ose —. yas We AN Shey Ps Se phe eis ey < e- ate ~ pa Ss aD mf 12 ‘ ath Pe ae +) .. Rua) Gans a Se : ra 4 “¢ 2? $ Fon eCK DIST . Q.- Q x ‘NorTH AMERICAN Birps OF PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE American Ornithologists’ Union SECOND AND REVISED EDITION Privat Droverty oF Dr.C.W. Stiles i : ae é ——_ @0ologist, B.A. I. Zodlogical Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science NEW YORK AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION 1895 ~oF oe ae ie Nah SR an Copyright, 1895, | | ih By AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION. \ i ; { Cambridge, Mass.: Press oF Epwarp W. WuHrELER. | “0 i Whe ca Witenes saline ie « . ean wiht i t } ’ i Mt ) . wisi ( \eeiy 0 ins PREBAGK TO) THE FIRST “EDITION: T the first Congress of the American Ornithologists’ Union, held in New York, September 26-29, 1883, the following resolution was adopted : — “ Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Committee of five, including himself, to whom shall be referred the question of a Re- vision of the Classification and Nomenclature of the Birds of North America.” In pursuance of this resolution the following Committee was appointed: Messrs. Coues, Allen, Ridgway, Brewster, and Henshaw. The Committee, having held numerous sessions in Wash- ington and New York, presented its Report at the second Con- gress of the Union, held in New York, Sept. 30 to Oct. 2, 1884, when the following resolution was adopted : — “ Resolved, That the Report of the Committee on the Revision of the Nomenclature and Classification of North American Birds be ac- cepted and adopted, and that it be recommitted to the Committee, with instructions to complete and submit it to the Council as soon as practicable; and that the Council be empowered and instructed to accept and adopt the Report as finally rendered, with such modifica- tions as they may deem necessary, and to publish the same, copy- righted, in part or in whole, and in one or more forms, in the name and under the auspices of the American Ornithologists’ Union.” The Committee, having continued its sessions, presented its final report to the Council at a meeting held in Washington iv PREFACE. on the 21st of April, 1885, when the Report of the Committee was accepted and adopted, and was referred again to the Com- mittee for publication, the Committee to exercise such edi- torial revison as might seem necessary. Pursuant to the foregoing resolutions of the Union and Council, the Committee now offers to the public, in the name and on behalf of the Union, the result of its labors, consist- ing of a List of North American Birds, preceded by the Code of Rules adopted by the Committee for its guidance in the preparation of the List. The Committee ventures to hope that the new Code will find favor, not only with ornithologists, but among zodlo- gists generally. ‘ ELLIOTT COUES. 1, A ATES ROBERT RIDGWAY. WILLIAM BREWSTER. H. W. HENSHAW. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. T the Eleventh Congress of the American Ornithologists’ Union, held in Cambridge, Mass., November 20-23, 1894, it was voted to publish, as early as practicable, a new edition of the Union’s Check-List of North American Birds, to include the numerous additions and nomenclatural changes made in the several Supplements! to the Check-List since the publication of the original edition, together with a revision of the ‘ habitats’ of the species and subspecies, but omitting the Code of Nomenclature.?, The original Com- 1 Supplement | to the | Code of Nomenclature and Check-List | of | North American Birds | adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union | Prepared by | a Committee of the Union | — | New York | American Omithologists’ Union | 1889. — 8vo, pp. 23. Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. Zhe Auk, VII, Jan. 1890, pp. 60-66. Also separate. Third Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. Zhe Auk, VIII, Jan. 1891, pp. 83-90. Also separate. Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, IX, Jan. 1892, pp. 105-108. Also separate. Fifth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. Zhe Auk, X, Jan. 1893, pp. 59-63. Also separate. Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. Zhe Auk, XI, Jan. 1894, pp. 46-51. Also separate. Seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. Zhe Auk, XII, April, 1894, pp. 163-169. Also separate. Check-List | of | North American Birds | according to the Canons of Nomen- clature | of the | American Ornithologists’ Union | — | Abridged Edition | Re- vised | — | Published by the American Ornithologists’ Union | 1889. — 8vo, pp. 71. Includes the additions to the original Check-List made in the first Supplement. * Republished separately in 1892 asa pamphlet of 72 pages with the following title: The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists’ Union | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists’ Union | 1892. vi PREFACE. mittee on Classification and Nomenclature of North Amer- ican Birds was reappointed! to take charge of the work. The Committee held sessions in Washington, D. C., January 15-19, 1894, and February 12, 13, 1895. to outline the work and to rule on the questions involved in the publication of the revised List. The revision of the matter relating to the geographic distribution of the species and subspecies was undertaken by the Committee as a whole, each member in turn taking it in hand, while the incorporation of typographic and other rectifications made during the sessions of the Com- mittee,? and the final preparation of the manuscript for the printer, was referred to a subcommittee consisting of the Editor of ‘ The Auk,’ to whom was also assigned the general editorial supervision of the work. The following extracts from the Introduction to the Code of Nomenclature (pp. 14, 15) will serve to explain the scope and plan of the Check-List, including the method of incor- porating additions. “yz, That the term ‘ North American,’ as applied to the proposed List of Birds, be held to include the continent of North America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland ; and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging thereto. ‘2. That species be numbered consecutively, and that subspecies be enumerated by affixing the letters a, 0, c, etc., to the number borne by their respective species ; provided, that any subspecies of a species not included in the North American Fauna shall be separately num- bered as if a species. “3. That stragglers or accidental visitors, not regarded as com- ponents of the North American Fauna, be distinguished by having their respective numbers in brackets. 1 With the exception of Mr. H. W. Henshaw, who was unable to serve, and Dr. C. Hart Merriam was appointed in his stead. *The Committee desires to here acknowledge valuable assistance received, especially in the preparation of the geographic portions of the list, from Major Charles Bendire, Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Dr. Walter Faxon, Dr. A. K. Fisher, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr.,and Dr. T.S. Palmer. The Committee is further indebted to Dr. Palmer for numerous corrections in the citations of original references. PREFAGE. vii “4. That any subsequent additions to the list be interpolated in systematic order, and bear the number of the species immediately preceding, with the addition of a figure (1, 2, etc., as the case may require), separated from the original number by a period or decimal point, thus giving the interpolated number a decimal form (e. g., 243-1, etc.), in order that the original numbers may be permanent. * * * * * * * “6, That Giraud’s at present unconfirmed species of Texan birds be included in the List on Giraud’s authority. “7, That species and subspecies the zodlogical status of which cannot be satisfactorily determined, like, ¢. g., Regulus cuviert and Spiza townsendi of Audubon, be referred to a hypothetical list, in each case with a brief statement of the reasons for such allocation. “8. That a list of the fossil species of North American birds be added as an Appendix to the List proper. “o. That the names of subgeneric and supergeneric groups of North American birds be included in the List in systematic order, to the end that the List may represent a classification as well as a nomenclature of the birds. “ro. That references be given to the original description of the species,.and to the publication where the name as adopted in the List was first used; that the number borne by each species and sub- species in the Lists of Baird, 1858, of Coues, 1873, of Ridgway, 1880, and of Coues, 1882, be bracketed in chronological order after the synonymatic references. “rr. That a summary statement of the.habitat of each species and subspecies, with special reference to its North American range, be included in the List. “12. That the name of each bird shall consist of its generic without its subgeneric name, and of its specific with its subspecific name, if it have one, without the intervention of any other term. * * * * * * * “14. That every technical name be followed by a vernacular name, selected with due regard to its desirability. ‘‘75. That the name of each species and subspecies be followed by the name of the original describer of the same, to be enclosed in parentheses when it is not also the authority for the name adopted. viii PREFACE. “16. That all specific and subspecific names shall begin with a lower-case letter. “17, That the sequence in classification followed in previous Lists be reversed, the List to begin with the lowest or most general- ized type, and end with the highest or most specialized.” ELLIOTT COUES. 7. A. ALDEN: WILLIAM BREWSTER. C. HART MERRIAM. ROBERT RIDGWAY. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION : : , 5) (ise PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION . \ : Vv CHECK-LIST . ‘ 4 : : : ; , I ~ I. PYGOPODES I a. Podicipedes I 1. Podicipidz : : : : L ; : é : I b. Cepphi . é A : : : : : 3 2. Urinatoride . : s : : : ; : : 3 2p AleGidze) |). ‘ : : : s ! 5 y» Il. LONGIPENNES . : s : Z : ; 4 ; wes 4. -Stercorariide : . : : : : : : Coates 5. Laride . : : : : : 4 j : ’ BMS His 6. Rynchopidez : : : : : : : a en III. TUBINARES “ : 4 : : ; : : Y . Mere: 7. Diomedeidz é , : : ; b : , mauineke! 8. Procellariidz : : : ; : é Bin ninee) IV. STEGANOPODES ‘ ‘ . ; : . : Sa 8) 9g. Phaéthontide . . : , : ; ; : nM Gp 10. Sulide . : : ; ; : : : J i He Wa) 11. Anhingide . 5 : : ; : i ; 5 NAL 12. Phalacrocoracide f ! : ‘ : ; : Dial hys o) 13. Pelecanide . “ . ‘ : ‘ 4 : ; SWI es 14. Fregatide . : : : ” : : y : WAG v V. ANSERES . : ‘ ; ‘ : 4 : : Ny 27; 15. Anatidz : : : . - ‘ ( : : BUN) . VI. ODONTOGLOSS A : i ! , : : ; ! ; AAG) 6, 16. Phoenicopteride , 4 : : : , : ; ae: L’VII. HERODIONES . ; . ; d “ , : ; : GG Ca PGES! |). 4 : : ; : : é : : OO) 17. Plataleide . 4 5 : ‘ : ; : k ANH Ta 18. Ibididz SHANI PALS SENHA UHK) De TuMRORRH eS 2 Net x TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE d. Ciconiz ; ; ! : : : ; c : f GS 19. Ciconiide . : . 4 : Y : : : . 68 e. Herodii . : : : : , ; : ; : : 2 6Q 20. Ardeidz 5 : : : ; 5 : a) OQ ¥ VIII. PALUDICOLZ . : ; ' : : : hers eutaTUes i ‘ ; ; P : : : SMO 21. Gruide 3 : : : i : : : BNA g. Ralli 4 : ; : ; : ; , ‘ ; ; See 22. Aramide : 2 : ; : : : : ; a) 70 23. Rallidz : ; : , : ; : ; : Beat (5 v IX. LimicoLz : : : A : ; 4 : : : SPN? 24. Phalaropodide . : : : : : : : 82 25. Recurvirostride . : 3 , : : : 4 SMO: 26. Scolopacide . ; : ; : : : : : 3) 84 27. Charadriidz ; ; , P ! : ‘ ; Jag 28. Aphrizide . t : ¢ : «nat 29. Hematopodide . } : : LOH: 30. Jacanide 3 : : : aeROS Ae OUT COG ors oN ee ea SDN UAT NTN DMRS! ec hk. Phasiani ; ; : : : , : : a OF 31. Tetraonide . i : : : , : A uel 32. Phasianide . : ; : : : ; ; s Say z. Penelopes ; , : : : 4 : : EEG 33. Cracidze : é : : : : Ba Co) “ XI. CoLuMBz : ; : : : ; SSNs y hatin ie) 34. Columbide . : : : - : Se ays. XII. RAPTORES . : : : Y ; , ; : : ees j- Sarcorhamphi : ; : ; Neu 79/1 35. Cathartide . ‘ d s aye poy | k. Falcones : ; - : 7 Z ¢ : : : 2 eT26 36. Falconide . ‘ P i P : : { n26 (BNSI PREIS | 4 : ; x ; ; : “ : é nae 37. Strigide s y : A : i : i see 38. Bubonide j : : ‘ i ) E : ; . 142 UT We STEEACT é ! i { : : " : } ; 5) ge 39. Psittacide , : : : : A ; 7 A Sey tis72 XIV. CoccyGEs . : : : . ; ; - 4 : F a ae m. Cuculi. : , ee Fs ‘ : f . : 3 avian 40. Cuculidz . : ° . . : . . . - 153 n. Trogones ; : : : : ; : : : :

280,R) 472, (© pcg. Geoc. Dist.— British America, east of the Rocky Mountains, and west in Alaska to the Pacific coast at Kadiak and St. Michaels, southeastward to northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, northern New York, and northern New England. 299. Dendragapus franklinii (Douct.). Franklin’s Grouse. Tetrao franklinii Doucu. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. ili. 1829, 139. Dendragapus franklini Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 350° [B 461, C 380a, R 472a, C 556.] Groc. Dist.— Northern Rocky Mountains, from northwestern Montana to the coast ranges of Oregon and Washington, and _ north- ward in British America, reaching the Pacific coast of southern Alaska (lat. 60° N.). I1i2 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Grenus BONASA STEPHENS. Bonasa StepuH. Gen. Zool. XI. 1819, 298. Type, Zetrao umbellus LINN. 300. Bonasa umbellus (Liny.). Ruffed Grouse. Tetrao umbellus Linn. 5S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 275. Bonasa umbellus StePH. Gen. Zool. XI. 1819, 300. [B 465, C 385, R 473, C 565.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to Minnesota, south in the mountains to northern Georgia, Mississippi, and Arkansas. 300 a. Bonasa umbellus togata (LINN.). Canadian Ruffed Grouse. Tetrao togatus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1766, 275. Bonasa umbellus togata Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, Shey [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— The spruce forests of northern New England, northern New York, and the British Provinces, west to Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia, north to James Bay. 300 4. Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Doucl1.). Gray Ruffed Grouse. Tetrao umbelloides Doucu. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. iii. 1829, 148. Bonasa umbellus var. umbelloides Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 925. [B 465%, C 385a, R 473a, C 566.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States and British America, north to Alaska, east to Manitoba. 300 ¢c. Bonasa umbellus sabini (Douct.). Oregon Ruffed Grouse. Tetrao sabini Doucu. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. ili. 1829, 137. Bonasa umbellus var. sabinei COUES, Key, 1872, 235. ORDER GALLIN. rig [B 466, C 3854, R 4734, C 567-] Geoc. Dist.— Coast ranges of northern California, Oregon, Wash- ington, and British Columbia. Genus LAGOPUS Brisson. Lagopus Briss. Ornith, I. 1760, 181. Type, Zetrao lagopus LINN. 301. Lagopus lagopus (LInv.). Willow Ptarmigan. Tetrao lagopus LINN. S. N. ed. ro, I. 1758, 159. Lagopus lagopus STEJN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 20. [B 467, 470, C 386, R 474, C 568. ] Groc. Dist.— Arctic regions; in America south to Sitka and the British Provinces. Breeding range restricted to the arctic and sub- arctic regions, mainly north of 55° N. lat. Accidental in New England (Bangor, Me., and Essex Co., Mass.). 301a. Lagopus lagopus alleni Srejn. Allen’s Ptarmigan. Lagopus alba allent SvEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 369. Lagopus lagopus allent St¥jN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 20. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Newfoundland. 302. Lagopus rupestris (GMEL.). Rock Ptarmigan. Tetrao rupestris GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 751. Lagopus rupestris LEACH, Zool. Misc. II. 1817, 290. [B 468, C 387, R 475, C 569.] Groc. Dist.— Arctic America (except the northern extremity), from Alaska to Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence; portions of Greenland ; Aleutian Islands. Tia CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 302.a. Lagopus rupestris reinhardi (BREH™M). Reinhardt’s Ptarmigan. Tetrao reinhardi BREHM, Lehrb. Eur. Vog. 1823, 440. Lagopus rupestris reinhardti Buasius, List Eur. B. 1862, 16. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Greenland, western shores of Cumberland Gulf, and northern extremity of Labrador. 302 4. Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJN. Nelson’s Ptarmigan. Lagopus rupestris nelsoni Sv¥JN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 226. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Unalaska, and some adjacent Aleutian Islands. 302c. Lagopus rupestris atkhensis (TURNER). Turner’s Ptarmigan. Lagopus mutus atkhensis TURNER, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. July 29, 1882, 227, 230. Lagopus rupestris atkhensis NELSON, Cruise Corwin, 1883, 56 e+ 82. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Atka, one of the Aleutian Islands. 303. Lagopus welchi Brewst. Welch’s Ptarmigan. Lagopus welchit Brewst. Auk, II. April, 1885, 194. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Newfoundland. 304. Lagopus leucurus Swains. & RICH. White-tailed Ptarmigan. Lagopus leucurus Swains. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Amer. II. 1831, pl. 63. [B 469, C 388, R 476, C 570.] Geoc. Dist.— Alpine summits of the mountains of western North America, from New Mexico to Liard River, British America, west on the highest ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. ORDER GALLIN&. IIS Genus TYMPANUCHUS G1iocer. Tympanuchus GLOGER, Gemeinnutzig. Hand. und Hilfsbuch Naturg. 1842, 396. Type, Zetrao cupido LINN. 305. Tympanuchus americanus (REICH.). Prairie Hen. Cupidonia americanus Reicu. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xxix; based on Vollst. Naturg. Htihnen. pl. 217, figs. 1896-1898. Tympanuchus americanus Ripcw. Auk, Jan. III. 1886, 133. [B 464, C 384, R 477, € 563.] Groc. Dist.— Prairies of the Mississippi Valley ; south to Louisi- ana and Texas, east to Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario; west through eastern portions of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and the Indian Territory ; north to Man- itoba; general tendency to extension of range westward and con- traction eastward; migration north and south in Minnesota, Iowa, and Missouri. 305 a. Tympanuchus americanus attwateri (BENpIRE). Attwater’s Prairie Hen. Tympanuchus attwatert BENDIRE, Forest and Stream, XL. No. 20, May 18, 1893, 425. Lympanuchus americanus attwateri A.O. U. Check-List, 6th Suppl. Auk, XI. April, 1894, 130. [B 464, part, C 384, part, R 477, part, C 563, part. | Geoc. Dist.— Coast region of Louisiana and Texas. 306. Tympanuchus cupido (Linv.). Heath Hen. Tetrao cupido LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 160. Tympanuchus cupido Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 359: [B 464, part, C 384, part, R 477, part, C 563 part.) Geos. Dist.— Island of Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. (Formerly southern New England and parts of the Middle States.) 116 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 307. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Ripvcw. Lesser Prairie Hen. Cupidonia cupido var. pallidicincta RipGw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec. 1873, 199- Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355- [B—, C 384a, R 4774, C 564.] Geroc. Disr.— Eastern edge of the Great Plains from western and probably southern Texas northward through Indian Territory to Kansas. Genus PEDIOCASTES Barrp. Pediocetes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 625. Type, Zetrao phasta- nellus LINN. 308. Pedioczetes phasianellus (Linn.). Sharp-tailed Grouse. Tetrao phasianellus LINN. 5. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 160. Pediocetes phasianellus Evuiot, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 403 (nec Bairp, 1858, qui subsp. columbianus). [B—, C 383, R 478, C 561.] Groc. Dist.— Interior of British America, from Lake Superior and Hudson Bay to Fort Simpson. 308 a. Pediocztes phasianellus columbianus (Orp). Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. Phasianus columbianus ORD, GUTHRIE’S Geog. 2d Am. ed. II. TODS, 317 Pedicecetes phastanellus var. columbianus Cours, Key, 1872, 234. [B 463, C 383a, R 478a, C 562.] Geoc. Dist.— Plains of the northwestern United States and British Columbia to central portions of Alaska; northward chiefly west of the main Rocky Mountains; eastward in Montana and Wyoming ; southward to Utah, northern Nevada, and northeastern California. ORDER GALLIN. 117 308 4. Pedioczetes phasianellus campestris Ripcw. Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse. Lediecetes phasianellus campestris Rrpcw. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. April ro, 1884, 93. [B—, C—, R—, C—] Geoc. Dist.— Plains and prairies of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains; north to Manitoba; east to Wisconsin and TIli- nois ; south to New Mexico. Genus CENTROCERCUS Swainson. Centrocercus Swains. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 358, 496. Type, Zétrao urophasianus BoNnaP. 809. Centrocerecus urophasianus (Bonap.). Sage Grouse. Letrao urophasianus Bona. Zool. Journ. III. 16275 203) Centrocercus urophasianus Swains. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am, IT. 1831, 497, pl. 58. [B 462, C 382, R 479, C 560.] Groce. Dist.— Sage regions of the Rocky Mountain plateau and westward, chiefly within the United States, but north to Assiniboia and the dry interior of British Columbia; east to North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Colorado; south to northern New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada; west in California, Oregon and Wash- ington to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range. FaMity PHASIANIDZ. Pueasants, erc. SUBFAMILY MELEAGRINZA. Turkeys. Genus MELEAGRIS Linnzus. Meleagris Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 156. Type, JZ. gallo- pavo LINN. 118 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 310. Meleagris gallopavo LINN. Wild Turkey. Meleagris gallopavo LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 156. [B 457, C 379, R 470a, C 554.] Geroc. Dist.— United States, from Chesapeake Bay to the Gulf coast, and west to the Plains, along wooded river valleys ; formerly north to southern Maine, southern Ontario, and up the Missouri River to North Dakota. 310 a. Meleagris gallopavo mexicana (GouLD). Mexican Turkey. Meleagris mexicana GOULD, P. Z. S. 1856, 61. Meleagris gallopavo var. mexicana BatrD, Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874, 410. [B 458, C 379, R 470, C 553-] Geoc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from western Texas to Arizona; south over the tablelands of Mexico. 3104. Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scort. Florida Wild Turkey. Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scort, Auk, VII. Oct. 1890, 376. [B 457, part, C 3794, part, R 4704, part, C 554, part. | Groc. Dist.— Southern Florida. 310c. Meleagris gallopavo ellioti SENNETT. Rio Grande Turkey. Meleagris gallopavo ellioti SENNETT, Auk, IX. April, 1892, 167, pl. iii. [B 458, part, C 379, part, R 470, part, C 553, part] Groc. Dist.— Lowlands of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. ORDER COLUMB. 11g SUBORDER PENELOPES. Curassows anp GUANS. Famity CRACIDA. Curassows AnD GUANS. SUBFAMILY PENELOPINZA. Guans. Genus ORTALIS Merrem. Ortalis MERR. Av. Rar. Icones et Desc. II. 1786, 40. Type, Phasianus motmot LINN. 311. Ortalis vetula maccalli Barirp. Chachalaca. Ortalida maccalli Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 611. Ortalida vetula var. maccalli Baird, Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874, 398. [B 456, C 378, R 469, C 552.] Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, and southward in Mexico to Vera Cruz. ORDER COLUMB. PIGEONS. Famity COLUMBID ZS. Piceons. Genus COLUMBA LiInN«vws. Columba Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 162. Type, by elimination, C. enas LINN. 312. Columba fasciata Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. Columba fasciata Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, ro. I20 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 445, C 367, R 456, C 539.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific; north to Washington and British Columbia; south to Mexico and the highlands of Guatemala; distribution irregular, chiefly in wooded mountain regions. 312a. Columba fasciata vioscz BrewstT. Viosca’s Pigeon. Columba fasciata viosce BREwsT. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 86. (B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California. 313. Columba flavirostris WacL. Red-billed Pigeon. Columba flavirostris WAGL. Isis, 1831, 519. [B 446, C 368, R 457, C 540.| Geroc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from Ari- zona and the Rio Grande Valley south to Costa Rica, breeding throughout its United States range. 314. Columba leucocephala Linn. White-crowned Pigeon. Columba leucocephala LiANN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 164. [B 447, C 369, R 458, C 541.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Keys of Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles and some of the Lesser Antilles, and the coast of Honduras. Genus ECTOPISTES Swainson. LEctopistes Swains. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 362. Type, Columba migratoria LINN. 315. Ectopistes migratorius (LINN.). Passenger Pigeon. Columba migratoria Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 285 (3). Ectopistes migratoria Swans. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 362. ORDER COLUMB. 121 [B 448, C 370, R 459, C 543.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, from Hudson Bay south- ward, and west to the Great Plains, straggling thence to Nevada and Washington. Breeding range now mainly restricted to portions of the Canadas and the northern border of the United States, as far west as Manitoba and the Dakotas. Genus ZENAIDURA Bonaparte. Zenaidura BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 18 54,84. Type, Columba carolinensis LINN. = C. macroura LINN. 316. Zenaidura macroura (Linvy.). Mourning Dove. Columba macroura LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 164 (part). Zenaidura macroura Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIIT. 1885, 355. [B 451, C 371, R 460, C 544.] Groc. Dist.— Temperate North America; from southern Maine, southern Canada, and British Columbia, south to Panama and the West Indies, breeding throughout its North American range. Genus ZENAIDA Bonaparte. Zenaida Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type, Columba zenaida BONAP. 317. Zenaida zenaida (Bonap.). Zenaida Dove. Columba zenaida Bonap. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. 1825, 30. Zenaida zenaida Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 449, C 372, R 462, C 545.] Groc. Dist.— Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, Santa Cruz, Sombrero, and coast of Yucatan. Genus LEPTOTILA Swainson. Leptotila Swains. Class. Bds. Il. 1837, 349. Type, P [eristera]. rufaxilla Selby, Nat. Libr. V. pl. 24. 122 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 318. Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera (SaLvapor!). White-fronted Dove. Leptoptila brachyptera Sauvaporti, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XXI. 1893, P- 545: Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera A. O. U. Check-List, 7th Suppl. Auk, XII, April, 1895, 167. [B—, C—, R 463, C 542.| Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward to Nicaragua. GENUS MELOPELIA Bonaparte. Melopelia Bonar. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 81. Type, Columba leucoptera LINN. 319. Melopelia leucoptera (LINN.). White-winged Dove. Columba leucoptera LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 164. Melopelia leucoptera Bonar. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1354, 81. [B 450, C 373, R 464, C 546.] Geroc. Disr.— Southern border of the United States, from Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Lower California, southward to Costa Rica and the West Indies; Cuba; Jamaica; straggles north- ward to Colorado. Breeding range, in the United States, southern Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Genus COLUMBIGALLINA Bote. Columbigallina Bork, Isis, 1826,977. ‘Type, Columba passerina LINN. 320. Columbigallina passerina terrestris Cuapm. Ground Dove. Columba passerina LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165. Columbigallina passerina terrestris CHAPMAN, Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, 1892, 292 [B 453, C 374, R 465, C 547.] Geoc. Disr.— South Atlantic and Gulf States; West Indies and northern South America. Breeding, in the United States, from South Carolina to Louisiana, chiefly coastwise. ; ORDER COLUMB/%. 123 320 a. Columbigallina passerina pallescens (Bairp). Mexican Ground Dove. Chamepelia passerina ? var. pallescens BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 305. Columbigallina passerina pallescens FERRARI-PEREZ, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. IX, 1886, 175. [B 453, part, C 374, part, R 465, part, C 547, part.| Groc. Dist.— Mexico, and contiguous territory of United States from Texas to Lower California; south on both Mexican coasts to Central America. Genus SCARDAFPELLA Bonaparte. Scardafella Bonap. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 85. Type, Columba sguamosa TEMM. 321. Scardafella inca (Less.). Inca Dove. Chamepelia inca Lesson, Descr. Mam. et Ois. 1847, 211. Scardafella inca Bonar. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 85. [B 452, C 375, R 466, C 549.| Grog. Dist.— Rio Grande Vailey, southern Arizona, and Lower California, south to Nicaragua. Genus GEHOTRYGON Gosse. Geotrygon GossE, B. Jam. 1847, 316, foot-note. Type, G. sylvatica GossE = Columba cristata TEMM. [3822.] Geotrygon martinica (Linvn.). Key West Quail-Dove. Columba martinica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 283. Geotrygon martinica BonaP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 74. [B 454, C 376, R 467, C 550.] Groc. Dist.— Key West, and some of the other Florida Keys; Bahamas; Cuba; Hayti. I24 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [322.1.] Geotrygon montana (Linv.). Ruddy Quail-Dove. Columba montana Linn. 8. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 163. Geotrygon montana BonaP. Consp. II, Dec. 1854, 72. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Tropical America in general, including West Indies ; north to Cuba and eastern Mexico; accidental at Key West, Florida. Genus STARNCENAS Bonaparte. Starnenas Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type, Columba cyanocephala LINN. [323.] Starnoenas cyanocephala (LinNv.). Blue-headed Quail-dove. Columba cyanocephala Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 163. Starnenas cyanocephala Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. [B 455, € 377, R 468, C 551-] Groc. Dist.— Florida Keys and Cuba. OrpER) RAPTORES. \Birps’ oni PRex SUBORDER SARCORHAMPHI. AMERICAN VULTURES. Famity CATHARTIDZA. AMERICAN VULTURES. Genus PSHUDOGRYPHUS Riveway. Pseudogryphus Ripew. Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan. 1874, 337, 338. Type, Vultur californianus SHAW. ORDER RAPTORES. 125 324. Pseudogryphus californianus (SHaw). California Vulture. Vultur californianus Suaw, Nat. Misc. IX. 1797, pl. ccci. Pseudogryphus californianus Ripcw. Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874, 338. (B27 C364, Rl aes @inaau Geoc. Dist.— Coast ranges of southern California from Monterey Bay southward into Lower California ; formerly north to Frazer River. Genus CATHARTES ILticer. Cathartes ILuiG. Prodr. 1811, 236. Type, by elimination, Vu/tur aura LINN. 325. Cathartes aura (Linv.). Turkey Vulture. Vultur aura LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 86. Cathartes aura Sp1x, Aves Bras. I. 1825, 2. [B 1, C 365, R 454, C 537: Geoc. Dist.— Temperate North America, from New Jersey, Ohio Valley, Saskatchewan region, and British Columbia southward to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. Casual in New England. Genus CATHARISTA VIEeILtor. Catharista ViEILL. Analyse, 1816, 21. Type, by elimination, Vultur atratus BARTR. 326. Catharista atrata (BaRTR.). Black Vulture. Vultur atratus BaRTR. Tray. Car. 1792, 285. Catharista atrata GRAY, Handl. I. 1869, 3. [B 3, C 366, R 455, C 538.] Groc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, north regularly to North Carolina and the lower Ohio Valley, west to the Great Plains, and south through Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, and most of South America. Straggling north to New York, New Eng- land, and South Dakota. Breeds in the United States from North Carolina coastwise to Texas, and in the interior to Indiana, Illinois, and Kansas. 126 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER FALCONES. VuLTuRES, FALCONS, Hawks, BuzzArps, EAGLEs, KITES, HARRIERS, ETC. Famity FALCONIDZAS. Vuttures, Fatcons, Hawks, EAGLEs, RTC, SuspraAMILY ACCIPITRINZS. Kires, Buzzarps, HAawKs, GoSHAWKS, EAGLES, ETC. Genus ELANOIDES VIEILLot. Elanoides Vieitu. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXIV. 1818, ror. Type, Falco furcatus = F. forficatus LYNN. 327. Elanoides forficatus (LInn.). Swallow-tailed Kite. Falco forficatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 89. Elanoides forficatus Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1875, 345. [B 34, C 337, R 426, C 493.] Groc. Dist.— United States, especially in the interior, from the Carolinas and Minnesota southward, throughout Central and South America; westward to the Great Plains. Casual eastward to south- ern New England, and northward to Manitoba and Assiniboia. Breeding range irregularly coincident with general distribution in the United States. Accidental in England. Genus ELANUS Savieny. Elanus Savic. Descr. de l Egypte, 1809, 97. Type, &. cestus = Kalco melanopterus Daud. 328. Elanus leucurus (VIEILL.). White-tailed Kite. Milvus leucurus ViELu. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XX. 1818, 563 (errore 556). Elanus leucurus Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4. ORDER RAPTORES. 127 [B35, C 336, R 427, C 492.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern United States, from South Carolina and southern [Illinois to Texas and California, southward to Chili and Argentine Republic; casual in Michigan. Breeds irregularly throughout its general distribution in the United States. Genus ICTINIA VIeEILuor. Lctinia VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, Falco mississippiensis WILs. 329. Ictinia mississippiensis (WILS.). Mississippi Kite. Falco mississippiensis Wits. Am. Orn, III. 1811, 80, pl. 25, fig. 1. LIctinia mississippiensis GRAY, Gen. B. I. 1845, 26. [B26 Cac) Rig2s Cag. Geoc. Dist.— Southern United States, east of the Rocky Moun- tains; southward regularly from South Carolina on the coast, and casually from Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and [Iowa in the interior, to Guatemala. Genus ROSTRHAMUS Lesson. Rostrhamus Less. Traité, 1831, 55. Type, Falco hamatus ILLIc. 350. Rostrhamus sociabilis (VI£ILL.). Everglade Kite. flerpetotheres sociabilis V1EILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XVIII. 1817, 318. Rostrhamus sociabilis D’ORB. Voy. Ois. II. 1847, 73. [B 37, C 334, R 429, C 490.] Geroc. Dist.— Florida, Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and eastern South America, to the Argentine Republic. Genus CIRCUS LactpeEpe. Circus Lackp. Mem. de l’'Inst. III. 1801, 506. Type, Falco cyaneus LINN. 128 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 331. Circus hudsonius (LInNv.). Marsh Hawk. Falco hudsonius Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 128. Circus hudsonius VYEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, pl. 9. [B 38, C 333, R 430, C 489.] Groc. Dist.— North America in general; south to Panama and Cuba. Breeds throughout its North American range. Genus ACCIPITER Brisson. SuBGENUs ACCIPITER. Accipiter Briss. Orn. I. 1760, 310. Type, by elimination, Falco nisus LINN. 332. Accipiter velox (WILS.). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Falco velox Wits. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 116, pl. 45, fig. 1. Accipiter velox Vicors, Zool. Journ. I. 1824, 338. (B27; (C238.0R ag2, C Aga, Geroc. Dist.— North America in general; south to Panama. Breeds throughout its North American range. 333. Accipiter cooperii (Bonap.). Cooper’s Hawk. Falco coopertt Bonar. Am. Orn. II. 1828, 1, pl. x. fig. 1. Accipiter coopert Gray, List B. Brit. Mus. Accipitres, 1844, 38. [B 15, 16, C 339, R 431, C 495.] Groc. Dist.— North America, from southern British America south to southern Mexico. Breeds throughout its range. SuBGENusS ASTUR Lac£pEDE. Astur Lackr. Mem. de l’Inst. III. 1801, 505. Type, Falco palumbarius LINN. ORDER RAPTORES. 129 334. Accipiter atricapillus (WILS.). American Goshawk. Falco atricapillus Wits. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 80, pl. 52, fig. 3. Accipiter atricapillus SEEBOHM, Brit. Birds, I. 1883, iv. [B 14, C 340, R 433, C 496.] Groc. Dist.— Northern and eastern North America, south in winter to the Middle States and southern Rocky Mountain region; casually west to Oregon. Accidental in England. Breeding range restricted to the Canadian Fauna of the United States and northward. 334 a. Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ripcw. Western Goshawk. Astur atricapillus var. striatulus Rrpcw. in Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874, 240. Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. TOO5, 355. e — R 433% C 497-] Geroc. Dist.— Western North America; north to Sitka, Alaska ; south to California; east to Idaho. Breeds in the Sierra Nevada south to Lat. 38°. Genus PARABUTEO Ruincway. Parabuteo Ripew. in Hist. N. Am. B, III. Jan. 1874, 250. Type, falco harrist AuD. 330. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (AvD.). Harris’s Hawk. falco harristi AuD. B. Am. V. 1839, 30, pl. 392. Parabuteo unicinctus var. harrisi RipGw. in Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan. 1874, 250; [B 46, C 348, R 434, C 512.] Geroc. Dist.— Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, southern New Mex- ico, southern Arizona, and Lower California; southward to Panama. Breeds from southern Texas westward to California, and southward. 9 I30 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus BUTHO Cuvier. Buteo Cuv. Leg. Anat. Comp. I. tabl. ii. Ois. 1779-1800. Type, © Falco buteo LINN. [336.] Buteo buteo (Linv.). European Buzzard. Falco buteo Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, go. Buteo buteo Licut. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 3. [B—, C—, R435, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Europe and Western Asia. Accidental in North America (Michigan ?). 337. Buteo borealis (GMEL.). Red-tailed Hawk. falco borealis GMEL. 8. N. I. ii. 1788, 266. Buteo borealis ViE1tu. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 478. [B23 iC Vana. UR Ag, 0k ero.) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Great Plains, north to about Lat. 60°, south to eastern Mexico. Breeds throughout its range, except possibly the extreme southern portion. 337 a. Buteo borealis kriderii Hoopes. Krider’s Hawk. Buteo borealis var. kriderii Hoorrs, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Poy 2, 23 5..plic. [B—, C 3514 R 436a, C 519.] Geoc. Dist.— Plains of the United States, from Wyoming and the Dakotas to Minnesota, and south to Texas; casual in Iowa and Illinois. 337 6. Buteo borealis calurus (Cass.). Western Red-tail. Buteo calurus Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1855, 281. Buteo borealis var. calurus Ripcw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov. 1873, 186. ORDER RAPTORES. 131 [Bizev24. Czar) Ri agaa C217. | Geoc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Rocky Moun- tains to the Pacific, south into Mexico; casual east to Illinois. 337 ¢c. Buteo borealis lucasanus Ripew. Saint Lucas Red-tail. Buteo borealis var. lucasanus RipGw. in CovEs’s Key, 1872, 216 (under B. borealis). [B—, C 3514, R 436¢, C 518.] Geoc. Dist.— Peninsula of Lower California. 337d. Buteo borealis harlani (Avp.). Harlan’s Hawk. falco harlant Auv. Orn. Biog. I. 1830, 441, pl. 86. Buteo borealis harlani Ripcw. Auk, VII. April, 1890, p. 205. [Bizz s@ 256, Riggs, Cisne Geoc. Dist.— Gulf States and lower Mississippi Valley, north casually to Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Kansas; south to Central America. 339. Buteo lineatus (GMEL.). Red-shouldered Hawk. Falco lineatus GMEL. S. N. I. il. 1788, 268. Buteo lineatus ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 478. [B 25, C 352, R 439, C 520] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America to Manitoba and Nova Scotia ; west to Texas and the Plains; south to the Gulf States and Mexico. Breeds throughout its range. 339 a. Buteo lineatus alleni Ripcw. Florida Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo lineatus allent Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus, VII. Jan. 19, 1885, 514. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, chiefly coastwise from South Carolina to Texas. Breeds throughout its range. 132 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 339 4. Buteo lineatus elegans (Cass.). Red-bellied Hawk. Buteo elegans Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855, 281. Buteo lineatus var. elegans Rrpcw. in Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan. 1874, 257, 277- [B 26,/C 3824, Ragga, C g21.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from western Texas to Cal- ifornia and Oregon, south into Lower California, Sonora, and Chihua- hua. Breeds along the Pacific coast of central Oregon, south to northern Lower California. 340. Buteo abbreviatus Cas. Zone-tailed Hawk. Buteo abbreviatus Cas. in ScHoMB. Reise Brit. Guian. III. 1848, 739: [B—, C 353, R 440, C 522.] Groc. Dist.— Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cali- fornia, south to northern South America. SusGENus TACHYTRIORCHIS Kavp. Tachytriorchis Kaur, Class. Siug. u. Vég. 1844, 123. Type, Falco pterocles TEMM. = Buteo albicaudatus VYEILL. 341. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti ALLEN. Sennett’s White-tailed Hawk. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. V. 1893, 144. [B—, C—, R 441, C 513.] Geoc. Dist. — Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and southward into Mexico. 342. Buteo swainsoni Bonap. Swainson’s Hawk. Buteo swainsonit Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 3. ORDER RAPTORES. 133 [B 18, 19, 21, 28, C 354; R 442, C 523: Geroc. Dist.— Western North America, from Wisconsin, Illinois, Arkansas, and Texas to the Pacific coast; north to the arctic regions, and south to Argentine Republic. Casual east to Maine and Massa- chusetts. Breeds nearly throughout its North American range. 343. Buteo latissimus (WILS.). Broad-winged Hawk. Falco latissimus Wits. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 92, pl. 54, fig. 1. Buteo latissimus SHARPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. I. Accip. 1874, 193. [B 27, C 355, R 443, C 524.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, from New Brunswick and the Saskatchewan region to Texas and Mexico, and thence south- ward to northern South America and the West Indies. Breeds throughout its United States range. SuBGENUS BUTHOLA BonNaParTeE. Buteola Bonar. Compt. Rend. XLI. 1855, 651. Type, Buteo brachyurus VYEILL. 344. Buteo brachyurus VIEILL. Short-tailed Hawk. Buteo brachyurus ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 477. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Mexico, Central America, and most of South Amer- ica, north to Florida, where it regularly breeds. GENus URUBITINGA Lesson. Urubitinga Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, 132. Type, Malco urubitinga GMEL. 345. Urubitinga anthracina (Licnt.). Mexican Black Hawk. Falco anthracinus Licut. Preis-Verz. 1830, 3. Urubitinga anthracina LAFR. Rev. Zool. 1848, 241. 134 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B—, C—, R 444, C 528.] Groc. Dist.— Lower Rio Grande Valley and Arizona, southward to northern South America. Genus ASTURINA VIEILLOT. Asturina ViEiLu. Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, Falco nitidus GMEL. 346. Asturina plagiata SCHLEGEL. Mexican Goshawk. Asturina ‘plagiata “LicHT.” SCHLEGEL, Mus. P. B. Asturine, 1862, I. [B 33, C 358, R 445, C 527.] Geroc. Dist. —Southwestern border of the United States, south- ward to Panama. Genus ARCHIBUTEO Breum. Archibuteo BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1269. Type, Malco lagopus GMEL. [347.] Archibuteo lagopus (Brinv.). Rough-legged Hawk. Falco lagopus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 4. Archibuteo lagopus Gray, List Gen. B. ed. 2, 1841, 3. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Northern parts of the Old World; Alaska (?). 347a. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (GMEL.). American Rough-legged Hawk. Falco sancti-johannis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 273. Archibuteo lagopus var. sanctijohannis COUES, Key, 1872, 218. Bison srs 306, wR Again ert Geroc. Dist.— North America north of Mexico, breeding north of the United States (excepting in Alaska). ORDER RAPTORES. 135 348. Archibuteo ferrugineus (LIcHT.). Ferruginous Rough-Leg. Falco ferrugineus Licut. Abh. K. Akad. Berl. 1838, 428. Archibuteo ferrugineus GRAY, Gen. B. fol. ed. 1849, 12. [Bi32, C357, R448, C526. Grog. Dist.— Western North America, from the Plains (eastern North Dakota to Texas) westward to the Pacific, and from the Sas- katchewan region south into Mexico; casually east to Illinois. Breeds from Utah, Colorado, and Kansas northward to the Saskatch- ewan Plains. Genus AQUILA Brisson. Aguila Briss. Orn. I. 1760, 419. Type, ako chrysaétos LINN. 349. Aquila chrysaétos (Liny.). Golden Eagle. Falco chrysaétos LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 88. Aquila chrysaétos DuMonrT, Dict. Sci. Nat. I. 1816, 339. [B29.\@ 360, RoA49, C532. Groc. Dist.— North America, south to Mexico, and northern parts of the Old World. Breeding range in the United States, prac- tically restricted to the mountainous parts of unsettled regions. Genus THRASAETOS Garay. Lhrasaétos Gray, P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 108. Type, Vultur harpyia LINN. [850.] Thrasaétos harpyia (Linn.). Harpy Eagle. Vultur harpyia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 86. Thrasaétos harpyia Gray, P.Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 108. [B—, C—, R 450, C 631.] Groc. Dist.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, casual; south to Para- guay. Louisiana (?). 136 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus HALIZEETUS Savieny. Ffalieetus SavicNny, Descr. de Egypte, 1809, 35. Type, Falco albicilla LINN. [351.] Halizeetus albicilla (Linv.). Gray Sea Eagle. Falco albicitla LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 89. LfTalieetus albicilla LEACH, Syst. Cat. M. B. Br. Mus. 1816, 9. [B 42, C—, R 452, C 533-] Geroc. Dist.— Northern Europe and Asia; Greenland. 302. Halizeetus leucocephalus (Linv.). Bald Eagle. Falco leucocephalus Linn. 8. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 124. Halieetus leucocephalus Bote, Isis, 1822, 548. [B 41, 43,/C 362, Ria5r1,\C, 534.) Geoc. Dist.— North America at large, south to Mexico, north- west through the Aleutian Islands to Kamchatka. Breeds locally throughout its range. SUBFAMILY FALCONINZE. Fatcons. GENus FALCO Linn2zus. Falco Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 88. Type, by elimination, F.. subbuteo LINN. SuBGENUS HIBROFALCO Cuvier. fTierofalco Cuv. Rég. An. I. 1817, 312. Type, alco candicans GMEL.= /. islandus BRUNN. 353. Falco islandus Brinn. White Gyrfalcon. Falco islandus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 2. ORDER RAPTORES. 137 (Birt, C 341a= Ri4n2, C)5on.] Geoc. Dist.— Arctic regions, including Arctic America and Greenland, wandering south in winter to Labrador and northern Maine. 354. Falco rusticolus LInn. Gray Gyrfalcon. falco rusticolus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 38. [B 12, C—, R 4124, C 500.| Geroc. Dist.— Arctic regions, including Iceland, southern Green- land, and Arctic America, straggling southward in winter. 3542. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco (Linn.). Gyrfalcon. Falco gyrfalco Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 91. falco rusticolus gyrfalco StTEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 187. [B—, C 341, R 4124, C 498.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern Europe, Greenland, and Arctic America, from northern Labrador and Hudson Bay to Alaska; rarely south in winter to New England (Massachusetts and Rhode Island). 3544, Falco rusticolus obsoletus (GMEL.). Black Gyrfalcon. falco obsoletus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 268. Falco rusticolus obsoletus StEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 187. [B—, C—, R 412¢, C 499.] Geroc. Dist.— Labrador, south in winter to Canada, Maine, and New York. 355. Falco mexicanus SCHLEG. Prairie Falcon. falco mexicanus SCHLEG. Abh. Geb. Zool. 1841, 15. [iB ino, Ci s4e) Ri4ns, 'C coz.] Geroc. Dist.— United States, from the eastern border of the Plains to the Pacific, and from the Dakotas south into Mexico; casual eastward to Illinois. Breeds throughout its United States range. 138 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SuBGENUS RHYNCHODON Nirzscu. Rhynchodon Nirzscu, Pterylog. 1840, 78. Type, by elimina- tion, Lalco peregrinus LATH. 356. Falco peregrinus anatum (Bonap.). Duck Hawk. Falco anatum Bonav. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4. Falco peregrinus B. anatum Buastius, List B. Eur. 1862, 3. [B 5, 6,,C 343, R414, C503] Groc. Dist.— North America at large, and south to Chili. Breeds locally throughout most of its United States range. 356 a. Falco peregrinus pealei Ripew. Peale’s Falcon. Falco communis var. pealei Ripcw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec. $O7 3.20%. Falco peregrinus pealei Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 192. [B—, C 343@, R 4144, C 504.) Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of North America, from Oregon to the Aleutian and Commander Islands, breeding throughout its range. SuBGENUS SALON Kaup. Aisalon Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 40. Type, falco esalon GMEL. = F. regulus PALL. 357. Falco columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hawk. Falco columbarius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, go. [B4; C 344, R'477,,Cigon.) Geoc. Dist.— The whole of North America, south to the West Indies and northern South America. Breeds chiefly north of the United States. ww ORDER RAPTORES. 139 357 a. Falco columbarius suckleyi Ripcw. Black Merlin. falco columbarius var. suckleyi RrpGw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec. 1972201. [B—, C 344a, R 417a, C 506.] Groc. Dist.— Northwest coast region of North America, from California to Sitka; eastward in Oregon and Washington. 398. Falco richardsonii Rivcw. Richardson’s Merlin. Falco (Hypotriorchis) richardsonii Ripcw. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Dec. 1870, 145. [B—, C 345, R 418, C 507.] Geoc. Dist.— Interior and western plains of North America, from the Mississippi River to the Pacific coast, and from the Saskatch- ewan region to Texas, Arizona, and probably into Mexico. [358.1.] Falco regulus Patt. Merlin. Falco reouli MAIL Reis. Russ. Reichs. II. 1773, Anhang, 707. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Europe, Asia, and Africa; accidental in Greenland. SuBGENUS RH YNCHOFALCO Rinveway. Rhynchofalco Ripew. Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1873, 46. Type, Falco femoralis TEMM. = F. fusco-cerulescens VIEILL. 359. Falco fusco-ccerulescens VIEILL. Aplomado Falcon. Falco fusco-cerulescens ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XI. 1817, go. [Bio Cigai mato, C cnr. Geoc. Dist.— Southern Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, south to Patagonia. I40 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SusGENus TINNUNCULUS VieiLLot. Tinnunculus VixILu. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 39. [359.1.] Falco tinnunculus Linn. Kestrel. falco tinnunculus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, go. [B—, C—, R 422, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Europe and northern Asia; accidental in Massa- chusetts. 360. Falco sparverius LInn. American Sparrow Hawk. falco sparvertus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, go. [B 13, C 346, 3464, R 420, 420a, C 508, 509.] Groc. Dist.— North America, east of the Rocky Mountains, and from Great Slave Lake south to northern South America. 360 a. Falco sparverius deserticolus MEarwns. Desert Sparrow Hawk. falco sparverius deserticolus MEARNS, Auk, IX. July, 1892, 263. [B 13, part, C 346, part, R 420, part, C 508, part.| Groc. Dist.— Western United States, north to eastern British Columbia and western Montana, south to Mazatlan in northwestern Mexico. 360 4. Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns. St. Lucas Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius peninsularis MEARNS, Auk, IX. July, 1892, 267. [B 13, part, C 346, part, R 420, part, C 508, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Lower California. [361.] Falco dominicensis GMEL. Cuban Sparrow Hawk. Falco dominicensis GMEL. Syst. Nat. I. i. 1788, 288. [B—, C—, R 421, C 510.] Geroc. Dist.— Cuba; casual in Florida. ORDER RAPTORES. 141 Genus POLYBORUS VIEILLOT. Polyborus Vieti. Analyse, 1816, 22. Type, Malo tharus Mou. 362. Polyborus cheriway (JaAcq.). Audubon’s Caracara. Falco cheriway Jacq. Beitr. 1784, 17, tab. 4. Polyborus cheriway Cag. in ScHoms. Reise Brit. Guiana, III. 1848, 741: [B 45, C 363, R 423, C 535-1 Groc. Dist.— Florida, Texas, Arizona, and Lower California, south to Ecuador and Guiana. Breeds throughout its United States range and southward. 363. Polyborus lutosus Ripew. Guadalupe Caracara. Polyborus lutosus Ripcw. Bull. U. S. Geog. & Geol. Surv, Terr. No. 6, 2d ser. Feb. 8, 1876, 459. [B—, C—, R424, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. SuBFAMILY PANDIONINZ. Ospreys. Genus PANDION Saviecny. Pandion Savicn. Descr. de Egypte, Ois. 1809, 95. Type, Falco haliaétus LINN. 364. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (GmeL.). American Osprey. Falco carolinensis GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 263. Pandion haliaétus carolinensis Ripcw. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Dec. 1870, 143. [B 44, C 360, R 425, C 530.] Groc. Dist—— North America, from Hudson Bay and Alaska south to the West Indies and northern South America. Breeds throughout its North American range. T42 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER STRIGES. OWwLS. FamiLty STRIGIDZAE. Barn Owt.s. Genus STRIX Linnevs. Stree LINN. S.(N. ed.\'x0,' 1. 1758, g2. Type; S: e/azcov Ginn: ed. no. 365. Strix pratincola Bonap. American Barn Owl. Strix pratincola Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7. [B 47, C 316, R 394, C 46r.] Groc. Dist.— United States, rarely to the northern border, and Ontario, southward through Mexico; northern limit of breeding range about Lat. 41°. FamMity BUBONIDZA. Hornep Owls, ETC. Genus ASIO Brisson. Asio Briss. Orn. I. 1760, 28. Type, Strix otus LINN. 366, Asio wilsonianus (LEss.). American Long-eared Owl. Otus wilsonianus L¥ss. Traité, 1831, Ito. Asio wilsonianus COUES, Check List, ed. 2, 1882, 81, No. 472. [BsrCig2o) Rizon. |e Ayan Groc. Dist.— Temperate North America; south to the table- lands of Mexico. Breeds throughout its range. 367. Asio accipitrinus (PALL.). Short-eared Owl. Strix accipitrina PALL. Reise Russ. Reichs. I. 1771, 455. Asio accipitrinus NEwT. YARR. Brit. B. ed. 4, I. 1872, 163. ORDER RAPTORES. 143 [Bi 52, Cizan Ruseon Ciazg.)| Groc. Dist.— Throughout North America; nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds, somewhat irregularly and locally, from about Lat. 39° northward. Genus SYRNIUM Saviecny. Syrnium Savicn. Descr. de Egypte, Ois. 1809, 298. Type, Strix stridula LINN. 368. Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.). Barred Owl. Strix nebulosa Forst. Philos. Trans. XXII. 1772, 386. Syrnium nebulosum Bok, Isis, 1828, 315. £Bi54) Ci323)) R307) Crazos| Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to Minnesota, Ne- braska, Kansas, and Texas, north to Nova Scotia and Quebec. Breeds throughout its range. 368 a. Syrnium nebulosum alleni Rivew. Florida Barred Owl. Strix nebulosa alleni Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March, 1880, 8. Syrnium nebulosum allent Ripcw. Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. VIII. Sept. 1885, 355. [Ba C= R 3974, C 477-] Groc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, chiefly coastwise, from South Carolina to Texas. 369. Syrnium occidentale Xanrus. Spotted Owl. Syrnium occidentale Xantus, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 193. [B—, C 324, R 398, C 478.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Cali- fornia, Lower California and Mexico. 144 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus SCOTIAPTEX Swainson. Scotiaptex Swains. Classif. B. II. 1837, 217. Type, Strum cinerea GMEL. 370. Scotiaptex cinerea (GMEL.). Great Gray Owl. Strix cinerea GMEL. S.N. I. i. 1788, 291. Scotiaptex cinerea Swains. Classif. B. II. 1837, 217. [B 53, C 322, R 399, C 474. Geroc. Dist.— Arctic America, straggling southward, in winter, to southern New England, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, Idaho and northern Montana. [870 a.] Scotiaptex cinerea lapponica (RETz.). Lapp Owl. Strix lapponica Retz, Faun. Suec. 1800, 79. Scotiaptex cinerea lapponica Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 260. [B—, C—, R 3994, C 475-] Geroc. Dist.— Arctic portions of the Old World; accidental in Alaska (Norton Sound). Genus NYCTALA Breum. LVyctala BREMM, Isis, 1828, 1271. Type, Strix tengmalmt GMEL. 371. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni (Bonap.). Richardson’s Owl. Nyctale richardsont Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7. Nyctale tengmalmi var. richardsont Ripcw. Am. Nat. VI. May LOY 2,205: [Biss (© 327, Ri doc MecAs aa Groc. Dist.— Arctic America, south in winter into the northern United States. Breeds from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Manitoba northward. ORDER RAPTORES. 145 372. Nyctala acadica (GMEL.). Saw-whet Owl. Strix acadica GMEL. S.N. I. 1788, 296. Nyctale acadica Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7. (B's6, 57, C328) Riaor Ose, Geoc. Dist.— North America at large, breeding from the Middle States northward, and in mountainous regions of the West southward. into Mexico. Genus MEGASCOPS Kavp. Megascops KaupP, Isis, 1848, 765. Type, Strix asto LINN. 373. Megascops asio (LINN.). Screech Owl. Strix asio LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 1758, 92. Megascops asio StT¥JN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184. [B 49, part, C 318, R 402, C 465.] Geroc. Dist.— Temperate eastern North America, south to Georgia, and west to the Plains. Accidental in England. 375 a. Megascops asio floridanus (Ripcw.). Florida Screech Owl. Scops asto var. floridanus Ripew. Bull. Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 200. Megascops asio floridanus STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184. [B—, C 318¢, R 402a, C 469.] Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, from South Caro- lina to Louisiana, chiefly coastwise. 373 6. Megascops asio trichopsis (WacL.). Texas Screech Owl. Scops trichopsis WAGL. Isis, 1832, 276. Megascops asto trichopsis Ripew. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, ——. 10 146 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 50, C 3184, R 4028, C 468.] Geroc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to Guatemala. 373 c. Megascops asio bendirei (BREwstT.). California Screech Owl. Scops asio bendirei Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 31. Megascops asto bendirei StEyN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 134. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Coast region of California. 373 d. Megascops asio kennicottii (ELLior). Kennicott’s Screech Owl. Scops kennicottiti E.Liot, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1867, 99. Megascops asio kennicottii Stwyn. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184. [B—, C3182, R 4o2d, C 466.] Geroc. Dist.— Northwest coast region, from Oregon to Sitka. 373 ec. Megascops asio maxwelliz (Ripéw.). Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. Scops asio var. maxwellie Ripew. Field & Forest, June, 1877, 2HO)213: Megascops asio maxwellie StE}N. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184. [B—, C —, R 4020, C 467.] Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountains, from Colorado to Montana. 373 7. Megascops asio cineraceus RipGw. Mexican Screech Owl. Megascops asio cineraceus Ripcw. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, ——. [B —, C —, R 403, C 470.] Geroc. Dist.— New Mexico, Arizona, Lower California, and western Mexico. ORDER RAPTORES. 147 373 g. Megascops asio aikeni Brewst. Aiken’s Screech Owl. Megascops asio atkeni BRewsv. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 139. [B—, C —, R—, C —.] Groc. Distr.— Plains, El] Paso County, Colorado, south probably to central New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. 373 2. Megascops asio macfarlanei Brews. MacFarlane’s Screech Owl. Megascops asto macfarlanei Brewst. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 140. [B 49, part, C 318, part, R 402, part, C 465, part.| Geroc. Dist.— East of the Cascades in Washington, interior of southern British Columbia, southward to central Oregon and east- ward into Montana. 374. Megascops flammeola (Kavp). Flammulated Screech Owl. Scops flammeola Kaur, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. IV. 1862, 226. Megascops flammeolus StEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184. [B —, C 319, R 404, C 471.] Geroc. Dist.— Highlands of Guatemala and central Mexico, north to Colorado and northern California. 374a. Megascops flammeola idahoensis Merriam. Dwarf Screech Owl. Megascops flammeolus idahoensis MERRIAM, North Am. Fauna, No. 5, July, 1891, 96, pl. i. pp REL Groc. Dist.— Ketchum, Idaho. Known only from the type. Genus BUBO DuMERIL. Bubo Dummr. Zool. Anal. 1806, 34. Type, by implication, Strix bubo LINN. 148 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 375. Bubo virginianus (GMEL.). Great Horned Owl. Strix virginiana GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 287. Bubo virginianus Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 6. (Bias Cian 7s Raon he abo) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Mississippi Valley, and from Labrador south to Costa Rica. 375 a. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy). Western Horned Owl. Bubo subarcticus Hoy, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI. 1852, 211. Bubo virginianus B subarcticus RipGw. Orn. goth Par. 1877, 572. [B 48, part, C 3174, part, R 4054, part, C 463, part] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Great Plains westward; southward to the Mexican tablelands; east, casually, to Wisconsin and Illinois; north to Manitoba and British Columbia. 375 6. Bubo virginianus arcticus (SwalIns.). Arctic Horned Owl. Strix (Bubo) arctica Swains. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 86, pl. 30. Bubo virginianus var. arcticus Cass. Illust. B. Cal. etc. 1854, 178. [B 48, part, C 3174, part, R 4054, C 463, part.] Groc. Dist.— Arctic America, chiefly in the interior, south, in winter, to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota. 375 c. Bubo virginianus saturatus Ripew. Dusky Horned Owl. Bubo virginianus saturatus RrpGw. Orn. 4oth Par. 1877, 572, foot-note. [B 48, part, C 3178, R 4056, C 464.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from Monterey Bay, California, northward to Alaska and eastward to Hudson Bay and Labrador ; southward through the mountainous regions of the West to Arizona. ORDER RAPTORES. 149 Genus NYCTEA STEPHENS. Nyctea STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. ii. 1826, 63. Type, Strix nyctea Linn. 376. Nyctea nyctea (Linvy.). Snowy Owl. Strix nyctea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 93. Nyctea nyctea Licut. Nomen. Mus. Berol. 1854, 7. Gn, 20k MR 406, iC lao.) Geoc. Dist. — Northern portions of the northern hemisphere. In North America breeding wholly north of the United States; in winter migrating south to the Middle States, straggling to South Carolina, Texas, California, and Bermuda. Genus SURNIA Dumerit. Surnia Dummre. Zool. Anal. 1806, 34. Type, Strix ululda LINN. [377.] Surnia ulula (Liny.). Hawk Owl. Strix ulula Linn. S. N.ed. 10, I. 1758, 93. Surnia ulula BonaP. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. 1842, 22. [B—, C—, R 4074, C 481.] Geroc. Dist.— Arctic portions of the Old World. Casual in Alaska (St. Michaels). 377 a. Surnia ulula caparoch (MU .t.). American Hawk Owl. Strix caparoch MULL. S. N. Suppl. 1776, 69. Surnia ulula caparoch StEyN. Auk, I. Oct. 1834, 363. [B 62, C 326, R 407, C 480.] Geroc. Dist.— Arctic America, breeding from Newfoundland north- ward, and migrating in winter to the northern border of the United States. Occasional in England. I50 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus SPEOTYTO Gtocer. Speotyto GLoc. Handb. Naturg. 1842, 226. Type, Strix cunicu- laria MOL. 378. Speotyto cunicularia hypogzea (Bownar.). Burrowing Owl. Strix hypogea BonaPp. Am. Orn. I. 1825, 72. Spheotyto cunicularia var. hypogea COUES Key, 1872, 208. (B 55,50) C 332) Roos, (C.487.| Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Pacific coast east throughout the Great Plains, north somewhat over the border of British America, south to Central America. Accidental in New York and Massachusetts. 378 a. Speotyto cunicularia floridana Ripew. \ Florida Burrowing Owl. Speotyto cunicularia var. floridana RipGw. Am. Sportsm. V. July 4, 1874, 216. [B —, C —, R 408a, C 488.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Florida; Bahamas. Genus GLAUCIDIUM Bole. Glaucidium Bots, Isis, 1826, 970. Type, Strix nana KING. 379. Glaucidium gnoma WacL. Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium gnoma WAGL. Isis, 1832, 275. [B 60, C 329, R 409, C 484.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America in mountainous regions from British Columbia to eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains and south to the tablelands of Mexico. ORDER RAPTORES. ISI 379 a, Glaucidium gnoma californicum (SCcL.). California Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium californicum Scu. P. Z. 8. 1857, 4. Glaucidium gnoma californicum A, O. U. Check-List, rst Suppl. 1889, 9. [B 60, part, C 329, part, R 409, part, C 484, part.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from California to British Columbia. 379.1. Glaucidium hoskinsii (Brewsr.). Hoskins’s Pygmy Owl. Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii BREwst. Auk, V. April, 1888, 136. Glaucidium hoskinsii A. O. U. Check-List, 1st Suppl. 1889, 9. [B—, C—, R—, C—] Geoc. Dist.— Lower California. 380. Glaucidium phalzenoides (Daup.). Ferruginous Pygmy Owl. Strix phalenoides Dauv. Traité d’Orn. II. 1800, 206. Glaucidium phalenoides Cas. J. f. O. 1869, 208. [B —, C 330, R 410, C 485.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from Texas to Arizona, south to southern Brazil. Genus MICROPALLAS CouvEs. Micropallas Cours, Auk, VI. Jan. 1889, 71. Type, Athene whitneyt COOPER. 381. Micropallas whitneyi (Cooper). Elf Owl. Athene whitneyt Cooper, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1861, 118. Micropallas whitneyt SENNETT, Auk, VI. July, 1889, 276. [B —, C 331, R 411, C 486.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern and Lower California, Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Texas, south to Puebla, Mexico. 152 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER PSITTACI. Parrots, Macaws, Par- OQUETS, ETC. Famity PSITTACIDAl. Parrots and PAROQUETS. Genus CONURUS Kudu. Conurus KUHL, Consp. Psitt. 1820, 4. Type, Pszttacus caroli- nensis LINN. 382. Conurus carolinensis (LINN.). Carolina Paroquet. Psittacus carolinensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 97. Conurus carodinensis Less. Traité, 1831, 211. PB 63, C gn5.Ri392,\C 460. Groc. Dist.— Formerly Florida and the Gulf States north to Mary- land, the Great Lakes, Iowa, and Nebraska, west to Colorado, the Indian Territory, and Texas, and straggling northeastward to Penn- sylvania and New York. Now restricted to Florida, Arkansas, and Indian Territory, where it is only of local occurrence. ORDER COCCYGES. 153 ORDER COOCY GES @vcKkoo0s,” ETC: SUBORDER CUCULI. Cuckoos, Etc. Famity CUCULIDZ4. Cuckoos, Anis, ETc. SUBFAMILY CROTOPHAGINA. Anis. Genus CROTOPHAGA Linnws. Crotophaga Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 105. Type, C. and LINN. [3883.] Crotophaga ani Linn. Ani. Crotophaga ani LINN. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 105. [Bi66,\67,)/C, 288, R:389,/C 425. Groc. Dist.— West Indies and eastern South America. Rare or casual in southern Florida and Louisiana, and accidental near Philadelphia. 384. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swans. Groove-billed Ani. ‘ Crotophaga sulcirostris Swatns. Philos. Mag. I. 1827, 440. [ B—, C—, R 390, C 426.] Groc. Dist.— Mexico, north to the southern part of the peninsula of Lower California, and valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to Peru. SuBFAMILY COCCYGINA. AmerriIcAn CuckKoos. Genus GHOCOCCYX Wacte_r. Geococcyx WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 524. Type, G. vardegata WAGL. = Saurothera californiana LESS. 154 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 385. Geococcy=x californianus (LEss.). Road-runner. Saurothera californiana Lesson, Compl. Buff. VI. 1829, 420. Geococcyx californianus BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 73. [IB 68, C289," 385. 1C 427] Geroc. Dist.— Northern and central Mexico, north to head of Sacramento Valley in California, southern Utah, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and western Texas. Genus COCCYZUS VIEILLOT. Coccyzus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 28. Type, Cuculus americanus LINN. 386. Coccyzus minor (GMEL.). Mangrove Cuckoo. Cuculus minor GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 411. Coccyzus minor Cas. J. f. O. 1856, 104. [B 71; Ciege, R336, C. 42g.) Groc. Dist.— Key West, Florida, Louisiana, the West Indies, and Central America to northeastern South America. [386 a.] Coccyzus minor maynardi (Ripew.). Maynard’s Cuckoo. Coccyzus maynardi RripGw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 274. Coccyzus minor maynardi A. O. U. Check-List, rst Suppl. 1889, 9. [B 71, part, C 292, part, R 386, part, C 429, part] Geroc. Dist.— Bahamas and Florida Keys. Cuba? 387. Coccyzus americanus (LINN.). Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Cuculus americanus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 111. Coccyzus americanus Bonar. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. III, ii. 1824, 367. ORDER COCCYGES. 155 [B 69, C 291, R 387, C 429.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern temperate North America, breeding from Florida north to New Brunswick, Canada, and Minnesota, west to the eastern border of the Plains, and south, in winter, to Costa Rica and the West Indies. 387 a. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ripcw. California Cuckoo. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis R1ipGw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, ca fee [B—, C—, R 387, part, C 429, part.| Geoc. Dist.— Western temperate North America, from northern Lower California north to southern British Columbia, east to New Mexico and western Texas, and south over tablelands of Mexico. 388. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (WILs.). Black-billed Cuckoo. Cuculus erythrophthalmus Wits. Am. Orn. IV. 1811, 16, pl. 28. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus Bonar. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. ES it.) 282451367". [B 70, C 290, R 388, C 428.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun- tains, breeding north to Labrador, Manitoba, and eastern Assiniboia ; south, in winter, to the West Indies and the valley of the Amazon. Accidental in the British Islands and Italy. Genus CUCULUS LINN&USs. Cuculus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 110. Type, C. canorus LINN. [388.1.] Cuculus canorus telephonus (HEINE). Kamchatkan Cuckoo. Cuculus telephonus HEINE, J. f. O. 1863, 352. Cuculus canorus telephonus StTEJN. Bull. 29, U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, 224. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— An Asiatic species, occurring accidentally on the Pribilof Islands. 156 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER —,TROGONES. TrRoGoNns. Famity TROGONIDA. Trocons. Genus TROGON Linnavs. Trogon LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 167. Type, Z: viridis Linn, 389. Trogon ambiguus Gou Lp. Coppery-tailed Trogon. Trogon ambiguus GOULD, P. Z. S. 1835, 30. [ B65, C284, Rig8450 CG 422))| Geoc. Dist.— Southern and central Mexico, from Oaxaca and Guerrero, north to the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southern Arizona. SUBORDER ALCYONES. KINGFISHERS. Famity ALCHEDINID ZA. KINGFIsHERS. GENus CHRYLE Bol. Ceryle Botk, Isis, 1828, 316. Type, Aledo rudis LINN. SuBGENUS STRHEPTOCERYLE Bonaparte. Streptoceryle Bonar. Consp. Vol. Anisod. 1854. 10. Type, Aledo torguata LINN. 390. Ceryle aleyon (LINN.). Belted Kingfisher. Alcedo alcyon Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 115. Ceryle alcyon BonapP. P. Z. S. for 1837 (1838), 108. ORDER PICI. 157 [Bir 14, C286 RM aSan@ 432) | Geoc. Dist.— North America, from the Arctic Ocean south to Panama and the West Indies. Breeds from the southern border of the United States northward. [390.1.] Ceryle torquata (Liny.). Ringed Kingfisher. Alcedo torquata LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, I. 1766, 180. Ceryle torquata Bok, Isis, 1828, 316. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Mexico and southward to southern South America. Casual on the Lower Rio Grande, Texas. SuBGENUS CHLOROCERYLE Kavp. Chloroceryle Kaup, Fam. Eisv. 1848, 8. Type, Aledo superct- fiosa LINN. 391. Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHarpr. Texas Kingfisher. Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHarpr, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. MVILT, 1592, 134. [B 2x8, C 287, R389, .C 4247] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Texas, south to Panama. OrDER PICI. WoopPrECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC. .Famity PICIDZAS. WooprpeEckKErRs. GENuS CAMPEPHILUS Gray. Campephitus Gray, List Gen. B. 1840, 54. ‘Type, Pécus princi- pals LINN. 158 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 392. Campephilus principalis (Linn.). Ivory-billed Woodpecker. Picus principalis Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 113. Campephilus principalis GRAY, List Gen. B. 1840, 54. [B 72, C 293, R 359, C 431. ] Geroc. Dist.— Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States, from North Carolina to Texas, north in the Mississippi Valley to Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana. Now restricted to the Gulf States and the Lower Mississippi Valley, where only locally distri- buted. Genus DRYOBATES Bor. Dryobates Bote, Isis, 1826, 977. Type, Picius pubescens LINN. 393. Dryobates villosus (Linv.). Hairy Woodpecker. Picus villosus LINN. 5. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 175. Dryobates villosus CABANIS, Mus. Hein. IV. ii. June 15, 1863, 66. [B 74, part, C 298, part, R 360, C 438, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern and middle portions of the eastern United States, from the Atlantic coast to the Great Plains. 393 a. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (Bopp.). Northern Hairy Woodpecker. Picus leucomelas BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enl. 1783, 21. Dryobates villosus leucomelas Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 74, part, C 298, part, R 360a, C 438, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Northern North America, south to about the northern border of the United States. 393 4. Dryobates villosus audubonii (Swarns.). Southern Hairy Woodpecker. Picus audubonit Swans. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 306. Dryobates villosus audubonit Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. ORDER PICI. 159 [B 74, part, C 298, part, R 360, part, C 438, part. ] Groc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, north to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Louisiana and southeastern Texas. 393 c. Dryobates villosus harrisii (Avp.). Harris’s Woodpecker. Picus harrisii Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 191. Dryobates villosus harristi Rrpcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 75, C 298a, R 360d, C 439.] Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast of North America, from northern Cali- fornia to southern Alaska. 393 d. Dryobates villosus hyloscopus (CazB.). Cabanis’s Woodpecker. Dryobates hyloscopus Cas. & Henze, Mus. Hein. IV. il, 1863, 69. [Dryobates villosus| hyloscopus BREWST. Auk, V. July, 1888, 252 (in text). [B 75, part, C 298a, part, R 3604, part, C 439, part.] Gros. Dist.— Western United States, except northwest coast, and south into Mexico. 394. Dryobates pubescens (LInNv.). Downy Woodpecker. Picus pubescens Lunn. S.N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 175. Dryobates pubescens CABANIS, Mus. Hein. IV. ii. June 15, 1863, 62. [B 76, C 299, R 361, C 440.] Groc. Dist.— Northern and eastern North America, west to British Columbia and the eastern edge of the Plains; south to the Gulf of Mexico. 394 a. Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii (AvD.). Gairdner’s Woodpecker. Picus gairdnerit Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 317: Dryobates pubescens gairdnerit RipGw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vill: 1885, 355: 160 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 77, part, C 2994, part, R 3614, part, C 441, part.) Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast of the United States, north to British Columbia (lat. 55°). 394 6. Dryobates pubescens orececus Batcu. Batchelder’s Woodpecker. Dryobates pubescens oreecus Batcu. AUK, VI. July, 1889, 253. [B 77, part, C 2994, part, R 3614, part, C 441, part.] Geos. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States. 395. Dryobates borealis (VIEILL.). Red-cockaded Woodpecker. Picus borealis ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 66. Dryobates borealis Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 80, C 296, R 362, C 433.] Geoc. Dist.— Southeastern United States, from North Carolina, Tennessee and Indian Territory, south to eastern Texas and the Gulf coast. 396. Dryobates scalaris bairdi (MALHERBE). Texan Woodpecker. Picus bairdi (Sct. MSS.) MALHERBE, Mon. Pic. I. 1861, 118, Die 2 Dryobates scalaris bairdi RipGw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 285. [B 79, C 297, R 363, C 434.] Groc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from Texas to California, north from western Arizona and southern Nevada to southwestern Utah, south to the tablelands of Mexico. 396 a. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus (XANTUS). Saint Lucas Woodpecker. Picus lucasanus XANTuS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 298. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355- [B—, C 2974, R 3632, C 436.] Geoc. Dist.— Lower California, north to Lat. 34° in the Colorado Desert, California. ORDER PICI. 161 397. Dryobates nuttallii (GAMB.). Nuttall’s Woodpecker. Picus nuttalliti GAMBEL, Px. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1843, 2 59- Dryobates nuttallii Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 78, C 297a, R 364, C 435.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Oregon, California, and northern Lower California. 398. Dryobates arizonz (Harcirt). Arizona Woodpecker. Picus arizone Harctitt, Ibis, April, 1886, 11 5. Dryobates arizone Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 286. et gn, CO aa Geoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, south into northern Mexico. Genus XHNOPICUS Barrp. Aenopicus BarrD, B. N. Am. 1858, 83. Type, Leuconerpes albo- larvatus Cass, 399. Xenopicus albolarvatus (Cass.). White-headed Woodpecker. Leuconerpes albolarvatus Cassin, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1850, 106. Xenopicus albolarvatus MALHERBE, Mon. Pic. II. 1862, 221. [B 81, C 295, R 366, C 452.] Geroc. Dist.— Mountains of the Pacific coast, from southern British Columbia to southern California (including the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada), and east to the Blue Mountains of Oregon and west-central Idaho. Genus PICOIDES Lacéprpe. Licoides LACkPEDE, Mém. de I’Inst. III. 1801, 509. Type Picus tridactylus LINN. ul 162 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 400. Picoides arcticus (SwaIns.). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picus (Apternus) arcticus Swans. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am). a83t, (213+ Picoides arcticus Gray, Gen. B. I. 1845, 434. [B 82, C 300, R 367, C 443.] Groc. Dist.— Northern North America, from the arctic regions south to the northern United States (New England, New York, Michigan, Minnesota, and Idaho), and in the Sierra Nevada to Lake Tahoe. 401. Picoides americanus BRrEHM. American Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides americanus BreuM, Handb. Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 195. [B's3, C301, R368, C 44a] Groc. Dist.— Northern North America, east of the Rocky Moun- tains, from the arctic regions southward to the northern United States (Maine, Mass., New York). 401 a. Picoides americanus alascensis (NELs.). Alaskan Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides tridactylus alascensis Newson, Auk, I. April, 1884, 165. Picoides americanus alascensis Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355: (BCS Rees Geroc. Dist.— Alaska, south to northern Washington. 401 4. Picoides americanus dorsalis Barrp. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides dorsalis Batrv, B. N. Am. 1858, roo. Picoides americanus dorsalis BarrD, Orn. Calif. I. 1870, 386. [B 84, C 3014, R 368a, C 445. | Groc. Dist— Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia and Idaho south into New Mexico. ORDER PICI. 163 Genus SPHYRAPICUS Bairp. Sphyrapicus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 80, ror. Type, Picus varius LINN. 402. Sphyrapicus varius (Liny.). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Picus varius Linn. 8. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 176. Sphyrapicus varius BAIRD, B.N. Am. 1858, 103. [B 85, C 302, R 369, C 446.| Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America north to about Lat. 63° 30! (north of Fort Simpson), breeding from Massachusetts northward ; south, in winter, to the West Indies, Mexico and Costa Rica. 402 a. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Bairp. Red-naped Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis Bairp, B. N. Am. 1858, 103. [B 86, C 302a, R 369a, C 447.] Geroc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia to the Sierra Bolanos, Jalisco, Mexico, and the Cape region of Lower California; and westward across the Great Basin to the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. 403. Sphyrapicus ruber (GMEL.). Red-breasted Sapsucker. Picus ruber GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 429. Sphyrapicus ruber Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 104. [B 87, C 3024, 303? R 3694, C 448.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south in the mountains and foothills of California to northern Lower Cali- fornia. 404, Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cass.). Williamson’s Sapsucker. Picus thyroideus Cassin, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850-1851, 349. Sphyrapicus thyroideus BaiRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 106. 164 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 88, 89, C 304, 305, R 370, C 449.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States, west to the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and northern Coast Ranges; south on the tablelands of Mexico to the Sierra Bolanos, Jalisco. Genus CHOPHLGWUS Capsanis. Ceophiwus CaBants, J. f. O. 1862, 176. Type, Pecus pileatus LINN. 405. Ceophloeus pileatus (LINN.). Pileated Woodpecker. Picus pileatus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 113. C[eophleus| pileatus CaBants, J. f. O. 1862, 176. [Bige, Ci 2oa (R37 0) age. Groc. Dist.— Formerly the heavily wooded region of North America south of about Lat. 63°, except in the southern Rocky Mountains; now rare or extirpated in the more thickly settled parts of the Eastern States. Genus MELANERPES Swainson. SuBGENUS MELANERPES. Melanerpes Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 316. Type, Picus erythrocephalus LINN. 406. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (LInv.). Red-headed Woodpecker. Picus erythrocephalus Linn. 5. N.ed. 10, I. 1758, 113. Melanerpes erythrocephalus Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 316. [B 94, C 309, R 375, C 453-] Geoc. Dist.— United States, west to the Rocky Mountains, and north from Florida to about Lat. 50°, straggling westward to Salt Lake Valley and Arizona; rare or local east of the Hudson River. ORDER PICI 165 407. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ripcew. Californian Woodpecker. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ripcw. Bull. No. 21 U.S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 34, 85. [B 95, C 310, R, 377, C 454.] Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of the United States, from southern Oregon south to northern Lower California and Mexico, east through Arizona to southern New Mexico and western Texas. 407 a. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons Barrp. Narrow-fronted Woodpecker. Melanerpes formicivorus var. angustifrons BAIRD, Orn. Cal. I. 1870 405. ? [B Hine C 3104, R 3774; C455.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Lower California. SuBGENUS ASYNDESMUS Coves. Asyndesmus Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 55. Type, Picus torqguatus ILS. 408. Melanerpes torquatus (WILs.). Lewis’s Woodpecker. Picus torquatus Witson, Am, Orn. III. 1811, 31, pl. xx. fig. 3. Melanerpes torquatus Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 40. (Big6)/G gua a6, Crane) | Geoc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Black Hills and the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, and from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta south to Arizona, and (in winter) western Texas. Casual in Kansas. SuBGENUS CENTURUS Swainson. Centurus Swatns. Classif. B. II. 1837, 310. Type, Prcus caro- linus LINN. 166 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 409. Melanerpes carolinus (Linv.). Red-bellied Woodpecker. Picus carolinus Linn. S. N. ed. 10. I. 1758, 113. Melanerpes carolinus RipGw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. X, Jan. 1874, 378. [Bion Cigo6; Ri a72) Caco Groc. Dist.— Eastern and southern United States, north casually to Massachusetts, New York, Ontario, southern Michigan, and central Towa, west to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory and Texas. 410. Melanerpes aurifrons (WAacL.). Golden-fronted Woodpecker. Picus aurifrons WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 512. Melanerpes aurifrons Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 92, C 307, R 373, C 451.] Geroc. Dist.— Central and southern Texas, southward over the tablelands of Mexico to the City of Mexico, and from southern Tamaulipas west to Aguas Calientes and Jalisco. 411. Melanerpes uropygialis (Bairp). Gila Woodpecker. Centurus uropygialis BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 120. Melanerpes uropygialis Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 93, C308, R 374, C 452.] Geroc. Dist.— Southwestern New Mexico, and southern and western Arizona, from Lat. 35° southward through Lower California to Cape St. Lucas, and through western Mexico to Aguas Calientes and Jalisco. Genus COLAPTSES Swainson. Colaptes Swains. Zool. Journ. III. Dec. 1827, 353. Type, Cuculus auratus LINN. 412. Colaptes auratus (LINN.). Flicker. Cuculus auratus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 112. Colaptes auratus Vicors, Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 444. ORDER PICI. 167 [B 97, C312, R 378, C 457-] Groc. Dist.— Northern and eastern North America, west to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. Occasional on the Pacific slope, from California northward. Accidental in Europe. 413. Colaptes cafer (GMEL.). Red-shafted Flicker. Picus cafer GMEL. 8. N. I. 1788, 431. Colaptes cafer STEJN. Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 1885, 428. [B 98, C 314, R3784, C 459-] Groc. Dist— Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia south to southern Mexico, and west to the Coast Ranges in Oregon and Washington, and to the Pacific coast from northern California southward. 413 a. Colaptes cafer saturatior (Rivew.). Northwestern Flicker. Colaptes mexicanus saturatior RipGw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. April 10, 1884, go. Colaptes cafer saturatior A. O.U. Check-list, 1886, 218. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.—Northwest coast, from northern California to Sitka. 414, Colaptes chrysoides (Matu.). Gilded Flicker. Geopicus chrysoides MaLn. Rev. et Mag. Zool. IV. 1852, 553- Colaptes chrysoides REICH. Handb. Spec. Ornith. Scansoriz, 1854, 413. i [B 99, C 313, R 379, C 458-] Groc. Dist.— Central and southern Arizona, from Lat. 34° to southern Sonora, and Lower California south of Lat. 30°. 415. Colaptes rufipileus Ripew. Guadalupe Flicker. Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus RiDGw. Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April 1, 1876, 191. Colaptes rufipileus RipGw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club; IF. July; 1377; 60. [B —, C —, R 380, C —.] Geroc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 168 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH, AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER MACROCHIRES. GoaTSuCKERs, SWIFTS, ETC. SUBORDER CAPRIMULGI. GOoOATSUCKERS, ETC. Famity CAPRIMULGIDZE. GoaTSucKERS, ETC. Genus ANTROSTOMUS Gou Lp. Antrostomus GOULD, Icones Avium, 1838. Type, Caprimulgus carolinensis GMEL. 416. Antrostomus carolinensis (GMEL.). Chuck-will’s-widow. Caprimulgus carolinensis GMEL. S. N. I. li. 1788, 1028. Antrostomus carolinensis GOULD, Icones Avium, 1838. [Berit (C264, Bias) Coso6.) Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, from Virginia south through eastern Mexico to Central America ; Cuba. North, in the interior, to southern Illinois and Kansas. Accidental in Massachu- setts. 417. Antrostomus vociferus (WILS.). Whip-poor-will. Caprimulgus vociferus Wits. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 71, pl. 41, figs. 1-3. Antrostomus vociferus BoNap. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 8. [B 112, C 265, R 354, C 397-] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, and from Lat. 50° south to Guatemala. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 169 417 a. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax (WaGLER). Stephens’s Whip-poor-will. Caprimulgus macromystax WAGLER, Ibis, 1831, 533. Caprimulgus vociferus macromystax HARTERT, Ibis, 1892, 286. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax A. O. U. Check-List, 6th Suppl. Auk, XI. Jan. 1894, 48. (Eo Oe RAG sane Geroc. Dist.— Arizona, New Mexico, and tablelands of Mexico south to Guatemala. Genus PHALZAINOPTILUS Ruivcway. Phalenoptilus Rrpew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 5. Type, Caprimulgus nuttallii Aud. 418. Phalznoptilus nuttallii (Avp.). Poor-will. Caprimulgus nuttalla Aup. B. Am. VII. 1843, 350, pl. 495. Phalenoptilus nuttalli Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 5 [B.113, C 266, R'355, C 308.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Sierra Nevada eastward to eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas, north to central Idaho and Montana, and south to southern Mexico. 418 a. Phalznoptilus nuttallii nitidus Brewsr. Frosted Poor-will. Phalenoptilus nuttalli nitidus Brewst. Auk, IV. April, 1877, 147. [B 113, part, C 266, part, R 355, part, C 398, part. Geoc. Dist.— Texas to Arizona, and north to western Kansas. 418 4. Phalznoptilus nuttallii californicus Rinpcw. Dusky Poor-will. Phalenoptilus nuttalli californicus Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 588, foot-note. [B 113, part, C 266, part, R 355, part, C 398, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Coast of California. 170 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus NYCTIDROMUS GouwLp. Nyctidromus GouLp, Icones Avium, II. 1838, pl. ii. Type, LV. derbyanus GOULD = Caprimulgus albicollis GMEL. 419. Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SEenn. Merrill’s Parauque. Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SENN. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 44. Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, north to the Nueces River, south into northeastern Mexico. Genus CHORDEILES Swainson. Chordeiles Swatns. in Sw. & RicuH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 496. Type, Caprimulgus virginianus GMEL. 420. Chordeiles virginianus (GMEL.). Nighthawk. Caprimulgus virginianus GMEL. S, N. I. i. 1788, 1028. Chordeiles virginianus Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 496. [B 114, C 267, R 357, C 399.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern and eastern North America, west to the Great Plains and central British Columbia, and from Labrador south through tropical America to the Argentine Republic. 420 a. Chordeiles virginianus henryi (Cass.). Western Nighthawk. Chordeiles henryt Cass. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc. I. 1855, 233. Chordeiles virginianus var. henryi COUES, Key, 1872, 181. [Bris, © 2670, R sire, Ciaoe,| Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Great Plains to the Pacific coast, and from British Columbia south to northern South America. ORDER MACROCHIRES. E7e 420 6. Chordeiles virginianus chapmani (CovEs). Florida Nighthawk. [Chordeiles popetue| chapmani (SENNET, MS.) Cougs, Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 37. Chordeiles virginianus chapmani Scott, Auk, V. April, 1888, 186. [B—, C —, R 3574, C 401.] Geoc. Dist.— Florida and the Gulf coast of Texas, south in winter to South America. 421. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawr.). Texan Nighthawk. Chordeiles texensis LAwr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. VI. Dec. 1856, 167. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis R1iDGW. in BAIRD, BREWER & Ripc- way, N. Am. Birds, II. 1874, 406. PB enG, C268) Raga. Co cag. Groc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from Texas to southern California, north into southern Utah; south to Cape St. Lucas and Veragua. SUBORDER) CYPSELL. Swirwrs: Famity MICROPODIDA. Swirts. SUBFAMILY CHZAiTURINZA. SpINE-TAILED SwIFTs. Genus CYPSELOIDES Srrevset. Cypseloides STREUBEL, Isis, 1848, 366. Type, Hemiprocne fumt- gata Natt. MS. 422. Cypseloides niger (GMEL.). Black Swift. Firundo ngra GMEL. 8. N. I. ii. 1788, 1025. Cypseloides niger Sci. P. Z. S. 1865, 615. 172 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 108, C 270, R 350, C 404. ] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region (Colorado), west to the Pacific coast; north to British Columbia, and south to Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico, Costa Rica, and the West Indies. Genus CHAITURA STEPHENS. Chetura STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. ii. 1825, 76. Type, Azrundo pelagica LINN. 423. Cheetura pelagica (Linn.). Chimney Swift. Lirundo pelagica Linn. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 192. Chetura pelasgia STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. 11. 1825, 76. [B,2o0,(Cie7t, Rist, gon) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north to Labrador and the Fur Countries, west to the Plains, and passing south of the United States in winter at least to Jalapa, Mexico, and Cozumel Island. 424, Cheetura vauxii (Towns.). Vaux’s Swift. Cypselus vauxit Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIII. 1839, 148. Chetura vauxit DEKay, Zool. N.Y. II. 1844, 36. [ Bro, C 242) BR 352) C)406.] Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast of the United States northward to British Columbia; migrating south in winter to Lower California and Mexico. SuBFAMILY MICROPODINZA. Typicat Swirts. Genus ABRONAUTES Hartert. Aéronautes HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XVI, 1892, 459. Type, Cypselus melanoleucus BAIRD. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 173 425, Aéronautes melanoleucus (Bairp). White-throated Swift. Cypselus melanoleucus BatRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 118. Aéronautes melanoleucus HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XVI, 1892, 459. [B 107, C 269, R 349, C 403.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Black Hills, northern Wyoming, and southern Montana to the Pacific; south, in winter, to Guatemala. SUBORDER TROCHILI. HummInecsirps. FamiILty TROCHILIDZA. Humminceirps. GENuS EUGENES Gou.p. Eugenes GOULD, Mon. Troch. pt. xii. 1856, pl. 59. Type, Z7o- chilus fulgens SWAINS. 426. Eugenes fulgens (Swains.). Rivoli Hummingbird. Trochilus fulgens Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441. Eugenes fulgens GOULD, Mon. Troch. II. 1856, pl. 59. [B —, C 274 ds, R 334, C 408.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and tablelands of Mexico to Nicaragua. Genus CCGaLIGENA Lesson. Celigena Less. Ind. & Synop. Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xviii. Type, Ornismya clemencie LESS. 174 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 427. Coeligena clemenciz LEss. Blue-throated Hummingbird. Ornismya clemencie Luss. Ois. Mouch. 1829, 216, pl. 80. Celigena clemencie Less. Ind. & Synop. Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xviii. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] GeEoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, and the tablelands of Mexico to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Genus TROCHILUS Linnevs. SusGENus TROCHILUS. Trochilus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 119. Type, by elimina- tion, Z! colubris LINN. 428. Trochilus colubris Linn. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Trochilus colubris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 120. IB ren, C275. R335,1C\AooK Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, north to the Fur Countries, breeding from Florida to Labrador, and south, in winter, to Cuba, Mexico, and Veragua. 429, Trochilus alexandri Bourc. & MuLs. Black-chinned Hummingbird. Trochilus alexandri Bourc. & Mus. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, IX. 1846, 330. [B 102, C 276, Riz36,.C Ano] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from California to British Columbia, east to Utah and Arizona, and south to Lower California, the Valley of Mexico, and Guerrero. 429.1. Trochilus violajugulum Jerrrries. Violet-throated Hummingbird. Trochilus violajugulum JEFFRIES, Auk, V. April, 1888, 168. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Coast of southern California (Santa Barbara). Known only from the type specimen. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 175 Genus CALYPTE GouLp. Calypte Goutp, Mon. Troch. III. 1856, pl. 134. Type, Ornis- mya coste BOURC. 430. Calypte costz (Bourc.). Costa’s Hummingbird. Ornismya coste Bourc. Rev. Zool. 1839, 294. Calypte coste GouLD, Mon. Troch, III. pt. xi, 1856, pl. 134. [B 106, C 280, R 337, C 415-] Groc. Dist.— Southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, Lower California, and western Mexico. 431. Calypte anna (LEss.). Anna’s Hummingbird. Ornismya anna Less. Suppl. Ois. Mouch. 1831, rrs, pl. vil. Calypte anne GouLD, Mon. Troch. III. pt. xi, 1856, pl. 135. [B ros, C279, R338, C) 4x4] Groc. Dist.—Central and southern California, southern Arizona, and Lower California, casually to Guadalupe Island. Genus SELASPHORUS Swainson. Selasphorus Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 324. Type, Zrochilus rufus GMEL. [431.1.] Selasphorus floresii GouLp. Floresi’s Hummingbird. Selasphorus floresii GouLp, Mon. Troch. pt. xxiii. Sept. 1, 1861 (Vol. III. pl. 139). [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Mexico (Bolaiios, Jalisco); accidental at San Fran- cisco, California. 432. Selasphorus platycercus (SwaIns.). Broad-tailed Hummingbird. Trochilus platycercus Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441. Selasphorus platycercus Bon. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 82. ” 7 176 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 104, C 278, R339, C 413-] Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region (Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado), west to the Sierra Nevada, and south through Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico to Guatemala. 433. Selasphorus rufus (GMEL.). Rufous Hummingbird. Trochilus rufus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 497: ~ Trochilus (Selasphorus) rufus SwAtns. in Sw. & RICH. Fat aun. Bor. Am. TI. 1831, 324. [PB tog) C254 (RV snow ang. Geroc. Dist.—Western Texas to Montana, west to the Pacific, and north to Mount St. Elias, Alaska; south in winter on the tablelands of Mexico to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca. 434. Selasphorus alleni HeEnsu. Allen’s Hummingbird. Selasphorus alleni HENSH. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. 1877, 54. [B —, C —, R341, C 412.] Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, east to southern Arizona. Genus STELLULA Gou.p. Stellula GOULD, Introd. Troch. 1861, 90. Type, Zrochilus calliope GOULD. 436. Stellula calliope Goutp. Calliope Hummingbird. Trochilus (Calothorax) calliope Goutn, P. Z. S. 1847, 1 at SteMiele calliope GOULD, Introd. Troch. 1861, oon [B—, C 282, R 343, C 417%] » Groc. Dist.— Mountains of the Pacific slope, from British Colum- bia to Montana, Nevada, and New Momeeet south to the Vaey of Mexico and mountains of Guerrero. sf ORDER MACROCHIRES. 177 Genus CALOTHORAX Gray. Calothorax GRaAy, Gen. B. 1840, 13. Type, Cynanthus lucifer SWAINS, 437. Calothorax lucifer (Swains.). Lucifer Hummingbird. Cynanthus lucifer Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 442. Calothorax lucifer Gray, Gen. B. I. 1844, 110. [B aaa) co, R 344; C 418. | Geroc. Dist.— Tablelands of Mexico, from Puebla and the Valley of Mexico north to southern Arizona. Genus AMAZILIA REICHENBACH. Amaszilia Reicu. Syst. Av. 1849, pl. 39. Type, Orthorhynchus amazilt LESS. 438. Amazilia fuscicaudata (FRASER). Rieffer’s Hummingbird. Trochilus fuscicaudatus Fras. P. Z. S. 1840, 17. Amazilia fuscicaudata Ripcw. Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. I. 1878, Lio, 04s. [B-—, Cr R 345; C 419. | Groc. Dist.— Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, south through eastern Mexico to Central America and northern South America. 439. Amazilia cerviniventris GouLp. Buff-bellied Hummingbird. Amazilius cerviniventris GOULD, P. Z. S. 1856, 150. [B—, C—, R 346, C 420.] Groce. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande and south in east- ern Mexico to southern Vera Cruz. 12 178 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus BASILINNA 1 Botc. Basilinna Botk, Isis, 1831, 546. Type, Zrochilus leucotis ViE1Lu 440, Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.). Xantus’s Hummingbird. Amazilia xantust LAwR. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1860, 109. Basilinna xanthust Evuiot, Class. & Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 227. [B—, C 273, R 347, C 407.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California north to Lat. 29°. 440.1. Basilinna leucotis (VIEILL.). White-eared Hummingbird. Trochilus leucotis V1EILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXIII. 1818, 428. Basilinna leucotis Bote, Isis, 1831, 546. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Mexico and Nicaragua, north to the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Genus IACHE EL ior. Lache Evviot, Class. & Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 234. Type, Cynanthus latirostris SwAINs. 441. Iache latirostris (Swatns.). Broad-billed Hummingbird. Cynanthus latirostris Swains. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441. Lache latirostris E.uiot, Class. & Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 235 [B—, C—, R 348, C 421.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and south to the Valley of Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 179 OrDER PASSERES. PERcHING BIRDs. SUBORDER CLAMATORES. SoONGLEsSS PERCHING BIRDS. Famity COTINGIDAi. Tue Corrncas. Genus Platypsaris ScLaTer. Platypsaris Sci. P. Z. S. 1857, 72 (ex Bonap., 1854, = nomen nudum). Type, Pachyrhamphus latirostris BONAP. 441.1. Platypsaris albiventris (Lawr.). Xantus’s Becard. FTadrostomus albiventris Lawrk. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. VIII. 1867, 475. Platypsaris albiventris RrpGw. Man. N. Am, B. 1887, 325. (BC Reale Groc. Dist.— Western and southern Mexico, north to southern Arizona (Huachuca Mts.). FaMILy TYRANNIDA. Tyrant FLYcATCHERs. Genus MILVULUS Swainson. Milvulus Swainson, Zool. Journ. III. July, 1827, 165. Type, Tyrannus savanna ViEILL. = Muscicapa tyrannus Linn. [442.] Milvulus tyrannus (Liny.). Fork-tailed Flycatcher. Muscicapa tyrannus Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 325. Milvulus tyrannus Bonar. Geogr. & Comp. List, 1838, 25. 180 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. (Bite, C240) Riso, Gabo.) Geoc. Dist.— Southern Mexico and southward throughout Central and most of South America. Accidental in the United States (Mississippi, Kentucky, New Jersey, southern California). 443, Milvulus forficatus (GMEL.). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Muscicapa forficata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 931. Milvulus forjicatus Swans. Classif. B. II. 1827, 225. [B)a23, C 2am, R gor, "C.367.| Geoc. Dist.— Texas, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, southern Kansas and southwestern Missouri, south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. Accidental in southern Florida (Key West), New Jersey, New England, and at York Factory, Hudson Bay. Genus TYRANNUS Cuvier. Tyrannus CuvikER, Leg. d’An. Comp. I. 1799, tabl. ii. (Cf Tabl. Elem. 1797, p. 201.) Type, Lanzus tyrannus LINN. 444. Tyrannus tyrannus (Liny.). Kingbird. Lantus tyrannus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 94. Tyrannus tyrannus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 96. [B 124, C 242, R 304, C 368.] Geroc. Dist.— North America, from the British Provinces south, in winter, through eastern Mexico, Central and South America. Less common west of the Rocky Mountains. Not recorded from New Mexico and Arizona. 445, Tyrannus dominicensis (GMEL.). Gray Kingbird. Lanius tyrannus 8. dominicensis GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 302. Tyrannus dominicensis RICHARDSON, Rep. Sixth Meet. Brit. Ass. Visi nas ORDER PASSERES. 181 [B 125, C 243, R 303, C 369.] Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic States (South Carolina, Georgia, Florida), West Indies, Atlantic coast of Central America, and northern South America. Accidental in Massachusetts. 446. Tyrannus melancholicus couchii (Barrp). Couch’s Kingbird. Tyrannus couchit BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 175. Tyrannus melancholicus var. couchii Cours, Check-list, ed. 1, Deen 2S 745.5%. [B 128, 129, C 246, R 305, C 372.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States (Texas), south to Guatemala. 447. Tyrannus verticalis Say. Arkansas Kingbird. Tyrannus verticalis Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, 60. [B 126, C 244, R 306, C 370.] Geoc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, and from British Columbia south through Lower California and western Mexico to Guatemala. Accidental in Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Maine. 448, Tyrannus vociferans Swains. Cassin’s Kingbird. Tyrannus vociferans Swains. Quart. Jour. Sci. XX. 1826, 273. [B 127, C 245, R 307, C 371.] Geoc. Dist.— Western United States from southern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas and southern California, south to Guatemala. Genus PITANGUS Swainson. Pitangus Swainson, Zool. Journ. III. July, 1827, 165. Type, Tyrannus sulphuratus ViEILL. 182 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 449, Pitangus derbianus (KAuvp). Derby Flycatcher. Saurophagus derbianus Kaur, P. Z. 8S. 1851 (Oct. 1852), 44, pl. XXXVI. Pitangus derbianus SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856 (Jan. 1857), 297. . [B—, C—, R 308, C 364.] Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to northern South America. Genus MYIOZETETES Sc iater. Myiozetetes Sci. P. Z. S. 1859, 46. Type, Muscicapa cayennensis LINN. [450.] Myiozetetes texensis (GIRAUD). Giraud’s Flycatcher. Muscicapa texensis GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B, 1841, pl. 1. Myiozetetes texensis Sci. P. Z. S. 1859, 56. [B—, C—, R 309, C—.] Groc. Dist.— “Texas” (GrRAUD), south to Central America and northern South America. Genus MYIODYNASTES Bonaparte. Myiodynastes BonaP. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandée, II. 1857, 35 (ex Bowap. Comptes Rend. XXXVIII. 1854, 657, nomen nudum). Type, A/uscicapa audax GMEL. 451. Myiodynastes luteiventris Sct. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. Myiodynastes luteiventris Sci. P. Z. S. 1859, 42 (ex Bonap. Comptes Rend. XXXVIII. 1854, 657, nomen nudum). [B—, C —, R 310, C 365.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, south to Panama. Genus MYIARCHUS Casanis. Mytarchus Cas. Arch. f. Naturg. 1844, 1, 272. Type, Muscicapa Jerox GMEL. ORDER PASSERES. 183 452. Myiarchus crinitus (Linv.). Crested Flycatcher. Muscicapa crinita Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 325. Myiarchus crinitus LicutT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 16. (Binge: Cizay Rava Ciara Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to Manitoba and the Plains, south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Breeds from Florida northward. 453. Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup). Mexican Crested Flycatcher. Tyrannula mexicana Kaur, P. Z. S. 1851, 51. Myiarchus mexicanus BAIRD, B, N. Am. 1858, 179. [B 132, C—, R 311, C 374.] Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south- ward to Guatemala. 453 a. Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ripcw. Arizona Crested Flycatcher. Mytarchus mexicanus magister Rrpcw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. April 10, 1884, go. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, south into western Mexico. 454. Myiarchus cinerascens (Lawr.). Ash-throated Flycatcher. Tyrannula cinerascens LAwR. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. V. 1851, 121. Myiarchus cinerascens Sci. & SALv. Ibis, I. Apr. 1859, 121. [B 131, C 248, R 313, C 375.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, north to Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado, south to Guatemala. 454 a. Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi (Ripcw.). Nutting’s Flycatcher. Myiarchus nuttingt Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 394. Mytarchus cinerascens nuttingi ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. EV: Deci.rd92)'346. 184 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 131, part, C 248, part, R 313, part, C 375, part.| Groc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, southward through western Mexico to Costa Rica. [455.] Myiarchus lawrenceii (Grraup). Lawrence’s Flycatcher. Muscicapa lawrenceiti GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, 9 (by actual counting, the text not being paged). Myiarchus lawrencit BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 181. [B 133, C 248, R 314, C 376.] Geoc. Dist.— “ Texas ” (GirauD) and eastern Mexico. 455 a. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ripew. Olivaceous Flycatcher. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RipGw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. April 10, 1884, 91. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Arizona and western Mexico. Casual at Fort Lyon, Colorado. Genus SAYORNIS Bonaparte. Sayornis Bonar. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 87. Type, Zyrannula nigricans SWAINS. 456. Sayornis phoebe (Latz.). Pheebe. Muscicapa phebe Latuam, Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 489. Sayornis phebe Steyn. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 51. [B 135, C252, R 315, C 379.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to eastern Colorado and western Texas, and from the British Provinces south to eastern Mexico and Cuba, wintering from the South Atlantic and Gulf States southward. Breeds from South Carolina northward. Sli a te ee ORDER PASSERES. 185 457. Sayornis saya (Bonap.). Say’s Pheebe. Muscicapa saya Bonar, Am. Orn. I. 1825, 20. Sayornis sayus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 185. [B.1g6, C 250,/R 316, C397. | Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains (central North and South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas) to the Pacific ; north along the Yukon River to the Arctic Circle; south to Cape St. Lucas and over the Mexican Plateau to Puebla and central Vera Cruz. Accidental in Massachusetts. 458. Sayornis nigricans (Swarns.). Black Pheebe. Lyrannula nigricans Swatns. Phil. Mag, I. May, 1827, 367. Sayornis nigricans BonapP. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 87. iB te4, Coane ie S07 Cus7Bal Geoc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from Texas through southern New Mexico and Arizona to California, and northward along the Pacific coast to Washington ; south to Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, and in Mexico to Oaxaca. Genus CONTOPUS Capanis. Contopus Cas. J. f. O. III. Nov. 1855, 479. Type, Aluscicapa virens LINN. SuBGENUS NUTTALLORNIS Ruipvew. Nuttallornis Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 337. Type, Zyran- nus borealis SWAINS. 459. Contopus borealis (Swarns.). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Tyrannus borealis Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Faun. B. A. II. 193%, E41, Pls 35 Contopus borealis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 188. 186 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 137, C 253, R 318, C 380.] Groc. Dist.— North America, breeding from the northern and the higher mountainous parts of the United States northward to British Columbia and the Saskatchewan River. Accidental on the Lower Yukon and in Greenland. In winter, south to Central America, Colombia, and northern Peru. SuBGENUS CONTOPUS CasanlIs. 460. Contopus pertinax Cas. Coues's Flycatcher. Myiarchus pertinax Licut. Nomen. Mus. Berol. 1854, 16 (nomen nudum). Contopus pertinax Cas. Mus. Hein. II. Sept. 30, 1859, 72. [B—, C 254, R 319, C 381.] Gros. Dist.— Mountains of southern and central Arizona, south through Mexico to Guatemala. 461. Contopus virens (LINN.). Wood Pewee. Muscicapa virens Linn. S.N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327. Contopus virens CaB. J. f. O. 1855, 479. [Bi rgo) (Ces s iRig20,7C 332:4 Geroc. Disr.— Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and from southern Canada southward, migrating through eastern Mexico and Honduras to Colombia and Ecuador. Breeds from Florida to Newfoundland. 462. Contopus richardsonii (Swalns.). Western Wood Pewee. Tyrannula richardsoniti Swains. in Sw. & Ricu. F, B. A. II. 1831, 146, pl. 46, lower fig. Contopus richardsoni BatrD, B. N. Am, 1858, 189. NB )238,C 25c0) Rigen Cis.) Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, north to British Columbia and the interior of British America, south through Central America to Colombia. ORDER PASSERES. 187 462 a. Contopus richardsonii peninsulze Brewsr. Large-billed Wood Pewee. Contopus richardsonii peninsule BRewst. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 144. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Sierra dela Laguna, Lower California. GENUS HMPIDONAX Capsanis. Limpidonax Cas. J. f. O. 1855, 480. Type, Zyrannula pusilla SWAINS. 463. Empidonax flaviventris Bairp. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Lyrannula flaviventris Bairp (W. M. & S. F.), Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. July, 1843, 283. Empidonax flaviventris BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 198. [B 144, C 259, R'322, C.388.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America west to the Plains, and from southern Labrador south through eastern Mexico to Panama, breed- ing from the Northern States northward. Casual in Greenland. 464. Empidonax difficilis Barrp. Western Flycatcher. Empidonax dificilis BarrD, B, N. Am. 1858, 198 (in text). [B 144a, C 259, part, R 323, C 389. ] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific ; south to Cape St. Lucas and through western Mexico to Costa Rica ; north to southern Alaska. 464.1. Empidonax cineritius Brewsr. St. Lucas Flycatcher. Empidonax cineritius BREwsT. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, go. [B wns (G aiToN) R—, (G, ral Geroc. Dist.— Lower California. 188 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 465. Empidonax virescens (VIEILL.). Green-crested Flycatcher. Platyrhynchos virescens ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXVII. Loto, 22. Empidonax virescens Brewst. Auk, XII. April, 1895, 157. [B 143,(C 256,.R 324; Cizd4..] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New York and southern Michigan, west to the Plains, south to Cuba and Costa Rica. Rare or casual in southern New England (Hyde Park, Mass.). 466. Empidonax traillii (AUD.). Traill’s Flycatcher. Muscicapa traillii AuD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 236. Empidonax traillii Bairp, Bds. N. Am. 1858, 193. [(Bxgas'C 2570, Rig25jiC 386.) Groc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Mississippi Valley (Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan) to the Pacific, and from the Fur Countries south into Mexico. 466 a. Empidonax traillii alnorum Brewst. Alder Flycatcher. Empidonax traillit alnorum Brewst. Auk, XII. April, 1895, 161. [B14o, C257, Rog262@, C385; Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, from the Maritime Prov- inces and New England westward at least to northern Michigan, etc., breeding from the southern edge of the Canadian Fauna north- ward ; in winter south to Central America. 467. Empidonax minimus Barrp. Least Flycatcher. Tyrannula minima Bairp (W. M. & S. F.), Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. July, 1843, 284. Empidonax minimus BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 195. [Bir42, C258, R 276) C1237.) Geoc. Dist.— Chiefly eastern North America, west to eastern Colorado and central Montana, south in winter to Central America. Breeds from the Northern States northward. ORDER PASSERES. 189 468. Empidonax hammondi (Xanrvs). Hammond’s Flycatcher. Tyrannula hammondi Xantus, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. May, 1858, 117. Empidonax hammondi Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 199. [B 145, C 260, R 327, C 390.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America, from the western border of the Plains westward, north to Lesser Slave Lake and Alaska, and south to southern Mexico. 469. Empidonax wrightii Barrp. Wright’s Flycatcher. Empidonax wrightii BAtrD, B. N. Am, 1858, 200 (in text). [B 146, C 261, R 328, C 391.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, north to Oregon and Mon- tana, and south to southern Mexico. 469.1. Empidonax griseus Brewst. Gray Flycatcher. Empidonax griseus BRewst. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 87. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California and portions. of Sonora. (Ari- zona ?) [470.] Empidonax fulvifrons (Giraup). Fulvous Flycatcher. Muscicapa fulvifrons GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Tex. B. 1841, pl. ii. Empidonax fulvifrons Sci. P. Z. S. 1858, 301. [B—, C—, R 329, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— “ Texas ” (GrRAUD), and eastern Mexico. 470 a. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmzeus (CovEs). Buff-breasted Flycatcher. Empidonax pygmaeus CouEs, Ibis, 1865, 537. Emptidonax fulvifrons pygm@eus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 356. [B —, C 262, R 329a, C 392.] Groc. Dist.— Western New Mexico and southern Arizona, south into western Mexico. Igo CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus PYROCEPHALUS Gou.p. Pyrocephalus Gout, Zool. Voy. Beag. 1841, 44. Types, “ Pyro- cephalus parvirostris (GOULD), and Muscicapa coronata (AUCT.).” 471. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (SCL.). Vermilion Flycatcher. Pyrocephalus mexicanus Sci. P. Z. S. 1859, 45- Pyrocephalus rubineus var. mexicanus COuES, Key, 1872, 177. [B 147, C 263, R 330, C 394.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern and central Arizona, southwestern Utah, and the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to Lower California and Guatemala. Genus ORNITHION Harr ave. Ornithion HartTLavs, J.f. O.1853,35. Type, O. zxerme Harti. 472. Ornithion imberbe (SCL.). Beardless Flycatcher. Camptostoma imberbe Scu. P. Z. S. 1857, 203. Ornithion imberbe LAwR. Ibis, 1876, 497. [B—, C —, R 331, C 393.] Groce. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south into eastern Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. 472 a. Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi Brewst. Ridgway’s Flycatcher. Ornithium imberbe ridgwayt BREwstT. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. VII. Oct. 1882, 208. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, south in Mexico to Puebla and Jalisco. ORDER PASSERES. Ig! SuBORDER OSCINES. Sone Birps. FamiLty ALAUDIDZ. Larks. Genus ALAUDA Linneus. Alauda Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165. Type, by elimination, A. arvensis LINN. [473.] Alauda arvensis Linn. Skylark. Alauda arvensis Linn. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165. [B —, C 55 42s, R 299, C 88.] Geroc. Dist.— Europe and Asia. Accidental in Greenland and Bermuda. Genus OTOCORIS Bonaparte. Otocoris Bonar. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, II. 1838, 407. Type, Alauda alpestris LINN. 474. Otocoris alpestris (Liyy.). Horned Lark. Alauda alpestris Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 166. Otocoris alpestris Bonar. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, II. 1838. 407. (Biz02, Cigg 'Rizo0:'C S2.| Groc. Dist.— Northeastern North America, Greenland, and northern parts of the Old World; in winter south in eastern United States to the Carolinas, Illinois, etc. 192 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 474 a, Otocoris alpestris leucolema (Cougs). Pallid Horned Lark. Evemophila alpestris b. leucolema CouEs, B. N. W. 1875, 38 (part). Otocoris alpestris leucolema StrjN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 34. [B —, C 534, R 300a, C 83.] Geroc. Dist.— Interior of British America, and Alaska, south in winter into western United States. 4744, Otocoris alpestris praticola HENsH. Prairie Horned Lark. Oltocorys| alpestris praticola Hensu. Auk, I. July, 1884, 264. [B—,C —, R—, C —.] Groc. Dist.— Upper Mississippi Valley and the region of the Great Lakes to New England, breeding eastward to northeastern New York and western Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont, and migrating south to South Carolina, Texas, etc. 474. Otocoris alpestris arenicola HEeENsH. Desert Horned Lark. Oltocorys| alpestris arenicola Hensu. Auk, I. July, 1884, 265. [B—, C—, R—, C —.] Groc. Dist.— Great Plains and Great Basin of the United States, south in winter to northern Mexico. 474 ¢@. Otocoris alpestris giraudi HENsu. Texan Horned Lark. Otocorys alpestris giraudi Hensu. Auk, I. July, 1884, 266. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern and southeastern Texas. 474¢. Otocoris alpestris chrysolema (WACGL.). Mexican Horned Lark. Alauda chrysolema WaGtu. Isis, 1831, 530. Otocoris alpestris chrysolema StEjN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 34. ORDER PASSERES. 193 [B—, C 53a, R 3008, C 84.] Groc. Dist.— Coast district of California (north to Nicasio), northern Lower California, and parts of Mexico (Mirador, Vera Cruz, Valley of Mexico, etc.). 4747. Otocoris alpestris rubea HeEnsu. Ruddy Horned Lark. Oltocorys| alpestris rubeus HENsH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 267. [B—, C—, R—, C—] Geroc. Dist.— Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, California. 474. Otocoris alpestris strigata HeEnsu. Streaked Horned Lark. O[tocorys| alpestris strigata Hensu. Auk, I. July, 1884, 267. [B—, C—, R—, C—] Groc. Dist.— Coast region of Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. Islands off coast of southern California. 474. Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwicur. Scorched Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwicut, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 148. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and New Mexico, western Texas, and southward into Mexico. 4747. Otocoris alpestris merrilli Dwicurt. Dusky Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris merrilli Dwicut, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 153. [B aiute: Cc Ted R—, c —.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern Oregon, Washington, and British Colum- bia, between the Cascade and Rocky Mountains; southward in winter into Nevada and California. 4747. Otocoris alpestris pallida Townsenp. Sonoran Horned Lark. Otocoris alpestris pallida TowNsEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 138. [B—,C—, R-, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California and Sonora. 13 Ig4 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FamiLty CORVIDZ. Crows, Jays, MAGPIES, ETC. SUBFAMILY GARRULINZE. Macpies anp Jays. Genus PICA Brisson. fica Briss. Orn. II. 1760, 35. Type, Corvus pica LINN. 475. Pica pica hudsonica (Saz.). American Magpie. Corvus hudsonicus Sas. App. Frankl. Journ. 1823, 25, 671. Pica pica hudsonica JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 94. (i 432,\C 233,\R'286, C347.) Geroc. Dist.— Northern and western North America, from the Plains to the Cascade Mountains and north to Alaska; casually east and south to Michigan (accidental in northern Illinois in winter), and in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. Replaced in California, west of the Sierra Nevada, by the next species. 476. Pica nuttalli Aun. Yellow-billed Magpie. Pica nuttalli AuD. Orn. Biog. IV. 1838, 450, pl. 362. [B 433, C 2334, R 287, C 348.] Geroc. Dist.— California, west of the Sierra Nevada, from Sacra- mento Valley south to about latitude 34°, locally distributed. Genus CYANOCITTA SrrickLanp. Cyanocitta STRICKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 261. Type, Corvus cristatus LINN. 477. Cyanocitta cristata (Linn.). Blue Jay. Corvus cristatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 106. Cyanocitta cristata STRICKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 261. ORDER PASSERES. 195 [B 434, C 234, R 289, C 349.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, and from the Fur Countries south to Florida and eastern Texas. 477 a. Cyanocitta cristata florincola Covers. Florida Blue Jay. Cyanocitta cristata florincola Cours, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 421. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Florida and the Gulf coast to southeastern Texas, casually along the coast to southwestern Texas. 478. Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmet.). Steller’s Jay. Corvus stelleri GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 370. Cyanocitta stellert STRIcKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 261. [B 435, C 235, R 290, C 350.] Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast of North America, from Sitka south through the Cascade and Coast Ranges to Monterey Bay. 478 a, Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Rivew.). Blue-fronted Jay. Cyanura stelleri var. frontalis RipGw. Am. Journ. Sc. & Arts, 3d ser. V. Jan. 18473, ar. Cyanocitta stelleri var. frontalis BoUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 279. [B—, C 2354, R 2904, C 353+] Geoc. Dist.— Southern coast ranges and Sierra Nevada of Cali- fornia and western Nevada, from Fort Crook south to northern Lower California. 478 6. Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha (Barrp). Long-crested Jay. Cyanocitta macrolopha Barry, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 18 54, 118. Cyanocttia stelleri macrolopha Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. V. April, 1880, 98. 196 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 436, C 2352, R 2900, 290¢, C 352.| Geoc. Dist.— Southern Rocky Mountains, southern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. 478 c. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (Bairp). Black-headed Jay. [Cyanura stelleri| var. annectens Barb, Hist. N. Am, B. II. 1874, 281, in text. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens RipGw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 184. [B 436, part, C 255a, part, R 290d, C 352, part] Geroc. Dist.— Northern Rocky Mountains, south to Wahsatch range, west to eastern Oregon and Washington. . Genus APHELOCOMA Capanis. Aphelocoma CaBaAnis, Mus. Hein. I. Oct. 15, 1851, 221. Type, Garrulus californicus V1G. 479. Aphelocoma floridana (DaRTR.) Florida Jay. Corvus floridanus BARTR. Trav. Carol. 1791, 291. Aphelocoma filoridana Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1851, 221. (B\439\C 236 wR {on Ceca Geroc. Distr. — Florida, of local distribution. 480. Aphelocoma woodhouseii (BarrD). Woodhouse’s Jay. Cyanocitta wovdhouseit BarRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 585, pl. 59. Aphelocoma woodhcusii Ripew. Field and Forest, June, 1877, 208. [B 438, C 236a, R 292, C 355.| Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the desert ranges of southern California north to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyo- ming, Colorado and New Mexico, and south to northern Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 197 480.1. Aphelocoma cyanotis Ripew. Blue-eared Jay. Aphelocoma cyanotis Ripcw. Man. N. Am. ds. 1887, 357. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Northern Mexico, ranging northward into western Texas. 481. Aphelocoma californica (Vic.). California Jay. Garrulus californicus Vic. Zool. Beech. Voy. 1839, 21, pl. v. Aphelocoma californica Cas. Mus. Hein. I. Oct. 15, 1851, 221. [B 437, C 236d, R 293, C 356.] Groce. Dist.— Pacific coast region, including both slopes of the Sierra Nevada, from the Columbia River to northern Lower Cali- fornia. 481 a. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Rivew. Xantus’s Jay. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 356. [B 437, part, C 2364, part, R 293, part, C 356, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California, from Cape St. Lucas north to Late 23". 4814, Aphelocoma californica obscura ANTHoNY. Belding’s Jay. Aphelocoma californica obscura ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. ad SE, Ll Oct Rr Teo. 7 5) [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. 481.1. Aphelocoma insularis HeEnsu. Santa Cruz Jay. Aphelocoma insularis HENSH. Auk, III. Oct. 1886, 452. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Santa Cruz Island, southern California. 198 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 482. Aphelocoma sieberii arizonze Ripcw. Arizona Jay. Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizone RipGw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec. 1873, 199. Aphelocoma sieberit arizone Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355: [B 440, C 237, R 295, C 357.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and southward into Sonora and Chihuahua. Genus XANTHOURA Bonaparte. Xanthoura Bonar. Consp. Av. I. May 6, 1850, 380. Type, Corvus yncas BODD. 483. Xanthoura luxuosa (LEss.). Green Jay. Garrulus luxuosus LESS. Rev. Zool. 1839, 100. Xanthoura luxuosa BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 380. [B 442,10 226, i296,'C 353.) Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward in eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz and Puebla. Genus PEHRISOREUS Bonaparte. Perisoreus BONAP. Saggio, 1831, 43. Type, Corvus imfaustus LINN. 484. Perisoreus canadensis (LIinv.). Canada Jay. Corvus canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 158. Perisoreus canadensis Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 27. [B 443, C 239, R 297, C 359.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern New York, northern New England, and northern Michigan, northward to Arctic America. ORDER PASSERES. 199 484 a. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis Ripcw. Rocky Mountain Jay. Perisoreus canadensis var. capitalis “Batrp MS.” Rripew. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov. 1873, 193. [B—, C 2394, R 2974, C 362.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States, south to New Mexico and Arizona. 484 5. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons Ripcw. Alaskan Jay. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons Rrpcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March 27, 1880, 5. [B—, C—, R 2974, C 360.] Groc. Dist.— Alaska, except southern coast district. 484c, Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus Rivew. Labrador Jay. Pertsoreus canadensis nigricapillus Rrpcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. Ve June 5, 1652. 05. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Coast district of Labrador, north to Ungava Bay. 485, Perisoreus obscurus (Rivcw.). Oregon Jay. Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus Ripcw. Bull. Essex Inst. Nov. 1873, 194. Perisoreus obscurus SHARPE, Brit. Mus. Cat. B. III. 1877, 105. [B—, C 2392, R 298, C 361.] Geoc. Dist.— Northwest coast, from the northern Sierra Nevada and Humboldt Bay, in California, to British Columbia. SUBFAMILY CORVINZ. Crows. Genus CORVUS Linnaeus. Corvus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 105. Type, by elimination, C. corax LINN. 200 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 486. Corvus corax sinuatus (WAGL.). American Raven. Corvus sinuatus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 748. ; Corvus corax sinuatus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 00° [B 423) 434, Ci226.R) 280,'C (age. Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains westward, and south to Guatemala. 486 a. Corvus corax principalis Ripcw. Northern Raven. Corvus corax principals RipGcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 361. [B 423, part, C 226, part, R 280, part, C 338, part. | Geoc. Dist.— Northern North America, south to British Colum- bia, northern Michigan, New Brunswick, Maine, New Jersey, North Carolina, etc. 487. Corvus cryptoleucus Coucu. White-necked Raven. Corvus cryptoleucus CoucH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1854, 66. (Bi42gC 297, Rozet.Ce20.1 Groc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from Texas to southern California, north to Colorado and western Kansas, south into northern Mexico. 488. Corvus americanus AuD. American Crow. Corvus americanus AuD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 317. (B\426,'C 228, Ri2d2,iCiaao.) Geoc. Dist.— North America, from the Fur Countries to the south- ern border of the United States. Locally distributed in the West. 488 a. Corvus americanus floridanus Bairp. Florida Crow. Corvus americanus var. floridanus BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 568. [B 427, C 228a, R 282a, C 341.] Geroc. Dist.— Florida. ORDER PASSERES. 201 489. Corvus caurinus Barrp. Northwest Crow. Corvus caurinus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 569. [B 428, C 2284, R 282d, C 342.] Geoc. Dist.— Northwest coast, from California to Sitka. 490. Corvus ossifragus WILS. Fish Crow. Corvus ossifragus Wits. Am, Orn. V. 1812, 27, pl. 37, fig. 2. [B 429, C 229, R 283, C 343.] Geroc. Dist.— Atlantic and Gulf coasts, from southern Connec- ticut to Louisiana. Common in the lower Hudson Valley ; casual in Massachusetts. Genus NUCIFRAGA Brisson. Nucifraga Brisson, Orn. II. 1760, 58. Type, /V. caryocatactes. SusGENUS PICICORVUS BonapartTeE. Picicorvus Bonar. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 384. Type, Corvus columbianus WILLS. 491. Nucifraga columbiana (WILs.). Clarke’s Nutcracker. Corvus columbianus Wits. Am. Om. III. 1811, 29, pl. 20, fig. 3. Nucifraga columbiana Auv. Orn. Biog. IV. 1834, 459. [B 430, C 230, R 284, C 344.] Groc. Dist.— Higher coniferous forests of western North Amer- ica, from the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, and from Putnam River, Alaska, south to Arizona and northern Lower California. Accidental in Kansas, Missouri and Arkansas. Genus CYANOCEPHALUS Bonaparte. Cyanocephalus Bonar. Oss. Stat. Zool. Eur. Vertebr. 1842, 17. Type, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WED. 202 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 492. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (WIED). Pinon Jay. Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WiED, Reise N. Amer. II. 1841, 21. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus STEJN. Auk, I. 1884, 230. [B 431, C 231, R 285, C 345.] Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountains, west to the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada, and from British America south to northern Lower California. Accidental in eastern Kansas and eastern Nebraska. Famity STURNIDZE. § Star ines. Genus STURNUS Linnvs. Sturnus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167. Type, by elimination, S. vulgaris LINN. [493.] Sturnus vulgaris Linn. Starling. Sturnus vulgaris Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167. [B—, Ca R 279; C 363. Groc. Dist.— Europe and northern Asia; accidental in Green- land. Introduced and apparently well-established in the vicinity of New York city. Famity ICTERIDZAG. BLacksirps, ORIOLES, ETC. Genus DOLICHONYX Swainson. Dolichonyx Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. June, 1827, 435. Type, Fringilla orysivora LINN. 494. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (LINN.). Bobolink. Fringilla oryzivora LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 179. Dolichonyx oryzivorus Swatns. Zool. Jour. III. 1827, 351. ORDER PASSERES. 203 [B'399, C eto Rae Gisso,) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to Montana, eastern Nevada, Utah, and Idaho; north to Ontario, and the southern parts of Manitoba, Assiniboia, and Alberta; south, in winter, to the West Indies and South America. Breeds from the Middle States north- ward, and winters south of the United States. Genus MOLOTHRUS Swainson. Molothrus Swans. F. B. A. II. 1831, 277. Type, Fringilla pecoris GMEL. = Oriolus ater Bopp. 495. Molothrus ater (Bopp.). Cowbird. Oriolus ater Bopp. Tabl. Pl. Enlum. 1783, 37. Molothrus ater Gray, Handl. B. II. 1870, 36. [B 400, C 211, R 258, C 313.] Geroc. Dist.— United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, north into southern British America, south, in winter, into Mexico. 495a. Molothrus ater obscurus (GMEL.). Dwarf Cowbird. Sturnus obscurus GMEL. S. N. I. li. 1788, 804. M (olothrus | ater var. obscurus Cours, B. N. W. 1874, 180, in text. [B—, C 2r1a, R 258a, C 314.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern United States, from Texas to southern Arizona and Lower California, south into Mexico. Genus CALLOTHRUS Cassin. Callothrus Cass. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1866, 18. Type, Psarocolius eneus AGL. 204 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 496. Callothrus robustus (Cap.). Red-eyed Cowbird. Molothrus robustus Cas. Mus. Hein. I. Sept. 1851, 193, foot- note. Callothrus robustus Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 589. [B—, C—, R 259, C 315.] Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward to Panama. Genus XANTHOCEPHALUS Bonaparte. Xanthocephalus Bonar. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 431. Type, /cterus icterocephalus BONAP. = L. xanthocephalus BONAP. 497. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.). Yellow-headed Blackbird. Icterus xanthocephalus Bonar. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. Roz, 222. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, g2. [B 404, .C. 213. R260, 'Cigtg:] Geroc. Dist.— Western North America, from Wisconsin, Illinois and Texas to the Pacific coast, and from British Columbia and the Saskatchewan River southward to the Valley of Mexico. Accidental in Ontario and the Atlantic States (Massachusetts, District of Columbia, South Carolina, Florida). Genus AGELAIUS VIEILLOT. Agelaius Vie1tu. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Oriolus pheniceus LINN. 498. Agelaius phoeniceus (Linv.). Red-winged Blackbird. Oriolus pheniceus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 161. Agelaius pheniceus ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXXIV. 1819, 539- ORDER PASSERES. 205 DB igor, \C 2in2, 26x, Caro, | Groc. Dist.— North America in general, from Great Slave Lake south to Costa Rica, excepting western Mexico and the lower Colo- rado Valley, southern Florida, the Gulf coast of Louisiana, and the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas during the breeding season. 498 a. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ripcw. Sonoran Red-wing. Agelaius pheniceus sonoriensis RipGw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 370. [B 401, part, C 212, part, R 261, part, C 316, part. | Geoc. Dist.— Northern Mexico and contiguous borders of the United States, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley and southern Arizona north to the lower Colorado Valley, California, and Chilli- wack, British Columbia. 4984. Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti Rincw. Bahaman Red-wing. Agelaius pheniceus bryanti Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 370. [B 401, part, C 212, part, R 261, part, C 316, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Bahamas and southern Florida, west to the Gulf coast of Louisiana (Lake Borgne), south to Yucatan and Nicaragua. 499. Agelaius gubernator (WacL.). Bicolored Blackbird. Psarocolius gubernator WaGL. Isis, IV. 1832, 281. Agelaius gubernator BONAP. P.Z.S. 1837 (June, 1838), 110. [B 402, C 212a, R 2614, C 317.] Groce. Dist.— Pacific coast districts, from western Washington, south to Lower California, west of the Cascades and the Sierra Nevada. Casually to western Nevada and southeastern California (Inyo Co.). 500. Agelaius tricolor (Aup.). Tricolored Blackbird. Lcterus tricolor “ Nutr.” Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, pl. 388, fig. 1. Agelaius tricolor Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 29. [B 403, C 2124, R 262, C 318.] Groc. Dist.— Southwestern Oregon, south through California, west of the Sierra Nevada, to northern Lower California. 206 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus STURNELLA VIEILLOoT. Sturnella ViEILL. Analyse, 1816, 34. Type, Alauda magna LINN. 501. Sturnella magna LiInv.). Meadowlark. Alauda magna LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167. Sturnella magna Swains. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436. (Brao6, C274. 'R 263, 'C 320.) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada to the Plains. Breeds from the Gulf of Mexico northward. 501 a. Sturnella magna mexicana (SCL.). Mexican Meadowlark. Sturnella mexicana Scu. Ibis, 1861, 179. Sturnella magna var. mexicana B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. II. cite UN Oy [B—, C—, R 263a, C 321.] Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande and southern Ari- zona, and south through eastern and central Mexico to Panama. 501 4. Sturnella magna neglecta (AUD.). Western Meadowlark. Sturnella neglecta Aup. B. Am. VII. 1843, 339, pl. 487. Sturnella magna var. neglecta ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. No. 2, July, 1872, 178. [B 407, C 214@)\Ri gba C322.) Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Texas, etc., west to the Pacific coast and north to British Columbia and Manitoba, south through central and western Mexico to Guanajuato and Jalisco. Genus ICTERUS Brisson. SuUBGENUs ICTERUS. Icterus Briss. Orn. II. 1760, 85. Type, by elimination, Orzolus icterus LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 207 [502.] Icterus icterus (Liny.). Troupial, Oriolus icterus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 161. Lcterus icterus Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 408, C—, R 265, C 323.] Groc. Dist.—West Indies (introduced) and northern South America. Accidental at Charleston, S. C. (AupuBON). 503. Ieterus audubonii Giravup. Audubon’s Oriole. Lcterus audubonii GiRauD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 18.41, 3. [B 409, C 220, R 266, C 330.] Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward in Mexico to Oaxaca. 504. Ieterus parisorum Bonap. Scott’s Oriole. Léterus parisorum Bonap. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 110. [B 4r2, C 219, R 268, C 329,| Geroc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from western Texas to southern California; north to northern New Mexico, southwestern Utah, southern Nevada, and California to Lat. 38° east of the Sierra Nevada; south to Lower California and on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla and Vera Cruz. SuBGENUS PENDULINUS Vierttor. Lendulinus ViEILL. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Oriolus spurius LINN. 505. Icterus cucullatus Swains. Hooded Oriole. Icterus cucullatus Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436. [B 413, C 218, R 269, C 328.] Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward through eastern and southern Mexico to British Honduras. 208 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 505 a. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ripcw. Arizona Hooded Oriole. Lcterus cucullatus nelsoni Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. Vol. VIII. April 20, 1885, 19. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona, west to Santa Barbara, California, and south to Mazatlan and Cape St. Lucas. 506. Icterus spurius (LINN.). Orchard Oriole. Oriolus spurius LINN. S. N.ed. 12, I. 1766, 162. Ieterus spurius BoNAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. III. 1823, 363. [B 474,'C 2x5, R 270, C324.) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to the southern por- tions of New England, New York, Ontario, Michigan, and North Dakota, west to the Plains, south, in winter, to northern Colombia. Breeds throughout its United States range. SuBGENUS YPHANTES VIEILLoT. Yphantes ViEILL. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Coractas galbula LINN. 507. Icterus galbula (Linv.). Baltimore Oriole. Coracias galbula Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 108. Lcterus galbula Cours, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. V. Apr. 1880, 98. [PBiges, C2 re Rear e220. Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to Ontario and Man- itoba, west nearly to the Rocky Mountains, south, in winter, through Mexico to Colombia. 508. Icterus bullocki (Swains.). Bullock’s Oriole. Xanthornus bullockt Swains. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436. Leterus bullocki Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 29. ORDER PASSERES. 209 [Bane C207) R272) C224, Geroc. Dist.— Tablelands of Mexico, from Puebla and Valley of Mexico north through the western United States to Manitoba and British Columbia east of the Cascades, and from the western portion of the Plains to the Pacific. Genus SCOLECOPHAGWUS Swainson. Scolecophagus Swains. F. B. A. II. 1831, 286. Type, Oriolus Serrugineus GMEL. = Turdus carolinus Miu. 509. Scolecophagus carolinus (Mitt.). Rusty Blackbird. Lurdus carolinus MGLLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl. 1776, 140. Scolecophagus carolinus Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 188 5? a5 0. [B 417, C 221, R 273, C 331.| Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to Alaska and the Plains. Breeds from northern New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan northward. Accidental in Lower California. 510. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (WaGL.). Brewer’s Blackbird. fsarocolius cyanocephalus Wactu. Isis, 1829, 7 58. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 18 Bibra. [B 428, C 222, R274, C 332.] Geroc. Dist.— Western’ North America, from the Plains to the Pacific, and from the Saskatchewan region south on the highlands of Mexico to Oaxaca. Genus QUISCALUS Vierrtrort. SUBGENUS QUISCALUS. Quiscalus ViEILu. Anal. 1816, 36. Type, Graciula guiscula Linn. 14 210 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 511. Quiscalus quiscula (Linn.). Purple Grackle. Gracula quiscula LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 109. Quiscalus quiscula JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 93. [Biaai, € 225, R296, C aan] Geoc. Dist.— Northern Alabama, eastern Tennessee, and east of the Alleghanies from Georgia to Massachusetts. 511 a. Quiscalus quiscula agleeus (Barrp). Florida Grackle. Quiscalus agleus BAIRD, Am, Jour. Sci. & Arts, XLI. Jan. 1866, 84. Ouiscalus guiscula agéeus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 43, foot-note. [B 422, C—, R 278a, C 336.] Geroc. Dist.— Florida, and the southern part of the Gulf States to Texas ; north along the Atlantic coast to Virginia. 511. Quiscalus quiscula ceneus (Ripew.). Bronzed Grackle. Quiscalus eneus RipGw. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1869, 134. Quiscalus quiscula eneus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 43, foot-note. [B—, C 2254, R 2780, C 337.| Groc. Dist.— From the Alleghanies and southern New England north to Newfoundland and Great Slave Lake, west to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, and south to Louisiana and Texas. In migrations, the southeastern States, except Florida and the Atlantic coast district south of Virginia. SuBGENUS MEGAQUISCALUS Cassin. Megaquiscalus Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 409. Type, Quiscalus major VIEILL. 512. Quiscalus macrourus SwalIns. Great-tailed Grackle. Quiscalus macrourus Swatins. Anim. in Menag. 1838, 299. [B 419, C 223, R 275, C 333.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern Texas, south to Central America. ORDER PASSERES. 211 513. Quiscalus major VIEILL. Boat-tailed Grackle. Quiscalus major ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXVIII. 1819, hee (‘B'420/C 2e4, i ama. Co aac Geos. Dist.— Coast region of the South Atlantic and Gulf States, from Virginia to Texas. FamMity FRINGILLIDA. FIncHEs, Sparrows, ETC. Genus COCCOTHRAUSTES Brisson. Coccothraustes Briss. Orn. III. 1760, 218. Type, Zoxza cocco- thraustes LINN. SuBGENUS HESPBERIPHONA Bonaparte. Flesperiphona Bonar. Compt. Rend. XXXI. Sept. 1850, 424. Type, fringilla vespertina COOPER. 514. Coccothraustes vespertinus (Coop.). Evening Grosbeak. Fringilla vespertina Coop. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.I. ii. 1825, 220. Coccothraustes vespertina Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. IT. 1831, 269, pl. 68. [B 303, C 136, R 165, C 189.] Geoc. Dist.— Western British Provinces, east to Lake Superior, and casually to Michigan, Ohio, Ontario, New York, and New England. 514a. Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus (Ripew.). Western Evening Grosbeak. LHesperiphona vespertina var. montana Ripcw. in Hist. N. Am. Bds., Land Bds., I. 1874, 449. Coccothraustes vespertina montana MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890, 246. é 212 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 303, part, C 136, part, R 165, part, C 189, part. Geroc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Pacific coast eastward to the Rocky Mountains ; southward over the tablelands of Mexico to Orizaba. Genus PINICOLA VIEILLOoT. Pinicola VieILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv. Type, P. rubra VIEILL. = Loxia enucleator LINN. 515. Pinicola enucleator (Linn.). Pine Grosbeak. Loxia enucleator LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 171. Pinicola enucleator Cas. in ErscH & GRUBER, Encycl. 1st Sect. I. 1849, 219. |B 304, C137, ik 166, Cago,] Groc. Dist.— Northern parts of the northern hemisphere, breed- ing in North America from northern New England, Quebec, the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, and about Lat. 37° in the Sierra Nevada, northward nearly to the limit of trees; south in winter irregularly into northeastern United States. Genus PYRRHULA Brisson. Pyrrhula Briss. Orn. III. 1760, 308. Type, Loxta pyrrhula LINN. [516.] Pyrrhula cassini (Barrp). Cassin’s Bullfinch. Pyrrhula coccinea var. cassint Batrp, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci. I. 1869, 310. Pyrrhula cassini TRISTRAM, Ibis, Apr. 1871, 231. [B—, C 138, R 167, C r91.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern Siberia. Accidental at Nulato, Alaska. Genus CARPODACUS Kavp. Carpodacus KaupP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 161. Type, Zoxia erythrina PALL. ORDER PASSERES. 213 517. Carpodacus purpureus (GMEL.). Purple Finch. fringilla purpurea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 923. Carpodacus purpureus Gray, Gen. B. II. 1844, 384. [B 305, C 139, R 168, C 194.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, from the Atlantic coast to the Plains. Breeds from the Middle States northward. 517 a. Carpodacus purpureus californicus Barrp. California Purple Finch. Carpodacus californicus BatrD, B. N. Am. 1858, 413. Carpodacus purpureus var. californicus B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. I. 1874, 465. [B 306, C—, R 168a, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south in winter to southern California. 518. Carpodacus cassini Barrp. Cassin’s Purple Finch. Carpodacus cassini Batrp, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, I 1g. [B 307, C 140, R 169, C 195.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, and south over the plateau region of Mexico to Mt. Orizaba. SusGENUS BURRICA Ripnew. Burrwa Ripew. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 390. Type, ringilla mexicana MULL. 519. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say). House Finch. Fringilla frontalis Say, Lonc’s Exp. II. 1823, 40. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis Ripaw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 391. 214 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 308, C 141, R 170, C 196.] Groc. Dist.— Colorado and western Texas, westward to Oregon and California, south into Lower California and western Mexico. 519 6. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus Ripew. St. Lucas House Finch. Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 391, foot-note. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus RipGw. Man.N. Am. B. 1887, 594: [B—, C 141a, R 170a, C 197.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California, and probably adjacent parts of Sonora. 520. Carpodacus amplus Ripew. Guadalupe House Finch. Carpodacus amplus Ripcw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Mer, 1. No.\2, April 2, 2876,:157. [B—, C—, R171, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Genus LOXIA Linnaeus. Loxia Linn. S. N. ed. 10, 1. 1758, 171. Type, by elimination, Loxia curvirostra LINN. 521. Loxia curvirostra minor (BREH™). American Crossbill. Crucirostra minor BREHM, Naumannia, 1853, 193. Loxia curvirostra minor RipGw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- (B.318)C 143 5°R 172, (Cage, | Geoc. Dist.— Northern North America, resident sparingly south in the eastern United States to Maryland and Tennessee, and in the Alleghanies ; irregularly abundant in winter. Casual at Charleston, S. C., and New Orleans, La. ORDER PASSERES. 215 591a. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ripvcw. Mexican Crossbill. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- [B 318a, C 143a, R 172a, C 200.] Groc. Dist.— Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado, west to the Sierra Nevada, and south through New Mexico, Arizona, and the tablelands of Mexico to Guatemala. 522. Loxia leucoptera GMEL. White-winged Crossbill. Loxta leucoptera GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 540. [B 319, C 142, R 173, C 198.] Groc. Dist.— Northern parts of North America, south into the United States in winter. Breeds from northern New England northward. Genus LEUCOSTICTE Swainson. Leucosticte SwAINsS. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 265. Type, Linaria tephrocotis SWAINS. 523. Leucosticte griseonucha (Branpr). Aleutian Leucosticte. Fringilla (Linaria) griseonucha BRanvT, Bull. Ac. St. Pétersb. Nov. 1841, 36. Leucosticte griseinucha Bonap. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 537: [B 323, C 144@, R 174, C 205.] Groc. Dist.— Aleutian Islands, including Kadiak, Unalaska, Pribilof, and Commander Islands. 524. Leucosticte tephrocotis SwaIns. Gray-crowned Leucosticte. Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis Swains. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 265, pl. 50. Leucosticte tephrocotis Swatns. in Sw. & Ricw. Fauna Bor. Am. LT, £8325) 404. 216 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. (Big22, Cra 7s Cig Geoc. Dist.— Interior of British America, south in winter through- out the entire Rocky Mountain region of the United States, but most abundant on the eastern slope. Known to breed only in the Sierra Nevada in California. 524 a. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis (Barirp). Hepburn’s Leucosticte. Leucosticte littoralis Batrp, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci. I. i. 1869, 219, pl. 26, ig. '©. Leucosticte tephrocotis var. littoralis COUES, Key, 1872, 130. [B—, C—, R 1754, C 204.] Geoc. Dist.—In summer, probably the interior mountainous regions of British Columbia; in winter, northwest coast, from Kadiak southward, and eastward in the Rocky Mountain region to Colorado. 525, Leucosticte atrata Rivew. Black Leucosticte. Leucosticte atrata Ripcw. American Sportsman, July 18, 1874, 241; Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geog. Surv, Terr. 2d ser. No: 2, May 11, 1875, 69. [B—, C—, R 176, C 201.] Groc. Dist.— Breeds in the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho, and probably other northern ranges; in winter, mountains of Colorado and Utah. 526. Leucosticte australis Ripcw. Brown-capped Leucosticte. Leucosticte tephrocotis var. australis “ ALLEN MS.” Ripew. Bull. fssex inst. )V.. Dec. 1873, 197. Leucosticte australis Rrpcw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. 2d ser. No. 2, May 11, 1875, 79. BC Reena an Geoc. Dist.— Mountains of Colorado, breeding above timber-line, descending into the valleys in winter; New Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 217 Genus ACANTHIS BeEcustTein. Acanthis Becust. Orn. Tasch. Deutschl. 1803, 125. Type, Fringilla linaria LINN. 527. Acanthis hornemannii (Ho s.). Greenland Redpoll. Linota hornemannit HOLBGOLL, Naturh. Tidskr. IV. 1843, 398. Acanthis hornemannit SvEjN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 152. [B 321, C—, R 178, C 209.] Geroc. Dist.— Greenland and eastern Arctic America. 527 a. Acanthis hornemannii exilipes (Covss). Hoary Redpoll. tigiothus exilipes COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 385. Acanthis hornemannit exilipes STEJN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 152. [B—, C 1464, R 178a, C 210.] Groc. Dist.— Arctic America and northeastern Asia, south in winter (rarely?) to the northern border of the United States. 528. Acanthis linaria (Linw.). Redpoll. fringilla linaria LINN. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 182. Acanthis linaria Bonap. & SCHLEG. Mon. Lox. 1850, 48. [Big2i0, C r46, 1462; Ri 279, C.207.| Geoc. Dist.— Northern portions of northern hemisphere, south irregularly in winter, in North America, to the middle United States (Virginia, Kansas, southeastern Oregon). 528 a. Acanthis linaria holbcellii (BReum). Holboll’s Redpoll. Linaria holbellii BREHM. Handb. Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 280. Acanthis linaria B. holbellii DuBois, Consp. Av. Europ. 1871, 18. [B—, C—, R 1792, part, C 208, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern portions of northern hemisphere, near the seacoast, south in winter to northern New York and Massachusetts. 218 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 5284. Acanthis linaria rostrata (Cougs). Greater Redpoll. Atgiothus rostratus Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 378. Acanthis linaria rostrata StryN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 153. [B—, C—, R 1792, part, C 208, part. ] Geroc. Dist.— Greenland and northeastern North America, south irregularly in winter to New England, New York, and northern Illinois. Genus SPINUS Kocu. Spinus Kocu, Bayr. Zool. 1816, 233. Type, Fringilla spinus LINN. 529. Spinus tristis (Liny.). American Goldfinch. Fringilla tristis Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 181. Spinus tristis STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. [Bi gr3\C gag, R 18a, C2s3y) Geroc. Dist.— Temperate North America generally, from southern Labrador, Manitoba and British Columbia south, in winter, to the northern boundary of Lower California ; breeding southward to the middle districts of the United States (Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas, and California), and wintering mainly within the United States. 529 a. Spinus tristis pallidus Mearns. Western Goldfinch. Spinus tristis pallidus MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890, 244. [B 313, part, C 149, part, R 181, part, C 213, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Arizona. 530. Spinus psaltria (Say). Arkansas Goldfinch. Fringilla psaltria Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, 40. Spinus psaltria STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. ORDER PASSERES. 219 [B 314, C 152, R182, C 215,] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, and from southern Oregon, Colorado, and Utah southward to Cape St. Lucas and Sonora. 530 a. Spinus psaltria arizonze (CovEs). Arizona Goldfinch. Chrysomitris mexicana var. arizone COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 82. Spinus psaltria arizone St¥JN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. [B—, C 1512, R 182a, C 216.] Groc. Dist.— Southern California, southwestern Utah, southern New Mexico and Arizona, southward into northern Mexico. 530 6. Spinus psaltria mexicanus (Swalns.). Mexican Goldfinch. Carduelis mexicanus Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435. Spinus psaltria mexicanus STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. [B 315, C 1594, R 1824, C 217.| Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south- ward through Mexico. 531. Spinus lawrencei (Cass.). Lawrence’s Goldfinch. Carduelis lawrencei Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1851, 105, pl. v. Spinus lawrencei StEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 262° [B 316, C 150, R 183, C 214.] Groc. Dist.— California west of the Sierra Nevada, from Lat. 40° south to northern Lower California; Arizona (Fort Mohave and Fort Whipple) in winter. [532.] Spinus notatus (DuBus). Black-headed Goldfinch. Carduelis notata DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. XIV. pt. 2, 1847, 106. Spinus notatus StEyN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. 220 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 310, C—, R 184, C 218.] Groc. Dist.— Mountains of Guatemala and southern Mexico, north at least to central Vera Cruz; accidental in Kentucky (AUDUBON). 533. Spinus pinus (WILs.). Pine Siskin. fringilla pinus Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 133, pl. 17, fig. 1. Spinus pinus STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362. [Bigr7 C148) Ross CO 272.) Geoc. Dist.— North America generally, breeding in the British Provinces, Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and high mountains of Arizona, south to Lower California and the mountains of Mexico to Orizaba. Also breeds sparingly in northeastern United States. Genus PLECTROPHENAX SreEjNEGER. Plectrophenax STEN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 33. Type, Emberiza nivalis LINN. 534. Plectrophenax nivalis (Linvn.). Snowflake. LEmberiza nivalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 176. Plectrophenax nivalis STEJN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 33. [Bg25, Corse, (Re t86,.C e194] Geroc. Dist.— Northern parts of the northern hemisphere, breed- ing in the arctic regions; in North America south in winter into the northern United States, irregularly to Georgia, southern Illinois, Kansas, and Oregon. 534 a. Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi Ripncw. Pribilof Snowflake. Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 403. ORDER PASSERES. 221 [B—, C—, R 186, part, C 219, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Pribilof and Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and Com- mander Islands, Kamchatka. 535. Plectrophenax hyperboreus Ripcw. McKay’s Snowflake. Plectrophenax hyperboreus Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.” VII. June 11, 1884, 68. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Western Alaska, breeding on Hall Island (and propably St. Matthew Island), Bering Sea. Genus CALCARIUS BeEcustTEIN. Calcarius Brecust. Taschb. Vég. Deutschl. 1803, 130. Type, tringilla lapponica LINN. 536. Calcarius lapponicus (LInv.). Lapland Longspur. Fringilla lapponica LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 180. Calcarius lapponicus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 33: [B 326)\C rea 187.) Cie ae.] Groc. Dist.— Northern portions of the northern hemisphere, breeding far north; in North America south in winter to the northern United States, irregularly to the Middle States, accident- ally to South Carolina, and abundantly in the interior to Kansas and Colorado. 537. Calearius pictus (SwaIns.). Smith’s Longspur. Eimberiza (Plectrophanes) pitta Swatns. in Sw. and Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 250, pl. 49. Calcarius pictus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 33. (Baez Cinga, Rines).C 227.] Geroc. Dist.— Interior of North America, from the Arctic coast to Illinois and Texas, breeding far north. 222 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 538. Calearius ornatus (Towns.). Chestnut-collared Longspur. Pilectrophanes ornatus Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. TOF 7, LOO Calcarius ornatus STEJN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, Vvas* i [Bi328,'320) Cres, Rirse, Cieee.) Groc. Dist.— Interior of North America, from the Saskatchewan Plains south through Texas to Orizaba. Breeds from eastern Mani- toba, western Minnesota and eastern Nebraska westward and north- westward into Montana and Assiniboia. Rare west of the Rocky Mountains. Accidental in Massachusetts. GrENuS RH YNCHOPHANES Barrp. Rhynchophanes Batrv, B. N. Am. 1858, 432 (in text). Type, Plectrophanes mecownit LAWR. 539. Rhynchophanes mccownii (Lawr.). MecCown’s Longspur. Plectrophanes mcecowni LAawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. V. 1851, 122. Rhynchophanes maccownit Ripew. Field & Forest, II. May, 1877, 197. | B33 0,/C.156; Rirga, © 2233] Groc. Dist.— Interior of North America, from the Sackatchewan Plains south to Texas and northern Mexico; breeds from about the northern border of western Kansas northward throughout Nebraska, western North and South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana to the Plains of the Saskatchewan. Genus POOCASTES Barrp. Poocetes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 447. Type, Fringila graminea GMEL. 540. Poocztes gramineus (GMEL.). Vesper Sparrow. Fringilla graminea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 992. Poocetes gramineus Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 447. ORDER PASSERES. 223 (3339, fe7t) C abr, Rito 7 C232] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, from Nova Scotia and Ontario southward; breeds from Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri northward. 540 a. Pooczetes gramineus confinis Bairp. Western Vesper Sparrow. Poocetes gramineus var. confinis Barrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 448 (in text). [Bi337) part, C v61d, Ri 1974,;C .232.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, north into Manitoba and Assiniboia, south into Lower Cali- fornia and through Mexico as far as Jalapa, Vera Cruz. 5404. Pooceetes gramineus affinis MILLER. Oregon Vesper Sparrow. Poocetes gramineus affinis MILLER, Auk, V. Oct. 1888, 404. [B 337, part, C 1614, part, R 1974, part, C 232, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Northern California and western Oregon. Genus AMMODRAMUS Swainson. Ammodramus Swatins. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 348. Type, Fringilla caudacuta WILSON. SuBGENUS PASSERCULUS Bonaparte. Passerculus Bonap. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. Type, fringilla savanna WILLS. 541. Ammodramus princeps (Mavyv.). Ipswich Sparrow. Lasserculus princeps Mayn. Am. Nat. VI. 1872, 637. Ammodramus princeps Rrpcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- 224 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B—, C 158, R 192, C 225. ] Geoc. Dist.— Atlantic coast, from Nova Scotia south, in winter, to Georgia. Breeds on Sable Island, Nova Scotia. 542. Ammodramus sandwichensis (GMEL.). Sandwich Sparrow. Emberiza sandwichensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 875. Ammodramus sandwichensis Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- PB 33gC a6ok. a) TOZ ko 26a) Geroc. Dist.— Northwest coast, from the Columbia River to Unalaska. 542a. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna (WILS.). Savanna Sparrow. fringilla savanna Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 55, pl. 22, fig. 2. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [iB 232..Circo, R193) C227. Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, breeding from the northern United States to Labrador and Hudson Bay Territory. 5426. Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (Bonap.). Western Savanna Sparrow. Passerculus alaudinus Bonar. Compt. Rend. XX XVII. 1853, 918. Ammodramus sandwichensts alaudinus Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B 335, C—, R 1934, C 229.] Geroc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Plains to the Pacific coast region, north to the Arctic coast. 542c. Ammodramus sandwichensis bryanti Ripcw. Bryant’s Marsh Sparrow. Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti Rrpcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VEIL. Jani ro) ress, 517. Ammodramus sandwichensis bryanti Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. WITT 333559354. ORDER PASSERES. 225 [B 334, part, C 1592, part, R 194, part, C 228, part.| Groce. Dist.— Salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, and south along the coast in winter to southern California. 543. Ammodramus beldingi Rincw. Belding’s Marsh Sparrow. Passerculus beldingi Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Jan. 19, 1885, 516. Ammodramus beldingt Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 188s, 354: [B 334, part, C 159a, part, R 194, part, C 228, part. | Geoc. Dist.— Salt marshes of the Pacific coast, from Santa Bar- bara south to Todos Santos Island, Lower California. 544. Ammodramus rostratus Cass. Large-billed Sparrow. E'mberiza rostrata Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, 348. Ammodramus rostratus Cass. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc. 1855, 226, pl. 38. [B 336, C 160, R 196, C 230.] Groc. Dist.— Coast of southern California, south in winter to Cape St. Lucas and northwestern Mexico. 544 a, AMmodramus rostratus guttatus (Lawr.). St. Lucas Sparrow. Passerculus guttatus Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. VIII. 1867, 473. Ammodramus rostratus guttatus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B—5 C 160¢) Ri195, 'C 231.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Lower California. SuBGENUS CENTRONYX Bairp. Centronyx Batrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 440. Type, Emberiza bairdi AuD. 15 226 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 545. Ammodramus bairdii (Aup.). Baird’s Sparrow. Emberiza bairdit Aup. B. Am. VII. 1843, 359, pl. 500. Ammodramus bairdi GiEBEL, Thes. Orn. I. 1872, 328. (B331,'C wey iremer. veo os, iC is2a] Groc. Dist.— Interior of North America, from the plains of the Red River and Saskatchewan south to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua. SuBGENUS COTURNICULUS Bonaparte. Coturniculus Bonap. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 32. Type, Fringilla passerina WILS. 546. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus (WILS.). Grasshopper Sparrow. Fringilla passerina Wiis. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 76, pl. 26, fig. 5. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1385,'355- [B 338, part, C 162, R 198, C 234.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to the Plains, south, in winter, to Florida, Cuba, Porto Rico, and coast of Central America. 546 a. Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus (Cougs). Western Grasshopper Sparrow. Coturniculus passerinus vax. perpallidus “ Ripcw. MS.” Cougs, Key,1872,\ 137. Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. [B 338, part, C 162a, R 1982, C 235.] Groc. Dist.—Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific coast, south to Cape St. Lucas and the tablelands of Mexico. 547. Ammodramus henslowii (Aup.). Henslow’s Sparrow. Emberiza henslowit Aup. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 360, pl. 77. Ammodromus henslowi Gray, Gen. B. II. June, 1849, 374. ORDER PASSERES. 227 [B 339, part, C 163, part, R 199, part, C 236, part.| Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to southern New England and Ontario. 547 a2. Ammodramus henslowii occidentalis Brewst. Western Henslow’s Sparrow. Ammodramus henslowit occidentalis Brewst. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 145. [B 339, part, C 163, part, R 199, part, C 236, part.| Gros. Dist.— South Dakota. 548. Ammodramus leconteii (Aup.). Leconte’s Sparrow. Emberiza lecontett Au. B. Am. VII. 1843, 338, pl. 488. Ammodromus leconteii Gray, Gen. B. II. June, 1849, 374. [B 340, C 164, R 200, C pe Groc. Dist.— From the Plains eastward to Illinois and Indiana, and from Manitoba south in winter to South Carolina, Florida, and Texas. SUBGENUS AMMODRAMUS. Ammodramus Swains. Zool. Jour. III. 1827, 348. Type, Oriolus caudacutus GMEL. 549. Ammodramus caudacutus (GMEL.). Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Oriolus caudacutus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 394. Ammodramus caudacuta Swatns. Classif. B. II. 1837, 289. [B 341, C 166, R 201, C 240.] Geoc. Dist.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, from southern New England to Maryland, and south in winter to the Gulf coast. 5492. Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni ALLEN. Nelson’s Sparrow. Ammodromus caudacutus var. nelsoni ALLEN, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XVII. March, 1875, 293. 228 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B—, C —, R 2o1a, C 241.] Gegoc. Dist.— Fresh marshes of the interior, from northern Illinois northward to North Dakota and Manitoba; south in winter to Texas; in migrations visits the Atlantic coast (New England and Lower Hudson Valley to Charleston, S. C.). Accidental in California. 549d. Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus Dwicurt. Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus Dwicnt, Auk, IV. July, 1837, 232: [B—, C—,R 201, part, C 240, part.] Geoc. Dist.— Coast of southern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island (and probably Nova Scotia), and southward in migration to South Carolina. 550. Ammodramus maritimus (WILS.). Seaside Sparrow. Fringilla maritima Wiis. Am. Orn. VII. 1811, 68, pl. 24, fig. 2. Ammodramus maritimus Swains. Classif. B. II. 1837, 289. (Bi 342, C165, R 202, .C238.] Geoc. Dist.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, from Connecti- cut southward to Georgia. Accidental in Massachusetts. 550 a. Ammodramus maritimus peninsulz ALLEN. Scott’s Seaside Sparrow. Ammodramus maritimus peninsule ALLEN, Auk, V. July, 1888, 284. [B 342, part, C 165, part, R 202, part, C 238, part.] Geroc. Dist.— South Carolina to northern Florida; Gulf coast from Florida to Texas. 5502. Ammodramus maritimus sennetti ALLEN. Texas Seaside Sparrow. Ammodramus maritimus sennetti ALLEN, Auk, V. July, 1888, 286. [B—, C—, R202, part, C 238, part.] Geoc. Dist.— Coast of ‘Texas (Corpus Christi). ORDER PASSERES. 229 551. Ammodramus nigrescens Ripew. Dusky Seaside Sparrow. Ammodromus maritimus var. nigrescens RipGWw. Bull. Essex Inst. WV... Dec: 1873, 108- Ammodramus nigrescens Rrpew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 178. [B—, C 1654, R 203, C 239.] Geoc. Dist.— Salt Lake and Merritt Island, eastern Florida. Genus CHONDESTES Swainson. Chondestes Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435. Type, C. strivatus SWAINS. 552. Chondestes grammacus (Say). Lark Sparrow. Fringilla grammaca Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, 139. Chondestes grammaca BonaP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 32. [B 344, part, C 186, part, R 204, C 281, part. Geroc. Dist.— Southern Ontario and Mississippi Valley region, from Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan to the Plains, south to eastern Texas and northwestern Alabama. Accidental near the Atlantic coast (Massachusetts, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington, D. C., Florida). 552 a. Chondestes grammacus strigatus (Swains.). Western Lark Sparrow. Chondestes strigatus Swains. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435. Chondestes grammaca strigata Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 179. [B 344, part, C 186, part, R 204a, C 281, fart.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia and Manitoba, south through Lower California and Mexico to Guatemala. 230 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus ZBONOTRICHIA Swainson. Zonotrichia Swatns. in Sw. & Ricw. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 493. Type, by elimination, Emberiza leucophrys Forst. 553. Zonotrichia querula (Nu1Tt.). Harris’s Sparrow. Fringilla querula Nutt. Man. I. 2d ed. 1840, 555. Zonotrichia guerula GaMB. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2d ser. I. 1847, 51. [B 348, C 185, R 205, C 280.] Geroc. Dist.— Middle United States, from Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa west to middle Kansas and the Dakotas, and from Texas north to Manitoba. Accidental on Vancouver Island and in British Columbia and Oregon. 554. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). White-crowned Sparrow. Emberiza leucophrys Forst. Philos. Trans. LXII. 1772, 426. Z{onotrichia| leucophrys Swarns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna. Bor. Am. II. 1831, 493. [B 345, C 183, R 206, C 276.] Groc. Dist.— North America at large, breeding chiefly in the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada and northeast to Labrador. South in winter to the Valley of Mexico. 554a,. Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia Rivcw. Intermediate Sparrow. Zonotrichia leucophrys var. intermedia Ripcw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec. 1873, 198. [B 346, part, C 1836, R 2074, C 277.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Rocky Moun- tains to the Pacific, and from Lower California and Mazatlan, Mex- ico, to Alaska. Breeds, so far as known, mainly north of the United States. ORDER PASSERES. 231 55446. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (NuvtT.). Gambel’s Sparrow. Fringilla gambelii Nutr. Man. I. 2d ed. 1840, 556. Zonotrichia leucophrys var. gambeli Cours, Key, 1872, 145. [B 346, part, C 183a, R 207, C 278.] Gro. Disr.— Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south- ward into Lower California. 557. Zonotrichia coronata (PALt.). Golden-crowned Sparrow. Emberiza coronata Pau. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 44. Zonotrichia coronata Batrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 461. [B 347, C 184, R 208, C 279.] Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from Alaska to southern Cali- fornia. Casually to Guadalupe Island, and in Wisconsin. 558. Zonotrichia albicollis (GMEL.). White-throated Sparrow. Fringilla albicollis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 926. Zonotrichia albicollis Swatns. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288. {B 349, C182, R 20g, Cray'ss] Groc. Dist.— Chiefly eastern North America, west to the Plains, north to Labrador and the Fur Countries. Breeds from Montana, northern Wyoming, northern Michigan, northern New York, and northern New England northward, and winters from Massachusetts southward. Accidental in Utah, California and Oregon. Genus SPIZHLLA Bonaparre. Spizella Bonar. Saggio Distr. Met. 1832, 140. Type, Hrinmgilla pusilla WILS. 559. Spizella monticola (GMEL.). Tree Sparrow. Fringilla monticolz GMEL, S. N. I. ii. 1788, 912. Spizella monticola Baird, B. N. Am, 1858, 472. 232 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 357, part, C 177, part, R 210, part, C 268, part] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and from the Arctic Ocean south, in winter, to the Carolinas, Kentucky, and eastern Kansas. Breeds north of the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains. 559a. Spizella monticola ochracea Brewst. Western Tree Sparrow. Spizella monticola ochracea BREwsT. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Oct. 1882, 228. [B 357, part, C 177, part, R 210, part, C 268, part.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America, east to the Dakotas and western Kansas, south in winter to New Mexico and Arizona, north to the arctic regions ; breeds in Alaska. 560. Spizella socialis (WILs.). Chipping Sparrow. Fringilla socialis Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 127, pl. 16, fig. 5. Spizella sociulis Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. [Bi 350, )pard, C178, \Ri2us, C269.) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun- tains, north to Great Slave Lake, and south to eastern Mexico, breeding from the Gulf States northward. 560 a. Spizella socialis arizonze Cougs. Western Chipping Sparrow. Spizella socialis var. artizone COUES, Key, 1872, 143. [B 359, part, C 1782, R 2114, C 270.] Geoc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, south in winter to central and western Mexico and Cape St. Lucas. 561. Spizella pallida (Swains.). Clay-colored Sparrow. Emberiza pallida Swans. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 251. Spisella pallida Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. ORDER PASSERES. 233 [B:360,\C 180} Ri an2,'Cl\27a,| Geoc. Dist.— Interior of North America, from Illinois and Iowa west to the Rocky Mountains, Arizona, and Cape St. Lucas, and from Guanajuato and Oaxaca north to the Saskatchewan Plains. Breeds from Iowa and Nebraska northward. 562. Spizella breweri Cass. Brewer’s Sparrow. Spizella brewert Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Feb. 1856, 40. [Bi 362, C1804, R213, Ci273.] Geoc. Dist.— Western United States, north to Montana and Brit- ish Columbia, south to Cape St. Lucas and Durango. kreeds throughout its United States range. Accidental in Massachusetts. 563. Spizella pusilla (WIzs.). Field Sparrow. Fringilla pusilla Wiis. Am, Orn. II. 1810, 121, pl. 16, fig. 2. Spisella pusilla Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. [B358.-€ 179, Rata Cranes] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to the Plains, south to the Gulf States and Texas. Breeds from South Carolina, southern Illinois and Kansas northward. 563 a. Spizella pusilla arenacea Cuaps. Western Field Sparrow. Spizella pusilla arenacea CHavDB. Auk, III. April, 1886, 248. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Great Plains, from Texas to Montana and Dakota. Casual at New Orleans, La. 564. Spizella wortheni Rinew. Worthen’s Sparrow. Spizella worthent Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Aug. 22, 1884, 259. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groce. Dist.— New Mexico (Silver City), and Chalchicomula, Puebla. 234 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 565. Spizella atrigularis (Caz.). Black-chinned Sparrow. Spinites atrigularis Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1851, 133. Spizella atrigularis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 476. PB g020, C765, Rope Ciara) Groc. Dist.— Southern California (north in the deserts to lat. 37°), Arizona, and southern New Mexico, south to Cape St. Lucas and on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla. Genus JUNCO Wac LER. Junco \NAGLER, Isis, 1831, 526. Type, /. pha@onotus WaGL, = Fringilla cinerea SWAINS. 566. Junco aikeni Ripew. White-winged Junco. Junco hyemalis var. atkeni RipGw. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 612, 614. Junco aikent Ripew. Field & Forest, May, 1877, 198. [B—, C 174a, R 216, C 262.] Geroc. Dist.— Colorado, north to the Black Hills, where it breeds. 567. Junco hyemalis (LInv.). Slate-colored Junco. Fringilla hyemalis L1Inn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 183. Sunco hyemalis Scu. P. Z. 8. 1857, 7. iB354) © 17a. euler Groc. Dist.— North America, chiefly east of the Rocky Moun- tains, breeding from the higher parts of the Alleghanies, the Cats- kills, and the mountainous parts of southern New England north- ward. South in winter to the Gulf States. Casual in California and Arizona. 567 a. Junco hyemalis oregonus (Towns.). Oregon Junco. Fringilla oregana [err. typ.| Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Vibes, reo: Junco hyemalis var. oregonus Ripcw. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 612. ORDER PASSERES. 235 [Biz52,C 175, R 218,'C 2630) Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast, from Oregon north to Alaska, south in winter into California and Arizona. 567 6. Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coace. Shufeldt’s Junco. Junco hyemalis shufeldti CoaLe, Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 330. [B 352, part, C 175, part, R 218, part, C 263, part. | Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, west in the mountains of the Great Basin to California; in winter south to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico. Accidental in Michigan, Illi- nois, Massachusetts, Maryland, etc. 567 c. Junco hyemalis thurberi ANTHONY. Thurber’s Junco. Junco hyemalis thurberi ANTHONY, Zoe, I. Oct. 1890, 238. [B 352, part, C 175, part, R 218, pari, C 263, part. | Geroc. Dist.— Sierra Nevada, and deserts and southern coast ranges of California. 567 d. Junco hyemalis pinosus Loomis. Point Pinos Junco. Junco pinosus Loomis, Auk, X. April, 1893, 47- [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Vicinity of Monterey, California. 567 ec. Junco hyemalis carolinensis BrRewst. Carolina Junco. Junco hyemalis carolinensis Brewst. Auk, III. Jan. 1886, 108. [B 354, part, C 174, part, R 217, part, C 261, fart.) Groc. Dist.— Southern Alleghanies (Western North Carolina, €tC.). 568. Junco annectens Bairp. Pink-sided Junco. Junco annectens Baird, Orn. Cal. I. 1870, 564. 236 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [EC Beare; C264) Geroc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, from Idaho and Montana south, in winter, to Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico. 568.1. Junco ridgwayi Mearns. Ridgway’s Junco. Junco ridgwayi MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890, 243. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. 569. Junco caniceps (Woopk#.). Gray-headed Junco. Struthus caniceps Woon. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Dec. 1852, 202. Junco caniceps BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 468. WB 35 3,6 076; (ie20) (Coan. Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, from the Black Hills to the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, south to New Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 570. Junco phzeonotus palliatus Ripew. Arizona Junco. Junco cinereus palliatus RipGw. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 364. JSunco phaonotus palliatus RipGw. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, 391. [B 350, part, C —, R 222, part, C 267, part.] Groc. Dist.— Mountains of southern Arizona, and southward into northern Mexico. 570 a. Junco phzonotus dorsalis (Henry). Red-backed Junco. Junco dorsalis HENRY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117. Junco pheonotus dorsalis RipGw. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, 391. [B 351, C—, R 221, C 266.] Groc. Dist.— Mountains of New Mexico and eastern Arizona, south into northern Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 237 571. Junco bairdi BeELDING. Baird’s Junco. Junco bairdi BELDING, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI. Oct. 5, 1833, 155. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Lower California. 571.1. Junco townsendi ANTHONY. Townsend’s Junco. Junco townsendi ANTHONY, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d. ser. II. Oct. rr, 1889, 76. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. 572. Junco insularis Ripcw. Guadalupe Junco. Junco insularis Ripew. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. I. No. 2, April 1, 1876, 188. [B—, C—, R 223, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Genus AMPHISPIZA Cougs. Amphispiza Cours, B. Northwest, 1875, 234. Type, Amberiza bilineata Cass. 573. Amphispiza bilineata (Cass.). Black-throated Sparrow. Emberiza bilineata Cassin, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1850, 104, pl. 3. Amphispiza bilineata Cours, B. Northwest, 1875, 234- PBig5 5, 6.572) R)224,.C 258. Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from western Texas and Oklahoma west to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, north throughout the Great Basin, and south in Mexico to Cape St. Lucas and San Luis Potosi. Breeds throughout its range. 238 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 574. Amphispiza belli (Cass.). Bell’s Sparrow. Emberiza belli Cassin, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1850, 104, pl. 4. Amphispiza bellit Cours, B. Northwest, 1875, 234. [B 356, C 173, R 225, C 259.] Geroc. Dist.— California west of the Sierra Nevada, north to about Lat. 38°, south to Lower California. Breeds throughout most of its range. 574a. Amphispiza belli nevadensis (Ripew.). Sage Sparrow. Poospiza belli var. nevadensis RrpGw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov. FO73, 19%. Amphispiza bellii var. nevadensis COUES, B. Northwest, 1875, 234. [B—, C 1734, R 2254, C 260.] Geoc. Dist.— Great Basin, from Oregon and Idaho south to southern Arizona and New Mexico, breeding throughout its range. 57446. Amphispiza belli cinerea TownseEnp. Gray Sage Sparrow. Amphispiza belli cinerea TOWNSEND, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. XIII. 1890, 136. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California. Genus PEUCZEA AvuDUBON. Peucea Auv. Synop. 1839,112. Type, /ringilla bachmanit Auv. 575. Peuceea estivalis (LIcHT.). Pine-woods Sparrow. Fringilla estivalis Licut. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 25. Peucea estivalis Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 132. [B 370, part, C 170, part, R 226, C 251.] Groc. Dist.— Florida and southern Georgia, migrating to southern Florida in winter. ORDER PASSERES. 239 575a. Peuceea estivalis bachmanii (Aup.). Bachman’s Sparrow. Fringilla bachmanit Auv. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 366, pl. 165. Peucea estivalis bachmani Brewst. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 106. [B 370, part, C 170, part, R 2264, C 252.] Geoc. Dist.— North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama, west to Texas, and north to southern Illinois and southern Indiana. Florida in winter. 576. Peucza arizonz Ripcw. Arizona Sparrow. Peucea estivalis var. arizone Ripcw. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 615. Peucea arizone Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. I. Aug. 15, 1878, 129: [B—, C 1704, R 227, C 253.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and Sonora. 577. Peuczea mexicana (Lawr.). Mexican Sparrow. Coturniculus mextcanus LAwr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. VIII. May, 1867, 474. (Mts. of Colima.) Peucea mexicana Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. No. 7, May 23, 1885, 99. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas south into central and western Mexico. 578. Peuczea cassini (Woopk.). Cassin’s Sparrow. Zonotrichia cassini Woovu. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1852, 60. Peucea cassint Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 485. [B 371, C 170 d%s, R 228, C 254.] Geroc. Dist.— Central and western Kansas, southward and west- ward through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and southern Nevada. 240 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 579. Peuccea carpalis Cougs. Rufous-winged Sparrow. Peucea carpalis Cours, Am. Nat. VII. June, 1873, 322. [B—,C 171 bis, R 229, C 257.] Geroc. Dist.— Arizona and Sonora. 580. Peuczea ruficeps (Cass.). Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Ammodromus ruficeps Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1852, 184. Peucea ruficeps BARD, B. N. Am. 1858, 486. [B 37?) C 171, R 23° C 255-] Groc. Dist.— Coast of California, from Lat. 40° south to Cape St. Lucas. 580 a. Peuczea ruficeps boucardi (ScL.). Boucard’s Sparrow. Zonotrichia boucardi SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1867, 1, pl. i. Peucea ruficeps boucardi Ripcw. Hist. N. Am. B. II. 1874, 38. [B—, C—, R 2302, C 256.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern New Mexico and southern Arizona, south into Mexico to Puebla. 580 4. Peuczea ruficeps eremceca Brown. Rock Sparrow. Peucea ruficeps eremeca BRown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. VII. Jan. 1882, 26. [Bee Re eae Groc. Dist.— Southwestern Texas, south in eastern Mexico to Orizaba. Genus MELOSPIZA Barrp. Melospiza BatrD, B. N. Am. 1858, 478. Type, /ringilla melodia Wis. = &. fasciata GMEL. ORDER PASSERES. 241 581. Melospiza fasciata (GMEL.). Song Sparrow. Fringilla fasciata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 922. Melospiza fasciata Scott, Am. Nat. X. 1876, 18. [B'362, ©) 169, R23) Caza Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding from Virginia and the southern portion of the Lake States northward to. the Fur Countries. 581a. Melospiza fasciata fallax (Bairp). Desert Song Sparrow. Zonotrichia fallax BairvD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 119 (nec Melospiza fallax auctorum plurimorum !). Melospiza fasciata fallax HeEnsu. Auk, I. July, 1884, 224. [B 367, C 1694, part, R 2314, part, C 245, part.] Geoc. Dist.— Parts of New Mexico, Arizona, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah. 581 4. Melospiza fasciata montana HENsuH. Mountain Song Sparrow. Melospiza fasciata montana HENSHAW, Auk, I. July, 1884, 224. [B—, C 1692, part, R 2314, part, C 245, part.| Geroc. Dist.— Northern Mexico, mountains of New Mexico, Colo- rado, Utah, Nevada, and northward. 581¢. Melospiza fasciata heermanni (Bairp). Heerman’s Song Sparrow. Melospiza heermanni BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 478. Melospiza fasciata §. heermanni Rrpew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. III. April, 1878, 66. [B 364, C 169d, R 2314, C 248.] Gros. Dist.— California, east into western Nevada. 581d. Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Bairp). Samuels’s Song Sparrow. Ammodromus samuelis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 455. Melospiza fasciata samuelis RipGw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Mar. 1880, 3. 16 242 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 343, 365, C 169¢, R 2314, C 249.] Groc. Dist.— Coast region of California. 581¢. Melospiza fasciata guttata (NuTT.). Rusty Song Sparrow. Fringilla guttata NUTTALL, Man. Orn. I. ed. 2, 1840, 581. Melospiza fasciata B. guttata Ripew. Bull. Nutt. Orn, Cl. ITI- April, 1878, 66. : [B—, C 169d, R 231d, C 246.] Geoc. Dist.— Coast region of Washington and Oregon, south in winter to San Francisco, California. 581f Melospiza fasciata rufina (Bonap.). Sooty Song Sparrow. Passerella rufina Bonar. Consp. Av. I. July 15, 1850, 477. Melospiza fasciata rufina Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Mar. 1880, 3. [B 366, 'C 169%, Ri 2314, C247.) Geroc. Dist.— Coast region of British Columbia, north to Sitka. 581 ¢. Melospiza fasciata rivularis BRYANT. Brown’s Song Sparrow. Melospiza fasciata rivularis Bryant, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d ser. I. Sept. 29, 1888, 197. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California, from Comondu northward. 5814. Melospiza fasciata graminea TowNnsEND. Santa Barbara Song Sparrow. Melospiza fasciata graminea TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. XIII. 1890, 139. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] . Groc. Dist.— Santa Barbara Island, and, in winter, adjacent mainland of California. ORDER PASSERES. 243 5817. Melospiza fasciata clementze TownseEnp. San Clemente Song Sparrow. Melospiza fasciata clemente TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. XIII. 1890, 139. So AES A | Geroc. Dist.— San Clemente and Santa Rosa Islands, California. 581.1. Melospiza insignis Barrp. Bischoffs Song Sparrow. Melospiza insignis Barrp, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci. I. 1869, 359) pl xxx, fig. 2. [B—, C 1697, R 232, part, C 250, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Kadiak Island, Alaska. 582. Melospiza cinerea (GMEL.). Aleutian Song Sparrow. Fringilla cinerea GMEL. S.N. I. 11. 1788, 922. Melospiza cinerea FiNscH, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, IIT. 1872, 20. [B—, C 169/, R 232, C 250. ] Groce. Dist. — Aleutian and Pribilof Islands (except Kadiak Island), and east to Fort Kenai, Alaska. 583. Melospiza lincolnii (Aup.). Lincoln’s Sparrow. fringilla lincoinit Aup. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 539, pl. 193. Melospiza lincotnt BairvD, B. N. Am. 1858, 482. [B 368, C 167, R 234, C 242.] Groc. Dist.— North America at large, breeding chiefly north of the United States (as far north as Fort Yukon) and in the higher parts of the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada; south, in winter, to Panama. 583 a. Melospiza lincolnii striata Brewst. Forbush’s Sparrow. Melospiza lincolni striata BREwstT. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 89. 244 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 368, part, C 167, part, R 234, part, C 242, part.) Geoc. Dist.— British Columbia. 584. Melospiza georgiana (LarTu.). Swamp Sparrow. Fringilla georgiana LATH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 460. Melospiza georgiana Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355. ['B.369, C168, Rl 234) Ciena Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, accidentally to Utah, north to the British Provinces, including Newfoundland and Labrador. Breeds from the Northern States northward, and winters from Massachusetts southward to the Gulf States. Genus PASSERELLA Swainson. Passerella Swains. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288. Type, Aringilla tliaca MERR. 585. Passerella iliaca (MeErR.). Fox Sparrow. fringilla tliaca MERREM, “ Beitr. zur besond. Gesch. der Végel, II. 1786-87, 40, pl. x.” FPasserella iliaca Swatns. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288. [B37 4) C88) "R) 235, )C 282n) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Plains and Alaska (valley of the Yukon to the Pacific), and from the Arctic coast south to the Gulf States. Breeds north of the United States; winters chiefly south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers. Accidental in winter in California. 585a. Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis (GMEL.). Townsend’s Sparrow. Emberiza unalaschcensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 875. Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Mar. 1880, 3. ORDER PASSERES. 245 [Bis7s)) C rag, Rk 2360, C283, Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from Kadiak south, in winter, to southern California, and casually to Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Breeds north of the United States. 585 6. Passerella iliaca megarhyncha (Bairp). Thick-billed Sparrow. Passerella megarhynchus BatrD, B. N. Am. 1858, 925. Passereila iliaca 8. megarhyncha BELDING, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. Mar. 1879, 418. [B 376a, C—, R 2350, C 285.] Geoc. Dist.— Sierra Nevada and Coast Range, California. 585¢. Passerella iliaca schistacea (Barrp). Slate-colored Sparrow. Passerella schistacea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 490. Passerella iliaca var. schistacea ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1872, 168. [B 376, C 1894, R 235¢, C 284.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States, east in winter, to the Plains (Kansas), west to Nevada and California. Genus EMBERNAGRA LEsson. LEmbernagra Luss. Traité, 1831, 465. Type, 2. dumetorum LEss. = Emberiza platensis GMEL. 586. Embernagyra rufivirgata Lawre. Texas Sparrow. Embernagra rujivirgata LAwr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. V. May, 1851, Li2, ple Gs Mie 2s [373.2005 236,,Ciann.] Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas and eastern Mexico; casually north to the coast of Louisiana. Genus PIPILO VIe1.tor. Pipilo ViEILL. Analyse, 1816, 32. Type, Fringilla erythroph- thalma LINN. 246 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 587. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linvy.). Towhee. Fringilla erythrophthalma Linn. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 180. Pipilo erythrophthalmus ViEitu. Gal. Ois. I. 1824, 109, pl. 80. LB 391; C 204,:R 237, .C gon.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to the Plains, breeding from the lower Mississippi Valley and Georgia northward ; in winter from the middle districts southward. 587 a. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni CouvEs. White-eyed Towhee. Pipilo erythrophthalmus var. allent Cours, Am. Nat. V. Aug. 1871, 366. [B—, C 204a, R 2374, C 302.] Gros. Dist.— Florida, and northward along the Atlantic coast to Charleston, South Carolina. 588. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (SwaIns.). Arctic Towhee. Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica Swans. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. TE1831,'260, pllsx,ig2. Pipilo maculatus var. arcticus COUES, Key, 1872, 152. [B 393, C 2052, R 238, C 304.] Groc. Dist.— Plains of the Platte, Upper Missouri, Yellowstone and Saskatchewan Rivers, west to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, south in winter to Kansas, Colorado, and Texas. 588 a. Pipilo maculatus megalony= (Barrb). Spurred Towhee. Pipilo megalonyx Bairv, B. N. Am. 1858, 515. Pipilo maculatus var. megalonyx COUES, Key, 1872, 152. [B 394, C 2054, R 238a, C 305.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States, west to the Sierra Nevada and southern California, south into northern Mexico and Lower California. ORDER PASSERES. 247 588 4. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (BELL). Oregon Towhee. Pipilo oregonus BELL, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. V. 1882, 6. Lipilo maculatus var. oregonus Cours, Key, 1872, 152. [B 392, C 205, R 2384, C 303.] Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south to San Francisco, and, in winter, to southern California. 589. Pipilo consobrinus Rivew. Guadalupe Towhee. Lipilo maculatus consobrinus Ripcw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April 1, 1876, 189. Pipilo consobrinus RrpGw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July, 1877, 60. [B—, C—, R 238¢, C—] Geroc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 590. Pipilo chlorurus (Towns.). Green-tailed Towhee. fringilla chlorura Towns. in Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 336. Pipilo chlorurus Batrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 519. [B 398, C 208, R 239, C 310.] Geoc. Dist.— Interior Plateau region of the United States, from the western border of the Plains to the Sierra Nevada, from central Idaho and Yellowstone National Park south to Cape St. Lucas, and on the tablelands of Mexico to Guanajuato. 591. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus (Barrp). Canon Towhee. Pipilo mesoleucus Bairp, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 119. Pipilo fuscus var. mesoleucus Ripcw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov. 1873, 183. [B 397, C 206, R 240, C 306.] Groc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from the val- Jey of the Upper Rio Grande west to the valley of the Gila, south into Sonora and Chihuahua. 248 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 591a. Pipilo fuscus albigula (Barrp). Saint Lucas Towhee. Pipilo albigula Bairp, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, Nov. 1859, 305 Pipilo fuscus var. albigula CovuEs, Key, 1872, 152. [B—, C 206a, R 2404, C 307.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California, north to Lat. 30°. 5914. Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Vic.). California Towhee. Fringilla crissalis Vic. Zool. Blos. 1839, 19. Pipilo fuscus var. crissalis Cours, Key, 1872, 153. [B 396, C 2064, R 240d, C 308.] Groc. Dist.—Pacific coast region west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, from the Umpqua Valley, Oregon, south to northern Lower California. 591¢. Pipilo fuscus senicula ANTHONY. Anthony’s Towhee. Pipilo fuscus senicula ANtuony, Auk, XII. April, 1895, 111. [B 396, part, C 206d, part, R 240d, part, C 308, part. Groc. Dist.— Southern California, and Lower California, south to Lat. 29°. 592. Pipilo aberti Barrp. Abert’s Towhee. Pipilo aberti BAtrD, STANSBURY’S Rep. Exped. Utah, 1852, 325. [B 395, C 207, R 241, C 309.] Geoc. Dist.— New Mexico and Arizona, north into southern Colo- rado, southwestern Utah, and southern Nevada. Genus CARDINALIS Bonaparte. Cardinalis Bonap. P. Z. S, 1837 (June, 1838), 111. Type, C. virginianus BONAR. = Loxia cardinalis LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 249 593. Cardinalis cardinalis (Lrinv.). Cardinal. Loxia cardinalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 172. Cardinalis cardinalis Licur. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 44. [B 399, C 203; R 242, C 299.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to the lower Hudson Valley and the Great Lakes, casually further north, and west to the Plains. Resident in Bermuda. 593a. Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Ripcew. Arizona Cardinal. Cardinalis cardinalis superbus Ripcw. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 344. [B—, C 2032, part, R 242a, part, C 300, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and western Mexico, south to Mazatlan. 593 4. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (Bairp). Saint Lucas Cardinal. Cardinalis igneus Baird, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 305. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus StEJN. Auk, I. 1884, 171. [B—, C 2034, part, R 2424, part, C 300, part. | Gro. Dist.— Lower California, north to Lat. 29°. 593 ¢. Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus Cuapm. Gray-tailed Cardinal. Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus Cuapm. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. III. Aug. 1891, 324. [B 390, part, C 203, part, R 242, part, C 299, part. | Geos. Dist.— Southwestern Texas, south into northeastern Mexico. GENUS PYRRHULOXIA Bonaparte. Pyrrhuloxia Bonar. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 500. Type, Cardinalis sinuatus BONAP. 250 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 594. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bonap. Texas Cardinal. Cardinalis sinuatus Bonap. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 111. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bonap. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 500. [B 389, C 202, R 243, C 298.] Geoc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from the val- ley of the Lower Rio Grande south to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, etc. North casually to the coast of Louisiana. 694a,. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami Rivew. Arizona Pyrrhuloxia. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami Ripew. Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 347. [B 389, part, C 202, part, R 243, part, C 298, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona to western Texas, and south into northwestern Mexico. 594 5. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulz Ripcw. Saint Lucas Pyrrhuloxia. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsule Ripcw. Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 347. [B 389, part, C 202, part, R 243, part, C 298, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California. Genus HABIA REICHENBACH. Habia Reicu. Syst. Av. June 1, 1850, pl. Ixxviii. Type, Gucraca melanocephala SWAINsS. 595. Habia ludoviciana (Linv.). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Loxia ludoviciana Linn. S.N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 306. Fabia ludoviciana STEN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 367. [B 380, C 193, R 244, C 289.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to Manitoba and the eastern border of the Plains, breeding from Kansas and the mountains of the Carolinas northward; south, in winter, to Cuba, Central America, and northern South America. ORDER PASSERES. 251 596. Habia melanocephala (Swains.). Black-headed Grosbeak. Guiraca melanocephala Swains. Philos. Mag. I. 1827, 438. Habia melanocephala STEN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 367. [B 381, C 194, R 245, C 290.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from middle Kansas to the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia and Montana, and south in Mexico to Oaxaca and the Cape region of Lower California. Genus GUIRACA Swainson. Guiraca Swans. Zool. Jour. III. Nov. 1827, 350. Type, Zoxia cerulea LINN. 597. Guiraca czerulea (LINN.). Blue Grosbeak. Loxia cerulea Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 175- Guiraca cerulea Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 438. [B 382, C 195, R 246, C 291.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, from southern New Jersey, southern Illinois and central Nebraska, south to Cuba and Mexico. Casual northward to New England. 597a. Guiraca czrulea eurhyncha CouvEs. Western Blue Grosbeak. Guiraca cerulea, var. eurhyncha Coves, Am. Nat. VIII. Sept. 1874, 563. [B 382, part, C 195, part, R 246, part, C 291, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from South Dakota, Colorado, southern Utah, southern Nevada and California to Lower California and southern Mexico. Genus PASSERINA VIEILLoT. Passerina ViEttu. Analyse, 1816, 30. Type, by elimination, Tanagra cyanea LINN. 252 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 598. Passerina cyanea (LINN.). Indigo Bunting. Tanagra cyanea LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 315. Passerina cyanea ViEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXV. 1817, 7. [B 387, C 190, Ki 248; C205] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to Kansas, north to New Brunswick, southern Ontario and Minnesota; south in winter to Central America. 599. Passerina amoena (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Emberiza amena Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, 47. Passerina amena Gray, Handl. II. 1870, 97. [B 386, C 200, R 249, C 296.] Greoc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, north to the dry interior of British Columbia and Idaho, south to the Valley of Mexico. 600. Passerina versicolor (Bonap.). Varied Bunting. Spiza versicolor Bona. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 120. Passerina versicolor Gray, Handl. II. 1870, 97. [B 38s, C 297, R250, C294.] Groc. Dist.— From the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas southward to Guatemala. Accidental in southern Michigan. 600 a. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ripew. Beautiful Bunting. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 448. [B 385, part, C 197, part, R 250, part, C 293, part. ] Geroc. Dist.— Lower California and northwestern Mexico. 601. Passerina ciris (Linv.). Painted Bunting. Emberiza ciris LINN. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 179. Passerina ciris VIEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXV. 1817, 17. ORDER PASSERES. 253 [B 384, C 196, R 251, C 292.] Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States to western Texas, north to North Carolina and southern Illinois, and south to Panama. Genus SPOROPHILA Casaunis. Sporophila Capanis, Arch. f. Naturg. X. i. 1844, 291. 602. Sporophila morelleti sharpei Lawr. Sharpe’s Seed-eater. Sporophila morelleti sharpet Lawr. Auk, VI. Jan. 1889, 53. [Br383;C 200, Ri2ca. iC i296.) Groc. Dist.— Southeastern Texas and adjacent parts of Mexico. GeNuS HUETHETA REeEIcHENBACH. Euetheta Reicu. Av. Syst. Nat. June 1, 1850, pl. xxix. Type, Lmberiza lepida LINN. [603.] Buetheia bicolor (Linv.). Grassquit. fringilla bicolor Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 324. Euetheia bicolor GUNDLACH, J. f. O. XXII. 1874, 312. [B—; Cizor,/R 263. 267.] Geroc. Dist.— West Indies. Accidental or casual in southern Florida. [603.1.] Euetheia canora (GmMEL.). Melodious Grassquit. Loxia canora GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 858. Luetheia canora BREWER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII. 1860, 397: (B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groce. Dist.— Cuba. Accidental in southern Florida (Sombrero Key). 254 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus SPIZA Bonaparte. Spiza Bonar. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. i. Aug. 1824, 45. Type, Emberiza americana GMEL. 604. Spiza americana (GMEL.). Dickcissel. Emberiza americana GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 872. Spiza americana Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March 27, 1880, 3. [B 378, C199, R254, C 287-] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Rocky Mountains, breeding from Texas north to Massachusetts, New York, southern Ontario, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota; south in winter through Central America to northern South America; southwest in migrations to Arizona. Now rare or entirely absent east of the Alleghanies. Genus CALAMOSPIZA Bonaparte. Calamospiza Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 30. Type, Fringilla bicolor Towns. = Calamospiza melanocorys STEJN. 605. Calamospiza melanocorys STEJN. Lark Bunting. Calamospiza melanocorys StEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 49. [Big77,(C 190,/R 256,,C.286.| Groc. Dist.— From the Plains of middle Kansas north to Mani- toba and Assiniboia, west to the Rocky Mountains, less commonly to the Pacific in southern California, and south to Guanajuato and Lower California. Accidental in Massachusetts, New York, and South Carolina. Famity TANAGRIDZA. Tanacers. GENUS HUPHONTIA DEsMAREST. Euphonia DesM. Hist. Nat. Tang. 1805, pl. xix. Type, Pipra musica GMEL.? ORDER PASSERES. 255 [606.] Euphonia elegantissima (Bonap.). Blue-headed Euphonia. Pipra elegantissima BonaP. P. Z.S. 1837 (June, 1838), 112. Luphonia elegantissima GRay, Gen. B. App. 1849, 17. [B 224, C—, R 160, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern Mexico, and south to Veragua. Texas (GrRAUD). Genus PIRANGA VIEILLoT. Piranga ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv. Type, Muscicapa rubra LINN. 1766 = Fringilla rubra LINN. 1758. ‘607. Piranga ludoviciana (WILs.). Louisiana Tanager. Tanagra ludoviciana Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 27, pl. 20, fig. 1. Pyranga ludoviciana RICHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. V. 1837, 175. LB 223, C 120, Ri 162, € /168.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Great Plains to the Pacific, north to South Dakota and British Columbia. In winter south to Guatemala. Accidental in New York and New England. [607.1.] Piranga rubriceps Gray. Gray’s Tanager. Pyranga rubriceps GRay, Gen. B. II. 1844, pl. 89. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Colombia. Accidental in California (Dos Pueblos, Santa Barbara Co.). 603. Piranga erythromelas VIEILL. Scarlet Tanager. Pyranga erythromelas VIEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXVIII. 1819, 293 (= Lyranga rubra AUCT, nec Lringilla rubra LINN.). 256 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. (Bi220, 'C 107, Riba 154.) Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, and north to southern Ontario and Manitoba. In winter the West Indies, eastern Mexico, Central America and northern South America. 609. Piranga hepatica Swains. Hepatic Tanager. Pyranga hepatica Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 438. [Biee2C roo, Rir6s)Ciac7.] Groc. Dist.— Southern New Mexico and southern Arizona southward to Guatemala. 610. Piranga rubra (LINN.). Summer Tanager. Fringilla rubra Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 181. Piranga rubra ViEILu. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv. [BYear, C 108, Rir64, Corss.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, to the Plains, north to southern New Jersey and southern Illinois, casually north to Massa- chusetts and Ontario, and accidentally to Nova Scotia. In winter, Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America to Peru. 610a. Piranga rubra cooperi Ripcw. Cooper’s Tanager. Pyranga coopert RipGw. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, 130. Piranga rubra coopert RipGw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B—, C 108a, R 1642, C 156.] Geoc. Dist.— New Mexico and Arizona, south in western Mexico to Colima. FaMILY HIRUNDINIDA. Swa tows. Genus PROGNE Bote. Progne Botk, Isis, 1826, 971. Type, Hirundo subis LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 257 611. Progne subis (Linv.). Purple Martin. FTirundo subis LINN. S. N. ed. ro, 1. 1758, 192. Progne subis BAtRD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1865, 274. [Bigat Cnr Rireo iC non | Geoc. Dist.— Temperate North America, north to Ontario and the Saskatchewan, south to the higher parts of Mexico, wintering in South America. 611 a. Progne subis hesperia Brewsr. Western Martin. Progne subis hesperia BREwst. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 92. [B 231, part, C 117, part, R 152, part, C 165, part.| Geroc. Dist.— California, south of Latitude 40°, and southern Arizona; in winter, south to Nicaragua. 611.1. Progne cryptoleuca Barrp. Cuban Martin. Progne cryptoleuca BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1865, 277. [B 231a, C—, R 152a, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Cuba, and southern Florida. Genus PETROCHELIDON Casanis. Petrochelidon Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 47. Type, Airundo melanogastra SWAINS. 612. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow. Hirundo lunifrons Say, Lonc’s Exp. II. 1823, 47. Petrochelidon lunifrons Cassin, Cat. Hirun. Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1853, 4. [B 226, C 114, R153, 'C 162.] Groc. Dist.— North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding south to the valleys of the Potomac and the Ohio, southern Texas, southern Arizona, and California; Central and South America in winter. Not recorded from Florida or the West Indies. 7 258 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [612.1.] Petrochelidon fulva (VIEILL.). Cuban Cliff Swallow. Hirundo fulva Viet.u. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 62, pl. 30. Petrochelidon fulva Cap. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 47. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.—Greater Antilles and coast of Central America. Accidental on the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Genus CHELIDON Forster. Chelidon Forst. Synop. Cat. Brit. B. 1817, 55. Type, Airundo rustica LINN. 613. Chelidon erythrogastra (Bopp.). Barn Swallow. Hirundo erythrogaster Bopp. Tabl. P. E. 1783, 45. Chelidon erythrogastra StTEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 31. (Bi2e5, (Cirrs, Rorg4, © 259°] Gros. Dist.— North America in general, breeding from the Fur Countries south into Mexico ; visits the West Indies in migrations, and winters in Central America and South America. Genus TACHYCINETA Casanlis. Tachycineta Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48. Type, Hirundo thalassina SWAINS. 614. Tachycineta bicolor (VIEILL.). Tree Swallow. Hirundo bicolor View. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 61, pl. 31. Tachycineta bicolor Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48. [Bji227, Cirr2; Rowes. Cibo.) Geroc. Distr.— North America at large, breeding from the Fur Countries south to New Jersey, the Ohio Valley, Kansas, and Colo- rado, etc., wintering from South Carolina and the Gulf States south- ward to the West Indies and Guatemala. ORDER PASSERES. 259 615. Tachycineta thalassina (Swalns.). Violet-green Swallow. Hirundo thalassinus Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 366. Tachycineta thalassina Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48. feia2S,) C153, 556. 161] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, north to British Columbia, south, in winter, to Guatemala and Costa Rica. Genus CALLICHELIDON Barrp. Callichelidon Bryant, MS. Karrp, Rev. Am. Bds. I. 1865, 303. Type, Hirundo cyaneoviridis BRYANT. [615.1.] Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (Bryant). Bahaman Swallow. Hirundo cyaneoviridis BRYANT, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VII. FOGG) EET Callichelidon cyaneoviridis BRyaNT, MS. Batrp, Rev. Am. Birds, I. 1865, 303. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Bahamas. Accidental on the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Genus CLIVICOLA Forster. Clivicola Forst. Synop. Cat. Brit. B. 1817, 55. Type, Hirundo riparia LINN. 616. Clivicola riparia (Linvw.). Bank Swallow. ffirundo riparia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 192. Chvicola riparia STEJN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 32. Liizeg, mes. i eic7.'C 162. Gros. Dist.— Northern hemisphere; in America, south to the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, breeding from the middle districts of the United States northward to about the limit of trees. 260 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus STELGIDOPTERYZX Barrp. Stelgidopteryx BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 312. Type, Hirundo ser- ripennis AUD. 617. Stelgidoptery= serripennis (AupD.). Rough-winged Swallow. Hirundo serripennis Aup. Orn. Biog, IV. 1838, 593. Stelgidopteryx serripennis BAatRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 312. [B\230,'Cirn6, Ross, Cor6a.] Geoc. Dist.— United States at large, north to Connecticut, south- ern Ontario, southern Minnesota, southern Montana, and British Columbia, south through Mexico to Costa Rica. Breeds throughout its United States range and south into Mexico. FamMiILty AMPELIDZ. Waxwincs, ETc. SuBFAMILY AMPELINA. Waxwincs. Genus AMPELIS Linyezuvs. Ampelis Linn. S. N. ed. 12, 1.1766,297. Type, by elimination, Lanius garrulus LINN. 618. Ampelis garrulus Linn. Bohemian Waxwing. Lanius garrulus LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 95. Ampelis garrulus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 297. [Bigg2, C118, Rorgo, C 166.| Geroc. Dist.— Northern parts of the northern hemisphere. In North America, south in winter, irregularly, to Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, southern Colorado, and northern California. Accidental at Fort Mohave, Arizona. Breeds north of the United States. 619. Ampelis cedrorum (VIEILL.). Cedar Waxwing. Bombyclla cedrorum VixiLu. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 88, pl. 57. Ampelis cedrorum Gray, Gen. B.I. 1846, 278. ORDER PASSERES. 261 [B 233, C 119, R 151, C 167.] Groc. Dist.— North America at large, from the Fur Countries southward. In winter, from the northern border of the United States south to the West Indies and Costa Rica. Breeds from Vir- ginia, the southern Alleghanies, Kentucky, Kansas, Arizona, etc., northward. SUBFAMILY PTILIOGONATIN Z. Genus PHAINOPEPLA Sc iater. Phainopepla Sci. P. Z. S. 1858, 543. Type, Ptiliogonys nitens SWAINS. 620. Phainopepla nitens (Swarns.). Phainopepla. Ptiliogonys nitens Swans. Anim. in Menag. 1838, 285. Phainopepla nitens Sci. P. Z. S. 1858, 543. [B 234, C 120, R 26, C 168.] Geroc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from southwestern Texas westward ; north to southern Utah, Nevada, Fort Crook, Cali- fornia, and south to Cape St. Lucas and the Valley of Mexico. Famity LANIIDZA. Surikes. Genus LANIUS Linnezus. Lanius Linn. S.N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 93. Type, by elimination, L. excubitor LINN. 621. Lanius borealis VIEILL. Northern Shrike. Lanius borealis ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. 1. 1807, 80, pl. 50. [B 236, C 134, R148, C 186.] Geoc. Dist.— Northern North America, south in winter to the middle portions of the United States (Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas, Colorado, Arizona, northern California). Breeds north of the United States. 262 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 622. Lanius ludovicianus Linn. Loggerhead Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 134. [B 237, C 135, R.149, C 187.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains; north to northern New England. Breeds from the Gulf States to Virginia and casually north, on the Atlantic coast, to southern New Jersey; in the interior, northward to the Great Lakes, and through western Pennsylvania and New York to New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. 622 a. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides (Swains.). White-rumped Shrike. Lanius excubitorides Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. Pood, rs, pl. 34. Lanius ludovicianus var. excubitoroides COUES, Key, 1872, 125. [B 238, C 135a@, R 149a,C 188.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America, from the eastern border of the Plains to the Pacific, except coast of California, and from Mani- toba and the Plains of the Saskatchewan south over the tablelands of Mexico. 622 6. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ripew. California Shrike. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 467. [B 238, part, C 1534, part, R 1494, part, C 188, part.| Geoc. Dist.— Coast of California. FaMILY VIREONIDZ. Vireos. GrENusS VIREO VIEILLOT. SusBGENUS VIRHOSYLVA BonAPARTE. Vireosylva Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 26. Type, Mzscs- capa olivacea LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 263 623. Vireo calidris barbatulus (Cas.). Black-whiskered Vireo. Phyllomanes barbatulus Cas. J. f. O. 1855, 467. Vireo calidris barbatuius Cours, B. Col. Vall. 1878, 491. (Bi2as.@) nea, Rirae C nga Groc. Dist.— Bahamas, Cuba, and southern Florida. 624. Vireo olivaceus (Linv.). Red-eyed Vireo. Muscicapa olivacea Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327. Vireo olivaceus Bonar. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. II. 1826, 71. [Bi240;O) 122, Ri ra5 Orzo.) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to Colorado, Utah, and British Columbia; north to the arctic regions; south, in winter, from Florida to northern South America. Breeds nearly throughout its North American range. 625. Vireo flavoviridis (Cass.). Yellow-green Vireo. Vireosyluia flavoviridis Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. Feb. FOUL, Te. Vireo flavoviridis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 332. [B 241, C—, R 136, C 171.] Geoc. Dist.-— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south- ward to Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Upper Amazon. Accidental at Godbout, Province of Quebec, and at Riverside, California. 626. Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.). Philadelphia Vireo. Vireosyluia philadelphica Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. Feb. 1865, 1535 pli) Os tie 2. Vireo philadelphicus BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 335. [B 244, C 124, R 138, C 173.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay ; south, in winter, to Costa Rica and Panama. Not recorded from Mexico or the West Indies. Breeds from Maine, New Hampshire, and Manitoba northward. 264 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 627. Vireo gilvus (VIEILL.). Warbling Vireo. Muscicapa gilva ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 65, pl. 34. Vireo gilvus Bonap. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. 1824, 176. (B245,'Crrzs,t2s@, R130; 1300,'C 174, 175-1 Geroc. Dist.— North America in general, from the Fur Countries to Oaxaca, Mexico. Breeds throughout the greater part of its range. SusGENUS LANIVIREO Barrp. Lanivireo BAtrD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1866, 345. Type, Vireo flavifrons VIEILL. 628. Vireo flavifrons VIEILL. Yellow-throated Vireo. Vireo flavifrons ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 85, pl. 54. (Biece/Cinab, Rigor 1760 Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to Ontario and Mani- toba ; south, in winter, to Colombia. Breeds from Florida and the Gulf States northward. 629. Vireo solitarius (WILS.). Blue-headed Vireo. Muscicapa solitaria Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 43, pl. 17, fig. 6. Vireo solitarius V1EILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXXVI. 1819, 103. [B.250,;C 127, Raat, © as) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, north to Hudson Bay and Fort Simpson. South, in winter, to Guatemala. Breeds from southern New England and the northern part of the Lake States northward. 629'a. Vireo solitarius cassinii (XaNrus). Cassin’s Vireo. Vireo cassinit XANT. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117. Vireo solitarius var. cassint HENSH. Rep. Orn. Spec. (Wheeler’s Exp.), 1874, 105. ORDER PASSERES. 265 [B 251, C—, R 1414, C 178.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States; confined to the Pacific slope, from British Columbia southward, during the breeding season. 629 6. Vireo solitarius plumbeus (CovEs). Plumbeous Vireo. Vireo plumbeus Covues, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 74. Vireo solitarius var. plumbeus ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1872, 176. [B—, C 127a, R 141d, C 179.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Rocky Mountain region from the eastern base of the mountains westward to the desert ranges of the Great Basin, and from southern Wyoming south, in winter, to Oaxaca, Mex- ico. Accidental in New York. 629 c. Vireo solitarius alticola Brewsr. Mountain Solitary Vireo. Vireo solitarius alticola Brewst. Auk, III. Jan. 1886, rrr. [B 250, part, C 127, part, R 141, part, C 177, part.) Gro. Dist.— Southern Alleghanies (western North Carolina, etc.), south in winter to Florida. 6297. Vireo solitarius lucasanus Brewstr. St. Lucas Solitary Vireo. Vireo solitarius lucasanus Brewst. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 147. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Lower California. SuBGENUS VIREO VIEILLOT. Vireo Nieuw.) Ois, Amy, Sept. 1.) 1807, '83..\ Lype,, Vi weusicus VIEILL. = Muscicapa noveboracensis GMEL. 630. Vireo atricapillus Woopu. Black-capped Vireo. Vireo atricapillus Woopu. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, 60. PBi427) > £3 35 Re Tag. eon. Geoc. Dist.— Central and western Texas, from the Rio Grande north to southwestern Kansas. 266 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 631. Vireo noveboracensis (GMEL.). White-eyed Vireo. Muscicapa noveboracensis GMEL. S. N. I. il. 1788, 947. Vireo noveboracensis BonaP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. 1824, 176. [Bi248,.C 129, 143,.C 1855) Groce. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Rocky Moun- tains; north to southern New England and Minnesota; south in win- ter, from Florida to Guatemala and Honduras. Breeds from Florida and the Gulf States northward. Resident in Bermuda. 651@. Vireo noveboracensis maynardi Brewst. Key West Vireo. Vireo noveboracensis maynardi Brewst. Auk, IV. April, 1887, 148. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Florida. 632. Vireo huttoni Cass. Hutton’s Vireo. Vireo huttoni Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1851, 150, pl. 10, fig. 1. [B 249, C 130, R 144, C 182.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern and central California, west of the Sierra Nevada. 632 a. Vireo huttoni stephensi Brewst. Stephens’s Vireo. Vireo huttoni stephensi BRewsv. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. July, 1882, 142. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Arizona, western Mexico, and Lower California. 632c. Vireo huttoni obscurus ANTHONY. Anthony’s Vireo. Vireo huttoni obscurus ANTHONY, Zoe, I. Dec. 1890, 306. ORDER PASSERES. 267 spa itn GUT Ny Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast, from Oregon to southern British Columbia, south in winter to California. 633. Vireo bellii Aup. Bell’s Vireo. Vireo belt Aup. B. Am. VII. 1844, 333, pl. 485. [Beu6; Ciigm BR tac 763))] Geroc. Dist.— Upper Mississippi Valley and Great Plains, from Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, and western Indiana, southwestward to Mexico. 633 a. Vireo bellii pusillus (Covss). Least Vireo. Vireo pusillus Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 76. Vireo bellit pusillus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B—, C 132, R 146, C 184.] Geroc. Dist.— Arizona and California, south to Cape St. Lucas, and throughout western Mexico. 634. Vireo vicinior Cougs. Gray Vireo. Vireo vicinior Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 75. [B—, C 128, R 147, C 180.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from western Texas and New Mexico to southern and Lower California and north- western Mexico, north to southern Nevada (Grapevine Mts., Lat. 37°) and the Grand Cajon of the Colorado in Arizona. Famity CCSREBIDZS. Honey CREEPERS. Genus CGiREBA VIEILLOor. Cereba ViriLtot, Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 70. Type, Certhia fiaveola LINN. 268 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 635. Coereba bahamensis (REICH.). Bahama Honey Creeper. Certhiola bahamensis Reicu. Handb. I. 1853, 253. Cereba bahamensis A. O. U. Code and Check-List, Suppl. 1889, 23: [Bigar, © 106, Ri zg9,'C 153-4 Geos. Dist.— Bahamas, and the Keys of the southern coast of Florida. Famity MNIOTILTIDAS. Woop WarBLErs. Genus MNIOTILTA Viervor. Mniotilta Vini.i. Analyse, 1816, 45. Type, Wotacilla varia LINN. 636. Mniotilta varia (Linn.). Black and White Warbler. Motacilla varia LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333. Mniotilta varia Vi8tLu. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXI. 1818, 230. [B 167, C 57, R 74, 74a, C 91, 92.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, north to Fort Simpson, south, in winter, through Central America and the West Indies to Venezuela and Colombia. Breeds from Virginia and southern Kansas northward, and winters from Florida and the Gulf States southward. Genus PROTONOTARIA Barrp. Protonotaria Batrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 239. Type, Motacilla citrea BODD. 637. Protonotaria citrea (Bopp.). Prothonotary Warbler. Motacilla citrea Bopp. Tabl. P. E. 1783, 44. Protonotaria citrea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 239. ORDER PASSERES. 269 [B 169, C 59, R 75, C 95.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to Nebraska and Kansas, north to Virginia, southern Michigan, and Iowa, casually to New England, Ontario, and Minnesota; in winter Cuba and northern South America. Breeds throughout its United States range. Genus HELINAIA Avupvpon. Helinaia AuD. Synop. 1839, 66. Type, Sylvia swainsonii Aun. 638. Helinaia swainsonii Aup. Swainson’s Warbler. Sylvia swainsoniit AuD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 563, pl. 198. Helinaia swainsonit AuD. Synop. 1839, 66. [5 279):C 62, Ri 76,(C 97: | Geroc. Dist.— Southeastern United States, north to southern Vir- ginia (Dismal Swamp), southwestern Indiana, southeastern Missouri, and west to Texas; in winter, south to Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Jamaica. Genus HELMITHERUS RarineEsQue. Helmitherus Rar¥in. Journ. de Phys. LXXXVIII. 1819, 417. Type, Motacilla vermivora GMEL. 639. Helmitherus vermivorus (GMEL.). Worm-eating Warbler. Motacilla vermivora GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 951. fTelmitheros vermivora BonaP. Consp. Av. I. April 20, 1850, 314. [B 178, C 60, R77, C 96.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New York and southern New England, west to eastern Nebraska and Texas; south, in winter, to Cuba and northern South America. Breeds throughout its United States range. Genus HELMINTHOPHILA Rincway. felminthophila Ripew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 53. Type, Sylvia ruficapilla Wits. 270 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 640. Helminthophila bachmanii (Aup.). Bachman’s Warbler. Sylvia bachmanii AupD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 483, pl. 183. fLelminthophila bachmant Ripew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 53. [Bir82,C 64 R78 Cros Geoc. Dist.— South Atlantic States (southern Virginia to Florida), and westward to Louisiana; Cuba, in winter. 641. Helminthophila pinus (Linn.). Blue-winged Warbler. Certhia pinus Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 187. Flelminthophila pinus Ripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1602, 53. [B 180, C 62, R 79, C 98.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, from southern New York, southern New England, and southern Minnesota southward, and west to Nebraska and Texas. In winter, south to Mexico, Guate- mala and Nicaragua. 642. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linn.). Golden-winged Warbler. Motacilla chrysoptera Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333. Helminthophila chrysoptera Ripew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 53. [Bin8n, (C62) RSn, CC o2.4 Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New England, southwestern Ontario, and southern Minnesota; breeding from northern New Jersey and northern Indiana northward, and southward along the Alleghanies to South Carolina. Central Amer- ica and northern South America in winter. 643. Helminthophila lucize (Cooper). Lucy’s Warbler. Lelminthophaga lucie CooPEr, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. July, 1862, 120. Eelminthophila lucie Ripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 54. ORDER PASSERES. 271 [B—, C 65, R 83, C 104.] Geoc. Dist.— Arizona and extreme southwestern Utah, from the Santa Clara Valley southward to Sonora, Mexico. 644. Helminthophila virginize (Barrp). Virginia’s Warbler. Helminthophaga virginie Barrp, B. N. Am. ed. 1860, Atlas, p. xi. foot-note, pl. 79, fig. r. Helminthophila virginie Riwew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 54. [B—, C 66, R 84, C 105. ] Gzoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region of the United States, from Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada southward on the tableland of Mexico to Guanajuato. 645. Helminthophila ruficapilla (WILs.). Nashville Warbler. Sylvia ruficapilla Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 120, pl. 27, fig. 3. Helminthophila rujicapilla Rripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 54. [B 183, part, C 67, part, R 85, part, C 106, part.) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, north to the Fur Countries, breeding from the northern United States northward. Mexico and Guatemala in winter. 645a. Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis Rivcw. Calaveras Warbler. Helminthophaga ruficapilla var. gutturalis Ripcw. in Hist. N. Am) Be Ti Jian.1$74, 191. Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B 183, part, C 67, part, R 85, part, C 106, part.| Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast of North America, eastward, during migrations, to the Rocky Mountains, northward to Kadiak, Alaska, and southward to Lower California and western Mexico. 272 ORDER PASSERES. 646. Helminthophila celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. Sylvia celata Say, Lone’s Exp. I. 1823, 169. Helminthophila celata Rrpcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 54. [B 184, part, C 68, R 86, C 107.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, breeding as far northward as the Yukon and Mackenzie River districts, and southward through the Rocky Mountains, and wintering in the south Atlantic and Gulf States and Mexico. Rare east of the Alleghanies, north of Virginia. 646 a. Helminthophila celata lutescens (Ripew.). Lutescent Warbler. Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens RrpGw. Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts; 1872,45 72 Helminthophila celata lutescens Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. April, 1882, 85. [B 184, part, C 68a, R 86a, C 108.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific. 646 4. Helminthophila celata sordida Townsenp. Dusky Warbler. Hlelminthophila celata sordida TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. XITI. 1890, 139. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— San Clemente, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, California. 647. Helminthophila peregrina (WILS.). Tennessee Warbler. Sylvia peregrina Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 83, pl. 25, fig. 2. Helminthophila peregrina Ripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 54. [B 185, C 69, R'87,'C 109, Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, breeding from northern New York and northern New England northward to Hudson Bay Territory; in winter south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica and Colombia. ORDER PASSERES. 273 Genus COMPSOTHLYPIS Casanis. Compsothlypis Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 20. Type, Parus amert- canus LINN. 648. Compsothlypis americana ( Linv.). Parula Wavrbler. Parus americanus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 190. Compsothlypis americana Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 20. [B 168, C 58, R 88, C 93.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to Canada, and south in winter to the West Indies, Eastern Mexico and Nicaragua. Breeds locally throughout its United States range. 649. Compsothlypis nigrilora (CovEs). Sennett’s Warbler. Parula nigrilora Cours, Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Tens. IV. 1878, 11. Compsothlypis nigrilora StEyN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 170. [B—, C-, R 89a, C 94.] Groc. Dist.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and southward in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern San Luis Potosi. Genus DENDROICA Gray. SuBGENUS PERISSOGLOSSA Bairp. Perissoglossa BAarRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 180. Type, Motacilla tigrina GMEL. 650. Dendroica tigrina (GMEL.). Cape May Warbler. Motacilla tigrina GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 985. Dendroica tigrina Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 286. 18 274 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 206, C 85, Rgo, C 126.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north to Lake Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Territory, west to the Plains. Breeds from north- ern New England northward ; winters in the West Indies. SuBGENUS PHUCEDRAMUS Cougs. Peucedramus CouEs, in Zool. Wheeler’s Exp. 1876, 201. Type, Sylvia olivacea GIRAUD. 651. Dendroica olivacea (GrIRAUD). Olive Warbler. Sylvia olivacea GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Tex. B. 1841, 29, pl. 7, fig. 2. Dendroica olivacea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 305. [B—, C—, R 92, C 110.] Groc. Dist.— Highlands of Guatemala and Mexico, north to southern New Mexico and Mt. Graham, Arizona. SuBGENUS DENDROICA Gray. Dendroiwa Gray, List Gen. B. App. 1842, 8. Type, Motacilla coronata LINN. 652. Dendroica zstiva (GMEL.). Yellow Warbler. Motacilla estiva GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 996. Dendrowa estiva BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 282. [eos \C yorR geil ars,| Groc. Dist.— North America at large, except southwestern part, south in winter to Central America and northern South America. Breeds nearly throughout its North American range. 652 a. Dendroica zstiva sonorana BreEwstT. Sonora Yellow Warbler. Dendroica estiva sonorana BRrewst. Auk, V. April, 1888, 137. ORDER PASSERES. 275 [B 203, part, C 70, part, R 03, part, C 111, part.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Arizona to western Texas and northwest- ern Mexico. 653. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ripcw. Mangrove Warbler. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. Sept. 2, 1885, 350. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Western Mexico, and southern part of Lower Cali- fornia. 654. Dendroica czrulescens (GMEL.). Black-throated Blue Warbler. _ Motacilla cerulescens GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 960. Dendroica cerulescens BAiRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 186. [B 193, C 76, R 94, C 117.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, breeding from northern New England and northern New York northward to Labra- dor, and in the Alleghanies south to northern Georgia; West Indies and Guatemala in winter. Accidental on the Farallon Islands, Cali- fornia. 655. Dendroica coronata (Linv.). Myrtle Warbler. Motacilla coronaia Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333. Dendroica coronata GRAY, List Gen. B. App. 1842, 8. [B\t94,C 78,8 og. 119.) Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, chiefly, straggling more or less commonly westward to the Pacific; breeds from the northern United States northward, and winters from southern New England and the Ohio valley southward to the West Indies, and through Mexico to Panama. 656. Dendroica auduboni (Towns.). Audubon’s Warbler. Sylvia auduboni Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, rgr. Dendroica audubonii BairvD, B. N. Am. 1858, 273. 276 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 195, C 79, R96, C 120.] Gros. Dist.— Western United States, east to the western border of the Plains and north to British Columbia; south in winter to Guatemala. Accidental in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. 657. Dendroica maculosa (GMEL.). Magnolia Warbler. Motacilla maculosa Gu. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 984. Dendroica maculosa BatrD, B.N. Am. 1858, 284. [Beo4,'C'S4,.R97,C r25-] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the base of the Rocky Mountains, and casually to British Columbia; breeding from northern New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan, to Hudson Bay Territory and southward in the Alleghanies to Penn- sylvania. In winter, Bahamas, Cuba, and south through eastern Mexico to Panama. 658. Dendroica czerulea (WILs.). Cerulean Warbler. Sylvia cerulea Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 141, pl. 17, fig. 5. Dendroica cerulea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 280. [B 20s Cy 7, BR 98.1C. x28] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west to the Plains. Rare or casual east of central New York and the Alleghanies. In winter south to Cuba (rare), southeastern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Breeds from West Virginia, Tennessee, Missouri, and Kansas northward to Minnesota. 659. Dendroica pensylvanica (LINN.). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Motacilla pensylvanica Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333. Dendroica pennsylvanica Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 279. [B 200, C 83, R 9g, C 124.] Groc. Disr.— Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west to Manitoba and the Plains, breeding southward to central Illinois and northern New Jersey, and in the Appalachian highlands probably to northern Georgia. Visits the Bahamas, eastern Mexico, Central America and Panama in winter. ORDER PASSERES. 277 660. Dendroica castanea (WILS.). Bay-breasted Warbler. Sylvia castanea Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 97, pl. 14, fig. 4. Dendroica castanea BAtRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 276. [B 197, C 82, R 100, C 123.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay. Breeds from northern New England and northern Michigan north- ward ; in winter south through eastern Mexico (rare) and Guatemala to Colombia. 661. Dendroica striata (Forst.). Black-poll Warbler. Muscicapa striata Forst. Philos. Trans. LXII. 1772, 406, 428. Dendroica striata Barrp, B. N. Am. 1858, 280. [B 202, C 81, R ror, C 122.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun- tains, north to Greenland, the Barren Grounds, and Alaska, breeding from northern New England and the Catskills northward. South in winter to northern South America, but not recorded from Mexico or Central America. 662. Dendroica blackburniz (GMEL.). Blackburnian Warbler. Motacilla blackburniea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 977. Dendroica blackburnie Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 274. [B 196, C 80, R 102, C 121.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to eastern Kansas and Manitoba, breeding from the southern Alleghanies, Massachu- setts, and Michigan northward to Labrador. In winter, south to the Bahamas, eastern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. 663. Dendroica dominica (LINv.). Yellow-throated Warbler. Motacilla dominica Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 334. Dendroica dominica BatrvD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 209. 278 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 209, part, C 88, R 103, C 129.] Geoc. Dist.— Southeastern United States, north to southern Maryland and Virginia, and casually to southern New England; south to the West Indies. 663 a. Dendroica dominica albilora Ripew. Sycamore Warbler. Dendroica dominica var. albilora Baird MSS. Ripcw. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 606. [B 209, part, C 88a, R 10324, C 130.] Geos. Dist.— Mississippi Valley, west to the Plains, north to Lake Erie and southern Michigan, and east to western North Caro- lina ; in winter south to southern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala and Nicaragua. 664. Dendroica graciz Bairp. Grace’s Warbler. Dendroica gracie *“‘Cours MSS.” Barrp, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 210. [B—, C 87, R 104, C 128.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and southward into Sonora. 665. Dendroica nigrescens (Towns.). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Sylvia nigrescens Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, IgI. Dendroica nigrescens BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 270. [B1g2,'Ci75, Riek, © 116 Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, north to Colorado, Oregon, and British Columbia west of the Cascades, migrating to southern Mexico in winter. 666. Dendroica chrysoparia Sct. & SALv. Golden-cheeked Warbler. Dendreca chrysoparia Sci. & Sav. P. Z. S. 1860, 298. ORDER PASSERES. 279: [B—, C 74, R 106, C 115.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Texas, and southward to Guatemala. 667. Dendroica virens (GMEL.). Black-throated Green Warbler. Motacilla virens GMEL. S.N. I. ii. 1788, 985. Dendroica virens BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 267. Pe r8o, C76 507) Gene] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, north to Hudson Bay Territory, breeding from Connecticut and northern Illinois northward, and south along the Alleghanies to South Caro- lina. In winter, south to Cuba and Panama. Accidental in Green- land and Europe. 668. Dendroica townsendi (Towns.). Townsend’s Warbler. Sylvia townsendi “ Nutt.” Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIL. 1837; 291- Dendroica townsendi BairvD, B. N. Am. 1858, 269. PB ren) .C 735K 108, 0 jar Groc. Dist.— Western North America, east to central Colorado, north to Sitka, south in winter to Mexico and Guatemala. Acci- dental near Philadelphia. Breeds from the southern border of the United States northward. 669. Dendroica occidentalis (Towns.). Hermit Warbler. Sylvia occidentalis Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, go. Dendroica occidentalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 268. [B t90, C 72, R 109, C 113-] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, and from Washington southward ; in winter, Lower California and Mexico to the highlands of Guatemala. 280 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 670. Dendroica kirtlandi Barro. Kirtland’s Warbler. Sylvicola kirtlandi Bairp, Ann. Lyc.N. Y. V. 1852, 216, pl. 6. Dendroica kirtlandii Bairp, B. N. Am. 1858, 286. [Bizog C89, (Rano, C ng t.| Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States (South Carolina, Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota), and the Bahamas in winter. 671. Dendroica vigorsii (AUD.). Pine Warbler. Sylvia vigorsii AuD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 153, pl. 30. Dendroica vigorsit STEJN. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 343. | PB pos. Cor uR ere dC it eani| Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, and New Brunswick, wintering in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, and the Bahamas. 672. Dendroica palmarum (GMEL.). Palm Warbler. Motacilla palmarum GEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788,951. Dendroica palmarum Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 288. [B 208, part, C go, part, R 113, C 132.] Geoc. Dist.— Northern interior to Great Slave Lake; in winter South Atlantic and Gulf States, the West Indies and Mexico. Of rare but regular occurrence in the Atlantic States in migrations. 672 a. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ripew. Yellow Palm Warbler. Dendreca palmarum hypochrysea RrpGw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I. Nov. 1876, 85. [B 208, part, C go, part, R 1134, C 133.] Geoc. Dist.— Atlantic States, north to Hudson Bay. Breeds from eastern Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia northward ; winters in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. ORDER PASSERES. 281 673. Dendroica discolor (VIEILL.). Prairie Warbler. Sylvia discolor VintLu. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 37, pl. 98. Dendroica discolor Bairp, B. N. Am. 1858, 290. [Bizro, C86; Rrra) C reg.) Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding from Florida north to Michigan and southern New England. Winters in southern Florida and the West Indies. Genus SHIURUS Swainson. Securus Swains. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 369. Type, Moracilla aurocapilla LINN. 674. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linv.). Oven-bird. Motacilla aurocapilla Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 334. Seiurus aurocapillus Swans. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 171. [Bri36,.C\.92) Rirrsy Chany) Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay Ter- ritory and Alaska, breeding from Kansas, the Ohio Valley, and Vir- ginia northward. In winter, Florida, the West Indies, southern Mex- ico, and Central America to Panama. 675. Seiurus noveboracensis (GMEL.). Water-Thrush. Motacilla noveboracensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 958. Securus noveboracensis Bonap. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 21. [B 187, part, C 93, part, R 116, C 136.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States to Illinois, and northward to Arctic America, breeding from the northern United States northward. South in winter to the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. 675a. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (Ripew.). Grinnell’s Water-Thrush. Seirus nevius notabilis “GRINNELL,”’ Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. ITI. 1880, 12. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIIT. 1885, 354- 282 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 187, part, C 93, part, R 116a, C 137.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from Indiana and [Illinois westward to California, and north into British America. Casual in migrations eastward to the Atlantic coast. Winters from the south- ern border of the United States southward to Lower California, Mex- ico, and northern South America. 676. Seiurus motacilla (VIEILL.). Louisiana Water-Thrush. Turdus motacilla ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 9, pl. 65. Seturus motacilla BonaPp. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 306. (Bir88iC ga (R arg, C\rgs.) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New Eng- land and southern Michigan, casually north to Lake George, north- eastern New York, west to the Plains. In winter, West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America to Panama. Genus GHOTHLYPIS Casanis. SuBsGENUS OPORORNIS Bairp. Oporornis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 246. Type, Sylvia agilts WIiLs. 677. Geothlypis formosa (WILS.). Kentucky Warbler. Sylvia formosa Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 85, pl. 25, fig. 3. Geothlypis formosa Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B r75) 96, Rrra; @ 140.4 Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, breeding from the Gulf States north to southern New England and southern Michigan. In winter, West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central America to Panama. 678. Geothlypis agilis (Wus.). Connecticut Warbler. Sylvia agilis Wits. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 64, pl. 39, fig. 4. Geothlypis agilis GREGG, Pr. Elmira Acad. 1870,—(p. 7 of reprint). ORDER PASSERES. 283 [B 174, C 9s, R 118, C 139.] Groce. Dist.— Eastern North America, breeding north of the United States (Manitoba, Ontario). Northern South America in winter. SuBGENUS GHOTHLYPIS Casanis. Geothlypis Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, i. 316, 349. Type, Turdus trichas LINN. 679. Geothlypis philadelphia (WILs.). Mourning Warbler. Sylvia philadelphia Wiis. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 1o1, pl. 14, fig. 6. Geothlypis philadelphia BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 243. (Bi nyz2, C98, Rirz0; Craa.| (roc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Plains, breeding from the mountainous portions of Pennsylvania, New England, New York, and northern Michigan northward. Central America and northern South America in winter. Accidental in Greenland. 680. Geothlypis macgillivrayi (AvD.). Macgillivray’s Warbler. Sylvia macgillivrayi Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 75, pl. 399, figs, 4, 5- Geothlypis macgillivrayi BARD, B. N. Am. 1858, 244. (Binz C99) Ri rar Crags Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, north into British Columbia. Lower California, Mexico, and Central America to Colombia in winter. 681. Geothlypis trichas (LInN.). Maryland Yellow-throat. Turdus trichas Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 293. Geothlypis trichas Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 16. [B 170, part, C 97, part, R 122, part, C 141, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to Ontario, Nova Scotia, and southern Labrador, breeding from Georgia northward. In winter, South Atlantic and Gulf States, the West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central America; casually northward to Massachusetts, 284 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 681 a. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. Western Yellow-throat. Geothiypis trichas occidentalis Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VIII. July, 1883,\159- [B 170, part, C 97, part, R 122, part, C 141, part.) Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific coast, and north to British Columbia; south, in winter, to Central America. 681 4. Geothlypis trichas ignota CHaApmM. Florida Yellow-throat. Geothlypis trichas ignota CHAPM. Auk, VII. Jan. 1890, 11. [B 170, part, C 97, part, R 122, part, C 141, part.) Groc. Dist.— Florida, north to southern Georgia. 682. Geothlypis beldingi Rivew. Belding’s Yellow-throat. Geothlypis beldingi Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 344. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Gros. Dist.— Southern portion of Lower California, north to San Ignacio (Lat. 27°). 682.1. Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi Rivew. Rio Grande Yellow-throat. Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi Rivew. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1893, 692. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Lower Rio Grande Valley. Genus ICTERIA VIEILLor. Icteria Viettu. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, pp. ili. 85. Type, AZus- cicapa viridis GMEL. = Turdus virens LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 285 683. Icteria virens (Liny.). Yellow-breasted Chat. Lurdus virens Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 171. Icteria virens BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 228. [B 176, C 100, R 123, C 144.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding north to Ontario and southern New England; south, in winter, to eastern Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. 683 a. Icteria virens longicauda (Lawr.). Long-tailed Chat. Leteria longwauda Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. VI. 1853, 4. Leteria virens var. longicauda Cours, Key, 1872, 108. [B 177, C rooa, R 123a, C 145.] Groc. Dist Western United States, from the Plains to the Pacific, north to southern Montana, Washington, and the dry interior of British Columbia, south into Lower California and Mexico. Genus SYLVANIA Nuttratt. Sylvania Nutt. Man. Land Birds, I. 1832, 290. ‘Type, by elimination, Muscicapa selbii AUD. = Motacilla mitrata GME. 684. Sylvania mitrata (GMEL.). Hooded Warbler. Motacilla mitrata GhEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 977. Sylvania mitrata Nutr. Man. Land B. ed. 1840, ete PR avs, Cision, Rigsal€ 146.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north and east to southern Michigan, southern Ontario, western and south- eastern New York, and southern New England. Breeds from the Gulf of Mexico northward. In winter, West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central America to Panama. 685. Sylvania pusilla (Wu:s.). Wilson’s Warbler. Muscicapa pusilla Wits. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 103, pli 26, figs iat Sylvania pusilla Nutt. Man. Land B. ed. 1840, 335. 286 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B.213, par, C102, R res, Cran] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to and including the Rocky Mountains, north to Labrador, Hudson Bay Territory, and Alaska. Breeds chiefly north of the United States, migrating south to eastern Mexico and Central America. 685 a. Sylvania pusilla pileolata (PALL.). Pileolated Warbler. Motacilla pileolata PALL. Zoog. Rosso-As. I. 1826, 497. Sylvania pusilla pileolata Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- [B 213, part, C 102a, R 1254, C 148.] Geroc. Dist.— Western North America, from the Great Basin to the Pacific, north to Alaska (Kadiak), and south, in winter, to Costa Rica. 686. Sylvania canadensis (LINN.). Canadian Warbler. Muscicapa canadensis Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327. Sylvania canadensis Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [Beng ere iG wos Rk 1a7\Cirag,| Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and north to Newfoundland, southern Labrador, and Lake Winnipeg, south, in winter, to Central America and northern South America. Breeds from the higher parts of the Alleghanies, and the more ele- vated parts of southern New York and southern New England, northward. Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson. Setophaga Swalins. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 368. Type, JJota- cilla ruticilla LINN. 687. Setophaga ruticilla (Linvn.). American Redstart. Motacilla ruticilla Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 186. Setophaga ruticilla Swains. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 368. ORDER PASSERES. 287 [B217,'C 104, KR 128)C/152.] Geroc. Dist.— North America, north to Fort Simpson, west regu- larly to the Great Basin, casually to California and Lower California, breeding from the middle portion of the United States northward. In winter, the West Indies, southern Mexico, Central America and northern South America. 688. Setophaga picta Swains. Painted Redstart. Setophaga picta Swatns. Zool. Illustr. 2d ser. I. 1829, pl. 3. [hi 21s; Gi fos) Ri 29, © 15 7;| Geroc. Dist.— Mountains of Mexico, north to southern Arizona. [689.] Setophaga miniata Swans. Red-bellied Redstart. Setophaga miniata Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368. [B 219, C—, R 130, C —.] Groc. Dist.— Highlands of Mexico. Texas (GrrauD). Genus CARDELLINA Du Bus. Cardellina Du Bus, Esq. Orn. 1850, pl. 25. Type, C. amicta Du Bus = Muscicapa rubrifrons GIRAUD. 690. Cardellina rubrifrons (GiravupD). Red-faced Warbler. Muscicapa rubrifrons GrrauD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, pl. 7, fig. I. Cardellina rubrifrons Sci. P. Z. S. 1855, 66. [B—, C—, R 131, C 150.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, through Mexico, to Guatemala. Texas (GIRAUD). Genus ERGATICUS Barron. Ergaticus BatrD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 237. Type, Sete. phaga rubra SWAINS. 288 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [691.] Ergaticus ruber (Swarns.). Red Warbler. Setophaga rubra Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368. Lrgaticus ruber Scu. & Sav. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 11. [B 216, C—, R 132, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Highlands of Mexico. Texas (Grraup). Genus BASILEUTERUS Casanis. Basileuterus Cas. in ScHoms. Guiana, III. 1848, 666. Type, Sylvia vermivora VIEILL. = Setophaga auricapilla SwaAIns. [692.] Basileuterus culicivorus (LIcHT.). Brasher’s Warbler. Sylvia culicivora (Licut.) Preis-Verzeich. 1830, no. 78. Basileuterus culicivorus Bonap. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 313. [B—, C —, R 133, C —.] Geroc. Dist.— Central America, from Panama north-to eastern Mexico. Texas (GIRAUD.) (693.] Basileuterus belli (Giraup). Bell’s Warbler. Muscicapa belli GiRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, pl. 4, fig. r. Basileuterus belli Sci. P. Z. S. 1855, 65. [B—, C—, R 134, C —.] Geroc. Dist.— Guatemala and Mexico, north to the temperate regions of Vera Cruz. Texas (GIRAUD). Famity MOTACILLIDA. Wactaits. Genus MOTACILLA Linnzus. Motacilla Linn. S.N. ed. to, I. 1758, 184. Type, by elimina- tion, AZ. alba LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 289 [694.] Motacilla alba Linn. White Wagtail. Motacilla alba Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 185. [B—, C—, R 69, C 86.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern Europe and northern Asia, south, in winter, to North Africa and India. Accidental in Greenland. [695.] Motacilla ocularis Swinu. Swinhoe’s Wagtail. Motacilla ocularis Swinu. Ibis, Jan. 1860, 55. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern Asia. Accidental in Lower California. Aleutian Islands? Genus BUDYTES Couvier. Budytes Cuv. Régne An. I. 1817, 371. Type, Motacilla flava LINN. 696. Budytes flavus leucostriatus (Hom.). Siberian Yellow Wagtail. Budytes leucostriatus HOMEYER, J. f. O. 1878, 128. Budytes flavus leucostriatus STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 280. [B—, C 54, R 70, C 87.] Groc. Dist.— Alaska and northern Siberia to China, wintering in the Moluccas. Genus ANTHUS BEeEcustTEIn. SuBsGENus ANTHUS. Anthus Becust. Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. III. 1807,704. Type, by elimination, 4. aguaticus = Alauda spinoletta LINN. 697. Anthus pensilvanicus (LaTH.). American Pipit. Alauda pensilvanica LAaTH. Synop. Suppl. I. 1787, 287. Anthus pensilvanicus THIENEM. Rhea, II. 1849, 171. 19 290 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 165, C 55, R71, C 89.] Geoc. Dist.— North America at large, breeding in the higher parts of the Rocky Mountains and subarctic districts, and wintering in the Gulf States, Mexico, and Central America. Accidental in Europe. [698.] Anthus pratensis (Liny.). Meadow Pipit. Alauda pratensis Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 166. Anthus pratensis Becust. Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. III. 1807, 732. [Bi==, Cig 5 b2s, Rig2,.C 88,] Groc. Dist.— Europe, straggling to Greenland (and Alaska ? ). [699.] Anthus cervinus (PALLas). Red-throated Pipit. Motacilla cervina PALLAS, Zoog. Rosso-As. I. 1826, 511. Anthus cervinus Krys. & Bias. Wirb. Eur. I. 1840, p. xlviii. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern parts of the Old World. Accidental in Lower California. St. Michael and Aleutian Islands, Alaska? SuBGENUS NBOCORYS Sc Later. NNeocorys Sci. P. Z. S. 1857, 5. Type, Alauda spraguett AuD. 700. Anthus spragueii (AvD.). Sprague’s Pipit. Alauda spraguei Auv. B. Am. VII. 1843, 335, pl. 486. Anthus spraguet BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Oct. 1864, 155. [iB 166, C56, Wes Cga;| Groc. Dist.— Interior plains of North America, breeding from the plains of the Yellowstone northward to the Saskatchewan district, and from the Red River westward (probably to the Rocky Moun- tains). South in winter on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla. Accidental in South Carolina. ORDER PASSERES. 291 Famity CINCLIDAi. Drrrpers. Genus CINCLUS BEeEcustTEIN. Cinclus Becust. Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl. 1802, 205. Type, Sturnus cinclus LINN. 701. Cinclus mexicanus SwaiIns. American Dipper. Cinclus mexicanus Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368. [5 164,) Cro. RY ng,/G) 30. | Groc. Dist.— The mountainous parts of central and western North America, from the Yukon Valley and Unalaska to Guatemala’; east, in the United States, to the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- tains. Apparently resident throughout its range. Famity TROGLODYTIDZA. Wrens, THRASHERS, ETC. SUBFAMILY MIMIN ZG. THRASHERS. GENuS OROSCOPTES Bairrp. Oroscoptes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 346. Type, Orpheus mon- tanus TOWNS. 702. Oroscoptes montanus (Towns.). Sage Thrasher. Orpheus montanus ‘Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, 193: \ Oroscoptes montanus BatRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 347. DS args al Oly Ail: ctor Qa Bel| Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the western part of the Plains (western South Dakota, western Nebraska, and eastern Colorado), north to Montana, west to the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, south into northern Mexico, Lower California, and casually to Guadalupe Island. 292 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus MIMUS Bolg. Mimus Bote, Isis, Oct. 1826, 972. Type, Zurdus polyglottos LINN. 703. Mimus polyglottos (Liny.). Mockingbird. Turdus polyglottos LINN. 8. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 169. Mimus polyglottus Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 17. MBi263) 253s 8 Norn Comes) Geroc. Dist.— United States, south into Mexico. Rare and of irregular distribution from Maryland northward to Massachusetts, and north of southern Ohio, Colorado, and southern California. Bahamas. Casual on Guadalupe Island, Lower California. GENUS GALEOSCOPTES CABANIS. Galeoscoptes Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82. Type, Muscicapa carolinensis LINN. 704. Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Linv.). Catbird. Muscicapa carolinensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 328. Galeoscoptes carolinensis CaB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82. PBi2ca Ci, Riz. iC woe) Geoc. Dist. — Eastern United States and British Provinces, west to and including the Rocky Mountains; occasional on the Pacific coast, from British Columbia south to central California. Breeds from the Gulf States northward to the Saskatchewan. Winters in the Southern States, Cuba, and Middle America to Panama. Bermuda, resident. Accidental in Europe. GENuS HARPORHYNCHUS Cagsanis. SuBGENUS METHRIOPTERUS ReEIcHENBACH. Methriopterus REicH. Syst. Nat. 1850, pl. iv. Type, Zurdus rufus LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 293 705. Harporhynchus rufus (Liyy.). Brown Thrasher. Lurdus rufus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 169. flarporhynchus rufus Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82. [B268,261¢, C ro, Ri13z,C 174] Groce. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the Rocky Mountains, north to southern Maine, Ontario, and Manitoba. Breeds from the Gulf States, including eastern Texas, northward. Accidental in Europe. 706. Hlarporhynchus longirostris sennetti (Rivcw.). Sennett’s Thrasher. Hlarporhynchus longirostris sennetti Ripcw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. X. Aug. 6, 1888, 506. [B 260, C roa, R 134, € 18.] Geroc. Dist.— Southeastern Texas, from Corpus Christi and Laredo southward to central Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. 707. Harporhynchus curvirostris (Swatns.). Curve-billed Thrasher. Orpheus curvirostris Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 369. flarporhynchus curvirostris Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 81. [B 259, 2594, oa R 15, C 19.] Geoc. Dist.— Tablelands of Mexico, from Oaxaca and Puebla northward to southern New Mexico and southeastward in Texas to the mouth of the Rio Grande. 707 a. Harporhynchus curvirostris palmeri Cours. Palmer’s Thrasher. flarporhynchus curvirostris var. palmeri “* RrpGw.” CouEs, Key, S72 20 ae [B= © tr Riga C20. | Geoc. Dist.— Southern Arizona, from about fifty miles northwest of Phoenix south to Guaymas, Sonora. 708. Harporhynchus bendirei Covss. Bendire’s Thrasher. flarporhynchus bendirei Cours, Am. Nat. VII. 1873, 330. 294 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B—, C 11 dts, R 14a, C 21.] Geroc. Dist.— Arizona, from Phoenix and the Painted Desert south to Guaymas, Sonora. Westward casually to Agua Caliente, California. Accidental (?) at Colorado Springs, Colorado. 709. Harporhynchus cinereus XANTUS. St. Lucas Thrasher. Harporhynchus cinereus XAnTuS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 298. [B—, C 12, R 14, C 22.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California, from Cape St. Lucas north to San Quintin (Lat. 30° 30!). 709 a. Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi ANTHONY. Mearns’s Thrasher. Harporhynchus cinereus mearnst ANTHONY, Auk, XII. Jan. 1895, Soe [B—,C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Northern Lower California. SuBGENUS HARPORHYNCHUS Casanis. Harporhynchus Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1848, 1.98. Type, Harpes rediviva GAMB. 710. Harporhynchus redivivus (Game.). Californian Thrasher. Harpes rediviva GAB. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1845, 264. Harporhynchus redivivus Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1848, 1. 98. (B26, Gas, Ki nb (C 2a) Geoc. Dist.— Coast region of California, from the heads of the Sacramento and Russian River valleys south to El Rosario, Lower California (Lat. 30°). 711. Harporhynchus lecontei (Lawr.). Leconte’s Thrasher. Toxostoma lecontei Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. V. 1852, 121. Harporhynchus lecontit Bonar. Notes Coll. Delattre, 1854, 39. ORDER PASSERES. 295 [B 254) Conga; Ri 16a, 24.] Groc. Dist.— Desert region of southern California, Nevada, and extreme southwestern Utah, from Benton, Cal. (Lat. 38°), southeast- ward through Arizona to Sonora (Lat. 30°). Local in the southern San Joaquin Valley. 712. Harporhynchus crissalis (HENRY). Crissal Thrasher. Toxostoma crissalis HENRY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117. Harporhynchus crissalis BAtRD, B, N. Am, 1858, 350. fBisgs.Cira’ Re 17) 253) Groc. Dist.— Southwestern United States, from western Texas to the Colorado Desert, California, and northern Lower California ; north to the Charleston Mountains, Nevada, and St. George, Utah. SUBFAMILY TROGLODYTINA. WRENS. Genus HELEODYTES Capsanis. Heleodytes Capanis, Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 80. Type, Furnarius griseus SWAIN. 713. Heleodytes brunneicapillus (Larr.). Cactus Wren. Picolaptes brunneicapillus LAFR. Mag. de Zool. 1835, 61, p!. 47. Heleodytes brunneicapillus FISHER, N. Am. Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, 130. PB 262) 0 43) RUSG enGa) Geroc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from the Lower Rio Grande in Texas to southern California, north to south- western Utah, and south to central Mexico. 713 a. Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti ANTHONY. Bryant’s Cactus Wren. Fleleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti ANTHONY, Auk, XI. July, 1894, 202% [B 262, part, C 43, part, R 56, part, C 63, part. ] Groce. Dist.— Northern Lower California, north into southern California. 296 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 713 6. Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis (Xantus). St. Lucas Cactus Wren. Campylorhynchus affinis XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 298. LfHeleodytes brunneicapillus afinis ANTHONY, Auk, XII. July, 1895, 280. [B—, C 44, R57, C 64.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern Lower California. Genus SALPINCTES Casanis. Salpinctes Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, 1. 323. Type, Z7oglodytes obsoletus SAY. 715. Salpinctes obsoletus (Say). Rock Wren. Troglodytes obsoletus Say, Lone’s Exp. II. 1823, 4. Salpinctes obsoletus Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, 1. 323. [B 264, C 45, R 58, C 65.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the western border of the Plains to the Pacific, north to Dakota, Montana, and British Columbia; south on the tablelands of Mexico and Guatemala to Salvador. Breeds throughout its range, and is resident from about the:southern border of the United States southward. 716. Salpinctes guadeloupensis Rivew. Guadalupe Rock Wren. Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis Ripcw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Serv. Terr. II. No. 2, April, 1876, 185. Salpinctes guadalupensis RipGw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July, ro77; OO. [B—, C—, R 584, C—] Geoc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Genus CATHERPES Barron. Catherpes Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 356. Type, Zzryothorus mex- wcanus SWAINS. ORDER PASSERES. 297 [717.] Catherpes mexicanus (Swains.). White-throated Wren. Thryothorus mexicanus Swains. Zool. Ill. 2d ser. I. 1829, pl. 11. Catherpes mexicanus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 356. [B 263, C—, R 59, C 66.] Groce. Dist.— Mexico, from Oaxaca and Orizaba northward on the tablelands. Texas (GirAupD). 717 a. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ruipcw. Canon Wren. Catherpes mexicanus var. conspersus Ripcw. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 602. [B 263, Aart, C 46, R 59a, C 67.] Groc. Dist.— Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region, from the Sierra Nevada and Cascades eastward to southern Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, and western Texas; south on the tablelands of Mexico to Aguas Calientes. Breeds nearly throughout its range; resident in the southern parts of its United States distribution. 7174. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ruivcw. Dotted Canon Wren. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ripew. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. Sept. 5, 1882, 343. [B 263, part, C 46, part, R 59, part, C 67, part.] Groc. Dist.— Oregon and California, west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada, and Lower California. Resident from central Cali- fornia southward. Genus THRYOTHORUS VIet.tor. SuBGENUS THRYOTHORUS. Thryothorus Vimitu. Analyse, 1816, 45. Type, Zroglodytes arundinaceus VIEILL. = Sylvia ludoviciana LATH. 298 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 718. Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lats#.). Carolina Wren. Sylvia ludoviciana Latu. Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 548. Thryothorus ludovicianus Bonap. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 11. [B.265, C47, R60, C:68.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New York, southern Michigan, and southern Nebraska; west to the Plains. Rare or casual in southern New England and southern Ontario. Resident nearly throughout its range. 718 a. Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis Ripew. Florida Wren. Thryothorus ludovicianus var. miamensis Ripcw. Am, Nat. IX. Aug. 1875, 469. [B 265, part, C 47, part, R 60d, C 69.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Florida. 718 4. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis SENN. Lomita Wren. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis SENN. Auk, VII. Jan. 1890, 58. [B 265, part, C 47, part, R 60, part, C 68, part. ] Geoc. Dist.— Southeastern Texas. SuBGENUS THRYOMANES ScLatTer. Thryomanes Scu. Cat. Am. B. 1861, 22. Type, Zvoglodytes bewickiz AUD. 719. Thryothorus bewickii (Auvp.). Bewick’s Wren. Troglodytes bewickit Aup. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 96, pl. 18. Thryothorus bewickit Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 11. [Bv267; (Ci48."R 6m, iC ar Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, west to the eastern border of the Plains and eastern Texas; rare east of the Alleghanies north of Maryland and Delaware; north irregularly in the Mississippi Valley to southern Minnesota. Migratory only along the northern border of its range. ORDER PASSERES. 299 719@. Thryothorus bewickii spilurus (Vic.). Vigors’s Wren. Troglodytes spilurus Vic. Zool. Voy. Bloss. 1839, 18, pl 4 fies Thryothorus bewickit var. spilurus BatRD, Rev. Am. B. I. 1864, 126, [B—, C 484, R 614, C 73.] Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of North America, from British Columbia southward to Lower California and western Mexico. Breeds nearly throughout its range; resident from central California southward. 7194. Thryothorus bewickii bairdi (Satv. & Gopm.). Baird’s Wren. Thryothorus bairdi Satv. & Govm. Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, I. April, 1880, 95. Thryothorus bewickii bairdi Rrpew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VILE 1885, 354- [B—, C 48a, R 614, C 72.] Groc. Dist.— Southern Texas, Arizona, and California east of the Sierra Nevada, north to middle Kansas, Colorado, and southern Utah, south into Mexico. Breeds throughout its range; resident from Arizona and Kansas southward. 719.1. Thryothorus leucophrys ANTHONY. San Clemente Wren. Thryothorus leucophrys ANTHONY, Auk, XII. Jan. 1895, 52. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— San Clemente Island, California. 720. Thryothorus brevicauda (Rivew.). Guadalupe Wren. Thryomanes brevicauda Rivcw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April 1, 1876, 186. Thryothorus brevicauda SHARPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. VI. 1881, 227. PE GR eae] Groc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 300 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus TROGLODYTES VIEILLor. SuscENus TROGLODYTES. Troglodytes ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 52. Type, Z: aédon VIEILL. 721. Troglodytes aedon VIEILL. House Wren. Troglodytes aédon ViEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 52, pl. 107. [Biego, 272,.C 4g, VR os nC aaa Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west to Indiana and Louisiana. Resident from the middle districts south- ward. 721a. Troglodytes aedon parkmanii (Auvp.). Parkman’s Wren. Troglodytes parkmani Auv. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 310. Troglodytes edon var. parkmanni COUES, Key, 1872, 87. [B 271, C 49a, R 63a, C 75.] Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of British Columbia, Wash- ington, Oregon, and northern California. 721 4. Troglodytes aédon aztecus Bairp. Western House Wren. Troglodytes edon var. aztecus BatRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept. 1864, 139. [B 271, part, C 49a, part, R 63a, part, C 75, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, except Pacific coast, east to Manitoba and Illinois, south into Mexico. SuBGENuS ANORTHURA RENNIE. Anorthura RENNIE, Mont. Orn. Dict. ed. 2, 1831, 570. Type, Motacilla troglodytes LINN. ORDER PASSERES. 301 722. Troglodytes hiemalis VIEILL. Winter Wren. Troglodytes hiemalis VietLtu. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXXIV. 1819, 514. [Begs © so R65) C76.) Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America generally, breeding from the northern parts of the United States northward, and in the Alleghanies south to North Carolina, and wintering from about its southern breeding limit southward. 722a. Troglodytes hiemalis pacificus Bairp. Western Winter Wren. Troglodytes hyemalis var. pacificus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept. 1864, 145. [B 273, part, C 50, part, R 65a, C 77.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast, from Sitka to southern California, and eastward to the mountains of Idaho; south, in winter, to Mexico. 723. Troglodytes alascensis Bairp. Alaskan Wren. Troglodytes alascensis BAIRD, Trans. Chic. Ac. Sci. I. 1869, 315, pla, fg.) 3. [B—, C 50a, R 66, C 78.] Geroc. Dist.— Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Genus CISTOTHORUS Capzanis. SusGENus CISTOTHORUS. Cistothorus Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 77. Type, Zroglodytes stellaris LICHT. 724, Cistothorus stellaris (LicuHT.). Short-billed Marsh Wren. Troglodytes stellaris Licut. in Naum. Vog. Deutschl. III. 1823, tab. ad p. 724. Cistothorus stellaris Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 77. 302 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 269, C 52, R 68, C 81.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to southern New Hampshire, southern Ontario, southern Michigan, and southern Manitoba, and west to the Plains. Winters in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. SuBGENUS THLMATODYTES Casaunis. Telmatodytes Cas. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 78. Type, Certhia palus- tris WILS. 725. Cistothorus palustris (WI.s.). Long-billed Marsh Wren. Certhia palustris Wits. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 58, pl. 12, fig. 4. Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris BAiRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 364. [B 268, Cisa, Bo Gr C795) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, north to Massachusetts, Ontario, and southern Manitoba, wintering from the Gulf States south to eastern Mexico, and locally as far north as southern New England. Breeds throughout its United States and British American range. 725 a, Cistothorus palustris paludicola Bairp. Tulé Wren. Cistothorus palustris, var. paludicola BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept. 1864, 148. [B 268, part, C 51, part, R 67a, C 80.] Groc. Dist.— Western United States, east to the Rocky Moun- tains and north to British Columbia; south to southern Mexico. Breeds nearly throughout its range, and winters from Oregon southward. 725 6. Cistothorus palustris griseus Brewst. Worthington’s Marsh Wren. Cistothorus palustris griseus BrRewst. Auk, X. July, 1893, 216. [B 268, part, C 51, part, R 67, part, C 79, part.| Groc. Dist.— Coast region of South Carolina and Georgia. ORDER PASSERES. 303 725.1. Cistothorus marianze ScorTT. Marian’s Marsh Wren. Cistothorus mariane Scott, Auk, V. April, 1888, 188. [B—, C—, R—, C—] Geroc. Dist.— Western Florida. Famity CERTHIID ZS. CREEPERS. Genus CERTHIA Linnuvs. Certhia Lunn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 118. Type, by elimination, C. familiaris LINN. 726. Certhia familiaris americana (Bonap.). Brown Creeper. Certhia americana Bonar. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 11. Certhia familiaris var. americana RiDGw. Bull. Essex Inst. V. 1873, 180. [B 275, C 42, R55, C 62.] Gros. Dist.-— Eastern North America, breeding from the northern and more elevated parts of the United States northward, and casually further south, migrating southward in winter. 726 a. Certhia familiaris alticola MILLER. Mexican Creeper. Certhia familiaris alticola MILLER, Auk, XII. April, 1895, 186. [B 276, C—, R55a,C—.] . Groc. Dist.— Guatemala, Mexico, and southern Arizona. 726 6. Certhia familiaris montana Rivew. Rocky Mountain Creeper. [Certhia familiaris] montana Kipew. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. July 8, 1882, 114. [B 275, part, C 42, part, R 55, part, C 62, pari.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountains, from northern Mexico to Alaska. 304 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 726 c¢. Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ripcw. Californian Creeper. [Certhia familiaris| occidentalis Ripcw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. July 8, 1882, 114. [B 275, part, C 42, part, R 55, part, C 62, part. | Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast, from California to southern Alaska. Famity PARIDAS. NvuTHATCHES AND TITs. SuBFAMILY SITTIN AS. NutTHATCHEs. Genus SITTA Linnaeus. Sitta LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 115. Type, S. europea LINN. 727. Sitta carolinensis Laru. White-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis LATH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 262. [B 277, C 38, R 51, C 57-] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States, from Georgia north to the southern British Provinces, and west to the Rocky Mountains. 727 a. Sitta carolinensis aculeata (Cass.). Slender-billed Nuthatch. Sitta aculeata Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1856, 254. Sitta carolinensis var. aculeata ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. No. 6, July. 0872, TOE. [Bi278, Cesc Rea pool Geoc. Dist.— Western North America, east to the Plains, and south into Mexico. 727 6. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi Scott. Florida White-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi Scott, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 118. ORDER PASSERES. 305 [B 277, part, C 38, part, R 51, part, C 57, part. | Geroc. Dist.— Florida, and northward along the coast to South Carolina. 728. Sitta canadensis LINN. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sitta canadensis Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 177. [B 279, C 39, R 52, C 59-] Groc. Dist.— North America at large, breeding from northern New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan north- ward, and southward in the Alleghanies, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada; in winter south to about the southern border of the United States. 729. Sitta pusilla Laru. Brown-headed Nuthatch. Sitta pusilla LatH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 263. [B 280, C go, R 53, C 60.] Geroc. Dist.— South Atlantic and Gulf States, north to southern Maryland and (casually?) Ohio, Missouri, etc. 730. Sitta pygmea Vic. Pygmy Nuthatch. Sitta pygmea Vic. Zool. Beechey’s Voy. 1839, 25, pl. 4. [B28r,'C. 41) R sa Oo] Geroc. Dist.— Western United States, from New Mexico, Colorado and Montana to southern California, Washington, and eastern British Columbia; southward in Mexico to Mt. Orizaba. 730 a. Sitta pygmzea leuconucha ANTHONY. White-naped Nuthatch. Sitta pygmea leuconucha ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d ser. LE Gets nus Tosi 77. [B 281, part, C 41, part, R 54, part, C 61, part.) Geroc. Dist.— San Pedro Mountains, Lower California. 20 306 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBFAMILY PARINZ. TiITMice. Genus PARUS LINN&US. SuBGENUS LOPHOPHANES Kavp. Lophophanes Kaur, Entw. Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 92. Type, Parus cristatus LINN. 731. Parus bicolor Linn. Tufted Titmouse. Parus bicolor Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 340. PRS 5 Cea R26. 40, Geoc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, north to northern New Jersey and southern Iowa; casual in southern New England. Resident throughout its breeding range. 73l1a. Parus bicolor texensis SENN. Texan Tufted Titmouse. Parus bicolor texensis SENN. Auk, IV. Jan. 1887, 29. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groce. Dist.— Southeastern Texas (Bee and Cameron Counties). 732. Parus atricristatus Cass. Black-crested Titmouse. Parus atricristatus Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850, 103, pl. 2. [B 286, C29 WR are a2 Geroc. Dist.— Southeastern Texas and eastern Mexico. 733. Parus inornatus Game. Plain Titmouse. Parus inornatus Games. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Aug. 1845, 265. [B 287, part, C 28, part, R 38, part, C 41, part.] Geoc. Dist.— Pacific coast of California and western Oregon. ORDER PASSERES. 307 733 a. Parus inornatus griseus Ripew. Gray Titmouse. Lophophanes inornatus griseus Rrpcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. Sept. 5, 1882, 344. Parus inornatus griseus Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 188s, 354- [B 287, part, C 28, part, R 38, part, C 41, part.) Geoc. Dist.— New Mexico and Colorado to Arizona, Nevada and California east of the Sierra Nevada. 733 4. Parus inornatus cineraceus Ripcw. Ashy Titmouse. Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus RipGw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VI. Oct. 5, 1883, 154. Parus inornatus cineraceus Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Lower California. 734, Parus wollweberi (Bonap.). Bridled Titmouse. Lophophanes wollwebert BoNAP. Compt. Rend. XXXI. Sept. 1850, 478. Parus wollweberi Henry, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855, 309. [B 288,C 30, R 39, B 43.] Groc. Dist.— Western Texas, southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and southward on the tableland of Mexico to Orizaba. SuBGENUS PARUS LINNZUS. Parus Linn. 8. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 189. Type, by elimination, P. major LINN. 735. Parus atricapillus Linn. Chickadee. Parus atricapillus Linn. 8. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 341. 308 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 290, C31, R 41,,C 44. ] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern North America, north of the Potomac and Ohio Valleys. 735 a. Parus atricapillus septentrionalis (Harris). Long-tailed Chickadee. Parus septentrionalis Harris, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1845, 300. Parus atricapillus var. septentrionalis ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1972, 574. [B 289, 289a, C 31a, R 41a, C45. | Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain Plateau region, east to Manitoba and the Plains. 735 4, Parus atricapillus occidentalis (Bairp). Oregon Chickadee. Parus occidentalis BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 391. Parus atricapillus var. occidentalis COUES, Key, 1872,*8t. [B.20%,/C 316 R arb. C46) Groc. Dist.— Northwest coast region, from northern California to Sitka. 736. Parus carolinensis Aup. Carolina Chickadee. Parus carolinensis Aup. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 341, pl. 160. [Brs93, "Cary, Rae Org.) Groc. Dist.— Southeastern States, north to New Jersey and Illi- nois, west to Missouri. 786a. Parus carolinensis agilis SENN. Plumbeous Chickadee. Parus carolinensis agilis SENN. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 46. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern and central Texas (Bee, Victoria, Cook, and Concho Counties, etc.). ORDER PASSERES. 309 737. Parus meridionalis Sct. Mexican Chickadee. Parus meridionalis Sci. P. Z. S. 1856, 293. [B 292, C—, R 43, C 879.] Groc. Dist.— Mountains of Mexico, from Orizaba north to south- ern Arizona. 738. Parus gambeli Rivew. Mountain Chickadee. Parus gambeli Rrpew. in A. O. U. Check-List, 1886, 335. LB 294), C) 32) Rigo. C48] Geroc. Dist.— Mountainous parts of the western United States, from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Sierra Nevada, north to British Columbia, Idaho, etc., and south to northern Lower California. 739. Parus cinctus obtectus (Cap.). Siberian Chickadee. Parus (Pecila) obtectus Cas. J. f. O. 1871, 237. Parus cinctus obtectus Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B—, C—, R 44, C 52.] Geoc. Dist.— Northern Alaska and eastern Siberia. 740. Parus hudsonicus Forst. Hudsonian Chickadee. Parus hudsonicus Forst. Phil. Trans. LXII. 1772, 383, 430. [B 296, C 33, R 45, C 49.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern North America, from the more elevated parts of the northern United States (northern New England, north- ern New York, northern Michigan, etc.) northward. 740 a. Parus hudsonicus stoneyi (Ripew.). Kowak Chickadee. Parus stoneyt RipGw. Man. N. Am. B. Aug. 1887, 591. Parus hudsonicus stoneyi A. O. U. Check-List, rst Suppl. 1889, 17. 310 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ey esa esta gue aly Geoc. Dist.— Valley of the Kowak River, northwestern Alaska. 7404. Parus hudsonicus columbianus Ruoaps. Columbian Chickadee. Parus hudsonicus columbianus Ruoaps, Auk, X. Jan. 1893, 23. [B 296, part, C 33, part, R 45, part, C 49, part.] Groc. Dist.— Rocky Mountains, from Liard River south into Montana. 741. Parus rufescens Towns. Chestnut-backed Chickadee. Parus rufescens Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. ii. 1837, 1g0. [B 295, part, C 34, part, R 46, C 50.] Geroc. Dist.— Coast district of Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and southern Alaska. 741 a. Parus rufescens neglectus Ripcw. California Chickadee. Parus rufescens 8. neglectus Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. April 25, 1879, 485. [B 295, fart, C 34, part, R 46a,\C 51.] Geoc. Dist.— Coast of California, from Monterey County north- ward. SUBFAMILY CHAM AINZE. WreEn-TitTs AnD Busu-TITs. Genus CHAM ZA GAMBEL. Chamea Games. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1847, 154. Type, Parus Jasciatus GAMB. 742. Chameea fasciata Games. Wren-Tit. Parus fasciatus Game. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Aug. 1845, 265. Chamea fasciata GAB. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1847, 154. ORDER PASSERES. 311 [B 274, part, C 26, part, R 35, part, C 39, part.| Groc. Dist.— Coast region of California north at least to Hum- boldt Bay. ‘ 742 a. Chamzea fasciata henshawi Ripcw. Pallid Wren-Tit. Chamea fasciata henshawi Rrpew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June Bp BOO 2h Ie [B 274, part, C 26, part, R 35, part, C 39, part.] Groc. Dist.— Interior of California, including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, from the head of the Sacramento Valley south to northern Lower California. Genus PSALTRIPARUS Bonaparrve. Psaltriparus Bonap. Compt. Rend. XXXI. 1850, 478. Type, Parus melanotis HARTL. 745. Psaltriparus minimus (Towns.). Bush-Tit. Parus minimus Towns. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. ii. 1837, 190. Psaltriparus minimus Bonap. Compt. Rend. XX XVIII. 1854, 62. [B 298, part, C 35, part, R 47, part, C 53, part.| Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region, from northern California to Washington. 743 a. Psaltriparus minimus californicus Ruipcw. California Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus minimus californicus RipGw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. April 10, 1884, 89. [B 298, part, C 35, part, R 47, part, C 53, part] Geroc. Dist.— California, except the northern coast district. 312 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 743 6. Psaltriparus minimus grindz (BELDING). Grinda’s Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus grinde Beup. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VI. Oct. 5, 1883, 155: Psaltriparus minimus grinde Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354- fi [B—,C—, E—, C—] Geoc. Dist.— Lower California. 744, Psaltriparus plumbeus Lead-colored Bush-Tit. Psaltria plumbea Barrp, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 118. Psaltriparus plumbeus BatrD, B. N. Am. 1858, 398. [B 299, C 36, R 48, C 54.] Groc. Dist.— New Mexico and Arizona, north to eastern Oregon and western Wyoming. IRD. 744.1. Psaltriparus santaritz Ripcw. Santa Rita Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus santarite Ripcw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. X. Sept. 19, 1888, 697. FR CME IE Ql aa Geroc. Dist.— Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona. 745. Psaltriparus lloydi SENNETT. Lloyd’s Bush-Tit. Psaltriparus Uoydi Senn. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 43. [B 297) C ae R 49; C 55-] Geoc. Dist.— Western Texas (mountains between Pecos River and Rio Grande), and west to eastern Sonora. Genus AURIPARUS Barrp. Auriparus BAIRD, Rev. i 8s. Type, Aigithalus flaviceps SUND. ORDER PASSERES. 313 746. Auriparus flaviceps (SuUND.). Verdin. Aigithalus flaviceps SUND. Ofv. Vet. Ak. Férh. VII. 1850, r29. Auriparus flaviceps Barrp, Rev. Am. B. I. July, 1864, 85. LB 300, (C37, Reso; C/ 56.) Groc. Dist.— Southern border of the United States, from the Valley of the Rio Grande to Arizona and southern California, north to southern Nevada and southwestern Utah, and south to Lower California, Zacatecas, and southern Tamaulipas. Resident nearly throughout its range. Famity SYLVIIDZ. Warsiers, KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS. SuBFAMILY SYLVIINAS. WaARBLERS. Genus PHYLLOPSEUSTES Meyer. Phyllopseustes Mryer, Vog. Lifl. Estl. 1815, 122. Type, Sylver sibilatrix BECHST. 747. Phyllopseustes borealis (Bias.). Kennicott’s Willow Warbler. Phyllopneuste borealis Buastus, Naumannia, 1858, 313. Phyllopseustes borealis MEvES, J. f. O. 1875, 429. [B—, C 20, R 34, C 32.] Groc. Dist.— Northeastern Asia and Alaska. SUBFAMILY REGULINAG. KINGLETS. Genus REGULUS Cuvier. Regulus Cuv. Leg. d’Anat. Comp. I. 1799-1800, tab. il. Type, Motacilla regulus LINN. 748. Regulus satrapa LICHT. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa Licut. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35. 314 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 162, part, C 22, part, R 33, C 34-] Groc. Dist.— North America generally, breeding in the northern and elevated parts of the United States and northward, migrating south in winter to Guatemala. 748 a. Regulus satrapa olivaceus Barrp. Western Goiden-crowned Kinglet. Regulus satrapa var. olivaceus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. July, 1864, 65 (in text under 2. satrapa). [B 162, part, Clee ipariwk sea. Craiey Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of North America, from Cali- fornia northward. 749. Regulus calendula (Linv.). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Motacilla calendula Linn. S. N. ed. 12, 1.1766, 337. Regulus calendula Licut. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35. [Br61,) Cran, Riso, © 33.) Geroc. Dist.— North America, south to Guatemala, north to the Arctic coast, breeding chiefly north of the United States, and in the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and the mountains of Arizona. 750. Regulus obscurus Ripcew. Dusky Kinglet. Regulus calendula obscurus RipGw. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April 1, 1876, 184. Regulus obscurus Rrpew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, IT. July, 1877, 59. [B—, C—, R 31, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. SUBFAMILY POLIOPTILINAG. GNATCATCHERS. Genus POLIOPTILA ScLaTer. Polioptila Scu. P. Z. S. 1855, 11. Type, Motacilla cerulea Linn. ORDER PASSERES. B15 751. Polioptila czerulea (Linv.). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Motacilla cerulea Linn. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 337. Polioptila cerulea Sci. P. Z. S. 1855, 11. LBra82) C23) Rag. C36.) Geroc. Dist.— Middle and southern portions of the eastern United States, south, in winter, to Guatemala, Cuba, and the Bahamas; rare north toward the Great Lakes, southern New York, and southern New England, accidental north to Massachusetts and Maine. Breeds throughout its United States range, and winters from the South Atlantic and Gulf States southward. 751 a. Polioptila czerulea obscura Ripew. Western Gnatcatcher. Polioptila cerula obscura Ripcw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. March 21, 1883, 535, foot-note. [B 282, part, C 23, part, R 27, part, C 36, part. | Geroc. Dist.— Arizona, California, Lower California, and western Mexico. 752. Polioptila plumbea Barrp. Plumbeous Gnatecatcher. Culicivora plumbea Baird, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 118. Poliwptila plumbea Baird, B. N. A. 1858, 382. [Bi283y Cian R28. 28.) Groc. Dist.— Western Texas to eastern edge of Mohave Desert and eastern coast of Lower California, 753. Polioptila californica Brewst. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. foltoptila californica BREwST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. April, 1881, 103. NBeS4y iC aa Rs iC’ 27] Geroc. Dist.— Southern California and Pacific coast of Lower California. 316 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity TURDIDZB. TurRvusHEs, SOLITAIRES, STONECHATS, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. SuBFAMILY MYADESTINA. SOo.itTaires. Genus MYADESTES Swainson. Myadestes Swatns. Nat. Libr. XIII. Flycatchers, 1838, 132. Type, M. genibarbis SwWAINs. 754. Myadestes townsendii (Auvp.). Townsend’s Solitaire. Ptiliogonys townsendii Aup. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 206, pl. 419, fig. 2. Myiadestes townsendi Cas. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, 1. 208. [Begs oC rar, \Ri25, 6 mos) Geoc. Dist.— Western United States, from the Plains westward to the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, and south, in winter, to the southern border of Arizona and northern Lower California. Breeds from the mountains of New Mexico, southern Arizona, and central California northward. SUBFAMILY TURDINA. THRUSHES. Genus TURDUS Linnaeus. SuBGENUS HYLOCICHLA Barrp. Hylocichla Bairv, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, 12. Type, Zurdus mustelinus GMEL. 755. Turdus mustelinus GMEL. Wood Thrush. Turdus mustelinus GMEL. S. N. I. li. 1788, 817. ORDER PASSERES. 317 [Bi 148, Cay) Re DG.) Groc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, north to southern Michigan, Ontario, and Massachusetts, south, in winter, to Guatemala and Cuba. Breeds from Virginia, Kentucky, and Kansas northward. 756. Turdus fuscescens STEPH. Wilson’s Thrush. Turdus fuscescens STEPH. Gen. Zool. X. i. 1817, 182. PB nee, Cgn Ria C9. Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the Plains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, Anticosti, and Newfoundland. Breeds from northern New Jersey and the northern part of the Lake States northward; winters sparingly in Florida, but chiefly south of the United States. 756 a. Turdus fuscescens salicicola (Ripc¢w.). Willow Thrush. fylocichla fuscescens salicicola Rrpcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. IV. April 6, 1882, 374. Turdus fuscescens salicicola COuES, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 246. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia, east to Dakota, occasionally to Illinois, casually to South Carolina; in winter south to southern Brazil. 757. Turdus alicize Barrp. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Turdus alice BARD, B. N. Am. 1858, 217. [Bing4, Cgey Rs. ©. 12,] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, west to the Plains, Alaska, and eastern Siberia, north to the Arctic coast, south, in winter, to Costa Rica. Breeds chiefly north of the United States. 757 a. Turdus aliciz bicknelli (Ripnew.). Bicknell’s Thrush. Hylocichla alicia bicknelli Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. IV. April 6, 1882, 377. Turdus alicia bicknelli Couts, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 248. 318 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 154, part, C 5a, part, R 3, part, C 12, part.] Groce. Dist.— Mountainous parts of the northeastern States (Cat- skills, White Mountains, etc.) and Nova Scotia, migrating south in winter. 758. Turdus ustulatus Nort. Russet-backed Thrush. Turdus ustulatus Nutr. Man. Orn. Land. B. ed. 2, 1840, 830 (cestulatus, err. typ. p. 400). (Biba 2, Wee) Ras aah Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast region of North America, from Alaska to California, south in winter to northern Lower California, Mexico, and Guatemala. 753 a. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii (Caz.). Olive-backed Thrush. Turdus swainsoni Cas. Fauna Per. 1845-46, 187. Turdus ustulatus B. swainsont Ripcw. Field & Forest, II. May, 1877, 195. PBix53, C5, R 4a, (C.13.] Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, and westward to the Upper Columbia River and East Humboldt Mountains, straggling to the Pacific coast. Southward in winter to Cuba, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Casualin Bermuda. BHreeds in the northern Alleghanies, the Catskills, the mountainous parts of southern New England, southern Sierra Nevada, and northward. 759. Turdus aonalaschkz GMEL. Dwarf Hermit Thrush. Turdus aonalaschke GMEL. 8S. N. I. ii. 1788, 808. (B 156, C 4b "Riis Cys. 4 Groce. Dist.— Pacific Coast region, from Alaska to Lower Cali- fornia and western Mexico, east during migrations, to Nevada and Arizona. Breeds from the southern Sierra Nevada in California northward. ORDER PASSERES. 319 759 a. Turdus aonalaschkz auduboni (Bairp). Audubon’s Hermit Thrush. Turdus auduboni BairD, Rev. Am. B. June, 1864, 16. Zurdus aonalaschke audubont Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. March 27, 1880, 1. [B 149@, C 4a, R 5a, C g. | Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain region, from near the northern border of the United States south to the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala, west to the mountains of Arizona and southern Cali- fornia. 7595. Turdus aonalaschke pallasii (Cas.). Hermit Thrush. Turdus pallasii Cas. Wiegm. Archiv. 1847, i. 205. Turdus aonalaschke pallast Ripcw. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March 27, 1880, 1. (Bix49)' Cia, Ro5e,°C ro.) Geoc. Dist.— Eastern North America, breeding from the northern Alleghanies, the mountainous parts of southern New England, southern New York, and northern Michigan, etc., northward, and wintering from the Northern States southward. SusGENUus TURDUS LINNzUws. Turdus Linn. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 168. Type, by elimination, TZ. viscivorus LINN. [760.] Turdus iliacus Linn. Red-winged Thrush. Turdus ilacus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 168. [B—, C—, R 6, C 4.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern parts of the Old World; accidental in Greenland. Genus MEBRULA LeEacu. Merula LrEacu, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 20. Type, Turdus merula LINN. 320 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 761. Merula migratoria (Liny.). American Robin. Turdus migratorius LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 292. Merula migratoria Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368. [B 155, part, C 1, part, R 7, C1.] Groc. Dist.— Eastern North America to the Rocky Mountains, including eastern Mexico and Alaska. Breeds from Virginia and Kansas northward to the Arctic coast; winters from southern Canada and the Northern States (irregularly) southward. Casual in Bermuda. Accidental in Europe. 761 a. Merula migratoria propinqua Ripew. Western Robin. T(urdus| propinguus Ripew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. Jan. 1877, 9. Merula migratoria propingua Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 166. [B. 155, part, Cit, part, R7a, C2.) Groc. Dist.— Western United States, from the eastern®base of the Rocky Mountains westward, and south to northern Lower Cali- fornia and the tablelands of Mexico. 762. Merula confinis (Bairp). St. Lucas Robin. Turdus conjinis BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, 29. Merula confinis Ripew. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 166. PBC reeR ee Gal Geroc. Dist.— Cape region of Lower California; accidental at Hayward, California. Genus HESPEROCICHLA Bairp. Hesperocicthla BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, 12. Type, Turdus nevius GMEL, ORDER PASSERES. 321 763. Hesperocichla nzvia (GMEL.). Varied Thrush. Turdus nevius GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 817. Hesperocithla nevia Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 166. By 5 Gg a. Qo Ones) Groc. Dist.— Pacific coast of North America, from Bering Strait to southern California. Accidental on Guadalupe Island, Lower California, and in New Jersey, Long Island, and Massachusetts. Genus CYANECULA Breum. Cyanecula BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1280. Type, Motacilla suecica LINN. [764.] Cyanecula suecica (Linv.). Red-spotted Bluethroat. Motacilla suecica LINN. S. N. ed. to, I. 1758, 187. Cyanecula suecica BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1280. [B—, C—, R 20, C 31.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern parts of the Old World; casual in Alaska. Genus SAXICOLA BEcHSTEIN. Saxicola BecustT. Orn. Taschb. 1803, 216. Type, MMotacilla enanthe LINN. 765. Saxicola cenanthe (Linvy.). Wheatear. Motacilla enanthe LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 186. Saxicola enanthe BECHST. Orn. Taschb. 1803, 217. LE ee reg ak C36. | Groce. Dist.— Europe, North Africa, Asia, Alaska, Greeenland, and Labrador, straggling southward to Nova Scotia, Maine, Long Island, and Bermuda. Accidental at New Orleans, La. 21 322 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus SIALIA Swainson. Sialia Swatns. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 369. Type, Motacilla sialis LINN. 766. Sialia sialis (Liyy.). Bluebird. Motacilla sialis Linn. 8. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 187. Sialia sialis HALDEM. TREGO’s Geog. Penn. 1843, 77. [B 158, C 16, R 22, C 27.] Geroc. Dist.— Eastern United States to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, south, in winter, from the Middle States to the Gulf States and Cuba. Bermuda, resident. 766 a. Sialia sialis azurea (SwaINs.). Azure Bluebird. Sialia agurea BAtRD, Rev. Am. B. July, 1884, 62. Sialia sialis var. azurea B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. I. Jan. 1874, 62. Pee Oe ay OS Groc. Dist.— Southern Arizona and eastern Mexico. 767. Sialia mexicana occidentalis (Towns.). Western Bluebird. Sialia occidentalis Towns. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, 188. Sialia mexicana occidentalis Ripcw. Auk, XI. April, 1894, 151, 154. [B 159, part, C 17, part, R 23, part, C 28, part.] Geroc. Dist.— Pacific coast, from British Columbia to southern California, east to western Nevada, and casually, during migrations, to New Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 323 767 a. Sialia mexicana bairdi Ripcw. Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Stalia mexicana bairdi Ripew. Auk, XI. April, 1894, 151, 157. [B 159, part, C 17, part, R 23, part, C 28, part.| Geoc. Dist.— Rocky Mountain district, south to northern Mexico. 767 6. Sialia mexicana anabelze AnrTHony. San Pedro Bluebird. Sialia mexicana anabele ANTHONY, Proc. Cal, Acad. Sci. 2d Ser. II. Oct. 1889, 79. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. 768. Sialia arctica Swains. i Mountain Bluebird. Erythaca (Sialia) arctica Swatns. in Sw. & Ricu. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 209, pl. 39. [B 160, C 18, R 24, C 29.] Groc. Dist.— Western North America (chiefly the interior), from the western parts of the Plains to the Pacific, north to Great Slave Lake, south to northern Mexico. BY POIRETICAL LSE.’ FamMiLty PODICIPID Ai. 1. Aichmophorus clarkii (Lawr.). Clark’s Grebe. Podiceps clarkii LAwR. in Barrv’s B. N. Am. 1858, 895. Aachmophorus clarkit Cours, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 229. [B 705, C 608a, R 730, C 846. ] Probably the female of 2. occidentalis (Lawr.). (Cf HENSHAW, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, pp. 214-218; B. B. & R., Water B. N. Am. II. p. 423; and especially Bryant, Auk, II. 1885, PP. 313, 314.) Famity ALCIDZ. 2. Cepphus motzfeldi (BENIcK.). Black-winged Guillemot. Uria motzfeldi BENICK. Isis, Aug. 1824, 889. Cepphus motzfeldi StEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Aug. 5, 1884, 210. (Bee Sy Res ou North American, but its specific validity not satisfactorily estab- lished. (C/ Steyn. 7. c., and Water B. N. Am. IT. 1884, pp. 497, 498.) 1 Consisting of species which have been recorded as North American, but whose status as North American birds is doubtful, either from lack of positive evidence of their occurrence within the prescribed limits of the present Check-List, or from absence of satisfactory proof of their validity as species. 326 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 3. Cepphus carbo PALL. Sooty Guillemot. Cepphus carbo Pau. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 350. [B 728, C 633, R 762, C 873.] No evidence of its occurrence in North America. (Cf STEJN. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1884, pp. 225-227.) Famity LARIDZ. Genus CREAGRUS Bon. Creagrus BON. Naumannia, 1854, 211. Type, Larus furcatus NEBOUX. 4. Creagrus furcatus (NEB.). Swallow-tailed Gull. Larus furcatus NEB. Voy. ‘Venus,’ Atias, pl. ro (1846). Creagrus furcatus Bonap. Naumannia, 1854, 213. [B 679, C 559, R 678, C 791] In all probability erroneously accredited to North America. At least nine examples are now known,— the type, said to be from Monterey, Cal., three from the Galapagos, one from the coast of Peru, and four from Malpelo Island (Lat. 3° 59’ N., Long. 81° 343! W.). Famity DIOMEDEID A. 4.1. Diomedea exulans Linn. Wandering Albatross. Diomedea exulans LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 132. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Southern oceans; said to have occurred in Tampa Bay, Florida, and off coast of Washington. (Cf Cours, Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 387; XII. April, 1895, 178; RrpGway, Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 51. The Florida record is open to question, and the others are unsatisfactory.) HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 327 Famity PROCELLARIIDZ. 5. Puffinus kuhlii (Bote). Cinereous Shearwater. Procellaria kuhlii Bork, Isis, 1835, 257- Pufinus kuhlii Bonar. Consp. II. 1856, 202. (BV arn,./C\ 506, 8 208.0) 830i) An Eastern Atlantic species, of which no American specimens are known to exist in collections. 6. Oceanodroma hornbyi (Gray). Hornby’s Petrel. Thalassidroma hornbyi GRAY, P. Z. 8. 1853, 62. Oceanodroma hornbyi Bonap. Consp. II. 1856, 195. (BiGary. Crikga. Ri 727. C827] A very distinct species, of which only one specimen has been obtained, the alleged locality being the “ northwest coast of America.” Famity PHALACROCORACID&. 7. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pa... Pallas's Cormorant. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus PALu. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 305. PBié2n C533. bas, /Cigso.) Believed, on good evidence, to be now extinct, as it unquestion- ably is in the locality (Bering Island) where originally discovered. Only four specimens are known to exist in collections, —two in the St. Petersburgh Museum and one each in the Leyden and British Museums. Evenif existing, it has no valid claim to a place in the North American fauna. (Cf. Steyn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VI. 1883, p. 65.) Famity ARDEID ZA. . 9. Ardea wuerdemanni Barrp. Wurdemann’s Heron. Ardea wirdemanni Bairp, B. N. Am. 1858, 669. 328 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B 488, C 450, R 486, part, C 656, part.] Believed to be either the colored phase of 4. occidentalis AUD., or an abnormal specimen of 4. wardi Ripcw. (Cf Ripew. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 1, 1878, pp. 229-236; Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. 1882, pp. 1-6; Auk, I. 1884, pp. 161-163; Water B. N. Am. I. 1884, pp. 7-13.) 10. Ardea (Dichromanassa) pealei Bonap. Peale’s Egret. Ardea pealet Bonap. Ann, Lyc. N. Y. II. 1826, 154. [B 482, C 355, part, R 491, part, C 661, part.| Supposed to be the white phase of 4. rufescens GMEL., but possibly entitled to recognition as a local or geographical race. FamMILy SCOLOPACID £44. 11. Tringa (Actodromas) cooperi Bairp. Cooper’s Sandpiper. Tringa cooperi BairD, B. N. Am. 1858, 716. [B 527, C 422, R 535, C 618.] Known only from the single specimen from which the species was originally described, taken on Long Island, in May, 1833, and still extant in the National Museum. The status of the species is in doubt. 11.1. Numenius arquatus (LINN.). European Curlew. Scolopax arquata LINN. Syst. Nat. I. 1758, 145. Numenius arqguatus LatH. Gen. Syn. Suppl. I. 1787, 291. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Northern Europe, migrating to southern Africa. Recorded as occurring on Long Island, N.Y. (C4 MarsHaLi and DutcHeEr, Auk, IX. Oct. 1892, 390-392.) While there is no question as to the proper identification of the specimen, the evidence that it was taken on Long Island is not considered entirely satis- factory. HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 329 Famity CATHARTIDZ. Genus GYPAGUS VIEILLOT. Gypagus Viettt. Analyse, 1816, 21. Type, by elimination, Vultur papa LINN. 12. Gypagus papa (LINN.). King Vulture. Vultur papa Linn. S. N. ed. ro, I. 1758, 86. Gypagus papa VIEILL. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. XXXVI. 1819, 456. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Tropical continental America. Recorded as occur- ring on the Rio Verde, Arizona, but its identity not satisfactorily determined. (C% Coves, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, p. 248.) 13. Cathartes burrovianus Cass. Burroughs’s Turkey Vulture. Cathartes burrovianus Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. 1845, 212. [B4,C—, R—, C—.] Groc. Dist.— Mexico and eastern South America. Reported as having been seen near Brownsville, Texas. (Cf DressEr, Ibis, 1865, p. 322.) FaMILy FALCONID ZA. 14. Buteo cooperi Cass. Cooper's Henhawk. Buteo cooperi Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIII. 1856, 253. [B 29, C 349, R 437, C 514.] Probably the light phase of B. arlani Aup. (Cf Ripew. Auk, I. 1884, pp. 253, 254; tid., II. 1885, pp. 165, 166.) 330 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity PSITTACID 4. Genus RHYNCHOPSITTA Bonaparte. Rhynchopsitta Bonar. Rev. et Mag. Zool. VI. 1854, 149. Type, Macrocercus pachyrhynchus Swains. 16. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Swains.). Thick-billed Parrot. Macrocercus pachyrhynchus Swans. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 439. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha BonaP. Rev. et Mag. Zool. VI. 1854, 149. [B 64, C —, R 391, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Mexico. ‘There is said to be a specimen in “the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, labelled Rio Grande, Texas, J. W. Audubon,” but there is doubt as to whether the specimen was really taken within the limits of the United States. (Cf Bairp, Birds N. Am. 1858, p. 66, foot-note; Ripcw. Man. N. Am. B, 1887, 269.) Its occurrence in Texas is not improbable but the evidence is unsatisfactory. Famity CAPRIMULGID&. 16.1. Chordeiles virginianus sennetti (CovEs). Sennett’s Nighthawk. Chordiles popetue sennetti Cours, Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 37. Chordeiles virginianus sennetti CHAMBERLAIN, Systematic Table of Canadian Birds, 1888, Appendix A. p. 14. [B 115, part, C 2674, part, R 3674, part, C 400, part.] Groce. Dist.— “ Dakota to Texas, in any treeless country.” Famity FRINGILLIDZ. 17. Acanthis brewsterii Ripcw. Brewster’s Linnet. igiothus (flavirostris var.) brewsterit RipGw. Am. Nat. July, 1872, 433. Acanthis brewsterit RripGw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B—, C 147, R 180, C 211.] HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 331 The type-specimen, taken at Waltham, Mass., remains unique. It cannot be identified with any known species, but may be a hybrid between Acanthis linaria and Spinus pinus. (Cf. BREwsT. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, p. 225.) 18. Spiza townsendii (Avp.). Townsend’s Bunting. Emberiza townsendit Auv. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 183. Spiza townsendii Ripcw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 182. [Big7o, C192, Rags, C)288.| The original specimen, taken May 11, 1833, in Chester County, Pa., by Mr. J. K. Townsend, remains unique. Its peculiarities can- not be accounted for by hybridism, nor probably by individual varia- tion. FaMILy VIREONIDZ. Genus HYLOPHILUS Temmincx. HHylophilus Tem. Pl. Col. III. Livr. 29, 1823, text, and pl. 173, fig. 1. Type, 4. thoracicus TEMM. 19. Hylophilus decurtatus (Bonap.). Short-winged Hylophilus. Sylvicola decurtata BonaP. P. Z. S. 1837, 118. Lylophilus decurtatus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. 1866, 380. [B—, C—, R—, C—.] Geroc. Dist.— Mexico and Central America, to Isthmus of Panama. Southern Texas? (Helinai brevipennis Giraup, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1850, 40. ‘Mexico and Texas.’’) Famity MNIOTILTID 4. 20. Helminthophila lawrencei (HERRICK). Lawrence’s Warbler. Helminthophaga lawrencei Herrick, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1874, 220, pl. 15. Helminthophila lawrencei Ripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club. VII. Jan. 1882, 53. 332 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [B—, C—, R 80, C g9.] About a dozen specimens have been taken, chiefly in New Jersey and southern Connecticut. Supposed to be a hybrid between HZ. pinus and H. chrysoptera. (Cf. Ripew. Ibis, 1876, p. 169 ; Brewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, pp. 218-225 ; Eames, Auk, VI. 1889, pp. 305-310.) 21. Helminthophila leucobronchialis (Brewsr.). Brewster’s Warbler. Flelminthophaga leucobronchialis BRewst. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I. Jan. 1876, 1, plate. LHelminthophila leucobronchialis Ripcw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VIL Jan, 1832,153. [B—, C —, R 82, C 100.] Known from numerous specimens, taken in Southern New Eng- land, Lower Hudson Valley, New Jersey, Virginia, Michigan, etc. Supposed to be a hybrid between . pimus and HZ. chrysoptera. (Cf. BrewstT. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, pp. 218-225 ; RipGw. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, pp. 359-363 ; Eames, Auk, VI. 1889, pp. 305-310.) 22. Helminthophila cincinnatiensis (LAncp.). Cincinnati Warbler. Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis LANGD. Jour. Cine. Soc. N. H. July, 1880, 119, 120, pl. 4. Helminthophila cincinnatiensis Rripcw. Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. [B—, C—, R—, C ro1.] One specimen taken near Cincinnati, Ohio. Probably a hybrid between H. pinus and Geothlypis (Oporornis) formosa. (Cf. Rrpew. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V. 1880, p. 237.) 23. Dendroica (Perissoglossa ?) carbonata (Aup.). Carbonated Warbler. Sylvia carbonata Aup. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 308, pl. 60. Dendroica carbonata BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 287. Perissoglossa carbonata B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B, I. Jan. 1874, 214. HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 333 [B 207, C—, R91, C—.] Known only from Audubon’s plate and description of two speci- mens killed near Henderson, Kentucky, in May, 1811. 24. Dendroica montana (WILS.). Blue Mountain Warbler. Sylvia montana Wiis. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 113, pl. 44, fig. 2. Dendroica montana BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 278. [B 199, C—, R 112, C—.] Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Taken in the Blue Mountains of Virginia. Not as yet satisfactorily identified with any other species. 25. Sylvania (?) microcephala Rivew. Small-headed Warbler. Sylvania microcephala Ripew. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354. (= Muscicapa minuta Wits. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 62, pl. 1, fig. 5, nec GMEL., 1788.) [B 212, C—, R 126, C—.] Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Claimed to have been taken in New Jersey and Kentucky. Famity SYLVIIDZ. 26. Regulus cuvierii Aup. Cuvier’s Kinglet. Regulus cuvierti AupD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 288, pl. 55. [B 163, C—, R 32, C—.] Known only from Audubon’s description and figure of the original specimen, killed in June, 1812, on the banks of the Schuylkill River, in Pennsylvania. + i Wray AN ‘ / : sana ven THE FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. A.— JURASSIC. 1. Laopteryx priscus Marsu. Laopteryx priscus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XXI. 1881, 341. Upper Jurassic beds of Wyoming. B. — CRETACEOUS.’ 2. Apatornis celer Marsu. Ichthyornis celer Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 74. Apatornis celery MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 162. Middle Cretaceous of western Kansas. 3. Baptornis advenus Marsu. Baptornis advenus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XIV. 1877, 86. Cretaceous of western Kansas, in the same beds with Odontor- nithes and Pteranodontia. 4. Cimolopteryx rarus Marsu. Cimolopteryx rarus MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIV. 1892, 175, ply iene, Laramie beds of Wyoming. 5. Cimolopteryx retusus Marsu. Cimolopteryx retusus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIV. 1892, 175. Laramie beds of Wyoming. 1The genera alphabetically arranged. 336 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 6. Coniornis altus Marsu. Coniornis altus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XLV. 1893, 82. Cretaceous of Montana, near mouth of Judith River. 7. Graculavus velox Marsu. Graculavus velox Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 363. Greensand of the middle marl bed, or Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. 8. Graculavus pumilus Mars. Graculavus pumilus Marsu, Am. Journ, Sci. III. 1872, 364. Greensand of the middle marl bed, or Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. 9. Hesperornis regalis Marsu. Hesperornis regalis Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 56. Pteranodon beds of western Kansas. 10. Hesperornis crassipes Marsu. Lestornis crassipes Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XI. 1876, 509. Hesperornis crassipes Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 196, figs. 40 a—d, pls. vil, xvii. Yellow chalk of the Pteranodon beds, western Kansas. 11. Hesperornis gracilis Marsu. Hesperornis gracilis Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XI. 1876, 510. Yellow chalk of the Pteranodon beds, western Kansas. 12. Ichthyornis dispar Marsu. Ichthyornis dispar Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 344. Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, northwestern Kansas. FOSSIL BIRDS. 337 13. Ichthyornis agilis Marsu. Graculavus agilis Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 230. Ichthyornis agilis Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 197. Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, western Kansas. 14. Ichthyornis anceps Marsu. Graculavus anceps Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 364. Ichthyornis anceps Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 198. Gray shale of the Middle Cretaceous, Smoky Hill River, western Kansas. 15. Ichthyornis lentus Marsu. Graculavus lentus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XIV. 1877, 253. Ichthyornis lentus Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 198. Middle Cretaceous beds, near Fort McKinney, Texas. 16. Ichthyornis tener Marsu. Lchthyornis tener Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pl. xxx. fig. 8. Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, Wallace County, Kansas. 17. Ichthyornis validus Marsu. Lchthyornis validus Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pl. xxx. figs. 11-14. Yellow chalk of the Middle Cretaceous, near Solomon River, northwestern Kansas. 18. Ichthyornis victor Marsu. Lchthyornis victor Marsu, Am. Journ, Sci. XI. 1876, srr. Middle Cretaceous of Kansas, in various localities. 19. Laornis edvardsianus Marsu. Laornis edvardsianus Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, s. Middle marl bed, Upper Cretaceous, Birmingham, New Jersey. 22 338 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 20. Palzeotringa littoralis Marsu. Paleotringa littoralis Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5. Greensand of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. 21. Paleotringa vagans Marsu. Paleotringa vagans MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 365. Greensand of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. 22. Palzotringa vetus Marsu. Scolopax Morton, Syn. Organic Remains of the Cret. U.S. 1834, 32- Paleotringa vetus Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5. Lower marl bed of the Cretaceous formation, near Arneytown, New Jersey. 28. Telmatornis priscus Marsu. Telmatornis priscus Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5. Middle marl bed of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. 24. Telmatornis affinis Marsu. Telmatornis affinis Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5. Middle marl beds of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey. C.— TERTIARY. SupcLass RATITA. 25. Gastornis giganteus (Cope). Diatryma gigantea Cope, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1876, 11. Gastornis giganteus CouES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 825. Wahsatch Epoch, Eocene of New Mexico. Ul FOSSIL BIRDS. 339 26. Barornis regens MarsH. Barornis regens Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. XLVIII. 1894, 344. Eocene of New Jersey, near Squantum, N. J. SupcLass CARINAT-. OrpER PYGOPODES. 27. Uria antiqua (Marsx). Catarractes antigua MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 213. Uria antigua Cours, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 1, 1886, 363. Miocene of North Carolina. 28. Uria affinis (MarsH). Catarractes affinis Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 259. Uria affinis Cours, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 1, 1886, 363. Post-pliocene of Maine. OrpER LONGIPENNES. 29. Larus robustus SHUFELDT. Larus robustus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 398, pl. XV, fig. 1, 2. Pliocene of Oregon. 30. Larus oregonus SHUFELDT. Larus oregonus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 398. Pliocene of Oregon. 340 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrpER TUBINARES. 31. Puffinus conradii Marsu. Pufinus conradit MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 212. Miocene of Maryland. OrDER STEGANOPODES. 52. Sula loxostyla Cope. Sula loxostyla Corr, Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. XIV. 1870, 236. Miocene of North Carolina. 33, Phalacrocorax idahensis (Marsu). Graculus idahensis Marsu, Am, Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 216. Phatacrocorax tdahensis Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 824. Pliocene of Idaho. 34, Phalacrocorax macropus (Cope). Graculus macropus Cope, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2, 1878, 386. Phatacrocorax macropus CouES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 824. Pliocene of Oregon. FOSSIL BIRDS. 341 OrpER ANSERES. 35. Anser condoni SHUFELDT. Anser condont: SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 406. Pliocene of Oregon. 36. Branta hypsibatus (Corr). Anser hypsibatus Cork, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2, 1878, 387. Branta hypsibates Cours, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. 1, 1886, 364. 37. Branta propinqua SHUFELDT. Branta propingua SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. PSOZ NAOT, Pla RVy, 1.) 07s Pliocene of Oregon. 38. Cygnus paloregonus Cope. Cygnus paloregonus Cope, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2, 1878, 338. Pliocene of Oregon. ORDER ODONTOGLOSSE. 39. Phoenicopterus copei SHUFELDT. Phenicopterus copet SAUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat.’ Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 410, pl. xv, fig. 41-43, pl. xvii, fig. 28, 29, 38. Pliocene of Oregon. OrpDER HERODIONES. 40. Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT. Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 411, pl. xvil. fig. 31. Pliocene of Oregon. 342 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrvER PALUDICOL. 41. Grus haydeni Marsu. Grus haydeni MarsH, Am. Journ, Sci. XLIX. 1870, 214. Pliocene of Nebraska. 42. Grus proavus Marsu. Grus proavus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 261. Post-pliocene of New Jersey. 43. Fulica minor SHUFELDT. Fulica minor SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, Are: \ pl. xvil. fie. 32) Pliocene of Oregon. 44. Aletornis nobilis Marsu. Aletornis nobilis MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 256. Eocene of Wyoming. 45, Aletornis pernix Marsu. Aletornis pernix MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 256. Eocene of Wyoming. 46. Aletornis venustus Marsu. Aletornis venustus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 257. Eocene of Wyoming. 47. Aletornis gracilis Marsu. Aletornis gracilis MarsH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 258. Eocene of Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 343 48. Aletornis bellus Marsu. Aletornis bellus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 258. Eocene of Wyoming. OrvER LIMICOL/. 49, Charadrius sheppardianus Cope. Charadrius sheppardianus Core, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ViINo 2 18817182. (Formation and locality not given.) OrpER GALLINZ. 50. Paleeotetrix gilli SHUFELDT. Paleotetrix gilli SHurELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, Aegy pl. eval. fie.) 37. Pliocene of Oregon. 51. Pedioczetes lucasi SHUFELDT. Pediocetes lucasi SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 414, pl. xvii. fig. 30. Pliocene of Oregon. 52. Pedioczetes nanus SHUFELDT. Pediocetes nanus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 414, pl. xvii. fig. 36, 37. Pliocene of Oregon. 53. Meleagris antiquus Marsu. Meleagris antiquus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. I]. 1871, 126. Miocene of Colorado. 344 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 54. Meleagris altus Marsu. Meleagris altus Marsu, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 11. Post-pliocene of New Jersey. 55. Meleagris celer Marsu. Meleagris celer Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. 1872, 261. Post-pliocene of New Jersey. ORDER RAPTORES. 56. Paleeoborus umbrosus Cope. Cathartes umbrosus Copx, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1874, 151. Paleoborus umbrosus COuES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 822. Pliocene of New Mexico. 57. Bubo leptosteus Marsu. Bubo leptosteus Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 1871, 126. Lower Tertiary of Wyoming. 58. Aquila danana Marsu. Aquila danana Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 1871, 125. Pliocene of Nebraska. 59. Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT. Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 416, pl. xvii. fig. 33. Pliocene of Oregon. 60. Aquila sodalis SHUFELDT. Aguila sodalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, ry ey Pliocene of Oregon. FOSSIL BIRDS. 345 OrpDER COCCYGES. 61. Uintornis lucaris Marsu. Uintornis lucaris Marsu, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 259. Lower Tertiary formation of Wyoming. OrpER PASSERES. 62. Corvus annectens SHUFELDT. Corvus annectens SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 419, pl. xv. fig. 14-16. Pliocene of Oregon. 63. Scolecophagus affinis SHUFELDT. Scolecophagus afinis SHuFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892, 418, pl. xv. fig. ro. Pliocene of Oregon. 64. Palzeospiza bella ALLEN. Palaospiza bella ALLEN, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2, 1878, 443, pli. figs. 1, 2. Insect-bearing shales of Florissant, Colorado. Phe NK eee ACANTHIS, 217. brewsterii, 330. hornemannii, 217. hornemannii exilipes, 217. linaria, 217. linaria holbeellii, 217. linaria rostrata, 218. Accipiter, 128. atricapillus, 129. atricapillus striatulus, 129. cooperi, 128. velox, 128. Accipitrine, 126. Actitis, 96. macularia, 97. Actochelidon, 23. Actodromas, 87. /&chmophorus, I. clarkii, 325. occidentalis, I. fXgialitis, 100. dubia, Tot. hiaticula, rol. meloda, Iot. meloda circumcincta, IOI. mongola, 102. montana, 103. nivosa, 102. semipalmata, 100. vocifera, I00. wilsonia, 102. Aéronautes, 172. melanoleucus, 172. Aésalon, 138. fAstrelata, 34. fisheri, 34. hasitata, 34. scalaris, 34. Agelaius, 204. gubernator, 205. phceniceus, 204. pheeniceus bryanti, 205. pheeniceus sonoriensis, 205. tricolor, 205. INDEX. Aix, 52. Aix sponsa, 52. Ajaja, 66. ajaja, 67. Alauda, 191. arvensis, 191. Alaudidz, 191. Albatross, Black-footed, 28. Short-tailed, 28. Sooty, 29. Wandering, 326. Yellow-nosed, 28. Alca, 12. torda, 12. Alcedinidz, 156. Alcide, 5, 325. Alcine, II. Alcyones, 156. Aletornis bellus, 343. gracilis, 342. nobilis, 342. pernix, 342. venustus, 342. Alle, 13. alle, 13. Allin, 13. Amazilia, 177. cerviniventris, 177. fuscicaudata, 177. Ammodramus, 223, 227. bairdii, 226. beldingi, 225. caudacutus, 227. caudacutus nelsoni, 227. caudacutus subvirgatus, 228. henslowii, 226. henslowii occidentalis, 227. leconteli, 227. maritimus, 228. maritimus peninsulz, 228. maritimus sennetti, 228. nigrescens, 229. princeps, 223. rostratus, 225. 348 Ammodramus rostratus guttatus, 225. sandwichensis, 224. sandwichensis alaudinus, 224. sandwichensis bryanti, 224. sandwichensis savanna, 224. savannarum passerinus, 226. savannarum perpallidus, 226. Ampelide, 260. Ampelinze, 260. Ampelis, 260. cedrorum, 260. garrulus, 260. Amphispiza, 237. belli, 238. belli cinerea, 238. belli nevadensis, 238. bilineata, 237. Anas, 48. americana, 49. boschas, 48. carolinensis, 50. crecca, 50. cyanoptera, 51. discors, 50. fulvigula, 48. fulvigula maculosa, 49. obscura, 48. penelope, 49. strepera, 49. Anatide, 47. Anatine, 48. Ancylocheilus, go. Anhinga, 41. anhinga, 41. Anhingide, 41. Ani, 153. Groove-billed, 153. Anorthura, 300. Anous, 27. stolidus, 27. Anser, 61. albifrons, 61. albifrons gambeli, 61. condoni, 340. Anseres, 47. Anserine, 60. Anthus, 289. cervinus, 290. pensilvanicus, 289. pratensis, 290. spragueli, 290. Antrostomus, 168. carolinensis, 168. vociferus, 168. vociferus macromystax, 169. Apatornis celer, 335. Aphelocoma, 196. INDEX. Aphelocoma californica, 197. californica hypoleuca, 197. californica obscura, 197. cyanotis, 197. floridana, 196. insularis, 197. sieberii arizonz, 198. woodhousei, 196. Aphriza, 103. virgata, 103. Aphrizide, 103. Aphrizine, 103. Aquila, 135. chrysaétos, 135. danana, 344. pliogryps, 344. sodalis, 344. Aramide, 76. Aramus, 76. giganteus, 76. Archibuteo, 134. ferrugineus, 135. lagopus, 134. lagopus sancti-johannis, 134. Arctonetta, 56. fischeri, 56. Ardea, 70. candidissima, 72. cinerea, 71. cerulea, 73. egretta, 71. herodias, 71. occidentalis, 71. paloccidentalis, 341. pealei, 328. rufescens, 72. tricolor ruficollis, 72. virescens, 73. virescens frazari, 73. wardi, 71. wuerdemanni, 327. Ardeidz, 69, 327. Ardeinz, 70. Ardetta, 70. exilis, 70. neoxena, 70. Arenaria, 103. interpres, 103. melanocephala, 104. Arenariinz, 103. Arquatella, 87. Asio, 142. accipitrinus, 142. wilsonianus, 142. Astur, 128. Asturina, 134. plagiata, 134. Asyndesmus, 165. Auk, Great, 13. Razor-billed, 12. Auklet, Cassin’s, 7. Crested, 7. Least, 8. Paroquet, 7. Rhinoceros, 6. Whiskered, 8. Auriparus, 312. flaviceps, 313. Avocet, American, 83. Aythya, 52. affinis, 53. americana, 52. collaris, 53. marila nearctica, 53. vallisneria, 53. BALDPATE, 49. Baptornis advenus, 335. Barornis regens, 339. Bartramia, 96. longicauda, 96. Basileuterus, 288. belli, 288. culicivorus, 288. Basilinna, 178. leucotis, 178. xantusi, 178. Becard, Xantus’s, 179. Bird, Man-of-War, 46. Red-billed Tropic, 39. Surf, 103. Yellow-billed Tropic, 39. Bittern, American, 70. Cory’s Least, 70. Least, 70. Blackbird, Bicolored, 205. Brewer’s, 209. Red-winged, 204. Rusty, 209. Tricolored, 205. Yellow-headed, 204. Bluebird, 322. Azure, 322. Chestnut-backed, 323. Mountain, 323. San Pedro, 322. Western, 322. Bluethroat, Red-spotted, 321. Bobolink, 202. | Bob-white, 106. Florida, 106. Masked, 107. Texan, 107. INDEX. 349 Bonasa, I12. umbellus, 112. umbellus sabini, 112. umbellus togata, I12. umbellus umbelloides, 112. Booby, 40. Blue-faced, 40. Blue-footed, 4o. Brewster’s, 40. Red-footed, 4o. Botaurinz, 69. Botaurus, 69. lentiginosus, 70. Brachyramphus, 9. craveri, Io. hypoleucus, 9. kittlitzii, 9. marmoratus, 9. Brant, 63. Black, 63. Branta, 62. bernicla, 63. canadensis, 62. canadensis hutchinsil, 62. canadensis minima, 63. canadensis occidentalis, 62. hypsibatus, 341. leucopsis, 63. nigricans, 63. propinqua, 341. Bubo, 147. leptosteus, 344. virginianus, 148. virginianus arcticus, 148. virginianus saturatus, 148. virginianus subarcticus, 148. Bubonide, 142. Budytes, 289. flavus leucostriatus, 289. Buffle-head, 54. Bullfinch, Cassin’s, 212. Bulweria, 34. bulweri, 35. Bunting, Beautiful, 252. Indigo, 252. Lark, 254. Lazuli, 252. Painted, 252. Townsend’s, 331. Varied, 252. Burrica, 213. Bush-Tit, 311. Californian, 311. Grinda’s, 312. Lead-colored, 312. Lloyd’s, 312. Santa Rita, 312. Boe Buteo, 130. abbreviatus, 132. albicaudatus sennetti, 132. borealis, 130. borealis calurus, 130. borealis harlani, 131. borealis kriderii, 130. borealis lucasanus, 131. brachyurus,” 133. buteo, 130. cooperi, 329. latissimus, 133. lineatus, 131. lineatus alleni, 131. lineatus elegans, 132. swainsoni, 132. Buteola, 133. Butorides, 73. Buzzard, European, 130. CALAMOSPIZA, 254. melanocorys, 254. Calcarius, 221. lapponicus, 221. ornatus, 222. pictus, 221. Calidris, 91. arenaria, QI. Callichelidon, 259. cyaneoviridis, 259. Callipepla, 108. californica, 109. californica vallicola, 109. gambeli, 109. Ssquamata, 108. squamata castanogastris, 108. Caliothrus, 203. robustus, 204. Calothorax, 177. lucifer, 177, Calyote, 175. anna, 175. coste, 175. Campephilus, 157. principalis, 158. Camptolaimus, 56. iabradorius, 56. Canachites, 111. Canvas-back, 53. Caprimulgi, 168. Caprimulgide, 168, 330. Caracara, Audubon’s, I4I. Guadalupe, 141. Cardellina, 287. Cardellina rubrifrons, 287. Cardinal, 249. INDEX. Cardinal, Arizona, 249. Gray-tailed, 249. Saint Lucas, 249. Texas, 250. Cardinalis, 248. cardinalis, 249. cardinalis canicaudus, 249. cardinalis igneus, 249. cardinalis superbus, 249. Carinatz, 339. Carpodacus, 212. amplus, 214. cassini, 213. mexicanus frontalis, 213. mexicanus ruberrimus, 214. purpureus, 213. purpureus californicus, 213. Catbird, 292. Catharista, 125. atrata, 125. Cathartes, 125. aura, 125. burrovianus, 329. Cathartidz, 124, 329. Catherpes, 296. mexicanus, 297. mexicanus Conspersus, 297. mexicanus punctulatus, 297. Centrocercus, I17. urophasianus, I17. Centronyx, 225. Centurus, 165. Ceophleeus, 164. pileatus, 164. Cepphi, 3. Cepphus, fo. carbo, 326. columba, II. grylle, Io. mandtii, Io. motzfeldi, 325. Cerorhinca, 6. monocerata, 6. Certhia, 303. familiaris alticola, 303. familiaris americana, 303. familiaris occidentalis, 304. Certhiidze, 303. Ceryle, 156. alcyon, 156. americana septentrionalis, 157. torquata, 157. Chachalaca, 119. Chetura, 172. pelagica, 172. vauxii, 172. Cheeturinz, 171. Chameea, 310. fasciata, 310. fasciata henshawi, 311. Chamzine, 310. Charadriidz, 98. Charadrius, 99. apricarius, 99. dominicus, 99. dominicus fulvus, roo. sheppardianus, 343. squatarola, 99. Charitonetta, 54. albeola, 54. Chat, Long-tailed, 285. Yellow-breasted, 285. Chaulelasmus, 49. Chelidon, 258. erythrogaster, 258. Chen, 60. czerulescens, 61. hyperborea, 60. hyperborea nivalis, 60. rossii, 61. Chickadee, 307. California, 310. Carolina, 308. Chestnut-backed, 310. Columbian, 310. Hudsonian, 309. Kowak, 309. Long-tailed, 308. Mexican, 309. Mountain, 309. Oregon, 308. Plumbeous, 308. Siberian, 309. Chloroceryle, 157. Chondestes, 229. grammacus, 220. grammacus strigatus, 229. Chordeiles, 170. acutipennis texensis, 171. virginianus, 170. virginianus chapmani, I71. virginianus henryi, 170. virginianus sennetti, 330. Chuck-will’s-widow, 168. Ciceronia, 8. Ciconie, 68. Ciconiide, 68. Ciconiine, 69. Cimolopteryx rarus, 335. retusus, 335. Cinclidz, 291. Cinclus, 291. mexicanus, 291. Circus, 127. INDEX. Circus hudsonius, 128. Cistothorus, 301. marianz, 303. palustris, 302. palustris griseus, 302. palustris paludicola, 302. stellaris, 301. Clamatores, 179. Clangula, 55. hyemalis, 55. Clivicola, 259. riparia, 259. Coccothraustes, 211. vespertinus, 211. vespertinus montanus, 211. Coccyges, 153. Coccyginz, 153. Coccyzus, 154. americanus, 154. americanus occidentalis, 155. erythrophthalmus, 155. minor, 154. minor maynardi, 154. Ceeligena, 173. clemenciz, 174. Ccereba, 267. bahamensis, 268. Ceerebidz, 267. Colaptes, 166. auratus, 166. cafer, 167. cafer saturatior, 167. chrysoides, 167. rufipileus, 167. Colinus, 106. ridgwayl, 107. virginianus, 106. virginianus floridanus, 106. virginianus texanus, 107. Columba, 119. fasciata, 119. fasciata viosce, 120. flavirostris, 120. leucocephala, 120. Columbe, 119. Columbidz, 119. Columbigallina, 122. passerina pallescens, 123. passerina terrestris, 122. Colymbus, I. auritus, 2. dominicus, 2. holbeelii, 1. 351 Colymbus nigricollis californicus, 2. Compsohalieus, 43. Compsothlypis, 273. americana, 273. sha Compsothlypis nigrilora, 273. Coniornis altus, 336. Contopus, 185. borealis, 185. pertinax, 186. richardsonii, 186. richardsonii peninsulz, 187. virens, 186. Conutrus, 152. carolinensis, 152. Coot, American, 81. European, 81. Cormorant, 42. Baird’s, 44. Brandt’s, 44. Double-crested, 42. Farallone, 43. Florida, 42. Mexican, 43. Pallas’s, 327. Pelagic, 44. Red-faced, 45. Violet-green, 44. White-crested, 43. Corvidz, 194. Corvinz, 199. Corvus, 199. americanus, 200. americanus floridanus, 200. caurinus, 201. corax principalis, 200. corax sinuatus, 200. cryptoleucus, 200. ossifragus, 201. Cotingide, 179. Coturnicops, 79. Coturniculus, 226. Cowbird, 203. Dwarf, 203. Red-eyed, 204. Cracidz, 119. Crake, Corn, 80. Spotted, 78. Crane, Little Brown, 75. Sandhill, 75. Whooping, 75. Creagrus, 326. furcatus, 326. Creciscus, 79. Creeper, Bahama Honey, 268. Brown, 303. California, 304. Mexican, 303. Rocky Mountain, 303. Crex, 8o. crex, 80. Crossbill, American, 214. Mexican, 215. INDEX. Crossbill, White-winged, 215. Crotophaga, 153. ani, 153. sulcirostris, 153. Crotophagine, 153. Crow, American, 200. Fish, 201. Florida, 200. Northwest, 201. Crymophilus, 82. fulicarius, 82. Cuckoo, Black-billed, 155. California, 155. Kamchatkan, 1 55: Mangrove, 154. Maynard’s, 154. Yellow-billed, 154. Cuculi, 153. Cuculide, 153. Cuculus, 155. canorus telephonus, 155. Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 98. Eskimo, 97. European, 328. Hudsonian, 97. Long-billed, 97. Cyanecula, 321. suecica, 321. Cyanocephalus, 201. cyanocephalus, 202. Cyanocitta, 194. cristata, 194. cristata florincola, 195. stelleri, 195. stelleri annectens, 196. stelleri frontalis, 195. stelleri macrolopha, 195. Cyclorrhynchus, 7. psittaculus, 7. Cygnine, 65. Cygnus paloregonus, 341. Cymodroma, 38. grallaria, 38. Cypseli, 171. Cypseloides, 171. niger, 171. Cyrtonyx, 109. montezume, II10. Cyrtopelicanus, 45. DAFILA, 51. acuta, 51. Daption, 35. capensis, 35. Dendragapus, I10. canadensis, IIT. franklinii, 111. Dendragapus obscurus, I 10. obscurus fuliginosus, I1o. obscurus richardsonii, 111. Dendrocygna, 64. autumnalis, 64. fulva, 64. Dendroica, 273, 274. zestiva, 274. zstiva sonorana, 274. auduboni, 275. blackburniz, 277. bryanti castaneiceps, 275. czerulea, 276. caerulescens, 275. carbonata, 332. castanea, 277. chrysoparia, 278. coronata, 275. discolor, 281. dominica, 277. dominica albilora, 278. graciz, 278. kirtlandi, 280. maculosa, 276. montana, 333- nigrescens, 278. occidentalis, 279. olivacea, 274. palmarum, 280. palmarum hypochrysea, 280. pensylvanica, 276. striata, 277. tigrina, 273. townsendi, 279. vigorsii, 280. virens, 279. Dichromanassa, 72. Dickcissel, 254. Diomedea, 28. albatrus, 28. exulans, 326. nigripes, 28. Diomedeidz, 28, 326. Dipper, American, 291. Dolichonyx, 202. oryzivorus, 202. Dove, Ground, 122. Inca, 123. Mexican Ground, 123. Mourning, 121. White-fronted, 122. White-winged, 122. Zenaida, 121. Dovekie, 13. Dowitcher, 85. Long-billed, 86. Dryobates, 158. INDEX. Dryobates arizone, 161. borealis, 160. nuttallii, 161. pubescens, 159. pubescens gairdnerii, 159. pubescens orececus, 160. scalaris bairdi, 160. scalaris lucasanus, 160. villosus, 158. villosus audubonii, 158. villosus harrisii, 159. villosus hyloscopus, 159. villosus leucomelas, 158. Duck, American Scaup, 53. Black, 48. Florida, 48. Harlequin, 55. Labrador, 56. Lesser Scaup, 53. Masked, 60. Mottled, 49. Ring-necked, 53. Ruddy, 59. Rufous-crested, 52. Steller’s, 55. Wood, 52. Dunilin, 89. Dysporus, 41. Dytes, 2. EAGLE, Bald, 136. Golden, 135. Gray Sea, 136. Harpy, 135. Ectopistes, 120. migratorius, 120. Egret, American, 71. Peale’s, 328. Reddish, 72. Eider, American, 57. King, 58. Northern, 57. Pacific, 57. Spectacled, 56. Elanoides, 126. forficatus, 126. Elanus, 126. leucurus, 126. Embernagra, 245. rufivirgata, 245. Empidonax, 187. cineritius, 187. difficilis, 187. flaviventris, 187. fulvifrons, 189. fulvifrons pygmzus, 189. oat Empidonax griseus, 189. hammondi, 189. minimus, 188. traillii, 188. traillii alnorum, 188. virescens, 188. wrightii, 189. Eniconetta, 56. stelleri, 56. Ereunetes, 9o. occidentalis, 91. pusillus, go. Erionetta, 57. Ergaticus, 287. ruber, 288. Erismatura, 59. rubida, 59. Euetheia, 253. bicolor, 253. canora, 253. Eugenes, 173. fulgens, 173. Euphonia, 254. elegantissima, 255. Euphonia, Blue-headed, 255. Eurynorhynchus, go. pygmeeus, 9o. FALCO, 136. columbarius, 138. columbarius suckleyi, 139. dominicensis, 140. fusco-ceerulescens, 139. islandus, 136. mexicanus, 137. peregrinus anatum, 138. peregrinus pealei, 138. regulus, 139. richardsonii, 139. rusticolus, 137. rusticolus gyrfalco, 137. rusticolus obsoletus, 137. sparverius, 140. sparverius deserticolus, 140. sparverius peninsularis, 140. tinnunculus, I40. Falcon, Aplomado, 139. Peale’s, 138. Prairie, 137. Falcones, 126. Falconidz, 126, 329. Falconine, 136. Finch, California Purple, 213. Cassin’s Purple, 213. Guadalupe House, 214. House, 213. INDEX. Finch, Purple, 213. St. Lucas House, 214. Flamingo, American, 66. Flicker, 166. Gilded, 167. Guadalupe, 167. Northwestern, 167. Red-shafted, 167. Florida, 73. Flycatcher, Alder, 188. Arizona Crested, 183. Ash-throated, 183. Beardless, 190. Buff-breasted, 189. Coues’s, 186. Crested, 183. Derby, 182. Fork-tailed, 1709. Fulvous, 189. Giraud’s, 182. Gray, 189. Green-crested, 188. Hammond’s, 189. Lawrence’s, 184. Least, 188. Mexican Crested, 183. Nutting’s, 183. Olivaceous, 184. Olive-sided, 185. Ridgway’s, 190. St. Lucas, 187. Scissor-tailed, 180. Sulphur-bellied, 182. Traill’s, 188. Vermilion, 190. Western, 187. Wright’s, 189. Yellow-bellied, 187. Fratercula, 5. arctica, 5. arctica glacialis, 5. corniculata, 6. Fraterculine, 5. Fregata, 46. aquila, 46. Fregatidz, 46. Fringillidze, 211. Fulica, 81. americana, 81. atra, 81. minor, 342. Fulicine, 81. Fuligula, 53. Fulmar, 30. Giant, 29. Lesser, 30. Pacific, 30. Fulmar, Rodgers’s, 30. Slender-billed, 31. Fulmarus, 30, glacialis, 30. glacialis glupischa, 30. glacialis minor, 30. glacialis rodgersii, 30. glacialoides, 31. GADWALL, 49. Galeoscoptes, 291. carolinensis, 291. Gallinz, 106. Gallinago, 85. delicata, 85. gallinago, 85. Gallinula, 81. galeata, 81. Gallinule, Florida, 81. Purple, 8o. Gallinulinz, 80. Gannet, 41. Garruline, 194. Garzetta, 72. Gastornis giganteus, 338. Gavia, 15. alba, 15. Gelochelidon, 22. nilotica, 22. Geococcyx, 153. californianus, 154. Geothlypis, 282, 283. agilis, 282. beldingi, 284. formosa, 282. macgillivrayi, 283. philadelphia, 283. trichas, 283. trichas ignota, 284. trichas occidentalis, 284. poliocephala ralphi, 284. Geotrygon, 123. martinica, 123. montana, 124. Glaucidium, 150. gnoma, 150. gnoma californicum, 151. hoskinsii, 151. phalzenoides, 151. Glaucionetta, 54. clangula americana, 54. islandica, 54. Glottis, 93. Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed, 315. Blue-gray, 315. Plumbeous, 315. INDEX. 355 Gnatcatcher, Western, 315. Godwit, Black-tailed, 92. Hudsonian, 92. Marbled, 91. Pacific, 92. Golden-eye, American, 54. Barrow’s, 54. Goldfinch, American, 218. Arizona, 219. Arkansas, 218. Black-headed, 2109. Lawrence’s, 219. Mexican, 2109. Western, 218. Goose, American White-fronted, 61. Barnacle, 63. Blue, 61. Cackling, 63. Canada, 62. Emperor, 64. Greater Snow, 60. Hutchins’s, 62. Lesser Snow, 60. Ross’s Snow, 61. White-cheeked, 62. White-fronted, 61. Goshawk, American, 129. Mexican, 134. Western, 129. Grackle, Boat-tailed, 211. Bronzed, 210. Florida, 210. Great-tailed, 210. Purple, 210. Graculavus pumilus, 336. velox, 336. Grassquit, 253. Melodius, 253. Grebe, American Eared, 2. Clark’s, 325. Holbeell’s, 1. Horned, 2. Pied-billed, 3. St. Domingo, 2. Western, I. Green-shank, 93. Grosbeak, Black-headed, 251. Blue, 251. Evening, 211. Pine, 212. Rose-breasted, 251. Western Blue, 250. Western Evening, 211. Grouse, Canada, III. Canadian Ruffed, 112. Columbian Sharp-tailed, 116. Dusky, 110. 356 INDEX. Grouse, Franklin’s, 111. | Gyrfalcon, 137. Gray Ruffed, 112. Black, 137. Oregon Ruffed, 112. Gray, 137. Prairie Sharp-tailed, 117. White, 136. Richardson’s, II. Ruffed, 112. Sage, 117. HABIA, 250. Sharp-tailed, 116. ludoviciana, 250. Sooty, Ilo. melanocephala, 251. Grues, 75. Hematopodide, 104. Gruide, 75. Hzematopus, 104. Grus, 75. bachmani, 105. americana, 75. frazari, 105. canadensis, 7 5. ostralegus, 104. haydeni, 342. palliatus, 104. mexicana, 75. Haliplana, 26. proavus, 342. Halocyptena, 35. Guara, 67. microsoma, 35. alba, 67. Halizetus, 136. rubra, 67. albicilla, 136. Guillemot, Black, ro. leucocephalus, 136. Black-winged, 325. Harporhynchus, 292, 294. Mandt’s, fo. bendirei, 293. Pigeon, 11. cinereus, 294. Sooty, 326. cinereus mearnsi, 294. Guiraca, 251. crissalis, 295. ceerulea, 251. curvirostris, 293. ceerulea euryncha, 251. curvirostris palmeri, 293. Gull, American Herring, 19. lecontei, 294. Bonaparte’s, 21. longirostris sennetti, 293. California, 19. redivivus, 294. Franklin’s, 20. rufus, 293. Glaucous, 16. Hawk, American Rough-legged, 134. Glaucous-winged, 17. American Sparrow, 140. Great Black-backed, 18. Desert Sparrow, 140. Herring, 18. Broad-winged, 133. Heermann’s, 20. Cooper’s, 128. Iceland, 17. Cuban Sparrow, 140. Ivory, I5. Duck, 138. Kumlien’s, 17. Florida Red-shouldered, 131. Laughing, 2o. Harlan’s, 131. (Little; 217. Harris’s, 1209. Mew, 20. Krider’s, 130. Nelson’s, 17. Marsh, 128. Pallas’s, 89. Mexican Black, 133. Point Barrow, 16. Pigeon, 138. Ring-billed, 19. Red-bellied, 132. Ross’s, 21. Red-shouldered, 131. Sabine’s, 22. Red-tailed, 130. Short-billed, 20. Rough-legged, 134. Siberian, 18. Sennett’s White-tailed, 132. Slaty-backed, 18. Sharp-shinned, 128. Swallow-tailed, 326. Short-tailed, 133. Gull, Vega, 19. St. Lucas Sparrow, 140. Western, 18. Swainson’s, 132. Gypagus, 320. Zone-tailed, 132. papa, 329. Heleodytes, 295. Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 295. brunneicapillus affinis, 296. brunneicapillus bryanti, 295. Helinaia, 269. swainsonii, 269. Helminthophila, 269. bachmani, 270. celata, 272. celata lutescens, 272. celata sordida, 272. chrysoptera, 270. cincinnatiensis, 332. lawrencei, 331. leucobronchialis, 332. luciz, 270. peregrina, 272. pinus, 270. ruficapilla, 271. ruficapilla gutturalis, 271. virginiz, 271. Helmitherus, 269. vermivorus, 269. Helodromas, 93. Hen, Attwater’s Prairie, 115. Heath, 115. Lesser Prairie, 116. Prairie, 115. Henhawk, Cooper’s, 329. Herodias, 71. Herodii, 69. Herodiones, 66. Heron, Black-crowned Night, 74. European Blue, 71. Frazar’s Green, 73. Great Blue, 71. Great White, 71. Green, 73. Little Blue, 73. Louisiana, 72. Snowy, 72. Ward’s, 71. Wiirdemann’s, 327. Yellow-crowned Night, 74. Hesperiphona, 211. Hesperocichla, 320. nevia, 321. Hesperornis crassipes, 336. gracilis, 336. regalis, 336. Heteractitis, 95. incana, 95. Hierofalco, 136. Himantopus, 83. mexicanus, 84. Hirundinide, 256. Histrionicus, 55. histrionicus, 55. \ INDEX. Hummingbird, Allen’s, 176. Anna’s, 175. Black-chinned, 174. Blue-throated, 174. Broad-billed, 178. Broad-tailed, 175. Buff-bellied, 177. Calliope, 176. Costa’s, 175. Floresi’s, 175. Lucifer, 177. Rieffer’s, 177. Rivoli, 173. Ruby-throated, 174. Rufous, 176. Violet-throated, 174. White-eared, 178. Xantus’s, 178. Hydranassa, 72. Hydrochelidon, 26. leucoptera, 27. nigra surinamensis, 26. Hylocichla, 316. Hylophilus, 331. decurtatus, 331. Hylophilus, Short-winged, 331. IACHE, 178. latirostris, 178. Ibides, 66. Ibididze, 67. Ibis, Glossy, 68. Scarlet, 67. White, 67. White-faced Glossy, 68. Wood, 69. Ichthyornis agilis, 336. anceps, 337- dispar, 337. lentus, 337. tener, 337. validus, 337. victor, 337. Icteria, 284. virens, 285. virens longicauda, 285. Icteridz, 202. Icterus, 206. audubonii, 207. bullocki, 208. cucullatus, 207. cucullatus nelsoni, 208. galbula, 208. icterus, 207. parisorum, 207. spurius, 208. Bey | 358 Ictinia, 127. mississippiensis, 127. Tonornis, 80. martinica, 80. JABIRU, 60. Jacana, 105. spinosa, I05. Jacana, Mexican, 105. Jacanidze, 105. Jaeger, Parasitic, 14. Pomarine, 14. Long-tailed, 15. Jay, Alaskan, 199. Arizona, 198. Belding’s, 197. Black-headed, 196. Blue, 194. Blue-eared, 197. Blue-fronted, 195. California, 197. Canada, 198. Florida, 196. Florida Blue, 195. Green, 198. Labrador, 199. Long-crested, 195. Oregon, 199. Pifion, 202. Rocky Mountain, 199. Santa Cruz, 197. Steller’s, 195. Woodhouse’s, 196. Xantus’s, 197. Junco, 234. aikeni, 234. annectens, 235. bairdi, 237. caniceps, 236. phzonotus dorsalis, 236. pheonotus palliatus, 236. hyemalis, 234. hyemalis carolinensis, 235. hyemalis oregonus, 234. hyemalis pinosus, 235. hyemalis shufeldti, 235. hyemalis thurberi, 235. insularis, 237. ridgwayi, 2306. townsendi, 237. Junco, Arizona, 236. Baird’s, 237. Carolina, 235. Gray-headed, 236. Guadalupe, 237. Oregon, 234. INDEX. Junco, Pink-sided, 235. Point Pinos, 235. Red-backed, 236. Ridgway’s, 236. Slate-colored, 234. Shufeldt’s, 236. Thurber’s, 235. Townsend’s, 237. White-winged, 234. KESTREL, I40. Kaulldeer, roo. Kingbird, 180. Arkansas, I81. Cassin’s, 181. Couch’s, 181. Gray, 180. Kingfisher, Belted, 156. Ringed, 157. Texan, 157. Kinglet, Cuvier’s, 333. Dusky, 314. Golden-crowned, 313. Ruby-crowned, 314. Western Golden-crowned, 314. Kite, Everglade, 127. Mississippi, 127. Swallow-tailed, 126. White-tailed, 126. Kittiwake, 15. Pacific, 16. Red-legged, 16. Knot, 86. LAGOPUS, 113. lagopus, I13. lagopus alleni, 113. leucurus, I14. rupestris, I13. rupestris atkhensis, 114. rupestris nelsoni, 114. rupestris reinhardi, 114. welchi, 114. Laniidz, 261. Lanius, 261. borealis, 261. ludovicianus, 262. ludovicianus gambeli, 262. ludovicianus excubitorides, 262. Lanivireo, 297. Laopteryx priscus, 335. Laornis edvardsianus, 337. Lapwing, 98. Laridz, 15, 326. Larine, 15. Lark, Desert Horned, 192. Dusky Horned, 193. Horned, 191. Mexican Horned, 192. Pallid Horned, 192. Prairie Horned, 192. Ruddy Horned, 193. Scorched Horned, 193. Sonoran Horned, 193. Streaked Horned, 193. Texan Horned, 192. Larus, 16. affinis, 18. argentatus, 18. argentatus smithsonianus, 19. atricilla, 20. barrovianus, 16. brachyrhynchus, 20. cachinnans, 19. californicus, 89. canus, 20. delawarensis, 19. franklinii, 20. glaucescens, 17. glaucus, 16. heermanni, 20. kumlieni, 17. leucopterus, 17. marinus, 18. minutus, 21. nelsoni, 17. occidentalis, 18. oregonus, 339. philadelphia, 21. robustus, 339. schistisagus, 18. vege, 19. Leptopelicanus, 46. Leptotila, 121. fulviventris brachyptera, 122. Leucosticte, 215. atrata, 216. australis, 216. griseonucha, 215. tephrocotis, 215. tephrocotis littoralis, 216. Leucosticte, Aleutian, 215. Black, 216. Brown-capped, 216. Gray-crowned, 215. Hepburn’s, 216. Limicole, 82. Limosa, 91. fedoa, 91. hzemastica, 92. lapponica baueri, 92. limosa, 92. INDEX. Limpkin, 76. Linnet, Brewster’s, 330. Longipennes, 13. Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 222. Lapland, 221. McCown’s, 222. Smith’s, 221. Loon, 3. Black-throated, 4. Pacific, 4. Red-throated, 4. Yellow-billed, 4. Lophodytes, 47. cucullatus, 48. Lophophanes, 306. Lophortyx, Tog. Loxia, 214. curvirostra minor, 214. curvirostra stricklandi, 215. leucoptera, 215. Lunda, 5. cirrhata, 5. MACROCHIRES, 168. Macrorhamphus, 85. griseus, 85. scolopaceus, 86. Magpie, American, 194. Yellow-billed, 194. Mallard, 48. Man-o’-War Bird, 46. Mareca, 49. Martin, Cuban, 257. Purple, 257. Western, 257. Meadowlark, 206. Mexican, 206. Western, 206. Megalestris, 13. skua, 14. Megaquiscalus, 210. Megascops, 145. asio, 145. asio aikeni, 147. asio bendirei, 146. asio cineraceus, 146. asio floridanus, 145. asio kennicottii, 146. asio macfarlanei, 147. asio maxwelliz, 146. asio trichopsis, 145. flammeola, 147. flammeola idahoensis, 147. Melanerpes, 164. aurifrons, 166. carolinus, 166. 359 360 Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 164. formicivorus angustifrons, 165. formicivorus bairdi, 165. torquatus, 165. uropygialis, 166. Melanitta, 58. Meleagrine, 117. Meleagris, 117. altus, 344. antiquus, 343. celer, 344. gallopavo, 118. gallopavo ellioti, 118. gallopavo mexicana, 118. gallopavo osceola, 118. Melopelia, 122. leucoptera, 122. Melospiza, 240. cinerea, 243. fasciata, 241. fasciata clemente, 243. fasciata fallax, 241. fasciata graminea, 242. fasciata guttata, 242. fasciata heermanni, 241. fasciata montana, 241. fasciata rivularis, 242. fasciata rufina, 242. fasciata samuelis, 241. georgiana, 244. insignis, 243. lincolni, 243. lincolni striata, 243. Merganser, 47. americanus, 47. serrator, 47. Merganser, American, 47. Hooded, 48. Red-breasted, 47. Mergine, 47. Merlin, 139. Black, 139. Richardson’s, 139. Merula, 319. confinis, 320. migratoria, 320. migratoria propinqua, 320. Methriopterus, 292. Micropalama, 86. himantopus, 86. Micropallas, 151. whitneyi, 151. Micropodide, 171. Micropodine, 172. Milvulus, 179. forficatus, 180. tyrannus, 179. INDEX. Mimine, 291. Mimus, 291. polyglottos, 292. Mniotilta, 268. varia, 268. Mniotiltide, 268, 331. Mockingbird, 292. Molothrus, 203. ater, 203. ater obscurus, 203. Motacilla, 288. alba, 289. ocularis, 289. Motacillidze, 288. Murre, 11. Briinnich’s, 12. California, I1. Pallas’s, 12. Murrelet, Ancient, 8. Craveri’s, Io. Kittlitz’s, 9. Marbled, 9. Xantus’s, 9. Myadestes, 316. townsendii, 316. Myadestine, 316. Mycteria, 69. americana, 69. Myiarchus, 182. cinerascens, 183. cinerascens nuttingi, 183. crinitus, 183. lawrenceii, 184. lawrenceii olivascens, 184. mexicanus, 183. mexicanus magister, 183. Myiozetetes, 182. texensis, 182. Myiodynastes, 182. luteiventris, 182. NEOCORYS, 290. Netta, 52. rufina, 52. Nettion, 50. Nighthawk, 170. Florida, 171. Sennett’s, 330. Tiexan;) 171: Western, 170. Noddy, 27. Nomonyx, 60. dominicus, 60. Nucifraga, 201. columbianus, 201. Numenius, 97. Numenius arquatus, 328. borealis, 97. hudsonicus, 97. longirostris, 97. pheopus, 98. tahitiensis, 98. Nutcracker, Clarke’s, 201. Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 305. Florida White-breasted, 304. Pygmy, 305. Red-breasted, 305. Slender-billed, 304. White-breasted, 304. White-naped, 305. Nuttallornis, 185. Nyctala, 144. acadica, 145. tengmalmi richardsoni, 144. Nyctanassa, 74. Nyctea, 149. nyctea, 149. Nycticorax, 74. nycticorax nzevius, 74. violaceus, 74. Nyctidromus, 170. albicollis merrilli, 170. OCEANITES, 37- oceanicus, 37. Oceanitine, 37. Oceanodroma, 36. furcata, 36. homochroa, 37. hornbyi, 327. leucorhoa, 36. macrodactyla, 37. melania, 37. Ochthodromus, 102. Odontoglossz, 66. Oidemia, 58. americana, 58. deglandi, 59. fusca, 58. perspicillata, 59. Oid-squaw, 55. Olor, 65. buccinator, 65. columbianus, 65. cygnus, 65. Oporornis, 282. Oreortyx, 107. pictus, 107. pictus confinis, 108. pictus plumiferus, 107. Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 208. Audubon’s, 207. INDEX. Oriole, Baltimore, 208. Bullock’s, 208. Hooded, 207. Orchard, 208. Scott’s, 207. Ornithion, Igo. imberbe, 190. imberbe ridgwayi, Igo. Oroscoptes, 291. montanus, 291. Ortalis, 119. vetula maccali, 119. Oscines, 238. Osprey, American, 141. Ossifraga, 29. gigantea, 29. Otocoris, 191. alpestris, 191. alpestris adusta, 193. alpestris arenicola, 192. alpestris chrysolema, 192. alpestris giraudi, 192. alpestris leucolama, 192. alpestris merrilli, 193. alpestris pallida, 193. alpestris praticola, 192. alpestris rubea, 193. alpestris strigata, 193. Oven-bird, 281. Owl, American Barn, 142. Aiken’s Screech, 147. American Hawk, 149. American Long-eared, 142. Arctic Horned, 148. Barred, 143. Burrowing, 150. California Pygmy, 151. California Screech, 146. Dusky Horned, 148. Dwarf Screech, 147. Elf, 151. Ferruginous Pygmy, 151. Flammulated Screech, 147. Florida Barred, 143. Florida Burrowing, 150. Florida Screech, 145. Great Gray, 144. Great Horned, 148. Hawk, 149. Hoskins’s Pygmy, 151. Kennicott’s Screech, 146. Lapp, 144. MacFarlane’s Screech, 147. Mexican Screech, 146. Pygmy, 150. Richardson’s, 144. Rocky Mountain Screech, 145. 362 Owl, Saw-whet, 145. Screech, 145. Short-eared, 142. Snowy, 149. Spotted, 143. Texas Screech, 145. Western Horned, 148. Oxyechus, 100. Oyster-catcher, 104. American, 104. Black, 105. Frazar’s, 105. PALZOBORUS umbrosus, 344. Palzospiza bella, 345. Paleotetrix gilli, 343. Palzotringa littoralis, 337. vagans, 338. vetus, 338. Paludicole, 75. Pandion, 141. haliaétus carolinensis, 141. Pandionine, 141. Parabuteo, 129. unicinctus harrisi, 129. Parauque, Merrill’s, 170. Paridz, 304. Parine, 332. Paroquet, Carolina, 152. Parrot, Thick-billed, 330. Partridge, California, 109. Chestnut-bellied Scaled, 108. Gambel’s, 109. Massena, IIo. Mountain, 107. Plumed, 107. San Pedro, 108. Scaled, 108. Valley, 109. Parus, 300. atricapillus, 307. atricapillus occidentalis, 308. atricapillus septentrionalis, 308. atricristatus, 306. bicolor, 306. bicolor texensis, 306. carolinensis, 308. carolinensis agilis, 308. cinctus obtectus, 309. gambeli, 309. hudsonicus, 309. hudsonicus columbianus, 310. hudsonicus stoneyi, 309. inornatus, 306. inornatus Cineraceus, 307. inornatus griseus, 307. INDEX. Parus meridionalis, 309. rufescens, 310. rufescens neglectus, 310. wollweberi, 307. Passerculus, 223. Passerella, 244. iliaca, 244. iliaca megarhyncha, 245. iliaca schistacea, 245. iliaca unalaschensis, 244. Passeres, 179. Passerina, 251. amoena, 252. ciris, 252. cyanea, 252. versicolor, 252. versicolor pulchra, 252. Pavoncella, 95. pugnax, 95. Pediocetes, 116. lucasi, 343. nanus, 343. phasianellus, 116. phasianellus campestris, 117. phasianellus columbianus, 116. Pelagodroma, 38. marina, 38. Pelecanide, 45. Pelecanus, 45. californicus, 46. erythrorhynchos, 45. fuscus, 46. Pelican, American White, 45. Brown, 46. California Brown, 46. Pelidna, 89. Pelionetta, 59. Pendulinus, 207. Penelopes, 118. Penelopine, 118. Perdicinz, 106. Perisoreus, 198. canadensis, 198. canadensis capitalis, 199. canadensis fumifrons, 199. canadensis nigricapillus, 199. obscurus, 199. Perissoglossa, 273. Petrel, Ashy, 37. Black, 37. Black-capped, 34. Bulwer’s, 35. Fisher’s, 34. Fork-tailed, 36. Guadalupe, 37. Hornby’s, 327. Leach’s, 36. Petrel, Least, 35. Pintado, 35. Scaled, 34. Stormy, 36. White-bellied, 38. White-faced, 38. Wilson’s, 37. Petrochelidon, 257. fulva, 258. lunifrons, 257. Peucza, 238. zstivalis, 238. zstivalis bachmanii, 239. arizone, 239. carpalis, 240. cassini, 239. mexicana, 239. ruficeps, 240. ruficeps boucardi, 240. ruficeps eremceca, 240. Peucedramus, 274. Pewee, Large-billed, 187. Western Wood, 186. Wood, 186. Phaéthon, 39. zthereus, 39. flavirostris, 39. Phaéthontide, 39. Phainopepla, 261. nitens, 261. Phalacrocoracide, 42, 327. Phalacrocorax, 42. carbo, 42. dilophus, 42. dilophus albociliatus, 43. dilophus cincinatus, 43. dilophus floridanus, 42. idahensis, 340. macropus, 340. mexicanus, 43. pelagicus, 44. pelagicus resplendens, 44. pelagicus robustus, 44. penicillatus, 44. perspicillatus, 327. urile, 45. Phalenoptilus, 169. nuttallii, 169. nuttallii californicus, 169. nuttallii nitidus, 169. Phalarope, Northern, 82. Red, 82. Wilson’s, 83. Phalaropodide, 82. Phalaropus, 82. lobatus, 82. tricolor, 83. INDEX. 363 Phalerine, 6. Phaleris, 8. Phasiani, 106. Phasianidz, 117. Philacte, 64. canagica, 64. Philohela, 84. minor, 84. Pheebe, 184. Black, 185. Say’s, 185. Pheebetria, 29. fuliginosa, 29. Pheenicopteridz, 66. Pheenicopterus, 66. copel, 341. ruber, 66. Phyllopseustes, 313. borealis, 313. Pica, 194. nuttalli, 194. pica hudsonica, 194. Pici, 157. Picidze, 157. Picoides, 161. americanus, 162. americanus alascensis, 162. americanus dorsalis, 162. arcticus, 162. Picicorvus, 201. Pigeon, Band-tailed, 119. Passenger, 120. Red-billed, 120. Viosca’s, 119. White-crowned, 120. Pinicola, 212. enucleator, 212. Pintail, 51. Pipilo, 245. alberti, 248. chlorurus, 247. consobrinus, 247. erythrophthalmus, 246. erythrophthalmus alleni, 246. fuscus albigula, 248. fuscus crissalis, 248. fuscus mesoleucus, 247. fuscus senicula, 248. maculatus arcticus, 246. maculatus megalonyx, 246. maculatus oregonus, 247. Pipit, American, 289. Meadow, 201. Red-throated, 290. Sprague’s, 290. Piranga, 255. erythromelas, 255. 364 Piranga hepatica, 256. ludoviciana, 255. rubra, 256. rubra cooperi, 256. rubriceps, 255. Pitangus, 181. derbianus, 182. Plataleidz, 66. Piatypsaris, 179. albiventris, 179. Plautus, 12. impennis, 13. Plectrophenax, 220. hyperboreus, 221. nivalis, 220. nivalis townsendi, 220. Plegadis, 68. : autumnalis, 68. guarauna, 68. Plover, American Golden, 99. Belted Piping, ror. Black-bellied, 99. Golden, 99. Little Ring, Iot. Mongolian, 102. Mountain, 103. Pacific Golden, roo. Piping, Iot. Ring, Io. Semipalmated, Snowy, 102. Wilson’s, 102. Podasocys, 102. Podiceps, 2. Podicipedes, I. Podicipidee, 1, 325. Podilymbus, 3. podiceps, 3. Polioptila, 314. ceerulea, 315. caerulea obscura, 315. californica, 315. plumbea, 315. . Polioptilinz, 314. Polyborus, 141. cheriway, 141. lutosus, 141. Poocetes, 222. gramineus, 222. gramineus aflinis, 223. gramineus confinis, 223. Poor-will, 169. Dusky, 169. Frosted, 169. Porzana, 78. carolina, 79. coturniculus, 80. 1 oo. INDEX. Porzana jamaicensis, 79. noveboracensis, 79. porzana, 78. Priocella, 31. Priofinus, 33. Procellaria, 36. pelagica, 36. Procellariidz, 29, 327. Procellariine, 29. Progne, 256. cryptoleuca, 257. subis, 257. subis hesperia, 257. Protonotaria, 268. citrea, 268. Psaltriparus, 311. lloydi, 312. minimus, 311. minimus californicus, 311. minimus grindz, 312. plumbeus, 312. santarite, 312. Pseudogryphus, 124. californianus, 125. Psittaci, 152. Psittacidz, 152, 330. Ptarmigan, Allen’s, 113. Nelson’s, 114. Reinhardt’s, 114. Rock, 113. Turner’s, 114. Welch’s, 114. White-tailed, 114. Willow, 113. Ptiliogonatinz, 261. Ptychoramphus, 6. aleuticus, 7. Puffin, 5. Horned, 6. Large-billed, 5. Tufted, 5. Puffinus, 31. auduboni, 32. borealis, 31. cinereus, 33. conradii, 340. creatopus, 32. gavia, 32. griseus, 33. kuhlii, 327. major, 31. puffinus, 32. stricklandi, 32. tenuirostris, 33. Pygopodes, tf. Pyrocephalus, 190. rubineus mexicanus, 190. Pyrrhula, 212. cassini, 212. Pyrrhuloxia, 249. sinuata, 250. sinuata beckhami, 250. sinuata peninsulz, 250. Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 250. Saint Lucas, 250. QuAIL-DovE, Blue-headed, 124. Key West, 123. Ruddy, 124. Querquedula, 50. Quiscalus, 209. macrourus, 210. major, 211. quiscula, 210. quiscula zeneus, 210. quiscula aglaeus, 210. Raitt, Belding’s, 77. Black, 79. California Clapper, 77. Caribbean Clapper, 78. Clapper, 77. Farallone, 8o. Florida Clapper, 78. King, 76. Louisiana Clapper, 77. Virginia, 78. Yellow, 79. Ralli, 76. Rallidz, 76. Ralline, 76. Rallus, 76. beldingi, 77. elegans, 76. crepitans, 77. crepitans saturatus, 77. longirostris caribzeus, 78. obsoletus, 77. scottii, 78. virginianus, 78. Raptores, 124. Raven, American, 200. Northern, 200. White-necked, 200. Ratite, 338. Recurvirostra, 83. americana, 83. Recurvirostride, 83. Redhead, 52. Redpoll, 217. Greenland, 217. INDEX. 36 5 Redpoll, Greater, 218. Hoary, 217. Holbeell’s, 217. Redstart, American, 286. Painted, 287. Red-bellied, 287. Red-tail, St. Lucas, 131. Western, 130. Regulinz, 313. Regulus, 313. calendula, 314. cuvieri, 333. obscurus, 314. satrapa, 313. satrapa olivaceus, 314. Rhodostethia, 21. rosea, 21. Rhynchodon, 138. Rhynchofalco, 139. Rhynchophanes, 222. mccownii, 222. Rhynchopsitta, 330. pachyrhynca, 330. Rissa, 15. brevirostris, 16. tridactyla, 15. tridactyla pollicaris, 16. Road-runner, 154. Robin, American, 320. St. Lucas, 320. Western, 320. Rostrhamus, 127. sociabilis, 127. Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 135. Ruff, 95. Rynchopide, 27. Rynchops, 27. nigra, 27. SALPINCTES, 296. guadeloupensis, 296. obsoletus, 296. Sanderling, 91. Sandpiper, Aleutian, 87. Baird’s, 88. Bartramian, 96. Buff-breasted, 96. Cooper’s, 328. Curlew, 90. Green, 94. Least, 89. Pectoral, 88. Pribilof, 87. Purple, $7. Red-backed, 89. Semipalmated, go. 366 Sandpiper, Sharp-tailed, 88. Solitary, 94. Spoonbill, go. Spotted, 97. Stilt, 86. Western, 91. Western Solitary, 94. White-rumped, 88. Sapsucker, Red-breasted, 163. Red-naped, 163. Williamson’s, 163. Yeliow-bellied, 163. Sarcorhamphi, 124. Saxicola, 321. cenanthe, 321. Sayornis, 184. nigricans, 185. pheebe, 184. saya, 185. Scardafella, 123. inca, 123. Scolecophagus, 209. affinis, 345. carolinus, 209. cyanocephalus, 209. Scolopacide, 84, 328. Scolopax, 84. rusticola, 84. Scoter, American, 58. Surf, 59. Velvet, 58. White-winged, 509. Scotiaptex, 144. cinerea, 144. cinerea lapponica, 144. Seed-eater, Sharpe’s, 253. Seiurus, 281. aurocapillus, 281. motacilla, 282. noveboracensis, 281. noveboracensis notabilis, 281. Selasphorus, 175. alleni, 176. floresil, 175. platycercus, 175. rufus, 176. Setophaga, 286. miniata, 287. picta, 287. ruticilla, 286. Shearwater, Audubon’s, 32. Black-tailed, 33. Black-vented, 32. Cinereous, 327. Cory’s, 31. Dark-bodied, 33. Greater, 31. INDEX. Shearwater, Manx, 32. Pink-footed, 32. Slender-billed, 33. Sooty, 32. Shoveller, 51. Shrike, California, 262. Loggerhead, 262. Northern, 261. White-rumped, 262. Sialia, 322. arctica, 323. mexicana anabelz, 322. mexicana bairdi, 323. mexicana occidentalis, 322. sialis, 322. sialis azurea, 322. Simorhynchus, 7. cristatellus, 7. pusillus, 8. pygmezus, 8. Siskin, Pine, 220. Sitta, 304. canadensis, 305. carolinensis, 304. carolinensis aculeata, 304. carolinensis atkinsi, 304. pusilla, 305. pygmza, 305. pygmza leuconucha, 305. Sittinae, 304. Skimmer, Black, 27. Skua, 14. Skylark, ror. Snipe, European, $5. Wilson’s, 85. Snowflake, 220. McKay’s, 221. Pribilof, 220. Solitaire, Townsend’s, 316. Somateria, 57. dresseri, 57. mollissima borealis, 57. spectabilis, 58. v-nigra, 57. Sora, 79. Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 228. Aleutian Song, 243. Arizona, 239. Bachman’s, 239. Baird’s, 226. Belding’s Marsh, 225. Bell’s, 233. Bischoff’s Song, 242. Black-chinned, 234. Black-throated, 237. Boucard’s, 240. Brewer's, 233. Sparrow, Brown’s Song, 242. Bryant’s Marsh, 224. Cassin’s, 239. Chipping, 232. Clay-colored, 232. Desert Song, 241. Dusky Seaside, 229. Field, 233. Forbush’s, 243. Fox, 244. Gambel’s, 231. Golden-crowned, 231. Grasshopper, 220. Gray Sage, 235. Harris’s, 230. Heermann’s, 241. Henslow’s, 226. Intermediate, 230. Ipswich, 223. Large-billed, 225. Lark, 229. Leconte’s, 227. Lincoln’s, 243. Mexican, 239. Mountain Song, 241. Nelson’s, 227. Oregon Vesper, 223. Pine-woods, 238. Rock, 240. Rufous-crowned, 240. Rufous-winged, 240. Rusty Song, 242. Sage, 238. St. Lucas, 225. Samueis’s Song, 241. San Clemente Song, 243. Sandwich, 224. Santa Barbara Song, Savanna, 224. Scott’s Seaside, 228. Seaside, 228. Sharp-tailed, 227. Slate-colored, 245. Song, 241. Sooty Song, 242. Swamp, 244. Texas, 245. Texas Seaside, 228. Thick-billed, 245. Townsend’s, 244. (ree 2ai Vesper, 222. Western Chipping, 232. Western Field, 233. Western Grasshopper, 226. Western Henslow’s, 227. Western Lark, 229. to a bo INDEX. Sparrow, Western Savanna, 224. Western Tree, 232. Western Vesper, 223. White-crowned, 230. White-throated, 231. Worthen’s, 233. Spatula, 51. clypeata, 51. Speotyto, 150. ( cuniculara floridana, 150. cunicularia hypogzea, 150. Sphyrapicus, 163. ruber, 163. thyroideus, 163. varius, 163. varius nuchalis, 163. Spinus, 218. lawrencei, 219. notatus, 219. pinus, 220. psaltria, 218. psaltria arizonz, 219. psaltria mexicanus, 219. tristis, 218. tristis pallidus, 218. Spiza, 254. americana, 254. townsendi, 331. Spizella, 231. atrigularis, 234. breweri, 233. monticola, 231. monticola ochracea, 232. pallida, 232. pusilla, 233. pusilla arenacea, 233. socialis, 232. socialis arizonz, 232. wortheni, 233. Spoonbill, Roseate, 67. Sporophila, 253. morelleti sharpei, 253. Squatarola, 99. Starling, 202. Starncenas, 124. cyanocephala, 124. Steganopodes, 39. Steganopus, 83. Stelgidopteryx, 260. serripennis, 260. Stellula, 176. calliope, 176. Stercorariide, 13. Stercorarius, 14. longicaudus, 15. parasiticus, 14. pomarinus, 14. 367 368 Sterna, 23, 24. aleutica, 25. anzthetus, 26. antillarum, 26. dougalli, 25. elegans, 23. forsteri, 24. fuliginosa, 26. hirundo, 24. maxima, 23. paradiszea, 25. sandvicensis acuflavida, 24. trudeaui, 24. tschegrava, 23. Sternine, 22. Sternula, 25. Stilt, Black-necked, 84. Stint, Long-toed, 89. Streptoceryle, 156. Striges, 142. Strigidz, 142. Strix, 42. pratincola, 142. Sturnella, 206. magna, 206. magna mexicana, 206. magna neglecta, 206. Sturnidz, 202. Sturnus, 202. vulgaris, 202. Sula, 39. bassana, 41. brewsteri, 40. cyanops, 40. gossi, 40. loxostyla, 340. piscator, 40. sula, 40. Sulidz, 30. Surnia, 140. ulula, 149. ulula caparoch, 149. Swallow, Bahaman, 259. Bank, 259. Barn, 258. Cliff, 257. Cuban Cliff, 258. Rough-winged, 260. Aas 2isr/e Violet-green, 259. Swan, Trumpeter, 65. Whistling, 65. Whooping, 65. Swift, Black, 171. Chimney, 172. Vaux’s, 172. White-throated, 173. INDEX. Sylvania, 285. canadensis, 286. microcephala, 333. mitrata, 285. pusilla, 285. pusilla pileolata, 286. Sylviide, 313, 333. Sylviine, 313. Symphemia, 94. semipalmata, 94. semipalmata inornata, 95. Synthliboramphus, 8. antiquus, 8. Syrnium, 143. nebulosum, 143. nebulosum alleni, 143. occidentale, 143. TACHYCINETA, 258. bicolor, 258. thalassina, 259. Tachytriorchis, 132. Tanager, Cooper’s, 256. Gray’s, 255. , Hepatic, 256. Louisiana, 255. Scarlet, 255. Summer, 256. Tanagride, 254. Tantaline, 68. Tantalus, 68. loculator, 69. Tatler, Wandering, 95. Teal, Blue-winged, 50. Cinnamon, 51. European, 50. Green-winged, 50. Telmatodytes, 302. Telmatornis affinis, 338. priscus, 338. Tern, Aleutian, 25. Arctic, 25. Black, 26. Bridled, 26. Cabot’s, 24. Caspian, 23. Common, 24. Elegant, 23. Forster’s, 24. GullL-billed, 22. Least, 26. Roseate, 25. Royal, 23. Sooty, 26. Trudeau’s, 24. White-winged Black, 27. Tetraonidez, 106. Tetraonine, IIo. Thalasseus, 23. Thalassogeron, 28. culminatus, 28. Thrasaétos, 135. harpyia, 135. Thrasher, Bendire’s, 293. Brown, 293. California, 294. Crissal, 295. Curve-billed, 293. Leconte’s, 294. Mearns’s, 294. Palmer’s, 293. Sage, 201. St. Lucas, 294. Sennett’s, 293. Thrush, Audubon’s Hermit, 319. Bicknell’s, 317. Dwarf Hermit, 318. Gray-cheeked, 317. Hermit, 3109. Olive-backed, 318. Red-winged, 319. Russet-backed, 318. Varied, 321. Willow, 317. Wilson’s, 317. Wood, 316. Thryomanes, 298. Thryothorus, 297. bewickii, 298. bewickii bairdi, 299. bewickii spilurus, 299. brevicaudus, 299. leucophrys, 299. ludovicianus, 298. ludovicianus lomitensis, 298. ludovicianus miamensis, 298. Tinnunculus, 140. Titmouse, Ashy, 307. Black-crested, 306. Bridled, 307. Gray, 307. Plain, 306. Texas Tufted, 306. Tufted, 306. Totanus, 92. flavipes, 93. melanoleucus, 93. nebularius, 93. ochropus, 94. solitarius, 94. solitarius cinnamomeus, 94. Towhee, 246. Abert’s, 248. INDEX. 369 Towhee, Anthony’s, 248. Arctic, 246. California, 248. Cafion, 247. Green-tailed, 247. Guadalupe, 247. Oregon, 247. Saint Lucas, 248. Spurred, 246. White-eyed, 246. Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 64. Fulvous, 64. Tringa, 86. acuminata, 88. alpina, 89. alpina pacifica, 89. bairdii, 88. canutus, 86. cooperi, 328. couesi, 87. damacensis, 89. ferruginea, go. fuscicollis, 88. maculata, 88. maritima, 87. minutilla, 89. ptilocnemis, 87. Trochili, 173. Trochilidz, 173. Trochilus, 174. alexandri, 174. colubris, 174. violajugulum, 174. Troglodytes, 300. aédon, 300. aédon aztecus, 300. aédon parkmanii, 300. alascensis, 301. hiemalis, 301. hiemalis pacificus, 301. Troglodytide, 291. Troglodytinz, 295. Trogon, 156. ambiguus, 156. Coppery-tailed, 156. Trogones, 156. Trogonide, £56. Troupial, 207. Tryngites, 96. subruficollis, 96. Tubinares, 28. Turdide, 316. Turdinz, 316. Turdus, 316. aliciz, 317. aliciz bicknelli, 317. aonalaschke, 318. ed Turdus aonalaschke auduboni, 319. aonalaschkee pallasi, 319. fuscescens, 317. fuscescens salicicolus, 317. iliacus, 319. mustelinus, 316. ustulatus, 318. ustulatus swainsoni, 318. Turkey, Florida Wild, 118. Mexican, 118. Rio Grande Wild, 118. Wild, 118. Turnstone, 103. Black, ro4. Tympanuchus, I15. americanus, II5. americanus attwateri, 115. cupido, I15. pallidicinctus, 116. Tyrannide, 179. Tyrannus, 180. dominicensis, 180. melancholicus couchii, 181. tyrannus, 180. verticalis, 181. vociferans, 181. UINTORNIS lucaris, 345. Witas un. affinis, 339. antiqua, 339. lomvia, I2. lomvia arra, 12. troile,*11. troile californica, Ii. Urile, 44. Urinator, 3. adamsii, 4. arcticus, 4. imber, 3. lumme, 4. pacificus, 4. Urinatoride, 3. Urubitinga, 133. anthracina, 133. VANELLUS, 98. vanellus, 98. Verdin, 313. Vireo, 272, 265. atricapillus, 265. bellii, 267. bellii pusillus, 267. calidris barbatulus, 263. Vireo flavifrons, 264. flavoviridis, 263. gilvus, 264. hutttoni, 266. huttoni obscurus, 266. huttoni stephensi, 266. noveboracensis, 266. noveboracensis maynardi, 266. olivaceus, 263. philadelphicus, 263. solitarius, 264. solitarius alticola, 265. solitarius cassinii, 264. solitarius lucasanus, 265. solitarius plumbeus, 265. vicinior, 267. Vireo, Anthony’s, 266. Bell’s, 267. Black-capped, 265. Black-whiskered, 263. Blue-headed, 264. Cassin’s, 264. Gray, 267. Hutton’s, 266. Key West, 266. Least, 267. Mountain Solitary, 265. Philadelphia, 263. Plumbeous, 265. Red-eyed, 263. St. Lucas Solitary, ve Stephens’s, 266. Warbling, 264. White-eyed, 266. Yellow-green, 263. Yellow-throated, 264. Vireonide, 262, 331. Vireosylva, 262. Vulture, Black, 125. Burroughs’s Turkey, 329. California, 125. King, 320. Turkey, 125. WAGTAIL, Siberian Yellow, 289. Swinhoe’s, 289. White, 289. Warbler, Audubon’s, 275. Bachman’s, 270. Bay-breasted, 277. Bell’s, 288. Black and White, 268. Blackburnian, 277. Black-poll, 277. Black-throated Blue, 275. Black-throated Gray, 278. Warbler, Black-throated Green, 279. Blue Mountain, 333. Blue-winged, 270. Brasher’s, 288. Brewster’s, 332. Calaveras, 271. Canadian, 286. Cape May, 273. Carbonated, 332. Cerulean, 276. Chestnut-sided, 276. Cincinnati, 332. Connecticut, 282. Dusky, 272. Golden-cheeked, 278. Golden-winged, 270. Grace’s, 278. Hermit, 279. Hooded, 285. Kennicott’s Willow, 313. Kentucky, 282. Kirtland’s, 280. Lawrence’s, 331. Lucy’s, 270. Lutescent, 272. Macgillivray’s, 283. Magnolia, 276. Mangrove, 275. Mourning, 283. Myrtle, 275. Nashville, 271. Olive, 274. Orange-crowned, 272. Palm, 280. Parula, 273. Pileolated, 286. Pine, 280. Prairie, 281. Prothonotary, 268. Red, 288. Red-faced, 287. Sennett’s, 273. Small-headed, 333. Sonora Yellow, 274. Swainson’s, 269. Sycamore, 278. Tennessee, 272. Townsend's, 279. Virginia’s, 271. Wilson’s, 285. Worm-eating, 269. Yellow, 274. Yellow Palm, 280. Yellow-throated, 277. Water-Thrush, 281. Grinnell’s, 281. Louisiana, 282. INDEX. Waxwing, Bohemian, 260. Cedar, 260. Wheatear, 321. Whimbrel, 98. ' | Whip-poor-will, 168. Stephens’s, 169. Widgeon, 49. Willet, 94. Western, 95. Woodcock, American, 84. European, 84. Alpine Three-toed, 162. American Three-toed, 162. Arctic Three-toed, 162. Arizona, 161. Batchelder’s, 160. Cabanis’s, 159. Californian, 164. Downy, 159 Gairdner’s, 159. Gila, 166. Golden-fronted, 166. Hairy, 158. Harris’s, 159. Ivory-billed, 158. Lewis’s, 164. Narrow-fronted, 164. Northern Hairy, 158. Nuttall’s, 161. Pileated, 164. Red-bellied, 165. Red-cockaded, 160. Red-headed, 164. Saint Lucas, 160. Southern Hairy, 158. Texan, 160. White-headed, 161. Williamson’s, 163. Wren, Alaskan, jor.’ Baird’s, 299. Bewick’s, 298. Bryant’s Cactus, 295. Cactus, 295. Cafion, 297. Carolina, 29S. Dotted Cafion, 295. Florida, 298. Guadalupe, 299. Guadalupe Rock, 296. House, 300. Lomita, 298. Long-billed Marsh, 302. Marian’s Marsh, 303. Parkman’s, 300. Rock, 296. St. Lucas Cactus, 296. 371 Woodpecker, Alaskan Three-toed, 162. $77 Wren, San Clemente, 299. Short-billed Marsh, 301. Tulé, 302. Vigors’s, 299. Western House, 300. Western Winter, 301. White-throated, 297. — Winter, 301. Worthington’s Marsh, 302. Wren-Tit, 310. i weallidy3nn. XANTHOCEPHALUS, 204. xanthocephalus, 204. Xanthoura, 198. luxuosa, 198. Xema, 22. sabinii, 22. Xenopicus, 161. albolarvatus, 161. INDEX. YELLOW-LEGS, 93. Greater, 93 Yellow-throat, Belding’s, 284. Florida, 284. Maryland, 283. Rio Grande, 284. Western, 284. Yphantes, 208. ZENAIDA, 121. zenaida, I21. Zenaidura, 121. macroura, I21. Zonotrichia, 230. albicollis, 231. coronata, 231. leucophrys, 230. leucophrys gambeli, 231. leucophrys intermedia, 230. querula, 230. . as a a - - 7 Ae v TR id Pry ul a ,' i ac % a+ aoe bad fy. pe at pa ase ee eae ny ie icvrei, Aa i ™ + a be (or a al 7 PA. uf =) ee ees iy as Je it a ‘Gs ¥ Pts ae