b. Colour deeper and redder; legs suffused

with reddish or brownish 0. beisa gallarum.

c. Flank - band narrower ; head - markings

approximating to those of next race 0. beisa annectens*

B. Ears tufted ; black eye-stripe frequently con-

tinued downwards to lower jaw, and thence

backwards to unite with throat-stripe 0. beisa callotis.

A. — Oryx beisa beisa,

Oryx beisa typica, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293, 1910,,
ed. 7, p. 292, 1914.

Typical locality Red Sea littoral west of Massowa.

Ears not tufted; general colour pure tawny; face-
markings as described above ; flank-band medium ; legs
more or less nearly pure white.

71. 11. 29. 7. Skin, mounted. Abyssinia.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

124 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

79. 11. 12. 13. Skull, with horns. Juba Valley, Juba-
land; collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Purchased, 1879.
91. 7. 29. 1. Frontlet and horns. Somaliland.

Presented ly W. F. Sinclair, Esq., 1891.
91. 12. 3. 1. Skull, with horns. Bondap Eange, Somali-
land. Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1891.
91. 12. 3. 2. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

93.6.30.3. Skin, mounted. Shebeli Valley, Somaliland.

Same donor, 1893.

94. 2. 21. 3-4. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,

female. Haud Plateau, Somaliland ; collected by Lieut.-Col.

H. G. C. Swayne. Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1894.

1. 7. 6. 15. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Danakil,

east of Hawash, Abyssinia.

Presented ly Sir A. E. Pease, Bart., 1901.
98. 7. 2. 16. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. N. E.
Africa. Presented ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.

4. 7. 2. 9. Head, mounted. Same locality.

Bequeathed ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

7. 12. 12. 4-5. Two skulls, with horns. Southern

Abyssinia. Presented ly J. Eowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

6. 5. 4. 13. Skin. Khansa Mt., near Odwein Wells,

Somaliland. Presented ly Dr. R. E. Drake- Brockman, 1906.

6. 5. 4. 16. Skin, female. Guban, 25 miles east of

Berbera. Same history.

12. 10. 31. 90-93. Four frontlets, with horns. Somali-
land. Bequeathed Itj A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

13. 8. 2. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Jose,
central south Jubaland.

Presented ly I. N. Dracopoli, Esq., 1913.

B.— Oryx beisa g-allarum.

Oryx beisa gallarum, 0. Neumann, Sitzler. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902,
p. 99 ; LydeJclcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 284, 1908 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293, 1910 ; Hollister, Smithson.
Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 8, 1910.

Typical locality Orte Balinga, Modjo, southern Ennia-
Gallaland.

OKYGIN^E 125

Type apparently in collection of describer.

Distinguished from typical race by deeper and redder
general colour, and the presence of a reddish or brownish
wash on limbs. The hoofs are also stated to be larger, and
there may be a slight difference in the horns.

No specimen in the collection.

C. — Oryx beisa annectens.

Oryx annectens, Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2,
p. 7, 1910.

Oryx beisa annectens, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293r
1910 ; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 14, 1911 ; Lonnberg, K.
Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. vol. xlviii, no. 5, p. 173, 1912.

Typical locality Laikipia Plateau, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

Distinguished from typical race by the narrower dark
flank-stripe and the approximation of the head-markings to-
those of the next race, as well as by the larger upper molars ;
skull small and narrow in front of orbits, with the tips of the
premaxilke truncated.

10. 1. 13. 2. Head-skin, provisionally identified with
this race. Kedong Valley, B. E. Africa.

Presented ly Major G. E. Tuson, 1910.

D.— Oryx beisa eallotis.

Oryx beisa, Hunter, Willoughby's Big Game of E. Africa, p. 289.

Oryx eallotis, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 195, pi. xv ; Wardr
Records of Big Game, p. 149, 1892 ; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
vol. xv, p. 470, pi. Ixxxvi, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 248, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382, 1908 ;
Lugard, E. Africa, vol. i, p. 534, 1893 ; Matschie, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 103, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika,
p. 135, 1895; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i, p. 293, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454 ; Pousargues*
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 73, 1899 ; 0. Neumann,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1900, p. 561, 1902, p. 100 ; Hollister^
Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 8, 1910.

Oryx beisa eallotis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 285, 1908;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 293, 1910, ed. 7, p. 293,
1914.

Typical locality Kilimanjaro district, German East Africa.
General colour richer and ruddier than in the typical beisa ;.

126 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

black eye-stripe frequently continued downwards to the
lower jaw and thence backwards to join the throat-stripe ;
frontal patch and nose-patch sometimes isolated, in other
cases united by a narrow line, as in typical race ; no black
on front of shanks of fore-legs ; ears surmounted by long
tufts of black hair ; dorsal hair- whorl a little behind middle
of back, instead of on rump ; skull broad in front of orbits,
with tips of prem axillae pointed, and molars very large ;
horns relatively short. Good horns measure from 30 to 33J
inches in length, with a girth of from 5f to 5|-, and a
tip-to-tip interval ranging from 6 to 14J inches.

The range includes British East Africa south of the
Tana, and the interior of German East Africa.

92. 3. 19. 4. Head, mounted. Kilimanjaro district. Type.
Presented by J. Rowland. Ward, Esq., 1892.

2. 8. 14. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Athi
Plains, B. E. Africa. Presented by Mrs. Belleiv, 1902.

2. 8. 14. 2. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Same locality. Same history.

III. OEYX ALGAZEL.

Antilope gazella, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 17, 1777 ; Kerr,
Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 316, 1792 ; Daudin, Lacepede's
Buff on, vol. xiv, p. 182, 1799; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfilss.
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat.
vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 475, 1822 ;
Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1182, 1819 ; Schinz,
Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 394, 1821 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 444, 1822 ; Savi, Isis, 1832, p. 499 ; Eilppell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 16, 1835 ; OTcen, Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1396, 1838 ; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat.
Mamm., Index, p. 5, 1842 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere,
Suppl. vol. iv, p. 481, 1844 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 437, 1845 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 295, 1853-1855 ; nee Capra
gazella, Linn.

•Cerophorus (Oryx) gazella, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75.

Cemas algazel, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 741,
1816, partim, ex " Algazel," Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xii, pp. 211
and 272, pis. xxxiii, figs. 1 and 2, 1764.

Antilope tao, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 189,
vol. v, p. 327, 1827 ; A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 187, 1834 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 425, 1845.

Antilope (Oryx) bezoastica, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 191, vol. v, p. 327, 1827, misprint for bezoartica ; nee
Pallas.

ORYGIN.E 127

Antilope leucoryx, Lichtenstein, Darstellung. Saugeth. pi. i, 1827 ;
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys., Decas ii, pi. iii, 1828;
J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 478, 1829 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 37, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 41, 1838; Oken, Allgemeine
Naturgeschichte, vol. vii, p. 1394, 1838 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1841 ; Beichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii,
p. 120, pi. xxxviii, 1845 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 434,
1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 32, pi. xxxvi, 1848; nee Pallas.

Antilope ensicornis, Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol. Phys. vol. i,
p. 1, 1832, as a race of A. leucoryx.

Antilope algazella, Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 26, 1835.

Antilcpe bezoartria, Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 203,
pi. xxiv, 1835.

Oryx leucoryx, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.- Ah. Handl. 1842, p. 201,
1843, 1844, p. 206, 1846 ; Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156,
1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 134, Knoivsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 107, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 36, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873 ; Earth.
Reisen Nord-u. Central-Afrika, vol. i, p. 589, 1857; Wolf,
Zoological Sketches, vol. i, pi. xxiii, 1861, vol. ii, pi. xix, 1868 ;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 230, 1873, p. 604 ; Fitzinger,
Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 177, 1869 ; Brehm,
Thierleben, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 231, 1880 ; Flower and Garson,
Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 261, 1884; Jentink,
Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166, 1892 ; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 156, 1891 ; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 344, 1891 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, p. 148, 1892, ed. 6, p. 298, 1910 ; Lydekker, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 382,
1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 288, 1908; Matschie, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 104; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896 ; Johnston, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898,
p. 352 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 43,
pi. Ixxxi, 1899 ; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt, Mamm.
p. 352, 1902 ; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 144, 1907 ;
Lortet and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, vol. x, p. 160, 1908 ; Gail-
lard, Rev. Ethnogr. et Sociol. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 12.

Antilope bezoartica, Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 120,
pi. xxxvii, 1845.

Antilope ensicornis, var. nubica and senegalensis, Wagner, Schreber's
Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 479, 1844, vol. v, p. 437, 1855.

Oryx bezoarticus, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i,
p. 178, 1869.

Oryx algazel, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. ii, p. 300 ; Elliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 83,
1907 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 909 ; Ward's Records of
Big Game, ed. 7, p. 296, 1914.
OKYX, or WHITE ORYX.

Typical locality Western Sahara.

Size medium — shoulder-height about 40 inches. Horns

128 . CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

bending backwards in a bold sabre-like sweep; general colour
yellowish or reddish white, frequently with more or fewer
blotches of pale brown ; neck and shoulders above upper
part of legs bright chestnut, that tint being continued as a
dorsal stripe, and also forming a wash on hind-quarters and
root of tail ; head whitish, with a greyish brown patch on
nose and another on forehead, connected by an ill-defined
brownish line, and also an eye-stripe ; hind part of cheeks
coloured like neck ; ears dirty white ; a faint flank-stripe
rather darker than back ; mane brown ; legs whitish, with a
suffusion of brown in front spreading downwards from
shoulders and thighs ; dorsal hairs reversed from rump ; tail-
tuft black. Basal length of skull about 13 inches. Fine
horns measure from 39 to 45 inches in length, with a basal
girth of from 4| to 7J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 8J to
16 J inches.

The range includes the desert regions of northern Africa
extending as far south as Senegambia and some distance
north of Khartum, but not comprising Syria.

A,— Oryx algrazel algazel.

The typical western form of the species.
Typical locality Western Sudan.

Of the undermentioned species, some of those with no
definite locality may be referable to the eastern form.
638, a. Skull, imperfect, with horns. North Africa.

Old collection — no history.

638, I and c. Two single horns ; the former not forth-
coming. North Africa. No history.
638, e. Pair of horns. North Africa. No history.
638, e1. Skeleton, mounted. North Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society).

0. 3. 24. 1. Single horn. Sokoto, Nigeria ; collected by
E. B. Macnaughten, Esq.

Presented ly J. Eowland Ward, Esq., 1900.

ORYGlN^l 129

B.— Oryx alg-azel dammah.

Antilope dammah, Cretzschmar, RiippelVs Eeise nordl. Afrika,
Atlas, p. 22, 1826 ; Rilppell, J. B. Fischer's Si/nop. Mamm. p. 475,
1829.

Oryx algazel dammah, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 300.

Typical locality probably Kordofan, E. Sudan.

Thomas assumes the eastern representative of the species
to be racially distinct from the typical western form, but no
evidence appears to be forthcoming to show whether this is
really the case.

46. 6. 25. 63. Skin, and skull and horns. Sennar ;
collected by Parreys. Purchased, 1846.

3. 2. 8. 39. Skin, mounted, and skull. Kordofan.
Noticed by Thomas, loc. cil.

Presented ly Major H. N. Dunn, 1903.

IV. OEYX LEUCORYX.

Gazella Indices cormi singulare, Pallas, Nov. Comm. Ac. Petrop. vol.
xiii, p. 470, pi. x, fig. 5, 1769.

Antilope leucoryx, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. vol. xii, p. 17, 1777 ; Hermann,

Tabl. Affin. Anim. p. 108, 1783 ; Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte,

vol. ii, p. 108, 1780, vol. iii, p. 269, 1783 ; Schreber, Saugthiere,

pi. cclvi B, 1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 139, 1785;

Gmelin, Linn's Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 190, 1788; Kerr, Linn's

Anim. Kingdom, p. 317, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i,

p. 639, 1792; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795;

Bechstein, Uebersicht merfuss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 641, 1800;

Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 359, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s

Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 115, 1806 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat.

vol. xvii, p. 132, 1803, vol. xxiv, tabl. p. 32, 1804, Mammalogie,

vol. ii, p. 474, 1822 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 237, 1804,

Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 262, 1817 ; Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. 1,

p. 408, 1808 ; Thunberg, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. vol. iii, p. 313,

1811 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 425, 1814 ; Afzelius,

Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219, 1815 ; Goldfuss, Schreber' 's

Saugthiere, vol. v, p. 1180, 1818; Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich,

vol. i, p. 391, 1821 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i,

p. 444, 1822 ; H. Smith, (Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,

p. 186, vol. v, p. 326, 1827 ; Riippell, Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin.

p. 16, 1835 ; Pearson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. ix, p. 519,

1840.

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,

p. 156, 1814.

Cemas oryx, OJcen, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 734,
1816.
III. K

130 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Cerophorus (Oryx) leucoryx, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,

p. 75.
Oryx leucoryx, Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mainm. vol. iii, p. 204,

1835; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1903, vol. i, p. 300; Pocock,

ibid. 1910, p. 908; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7, p. 293,

1914.

Antilope ensicomis var. asiatica, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere,

Suppl. vol. v, p. 437, 1855.
Oryx leucoryx pallasi, Fitzinger. Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,

pt. 1, p. 178, 1869.

Oryx beatrix, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857, p. 157, pi. Iv, Cat. Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 36, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 112, 1873 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 603, 1881, p. 819 ;
St. John, ibid. 1874, p. 95 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.
pt. ii, p. 156, 1891 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals,
p. 344, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 148, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 298, 1910 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great
and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 204, 1901 ; Matschie, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1893, p. 104 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 541 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131,
1896; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 51,
pi. Ixxxii, 1899 ; Renshaw, Final Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 136, 1907 ;
Carruthers, Field, vol. cxiv, p. 122, 1909.

Antilope beatrix, Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. ix, p. 61, 1887.

BEATRIX, or ARABIAN, ORYX.

Typical locality probably Arabia.

The smallest member of the group; shoulder-height
about 35 inches. Horns nearly straight, relatively long ;
general colour dirty white, slightly darker on haunches ; face
with a frontal and a nasal brown patch, which may be united
by a narrow line, and a similarly coloured eye-stripe expand-
ing below to form, with its fellow and a throat-stripe, a
patch on lower jaw, and continued as a line down throat as
far as chest, which is also brown ; ears, mane, and tail
(except black tuft) whitish. Legs, from shoulders and thighs
to pasterns (which are white), deep brown ; a faint brownish
flank- stripe ; hair of back reversed from rump. Horns
measure from 22 to 27J inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 4 to 5, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 9£ to
12 J inches.

The range extends from Southern Arabia to Mesopo-
tamia.

57. 6. 26. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. From an
animal presented by Capt. J. Sheppard to the Zoological

ORVGIN^E 131

Society, and probably obtained from the shores of the
Persian Gulf. Type of 0. leatrix.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1857.

72. 11. 18. 1. Skin, mounted, and skeleton. From an

animal obtained by Col. Pelly, then British Eesident at

Bushire, Persian Gulf, and presented by J. Gwyn Jeffreys,

Esq., to the Zoological Society.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1872.
90. 12. 20. 1. Skeleton, with horns, immature female.
Head of Persian Gulf; collected by B. T. Ffinch, Esq.

Purchased, 1890.

94. 3. 9. 10. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature
female. Adam, Oman, S. Arabia.

Presented ly Lieut. -Col. A. S. G. Jayakar, 1894.
97. 1. 14. 10. Skeleton, horns, and skin. Same locality.

Same donor, 1897.
7. 10. 23. 1. Skin, mounted. Mesopotamian Desert.

Presented ly P. B. Vander Byl, Esq., 1907.

II. Genus HIPPOTRAGUS.

Egocerus, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 475, 1822, nee ^Egoceros,
Pallas.

Aigocerus, Hamilton Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v,
p. 324, 1827, nee JEgoceros, Pallas.

Ozanna, Eeichenbach, Saugethiere, vol. iii, p. 126, 1845.

Hippotragus, Sundevall, K. SvensTca Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 196,
1846 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 3,
1899 ; Pococlc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 909.

Size large ; general form taller and more slender than in
preceding genus. Horns medium or very long, heavily
ridged, cylindrical or compressed, and rising nearly vertically
above eye-sockets, so as to form an obtuse angle with plane
of face, after which they sweep backwards in a bold,
scimetar-like curve, with a comparatively slight but regular
divergence; glandular tufts of white hairs below eyes.
Skull closely resembling that of Oryx in general characters,
but the lachrymal fissures frequently obliterated.

The range comprises the greater portion of Ethiopian
Africa, exclusive of the equatorial forest-zone.

K 2

132 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

The three species are distinguishable as follows : —

A. No dark face-markings H. leucophceus.

B. Face with dark markings.

a. General colour greyish or rufous brown H. equinus.

b. General colour black H. niger.

I. HIPPOTKAGUS LEUCOPH^US.

Blue Antelope, Pennant, Quadrupeds, p. 66, 1781.
La Gazelle Tzeiran, Buffon, Nat. Hist. vol. vi, p. 168, pi. xx, 1782.
Antilope leucophaea, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 4, 1766, Spicil. Zool.
fasc. i, p. 6, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 12, 1777 ; Erxleben, Syst. Regn.
Anim. p. 271, 1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 545,
1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 106, 1780; Gatterer, Brev.
Zool. vol. i, p. 78, 1780 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxxviii, .1784 ;
Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 139, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst.
Nat. vol. i, p. 182, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 306,
1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, p. 609, 1792 ; Link, Beytrdge
Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ; Daudin, Lacepede's Buff on,
vol. xiv, p. 183, 1799 ; Bechstein, Uebersicht vierfuss. Thiere, *
vol. ii, p. 641, 1800 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 355, 1801 ;
Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. Ill, 1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv.
Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, Tabl. p. 52, 1804 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat.
vol. ii, p. 204, 1804, Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 262, 1817 ; Tiedemann,
Zoologie, vol. i, p. 408, 1808 ; Thunberg, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb.
vol. iii, p. 313, 1811 ; Lichtenstein, Eeise, vol. i, p. 265, vol. ii,
p. 121, 1811-12; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 416, 1814;
Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 219, 1815 ; Goldfuss,
Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1183, 1818 ; Gray, Med. Eepos.
vol. xv, p. 307, 1821 ; Schinz, Cuvier1 s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 394,
1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 440, 1845 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class.
Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 446, 1822; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal
Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 176, vol. v, p. 324, 1827 ; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 386, 1827 ; /. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 479,
1829 ; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 68, 1832 ; Owen, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 634, 1868 ;
Oken, Allgemeine Naturgesch. vol. vii, p. 1396, 1838; Laurillard,
Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1841 ; Temminck, Esquiss.
Zool. Guine, p. 192, 1853 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 295, 1853-55.

Antilope capensis, Milller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 52, 1776.

Capra leucophaea, Thunberg, Eesa, vol. ii, p. 127, 1789, Engl. trans.
vol. ii, p. 113, 1793.

Antilope (Bubalis) leucophaea, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 159, 1814.

Cerophorus (Oryx) leucophaeus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,
p. 75.

Cemas glaucus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, ZooL
p. 740, 1816.

Antilope (Egocerus) leucophaeus, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii,
p. 475, 1822.

ORYGIN^E 133

Antilope (Aigocerus) leucophaeus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal King-
dom, vol. v, p. 324, 1877.

Aigocerus leucophaeus, A . Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 185, 1834 ; Gray, Knoivsley Menagerie, p. 16, 1850 ; Fitzinger,
Sitzber. 7c. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 177, 1869 ; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 483, 1887; Jentink, Cat.
Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Cat.
Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 166, 1892.

Antilope glauca, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 391, 1844.

Hippotragus leucophaeus, Sundevall, K. SvensJca Vet.-AJc. Handl.
1844, p. 197, 1846 ; Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vol. i, p. 83,
1886; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 290, 1899, Great and
Small Game of Africa, p. 417, 1899; Flower and LydeJcker,
Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891 ; Lydelcker, Horns and Hoofs,
p. 245, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 397, 1899,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 301, 1908; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 5, pi. Ixxvi, 1899 ; W. L. Sclater,
Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 215, 1900; Bothschild,
Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssi7iia, p. 475, 1902;
Renshaw, Zoologist, ser. 4, vol. v, p. 441, pi. iii, 1901, Nat. Hist.
Essays, p. 39, 1904.

BLAAUWBOK.

Typical locality, Swellendam district, Cape Colony, to
which the species appears to have been restricted. Exter-
minated about 1799 or 1800.

Type of Egocerus, Aigocerus, and Hippotragus.

Type in Leyden Museum.

Smallest of the group, the shoulder-height being about
45 inches in males and 40 in females. Horns relatively
short ; general colour bluish grey, with the forehead rufous
brown, and upper lip and a tuft in front of eyes lighter than
general colour ; ears relatively short, not tufted ; mane short,
inclined forwards ; throat-fringe almost wanting ; under-
parts dirty white ; shanks with an inconspicuous dark line
in front ; tail- tuft greyish. In the type specimen the horns
measure 24| inches in length ; those of the Paris example
carry 28 ridges.

636, e. Frontlet and horns, provisionally referred to this
species. South Africa. Figured in The Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 11, fig. 8. Old collection — no history.

134 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

II. HIPPOTRAGUS EQUINUS.

Antilope equina, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. xxiv, p. 4, and
Tabl. p. 32, 1864, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 476, 1822; Cuvier,
Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 263, 1817 ; Schinz, Cuvier 's Thierreich,
vol. i, p. 394, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 441, 1845, Mon.
Antilop. p. 37, pi. xlii, 1848 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 446, 1822; Burchell, List Quadrupeds presented to Brit.
Mus. p. 8, 1825 ; H. Smith, Griffith'' s Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 177, vol. v, p. 324, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 387, 1827 ;
J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 480, 1829 ; Smuts, Enum.
Mamm. Cap. p. 69, 1832 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 38, 1868; Goldfuss, Schreber's
Sdugthiere, vol. iv, p. 1186, 1836; A. Smith, Cat. S. African
Mus. p. 11, 1837 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 618, 1841 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 492, 1844, vol. v, p. 435, 1855.

Capra sethiopica, Schinz, Cuvier' s Thierreich, vol. i, p. 402, 1812,
based on the " Tackhaitse " of Daniell's African Scenery, no. 24,
1804-8.

Capra iubata, Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, pi. cclxxxvii,
C. 1824.

Antilope barbata, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 180, vol. v, p. 325, 1827 ; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 70,
1832 ; Jar dine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 199,
pi. xxiii, 1835; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 364, 1868.

Antilope aurita, Burchell, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 325, 1827.

Antilope truteri, J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 478, 1829.

Aigoceros barbata, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 186,
1834.

Aigoceros equinus, A. Smith, op. cit. p. 185, 1834 ; Harris, Wild
Sports S. Africa, p. 379, 1839, Portraits Wild Anim. S. Africa,
p. 92, pi. xviii, 1840; A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
pi. xxvii, 1840 ; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 132, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 16, 1850 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,
p. 169, 1863; Fitzinger, Sitzber. ~k. Alt. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Jentink, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus.
Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 166, 1892.

^Egoceros leucophseus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 158, 1843,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, List Osteol.
Brit. Mus. pp. 58 and 145, 1847, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 102,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 103, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm.
Brit. Mus. p. 23.9, 1862 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus.
Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. ix, p. 173,
1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 166,
1892 ; nee Antilope leucophsea, Pallas.

Hippotragus equinus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 197, 1846 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 217, 1893, p. 728 ;
Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 288; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol.
Mus. Ii. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 262, 1884 ; Kohl. Ann. Hofmus.
Wien, vol. i, p. 85, 1886 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.

ORYGIN.K 135

pfc. ii, p. 156, 1891, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 217, 1900 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891 ; Nicolls
and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 51, 1892 ; Lydekker f
Horns and Hoofs, p. 243, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 397, 1899, Game Animal* of Africa, p. 295, 1908 ; Lorenz, Ann.
Hofmus. Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894 ; Rendall, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 362 ; Millais, A Breath from the Veldt, p. 127, 1896 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 2, p. 181, 1896, ed. 6, p. 286, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 285, 1914 ; Kirby, Haunts of Wild Game, p. 548, 1896 ;
Johnston, British Central Africa, p. 318, 1897 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 13, pis. Ixxvii and Ixxviii,
1899 ; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 406, 1899 ;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia,
p. 475, 1902 ; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 60, 1904 ; Alexander,
From Niger to Nile, p. 393, 1907 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 910; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 210, 1911;
Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Hippotragus leucophseus, Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 226,
1880; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 755, A Hunter's Wan-
derings in S. Africa, p. 213, 1881 ; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 262, 1884 ; Bocage, J. Sci.
Lisboa, ser. 2, vol. ii, p. 26, 1890 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 140, 1892 ; ncc Antilope leucophsea, Pallas.

Egocerus equinus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 464;
Schivarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xi, p. 266, 1913.

Ozanna equina, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool.
Pub. vol. viii) p. 82, 1907.

ROAN ANTELOPE, or BASTARD GEMSBOK.

Typical locality South Africa north of the Orange Eiver.

Size very large, the shoulder-height in some cases being
from about 56 to 60 inches, or even more. Horns stout,
comparatively short, and cylindrical ; general colour greyish
or sandy roan; forehead and sides of face black (with or
without a patch of chestnut at base of horns) ; a prominent
patch below eyes — in the lower half of which the hairs are
elongated into a tuft — and a less conspicuous one behind
eyes,* together with muzzle, lips, and under-parts, white ; ears
long, narrow, and pointed, with black pencils of hair at tips ;
a brown mane, directed mainly backwards, but showing a
tendency to be whorled at withers, and a long throat-fringe ;
limbs brownish fawn, occasionally with black patches on
shoulders and upper part of fore-legs ; tail reaching nearly to
hocks, with black tuft. Average basal length of skull about
16 inches, maximum breadth 6|, interval between muzzle

* Very frequently this patch is not surrounded by black, but in
contact posteriorly with the general body-colour.

136 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

and orbit 10 J inches. Young animals are uniformly rufous,
without any black and white face-markings.

The range is nearly co-extensive with that of the genus,
although not including the southern districts of Cape Colony.

The following races have been named :—

A. Ears moderate.

a. General colour greyish roan ; forehead wholly

black in both sexes H. e. equinus.

b. General colour pale rufous ; a patch of chestnut

at base of front of horns in both sexes H. e. langheldi.

B. Ears longer.

General colour browner. Upper part of fore-
head black in males, chestnut in females H. e. bakeri.

c. Ears still longer ; general colour more fulvous ;
upper part of forehead chestnut in both sexes.

a. Size smaller H. e. gambianus.

b. Size larger, H. e. scharicus.

A.— Hippotragrus equinus equinus.

Hippotragus equinus typicus, Sclater and Thomas, Booh of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 13, 1899; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 287, 1910, ed. 7, p. 285, 1914.

Typical locality S. Africa north of the Orange River.

General colour greyish roan ; forehead black in both
sexes right up to base of horns ; ears relatively short. Fine
horns measure from 30 to 34 inches in length (two specimens
respectively of 35 and 39£ are on record), with a girth of
from 8| to 10J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 5 to 13£
inches.

The range apparently extends as far north as Angola and
Northern Ehodesia.

636, a. Frontlet and horns. Little Klibbolikbonni
Spring, source of the Kruman Eiver, lat. 27° 20' S.

Presented ly Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

636, d. Pair of horns. S. Africa. Same history.

636, e. Frontlet and horns, female. S. Africa.

Same history.

636, g. Pair of horns. Cape Colony; collected by
Sir Andrew Smith. Purchased (Argent), about 1842.

ORYGIN/K 137

42.4.11.9. Skull, with horns, and skin. S. Africa;
collected by Sir Andrew Smith, probably in Western Trans-
vaal. Purchased ( Warwick), 1842.

42. 12. 6. 13. Skin, mounted, and skull, female.
S. Africa ; collected by Burke.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1842.

83. 7. 28. 5. Skin, mounted. Gwenia Valley, Mashona-
land ; collected by F. 0. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1883.

84. 8. 1. 3. Skin, mounted, young. Manyame Valley,
Mashonaland ; same collector. Purchased, 1884.

86. 5. 5. 9. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Same locality
and collector. Purchased, 1886.

93. 7. 25. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Near
Lake Mweru, N. W. Rhodesia ; collected by II. Crawshay, Esq.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

99. 6. 29. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba,
Nyasaland.

Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1899.

99. 6. 29. 7. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

7. 10. 25. 9. Frontlet and horns. Portuguese East Africa.
Presented by F. Vaughan Kirly, Esq., 1907.

9. 6. 26. 2. Head-skin. Zomba ; collected by Sir A.
Sharpe. Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1909.

9. 6. 26. 3. Head-skin, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

B. — Hippotragus equinus langheldi.

^goceros leucophaeus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, nee

Antilope leucophaea, Pallas.
Hippotragus bakeri, Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),

vol. i, p. 292, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454; Matschie,

Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 134, 1895 ; nee Heuglin.
Hippotragus equinus, de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 127.
Hippotragus langheldi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,

p. 181 ; Sclater and Thomas. Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 228,

1900.

Hippotragus rufopallidus, 0. Neumann, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 851

(1899).
Hippotragus equinus rufopallidus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of

Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 14, 1899 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,

ed. 6, p. 289, 1910.

138 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Hippotragus equinus langheldi, Eothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting
Trip through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902 ; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 269, 1908 ; Ward's Records of Big Game, ed. 7,
p. 287, 1914,

Egocerus equinus langheldi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i,
p. 464.

Ozanna equinus langheldi, Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486,
1910.

Typical locality Tabora, German East Africa.

Type in Berlin Museum.

General colour pale rufous roan ; forehead chestnut in
both sexes at base of horns ; ears relatively short. Horns
measure from 27 to 33 inches in length, with a basal girth
of from 8J- to 9£, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 9£ to
17^ inches.

98. 1. 5. 16. Two skulls, with horns, and head-skins,
immature. Machakos, B. E. Africa. The extent of black
on the face is small, thus leaving the light patch behind the
eye confluent posteriorly with the general colour. Noticed
by de Winton, op. cit. Presented ly S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1898.

8. 2. 14. 12. Skull, with horns, immature. M'pelele,
S. Angoniland. Presented ly C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1908.

8. 2. 14. 13. Skull, with horns, female. East of Nyika
Plateau, B. E. Africa. Same history.

5. 4. 13. 15. Skin. S. W. Ankoli, Uganda ; collected
by Mr. W. G. Doggett. Noticed by Thomas, op. cit.

Presented ly Lieut. -Col. C. Delme-Radcliffe, 1905.

5. 4. 13. 18. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

5. 4. 13. 16-17. Two head-skins, female. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

C.— Hippotrag-us equinus bakeri.

Hippotragus bakeri, Heuglin, Nova Ada Ac. Goes. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx,
pt. 2, p. 16, pi. ii, fig. 6, 1863, Reise Nordost-Afrika, vol. ii, p. 110,
1877 ; Baker, Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, pp. 475 and 545,
1867; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 214, pi. xvi ; Huet,Bull.
Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 66, 1887 ; Flower and Lydekker t
Study of Mammals, p. 343, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 142, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 246, 1893.

^Egoceros bakeri, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 177, 1869 ; Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 34, 1872.

Hippotragus equinus bakeri, Slater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,

139

vol. iv, p. 14, 1899; Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 475, 1902 ; LydekJter, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 296, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 288,
1910, ed. 7, p. 286, 1914.

Ozanna equinus bakeri, Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 489, 1910.

Egocerus equinus bakeri, Scliwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xi, p. 267, 1913.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

General colour browner than in preceding races ; upper
part of forehead at base of horns black in males, chestnut in
females; ears relatively long. Good horns measure from
31 to 37£ inches in length, with a basal girth of from 8f
to 11^, and a tip-to- tip interval of from 4J to 17 £ inches.

76. 9. 26. 4. Skull, with horns. Atbara Valley, Abys-
sinia ; collected by Herr Essler. Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.

76. 9. 26. 5. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

0. 8. 14. 1. Skull, with horns. Gebel Achmed Agha,
White Nile.

Presented by Lieut. -Col. Sir W. Garstin, G.C.M.G., 1900.

0. 8. 7. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Bahr-el-Jeraf. Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1900.

2. 8. 15. 1. Skin, mounted, provisionally referred to this
race. Kit Valley, Gondokoro, Mongalla Province ; collected
by Mr. W. G. Doggett. Apparently indicates a form inter-
mediate between langheldi and bakeri. The black on the
face has the same extent as in the Machakos heads of
langheldi, No. 98. 1. 5. 16.

Presented- by Lieut -Col. C. Delme-Radcliffe, 1905.

9. 7. 8. 3-4. Two skins, female. South of Meshera
Jeraf, White Nile. Presented by C. C. Tower, Esq., 1909.

12. 11. 13 10. Head, mounted. Binder Valley, Blue
Nile ; collected by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe.

Presented by Col. E. J. Gunthorpe, 1912.

D.— Hippotrag-us equinus scharieus.

Hippotragus equinus, Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 393,

1907.
Egocerus equinus scharieus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. xi, p. 266, 1913.

140 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Typical locality Abilela, Lower Shari Valley, N. W. Africa.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

Stated to be larger than any of the other " Sudan " races
(shoulder-height 5 feet 3 inches, according to Alexander),
but in colour approximating to the western H. e. gamlnanus,
although in the shape of the horns intermediate between
the two.

General colour ochery buff, paler on flanks, and suffused
with white on neck and shoulders, thus producing a greyish
tinge ; hairs of mane huffish at base, then brown, and black
at tips ; dorsal pale brown stripe continued on to tail as a
black line ; tail-tip black ; thighs and limbs ochery, passing
into clay-colour above hoofs; black lines round lateral
hoofs ; a seal-brown band on front of fore-legs extending at
least as low as knees ; under-parts huffish white ; ears very
long, ochery on backs, with black terminal tufts ; face-
markings variable. Nasal bones long and broad ; horns long
and divergent, with the tips, which may be either inverted
or everted, very long, and therefore different from those of
bakeri ; those of gambianus being distinguished by their
smaller size. Basal length of skull 16| inches (425 mm.).

No specimen in collection.

E. — Hippotrag'us equinus gambianus,

^goceros koba, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872,

Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 103, 1873 ; based on

Buffon's " koba " = Antilope koba, Erxleben.*
Hippotragus koba, Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 142, 1892 ;

Matschie, Mitth. deutsch. Schutz-gebiet, vol. vi, p. 17, 1893;

Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896.
Hippotragus equinus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 983, 1898,

p. 350.
Hippotragus equinus gambianus, Sclater and Thomas, BooJc of

Antelopes, vol. iv, pp. 15 and 28, pi. Ixxviii, 1899 ; de Winton,

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 359, 1899; LydeTcker,

Game Animals of Africa, p. 296, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big

Game, ed. 6, p. 289, 1910, ed. 7, p. 287, 1914.
Egoceros equinus gambianus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. xii, p. 267, 1913.

* The reasons for rejecting this name are given in vol. ii, p. 39,
of this Catalogue. Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xiii,
p. 34, 1914, considers that the specific name indicates the Korrigum,
for which he accordingly employs the name Damaliscus koba in place
of D. Jforrigum.

141

Typical locality Gambia.

General colour deep rufous, more marked in young than
in aged individuals, the latter being pale tawny, without any
bluish grizzling ; upper part of forehead chestnut in both
sexes ; ears very long. Maximum recorded horn-length
33 inches. The range includes Gambia and the Gold Coast.
46. 11. 2. 17. Frontlet and horns. Gambia; collected
by Mr. T. Whitfield. Co-type.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, 1846.

46. 11. 2. 18. Frontlet and horns. Same locality and

collector. Same history.

88. 8. 20. 3. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Upper

Gambia Valley ; collected by Dr. P. Kendall.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1888.

98. 11. 11. 1. Skull, with horns, and head-skin,
immature. Balaga, Beaufort Island, Niger.

Presented by Capt. A. J. Richardson, 1898.

99. 6. 14. 1. Head, mounted. Tumu, Gurunoi, Gold
Coast. Noticed by de Winton, op. cit.

Presented by Lieut-Col. H. P. Northcott, 1899.

13. 8. 3. 8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Upper Gambia.

Presented by G. Elaine, Esq., 1913.

14. 5. 12. 1. Skull. Lagos.

Presented by W. A. Ross, Esq., 1914.

III. HIPPOTRAGUS NIGER.

Aigocerus niger, Harris, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1838, p. 2, Trans. Zool.

Soc. vol. ii, p. 213, pi. xxxix, 1838, Portraits Wild Anim.

S. Africa, p. 126, pi. xxiii, 1840, Wild Sports S. Africa, ed. 5,

pp. 216 and 349, pi. xxii, 1852 ; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus.

p. 158, 1843, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.

1850, p. 133; Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1852, Cat.

Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.

Mus. p. 103, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.

p. 240, 1862 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103 ; Kirk, ibid.

1864, p. 658; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,

pt. 1, p. 177, 1869; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,

p. 480, 1887 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,

vol. ix) p. 135, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)

p. 166, 1892.
Aigocerus harrisi, Harris, Wild Sports S. Africa, pp. 261 and 378,

1839.
Antilope nigra, Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 265, 1840 ;

Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 618, 1842 ; Wagner,

142 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 484, 1884, vol. v, p. 436,
1855 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 442, 1845, Mon. Antilop.
p. 38, pi. xliii, 1848 ; Peters, Beise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth.
p. 190, 1852.

Hippotragus niger, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 197, 1846 ; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Goes. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx,
pt. 2, p. 16, 1863 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 218, 1896,
p. 506 ; Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 288 ; Bocage, ibid. 1876, p. 745,
J. Sci. Lisboa, ser. 2, vol. ii, p. 26, 1890 ; Brehm, Thierleben,
Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 227, 1880 ; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 756,
A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 214, 1881 ; Flower and
Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 263, 1884;
Johnston, Kilimanjaro, p. 354, 1886 ; Craivshay, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1890, p. 600 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 343,
1891 ; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, p. 137, 1892, ed. 6, p. 282,
1910, ed. 7, p. 280, 1914 ; Nicholls and Eglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 50, 1892 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 504,
1896, p. 797, 1897, p. 939 ; Lydelclcer, Horns and Hoofs, p. 245,
1893, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 397, 1899, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 290, 1908 ; Lorenz, Ann. Hoffmus. Wien,
vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894 ; Eendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,
p. 362; Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 134, 1895;
Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 31, pis. Ixxix
and Ixxx, 1899 ; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p. 221, 1900; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 908; Letcher,
Big Game N. E. Ehodesia, p. 201, 1911 ; Eoberts, Ann. Trans-
vaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Ozanna niger, Eeichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 126, 1845 ; Elliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. viii) p. 82,
1907 ; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. liv, no. 6, p. 2, 1910.

Ozanna nigra, Brehm, Thierleben, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 227, 1880.

Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger, Matschie, Deutsche Jaqer-Zeitung, vol.
lix, p. 119, 1912.

SABLE ANTELOPE, or HAREISBUCK ; ZWART WIT PENS (black, white
belly).

Type of Ozanna.

Typical locality the Cashan range of the north-western
Transvaal.

Size inferior to that of equinus, the shoulder-height
being from about 52 to 54 inches. Horns very long, much
compressed ; general colour in adult male rich glossy black ;
a stripe from above eye to muzzle — below which is a narrow
black eye-stripe reaching to a point above angle of mouth —
lips, muzzle, sides and under surface of lower jaw, upper
part of throat, inner surface of ears, a streak on buttocks,
fronts of thighs, and under-parts white, contrasting sharply
with black areas; tail wholly black; mane, in which the
hairs are directed backwards, and throat-fringe well developed ;
•ears of moderate length, without terminal pencils ; white

ORYGIN^E 143

eye-tufts less developed than in equinus. Females show
more or less rufous, and the young are wholly rufous, with
the exception of the tail-crest. Basal length of skull from
about 15f to 16J inches, maximum breadth 6J to 6f, length
from muzzle to orbit about 11 inches. Fine horns of the
typical race measure from 45 to over 60 inches in length,
with a girth of from 9 to 11, and a tip-to-tip interval of
from ?i to about 24 inches.

The range extends from the Cashan Eange of the north-
western Transvaal to British East Africa.

The species has been divided into the following three
local races : —

A. General colour of female more or less brownish

black H. n. niger.

B. General colour of female intermediate in colour

between A and o H. n. Jcirki.

c. General colour of female light chestnut, the face-
markings and fore-legs being alone black H. n. roosevelti.

A.— Hippotragus nig-er niger.

Typical locality Cashan Mountains, north-western
Transvaal.

General character those of the species.

The range extends as far north as the Zambesi.

38. 8. 1. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin. Cashan
Mountains, near Pretoria, Transvaal; shot by Sir William
Cornwallis Harris in 1836. Type.

Purchased (Capt. Alexander), 1838.

1038, c. Skull, with horns, immature ; from an old
skin. S. Africa. Purchased.

46. 6. 2. 90. Skin and horns, female. Zululand ; collected
by Herr J. Wahlberg.

By exchange with the Stockholm Museum, 1846.

51. 3. 25. 27. Pair of horns. S. Africa. Purchased, 1851.

52. 9. 22. 1. Skull, with horns, female. S. Africa;
collected by E. Gordon-Gumming, Esq. Purchased, 1852.

71. 7. 3. 9. Pair of horns. Algoa Bay, S. E. Africa.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

83. 7. 28. 3. Skin, mounted. Bili Valley, Mashona-
land; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased, 1883.

144 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

83. 7. 28. 4. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

84. 8. 1. 2. Skin, mounted, young. Kugarwe Valley,
Mashonaland ; same collector. The general colour is bright
rufous ; but the white face-markings of the adult are present.

Purchased, 1884.

86. 5. 5. 8. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Umfuli
Valley, Mashonaland ; same collector. Purchased, 1886.

89. 1. 1. 1. Skull, with horns. Port Elizabeth.

Presented by H. Pagan, Esq., 1889.

93. 6. 5. 1. Skin. Zomba, Nyasaland.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

94. 3. 18. 5. Skin, immature. Near Lake Mweru,
K W. Rhodesia.

Presented by Sir A. Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1.894.

96. 4. 2. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Nyasaland.
Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1896.

97. 10. 1. 265. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba;
collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Same donor, 1897.

1. 6. 26. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, female.
Mpimbi, Nyasaland. Presented by Lieut. -Col. Manning, 1901.
7. 10. 25. 8. Frontlet and horns. Portuguese East
Africa. Presented by F. Vaughan Kirby, Esq., 1907.

9. 5. 10. 2. Skin. Urugwisi Valley, northern Zambesi.
Presented by H. E. E. Pankhurst, Esq., 1909.
9. 5. 10. 3. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.
9. 7. 7. 1. Skin, young. Mpika, N. E. Ehodesia.

Presented by F. H. Melland, Esq., 1909.

B,— Hippotragus niger kirki.

Hippotragus niger var. kirkii, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 35,
1872; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 32,
1899.

? Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger kaufmanni, Matschie, Deutsche Jdger-
Zeitung, vol. lix, p. 119, 1912.

Typical locality Zambesia.

Apparently intermediate in the colouring of the female
between the preceding and following races. H. n. 'kaufmanni,
from Mount Caprivi, between the Chobi and Zambesi,

ORYGIN^l

145

German S. W. Africa, is said to differ from typical form
by face-markings, in which the dark eye-stripe extends to,
.and expands on, the upper lip. Practically the two types
occur respectively in the mounted male and female of the
typical race.

6. 3. 3. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Near junction
of Lari with Kabompo Eiver, upper Zambesia.

Presented by J. N. MicJclem, Esq., 1906.

6. 3. 3. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

FIG. 23.— HEAD OF EASTERN SABLE ANTELOPE
(Hippotragus niger roosevelti).

III.

146 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C. — Hippotragrus niger roosevelti.

Ozanna roosevelti, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. liv, pt. 6, p. 1,
1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910.

Hippotragus niger roosevelti, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 284, 1910, ed. 7, p. 283, 1914.

Typical locality Shimba Hills, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum.

General colour of female lighter than in typical race,
being mainly light chestnut, and the face-markings huffish
yellow instead of white. The maximum recorded horn-
length is 37 inches.

10. 4. 20. 5. Head, mounted (fig. 23). B. E. Africa.
Length of horns 35, girth 8J, tip-to-tip interval 6 J inches.

Presented ly G. D. Muir, Esq., 1910.

III. Genus ADD AX.

Addax, Rafinesque,* Analyse de la Nature, p. 56, 1815; Gray, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. i, vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 77, 1899 ; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 910.

Size and general characters very similar to those of Oryx,
but horns twisted into a heteronymous corkscrew-like spiral,
and the hoofs low, flat, elongated posteriorly, and broad in
front ; patches of long hairs below the eyes, probably
corresponding to the glandular eye-tufts of Hippotragus;
a tuft on forehead and short mane on sides of neck ; hairs
of mid-dorsal line not reversed, except occasionally on neck ;
tail-tuft relatively small.

The range includes the desert tracts of northern Africa
as far south as Senegal on the west and Dongola on the east.

ADDAX NASOMACULATUS.

Cerophorus (Gazella) nasomaculata, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, pp. 75 and 76.

Antilope iiaso-maculata, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2.
vol. ii, p. 188, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 456, 1822 ; Blain-
ville, Oken's Isis, 1819, p. 1095, pi. xii, figs. 4-7, Journ. Phys.
1819, pi. figs. 4-7; Goldfuss, Schreber's Saugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1242, 1824; Lichtenstein, Abh. Ak. Berlin, 1824, p. 215;
Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 374, 1827 ; /. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamin.

* No species-name given.

147

p. 462, 1829 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 617,
1841 ; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4. vol. iv, p. 269, 1887.
Antilope suturosa, Otto, Nova Ada Nat. Cur. vol. xii, p. 521,
pi. xlviii, 1825 ; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 206, 1827 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 382, 1827 ; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 475, 1829 ; Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1840 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 439, 1845V
Mon. Antilop. p. 34, pi. xxxix, 1848.

pi. vol. v, p. 328, 1827 ; Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbol.
Phys. Decas ii, pi. iv, 1828; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 474, 1829 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat. Verte-
brates, vol. iii, p. 634, 1868; OTcen, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte,
vol. vii, p. 1379, 1838 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. iv, p. 486, 1844, vol. v, p. 437, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 118, pi. xxxvi, 1845 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 438, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 36, pis. xl and xli, 1848 ;
Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 296, 1853-55 ; Schweinfurth, Herz von
Afrika, vol. ii, p. 534, 1874.

Antilope mytilopes, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 204, vol. v, p. 330, 1827.

Antilope gibbosa, Savi, Mem. Sci. Pisa, vol. i, p. 17, 1828, OTcen's
Isis, 1832, p. 502.

Oryx addax, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 188, 1834 ;
Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii, p. 205, pi. xxv,
1835 ; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 206, 1846.

Oryx nasomaculatus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 156, 1843.

Addax nasomaculatus,* Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xviii,
p. 232, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 135, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 17, 1850, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 108, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 36, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 104, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat.
Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 240, 1862 ; Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac.
Cces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, pt. 2, p. 18, 1863, Reise Nordost-AfriJca,
vol. ii, p. 113, 1877; Fitzinger, Sitzber. ~k. Ale. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 178, 1869 ; Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 4;
Brehm, Thierleben. Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 235, 1880 ; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 345, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, p. 150, 1892, ed. 6, p. 300, 1910, ed. 7, p. 298, 1914 ; Lydek-
ker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 249, 1893, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 394, 1899, Field, vol. cxi, p. 107, 1908, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 302, 1908; Pease, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 810;
Sclater, ibid. 1896, p. 984; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 131, 1896; Johnston, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898,
p. 352 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iii, p. 79,
pi. Ixxxvi, 1898 ; Anderson and de Winton, Zool. Egypt,
Mamm. p. 352, 1902 ; Renshaw, Zoologist, ser. 4, vol. vi, p. 363,
pi. ii, 1902; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 910; Gaillard,
Rev. Ethnogr. et Sociol. 1912, nos. 11 and 12, p. 10 ; Hartert,
Novit. Zool. vol. xx, p. 35, 1913.

* Or nasomaculata.

L 2

148

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Typical locality probably Senegambia.

Shoulder-height about 38 inches. Horns (fig. 24) as
described above, those of females thinner : general colour in
winter, when the coat is long and thick, nearly uniform
brownish grey, in summer richer and more rufous, except on

FIG 24. — HORNS OF ADDAX (Addax nasomaculatus).
From a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

head and neck ; tuft of forehead nearly black ; back of head
behind horns darkish brown ; lips and chin, a somewhat X-like
patch on face below tuft (sometimes divided by a downward
extension of the latter), the greater part of backs of ears, in
some instances a patch behind eye, legs, with the exception
of the under-mentioned patches, hind- quarters, tail, with the

149

exception of brownish tuft (when present), and imder-parts
white ; occasionally a blackish area at base of backs of ears,
a black patch on lower border of cheeks adjacent to neck,
and another between throat and shoulders ; a brownish tinge
on part of fore-legs, a knee-cap and line round fore and hind
lateral hoofs brown. Basal length of skull about 12 inches,
maximum breadth 5 J, length from muzzle to orbit 8J inches.
Fine horns measure from 32 to 39 J inches along curve, and
from 27 to 34J in a straight line, with a basal girth of from
5 £ to 6 j, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 13 to 28 J inches.
Eange co-extensive with that of genus.

A.™ Addax nasomaeulatus nasomaeulatus.

Typical locality probably Senegambia.
General characters of the species.

639, d. Imperfect skull and horns, with skin attached ;
immature female. Type of Antilope nasomaculata and
A. mytilopes, but not of the genus Addax. Originally in
Bullock's Museum, London, and stated by Hamilton Smith
to have been obtained probably from Guinea, or at any rate
Western Africa; the true locality being probably Sene-
gambia. Purchased at the sale of Bullock's Museum, 1819.
639, b. Skin, mounted, female. North Africa, probably
Senegambia. Presented ~by the Earl of Derby, about 1846.

639, &1. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

639, c and c. Skin and skeleton, the latter mounted.
N. Africa. Purchased (Zoological Society).

639, a. Two horns. North-west Africa.

Presented by Lieut. -Col. Denham and Capt.
Clapperton, R.N., about 1826.
99. 3. 19. 1. Frontlet and horns. Algerian Sahara.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1899.
99. 1. 2. 1. Skin, mounted. Tunisian Sahara.

Presented by J. I. S. Whitaker, Esq., 1899.

150 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B.— Addax nasomaculatus addax.

Antilope addax, Cretszchmar, vide supra, p. 147.

Addax nasomaculatus addax, LydeJcker, Field, vol. cxi, p. 107, 1908,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 303, 1908.

Typical locality Dongola.

Following the precedent of Sclater and Thomas in
the cases of Gazella leploceros and Oryx algazel (supra,
pp. 69 and 129), the addax of the Eastern Sudan may be
regarded as racially distinct from the typical addax of north-
western Africa, even if its distinctive features are not fully
known. It has been suggested that in the Sudan race the
winter coat is shorter than in the Tunisian animal, and that
there is less white in the neighbourhood of the eye.

6. 4. 23. 1. Skin, immature. North -western Kordofan.
Presented ly A. L. Butler, Esq., 1906.

8. 1. 3. 1. Skin. Two hundred miles south-west of
Dongola. Presented by Capt. P. E. Vaughan, 1908.

10. 6. 28. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. South-west
of Dongola. Presented by G. Blaine, Esq., 1910.

SUBFAMILY xvi.— TRAGELAPHIN^.

Large or medium-sized antelopes with the horns, which,
except in two genera, are normally restricted to the males,
usually in the form of long, upwardly directed heteronymous
spirals, devoid of transverse ridges, but almost always
furnished with a longitudinal keel on the front aspect.
Muzzle large and naked ; face-glands and lachrymal depres-
sions present or absent ; inguinal glands sometimes present ;
true foot-glands wanting, but in one genus a pair of glands
in hind lateral, or false, hoofs, these hoofs being always well
developed in both limbs; general foot-structure practically
the same as in Bovince (vol. i) ; two pairs of teats ; tail
medium and thickly haired throughout, or longer and
terminally tufted; markings, when fully developed, in the
shape of a white nasal chevron, spots on cheeks, longitudinal
bands and transverse stripes on body, spots on haunches, and
patches on limbs; these markings being present in the

TKAGELAPHIN^: 151

foetus. Skull generally with large or small lachrymal
vacuities, and frequently a pair of deep pits in frontals.
Upper molars broad and relatively short-crowned, but rather
taller in the Indian genera, in which they develop an
accessory inner column, and thus approximate very closely
to those of the Bovince, to which group these antelopes are
considered by Pocock to be closely related.

The distributional area includes Ethiopian Africa and
peninsular India, In Nature, vol. xci, p. 58, 1913, the
writer has given reasons to show that a tragelaphine antelope
probably existed in the Euphrates Valley during the
Assyrian period.

The genera may be diagnosed as follows : —

A. Face-glands wanting ; horns long and spiral ; face

and body very generally ornamented with white
markings, in the form of stripes, bands, and spots.

a. Horns in both sexes ; tail tufted ; no inguinal

glands.
a1. Horns comparatively smooth, forming a simple

open lyrate curve Boocercus.

bl. Horns very strongly keeled, nearly evenly

divergent Taurotragus.

b. Horns (except as an abnormality) restricted to

males ; tail hairy throughout ; inguinal glands
present.

a2. Horns flattened behind at base, with a strong
external basal keel, and rarely forming more

than two complete turns of a spiral Tragelaphus.

fe2. Horns rounded behind at base, without external
basal keel, and generally forming three com-
plete turns of a more or less open spiral Strepsiceros.

B. Face-glands present; horns short, not forming a

distinct spiral, wanting in females ; body not
marked with white bands and stripes.

a. Size larger ; a single pair of horns ; face-glands

small Boselaphus.

b. Size smaller ; typically two pairs of horns ; face-

glands large Tetracerus.

I. Genus TRAGELAPHUS.

Tragelaphus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75 ; Biitimeyer,
Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 73, 1878 ; Sclater and Thomas,
Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 103, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, pp. 848 and 921 ; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix,
no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

Nyala, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

152 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Face-glands wanting ; horns relatively long, restricted to
males, with the basal portion of hind surface rounded and a
strong external keel, forming, as a rule, not more than two
complete turns of a spiral; face, body, and limbs more or
less fully marked with white, at least in youth ; tail thickly
haired throughout ; ears large and expanded. Upper molars
rather narrow, without inner accessory columns. Inguinal
glands present.

Distribution restricted to Ethiopian Africa.

In the typical species the skull is characterised by the
comparative shallowness of the nasal notches, large lachrymal
vacuities, short premaxillse, slightly angulated maxillo-jugal
sutures, and small basioccipital processes.

The two subgenera here recognised are distinguished as
follows : —

A. Hoofs normal; hind surface of pasterns hairy Tragelaphus.

B. Hoofs elongated ; hind surface of pasterns bare. . . . Limnotragus.

1. SUBGENUS TRAGELAPHUS.

Hoofs normal, and hind surface of pasterns bare.
The three species here recognised are distinguishable as
follows : —

A. Nucho-dorsal crest short ; a white throat-band ; tail

shorter.

a. Size smaller, shoulder-height not exceeding about

30 inches ; sexes generally unlike in colour ;

horn-tips black T. scriptus.

b. Size larger, shoulder-height about 52 inches ; sexes

similar in colour; horn-tips yellow T. buxtoni.

B. Nucho-dorsal crest elongated into a mane ; no white

throat-band ; tail longer. Shoulder-height about

42 inches T. angasi.

I. TKAGELAPHUS SCEIPTUS.

Antilope scripta, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 8, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i,
p. 15, 1767, fasc. xii, p. 18, 1777, based on " Le Guib " of Buffon,
Hist. Nat. vol. xii, pp. 305 and 327, pis. xl and xli, 1764;
Erxleben, Syst. Regn. Anim. p. 276, 1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec.
Zool. Geogr. p. 539, 1777, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. Ill, 1780;
Gatterer, Brev. Zool. pt. 1, p. 79, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere,
pi. cclviii, 1784 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785 ; Gmelin,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 191, 1788; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 317, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 640,

TRAGELAPHINM-; 153

1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch, p. 99, 1795 ; Shaiv, Gen. Zool.
vol. i, pt. 2, p. 322, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. p. 115, 1802 ;
Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. x, p. 256, 1803 ; Cuvicr,
Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 245, 1804 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii,
p. 441, 1814; Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi, p. 169,
1814; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815;
Goldfuss, Schreber's Saugthiere, vol. v, p. 1212, 1818 ; Schinz,
Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 428, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 28, pi. xxx, 1848; Desmoulins,
Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822 ; H. Smith, Griffith's
Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 274, vol. v, p. 351, 1827 ; J. B. Fischer,
Synop. Mamm. p. 472, 1829 ; Masson, Atlas to Cuvier's Regne
Animal, pi. xl, fig. 1, 1836 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38,
Anat. Vertebrates, p. 634, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv,
pis. 380 and 381, 1842; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,
p. 273, 1887.

Cemas scriptus, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. p. 734,
1816.

Tragelaphus scriptus, Jar dine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 95, pi. i, 1835 ; Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1843,
List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 146, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850,
p. 1 45, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, pi. iv, 1850, Cat. Ungulata,
Brit. Mus. p. 138, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 50, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1873 ; Sundevall,
K. SvensJta Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846; Wagner,
Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 442, 1844, vol. v, p. 443,
1855 ; Temminck, Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 197, 1853 ; Gervais,
Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 201, 1855 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246, 1862 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. Jc. Ak. Wiss.
Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 174, 1869 ; Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 186; Garrod. ibid. 1877, p. 44; Brehm, Thierleben, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 242, 1880 ; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol.
Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 259, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Osteol.
Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887, Notes Leyden
Mus. vol. x, p. 25, 1888, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892 ; Biittikofer, Reisebilder Liberia, vol. ii,
p. 380, 1890; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 347,
1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 154, 1892, ed. 6, p. 305,
1910, ed. 7, p. 303, 1914 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 251,
1893, Game Animals of Africa, p. 323, 1908; Pousargues,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 82, 1897 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 109, pi. Ixxxix, 1900 ;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 230, 1900 ;
0. Neumann, Zool. Jahrb. vol. xiii, p. 569, 1900, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 97 ; Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 94, 1900, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 929 ; Powell- Cotton,
Unknown Africa, p. 575, 1904 ; Alexander, From Niger to Nile,
vol. ii, p. 397, 1907 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545 ; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Calliope scripta, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 182, 1842.

Antilope leucophaea, Forster, Descrip. Anim. p. 386, 1844, nee Pallas.

Antilope (Addax) scripta, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 62, 1861.

154 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

GUIB ; BUSHBUCK ; HARNESSED ANTELOPE ; GUIB ; DECULA.

Typical locality Senegal.

The typical and smallest species, the shoulder-height
reaching about 30 inches in males of the larger races ; sexes
differing in colour, the females being generally lighter and
redder than the males, with a greater development of the
white markings, which, when in their full intensity, include
a chevron and spots on the face, a chin-patch, a gorget on
the throat and another on the chest, an upper and a lower
longitudinal band on each side of the body, between which
are a number of narrow vertical stripes, a series of spots on
the haunches, and a variable amount of stripes and blotches
on the limbs, of which a pair of spots above the main hoofs
are the most constant ; a short crest of hair on nape of neck
and back ; coat of moderate length, but apparently always
short-haired on the neck of aged males, in which the under-
parts are black or blackish, and thus often darker than
the back ; tips of horns black. Maximum horn-length
(2 specimens) 19| inches.

This species, as here understood, presents such an extra-
ordinary amount of variation in colouring and markings,
due to differences of sex, age, and locality — and in some
instances perhaps individual — that it is at present impossible
to give a key to the local races entitled to recognition.
Some of the races are indeed characterised by the white and
others by the black dorsal crest, but as there are indications of
a transition in this respect, no sufficient grounds for dividing
the species into groups can be founded on this character.
Much the same may be said with regard to the presence of a
short-haired and perhaps glandular collar on the nape of the
neck, or its absence, since all bushbucks apparently tend to
acquire short-haired necks when fully adult. The lightness
or darkness of the under-parts has also been taken as a
racial character ; but it seems that in old males of all the
forms this area tends to become black or dark brown. This
is but one exemplification of the tendency in the whole group
towards a general darkening in colour and the obliteration
of the white markings with age ; a tendency which attains
its maxima in regions so far apart as Gallaland and Cape
Colony. In the forest-zone, on the other hand, the rufous

TRAGELAPHIN^E 155

coloration and fully developed white markings may persist
throughout life.

That an excessive number of local races of the species —
especially in Abyssinia and East Africa — have received
names, seems practically certain; but the material in the
collection is quite insufficient to admit of a critical revision
in this respect. All that it has been practicable to do is,
after the elimination of types, to arrange the specimens
under the heading of the race to the typical locality of which
they come nearest in point of origin.

The greater number of the named races have been
allowed to stand provisionally, although in a few instances
so-called subspecies have been included under the heading
of forms to which specific rank has been accorded by some
writers.

The explanation — offered in vol. ii. in the case of the
waterbucks — that many of the so-called subspecies have been
named on the evidence of individual herds rather than on
true local races will not hold good in the present instance,
seeing that bushbucks go about in pairs instead of associating
in herds.

For the most part, the races are arranged geographically.

A.— Trag-elaphus seriptus seriptus.

Tragelaphus seriptus typicus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388 ;
Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 480, 1899 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 109, 1900 ; W. L.
Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 231, 1900 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 325, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 307, 1910, ed. 7, p. 305, 1914; Letcher, Big
Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 172, 1911.

Tragelaphus seriptus seriptus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 807 ;
Pocock, ibid. 1910, p. 930; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

GUIB.

Typical locality Senegal.

Shoulder-height about 28 inches; neck with a nearly
bare collar ; dorsal crest white ; general colour rich dark
rufous, distinctly marked with about ten transverse white
stripes, an upper and a lower longitudinal white band, and a
circle of white spots on haunches ; a marked tendency to

156 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

blackness on neck, chest, and limbs ; the under-parts being,
as in adult males of other races, also black. Female paler,
but with much the same markings.

46. 11. 2. 22 (413, a). Skull, with horns. Gambia;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield.

Presented ~by the Earl of Derby, 1846.
46. 11. 2. 23 (413, 1). Skull, with horns. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

46. 2. 28. 1. Skin, young, mounted. West Africa.

Same history.

50. 12. 1. 2. Skin, immature, mounted. West Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.

64. 6. 15. 1 Skull, with horns. Gambia; collected by
Mr. J. T. Dalton. Purchased, 1864.

65. 5. 3. 10. Skeleton. Same locality and collector.

Purchased, 1865.

78. 7. 16. 8. Skin. Fanti. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878.

88. 8. 20. 4. Skull, with horns, and head-skin, immature.

Upper Gambia. Presented ly Dr. P. Rendall, 1888.

99. 10. 23. 1-2. Two skins, one female. Wiasi, 150

miles N.E. of Kumasi, Ashanti.

Presented ly C. Beddington, Esq., 1899.
8. 6. 26. 8. Skull, female. Daru, Sierra Leone.

Presented by Capt. Murray, 1908.

8. 12. 18. 4. Skin, mounted. Senegambia.

Presented ly F. Eussell Roberts, Esq., 1908.

9. 11. 2. 29. Skull, with horns, and skin. Thies,
Senegal ; collected by Messrs. Biggenbach and Hartert.

Purchased, 1909.

9. 11. 2. 30. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality and collectors. Same history.

10. 4. 18. 2-3. Two skins. Liberia.

Presented ly Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1910.

11. 6. 10. 114. Skull, with horns. Upper Gambia.

Presented ~by G. Fenwiclc-Owen, Esq., 1911.
13. 8. 3. 8. Skull, female. Upper Gambia.

Presented ly G. Blaine, Esq., 1913.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 157

B. — Tragrelaphus seriptus obseurus.

Tragelaphus gratus, Eochebrune, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1882, p. 9,
Faune Senegamb., Mamm. p. 123, pi. viii, fig. 1, 1883, nee Sclater.

Tragelaphus obseurus, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 958, 1898 ;
O. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 98 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 337, 1908 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 545.

Typical locality near mouth of the Senegal Eiver between
Cay or and Walo (Oualo). Imperfectly known ; apparently
allied to typical race, but with only three pairs of transverse
body-stripes.

No specimen in collection.

C.— Tragrelaphus seriptus phaleratus.

Antilope phalerata, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,*vol. iv,
p. 275, vol. v, p. 351, 1827 ; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 429,
1845.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) phalerata, A. Smith, S. African Quart.
Journ. vol. ii, p. 219, 1834; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 296, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Eegne Anim. p. 181, 1842; Gervais,
Diet. Sci, Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840; Eeichenbach, Sduge-
thiere, vol. iii, p. 81, 1845.

Tragelaphus phalerata, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 189, 1846; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 174, 1869 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

Tragelaphus seriptus phaleratus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 125, 1908.

Typical locality near the Great Falls of the Lower -Congo.
Nearly allied to typical race ; upper longitudinal white
band usually present in males, absent in females.
No specimen in collection.

D. — Tragelaphus seriptus makalae.

Tragelaphus seriptus makalae, Matschie, Sitzberg. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p, 563 ; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xiii,
p. 42, 1914.

Typical locality Makala, southward of the Lindi Valley
(which lies to the south of the Aruwimi).

Type (a headless skin) in the collection of Major Powell-
Cotton at Quex Park, Birchington, Kent.

158 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

General colour chestnut-brown (Indian maroon), with
ten white stripes, of which the third and sixth are distinct,
while most of the others are more or less obscurely indicated
by lines of elongated hairs ; a longitudinal band broken up
into large white spots, and bending upwards posteriorly to
the dorsal crest, which is white between the first six
transverse stripes, but in front and behind this black ; six
large white spots on haunches ; neck apparently as in
typical race.

No specimen in collection.

E.— Tragelaphus seriptus knutsoni.

Tragelaphus seriptus knutsoni, Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15,
p. 1, 1905 ; LydekJcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 324, 1908.

Tragelaphus knutsoni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

•

Typical locality Upper Manns Valley, Cameruns.

Type in Eoyal Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Stockholm.

Distinguished from typical seriptus by fully haired neck,
the wholly black dorsal crest of males, which is also present
in females, the longer coat, and the differently coloured legs.
The fore-legs are yellowish brown, with the fronts black, and a
yellowish black-bordered white spot above each hoof; general
colour rich dark rufous, with eight indistinct transverse
stripes, a well-developed lower longitudinal band, and two
spots representing fore part of upper band ; also two white
spots on shoulders, and about twelve — some very indistinct
— on haunches ; a white spot below posterior angle of
eyes, but none in front of same ; under-parts black. Female
brighter rufous, without any black on body except the crest,
which does not extend so far forward on neck ; transverse
stripes more distinct, and upper lateral band short but
continuous.

413, g, h. Two skulls, imperfect, with horns, pro-
visionally referred to this race. Victoria Mountains,
Cameruns. Presented by Co.pt. Burton.

TRAGELAPHIN^: 159

F.— Tragelaphus scriptus decula.

Antilope decula, Riippell, Ncue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 11, pi. iv,
1835-40; Schinz, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 427, 1845; Huet,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 78, 1887.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) decula, Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i,
p. 266, 1840 ; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim. p. 181, 1842 ;
Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 78, 1845 ; Giebel, Sduqe-
thiere, p. 311, 1853-55.

Calliope decula, Riippell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii
pt. 2, p. 182, 1842.

Tragelaphus decula, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 166, 1843,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 145, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 139, 1852. Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 50, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1873;
Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 442, 1844,
vol. v, p. 445, 1855; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl.
1844, p. 189, 1846 ; Schinz, Mon. Antilop. p. 26, 1848 ; Heuglin,
Nova Acta Ac. Cces. Leop.-Car. vol. xxx, p. 20, pi. i, fig. 5, 1863,
Zoogr. Roth. Meer, p. 26, 1869, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869,
Reise Nordost-AfriJca, vol. ii, p. 120, 1877 ; Flower, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1875, p. 186; Brooke, ibid. 1878, p. 884; Jentink, Cat.
Osteol. Ley den Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1889, Cat.
Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 173, 1892; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 1893; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 2, p. 196, 1896 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv,
pp. 81 and 83, 1897 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 105, pi. Ixxxviii, 1900; Lonnberg, Archiv Zool. vol. ii,
no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus decula, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 233, 1900 ;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia,
p. 477, 1902 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 328. 1908 ;
Drake-Brockman, Mammals of Somali, p. 91, 1910 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 309, 1910.

(?) Tragelaphus decula fulvo-ochraceus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1912, p. 564.

Typical locality Abyssinia.

Height at shoulder about 26 inches. Neck fully haired ;
dorsal crest black ; general colour yellowish or sandy brown,
gradually darkening on shoulders and hind-quarters, and so
on to under-parts ; a white spot below each eye, and another
on lower jaw ; two longitudinal bands, of which the lower is
broken up into streaks, but generally no distinct transverse
stripes or haunch-spots; usual throat- and limb-markings
present. T. decula fulvo-ochraceus is based on the skull and
skin of a female from Dungoler, near Lake Tsana (Tana),

160 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Abyssinia, in the collection of Major Powell-Cotton, stated
to differ from the female of typical decula by the presence
of white hairs in the dorsal crest, which is blackish brown
instead of chestnut-brown, by the ochery general colour, and
the absence of white longitudinal bands.

61, a. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Abyssinia ; collected by Dr. Euppell. Purchased.

74. 11. 2. 7. Skin, mounted, and skull. Salam tributary
of the Upper Atbara Valley, Abyssinia.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1874.

74. 11. 2. 8. Skin, mounted, and skull, female. Same
locality. Same history.

76. 9. 26. 8. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Upper
Atbara Valley. Purchased (Gerrard), 1876.

4. 9. 25. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin, young. Horoso
Valley, Abyssinia.

Presented ~by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1904.

12. 11. 13. 1. Head, mounted. Diuder Valley,
Abyssinia ; shot by Capt. M. E. T. Gunthorpe.

Presented by Col. S. J. Gunthorpe, 1912.

G.— Tragrelaphus seriptus meneliki.

Tragelaphus meneliki, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902,
p. 93 ; Lonnberg, ArMv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus seriptus meneliki, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 325, 1908, Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Gara Mulatta, Burka, and Jaffa Kanges,
on upper Webi Shebeli watershed, Arusi Gallaland.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

Size large, shoulder-height about 29 J inches ; coat long ;
neck fully haired ; dorsal crest black, with a few white hairs
posteriorly ; general colour ranging from blackish rufous
grey (like that of sylvaticus, infra, p. 162) to deep shining
black ; no white markings on body with the occasional
exception of two or three flecks on haunches ; an imperfect
white chevron between eyes ; white markings on fore-legs
much the same as in multicolor (infra, p. 177), but the spots
above hoofs smaller and less distinct. Female light brownish

TRAGELAPHIN.E 161

rufous, much the same as in typical scriptus, with no white
markings on sides of body, but a fleck on under surface, the
remainder of which is whitish yellow-grey.

The female is very similar to the type of delamerei (which
is a young individual), but may be distinguished by the
presence of a white streak on the front of the hind-legs, as
well as of throat and breast patches. From sylvaticus the
male differs by the slight development of white in the dorsal
crest, as well as in the leg-markings.

10. 11. 29. 2. Skin, mounted. Sahatu Mountains,
Arusi Gallaland. The coat is almost wholly black, and thus
different from the examples described by Neumann; but
since the specimen comes from practically the same district
as the former, it can scarcely be racially distinct.

Presented ty Ivor Buxton, Esq., 1910.

H.— Tragelaphus scriptus powelli.

Tragelaphus, subsp. Rothschild, Powell - Cotton's Sporting Trip
through Abyssinia, p. 476, 1902.

Tragelaphus powelli, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 547.

Typical locality Managasha Forest, westward of Shoa,
Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton, Quex Park,
Birchington, Kent.

Resembles meneliki and haywoodi in the paucity of white
markings and the long coat ; differs from latter by lighter
colour of neck, back, and rump, and the presence of a
remnant of a dark crest, replaced by white posteriorly ; no
short-haired collar on neck ; general colour tobacco-brown,
somewhat lighter than in meneliki, with a blackish blaze on
forehead ; white limb-markings reduced to a pair of small
spots above main hoofs. Female bright rufous, with back of
neck and saddle on back dusky ; two or three white haunch-
spots.

6. 11. 1. 56. Skull, with horns. Managasha Forest;
collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro. Topo-type.

Presented ly W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.
ill. M

162 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

13. 3. 2. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin (including
limbs). Salle Forest, Gire, Abyssinia.

Presented by L. C. G. Clarke, Esq., 1913.
13. 3. 2. 1. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

The two following specimens belong to this or one of the
allied north-eastern races :—

6. 11. 1. 66. Skull, with horns, and skin. Wotchacha,
N. E. Africa ; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.

Presented ly W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.

6. 11. 1. 67. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lake Zuay
(Zwei), south of Shoa ; same collector. Same history.

L— Tragrelaphus scrip tus multicolor.

Tragelaphus multicolor, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,

1902, p. 95 ; Lonriberg, ArUv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ;

Matscliie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.
Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor, Lydekher, Great and Small Game

of Africa, p. 325, 1908 ; Ward, Becords of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 309, 1910, ed. 7, p. 307, 1914.

Typical locality Hawash Valley, south-east of Sekua
Eange, Shoa, Abyssinia.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

Size approximately the same as in typical race ; neck
with a short-haired collar ; dorsal crest black ; general colour
light rufous brown, with a row of four distinct white
spots on haunches; under-parts black, with a whitish
patch posteriorly ; nose blackish brown ; a spot below each
eye (but no chevron in front) and another on lower jaw,
chin, and a throat and a breast patch white ; front of fore-
legs black, with white patches on sides of knees ; a pair of
large black-rimmed white spots above both main and lateral
hoofs ; a white streak down front of hind-legs ; tail-tip black.

13. 4. 28. 1. Skin, mounted. Hawash Valley. The
two pairs of black-rimmed white spots respectively above
main and lateral hoofs are very distinct and characteristic.

Presented by Lord Wodehouse, 1913.

Tl.'AGELAPHINvft 163

J.— Trag-elaphus scriptus fasciatus.

Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 95, 1900; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;
Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 324, 1908.

Tragelaphus roualeyni fasciatus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iv, p. 123, 1900.

Tragelaphus fasciatus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 545.

Typical locality, Sen Morettu, Webi Valley, Gallaland.

Very similar to roualeyni (infra, p. 176) but no short-
haired neck-collar — the whole neck having the hairs as short
as those of head — and body-hair shorter; general colour
reddish yellow, brighter on hind-quarters, and dusky on
middle of back ; four or five broad distinct tranverse stripes,
a broken longitudinal flank-band, and a few spots on haunches
white. Basal length of skull 8J inches.

94. 2. 27. 7. Skin. Sen Morettu, Webi Valley; col-
lected by Lieut.-Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Type.

Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1894.

94. 2. 27. 5. Skin. Same locality and collector.

Same history.

94. 2. 27. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

K.— Tragelaphus seriptus nigrinotatus.

Tragelaphus nigrinotatus, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1902, p. 97 ; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinotatus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 325, 1908.

Typical locality Barsa Valley, Mateland, north of Lake
Stefanie.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

Described on the evidence of a female, which agrees
approximately in size with the tyical race, but lacks a short-
haired collar on the neck ; general colour reddish fulvous
brown, with numerous white spots on haunches; crown,
forehead, nose, and nape black; a brownish black saddle,
narrowing posteriorly, on back ; a spot below hind angle of
eyes, another at root of ears, the chin, and patches on throat

M 2

164 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATEB

and chest white ; fore-legs with a black line in front, which
is wanting in hind-pair ; white patches at sides of knees
and above hoofs ; tail uniformly fulvous brown above.

12. 2. 10. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
immature. Boran country, southern Abyssinia, 180 miles
north of Marsabit. Presented by Lord Oranworth, 1912.

12. 2. 10. 3. Skull and skin, immature female. Same
locality. Same history.

13. 3. 2. 3-5. Three skulls, with horns, and skins,
immature. Baber Valley, southern Abyssinia.

Presented by L. C. G. Clarke, Esq., 1913.

L.— Tragrelaphus seriptus bor.

Tragelaphus bor, Heuglin, Reise Nor dost- Afrika, vol. ii, p. 122, 1877 ;
Lonnberg, ArTciv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905 ; Matschie,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus seriptus bor, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806;
Lonnberg, ArJciv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905 ; Lydekker,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 324, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big
Game, ed. 6, p. 308, 1910, ed. 7, p. 306, 1914; Roosevelt, African
Game Trails, p. 486, 1910 ; Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

Typical locality Bor, on the White Nile, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Neck fully haired ; dorsal crest black, diffuse ; general
colour pale brownish, with from three to five transverse
white stripes, of which two only are conspicuous ; upper longi-
tudinal band very short or wanting, lower broken up into
spots; white leg-markings well developed. Basal length
of skull 7^ inches (193 mm.). Female bright rufous, with
nape and middle of back fuscous brown, nine or ten stripes,
and imperfect upper and lower longitudinal bands.

0. 11. 7. 16. Skin, female. Eighty miles north-east of
Lado. Presented by Dr. Donaldson Smith, 1900.

2. 9. 2. 2. Skin and loose horns. Wau, Bahr-el-Ghazal.
Presented ~by Capt. A. E. Haynes, 1902.

M.— Tragrelaphus seriptus pictus.

Tragelaphus seriptus pictus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 41, 1914.

Typical locality Dugnia, Lower Shari Valley, Lake Chad
district.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 165

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort -ain-Main.

Allied to T. s. lor, but somewhat brighter coloured, with
more distinct markings. General colour pale reddish brown
(dark cinnamon), lighter on flanks; under-parts blackish
brown ; neck short-haired, buffish, speckled with black ; a
sooty patch on withers ; dorsal crest mingled with white ;
crown and cheeks light brownish ; dark bands on fore-legs
and above hocks conspicuous ; transverse stripes narrow but
fairly distinct ; two longitudinal bands general present, but
tending to disappear with age ; spots on haunches small.
Skull rather large (basal length 8J inches = 215 mm.), with
the auditory bullse much larger than in lor.

7. 7. 8. 233. Skin. Shari Valley, Lake Chad district ;
collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented ly the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

The following Nigerian specimens are probably referable,
respectively, to one or other of this and the two following
races : —

99. 8. 24. 5. Skull and skin. Jebba, Nigeria.

Presented ty Dr. C. Christy, 1899.

5. 5. 10. 11. Skin. Wase, Northern Nigeria.

Presented ty Dr. H. K. W. Kumm, 1905.

6. 2. 12. 3-4. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.
Twelve miles north of Yola, Northern Nigeria.

Presented by W. T. Gower, Esq., 1906.

12. 7. 16. 4. Foetal skin. Nassarawa Province, Nigeria.

Presented ly D. Cator, Esq., 1912.

N.— Tragrelaphus seriptus sig-natus.

Tragelaphus seriptus signatus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,

vol. xiii, p. 42, 1914.
(?) Tragelaphus seriptus punctatus, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. xiii, p. 42, 1914.

Typical locality " Les M'Brous," Tome Valley, near the
Gribinge-Ubangui Watershed, N. W. Africa.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-arn-Main.

Differs from pictus by its inferior size (basal skull-length
(8J inches = 206 mm.), longer coat, and deeper colour, which

166 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

is reddish brown (bistre) above, paler on the flanks, and
brownish black below, with the neck and cheeks lighter
and the crown darker than the back ; dark band on fore-legs
black on inner, but indistinct on outer side ; dorsal crest
with less white than in pictus, and its continuation as a dark
line on neck broader; white spots on haunches fewer but
rather larger. Female typically with more rufous neck,
smaller black markings, and under-parts like flanks.

The so-called T. s. punctatus, founded on a female skin
in the Senckenberg Museum from Duma, Ubangui Valley,
is stated to differ from siynatus, by its shorter coat, larger
spots, and yellowish rusty brown colour above, which
becomes lighter on shoulders, thighs, and legs, and orange-
buff on under-parts ; neck lighter buff, slightly speckled with
blackish, which disappears on crown and cheeks ; no dark
patch on withers ; a white spot below each eye ; dark line on
middle of face narrow, not interrupted on forehead. Its
claim to distinction is more than doubtful.

7. 7. 8. 231. Skin. Ubangui Valley, Northern

Nigeria ; collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Presented ly the Alexander- Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 232. Skull, with horns, and skin. Ubangui
Valley ; collected during the Alexander-Gosling Expedition.

Same history.

0.— Tragelaphus seriptus uellensis.

Tragelaphus seriptus uellensis, Schwarz, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. xiii, p. 43, 1914.

Typical locality Angu, Welle Valley.

Type in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-Main.

General colour rusty brown (tan), vermiculated with
black and with black tips to hairs ; under-parts brownish
black (warm sepia), divided by a dull brownish zone from
rufous of rump; neck pale yellow, heavily speckled with
black ; no dark patch on withers ; crown and forehead
darker than cheeks ; hairs of dark band on fore-legs ringed
with pale yellowish and blackish brown ; dark line on nose
broad, somewhat X-shaped, interrupted on forehead; hind
portion of dorsal crest mingled with white; transverse

TRAGKLAHIIN.K 167

stripes distinct ; longitudinal bands more developed, and
spots on haunches more numerous and rather smaller than
in the so-called pnnctatus.

Appears to bear much the same relation to bor as is
presented by punctatus [= signatus] to pictus (Schwarz).

Xo specimen in the collection can be definitely identified
with this form.

P.— Tragelaphus scriptus cottoni.

Tragelaphus cottoni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 552.

Including : —

Tragelaphus cottoni meridional* s, MatscJiie, op. cit. p. 555, 1912.
Tragelaphus cottoni dodingae, Matschie, op. cit. p. 556, 1912.

Typical locality Farajala, westward of Lado, on the Koda,
a tributary of the Bahr-el-Jebel. The typical locality of
mcridionalis is about 40 miles north of Wadelai, Uganda ;
and that of dodingcc the Kedef Valley, on the western flank
of the Dodinga Kange, east-north-east of Dufile, and
therefore to the east of the White Nile, whereas the other
two forms are from the west of the same. Types in
collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a small short-haired race, with a short-haired
neck-collar, and a black dorsal crest mingled with white
hairs ; general colour brownish ochre, with a greyish
suffusion ; a white longitudinal band broken up into spots,
and, it is stated, nine white transverse stripes,* numerous
white spots on haunches, and a white mark on neck ; under-
parts black, grey in female.

The more southern specimens described as meridionalis
are stated to be rather larger, with certain slight differences
in general colour, and having only three distinct white trans-
verse stripes and a fourth represented by spots, eight to
ten spots on haunches, two spots on the shoulder near the
end of the longitudinal band, and the tail-tip mingled black
and brown instead of wholly black.

The bushbuck described as T. c. dodingce is stated to be

* In the type I could detect only five distinct stripes on one side
and four on the other.

168 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

very similar, both in coloration and size, to typical cottoni,
but with a longer skull (basal length 214 mm., against
205-207 mm.), and the " legs " of the horseshoe-mark on the
fore part of the back shorter. Female apparently smaller
than in typical cottoni.

No specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

Q.— Tragelaphus seriptus loeorinse.

Tragelaphus locorinae, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 564.

Including : —
Tragelaphus locorinse laticeps, Matschie, op. cit. p. 565, 1912.

Typical locality southward of Mount Dodinga, and
northwards of Mount Marangole, north-west Turkana, near
Mount Locorina, south Toposa.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a large form, with a nearly bare collar on neck,
and the dorsal crest black, mingled with a few white hairs ;
general colour bright ochery rufous, very dark on back,
where the hair- tips are black, on chest suffused with grey ;
under-parts black ; chin and a line leading from it to throat-
patch white. A line of seven white spots on sides of body
of female, which is lacking in male ; two white spots on
haunches ; under-parts black. Basal length of skull 232 mm.,
maximum width 107 mm.

T. I. laticeps is based on a skull and skin from the north-
west foot of Mount Debasien, north of Elgon, in the
collection of Major Powell-Cotton. The skin agrees closely
with the typical locorince in colour, but is of smaller size,
and the skull is relatively broader.

ISTo specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

R.— Trag-elaphus seriptus dianae.

Tragelaphus dianse, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,

p. 557.

Tragelaphus dianse simplex, Matschie, op. cit. p. 560, 1912.
Tragelaphus dianse sassae, Matschie, op. cit. p. 561, 1912.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 169

Typical locality Kalakaba, about 40 miles from Mahagi,
at the north end of the Albert Nyanza, below the water-
shed of the Ituri. The typical locality of d. simplex is the
Ituri Valley, near Kifuku and Irumu ; and that of d. sassce
Kasindi, north of the Albert Edward Nyanza, where simplex
is also stated to occur.

Type in the collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

Typically a large, short-haired, and long-tailed race, in
which the total length of the skin is fully 63 inches (160 cm.),
and that of the tail llf to 13 inches (29-33 cm.). Neck
with a short-haired collar ; dorsal crest blackish brown with
a few white hairs, but in immature males largely mingled
in its hind portion with white and ochery brown hairs;
general colour orange-ochre, with a rufous tinge in females
and young males ; middle line of under-parts black, but
orange-ochre in females ; markings variable, being in some
cases indicated only by a few transverse lines of longer
hairs, but in others by from four to nine transverse stripes,
of which some show white spots, and a longitudinal line of
flecks, with a few spots on upper part of thigh. The so-
called d. simplex is stated to differ by its smaller size and
paler colouring, the general tint being more ochery and less
inclined to rufous ; d. sassce is intermediate in size between
the two others, very similar in colour to the first, but greyer,
with a distinct longitudinal line of white flecks, which tend
to unite posteriorly into a band, four or five more or less
distinct transverse white stripes, five large spots on haunches,
and the posterior half of the dorsal crest nearly white.

Some of the following specimens may belong to this form.

63. 7. 7. 5 (649, i). Skull, with horns. Uganda.

Presented ly Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.

63. 7. 7. 5* (649,/). Skull, with horns, and scalp-skin
attached. Same locality. Same history.

6. 12. 4. 121. Skull and skin, immature female.
Euwenzori, north of the Albert Edward Nyanza, and thus
very near the typical locality of sassce.

Presented ly R. B. Woosnam Esq., 1906.

3. 2. 12. 2. Skin (skull in Cambridge Museum). East
shore of Albert Nyanza.

Presented by J. S. Budgett, Esq., 1903.

170 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

8. 2. 14. 9-10. Two skulls, with horns. South Buhuru

Valley, below junction with Buvina, southern Angoniland,

Uganda. Presented by 0. B. 0. Storey, Esq., 1908.

8. 2. 14. 17. Skin. Jacqua, at junction of South

Buhuru Valley, with Karitu, southern Angoniland.

Same history.

5. 4. 3. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Budda, Uganda ;
collected by Mr. W. G. Doggett.

Presented ly Lieut. -Col C. Delme-Radcliffe, 1905.

S.— Tragfelaphus scriptus dama.

Tragelaphus dama, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902,
p. 97 ; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ; Matschie,
Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, pp. 544 and 546.

Tragelaphus scriptus dama, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 324, 1908; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2,
p. 9, 1910 ; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910.

Typical locality Kavirondo, near the north-east shore of
the Victoria Nyanza.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

Described on the evidence of body-skins, which do not
show hairing of neck. Dorsal crest white ; general colour
fulvous brown, darker below than above ; no white transverse
stripes, but numerous white spots on haunches and fore-legs,
and a longitudinal row of same on flanks. Female light
reddish brown, not darker on under-parts.

No specimen in collection referred to this form.

T. — Tragelaphus scrip tus hay wood i.

Tragelaphus haywoodi, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. ii, p. 181,

Abs. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, p. 9; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.

Freunde, 1912, p. 545.
Tragelaphus scriptus haywoodi, Roosevelt, African Game Trails,

p. 486, 1910.
(?) Tragelaphus haywoodi brunneus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat.

Freunde, 1912, p. 549.

Typical locality Nyeri, near upper Guaso-nyiro, north-
west of Kenia, B. E. Africa ; brunneus is from the westward
of Kenia.

Size large, with the neck fully haired, the dorsal crest
black as far as withers, but posteriorly whitish with some

TKAGELAPHIN^E 171

black hairs ; general colour very dark, the nape being black,
the fore-quarters blackish brown, passing into dark reddish
brown on middle of back and with deeper rufous on rump,
and the flanks gradually darkening into the black under-
parts ; three inconspicuous whitish transverse stripes, and
a few white spots on haunches; forehead and crown deep
rusty red ; cheeks tawny ochre ; nose nearly black, with an
incomplete white chevron in front of the eyes, and a pair of
white spots on each side behind and below them.

5. 5. 16. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin (scalp separate).
Nyeri. Type. Presented by C. W. Hay wood, Esq., 1905.

Some of the East African specimens entered under other
headings may be referable to this race.

U.— Trag-elaphus seriptus delamerei.

Tragelaphus delamerei, Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. v,
p. 95, 1900 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 129, 1900 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 806 ; Lonnberg,
Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 545.

Tragelaphus seriptus delamerei, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 324, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 309, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 307, 1914; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi,
no. 13, p. 1, 1913.

Tragelaphus tjaederi, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxvi,
p. 148, 1909 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, pp. 545
and 547.

Tragelaphus seriptus tjaederi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Sayer Valley, KW. of Mount Kenia, near
Gessima, British East Africa.*

Described from an immature female specimen. Neck
with a short-haired collar ; dorsal crest (non-existent in
type) white; general colour dark yellowish brown, passing
into yellowish fawn on shoulders and lower half of hind-
quarters, and becoming paler on under-parts ; no white body-
markings ; head ruddy brown on forehead, with a blackish
band along muzzle, but no white stripe running inwards
from corner of eyes ; white throat and chest bands small,
the former nearly obsolete ; outer and inner sides of fore-legs
yellowish brown, with the front of the shanks to a little

* In original description the locality was given as Somaliland.

172 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

above knees blackish, and the pasterns black except for a
pair of small white spots above hoofs; hind-legs (in type)
similarly coloured, but paler above, with a white patch in
front of hocks.

T. tjcederi, of which the typical locality is Nakuru,
B. E. Africa, only a comparatively short distance west of
Kenia (from which it is separated by the Aberdare Eange),
was described as differing from delamerei by the under-parts
being darker than the back, by the larger throat and chest
bands, and by the presence of a white stripe on front of hind-
shanks and of a white dorsal crest. Most or all of these
points of difference are due to differences of sex or age. The
type is in the U.S. National Museum, Washington.

0. 3. 27. 23. Skull and skin, immature female. Sayer
Valley, KW. of Mount Kenia. Type.

Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1900.

V.— Trag-elaphus scriptus eldomse.

Tragelaphus eldomae, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 550.

Typical locality Eldoma Kavine, Mau Forest, B. E.
Africa.

Type in collection of Major Powell-Cotton at Quex.

A large, stoutly built, and long-haired race, with a nearly
bare collar on neck, and a blackish brown dorsal crest
intermingled with many light brownish grey hairs ; general
colour bistre-brown, darkest on back and lightest on
shoulders, neck, and forehead, with a longitudinal row of
six light spots, and two or three faint ones on the haunches ;
under-parts deep blackish brown. In female only three or
four distinct lateral spots, but from six to eight more or
less denned ones on haunches ; dorsal crest mixed with a few
white hairs. Skull with a very narrow forehead (54 • 5 mm.).

The following specimens represent this or some of the other
B. E. African forms which have received separate names :—

3. 3. 17. 1. Skin. Nandi Forest, B. E. Africa.

Presented ly L. E. Caine, Esq., 1903.

6. 3. 10. 4. Skin. Londiani, B. E. Africa.

Presented ly F. C. Selous, Esq., 1906.

TRAGELAPHIN.E 173

W.—Trag-elaphus seriptus olivaceus.

Tragelaphus seriptus olivaceus, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol.
Ixi, no. 13, p. 1, 1913.

Typical locality Maji-ya-Chumbi, B. E. Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Smaller and lighter-coloured than delamerei ; general
colour greyish olive, without any rufous suffusion ; hair of
neck short throughout ; dorsal crest white ; sides and hind-
quarters with white spots ; legs seal-brown (except where
white); auditory bullse of skull large. Female cinnamon-
coloured, with from six to eight white transverse stripes, a
longitudinal row of white spots, and a few white spots on
the haunches ; crown of head and nose olive-brown, with-
out a white chevron in front of eyes, which is, however,
present in females. The short-haired neck would appear to
be merely a character of full maturity.

The range is stated to extend along "the edge of the
Taru Desert and the moist coast-strip from Kilimanjaro
northward at least as far as the Tana Eiver. It is a
lighter-coloured race than either masaicus or delamerei, and
is readily distinguished by its lack of any rufous coloration
in the male " (Heller).

No specimen in the collection has been identified with
this form.

X. — Tragelaphus seriptus massaicus.

Tragelaphus massaicus, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1902, p. 96 ; Lonnberg, ArJciv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 5, 1905 ;
Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus seriptus masaicus, Lydeklcer, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 324, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 307,
1910, ed. 7, p. 306, 1914 ; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi,
no. 13, p. 2, 1913.

Typical locality Upper Bubu Valley, north-west of
Irangi, German East Africa.

Type in collection of Dr. 0. Neumann.

Resembling multicolor in general type of colouring, but
with the black of the under-parts less sharply defined from
the rufous brown of the sides ; the dorsal crest, four or more

174 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

transverse stripes, and a large number of spots on the
haunches white ; head with much more white, notably a
spot on the nose ; front of fore-legs with a black stripe,
which is wanting in hind-pair. Female bright rufous brown,
not darker below than above, with the white markings more
denned.

79. 11, 12. 20 (649, A). Skull, with horns. Mombasa;
collected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1879.

80. 6. 9. 1. Skin, mounted, female. One hundred miles
inland from Zanzibar ; same collector.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1880.

84. 11. 10. 3. Skin, mounted. Manda Island, Zanzibar.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1884.

The reference of the Nyasa bushbuck to this race is
provisional.

91. 5. 9. 6. Skull, imperfect, with horns, Nyasaland.

Presented ly Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.G.B., 1891.

93. 5. 6. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.
Zomba, Nyasaland; collected by A. Whyte, Esq.

Same donor, 1893.

93. 5. 6. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, young* Same
locality and collector. Same history.

93. 6. 5. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

93. 6. 5. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin, young. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

93. 6. 5. 5. Skull, with horns, and skin. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

93. 7. 9. 28. Skull, with horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

94. 3. 8. 12. Foetal skin. Lake Mweru district ; collected
by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B. Same donor, 1894.

94. 6. 7. 8. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba;
collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Same history.

96. 10. 26. 1-2. Two skulls, with horns, and skins.
Summit of Mount Zomba.

Presented ty Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1896.
99. 6. 29. 10. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Zomba.

Same donor, 1899.

TRAGELAPIIINAS 175

Y.— Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus meruensis, Lonnberg, Sjdstedfs Kilimandja.ro-
Meru-Exped. p. 48, 1908; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde,
1912, p. 544.

Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 16, 1911.

Typical locality Mem Plateau, west of Kilimanjaro,
German East Africa.

Type in Eoyal Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Stockholm.

Allied to masaicus, from which it differs by the absence
of white body-stripes and of a white stripe below eye,
although the two cheek-spots persist. General colour dark
reddish brown, passing into smoky brown on shoulders and
sides of chest ; under-parts smoky brownish grey.

92. 10. 18. 14. Skull, female, probably belonging to this
form (if distinct). Kilimanjaro; collected by Sir F. J.
Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1892.

Z.— Tragrelaphus seriptus ornatus.

Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus, Pococlt, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. v, p. 94, 1900; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 110, 1900; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 807;
Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15, p. 6, 1905 ; Lydekker, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 325, 1908.

Tragelaphus ornatus, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1912,
p. 644.

Typical locality Liiiyanti, in the swamps of the Chobi,
between Lake Ngami and the Zambesi.

Shoulder-height about 28 inches ; neck with a short-
haired collar; dorsal crest white; general colour rich dark
rufous, passing in places into black ; upper longitudinal white
band wanting, about six to eight transverse white stripes,
and a number of spots on haunches ; outer sides of legs
blackish above knees and hocks, reddish below, inner sides
white close up to body ; a broad black band above knees and
hocks ; back and inner sides of knees and fronts and inner
sides of hocks white, whence a white stripe extends along
inner and front edges of shanks to the pasterns, which are

176 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

blackish, with a large white patch in front above hoofs.
Only three transverse stripes in female.

81.4. 20.4. Skin, mounted. Linyanti, Chobi Valley;
collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Type. Purchased, 1881.

81. 4. 20. 5. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

81. 4. 20. 6. Skin, mounted, immature. Same locality
and collector. Same history.

99. 8. 17. 1. Frontlet and horns. Zambesia; reference
provisional. Presented by F. H. Barber, JSsq., 1899.

91. 3. 2. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Lower Zambesi;
collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Purchased (Gerrard), 1891.

Z1. — Tragelaphus seriptus roualeyni.

Antelopus roualeynei, Gordon- Gumming, A Hunter's Life in S.
Africa, vol. ii, pp. 165 and 168, 1850; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 146, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 140, 1852.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus, Peters, Eeise nach Mossambique, Mamm.
p. 183, 1852 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 105 ; KirJc, ibid.
1864, p. 659 ; Johnston, ibid. 1885, p. 218 ; Crawshay, ibid. 1890,
p. 655 ; Jackson, ibid. 1897, p. 456 ; nee Sparrman.

Tragelaphus roualeynei, Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 175, 1869 ; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881, p. 753,
A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 209, 1881 ; Matschie,
Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 138, 1895, Werther's Die mittl.
Hochldnd. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 257, pi. 1898, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Frcunde, 1912, p. 544 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 123, pi. xc, fig. 1, 1900; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1900, p. 562 ; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii, no. 15,
p. 5, 1905.

Tragelaphus seriptus roualeyni, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 389, 1893, p. 504, 1896, p. 798 ; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
1892, p. 471 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, pp. 507 and 728 ;
Eendall, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 211, 1898 ; W. L. Sclater, Fauna
S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i, p. 231, 1900 ; Lydekker, Game Animals
of Africa, p. 325, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 306, 1910, ed. 7, p. 304, 1914 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 930.

Tragelaphus sylvaticus roualeyni, Jackson, Big Game Shooting
(Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 306, 1894, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 481, 1899.

Tragelaphus roualeyni typicus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Ante-
lopes, vol. iv, p. 123, 1900.

Typical locality Bakarikari (Makarikari), near the sources
of the Limpopo.

Nearly allied to the under-mentioned southern race

TRAGELAPHIN^5 177

(sylvatieus), but with rather more pronounced white markings
in immature individuals ; these almost or completely dis-
appearing in adults, of which the general colour is nearly
black or brownish grey. Females (like immature males)
redder, usually with faintly marked stripes and spots.

How far north this race extends is not yet ascertained.

52. 9. 22. 2. Skull, with horns. Limpopo Valley. May
be regarded as the type ; figured in The Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, figs. 100 and 101, pp. 126 and 127.

Presented by Eoualeyn Gordon-Gumming, Esq., 1852.

Z2.— Trag-elaphus scriptus sylvatieus.

Antilope sylvatica, Sparrman, Act. Holm. 1780, p. 197, pi. vii, Reise
Cap. p. 517, pi. iii, 1784, English Transl. (Voyage to Cape of
Good Hope, etc.) vol. i, p. 270, vol. ii, p. 220, pi. vi, 1786, French
Transl. vol. i, p. 293, pi. iii; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclvii,
B., 1784; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 141, 1785; Gmelin,
Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim.
Kingdom, p. 318, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrage, p. 643, 1792 ;
Link, Beytrage Naturgeschichte, vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 348, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 115, 1802; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 246, 1804;
Thunberg, Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. vol. iii, p. 315, 1811 ;
Lichtenstein, Reise, vol. i, p. 647, 1811 ; G. Fischer, Zoognosia,
vol. iii, p. 441, 1914 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii,
p. 220, 1815 ; Burchell, List Quadr. presented to Brit. Mus. p. 7,
1817; Goldfuss, Schreber' s Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1209, 1818;
Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396, 1821, Synop. Mamm.
vol. ii, p. 428, 1845, Hon. Antilop. p. 27, pi. xxix, 1848;
Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822;
H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 275, vol. v,
p. 350, 1827 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 472, 1829 ;
Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 87, 1832 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1836, p. 38, Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 364, 1868 ; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838; Huet, Bull. Soc.
Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 480, 1887.

Antilope (Gazella) sylvatica, Lichtenstein, Mag. Nat. Freunde, vol. vi,
p. 173, 1814.

Oeinas sylvatica, OJcen, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 738, 1816.

Tragelaphus sylvatieus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75 ;
Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. ii, p. 197, 1816 ; Harris,
Wild Anim. S. Africa, pp. 144 and 149, pi. xxvi, 1840 ; Gervais,
Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl.
Regne Anim., Mamm. p. 181, 1842 ; Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 165, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. pp. 59, 60, and 146, 1847,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 145, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 28, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 139, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit.
Mus. p. 50, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 120, 1873,

III. N

178 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Sundevall, E. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846;
Wagner, Schreber's' Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 441, vol. v,
p. 443, 1855 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246,
1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. If. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 174,
1869 ; Drummond, Large Game S. Africa, p. 425, 1875 ; Brooke,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 884 ; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 752, A Hunter's
Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 208, 1881 ; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 260, 1884 ; Bryden, Kloof
and Karroo, p. 300, 1889 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus.
(op. cit. vol. xi) p. 173, 1892 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind.
Mus. pt. ii, p. 154, 1891 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of
Mammals, p. 347, 1891 ; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in
S. Africa, p. 37, 1892 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 152, 1892 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 1893 ; Kendall, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1895, p. 359; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. ser. 7,
vol. iv, pp. 81 and 83, 1897 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 117, pi. xc, fig. 2, 1900 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1902, p. 93 ; Lonnberg, Arkiv Zool. vol. ii,
no. 15, pp. 5 and 7, 1905 ; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool.
Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 85, 1907; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges.
nat. Freunde, 1912, p. 544 ; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv,
p. 106, 1913.

Antilope (Tragelaphus) sylvatica, Desmarest, Mammalogie, p. 469,
1822 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 383, 1827, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x,
p. 296, 1836 ; A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 218,
1834; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 78, 1845; Giebel,
Sdugethiere, p. 309, 1853-55.

Calliope sylvatica, Ruppell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii,
pt. 2, p. 182, 1845.

Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891,
p. 389 ; Kirby, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 484, 1899 ;
W. L. Sclater, Fauna of S. Africa, Mamm. vol. 1, p. 230, 1900;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 398, 1908 ; Ward, Records
of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 306, 1916, ed. 7, p. 304, 1914.

BOSCHBOK, or BUSHBUCK.

Typical locality Groot Vadersbosch district, Cape Colony.

Size approximately as in typical race ; neck with a short-
haired collar ; dorsal crest white. General colour deep
blackish brown, without longitudinal bands or transverse
stripes, but with a few small white spots on the haunches,
and one or two on the shoulders. Subadult males almost
greyish brown on back and reddish brown on rump and
flanks, with about nine white spots on haunches, and the
lower longitudinal band represented by a line of spots.
Females light reddish brown, marked much as in immature
males.

7, e. Skull, with horns, and skin. Cape of Good Hope ;
collected by Dr. A. Krauss. Purchased.

THAGELAPHIN^: 179

7, c. Skin, mounted, female. Same locality and collector.

Same history.

7, d (649, m). Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Same locality and collector. Same history.

7, a. 7, b. Skin and horns, and horns on part of skull.
South Africa. Presented ly Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

48. 7. 11. 3 (649, d). Horns. Orange Elver district.

Purchased (Argent), 1848.

48. 7. 11. 1-2 (649, 1 and c). Two pairs of horns. Same

locality. Same history.

5L 5. 5. 8-9 (649, e and/). Two skulls, female. Same

locality. Same history.

51. 5. 5. 10 (649,0). Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.
51. 8. 26. 11. Skin, immature. Cape Colony.

Presented ~by Mrs. T. Baines, 1851.

89. 2. 4. 3. Frontlet, with horns. Victoria district,

Natal. Presented ly Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

94. 11. 4. 5. Skull, immature female. Barberton,

De Kaap, Transvaal. Presented ly Dr. P. Rendall, 1894.

96. 12. 5. 1. Frontlet, with horns, and skin. Black

Umvolosi Valley, Swaziland.

Presented ly W. R. BowTcer, Esq., 1896.

4. 8. 51. 9. Skull and skin, female. Sibudeni, Zululand ;
collected by Mr. C. H. B. Grant.

Presented ly C. D. Rudd, Esq., 1904.

5. 5. 7. 111. Skull and skin, immature female. Knysna,
Cape Colony ; same collector. Same donor, 1905.

8. 1. 1. 128. Skull and skin, female. Tambarara,
Gorongoza, P. E. A. ; same collector. Same donor, 1908.

8. 1. 1. 140. Skull and skin (scalp separate), female.
Same locality and collector. Same history.

8. 1. 1. 146. Skull, imperfect, and skin, female. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

II. TRAGELAPHUS ANGASI.

Tragelaphus angasi, Angas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 89, pis. iv and
v ; Gray, ibid. 1850, p. 144, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, 1850,
Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 138, 1852 ; Proudfoot, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1856, p. 199 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 246,
1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien,\o\. lix, pt. l,p. 174,

N 2

180 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1869 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485, 1878, p. 884 ; Buck-
ley, ibid. 1876, p. 285 ; Thomas, ibid. 1891, p. 387, 1896, p. 798,
1897, p. 939 ; Flower and LydeJcTcer, Study of Mammals, p. 347,
1891 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 98, 1893, p. 799 ; LydeJcker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 352, 1893, Game Animals of Africa, p. 331,
1908 ; Kendall, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 359, Novit. Zool. vol. v,
p. 212, 1898 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv,
p. 81, 1897 ; Selous, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 455,
1899 ; Sclater and Thomas, BooJc of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 137,
pi. xcii, 1900; Pococlc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 930; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 310, 1910, ed. 7, p. 308, 1914 ;
Letcher, Great Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 186, 1911.

Strepsiceros angasi, Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 171 ; Roberts,
Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Euryceros angasi, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 119, 1873.

Nyala angasi, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 8, p. 16,
1912.

NYALA, or INYALA.

Type of Nyala.

Typical locality St. Lucia Bay, Zululand.

Size medium, .shoulder-height about 42 inches ; nuchal
and dorsal crest much longer than in preceding species, a
profuse fringe of hair on throat and under-parts, and tail
more bushy and longer; horns forming rather more than
one complete turn; no white throat-band. General colour
slaty grey, with a tinge of yellowish rufous ; forehead rufous
and orbital region fawn ; upper lip and chin, two spots on
cheek below each eye, an imperfect suborbital chevron, base
of backs of ears, a chest-band, about fourteen more or less
distinct transverse stripes on body, and a few spots low
down on haunches, as well as a considerable proportion of
the hairs in the dorsal crest, and the whole under surface of
the tail, white; legs from just above knees and hocks to
hoofs bright tan, with a patch on inner side of upper part of
front pair, the inner sides of the knees, and the backs of the
front-shanks, as well as the inner sides of the thighs and
hocks, white ; back of pasterns black ; a pair of white spots
on front of pasterns above hoofs.

Female bright chestnut, with a dark face-blaze, a whitish
chevron, and about eleven transverse stripes and a few
haunch-spots white; dorsal stripe black, intersected with
white where crossed by transverse stripes ; no long mane
or fringes.

TRAGELAPHIN^E

181

Skull with small orbits, facial portion of lachrymals long
and narrow, lachrymal vacuities small, nasal processes of

FIG. 25.— SKULL AND HORNS OF NYALA (Tragelaphus angasi).
From a photograph lent hy Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

inaxillse broad at tip, and nasals notched on outer side of
free extremity.

The range includes south-eastern Africa, from Zululand
to Nyasaland.

1170, c. Single horn. Locality unknown. No history.

50. 8. 30. 1 (1170, I). Skull, with horns. Sixty miles
up Maposta Valley, Amatongaland ; collected by Mr. Proud-
foot. Purchased, 1850.

182 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

50. 8. 30. 2. Skin, young female. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

58. 4. 4. 1. Skull, with horns, and frontlet and horns.
Pongola Valley, Zululand. Purchased (Eastwood), 1858.

58. 4. 4. 2. Skull, female. Same locality. Same history.

71. 9. 1. 1. Skin, mounted. St. Lucia Bay, Zululand.
Topo-type. Presented ly E. S. Felloices, Esq., 1871.

71. 9. 1. 1. Skin, female, mounted. Same locality.

Same history.

92. 2. 6. 7. Skin. Moanza Valley, Shire Highlands,
Nyasaland.

Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.CM.G., £#,'1892.

93. 6. 5. 2. Skin, female. Zomba, Nyasaland ; collected
by A. Whyte, Esq.

Presented ly Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

93. 7. 25. 9. Skull, with horns, immature. Lake Mweru
district, N. E. Ehodesia ; collected by E. Crawshay, Esq.

Same history.

95. 7. 6. 1. Frontlet and horns and skin. Manbana,
Nyasaland. Presented ly Capt. G. Oliver, R.N., 1895.

95. 7. 6. 2. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

96. 11. 28. 9. Skin, mounted, and skull. British
Amatongaland. Presented ly F. C. Selous, Esq., 1896.

96. 11. 28. 10. Skin, mounted, and skull, female. Same
locality. Same history.

2. 2. 8. 4. Skull, young. Pengola Valley, Zululand.

Presented ly Surg.-Gen. Sir David Bruce, C.B., 1902.
8. 3. 17. 3. Frontlet and horns (fig. 25). Zululand.
Length of horns 31J inches, girth 8J, tip-to-tip interval
12| inches. The "record" horns in Ward's 1910 list.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1908.

III. TEAGELAPHUS BUXTONI.

Strepsiceros, or Tragelaphus, buxtoni, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxiv,
p. 397, 1910.

Tragelaphus buxtoni, LydeJcJcer, Field, vol. cxxi, p. 798, 1910, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 348, pi. xvi, Game Animals of Africa, Suppl.
p. 17, 1911 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 312, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 310, 1914.

TRAGELAPHIN^E

183

MOUNTAIN NYALA.

Typical locality Sahatu Mountains (9000 ft.), westward
of the Arusi Plateau, Gallaland.

Size larger than in any other member of the genus, the
shoulder-height being about 52 inches ; coat rather long and
coarse, with an incipient fringe on throat ; general colour
brownish fawn or brownish grey passing into dull tan in

FIG. 26. — MOUNTAIN NYALA. (Tragelaphus buxtoni).

the region of the eyes, and becoming darker on nose and
chocolate-brown on forehead above chevron ; a short dark
brown mane on neck, continued backwards as a brown and
white dorsal crest; tail bushy, white beneath ; ears moderately
wide and tubular with white hairs on margins; chevron
between and below eyes, a pair of spots on sides of face and
another above neck, upper lip and chin, a gorget on throat
and another on chest, a curved longitudinal band of nine
spots on upper part of sides and in some cases an indistinct

184 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

transverse stripe on hind-quarters, a spot on upper part of
thighs, inner surface of upper portion of fore-legs and of
thighs, a patch on fore-legs below knees, extending on to
outer and inner sides of limbs, but not reaching pasterns, a
somewhat similar area on hind-legs, extending slightly above

FIG. 27. — SKULL AND HORNS OF MOUNTAIN NYALA (Tragelaphus buxtoni).
From a photograph lent by Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd.

hocks, and a pair of oval spots on pasterns above hoofs
white ; under-parts rather lighter than back. Horns nyala-
like, but heavier, obliquely ridged at bases, divergent, with
an open spiral, forming about one complete turn and a
quarter, with smooth yellow-tipped terminal portion. In
the type the horns measure 37 inches in length and 9J in

TRAGELAPHIN^l 185

basal girth, with a tip-to- tip interval of 21 inches, but in an
older specimen the corresponding dimensions are respectively
39, 9|, and 22 inches.

10. 11. 29. 1. Skin, subadult, mounted. Sahatu Moun-
tains, Arusi Gallaland. Type (fig. 26).

Presented ~by Ivor Buxton, Esq., 1910.
12. 12. 2. 1. Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1912.
14. 5. 7. 1. Two body-skins. Same locality.

Presented try Messrs. Rowland Ward, Ltd., 1914.

2. SUBGENUS LIMNOTRAGUS.

Hydrotragus, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 49, 1872, nee

Fitzinger, 1866.
Limnotragus, Sclater and Thomas* Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,

pp. 90 and 108, 1900; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 930;

Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 8, p. 16, 1912.

Hoofs elongated, backs of pasterns bare.

The range includes the Congo Valley and the neighbour-
hood of the great lakes of southern and eastern Africa,
extending northwards to Tanganyika and the Bahr-el-Ghazal,
and southwards to the Chobi and Zambesi.

IV. TEAGELAPHUS (LIMNOTEAGUS) SPEKET.

Tragelaphus spekei, Sclater, in Speke's Journal of Discovery, p. 223,
1863, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, pi. xii, 1880, p. 452, 1883,
p. 34 ; Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869 ; Peters, Mitt. Ak.
Berlin, 1876, p. 484 ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485, 1878,
p. 884; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 83, 1887;
Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388 ; Flower and Lydekker,
Study of Mammals, p. 347, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
p. 155, 1892 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893 ; Jackson,
Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 311, 1894;
Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 135, 1895 ; Pou-
sargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 78, 1897 ; Roth-
schild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898 ; Gedge, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 476, 1899 ; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia,
p. 203, 1911 ; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Eurycenis (Hydrotragus) spekii, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 49, 1872.

* In this portion of the work the place of Mr. Thomas was taken
by Mr. Pocock.

186 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Eurycerus spekii, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 119, 1873.
Limnotragus spekii, Sclater and Thomas, Boole of Antelopes, vol. iv,

p. 151, pi. xciii, 1900; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486,

1910.
Tragelaphus speekei, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1905,

p. 90.
Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spekei, Lydeklcer, Great and Small Game

of Africa, p. 335, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 313, 1910, ed. 7, p. 312, 1914; Matschie, Beroff. Inst.

JagdJcunde, vol. ii, p. 179, 1913.

Typical locality Victoria Nyanza; the range is co-
extensive with that of the genus.

Size medium ; shoulder-height from about 32 to 42 inches.
Male with a heavy fringe on throat and under-parts, a long,
coarse coat, and horns (fig. 28) of the short, open-spiralled
type of T. angasi, but frequently developing more than two
complete turns of a spiral; general colour varying from
greyish brown to rich nearly chocolate brown, with a gorget
on throat and another on chest, and face and limb markings
generally similar to those of T. angasi ; sexes unlike or like
in colour.

The skull has the small orbits and narrow lachrymals of
T. angasi.

The four local races are distinguishable as follows : —

A. Sexes unlike in colour.

a. Size smaller T. s. spekei.

b. Size larger.

a'. Frontal chevron small T. s. grains.

b'. Frontal chevron large T.s.albonotatus.

B. Sexes alike in colour, size larger T. s. selousi.

A. — Tragelaphus spekei spekei.

Tragelaphus spekei spekei, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206,

1898.
Tragelaphus spekei typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 314, 1910, ed. 7, p. 313, 1914.
(?) Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spekei ugallae, Matschie, Beroff. Inst.

JagdJcunde, vol. ii, p. 179, 1913.

Typical locality the Victoria Nyanza ; the range extending
nearly to the Zambesi.

Size small, shoulder-height about 36 inches; sexes
dissimilar in colour. General colour nearly uniform

TRAGELAPHIN.E 187

greyish brown, becoming greyer on sides of neck ; a
dark line running from nape of neck to withers, replaced
posteriorly by a white dorsal stripe ; a few pale spots on
lower part of hind-quarters, and a faint band of same on
flanks, with, in some cases, traces of vertical stripes ; legs
deeper coloured than body, inner sides of knees and fore-
shanks and fronts of hocks paler ; hoof-spots scarcely visible.
Good horns range from about 32 to 35 J inches in length
along the curve, with a basal girth of from 7J to 8|, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 7J to 26 inches.

T. s. ugallce, from Ugalla, German East Africa, is stated
to differ by its more bent horns.

63. 7. 7. 2. Skin, young, mounted. Karagwe, Victoria

Nyanza. Presented ~by Capt. J. H. Speke, 1863.

63. 7. 7. 3. Skull, young. Same locality. Same history.

63. 7. 7. 4. Frontlet and horns. Same locality. Type.

Same history.

94. 3. 14. 1. Skin. Uganda ; collected by E. Gedge, Esq.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1894.

0. 10. 3. 4-5. Two skulls, female. Left bank of Linyanti

Valley, B. E. Africa. Presented by P. C. Eeid, Esq., 1900.

0. 10. 3. 6. Skull, with horns, young. Same locality.

Same history.

5. 4. 3. 6. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Kaguiga Island, Uganda.

Presented by Lieut. -Col. C. Delme-Radcli/e, 1905.
5. 4. 3. 7. Skull and skin, female. Same locality.

Same history.

5. 4. 3. 8. Skull and skin, immature female, Mesogi
Island, Kagera Eiver, Buddu. Same history.

5. 4. 3. 9. Skin, immature. Mouth of Kagera Valley.

Same history.
5. 4. 3. 10-11. Two skins. South-west Ankoli.

Same history.
5. 4. 3. 12. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.

Same history.
13. 3. 1. 7. Skin. Same locality.

Presented by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B., 1913.
13. 3. 1. 8. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.

188 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B. — Tragelaphus spekei gratus.

Tragelaphus gratus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 452, pi. xliv,
1883, p. 34, 1889, p. 220 ; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv,
p. 275, 1887; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 387; Flower
and LydelcJcer, Study of Mammals, p. 347, 1891 ; LydeJcJcer,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893 ; 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.
Freunde, 1905, p. 90.

Tragelaphus spekei gratus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206,
1898 ; LydekJcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 236, 1908 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 316, 1910, ed. 7, p. 315, 1914.

Limnotragus gratus, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 165, pi. xcv, 1900; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool.
Pub. Field Mus. vol. vih) p. 87, 1907 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1910, p. 930.

NAKONG.

Typical locality Gabun.

Larger than typical race (shoulder-height about 40 inches),
with the coat shorter ; general colour rich, nearly chocolate,
brown, becoming blackish on front of face, under-parts, and
limbs, and marked with a lateral band of indistinct white
spots, five or six more or less defined whitish transverse body-
stripes, with numerous white or whitish spots, dorsal streak,
and a few spots on haunches white ; white patches on fore-
legs behind and below knees and on hind-legs in front
of and below hocks, and large white spots on front of
pasterns above hoofs in both pairs. Female smaller, rich
chestnut red, darker above than below, and marked like
male, with the exception that the dorsal line is black, and
that there are no white spots on front of pasterns above
hoofs.

The range extends on the West Coast from the Cameruns
to the Congo.

48. 11. 20. 14. Pair of horns. Kokki, Cameruns.
Noticed in Proc. Zool. Soc. June 13, 1848, without definite
name. Presented ly Capt. W. Allen, R.N., 1848.

52. 2. 26. 30. Two single horns. Gabun.

Purchased (Parzudaki), 1852.

65. 5. 9. 20. Skin and horns. Gabun; collected by
Monsieur P. B. du Chaillu. Purchased, 1865.

82. 7. 24. 11. Head, mounted, body-skin, and skull.
Gabun. Purchased (Gerrard), 1882.

TRAGELAPHIN^l 189

83. 4. 28. 1. Skin, female. Gabun. Type.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Mater, 1883.
8. 4. 24. 4. Two miles east of Benguella.

Presented by Dr. C. H. Wellman, 1908.

C. — Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus.

Tragelaphus gratus albonotatus, 0. Neumann, Sitzber. Ges. nat.

Freunde, 1905, p. 90.
Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,

p. 337, 1908.

Typical locality unknown ; possibly either Upper Guinea
or Angola.

Type formerly living in Berlin Zoological Gardens.

Stated to differ from gratus by the longer and wider
frontal chevron, which extends upwards to the horns, the
broader and more distinct white lines on the sides of the
nose, between which and the white spot below the outer
angles of the eyes is a broad yellow band bordering the
eyelids, the white ear-tips, the paler limbs, and the larger
amount of white above the hoofs and on the hind-legs and
thighs.

No specimen in collection.

D.— Trag-elaphus spekei selousi.

Tragelaphus spekei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 103, pi. xii,
1890, p. 590, pi. xlvii ; Kirk, ibid. 1864, p. 657 ; Brooke, ibid.
1871, p. 485 ; Selous, ibid. 1881, p. 753, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 470, 1899, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 388 ; Nicholls
and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa, p. 40, 1892.

Tragelaphus selousi, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898 ;
Rendall, ibid. p. 215 ; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 937, 1900.

Limnotragus selousi, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 157, pi. xciv, 1900.

Tragelaphus spekei selousi, Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 357, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 314, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 312, 1914.

Limnotragus gratus selousi, Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931.

SlTUTUNGA, Or SlTATDNGA.

Typical locality Zambesi Valley.

Type, none mentioned in original description.

Size approximately as in gratus (42 inches at shoulder) ;

190

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

general colour bright greyish brown, with a chevron on nose,
a patch below each eye, another on throat, base of ears, lower
lip and chin, and inside of knees white ; females rather
darker with little or no white on face and throat. The

FIG. 28. — HEAD OF ZAMBESI SITUTUNGA (Tragelaphus [Limnotragus]
spekei selousi).

longest recorded horns (Lake Mweru) measure 35|- inches on
curve.

The range includes all that part of the range of the
species lying to the south of the Zambesi Valley.

56. 10. 7. 1 (1990, d). Frontlet and horns, young. Lake
Ngami. Presented ly J. A. Green, Esq., 1856.

TKAGELAPHINjE 191

56. 10. 7. 1* (1990, e). Frontlet and horns. Same
locality. Same history.

60. 2. 11. 14. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zambesi
Valley ; collected by J. Chapman, Esq.

Purchased (Verreaux), 1860.

81. 10. 28. 8. Horns and feet. Chobi Valley.

Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1881.

81. 10. 28. 9. Horns. Same locality. Same history.

93. 7. 25. 10. Frontlet and horns. Lake Mweru, N. W.
Ehodesia ; collected by E. Crawshay, Esq.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

4. 9. 25. 2. Skin, female. Barotsiland.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1904.

5. 2. 13. 1. Skull and skill, female. Lake Ngami.
Co-type. Presented by the Zoological Society, 1905.

6. 8. 3. 2-3. Two frontlets and horns. South Africa.

Presented by J. Kenny, Esq., 1906.

7.7.12.1. Skin, mounted, immature (fig. 28). Zambesia.
Presented by Lieut -Got. J. Hannington, 1907.
8. 5. 10. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin (head-skin
separate). Isapa Swamp, south end of Lake Tanganyika.

Presented by R. L. Harper, Esq., 1908.

10. 7. 15. 1. Skull and skin, female. Okovango Marshes.

Presented by H. Hannay, Esq., 1910.

13. 11. 27. 2. Skull, with horns, immature and imperfect,

and skin. Lungo Valley, Lake Mweru district, N. W.

Ehodesia. Presented by 0. E. Wynne, Esq., 1913.

13. 11. 27. 3. Skull and skin, female. Same locality.

Same history.

II. Genus STREPSICEROS.

Strepsiceros, H. Smith., Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 365,

1827 ; itiltimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 73, 1878 ;

Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 171, 1900 ;

PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931.
Calliope, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138.
Ammelaphus, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 8, p. 15,

1912.

Closely allied to Tragelaphus, but the hind surface of the
bases of the horns, with a scarcely appreciable external keel,

192 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

and the horn-spiral typically more open and forming at least
two-and-a-half complete turns. Sexes nearly alike in colora-
tion ; tail thickly haired, as in most species of Tragelaphus.

The range includes eastern and southern Africa from
Abyssinia and Somaliland to Cape Colony, and thence along
the western side of the continent as far north as the Congo.

The two existing species are distinguishable as follows : — •

A. Size very large; horns with a very open spiral;

throat tufted in male S. strepsiceros.

B. Size relatively small ; horns with a closer spiral ;

throat smooth ., S. imberbis.

I. STEPSICEROS IMBEEBIS.

Strepsiceros imberbis, Blyth, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 55 ; Sclater,
ibid. 1878, p. 441, 1884, pp. 45 and 439, pi. iv, 1892, pp. 102 and
118 ; Phillips, ibid. 1885, p. 931 ; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim.
ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 76, 1887 ; Hunter, Willoughby's Great Game of
East Africa, p. 288, 1889 ; Jentink, Notes Leyden Mus. vol. xii,
p. 211, 1890, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi)
p. 172, 1892 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 348,
1891 ; Inverarity, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi,
p. 465, pi. 1891, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 451,
1899; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, p. 163, 1892, ed. 6,
p. 323, 1910, ed. 7, p. 321, 1914 ; Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1892, p. 302; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 252, 1893,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 349, 1908 ; Jackson, Big Game
Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 304, 1894, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1897, p. 454 ; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika,
p. 137, 1895, Werther's Die mittl. Hochldnd. Deutsch-Ost-
afrika, p. 255, 1898; Elliot, Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. i,
p. 134, 1897, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (op. cit. vol. viii) p. 88,
1907 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81,
1897; de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 768; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 185, pi. xcvii, 1900 ;
Rothschild, Powell-Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia,
p. 477, 1902; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 575, 1904;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 141 ; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somali, p. 95, 1910.

Strepsiceros tendal, Gray, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 118,
1873, nee Cretzschmar.

Ammelaphus imberbis, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ix, no. 8,
p. 15, 1912, vol. Ixi, no. 13, p. 2, 1913.

LESSER KUDU.

Type of Ammelaphus.

Typical locality Somaliland.

Size relatively small, shoulder-height about 40 inches ;

TRAGELAPHIN^E 193

horns (fig. 29) forming a narrow close spiral, with distinct
rings ; no throat-fringe, but a white gorget on throat and
another on chest; general deep yellowish grey, "becoming
blackish on muzzle, cheeks, under surface of lower jaw, and
under-parts ; upper lip and chin, one or two spots on cheeks,

FIG. 29. — SKULL AND HORNS (A) AND FRONTLET AND HORNS (B) OF
LESSER KUDU (Slrepsiceros imberbis).

and a chevron on nose white ; ears whitish at base and on
front of margins ; a black nuchal stripe from occiput to
withers, continued as a white one to root of tail ; body
marked with from eleven to fourteen transverse white stripes,
the first crossing shoulders, and the last, which is very short,
close to tail, the tail itself being black at tip and white
beneath ; fore-legs grey superiorly, but rich fawn from above
in. o

194 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

knees to hoofs, with a large patch on inner side of upper part
and another behind the knees white, and a black patch on
inner surface above knees ; shanks and pasterns black behind,
the latter with or without a pair of white spots above hoofs
in front ; fronts of thighs and inner sides of hind-legs white,
rest of hind-legs bright fawn, except for a white patch on
front of pasterns and another on inner side of same. Nape
of neck and withers with a scanty but longish mane,
continued posteriorly as a dorsal crest ; hair on sides of neck
and throat shorter than elsewhere (as in TragelapTius scriptus).
Female smaller without mane, and with white markings on
head and throat less pronounced, the head more uniformly
fawn, and the body rich rufous fawn, faintly tinged with
grey. Basal length of skull llf inches, maximum width 4J,
length from muzzle to orbit 6 j inches. Fine horns measure
from 30 to 35 J inches in length along the curve, with a basal
girth of from 5f to 7J, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 9 J to
15| inches.

The skull is characterised by the broad and rectangular
lachrymal vacuities, elongated premaxillse, long nasal processes
of lachrymal, the length of the maxillary border of the jugal,
which has a broad rectangular notch below the orbit, the
small supraorbital pits, the small rnasseter knob on the sides
of the maxillae; elongated anterior palatine foramina; and
the slight boss in the profile at root of nasals.

Heller remarks that as regards coloration and skull-
characters this species is as nearly related to the bushbuck as
it is to the kudu, for which reason he refers it to a separate
genus. In the opinion of the writer, it would be preferable
to include both this and the next species in Tragelaphus.

The range extends from Somaliland and Abyssinia to
B. E. Africa.

A.— Strepsieeros imberbis imberbis.

Typical locality Somaliland.

General colour relatively pale," a white spot on front of
fore-pasterns, horns proportionately long.

61. 2. 30. 10. Skin, mounted. Somaliland. Type.

Transferred from India Museum, 1861.

TRAGELAPHIN^l 195

74. 4. 20. 4. Skin, immature. Southern Somaliland ; col-
lected by Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. Purchased, 1874.

74. 4. 28. 8. Pair of horns. Juba Valley; same
collector. Same history.

79. 11. 12. 14. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Purchased, 1879.

79. 11. 12. 15. Skull and horns. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

84. 11. 25. 1. Skin, mounted, immature. Somaliland.
Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1884.

86. 1. 25. 2-3. Two skins. High plateau south of
Berbera ; collected by Herr J. Menges. Same donor, 1886.

92. 2. 5. 6, Skin. Near Berbera; collected by Lieut. -
Col. H. G. C. Swayne. Same donor, 1892.

93. 6. 30. 2. Skull, with horns. Shebeli Valley, Somali-
land. Presented ly Gen. Sir A. H. Paget, G.C.B., 1893.

93. 6. 30. 9. Skin, female. Same locality. Same history.
93. 12. 1. 4. Skull, with horns, and skin. Central
Somaliland ; collected by Lieut.-Col. Swayne.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1893.
98. 6. 9. 18. Skin, mounted. Somaliland.

Presented ly R. Me. D. Hawker, Esq., 1898.
98. 6. 9. 19. Skull, with horns, immature. Somaliland.

Same history.

6. 11. 1. 68. Skin, female. Lake Zuay (Zwei). N. E.
Africa ; collected by Mr. P. Zaphiro.

Presented ly W. N. McMillan, Esq., 1906.
12. 12. 2. 4. Skin. Arusi-Gallaland.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1912.
12. 12. 26. 2. Skin. Gadabursi, Somaliland.

Presented ly F. R. Roberts, Esq., 1912.

B.— Strepsiceros imberbis australis.

Ammelaphus imberbis australis, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. Ixi, no. 13, p. 2, 1913.

Typical locality Longaya watering-place, Marsabit district,
British East Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.
Stated to differ from typical race by darker general colour

0 2

196 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

(bright ochery tawny), absence of white spot on front of
fore-pasterns, and shorter horns,

97. 6. 21. 1. Skin, mounted, female. East Africa;
collected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B. Faint traces
of spots on front pasterns are noticeable.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1897.

1. 4. 3. 4. Skull, with horns, young. German East
Africa. Presented ly J. Eowland Ward, Esq., 1901.

II. STEEPSICEROS STREPSICEEOS.

Antilope strepsiceros, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spicil, Zool.
fasc. i, p. 17, 1767, xii, pp. 19 and 69, 1777 ; Erxleben, Syst.
Regn. Anim. p. 282, 1777 ; Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr.
p. 542, 1777, Geogr. Geschich. vol. ii, p. 115, 1780; Gatterer,
Brev.Zool.pt.i, p. 81, 1780; Schreber, Saugthiere, pi. cclxvii,
1784 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 142, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s
Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 192, 1788 ; Pennant, Quadrupeds, vol. i,
p. 77, 1781, p. 88, pi. xiv, 1793 ; Kerr, Linn's Anim. King-
dom, p. 319, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beitrdge, vol. i, p. 643,
1792 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. vol. ii, p. 99, 1795 ; Cuvier,
Tall. Elem. Hist. Nat. p. 164, 1798, Eegne Anim. vol. i, p. 263,
1817, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 246, 1804 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii,
pt. 2, p. 334, fig. 185, 1801; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat.
vol. i, p. 116, 1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. vi,
p. 129, 1803 ; Tiedemann, Zool. vol. i, p. 410, 1808 ; Thunberg,
Mem. Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. vol. iii, p. 317, 1811; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 439, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc.
Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Burchell, List Quadrupeds pre-
sented to Brit. Mus. p. 7, 1817, Travels in S. Africa, vol. i,
pp. 337 and 374, 1822 ; Goldfuss, Schreber's Saugthiere, vol. v,
p. 1207, 1818 ; Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396,
1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 430, 1845, Mon. Antilop. p. 28,
pi. xxxi, 1848 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447,
1822; /. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829; Biippell,
Neue Wirbelth. Abyssin. p. 26, 1835-40; Lesson, Hist. Nat.
Mamm. vol. x, p. 303, 1836 ; Masson, Cuvier's Regne Anim.
vol. i, p. 317, 1836 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat.
Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 634, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus. Zool.
Soc. p. 42, 1838 ; Forster, Descrip. Anim. pp. 36 and 377, 1844 ;
Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 145, 1845 ; Drummond,
Large Game S. Africa, p. 425, 1875.

Ovis strepsiceros, Muller, Linn.'s Natursyst. vol, i, p. 429, pi. xxvi,
figs. 1 and 2, 1773 ; nee Linn.

Capra strepsiceros, Thunberg, Eesa, vol. ii, p. 100, 1789, English
Transl. of same, vol. ii, p. 89, 1793.

Antilope (Gazella) strepsiceros, Lichtenstein, Mag. Nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 172, 1814.

Cerophorus (Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, p. 75.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 197

Antilope (Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Desmarest, Diet. Hist. Nat.
ed. 2, vol. ii, p. 197, 1816, Mammalogie, p. 468, 1822 ; Lesson,
Man. Mamm. p. 383, 1827, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm.
p. 181, 1842 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840;
Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 445, 1844,
vol. v, p. 440, 1855 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 311, 1853-55.

Damalis strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 359, 1827.

Damalis (Strepsiceros) strepsiceros, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 365,
1827.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 92, 1832;
Peters, Eeise nach Mossambique, p. 190, 1852 ; Jentink, Cat.
Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 140, 1887,
Notes Leyden Mus. vol. ix, p. 173, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden
Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892; Rendall and
Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. v, p. 212, 1898 ; Matschie, Werther's
Die mittl. Hochldnd. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 254, 1898; de
Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 768; Rothschild, Powell-
Cotton's Sporting Trip through Abyssinia, p. 477, 1902 ; Elliot,
Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 88,
1907; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910; Pocock,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 937; Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus,
vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Strepsiceros capensis, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,
p. 223, 1834 ; Harris, Wild Animals S. Africa, p. 103, pi. xx,
1840 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 173,
pi. xcvi, 1900; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p. 241, 1900 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 341, 1908 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 318, 1910, ed. 7, p. 316,
1914 ; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 188, 1911.

Calliope strepsiceros, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138 ; Ruppell,
Verzeichniss Mus. SencJcenberg. vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 181, 1842.

Strepsiceros koodoo, Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 180,
pi. xx, 1836 ; Letcher, Big Game N. E. Rhodesia, p. 188, 1911.

Strepsiceros kudu, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1843, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 143,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 26, pi. xxiv, fig. 2, 1850, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 225, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 133, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 46, 1872, Hand-
List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 117, 1873 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat.
Mamm. vol. ii, p. 200, 1855 (coudou) ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 245, 1862 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p. 105, 1884, p. 47, 1892, pp. 102 and 118 ; Kirk, ibid. 1864,
p. 659 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1,
p. 176, 1869 ; Blanford, Zool. Abijssinia, p. 270, 1870 ; Buckley,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 454, 1876, pp. 284 and 291 ; Garrod,
ibid. 1877, p. 4 ; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 745 ; Brehm, Thierleben,
Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 227, 1880 ; Selous, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1881,
p. 751, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 207, 1881, Great
and Small Game of Africa, p. 441, 1899 ; Johnston, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1884, p. 542 ; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll.
Surg. pt. ii, p. 258, 1884 ; Phillips, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1885, p. 931 ;
Hunter, Willoughby's Great Game of E. Africa, p. 287, 1889 ;
Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 291, 1889, Nature and Sport in

198 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

8. Africa, p. 241, 1897; Crawshay, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1890,
p. 659; Jentink, Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xii, p. 211, 1890; W. L.
Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 153, 1891 ; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 348, 1891 ; Inverarity, Journ.
Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. vi, p. 463, 1891, Great and Small
Game of Africa, p. 445, 1899 ; Nicholls and Eglington, Sports-
man in S. Africa, p. 52, 1892 ; Swayne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 301, Seventeen Trips to Somaliland, p. 302, 1895 ; Lydekker,
Horns and Hoofs, p. 25, 1893, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 440, 1899 ; Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.),
vol. i, p. 288, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 454 ; Thomas, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1894, p. 145, 1896, p. 798; Matschie, Sdugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 136, 1895; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897 ; Elliot, Field Mus. Zool. Pub.
vol. i, p. 132, 1900 ; de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900, p. 83 ;
Powell- Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 574, 1904; Drake-Brockman,
Mammals of Somali, p. 92, 1910.

Strepsiceros excelsus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 196, 1846.

Damalis (Strepsiceros) capensis, A. Smith, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa,
pi. xii, 1859.

Antilope (Addax) Strepsiceros, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 620, 1861.

Tragelaphus Strepsiceros, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869,
Reise Nor dost- Afrika, p. 113, 1877.

Strepsiceros Strepsiceros zainbesiensis, Lorenz, Ann. Hof. Mus.
Wien, vol. ix, Notizen, p. 62, 1894.

(?) Antilope torticornis, Hermann, Obs. Zool. pt. i, p. 87, 1804.*

KUDU (KOODOO), or KOEDOE.

The type species.

Size very large (shoulder-height from about 50 to
52 inches) ; throat without white gorget, but heavily fringed ;
and horns forming a much more open spiral than in pre-
ceding species. General colour ranging from reddish fawn
to (in old animals) pale bluish grey; neck brown at base
and darker than shoulder; head darker than fore part of
neck, with a whitish area round each eye, and an infra-
orbital chevron, two or three spots on each side of cheeks,
edges of upper lips, and chin and under surface of lower jaw
white ; a thickish fringe of white and blackish brown hairs
extending from middle of under surface of lower jaw to
lower part of throat, which lacks a white gorget ; neck and
withers with a brown mane, continued posteriorly as a white
fringe to root of tail ; sides of body and haunches marked
with from about four to nine or ten vertical white stripes ; tail

* Vide " Book of Antelopes," vol. iv, p. 175.

TRAGELAPHIN.E 199

white below with a black tip ; under-parts greyish, tending
to black in middle ; legs rich fawn to knees and hocks, the
front pair whitish on inner side at origin and behind knees,
as well as on inner and hind aspects of shanks, with a pale
blackish brown patch on inner side above knees, and the
pasterns black behind, with faint traces of a pair of white

FIG. 30. — SKULL AND HORNS OF KUDU (Strepsiceros strepsiceros).

spots above the hoofs in front ; in hind pair the inner side
of the upper portion of the thighs and the front surface down
to the hocks white, this gradually dying out between the
hocks and pasterns. Basal length of skull (in southern race)
about 15 inches, interval between orbit and muzzle 9, and
maximum width about 6f inches. Horns with an open
spiral ; fine examples measure from 55 to 61 inches in length

200 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

along the curve, with a basal girth of from 10 to 14, and a
tip-to-tip interval of from 19 to 48£ inches.

In females the general colour is nearly uniform fawn,
rather darker above than below ; in the young the colour is
redder than in the adult, with the white markings more
pronounced.

The skull differs from that of the preceding species by
the narrower and more triangular lachrymal vacuity and the
greater development of the masseter knob.

The named races are distinguishable as follows : —

A. Stripes very numerous, usually 9 or 10 S. s. strepsiceros.

B. Stripes fewer, usually 6 to 8 S. s. bea.

c. Stripes still fewer, usually 4 or 5, but occasionally 7 S. s. cJiora.

A.— Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsiceros.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros strepsiceros, PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905,

vol. i, pp. 140, 141.
Strepsiceros capensis typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 319, 1910, ed. 7, p. 317, 1914.

Typical locality Cape Colony.

Stripes numerous, usually nine or ten.

The range probably extends as far north as the Zambesi.

42. 12. 6. 12. Skin, mounted. S. Africa.

Presented ~by the Earl of Derty, 1842.
44. 4. 1. 1. Skin, mounted. S. Africa.

Purchased (Stevens), 1844.

46. 6. 15. 31. Skin, mounted, female, and skull
(46. 11. 20. 5). Cape Colony. Purchased (Warwick), 1846.
46. 6. 1. 4. Skin, mounted, young. Cape Colony.

Purchased (Stevens), 1846.

48. 7. 11. 1. Skull, with horns. Probably South
African. Purchased, 1848.

60. 4. 22. 1. Skull, with horns, immature. S. Africa.

Purchased (Stevens), 1860.

91. 7. 20. 1. Frontlet and horns, immature. Interior of

Natal. Purchased (Stevens), 1891.

93. 4. 2. 1. Skin, mounted. Macloutsie Valley, Upper

Limpopo. . Presented ty F. C. Selous, Esq., 1893.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 201

5. 5. 18. 1. Skin, Zululand.

Presented ly Surg.-Gen. Sir D. Bruce, C.B., 1905.
10. 6. 10. 5. Skull, with horns. Angola.

Presented by Dr. W. J. Ansorge, 1910.
12. 10. 19. 1. Frontlet and horns. Zeerust, Transvaal.

Presented ly T. J. Starke, Esq., 1912.
Of the following specimens — from unknown localities —
the majority probably belong to the present race.
646, 1. Pair of horns.

Presented ly the Trustees of the Hunterian Museum.
646, d. Skull-face, with horns. Same history.

646, e. A similar specimen. Same history.

646,/. Skull, with horns. Same history.

61. 8. 21. 8 (646, m). Skeleton and skin, immature female.

No history.
96. 6. 30. 1. Skin, female.

Presented ly J. G. Millais, Esq., 1896.

B. — Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea.

Strepsiceros strepsiceros bea, Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi,
no. 13, p. 3, 1913.

Typical locality Donyo Geisha, on the escarpment east of
Lake Baringo, British East Africa.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

General colour brighter than in typical race, with the
stripes more conspicuous, but reduced in number to six or
eight. Compared with the next race, which it resembles in
the reduction of the stripes, it differs by the darker colour of
the median region of the back, the ear-tips, and the bands
on the pasterns, as well as by the longer coat and more
conspicuous stripes.

93. 7. 9. 25. Skull, with horns. Shire Highlands,
Nyasaland ; collected by A. Whyte, Esq. Length of horns,
on curve, 52 inches.

Presented ly Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

7. 10. 25. 6. Frontlet and horns, provisionally referred
to this race. Portuguese East Africa.

Presented ly F. Vaughan Kirly, Esq., 1907.

202 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

7. 12. 15. 1. Skin. Katambas, K E. Ehodesia.

Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.

8. 3. 14. 3. Skin. Laikipia Plateau, British East
Africa. Presented ly Capt. the Hon. H. 0. Guest, 1908.

C. — Strepsieeros strepsieeros chora.

(?) Antilope tendal, Cretzschmar, Atlas to EilppelVs Eeise nordl.

Africa, p. 22, 1826 ; Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 475, 1829. May

be Addax nasomaculatus.

Antilope chora, Cretzschmar, loc. cit. 1826 ; Fischer, loc. cit. 1829.
Strepsieeros abyssinicus, Fitzinger, Sitzler. Jc. Ak. Wiss. Wien,

vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 176, 1869.
Strepsieeros strepsieeros chora, PococTt, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i,

p. 140; Heller, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ixi, no. 13, p. 3,

1913.
Strepsieeros capensis chora, Lydeklter, Game Animals of Africa,

p. 342, 1908 ; }Vard, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 321, 1910,

ed. 7, p. 319, 1914.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan.

Number of stripes frequently not exceeding four or five,
but occasionally reaching seven, when, however, only four
or five are distinct and clearly defined.

The range includes Somaliland and Abyssinia.
71. 11. 29. 1 (646, n). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Bogosland, Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1871.

71. 11. 29. 2. Skin, mounted. Same locality.

Same history.
71. 11. 29. 3. Skull, female. Same locality.

Same history.
4. 7. 2. 8. Head, mounted. N. E. Africa.

Bequeathed ly H. Andrew, Esq., 1904.

4. 8. 25. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin. Blue Nile.

Presented ly Capt. C. P. Roberts, 1904.

5. 5. 29. 1. Skin, immature. Somaliland.

Presented ly the Zoological Society, 1905.
5. 9. 21. 13-14. Two skulls, with horns. Sennar.

Presented ly Capt. E. de H. Smith, 1905.
13. 7. 13. 1. Skull, with horns. Somaliland.

Presented ly Guy Chetwynd, Esq., 1913.

TRAGELAPHINJ5 203

III.— Genus BOOCERCUS,

Euryceros, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 144, Cat. Ruminants Brit.

Mus. p. 47, 1872, nee Lesson, 1830.
Boocercus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x, p. 309,

1902; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931.
Boocerus, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., Suppl. p. 731, 1904, errorim.

Differs from the two preceding genera by the presence
of horns in both sexes, the terminally tufted tail, and the
absence of inguinal glands ; horns smooth, forming an open
tragelaphine spiral of about one complete turn, with yellow
tips; no frontal tuft or dewlap. Eestricted to the forest-
zone of Equatorial Africa.

BOOCERCUS EURYCERUS.

Antilope euryceros, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 120; Water-
house, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1836 ; Tcmminck,
Esquiss. Zool. Guine, p. 190, 1853 ; Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim.
ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 468, 1887.

Tragelaphus eurycerus,* Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., Mamm.
p. 181, 1842; Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 144,f 1861, p. 276,
Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, pi. xxiii, fig. 1, 1850, Cat. Ungulata
Brit. Mus. p. 136, 1852 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. v, p. 441, 1855; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 246, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix,
pt. 1, p. 174, 1869; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 485,
pi. xxxix ; Sclater, ibid. 1883, p. 35 ; Thomas, ibid. 1891, p. 387 ;
Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 347, 1891 ; Ward,
Records of Big Game, p. 158, 1892, ed. 2, p. 202, 1896 ; Jentink,
Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. xi) p. 172, 1892 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 254, 1893 ; Pousargues, Ann.
Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897 ; Rothschild, Novit.
Zool. vol. v, p. 206, 1898; Bryden, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 454, 1899 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 131, pi. xci, 1900.

Antilope (Addax) euryceros, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 620, 1861.

Tragelaphus albo-virgatus, du Chaillu, Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc.
vol. vii, p. 299, 1861, Explor. Equat. Africa, p. 306, 1861.

Tragelaphus albovittatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 276.

Euryceros euryceros, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 48, 1872,
Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 119, 1873 ; Jentink, Cat.
Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix) p. 23, 1888;
Biittikofer, Reisebilder aus Liberia, vol. ii, p. 380, 1890.

* Frequently given as euryceros.

t As the subgeneric term Euryceros is proposed on the same page,
the name is really Tragelaphus (Euryceros} euryceros.

204

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Boocercus eurycerus, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x,

p. 309, 1902 ; Alexander ; From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 394, 1907 ;

LydeJclcer, Game Animals of Africa, p. 317, 1908 ; Pocock, Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 931 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 325, 1910, ed. 7, p. 323, 1914.
Boocerus eurycerus, Trouessart, Cat. Mamm., Suppl. p. 731, 1904,

errorim.

BONGO.

Typical locality West Africa.
Distribution the same as that of the genus.

FIG. 31. — HEAD OF BONGO (Boocercus eurycerus).

Size comparatively large — shoulder-height from about
48 to 50 inches. General colour bright chestnut, passing

TRAGELAPHIN.E 205

into blackish on forehead and sides of face some distance
below eyes ; an incomplete suborbital chevron, two or three
spots (which may be confluent) on cheeks, chin, and lips, a
dorsal streak, from ten to fourteen or fifteen transverse
stripes on body, and a narrow gorget on chest white ; outer
side of fore-legs blackish to pasterns, inner side mainly
white, with a black chevron above white knees and a white
patch above hoofs in front ; hind-legs chestnut to hoofs on
outer sides, with front of hocks and shanks and a patch
above hoofs white, the remainder of the pasterns being
blackish or brownish, as in fore-legs.

A.— Boticereus eurycerus eurycerus.

Typical locality West Africa.

Stripes numerous, generally fourteen or fifteen.

Eange restricted to the western side of the African
continent.

58. 5. 4. 6 (852, a). Skull and horns. West Africa.
Co-type.
Presented by the Zoological Society (from their Museum), 1858.

58. 5. 4. 7 (852, 1). Frontlet and horns. West Africa.
Co-type. Presented to the Zoological Society by Capt.
W. Allen, K.N. Same history.

71. 5. 27. 5. Skin, immature, mounted. Ashkankolo
Mountains, Gabun.

Presented "by Monsieur P. B. du Chaillu, 1871.

78. 7. 16. 9. Head, mounted (fig. 31), and body-skin.
Fanti. Purchased (Gerrard), 1878.

87. 10. 20. 1. Skeleton. Gabun.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1887.

7. 7. 1. 1. Skull, with horns, female. Near Mango
River, Sierra Leone. Presented by Capt. L. Murray, 1907.

11. 8. 22. 1. Skull, with horns. Gold Coast.

Presented by E. K. Gibbons, Esq., 1911.

13. 6. 25. 1. Skin, foetal. Ashanti.

Presented by Dr. Montagu Graves, 1913.

13. 7. 13. 2. Skull, with horns. Kassandra, French
Ivory Coast. Presented by Guy Chetwynd, Esq., 1913.

206

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

FIG. 32. — SKULLS AND HORNS OF MALE (A) AND FEMALE (B) BONGO

(Boocerus eurycerus), from Sierra Leone.

From photographs lent by Mr. W. T. Cross.

B. — Booeereus euryeerus isaaci.

Boocercus eurycerus isaaci, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7,
vol. x, p. 310, 1902, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, p. 319 ; Hollister,
Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 9, 1910 (Boocerus).

Boocercus isaaci, Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field
Mus. vol. viii) p. 86, 1907; Eoosevelt, African Game Trails,
p. 486, 1910.

Typical locality Eldoma Eavine, B. E. Africa.

Not fully distinguished from western race, but the
stripes apparently fewer, being only ten in the under-
mentioned mounted specimen.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 207

97. 7. 3. 2. Frontlet and horns. East Africa ; collected
by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G., C.B.

^Presented by Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1897.

2. 11. 17. 1. Skin, mounted, and skull. Eldonia Eavine,
B. E. Africa. This and the associated specimens are the
types. Presented by F. W. Isaac, Esq., 1902.

2. 11. 17. 2. Skull, with horns, and skin, immature.
Same locality. Same history.

2. 11. 17. 3. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

2. 11. 17. 4. Skeleton, horns, and skin, female. Same
locality. Same history.

2. 11. 17. 5. Head, mounted, and body-skin, female.
Same locality. Same history.

7. 4. 23. 4. Skin, immature. Basoko, Aruwimi Valley.
Presented by R. L. Eeid, Esq., 1907.

7. 4. 23. 5. Frontlet and horns. Same locality.

Same history.

IV. Genus TAUROTRAGUS.

Oreas, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822 ; Rutimeyer,

AWi. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 73, 1878 ; nee Hubner, 1806.
Taurotragus, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. v, p. 439,

1855 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 193,

1900 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 932.
Doratoceros, Lydekker, Field, vol. Ixxviii, p. 130, 1891.
Orias, Lydekker, Royal Nat. Hist. vol. ii, p. 267, 1894, Geogr. Hist.

Mamm. p. 247, 1896.

Very large, heavily built antelopes resembling Boocercus
in the tufted tail and the presence of horns in both sexes,
but distinguished by the horns being strongly keeled, and
forming a closely twisted screw-like spiral, on which the
front keel makes one complete turn, the tips being black ;
as well as by the presence of a more or less strongly
developed bushy frontal tuft, and of a heavy dewlap, fringed
with long hair. In females the horns are longer, thinner,
and less strongly keeled, while the dewlap is wanting and
the frontal tuft less developed.

The range includes the greater part of Ethiopian Africa,
exclusive of the equatorial forest. In the Pliocene the
group was represented in India by the so-called T. latidens,

208 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

which may belong to an extinct genus ; * but the reference
to it of teeth from the superficial deposits of North America f
is almost certainly incorrect.

The two species are distinguishable as follows : —

A. Size smaller, ears narrow and pointed, neck coloured

more or less like body T. oryx.

B. Size larger, ears broad and rounded, neck (in males)

with a wide black band bordered posteriorly with

white T. derbianus.

I. TAUKOTKAGUS OEYX.

Antilope oryx, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 9, 1766, Spicil. Zool. fasc. i,
p. 15, 1767; Miiller, Natursyst., Suppl. p. 55, 1776; Erxleben,
Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 275, 1777; Zimmermann, Spec. ZooL
Geogr. p. 539, 1777 ; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. vol. i, p. 79, 1780 ;
Sparrman, Resa, p. 504, pi. xii, 1785, English Transl. (Voyage
to Cape of Good Hope) vol. i, p. 131, vol. ii, pp. 96 and 204f
pi. i, 1786 ; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ;
Cuvier, Tall. Elem. Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798; Lichtenstein,
Forster's Descrip. Anim. p. 33, 1844.

Antilope oreas, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 17, 1777; Zimmer-
mann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 109, 1780, vol. iii, p. 269,
1783 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclvi, 1784 ; Boddaert, Elenchus
Anim. p. 139, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 190r
1788; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 317, 1792; Donndorff,
Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 639, 1792 ; Latham and Davies,
Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch.
vol. ii, p. 100, 1795; Bechstein, System. Uebersicht vierfiiss.
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 642, 1800; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2,
p. 319, pi. clxxxv, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 115, 1802 ; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. vol. vi, p. 376,
1803, vol. xxiv, p. 32, 1804 ; Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Hist. Nat. vol. ii,
p. 244, 1804, Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 263, 1817 ; Thunberg, Mem.
Ac. Sci. St. Petersb. vol. iii, p. 314, 1811 ; Lichtenstein, Reise
sildl. Africa, vol. i, p. 155, 1811, vol. ii, pp. 39 and 46, 1812 ;
G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 422, 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Burchell, List Quadrupeds
presented to Brit. Mus. p. 7, 1817, Travels in S. Africa, vol. r»
p. 245, 1822; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1153,
1818 ; Gray, Med. Repos. vol. xv, p. 307, 1821 ; Schinz, Cuvier' '*
Thierreich, vol. i, p. 296, p. 396, 1821, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 449, 1845 ; Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447,
1822 ; Masson, Cuvier's Regne Anim. vol. i, p. 317, 1836 ; Owen,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38. Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 637,
1868 ; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p! 200, 1853-55 ; Drummond, Large

* See Pilgrim, Rec. Geol. Surv. India, vol. xliii, p. 303, 1913.

t Taurotragus americanus, Gidley, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. Ix, no. 27, p. 1, 1913; see also Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat*
Freunde, 1913, p. 250.

TRAGELAPHIN.E 209

Game of S. Africa, pp. 137 and 427, 1875 ; Huet, Bull. Soc.

Acclim. ser. 4, vol. iv, p. 471, 1887.
Capra oreas, Thunberg, Resa, vol. ii, p. 66, 1789, English Transl.

vol. ii, p. 58, 1793.
Antilope (Bubalis) oreas, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde, vol. vi,

p. 153, 1814.
Antilope (Boselaphus) oreas, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2,

vol. ii, p. 201, 1816 ; A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii,

p. 222, 1834; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Anim. vol. x, p. 302, 1836;

Wagner, Schreber's Saugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv, p. 465, 1844.
Cerophorus (Boselaphus) oreas, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816,

p. 75.

Cemas alces, OJcen, LeJirbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 735, 1816.
Antilope (Oreas) oreas, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822 ;

Schinz, Nat. Abbild. Sdugeth. p. 301, pi. cxxvii, 1827, Mon.

Antilop. p. 45, pi. 2, 1848; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim.,

Mamm. p. 181, 1842.
Antilope (Oreas) canna, Desmarest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822 ;

Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 384, 1827.
Damalis oreas, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 355,

pi. 1827; Sundevall, K. SvensJca Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 199,

1846.
Danaalis (Boselaphus) oreas, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,

vol. v, p. 364, 1827.

Damalis canna, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. iv, p. 357, 1827.
Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 365, 1827.
Boselaphus oreas, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 90, 1830 ; Jardine,

Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 117, pi. xix, 1836; Harris,

Wild Anim. S. Africa, p. 24, pi. vi, 1840 ; Gray, List Mamm.

Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 59, 1847,

Knowsley Menagerie, pis. i and ii, 1850 ; A. Smith, Illustr. Zool.

S. Africa, pis. xl and xli, 1859 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. k. Ak. Wiss.

Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 179, 1869.
Boselaphus canna, Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 91, 1832 ; Gray,

List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 155, 1843.
Antilope (Boselaphus) canna, A. Smith, S. African Quart. Journ.

vol. ii, p. 223, 1834.
Antilope canna, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 38, Anat. Vertebrates,

vol. iii, p. 364, 1868.
Antilope (Buselaphus) oreas, Reichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. 142,

1845.

Antilope (Buselaphus) canna, ReicJienbach, op. cit. p. 145, 1845.
Oreas canna, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 143, Knowsley

Menagerie, p. 27, 1850, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. viii,

p. 225, 1851, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 134, 1852, Cat.

Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 47, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit.

Mus. p. 118, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.

p. 244, 1862 ; Kirk, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 659 ; Flower, ibid.

1875, p. 186; Buckley, ibid. 1876, p. 284; Garrod, ibid. 1877,

p. 4 ; Bocage, ibid. 1878, p. 745, /. Sci. Lisboa, vol. ii, p. 25,

1890; Schmidt, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 305; Selous, ibid. 1881,

p. 749, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, p. 204, 1881 ;

III. P

210 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pi. ii,
p. 258, 1884; Bryden, Kloof and Karroo, p. 291, 1889 ; Hunter,
Willoughby's Great Game E. Africa, p. 287, 1889 ; Crawshay, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1890, p. 658 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus.
pt. 2, p. 152, 1891 ; Flower and LydekJcer, Study of Mammals,
p. 348, 1891 ; Nicolls and Eglington, Sportsman in S. Africa,
p. 54, 1892 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 504, 1894, p. 145,
1896, p. 797 ; LydeJcker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 258, 1893 ; Sclater,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1896, p. 506 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897.

Antilope (Damalis) oreas, Peters, Reise nacli Mossambique, SdugetJi.
p. 192, 1852.

Antilope (Taurotragus) oreas, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl.
vol. v, p. 439, 1855.

Antilope (Addax) oreas, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. p. 620, 1861.

Oreas oreas, Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,
vol. ix) p. 140, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi)
p. 172, 1892 ; Matschie, Sdugethiere Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 141,
1895.

Antilope triangularis, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1889, p. 73 ; Sclater,
ibid. 1896, p. 506.

Doratoceros triangularis, Lydekker, Field, vol. Ixxviii, p. 130, 1891,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6, vol. viii, p. 192, 1891, Horns and
Hoofs, p. 260, 1893.

Taurotragus oryx, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 421, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 304, 1908 ; Sclater
and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 195, pis. xcviii and
xcix, 1900; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 932; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 327, 1910, ed. 7, p. 325, 1914 ;
Carruccio, Boll. Soc. Zool. ital. ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 77, 1913.

Oreas oryx, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Oreas triangularis, Matschie, op. cit. 1913.

ELAND.

Typical locality South Africa.

The type species ; also type of Oreas and Doratoceros.

Height reaching to ahout 5 feet 7 inches, or perhaps
6 feet at withers. Ears pointed and relatively narrow, with,
at most, a small black patch on outer border of backs ;
general colour greyish or pale rufous tawny, usually with a
dark dorsal stripe, and with or without a variable number of
narrow vertical white stripes; neck coloured more or less
nearly like back ; frontal tuft well developed, in some cases
with orange borders, in others wholly dark; a suborbital
white streak present or absent ; tuft on dewlap and tail- tuft
black; fore-legs with or without a dark garter on hind
surface above knees ; back of pasterns dirty white or black.
Horns of moderate size; fine specimens measuring from

TRAGELAPHIN^: 211

30 to 37 inches in length in a straight line, with a basal
girth of from 11 to 16, and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from
7J to 27 inches. Female horns may be abnormally long,
with but slight development of the spiral twist.

The range extends from Cape Colony to the Kenia
district of British East Africa on the east, and to Angola on
the west ; the typical southern form being apparently almost
extinct.

The four better known races are distinguishable as
follows : —

A. Body not striped T. o. oryx.

B. Body striped.

a. Backs of pasterns whitish.

a'. Typically no white suborbital streak T. o. living stonei.
b1. Typically a white suborbital streak T. o. selousi.

b. Backs of pasterns black T. o. patter sonianus.

The characters on which the other two named races are
based are given in the sequel.

A.— Taurotragus oryx oryx.

Taurotragus oryx typicus, LydeTcJcer, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 421, 1899; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv,
p. 195, 1900 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 328, 1910,
ed. 7, p. 325, 1914.

Taurotragus oryx oryx, LydekJcer, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 324, 1907.

Typical locality South Africa.

Whole colour uniformly tawny, white body-stripes and
suborbital streaks, and dark knee-bands and black on
posterior aspect of pasterns being, typically, absent.
647, e. Skeleton, female, immature. S. Africa.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1842.
647, h. Frontlet and horns, young. S. Africa.

Same history.

42. 12. 6. 14 (647, q). Skull, with horns, and head-skin.
S. Africa ; collected by Mr. Burke. Same donor, 1842.

42. 12. 6. 15 (647, r). Skull, with horns, and head-
skin, female. Same locality and collector. Same history.
647, j. Frontlet and horns, female. Algoa Bay.

Presented by C. Wemyss, Esq.
p 2

212 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

43. 9. 27. 25. Skin, mounted, young. S. Africa.

Purchased (Brandt), 1843.

647, i. Skeleton. S. Africa.

Purchased (Zoological Society).

647, i.* Skeleton, female. S. Africa. Same history.

63. 12. 3. 6. Skin, mounted, new-born young. Bred in
London. Same history, 1863.

89. 2. 4. 1. Frontlet, with horns of abnormal form,
female. S. Africa. Type of Antilope triangularis and
Doratoceros. Presented by Morton Green, Esq., 1889.

B.— Taurotrag'us oryx living's tonei.

Oreas livingstonii, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 105 ; Kirk, ibid.
1864, p. 659; Selous, ibid. 1883, p. 32; Matschie, Sdugethiere
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 141, 1895, Werther's Die mittl. Hochldnd.
Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 259, 1898 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81, 1897; Kendall, Novit. Zool. vol. v,
p. 213, 1898 ; Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Antilope (Taurotragus) livingstonii, Heuglin, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 316,
1869.

Oreas canna livingstoni, Jackson, Big Game Shooting (Badminton
Libr.), vol. i, p. 285, 1894, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 456 ; Sclater,
ibid. 1895, p. 690 ; Thomas, ibid. 1894, p. 394.

Taurotragus oreas livingstonei, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 507.

Taurotragus oryx livingstonei, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 421, 1899, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 324, 1907, Game
Animals of Africa, p. 306, 1908 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of
Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 197, 1900 ; Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus.
(Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii) p. 90, 1907 ; Ward, Records of
Big Game, ed. 6, p. 329, 1910, ed. 7, p. 326, 1914.

Taurotragus oryx livingstonianus, Roberts, Ann. Transvaal Mus.
vol. iv, p. 106, 1913.

Typical locality Sesheke, north of the Victoria Falls of
the Zambesi.

Body marked with about eight white stripes and a dark
garter on hind surface of fore-legs above knees, but back of
pasterns white, and, typically, no white streak below eyes.

93. 5. 6. 9. Skull, with horns, female. Zomba, Nyasa-
land ; collected by A. Whyte, Esq.

Presented ly Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1893.

93. 7. 9. 19 & 20. Two skulls, with horns, and skins,
female. Shire Highlands, Nyasaland ; same collector.

Same history.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 213

98. 5. 22. 25. Skull, with horns, and skin. Zomba.

Presented by Sir Alfred Sharpe, K.C.M.G., C.B.

7. 10. 25. 5. Skull, with horns. Portuguese East Africa.*

Presented ly F. Vaughan Kirty, Esq., 1907.

C.— Taurotragrus oryx selousi.

Oreas canna, Selous, A Hunter's Wanderings in S. Africa, pi. i,

figs. 1 and 3, 1890.
Taurotragus oryx selousi, LydeJcker, Ward's Records of Big Game,

ed. 6, p. 328, 1910, ed. 7, p. 330, 1914.
Oreas selousi, Matschie, Deutsche Jdger-Zeitung, vol. lix, p. 119, 1912,

Sitzber. Ges. nat. Frcunde, 1913, p. 255.

Typical locality Mashonaland.

Typified by the two heads figured by Selous, op. cit.

Distinguished from livingstonei by the presence of an
incomplete white chevron below the eyes; frontal tuft of
adult males well developed, chocolate-brown.

84. 8. 1. 4. Skin, mounted. Kugawe Valley, Mashona-
land ; collected by F. C. Selous, Esq. Topo-type.

Purchased, 1884.

84. 8. 1. 5. Skin, mounted, female. Hanyani Valley,
Mashonaland ; same collector. Same history.

86. 5. 5. 6. Skeleton. Same locality and collector.

Purchased, 1886.

86. 5. 5. 7. Skeleton, female. Same locality and col-
lector. Same history.

81. 10. 28. 6 & 7. Two skulls, with horns, and head-
skins. Same locality and collector. Purchased, 1881.

83. 7. 28. 10. Skull, with horns. Gwenia Valley,
Mashonaland ; same collector. Purchased, 1883.

D.—Taurot rag-us oryx niediecki.

Oreas oryx niediecki, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 249.

Typical locality Zambesia.

With white body-stripes and a blackish garter above the

* Some of the elands from Portuguese East Africa have a white
chevron, while in others it is wanting. See Novit. Zool. vol. xiv,
p. 325.

214 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

knees, this form of the eland is stated to be distinguished by
the horns being strongly inclined inwards instead of bent
backwards. It is further stated to be distinct from the
so-called triangularis, which came from the same region.
No specimen in collection.

E. — Taurotragns oryx kaufmanni.

Oreas oreas kaufmanni, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zeitung, vol. lix,

p. 119, 1912.
Oreas kaufmanni, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Typical locality Mount Capri vi, between the Chobi and
Zambesi, German S. W. Africa.

Stated to differ from selousi by the white suborbital
streak being angulated instead of linear, and from patter-
sonianus (infra) by the frontal tuft being broad and
chocolate-brown instead of narrow and chestnut.

No specimen in collection.

F. — Taurotrag'us oryx pattersonianus.

Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus, LydeJcker, Field, vol. cviii, p. 579,
1906, Novit. Zool. vol. xiv, p. 325, pi. i, 1907, Game Animals of
Africa, p. 307, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 330,
1910, ed. 7, p. 328, 1914; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect.
vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 10, 1910.

Oreas pattersonianus, Matschie, Deutsche Jager-Zeitung, vol. lix,
p. 119, 1912, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Typical locality Laikipia Plateau, B. E. Africa.

General colour pale rufous fawn, with three or four
distinct white stripes on and near withers, and more or less
clear indications of others farther back ; a dorsal stripe, a
garter above hind surface of each knee, and the backs of the
pasterns brownish black ; frontal tuft moderately developed,
the forehead of adult (not old) males showing a narrow median
blackish brown stripe above and between the eyes, flanked
on either side by bright orange rufous, with a pair of white
streaks, forming an incomplete chevron, below the eyes;
lower part of face dark brown, with a lateral fawn patch
above each nostril ; neck much more rufous than body.

6. 10. 14. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin. Laikipia,
B. E. Africa. Type ; head figured, Novit. Zool. loc. cit.

Presented ty Lieut.-Col. J. H. Patterson, 1906.

TRAGELAPHIN.E 215

12. 9. 15. 1. Skin, mounted. Laikipia.

Presented by F. C. Selous, Esq., 1912.

92. 10. 18. 19. Skull, with horns, deformed, female.
Kilimanjaro district ; collected by Sir F. J. Jackson, K.C.M.G.
C.B. Presented ly J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1892.

FIG. 33. — HEAD OF LAIKIPIA ELAND (Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus).
From Novitates Zoologicce, 1907.

N.B. — The following specimens may indicate another
race : —

98. 4. 28. 2. Skull, with horns. N. E. Africa, probably
the neighbourhood of Lake Eudolf.

Presented ly H. S. H. Cavendish, Esq., 1898.
98. 4. 28. 3. Skull, with horns, female. Same locality.

Same history.

216 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

II. TAUEOTEAGUS DEEBIANUS.

Boselaphus oreas, Gray, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 145, 1847, nee
Antilope oreas, Pallas.

Boselaphus derbiamis, Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vol. xx,
p. 286, 1847, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 226, 1851, Sillimarfs Journal,
vol. v, p. 279, 1848, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 144, Knowsley
Menagerie, pi. xxv, 1850 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 201, pi. xxxviii, 1855 ; Fitzinger, Sitzler. ~k. A~k. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. i, p. 169, 1869.

Oreas derbianus, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 27, 1850, Cat.
Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 136, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 47, 1872, Hand-List Buminants Brit. Mus. p. 118, 1873 ;
Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 245, 1862 ; Winwood
Reade, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 169, pi. xxii, Savage Africa,
p. 398, 1864 ; Rochebrune, Faune Senegamb. p. 120, pi. vii,
fig. 1, 1883 ; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Ley den Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. ix) p. 141, 1887 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 260,
1893 ; Pousargues, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 81,
1897 ; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 349 ; Matschie, Sitzler.
Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Antilope (Taurotragus) derbianus, Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere.
Suppl. vol. v, p. 439, 1855.

Oreas colini, Rcchebrune, Bull. Soc. Philom. ser. 7, vol. vii, p. 8,
1883, Faune Senegamb. p. 121, pi. vii, fig. 1, 1883 ; Matschie,
Sitzler. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Taurotragus derbianus, Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa,
p. 439, 1899, Game Animals of Africa, p. 314, 1908; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 215, pi. c, 1900 ; Lortet
and Gaillard, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ser. 4, vol. viii, no. 2, p. 90,
1903 (derbyanus) ; Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, p. 447, 1905 ;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 333, 1910, ed. 7, p. 331,
1914.

Typical locality Casamance to the south of the Gambia.

Size larger, horns longer and stouter, ears broader and
blunter, with more black on the back, and stripes more
numerous, and general colour richer than in the typical
species, the greater part of the sides of neck being black,
bordered posteriorly with a white band. In sub-adult bulls
the forehead is short-haired and chestnut, but a frontal tuft,
which is typically cholocate or reddish fulvous, is developed
later ; lower part of face dark brown ; a brown mane on
back of neck ; white suborbital streaks and dark knee-garters
are developed, and the hind surfaces of the pasterns are
wholly black.

TRAGELAPHIN.E 217

The races are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Horns shorter and stouter; frontal tuft chocolate

(reddish fulvous).

a. General colour deep chestnut or rufous ; 14 or

15 stripes T. d. derbianus.

b. General colour paler ; about 10 stripes T. d. gigas.

B. Horns larger and more slender : frontal tuft

blackish chestnut T. d. congolanus.

The typical locality of the so-called Oreas colini is Kitu,
Upper Senegal.

A.— Taurotrag-us derbianus derbianus.

Taurotragus derbianus typicus, Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,

p. 334, 1910, ed. 7, p. 332, 1914.
Taurotragus derbianus derbianus, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1913.

Typical locality Casamance, south of the Gambia.

General colour deep chestnut or rufous ; white stripes
fourteen or fifteen. Fine horns measure from 30 to 42 inches,
with a basal girth of from 9£ to 14J, and a tip-to- tip interval
of from 15^ to 29-J inches.

1648, 1 (originally 647, c). Frontlet and horns. Gambia ;
collected by Mr. T. Whitfield. Cotype.

Presented by the Earl of Derby, about 1842.

1648, a (originally 647, a). Frontlet and horns. Same
locality and collector. Same history.

63. 4. 15. 1 (1648, c). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Senegal. Presented by F. Winwood Eeade, Esq., 1863.

63. 4. 15. 2 (1648, d). Skull, with horns. Same locality.

Same history.

89. 10. 7. 6. Skull, with horns, and head-skin. Barcote,
Upper Gambia. Presented by Dr. Percy Eendall, 1889.

11. 6. 10. 111. Skull, with horns, and skin, female.
Upper Gambia. Presented "by Cf. Fenwick-Owen, Esq., 1911.

B.— Taurotragus derbianus gigas.

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) oreas, Heuglin, Nova Acta Ac. Cces. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, p. 19, 1863, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 319, 1869, nee
Antilope oreas, Pallas.

218

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) gigas, Heuglin, Nova Ada Ac. Cces. Leop.-
Car. vol. xxx, p. 19, pi. i, fig. 2, 1863, Reise Weiss. Nil, p. 318,
1869; Fitzinger, Sitzber. Jc. Ak. Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i,
p. 179, 1869.

Taurotragus gigas, Baker, Wild Beasts and their Ways, p. 342, 1891 ;
Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 486, 1910,

FIG. 34. — HEAD OF SUDANI KACE OF LORD DERBY'S ELAND

(Taurotragus oryx gigas).
From Rothschild, Novitates Zoologicce, 1905.

Taurotragus oryx gigas, Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. iv, p. 198, 1900.

Taurotragus derbianus gigas, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, p. 447,
1905, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1913 ; Butler,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 288 ; LydeJcTcer, Novit. Zool.

TRAGELAPHIN^E 219

vol. xiv, p. 325, 1907, Game Animals of Africa, p. 314, 1908 ;

Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 336, 1910, ed. 7, p. 334,

1914.

Taurotragus derbianus, Rothschild, Novit. Zool. vol. xii, pi. xii, 1905.
Oreas gigas, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1913, p. 255.

Typical locality west side of the White Nile, Bahr-el-
Ghazal, in about 7° K lat.

Type apparently in Senckenberg Museum, Frankfort-am-
Main.

General colour paler than in typical race ; about ten
vertical white stripes. In fine horns the length, in a straight
line, ranges from 35 to 41 inches, with a basal girth of from
12£ to 14, and a tip-to-tip interval of from 19 J to 33 inches.

9. 10. 12. 1. Skull, with horns. Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Purchased, 1909.

9. 7. 12. 1. Skull, with horns, and skin, female. Twenty-
five miles west of Eumbek, Bahr-el-Ghazal.

Presented ly Capt. H. JR. Hcadlam, 1907.

10. 3. 28. 1. Head, mounted, and body-skin, female.
Bahr-el-Ghazal. Presented ly Prince Paul Demidoff, 1910.

C.— Taurotragus derbianus cong-olanus.

Oreas derbii, Johnston, River Congo, p. 391, 1884 (?), nee Oreas

derbianus, Gray.
Taurotragus derbianus congolanus, Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. xii, p. 575, 1913.

Typical locality Eastern Congo.

Type in Tring Museum.

Horns longer and comparatively more slender than in
either of the preceding races, with the spiral starting more
on front of forehead, and the anterior keel passing only once
round back of horn; distance between base of horn and
second frontal point of the twist greater than in other races,
and the interval between horns narrower than in gigas but
wider than in derbianus. Hair of forehead and between
horn-bases blackish chestnut, instead of the bright reddish
fulvous of the other races.

No specimen in collection.

220 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

V. Genus TETRACERUS.

Tetracerus, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiv, p. 524, 1825 ; Blanford,

Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 519, 1891.
Tetraceros, Voigt, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 314, 1831 ; Rilti-

meyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 213, 1877 ; Sclater and

Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. i, p. 213, 1896 ; PococJc, Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 921.

Differs from all the preceding genera of the subfamily by
the presence of a pair of large preorbital face-glands, opening
by longitudinal slits, and of a pouch-like gland in each hind
lateral hoof; inguinal glands wanting. The genus is also
distinguished from all other existing hollow-horned ruminants
by the presence, typically, of two pairs of horns in males, of
which the first pair are much smaller than the second, both
being short and unkeeled ; females hornless ; tail relatively
short, not tufted. Skull with large lachrymal pits ; upper
molars with short, quadrangular crowns, without a distinct
additional column on inner side ; sexes alike in colour ;
tragelaphine markings mostly absent. Placed by Gray
between the reedbucks and the klipspringer-steinbok group,
the genus has been generally associated by subsequent writers
with the duikers. In 1877 Riitimeyer had, however, placed
it next the nilgai, although separating the latter from the
Tragelaphince, and classing both genera with the Cephalophince.
The affinity between Tetraceros and Boselaphus is confirmed
by Pocock, who includes both in the Tragelaphince.

The range is restricted to the plains of Peninsular India.

TETEACERUS QUADRICORNIS.

Cerophorus (Cervicapra) quadricornis, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom.
1816, pp. 75 and 78, Journ. Phys. August 1818, Okeris Isis, 1819,
p. 1095.

Antilope quadricornis, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2,
vol. ii, p. 193, 1816, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 466, 1822 ; Schinz,
Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 395, 1821 ; Goldfuss, Schreber's
Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1243, 1824 ; Lesson, Man. Mamm. p. 281,
1827; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 256,
1827 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829 ; Waterhouse,
Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838.

Antilope chickara, Hardwicke, Trans. Linn. vol. xiv, p. 520, pis. xv
and xvi, 1825 ; Hills, ibid. vol. xv, p. 501, pi. xix, 1827 ; Lesson,

TRAGELAPHIN^E 221

Man. Mamm. p. 381, 1827, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 292,
1836 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 471, 1829 ; Hodgson,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. i, p. 346, 1832, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1834, p. 99 ; Kaup, Thierreich, vol. i, p. 179, 1835 ; Schinz,
Synop. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 424, 1845.

Antilope (Tetraceros) quadricornis, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal
Kingdom, vol. v, p. 845, 1827 ; Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm.
vol. x, p. 292, 1836, Nouv. Tabl. Begne Anim., Mamm. p. 178,
1842 ; Gervais, Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 26, 1840 ;
Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, 8vppl. vol. iv, p. 439, 1844,
vol. v, p. 410, 1855; Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 323 (1853-55).

"Tetraceros striaticornis, Leach" Brookes, Cat. Mus. p. 64, 1828;
Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1852.

Cervus latipes, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv, livr. Ixv, pi. 420,
1832 ; Sundevall, K. Svenslca Vet.-A7c. Handl. 1844, p. 189, 1846.

Antilope tetracornis, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. iv,
p. 525, 1835, vol. v, p. 242, 1836.

Antilope (Grimmia) quadricornis, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat.
vol. i, p. 624, 1839.

Tetracerus chickara, Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iv,
p. 224, pi. xxxii, 1836* ; Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x,
pt. 2, p. 913, 1841, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 89,
1847 ; Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xi, pt. 2, p. 451, 1842.

Cervus (Styloceros) latipes, Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Begne Anim., Mamm.
p. 174, 1842.

Tetracerus f quadricornis, Gray, List. Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159,
1843, Cat. Hodgson Collect, p. 26, 1846, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
p. 57, 1847, Knoivsley Menagerie, p. 6, 1850, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1850, p. 117, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 68, 1852, Cat. Eumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 18, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants Brit. Mus.
p. 89, 1873; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-AJc. Handl. 1844, p. 189,
1846 ; Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 89, 1847 ;
Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, pt. 2, p. 879, 1847,
vol. xvii, pt. 2, p. 561, 1848, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, p. 165, 1863 ; Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 170 ;
Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. India Mus. p. 167, 1851 ; Adams, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 522 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus.
p. 234, 1862; Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 274, 1867; Blanford,
Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxxvi, pt. 2, p. 196, 1868, Fauna
Brit. India, Mamm. p. 519, 1891; Fitzinger, Sitzber. &. Ak.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. i, p. 169, 1869; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, p. 126, 1870 ; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, ser. 2,
p. 54, 1876 ; Murray, Zool. of Sind, p. 55, 1884 ; Weldon, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 2; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 479, 1884;
Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii,
p. 270, 1884; Jentink, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-
Bas, vol. ix) p. 130, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit.
vol. xi) p. 159, 1892 ; Flower and LydeJcker, Study of Mammals,
p. 338, 1891; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii,
p. 168, 1891 ; Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 149, 1893, Game
Animals of India, etc. p. 171, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit.

* Tetraceros.

f Some authors use Tetracerus and others Tetraceros.

222 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Mus. p. 27, 1913 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes,
vol. i, p. 215, pi. xxiv, 1895; Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns
Ind. Mus. p. 46, 1908; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 302, 1910, ed. 7, p. 300, 1914 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 921; Wroughton, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xxi,
pp. 825 and 1194, 1912 ; Dodsworth, ibid. vol. xxii, p. 747, 1914.

Tetraceros iodes and paccerois, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist.
vol. viii, p. 90, 1847.
Including : —

Antilope sub-4-cornutus, Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 225,
pi. iv, fig. 2, 1839.

Tetraceros subquadricornis, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 159,
1843 ; Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 170.

Tetraceros subquadricornutus, Hodgson, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist.
vol. viii, p. 89, 1847 ; Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 70, 1850,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 117, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 70,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 19, 1872, Hand-List Rumi-
nants Brit. Mus. p. 89, 1873 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit.
Mus. p. 225, 1862; Fitzinger, Sitzber. 7c. Ak. Wiss. Wien,
vol. lix, pt. i, p. 170, 1869; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 527 ; Garrod, ibid. 1877, p. 4.

Tetraceros quadricornis typicus, Sclater and Thomas, Boole of
Antelopes, vol. i, p. 215, 1895.

CHOUSINGHA; FOUR-HORNED ANTELOPE.

Typical locality the plains of Peninsular India, to which
area the species is restricted.

Size small and build delicate; shoulder-height about
25 inches. General colour dull rufous brown, passing, with-
out a sharp line of demarcation, into whitish on under-parts ;
muzzle, backs of ears and a line down front of limbs blackish
brown ; fronts and sides of pasterns whitish, and occasionally
a pair of whitish spots on each cheek. Basal length of skull
6 J inches, maximum width 2J, interval between muzzle and
orbit 3J- inches. Fine specimens of the posterior pair of
horns measure from 3 j to 4J inches in length, and there is
one example stated to measure 5 inches. In three examples
with posterior horns of 4J inches, the respective measure-
ments of the front horns are 2J, 2 J, and 2 j inches.

37. 6. 10. 68 (628, a). Frontlet and horns. Guna.

Presented ly Col. J. Evans, 1837.
628,5. Frontlet and horns. Same locality. Same history.

38. 10. 29. 24 (628, d). Imperfect skull, with horns.
India. Presented ly J. A. Reeve, Esq., 1838.

43. 1. 12. 86. Skull, with horns, and akin. Northern
India Presented ly B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1843.

TRAGELAPHIN^l 223

43. 1. 12. 87. Skin. Northern India. Same history.
45. 1. 8. 141 (628, c). Frontlet and horns. Northern
India. Same donor, 1845.

45. 1. 8. 363. Skin, female. Northern India.

Same history.

FIG. 35.— SKULL AND HOBNS OF FOUB-HOBNED ANTELOPE
(Tetracerus quadricornis).

56. 9. 22. 11. Skull, with horns. Northern India;

collected by General Abbott. Purchased, 1856.

58. 5. 4. 41 (628, /). Skeleton. Zoological Society's

Museum. Purchased, 1858.

63. 5. 8. 4. Skin, mounted. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1863.
69. 3. 5. 1. Skin, immature female, mounted. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1869.

224 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

89. 11. 20. 18. Frontlet and horns. Guna.

Presented by Col. J. Evans, 1889.
2. 8. 14. 3. Skull, with horns. Central Provinces.

Presented by Mrs. Bellew, 1902.
8. 2. 18. 1. Skin. Indore, Central India.

Presented by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1908.

11. 11. 13. 1. Skin, mounted. Central Provinces.
Presented by the Bombay Natural History Society, 1911.

12. 10. 31. 94-96. Three skulls, with horns. India.

Bequeathed by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.

The following specimens represent the so-called T. sub-
quadricornutus ; if all belong to the same form, the widely
sundered localities of the first and last render it improbable
that they indicate a local race.

884, c (43, a). Skull, with horns, and skin. Southern
Mahratta country. Type of T. subquadricornutus.

Presented by Sir Walter Elliot.
884, d (43, d). Skull and skin, female. Same locality.

Same history.

46. 11. 6. 19 (884,6). Skull, with horns, and skin.
Eastern Ghats, Madras.

Presented by Surgeon- General T. C. Jerdon, 1846.

46. 11. 6. 22 (47. 1. 25. 16 and 884, a). Skull and skin,

female. Same locality. Same history.

98. 6. 3. 3. Imperfect skull, with horns. Gir Forest,

Kathiawar. Presented by Lieut.-CoL L. L. Fenton, 1898.

VI. Genus BOSELAPHUS.

Boselapkus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75 ; Sclater and
Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 91, 1900; Max Weber,
Sdugethiere, p. 675, 1904; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910,
p. 926.

Portax, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 366, 1827 ;
JRutimeyer, Abli. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 54, 1877.

Buselaphus, Beichenbach, Sdugethiere, vol. iii, p. Ill, 1845.

Bosephalus, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. Ind. Co. p. 169, 1851,
errorim.

Distinguished from the preceding genus by the much
larger bodily size of the single species, the smaller face-

TRAGELAPHIN.fc 225

glands and lachrymal pits ; the absence of glands in the hind
lateral hoofs, the single pair of short and distinctly keeled
horns, which are restricted to males, and the taller crowns
of the upper molars, which have an additional column on
the inner side; withers considerably higher than hind-
quarters; tail reaching to hocks, more or less fringed at
sides, but not distinctly tufted at tip. Sexes unlike in
colour, with tragelaphine markings partially developed.
The range is restricted to the plains of Peninsular India.

BOSELAPHUS TKAGOCAMELUS.

Antilope tragocamelus, Pallas, Misc. Zool. p. 5, 1766, Spicil. Zool.
fasc. i, p. 9, 1767, xii, p. 13, 1777 ; Gatterer, Brev. Zool. pt. i,
p. 80, 1780; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxii, 1784; Boddaert,
Elenchus Anim. p. 140, 1785 ; Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 184, 1788 ; Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 308, 1792 ;
Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i, p. 625, 1792 ; Forster, Zool.
Ind. p. 39, 1795 ; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4,
1795 ; Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch. p. 99, 1795 ; Bechstein, Syst.
Uebersicht vierfiiss. Thiere, vol. ii, p. 77, 1799; Shaw, Gen.
Zool. vol. ii,pt. 2, p. 329, 1801 ; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i,
p. 112, 1802; Tiedemann, Zoologie, vol. i, p. 409, 1808; G.
Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii, p. 412 1814 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta
Soc. Upsal, vol. vii, p. 220, 1815 ; Cuvier, Eegne Animal, vol. i,
p. 264, 1817 ; Schinz, Cuvier's Thierreich, vol. i, p. 396, 1821 ;
F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii, livr. xlvi, pis. 339, 340,
1824 ; Masson, Cuvier' s Eegne Anim. p. 316, 1836.

Antilope albipes, Erxleben, Syst. Eegn. Anim. p. 280, 1777 ; Gatterer,
Brev. Zool. pt. i, p. 81, 1780; G. Fischer, Zoognosia, vol. iii,
p. 411, 1814.

Antilope leucopus, Zimmermann, Spec. Zool. Geogr. p. 541, 1777 ;
Forster, Zool. Ind. p. 39, 1795, Descrip. Anim. p. 377, 1844.

Antilope picta, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xii, p. 14, 1777 ; Pennant,
Quadrupeds, p. 74, pi. vii, 1781 ; Schreber, Sdugthiere, pi. cclxiii
and cclxiii B, 1784 ; Boddaert, Elenchus Anim. p. 141, 1785 ;
Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 184, 1788; Kerr, Linn.'s
Anim. Kingdom, p. 309, 1792 ; Donndorff, Zool. Beytrdge, vol. i,
p. 625, 1792 ; Latham and Davies, Faunula Indica, p. 4, 1795 ;
Link, Beytrdge Naturgesch, p. 99, 1795; Cuvier, Tabl. Elem.
Hist. Nat. p. 163, 1798; Bechstein, Syst. Uebersicht vierfiiss.
Thiere, vol. ii, p. 78, pi. ix, 1799 ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. ii, pt. 2,
p. 327, 1801; Turton, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 112, 1802;
Cuvier, Diet. Sci. Nat. vol. ii, p. 248, 1804, Eegne Animal, vol. i,
p. 264, 1817 ; Afzelius, Nova Acta Soc. Upsal. vol. vii, p. 220,
1815; Goldfuss, Schreber's Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1159, 1818;
Desmoulins, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i, p. 447, 1822 ; Schinz,
Abbild. Sdugeth. p. 355, pi. clxi, 1824, Synop. Mamm. vol. ii,
p. 449, 1845 ; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iii, livr. xlvi,
pis. 339, 340, 1824 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm. p. 476, 1829 ;

III. Q

226 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Bennett, Gardens and Menagerie Zool. Soc. vol. i, p. 125, 1830 ;
Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 105 ; Masson, Cuvier's Regne
Anim. vol. i, p. 318, 1836 ; Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 37,
Anat. Vertebrates, vol. iii, p. 633, 1868 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus.
Zool. Soc. p. 42, 1838.

Antilope (Bubalis) tragocamelus, Lichtenstein, Mag. nat. Freunde,
vol. vi, p. 164, 1814.

Cemas tragocamelus, 0~ken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschiclite, vol. iii, pt. 2,
p. 729, 1816.

Cemas picta, Oken, op. cit. 1816.

Boselaphus pictus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 75 ; Des-
marest, Mammalogie, vol. ii, p. 471, 1822; Lesson, Man. Mamm.
p. 384, 1827, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim. p. 181, 1842; Oervais,
Diet. Sci. Nat., Suppl. vol. i, p. 266, 1840.

Boselaphus albipes, Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. ed. 2, vol. ii,
p. 199, pi. xxxiii, fig. 2, 1816.

Damalis risia, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 363,
1827 ; Elliot, Madras Journal, vol. x, p. 226, 1839.

Damalis (Portax) risia, H. Smith, op. cit. vol. v, p. 366, 1827.

Damalis picta, Brookes, Cat. Mamm. p. 64, 1828.

Portax picta, Lesson, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. x, p. 304, 1836 ; Jar dine,
Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iv, p. 182, pi. xxi, 1836 ; Gray,
List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 154, 1843, List Osteol. Brit. Mus.
p. 59, 1847 ; Wagner, Schreber's Sdugthiere, Suppl. vol. iv,
p. 467, 1844, vol. v, p. 450, 1855 ; Reichenbach, Sdugethiere,
vol. iii, p. 148, 1845 ; Hutton, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv,
p. 150, 1846 ; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. India Mus. p. 170, 1850 ;
Jerdon, Mamm. India, p. 272, 1867 ; Fitzinger, Sitzber. h. A~k.
Wiss. Wien, vol. lix, pt. 1, p. 181, 1869 ; McMaster, Notes on
Jerdon, p. 122, 1870; Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, vol. i,
p. 55, 1876, ser. 2, p. 93, 1885 ; Sterndale, Mamm. India, p. 479,
1884 ; JentinJc, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, vol. ix)
p. 141, 1887, Cat. Mamm. Leyden Mus. (op. cit. vol. xi) p. 173,
1892, Percy, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. ii,
p. 353, 1894.

Tragelaphus hippelaphus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 138 ;
Ruppell, Verzeichniss Mus. Senckenberg. vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 181,
1842.

Portax tragelaphus, Sundevall, K. SvensTca Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844,
p. 198, 1846 ; corrected to tragocamelus, p. 315, 1847.

Antilope (Damalis) picta, Schinz, Mon. Antilop. p. 44, pi. xlix, 1848.

Portax tragocamelus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 146, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 28, pi. xxix, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus.
p. 141, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 51, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 121, 1873 ; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858,
p. 523 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 247, 1862 ;
Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, p. 165, 1863.

Antilope (Cephalophus) picta, Giebel, Sdugethiere, p. 323, 1853-55.

Antilope (Bubalus) picta, Laurillard, Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 625, 1861.

Boselaphus tragocamelus, Sclater, List Anim. Zool. Gardens, p. 137,
1883 ; Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg.
pt. ii, p. 260, 1884 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii,

TRAGELAPIIINyK 227

p. 154, 1891 ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. India, Mamm. p. 345,
1891 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 345, 1891 ;
Lydekker, Horns and Hoofs, p. 145, 1893, Game Animals of
India, etc. p. 164, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 27,
1913 ; Sclater and Thomas, Book of Antelopes, vol. iv, p. 93,
pi. Ixxxvii, 1900 ; Bentham, Cat. Asiat. Horns Ind. Mus. p. 44,
1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 303, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 301, 1914; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 926; Dodsworth,
Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xxii, p. 747, 1914.

NILGAI.

Typical locality plains of Peninsular India ; to which
area the species is restricted, the range not including the
trans-Indus districts, Eastern Bengal, or Malabar.

Shoulder-height about 4 feet 6 inches.

General colour iron-grey, tending to black on nose,
cheeks, and neck, and to whitish grey above eyes ; generally
two spots on each cheek, lips, chin, and under surface of
lower jaw, a gorget on throat, inner sides and backs of hains,
a patch in region of groin, sides and under surface of tail,
and two pairs of spots on pasterns above hoofs white, the
upper hind spots sometimes forming a half -ring ; ears greyish
white, with a pair of black spots on outer edge in front ;
under-parts, with the exception of the region of the groin
and a narrow median streak, and greater part of limbs,
together with a tuft of long hair on throat, black ; neck with
a short black and white mane, terminating in a whorl on
withers, behind which it is continued as a black spinal crest,
gradually decreasing in height towards tail. Female smaller
and slighter, with the iron-grey and black areas of male
replaced by tawny fawn.

Fine horns measure from 8 to 10 (in one instance) inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 6 J to 9 J, and a tip-to-tip
interval ranging from 3£ to 8 inches.

648, a. Skin, mounted. India. Purchased ( Warwick).

648, a1. Skull, with horns. India. Figured in Gray's
Cat. Ungulata, p. 141, fig. 2. Purchased, before 1852.

47. 5. 17. 20 (648, a). Skin, young. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1847.

50. 11. 22. 168 (648, b). Skeleton. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1850.

648, c. Skull, with horns, immature. India.

Purchased, about 1850.
Q 2

228

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

56. 9. 22. 10 (658, d1). Skull, with horns. India, pro-
bably Punjab; collected by Gen. Abbott. Purchased, 1856.
60. 4. 22. 1 (548, «). Skull, female. India.

Purchased (Stevens), 1860.

89. 11. 20. 10-12. Three frontlets, with horns. Khat-
kote Jungle, Central Provinces.

Presented by Col J. Evans, 1889

FIG. 36. — HEAD OP NILGAI (Boselaphus tragocamelus).

91. 4. 20. 1. Head, mounted. South of Mhow.

Presented ly Gr. A Carmichael, Esq., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 49. Skull, with horns. Kheri, Oude.

Presented ly A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1891.
91. 8. 7. 50. Skull, with horns. Allyghur (Alighur).

Same history.
91. 8. 7. 51. Skull, with horns. Baraitch.

Same history.

T RAG EL A PI 1 1 N.i: 229

96. 10. 27. 1. Skin, mounted. India.

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1896.

12. 31. 10. 15. Skull, with horns. Oude. In this

specimen, which stands No. 10 in Ward's 1910 list, the

horns measure 9 inches in length by 6f in girth, with a

tip-to-tip interval of 3J inches.

Bequeathed by A. 0. Hume, Esq., C.B., 1912.
12. 31. 10. 16. Skull, with horns. Oude. Same history.

FAMILY II.— ANTILOCAPRID^.

Closely allied to the Bovidcv, but the horns, which are
of the same general type as those of that family, forked and
annually deciduous. Lyon,* following Cope, considers that
there is no sufficient reason for separating the one existing
genus by which this family is represented from the Bovidce.
" Its true position," he remarks, " is clearly no more than an
aberrant subfamily, Antilocaprince of the Bovidce, . . . the
essential, characters of the subfamily being horns deciduous,
with a characteristic branch or prong in front, and absence
of annual rings of growth at base of horn."

On the other hand, Matthew, f after first provisionally
referring it to a separate family — Merycodontidce — apparently
considers that the American Tertiary genus Merycodus, which
has antlers instead of horns, should be included in the
Antilocapridce. Certain other North American Tertiary
(Pleistocene) ruminants, described as Ilingoceros and Spheno-
phalos, and at first regarded as referable to the Tragelaphince,
have been tentatively transferred to the present family,:} the
definition of which will have to be materially modified if
any or all of the above are rightly included.

The distribution is restricted to North America.

* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxiv, p. 398, 1900.

t Butt. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xx, p. 102, 1904, and vol. xxiv,
p. 561, 1908.

J Merriam, Pub. Univ. California, Bull. Dep. Geol vol. vi, p. 292,
1911.

230 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Genus ANTILOCAPRA.

Antilocapra, Ord, Journ. PTiys. vol. Ixxxvii, p. 149, 1818; Elliot
Synop. Mamm. N. Amer. (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii) p. 43,
1901; Matthew, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xx, p. 102,
1904, vol. xxiv, p. 561, 1908 ; Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.
xxiv, p. 397, 1908 ; PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 935 ; Miller,
List N. Amer. Mamm. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 79), p. 393,
1912.

Dicranocerus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 169,
vol. v, p. 322,* 1827.

Horns (absent or rudimentary in females) forked on the
front edge at about one-third their height, upright, compressed
at base, terminally conical and recurved, smooth and devoid
of rings of growth throughout their length ; muffle hairy,
with the exception of a narrow line between nostrils; no
face-glands or inguinal glands, but a median dorsal gland on
loins, and glands in both pairs of hoofs ; hair stiff, coarse,
and bristly, usually elongated on nape of neck into a short
mane, and erectile and eversible on rump ; tail very short ;
lateral hoofs wanting.

Distribution that of the single species.

ANTILOCAPKA AMEKICAKA.

Antilope americana, Ord, Guthrie's Geography, 2nd Amer. ed. pp. 292
and 308, 1815.

Cervus hamatus, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, p. 73.

Antilocapra americana, Ord, Journ. Phys. vol. Ixxxvii, p. 149, 1818,
vol. Ixxxviii, p. 314, 1819, OJcen's Isis, 1819, p. 1105 ; Gray, List
Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 58, 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1,
vol. xviii, p. 232, 1846, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 137, Knowsley
Menagerie, p. 19, 1850, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 117, 1852,
Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 63, 1872, Hand-List Ruminants
Brit. Mus. p. 135, 1873 ; Audubon and Bachman, Quadr. N.
America, vol. ii, p. 189, 1851 ; Baird, Mamm. N. America,
p. 666, 1857, Rep. U.S. Mexican Bound. Survey, vol. ii, p. 51,
1858 ; Cassin, U.S. Explor. Exped., Mamm. p. 63, 1858 ; Wein-
land, Zool. Garten, vol. iv, p. 225, 1863; Martin, ibid. vol. v,
p. 251, 1864; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 60, pi. iii;
Bartlett, ibid. 1865, p. 718 ; Canfield, ibid. 1866, p. 105 ; Coues,
Amer. Nat. vol. i, p. 539, 1868 ; Hays, ibid. vol. ii, p. 131, 1869 ;
Cooper, ibid. vol. ii, p. 537, 1869 ; Hinman, ibid. vol. ii, p. 654,
1869; Murie, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 334; Caton, Antelope

Misprinted 312.

ANTILOCAPKID^l 231

and Deer of N. America, p. 21, 1877, ed. 2, p. 21, 1884 ;
Williston, Amer. Nat. vol. xi, p. 599, 1877 ; Endlich, ibid.
vol. xii, p. 557, 1878; Cope, ibid. vol. xii, p. 557, 1878, vol.
xxii, p. 1081, 1888; Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1880, p. 540,
1882, p. 1; Alston, Biol. Centr.-Amer. p. 112, 1882; Flower
and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 277,
1884; True, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. vii, p. 592, 1885;
H. L. Ward, Science, vol. xiii, p. 70, 1889 ; Merriam, N. Amer.
Fauna, p. 78, 1890, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xiv, p. 13,
1901 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 171, 1891 ;
Marshall and Pohlig, Zool. Garten, 18&1, p. 97 ; Flower and
Lydt'kker, Study of Mammals, p. 333, 18^1 ; Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. viii, p. 52, 1896; Elliot, Synop. Mamm.
N. America (Field Mus. Zool. Pub. vol. ii), p. 43, 1901, Check-
List Mamm. N. Amer. (op. cit. vol. vi) p. 51, 1905, Cat. Mamm.
Field Mus. (op. cit. vol. viii) p. 53, 1907 ; Lydekker, Game
Animals of Europe, etc. p. 333, 1901 ; Stone and Cram, American
Animals, p. 54, 1903; Matthew, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
vol. xx, p. 104, 1904 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905, vol. i, p. 191,
1910, p. 935 ; Seton, Scribner's Mag. vol. xl, p. 33, 1906 ; Mearns,
Mamm. Mexican Bound. U.S. (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 56)
p. 224, 1907; Lyon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. xxxiv, p. 398,
1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 118, 1910, ed. 7,
p. 116, 1914; Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm. (Bull. U.S. Nat.
Mus. no. 79) p. 393, 1912.

Antilope furcifer, H. Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, p. 28, pi. iii,
1822, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 170, vol. v, p. 323,
1827.

Antilope (Dicranocerus) furcifer, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. v, pp. 322 and 323, 1827.

(?) Antilope palmata, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv,
p. 169, 1827.*

Antilocapra furcifer, Brookes, Cat. Mus. p. 64, 1828; Gray, List
Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 170, 1847.

Dicranoceros furcifer, Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 193, pi. xxii, 1835.

PRONGHORN, PRONGBUCK or AMERICAN ANTELOPE.

Typical locality the Missouri plains ; the range extending
from the valley of the Saskatchewan — lat. 53 N. — south-
wards to Mexico, and from the plains of the Missouri west-
wards to the Eocky Mountains and the Cascade Range in
Oregon and Washington.

Somewhat antelope-like, with relatively long limbs;
shoulder-height about 36 inches ; general colour yellowish
rufous, with a band on forehead between eyes, a patch below
each ear, and nose sooty brown ; lips, chin, sides of lower part
of head, three bands on throat and chest, the first of which

* If identical with this species, the locality (Baffin Bay) must be
wrong.

232 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

extends to base of ears, a large rump-patch, and under-parts
white.

The three closely allied races into which the species has
been divided are distinguished as follows :—

A. Ears bordered above with narrow black line ;

rufous of tail extending part way into ruinp-
patch.

a. Colour deeper; mane well developed A. a. americana.

b. Colour paler ; mane rudimentary or wanting A. a. mexicana.

B. Ears with heavy black border and white terminal

third blackish externally ; rufous of tail
extending forwards to join that of back, and
thus completely dividing rump-patch A. a.peninsularia.

A.— Antiloeapra amerieana americana.

Antilocapra americana americana, Miller, List N. Amer. Ma/mm.
p. 393, 1912.

Typical locality as above.

General colour bright and deep ; margins of upper part
of ears narrowly bordered with black ; inane well developed ;
rufous of tail intruding into hind half of rump-patch, but
not dividing it into two halves.

Fine horns measure from 15 to 17£ (in one case 19) inches
in length, with a basal girth of from 5J to 6J (7J in one
case), and a tip-to-tip interval ranging from 5J to 17J inches.

43. 11. 28. 3 (625,?)). Skin, immature, mounted. North
America. Presented by the Hudson Bay Company, 1843.

46. 3. 17. 11. Skull, female, immature. North America.
From an old skin (No. 43. 11. 28. 2). Same history.

60. 2. 5. 11. Skull, with horns. North America.

Purchased (Gerrard), 1860.

60. 2. 5. 12. Skull, with horns. North America.

Same history.

72. 5. 6. 3. Skin, female, mounted, and skeleton. North
America. Purchased (Zoological Society), 1852.

72. 12. 12. 2. Skin, mounted. Yellowstone.

Purchased (H. Ward), 1872.

76. 3. 15. 4. Skeleton, with horns, mounted. Yellow-
stone. Purchased (If. Ward), 1876.

ANTILOCAPKIIU*:

91. 9. 1. 1. Head, mounted. Cabin Creek, Upper Yellow-
stone Valley, Montana ; collected by E. S. Cameron, Esq.

Purchased, 1891.

91. 9. 1. 2. Head, female, mounted. Same locality and
collector. Same history.

FIG. 37. — HEAD OF PRONGHORN OR PRONGBUCK (Antilocapra americana).

96. 2. 15. 1-2. Two frontlets, male and female, with
horns. Elkhead Creek, Colorado.

Presented ly A. W. W. Brown, Esq., 1896.
5. 2. 12. 1. Head, female, mounted. North America.

Presented ly J. Turner Turner, Esq., 1905.
5. 5. 14. 1. Head, mounted (fig. 37). North America.
Presented by Capt. C. Pearson, 1905.

234 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

B. — Antilocapra amerieana mexicana.

Antilocapra amerieana mexicana, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
vol. xiv, p. 34, 1901 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of Europe, etc.
p. 338, 1901 ; Elliot, List Mamm. Field Mus. p. 53, 1907 ; Miller,
List N. Amer. Mamm. p. 394, 1912.

Typical locality Sierra en Media, Chihuahua, Mexico.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Colour paler than in typical race, and mane rudimentary
or wanting.

89. 12. 7. 26. Skin, mounted, and skull. Mexico,
probably Sonora. Presented by the Mexican Museum, 1889.

C. — Antiloeapra amerieana peninsularis.

Antilocapra amerieana peninsularis, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash-
ington, vol. xv, p. 107, 1912; Miller, List N. Amer. Mamm*
p. 394, 1912.

Typical locality Lower California.

Type in U.S. National Museum, Washington.

Colour much as in typical race, but ears distinctly darker,
with broad black margins in .the upper third, the whole
surface of which has a blackish suffusion, and rufous of tail
extending forwards to join that of back, so as completely to
divide rump-patch.

No specimen in collection.

FAMILY III— GIRAFFID.E.

Large-sized Pecora in which the paired cranial appendages
take the form of short, persistent, reclined, skin-covered
conical prominences, capped in one genus with bare bone ;
such appendages being present either in both sexes or in
males alone. Upper canines wanting; lower canines with
cleft, bilobate crowns (fig. 38); cheek-teeth more or less
brachyodont, with rugose enamel. Basicranial axis nearly
straight (instead of fore portion being sharply bent down-

GIKAFFID.I; 235

wards, as in Bovidce and Antilocapridcc). Lateral toes and
their supporting metapodials * wanting.

Gall-bladder normally absent, at least in typical genus.f
Placenta with numerous cotyledons. Vertebrae : c. 7,
D. 14, L. 5, s. 3, c. 20. Dentition : i. g, c. $, p. J, m. f .

FIG. 38.— LOWER FRONT TEETH OF ELK (A)

AND GIRAFFE (B), to show the difference

in the form of the canine.

Distribution restricted at the present day to Ethiopian
Africa ; but during the early Pliocene including Greece,
Samos, Bessarabia, Persia, India, China, etc.

The two existing genera are distinguishable as follows :—

A. Size very large ; neck and limbs greatly elongated ; horns

in both sexes ; males larger than females ; ears narrow ;
coloration in the shape of large dark blotches, or
" spots," separated by lighter intervals of varying width Giraffa.

B. Size smaller ; neck and limbs of more normal proportions ;

horns present only in males, which are smaller than
females ; ears broad ; coloration uniform on greater
portion of body, striped on hind-quarters and legs OJcapia.

* = metacarpals + metatarsals.

t See Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 4. Owen had previously
recorded the occurrence of a gall-bladder in one giraffe dissected by
him. The viscera of the okapi are unknown.

236 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

I. Genus GIRAFFA.

Giraffa, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii, p. 125, 1780 ; Storr,
Prodromus Meth. Mamrn. p. 41, 1780 ; Major, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1891, p. 315 ; W. L. Sclater, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm. vol. i,
p. 259, 1900 ; Lankester, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. xiv, p. 303, 1902 ;
Pocock, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 936.

Camelopardalis, Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 181, 1788;
Riitimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. iv, p. 27, 1877.

Orasius, Oken, Lehrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii, pt. 2, p. 744, 1816 ;
Wagner, Sitzber. K. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. vol. ii, p. 78, 1861.

The typical genus.

Size very large, neck and limbs greatly elongated, so
that the height to the crown of the head may reach 17 or
18 feet; males larger than females; a pair of fronto-parietal
horns, surmounted by tufts of hair, in both sexes, and
typically, an unpaired anterior horn ; ears narrow ; skull
relatively deep, without lachrymal depressions, but with
small lachrymal vacuities, which become more or less nearly
obliterated in old individuals ; no glands on face, in groin,
or between hoofs ; four teats ; coloration either a network of
white or whitish lines on a rufous, tawny, or dark brown
ground, or brown blotches on a fawn ground, the one type
of pattern gradually passing into the other; tail medium,
tufted.

Distribution, at the present day, the greater part of
Ethiopian Africa, exclusive of the equatorial forest region
and the country south of the Orange Eiver. In the Lower
Pliocene Greece, Samos, Bessarabia, Persia, northern India,
and China.

I. GIBAFEA KETICULATA.

Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, de Winton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
ser. 7, vol. iv, p. 211, 1899 ; Trouessart, La Nature, vol. xxx,
p. 340, 1908.

Giraffa reticulata, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. i, p. 476;
Major, ibid. 1902, vol. ii, p. 78 ; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays,
p. 101, 1904 ; Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 204,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 374, 1908, Suppl. p. 5, 1902; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 117, 1910; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 1, pi. ii, fig. 2,
1911.

GIKAFFID.E

237

Giraffa reticulatus, Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 125.
?) Giraffa hagenbecki, Knottncrus -Meyer, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxv, p. 800,

1910; If. tie Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.

ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 12, 1911 (as a form of reticulata) ; Lydekker,

Game Animals of Africa, Suppl. p. 20, 1911.

Typical locality southern Somaliland, whence the range
extends to Gallaland, and, through the Lake Eudolf district,
to the Guaso-nyiro, British East Africa, and perhaps to
Kenia.

General colour typically deep liver-red, marked with a
coarse net-work of narrow white lines, the subquadrangular

FIG. 39. — SKULL OF NETTED GIRAFFE (Giraffa reticulata).
From de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907.*

meshes of which gradually decrease in size towards the
head, although they are everywhere large ; on the head the
red areas change to rounded chestnut spots on a fawn ground ;
backs of ears white, as are shanks (in adult males), the
hind pair more or less spotted superiorly, especially in
females. Anterior horn well developed (fig. 39). The
essential feature of the colour-pattern is, so to speak, the
superposition of a coarse white network on a liver-red
ground, so that it cannot be described as spotted.
* There named G. camelopardalis.

238 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

As tins type of colouring is but an extreme development
of that of the typical race of camelopardalis, there are grounds
for regarding reticulata as a race of the former rather than as
a distinct species. On the other hand, there appears to be no
evidence of gradation between reticulata and camelopardalis
in those parts of British East Africa where they occupy
contiguous areas.

The so-called G. hageribecki was named on the evidence of
an immature female from Gallaland, living in Hagenbeck's
menagerie at Stellingen. The general colour is described as
lustreless brown ; the dark areas becoming smaller on the
thighs and legs, and the shanks being spotted on the sides
and backs. As remarked by Eothschild and Neuville, these
features are certainly not of specific, even if they be of
racial value.

Two races have been named, and are distinguished as
follows : —

A. Dark areas large and uniform liver-red, with or

without a small central white spot G. r. reticulata.

B. Dark areas smaller and brownish rufous, with a

black suffusion and a central blackish streak or

star G. r. nigrescens.

A.— Giraffa retieulata reticulata.

Colouring that given under heading of species.
Typical locality Somaliland.

97. 1. 30. 1. Skull. East Loroghi Mountains, B. E.
Africa. Presented ~by A. H. Neumann, Esq., 1897.

98. 3. 28. 1. Skin of upper part of head and neck. Same
locality. Same donor, 1898.

98. 4. 28. 1. Skull and head-skin. N. E. Africa.

Presented ty H. S. H. Cavendish, Esq., 1898.
98. 7. 2. 6. Skull, head-skin, tail, and one hoof. Near
Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa.

Bequeathed l)y H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.

98. 7. 2. 7. Tail. Same locality. Same history.

99. 7. 8. 5. Skull and head-skin. One hundred miles
east of Loroghi. Presented by the Lord Delamere, 1899.

99. 7. 8. 6. Head and neck, mounted. East Central
Africa. Same history.

GIUAFFID^K

239

7. 12. 16. 2. Skin of back and tail. Southern Abyssinia.
Presented ~by J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1907.
12. 2. 24. 1-2. Two skulls and skins, immature.
Archer's Post, Guaso-nyiro, B. E. Africa.

Presented ~by the Game- War den, B. E. Africa, 1912.

FIG. 40. — HEAD AND NECK OP BABINGO GIRAFFE (Qiraffa camelopardalis
rothschildi), A, and of NETTED GIRAFFE (Giraffa reticulata), B.

12.2.24.3. Skin, young. Same locality. Same history.
12. 2. 24. 4-5. Two head-skins. Same locality.

Same history.

B.— Giraffa reticulata nigrescens.

Giraffa reticulata nigrescens, LydeMer, Nature, vol. Ixxxvii, p. 484,
1911.

Typical locality British East Africa, probably the district
north of Mount Kenia.

240 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Lines of white network rather wider than in typical race,
and the dark areas rather smaller, and brownish rufous in
colour, with a suffusion of blackish, and a distinct blackish
streak or star in the centre of each.

11. 10. 23. 1. Portion of skin from the fore part of the
body (cut from a mounted head and neck). B. E. Africa.
Type. Some of the B. E. African specimens entered under
the head of the typical race may belong to this form, if
distinct. Presented ly E. Lydekker, Esq., 1911.

II. GIRAFFA CAMELOPAEDALIS.

Cervus camelopardalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 66, 1758,
ed. 12, vol. i, p. 92, 1766.

Giraffa camelopardalis, Zimmermann, Geogr. Geschichte, vol. ii,
p. 125, 1780; Storr, Prodromus Meth. Mamm. p. 41, 1780;
Schreber, Sdugthiere, vol. v, p. 1139, pis. cclv and cclv*, 1784 ;
Kerr, Linn.'s Anim. Kingdom, p. 305, 1792 ; Lesson, Man.
Mamm. p. 369, 1827 ; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 181,
1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 65, 1872, Hand-List
Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 135, 1873 ; Flower and Garson, Cat.
Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 281, 1884; Flower and
Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 331, 1891 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat.
Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 171, 1891, Fauna S. Africa, Mamm.
vol. i, p. 259, 1900 ; Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 316 ; Jack-
son, Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr.), vol. i, p. 275, 1894 ;
Matschie, Sdugeth. Deutsch-Ostafrika, p. 315, 1895 ; de Winton,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 276 ; Lydekker, Great and Small Game
of Africa, p. 488, 1899, Suppl. p. 2, 1902; Hutchinson's Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 122, 1903, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 202,
vol. ii, p. 339, Game Animals of Africa, p. 350, 1908 ; Thomas,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 475 ; Powell-Cotton, Unknown
Africa, p. 552, 1904 ; Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 101, 1904 ;
Elliot, Cat. Mamm. Field Mus. (Zool. Pub. Field Mus. vol. viii)
p. 52, 1907; Scherren, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1908, p. 403; Ward,
Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910 ; Pocock, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1910, p. 936; Cabrera, Cat. Met. Mam. Madrid Mus.
p. 129, 1912.

Camelopardalis 'giraffa, Gmelin, Linn.'s Syst. Nat. vol. i, p. 181,
1788; Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. p. 104, 1811 ; G. Fischer,
Zoognosia, vol. hi, p. 473, 1814; Desmarest, Nouv. Diet. Hist.
Nat. vol. i, p. 164, 1817 ; F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol. iv,
pi. 412 (332), 1824 ; I. Geoffroy, Diet. Class. Hist. Nat. vol. i,
p. 355, 1825; Cretzschmar, Atlas to RiippelUs Reise nordlich.
Afrika, p. 23, pis. viii and ix, 1826 ; E. Geoffroy, Ann. Sci. Nat.
vol. xi, p. 222, 1827; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom,
vol. iv, p. 150, vol. v, p. 320, 1827 ; J. B. Fischer, Synop. Mamm.
p. 455, 1830 ; Smuts, Enum. Mamm. Cap. p. 62, 1832 ; A. Smith,
S. African Quart. Journ. vol. ii, p. 184, 1834 ; Harris, Game and
Wild Anim. S. Africa, pi. xi, 1840 ; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne

OIKAI'FIIU. 241

Anim. p. 168, 1842 ; Gray, List Mamin. Brit. Mus. p. 170, 1843 ;

Sundevall, K. SvensJea Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1842, p. 243, 1844;

Heuglin, Fauna roth. Meer, p. 16, 1861, Reisen Nordost Africa,

p. 133, 1877 ; JentinJc, Cat. Osteol. Leyden Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas,

vol. ix), p. 156, 1887 ; Bryden, Nature and Sport in S. Africa,

p. 129, 1897 ; Garrod, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, pp. 2 and 4.
Orasius camelopardalis, Oken, Lchrbuch Naturgeschichte, vol. iii,

pt. 2, p. 744, 1816 ; Wagner, Sitzbcr. It. Bayer. Ak. Wiss. vol. ii,

p. 78, 1861.
Camelopardalis sethiopicus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 134,

nomen nudum.
Camelopardalis biturigum, Duvemoy, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, vol. 1

p. 47, pi. ii, 1844 (vide Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 316).

Typical locality Eastern Sudan or Southern Abyssinia.

A variable species in which the dark areas are never so
large or so red as in reticulata, while the light ones do not
form such a coarse and distinct network, and are very
frequently tawny instead of white. Typically the colour-
pattern consisting of a chestnut ground cut up into moderate-
sized and more or less ruimded patches hy a network of
light lines; the shanks white; and the anterior horn well
developed. From this type there is a gradation to one in
which the colour-pattern consist of small brownish or chest-
nut blotches on a fawn ground, the shanks fawn-coloured
and spotted down to the hoofs, and the anterior horn obsolete.

The following is a tentative " key " to the named local
races, based on males only :—

A. Anterior horn well developed.

a. Front shanks (in adult males) wholly white,

and hind ones mainly so.
a1. No occipital horns.
a2. Colour richer.

a3. Spots large on upper part of fore-
legs G. c. camelopardalis.

63. Spots becoming suddenly small on

upper part of fore-legs G. c. antiquorum.

62. Colourpaler G.c.peralta.

bl. Occipital horns present.

a*. Occipital horns small, a process over
right orbit ; spots rufous brown ;
sides of face not spotted above line
connecting eye with angle of mouth G. c. cottoni.

64. Occipital horns larger, typically no

process over right orbit ; spots
darker ; sides of face fully spotted
in sub-adult males G. c. rotliscliildi.

III. *

242 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

Z>. Shanks coloured, or spotted, or both

together.
«5. Ground-colour lighter.

a6. Spots stellate ; shanks sometimes
white, spotted superiorly, always
fully so in immature individuals ;

anterior horn medium or small G. c. tippelskirchi.

66. Spots not distinctly stellate.

a7. Anterior horn large ; shanks spotted

to hoofs G. c. congoensis.

V. Anterior horn smaller ; shanks

uniformly fawn G. c. thornicrofti*

65. Ground-colour darker G. c. infumata.

B. Anterior horn rudimentary or obsolete ;
shanks coloured and fully spotted.

a. Occipital horns strongly developed, colour-

pattern substellate G. c. wardi.

b. Occipital horns (so far as known) obsolete,
a'. Colour-pattern approximating to the

netted type G. c. angolensis*

V . Colour-pattern of the blotched type G. c. capensis.

A.— Giraffa eamelopardalis eamelopardalis.

" Nubian Giraffe," Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ii, p. 217, 1838.

Giraffa eamelopardalis typica, Bryden, Great and Small Game of
Africa, p. 489, 1899 ; Lydekker, Suppl. to do. p. 4, 1902, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 205, pis. ix and x ; Alexander, From
Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 390, 1907 ; Trouessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 342, 1908; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6,
p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Eastern Sudan, or perhaps Abyssinia;
the range extending, according to Trouessart, into the
Timbuktu district of the Western Sudan.

Colour-pattern approximating to that of G. reticulata, but
the coloured areas smaller and sandy or chestnut, and the
light lines buffi sh white ; front of face sparsely, and sides of
same fully spotted ; large spots on shoulders and upper part
of fore-legs ; shanks white, the hind pair more or less spotted
superiorly. Anterior horn well developed, but no occipital
horns.

Two types of colour-pattern occur in the giraffes of the
Eastern Sudan, namely, that just described and the one
recorded under the next heading, but which represents the
typical C. giraffa of Linnaeus, it is impossible to decide.

GIRAFFID.E

243

Neither is there any definite information with regard to the
precise habitat of the form here identified with the typical
race.

55. 12. 26. 144. Skull, immature, female. North Africa.
Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

FIG. 41. — NUBIAN GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis
came lopardalis) .

671,c. Skeleton. North Africa. Purchased (Warwick).

73. 8. 29. 7 (671, e). Skeleton, mounted. Dembelas,
Abyssinia. Purchased (Gerrard), 1873.

74. 11. 2. 1 (671,/). Skeleton, mounted. Setit Valley,
Upper Atbara. Purchased (Gerrard), 1874.

99. 6. 18. 1. Piece of skin. Pibor Valley, Upper Sobat.
Presented ty J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1899.

ii 2

244 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

1. 5. 14. 1. Skull, female. White Nile.

Presented by Major H. N. Dunn, 1901.

2. 11. 12. 1. Skull, two pieces of body-skin, tail, and
fore-legs, with hoofs, female. Kodok (Fashoda), White.

Presented ly Prince Henri of Liechtenstein, 1902.

2. 11. 13. 1. Piece of skin. Mongalla, Southern Sudan;

collected by A. L. Butler, Esq. Purchased, 1902.

2. 11. 13. 2. Skull. Eastern Sudan; same collector.

Same history.

3. 8. 13. 1. Head and neck, mounted. Eastern Sudan.

Presented ly the Duke of Bedford, K.G., 1903.

B.— Giraffa eamelopardalis antiquorum.

(?) Camelopardalis sennaarensis, E. Geoffroy, quoted by Gray.

Camelopardalis antiquorum, Swainson, Geogr. and Classif. Anim.
p. 95, 1835, ex Cretzschmar ; Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm.
vol. iii, p. 187, pi. xxi, 1835.

(?) Camelopardalis giraffa, var. sethiopica, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-
Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 174, 1846 ; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
p. 136.

Giraffa eamelopardalis antiquorum, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904,
vol. i, p. 205, pi. xi, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 236,
1908 ; Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 120, figs. 42 and 43 ;
Mitchell, ibid. 1908, p. 135 ; Trouessart, La Nature, vol. xxx,
p. 341, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Kordofan.

Nearly allied to the last, but the spots on the upper part
of the fore-limbs — just above the line of the abdomen — and
also those on the corresponding portion of the thighs, broken
up into a number of very small and irregular ones, which
contrast strongly with the larger ones above ; similar spots
also occurring on the under-parts and inner sides of the
limbs, which are nearly white in the typical race. In both
forms the colour-pattern of the females differs only in details
from that of the males.

The specimen figured by Jardine, which is stated to
have come from the district between Sennar and Dafur
(i.e. practically Kordofan), may be taken as the type, since
Cretzschmar's description, on which Swainson's name is
based, is insufficient. That the colour-pattern in Jardine' s

GIKAFFID.-E

245

specimen was not an individual peculiarity, is indicated by
its reappearance in the Kordofan example shown in fig. 42>
which was living in London between 1902 and 1904.*

FIG. 42. — KORDOFAN GIRAFFE (Qiraffa camelopardalis
antiquorum).

13. 6. 1. 1. Skin, young, mounted. From an animal
born in London Zoological Gardens.

Presented ly the Rowland Ward Trustees, 1913.

Some of the Sudani specimens entered under the heading
of the preceding race may belong to the present form.

* See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, p. 225, and 1904, vol. i, p. 206.

246 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

C.— Giraffa eamelopardalis peralta.

Giraffa eamelopardalis peralta, Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1898, p. 40 ;
LydeJcJcer, ibid. 1904, vol. i, p. 226, 1905, vol. i, p. 119, pi. xii,
figs. 1 and 2, Game Animals of Africa, p. 356, 1908 ; Alexander,
From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 390, 1907 ; Trouessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908 ; Ward, Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116,
1910.

Typical locality Southern Nigeria, south-east of the
junction of the Benue with the Niger.

Allied to the Nubian race, but distinguished by its paler
coloration — especially on the head — and its more numerous
and differently arranged spots, a characteristic feature being
the white, sparsely spotted occipital region, and the presence
of a large fawn-coloured patch below the ears, covering an
area which is white in the Nubian race, and in other races
marked with small spots.

98. 2. 18. 1. Skull and two bones of right fore and of
left hind limb. South-east of the junction of the Benue
with the Niger ; collected by E. Hume McCorquodale, Esq.
Type. Presented by W. Hume McCorquodale, Esq., 1898.

4. 11. 2. 2. Skull, limb-bones, and skin of head and
neck. Nigeria. Described and figured by the present
writer, op. cit. 1905. Presented ly Capt. G. B. Gosling, 1904.

6. 2. 12. 1. Skull and head-skin, young. Twenty-five
miles north of Yola, Nigeria.

Presented ly W. T. Gowers, Esq., 1906.

6. 2. 12. 2. Skull. Same locality. Same history.

7. 7. 8. 255. Skull and head-skin. Shari Valley;
collected by Capt. G. B. Gosling.

Presented ly the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 7. 8. 255, a. Two pieces o?f body-skin and tail. East
of Sharna Eiver, Northern Nigeria. Same history.

8. 11. 8. 1. Skull, imperfect, six-months' calf. Maidugari,
Lake Chad ; collected by Mr. — Hall.

Presented ly J. Me. W. Pollard, Esq., 1908.
8. 8. 12. 1. Skin, immature female, mounted. Ferli
district, Senegambia. By exchange (R. Ward, Ltd.}, 1908.-
8. 8. 12. 2. Skull, skin, and hoofs. Nigeria.

Same history.

GIKAFFIDjK 247

D.— Giraffa eamelopardalis cotton i.

Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904,
vol. i, p. 207, 1905, vol. i, pi. xii, Game Animals of Africa,
p. 360, 1908 ; Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, p. 388, pi. facing
p. 387, 1904; Lankester, Proc. Zool Soc. 1907, p. 121, fig. 44;
M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9,
vol. xiii, p. 104, 1911.

Typical locality Koten Plain (2,550 feet), south of Toposa *
(about lat. 3° 50' N. by long. 34° 30' E.), Uganda, lying due
south of Lado.

Apparently in some degree intermediate between the
preceding and the following race, although nearer to the
latter, so far at least as the adult male is concerned.

Compared with rothschildi, the spots on the neck are

a

FIG. 43.— SKULL OF TOPOSA GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni).
a, Azygous orbital " horn."

chestnut-brown instead of black, and more regular and
quadrangular in form, without any tendency to be split up
by lines radiating from the centre.

4. 1. 21. 1. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 45, A, p. 255),
and skull (fig. 43). Koten Plain, south of Toposa, Uganda.
Type ; the skull has been cut, so that the frontal region is
separate from the basal portion.

Presented ly Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, 1904.

* Mis-spelt Topora in original description. Lankester, op. cit.,
gave the locality of the type as Mount Elgon.

248 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

E. — Giraffa cam el op ard alls rothschildi.

" Five-horned Giraffe," Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 474;
Johnston, Uganda Protectorate, vol. i, pp. 26 and 377, 1902.

" Giraffe," Ridewood, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 151, figs. 4, 8
and 9 ; Lankester, ibid. 1907, p. 110, figs. 33 and 34.

Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, Lydekker, Hutchinson' s Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 122, 1903, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 210,
1905, vol. i, p. 121, Game Animals of Africa, p. 358, 1908 ;
Powell-Cotton, Unknown Africa, pi. facing p. 194, 1904 ;
Duerden, Rec. Albany Mus. vol. ii, p. 95, 1907 ; Trouessart,
La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908 ; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. vol. xxvi, p. 157, fig. 2, 1909 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 116, 1910; Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 487,
1910; Hollister, Smithson. Misc. Collect, vol. Ivi, no. 2, p. 1,
1910; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.
ser. 9, vol. xiii. p. 99, 1911, partim; Cabrera, Cat. Met. Mam.
Madrid Mus. p. 129, 1912.

Typical locality Guasin-gisha Plateau, to the south-east
of Mount Elgon and west of Lake Baringo, B. E. Africa,
nearly 1° north of the equator ; the two areas being separated
by the Elgeyo Eange.

Colour (in male) very dark, the spots being nearly black,
and showing a tendency to split up into stars, as indicated
by lighter tripartite radiating lines in the larger ones ; light
interspaces (ground-colour), except on face, deep yellowish
fawn, forming a network of narrow lines on body, but
becoming much broader on neck, where the spots may
assume a more irregular and somewhat jagged outline ; sides
of face, extending posteriorly in a triangular area behind
ears (the backs of which are wholly white), whitish — and
thus sharply contrasting with the neck — and fully spotted
with black in subadult males, although in old males (fig. 40, A,
p. 239) these more or less completely disappear above a line
connecting the angle of the mouth with the eye; a spot
on legs above knees and hocks chestnut, such light spots
extending farther up on the hind than on the front
legs; shanks white and unspotted. Skull with front horn
strongly developed, and a pair of occipital horns behind the
main pair; and there may be a pair of orbital horns.*

In subadult females (if rightly associated) the spots are
reddish chestnut, and irregular, jagged, and somewhat star-

* In a specimen seen by the writer in 1914.

GIRAFFIIM-;

249

like in outline, the intervening spaces being light orange-
fawn ; light areas on neck very broad ; white space round
ears small ; sides of lace sparsely spotted.

Old females from the Guasin-gishu are stated to become
very dark-coloured ; and the males of the Baringo herd are
reported to resemble those from the typical area. If the
undermentioned Baringo female indicates a distinct form,

-
FIG. 44. — BARINGO GIRAFFE (Qiraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) .

the present race should be called the Guasin-gishu, or Elgon,
in place of the Baringo, giraffe.

98. 7. 2. 4. Head-skin and tail. One hundred miles up
the Uganda Railway, B. E. Africa.

Presented ~by H. Andrew, Esq., 1898.

98. 7. 2. 5. Skull. Mombasa. Same history.

0. 3. 18. 3. Skull and skin, female. Athi Plains, B. E.
Africa. Presented ly S. L. Hinde, Esq., 1900.

250 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

0. 3. 18. 10. Foetal skeleton, in spirit. B. E. Africa.

Same history.

1. 8. 9. 47. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 40, A, p. 239),
and skull of very old male. Guasin-gishu Plateau.

Presented by Sir H. H. Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901.

1. 8. 9. 48. Skull and head-skin. Same locality. The

skull, which has been sectionised, is figured by Eidewood,

op. cit., and also by Lankester, op. cit. Same history.

1. 8. 9. 49. Skull and head-skin. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 8. 9. 50. Skull and head-skin, female. Same locality.

Same history.

3. 4. 15. 1. Skin, mounted. Guasin-gishu Plateau ;
collected by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton. Type (fig. 44).
Subadult male.

Presented by the Hon. Walter Rothschild, 1903.
3. 4. 16. 1. Skin, female, mounted, provisionally referred
to this race. Lake Baringo ; collected by Major Powell-
Cotton. Figured in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, pi. xiii.

Same history.

F, — Giraffa eamelopardalis, subsp.

" Tana Giraffe," LydeMer, Field, vol. cxiii, p. 844, 1909.
Giraffa eamelopardalis tippelskirchi, Duerden, Ann. Albany Mus.
vol. ii, p. 96, pi. ix, 1907, nee Matschie.

Typical locality south side the Tana Kiver, south-east
of Mount Kenia, British East Africa, about 40 miles south
of the equator.

Eepresented by the mounted skin of an adult male, shot
by John Hall, Esq., and now deposited in the Ipswich
Museum, and by the mounted head and neck of a female
from the same locality in the Albany Museum, described
and figured by Duerden, loc. cit.

Allied to rothschildi, but the female as dark as the male,
with very similarly shaped spots, and the shanks of the legs
fawn-coloured and profusely spotted with tan down to the
pasterns.

No specimen in collection.

GIRAFFID/K 251

G.— GirafFa camelopardalis, subsp.

Giraffa tippelskirchi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,

p. 77, partim.
Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1905,

vol. i, p. 214, Game Animals of Africa, p. 363, 1908, partim.

Inhabits the district between the Victoria Nyanza and
Nairobi, British East Africa, and Masailand.

Nearly allied to the next race, but the shanks of adult
males wholly white ; those of females partially spotted.

Represented by the mounted skin of a female from
Masailand in the museum at Stuttgart, referred by Matschie
to tippelskirchi, and by a male from a spot about forty
miles east of the Victoria Nyanza, described and figured
on page 363 of " Game Animals of Africa."

No specimen in collection.

H.— GirafFa camelopardalis tippelskirchi.

Giraffa tippelskirchi, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898,
p. 77 ; Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.

Giraffa schillings!, Matschie, Sitzber. Ges. nat. Freunde, 1898, p. 77 ;
Noack, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.

Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Lydekker, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1894,
vol. i, p. 214, 1905, vol. i, p. 119, pi. xi, Game- Animals of Africa,
p. 361, 1908; Trouessart, La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908;
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol. xxvi, p. 159, fig. 2, 1909;
Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910; Roosevelt,
African Game Trails, p. 487, 1910; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 108, 1911.

Giraffa camelopardalis schillings!, M. de Rothschild and Neuville,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 109, 1911.

Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi, M. de Rothschild and Neuville,
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. iii, pi. ii, fig. 1, 1911, nee
Lydekker.

Typical locality Lake Eyasi, German East Africa (lat.
3° S., long. 33 E.), to the south-east of the Victoria Nyanza,
whence the range extends eastwards to Kilimanjaro, and
probably southwards into Portuguese East Africa.

Type in Berlin Museum.

Spots (in both sexes) lighter coloured than in males of
rothschildi, very irregular and jagged in outline, and often
displaying a distinctly stellate form ; shanks typically olive-

252 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

coloured and spotted down to hoofs, but in some old
individuals whitish and more or less free from spots. Skull
with the anterior horn apparently less developed than in
preceding races, and in some instances tending to disappear.

99. 10. 12. 1. Skull and skin, immature female. Komho
Valley, Kilimanjaro. Presented ly E. N. Buxton, Esq., 1899.

99. 10. 12. 2. Skull, immature. Same locality.

Same history.

1. 7. 21. 1. Head and neck, young, mounted. Kili-
manjaro. Purchased (Ward), 1901.

3. 11. 18. 1. Portion of skin. Kilimanjaro.

Presented lij J. Rowland Ward, Esq., 1903.

4. 11. 2. 2. Skin, immature female, mounted. British
East Africa. Presented ly T. F. V. Buxton, Esq., 1904.

8. 7. 5. 1. Head and neck, mounted. B. E. Africa.

Presented ty Capt. Houblon, 1908.

9. 11. 27. 1. Skull and head and skin. Sultan Hamad,
Uganda Railway, B. E. Africa.

Presented ty A. B. Percival, Esq., 1909.

I.— Giraffa camelopardalis thornierofti.

Giraffa camelopardalis thornierofti, Lydekker, Nature, vol. Ixxxvii,
p. 484, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1912, p. 771, pi. Ixxxvi.

Typical locality Petauke district, N. E. Rhodesia.

Characterised by the low and conical anterior horn, the
grey colour and scattered spotting of the sides of the face,,
the chestnut-brown forehead, deepening into black on the
tips of the horns, the absence of a distinctly stellate pattern
in the neck and body spots, which are light brown on a
yellowish fawn ground, and the uniformly tawny colour of
the shanks. It differs from tippelskirchi by the more
compact frontal horn, the brown, in place of grey, forehead,
and the uniformly fawn shanks, the latter being often whitish
in old males of tippelskirchi, but fawn and spotted in females
and young males.* This race and tippelskirchi agree (and

* Vide M. de Rothschild and H. Neuville (Ann. Sci. Nat., ZooL
ser. 9, vol. xiii, pp. 124, 129), who state that in the East African
giraffe which they describe as rothschildi, but which — despite the
locality whence it is stated to come — has all the characteristics of
tippelskirchi, these age and sex differences are observable.

thereby differ from rothschildi) in having the triangular
space between the eye and the nostril devoid of spots, but
in adult males of tippelskircfii the ground-colour of the
whole head is dirty greyish white, whereas in thornicrofti
the forehead is chestnut or umber brown, deepening into
black at the tips of the horns, which are grey in the
Kilimanjaro race.

0. 4. 3. 1. Portion of skin from hind part of body. East
bank of Loangwa Elver, N. E. Ehodesia.

Presented ly Dr. P. L. Sclater, 1900.

7. 2. 4. 5. Skull, female. Same locality.

Presented ly C. B. C. Storey, Esq., 1907.

10. 10. 17. 1. Skin, mounted. Petauke district, N. E.
Ehodesia. Type. Presented ~by H. Thornicroft, Esq., 1910.

J.— Giraffa camelopardalis eong-oensis.

Giraffa camelopardalis congoensis, LydeJcker, Hutchinson's Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 83, 1903, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 219,
Game Animals of Africa, p. 362, 1908 ; Trouessart, La Nature,
vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908 ; Scliouteden, Eev. Zool. Africaine, vol. ii,
p. 134, 1912.

Typical locality Dungu, north-east of the Welle Eiver,
Belgian Congo.*

Type in Congo Museum, Tervueren, Belgium.

Characterised by the large size and sub-quadrangular
form of the body-spots, which show no tendency to split up
into stars, the fully spotted shanks — especially the hind pair
—of which the ground-colour is grey-fawn, and the well-
developed anterior horn. The sides of the face are well
spotted, and the terminal tuft of the tail is unusually large.

No specimen in the collection.

K.— Giraffa camelopardalis infumata.

Giraffa infumata, Noaclc, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 356, 1908.
Giraffa camelopardalis infumata, LydeJcJcer, Game Animals of Africa,
Suppl. p. 20, 1911.

Typical locality Zambesi Valley, Barotsiland.

Named on the evidence of a pair of living specimens —

* In the original description the locality is given Katanga; the
error is corrected by Schouteden, loc. cit.

254 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

the male from the north and the female from the south side
of the Zambesi.

Stated to resemble capensis (infra, p. 256) in the general
character of the markings, except on the hind-legs, where,
especially in the male, the spots assume an irregular rosette-
like form; ground-colour of neck and body light smoky
brown, darker on neck ; under-parts white, with numerous
small spots ; shanks brownish ochre, finely spotted in their
upper halves. Anterior horn well developed.

No specimen in collection.

L.— Giraffa eamelopardalis angolensis.

Giraffa eamelopardalis angolensis, Lydelcker, Hutchinsori 's Animal
Life, vol. ii, p. 121, 1893, Proc. ZooL Soc. 1904, vol. i, p. 221,
pi. xiv, Game Animals of Africa, p. 365, 1908 ; Trouessart,
La Nature, vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game,
ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Typical locality Cuneni Valley, 150 miles south-west of
Humbe, Angola.

Type in Tring Museum.

Allied to capensis (infra, p. 256), but with the brown
markings of the sub-quadrangular type of those of congoensis,
and separated from one another by a network of lighter lines.
Spots on face restricted to an area below a line connecting
the lower border of eye with angle of mouth ; an indistinct
triangular white patch below ear ; body-spots large, brown,
with ill-defined margins ; a sudden break into smaller spots
at middle of thighs and on the corresponding part of fore-legs,
recalling the similar but more strongly pronounced feature in
antiquorum, which this race also resembles in the abundant
spotting of the under-parts ; ground-colour white or whitish ;
shanks tawny, profusely spotted to the hoofs. Anterior
horn represented by a low tuberosity or swelling ; whether
occipital horns were developed is not apparent.

6. 10. 26. 1. Skull and skin, the latter in fourteen
pieces. Angola. Purchased ( Ward), 1906.

GIRAFFID.E

255

M.— GirafFa camelopardalis wardi.

Giraffa camelopardalis wardi, LydeWter, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1904, 'vol. i,
p. 221, pi. xv, fig. 2, Game Animals of Africa, p. 366, 1908;
Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1906, vol. ii, p. 626 ; Lankester, ibid.
1907, p. 122 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116, 1910.

Giraffa wardi, Noaclc, Zool. Anz. vol. xxxiii, p. 355, 1908.

Typical locality Northern Transvaal.

A large dark chocolate-coloured race, with the anterior

FJG. 45. — HEAD AND NECK OF TOPOSA GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis
cottoni), A, AND OF NORTH TRANSVAAL GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelo-
pardalis wardi), B.

horn reduced to a low irregular protuberance, the occipital
horns greatly developed, and the body-spots broken up into
irregular stars, recalling those of tippelslcirchi, from which

256 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

this race (apart from the absence of a frontal horn) differs by
the dark chocolate-brown — instead of chestnut — body-spots,
the stellate form of which serves to distinguish wardi from
capensis ; spots on sides of face restricted to region below
and behind eyes ; shanks spotted.

3. 1 1. 18. 1. Head and neck, mounted (fig. 45, B), body-
skin (with limbs), and skull. Northern Transvaal. Type.
Body-skin presented In/ the Hon. Walter Rothschild,
head by J. Roivland Ward, Esq., 1903.

N.— Giraffa camelopardalis capensis.

Camelopardalis australis, Swainson, Geogr. and Classif. Anim. p. 95,

1835 ; A. Smith, Rep. Exped. Inter. Africa, p. 40, 1836 ; nomen

nudum.
Camelopardalis capensis, E. Geoff roy (?), teste Gray; Ogilby, Proc.

Zool. Soc. 1836, p. 134, nom. nudum ; Lesson, Nouv. Tabl.

Regne Anim. p. 168, 1842, ex Levaillant, Voyage Inter. Afrique,

pis. viii and ix, 1790.
Giraffa australis, Rhoads, Proc. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1896, p. 514 ;

Midler, Zool. Garten, vol. xxxvii, p. 289, 1896.
Giraffa capensis, de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897, p. 277 ; LydelcJcer,

Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 488, 1899 ; Bryden, ibid.

p. 489, 1899; Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 475;

Renshaw, Nat. Hist. Essays, p. 101, 1904; Noaclt, Zool. Am.

vol. xxxiii, p. 354, 1908.
Giraffa camelopardalis capensis, Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii,

p. 77 ; LydeMer, ibid. 1904, vol. i, p. 222, pi. xvi, vol. ii, p. 341,

Game Animals of Africa, p. 366, 1908 ; Trouessart, La Naiure,

vol. xxx, p. 341, 1908 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 116,

1910; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool.

ser. 9, vol. xiii, p. 10, 1911.

Typical locality South Africa, north of the Orange Eiver.*
Colour-pattern of the " blotched type," that is to say,
large, subquadrangular, evenly bordered blotches or spots,
which in old males are chocolate-brown or blackish, on a
tawny ground ; shanks deep tawny and fully spotted down
to the hoofs; anterior horn reduced to a low boss, and
occipital horns wanting. In immature specimens from the

* The older writers (cf. Jardine, Naturalist's Libr., Mamm. vol. iii,
p. 187) state that giraffes occur in the extreme south of Cape Colony;
but Bryden, Great and Small Game of Africa, p. 501, considers it
doubtful whether they were ever found south of the Orange Kiver,
although there is an old Hottentot tradition to the effect that a
herd formerry existed in the Queenstown district of Cape Colony.

GIRAFFID^E 257

northern Kalahari the spots are less decidedly of the blotched
type, and show a tendency towards the netted pattern.

671, a. Skull, with horns sawn off. Koraqua, .Klip-
fontein, South Africa,

Presented ly Dr. W. J. Burchell, about 1817.

671, 6. Skull, female, bisected. Maadji Mountains,
South Africa. Same history.

42. 12. 6. 16. Skull, skin (in several pieces), and feet,
from a mounted specimen. South Africa.

Presented ly the Earl of Derby, 1842.

A

FIG. 46. — SKULL OF SOUTHERN GIRAFFE (Giraffa camelopardalis capensis).
de Winton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1897.

55. 12. 26. 142. Skull, immature. South Africa (?).

Purchased (Zoological Society), 1855.

89. 4. 11. 11. Skull, bisected. South Africa (?). The
reference of both this and the preceding specimen to the
present race is provisional. No history.

96. 2. 29. 1. Head and neck, mounted, sub-adult.
Northern Kalahari. Presented ~by H. A. Bryden, Esq., 1896.

98. 2. 28. 13. Skin, Bechuanaland. Presented by
Bechuana Chiefs to H.M. Queen Victoria.

Presented ~by H.M. Queen Victoria, 1898.

in.

258 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

II. Genus OK API A.

Okapia, Lankester, Nature, vol. Ixiv, p. 247, July 4, 1901, Proc. Zool.
Soc. 1901, vol. ii, p. 280, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. xvi, p. 302, 1902,
Monograph of the Okapi, Atlas, 1910; Fraipont, Ann. Mus.
Congo, Zool. ser. 2, vol. i, p. 1, 1907 ; M. de Rothschild and
Neuville, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. x, p. 1, 1910.

Ocapia, Lankester, Science, ser. 2, vol. xiv, p. 114, July 19, 1901 ;
Johnston, Cornish's Living Animals, vol. i, p. 270, 1901 ;
Lydekker, Game Animals of Africa, p. 375, 1908.

Size much smaller than in Giraffa, and neck and limbs
much less elongated ; females larger than males, which alone
carry a pair of frontal horns, capped with knobs of bare
bone; ears broad; skull very shallow, with the basicranial
axis nearly straight, and the lachrymal vacuities larger than
in Giraffa ; glands and teats unknown; coloration uniform
on greater part of body, but on hind-quarters and upper part
of limbs marked with alternating dark and light stripes of
varying width; tail shorter than in typical genus, with a
smaller tuft.

Distributional area the north-eastern and eastern fringes
of the equatorial forest-tract.

OKAPIA JOHNSTON!.

Equus (?) johnstoni, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. i, p. 50;
Ridewood, ibid. 1901, vol. ii, p. 3 ; Boulenger, ibid. 1902, vol. ii,
p. 72.

Okapia johnstoni, Lankester, Nature, vol. Ixiv, p. 247, 1901, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1901, vol. ii, pp. 281 and 472, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol.
xvi, p. 302, pis. xxx-xxxii, 1902, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, p. 129,
Monograph of the Okapi, Atlas,* 1910; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1901, vol. ii, p. 3, pi. i ; Carruccio, Boll. Soc. zool. ital. ser. 2,
vol. iv, p. 1, 1903, vol. vi, p. 177, 1905 ; Lonnberg, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1905, vol. ii, p. 309 ; Alexander, From Niger to Nile, vol. ii, p. 391,
1907 ; Fraipont, Ann. Mus. Congo, Zool. ser. 2, vol. i, p. 1,
30 pis. 1907 ; Cabrera, Bol. Soc. espan. Hist. Nat. vol. vii, p. 133,
pi. ii, 1907 ; M. de Rothschild and Neuville, C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris,
vol. cxlix, p. 693, 1909, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. ser. 9, vol. x, p. 1,
pis. i-vi, 1910 ; Ridewood, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vi,
p. 387, 1910; Camerano, Atti Ac. Sci. Torino, vol. xlvi, p. 1,
pi. i, 1911; Cabrera, Cat. Met. Mam. Madrid Mus. p. 129,
pi. iii, 1912 ; Wilmet, C. R. Ac. Sci. Paris, vol. clvi, p. 2006, 1913.

Ocapia johnstoni, Lankester, Science, ser. 2, vol. xiv, p. 114, 1901 ;
Johnston, Cornish's Living Animals, vol. i, p. 270, 1901 ;
Lydekker, Great and Small Game of Africa, Suppl. p. 6, 1902,

* No text published.

GIRAFFID/K 259

Game Animals of Africa, p. 375, 1908, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.

ser. 8, vol. vi, p. 224, 1910.
Helladotheriurn tigrinum, Johnston, Cornish's Living Animals, vol i,

p. 270, 1901.
Okapia liebrechtsi, Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1902, vol. ii, pp. 73, fig. 7,

and 342, fig. 63, La Belgique Coloniale, no. 9, 1902, p. 533;

Lankester, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1907, vol. i, p. 129.
Okapia erikssoni, LanJcester, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol. x,

p. 417, 1902.

Typical locality Semliki Forest, East Central Africa.

The typical and only known species.

Shoulder-height in females about 5 feet 4 inches. Sides
of face pale puce; crown, backs of ears, neck, and greater
part of body plum-colour; sides of buttocks and upper
portion of limbs transversely barred with black and white
stripes of varying width ; shanks mainly white, with black
fetlock rings, and a vertical black stripe on anterior surfaces
of front pair, which may extend over the knees, or may be
replaced there by a white knee-cap, and in some examples
joins the fetlock ring.

Distribution co-extensive with that of genus.

1. 8. 9. 53. Two strips of skin ("bandoliers") from
the hind-quarters. Semliki Forest. Types. Figured by
Lankester, Monograph of the Okapi, pi. i, figs. 3 and 4.*

Presented ly Sir Harry Johnston, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., 1901.

1. 8. 9. 51. Skin, mounted, and skull (fig. 48), female.
Semliki ; collected by Karl Eriksson. Type of 0. erikssoni.
Skin figured by Lankester, op. cit. pi. i, fig. 1 ; skull pi. iii,
fig. 1, pi. viii, fig. 2, and xiii, fig. A. Same history.

1. 8. 9. 52. Skull, immature. Semliki. Figured by
Lankester, op. cit. pi. xv, fig. J. Same history.

6. 12. 27. 1. Skin and skeleton, immature, mounted.
Ituri Forest ; collected by Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton.
Skin figured by Lankester, op. cit. pi. i, fig. 2 ; skull pi. iii,
fig. 2, pi. vii, fig. 2, and pi. xiii, fig. B. Skin presented by

Major P. H. G. Powell-Cotton, skeleton purchased, 1906.

7. 7. 8. 264. Skin, mounted, and skull, immature.
Welle Valley, on border of Belgian Congo; collected by
the Alexander-Gosling Expedition. Skull figured by

* Keferences to earlier figures of this and the following specimens
are given in the " Monograph."

s 2

260

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

FIG. 47. — FRONTAL VIEW OF SKULL OP MALE OKAPI
(Okapia johnstoni).

GIRAFFID^E

261

I

FIG. 48. — FRONTAL VIEW OF SKULL OF FEMALE OKAPI
(Okapia johnstoni).

262

CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES

(ilKAFFlh.K

263

Lankester, op. tit. pi. iv, fig. 2, pi. v, fig. 1, pi. vi, fig. 1,
pi. xi, fig. 1, and pi. xiv, fig. D.

Presented faj the Alexander-Gosling Expedition, 1907.

7. 12. 25. 1. Skull, immature (skin, mounted, in America).
Ituri Forest. Figured by Lankester, op. tit. pi. iv, fig. 1,
pi. viii, fig. 1, and pi. xiii, fig. C. Purchased (Ward), 190?!

7. 12. 25. 2. Cast of skull. Locality of original (in an
American Museum) unknown. Figured by Lankester, op. tit.
pi. xv, fig. H. Same history.

FIG. 50. — SIDE VIEW OF SKULL AND ANTEBIOB CERVICAL
VERTEBRA OF OKAPI (Okapia johnstoni).

7. 12. 26. 1. Cast of skull. The original, which, with
the rest of the skeleton, is in the Congo Museum, Tervueren,
Belgium, was obtained at Mundala, Belgian Congo, and is
the type of 0. liebrechtsi. Figured by Lankester, op. tit.
pi. xvi, fig. L. Presented faj the Tervueren Museum, 1907.

13. 7. 3. 1. Skin and skeleton, female, mounted. Ituri
Forest. Presented fa/ the Rowland Ward Trustees, 1913.

INDEX

OF GENEEA AND SPECIES

abu-harab, Leptoceros, 68

abu-harah, Gazella leptoceros, 68

abyssinicus, Strepsiceros, 202

Addax, 146

addax, Addax nasomaculatus, 150

addax, Antilope, 147, 150

(Addax) euryceros, Antilope, 203

Addax nasomaculatus, 146, 147

Addax nasomaculatus addax, 150

Addax nasomaculatus nasomacu-
latus, 149

(Addax) oreas, Antilope, 210

addax, Oryx, 147

(Addax) scripta, Antilope, 153

(Addax) strepsiceros, Antilope, 198

Addra, 107

addra, Antilope (Dama), 107

jEgoceros bakeri, 138

^goceros koba, 140

^Egoceros leucophseus, 134, 137

^pyceras, 5

^Epyceras melampus, 6

yEpyceras petersi, 12
^Epyceros, 5

.^Epyceros melampus, 5, 6
^Epyceros melampus holubi, 9
.ZEpyceros melampus johnstoni, 9
^pyceros melampus katangae, 10
^pyceros melampus melampus, 8
^pyceros melampus petersi, 12
^pyceros melampus rendilis, 11
^Epyceros melampus suara, 10
JEpyceros melampus typicus, 8
jEpyceros petersi, 12
jEpyceros suara, 10
aethiopica, Capra, 134
aethiopicus, Camelopardalis, 241
Ahu, 43

Aigoceros barbata, 134
Aigoceros equinus, 134
Aigocerus, 131
Aigocerus harrisi, 141
Aigocerus leucophaeus, 133
(Aigocerus) leucophaeus, Antilope,
133

Aigocerus niger, 141

albipes, Antilope, 225

albipes, Boselaphus, 226

albonotata, Gazella, 82

albonotata, Gazella rufifrons, 82

albonotatus, Tragelaphus gratus,
189

albonotatus, Tragelaphus spekei,
189

albo-virgatus, Tragelaphus, 203

albovittatus, Tragelaphus, 203

alces, Cemas, 209

algazel, Cemas, 126

algazel dammah, Oryx, 129

algazel, Oryx, 126, 127

algazel, Oryx algazel, 128

algazella, Antilope, 127

altaica, Gazella gutturosa, 39

altaica, Procapra, 39

American Antelope, 231

americana, Antilocapra, 230

americana, Antilocapra ameri-
cana, 232

americana, Antilope, 230

americana mexicana, Antilocapra,
234

americana peninsularis, Antilo-
capra, 234

Ammelaphue, 191

Arnmelaphus imberbis, 192

Ammelaphus imberbis australis,
195

Ammodorcas, 2

Ammodorcas clarkei, 3
| angasi, Euryceros, 180

angasi, Nyala, 180

angasi, Strepsiceros, 180
i angasi, Tragelaphus, 179

angolensis, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 254

annectens, Oryx, 125

annectens, Oryx beisa, 125

Antelope, Blue, 132

Antelopus roualeynei, 176

Antidorcas, 109

INDEX

265

Antidorcas euchore, 110

Antidorcas marsupialis, 109, 111

Antidorcas marsupialis marsu-
pialis, 111

Antidorcas marsupialis centralis,
112

Antilocapra, 230

Antilocapra americana, 230

Antilocapra americana ameri-
cana, 232

Antilocapra americana mexicana,
232

Antilocapra americana peninsu-
laris, 234

Antilocapra furcifer, 231

Antilope, 22

Antilope addax, 147, 150

Antilope (Addax) euryceros, 203

Antilope (Addax) oreas, 210

Antilope (Addax) scripta, 153

Antilope (Addax) strepsiceros, 198

Antilope (Aigocerus) leucophaeus,
133

Antilope albipes, 225

Antilope algazella, 127

Antilope americana, 230

Antilope arabica, 51, 57

Antilope aurita, 134

Antilope barbata, 134

Antilope beatrix, 130

Antilope beisa, 122

Antilope bennettii, 50

Antilope bezoartica, 24, 119, 127

Antilope bezoartria, 127

Antilope bilineata, 24

Antilope (Boselaphus) canna, 209

Antilope (Boselaphus) oreas, 209

Antilope (Bubalis) leucophaea, 132

Antilope (Bubalis) oreas, 209

Antilope (Bubalis) oryx, 120, 129

Antilope (Bubalis) tragocamelus,
226

Antilope (Bubalus) picta, 226

Antilope (Buselaphus) canna, 209

Antilope (Buselaphus) oreas, 209

Antilope canna, 209

Antilope capensis, 132

Antilope (Cephalophus) picta, 226

Antilope cervicapra, 23
(Antilope) cervicapra, Cerophorus,
24

Antilope chickara, 220

Antilope chiru, 18
Antilope chora, 202

Antilope colus, 14
Antilope cora, 57

Antilope corinna, 71
Antilope cuvieri, 32, 54
Antilope dama 102, 106
Antilope (Dama) addra, 107
Antilope (Dama) mhorr, 104
Antilope (Dama) nanguer, 102
Antilope dama var. occidentalis,

104

Antilope dama var. orientalis, 107
Antilope (Damalis) oreas, 210
Antilope (Damalis) picta, 226
Antilope dammah, 129
Antilope decula, 159
Antilope (Dicranocerus) furcifer,

231

Antilope dorcas, 43, 57, 71
Antilope dorsata, 110
Antilope (Egocerus) leucophseus,

132

Antilope ensicornis, 127
Antilope ensicornis var. asiatica,

130
Antilope ensicornis var. nubica

and senegalensis, 127
Antilope equina, 134
Antilope euchore, 109
Antilope euryceros, 203
Antilope furcifer, 231
Antilope gazella, 55, 126
Antilope (Gazella) saiga, 14
Antilope (Gazella) strepsiceros,

196
Antilope (Gazella) subgutturosa,

43

Antilope (Gazella) sylvatica, 177
Antilope gibbosa, 147
Antilope glauca, 133
Antilope (Grimmia) quadricornis,

221

Antilope gutturosa, 32, 34
(Antilope) gutturosa, Cerophorus,

35

Antilope hazenna, 51
Antilope hodgsoni, 18
Antilope isidis, 75
Antilope kemas, 18
Antilope kevella, 61, 70
Antilope leevipes, 64
Antilope leptoceros, 64, 67
Antilope (Leptoceros) leptoceros,

68

Antilope leucophaea, 132, 153
Antilope leucopus, 225
Antilope leucoryx, 127, 129
Antilope marsupialis, 109
Antilope melampus, 5

266

INDEX

Antilope melanura, 81

Antilope mhoks, 105

Antilope inhorr, 102, 104

Antilope mytilopes, 147

Antilope naso-maculata, 146

Antilope nigra, 141

Antilope oreas, 208

Antilope (Oreas) canna, 209

Antilope (Oreas) oreas, 209

Antilope orientalis, 35

Antilope oryx, 119, 208

Antilope (Oryx) bezoastica, 126

Antilope pallah, 6

Antilope palmata, 231

Antilope pasan, 120

Antilope phalerata, 157

Antilope picta, 225

Antilope picticaudata, 30

Antilope pygarga, 110

Antilope quadricornis, 220

Antilope recticornis, 119

Antilope ruficollis, 107

Antilope rupicapra, 24

Antilope saccata, 110

Antilope saiga, 13

(Antilope) saiga, Ceropliorus, 14

Antilope saliens, 110

Antilope saltans, 110

Antilope saltatrix, 110

Antilope scripta, 152

Antilope scythica, 14

Antilope soemmerringi, 96

Antilope soemmerringii, 86

Antilope strepsiceros, 196

Antilope sub-4-cornutus, 222

Antilope subgutturosa, 42

Antilope suturosa, 147

Antilope sylvatica, 177

Antilope tao, 126

Antilope tatarica, 15

Antilope (Taurotragus) derbianus,
216

Antilope (Taurotragus) living-
stonii, 212

Antilope (Taurotragus) oreas, 210

Antilope tendal, 202

Antilope (Tetraceros) quadri-
cornis, 221

Antilope tetracornis, 221

Antilope tilonura, 81

Antilope torticornis, 198

Antilope (Tragelaphus) decula, 159

Antilope (Tragelaphus) phalerata,
157

Antilope (Tragelaphus) strepsi-
ceros, 197

Antilope (Tragelaphus) sylvatica,

178

Antilope tragocamelus, 225
Antilope triangularis, 210
Antilope truteri, 134
Antilope tzeiran, 35
antiquorum, Camelopardalis, 244
antiquorum, Giraffa camelopar-

dalis, 244
Aoul, 97

Arabian Oryx, 130
arabica, Antilope, 51, 57
arabica erlangeri, Gazella, 59
arabica, Gazella, 57, 58
arabica, Gazella arabica, 59
arabica rueppelli, Gazella, 59
arabica typica, Gazella, 59
Ariel, 58, 107

arushae, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84
Ata, 31

aurita, Antilope, 134
australis, Ammelaphus imberbis,

195

australis, Camelopardalis, 256
australis, Giraffa, 256
australis, Strepsiceros imberbis,

195

bakeri, ./Egocerus, 138
bakeri, Egocerus equinus, 139
bakeri, Hippotragus, 137, 138
bakeri, Hippotragus equinus,

138

bakeri, Ozanna equinus, 139
barbata, Aigoceros, 134
barbata, Antilope, 134
baringoensis, Eudorcas, 84
Bastard Gemsbok, 135
bea, Strepsiceros strepsiceros,

201

Beatrix, 130
beatrix, Antilope, 130
beatrix, Oryx, 130
behni, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84
Beisa, 123

beisa annectens, Oryx, 125
beisa, Antilope, 122
beisa callotis, Oryx, 125
beisa gallarum, Oryx, 124
beisa, Oryx, 122, 125
beisa, Oryx beisa, 123
beisa typica, Oryx, 123
bennetti, Gacella, 51
bennetti, Gazella, 49, 50, 59
bennettii, Antilope, 50
I bennettii, Gazella, 51

INDEX

267

bennettii, Tragops, 51
bennettii, Tragopsis, 51
berberana, Gazella soemmerringi,

100

bergeri, Eudorcas, 84
bergerinae, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84
bezoartica, Antilope, 24, 119, 127
bezoartica, Antilope (Oryx), 126
bezoartica, Cervicapra, 24
bezoarticus, Oryx, 127
bezoartria, Antilope, 127
biedermanni, Eudorcas, 84
biessa, Oryx, 122
bilineata, Antilope, 24
biturigum, Camelopardalis, 241
Blaauwbok, 133
Blackbuck, 25
Blue Antelope, 132
Bongo, 204
Boocercus, 203

Boocercus eurycerus, 203, 204
Boocercus eurycerus eurycerus,

205

Boocercus eurycerus isaaci, 206
Boocercus isaaci, 206
Boocerus, 203
Boocerus eurycerus, 204
bor, Tragelaphus, 164
bor, Tragelaphus scriptus, 164
Boschbok, 178
Boselaphus, 224
Boselaphus albipes, 226
Boselaphus canna, 209
(Boselaphus) canna, Antilope, 209
(Boselaphus) canna, Damalis, 209
Boselaphus derbianus, 216
(Boselaphus) gigas, Taurotragus,

218

Boselaphus oreas, 209, 216
(Boselaphus) oreas, Antilope, 209
(Boselaphus) oreas, Cerophorus,

209

(Boselaphus) oreas, Damalis, 209
(Boselaphus) oreas, Taurotragus,

217

Boselaphus pictus, 226
Boselaphus tragocamelus, 225,

226

Bosephalus, 224
brighti, Gazella granti, 93
brunneus, Tragelaphus haywoodi,

170
(Bubalis) leucophsea, Antilope,

132

(Bubalis) oreas, Antilope, 209
(Bubalis) oryx, Antilope, 120, 129

(Bubalis) tragocamelus, Antilope,

226

(Bubalus) picta, Antilope, 226
Buselaphus, 224

(Buselaphus) canna, Antilope, 209
(Buselaphus) oreas, Antilope, 209
Bushbuck, 154, 178
butteri, Gazella soemmerringi,

101

buxtoni, Strepsiceros, 182
buxtoni, Tragelaphus, 182

Calliope, 191

Calliope decula, 159

Calliope scripta, 153

Calliope strepsiceros, 197

Calliope sylvatica, 178

callotis, Oryx, 125

callotis, Oryx beisa, 125

Camelopardalis, 236

Camelopardalis aethiopicus, 241

Camelopardalis angolensis, Giraffa,
254

Camelopardalis antiquorum, 244

Camelopardalis antiquorum, Gi-
raffa, 244

Camelopardalis australis, 256

Camelopardalis biturigum, 241

Camelopardalis capensis, 256

Camelopardalis capensis, Giraffa,
256

Camelopardalis, Cervus, 240

Camelopardalis congoensis, Gi-
raffa, 253

Camelopardalis cottoni, Giraffa,
247

Camelopardalis giraffa, 240, 244

Camelopardalis, Giraffa, 240, 248,
250, 251

Camelopardalis, Giraffa Camelo-
pardalis, 242

Camelopardalis infumata, Giraffa,
253

Camelopardalis, Orasius, 241

Camelopardalis peralta, Giraffa,
246

Camelopardalis reticulata, Giraffa,
236

Camelopardalis rothschildi, Gi-
raffa, 248, 251

Camelopardalis sennaarensis, 244

Camelopardalis schillingsi, Giraffa,

251

Camelopardalis thornicrofti, Gi-
raffa, 252

268

INDEX

camelopardalis tippelskirchi, Gi-

raffa, 250, 251
camelopardalis typiea, Giraffa,

242

camelopardalis wardi, Giraffa, 255
campestris gutturosa, Caprea, 34
canna, Antilope, 209
canna, Antilope (Boselaphus), 209
canna, Antilope (Buselaphus), 209
canna, Antilope (Oreas), 209
canna, Boselaphus, 209
canna, Damalis, 209
canna, Damalis (Boselaphus), 209
canna livingstoni, Oreas, 212
canna, Oreas, 209, 213
capensis, Antilope, 132
capensis, Camelopardalis, 256
capensis chora, Sfcrepsiceros, 202
capensis, Damalis (Strepsiceros),

198

capensis, Giraffa, 256
capensis, Giraffa camelopardalis,

256

capensis, Oryx, 120
capensis, Strepsiceros, 197
capensis typicus, Strepsiceros, 200
Capra sethiopica, 134
Capra cervicapra, 23
Capra dorcas, 70
Capra gazella, 119
Capra jubata, 134
Capra leucophaea, 132
Capra oreas, 209
Capra pygargus, 110
Capra sayga, 14
Capra Strepsiceros, 196
Capra tatarica, 13, 14
Caprea campestris gutturosa, 34
casanovae, Gazella (Nanger) soem-

merringi, 100
casanovae, Gazella soemmerringi,

100

Cemas alces, 209
Cemas algazel, 126
Cemas colus, 14
Cemas dama, 102
Cemas dorcas, 71
Cemas glaucus, 132
Cemas gutturosa, 35
Cemas kevella, 71
Cemas maculata, 71
Cemas marsupialis, 110
Cemas oryx, 129
Cemas pasan, 120
Cemas picta, 226
Cemas scriptus, 153

Cemas Strepsiceros, 24
Cemas sylvatica, 177
Cemas tragocamelus, 226
centralis, Antidorcas marsupialis,

112

centralis, Gazella rufifrons, 66
(Cephalophus) picta, Antilope, 226
Cerophorus (Antilope) cervicapra,

24
Cerophorus (Antilope) gutturosa,

35

Cerophorus (Antilope) saiga, 14
Cerophorus (Boselaphus) oreas,

209
Cerophorus (Cervicapra) dama,

102
Cerophorus (Cervicapra) quadri-

cornis, 220

Cerophorus (Gazella) corinna, 72
Cerophorus (Gazella) euchore, 110
Cerophorus (Gazella) kevella, 72
Cerophorus (Gazella) nasomacu-

lata, 146
Cerophorus (Gazella) subguttu-

rosa, 43

Cerophorus (Oryx) gazella, 126
Cerophorus (Oryx) leucophseus,

132

Oerophorus (Oryx) leucoryx, 130
Cerophorus (Oryx) oryx, 120
Cerophorus (Tragelaphus) Strepsi-
ceros, 196
Cervicapra, 22
cervicapra, Antilope, 23
Cervicapra bezoartica, 24
cervicapra, Capra, 23
cervicapra, Cerophorus (Antilope),

24

Cervicapra [cervicapra] , 24
Cervicapra clarkei, 3
(Cervicapra) dama, Cerophorus,

102

(Cervicapra) quadricornis, Cero-
phorus, 220

cervicapra, Strepsiceros, 24
Cervus camelopardalis, 240
Cervus hamatus, 230
Cervus latipes 221
Cervus (Styloceros) latipes, 221
chickara, Antilope, 220
chickara, Tetracerus, 221 '
Chinkara, 52
Chiru, 19

chiru, Antilope, 18
chora, Antilope, 202
chora, Strepsiceros capensis, 202

INDEX

269

chora, Strepsiceros strepsiceros,

202

Chousingha, 222
christyi, Gazella, 51
cineraceus, Gazella, 54
clarkei, Ammodorcas, 3
clarkei, Cervicapra, 3
colini, Oreas, 216
Colus, 13

colus, Antilope, 14
colus, Cemas, 14
colus, Gazella, 15
Colus saiga, 15
colus, Saiga, 15
Colus tataricus, 15
congoensis, Giraffa cameloparda-

lis, 253
congolanus, Taurotragus derbia-

nus, 219

cora, Antilope, 57
cora, Gazella, 57
corinna, Antilope, 71
corinna, Cerophorus (Gazella), 72
corinna, Gazella, 54
Corinne, 61
cornu singulare, Gazella Indicae,

129

cottoni dodingae, Tragelaphus, 167
cottoni, Giraffa camelopardalis,

247
cottoni meridionalis, Tragelaphus,

167

cottoni, Tragelaphus, 167
cottoni, Tragelaphus scriptus, 167
cuvieri, Antilope, 32, 54
cuvieri, Gazella, 54
cuvieri, Leptoceros, 68

Dama, 85

(Dama) addra, Antilope, 107

dama Antilope, 102, 106

darna, Cemas, 102

dama, Cerophorus (Cervicapra),

102

dama, Gazella, 102, 107
dama, Gazella dama, 104
dama, Gazella (Nanger), 102
(Dama) mhorr, Antilope, 104
dama mhorr, Gazella, 104, 105
dama, Nanger, 103
(Dama) nanguer, Antilope, 102
dama var. occidentalis, Antilope,

104
dama var. orientalis, Antilope,

107
dama permista, Gazella, 106

dama reducta, Gazella, 106

dama ruficollis, Gazella, 106,
107

dama, Tragelaphus, 170

dama, Tragelaphus scriptus, 170

dama typica, Gazella, 104

Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, 209

Damalis (Boselaphus) oreas, 209

Damalis canna, 209

Damalis oreas, 209

(Damalis) oreas, Antilope, 210

Damalis picta, 226

(Damalis) picta, Antilope, 226

Damalis (Portax) risia, 226

Damalis risia, 226

Damalis strepsiceros, 197

Damalis (Strepsiceros) capensis,
198

Damalis (Strepsiceros) strepsi-
ceros, 197

dammab, Antilope, 129

dammah, Oryx algazel, 129

Decula, 154

decula, Antilope, 159

decula, Antilope (Tragelaphus),
159

decula, Calliope, 159

decula fulvo-ochraceus, Tragela-
phus, 159

decula, Tragelaphus, 159

decula, Tragelaphus scriptus, 159

delamerei, Tragelaphus, 171

delamerei, Tragelaphus scriptus,
171

derbianus, Antilope (Taurotragus),
216

derbianus, Boselaphus, 216

derbianus congolanus, Tauro-
tragus, 219

derbianus gigas, Taurotragus, 217,
218

derbianus, Oreas, 216

derbianus, Taurotragus, 216, 219

derbianus, Taurotragus derbianus,
217

derbianus typicus, Taurotragus,
217

derbii, Oreas, 219

Dhero, 79, 80

dianae sassae, Tragelaphus, 168

dianse simplex, Tragelaphus, 168

dianae, Tragelaphus, 168

dianae, Tragelaphus scriptus, 168

Dibatag, 3

Dicranoceros furcifer, 231

Dicranocerus, 230

270

INDEX

(Dicranocerus) furcifer, Antilope,

231

dieseneri, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84
dodingae, Tragelaphus cottoni, 167
dongilanensis, Eudorcas thomsoni,

84 '

Doratoceros, 207
Doratoceros triangularis, 210
Dorcas, 40

dorcas, Antilope, 48, 57, 71
dorcas, Capra, 70
dorcas, Cemas, 71
Dorcas dorcas, 72
dorcas, Dorcas, 72
dorcas, Gacella, 72
dorcas, Gazella, 54, 68, 70, 72, 75
dorcas, Gazella dorcas, 73
Dorcas Gazelle, 72
dorcas Isabella, Gazella, 75
dorcas sundevalli, Gazella, 72
dorsata, Antilope, 110

Edmi, 54

Egoceros equinus, 135

Egoceros equinus gambianus, 140

Egocerus, 131

Egocerus equinus bakeri, 139

Egocerus equinus langheldi, 138

Egocerus equinus scharicus, 139

(Egocerus) leucophseus, Antilope,

132

Eland, 210

eldomae, Tragelaphus, 172
eldomae, Tragelaphus scriptus, 172
ensicornis, Antilope, 127
ensicornis, Antilope, var. asiatica,

130
ensicornis, Antilope, var. nubica

and senegalensis, 127
equina, Antilope, 134
equina, Ozanna, 135
equinus, Aigocerus, 134
equinus bakeri, Egocerus, 139
equinus bakeri, Hippotragus, 138
equinus bakeri, Ozanna, 139
equinus, Egocerus, 135
equinus gambianus, Egoceros, 140
equinus gambianus, Hippotragus,

140
equinus, Hippotragus, 134, 137,

139, 140

equinus, Hippotragus equinus, 136
equinus langheldi, Egocerus, 138
equinus langheldi, Hippotragus,

137, 138
equinus langheldi, Ozanna, 138

equinus rufopallidus, Hippo-
tragus, 137

equinus scharicus, Egocerus, 139
equinus scharicus, Hippotragus,

139

equinus typicus, Hippotragus, 136
Equus johnstoni, 258
erikssoni, Okapia, 259
erlangeri, Gazella arabica, 59
erlangeri, Gazella (Nanger) soem-

merringi, 99
erlangeri, Gazella soemmerringi,

99

euchore, Antidorcas, 110
euchore, Antilope, 109
euchore, Cerophorus (Gazella),

110

euchore, Gazella, 110
Eudorcas, 40

Eudorcas baringoensis, 84
Eudorcas bergeri, 84
Eudorcas biedermanni, 84
(Eudorcas) laevipes senegalensis,

Gazella, 62

Eudorcas langheldi, 84
Eudorcas many arse, 84
Eudorcas mundorosica, 84
Eudorcas nakuroensis, 84
Eudorcas ndjiriensis, 84
Eudorcas ruwanse, 84
Eudorcas sabakiensis, 84
Eudorcas schillingsi, 84
Eudx>rcas thomsoni, 83
Eudorcas thomsoni arushae, 84
Eudorcas thomsoni behni. 84
Eudorcas thomsoni bergerinae, 84
Eudorcas thomsoni dieseneri, 84
Eudorcas thomsoni dongilanensis,

84
Eudorcas thomsoni macrocephela,

84

Eudorcas thomsoni marwitzi, 84
Eudorcas wembaerensis, 84
Euryceros, 203
Euryceros angasi, 180
euryceros, Antilope, 203
euryceros, Antilope (Addax), 203
Euryceros euryceros, 203
euryceros, Euryceros, 203
eurycerus, Boocercus, 203, 204
eurycerus, Boocercus eurycerus,

205

eurycerus, Boocerus, 234
Eurycerus (Hydrotragus) spekii,

185
eurycerus isaaci, Boocercus, 206

INDEX

271

Eurycerus spekii, 186
eurycerus, Tragelaphus, 203
excelsus, Strepsiceros, 198

fasciatus, Tragelaphus, 163
fasciatus, Tragelaphus roualeyni,

163
fasciatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

163

Five-horned Giraffe, 248
Four-Horned Antelope, 222
fulvo-ochraceus, Tragelaphus de-

cula, 159

furcifer, Antilocapra, 231
furcifer, Antilope, 231
furcifer, Antilope (Dicranocerus) ,

231

furcifer, Dicranoceros, 231
fuscifrons, Gazella, 49

Gacella, 28
Gacella bennetti, 51
Gacella dorcas, 72
Gacella granti, 86
Gacella pelzelni, 79
Gacella picticaudata, 30
Gacella soemmerringi, 97
Gacella spekei, 80
Gacella thomsoni, 83
gallarum, Oryx beisa, 124
gambianus, Egoceros equinus, 140
gambianus, Hippotragus equinus,

140

Gazella, 28, 40, 76
Gazella albonotata, 82
gazella, Antilope, 55, 126
Gazella arabica, 57, 58
Gazella arabica arabica, 59
Gazella arabica erlangeri, 59
Gazella arabica rueppelli, 59
Gazella arabica typica, 59
Gazella bennetti,' 49, 50, 59
Gazella bennettii, 51
gazella, Capra, 119
gazella, Cerophorus (Or37x), 126
Gazella christyi, 51
Gazella cineraceus, 54
Gazella colus, 15
Gazella cora, 57
Gazella corinna, 54
(Gazella) corinna, Cerophorus, 72
Gazella cuvieri, 54
Gazella dama, 102, 107
Gazella dama dama, 104
Gazella dama mhorr, 104, 105
Gazella dama permista, 106

Gazella dama reducta, 106
Gazella dama ruficollis, 106, 107
Gazella dama typica, 104
Gazella dorcas, 54, 68, 70, 72, 75
Gazella dorcas dorcas, 73
Gazella dorcas isabella, 75
Gazella dorcas sundevalli, 72
Gazella euchore, 110
(Gazella) euchore, Cerophorus,

110
Gazella (Eudorcas) lEevipes sene-

galensis, 62
Gazella fuscifrons, 49
Gazella gazella, 55, 56
gazella, Gazella, 55, 56
Gazella granti, 86, 95
Gazella granti brighti, 93
Gazella granti var. gelidjiensis, 95
Gazella granti granti, 88
Gazella granti lacuum, 92
Gazella granti notata, 93
Gazella granti petersi, 95
Gazella granti raineyi, 92
Gazella granti robertsi, 91
Gazella granti roosevelti, 90
Gazella granti serengetae, 94
Gazella granti smithi, 93
Gazella granti typica, 88
Gazella gutturosa, 35, 46
Gazella gutturosa altaica, 39
Gazella gutturosa gutturosa, 37
Gazella hayi, 49
Gazella hazenna, 51
Gazella hillieriana, 43
Gazella Indicae cornu singulare,

129

Gazella isabella, 72, 75, 76
Gazella isabellina, 75
Gazella kevella, 54
(Gazella) kevella, Cerophorus, 72
Gazella (Korin) rufifrons, 62
Gazella laevipes, 81
Gazella leptoceros, 67, 68
Gazella leptoceros abu-harah, 68
Gazella leptoceros leptoceros, 69
Gazella leptoceros loderi, 69
Gazella leptoceros typica, 69
Gazella littoralis, 76
Gazella littoralis littoralis, 77
Gazella littoralis osiris, 78
Gazella loderi, 68, 69
Gazella marica, 60
Gazella melanura, 81
Gazella merrilli, 56
Gazella mhorr, 105
Gazella mhorr reducta, 106

272

INDEX

Gazella mohr, 103, 105
Gazella mohrr, 105
Gazella mongolica, 43
Gazella muscatensis, 60
Gazella (Nanger) dama, 102
Gazella (Nanger) grant! , 86
Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi,

96
Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi

casanovee, 100
Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi

erlangeri, 99
Gazella (Nanger) soemmerringi

sibyllse, 100
Gazella nanguer, 103
Gazella naso, 80
(Gazella) nasomaculata, Cero-

phorus, 146
Gazella notata, 94
gazella, Oryx, 119, 120
Gazella pelzelni, 78
Gazella petersi, 95
Gazella picticauda, 30
Gazella picticaudata, 30
Gazella (Procapra) gutturosa, 34,

35
Gazella (Procapra) picticaudata,

30

Gazella (Procapra) przewalskii, 32
Gazella przewalskii, 33
Gazella recticornis, 119
Gazella ruficollis, 107
Gazella runfrons, 61
Gazella runfrons albonotata, 82
Gazella rufifrons centralis, 66
Gazella rufifrons hasleri, 65
Gazella runfrons kanuri, 65
Gazella runfrons laevipes, 64
Gazella runfrons runfrons, 63
Gazella runfrons salmi, 64
Gazella rufifrons typica, 63
Gazella rufina, 66
(Gazella) saiga, Antilope, 14
Gazella salmi, 64
Gazella seistanica, 47
Gazella soemmerringi, 96
Gazella soemmerringi berberana,

100

Gazella soemmerringi butteri, 101
Gazella soemmerringi casanovae,

100
Gazella soemmerringi erlangeri,

99

Gazella soemmerringi sibyllae, 100
Gazella soemmerringi soemmer-
ringi, 98

Gazella soemmerringi typica, 98

Gazella spekei, 78, 80

(Gazella) strepsiceros, Antilope,
196

Gazella subgutturosa, 42, 43

(Gazella) subgutturosa, Antilope,
43

(Gazella) subgutturosa, Cero-
phorus, 43

Gazella subgutturosa sairensis, 45

Gazella subgutturosa subguttu-
rosa, 44

Gazella subgutturosa typica, 44

Gazella subgutturosa yarkanden-
sis, 46

(Gazella) sylvatica, Antilope, 177

Gazella thomsoni, 83

Gazella thomsoni nasalis, 83

Gazella tilonura, 81

Gazella vera, 57

Gazella walleri, 114

(Gazella) walleri, Lit [h] ocranius,
114

Gazella yarcandensis, 46

Gazella yarkandensis, 46

Gazella yarkandensis kennioni, 49

Gemsbok, 120

Gemsbuck, 120

Gerenuk, 115

Ghasal, 58

gibbosa, Antilope, 147

gigas, Taurotragus, 218

gigas, Taurotragus (Boselaphus),
218

gigas, Taurotragus derbianus, 217,
218

gigas, Taurotragus oryx, 218

Giraffa, 236

Giraffa australis, 256

Giraffa camel opardalis, 240, 248,
250, 251

giraffa, Camelopardalis, 240, 244

Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis,
254

Giraffa camelopardalis anti-
quorum, 244

Giraffa camelopardalis camelopar-
dalis, 242

Giraffa camelopardalis capensis,
256

Giraffa camelopardalis congoen-
sis, 253

Giraffa camelopardalis cottoni,
247

Giraffa camelopardalis infumata,
253

INDEX

273

Giraffa camelopardalis peralta,

246
Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata,

236
Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi,

248, 251
Giraffa camelopardalis schillingsi,

251
Giraffa camelopardalis thorni-

crofti, 252
Giraffa camelopardalis tippels-

kirchi, 250, 251
Giraffa camelopardalis typica,

242

Giraffa camelopardalis wardi, 255
Giraffa capensis, 256
Giraffa hagenbecki, 237
Giraffa infumata, 253
Giraffa reticulata, 236
Giraffa reticulata nigrescens, 239
Giraffa reticulata reticulata, 238
Giraffa reticulatus, 237
Giraffa schillingsi, 251
Giraffa tippelskirchi, 251
Giraffe, 248

Giraffe, Five- horned, 248
Giraffe, Tana, 250
glauca, Antilope, 133
glaucus, Cemas, 132
Goa, 31

Goitred Gazelle, 43
granti brighti, Gazella, 93
granti, Gacella, 86
granti, Gazella, 86, 95
granti, Gazella granti, 88
granti, Gazella (N anger), 86
Granti var. gelidjiensis, Gazella,

95

granti lacuum, Gazella, 92
granti, Matschiea, 86
granti notata, Gazella, 93
granti petersi, Gazella, 95
granti raineyi, Gazella, 92
granti robertsi, Gazella, 91
granti roosevelti, Gazella, 90
granti serengetse, Gazella, 94
granti smithi, Gazella, 93
granti typica, Gazella, 88
gratus albonotatus, Tragelaphus,

189

gratus, Limnotragus, 188
gratus selousi, Limnotragus, 189
gratus, Tragelaphus, 157, 188
gratus, Tragelaphus spekei, 188
(Grimmia) quadricornis, Antilope,

221
III.

Guib, 154, 155

gutturosa altaica, Gazella, 39

gutturosa, Antilope, 32, 34

gutturosa, Caprea campestris, 84

gutturosa, Cemas, 35

gutturosa, Cerophorus (Antilope),

35

gutturosa, Gazella, 35, 46
gutturosa, Gazella gutturosa, 37
gutturosa, Gazella (Procapra),

34,35
gutturosa, Procapra, 35

hagenbecki, Giraffa, 237
hamatus, Cervus, 230
Harnessed Antelope, 154
Harrisbuck, 142
harrisi, Aigocerus, 141
hasleri, Gazella rufifrons, 65
hayi, Gazella, 49
haywoodi brunneus, Tragelaphus,

170

haywoodi, Tragelaphus, 170
haywoodi, Tragelaphus scriptus,

170

hazenna, Antilope, 51
hazenna, Gazella, 51
hazenna, Tragopsis, 51
Helladotherium tigrinum, 259
Heran, 25

Heuglin's Gazelle, 81
hillieriana, Gazella, 43
hippelaphus, Tragelaphus, 226
Hippotragus, 131;
Hippotragus bakeri, 137, 138
Hippotragus equinus, 134, 137,

139, 140

Hippotragus equinus bakeri, 138
Hippotragus equinus equinus, 136
Hippotragus equinus gambianus,

140
Hippotragus equinus langheldi,

137, 138
Hippotragus equinus rufopallidus,

137
Hippotragus equinus scharicus,

139

Hippotragus equinus typicus, 136
Hippotragus koba, 140
Hippotragus langheldi, 137
Hippotragus leucophaeus, 132, 133,

134

Hippotragus niger, 141, 142
Hippotragus niger kirki, 144
Hippotragus niger var. kirkii, 144
Hippotragus niger niger, 143
T

274

INDEX

Hippotragus niger roosevelti, 146
Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger, 142
Hippotragus (Ozanna) niger kauf-

manni, 144

Hippotragus rufopallidus, 137
hodgsoni, Antilope, 18
hodgsoni, Kemas, 19
hodgsoni, Pantholops, 18
holubi, JEpyceros melampus, 9
hoodoo, Strepsiceros, 197
Hydrotragus, 185
(Hydrotragus) spekii, Eurycerus,

185

imberbis, Arnmelaphus, 192
imberbis australis, Ammelaphus,

195
imberbis australis, Strepsiceros,

195

imberbis, Strepsiceros, 192
imberbis, Strepsiceros imberbis,

194

Impala, 6
Indian Gazelle, 52
Indicae cornu singulare, Gazella,

129

infumata, Giraffa, 253
infumata, Giraffa camelopardalis,

253

Inyala, 180
iodes, Tetraceros, 222
isaaci, Boocercus, 206
isaaci, Boocercus eurycerus, 206
isabella, Gazella, 72, 75, 76
Isabella, Gazella dorcas, 75
isabellina, Gazella, 75
isidis, Antilope, 75

johnstoni, ^Epyceros melampus, 9
johnstoni, Equus, 258
johnstoni, Ocapia, 258
johnstoni, Okapia, 258
jubata, Capra, 134

kanuri, Gazella rufifrons, 65
katangae, ^Epyceros melampus, 10
kaufmanni, Hippotragus (Ozanna)

niger, 144

kaufmanni, Oreas, 214
kaufmanni, Oreas oreas, 214
kaufmanni, Taurotragus oryx, 214
kemas, Antilope, 18
Kemas hodgsoni, 19
kennioni, Gazella yarkandensis,

49

kevella, Antilope, 61. 70

kevella, Cemae, 71

kevella, Cerophorus (Gazella), 72

kevella, Gazella, 54

Kik, 46

kirki, Hippotragus niger, 144

kirkii, Hippotragus niger, 144

knutsoni, Tragelaphus, 158

knutsoni, Tragelaphus scriptus,

158

koba, ^Egoceros, 140
koba, Hippotragus, 140
Koedoe, 198
Korin, 40

(Korin) rufifrons, Gazella, 62
Kudu (Koodoo), 198
Kudu, Lesser, 192
kudu, Strepsiceros, 197

La Gazelle a bourse sur le dos,

109

La Gazelle Tzeiran, 132
La Nanguer, 102
lacuum, Gazella granti, 92
laevipes, Antilope, 64
laevipes, Gazella, 81
laevipes, Gazella rufifrons, 64
laevipes senegalensis, Gazella (Eu-

dorcas), 62

langheldi, Egocerus equinus, 138
langheldi, Eudorcas, 84
langheldi, Hippotragus, 137
langheldi, Hippotragus equinus,

137, 138

langheldi, Ozanna equinus, 138
laticeps, Tragelaphus locorinae,

168

latipes, Cervus, 221
latipes, Cervus (Styloceros), 221
Le Kevel, 61
Leptoceros, 40
Leptoceros abu-harab, 68
leptoceros abu-harah, Gazella, 68
leptoceros, Antilope, 64, 67
leptoceros, Antilope (Leptoceros),

68

Leptoceros cuvieri, 68
leptoceros, Gazella, 67, 68
leptoceros, Gazella leptoceros, 69
(Leptoceros) leptoceros, Antilope,

68

leptoceros loderi, Gazella, 69
leptoceros typica, Gazella, 69
Lesser Kudu, 192
leucophaea, Antilope, 132, 153

INDEX

275

leucophiea, Antilope (Bubalis),

132

leucophsea, Capra, 132
leucophieus, jEgoceros, 137
leucophaeus, yEgocerus, 134
leucophaBus, Aigocerus, 133
leucophieus, Antilope (Aigocerus),

133
leucophaeus, Antilope (Egocerus),

132
leucophaeus, Cerophorus (Oryx),

132
leucophaeus, Hippotragus, 132,

133, 134

leucopus, Antilope, 225
leucoryx, Antilope, 127, 129
leucoryx, Cerophorus (Oryx), 130
leucoryx, Oryx, 127, 129, 130
leucoryx pallasi, Oryx, 130
liebrechtsi, Okapia, 259
Limnotragus, 185
Limnotragus gratus, 188
Limnotragus gratus selousi, 189
Limnotragus selousi, 189
(Limnotragus) spekei, Trage-
laphus, 185, 186
(Limnotragus) spekei ugallse,

Tragelaphus, 186
Limnotragus spekii, 186
Lithocranius, 113
Lit [h] ocranius (Gazella) walleri,

114

Lithocranius sclateri, 116
Lithocranius walleri, 114
Lithocranius walleri sclateri, 116
Lithocranius walleri walleri, 115
littoralis, Gazella, 76
littoralis, Gazella littoralis, 77
littoralis osiris, Gazella, 78
livingstonei, Taurotragus oreas,

212
livingstonei, Taurotragus oryx,

212

livingstoni, Oreas canna, 212
livingstonianus, Taurotragus oryx,

212

livingstonii, Antilope (Taurotra-
gus), 212

livingstonii, Oreas, 212
locorinae laticeps, Tragelaphus,

168

locorinoe, Tragelaphus, 168
locorinae, Tragelaphus scriptus,

168

loderi, Gazella, 68, 69
loderi, Gazella leptoceros, 69

macrocephala, Eudorcas thom-

soni, 84

maculata, Cenias, 71
niakalae, Tragelaphus scriptus,

157

manyaree, Eudorcas, 84
marica, Gazella, 60
marsupialis, Antidorcas, 109, 111
marsupialis, Antidorcas marsu-
pialis, 111

marsupialis, Antilope, 109
marsupialis, Cemas, 110
marsupialis centralis, Antidorcas,

112

marwitzi, Eudorcas thomsoni, 84
massaicus, Tragelaphus, 173
massaicus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

173

Matschiea, 85
Matschiea granti, 86
melainpus, yEpyceras, 6
melampus, JEpyceros, 5, 6
melampus, -<Epyceros melarapus,

8

melampus, Antilope, 5
melampus holubi, ^Epyceros, 9
melampus johnstoni, jEpyceros, 9
melampus katangae, ^pyceros, 10
melampus petersi, ^pyceros, 12
melampus rendilis, ^Epyceros, 11
melampus suara, ^Epyceros, 10
melampus typicus, ^Epyceros, 8
melanura, Antilope, 81
melanura, Gazella, 81
meneliki, Tragelaphus, 160
meridionalis, Tragelaphus cottoni,

167

merrilli, Gazella, 56
meruensis, Tragelaphus scriptus,

175
meruensis, Tragelaphus sylvati-

cus, 175
mexicana, Antilocapra americana,

234

mhoks, Antilope, 105
Mhorr, 105

mhorr, Antilope, 102, 104
mhorr, Antilope (Darna), 104
mhorr, Gazella, 105
mhorr, Gazella darna, 104, 105
mhorr, Nanger, 105
mhorr reducta, Gazella, 106
mohr, Gazella, 103, 105
mohrr, Gazella, 105
mongolica, Gazella, 43
Mountain Nyala, 183

276

INDEX

multicolor, Tragelaphus, 162
multicolor, Tragelaphus scriptus,

162

mundorosica, Eudorcas, 84
muscatensis, Gazella, 60
mytilopes, Antilope, 147

Nakong, 188

nakuroensis, Eudorcas, 84

Nanger, 85, 103

Nanger dama, 103

(Nanger) dama, Gazella, 102

(Nanger) granti, Gazella, 86

Nanger mhorr, 105

(Nanger) soemmerringi casanovae,
Gazella, 100

(Nanger) soemmerringi erlangeri,
Gazella, 99

(Nanger) soemmerringi, Gazella,
96

(Nanger) soemmerringi sibyllse,
Gazella, 100

Nanguer, 103

nanguer, Antilope (Dama), 102

nanguer, Gazella, 103

Nanguer, La, 102

nasalis, Gazella thomsoni, 83

naso, Gazella, 80

naso-maculata, Antilope, 146

nasomaculata, Cerophorus (Ga-
zella), 146

nasomaculatus, Addax, 146, 147

nasomaculatus addax, Addax, 150

nasomaculatus, Addax nasoma-
culatus, 149

nasomaculatus, Oryx, 147

ndjiriensis, Eudorcas, 84

niediecki, Taurotragus oryx, 213

niger, Aigocerus, 141

niger, Hippotragus, 141, 142

niger, Hippotragus niger, 143

niger, Hippotragus (Ozanna), 142

niger kaufmanni, Hippotragus
(Ozanna), 144

niger kirki, Hippotragus, 144

niger var. kirkii, Hippotragus,
144

niger, Ozanna, 142

niger roosevelti, Hippotragus, 146

nigra, Antilope, 141

nigra, Ozanna, 142

nigrescens, Giraffa reticulata, 239

nigrinotatus, Tragelaphus, 163

nigrinotatus, Tragelaphus scrip-
tus, 163

Nilgai, 227

notata, Gazella, 94
notata, Gazella granti, 93
Nubian Giraffe, 242
Nyala, 151, 180
Nyala angasi, 180

obscurus, Tragelaphus, 157

Ocapia, 258

Ocapia johnstoni, 258

Okapia, 258

Okapia erikssoni, 259

Okapia johnstoni, 258

Okapia liebrechtsi, 259

olivaceus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

173

Onyx onyx, 120
onyx, Onyx, 120
Orasius, 236

Orasius camelopardalis, 241
Oreas, 207
oreas, Antilope, 208
oreas, Antilope (Addax), 210
oreas, Antilope (Boselaphus), 209
oreas, Antilope (Bubalis), 209
oreas, Antilope (Buselaphus), 209
oreas, Antilope (Damalis), 210
oreas, Antilope (Oreas), 209
oreas, Antilope (Taurotragus), 210
oreas, Boselaphus, 209, 216
Oreas canna, 209, 213
(Oreas) canna, Antilope, 209
Oreas canna livingstoni, 212
oreas, Capra, 209
oreas, Cerophorus (Boselaphus),

209

Oreas colini, 216
oreas, Damalis, 209
oreas, Damalis (Boselaphus), 209
Oreas derbianus, 216
Oreas derbii, 219
Oreas gigas, 219
Oreas kaufmanni, 214
oreas kaufmanni, Oreas, 214
oreas livingstonei, Taurotragus,

212

Oreas livingstonii, 212
Oreas oreas, 210
oreas, Oreas, 210
(Oreas) oreas, Antilope, 209
Oreas oreas kaufmanni, 214
Oreas oryx, 210
Oreas patter sonianus, 214
Oreas selousi, 213
oreas, Taurotragus (Boselaphus),

217
Oreas triangularis, 210

INDEX

277

Orias, 207

orientalis, Antilope, 35
ornatus, Tragelaphus, 175
ornatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

175

Oryx, 118, 127
Oryx addax, 147
Oryx algazel, 126, 127
Oryx algazel algazel, 128
Oryx algazel dammah, 129
Oryx annectens, 125
oryx, Antilope, 119, 208
oryx, Antilope (Bubalis), 120, 129
Oryx beatrix, 130
Oryx beisa, 122, 125
Oryx beisa annectens, 125
Oryx beisa beisa, 123
Oryx beisa callotis, 125
Oryx beisa gallarum, 124
Oryx beisa typica, 123
Oryx bezoarticus, 127
(Oryx) bezoastica, Antilope, 126
Oryx biessa, 122
Oryx callotis, 125
Oryx capensis, 120
oryx, Cenias, 129
oryx, Cerophorus (Oryx), 120
Oryx gazella, 119, 120
(Oryx) gazella, Cerophorus, 126
oryx gigas, Taurotragus, 218
oryx kaufmanni, Taurotragus, 214
(Oryx) leucophseus, Cerophorus,

132

Oryx leucoryx, 127, 129, 130
(Oryx) leucoryx, Cerophorus, 130
Oryx leucoryx pallasi, 130
oryx livingstonei, Taurotragus,

212
oryx livingstonianus, Taurotragus,

212

Oryx nasonaaculatus, 147
oryx niediecki, Taurotragus, 213
oryx, Oreas, 210
Oryx oryx, 120
oryx, Oryx, 120
(Oryx) oryx, Cerophorus, 120
oryx pattersonianus, Taurotragus,

214

oryx selousi, Taurotragus, 213
oryx, Taurotragus, 208, 210
oryx, Taurotragus oryx, 211
oryx typicus, Taurotragus, 211
osiris, Gazella littoralis, 78
Ovis strepsiceros, 196
Ozanna, 131
Ozanna equina, 135
III.

Ozanna equinus bakeri, 139
Ozanna equinus langheldi, 138
Ozanna niger, 142
(Ozanna) niger, Hippotragus, 142
Ozanna nigra, 142
(Ozanna) niger kaufmanni, Hip-
potragus. 144
Ozanna roosevelti, 146

paccerois, Tetraceros, 222
Pala, 6
Palla, 6

pallah, Antilope, 6
pallasi, Oryx leucoryx, 130
palmata, Antilope, 231
Pantholops, 18
Pantholops hodgsoni, 18
pasan, Antilope, 120
pasan, Cemas, 120
pattersonianus, Oreas, 214
pattersonianus, Taurotragus oryx,

214

Pelzeln's Gazelle, 79
pelzelni, Gacella, 79
pelzelni, Gazella, 78
peninsularis, Antilocapra ameri-

cana, 234
peralta, Giraffa camelopardalis,

246

permista, Gazella dama, 106
Persian Gazelle, 43
petersi, ^Epyceras, 12
petersi, ^Epyceros, 12
petersi, ^Epyceros melampus, 12
petersi, Gazella, 95
petersi, Gazella granti, 95
phalerata, Antilope, 157
phalerata, Antilope (Tragelaphus),

157

phalerata, Tragelaphus, 157
phaleratus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

157

picta, Antilope, 225
picta, Antilope (Bubalus), 226
picta. Antilope (Cephalophus) ,

226

picta, Antilope (Damalis), 226
picta, Cemas, 226
picta, Damalis, 226
picta, Portax, 226
picticauda, Gazella, 30
picticaudata, Antilope. 30
picticaudata, Gacella, 30
picticaudata, Gazella, 30
picticaudata, Gazella (Procapra),

30

T 2

278

INDEX

picticaudata, Procapra, 30

pictus, Boselaphus, 226

pictus, Tragelaphus scriptus, 164

Portax, 224

Portax picta, 226

(Portax) risia, Damalis, 226

Portax tragelaphus, 226

Portax tragocamelus, 226

powelli, Tragelaphus, 161

powelli, Tragelaphus scriptus, 161

Procapra, 29

Procapra altaica, 39

Procapra gutturosa, 35

(Procapra) gutturosa, Gazella, 34,

35

Procapra picticaudata, 30
(Procapra) picticaudata, Gazella,

30

Procapra przewalskii, 33
(Procapra) przewalskii, Gazella,

32

Prongbuck, 231
Pronghorn, 231
przewalskii, Gazella, 33
przewalskii, Gazella (Procapra),

32

przewalskii, Procapra, 33
punctatus, Tragelapus scriptus,

165

pygarga, Antilope, 110
pygargus, Capra, 110

quadricornis, Antilope, 220
quadricornis, Antilope (Grimmia),

221
quadricornis, Antilope (Tetra-

ceros), 221
quadricornis, Cerophorus (Cervi-

capra), 220

quadricornis, Tetracerus, 220, 221
quadricornis typicus, Tetraceros,

222

Eagoa, 31

raineyi, Gazella granti, 92
recticornis, Antilope, 119
recticornis, Gazella, 119
reducta, Gazella dama, 106
reducta, Gazella mhorr, 106
rendilis, -<Epyceros melampus, 11
reticulata, Giraffa, 236
reticulata, Giraffa camelopardalis,

236

reticulata, Giraffa reticulata, 238
reticulata nigrescens, Giraffa, 239
reticulatus, Giraffa, 237

Ehim, 60, 68

risia, Damalis, 226

risia, Damalis (Portax), 226

Roan Antelope, 135

robertsi, Gazella granti, 91

roosevelti, Gazella granti, 90

roosevelti, Hippotragus niger,

146

roosevelti, Ozanna, 146
rothschildi, Giraffa camelopar-
dalis, 248, 251
roualeynei, Antelopus, 176
roualeynei, Tragelaphus, 176
roualeyni fasciatus, Tragelaphus,

163
roualeyni, Tragelaphus scriptus,

176
roualeyni, Tragelaphus sylvati-

cus, 176
roualeyni typicus, Tragelaphus,

176

rueppelli, Gazella arabica, 59
ruficollis, Antilope, 107
ruficollis, Gazella, 107
ruficollis, Gazella dama, 106, 107
rufifrons albonotata, Gazella, 82
rufifrons centralis, Gazella, 66
rufifrons, Gazella, 61
rufifrons, Gazella (Korin), 62
rufifrons, Gazella rufifrons, 63
rufifrons hasleri, Gazella, 65
rufifrons kanuri, Gazella, 65
rufifrons laevipes, Gazella, 64
rufifrons salmi, Gazella, 64
rufifrons typica, Gazella, 63
rufina, Gazella, 66
rufopallidus, Hippotragus, 137
rufopallidus, Hippotragus equinus,

137

rupicapra, Antilope, 24
ruwanae, Eudorcas, 84

sabakiensis, Eudorcas, 84

Sable Antelope, 142

saccata, Antilope, 110

Saiga, 13, 15

saiga, Antilope, 13

saiga, Antilope (Gazella), 14

saiga, Cerophorus (Antilope), 14

Saiga colus, 15

saiga, Colus, 15

Saiga saiga, 15

saiga, Saiga, 15

Saiga tatarica, 13

Saigak, 15

Saikik, 46

INDEX

279

sairensis, Gazella subgutturosa,

45

Sala (Swahili), 95
saliens, Antilope, 110
salmi, Gazella, 64
salmi, Gazella rufifrons, 64
saltans, Antilope, 110
saltatrix, Antilope, 110
sassae, Tragelaphus dianae, 168
sayga, Capra, 14

scharicus, Egocerus equinus, 139
scharicus, Hippotragus equinus,

139

schillingsi, Eudorcas, 84
schillingsi, Giraffa, 251
schillingsi, Giraffacamelopardalis,

251

sclateri, Lithocranius, 116
sclateri, Lithocranius walleri, 116
scripta, Antilope, 152
scripta, Antilope (Addax), 153
scripta, Calliope, 153
scriptus bor, Tragelaphus, 164
scriptus, Cemas, 153
scriptus cottoni, Tragelaphus, 167
scriptus dama, Tragelaphus, 170
scriptus decula, Tragelaphus, 159
scriptus delamerei, Tragelaphus,

171

scriptus dianae, Tragelaphus, 168
scriptus eldomae, Tragelaphus,

172
scriptus fasciatus, Tragelaphus,

163
scriptus haywoodi, Tragelaphus,

170
scriptus knutsoni, Tragelaphus,

158
scriptus locorinae, Tragelaphus,

168
scriptus makalae, Tragelaphus,

157
scriptus massaicus, Tragelaphus,

173
scriptus meneliki, Tragelaphus,

160
scriptus meruensis, Tragelaphus,

175
scriptus multicolor, Tragelaphus,

162

scriptus nigrinotatus, Tragela-
phus, 163
scriptus olivaceus, Tragelaphus,

173
scriptus ornatus, Tragelaphus,

175

scriptus phaleratus, Tragelaphus,

157

scriptus pictus, Tragelaphus, 164
scriptus powelli, Tragelaphus, 161
scriptus punctatus, Tragelaphus,

scriptus roualeyni, Tragelaphus,

176
scriptus signatus, Tragelaphus,

scriptus sylvaticus, Tragelaphus,

177, 178

scriptus tjaederi, Tragelaphus, 171
scriptus, Tragelaphus, 152, 153
scriptus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

155

scriptus typicus, Tragelaphus, 155
scriptus uellensis, Tragelaphus,

166

scythica, Antilope, 14
seistanica, Gazella, 47
selousi, Limnotragus, 189
selousi, Limnotragus gratus, 189
selousi, Oreas, 213
selousi, Taurotragus oryx, 213
selousi, Tragelaphus, 189
selousi, Tragelaphus spekei, 189
senegalensis, Gazella (Eudorcas)

laevipes, 62

sennaarensis, Camelopardalis, 244
Seren, 35

serengetae, Gazella granti, 94
sibyllae, Gazella (Nanger) soem-

merringi, 100
sibyllae, Gazella soemmerringi,

100
signatus, Tragelaphus scriptus,

165

simplex, Tragelaphus dianae, 168
Sitatunga or Situtunga, 189
smithi, Gazella granti, 93
Soemmerring's Gazelle, 97
soemmerringi, Antilope, 96
soemmerringi berberana, Gazella,

100
soemmerringi butteri, Gazella,

101
soemmerringi casanovae, Gazella,

100
soemmerringi casanovae, Gazella

(Nanger), 100
soemmerringi erlangeri, Gazella,

99
soemmerringi erlangeri, Gazella

(Nanger), 99
soemmerringi, Gacella, 97

280

INDEX

soemmerringi, Gazella, 96
soeinmerringi, Gazella (Nanger),

96

soemmerringi, Gazella soemmer-
ringi, 98
soemmerringi sibyllse, Gazella,

100
soemmerringi sibyllae, Gazella

(Nanger), 100

soemmerringi typica, Gazella, 98
soemmerringii, Antilope, 86
speekei, Tragelaphus, 186
spekei albonotatus, Tragelaphus,

189

spekei, Gacella, 80
spekei, Gazella, 78, 80
spekei gratus, Tragelaphus, 188
spekei selousi, Tragelaphus, 189
spekei, Tragelaphus, 185, 189
spekei, Tragelaphus (Limnotra-

gus), 185, 186

spekei, Tragelaphus spekei, 186
spekei typicus, Tragelaphus, 186
spekei ugallae, Tragelaphus (Lim-

notragus), 186
spekii, Eurycerus, 186
spekii, Eurycerus (Hydrotragus),

185

spekii, Limnotragus, 186
Springbok, 111
Springbuck, 111
Strepsiceros, 191
Strepsiceros abyssinicus, 202
Strepsiceros angasi, 180
Strepsiceros, Antilope, 196
Strepsiceros, Antilope (Addax),

198
Strepsiceros, Antilope (Gazella),

196

Strepsiceros, Antilope (Tragela-
phus), 197

Strepsiceros bea, Strepsiceros, 201
Strepsiceros buxtoni, 182
Strepsiceros, Calliope, 197
Strepsiceros capensis, 197
Strepsiceros capensis chora, 202
(Strepsiceros) capensis, Damalis,

198

Strepsiceros capensis typicus, 200
Strepsiceros, Capra, 196
Strepsiceros, Cemas, 24
Strepsiceros, Cerophorus (Tragela-
phus), 196

Strepsiceros cervicapra, 24
Strepsiceros chora, Strepsiceros,
202

Strepsiceros, Damalis, 197
Strepsiceros, Damalis (Strepsi-
ceros), 197

Strepsiceros excelsus, 198
Strepsiceros hoodoo, 197
Strepsiceros imberbis, 192
Strepsiceros imberbis australis,

195
Strepsiceros imberbis imberbis,

194

Strepsiceros kudu, 197
Strepsiceros, Ovis, 196
Strepsiceros Strepsiceros, 196, 197
Strepsiceros, Strepsiceros, 196, 197
Strepsiceros Strepsiceros bea, 201
Strepsiceros Strepsiceros chora,

202

(Strepsiceros) Strepsiceros, Da-
malis, 197

Strepsiceros Strepsiceros Strepsi-
ceros, 200
Strepsiceros, Strepsiceros strepsi-

ceros, 200
Strepsiceros Strepsiceros zambe-

siensis, 198
Strepsiceros suara, 10
Strepsiceros tendal, 192
Strepsiceros, Tragelaphus, 198
Strepsiceros zambesiensis, Strep-
siceros, 198

striaticornis, Tetraceros, 221
(Styloceros) latipes. Cervus, 221
suara, ^Epyceros, 10
suara, ^Epyceros melampus, 10
suara, Strepsiceros, 10
sub-4-cornutus, Antilope, 222
subgutturosa, Antilope, 42
subgutturosa, Antilope (Gazella),

43

subgutturosa, Cerophorus (Ga-
zella), 43

subgutturosa, Gazella, 42, 43
subgutturosa, Gazella subguttu-
rosa, 44
subgutturosa sairensis, Gazella,

45

subgutturosa typica, Gazella, 44
subgutturosa yarkandensis, Ga-
zella, 46

subquadricornis, Tetraceros, 222
subquadricornutus, Tetraceros,

222

sundevalli, Gazella dorcas, 72
suturosa, Antilope, 147
sylvatica, Antilope, 177
sylvatica, Antilope (Gazella), 177

INDEX

281

sylvatica, Antilope (Tragelaphus),
178 e

sylvatica, Calliope, 178

sylvatica, Cemas, 177

sylvaticus meruensis, Tragela-
phus, 175

sylvaticus roualeyni, Tragela-
phus, 176

sylvaticus, Tragelaphus, 176, 177

sylvaticus, Tragelaphus scriptus,
177, 178

Tana Giraffe, 250

tao, Antilope, 126

tatarica, Antilope, 15

tatarica, Capra. 13, 14

tatarica, Saiga, 13

tataricus, Colus, 15

Taurotragus, 207

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) gigas,
218

Taurotragus (Boselaphus) oreas,
217

Taurotragus derbianus, 216, 219

(Taurotragus) derbianus, Anti-
lope, 216

Taurotragus derbianus congo-
lanus, 219

Taurotragus derbianus derbianus,
217

Taurotragus derbianus gigas, 217,
218

Taurotragus derbianus typicus,
217

Taurotragus gigas, 218

(Taurotragus) livingstonii, Anti-
lope, 212

(Taurotragus) oreas, Antilope, 210

Taurotragus oreas livingstonei,
212

Taurotragus oryx, 208, 210

Taurotragus oryx gigas, 218

Taurotragus oryx kaufmanni, 214

Taurotragus oryx livingstonei,
212

Taurotragus oryx livingstonianus,
212

Taurotragus oryx niediecki, 213

Taurotragus oryx oryx, 211

Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus,
214

Taurotragus oryx selousi, 213

Taurotragus oryx typicus, 211

tendal, Antilope, 202

tendal, Strepsiceros, 192

Tetraceros, 220

Tetraceros iodes, 222
Tetraceros paccerois, 222
(Tetraceros) quadricornis, Anti-
lope, 221
Tetraceros quadricornis typicus,

222

Tetraceros striaticornis, 221
Tetraceros subquadricornis, 222
Tetraceros subquadricornutus, 222
Tetracerus, 220
Tetracerus chickara, 221
Tetracerus quadricornis, 220, 221
tetracornis, Antilope, 221
thomsoni arushce, Eudorcas, 84
thornsoni behni, Eudorcas, 84
thomsoni bergerinse, Eudorcas, 84
thomsoni dieseneri, Eudorcas, 84
thomsoni dongilanensis, Eudor-
cas, 84

thomsoni, Eudorcas, 83
thomsoni, Gacella, 83
thomsoni, Gazella, 83
thomsoni macrocephala, Eudor-
cas, 84

thomsoni marwitzi, Eudorcas, 84
thomsoni nasalis, Gazella, 83
thornicrofti, Giraffa camelopar-

dalis, 252

tigrinum, Helladotherium, 259
tilonura, Antilope, 81
tilonura, Gazella, 81
tippelskirchi, Giraffa, 251
tippelskirchi, Giraffa camelopar-

dalis, 250, 251
tjaederi, Tragelaphus, 171
tjaederi, Tragelaphus scriptus, 171
torticornis, Antilope, 198
Tragelaphus, 151, 152, 161
Tragelaphus albo-virgatus, 203
Tragelaphus albovittatus, 203
Tragelaphus angasi, 179
Tragelaphus bor, 164
Tragelaphus buxtoni, 182
Tragelaphus cottoni, 167
Tragelaphus cottoni dodingse, 167
Tragelaphus cottoni meridionalis,

167

Tragelaphus dama, 170
Tragelaphus decula, 159
(Tragelaphus) decula, Antilope,

159
Tragelaphus decula fulvo-ochra-

ceus, 159

Tragelaphus delamerei, 171
Tragelaphus dianse, 168
Tragelaphus dianae sassse, 168

282

INDEX

Tragelaphus dianae simplex, 168
Tragelaphus eldomae, 172
Tragelaphus eurycerus, 203
Tragelaphus fasciatus, 163
Tragelaphus gratus, 157, 188
Tragelaphus gratus albonotatus,

189

Tragelaphus haywoodi, 170
Tragelaphus haywoodi brunneus,

170

Tragelaphus hippelaphus, 226
Tragelaphus knutsoni, 158
Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spe-

kei, 185, 186
Tragelaphus (Limnotragus) spe-

kei ugallae, 186
Tragelaphus locorinae, 168
Tragelaphus locorinae laticeps,

168

Tragelaphus massaicus, 173
Tragelaphus meneliki, 160
Tragelaphus multicolor, 162
Tragelaphus nigrinotatus, 163
Tragelaphus obscurus, 157
Tragelaphus ornatus, 175
Tragelaphus phalerata, 157
(Tragelaphus) phalerata, Antilope,

157

tragelaphus, Portax, 226
Tragelaphus powelli, 161
Tragelaphus roualeynei, 176
Tragelaphus roualeyni fasciatus,

163
Tragelaphus roualeyni typicus,

176

Tragelaphus scriptus, 152, 153
Tragelaphus scriptus bor, 164
Tragelaphus scriptus cottoni, 167
Tragelaphus scriptus dama, 170
Tragelaphus scriptus decula, 159
Tragelaphus scriptus delamerei,

171

Tragelaphus scriptus dianae, 168
Tragelaphus scriptus eldomae, 172
Tragelaphus scriptus fasciatus,

163
Tragelaphus scriptus haywoodi,

170
Tragelaphus scriptus knutsoni,

158
Tragelaphus scriptus locorinae,

168

Tragelaphus scriptus makalae, 157
Tragelaphus scriptus massaicus,

173
Tragelaphus scriptus meneliki, 160

Tragelaphus scriptus meruensis,

175
Tragelaphus scriptus multicolor,

162

Tragelaphus scriptus nigrinota-
tus, 163
Tragelaphus scriptus obscurus,

157
Tragelaphus scriptus olivaceus,

173

Tragelaphus scriptus ornatus, 175
Tragelaphus scriptus pictus, 164
Tragelaphus scriptus powelli, 161
Tragelaphus scriptus punctatus,

165
Tragelaphus - scriptus roualeyni,

176

Tragelaphus scriptus scriptus, 155
Tragelaphus scriptus signatus, 165
Tragelaphus scriptus sylvaticus,

177, 178

Tragelaphus scriptus tjaederi, 171
Tragelaphus scriptus typicus, 155
Tragelaphus scriptus uellensis,

166

Tragelaphus selousi, 189
Tragelaphus speekei, 186
Tragelaphus spekei, 185, 189
Tragelaphus spekei albonotatus,

189

Tragelaphus spekei gratus, 188
Tragelaphus spekei selousi, 189
Tragelaphus spekei spekei, 186
Tragelaphus spekei typicus, 186
Tragelaphus strepsiceros, 198
(Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Anti-
lope, 197
(Tragelaphus) strepsiceros, Cero-

phorus, 196
(Tragelaphus) sylvatica, Antilope,

178

Tragelaphus sylvaticus, 176, 177
Tragelaphus sylvaticus meruensis,

175
Tragelaphus sylvaticus roualeyni,

176

Tragelaphus tjaederi, 171
tragocamelus, Antilope, 225
tragocamelus, Antilope (Bubalis),

226
tragocamelus, Boselaphus, 225,

226

tragocamelus, Cemas, 226
tragocamelus, Portax, 226
Tragops, 40
Tragops bennettii, 51

INDEX

283

Tragopsis, 40
Tragopsis bennettii, 51
Tragopsis hazenna, 51
triangularis, Antilope, 210
triangularis, Doratoceros, 210
triangularis, Oreas, 210
trutcri, Antilope, 134
tzeiran, Antilope, 35
Tzeiran, La Gazelle, 132

uellensis, Tragelaphus scriptus,

166
u gallic, Tragelaphus (Limno-

tragus) spekei, 186

vera, Gazella, 57

walleri, Gazella, 114
walleri, Lithocranius, 114

walleri, Lit [h] ocranius (Gazella),

114

walleri, Lithocranius walleri, 115
walleri sclateri, Lithocranius, 116
wardi, Giraffa camelopardalis, 255
wembaerensis, Eudorcas, 84
White Oryx, 127

yarcandensis, Gazella, 46
Yarkand Gazelle, 46
yarkandensis, Gazella, 46
yarkandensis, Gazella subguttu-

rosa, 46
yarkandensis kennioni, Gazella,

49

zambesiensis, Strepsiceros strepsi-

ceros, 198
Zeren, 35
Zwart Wit Pens, 142

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