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CHECK-LIST

OF

NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS

PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE

OF THE

American Ornithologists' Union

SECOND AND REVISED EDITION

Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological Science

NEW YORK
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION

1895

Copyright, 1895,
BY AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS' UNION.

Cambri&ae, Mass. :
PRESS OF EDWARD W. WHEELER.

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.

AT the first Congress of the American Ornithologists'
Union, held in New York, September 26-29, 1883, the
following resolution was adopted : —

"Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Committee of five,
including himself, to whom shall be referred the question of a Re-
vision of the Classification and Nomenclature of the Birds of North
America."

In pursuance of this resolution the following Committee was
appointed : Messrs. Coues, Allen, Ridgway, Brewster, and
Henshaw.

The Committee, having held numerous sessions in Wash-
ington and New York, presented its Report at the second Con-
gress of the Union, held in New York, Sept. 30 to Oct. 2,
1884, when the following resolution was adopted : —

" Resolved, That the Report of the Committee on the Revision of
the Nomenclature and Classification of North American Birds be ac-
cepted and adopted, and that it be recommitted to the Committee,
with instructions to complete and submit it to the Council as soon as
practicable ; and that the Council be empowered and instructed to
accept and adopt the Report as finally rendered, with such modifica-
tions as they may deem necessary, and to publish the same, copy-
righted, in part or in whole, and in one or more forms, in the name
and under the auspices of the American Ornithologists' Union."

The Committee, having continued its sessions, presented its
final report to the Council at a meeting held in Washington

88342

iv PREFACE.

on the 2ist of April, 1885, when the Report of the Committee
was accepted and adopted, and was referred again to the Com-
mittee for publication, the Committee to exercise such edi-
torial revison as might seem necessary.

Pursuant to the foregoing resolutions of the Union and
Council, the Committee now offers to the public, in the name
and on behalf of the Union, the result of its labors, consist-
ing of a List of North American Birds, preceded by the Code
of Rules adopted by the Committee for its guidance in the
preparation of the List.

The Committee ventures to hope that the new Code will
find favor, not only with ornithologists, but among zoolo-
gists generally.

ELLIOTT COUES.
J. A. ALLEN.
ROBERT RIDGWAY.
WILLIAM BREWSTER.
H. W. HENSHAW.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

AT the Eleventh Congress of the American Ornithologists'
Union, held in Cambridge, Mass., November 20-23,
1894, it was voted to publish, as early as practicable, a new
edition of the Union's Check-List of North American Birds,
to include the numerous additions and nomenclatural changes
made in the several Supplements1 to the Check-List since
the publication of the original edition, together with a
revision of the ' habitats' of the species and subspecies, but
omitting the Code of Nomenclature.2 The original Com-

1 Supplement | to the | Code of Nomenclature and Check-List | of | North
American Birds | adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union | Prepared by |
a Committee of the Union | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union |
1889. — 8vo» PP- 23-

Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of
North American Birds. The Auk, VII, Jan. 1890, pp. 60-66. Also separate.

Third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North
American Birds. The Auk, VIII, Jan. 1891, pp. 83-90. Also separate.

Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of
North American Birds. The Auk, IX, Jan. 1892, pp. 105-108. Also separate.

Fifth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North
American Birds. The Auk, X, Jan. 1893, pp. 59-63. Also separate.

Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of North
American Birds. The Auk, XI, Jan. 1894, pp. 46-51. Also separate.

Seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-List of
North American Birds. The Auk, XII, April, 1894, pp. 163-169. Also separate.

Check-List | of | North American Birds | according to the Canons of Nomen-
clature | of the | American Ornithologists' Union | — | Abridged Edition | Re-
vised | — | Published by the American Ornithologists' Union | 1889. — 8vo, pp. 71.
Includes the additions to the original Check-List made in the first Supplement.

2 Republished separately in 1892 as a pamphlet of 72 pages with the following
title : The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists'
Union | — | Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zoological
Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists' Union | 1892.

vi PREFACE.

mittee on Classification and Nomenclature of North Amer-
ican Birds was reappointed1 to take charge of the work.
The Committee held sessions in Washington, D. C., January
15-19, 1894, and February 12, 13, 1895. to outline the work
and to rule on the questions involved in the publication of
the revised List. The revision of the matter relating to the
geographic distribution of the species and subspecies was
undertaken by the Committee as a whole, each member in
turn taking it in hand, while the incorporation of typographic
and other rectifications made during the sessions of the Com-
mittee,2 and the final preparation of the manuscript for the
printer, was referred to a subcommittee consisting of the
Editor of ' The Auk,' to whom was also assigned the general
editorial supervision of the work.

The following extracts from the Introduction to the Code
of Nomenclature (pp. 14, 15) will serve to explain the scope
and plan of the Check-List, including the method of incor-
porating additions.

" i. That the term ' North American,' as applied to the proposed
List of Birds, be held to include the continent of North America
north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and
Greenland ; and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands
naturally belonging thereto.

" 2. That species be numbered consecutively, and that subspecies
be enumerated by affixing the letters #, £, c, etc., to the number borne
by their respective species ; provided, that any subspecies of a species
not included in the North American Fauna shall be separately num-
bered as if a species.

"3. That stragglers or accidental visitors, not regarded as com-
ponents of the North American Fauna, be distinguished by having
their respective numbers in brackets.

1 With the exception of Mr. H. W. Henshaw, who was unable to serve, and
Dr. C. Hart Merriam was appointed in his stead.

2 The Committee desires to here acknowledge valuable assistance received,
especially in the preparation of the geographic portions of the list, from Major
Charles Bendire, Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Dr. Walter Faxon, Dr. A. K. Fisher,
Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and Dr. T. S. Palmer. The Committee is further indebted
to Dr. Palmer for numerous corrections in the citations of original references.

PREFACE. vii

" 4. That any subsequent additions to the list be interpolated in
systematic order, and bear the number of the species immediately
preceding, with the addition of a figure (i, 2, etc., as the case may
require), separated from the original number by a period or decimal
point, thus giving the interpolated number a decimal form (e. g.,
243.1, etc.), in order that the original numbers may be permanent.

" 6. That Giraud's at present unconfirmed species of Texan birds
be included in the List on Giraud's authority.

" 7. That species and subspecies the zoological status of which
cannot be satisfactorily determined, like, e. g., Regulus cuvieri and
Spiza townsendi of Audubon, be referred to a hypothetical list, in
each case with a brief statement of the reasons for such allocation.

" 8. That a list of the fossil species of North American birds be
added as an Appendix to the List proper.

"9. That the names of subgeneric and supergeneric groups of
North American birds be included in the List in systematic order,
to the end that the List may represent a classification as well as a
nomenclature of the birds.

" 10. That references be given to the original description of the
species, and to the publication where the name as adopted in the
List was first used ; that the number borne by each species and sub-
species in the Lists of Baird, 1858, of Coues, 1873, of Ridgway,
1880, and of Coues, 1882, be bracketed in chronological order after
the synonymatic references.

" 1 1 . That a summary statement of the habitat of each species
and subspecies, with special reference to its North American range,
be included in the List.

"12. That the name of each bird shall consist of its generic
without its subgeneric name, and of its specific with its subspecific
name, if it have one, without the intervention of any other term.

*******

" 1 4. That every technical name be followed by a vernacular name,
selected with due regard to its desirability.

"15. That the name of each species and subspecies be followed
by the name of the original describer of the same, to be enclosed in
parentheses when it is not also the authority for the name adopted.

viii PREFACE.

"16. That all specific and subspecific names shall begin with a
lower-case letter.

"17. That the sequence in classification followed in previous
Lists be reversed, the List to begin with the lowest or most general-
ized type, and end with the highest or most specialized."

ELLIOTT COUES.
J. A. ALLEN.
WILLIAM BREWSTER.
C. HART MERRIAM.
ROBERT RIDGWAY.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION iii

PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION v

CHECK-LIST i

I. PYGOPODES i

a. Podicipedes ........... i

1. Podicipidae .......... i

b. Cepphi ... 3

2. Urinatoridae • • 3

3. Alcidae ........... 5

II. LONGIPENNES ........... 13

4. Stercorariidae ......... 13

5. Laridae 15

6. Rynchopidze ......... 27

III. TUBINARES 28

7. Diomedeidae ......... 28

8. Procellariidse ......... 29

IV. STEGANOPODES .......... 39

9. Phaethontidas 39

10. Sulidae 39

11. Anhingidse .......... 41

12. Phalacrocoracidse 42

13. Pelecanidae 45

14. Fregatidae .......... 46

V. ANSERES ............ 47

15. Anatidae .......... 47

VI. ODONTOGLOSS>E 66

16. Phoenicopteridae 66

VII. HERODIONES 66

c. Ibides 66

17. Plataleidae 66

18. Ibididae 67

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE

68

d. C iconise

19. Ciconiidae

60

e. Herodii .

uy

20. Ardeidae

69

VIII. PALUDICOL;E .

75

/ Grues

75

21. Gruidae

• 75

76

g. Ralli

»**

22. Aramidae

76

23. Rallidae

76

IX. LIMICOL^E

82

24. Phalaropodidse

82

2 ic. Recurvirostridae .

83

J

26. Scolopacidae .

84

o

27. Charadriidae

98

28. Aphrizidae .

• 103

29. Haematopodidie

I04

30. Jacanidse

• 105

106

X. GALLING .

h. Phasiani

107

31. Tetraonidae

. . • • -107

32. Phasianidae

• • "7

/. Penelopes

JI9

33. Cracidae

119

XI. COLUMB^E

"9

34. Columbidae

"9

XII. RAPTORES

124

j. Sarcorhamphi

• 124

35. Cathartidae .

124

k. Falcones

126

36. Falconidae

126

/. Striges ....

H2

37. Strigidae

H2

38. Bubonidae

-H2

XIII. PSITTACI .

152

39. Psittacidae

152

XIV. COCCYGES .

i53

m. Cuculi.

:53

40. Cuculidae

153

n. Trogones

156

41. Trogonidae .

156

o. Alcyones

156

42. Alcedinidae .

156

TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi

PAGE

XV. PICI "• • 157

43. Picidae . . I57

XVI. MACROCHIRES r68

P. Caprimulgi ........... 168

44. Caprimulgidae 168

q. Cypseli i*j\

45. Micropodidae ......... 171

r. Trochili ^

46. Trochilidae . . . . 173

XVII. PASSERES I?9

5. Clamatores ............ 179

47. Cotingidae . . . . . . . . . -179

48.^ Tyrannidae .......... 179

t. Oscines ............ 191

49. Alaudidae 191

50. Corvidae .......... 194

51. Sturnidae ........;. 202

52. Icteridae 202

53. Fringillidae 21 1

54. Tanagridae . 254

55. Hirundinidae 256

56. Ampelidae 260

57. Laniidae 26i

58. Vireonidze 262

59. Coerebidae 267

60. Mniotiltidae .......... 268

61. Motacillidae 288

62. Cinclidae 291

63. Troglodytidae 29I

64. Certhiidae 3o3

65. Paridae 3o4

66. Sylviidae 3!3

67. Turdidae fi

HYPOTHETICAL LIST 325

THE FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA 335

INDEX 347

CHECK-LIST.

ORDER PYGOPODES. DIVING BIRDS.

SUBORDER PODICIPEDES. GREBES.
FAMILY PODICIPIDJE. GREBES.

GENUS -S3CHMOPHORTJS COUES.

^Echmophorus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1862, 229.
Type, Podiceps occidentalis LAWR.

1. -ffichmophorus occidentalis (LAWR.).

Western Grebe.

Podiceps occidentalis LAWR. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 894.
sEchmophorus occidentalis COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862,
229.

[B 704, C 608, R 729, C 845-]

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. — Western North America, eastward
to Manitoba, south to central Mexico.

GENUS COLYMBUS LINNAEUS.

Colymbus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 135. Type, by elimination,
Colymbus cristatus LINN.

SUBGENUS COLYMBUS.

2. Colymbus holbcellii (REINH.).

HolbcelPs Grebe.

Podiceps holbcellii REINH. Vid. Med. 1853, 76.

Colymbus holbcellii RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 428.

2 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[6702, C6io, R73i, C847.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, including Greenland. Also
eastern Siberia, and southward to Japan. Breeds in high latitudes,
migrating south in winter.

SUBGENUS DYTES KAUP.

Dytes KAUP, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 41. Type, Colymbus
auritus LINN.

3. Colymbus auritus LINN.

Horned Grebe.

Colymbus auritus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 135.

[B 706, C 611, R 732, C 848.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere. Breeds from the northern
United States northward.

4. Colymbus nigricollis calif ornicus (HEERM.).

American Eared Grebe.

Podiceps californicus HEERM. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila. 1854, 179.
Colymbus nigricollis californicus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
VIII. 1885, 356.

[B 707, C 612, R 7330, C85o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and western North America, from the
Mississippi Valley westward, southward to Guatemala.

SUBGENUS PODICEPS LATHAM.

Podiceps LATH. Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 780. Type, by elimination,
Colymbus Jluviatilis TUNST.

5. Colymbus dominicus LINN.

St. Domingo Grebe.

Colymbus dominicus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 223.

[B7o80, C6i3, R734, €851.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Texas and Lower California southward
through tropical America to Paraguay, including the West Indies.

ORDER PYGOPODES.

GENUS PODILYMBUS LESSON.

Podilymbus LESS. Trait6, I. 1831, 595. Type, Colymbus podiceps
LINN.

6. Podilymbus podiceps (LINN.).

Pied-billed Grebe.

Colymbus podiceps LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 13^.
Podilymbus podiceps LAWR. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 898.

[B 709, C 614, R 735, C 852.]

GEOG. DIST. — British Provinces southward to Brazil, Argentine
Republic, and Chili, including the West Indies and Bermuda,
breeding nearly throughout its range.

SUBORDER CEPPHI. LOONS AND AUKS.
FAMILY URINATORIDJE. LOONS.

GENUS URINATOR CUVIER.

Urinator Cuv. Anat. Comp. I. 1800, tabl. ii. Type, Colymbus
imber GUNN.

7. Urinator imber (GUNN.).

Loon.

Colymbus imber GUNNERUS, Trondh. Selsk. Skr. I. 1761, pi. iii.
Urinator imber STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamchat. 1885, 313.

[B 698, C 605, R 736, C 840.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern part of northern hemisphere. In North
America breeds from the northern tier of States northward ; ranges
in winter south to the Gulf of Mexico and Lower California.

4 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

8. Urinator adamsii (GRAY).

Yellow-billed Loon.

Colymbus adamsii GRAY, P. Z. S. 1859, 167.

Urinator adamsii STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 43.

[B— C 6050, R 737, C 841.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America, west of Hudson Bay, and north-
eastern Asia. Casual in northern Europe.

9. Urinator arcticus (LINN.).

Black-throated Loon.

Colymbus arcticus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 135.
Urinator arcticus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 43.

[B 699, C 606, R 738, C 842.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern part of the northern hemisphere. In
North America of casual occurrence in autumn and winter in the
northern United States east of Rocky Mountains.

10. Urinator pacificus (LAWR.).

Pacific Loon.

Colymbus pacificus LAWR. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 889.
Urinator pacificus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 43.

[B 700, C 6060, R 739, C 843.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, south in winter to
Cape St. Lucas and Guadalupe Island.

11. Urinator lumme (GUNN.).

Red-throated Loon.

Colymbus lumme GUNN. Trond. Selsk. Skr. I. 1761, pi. ii. fig. 2.
Urinator lumme STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 43.

[B 701, C 607, R 740, C 844-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern part of northern hemisphere, migrating
southward in winter nearly across the United States.

ORDER PYGOPODES. 5

FAMILY ALCIDJE. AUKS, MURRES, AND PUFFINS.
SUBFAMILY FRATERCULINJE. PUFFINS.

GENUS LTJNDA PALLAS.

Lunda PALL. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 363. Type, Alca
cirrhata PALL. %

12. Lunda cirrhata PALL.

Tufted Puffin.

Alca cirrhata PALL. Spic. Zool. V. 1769, 7, pi. i., pi. ii. figs. 1-3.
Lunda cirrhata PALL. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 363, pi. 82.

[6712,716, C6i9, R 745, C 856.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific from the
Santa Barbara Islands, California, to Alaska, and from Japan to
Bering Strait. Accidental on the coast of Maine.

GENUS FRATERCTJLA BRISSON.
Fratercula BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 81. Type, Alca arctica LINN.

13. Fratercula arctica (LINN.).

Puffin.

Alca arctica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130.
Fratercula arctica SCHAFFER, Mus. Orn. 1789, 61.

[B 715, C6i8, R743, C854.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, breeding
on the North American coast from the Bay of Fundy northward.
South in winter to Long Island, and casually further.

. Fratercula arctica glacialis (TEMM.).

Large-billed Puffin.

Fratercula glacialis STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. Aves, XIII. pt. i,

1826, 40.
Fratercula arctica ft glacialis BLASIUS, List B. Europ. 1862, 24.

CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B7i4j C6i8«, R743«, C 855.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, from Spitz-
bergen to northern and western Greenland.

14. Fratercula corniculata (NAUM.).

Horned Puffin.

Mormon corniculata NAUM. Isis, 1821, 782, pi. vii. figs. 3, 4.
Fratercula corniculata BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Pe"tersb. II. 1837,
348.

[B7i3, C6i7, R744, C853.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from the
Kuril Islands to British Columbia.

SUBFAMILY PHALERIN.ZE. AUKLETS, MURRELETS, GUILLEMOTS.

GENUS CERORHINCA BONAPARTE.

Cerorhinca BONAP. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1828, 427. Type, C. occi-
dentalis BP. = Alca monocerata PALL.

15. Cerorhinca monocerata (PALL.).

Rhinoceros Auklet.

Alca monocerata PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 362.
Cerorhina monocerata CASS. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 905.

[B 717, 718, C 620, R 746, C857.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, breeding
southward (formerly) to the Farallones ; in winter southward to
Lower California and Japan.

GENUS PTYCHORAMPHUS BRANDT.

Ptychoramphus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. P6tersb. II. 1837, 347.
Type, Uria aleutica PALL.

ORDER PYGOPODES. 7

16. Ptychoramphus aleuticus (PALL.).

Cassin's Auklet.

Uria aleutica PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 370.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Pe"tersb. II. 1837,

347-

[B724, C 625, R 75i,C862.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from the Aleutian
Islands to Lower California, breeding southward to San Geronimo
Island (Lat. 30°).

GENUS CYCLORRHYNCHUS KAUP.

Cyclorrhynchus KAUP, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 155. Type,
Alca psittacula PALL.

17. Cyclorrhynchus psittaculus (PALL.).

Paroquet Auklet.

Alca psittacula PALL. Spic. Zool. V. 1760, 13, pi. ii., pi. v. figs.

4-6.

Cyclorhynchus psittaculus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Aug.
5, 1884, 216.

[6725, C62i, R747, C8S8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from Sitka
and the Kuril Islands northward.

GENUS SIMORHYNCHTJS MERREM.
SUBGENUS SIMORHYNCHUS.

Simorhynchus MERREM, in ERSCH & GRUBER'S Encycl. i sect.
II. 1819, 405. Type, Alca cristatella PALL.

18. Simorhynchus cristatellus (PALL).

Crested Auklet.

Alca cristatella PALL. Spic. Zool. V. 1769, 20, pi. iii., pi. v. figs.

7-9-
Simorhynchus cristatellus BONAP. Compt. Rend. XLII. 1856, 774.

8 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B7i9, 720, C622, R748, C859.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from
Kadiak and Japan northward.

SUBGENUS PHALERIS TEMMINCK.

Phaleris TEMM. Man. Orn. 1820, p. cxii. Type, by elimination,
Alca pygmcea GMEL.

19. Simorhynchus pygmasus (GMEL.).

Whiskered Auklet.

Alca pygmcea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 555.

Simorhynchus pygmceus BRANDT, Mel. Biol. VII. 1869, 222.

[B72i, €623, R749, C86o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from
Unalaska through the Aleutian chain to Kamchatka.

SUBGENUS CICERONIA REICHENBACH.

Ciceronia REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iii. Type, Phaleris micro-
ceros BRANDT = Uria pusilla PALL.

20. Simorhynchus pusillus (PALL.).

Least Auklet.

Uria pusilla PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 373, pi. 70.
Simorhynchus pusillus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 324.

[B722, 723, C624, R75o, C86i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from Sitka
and Japan northward to Bering Strait.

GENUS SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS BRANDT.

Synthliboramphus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. II. 1837, 347-
Type, Alca antiqua GMEL.

"21. Synthliboramphus antiquus (GMEL.).

Ancient Murrelet.

Alca antiqua GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 554.

Synthliboramphus antiquus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. II.

1837, 347-

ORDER PYGOPODES. 9

[B 734, 736, C 627, R 753, 759, C 864, 870.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, from
southern Vancouver Island and Japan northward. Accidental in
Wisconsin.

GENUS BRACHYRAMPHUS BRANDT.

Brachyramphus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. P£tersb. II. 1837, 346.
Type, Colymbus marmoratus GMEL.

23. Brachyramphus marmoratus (GMEL.).

Marbled Murrelet.

Colymbus marmoratus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 583.
Brachyramphus marmoratus BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. II.
i837» 346.

[B 732, 733, C 629, R 755, C 866.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific ; on the
American coast from San Diego northward, and breeding as far
south as Vancouver Island.

24. Brachyramphus kittlitzii BRANDT.

Kittlitz's Murrelet.

Brachyramphus kittlitzii BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. P£tersb. II. 1837,
346.

[B 735. C 630, R 756, C 867.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Japan, Kamchatka and Aleutian Islands,
east to Unalaska.

25. Brachyramphus hypoleucus XANTUS.

Xa n tus' s Murrelet.

Brachyrhamphus hypoleucus XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Nov. 1859, 299.

[B— C— R757, C868.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of southern and Lower California, from
Santa Barbara Island to Cape St. Lucas.

10 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

26. Brachyramphus craveri (SALVAD.).
Craveri's Murrelet.

Uria craveri SALVAD. Atti Soc. It. Sc. Nat. VIII. 1866, Estr.

p. 17.
Brachyrhamphus craverii COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,

66.

[B- C- R758, C869.]

GEOG. DIST. — Both coasts of Lower California, from Cape St.
Lucas northward to Espiritu Santo Island in the Gulf of California,
and to Natividad Island (lat. 28° ) on the Pacific side.

GENUS CEPPHUS PALLAS.

Cepphus PALL. Spic. Zool. V. 1769, 33. Type, C. lacteolus PALL.
= C. grylle, albino.

27. Cepphus grylle (LINN.).

Black Guillemot.

Alca grylle LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130.

Cepphus grylle BREHM, Handb. Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 987.

[B >]26,part, C 631, /«*•/, R 760, part, C 871, part.'}

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of northern Europe, south to Denmark and
the British Islands. Newfoundland and coast of Maine, south in
winter to Philadelphia.

28. Cepphus mandtii (LIGHT.).

Mandt's Guillemot.

Uria mandtii LIGHT, in MANDT'S Obs. Itin. Dissert. 1822, 30.
Cepphus mandtii BP. Cat. Parzud. 1856, 12.

[B >j26,part, C 631, part, R impart, C 871, part.~\

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions of both continents; south on the
Atlantic coast of North America, in winter, to Massachusetts,
breeding south to Hudson Bay and Labrador ; Alaskan coast, south,
in winter, to Norton Sound.

ORDER PYGOPODES. II

29. Cepphus columba PALL.

Pigeon Guillemot.

Cepphus columba PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 348.
[B 727, C 632, R 761, C 872.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, southward
from Bering Strait to northern Japan and the Santa Barbara Islands,
California.

SUBFAMILY ALCINJE. AUKS AND MURRES.

GENUS URIA BRISSON.

Uria BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 70. Type, by elimination, Colymbus
troile LINN.

30. Uria troile (LINN.).

Murre.

Colymbus troile LINN. Faun. Suec. ed. 1761, 52 ; S. N. ed. 12, I.

1766, 220.
Uria troile LATH. Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 796.

[B 729, 730, C 634, R 763, C 874.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, southward
on the coast of North America, in winter, to southern New England ;
breeding from the Magdalen Islands northward.

30 #. Uria troile calif ornica (BRYANT).

California Murre.

Catarractes calif ornicus BRYANT, Pr. Bost. Soc. VIII. 1861, n,

figs. 3, 5.
Uria troile californica RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 483.

[B— C— R 763,7, C 875.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, breeding
from California north to the Pribilof Islands.

12 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

31. Uria lorn via (LINN.).

Brimnich's Murre.

Alca lomvia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130.

Urialomvia BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII. May, 1861, 75.

[3-731, C635, R764tf, C876.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and
eastern Arctic Oceans ; south to the lakes of northern New York
and the coast of New Jersey. Breeding from the Gulf of St.
Lawrence northward.

31 a. Uria lomvia arra (PALL.).

Pallas's Murre.

Cepphus arra PALL. Zoog. Rosso-As. II. 1826, 347.

Uria lomvia arra RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. Sept. 1884, 485.

[B — , C — , R 764, C -.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Pacific and
western Arctic Oceans, south to Kadiak and Kamchatka.

GENUS ALCA LINNAEUS.

Alca LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130. Type, by elimination,
Alca tor da LINN.

32. Alca torda LINN.

Razor-billed Auk.

Alca torda LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130.
[B7u, C6i6, R742, C877.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, south in
winter on the North American coast casually to North Carolina,
breeding from eastern Maine northward.

GENUS PLAUTUS BRUNNICH.
Plautus BRUNN. Zool. Fund. 1772, 78. Type, Alca impennis LINN.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 13

33. Plautus impennis (LINN.).

Great Auk.

Alca impennis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 130.
Plautus impennis STEENSTR. Vid. Med. Nat. For. Kj0b. 1855,
114.

[B 710, C 615, R 741, C 878.]

GEOG. DIST. — Formerly the coasts and islands of the North
Atlantic, from Massachusetts and Ireland northward nearly to the
Arctic Circle. Now extinct.

SUBFAMILY ALLLNJE. DOVEKIES.

GENUS ALLE LINK.

Alle LINK, Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock, I. 1806, 17.
Type, Alca alle LINN.

34. Alle alle (LINN.).

Dovekie.

Alca alle LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 131.

Alle alle STEJNEGER, Stand. Nat. Hist. IV, 1885, 69.

[B 738, C 626, R 752, C 863.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and eastern
Arctic Oceans ; in North America south in winter to New Jersey ;
breeds in high northern latitudes. Accidental in Michigan.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. LONG-WINGED
SWIMMERS.

FAMILY STERCORARIID-ffi. SKUAS AND JAEGERS.

GENUS MEGALESTRIS BONAPARTE.

Megalestris BONAP. Cat. Parzudaki, 1856, n. Type, Catharacta
skua BRUNN.

14 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

35. Megalestris skua (BRUNN.).

Skua.

Catharacta skua BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 33.
Megalestris skua RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Sept. 4, 1880,
208.

[B 652, C 539, R 696, C 764.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, chiefly
northward. South to Spain and North Carolina. Apparently rare
on the coast of North America.

GENUS STERCORARIUS BRISSON.

Stercorarius BRISS. Orn. V. 1760, 149. Type, Larus parasiticus
LINN.

36. Stercorarius pomarinus (TEMM.).

Pomarine Jaeger.

Larus pomarinus TEMM. Man. d'Orn. 1815, 514.

Stercorarius pomarinus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. XXXII. 1819, 158.

[B 653, C 540, R 697, C 765.]

GEOG. DIST. — Seas and inland waters of northern portions of
the northern hemisphere, south in winter to Africa, Australia, and
probably South America.

37. Stercorarius parasiticus (LINN.).

Parasitic Jaeger.

Larus parasiticus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136.
Stercorarius parasiticus SCHAFF. Mus. Orn. 1789, 62, pi. 37.

[B 654, C 541, R 698, C 766.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern part of northern hemisphere, southward
in winter to South Africa and South America. Breeds in high
northern districts, and winters from New York and California south-
ward to Brazil.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 15

38. Stercorarius longicaudus VIEILL.

Long-tailed Jaeger.

Stercorarius longicaudus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. XXXII. 1819, 157.
[B 655, C 542, R 699, C 767.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern part of northern hemisphere, breeding
in high northern districts ; south in winter to the Gulf of Mexico.

FAMILY LARIDJE. GULLS AND TERNS.
SUBFAMILY LARINJE. GULLS.

GENUS GAVIA BOIE.

Gavia BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563. Type, Larus eburneus PHIPPS =
Larus albus GUNN.

39. Gavia alba (GUNN.).

Ivory Gull.

Larus albus GUNN. in LEEM'S Beskr. Finm. Lapp. 1767, 285.
Gavia alba STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 39.

[B 676, 677, C 550, R 657, C 785.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic Seas, south in winter on the Atlantic coast
of North America to Labrador and Newfoundland, casually to New
Brunswick, and on the Pacific side to Bering Sea.

GENUS RISSA STEPHENS.

Rissa STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XIII. 1825, 180. Type, Larus
tridactylus LINN.

40. Rissa tridactyla (LINN.).

Kittiwake.

Larus tridactylus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136.
Rissa tridactyla BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 62.

1 6 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[6672, €552, R658, C 782.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions, south in eastern North America
in winter to the Great Lakes and the Middle States.

40 #. Rissa tridactyla pollicaris RIDGW.

Pacific Kittiwake.

Rissa tridactyla pollicaris " STEJN. MS." RIDGW. Water B. N.
Am. II. 1884, 202.

[B — , C 552^, R 6580, C 783.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of North Pacific and Bering Sea, south in
winter casually to southern California.

41. Rissa brevirostris (BRUCH).
Red-legged Kittiwake.

Larus brevirostris BRUCH, J. f. O. 1853, 103.

Rissa brevirostris LAWR. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 855.

[B 674, 675, C 553, R 659, C 784.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of Bering Sea.

GENUS LARUS LINNAEUS.

Larus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136. Type, by elimination,
L. canus LINN.

42. Larus glaucus BRUNN.

Glaucous Gull.

Larus glaucus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 44.

[B 656, C 543, R 660, C 768.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions, south in winter in North America to
the Great Lakes and Long Island.

42.1. Larus barrovianus RIDGW.

Point Barrow Gull.

Larus barrovianus RIDGW. Auk, III. July, 1886, 330.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 17

[B-, C — R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Bering Sea and contiguous waters ; northeastward to
Point Barrow, southwestward to Japan.
/

43. Larus leucopterus FABER.

Iceland Gull.

Larus leucopterus FABER, Prodr. Isl. Orn. 1822, 91.
[B658, €544, R66i, €769.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions, south in winter in North America
to Massachusetts and the Great Lakes, occasionally much further
south.

44. Larus glaucescens NAUM.

Glaucous-winged Gull.

Larus glaucescens NAUM. Naturg. Vog. Deutschl. X. 1840, 351.
[B 657, 659, C 545, R 662, C 770.]

GEOG. DIST.-^ Pacific coast of North America, from Alaska south
to California ; on the Asiatic side south to Japan.

45. Larus kumlieni BREWST.

Kumlien's Gull.

Larus kumlieni BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VIII. 1883, 216.
[B— C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — North Atlantic coast of North America, breeding
in Cumberland Gulf ; south in winter to the coast of the Middle
States.

46. Larus nelsoni HENSH.

Nelson's Gull.

Larus nelsoni HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 250.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Norton Sound, Alaska.

2

1 8 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

47. Lams marinus LINN.

Great Black-backed Gull.

Larus marinus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136.
[B 660, C 546, R663, C 771.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of the North Atlantic ; south in winter to
Long Island and Italy.

48. Larus schistisagus STEJN.

Slaty-backed Gull.

Larus schistisagus STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 231.
[B— , C— R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — North Pacific, chiefly on the Asiatic side ; Herald
Island, Arctic Ocean, and Alaskan coast of Bering Sea.

49. Larus occidentalis AUD.

Western Gull.

Larus occidentalis AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 320.

[B 662, C 547^, R 664, C 774.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, breeding from
Lower California northward to British Columbia.

[50.] Larus affinis REINH.

Siberian Gull.

Larus affinis REINH. Vid. Med. 1853, 78.

[B— C— , R 665, C 776.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Asia and Europe, southward in winter to
northern Africa. Accidental in Greenland.

51. Larus argentatus BRUNN.

Herring Gull.

Larus argentatus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 44.
[B- C547, R666, C772-]

GEOG. DIST. — Old World, south to the Azores ; Cumberland
Sound ; occasional on the eastern coast of the United States.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 19

51 a. Larus argentatus smithsonianus COUES.

American Herring Gull.

Larus smithsonianus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 296.
Larus argentatus var. smithsonianus COUES, Check-List, 1873,
no. 5470.

[B 661, C 5470, R 6660, C 773.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, breeding from Maine,
northern New York, the Great Lakes, and Minnesota northward ;
in winter south to Cuba and Lower California.

52. Larus vegae (PALMEN).

Vega Gull.

Larus argentatus var. vegce PALM. Bidr. Sibirisk. Vega Exp. 1887,

37°-
Larus vegce STEJN. Auk, V. July, 1888, 310.

[B-, C— , R667, C775.]

GEOG. DIST. — Bering Sea and adjacent waters, south in winter to
California and Japan.

53. Larus calif ornicus LAWR.

California Gull.

Larus californicus LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VI. 1854, 79.
[B 663, C 5480, R 668, C 777.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, chiefly in the interior,
from Alaska to Mexico.

54. Larus delawarensis ORD.

Ring-billed Gull.

Larus delawarensis ORD, GUTHRIE'S Geog. 2d Am. ed. 1815, 319.
[B 664, C 548, R 669, C 778.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large ; south in winter to Cuba
and Mexico.

20 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

55. Lams brachyrhynchus RICH.

Short-billed Gull.

Larus brachyrhynchus RICH. F. B. A. II. 1831, 421.
[B 665, 673, C 549, R 670, C 780.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America and Pacific coast, south in winter to
southern California.

[56.] Larus canus LINN.

Mew Gull.

Larus canus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136.

[B— C— , R67i, C779.]
GEOG. DIST. — Europe and Asia ; accidental in Labrador ?

57. Larus heermanni CASS.

Heermann's Gull.

Larus heermanni CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI. 1852, 187.

[B666, C 551, R 672, C 781.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from British
Columbia to Panama.

58. Larus atricilla LINN.

Laughing Gull.

Laru* atricilla LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 136.
[B 667, C 554, R 673, C 786.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States,
north to Maine and Nova Scotia ; south in winter through West
Indies, Mexico (both coasts), Central America, and northern South
America (Atlantic side) to the Lower Amazon.

59. Larus franklinii Sw. & RICH.

Franklin's Gull.

Larus franklinii Sw. & RICH. F. B. A. II. 1831, 424, pi. 71.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 21

[B 668, 669, C 555, R 674, C 787-]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, chiefly west of the
Mississippi River and east of the Rocky Mountains, breeding from
Iowa northward ; south in winter through Mexico and Central
America to Peru.

60. Larus Philadelphia (ORD).

Bonaparte's Gull.

Sterna Philadelphia ORD, GUTHRIE'S Geog. 2d Am. ed. II. 1815,

Larus Philadelphia GRAY, List Brit. B. 1863, 235.
[B 670, C 556, R 675, C 788.]

GEOG. DIST. — Whole of North America, breeding mostly north
of the United States. Not yet recorded from south of the United
States, though reported from the Bermudas.

[60.1.] Larus minutus PALL.

Little Gull.

Larus minutus PALL. Reis. Russ. Reichs. III. App. No. 35,
1771, 702.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and parts of Asia and Africa ; accidental in
Bermuda and on Long Island.

GENUS RHODOSTETHIA MACGILLIVRAY.

Rhodostethia MACGIL. Man. Brit. Orn. II. 1842, 253. Type,
Larus roseus MACGIL.

61. Rhodostethia rosea (MACGIL.).

Ross's Gull.

Larus roseus MACGIL. Mem. Wern. Soc. V. 1824, 249.
Rhodostethia rosea BONAP. Rev. Crit. Orn. Eur. Degland, 1850,
201.

22 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B678, C 557, R 676, C 789.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions; south in autumn and winter to
Kamchatka, Point Barrow, Alaska, and Disco Bay, Greenland.
Casual in England, Faroes, Helgoland, etc.

GENUS XEMA LEACH.

Xema LEACH, Ross's Voy. App. 1819, p. Ivii. Type, Larus
sabinii SAB.

62. Xema sabinii (SAB.).

Sabine's Gull.

Larus sabinii J. SAB. Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 1818, 520, pi. 29.
Xema sabini LEACH, App. Ross's Voy. Baff. Bay. /j.to ed. 1819,
Ivii.

[B 680, C 558, R 677, C 790.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions; in North America south in winter
to New York, the Great Lakes, and Great Salt Lake ; casual in
Kansas, Bahama, and on coast of Peru.

SUBFAMILY STERNIN^!. TERNS.
GENUS G-ELOCHELIDON BREHM.

Gelochelidon BREHM, Isis, 1830, 994. Type, G. meridionalis
BREHM = Sterna nilotica HASSELQ.

63. Gelochelidon nilotica (HASSELQ.).

Gull-billed Tern.

Sterna nilotica HASSELQ. Reise nach Pal. Deutsche Ausg. 1762,

325-
Gelochelidon nilotica STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 366.

[B 681, C 560, R 679, C 792.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan ; in North America chiefly
along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, breed-
ing north to southern New Jersey, and wandering casually to Long
Island and Massachusetts; in winter both coasts of Mexico and
Central America and south to Brazil.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 23

GENUS STERNA LINNAEUS.
SUBGENUS THALASSBUS BOIE.

Thalasseus BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563. Type, Sterna caspia PALL. =
S. tschegrava LEPECH.

64. Sterna tschegrava LEPECH.

Caspian Tern.

Sterna tschegrava LEPECH. Nov. Comm. Petrop. XIV. 1770,500,
pi. 13, fig. 2.

[B 682, C 561, R 680, C 793.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan ; in North America breeding
southward to Virginia, Lake Michigan, Texas, Nevada, and Cali-
fornia.

SUBGENUS ACTOCHBLIDON KAUP.

Actochelidon KAUP, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 31. Type,
Sterna cantiaca GMEL. = S. sandvicensis GMEL.

65. Sterna maxima BODD.

Royal Tern.

Sterna maxima BODD. Tabl. P. E. 1783, 58.
[B 683, C 562, R 681, C 794.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical America, and warmer parts of North
America, casually northward to Massachusetts, the Great Lakes, and
California. West coast of Africa, north to Tangiers.

66. Sterna elegans GAME.

Elegant Tern.
Sterna elegans GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. 1848, 129.

[B 684, C 563, R 682, C 795.]
GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of America, from California to Chili.

24 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

67. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida (CABOT).

Cabot's Tern.

Sterna acuflavida CABOT, Pr. Boston Soc. N. H. II. 1847, 257-
Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884,
288.

[B 685, C 564, R 683, C 796.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United
States, north, casually, to southern New England ; south, in winter,
to Central America (both coasts) and West Indies.

SUBGENUS STERNA.

Sterna LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 137. Type, by elimination,
S. hirundo LINN.

[68.] Sterna trudeaui AUD.

Trudeau's Tern.

Sterna trudeaui AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, I25> P^ 4°9-
[B 687, C 571, R 684, C 802.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern South America. Casual, or accidental,
on the Atlantic coast of the United States (New Jersey, Long Island).

69. Sterna forsteri NUTT.

Forster's Tern.

Sterna forsteri NUTT. Man. II. 1834, 274.

[B 691, 686, C 566, R 685, C 798.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, breeding from Manitoba
southward to Virginia, Illinois, Texas, and California ; in winter
southward to Brazil.

70. Sterna hirundo LINN.

Common Tern.

Sterna hirundo LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 137.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 25

[B 689, C 565, R 686, C 797.]

GEOG. DIST. — Greater part of the northern hemisphere and Africa.
In North America chiefly east of the Plains, breeding from the
Arctic coast, somewhat irregularly, to Florida, Texas, and Arizona,
and wintering northward to Virginia. Also coast of Lower California.

71. Sterna paradisaea BRUNN.

Arctic Tern.

Sterna paradisaa BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 46.

[B 690, 693, C 567, 568, R 687, C 799.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere ; in North America breeding
from Massachusetts to the Arctic regions, and wintering southward
to Virginia and California.

72. Sterna dougalli MONTAG.

Roseate Tern.

Sterna dougalli MONTAG. Orn. Diet. Suppl. 1813, — .
[B 692, C 569, R 688, C 800.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate and tropical regions ; north on the
Atlantic coast of North America to Massachusetts, and casually to
Maine and Nova Scotia.

73. Sterna aleutica BAIRD.

Aleutian Tern.

Sterna aleutica BAIRD, Tr. Chicago Ac. Nat. Sci. I. 1869, 321,
pi. 31, fig. i.

[B— , C 572, R 689, C 803.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Alaska from Kadiak to Norton Sound.

SUBGENUS STERNTJLA BOIE.
Sternula BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563. Type, Sterna minuta LINN.

26 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

74. Sterna antillarum (LESS.).

Least Tern.

Sternula antillarum LESS. Descr. Mam. et Ois. 1847, 25^-
Sterna antillarum COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 552.

[By694, C 570, R 690, C 801.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern South America, northward to California,
Minnesota, and New England, and casually to Labrador, breeding
nearly throughout its range.

SUBGENUS HALIPLANA WAGLER.
Haliplana WAGL. Isis, 1832, 1224. Type, Sterna fuligino sa GMEL.

75. Sterna fuliginosa GMEL.

Sooty Tern.

Sterna fttliginos a GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 605.
[B 688, C 573, R 691, C 804.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical and subtropical coasts of the globe. In
America from Chili to western Mexico and the Carolinas, and
casually to New England.

[76.] Sterna anaethetus SCOP.

Bridled Tern.

Sterna ancethetus SCOP. Del. Faun, et Flor. Ins. II. 1786, no.
72,92.

[B — , C 574, R 692, C 805.]
GEOG. DIST. — Tropical regions generally. Casual in Florida.

GENUS HYDROCHELIDON BOIE.

Hydrochelidon BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563. Type, Sterna nigra LINN.
77. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (GMEL.).

Black Tern.

Sterna surinamensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 604.
Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
1882, 40.

ORDER LONGIPENNES. 27

[B 695, C 575, R 693, C 806.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate and tropical America. From Alaska
and the Fur Countries to Brazil and Chili, breeding from the middle
United States, west of the Alleghanies, northward.

[78.] Hydrochelidon leucoptera (MEISN. & SCHINZ).

White- winged Black Tern.

Sterna leucoptera MEISN. & SCHINZ, Vog. Schweiz, 1815, 264.
Hydrochelidon leucoptera BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563.
[B — , C 575 bis, R 694, C 807.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern hemisphere, accidental in North America
(Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin).

GENUS ANOUS STEPHENS.

Anous STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. i. 1826, 139. Type, Sterna
stolida LINN.

79. Anous stolidus (LINN.).

Noddy.

Sterna stolida LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 137.
Anous stolidus GRAY, List Gen. B. 1841, 100.
[B 696, C 576, R 695, C 808.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical and subtropical regions ; in America from
Brazil and Chili north to the Gulf and South Atlantic States.

FAMILY RYNCHOPID.2E. SKIMMERS.

GENUS RYNCHOFS LINN.
Rynchops\xsn&. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 138. Type, R, m'

80. Rynchops nigra LINN.

Black Skimmer.

Rynchops nigra LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 138.

[B 697, C 577, R 656, C 809.]

GEOG. DIST. — Warmer parts of America, north on the Atlantic
coast to New Jersey, and casually to the Bay of Fundy.

28 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER TUBINARES. TUBE-NOSED
SWIMMERS.

FAMILY DIOMEDEID.2E. ALBATROSSES.

GENUS DIOMEDEA LINNAEUS.

Diomedea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 132. Type, D. exulans
LINN.

81. Diomedea nigripes AUD.

Black-footed Albatross.

Diomedea nigripes AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 327-

[B — €579, R7oo, C8n.]
GEOG. DIST. — North Pacific, including west coast of North America.

82. Diomedea albatrus PALL.

Short-tailed Albatross.

Diomedea albatrus PALL. Spic. Zool. V. 1769, 28.
[B63i, €578, R7oi, C8io.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific Ocean, including western coast of America,
northward to Bering Sea.

GENUS THALASSOGERON RIDGWAY.

Thalassogeron RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 357. Type,
Diomedea culminata GOULD.

[83.] Thalassogeron culminatus (GOULD).

Yellow-nosed Albatross.

Diomedea culminata GOULD, P. Z. S. 1843, I07-

Thalassogeron culminatus RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 358.

ORDER TUBINARES. 29

[B 632, C — R 702, C — .]

GEOG. DIST. — Indian and South Pacific Oceans ; casual off the
coast of Oregon ; accidental in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

GENUS PHCEBETRIA REICHENBACH.

Phtvbetria REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. v. Type, Diomedea fuligin-
osa GMEL.

84. Fhcebetria fuliginosa (GMEL.).

Sooty Albatross.

Diomedea fuliginosa GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 568.
Phoebetria fuliginosa REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. v.

[B633, C 580, R 7o3,C 812.]

GEOG. DIST. — Oceans of the southern hemisphere, northward to
the coast of Oregon.

FAMILY PROCELLARIIDJE. FULMARS AND SHEARWATERS.
SUBFAMILY PRO CELL ARIINJ93. FULMARS.

GENUS OSSIFRAGA HOMBRON & JACQUINOT.

Ossifraga HOME. & JACQ. Compt. Rend. XVIII. 1844, 356.
Type, Procellaria gigantea GMEL.

[85.] Ossifraga gigantea (GMEL.).

Giant Fulmar.

Procellaria gigantea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 563.
Ossifraga gigantea REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iv.

[B 634, C 581, R 704, C 813.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Oceans ; casual off the coast of Oregon.

30 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS FULMARUS STEPHENS.
SUBGENUS FULMARUS.

Fulmarus STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. i. 1826, 233. Type,
Procellaria glacialis LINN.

86. Fulmarus glacialis (LINN.)

Fulmar.

Procellaria glacialis LINN. Faun. Suec. 2d ed. 1761, 51 ; S. N. ed.

12, I. 1766, 213.
Fulmarus glacialis STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. i. 1826, 234, pi. 27.

[B635, C 582, R7o5, C8i4.]

GEOG. DIST. — North Atlantic, south on the American coast to
Massachusetts, casually to New Jersey.

860. Fulmarus glacialis minor (KJ^ERBCELLING).

Lesser Fulmar.

Procellaria minor KJ^RB. Danm. Fugle, 1852, 324.
Fulmarus glacialis b. minor BONAP. Consp. II. 1856, 187.

[B -, C -, R -, C — .]

GEOG. DIST. — North Atlantic, south on American side to coast of
Massachusetts.

86 b. Fulmarus glacialis glupischa STEJN.

Pacific Fulmar.

Fulmarus glacialis glupischa STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 234.
[B 636, C 5820, R 7050, C 815.]

GEOG. DIST. — North Pacific, south on the American coast to
Mexico.

86<r. Fulmarus glacialis rodgersii (CASS.).

Rodger s's Fulmar.

Fulmarus rodgersii CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 290.
Fulmarus glacialis var. rodgersi COUES, Key, 1872, 327.

ORDER TUBINARES. 3!

[B— , C 582^, R 705^, C 816.]
GEOG. DIST. — Bering Sea and adjacent parts of the North Pacific.

SUBGENUS PRIOCETiTiA. HOMBRON & JACQUINOT.

Priocella HOME. & JACQ. Compt. Rend. XVIII. 1844, 357.
Type, P. garnoti HOME. & JACQ. = Procellaria glacialoides
SMITH.

87. Fulmarus glacialoides (SMITH).

Slender-billed Fulmar.

Procellaria glacialoides SMITH, Illustr. S. Afr. B. 1840, t. 51.
Fulmarus glacialoides STEJN. Auk, 1884, p. 233.

[B 637, C 583, R 706, C 817.]

GEOG. DIST. — Seas of the southern hemisphere, and northward
along Pacific coast of North America to Washington.

GENUS PUFFINUS BRISSON.

Puffinus BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 131. Type, Procellaria puffinus
BRUNN.

88. Puffinus borealis CORY.

Cory's Shearwater.

Puffinus borealis CORY, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. April, 1881, 84.
[B— , C— , R— , C 888.]

GEOG. DIST. — Known only from off the coasts of Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, and Long Island.

89. Puffinus major FABER.

Greater Shearwater.

Puffinus major FABER, Prodr. Isl. Orn. 1822, 56.
[B 647, C 597, R 709, C 832.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic Ocean, from Cape Horn and Cape of
Good Hope northward to the Arctic Circle.

32 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[90.] Puffinus puffinus (BRUNN.).

Manx Shearwater.

Procellaria puffinus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 29.
Puffinus puffinus LIGHT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 100.

[B649, C 599, Ryu, C 834.]

GEOG. DIST. — North Atlantic, chiefly on the eastern side ; acci-
dental in Greenland, and rare or casual off the North American
coast (?).

91. Puffinus creatopus COUES.

Pink-footed Shearwater.

Puffinus creatopus " COOPER, MS.," COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila. April, 1864, 131.

[B— C598, R 710, C 833.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific Ocean ; on the American coast from Cali-
fornia to Juan Fernandez Islands.

92. Puffinus auduboni FINSCH.

Audubon's Shearwater.

Puffinus auduboni FINSCH, P. Z. S. 1872, in.
[B65o, C6oo, R7i2, C835.]

GEOG. DIST. — Warmer parts of the Atlantic, north casually to
New Jersey and Long Island.

93. Puffinus gavia (FORST.).

Black-vented Shearwater.

Procellaria gavia FORST. Descr. An. 1844, 148.
Puffinus gavia FINSCH, J. f. O. 1872, 256.

[B— , C6oi, R7i3, C836.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific Ocean, chiefly southward ; coast of Lower
California, north to Santa Cruz, Cal.

94. Puffinus Strickland! RIDGW.

Sooty Shearwater.

Puffinus stricklandi RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 390.

ORDER TUBINARES. 33

[B 648, C 602, Ryi4, C 837.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic Ocean, breeding in the southern hemi-
sphere; a summer visitor off our coast, from South Carolina
northward.

95. Puffinus griseus (GMEL.).

Dark-bodied Shearwater.

Procellaria grisea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 564.
Puffinus griseus FINSCH, J. f. O. 1874, 209.

[B— , C6o3, R7i5, C838.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Pacific, north on the American coast, casu-
ally to San Francisco, California.

96. Puffinus tenuirostris (TEMM.).

Slender-billed Shearwater.

Procellaria tenuirostris TEMM. PL Col. 1828, 587.
Puffinus tenuirostris TEMM. & SCHLEG. Faun. Jap. Aves, 1849,
131, pi. 86.

[B— , C 604, R 716, C839.]

GEOG. DIST. — Both coasts of the North Pacific, from Japan and
Kotzebue Sound south to Australia and New Zealand ; on the
American coast to British Columbia.

SUBGEXUS FRIOFINTTS HOMBRON & jAcquiNOT.

Priofinus HOMBR. & JACQ. Compt. Rend. XVIII. 1844, 355,
Type, Procellaria cinerea GMEL.

[97.] Puffinus cinereus (GMEL.).

Black-tailed Shearwater.

Procellaria cinerea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 563.

Puffinus ci?iereus LAWR. in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 835.

[B6Si, C595, R7o7, C 830.]
GEOG. DIST. — South Pacific; accidental off the coast of California.

3

34 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS 2ESTRELATA BONAPARTE.

jgLstrelata BONAP. Consp. II. 1856, 188. Type, Procdlaria
hasitata KUHL.

[98.] -ffistrelata hasitata (KUHL).

Black-capped Petrel.

Procellaria hasitata KUHL, Mon. Proc. Beitr. Zool. i Abt. 1820,

142.
&strelata hasitata COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 139.

[B 638, C 585, R 717, C 819.]

GEOG. DIST. — Warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean, straying to
Florida, Virginia, New York (Ulster County, Oneida Lake and Long
Island), Vermont and Ontario. Also England and France.

[99.] JEstrelata scalaris BREWST.

Scaled Petrel.

^>Estrelata scalaris BREWST. Auk, III. July, 1886, 300.
[B— , C- R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Unknown, the single specimen obtained having
been taken in Livingston Co., N. Y., in April, 1880.

100. JEstrelata fisheri RIDGW.

Fisher's Petrel.

^Estrelata fisheri RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 26, 1883,
656.

L-" ? *•* » -^ ' *•* "J

GEOG. DIST. — The only known specimen was taken at Kadiak,

Alaska.

GENUS BULWERIA BONAPARTE.

Bulweria BONAP. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. 1842, 81. Type, Pro-
cellaria bulweri JARD. & SELBY.

ORDER TUBINARES. 35

[101.] Bulweria bulweri (JARD. & SELBY).

Bulwer's Petrel.

Procellaria bulweri JARD. & SELBY, Illustr. Orn. , pi. 65.

Buhveria bulweri BOUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 69.

[B— , C— , R 718, C 820.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Atlantic, including coasts of Europe and
Africa. Accidental in Greenland. Also various parts of the
Pacific Ocean.

GENUS DAPTION STEPHENS.

Daption STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. 1825, 239. Type, Procellaria
capensis LINN.

[102.] Daption capensis (LINN.).

Pintado Petrel.

Procellaria capensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 132.
Daption capensis STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. i. 1825, 241.

[B639, €584, R7'9, C8i8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Oceans of the southern hemisphere, north to about
latitude 25°. Accidental on the coasts of California and England.

GENUS HALOCYFTENA COUES.

Halocyptena COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. March, 1864, 78.
Type, H. microsoma COUES.

103. Halocyptena microsoma COUES.

Least Petrel.

Halocyptena microsoma COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 79.

[B— , C586, R72o, C82i.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Lower California and south to Panama.

36 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS PROCELLARIA LINNAEUS.

Procellaria LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 131. Type, by elimina-
tion, P. pelagica LINN.

104. Procellaria pelagica LINN.

Stormy Petrel.

Procellaria pelagica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 131.

[B 645, 0587, R 721, C822.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic Ocean, south on the American side to the
Newfoundland Banks. West coast of Africa and coast of Europe.

GENUS OCEANODROMA REICHENBACH.

Oceanodroma REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iv. Type, Procellaria
furcata GMEL.

105. Oceanodroma furcata (GMEL.).

Forked-tailed Petrel.

Procellaria furcata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 561.
Oceanodroma furcata REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iv.

[B 640, C 591, R 726, C 826.]

GEOG. DIST. — North Pacific, south on the American coast, in
winter, to Humboldt Bay, California. Breeds on the Aleutian
Islands and on Copper Island.

106. Oceanodroma leucorhoa (VIEILL.).

Leach's Petrel.

Procellaria leucorhoa VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXV.

1817, 422.
Oceanodroma leucorhoa STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 97.

[B 642, C 588, R 723, C 823.]

GEOG. DIST. — North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans ; south on
the coast of the United States to Virginia and California ; breeds
from Maine and the Hebrides northward on the coasts of the
Atlantic ; also on the Aleutian Islands and on Copper Island, Bering
Sea.

ORDER TUBINARES.

37

106.1. Oceanodroma macrodactyla (BRYANT).

Ouadalupe Petrel.

Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla BRYANT, Bull. Cal. Ac. Sci.

II. No. 8, July 23, 1887, 450.

Oceanodroma macrodactyla A. O. U. COMM. Suppl. Check-List
N. A. Birds, 1889, 5.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

107. Oceanodroma melania (BONAP.).

Black Petrel.

Procellaria melania BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXVIII. 1854, 662.
Oceanodroma melania STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 371.

[B— , C589, R724, C824.]
GEOG. DIST. — South Pacific, northward to southern California.

108. Oceanodroma homochroa (COUES).

Ashy Petrel.

Cymochorea homochroa COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 77.
Oceanodroma homochroa RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
356.

[B 643, C 590, R 725, C 825.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of California. Breeds on the Santa Barbara
and Farallone Islands.

SUBFAMILY OCEANITINJE.
GENUS OCEANITES KEYSERLING & BLASIUS.

Oceanites KEYS. & BLAS. Wirb. Eur. I. 1840, xciii, 131, 238.
Type, Procellaria oceanica KUHL.

109. Oceanites oceanicus (KUHL).

Wilson's Petrel.

Procellaria oceanica KUHL, Beitr. Zool. Mon. Proc. 1820, 136,

pi. 10, fig. i.
Oceanites oceanica LIGHT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 99.

38 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 644, C 593, R 722, C 828.]

GEOG. DIST. — North and South Atlantic and Southern Oceans,
breeding on Kerguelen Island in February. Abundant off the
eastern coast of the United States during the entire summer.

GENUS CYMODROMA RIDGWAY.

Cymodroma RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 418. Type,
Procellaria grallaria VIEILL.

[110.] Cymodroma grallaria (VIEILL.).

White-bellied Petrel.

Procellaria grallaria VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXVI.

1817, 418.
Cymodroma grallaria RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 419.

[B 646, C 594, R 728, C 829.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical oceans generally ; accidental on the coast
of Florida.

GENUS PELAGODROMA REICHENBACH.

Pelagodroma REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iv. Type, Procellaria
marina LATH.

[111.] Pelagodroma marina (LATH.).

White-faced Petrel.

Procellaria marina LATH. Ind. Orn. II. ii. 1790, 826.
Pelagodroma marinn REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. iv.

[B-, C-, R- C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic, and Southern Seas. Accidental off
the coast of Massachusetts.

ORDER

ORDER STEGANOPODES. TOTIPALMATE
SWIMMERS.

FAMILY PHAETHONTID2E. TROPIC BIRDS.

GENUS PHAETHON LINN^US.

Phaethon LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 134. Type, P. (zthereus
LINN.

112. Phaethon flavirostris BRANDT.

Yellow-billed Tropic Bird.

Phaethon flavirostris BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. Petersb. II. 1837, 349.

[B 629, C 538, R 654, C 763.]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies and Atlantic coast of Central America,
north to Florida and Bermuda; accidental in western New York.
South Pacific and Indian Oceans.

113. Phaethon asthereus LINN.

Red-billed Tropic Bird.

Phaethon (zthereus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 134.

[B— C— R655, C762.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of tropical America, north on the Pacific
coast to Cape Colnett, Lower California; accidental on the New-
foundland Banks. Breeds on San Pedro Martir and other islands
in the Gulf of California.

FAMILY STJLIDJE. GANNETS.

GENUS SULA BRISSON.

SUBGEXUS SULA.

Sula BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760,495. Type, by elimination, Pelecanus
sula LINN.

40 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[114.] Sula cyanops SUND.

Blue-faced Booby.

Dysporus cyanops SUND. Phys. Tidskr. Lund, 1837, pt. 5.
Sula cyanops SUND. Isis, 1842, 858.

[B— C-, R65i, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian Oceans ;
West Indies, and northward to southern Florida.

114.1. Sula gossi Goss.

Blue-footed Booby.

Sula gossi (RIDGW. MS.) Goss, Auk, V. July, 1888, 241.
[B— C— R-,C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Islands in the Gulf of California, and south to the
Galapagos.

115. Sula sula (LINN.).

Booby.

Pelecanus sula LINN. Syst Nat. ed. 12, I. 1766, 218.
Sula sula RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII, 1885, 356.

[B6i8, C525, R652, C747.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic coasts of tropical and subtropical America,
north to Georgia. Also, western Pacific and Indian Oceans.

115.1. Sula brewsteri Goss.

Brewster's Booby.

Sula brewsteri Goss, Auk, V. July, 1888, 242.
[B— C— , R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of the eastern South Pacific
Ocean, north to Lower California ; breeding as far north as Georges
Island at the head of the Gulf of California.

[116.] Sula piscator (LINN.).

Red-footed Booby.

Pelecanus piscator LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 134.
Sula piscator GRAY, Gen. Bds. III. 1845, 666.

ORDER STEGANOPODES. 4!

[B_, C- R653, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and islands of tropical and subtropical seas,
north to western Mexico and Florida.

SUBGENUS DYSPORUS ILLIGER.

Dysporus ILLIG. Prodr. 1811, 279. Type, by elimination, Pele-
canus bassanus LINN.

117. Sula bassana (LINN.).

Gannet.

Pelecanus bassanus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 133.
Sula bassana BOIE, Isis, 1822, p. 563.

[B 617, C 524, R 650, C 746.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of the North Atlantic, south in winter to
the Gulf of Mexico and Africa ; breeds from Nova Scotia and the
British Islands northward.

FAMILY ANHINGID.ZE. DARTERS.

GENUS ANHINGA BRISSON.

Anhinga BRISSON, Orn. VI. 1760, 476. Type, Anhinga MARCGR.
= Plotus anhinga LINN.

118. Anhinga anhinga (LINN.).

Anhinga.

Plotus anhinga LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 218.
Anhinga anhinga STEJN. Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 1885, 193.

[B 628, C 536, R 649, C 760.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical and subtropical America, north in the
United States to the Carolinas, the mouth of the Ohio River, and
southern Kansas.

42 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

FAMILY PHALACROCORACID^J. CORMORANTS.

GENUS PHALACROCORAX BRISSON.
SUBGENUS PHALACROCORAX.

Phalacrocorax BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 511. Type, Pelecanus carbo
LINN.

119. Phalacrocorax carbo (LINN.).

Cormorant.

Pelecanus carbo LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 133.
Phalacrocorax carbo LEACH, Syst. Cat. Mam. and Bds. Brit. Mus.
1816, 34.

[B 620, C 528, R 642, C 750.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of the North Atlantic, south in winter on
the coast of the United States, casually, to the Carolinas ; breeding
(formerly) from Massachusetts northward.

120. Fhalacrocorax dilophus (SWAIN.).

Double-crested Cormorant.

Pelecanus (Carbo) dilophus SWAIN, in Sw. & RICH. F. B. A. II.

1831, 473-
Phalacrocorax dilophus NUTT. Man. II. 1834, 483.

[B623, C53o, R643, 0751.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from the Bay of
Fundy, the Great Lakes, Minnesota and Dakota northward ; south in
winter to the Southern States.

120 a. Phalacrocorax dilophus floridanus (AUD.).

Florida Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax floridanus AUD. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 3^7'
Phalacrocorax dilophus Jloridanus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
III. Aug. 24, 1880, 205.

ORDER STEGANOPODES. 43

[B 624, C 5300, R 6430, C 753.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, northward in the
Mississippi Valley to southern Illinois.

120 £. Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinatus (BRANDT).

White-crested Cormorant.

Carlo cincinatus BRANDT, Bull. Sc. Ac. St. Pe"tersb. III. 1838, 55.
Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
III. Aug. 24, 1880, 205.

[B 622, C 529, R 643^, C 752.]

GEOG. DIST. — West coast of North America, south in winter to
California.

120 c. Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus RIDGW.

Farallone Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus RIDGW. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash. II. Apr. 10, 1884, 94.

[B— , C— R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — California, south to Cape St. Lucas and the Revilla-
gigedo Islands.

121. Phalacrocorax mexicanus (BRANDT).

Mexican Cormorant.

Carbo mexicanus BRANDT, Bull. Sc. Ac. St. Pe*tersb. III. 1838, 55.
Phalacrocorax mexicanus SCL. & SALV. Nom. Neotr. 1873, 124.

[6625, C 531, R 644, C 754.]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies and Central America to southern
United States ; north in the interior to Kansas and southern
Illinois.

SUBGENUS COMPSOHALIEUS RIDGWAY.

Compsohalieus RIDGW. W7ater B. N. Am. II. 1884, 145. Type,
Carbo penicillatus BRANDT.

44 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

122. Phalacrocorax penicillatus (BRANDT).

Brandt's Cormorant.

Carbo penicillatus BRANDT, Bull. Sc. Ac. St. P&tersb. III. 1838, 55.
Phalacrocorax penicillatus HEERM. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII.
1854, 178.

[B 626, C 532, R 645, C 755.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from Cape St. Lucas
to Washington.

SUBGENUS URILE BONAPARTE.
Urile BONAP. Consp. II. 1855, 175. Type, Pelecanus urile GMEL.

123. Phalacrocorax pelagicus PALL.

Pelagic Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax pelagicus PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 303.
[B-, C— R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Aleutian and Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka, south
to Japan.

123 a. Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus RIDGW.

Violet-green Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II.
1884, 160.

[B 627, C 535, R 646, C 758.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Alaska, from Norton Sound south to
Washington.

123 £. Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens (AUD.).

Baird's Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax resplendens AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 148.
Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. I.
1884, 160.

ORDER STEGANOPODES. 45

[B— , C— , R646<z, C759.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from Washington
south to Cape St. Lucas and Mazatlan, Mexico.

124. Phalacrocorax urile (GMEL.).

Red-faced. Cormorant.

Pelecanus urile GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 575.

Phalacrocorax urile RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, 162.

[B— C534, R647, C757.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pribilof, Aleutian and Kuril Islands, and coast of
Kamchatka. South in winter to northern Japan.

FAMILY FELECANID-SJ. PELICANS.

GENUS FELECANUS LINN^US.

Pelecanus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 132. Type, by elimina-
tion, P. onocrotalus LINN.

SUBGENUS CYRTOPELICANUS REICHENBACH.

Cyrtopelicanus REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. vii. Type, Pelecanus
eryth rorhynchos GMEL.

125. Felecanus erythrorhynchos GMEL.

American White Pelican.

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 571.
[6615, C 526, R 640, C 748.J

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, north in the interior to
about Lat. 61°, south in winter to western Mexico and Guatemala;
now rare or accidental in the northeastern States ; abundant in the
interior and along the Gulf coast ; common on the coast of California.

46 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBGENUS LBPTOPELICANUS REICHENBACH.

Leptopelicanns REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. vii. Type, Pelecanus
fuscus LINN.

126. Felecanus fuscus LINN.

Brown Pelican.

Pelecanus fuscus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 215.

[B 616,0527, R64i, C749.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic coast of tropical and subtropical America,
north on the Atlantic coast to North Carolina ; accidental in Illinois.

127. Felecanus californicus RIDGW.

California Brown Pelican.

Pelecanus (fuscus ?) californicus RIDGW. Water B. N. Am. II.

1884, 143.
P\elecanus~\ californicus RIDGW. 1. c.

[B— , C— , R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from Burrard Inlet, British Columbia,
to the Galapagos.

FAMILY FREG-ATID2E. MAN-O'-WAR BIRDS.

GENUS FREGATA BRISSON.

Fregata BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 506. Type, Pelecanus aquilus
LINN.

128. Fregata aquila LINN.

Man-o'-War Bird.

Pelecanus aquilus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 133.
Fregata aquila REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. vi.
[B 619, C 537, R 639, C 761.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical and subtropical coasts generally; in
America, north to Florida and Texas, and casually to Nova Scotia,
Ohio, Wisconsin, Kansas, and Humboldt Bay, California.

ORDER ANSERES. 47

ORDER ANSERES. LAMELLIROSTRAL
SWIMMERS.

FAMILY ANATIDJE. DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS.

SUBFAMILY MERGINJB. MERGANSERS.

GENUS MERGANSER BRISSON.

Merganser BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 230. Type, Mergus merganser
LINN.

129. Merganser americanus (CASS.).

American Merganser.

Mergus americanus CASSIN, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI. 1853, 187.
Merganser americanus STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 177.

[B-, C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, breeding south in the
United States to Pennsylvania and the mountains of Colorado and
California. Bermuda.

130. Merganser serrator (LINN.).

Red-breasted Merganser.

Mergus serrator LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 129.
Merganser serrator SCHAFFER, Mus. Orn. 1789, 66.

[B6i2, C522, R637, C744-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of northern hemisphere ; south,
in winter, throughout the United States.

GENUS LOFHODYTES REICHENBACH.

Lophodytes REICHENBACH, Syst. Av. 1852, p. ix. Type, Mergus
ciicullatus LINN.

48 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

131. Lophodytes cucullatus (LINN.).

Hooded Merganser.

Mergus cucullatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 129.
Lophodytes cucullatus REICHENBACH, Syst. Av. 1852, p. ix.

[B 613, C 523, R 638, C 745-]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, south to Mexico and
Cuba, breeding nearly throughout its range. Casual in Europe.

SUBFAMILY ANATIN^S. RIVER DUCKS.

GENUS ANAS LINNAEUS.
Anas LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I, 1758, 122. Type, A. boschas LINN.

132. Anas boschas LINN.

Mallard.

Anas boschas LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I, 1758, 127.
[B 576, C 488, R 601, C 707.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of northern hemisphere ; in America
south to Panama and Cuba, breeding southward to the southern
United States ; less common in the East.

133. Anas obscura GMEL.

Black Duck.

Anas obscura GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 541.

[B 577, C 489, R 602, C 708.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Mississippi
Valley, north to Labrador, breeding southward to the northern parts
of the United States.

134. Anas fulvigula RIDGW.

Florida Duck.

Anas obscura var. fulvigula RIDGW. Am. Nat. VIII. Feb. 1874, 1 1 1.
Anas fulvigula RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880,
203.

ORDER AXSERES. 49

[B— , C 4890, R 603, C 709.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida.

134 #. Anas fulvigula maculosa (SENN.).

Mottled Duck.

Anas maculosa SENNETT, Auk, VI, July, 1889, 263.

[B 577, part, C \%<), part, R 602, part, C 708, part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Texas and north to Kansas.

SUBGENUS CHAULELASMHS BONAPARTE.

Chauklasmus BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 56. Type, Anas
strepera LINN.

135. Anas strepera LINN.

Gadwall.

Anas strepera LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 125.

[8584, C491* R6o4, C 711.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan. In North America breeds
chiefly within the United States.

SUBGENUS MARECA STEPHENS.

Mareca STEPHENS, Gen.Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 130. Type, Anas
penelope LINN.

136. Anas penelope LINN.

Widgeon.

Anas penelope LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126.
[B 586, €492, R 606, C 712.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World. In North
America breeds in the Aleutian Islands, and occurs frequently in
the eastern United States, and occasionally in California.

137. Anas americana GMEL.

Baldpate.

Anas americana GMELIN, S. N. I. 1788, 526.

50 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 585, C 493, R 607, C 713.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the Arctic Ocean south, in
winter, to Guatemala and Cuba. Breeds chiefly north of United
States.

SUBGENUS NETTION KAUP.

Nettion KAUP, Sk. Ent. Europ. Thierw. 1829, 95. Type, Anas
crecca LINN.

[138.] Anas crecca LINN.

European Teal.

Anas crecca LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126.
[B 580, C 494, R6n, C 714.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World. Occasional in
eastern North America, the Aleutian Islands, and California.

139. Anas carolinensis GMEL.

Green-winged Teal.

Anas carolinensis GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 533.
[B579, C 495, R 612, C 715.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding chiefly north of the United
States, and migrating south to Honduras and Cuba.

SUBGENUS QUERQUEDULA STEPHENS.

Querquedula STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 142. Type,
Anas querquedula LINN.

140. Anas discors LINN.

Blue-winged Teal.

Anas discors LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 205.
[B 581, C 496, R 609, C 716.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, but chiefly eastward ;
north to Alaska, and south to the West Indies, Lower California,
and northern South America. Casual in California. Breeds
from Kansas and southern Illinois northward.

ORDER ANSERES. gl

141. Anas cyanoptera VIEILL.

Cinnamon Teal.

Anas cyanoptera VIEILLOT, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. V. 1816, 104.

[B582,C4975 R6io, €717.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western America from British Columbia south to
Chili, Patagonia, and Falkland Islands ; east in North America to
the Rocky Mountains and southern Texas ; casual in the Mississippi
Valley and Florida.

GENUS SPATULA BOIE.
Spatula BOIE, Isis, 1822, 564. Type, Anas dypeata LINN.

142. Spatula dypeata (LINN.).

Shoveller.

Anas dypeata LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 124.
Spatula dypeata BOIE, Isis, 1822, 564.

[B583, C498, R6o8, C7i8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere. In North America breeding
from Alaska to Texas ; not abundant on the Atlantic coast north of
the Carolinas.

GENUS DAFILA STEPHENS.
Dafila STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 126.

143. Dafila acuta (LINN.).

Pintail.

Anas acuta LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126.
Dafila acuta BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 56.

[B578, C49o, R6o5, C 710.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere. In North America breeds
from the northern parts of the United States northward, and migrates
south to Panama and Cuba.

52 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS AIX BOIE.
Aix BOIE, Isis, 1828, 329. Type, Anas sponsa LINN.

144. Aix sponsa (LINN.).
Wood Duck.

Anas sponsa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 128.
Aix sponsa BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 57.

[B 587, C 499, R 613, C 719.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, breeding throughout its
range. Cuba. Accidental in Europe.

SUBFAMILY FULIGULIN^I. SEA DUCKS.

GENUS NETTA KAUP.

Netta KAUP, Sk. Ent. Europ. Thierw. 1829, 102. Type, Anas
rufina PALL.

[145.] Netta rufina (PALL.).

Rufous-crested Duck.

Anas rufina PALL. It. II. App. 1773, 713.

Netta rufina KAUP, Sk. Ent. Europ. Thierw. 1829, 102.

[B— , C— , R— , C 886.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern hemisphere ; accidental in eastern United
States.

GENUS AYTHYA BOIE.

Ay thy a BOIE, Isis, 1822, 564. Type, by elimination, Anas ferina
LINN.

146. Ay thy a americana (Evx.).

Redhead.

Fuligula americana EYTON, Monogr. Anat. 1838, 155.
Ay thy a americana BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 793.

ORDER ANSERES.

53

[6591,0503, R6i8, C 723.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding from California, southern
Michigan, and Maine northward.

147. Aythya vallisneria (WiLS.).

Canvas-back.

Anas vallisneria WILSON, Am. Orn. VIII. 1814, 103.
Aythya vallisneria BOIE, Isis, 1826, 980.

[B592, C 504, R 617, C 724.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly all of North America, breeding from the
northwestern States northward to Alaska.

SUBGEXUS FULIGULA STEPHENS.

Fuligiila STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 187. Type, by
elimination, Anasfuligula LINN.

148. Aythya marila nearctica STEJN.

American Scaup Duck.

Aythya marila nearctica STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 161.
[B 588, C 500, R 614, C 720.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding far north. South in
winter to Guatemala.

149. Aythya affinis (£YT.).

Lesser Scaup Duck.

Fuligula affinis EYT. Mon. Anat. 1838, 157.

Aythya affinis STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 161.

[B 589, C 501, R6i5, €721.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, breeding chiefly north
of the United States, migrating south to Guatemala and the West
Indies.

150. Aythya collaris (DONOV.).

Ring-necked Duck.

Anas collaris DONOV. Br. Birds, VI. 1809, pi. 147.

Aythya collaris RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 356.

54 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 590, C 502, R 616, C 722.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding far north and migrating
south to Guatemala and the West Indies.

GENUS GLAUCIONETTA STEJNEGER.

Glaucionetta STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 409. Type,
Anas cla?igula LINN.

151. Glaucionetta clangula americana (BONAP.).

American Golden-eye.

Clangula americana BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 58.
Glaucionetta clangula americana STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
VIII. 1885, 409.

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding from Maine and the
British Provinces northward ; in winter, south to Cuba and Mexico.

152. Glaucionetta islandica (GMEL.).

Barrow's Golden-eye.

Anas islandica GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 541.

Glaucionetta islandica STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
409.

[B594, C 506, R6i9, C 726.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, south in winter to New
York, Illinois, and Utah ; breeding from the Gulf of St. Lawrence
northward, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado ; Green-
land ; Iceland. Accidental in Europe.

GENUS CHARITONETTA STEJNEGER.

Charitonetta STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 163. Type,
Anas albeola LINN.

153. Charitonetta albeola (LINN.).

Buffle-head.

Anas albeola LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 1758, 124.
Charitonetta albeola STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 166.

ORDER ANSERES. 55

[B 595> C 5°7> R 621, C 727.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America ; south in winter to Cuba and Mex-
ico. Breeds from Maine and Montana northward, through the Fur
Countries and Alaska.

GENUS CLANGrULA LEACH.

Clangula LEACH, in Ross's Voy. Disc. 1819, App. p. xlviii. Type,
Anas glacialis LINN.

154. Clangula hyemalis (Lixx.).

Old-squaw.

Anas hyemalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 126.

Clangula hiemalis BREHM, Handb. V6g. Deutschl. 1831, 933.

[B 597, C 508, R 623, C728.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere ; in North America south to
the Potomac and the Ohio (more rarely to Florida and Texas) and
California ; breeds far northward.

GENUS HISTRIONICUS LESSON.

Histrionicus LESSON, Man. d'Orn. II. 1828, 415. Type, Anas
histrionica LINN.

155. Histrionicus histrionicus (LINN.).

Harlequin Duck.

Anas histrionica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 127.
Histrionicus histrionicus BOUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 60.

[B 596, C 510, R 622, C 730.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, breeding from Newfound-
land, the northern Rocky Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada (lat. 38°),
northward ; south in winter to the Middle States and California ;
Eastern Asia .; Iceland.

56 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS CAMFTOLAIMUS GRAY.

Camptolaimus GRAY, List Gen. 1841, 95. Type, Anas labra-
doria GMEL.

156. Camptolaimus labradorius (GMEL.).

Labrador Duck.

Anas labradoria GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 537.
Camptolaimus labradorus GRAY, List Gen. 1841, 95.

[B6oo, C 510, R 624, C 730.]

GEOG. DIST. — Formerly Northern Atlantic coast, from New Jersey
(in winter) northward, breeding from Labrador northward. Now
extinct.

GENUS ENICONETTA GRAY.
Eniconetta GRAY, List Gen. 1840, 75. Type, Anas stelleri PALL.

157. Eniconetta stelleri (PALL.).

Steller's Duck.

Anas stelleri PALL. Spicil. Zool. VI. 1769, 35.
Eniconetta stelleri GRAY, List Gen. 1840, 75.

[B598, C5n, R 625, C 731.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic and subarctic coasts of the northern hemi-
sphere. Aleutian Islands, east to Unalaska and Kadiak ; Kenai
Peninsula.

GENUS ARCTONETTA GRAY.

Arctonetta GRAY, P. Z. S. 1855 (Feb. 1856), 212. Type, Fuli-
gula fischeri BRANDT.

158. Arctonetta fischeri (BRANDT).

Spectacled Eider.

Fuligula fischeri BRANDT, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1849, 6, 10.
Arctonetta fischeri BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1863, 150.

ORDER ANSERES. 57

[B 599, C 512, R 626, C732.]

GEOG. DIST. — Alaskan coast of Bering Sea and north to Point
Barrow.

GENUS SOMATERIA LEACH.
SUBGEXUS SOMATERIA.

Somateria LEACH, in Ross's Voy. Disc. 1819, App. p. xlviii.
Type, Anas mollissima LINN.

159. Somateria mollissima borealis A. E. BREHM.

Northern Eider.

Somateria mollissima borealis A. E. BREHM, Verz. Samml. Eur.
Vog. 1866, 14.

[B 6o6,part, C 513, part, R 627, C 733.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northeastern North America, including Greenland ;
south, in winter, to coast of Massachusetts.

160. Somateria dresseri SHARPE.

American Eider.

Somateria dresseri SHARPE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. July, 1871, 51.
[B 606, part, C 513, part, R 6270, C 734.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic coast of North America, from Maine to
Labrador; south in winter to the Delaware and west to the Great
Lakes.

161. Somateria v-nigra GRAY.

Pacific Eider.

Somateria v-nigra GRAY, P. Z. S. 1855 (Feb. 1856), 212, pi. cvii.
[B6o7, C 514, R 628, C 735.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of the North Pacific ; in the interior to the
Great Slave Lake district ; eastern Siberia.

SUBGEXUS ERIONETTA COUES.

Erionetta COUES, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 709. Type,
Anas spectabilis LINN.

58 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

162. Somateria spectabilis (LINN.).

King Eider.

Anas spectabilis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 123.
Somateria spectabilis LEACH, in Ross's Voy. Disc. 1819, App.
p. xlviii.

[B6o8, C 515, R 629, C 736.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of northern hemisphere, breeding in
the Arctic regions ; in North America south casually in winter to
Georgia and the Great Lakes.

GENUS OIDEMIA FLEMING.
SUBGENUS OIDEMIA.

Oidemia FLEMING, Philos. Zool. II. 1822, 260. Type, by elim-
ination, Anas nigra LINN.

163. Oidemia americana Sw. & RICH.

American Scoter.

Oidemia americana Sw. & RICH. Faun. Bor. Amer. II. 1831, 450.
[B 604, C5i6, R63o, C 737.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and larger inland waters of northern North
America; breeds in Labrador and the northern interior; south in
winter to New Jersey, the Great Lakes, Colorado, and California.

SUBGENUS MELANITTA BOIE.

Melanitta BOIE, Isis, 1822, 564. Type, by elimination, Anas
fusca LINN.

[164.] Oidemia fusca (LINN.).

Velvet Scoter.

Anas fusca LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 123.

Oidemia fusca STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 216.

[B-, C-, R63i, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Old World; accidental (?) in Greenland.

ORDER ANSERES.

59

165. Oidemia deglandi BONAP.

White-winged Scoter.

Oidemia deglandi BONAP. Rev. Crit. de 1'Orn. Europ. de Dr.
Degl., 1850, 108.

[B6oi, C 517, R 632, C 738.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, breeding in Labrador and
the Fur Countries ; south in winter to Chesapeake Bay, Southern
Illinois, and San Quentin Bay, Lower California.

SUBGENUS PELIONETTA KAUP.

Pelionetta KAUP, Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 107. Type, Anas
perspicillata LINN.

166. Oidemia perspicillata (LINN.).

Surf Scoter.

Anas perspicillata LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 125.

Oidemia perspicillata STEPHENS, Gen. Zool. XII. pt. ii. 1824, 219.

[B 602, 603, C 518, 5180, R 633, C 739, 740.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts and larger inland waters of northern North
America ; in winter south to Florida, the Ohio River, and San Quentin-
Bay, Lower California. Accidental in Europe.

GENUS ERISMATURA BONAPARTE.

Erismatura BONAP. Saggio Distr. Meth. 1832, 143. Type, Anas
rubidus WILS.

167. Erismatura rubida (WILS.).

Ruddy Duck.

Anas rubidus WILSON, Am. Orn. VIII. 1814, 128.
Erismatura rubida BONAP. Comp. List, 1838, 59.

[B6o9, C 519, R634, C74i.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, south to the West Indies
and through Central America to Colombia ; breeds throughout much
of its North American ran^e and south to Guatemala.

60 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS NOMONYX RIDGWAY.

Nomonyx RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 15. Type, Anas
dominica LINN.

[168.] Nomonyx dominicus (LINN.).

Masked Duck.

Anas dominica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1766, 201.

Nomonyx dominicus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 15.

[B6io, C52o, R635, C 742.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical America in general, including West Indies,
north on the Gulf coast to the Lower Rio Grande ; accidental in
eastern North America (Wisconsin; Lake Champlain ; Massachusetts).

SUBFAMILY ANSERIN-5J. GEESE.

GENUS CHEN BOIE.

Chen BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563. Type, Anser hyperboreus PALL.
169. Chen hyperborea (PALL.).

Lesser Snow Goose.

Anser hyperboreus PALL. Spicil. Zool. VI. 1769, 25.
Chen hyperborea BOIE, Isis, 1822, 563.

[B— , C 480^, R 59 1 a, C 696.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast to the Mississippi Valley, breeding in
Alaska; south in winter to southern Illinois and southern California;
casually to New England. Northeastern Asia.

169 a. Chen hyperborea nivalis (FORST.).

Greater Snow Goose.

Anas nivalis FORSTER, Philos. Trans. LXII. 1772, 413.
Chen hyperboreus nivalis RIDGW. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II. 1884,
107.

[B 563, C 480, R 591, C 695.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding far north (east of Macken-
zie basin) and migrating south in winter, chiefly along the Atlantic
coast, reaching Cuba.

ORDER ANSERES. 6 1

169.1. Chen caerulescens (LINN.).

Blue Goose.

Anas ccerulescens LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 124.
Chen cczrulescens GUNDL. in POEY'S Repert. Fis.-nat. Isla Cuba,
I, 1865-66, 387.

[B 564, C 479, R 59°> c 694-]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, breeding on eastern
shores of Hudson Bay and migrating south, in winter, through
Mississippi Valley to Gulf coast ; occasional on Atlantic coast.

170. Chen rossii (CASSIN).

Ross's Snow Goose.
Anser rossii "BAIRD MSS.," CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861,

73-
Chen rossii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880, 203.

[B— 0481, R 592, C 697.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America in summer, Pacific coast to southern
California and east to Montana in winter.

GENUS ANSER BRISSON.

Anser BRISSON, Orn. VI. 1760, 261. Type, Anas anser LINN.
[171.] Anser albifrons (GMEL.).

White-fronted Goose.

Anas albifrons GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 509.

Anser albifrons BECHST. Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. IV. 1809, 898.

[B— C— R 593, C 692.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of eastern hemisphere. Eastern
Greenland ?

171 a. Anser albifrons gambeli (HARTL.).

American White-fronted Goose.

Anser gambeli HARTL AUB, Rev. Mag. Zool. 1852, 7.
Anser albifrons var. gambeli COUES, Key, 1872, 282.

62 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 565, 566, C 478, R 593*, C 693.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America (rare on the Atlantic coast), breed-
ing far northward ; in winter south to Cape St. Lucas, Mexico, and
Cuba.

GENUS BRANTA SCOPOLI.

Branta SCOPOLI, Ann. I. Hist. N"at. 1769, 67. Type, Anas
bernida LINN.

172. Branta canadensis (LINN.).

Canada Goose.

Anas canadsnsis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 123.

Branta canadensis BANNISTER, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 131.

[B 567, C 485, R 594, C 702.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, breeding in the north-
ern United States and British Provinces ; south in winter to Mexico.

172 a. Branta canadensis hutchinsii (RICH.).

Hutchins's Goose.

Anser hutchinsii RICH, in Sw. & RICH. Faun. Bor. Am. II.

1831, 470.
Branta canadensis var. hutchinsii COUES, Key, 1872, 284.

[B 569, C 485*, R 594-tf, C 704.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding in the Arctic regions,
and migrating south in winter, chiefly through the western United
States and Mississippi Valley ; northeastern Asia.

172 £. Branta canadensis occidentalis (BAIRD).

White-cheeked Goose.

Bernida occidentalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 766.
Branta canadensis occidentalis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 355.

[B567tf, C— , R594', C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from Sitka south, in winter,
to California.

ORDER ANSERES. 63

172 c. Branta canadensis minima RIDGW.

Cackling Goose.

Branta minima RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. No. 2, April 20,

1885, 23.
Branta canadensis minima RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

355-

[B 568, C 4850, R 594^, C 703.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Alaska, chiefly about Norton Sound and
Lower Yukon, migrating southward into the western United States,
east to Wisconsin.

173. Branta bernicla (LINN.).

Brant.

Anas bernicla LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 124.
Branta bernicla SCOPOLI, Ann. I. Hist. Nat. 1769, 67.

[B 570, C 484, R595> C 700.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the northern hemisphere ; in
North America chiefly on the Atlantic coast ; rare in the interior, or
away from salt water.

174. Branta nigricans (LAWR.).

Black Brant.

Anser nigricans LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. Y. IV. 1846, 171.
Branta nigricans BANNISTER, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 131.

[B57i, C— , R 596, C 701.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic and western North America, south in winter
to Lower California ; casual in the Atlantic States.

[175.] Branta leucopsis (BECHST.).

Barnacle Goose.

Anas leucopsis BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschb. Deutschl. 1803, 424.
Branta leucopsis BANNISTER, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 131.

[B 572, C 483, R 597. C 699-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; casual in eastern
North America.

64 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS PHILACTE BANNISTER.

Philacte BANNISTER, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 131. Type,
Anas canagica SEVAST.

176. Philacte canagica (SEVAST.).

Emperor Goose.

Anas canagica SEVASTIANOFF, N. Act. Petrop. XIII. 1800, 346.
Philacte canagica BANNISTER, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 131.

[B 573, C 482, R 598, C 698.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast and islands of Alaska north of the Penin-
sula ; chiefly about Norton Sound and valley of the Lower Yukon ;
Commander Islands, Kamchatka ; casually southward to Humboldt
Bay, California.

GENUS DENDROCYGNA SWAINSON.

Dendrocygna SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II. 1837, 365. Type,
Anas arcuata Cuv.

177. Dendrocygna autumnalis (LINN.).

Black-bellied Tree-duck.

Anas autumnalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 127.
Dendrocygna autumnalis EYTON, Monogr. Anat. 1838, 109.

[B 574, C 487, R 599, C 706.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern border of the United States and
southward (Mexico, West Indies, etc.).

178. Dendrocygna fulva (GMEL.).

Fulvous Tree-duck.

Anas fulva GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 530.

Dendrocygna fulva BURMEISTER, Reise durch die La Plata
Staaten, 1856, 515.

ORDER ANSERES. 65

[B 575, C 486, R 600, C 705.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States (Louisiana,
Texas, Nevada, California), south to Mexico, reappearing in
southern Brazil and Argentine Republic. Casual in North Carolina
and Missouri.

SUBFAMILY CYGNINJE. SWANS.

GENUS OLOR WAGLER.
Olor WAGLER, Isis, 1832, 1234. Type, Anas cy gnus LINN.

[179.] Olor cygnus (LINN.).
Whooping Swan.

Anas cygnus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 122.

Olor cygnus BONAPARTE, Catal. Parzudaki, 1856, 15.

[B— C— R586, C69o.]
GEOG. DIST. — Europe and Asia ; occasional in southern Greenland.

180. Olor columbianus (ORD).

Whistling Swan.

Anas columbianus ORD, in GUTHRIE'S Geogr. 2d Am. ed. 1815,

Olor columbianus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 210.
[B56i bis, C477, R588, C689.]

GEOG. DIST. — The whole of North America, breeding far north.
Commander Islands, Kamchatka ; accidental in Scotland.

181. Olor buccinator (RICH.).

Trumpeter Swan.

Cygnus buccinator RICH, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II.

1831, 464.
Olor buccinator WAGLER, Isis, 1832, 1234.

[B 562, C 476, R 589, C 688.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly the interior of North America, from the
Gulf coast to the Fur Countries, breeding from Iowa and the Dakotas
northward ; west to the Pacific coast ; rare or casual on the Atlantic.

5

66 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER ODONTOGLOSS^. LAMELLIROS-
TRAL GRALLATORES.

FAMILY PHCENICOPTERID-ffi FLAMINGOES.

GENUS PHOBNICOPTERUS LINN.

Phcenicopterus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 139. Type, P. ruber
LINN.

182. Phcenicopterus ruber LINN.

Americao Flamingo.

Phcenicopterus ruber LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 139.
[B 502, C 475, R 585, C 687.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic coasts of subtropical and tropical America ;
southern Florida. Galapagos.

ORDER HERODIONES. HERONS, STORKS,
IBISES, ETC.

SUBORDER IBIDES. SPOONBILLS AND IBISES.
FAMILY PLATALEID-S] SPOONBILLS.

GENUS AJAJA REICH.
Ajaja REICH. Handb. 1852, p. xvi. Type, Platalea ajaja LINN.

ORDER HERODIONES. 67

183. Ajaja ajaja (LINN.).

Roseate Spoonbill.

Platalea ajaja LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140.
Ajaja ajaja BOUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 54.

[B 501, C 488, R 505, C 653.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Atlantic and Gulf States southward to the
Falkland Islands and Patagonia. Formerly north to southern
Illinois.

FAMILY IBIDIDJE. IBISES.

GENUS GUARA REICHENBACH.

Guara REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xiv. Type, Tantalus ruber
LINN.

184. Guara alba (LINN.).

White Ibis.

Scolopax alba LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 145.
Guara alba STEJN. Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 1885, 9.

[B 499, c 446, R 501, C 651.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States southward to the
West Indies and northern South America ; north to North Carolina,
southern Illinois, Great Salt Lake, and Lower California ; casually to
Long Island, Connecticut, and South Dakota.

[185.] Guara rubra (LINN.).

Scarlet Ibis.

Tantalus /-//for LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 241.
Guara rubra REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xiv.

[B 498, C 447, R So*, C 652.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, southward to the
West Indies and northern South America. No record of its recent
occurrence in the United States.

68 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS PLEGADIS KAUP.

Plegadis KAUP, Skizz. Entw. Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 82.
Type, Tantalus faldnellus LINN. = Tringa autumnalis HAS-
SELQ.

186. Flegadis autumnalis (HASSELQ.).

Glossy Ibis.

Tringa autumnalis HASSELQUIST, Reise nach Palast. Deutsche

Ausg. 1762, 306.
Plegadis autumnalis STEJN. Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 1885, 160.

[B 500, C 445, R 5°3> C 649.]

GEOG. DIST. — Warmer parts of eastern hemisphere, West Indies
and southern portions of eastern United States, wandering northward
to New England and Illinois. In America only locally abundant
and of irregular distribution.

187. Plegadis guarauna (LINN.).

White-faced Glossy Ibis.

Scolopax guarauna LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 242.
Plegadis guarauna RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. Oct. 2, 1878,
163.

[B— , C 445 fa, 445 ter, R 5°4> C 650.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from Texas to California,
Oregon, and casually to southern British Columbia, Kansas and
Florida (breeding) ; southward through the West Indies and Mexico
to South America.

SUBORDER CICONI^E. STORKS, ETC.

FAMILY CICONIID-ZE. STORKS AND WOOD IBISES.

SUBFAMILY TANTALIN-S3. WOOD IBISES.

GENUS TANTALUS LINN^US.

Tantalus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140. Type, T. loculator
LINN.

ORDER HERODIONES. 69

188. Tantalus loculator LINN.

Wood Ibis.

Tantalus loculator LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140.

[B 497, C 444, R 5°°> C 648.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern United States, from the Ohio Valley,
Colorado, Utah, southeastern California, etc., south to Argentine
Republic ; casually northward to Pennsylvania and New York.

SUBFAMILY CICONIIN^J. STORKS.

GENUS MYCTERIA LINNAEUS.

Mycteria LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140. Type, M. americana
LINN.

[189.] Mycteria americana LINN.

Jabiru.

Mycteria americana LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140.

[B— C 448 bis, R 499, C 654.]
GEOG. DIST. — Tropical America, north casually to southern Texas.

SUBORDER HERODII. HERONS, EGRETS,
BITTERNS, ETC.

FAMILY ARDEID-ffi. HERONS, BITTERNS, ETC.
SUBFAMILY BOTAURIN2E. BITTERNS.

GENUS BOTAURUS HERMANN.

Botaurus HERMANN, Tabl. Affin. Anim. 1783, 135. Type,
Ardea stellaris LINN.

70 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

190. Botaurus lentiginosus (MONTAG.).

American Bittern.

Ardea lentiginosa MONTAG. Orn. Diet. Suppl. 1813, — .
Botaurus lentiginosus STEPH. Gen. Zool. XI. ii. 1819, 592.

[B 492, C 460, R 497, C 666.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, south to Guatemala,
Cuba, Jamaica, and Bermuda ; occasional in British Islands.

GENUS ARDETTA GRAY.
, List Gen. B. App. 1842, 13. Type, Ardea minuta

LINN.

191. Ardetta exilis (GMEL.).

Least Bittern.

Ardea exilis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 645.
Ardetta exilis GUNDL. J. f. O. 1856, 345.

[B49i, C46i, R498, C667.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, north to the British
Provinces and south to the West Indies and Brazil. Less common
west of the Rocky Mountains ; on the Pacific coast north to northern
California.

191.1. Ardetta neoxena CORY.

Cory's Least Bittern.

Ardetta neoxena CORY, Auk, III. April, 1886, 262.
[B— , C— R— , C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Florida (Caloosahatchie River, near Lake
Okeechobee) ; Ontario ; Michigan.

SUBFAMILY ARDEIN/E. HERONS AND EGRETS.

GENUS ARDEA LINN.
SUBGENUS ARDEA.

Ardea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 141. Type, by elimination,
A. cinerea LINN.

ORDER HERODIONES. 71

192. Ardea Occident alls AUD.

Great White Heron.

Ardea occidentalis AUD. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 542-

[B 489, C 451, R 486, C 656, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Florida ; Cuba ; Jamaica.

193. Ardea wardi RIDGW.

Ward's Heron.

Ardea wardi RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882, 5.

[B- C- R- C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida.

194. Ardea herodias LINN.

Great Blue Heron.

Ardea herodias LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 143.

[B 487, C 449. R 487. C 655,]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the Arctic regions southward
to the West Indies and northern South America. Bermudas;
Galapagos.

[195.] Ardea cinerea LINN.

European Blue Heron.

Ardea cinerea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 143.
[B— , C— R488, C657.]

GEOG. DIST. — Most of the eastern hemisphere ; accidental in
southern Greenland.

SUBGENUS HERODIAS BOIE.

Herodias BOIE, Isis, 1822, 559. Type, by elimination, Ardea
egretta GMEL.

196. Ardea egretta GMEL.

American Egret.

Ardea egretta GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 629.

72 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 486, 486*, C 452, R 489, C 658.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate and tropical America, from New Jersey,
Minnesota, and Oregon south to Patagonia ; casually on the Atlantic
coast to Nova Scotia.

SUBGENUS GARZETTA KAUP.

Garzetta KAUP, Skizz. Entw. Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 76.
Type, Ardea garzetta LINN.

197. Ardea candidissima GMEL.

Snowy Heron.

Ardea candidissima GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 633.

[B 485, C 453, R 49°> C 659.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate and tropical America, from Long Island
and Oregon south to Argentine Republic and Chili ; casually to Nova
Scotia and southern British Columbia.

SUBGENUS DICHROMANASSA RIDGWAY.

Dichromanassa RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. IV.
Feb. 5, 1878, 246. Type, Ardea rufa BODD.

198. Ardea rufescens GMEL.

Reddish Egret.

Ardea rufescens GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 628.

[6483,482, C455> R491* C66i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Gulf States, north to southern Illinois; Lower
California and Mexico (both coasts), south to Guatemala ; Jamaica,
and Cuba.

SUBGENUS HYDRANASSA BAIRD.

Hydranassa BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 660 (in text). Type, Ardea
ludoviciana WILS. — Egretta ruficollis GOSSE.

199. Ardea tricolor ruficollis (GOSSE).

Louisiana Heron.

Egretta ruficollis GOSSE, B. Jamaica, 1847, 33&-
Ardea tricolor ruficollis RIDGW. Pf. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
355-

ORDER HERODIONES.

73

[B 484, C 454, R 492, C 660.]

GEOG. DIST. — Gulf States, Mexico (both coasts), Central America,
and West Indies ; casually northward to New Jersey and Indiana.

SUBGENUS FLORIDA BAIRD.

Florida BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 67 1. Type, Ardea ccerulea LINN.
200. Ardea caemlea LINN.

Little Blue Heron.

Ardea cczrulea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 143.
[B 490, C 456, R 493, C 662.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, from New Jersey, Illinois,
and Kansas, southward through Central America and the West
Indies to Guiana and Colombia ; casually north on the Atlantic
coast to Massachusetts and Maine.

SUBGENUS BUTORIDES BLYTH.

Butorides BLYTH, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 1849, 281. Type,
Ardea javanica HORSF.

•201. Ardea virescens LINN.

Green Heron.

Ardea virescens LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 144.
[B 493, C 457, R 494, C 663.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, from Ontario and
Oregon, southward to Colombia, Venezuela, and the West Indies.
Bermuda.

201 a. Ardea virescens frazari BREWST.

Frazar's Green Heron.

Ardea virescens frazari BREWST. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 83.

[B— C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California (vicinity of La Paz).

74 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS NYCTICORAX STEPHENS.

SUBGENUS NYCTICORAX.

Nycticorax STEPH. Gen. Zool. XL ii. 1819, 608. Type, Ardea
nycticorax LINN.

202. Nycticorax nycticorax naevius (BODD.).

Black-crowned Night Heron.

Ardea ncevia BODD. Tabl. PI. Enl. 1783, 56.
Nycticorax nycticorax ntevmsZELEVON, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 113.

[B 495, C 458, R 495, C 664.]

GEOG. DIST. — America, from Ontario and Manitoba southward
to the Falkland Islands, including part of the West Indies.

SUBGENUS NYCTANASSA STEJNEGER.

Nyctanassa STEJN. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. X. 1887, 295. Type,
Ardea violacea LINN.

203. Nycticorax violaceus (LINN.).

Yellow-crowned Night Heron.

Ardea violacea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 143.
Nycticorax violacea VIGORS, Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 446.

[B 496, C 459. R 496, C 665.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical and warm temperate North America, from
the Carolinas, the lower Ohio Valley and Lower California, south to
Brazil ; casually north to Massachusetts and Colorado.

ORDER PALUDICOL^E.

75

ORDER PALUDICOL^E. CRANES, RAILS, ETC.

SUBORDER GRUES. CRANES.

FAMILY GRUID-ffi. CRANES.

GENUS GRITS PALLAS.
Grus PALL. Misc. Zool. 1766, 66. Type, Ardea grus LINN.

204. Grus americana (LINN.).

Whooping Crane.

Ardea americana LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 142.
Grus americana VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XIII. 1817,
557-

[B 478, C 462, R 582, C 668.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from the Fur Countries
to Florida, Texas, and Mexico, and from Ohio to Colorado. For-
merly on the Atlantic coast, at least casually, to New England.

205. Grus canadensis (LINN.).

Little Brown Crane.

Ardea canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 141.
Grus tanarfensis TEMM. Man. I. 1820, p. c.

[B 480, C 463, R 584, C 669.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic and subarctic America, breeding from the
Fur Countries and Alaska to the Arctic coast, migrating south in
winter into the western United States.

206. Grus mexicana (MULL.).

Sandhill Crane.

Ardea (grus) mexicana MULL. S. N. Suppl. 1776, no.

Grus mexicana VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XIII. 1817, 561.

76 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B479, C— , R583, C67o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern half of North America ; now rare near the
Atlantic coast, except in Georgia and Florida.

SUBORDER RALLI. RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS, ETC.
FAMILY ARAMIDJE. COURLANS.

GENUS ARAMUS VIEILLOT.

Aramus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 58. Type, Ardea scolopacea
GMEL.

207. Aramus giganteus (BONAP.).

Limpkin.

Rallus giganteus BONAP. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. 1825, 31.
Aramus giganteus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 657.

[B 481, C 464, R 581, C 671.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, Greater Antilles, and both coasts of Central
America.

FAMILY RALLIDJE. RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS.
SUBFAMILY RALLIN.S3. RAILS.
GENUS RALLUS LINNAEUS.

Rallus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 153. Type, R. aquaticus
LINN.

208. Rallus elegans AUD.

King Rail.

Rallus elegans AUD. Orn. Biog. III. 1835, 27> Ph 203-

ORDER PALUDICOLyE.

77

[B 552, C 466, R 569, C 676.]

GEOG. DIST. — Fresh-water marshes of the eastern United States,
north to the Middle States, northern Illinois, Wisconsin, and Kansas,
casually to Massachusetts, Maine, and Ontario.

209. Rallus beldingi RIDGW.

Belding's Kail.
Rallus beldingi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 345.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California (Espiritu Santo Island and vicin-
ity of La Paz).

210. Rallus obsoletus RIDGW.

California Clapper Rail.

Rallus elegans var. obsoletus RIDGW. Am. Nat. VIII. 1871, m.
Rallus obsoletus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V. July, 1880, 139.

[B— C466<7, R 570, C 674.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes of the Pacific coast, from Washington
(?) to Lower California.

211. Rallus crepitans GMEL.

Clapper Rail.

Rallus crepitans GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 713.
[B 553, C 465, R 57i, C 673.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the
United States, breeding from southern Connecticut southward ; resi-
dent from the Potomac southward, occasionally wintering further
north. Casual north to Massachusetts.

211 a. Rallus crepitans saturatus RIDGW.

Louisiana Clapper Rail.

Rallus longirostris saturatus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V.

July, 1880, 140.
Rallus crepitans saturatus SENNETT, Auk, VI. April, 1889,

pp. 164, 1 66.

78 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B — C— , R57i«, C 675.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Louisiana.

211.1. Rallus scottii (SENN.).
Florida Clapper Rail.

Rallus longirostris scottii SENN. Auk, V. July, 1888, 305.
Rallus scottii SENNETT, Auk, VI. April, 1889, pp. 165, 166.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Western Florida (salt marshes).

[211.2.]. Rallus longirostris caribaeus RIDGW.

Caribbean Clapper Rail.

Rallus longirostris caribceus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V.
July, 1880, 140.

[B-, C-, R-, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies and Gulf coast of Mexico, north to
Texas (Corpus Christi and Galveston).

212. Rallus virginianus LINN.

Virginia Rail.

Rallus virginianus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 263.
[B 554, C 467, R 572, C 677.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the British Provinces south to
Guatemala and Cuba.

GENUS PORZANA VIEILLOT.

SUBGENUS PORZANA.
Porzana VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 61. Type, Rallus porzana LINN.

[213.] Forzana porzana (LINN.).

Spotted Crake.

Rallus porzana LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 262.
Porzana porzana BOUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 7.

[B— C- R 573, C 678.]

ORDER PALUDICOL/E.

79

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; occasional in
Greenland.

214. Porzana Carolina (LINN.).

Sora.

Rallus carolinus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 153.
Porzana Carolina BAIRD, Lit. Rec. & Jour. Linn. Assoc. Penn.
Coll. Oct. 1845, 255-

[B 555, C 648, R 574, C 679.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, breeding chiefly north-
ward, but less commonly on the Pacific coast. Casually north to
South Greenland. South to the West Indies and northern South
America.

SUBGENUS COTURNICOPS BONAPARTE.

Coturnicops BONAP. Compt. Rend. XLIII. 1856, 599. Type,
Fulica noveboracensis GMEL.

215. Porzana noveboracensis (GMEL.).

Yellow Rail.

Fulica noveboracensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 701.
Porzana noveboracensis BAIRD, Lit. Rec. & Jour. Linn. Assoc.
Penn. Coll. Oct. 1845, 255-

[B 557, C 469, R 575, C 680.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly eastern North America, north to Nova Scotia,
Hudson Bay, etc., less commonly west to Nevada and California.
No extralimital records except for Cuba and Bermuda.

SUBGENUS CRECISCUS CABANIS.
Creciscus CAB. J. f. O. 1856, 428. Type, Rallu s jamaicensis LINN.

210. Porzana jamaicensis (GMEL.).

Black Rail.

Rallus jamaicensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 718.
Porzana jamaicensis BAIRD, Lit. Rec. & Jour. Linn. Assoc. Penn.
Coll. Oct. 1845, 257-

80 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 556, C 47°, R576, C68i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, north to Massachusetts,
northern Illinois, and Oregon ; south to West Indies and Guatemala.

216.1. Forzana coturniculus (RIDGW.).

Farallone Rail.

Porzana jamaicen sis var. coturniculus " BAIRD, MS." RIDGW. Am.

Nat. VIII. Feb. 1874, in.
Porzana coturniculus RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XIII.

1890, 311.

[B— , C 4700, R 5760, C 682.]

GEOG. DIST. — Known only from the type specimen, from Faral-
lone Islands, California.

GENUS CREX BECHSTEIN.

Crex BECHST. Orn. Taschb. Deutschl. 1802, 336. Type, Rallus
crex LINN.

[217.] Crex crex (LINN.).

Corn Crake.

Rallus crex LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 153.

Crex crex SHARPE, LAYARD'S Bds. S. Africa, 1884, 611.

[B 558, C 471, R 577, C 683.]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and northern Asia ; casual in Greenland,
Bermuda, and eastern North America.

SUBFAMILY GALLINULIN^i. GALLINULES.

GENUS IONORNIS REICHENBACH.

lonornis REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xxi. Type, Fulica martinica
LINN.

218. lonornis martinica (LINN.).

Purple Gallinule.

Fulica martinica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 259.
lonornis martinica REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xxi.

ORDER PALUDICOL^E. 8 1

[B 561, C 473. R 578, C 685.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, casually northward
to Maine, New York, Wisconsin, etc. ; south throughout the West
Indies, Mexico, Central America and northern South America to.
Brazil.

GENUS GALLINULA BRISSON.

Gallinula BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 2. Type, Fulica chloropus LINN.
219. Gallinula galeata (LIGHT.).

Florida Gallinule.

Crex galeata LIGHT. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 80.
Gallinula galeata BONAP. Am. Orn. IV. 1832, 128.

[B56o, C 472, R 579, C68S.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate and tropical America, from Canada to
Brazil and Chili.

SUBFAMILY FT7IjICIN2E. COOTS.
GENUS FULICA LINNAEUS.

Fulica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 152. Type, F. atra LINN.
[220.] Fulica atra LINN.

European Coot.

Fulica atra LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 152.
[B — , C — , R — , C 885.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the eastern hemisphere in gen-
eral ; accidental in Greenland.

221. Fulica americana GMEL.

American Coot.

Fulica americana GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 704.
[B 559, C 474, R 580, C 686.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from Greenland and Alaska south-
ward to the West Indies and Veragua.

82 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER LIMICOL^E. SHORE BIRDS.

FAMILY FHALAROPODID-S3. PHALAROPES.

GENUS CRYMOPHILTJS VIEILLOT.

Crymophilus VIEILL. Anal. 1816, 62. Type, Tringa fulicaria
LINN.

222. Crymophilus fulicarius (LINN.).

Red Phalarope.

Tringa fulicaria LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148.
Crymophilus fulicarius STEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 183.

[B52i, C4n, £563, C6o4.J

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of northern hemisphere, breeding
in the Arctic regions and migrating south in winter ; in the United
States south to the Middle States, Ohio Valley, and Cape St. Lucas ;
chiefly maritime.

GENUS PHALAROPUS BRISSON.
SUBGENUS PHALAROPUS.

Phalaropus BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 12. Type, by elimination,
Tringa lobata LINN.

223. Phalaropus lobatus (LINN.).

Northern Phalarope.

Tringa lobata LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148, 824.
Phalaropus lobatus SALVAD. Ucc. d'ltalia, II. 1872, 210 (nee

LATHAM qui Crymophilus fulicarius, nee WILSON qui Ph.

tricolor) .

[B 520, C 410, R564, C6o3.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of northern hemisphere, breed-
ing in arctic latitudes ; south in winter to the tropics.

ORDER LIMICOLyE. 83

SUBGENUS STEGANOPUS VIEILLOT.

Steganopus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXII. 1819, 136.
Type, S. tricolor VIEILL.

224. Fhalaropus tricolor (VIEILL.).

Wilson's Phalarope.

Steganopus tricolor VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXII.

1819, 136.
Phalaropus tricolor STEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 183.

[6519, C 409, R 565, C6o2.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, chiefly the interior,
breeding from northern Illinois and Utah northward to the Sas-
katchewan region ; south in winter to Brazil and Patagonia.

FAMILY RECURVIROSTRID.SJ. AVOCETS AND STILTS.

GENUS RECURVIROSTRA LINN^US.

Recurvirostra LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 151. Type, R.
avosetta LINN.

225. Recurvirostra americana GMEL.

American Avocet.

Recurvirostra americana GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 693.

[8517, €407, R566, C6oo.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, north to the Saskat-
chewan and Great Slave Lake ; in winter, south to Guatemala and
the West Indies. Rare in the eastern United States.

GENUS HIMANTOPUS BRISSON.

Himantopus BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 33. Type, Charadrius himan-
topus LINN.

84 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

226. Himantopus mexicanus (MULL.).

Black-necked Stilt.

Charadrius mexicanus MULL. S. N. Suppl. 1776, 117.
Himantopus mexicanus ORD, WILS. Orn. VII. 1824, 52.

[B 518, C 408, R 567, C 601.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, from the northern
United States southward to the West Indies, northern Brazil, and
Peru. Rare in eastern United States, except in Florida.

FAMILY SCOLOPACID^EI. SNIPES, SANDPIPERS, ETC.

GENUS SCOLOPAX LINNAEUS.

Scolopax LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 145. Type, S. rusticola
LINN.

[227.] Scolopax rusticola LINN.

European Woodcock.

Scolopax rusticola LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 146.

[B— , C4i3, ^524, C6o6.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; occasional in
eastern North America.

/
GENUS FHILOHELA GRAY.

Philohela GRAY, List Gen. B. 1841, 90. Type, Scolopax minor GM.
228. Philohela minor (GMEL.).

American Woodcock.

Scolopax minor GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 661.
Philohela minor GRAY, List Gen. B. 1841, 90.

[B 522, C 412, R 525, C 605.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to the British Pro-
vinces, west to Dakota, Kansas, etc. ; breeding throughout its range.
No extralimital record except Bermuda.

ORDER LIMICOL^S. 85

GENUS GALLINAGO I<EACH.

Gallinago LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & Birds, 1816, 31.
Type, Scolopax major LINN.

[229.] Gallinago gallinago (LINN.).

European Snipe.

Scolopax gallinago LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 147.
Gallinago gallinago LIGHT. Nom. Mus. Berol. 1854, 93.

[B— , C— , R526, C 607.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; frequent in
Greenland, accidental in Bermuda.

230. Gallinago delicata (ORD).

Wilson's Snipe.

Scolopax delicata ORD, WILS. Orn. IX. 1825, p. ccxviii.
Gallinago delicata A. O. U. Check- List, 1886, 148.

[B 523, C 414, R 5260, C 608.]

GEOG. DIST. — North and Middle America, breeding from the
northern United States northward ; south in winter to the West
Indies and northern South America.

GENUS MACRORHAMPHUS LEACH.

Macrorhamphus LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 31.
Type, Scolopax grisea GMEL.

231. Macrorhamphus griseus (GMEL.).

Dowitcher.

Scolopax grisea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 658.
Macrorhamphus griseus LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B.
1816, 31.

[B 524, C 415, R 527, C 609.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding far north ; south
in winter to the West Indies and Brazil. Casual (?) in Alaska
(Nushagak River), Bermuda, Great Britain, and Europe.

86 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

232. Macrorhamphus scolopaceus (SAY).

Long-billed Dowitcher.

Limosa scolopacea SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 170.
Macrorhamphus scolopaceus LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1852, 4,
pi. i.

[B 525, C 4150, R 5270, C 610.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, breeding in Alaska to the
Arctic coast, migrating south in winter through the western United
States (including Mississippi Valley) to Mexico, and, less commonly,
along Atlantic coast.

GENUS MICROPALAMA BAIRD.

Micropalama BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 726. Type, Tringa himan-
topus BONAP.

233. Micropalama himantopus (BONAP.).

Stilt Sandpiper.

Tringa himantopus BONAP. Ann. Lye. N*. Y. II. 1826, 157.
Micropalama himantopus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 726.

[6536, C 416, R 528, C 611.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding north of the
United States, and migrating in winter to Bermuda, West Indies and
Central and South America.

GENUS TRINGA LINNAEUS.
SUBGENUS TRINGA.

Tringa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148. Type, by elimination,
T. canutus LINN.

234. Tringa canutus LINN.

Knot.

Tringa canutus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 149.

[B 526, C 426, R 529, C 626.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in high northern
latitudes, but visits the southern hemisphere during its migrations.

ORDER LIMICOL^E. 87

SUBGENUS ARQUATELLA BAIRD.

Arquatella BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 714, 717. Type, Tringa
maritima BRUNN.

235. Tringa maritima BRUNN.

Purple Sandpiper.

Tringa maritima BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 54.

[6528, €423, R53°> C 620.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of the northern hemisphere ; in
North America chiefly the northeastern portions, breeding in the
high north, migrating in winter to the Eastern and Middle States
(casually to Florida), the Great Lakes, and the shores of the larger
streams in the upper Mississippi Valley.

236. Tringa couesi (Rmcw.).

Aleutian Sandpiper.

Arquatella couesi RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V. July, 1880,

160.
Tringa couesi HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn. 1883, 280.

[B— , C— , R53i, C62i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Aleutian Islands and coast of Alaska, north to
Kowak River, west to Commander Islands, Kamchatka.

237. Tringa ptilocnemis COUES.

Pribilof Sandpiper.

Tringa ptilocnemis COUES, ELLIOTT'S Rep. Seal Isl. Alaska, 1873
(not paged).

[B— , C 426 for, R 532, C 622.]

GEOG. DIST. — Breeding in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, and mi-
grating to coast of adjacent mainland south of Norton Sound.

SUBGENUS ACTODROMAS KAUP.

Actodromas KAUP, SKIZZ. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 37.
Type, Tringa minuta LEISL.

88 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

238. Tringa acuminata (HORSF.).

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.

Totanus acuminatus HORSF. Linn. Trans. XIII. 1821, 192.
Tringa acuminata SWINH. P. Z. S. 1863, 316.

[B-, C-, R533, C6i9.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Asia, and coast of Alaska, migrating south
to Java and Australia.

239. Tringa maculata VIEILL.

Pectoral Sandpiper.

Tringa maculata VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.
1819, 465.

[B53i, C42o, R534, C 616.]

GEOG. DIST. — The whole of North America, the West Indies, and
the greater part of South America. Breeds in the Arctic regions.
Of frequent occurrence in Europe.

240. Tringa fuscicollis VIEILL.

Wnite-rumped Sandpiper.

Tringa fuscicollis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.
1819, 461.

[B533, C 421, R536, C 617.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding in the high north.
In winter, the West Indies, Central and South America, south to the
Falkland Islands. Occasional in Europe.

241. Tringa bairdii (COUES).

Baird's Sandpiper.

Actodromas bairdii COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 194.
Tringa bairdii SCL. P. Z. S. 1867, 332.

[B— , C 419, R 537, C 615.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly the whole of North and South America, but
chiefly the interior of North and the western portions of South
America, south to Chili and Patagonia. Breeds in Alaska and on
the Barren Grounds. Rare along the Atlantic coast, and not yet
recorded from the Pacific coast of the United States.

ORDER LIMICOI^E. 89

242. Tringa minutilla VIEILL.

Least Sandpiper.

Tringa minutilla VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.
1819, 452.

[B 532, C 418, R 538, C 614.]

GEOG. DIST. — The whole of North and South America, breeding
north of the United States. Accidental in Europe.

[242.1.] Tringa damacensis (HORSF.).

Long-toed Stint.

Totanus damacensis HORSF. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. 1821, 129.
Tringa damacensis SWINH. Ibis, Oct. 1863, 413.

[B— C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Asia, breeding toward Arctic coast ; accidental in
Alaska (Otter Island, Bering Sea).

SUBGENUS PELIDNA CUVIER.

Pelidna Cuv. R£gne An. 1817, 490. Type, Tringa alpina LINN.
[243.] Tringa alpina LINN.

Dunlin.

Tringa alpina LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 149.
[B- C-, R539, C623.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World; accidental in
eastern North America (west side of Hudson Bay and Long Island).

243#. Tringa alpina pacifica (COUES).

Red-backed Sandpiper.

Pelidna pacifica COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 189.
Tringa alpina pacifica A. O. U. Check- List, 1886, 152.

[B 530, C 424, R 5390, C 624.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, breeding far north.
Eastern Asia.

90 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBGENUS ANCYLOCHBILUS KAUP.

Ancylocheilns KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 50.
Type, Tringa subarquata TEMM. = T.ferruginea BRUNN.

244. Tringa ferruginea BRUNN.

Curlew Sandpiper.

Tringa ferruginea BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 53.
[B 529, C 425, R 540, C 625.]

GEOG. DIST. — Old World in general ; occasional in eastern North
America and Alaska.

GENUS EURYNORHYNCHUS NILSSON.

Eurynorhynchus NILSS. Orn. Suec. II. 1821,29. Type, Platalea
pygmcea LINN.

[245.] Eurynorhynchus pygmaeus (LINN.).

Spoon-bill Sandpiper.

Platalea pygmcea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 140.
Eurynorhynchus pygmceus PEARSON, Jour. As. Soc. Beng. V.
1836, 127.

[B— C— , R542*, C884.]

GEOG. DIST. — Asia ; in summer along the Arctic coast, in winter
southern and southeastern Asia. Accidental on the coast of Alaska
(Choris Peninsula).

GENUS EREUNETES ILLIGER.

Ereunetes ILLIG. Prodr. 1811, 262. Type, E, petrifi catus ILLIG.
= Tringa pusilla LINN.

246. Ereunetes pusillus (LINN.).

Semipalmated Sandpiper.

Tringa pusilla LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 252.

Ereunetes pusillus CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, 195.

ORDER LIMICOL^E. 91

[B 535, C 417, R 54i, C 612.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding north of the
United States ; south in winter to the West Indies and South America.

247. Ereunetes occidentalis LAWR.

Western Sandpiper.

Ereunetes occidentalis LAWR. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 107.

[B — , C 4170, R 5410, C 613.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly western United States, frequent eastward
to the Atlantic coast ; breeding far north and migrating in winter to
Central and South America.

GENUS CALIDRIS CUVIER.

Calidris Cuv. Leg. Anat. Comp. I. 1799-1800, tabl. ii. Type,
Tringa arenaria LINN.

248. Calidris arenaria (LINN.).

Sanderling.

Tringa arenaria LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 251.

Calidris arenaria LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 28.

[B534, C427, R542, C627.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan, breeding in the arctic and
subarctic regions, migrating, in America, south to Chili and Pata-
gonia.

GENUS LIMOSA BRISSON.
Limosa BRISS. Orn. V. 1760, 261. Type, Scolopax limosa LINN.

249. Limosa fedoa (LINN.).

Marbled Godwit.

Scolopax fedoa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 146.

Limosa fedoa SABINE, FRANKLIN'S Journ. Polar Sea, 1823, 689.

92 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 547. C 428, R 543, C 628.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America ; breeding in the interior (from
Iowa and Nebraska, northward to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan),
migrating in winter to Guatemala, Yucatan, etc., and Cuba.

250. Limosa lapponica baueri (NAUM.).

Pacific Godwit.

Limosa baueri NAUMANN, Vog. Deutschl. VIII. 1834, 429.
Limosa lapponica baueri STEJN. Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 122.

[B— C43o, R 544, C 63 1.]

GEOG. DIST. — Shores and islands of the Pacific Ocean, from New
Zealand and Australia to Kamchatka and Alaska. On the Amer-
ican coast recorded south of Alaska only from La Paz, Lower Cali-
fornia.

251. Limosa haemastica (LINN.).

Hudsoniaii Godwit.

Scolopax h&mastica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 147.
Limosa hcemastica COUES, Birds Northwest, 1874, 760.

[B 548, C 429, R 545, C 629.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America and the whole of Middle
and South America. Breeds only in the high north.

[252.] Limosa limosa (LINN.).

Black-tailed Godwit.

Scolopax limosa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 147.

Limosa limosa RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 356.

[B— , C— R546, C63o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; accidental in
Greenland.

GENUS TOTANUS BECHSTEIN.

Totanus BECH. Orn. Tasch. Deutschl. 1803, 282. Type, Scolo-
pax totanus LINN.

ORDER

SUBGENUS GLOTTIS KOCH.

93

Glottis KOCH, Baier. Zool. 1816, 304. Type, Totanus glottis
BECHST. = Scolopax nebularius GUNNER.

[253.] Totanus nebularius (GUNN.).

Green-shank.

Scolopax nebularius GUNNER, in LEEM, Lapp. Beskr. 1767, 251.
Totanus nebularius STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 37.

[B 538, C 434, R 547, C 635.]
GEOG. DIST. — Eastern hemisphere ; accidental in Florida.

254. Totanus melanoleucus (GMEL.).

Greater Yellow-legs.

Scolopax melanoleuca GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 659.
Totanus melanoleucus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. VI. 1816,
398.

[B 539, C 432, R 548, C 633.]

GEOG. DIST. — America in general, breeding from Iowa and north-
ern Illinois, etc., northward, and migrating south to Chili and
Argentine Republic.

255. Totanus flavipes (GMEL.).

Yellow-legs.

Scolopax flavipes GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 659.

Totanus flavipes VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. VI. 1816, 410.

[B 540, C 433, R 549> C 634.]

GEOG. DIST. — America in general, breeding in the cold temperate
and subarctic districts, and migrating south in winter to southern
South America. Less common in western than in eastern North
America.

SUBGENUS HELODROMAS KAUP.

Helodromas KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 144.
Type, Tringa ochropus LINN.

94 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

256. Totanus solitarius (WILS.).

Solitary Sandpiper.

Tringa solitaria WILS. Am. Orn. VII. 1813, 53, pi. 58, fig. 3.
Totanus solitarius BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. 1825, 86.

[B 541, C 435, R 55o> C 637.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding occasionally in the north-
ern United States, more commonly northward, and migrating south-
ward as far as the Argentine Republic and Peru.

256 a. Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus BREWSTER.

Western Solitary Sandpiper.

Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus BREWSTER, Auk, VII. Oct. 1890,
377-

[B 541, part, C 435, part, R $$o, part, C 6^, part]
GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, eastward to the Plains.

[257.] Totanus ochropus (LINN.).

Green Sandpiper.

Tringa ocrophus (err. typ.) LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 149.
Totanus ochropus TEMM. Man. 1815, 420.

[B- C- RSSi, C636.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World. Accidental in
Nova Scotia.

GENUS SYMPHEMIA RAFINESQUE.

Symphemia RAFINESQUE, Jour, de Phys. LXXXVIII. 1819, 418.
Type, Scolopax semipalmata GMEL.

258. Symphemia semipalmata (GMEL.).

Willet.

Scolopax semipalmata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 659.
Symphemia semipalmata HARTL. Rev. Zool. 1845, 342.

[B 537, C 431, R 552, C 632.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern temperate North America, south to the
West Indies and Brazil. Breeds from Florida to New Jersey and
locally and rarely to Maine. Accidental in Bermuda and Europe.

ORDER LIMICOL^E. 95

258 a. Symphemia semipalmata inornata BREWST.

Western Willet.

Symphemia semipalmata inornata BREWST. Auk, IV. April, 1887,
145-
[B $Zl,part, R 431, part, R 552, part, C 632, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, east to Mississippi Valley
and Gulf States ; in winter, south to Mexico, and, during migrations,
sparingly along coast of southern Atlantic States. Breeds from
coast of Texas to Manitoba.

GENUS HETERACTITIS STEJNEGER.

Heteractitis STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 236. Type, Scolopax
incanus GMEL.

259. Heteractitis incanus (GMEL.).

Wandering Taller.

Scolopax incanus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 658.
Heteractitis incanus STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 236.

[B 542, C 440, R 553, C 642.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of America, from Norton Sound,
Alaska, to the Galapagos, and west to Kamchatka and Hawaiian
Islands ; also the more eastern island groups of Polynesia.

GENUS PAVONCELLA LEACH.

Pavoncella LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 29. Type,
Tringa pugnax LINN.

[260.] Pavoncella pugnax (LINN.).

Ruff.

Tringa pugnax LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148.

Pavoncella pugnax LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 29.

[B 544, C 437, R 554, C 639.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World, straying occa-
sionally to eastern North America.

96 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS BARTRAMIA LESSON.

Bartramia LESS. Traite", 1831, 553. Type, B. laticauda LESS.
= Tringa longicauda BECHST.

261. Bartramia longicauda (BECHST.).

Bartramian Sandpiper.

Tringa longicauda BECHST. Uebers. Lath. Ind. Orn. II. 1812,

453-
Bartramitis longicaudus BONAP. Rev. etMag. Zool. XX. 1857, 59.

[B 545, C 438, R 555, C 640.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, mainly east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, north to Nova Scotia and Alaska, breeding throughout most
of its North American range ; migrating in winter southward, as far
as Brazil and Peru. Occasional in Europe.

GENUS TRYNGITES CABANIS.

Tryngites CAB. Jour, fur Orn. 1856, 418. Type, Tringa rufes-
cens VIEILL. = T. subruficollis VIEILL.

262. Tryngites subruficollis (VIEILL.).

Buff-breasted Sandpiper.

Tringa subruficollis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.

1819, 465.

Tryngites subruficollis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
356.

[B 546, C 439. R 556, C 641.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, especially in the interior; breeds
in the Yukon district and the interior of British America, northward
to the Arctic coast ; South America in winter as far as Uruguay and
Peru. Of frequent occurrence in Europe.

GENUS ACTITIS ILLIGER.
Actitis ILLIG. Prodr. 1811, 262. Type, Tringa hypoleucos LINN*.

ORDER LIMICOL^E.

97-

263. Actitis macularia (LINN.).

Spotted Sandpiper.

Tringa macularia LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 249.
Actitis macularia NAUMANN, Vog. Deutschl. VIII. 1836, 34.

[B 543, C 436, R 557, C 638.]

GEOG. DIST. — North and South America, from Alaska south to
southern Brazil. Breeds throughout temperate North America, less
commonly on the Pacific coast. Occasional in Europe.

GENUS NUMENIUS BRISSON.

Numenius BRISS. Orn. VI. 1760, 311. Type, Scolopax arquata
LINN.

264. Numenius longirostris WILS.

Long-billed Curlew.

Numenius longirostris WILS. Am. Orn. VIII. 1814, 24, pi. 64,
fig. 4.

[B 549, C 441, R 558, C 643-]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, migrating south to
Guatemala, Cuba, and Jamaica. Breeds in the South Atlantic States,
and in the interior through most of its North American range.

265. Numenius hudsonicus LATH.

Hudsonian Curlew.
Numenius hudsonicus LATH. Ind. Orn. II. 1790. 712.

[B 550, C 442, R 559, C 645.]

GEOG. DIST. — All of North and South America, including the
West Indies ; breeds in the high north, and winters chiefly south of
the United States.

266. Numenius borealis (FORST.).

Eskimo Curlew.

Scolopax borealis FORST. Phil. Trans. LXII. 1772, 411, 431.
Numenius borealis LATH. Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 712.

98 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 55i,C443, R56o, C646.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding in the Arctic
regions, and migrating south throughout South America.

[267.] Numenius phaeopus (LINN.).
Whimbrel.

Scolopax phaopus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 146.
Numenius phceopus LATH. Gen. Syn. Suppl. I. 1787, 291.

[B— C— , R56i, C644-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; occasional in-
Greenland.

[268.] Numenius tahitiensis (GMEL.).

Bristle- thighed Curlew.

Scolopax tahitiensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 656.
Numenius tahitiensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24^
1880, 201.

[B— , C 442 <**, ^562, C647.]

GEOG. DIST. — Islands of the Pacific Ocean. Occasional on the
coast of Alaska and Lower California.

FAMILY CHARADRIIDJE. PLOVERS.

GENUS VANELLUS BRISSON.
Vanellus BRISS. Orn. V. 1760, 94. Type, Tringa vanellus LINN.

[269.] Vanellus vanellus (LINN.).

Lapwing.

Tringa vanellus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148.
Vanellus vanellus LIGHT. Nom. Mus. Berol. 1854, 95.

[B— C— RSi2, C593.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of eastern hemisphere. In North
America, occasional in Greenland, the islands in Norton Sound,
Alaska, and on Long Island.

ORDER LIMICOI^E. 99

GENUS CHARADRIUS LINN^US.

SUBGENUS SQUATAROLA CUVIER.

Squatarola Cuv. Reg. An. I. 1817, 467. Type, Tringa squatarola
LINN.

270. Charadrius squatarola (LINN.).

Black-bellied Plover.

Tringa squatarola LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 149.
Charadrius squatarola NAUM. Vog. Deutschl. VII. 1834, 250.

[B5io, €395, RS^, C58o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan, but chiefly in the northern
hemisphere, breeding far north, and migrating south in winter; in
America, to the West Indies, Brazil, and Colombia.

SUBGENUS CHARADRIUS LINN.EUS.

Charadrius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 150. Type, C. aprica-
rius LINN.

[271.] Charadrius apricarius LINN.

Golden Plover.

Charadrius apricarius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 150.

[B— , C— RSi4, C583.]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe, south to Africa in winter ; eastern Green-
land.

272. Charadrius dominicus MULL.

American Golden Plover.

Charadrius dominicus MULL. S. N. Suppl. 1776, 116.

[6503,0396, R5i5, C 581.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America except coast of Bering Sea, migrat-
ing southward throughout North and South America to Patagonia.

100 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

272 a. Charadrius dominicus fulvus (GMEL.).

Pacific Golden Plover.

Charadrius fulvus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 687.
Charadrius dominicus fulvus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
1880, 198.

[B— , C — , R 515*, 0582.]

GEOG. DIST. — Breeding from northern Asia to the Pribilof Islands
and coast of Alaska, south in winter through China and India to
Australia and Polynesia.

GENUS -SiGrlALITIS BOIE.
SUBGENUS OXYBCHUS REICHENBACH.

Oxyechus REICH. Syst. Av. 1853, p. xviii. Type, Charadrius
vociferus LINN.

273. JEgialitis vocifera (LINN.).

Killdeer.

Charadrius vociferus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 150.
sEgialites vociferus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 45.

[B 504, C 397, R 516, C 584.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, breeding north to New-
foundland and Manitoba, migrating to the West Indies, and Central
and northern South America. Bermuda.

SUBGENUS -EJGIALITIS BOIE.

SEgialitis BOIE, Isis, 1822, 558. Type, by elimination, Chara-
drius hiaticula LINN.

274. JBgialitis semipalmata BONAP.

Seinipal mated Plover.

Charadrius semipalmatus BONAP. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

V. 1825, 98.
^Egialites semipalmatus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 45.

ORDER LIMICOL^:. IOI

[B 507, C 399, R 517, C 586.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic and subarctic America, migrating south
throughout tropical America, as far as Brazil, Peru, and the Gala-
pagos.

275. -ffigialitis hiaticula (LINN.).

Ring Plover.

Charadrius hiaticula LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 150.
^Egialitis hiaticula BOIE, I sis, 1822, 558.

[B— , C— R5i8, C589.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World and portions of
Arctic America, breeding on the west shore of Cumberland Gulf.

[276.] ^EJgialitis dubia (Scop.).

Uttle Ring Plover.

Charadrius dubius SCOPOLI, Delic. F. et Fl. Insubr. II. 1786, 93.
sEgialites dubius SWINH. P. Z. S. 1871, 404.

[B — , C 400 bis, R 519, C 590.]

GEOG. DIST. — Most of the eastern hemisphere, breeding northward.
Accidental on the coast of California and in Alaska.

277. JEgialitis meloda (ORD).

Piping Plover.

Charadrius melodus ORD, ed. WILS. VII. 1824, 71.
sEgialites melodus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 45.

[B 508, C4oo, R52o, C587.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from the coast of
Virginia northward to Newfoundland ; in winter, West Indies.

2770. JEgialitis meloda circumcincta RIDGW.

Belted Piping Plover.

^Egialitis melodus var. circumcinctus RIDGW. Am. Nat. VIII.
Feb. 1874, 109.

[B— , C 4000, R 5200, C 588.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mississippi Valley, breeding from northern Illinois
north to Lake Winnipeg ; more or less frequent eastward to the
Atlantic coast.

102 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

278. JBgialitis nivosa CASS.
Snowy Plover.

sEgialitis nivosa CASS. in BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 696.

[B 509, C 401, R 521, C 591.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from California east to
Kansas and western Gulf States ; in winter, both coasts of Central
America, and western South America to Chili. Western Cuba.

[279.] ^Bgialitis mongola (PALL.).

Mongolian Plover.

Charadrius mongolus PALL. Reise Russ. Reich. III. 1776, 700.
sEgialites mongolus SWINH. P. Z. S. 1870, 140.

[B— C— R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Asia, south in winter to India, Malay
Archipelago, Philippines, and Australia. Choris Peninsula, Alaska ;
accidental.

SUBGENUS OCHTHODROMUS REICHENBACH.

Ochthodromus REICH. Syst. Av. 1852, p. xviii. Type, Chara-
drius wilsonius ORD.

280. -SJgialitis wilsonia (ORD).

Wilson's Plover.

Charadrius wilsonia ORD, WILS. Orn. IX. 1814, 77, pi. 73, fig. 5.
^Egialites wilsonius BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 45.

[B 506, C 398, R 522, C 585.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coasts of North and South America, from Long
Island and Lower California southward to Brazil and Peru, including
the West Indies. Casual north to Nova Scotia.

SUBGENUS PODASOCYS COUES.

Podasocys COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 96. Type,
Charadrius montanus TOWNS.

ORDER LIMICOIwE. 103

281. JBgialitis montana (TOWNS.).

Mountain Plover.

Charadrius montanus TOWNS. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII.

1837, !92-
^Egialitis montanus CASS. in BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 693.

[B 505, C 402, R 523, C 592.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly the Plains, from central Kansas to the
Rocky Mountains, north to the British boundary, breeding from
Kansas northward ; westward, especially in winter, to central and
southern California, and south to Lower California and San Luis
Potosi, Mexico. Accidental in Florida.

FAMILY APHRIZID-ffi. SURF BIRDS AND TURNSTONES.
SUBFAMILY APHRIZINJB. SURF BIRDS.

GENUS APHRIZA AUDUBON.

Aphriza AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 249- Type, A. townsendi AUD.
= Tringa virgata GMEL.

282. Aphriza virgata (GMEL.).

Surf Bird.

Tringa virgata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 674.
Aphriza virgata GRAY, Gen. B. III. 1847, pi. cxlvii.

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of America, from Alaska to Chili.
SUBFAMILY ARENARIINJE. TURNSTONES.

GENUS ARENARIA BRISSON.

Arenaria BRISS. Orn. V. 1760, 132. Type, Tringa interpret LINN.
•283. Arenaria interpres (LINN.).

Turnstone.

Tringa interpres LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 148.
Arenaria interpres VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXIV, 1819,
345-

104 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 5 1 5, C 406, R 509, C 598.]

GEOG. DIST. — Nearly cosmopolitan. In America from Greenland
and Alaska to the Straits of Magellan ; more or less common in the
interior of North America, on the shores of the Great Lakes and the
larger rivers. Breeds in high northern latitudes.

284. Arenaria melanocephala (Vic.).

Black Turnstone.

Strepsilas melanocephalus VIG. Zool. Jour. IV. Jan. 1829, 356.
Arenaria melanocephala STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 229.

[B 516, C 4060, R 510, C 599.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from Point Barrow,
Alaska, to Santa Margarita Island, Lower California ; breeding from
Alaska south to British Columbia. Accidental in India.

FAMILY H-SJMATOPODID.ffi. OYSTER-CATCHERS.

GENUS HJEMATOPUS LINNAEUS.

Hamatopus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 152. Type, H. ostrale-
gus LINN.

[285.] Hsematopus ostralegus LINN.

Oyster-catch er.

Hamatopus ostralegus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 152.

[B— C— , R 506, C 595.]

GEOG. DIST. — Sea-coasts of Europe and part of Asia and Africa ;
occasional in Greenland.

286. Hsematopus palliatus TEMM.

American Oyster-catcher.

H&matopus palliatus TEMM. Man. II. 1820, 532.

[B 512, C 404, R 507, C 596.]

GEOG. DIST. — Sea-coasts of temperate and tropical America, from
New Jersey and western Mexico to Patagonia ; occasional or acci-
dental on the Atlantic coast north to Massachusetts and Grand
Menan.

ORDER LIMICOL^E. 105

286.1. Haematopus frazari BREWST.

Frazar's Oyster-catcher.

Hcematopus frazari BREWST. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 84.
[B— C — R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California (both coasts), north to Los Coro-
nados Islands.

287. Haematopus bachmani AUD.

Black Oyster-catcher.

Hcematopus bachmani AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 245, pi. 427.
[B 513, €405, R 508, 0597.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from the Aleutian
Islands to La Paz, Lower California.

FAMILY JACANIDJE. JACANAS.

GENUS JACANA BRISSON.

Jacana BRISS. Orn. V. 1760, 121. Type, by elimination, Fulica
spinosa LINN.

[288.] Jacana spinosa (LINN.).

Mexican Jacana.

Fulica spinosa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 152.
Jacana spinosa ELLIOT, Auk, V. July, 1888, 297.

[B— C— R568, C672.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, south to Panama.
Cuba ; Haiti.

106 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER GALLIN^E. GALLINACEOUS BIRDS.

SUBORDER PHASIANI. PHEASANTS, GROUSE, PAR-
TRIDGES, QUAILS, ETC.

FAMILY TETRAONID-ffi. GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, ETC.
SUBFAMILY PERDICIN-SJ PARTRIDGES.

GENUS COLINUS LESSON.

Colinus LESS. Man. d'Orn. II. 1828, 190. Type, Tetrao virgin-
ianus LINN.

289. Colinus virginianus (LINN.).

Bob-white.

Tetrao virginianus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 161.
Colinus virginianus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 45.

[B47i, C 389, R 480, C 571.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Ontario, from
southern Maine to the South Atlantic and Gulf States ; west to central
South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma and eastern Texas. Of
late years has gradually extended its range westward along lines of
railroad and settlements ; also, introduced at various points in
Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, California, Oregon, and Wash-
ington. Breeds throughout its range.

289 a. Colinus virginianus floridanus (COUES).

Florida Bob-white.

Ortyx virginianus vxt.fioridanus COUES, Key, 1872, 237.
Colinus virginianus Jloridanus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 45.

ORDER CALLING. 107

[B— , C389rt, R48oa, €572.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida.

289 b. Colinus virginianus texanus (LAWR.).

Texan Bob-white.

Ortyx texanus LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VI. April, 1853, i.
Colinus virginianus texanus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 45.

[B 472, C 389^, R 4So/>, C 573.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern and western Texas, south to central
Tamaulipas and southern Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Western Mexico,
near Guadalajara.

291. Colinus ridgwayi BREWST.
Masked Bob- white.

Colinus ridgwayi BREWST. Auk, II. April, 1885, 199.

[B— , C— , R-, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Sonora to southern Arizona.

GENUS OREORTYX BAIRD.

Oreortyx BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 642. Type, Ortyx picta DOUGL.
292. Oreortyx pictus (DOUGL.).

Mountain Partridge.

Ortyx picta DOUGL. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. 1829, 143.
Oreortyx pictus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 642.

[B 473, C 390, R 481, C 574.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from San Francisco Bay north
to Washington. Introduced on Vancouver Island.

292 dr. Oreortyx pictus plumiferus (GOULD).

Plumed Partridge.

Ortyx plumif era GOULD, P. Z. S. 1837, 42.

Oreortyx pictus var. plumiferus RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am. B. III.
1874, 476.

108 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C — R48itf, C— .] •

GEOG. DIST. — Sierra Nevada (both slopes), east to Panamint
Mountains, and to Mount Magruder, Nevada ; south in the coast
ranges from San Francisco Bay to Lower California (Campos).

292 b. Oreortyx pictus confinis ANTHONY.

San Pedro Partridge.

Oreortyx picta confinis ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d. ser. II.
Oct. n, 1889, 74.

[B— C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — San Pedro Mountains, Lower California.

GENUS CALLIPEPLA WAGLER.
SUBGENUS CALLIPEPLA.

Callipepla WAGLER, Isis, 1832, 277. Type, C. strenua WAGL.
= Ortyx squamatus VIG.

293. Callipepla squamata (ViG.).

Scaled Partridge.

Ortyx squamatus VIG. Zool. Jour. V. 1830, 275.
Callipepla squamata GRAY, List Gen. B. ed. i, 1840, 61.

[B 476, C 393, R 484, C577.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tablelands of Mexico, from the valley of Mexico,
north to central and western Texas, Santa Fe, New Mexico, and
southern Arizona.

293 a. Callipepla squamata castanogastris BREWST.

Chestnut-bellied Scaled Partridge.

Callipepla squamata castanogastris BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, VIII. Jan. 1883, 34.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Northeastern Mexico and Lower Rio Grande Valley
in Texas.

ORDER GALLING. 109

SUBGENUS LOPHORTYX BONAPARTE.

Lophortyx BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 42. Type, Tetrao
californicus SHAW.

294. Callipepla calif ornica (SHAW).

California Partridge.

Tetrao californicus SHAW, Nat. Misc. IX. 1797 (?), pi. cccxlv.
Callipepla californica GOULD, Mon. Odont. "pt. i. 1844," pi. xvi.

[B 474* C 391, R 482, €575.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of California, south to Monterey.
Introduced in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.

294 rt. Callipepla californica vallicola RIDGWAY.

Valley Partridge.

Callipepla californica vallicola RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 355.

[B-, C- R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior valleys of California and foothills of the
Sierra Nevada, east to the Panamint Mountains, south to Cape St.
Lucas.

295. Callipepla gambelii (GAMBEL).

GaiubePs Partridge.

Lophortyx gambelii "NUTTALL," GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.

1843, 26°-

Callipepla gambeli GAMBEL, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. n. s. I,
1849, 2I9-

[B 475, C 392, R 483, C 576.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, southern
Utah, southern Nevada, southern California in the Colorado Valley,
and southward into northwestern Mexico.

GENUS CYRTONYX GOULD.

Cyrtonyx GOULD, Mon. Odont. " pt. i, 1844, pi. vii." Type,
Ortyx massena LESS. = O. montezunuz VIG.

TIO CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

296. Cyrtonyx montezumae (Vic.).

Massena Partridge.

Ortyx montezumce, VIGORS, Zool. Journ. V. 1830, 275.
Cyrtonyx montezumce. STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 46.

[B 477, C 394, R 485, C 578.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tablelands of Mexico, from the city of Mexico
north to western Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

SUBFAMILY TETRAONINJE. GROUSE.

GENUS DENDRAGAPUS ELLIOT.
SUBGENUS DENDRAGAPUS.

Dendragapus ELLIOT, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 23. Type,
Tetrao obscurus SAY.

297. Dendragapus obscurus (SAY).

Dusky Grouse.

Tetrao obscurus SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 14.

Dendragapus obscurus ELLIOT, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 23.

[B 459, c 38l> R 47J> C 557.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, from central Montana and
southeastern Idaho to New Mexico and Arizona, eastward to the
Black Hills, South Dakota, and westward to East Humboldt Moun-
tains, Nevada.

297 a. Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus RIDGW.

Sooty Grouse.

Canace obscura var. fuliginosa RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec.

J873> 199-

Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
VIII. 1885, 355.

[B— , C38i£, R47itf, 0559.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast mountains, from California to
Sitka, east to Nevada, western Idaho, and portions of British
Columbia.

•

ORDER GALLIN7B?«s— <^~ I 1 1

297 b. Dendragapus obscurus richardsonii (DOUGL.).

Richardson's Grouse.

7etrao richardsonii " SAB. MS." DOUGL. Linn. Trans. XVI. iii.

1829, 141.
Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

VIII. 1885, 355.

[B— , C38irt, R47^> C 558.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, especially on the eastern slopes,
from central Montana, northern Wyoming, and southeastern Idaho
into British America to Liard River.

SUBGEXUS CANACHITES STEJXEGER.

Canachites STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 410. Type.
Tetrao canadensis LINN.

298. Dendragapus canadensis (LINN.).

Canada Grouse.

Tetrao canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 159.
Dendragapus canadensis TURNER, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 245.

[B 460, C 380, R4?2, C555.]

GEOG. DIST. — British America, east of the Rocky Mountains,
and west in Alaska to the Pacific coast at Kadiak and St. Michaels,
southeastward to northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, northern
New York, and northern New England.

299. Dendragapus franklinii (DOUGL.).

Franklin's Grouse.

Tetrao franklinii DOUGL. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. iii. 1829, 139.
Dendragapus franklinii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
355-

[B 461, C 380^, R 472^, C 556.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Rocky Mountains, from northwestern
Montana to the coast ranges of Oregon and Washington, and north-
ward in British America, reaching the Pacific coast of southern
Alaska (lat. 60° N.).

112 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS BONASA STEPHENS.

Bonasa STEPH. Gen. Zool. XL 1819, 298. Type, Tetrao umbellus
LINN.

300. Bonasa umbellus (LINN.).

Ruffed Grouse.

Tetrao umbellus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 275.
Bonasa umbellus STEPH. Gen. Zool. XL 1819, 300.

[B 465, C 385, R 473, C 565.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west
to Minnesota, south in the mountains to northern Georgia, Mississippi,
and Arkansas.

300 a. Bonasa umbellus togata (LINN.).

Canadian Ruffed Grouse.

Tetrao togatus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1766, 275.
Bonasa umbellus togata RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
355-

[B— , C— R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — The spruce forests of northern New England,
northern New York, and the British Provinces, west to Oregon,
Washington, and British Columbia, north to James Bay.

300 /;. Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (DOUGL.).

Gray Ruffed Grouse.

Tetrao umbelloides DOUGL. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. iii. 1829, 148.
Bonasa umbellus var. umbelloides BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 925.

[B 465*, C 3850, R473«, C566.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States and
British America, north to Alaska, east to Manitoba.

300 c. Bonasa umbellus sabini (DOUGL.).

Oregon Ruffed Grouse.

Tetrao sabini DOUGL. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVI. iii. 1829, 137.
Bonasa umbellus var. sabinei COUES, Key, 1872, 235.

ORDER GALLING.

[B 466, C 385^, R 473^, C 567.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast ranges of northern California, Oregon, Wash-
ington, and British Columbia.

GENUS LAGOPUS BRISSON.
Lagopus BRISS. Ornith. I. 1760, 181. Type, Tetrao lagopus LINN.

301. Lagopus lagopus (LINN.).

Willow Ptarmigan.

Tetrao lagopus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 159.

Lagopus lagopus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 20.

[B 467, 470, C 386, R 474, C 568.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions ; in America south to Sitka and the
British Provinces. Breeding range restricted to the arctic and sub-
arctic regions, mainly north of 55° N. lat. Accidental in New
England (Bangor, Me., and Essex Co., Mass.).

301 a. Lagopus lagopus alleni STEJN.

Allen's Ptarmigan.

Lagopus alba alleni STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 369.

Lagopus lagopus alleni STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 20.

[B— , C- R- C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Newfoundland.

302. Lagopus rupestris (GMEL.).

Rock Ptarmigan.

Jetrao rupestris GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 751.
Lagopus rupestris LEACH, Zool. Misc. II. 1817, 290.

[B 468, C 387, R 475, C 569.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America (except the northern extremity),
from Alaska to Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; portions of
Greenland ; Aleutian Islands.

114 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

3020. Lagopus rupestris reinhardi (BREHM).

Reinhardt's Ptarmigan.

Tetrao reinhardi BREHM, Lehrb. Eur. Vog. 1823, 440.
Lagopus rupestris reinhardti BLASIUS, List Eur. B. 1862, 16.

[B— , C-, R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Greenland, western shores of Cumberland Gulf,
and northern extremity of Labrador.

302 £. Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJN.

Nelson's Ptarmigan.

Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJN. Auk, I. July, 1884, 226.

[B-, C— , R-, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Unalaska, and some adjacent Aleutian Islands.

302 c. Lagopus rupestris atkhensis (TURNER).

Turner's Ptarmigan.

Lagopus mutus atkhensis TURNER, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. July

29, 1882, 227, 230.

Lagopus rupestris atkhensis NELSON, Cruise Corwin, 1883, 56 e-f-
82.

[B-, C-, R-, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Atka, one of the Aleutian Islands.

303. Lagopus welchi BREWST.

Welch's Ptarmigan.

Lagopus welchi BREWST. Auk, II. April, 1885, 194.

[r> , C , K. , \^ . J
GEOG. DIST. — Newfoundland.

304. Lagopus leucurus SWAINS. & RICH.

White-tailed Ptarmigan.

Lagopus leucurus SWAINS. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Amer. II. 1831,

pl. 63-

[B 469, C 388, R 476, C 570.]

GEOG. DIST. — Alpine summits of the mountains of western North
America, from New Mexico to Liard River, British America, west on
the highest ranges of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.

ORDER GALLING. 1 15

GENUS TYMPANUCHTJS GLOGER.

Tympanuihus GLOGER, Gemeinnutzig. Hand, und Hilfsbuch
Naturg. 1842, 396. Type, Tetrao cupido LINN.

305. Tympanuchus americanus (REICH.).

Prairie Hen.

Cupidonia americanus REICH. Syst Av. 1852, p. xxix ; based on

Vollst. Naturg. Hu'hnen. pi. 217, figs. 1896-1898.
Tympanuchus americanus RIDGW. Auk, Jan. III. 1886, 133.

[B 464, C 384, R 477, C 563.]

GEOG. DIST. — Prairies of the Mississippi Valley ; south to Louisi-
ana and Texas, east to Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and
Ontario ; west through eastern portions of North Dakota, South
Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and the Indian Territory ; north to Man-
itoba ; general tendency to extension of range westward and con-
traction eastward ; migration north and south in Minnesota, Iowa,
and Missouri.

305 a. Tympanuchus americanus attwateri (BENDIRE).

Attwater?s Prairie Hen.

Tympanuchus attwateri BENDIRE, Forest and Stream, XL. No. 20,

May 18, 1893, 425.
Tympanuchus americanus attwateri A. O. U. Check-List, 6th Suppl.

Auk, XI. April, 1894, 130.

[B 464, part, C &±,part, R W,part, C 563, Azr/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of Louisiana and Texas.

306. Tympanuchus cupido (LINN.).

Heath Hen.

Tetrao cupido LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 160.

Tympanuchus cupido RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

355-

[B 464, /^r/, C 38 4, part, R wj,part, C 563 part^
GEOG. DIST. — Island of Martha's Vineyard, Mass. (Formerly
southern New England and parts of the Middle States.)

Il6 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

307. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus RIDGW.

Lesser Prairie Hen.

Cupidonia cupido var. pallidicincta RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V.

Dec. 1873, 199.
Tympanuchus pallidicinctus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 355.

[B— , €3840, R477«» C564.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern edge of the Great Plains from western and
probably southern Texas northward through Indian Territory to
Kansas.

GENUS PEDIOC-ffiTES BAIRD.

Pedioctztes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 625. Type, Tetrao phasia-
nellus LINN.

308. Fediocaetes phasianellus (LINN.).

Sharp-tailed Grouse.

Tetrao phasianellu s LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 160.
Pediocates phasianellus ELLIOT, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862.
403 (nee BAIRD, 1858, qui subsp. columbianus).

[B— C383, R478, C56i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of British America, from Lake Superior
and Hudson Bay to Fort Simpson.

308 a. Pediocaetes phasianellus columbianus (()RD).

Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse.

Phasianus columbianus ORD, GUTHRIE'S Geog. 2d Am. ed. II.

1815, 31?-
PedicRcetes phasianellus var. columbianus COUES, Key, 1872, 234.

[B 463, C 383^, R 4780, C 562.]

GEOG. DIST. — Plains of the northwestern United States and British
Columbia to central portions of Alaska ; northward chiefly west of
the main Rocky Mountains ; eastward in Montana and Wyoming ;
southward to Utah, northern Nevada, and northeastern California.

ORDER GALLING. 1 17

308 b. Fediocaetes phasianellus campestris RIDGW.

Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse.

PedicBcetes phasianellus campestris RIDGW. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
II. April 10, 1884, 93.

[B- C- R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Plains and prairies of the United States east of the
Rocky Mountains ; north to Manitoba ; east to Wisconsin and Illi-
nois ; south to New Mexico.

GENUS CENTROCERCUS SWAINSON.

Centrocercus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
358, 496. Type, Tetrao urophasianus BONAP.

309. Centrocercus urophasianus (BONAP.).

Sage Grouse.

Tetrao urophasianus BONAP. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 213.
Centrocercus urophasianus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor.
Am. II. 1831, 497, pi. 58.

[6462, C 382, R 479, C 560.]

GEOG. DIST. — Sage regions of the Rocky Mountain plateau and
westward, chiefly within the United States, but north to Assiniboia
and the dry interior of British Columbia ; east to North Dakota,
South Dakota, Nebraska, and Colorado ; south to northern New
Mexico, Utah, and Nevada ; west in California, Oregon and Wash-
ington to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range.

FAMILY PHASIANID^B PHEASANTS, ETC.
SUBFAMILY MELEAG-RIN^E. TURKEYS.

GENUS MELEAGRIS LINN^US.

Meleagris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 156. Type, M. gallo-
pavo LINN.

Il8 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

310. Meleagris gallopavo LINN.

Wild Turkey.

Meleagris gallopavo LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 156.
[B 457, C 3790, R 4700, C 554-]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, from Chesapeake Bay to the Gulf
coast, and west to the Plains, along wooded river valleys ; formerly
north to southern Maine, southern Ontario, and up the Missouri
River to North Dakota.

310 #. Meleagris gallopavo mexicana (GOULD).

Mexican Turkey.

Meleagris mexicana GOULD, P. Z. S. 1856, 61.
Meleagris gallopavo var. mexicana BAIRD, Hist. N. Am. B. III.
1874, 410.

[B 458, C 379, R 470, C 553.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from western Texas to
Arizona ; south over the tablelands of Mexico.

310 b. Meleagris gallopavo osceola SCOTT.

Florida Wild Turkey.

Meleagris gallopavo osceola SCOTT, Auk, VII. Oct. 1890, 376.

[B 457, /art1, C 379^, part, R 47 00, /«/•/, C 554, part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Florida.

310 c. Meleagris gallopavo ellioti SENNETT.

Rio Grande Turkey.

Meleagris gallopavo ellioti SENNETT, Auk, IX. April, 1892, 167,
pi. iii.
[B 458, part, C 379, part, R tfto,part, C 553,/0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lowlands of southern Texas and northeastern
Mexico.

ORDER COLUMBA. 119

SUBORDER PENELOPES. CURASSOWS AND GUANS.

FAMILY CRACID-S3. CURASSOWS AND GUANS.
SUBFAMILY PBNELOPINJB. GUANS.

GENUS ORTALIS MERREM.

Ortalis MERR. Av. Rar. Icones et Desc. II. 1786, 40. Type,
Phasianus motmot LINN.

311. Ortalis vetula maccalli BAIRD.

Chachalaca.

Ortalida maccalli BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 611.

Ortalida vetula var. maccalli BAIRD, Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874,

398.

[B 456, C 378, R 469, C 552.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, and southward in
Mexico to Vera Cruz.

ORDER COLUMB^E. PIGEONS.

FAMILY COLUMBIDJE. PIGEONS.

GENUS COLUMBA LINNAEUS.

Columba LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 162. Type, by elimination,
C. cenas LINN.

312. Columba fasciata SAY.

Band-tailed Pigeon.

Columba fasciata SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 10.

120 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 445, c 367, R 456> C 539-]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains
to the*Pacific ; north to Washington and British Columbia ; south to
Mexico and the highlands of Guatemala; distribution irregular,
chiefly in wooded mountain regions.

312 a. Columba fasciata vioscse BREWST.

Viosca's Pigeon.

Columba fasciata viosca BREWST. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 86.

[B-, C— , R-, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

313. Columba flavirostris WAGL.

Red-billed Pigeon.

Columba flavirostris WAGL. I sis, 1831, 519.

[B 446, C368, R457, C 540.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Ari-
zona and the Rio Grande Valley south to Costa Rica, breeding
throughout its United States range.

314. Columba leucocephala LINN.

White-crowned Pigeon.

Columba leucocephala LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 164.

[B 447, C 369, R 458, C 541.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Keys of Florida, the Bahamas, the
Greater Antilles and some of the Lesser Antilles, and the coast of
Honduras.

GENUS ECTOPISTES SWAINSON.

Ectopistes SWAINS. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 362. Type, Columba
migratoria LINN.

315. Ectopistes migratorius (LINN.).

Passenger Pigeon.

Columba migratoria LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 285 (<?).
Ectopistes migratoria SWAINS. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 362.

ORDER COLUMB^E. 121

[B 448, C 370, R 459, C 543-]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, from Hudson Bay south-
ward, and west to the Great Plains, straggling thence to Nevada and
Washington. Breeding range now mainly restricted to portions of
the Canadas and the northern border of the United States, as far
west as Manitoba and the Dakotas.

GENUS ZENAIDURA BONAPARTE.

Zenaidura BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854,84. Type, Columba
carolinensis LINN. = C. macroura LINN.

316. Zenaidura macroura (LINN.).

Mourning Dove.

Columba macroura LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 164 (part).
Zenaidura macroura RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 451,0371, R46o, €544-]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America ; from southern Maine,
southern Canada, and British Columbia, south to Panama and the
West Indies, breeding throughout its North American range.

GENUS ZENAIDA BONAPARTE.

Zenaida BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type, Columba
zenaida BONAP.

317. Zenaida zenaida (BONAP.).

Zenaida Dove.

Columba zenaida BONAP. Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. 1825, 30.
Zenaida zenaida RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 449, C 372, R 462, C 545.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico,
Santa Cruz, Sombrero, and coast of Yucatan.

GENUS LEPTOTILA SWAINSON.

Leptotila SWAINS. Class. Bds. II. 1837, 349- TyPe> P\?risterd\.
ruf axilla Selby, Nat. Libr. V. pi. 24.

122 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

818. Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera (SALVADORI).

White-fronted Dove.

Leptoptila brachyptera SALVADORI, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. XXI.

1893, P- 545-

Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera A. O. U. Check- List, yth
Suppl. Auk, XII, April, 1895, 167.

[B— , C— , R463, C542.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward to Nicaragua.

GENUS MELOPELIA BONAPARTE.

Melopelia BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 81. Type, Columba
leucoptera LINN.

319. Melopelia leucoptera (LINN.).

White-winged Dove.

Columba leucoptera LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 164.
Melopelia leucoptera BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 81.

[B 450, C 373, R 464, C 546.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Florida,
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Lower California, southward to
Costa Rica and the West Indies ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; straggles north-
ward to Colorado. Breeding range, in the United States, southern
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

GENUS COLUMBIGALLINA BOIE.

Columbigallina BOIE, Isis, 1826, 977. Type, Columba passerina
LINN.

320. Columbigallina passerina terrestris CHAPM.

Ground Dove.

Columba passerina LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165.
Columbigallina passerina terrestris CHAPMAN, Bull Am. Mus.
Nat. Hist, IV, 1892, 292.

[B 453, C 374, R 465, C 547.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States ; West Indies and
northern South America. Breeding, in the United States, from
South Carolina to Louisiana, chiefly coastwise.

ORDER COLUMB^E. 123

320 #. Columbigallina passerina pallescens (BAIRD).

Mexican Ground Dove.

Chamcepelia passerina ? var. pallescens BAIRD, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phila. 1859, 305.
Columbigallina passerina pallescens FERRARI-PEREZ, Pr. U. S.

Nat. Mus. IX, 1886, 175.
[B 453, /0r/, c 374, part, R 465, part, C 547, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico, and contiguous territory of United States
from Texas to Lower California ; south on both Mexican coasts to
Central America.

GENUS SCARDAFELLA BONAPARTE.

Scardafella BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854,85. Type, Columba
squamosa TEMM.

3-21. ScardafeUa inca (LESS.).

Inca Dove.

Chamcepelia inca LESSON, Descr. Mam. et Ois. 1847, 2I1-
ScardafeUa inca BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 85.

[B 452, C 375, R 466, C 549-]

GEOG. DIST. — Rio Grande Valley, southern Arizona, and Lower
California, south to Nicaragua.

GENUS GEOTRYGON GOSSE.

Geotrygon GOSSE, B. Jam. 1847, 316, foot-note. Type, G. sylvatica
GOSSE = Columba cristata TEMM.

[322.] Geotrygon martinica (LINN.).

Key West Quail-Dove.

Columba martinica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 283.
Geotrygon martinica BONAP. Consp. Av. II. Dec. 1854, 74.

[B 454, C 376, R 467, C 550.]

GEOG. DIST. — Key West, and some of the other Florida Keys ;
Bahamas; Cuba; Hayti.

124 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[322.1.] Geotrygon montana (LINN.).

Ruddy Quail-Dove.

Columba montana LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 163.
Geotrygon montana BONAP. Consp. II, Dec. 1854, 72.

[B-, C- R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical America in general, including West
Indies ; north to Cuba and eastern Mexico ; accidental at Key West,
Florida.

GENUS STARNCENA8 BONAPARTE.

Starnanas BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type,
Columba cyanocephala LINN.

[323.] Starncenas cyanocephala (LINN.).

Blue-headed Quail-dove.

Columba cya?iocephala LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 163.
Starncenas cyanocephala BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41.

[B 455. C 377, R 468, C 551.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida Keys and Cuba.

ORDER RAPTORES. BIRDS OF PREY.

SUBORDER SARCORHAMPHI. AMERICAN
VULTURES.

FAMILY CATHARTID-SJ. AMERICAN VULTURES.

GENUS PSEUDOGRYPHUS RIDGWAY.

Pseudogryphus RIDGW. Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan. 1874, 337, 338.
Type, Vultur californianus SHAW.

ORDER RAPTORES.

3-24. Pseudogryphus californianus (SHAW).

California Vulture.

Vultur californianus SHAW, Nat. Misc. IX. 1797, pi. ccci.
Pseudogryphus californianus RIDGW. Hist. N. Am. B. III. 1874,
338. '

[B 2, C 364, R 453, C 536.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast ranges of southern California from Monterey
Bay southward into Lower California ; formerly north to Frazer River.

GENUS CATHARTES ILLIGER.

Cathartes ILLIG. Prodr. 1811, 236. Type, by elimination, Vullur
aura LINN.

325. Cathartes aura (LINN.).

Turkey Vulture.

Vultur aura LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 86.
Cathartes aura SPIX, Aves Bras. I. 1825, 2.

[B i, C 365, R 454, C 537.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, from New Jersey, Ohio
Valley, Saskatchewan region, and British Columbia southward to
Patagonia and the Falkland Islands. Casual in New England.

GENUS CATH ARISTA VIEILLOT.

Catharista VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 21. Type, by elimination,

Vultur at rat us BARTR.

326. Catharista atrata (BARTR.).

Black Vulture.

Vultur atratus BARTR. Trav. Car. 1792, 285.
Catharista atrata GRAY, Handl. I. 1869, 3.

[B 3, C 366, R 455, C 538.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, north regularly to
North Carolina and the lower Ohio Valley, west to the Great Plains,
and south through Mexico and Central America, the West Indies, and
most of South America. Straggling north to New York, New Eng-
land, and South Dakota. Breeds in the United States from North
Carolina coastwise to Texas, and in the interior to Indiana, Illinois,
and Kansas.

126 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBORDER FALCONES. VULTURES, FALCONS,

HAWKS, BUZZARDS, EAGLES, KITES,

HARRIERS, ETC.

FAMILY FALCONID.2E. VULTURES, FALCONS, HAWKS, EAGLES,

ETC.

SUBFAMILY ACCIPITRIN2E. KITES, BUZZARDS, HAWKS, GOSHAWKS,

EAGLES, ETC.

GENUS ELANOIDES VIEILLOT.

Elanoides VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXIV. 1818, 101.
Type, Falco furcatus = F.forficatus LINN.

327. Elanoides forficatus (LINN.).

Swallow-tailed Kite.

Falco forficatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 89.

Elanoides forficatus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1875, 345.

[B 34, C 337, R 426, C 493.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, especially in the interior, from the
Carolinas and Minnesota southward, throughout Central and South
America ; westward to the Great Plains. Casual eastward to south-
ern New England, and northward to Manitoba and Assiniboia.
Breeding range irregularly coincident with general distribution in
the United States. Accidental in England.

GENUS ELANUS SAVIGNY.

Elanus SAVIG. Descr. de 1'Egypte, 1809, 97. Type, E. casius
= Falco melanopterus DAUD.

328. Elanus leucurus (VIEILL.).

White-tailed Kite.

Milvus leucurus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XX. 1818, 563

(errore556).
Elanus leucurus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4.

ORDER RAPTORES. 127

P35» C336, R427, C 492-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern United States, from South Carolina and
southern Illinois to Texas and California, southward to Chili
and Argentine Republic ; casual in Michigan. Breeds irregularly
throughout its general distribution in the United States.

GENUS ICTINIA VIEILLOT.

Ictinia VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, Falco mississippiensis
WILS.

329. Ictinia mississippiensis (WILS.).

Mississippi Kite.

Falco mississippiensis WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 80, pi. 25, fig. i.
Ictinia mississippiensis GRAY, Gen. B. I. 1845, 26.

[B36, C335, R428, C49i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern United States, east of the Rocky Moun-
tains ; southward regularly from South Carolina on the coast, and
casually from Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Iowa in the interior, to
Guatemala.

GENUS RO8TRHAMUS LESSON.
Rostrhamus LESS. Traite, 1831, 55. Type, Falco hamatus ILLIG.

330. Rostrhamus sociabilis (VIEILL.).

Everglade Kite.

Herpetotheres sociabilis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XVIII.

1817, 318.
Rostrhamus sociabilis D'ORB. Voy. Ois. II. 1847, 73-

[B 37> C 334, R 429, C 490.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America,
and eastern South America, to the Argentine Republic.

GENUS CIRCUS LACEPEDE.

Circus LACEP. Mem. de 1'Inst. III. 1801, 506. Type, Falco
cyaneus LINN.

128 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

331. Circus hudsonius (LINN.).

Marsh Hawk.

Falco hudsonius LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 128.
Circus hudsonius VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, pi. 9.

[B 38, C 333, R 430, C 489-]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general ; south to Panama and
Cuba. Breeds throughout its North American range.

GENUS ACCIPITER BRISSON.

SUBGENUS ACCIPITER.

Accipiter BRISS. Orn. I. 1760, 310. Type, by elimination, Falco
nisus LINN.

332. Accipiter velox (WiLs.).

Sharp-shinned Hawk.

Falco velox WILS. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 116, pi. 45, fig. i.
Accipiter velox VIGORS, Zool. Journ. I. 1824, 338.

[B 17, C338, R 432, C494.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general ; south to Panama.
Breeds throughout its North American range.

333. Accipiter cooperii (BONAP.).

Cooper's Hawk.

Falco cooperii BONAP. Am. Orn. II. 1828, i, pi. x. fig. i.
Accipiter cooperi GRAY, List B. Brit. Mus. Accipitres, 1844, 38.

[BiS, 1 6, C339, R43i, C495-]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from southern British America
south to southern Mexico. Breeds throughout its range/

SUBGENUS ASTUR LACEPEDE.

Astur LACEP. Mem. de 1'Inst. III. 1801, 505. Type, Falco
palumbarius LINN.

ORDER RAPTORES. 129

334. Accipiter atricapillus (WILS.).

American Goshawk.

Falco atricapillus WILS. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 80, pi. 52, fig. 3.
Accipiter atricapillus SEEBOHM, Brit. Birds, I. 1883, iv.

[B 14, C 340, R 433, C 496.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and eastern North America, south in
winter to the Middle States and southern Rocky Mountain region ;
casually west to Oregon. Accidental in England. Breeding range
restricted to the Canadian Fauna of the United States and northward.

334 a. Accipiter atricapillus striatulus RIDGW.

Western Goshawk.

Astur atricapillus var. striatulus RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am. B. III.

1874, 240.
Accipiter atricapillus striatulus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 355.

[B— C— , R433*, C497-]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America ; north to Sitka, Alaska ;
south to California ; east to Idaho. Breeds in the Sierra Nevada
south to Lat. 38°.

GENUS PARABUTEO RIDGWAY.

Parabuteo RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan. 1874, 250. Type,
Falco harrisi AUD.

335. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (AUD.).

Harris's Hawk.

Falco harrisi AUD. B. Am. V. 1839, 3°> P^ 39 2-
Parabuteo unicinctus var. harrisi RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am. B. III.
Jan. 1874, 250.

[B46, C 348, R 434, C5i2.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, southern New Mex-
ico, southern Arizona, and Lower California ; southward to Panama.
Breeds from southern Texas westward to California, and southward.

130 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS BUTEO CUVIER.

Buteo Cuv. Leg. Anat. Comp. I. tabl. ii. Ois. 1779-1800. Type,
Falco buteo LINN.

[336.] Buteo buteo (LINN.).

European Buzzard.

Falco buteo LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 90.
Buteo buteo LIGHT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 3.

[B-, C- R435, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and Western Asia. Accidental in North
America (Michigan ?).

337. Buteo borealis (GMEL.).

Red-tailed Hawk.

Falco borealis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 266.

Buteo borealis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet d'Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 478.

[B23, C35i, R436, C5i6.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Great Plains,
north to about Lat. 60°, south to eastern Mexico. Breeds throughout
its range, except possibly the extreme southern portion.

337 a. Buteo borealis kriderii HOOPES.

Krider's Hawk.

Buteo borealis var. kriderii HOOPES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
i&73» 238> pl- 5-

[B— , C35i^R436a, C5i9.]

GEOG. DIST. — Plains of the United States, from Wyoming and the
Dakotas to Minnesota, and south to Texas ; casual in Iowa and
Illinois.

337 £. Buteo borealis calurus (CASS.).

Western Red-tail.

Buteo calurus CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1855, 281.
Buteo borealis var. calurus RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov.
1873, 186.

ORDER RAPTORES. 13!

[B 20, 24, C 3510, R 436^, C 517.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Rocky Moun-
tains to the Pacific, south into Mexico ; casual east to Illinois.

337 <r. Buteo borealis lucasanus RIDGW.

Saint Lucas Red-tail.

Buteo borealis var. lucasanus RIDGW. in COUES'S Key, 1872, 216
(under B. borealis).

[B-, C35i£, R436', C5i8.]
GEOG. DIST. — Peninsula of Lower California.

•337 //. Buteo borealis harlani (Auo.).

Harlan's Hawk.

Falco harlani AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1830, 441, pi. 86.

Buteo borealis harlani RIDGW. Auk, VII. April, 1890, p. 205.

[B22, C35o, R438, €515.]

GEOG. DIST. — Gulf States and lower Mississippi Valley, north
casually to Pennsylvania, Iowa, and Kansas; south to Central
America.

339. Buteo lineatus (GMEL.).

Red-shouldered Hawk.

Falco lineatus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 268.

Buteo lineatus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 478.

[625, C352, R439, £520.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to Manitoba and Nova
Scotia ; west to Texas and the Plains ; south to the Gulf States and
Mexico. Breeds throughout its range.

339 a. Buteo lineatus alleni RIDGW.

Florida Red-shouldered Hawk.

Buteo lineatus alleni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Jan. 19,
1885, 514-

[B— , C-,R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, chiefly coastwise
irom South Carolina to Texas. Breeds throughout its range.

132 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

339 b. Buteo lineatus elegans (CASS.).

Red-bellied Hawk.

Buteo elegans CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855, 281.
Buteo lineatus var. elegans RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am. B. III. Jan.
1874, 257, 277.

[B 26, C 3520, R 4390, C 521.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from western Texas to Cal-
ifornia and Oregon, south into Lower California, Sonora, and Chihua-
hua. Breeds along the Pacific coast of central Oregon, south to
northern Lower California.

340. Buteo abbreviatus CAB.

Zone-tailed Hawk.

Buteo abbreviatus CAB. in SCHOMB. Reise Brit. Guian. III. 1848,
739-

[B— C353, R44o, C522.]

GEOG. DIST. — Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cali-
fornia, south to northern South America.

SUBGENUS TACHYTRIORCHIS KAUP.

Tachytriorchis KAUP, Class. Saug. u. Vog. 1844, 123. Type,
Falco pterodes TEMM. = Buteo albicaudatus VIEILL.

341. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti ALLEN.

Sennett's White-tailed Hawk.

Buteo albicaudatus sennetti ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. V.
1893, 144-

[B— C— , R44i, C5i3.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and southward
into Mexico.

342. Buteo swainsoni BONAP.

Swainson's Hawk.

Buteo swainsoni BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 3.

ORDER RAPTORES. 133

[B 18, 19, 21, 28, C 354, R 442, C 523.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from Wisconsin, Illinois,
Arkansas, and Texas to the Pacific coast ; north to the arctic regions,
and south to Argentine Republic. Casual east to Maine and Massa-
chusetts. Breeds nearly throughout its North American range.

343. Buteo latissimus (WILS.).

Broad- winged Hawk.

Falco latissimus WILS. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 92, pi. 54, fig. i.
Buteo latissimus SHARPE, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. I. Accip. 1874, 193.

[B 27, C 355, R 443, C 524.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, from New Brunswick and
the Saskatchewan region to Texas and Mexico, and thence south-
ward to northern South America and the West Indies. Breeds
throughout its United States range.

SUBGENUS BUTEOLA BONAPARTE.

Buteola BONAP. Compt. Rend. XLI. 1855, 651. Type, Buteo
brachyurus VIEILL.

344. Buteo brachyurus VIEILL.

Short-tailed Hawk.

Buteo brachyurus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. IV. 1816, 477.
[B— , C— R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico, Central America, and most of South Amer-
ica, north to Florida, where it regularly breeds.

GENUS URUBITINGA LESSON.

Urubitinga LESS. Rev. Zool. 1839, I32> Type, Falco urubitinga
GMEL.

345. Urubitinga anthracina (LIGHT.).

Mexican Black Hawk.

Falco anthracinus LIGHT. Preis-Verz. 1830, 3.
Urubitinga anthracina LAFR. Rev. Zool. 1848, 241.

134 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B — C— , R444, C528.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley and Arizona, southward
to northern South America.

GENUS ASTURINA VIEILLOT.

Asturina VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, Falco nitidus GMEL.
346. Asturina plagiata SCHLEGEL.

Mexican Goshawk.

Asturina plagiata " LIGHT." SCHLEGEL, Mus. P. B. Asturinae,
1862, i.

[B 33, C 358, R 445, C 527.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern border of the United States, south-
ward to Panama.

GENUS ARCHIBUTEO BREHM.

Archibuteo BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1269. Type, Falco lagopus GMEL.
[347.] Archibuteo lagopus (BRUNN.).

Rough-legged Hawk.

Falco lagopus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 4.

Archibuteo lagopus GRAY, List Gen. B. ed. 2, 1841, 3.

[B— C— R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World; Alaska (?).

347#. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (GMEL.).

American Rough-legged Hawk.

Falco sancti-johannis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 273.

Archibuteo lagopus var. sancti-johannis COUES, Key, 1872, 218.

[B 30, 31, C 356, R 447, C 525.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America north of Mexico, breeding north of
the United States (excepting in Alaska).

ORDER RAPTORES. 135

348. Archibuteo ferruginous (LIGHT.).

Ferruginous Rough-Leg.

Falco ferrugineus LIGHT. Abh. K. Akad. Berl. 1838, 428.
Archibuteo ferrugineus GRAY, Gen. B. fol. ed. 1849, 12.

[832, C357, R448, C526.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Plains (eastern
North Dakota to Texas) westward to the Pacific, and from the Sas-
katchewan region south into Mexico; casually east to Illinois.
Breeds from Utah, Colorado, and Kansas northward to the Saskatch-
ewan Plains.

GENUS AQUILA BRISSON.
Aquila BRISS. Orn. I. 1760, 419. Type, Falco chrysaetos LINN.

349. Aquila chrysaetos (LINN.).

Golden Eagle.

Falco chrysaetos LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 88.
Aquila chrysaetos DUMONT, Diet. Sci. Nat. I. 1816, 339.

[B39, C36i, R449, C532.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, south to Mexico, and northern
parts of the Old World. Breeding range in the United States, prac-
tically restricted to the mountainous parts of unsettled regions.

GENUS THRASAETOS GRAY.

Thrasaetos GRAY, P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 108. Type,
Vultur harpyia LINN.

[350.] Thrasaetos harpyia (LINN.).

Harpy Eagle.

Vultur harpyia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 86.
Thrasaetos harpyia GRAY, P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 108.

[B— C— , R 450, C 631.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley, casual ; south to Para-
guay. Louisiana (?).

136 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS HALI-ffiETUS SAVIGNY.

Haliceetus SAVIGNY, Descr. de 1'Egypte, 1809, 35. Type, Falco
albidlla LINN.

[351.] Haliseetus albiciUa (LINN.).

Gray Sea Eagle.

Falco albiciUa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 89.

Haliaetus albiciUa LEACH, Syst. Cat. M. B. Br. Mus. 1816, 9.

[B42, C— R452, £533.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Europe and Asia ; Greenland.

352. Haliaeetus leucocephalus (LINN.).

Bald Eagle.

Falco leucocephalus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 124.
Haliczetus leucocephalus Bo IE, I sis, 1822, 548.

[B 41, 43, C 362, R 451, C 534.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, south to Mexico, north-
west through the Aleutian Islands to Kamchatka. Breeds locally
throughout its range.

SUBFAMILY FALCONIN-S1. FALCONS.
GENUS FALCO LINNAEUS.

Falco LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 88. Type, by elimination,
F. subbuteo LINN.

SUBGENUS HIEROFALCO CUVIER.

Hierofalco Cuv. R&g. An. I. 1817, 312. Type, Falco candicans
-/^. islandus BRTJNN.

353. Falco islandus BRUNN.

White Gyrfalcon.

Falco islandus BRUNN. Orn. Bor. 1764, 2.

ORDER RAPTORES. 137

[B n, C 3410, R4i2, C 501.]

GZOG. DIST. — Arctic regions, including Arctic America and
Greenland, wandering south in winter to Labrador and northern
Maine.

354. Falco rusticolus LINN.

Gray Gyrfalcon.

Falco rusticolus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 88.
[B 12, C — , R 4120, C 500.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic regions, including Iceland, southern Green-
land, and Arctic America, straggling southward in winter.

354 «. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco (LINN.).

Gyrfalcon.

Falco gyrfalco LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 91.
Falco rusticolus gyrfalco STEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 187.

[B— , C34i, R 412*, 0498-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Europe, Greenland, and Arctic America,
from northern Labrador and Hudson Bay to Alaska ; rarely south in
winter to New England (Massachusetts and Rhode Island).

354 £. Falco rusticolus obsoletus (GMEL.).

Black Gyrfalcon.

Falco obsoletus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 268.

Falco rusticolus obsoletus STEJN. Auk, II. 1885, 187.

[B— , C— , R4i2r, C499-]

GEOG. DIST. — Labrador, south in winter to Canada, Maine, and
New York.

355. Falco mexicanus SCHLEG.

Prairie Falcon.

Falco mexicanus SCHLEG. Abh. Geb. Zool. 1841, 15.

[B 10, C 342, R 413, C 502.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, from the eastern border of the
Plains to the Pacific, and from the Dakotas south into Mexico ;
casual eastward to Illinois. Breeds throughout its United States
range.

138 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBGENUS RHYNCHODON NITZSCH.

Rhynchodon NITZSCH, Pterylog. 1840, 78. Type, by elimina-
tion, Falco peregrinus LATH.

356. Falco peregrinus anatum (BONAP.).

Duck Hawk.

Falco anatum BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4.
Falco peregrinus /?. anatum BLASIUS, List B. Eur. 1862, 3.

[B 5, 6, C 343, R 4i4, C 503.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, and south to Chili. Breeds
locally throughout most of its United States range.

356 a. Falco peregrinus pealei RIDGW.

Peale's Falcon.

Falco communis var. pealei RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec.

1873, 201.
Falco peregrinus pealei RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24,

1880, 192.

[B— , C 343^, R 4140, C 504.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of North America, from Oregon
to the Aleutian and Commander Islands, breeding throughout its
range.

SUBGENUS JESALON KAUP.

jfcsalon KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 40.
Type, Falco cesalon GMEL. = F. regulus PALL.

357. Falco columbarius LINN.

Pigeon Hawk.

Falco columbarius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 90.
[B 7, C 344, R 417, C 505.]

GEOG. DIST. — The whole of North America, south to the West
Indies and northern South America. Breeds chiefly north of the
United States.

ORDER RAPTORES. 139

357 a. Falco columbarius suckleyi RIDGW.

Black Merlin.

Falco columbarius var. suckleyi RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Dec.
1873, 201.

[B— , C 3440, R 4170, C 506.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast region of North America, from
California to Sitka ; eastward in Oregon and Washington.

358. Falco richardsonii RIDGW.

Richardson's Merlin.

Falco (Hypotriorchis) richardsonii RIDGW. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Dec. 1870, 145.

[B— €345, R4i8, C 507.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior and western plains of North America, from
the Mississippi River to the Pacific coast, and from the Saskatch-
ewan region to Texas, Arizona, and probably into Mexico.

[358.1.] Falco regulus PALL.

Merlin.

Falco regulus PALL. Reis. Russ. Reichs. II. 1773, Anhang, 707.

[B-, C- R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Europe, Asia, and Africa ; accidental in Greenland.

SUBGENUS RHYNCHOFALCO RIDGWAY.

Rhynchofalco RIDGW. Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1873, 46. Type,
Falco femoralis TEMM. = F. fusco-ccerulescens VIEILL.

359. Falco fusco-ccerulescens VIEILL.

Aplomado Falcon.

Falco fusco-ccerulescens VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XI.
1817, 90.

[B9, €347, R 419. C 5".]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, south
to Patagonia.

140 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBGENUS TINNUNCULUS VIEILLOT.
Tinnunculus VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 39.
[359.1.] Falco tinnunculus LINN.

Kestrel.

Falco tinnunculus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 90.

[B— , C— R422, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and northern Asia; accidental in Massa-
chusetts.

360. Falco sparverius LINN.

American Sparrow Hawk.

Falco sparverius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 90.

[B 13, C 346, 3460, R42o, 4200, C 508, 509.]
GEOG. DIST. — North America, east of the Rocky Mountains, and
from Great Slave Lake south to northern South America.

360 a. Falco sparverius deserticolus MEARNS.

Desert Sparrow Hawk.

Falco sparverius deserticolus MEARNS, Auk, IX. July, 1892, 263.

[B 13, part, C 346, part, R 420, part, C 508, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, north to eastern British
Columbia and western Montana, south to Mazatlan in northwestern
Mexico.

360 b. Falco sparverius peninsularis MEARNS.

St. Lucas Sparrow Hawk.

Falco sparverius peninsularis MEARNS, Auk, IX. July, 1892, 267.

[B impart, C 346, part, R 420, part, C so8,/ar/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

[361.] Falco dominicensis GMEL.

Cuban Sparrow Hawk.

Falco dominicensis GMEL. Syst. Nat. I. i. 1788, 288.

[B— , C— R42i, GSIO.]
GEOG. DIST. — Cuba ; casual in Florida.

ORDER RAPTORES.

GENUS POLYBORUS VIEILLOT.
Polyborus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 22. Type, Falco tharus MOL.

362. Polyborus cheriway (JACQ.).

Audubon's Caracara.

Falco cheriway JACQ. Beitr. 1784, 17, tab. 4.
Polyborus cheriway CAB. in SCHOMB. Reise Brit. Guiana, III. 1848,
741.

[B 45, C 363, R 423, C 535.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, Texas, Arizona, and Lower California,
south to Ecuador and Guiana. Breeds throughout its United States
range and southward.

363. Polyborus lutosus RIDGW.

Guadalupe Caracara.

Polyborus lutosus RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geog. & Geol. Surv. Terr.
No. 6, 2d ser. Feb. 8, 1876, 459.

[B— C— , R424, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

SUBFAMILY PANDIONINJB. OSPREYS.
GENUS FANDION SAVIGNY.

Pandion SAVIGN. Descr. de PEgypte, Ois. 1809, 95. Type,
Falco haliaetus LINN.

364. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (GMEL.).

American Osprey.

Falco carolinensis GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 263.
Pandion haliaetus carolinensis RIDGW. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
Dec. 1870, 143.

[B 44, C 360, R 425, C 530.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from Hudson Bay and Alaska
south to the West Indies and northern South America. Breeds
throughout its North American range.

142 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBORDER STRIGES. OWLS.
FAMILY STRIG-ID-ffi. BARN OWLS.

GENUS STRIX LINN^US.

Strix LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 92. Type, S. aluco LINN.
ed. 10.

365. Strix pratincola BONAP.

American Barn Owl.

Strix pratincola BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7.
[B47, C3i6, R394, C46i.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, rarely to the northern border, and
Ontario, southward through Mexico ; northern limit of breeding
range about Lat. 41°.

FAMILY BUBONID^Sl. HORNED OWLS, ETC.

GENUS ASIO BRISSON.
Asio BRISS. Orn. I. 1760, 28. Type, Strix otus LINN.

366. Asio wilsonianus (LESS.).

American Long-eared Owl.

Otus wilsonianus LESS. Trait6, 1831, no.

Asio wilsonianus COUES, Check List, ed. 2, 1882, 81, No. 472.

[B5i, C320, R 395, €472.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America; south to the table-
lands of Mexico. Breeds throughout its range.

367. Asio accipitrinus (PALL.).

Short-eared Owl.

Strix accipitrina PALL. Reise Russ. Reichs. I. 1771, 455.
Asio accipitrinus NEWT. YARR. Brit. B. ed. 4, I. 1872, 163.

ORDER RAPTORES. 143

[652, €321, R396, C473-]

GEOG. DIST. — Throughout North America ; nearly cosmopolitan.
Breeds, somewhat irregularly and locally, from about Lat. 39°
northward.

GENUS SYRNIUM SAVIGNY.

Symium SAVIGN. Descr. de 1'Egypte, Ois. 1809, 298. Type,
Strix stridula LINN.

368. Syrnium nebulosum (FORST.).

Barred Owl.

Strix nebulosa FORST. Philos. Trans. XXII. 1772, 386.
Syrnium nebulosum BOIE, Isis, 1828, 315.

[B54, C 323, R 397, €476.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to Minnesota, Ne-
braska, Kansas, and Texas, north to Nova Scotia and Quebec.
Breeds throughout its range.

368 #. Syrnium nebulosum alleni RIDGW.

Florida Barred Owl.

Strix nebulosa alleni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March,

1880, 8.
Syrnium nebulosum alleni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

Sept. 1885, 355.

[B— , C— , R3970, C477-]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, chiefly coastwise,
from South Carolina to Texas.

369. Syrnium occidentale XANTUS.

Spotted Owl.

Syrnium occidentale XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 193.

[B— , C 324, R 398, C 478.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Cali-
fornia, Lower California and Mexico.

144 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS SCOTIAPTEX SWAINSON.

Scotiaptex SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 217. Type, Strix
cinerea GMEL.

370. Scotiaptex cinerea (GMEL.).

Great Gray Owl.

Strix cinerea GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 291.
Scotiaptex cinerea SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 217.

[B 53, C 322, R 399, C 474-]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America, straggling southward, in winter,
to southern New England, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois,
Idaho and northern Montana.

[3700.] Scotiaptex cinerea lapponica (RETZ.).

Lapp Owl.

Strix lapponica RETZ. Faun. Suec. 1800, 79.

Scotiaptex cinerea lapponica RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 260.

[B— , C— , R 3990, C 475.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic portions of the Old World ; accidental in
Alaska (Norton Sound).

GENUS NYCTALA BREHM.

Nyctala BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1271. Type, Strix tengmalmi GMEL.
371. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni (BONAP.).

Richardson's Owl.

Nyctale richardsoni BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7.
Nyctale tengmalmi var. richardsoni RIDGW. Am. Nat. VI. May
1872, 285.

[B 55, C 327, R 400, C 482.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America, south in winter into the northern
United States. Breeds from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Manitoba
northward.

ORDER RAPTORES. 145

372. Nyctala acadica (GMEL.).

Saw- whet Owl.

Strix acadica GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 296.

Nyctale acadica BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7.

[B 56, 57, C 328, R 401, C 483-]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding from the Middle
States northward, and in mountainous regions of the West southward
into Mexico.

GENUS MEG-ASCOPS KAUP.

Megascops KAUP, Isis, 1848, 765. Type, Strix asio LINN.
373. Megascops asio (LINN.).

Screech Owl.

Strix asio LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, I. 1758, 92.
Megascops asio STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B w,part, C 318, R 402, C 465.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate eastern North America, south to
Georgia, and west to the Plains. Accidental in England.

373 #. Megascops asio floridanus (RIDGW.).

Florida Screech Owl.

Scops asio var. floridanus RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 200.
Megascops asio floridanus STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B— , C 318*, R 4020, C 469.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, from South Caro-
lina to Louisiana, chiefly coastwise.

373 b. Megascops asio trichopsis (WAGL.).

Texas Screech Owl.

Scops trichopsis WAGL. Isis, 1832, 276.

Megascops asio trichopsis RIDGW. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, .

10

146 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 50, C 318^, R 402^, C 468.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to
Guatemala.

373 c. Megascops asio bendirei (BREWST.).

California Screech Owl.

Scops asio bendirei BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan.

1882,31.
Megascops asio bendirei STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B— C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of California.

373 d. Megascops asio kennicottii (ELLIOT).

Kennicott's Screech Owl.

Scops kennicottii ELLIOT, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1867, 99.
Megascops asio kennicottii STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B— , C3i8tf, R 402^, C 466.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast region, from Oregon to Sitka.

373 e. Megascops asio maxwelliae (RIDGW.).

Rocky Mountain Screech Owl.

Scops asio var. maxwellice RIDGW. Field & Forest, June, 1877,

210, 213.
Megascops asio maxwellice STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B— , C— , R402^C 467.]
GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, from Colorado to Montana.

373/ Megascops asio cineraceus RIDGW.

Mexican Screech Owl.

Megascops asio cineraceus RIDGW. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, .

[B — , C — , R 403, C 470-]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico, Arizona, Lower California, and
western Mexico.

ORDER RAPTORES. 147

373^. Megascops asio aikeni BREWST.

Aiken's Screech Owl.

Megascops asio aikeni BREWST. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 139.

[B-,C-,R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Plains, El Paso County, Colorado, south probably to
central New Mexico and northeastern Arizona.

373 h. Megascops asio macfarlanei BREWST.

MacFarlane's Screech Owl.

Megascops asio macfarlanei BREWST. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 140.

[B 49, part, C $&, part, R 402, part, C 465, part.~\

GEOG. DIST. — East of the Cascades in Washington, interior of
southern British Columbia, southward to central Oregon and east-
ward into Montana.

374. Megascops flammeola (KAUP).

Flammulated Screech Owl.

Scops flammeola KAUP, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. IV. 1862, 226.
Megascops flammeolus STEJN. Auk, II. April, 1885, 184.

[B— , C3i9, R4o4, C47i-]

GEOG. DIST. — Highlands of Guatemala and central Mexico, north
to Colorado and northern California.

374 a. Megascops flammeola idahoensis MERRIAM.

Dwarf Screech Owl.

Megascops flammeolus idahoensis MERRIAM, North Am. Fauna,
No. 5, July, 1891, 96, pi. i.

[B— , C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Ketchum, Idaho. Known only from the type.

GENUS BUBO DUMERIL.

Bubo DUMER. Zool. Anal. 1806, 34. Type, by implication, Strix
bubo LINN.

CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

375. Bubo virginianus (GMEL.).

Great Horned Owl.

Strix virginiana GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 287.

Bubo virginianus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 6.

[B48, C 317, R 405, C462.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Mississippi
Valley, and from Labrador south to Costa Rica.

3750. Bubo virginianus subarcticus (Hoy).

Western Horned Owl.

Bubo subarcticus HOY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VI. 1852, 211.
Bubo virginianus (3 subarcticus RIDGW. Orn. 4oth Par. 1877, 572.

[B 4$, part, C si*] a, part, R ±v$a,part, C 4.63, part.']

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Great Plains
westward ; southward to the Mexican tablelands ; east, casually,
to Wisconsin and Illinois; north to Manitoba and British Columbia.

375 b. Bubo virginianus arcticus (SWAINS.).

Arctic Horned Owl.

Strix (Bubd)arctica SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II.

1831,86, pi. 30.
Bubo virginianus var. arcticus CASS. Illust. B. Cal. etc. 1854., 178.

[B 48,/0r/, C $\ia,part, R 4.05^, C 4.63, /0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America, chiefly in the interior, south, in
winter, to Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota.

375 c. Bubo virginianus saturatus RIDGW.

Dusky Horned Owl.

Bubo virginianus saturatus RIDGW. Orn. 4oth Par. 1877, 572,
foot-note.

[B 48,/ar/, C 3i73, R 405*, C 464.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from Monterey Bay, California,
northward to Alaska and eastward to Hudson Bay and Labrador;
southward through the mountainous regions of the West to Arizona.

ORDER RAPTORES. 149

GENUS NYCTEA STEPHENS.

Nyctea STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. ii. 1826, 63. Type, Strix nyctea
LINN.

376. Nyctea nyctea (LINN.).

Snowy Owl.

Strix nyctea LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 93.
Nyctea nyctea LIGHT. Nomen. Mus. Berol. 1854, 7.

[B6i, €325, R466, C479-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of the northern hemisphere.
In North America breeding wholly north of the United States; in
winter migrating south to the Middle States, straggling to South
Carolina, Texas, California, and Bermuda.

GENUS SURNIA DUMERIL.

Surnia DUMER. Zool. Anal. 1806, 34. Type, Strix ulula LINN.
[377.] Surnia ulula (LINN.).

Hawk Owl.

Strix ulula LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 93.
Surnia ulula BONAP. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. 1842, 22.

[B— , C— , R 4070, C 481.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic portions of the Old World. Casual in
Alaska (St. Michaels).

377 a. Surnia ulula caparoch (MULL.).

American Hawk Owl.

Strix caparoch MULL. S. N. Suppl. 1776, 69.

Surnia ulula caparoch STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 363.

[B 62, C 326, R 407, C 480.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America, breeding from Newfoundland north-
ward, and migrating in winter to the northern border of the United
States. Occasional in England.

150 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS SFEOTYTO GLOGER.

Speotyto GLOG. Handb. Naturg. 1842, 226. Type, Strix cunicu-
laria MOL.

378. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaea (BONAP.).

Burrowing Owl.

Strix hypog(za¥>QKK¥. Am. Orn. I. 1825, 72.

Spheotyto cunicularia var. hypogaa COUES Key, 1872, 208.

[B58, 59, C 332, R 408, €487.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Pacific coast east
throughout the Great Plains, north somewhat over the border of
British America, south to Central America. Accidental in New
York and Massachusetts.

378 a. Speotyto cunicularia floridana RIDGW.

Florida Burrowing Owl.

Speotyto cunicularia v&t. floridana RIDGW. Am. Sportsm. V. July 4,
1874, 216.

[B — , C — , R 408^, C 488.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Florida ; Bahamas.

GENUS G-LAUCIDIUM BOIE.
Glaucidium BOIE, Isis, 1826, 970. Type, Strix nana KING.

379. Glaucidium gnoma WAGL.
Owl.

Glaucidium gnoma WAGL. Isis, 1832, 275.

[B 60, C 329, R 409, C 484-]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America in mountainous regions
from British Columbia to eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains and
south to the tablelands of Mexico.

ORDER RAPTORES. 151

3790. Glaucidium gnoma calif or nicum (SCL.).

California Pygmy Owl.

Glaucidium californicum SCL. P. Z. S. 1857, 4.
Glaucidium gnoma californicum A. O. U. Check-List, ist Suppl.
1889, 9.

[B6o,/«r/, C 329, part, R 409, part, C 484, /0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from California to British
Columbia.

379.1. Glaucidium hoskinsii (BREWST.).

Hoskins's Pygmy Owl.

Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii BREWST. Auk, V. April, 1888, 136.
Glaucidium hoskinsii A. O. U. Check-List, ist Suppl. 1889, 9.

[B— C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

380. Glaucidium phalaenoides (BAUD.).

Ferruginous Pygmy Owl.

Strix phalcenoides DAUD. Traits' d'Orn. II. 1800, 206.
Glaucidium phalcenoides CAB. J. f. O. 1869, 208.

[B— C33o, R4io, C485.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Texas
to Arizona, south to southern Brazil.

GENUS MICROPALLAS COUES.

Micropallas COUES, Auk, VI. Jan. 1889, 71. Type, Athene
whitney i COOPER.

381. Micropallas whitneyl (COOPER).

Elf Owl.

Athene whitneyi COOPER, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. 1861, 118.
Micropallas whitneyi SENNETT, Auk, VI. July, 1889, 276.

[B— , C33i, R4n, C486.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern and Lower California, Arizona, New
Mexico, and southern Texas, south to Puebla, Mexico.

152 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER PSITTACI. PARROTS, MACAWS, PAR-
OQUETS, ETC.

FAMILY PSITTACID-ffi. PARROTS AND PAROQUETS.

GENUS CONURUS KUHL.

Conurus KUHL, Consp. Psitt. 1820, 4. Type, Psittacus caroli-
nensis LINN.

382. Conurus carolinensis (LINN.).

Carolina Paroquet.

Psittacus carolinensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 97.
Conurus carolinensis LESS. Traite, 1831, 211.

[B63, C3i5, R392, C46o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Formerly Florida and the Gulf States north to Mary-
land, the Great Lakes, Iowa, and Nebraska, west to Colorado, the
Indian Territory, and Texas, and straggling northeastward to Penn-
sylvania and New York. Now restricted to Florida, Arkansas, and
Indian Territory, where it is only of local occurrence.

ORDER COCCYGES. 153

ORDER COCCYGES. CUCKOOS, ETC.

SUBORDER CUCULI. CUCKOOS, ETC.

FAMILY CUCULID^I. CUCKOOS, ANIS, ETC.

SUBFAMILY CROTOPH AGINGS. AICIS.

GENUS CROTOPHAGA LINN^US.

Crotophaga LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 105. Type, C. ani
LINN.

[383.] Crotophaga ani LINN.

Ani.

Crotophaga ani LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1. 1758, 105.

[B66, 67, C 288, R389, €425-]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies and eastern South America. Rare
or casual in southern Florida and Louisiana, and accidental near
Philadelphia.

384. Crotophaga sulcirostris SWAINS.

Groove-billed Ani.

Crotophaga sulcirostris SWAINS. Philos. Mag. I. 1827, 440.

[B— , C— , R 390, C 426.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico, north to the southern part of the peninsula
of Lower California, and valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas,
south to Peru.

SUBFAMILY COCCYGIN-5J. AMERICAN CUCKOOS.
GENUS G-EOCOCCYX WAGLER.

Geococcyx WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 524. Type, G. variegata WAGL.
= Saurothera calif orniana LESS.

154 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

385. Geococcyx californianus (LESS.).

Road-runner.

Saurothera californiana LESSON, Compl. Buff. VI. 1829, 420.
Geococcyx californianus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 73.

[B 68, C 289, R 385, C 427-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and central Mexico, north to head of
Sacramento Valley in California, southern Utah, southeastern
Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and western
Texas.

GENUS COCCYZUS VIEILLOT.

Coccyzus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 28. Type, Cuculus americanus
LINN.

386. Coccyzus minor (GMEL.).

Mangrove Cuckoo.

Cuculus minor GMEL. S. N. I. i. 178$, 411.
Coccyzus minor CAB. J. f. O. 1856, 104.

[B 71, C 292, R386, C 429-]

GEOG. DIST. — Key West, Florida, Louisiana, the West Indies,
and Central America to northeastern South America.

[386 a.] Coccyzus minor maynardi (RIDGW.).

Maynard's Cuckoo.

Coccyzus maynardi RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 274.
Coccyzus minor maynardi A. O. U. Check-List, ist Suppl.
1889, 9.

[B 7i,/0r/, C 292, part, R $%6,part, C ^2<),part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Bahamas and Florida Keys. Cuba ?

387. Coccyzus americanus (LINN.).

Yellow-billed Cuckoo.

Cuculus americanus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, in.
Coccyzus americanus BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. III. ii.
1824, 367.

ORDER COCCYGES.

'55

[B69, C 291, R387, 0429-]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern temperate North America, breeding from
Florida north to New Brunswick, Canada, and Minnesota, west
to the eastern border of the Plains, and south, in winter, to Costa
Rica and the West Indies.

387 (7. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis RIDGW.

California Cuckoo.

Coccyzus americanus occidentalis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,

273-

[B— , C— , R 387, part, C 429, /<"•/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western temperate North America, from northern
Lower California north to southern British Columbia, east to New
Mexico and western Texas, and south over tablelands of Mexico.

388. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (WILS.).

Black-billed Cuckoo.

Cuculus erythrophthalmus WILS. Am. Orn. IV. 1811, 16, pi. 28.
Coccyzus erythrophthalmus BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
III. ii. 1824, 367.

[B 70, C 290, R 388, C 428.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun-
tains, breeding north to Labrador, Manitoba, and eastern Assiniboia ;
south, in winter, to the West Indies and the valley of the Amazon.
Accidental in the British Islands and Italy.

GENUS CUCULUS LINN^US.

Cuculus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, no. Type, C. canorus
LINN.

[388.1.] Cuculus canorus telephonus (HEINE).

Kamchatkan Cuckoo.

Cuculus telephonus HEINE, J. f. O. 1863, 352.

Cuculus canorus telephonus STEJN. Bull. 29, U. S. Nat. Mus.

1885, 224.

[B— C-, R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — An Asiatic species, occurring accidentally on the
Pribilof Islands.

156 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBORDER TROGONES. TROGONS.
FAMILY TROGONID-S3. TROGONS.

GENUS TROGrON LINN.EUS.

Trogon LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 167. Type, T. viridis LINN.
389. Trogon ambiguus GOULD.

Coppery-tailed Trogon.

Trogon ambiguus GOULD, P. Z. S. 1835, 30.

[B 65, C 284, R 384, C 422.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern and central Mexico, from Oaxaca and
Guerrero, north to the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas,
and southern Arizona.

SUBORDER ALCYONES. KINGFISHERS.
FAMILY ALCEDINIDJE. KINGFISHERS.

GENUS CERYLE BOIE.
Ceryle BOIE, Isis, 1828, 316. Type, Alcedo rudis LINN.

SUBGENUS STREPTOCERYLE BONAPARTE.

. Consp. Vol. Anisod. 1854. 10. Type, Alcedo

torquata LINN.
390. Ceryle alcyon (LINN.).

Belted Kingfisher.

Alcedo alcyon LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 115.
Ceryle alcyon BONAP. P. Z. S. for 1837 (l838)> lo8-

ORDER PICI.

157

[B 117, C 286, R 382, C 423-]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the Arctic Ocean south to
Panama and the West Indies. Breeds from the southern border
of the United States northward.

[390.1.] Ceryle torquata (LINN.).

Ringed Kingfisher.

Alcedo torquata LINN. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, I. 1766, 180.
Ceryle torquata BOIE, Isis, 1828, 316.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico and southward to southern South America.
Casual on the Lower Rio Grande, Texas.

SUBGEXUS CHLORO CERYLE KAUP.

Chloroceryle KAUP, Fam. Eisv. 1848, 8. Type, Alcedo superci-
liosa LINN.

391. Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHARPE.

Texas Kingfisher.

Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
XVII, 1892, 134.

[B 118, C 287, R383, C424-]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Texas, south to Panama.

ORDER PICI. WOODPECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC.

FAMILY PICIDJE. WOODPECKERS.

GENUS CAMPEPHILUS GRAY.

Campephilus GRAY, List Gen. B. 1840, 54. Type, Picas printi-
palis LINN.

158 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

392. Campephilus principalis (LINN.).

Ivory-billed Woodpecker.

Picus principalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 113.
Campephilus principalis GRAY, List Gen. B. 1840, 54.

[672, C 293, R359, C 431.]

GEOG. DIST. — Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States, .from
North Carolina to Texas, north in the Mississippi Valley to Missouri,
southern Illinois, and southern Indiana. Now restricted to the Gulf
States and the Lower Mississippi Valley, where only locally distri-
buted.

GENUS DRYOBATES BOIE.

Dryobates BOIE, Isis, 1826, 977. Type, Picus pubescens LINN.
393. Dryobates villosus (LINN.).

Hairy Woodpecker.

Picus villosus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 175.

Dryobates villosus CABANIS, Mus. Hein. IV. ii. June 15, 1863, 66.

[B impart, C 298, part, R 360, C 438, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and middle portions of the eastern United
States, from the Atlantic coast to the Great Plains.

393 a. Dryobates villosus leucomelas (BODD.).

Northern Hairy Woodpecker.

Picus leucomelas BODDAERT, Tabl. PI. Enl. 1783, 21.
Dryobates villosus leucomelas RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 355.

[B impart, C 2 98, part, R 3600, C 43 8, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, south to about the
northern border of the United States.

393 b. Dryobates villosus audubonii (SWAINS.).

Southern Hairy Woodpecker.

Picus audubonii SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II.

1831, 306.
Dryobates villosus audubonii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885,355.

ORDER PICI. 159

[B 74,/0r/, C 298, part, R 360, part, C 438,

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, north to North
Carolina and Tennessee, west to Louisiana and southeastern Texas.

393 c. Dryobates villosus harrisii (AUD.).

Harris's Woodpecker.

Picus harrisii AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, I9I-
Dryobates villosus harrisii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 355.

[B7S, C 2980, R 36o£, C439-]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from northern Cali-

fornia to southern Alaska.
/

393 d. Dryobates villosus hyloscopus (CAB.).

Cabanis's Woodpecker.

Dryobates hyloscopus CAB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein. IV. ii. 1863, 69.
[Dryobates villosus~\ hyloscopus BREWST. Auk, V. July, 1888, 252
(in text).

[B 75, part, C 298^, part, R 360^, part, C 439, /0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, except northwest coast, and
south into Mexico.

394. Dryobates pubescens (LINN.).

Downy Woodpecker.

Picus pubescens LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 175.

Dryobates pubescens CABANIS, Mus. Hein. IV. ii. June 15, 1863, 62.

[B76, C299, R36i, C44o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and eastern North America, west to British
Columbia and the eastern edge of the Plains ; south to the Gulf of
Mexico.

394 a. Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii (AUD.).

Gairdner's Woodpecker.

Picus gairdnerii AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 317.
Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii R.IDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885,355.

l6o CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 77,/tfr/, C 2^a,part, R 36 1 a, part, C 441, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of the United States, north to British
Columbia (lat. 55°).

394 b. Dryobates pubescens oreoecus BATCH.

Batchelder's Woodpecker.

Dryobates pubescens oreoecus BATCH. AUK, VI. July, 1889, 253.

[B Impart, C 2gga,part, R 3610, part, C 441, part,~\
GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States.

395. Dryobates borealis (VIEILL.).

Red-cockaded Woodpecker.

Picus borealis VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 66.

Dryobates borealis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 80, C 296, R 362, C 433-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern United States, from North Carolina,
Tennessee and Indian Territory, south to eastern Texas and the
Gulf coast.

396. Dryobates scalaris bairdi (MALHERBE).

Texan Woodpecker.

Picus bairdi (ScL. MSS.) MALHERBE, Mon. Pic. I. 1861, 118,

pi. 27.
Dryobates scalaris bairdi RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 285.

[B 79, C 297, R 363, C 434.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Texas
to California, north from western Arizona and southern Nevada to
southwestern Utah, south to the tablelands of Mexico.

396 a. Dryobates scalaris lucasanus (XANTUS).

Saint Lucas Woodpecker.

Picus lucasanus XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 298.
Dryobates scalaris lucasanus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885,355.

[B— , C 297^, R363tf, C 436-]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, north to Lat. 34° in the Colorado
Desert, California.

ORDER PICI. l6l

397. Dryobates nuttallii (GAME.).

Nuttail's Woodpecker.

Picus nuttallii GAMBEL, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1843, 259.
Dryobates nuttallii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 78, C 2970, R 364, C 435-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Oregon, California, and northern Lower
California.

398. Dryobates arizonse (HARGITT).

Arizona Woodpecker.

Picus arizona HARGITT, Ibis, April, 1886, 115.
Dryobates arizonce RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 286.

[B- C- R 365, C 437.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, south into northern Mexico.

GENUS XENOPICTTS BAIRD.

Xenopicus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 83. Type, Leuconerpes albo-
larvatus CASS.

399. Xenopicus albolarvatus (CASS.).

\Vliite-headed Woodpecker.
Leuconerpes albolarvatus CASSIN, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct.

1850, 106.
Xenopicus albolarvatus MALHERBE, Mon. Pic. II. 1862, 221.

[B8i, C 295, R366, C452-]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of the Pacific coast, from southern
British Columbia to southern California (including the eastern slope
of the Sierra Nevada), and east to the Blue Mountains of Oregon
and west-central Idaho.

GENUS PICOIDES LACEPEDE.

Picoides LACEPEDE, Mem. de 1'Inst. III. 1801, 509. Type Picus
tridactylus Lixx.

11

1 62 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

400. Picoides arcticus (SWAINS.).

Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.
Picus (Apternus) arcticus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor.

Am. II. 1831, 313.
Picoides arcticus GRAY, Gen. B. I. 1845, 434-

[B 82, C 300, R 367, C 443-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, from the arctic regions
south to the northern United States (New England, New York,
Michigan, Minnesota, and Idaho), and in the Sierra Nevada to
Lake Tahoe.

401. Picoides americanus BREHM.

American Three-toed Woodpecker.

Picoides americanus BREHM, Handb. Vo'g. Deutschl. 1831, 195.
[B 83, C 301, R 368, C 444-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, from the arctic regions southward to the northern United
States (Maine, Mass., New York).

401 a. Picoides americanus alascensis (NELS.).

Alaskan Three-toed Woodpecker.

Picoides tridactylus alascensis NELSON, Auk, I. April, 1884, 165.
Picoides americanus alascensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885,355.

[B— , C— , R— ,C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Alaska, south to northern Washington.

401 b. Picoides americanus dorsalis BAIRD.

Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker.

Picoides dorsalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 100.

Picoides americanus dorsalis BAIRD, Orn. Calif. I. 1870, 386.

[B 84, C 301*, R 3680, C 445-]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia
and Idaho south into New Mexico.

ORDER PICI. 163

GENUS SPHYRAPICUS BAIRD.

Sphyrapicus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 80, 101. Type, Picus varius
LINN.

402. Sphyrapicus varius (LINN.).

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Picus varius LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 176.
Sphyrapicus varius BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 103.

[B 85, C 302, R 369, C 446.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America north to about Lat. 63° 30'
(north of Fort Simpson), breeding from Massachusetts northward ;
south, in winter, to the West Indies, Mexico and Costa Rica.

402 a. Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis BAIRD.

Red-naped Sapsueker.

Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 103.
[B 86, C 3020, R 3690, C 447.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia to
the Sierra Bolanos, Jalisco, Mexico, and the Cape region of Lower
California ; and westward across the Great Basin to the eastern
slope of the Sierra Nevada in northern California.

403. Sphyrapicus ruber (GMEL.).

Red-breasted Sapsucker.

Picus ruber GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 429.
Sphyrapicus ruber BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 104.

[B 87, C 302^, 303? R 369^, C 448.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south
in the mountains and foothills of California to northern Lower Cali-
fornia.

404. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (CASS.).

Williamson's Sapsucker.

Picus thyroideus CASSIN, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850-1851, 349.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 106.

164 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 88, 89, C 304, 305, R 370, C 449-]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States, west
to the Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and northern Coast Ranges ; south
on the tablelands of Mexico to the Sierra Bolanos, Jalisco.

GENUS CEOPHLCEUS CABANIS.

Ceophlceus CABANIS, J. f. O. 1862, 176. Type, Picus pileatus
LINN.

405. Ceophloeus pileatus (LINN.).

Pileated Woodpecker.

Picus pileatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 113.
C\eophl(Kus\ pileatus CABANIS, J. f. O. 1862, 176.

[B 90, C 294, R 371, C 432.]

GEOG. DIST. — Formerly the heavily wooded region of North
America south of about Lat. 63°, except in the southern Rocky
Mountains ; now rare or extirpated in the more thickly settled parts
of the Eastern States.

GENUS MELANERPES SWAINSON.

SUBGENUS MELANERPES.

Melanerpes SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831, 316.
Type, Picus erythrocephalus LINN.

406. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (LINN.).

Bed-headed Woodpecker.

Picus erythrocephalus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 113.
Melanerpes erythrocephalus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor.
Am. II. 1831, 316.

[694, C 309, R375, C 453.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, west to the Rocky Mountains, and
north from Florida to about Lat. 50°, straggling westward to Salt Lake
Valley and Arizona ; rare or local east of the Hudson River.

ORDER PICI. 165

407. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi RIDGW.

Calif ornian Woodpecker.

Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi RIDGW. Bull. No. 21 U. S. Nat.
Mus. 1881, 34,85.

[695, C3io, R, 377, C454-]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of the United States, from
southern Oregon south to northern Lower California and Mexico,
east through Arizona to southern New Mexico and western Texas.

407 a. Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons BAIRD.

Narrow-fronted Woodpecker.

Melanerpes formicivorus var. angusti/rons'BAiRV, Orn. Cal. I. 1870,
405-

[B — C3io*, R377a, C455-]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Lower California.

SUBGENUS ASYNDESMUS COUES.

Asyndesmus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 55. Type,
Picus torquatus WILS.

408. Melanerpes torquatus (WILS.).

Lewis's Woodpecker.

Picus torquatus WILSON, Am. Orn. III. 1811, 31, pi. xx. fig. 3.
Melanerpes torquatus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 40.

[B96, C3n, R376, C456.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Black Hills and the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, and from southern British Columbia
and southern Alberta south to Arizona, and (in winter) western
Texas. Casual in Kansas.

SUBGEXUS CENTURUS SWAIXSOX.

Centurus SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 310. Type, Picus caro-
linus LINN.

1 66 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

409. Melanerpes carolinus (LINN.).

Red-bellied Woodpecker.

Picus carolinus LINN. S. N. ed. 10. I. 1758, 113.

Melanerpes carolinus RIDGW. Ann. Lye. N. Y. X. Jan. 1874, 378.

[B9i, C 306, R372, C 450.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern and southern United States, north casually
to Massachusetts, New York, Ontario, southern Michigan, and central
Iowa, west to eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, Indian Territory
and Texas.

410. Melanerpes aurifrons (WAGL.).

Golden-fronted Woodpecker.

Picus aurifrons WAGLER, Isis, 1829, 512.

Melanerpes aurifrons RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B92, C 307, R 373, 0451-]

GEOG. DIST. — Central and southern Texas, southward over the
tablelands of Mexico to the City of Mexico, and from southern
Tamaulipas west to Aguas Calientes and Jalisco.

411. Melanerpes uropygialis (BAIRD).

Gila Woodpecker.

Centurus uropygialis BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854,

1 20.
Melanerpes uropygialis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B93, C3o8, R374, C452-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern New Mexico, and southern and
western Arizona, from Lat. 35° southward through Lower California
to Cape St. Lucas, and through western Mexico to Aguas Calientes
and Jalisco.

GENUS COLAPTES SWAINSON.

Colaptes SWAINS. Zool. Journ. III. Dec. 1827, 353. Type,
Cuculus auratus LINN.

412. Colaptes auratus (LINN.).

Flicker.

Cuculus auratus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 112.
Colaptes auratus VIGORS, Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 444.

ORDER PICI. 167

[B97, C3i2, R378, C457-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and eastern North America, west to the
eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains and Alaska. Occasional on
the Pacific slope, from California northward. Accidental in Europe.

413. Colaptes cafer (GMEL.).

Red-shafted Flicker.

Picus cafer GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 431.

Colaptes cafer STEJN. Stand. Nat. Hist. IV. 1885, 428.

[B98, C 314, R 378£, C459-]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from British Columbia
south to southern Mexico, and west to the Coast Ranges in Oregon
and Washington, and to the Pacific coast from northern California
southward.

413 a. Colaptes cafer saturatior (RIDGW.).

Northwestern Flicker.

Colaptes mexicanus saturatior RIDGW. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II.

April 10, 1884, 90.
Colaptes cafer saturatior A. O. U. Check-list, 1886, 218.

[B— , C- R- C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast, from northern California to Sitka.

414. Colaptes chrysoides (MALH.).

Gilded Flicker.

Geopicus chrysoides MALH. Rev. et Mag. Zool. IV. 1852, 553.
Colaptes chrysoides REICH. Handb. Spec. Ornith. Scansoriae, 1854,

[B99,C3i3, R379,
GEOG. DIST. — Central and southern Arizona, from Lat. 34° to
southern Sonora, and Lower California south of Lat. 30°.

415. Colaptes rufipileus RIDGW.

Guadalupe Flicker.

Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog.

Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April i, i876, 191.
Colaptes rufipileus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July, i 877,

60.

[B — , C — , R 380, C — .]

GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

1 68 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER MACROCHIRES. GOATSUCKERS,
SWIFTS, ETC.

SUBORDER CAPRIMULGI. GOATSUCKERS, ETC.
FAMILY CAPRIMULGID-ffi. GOATSUCKERS, ETC.

GENUS ANTROSTOMUS GOULD.

Antrostomus GOULD, Icones Avium, 1838. Type, Caprimulgus
carolinensis GMEL.

416. Antrostomus carolinensis (GMEL.).

Chuck-will's- widow.

Caprimulgus carolinensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 1028.
Antrostomus carolinensis GOULD, Icones Avium, 1838.

[B in, C 264, R 353, €396.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, from Virginia south
through eastern Mexico to Central America ; Cuba. North, in the
interior, to southern Illinois and Kansas. Accidental in Massachu-
setts.

417. Antrostomus vociferus (WiLs.).

Whip-poor-will.

Caprimulgus vociferus^Niis. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 71, pi. 41, figs. 1-3.
Antrostomus vociferus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 8.

[B 112, C 265, R 354, C 397.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, and from
Lat. 50° south to Guatemala.

ORDER MACROCHIRES. 169

417 a. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax (WAGLER).

Stepkens's Whip-poor-will.

Caprimulgus macromystax WAGLER, Ibis, 1831, 533.
Caprimulgus vociferus macromystax HARTERT, Ibis, 1892, 286.
Antrostomus vociferus macromystax A. O. U. Check-List, 6th
Suppl. Auk, XI. Jan. 1894, 48.

IB—, C— , R — C88i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona, New Mexico, and tablelands of Mexico
south to Guatemala.

GENUS PHAL-ffiNOPTILUS RIDGWAY.

Phalcenoptilus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 5. Type,
Caprimulgus nuttallii AUD.

418. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (AUD.).

Poor-will.

Caprimulgus nu ttallii AUD. B. Am. VII. 1843, 35°> P^ 495-
Phalanoptilus nuttalli RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. 1880, 5.

[B 113, C266, R355, C398.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Sierra Nevada
eastward to eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas, north to central
Idaho and Montana, and south to southern Mexico.

418 a. Phalasnoptilus nuttallii nitidus BREWST.

Frosted Poor-will.

Phaloenoptilus nuttalli nitidus BREWST. Auk, IV. April, 1877, 147.

[B ii3,/*rf, C 266, part, R 355, part, C 398, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Texas to Arizona, and north to western Kansas.

418 b. Phalcenoptilus nuttallii calif ornicus RIDGW.

Dusky Poor-will.

Phalcenoptilus nuttalli calif ornicus RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,
588, foot-note.

[B 113, part, C 266,/ar/, R $$$, part, C 398, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of California.

170 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS NYCTIDROMUS GOULD.

Nyctidromus GOULD, Icones Avium, II. 1838, pi. ii. Type,

N. derbyanus GOULD = Caprimulgus albicollis GMEL.

419. Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SENN.

Merrill's Parauque.

Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SENN. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 44.

[B-, C— , R356, C395.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, north to the
Nueces River, south into northeastern Mexico.

GENUS CHORDEILES SWAINSON.

Chordeiles SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
496. Type, Caprimulgus virginianus GMEL.

420. Chordeiles virginianus (GMEL.).

Nighthawk.

Caprimulgus virginianus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 1028.
Chordeiles virginianus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am.
II. 1831, 496.

[B 1 14, €267, R357, C399.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and eastern North America, west to the
Great Plains and central British Columbia, and from Labrador
south through tropical America to the Argentine Republic.

420 a. Chordeiles virginianus henryi (CASS.).

Western Nighthawk.

Chordeiles henryi CASS. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc. I. 1855, 233.
Chordeiles virginianus var. henryi COUES, Key, 1872, 181.

[B 115, C 267^, R 357^, C 400.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Great Plains to
the Pacific coast, and from British Columbia south to northern
South America.

ORDER MACROCHIRES.

420 £. Chordeiles virginianus chapmani (COUES).

Florida Nighthawk.

\Chordeiles popetue~\ chapmani (SENNET, MS.) COUES, Auk, V.

Jan. 1888, 37.
Chordeiles virginianus chapmani SCOTT, Auk, V. April, 1888, 186.

[B— , C— , R 357*, C4oi.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida and the Gulf coast of Texas, south in winter
to South America.

421. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (LAWR.).

Texan Xighthawk.

Chordeiles texensis LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VI. Dec. 1856, 167.
Chordeiles acutipennis texensis RIDGW. in BAIRD, BREWER &RIDG-
WAY, N. Am. Birds, II. 1874, 406.

[B 116, C 268, R358, C 402.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Texas
to southern California, north into southern Utah ; south to Cape St.
Lucas and Veragua.

SUBORDER CYPSELI. SWIFTS.

FAMILY MICROFODIDJE. SWIFTS.
SUBFAMILY CHJETURIN2E. SPINE-TAILED SWIFTS.

GENUS CYPSELOIDES STREUBEL.

Cypseloides STREUBEL, Isis, 1848,366. Type, Hemiprocne fumi-
gata NATT. MS.

422. Cypseloides niger (GMEL.).

Black Swift.

Hirundo nigra GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 1025.
Cypseloides niger SCL. P. Z. S. 1865, 615.

172 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 108, C 270, R 350, C 404.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region (Colorado), west to the
Pacific coast ; north to British Columbia, and south to Lower Cali-
fornia, Mexico, Costa Rica, and the West Indies.

GENUS CH-ffiTURA STEPHENS.

Chatura STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. ii. 1825, 76. Type, Hirundo
pelagica LINN.

423. Chcetura pelagica (LINN.).

Chimney Swift.

Hirundo pelagica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 192.
Chatura pelasgia STEPH. Gen. Zool. XIII. pt. ii. 1825, 76.

[B 109, 0271, R35i, C4o5.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to Labrador and the
Fur Countries, west to the Plains, and passing south of the United
States in winter at least to Jalapa, Mexico, and Cozumel Island.

424. Chsetura vauxii (TOWNS.).

Vaux's Swift.

Cypselus vauxii TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIII. 1839,

148.
Chcztura vauxii DEKAY, Zool. N. Y. II. 1844, 36.

[B no, C 272, R352, C 406.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of the United States northward to
British Columbia ; migrating south in winter to Lower California and
Mexico.

SUBFAMILY MICROFODIN-ffi. TYPICAL SWIFTS.
GENUS AERONAUTES HARTERT.

Aeronautes HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XVI, 1892, 459.
Type, Cypselus melanoleitcus BAIRD.

UNI r

ORDER

425. Aeronautes melanoleucus (BAIRD).

White-throated Swift.

Cypselus melanoleucus BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854,

118.
Aeronautes melanoleucus HARTERT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. XVI,

1892, 459.

[B 107, C 269, R 349, C 403.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Black Hills,
northern Wyoming, and southern Montana to the Pacific ; south, in
winter, to Guatemala.

SUBORDER TROCHILI. HUMMINGBIRDS.

FAMILY TROCHILIDJE. HUMMINGBIRDS.

GENUS EUGENES GOULD.

Eugenes GOULD, Mon. Troch. pt. xii. 1856, pi. 59. Type, Tro-
chilus fulgens SWAINS.

426. Eugenes fulgens (SWAINS.).

Rivoli Hummingbird.

Trochilus fulgens SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441.
Eugenes fulgens GOULD, Mon. Troch. II. 1856, pi. 59.

[B— , C 2 74 to, R334, C4o8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and tablelands of Mexico to
Nicaragua.

GENUS CCBLIGENA LESSON.

Cceligena LESS. Ind. & Synop. Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xviii. Type,
Ornismya dementia LESS.

174 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

427. Cceligena clemenciae LESS.

Blue-throated Hummingbird.

Ornismya dementia LESS. Ois. Mouch. 1829, 216, pi. 80.
C&ligena clemeticice LESS. Ind. & Synop. Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xviii.

[B— , C-, R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, and the tablelands of Mexico to
Guerrero and Oaxaca.

GENUS TROCHILUS LINNAEUS.
SUBGENUS TROCHILUS.

Trochilus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 119. Type, by elimina-
tion, T. colubris LINN.

428. Trochilus colubris LINN.

Ruby-throated Hummingbird.

Trochilus colubris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 120.

[B 101, C 275, R335, C 409.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, north to the
Fur Countries, breeding from Florida to Labrador, and south, in
winter, to Cuba, Mexico, and Veragua.

429. Trochilus alexandri BOURC. & MULS.

Black-chinned Hummingbird.

Trochilus alexandri BOURC. & MULS. Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons,
IX. 1846, 330.

[B 102, C 276, R 336, C 410.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from California to British
Columbia, east to Utah and Arizona, and south to Lower California,
the Valley of Mexico, and Guerrero.

429.1. Trochilus violajugulum JEFFRIES.

Violet-throated Hummingbird.

Trochilus violajugulum JEFFRIES, Auk, V. April, 1888, 168.

[B— , C— R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of southern California (Santa Barbara).
Known only from the type specimen.

ORDER MACROCHIRES. 175

GENUS CALYPTE GOULD.

Calypte GOULD, Mon. Troch. III. 1856, pi. 134. Type, Ornis-
mya costce BOURC.

430. Calypte costae (BOURC.).

Costa's Hummingbird.

Ornismya costcz BOURC. Rev. Zool. 1839, 294-

Calypte costce GOULD, Mon. Troch. III. pt. xi, 1856, pi. 134.

[B 106, C 280, R 337, C 415-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona,
Lower California, and western Mexico.

431. Calypte anna (LESS.).

Anna's Hummingbird.

Ornismya anna LESS. Suppl. Ois. Mouch. 1831, 115, pi. vii.
Calypte annce GOULD, Mon. Troch. III. pt. xi, 1856, pi. 135.

[Bios, £279, R338, C 414.]

GEOG. DIST. — Central and southern California, southern Arizona,
and Lower California, casually to Guadalupe Island.

GENUS SELASPHORUS SWAINSON.

Selasphorus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
324. Type, Trochilus rufus GMEL.

[431.1.] Selasphorus floresii GOULD.

Floresi's Hummingbird.

Selasphorus floresii GOULD, Mon. Troch. pt. xxiii. Sept. i, 1861
(Vol. III. pi. 139)-

[B-, C- R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico (Bolaiios, Jalisco); accidental at San Fran-
cisco, California.

432. Selasphorus platycercus (SWAINS.).

Broad-tailed Hummingbird.

Trochilus platycercus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441.
Selasphorus platycercus BON. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 82.

176 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 104, C 278, R 339, C 413-]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region (Idaho, Wyoming, and
Colorado), west to the Sierra Nevada, and south through Arizona,
New Mexico and Mexico to Guatemala.

433. Selasphorus rufus (GMEL.).

Rufous Hummingbird.

Trochilus rufus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 497.
Trochilus (Selasphorus) rufus SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Faun. Bor.
Am. II. 1831, 324.

[B 103, C 277, R340, C 411.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Texas to Montana, west to the Pacific, and
north to Mount St. Elias, Alaska ; south in winter on the tablelands
of Mexico to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca.

434. Selasphorus alleni HENSH.

Allen's Hummingbird.

Selasphorus alleni HENSH. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. 1877, 54.
[B— C— , R 341, C 412.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, east to
southern Arizona.

GENUS STELLULA GOULD.

Stellula GOULD, Introd. Troch. 1861,90. Type, Trochilus calliope
GOULD.

436. Stellula calliope GOULD.

Calliope Hummingbird.

Trochilus (Calothorax) calliope GOULD, P. Z. S. 1847, n.
Stellula calliope GOULD, Introd. Troch. 1861, 90.

[B— , C 282, R 343, C4i7-]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of the Pacific slope, from British Colum-
bia to Montana, Nevada, and New Mexico ; south to the Valley of
Mexico and mountains of Guerrero.

ORDER MACROCHIRES. 177

GENUS CALOTHORAX GRAY.

Calothorax GRAY, Gen. B. 1840, 13. Type, Cynanthus lucifer
SWAINS.

437. Calothorax lucifer (SWAINS.).

Lucifer Hummingbird.

Cynanthus lucifer SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 442.
Calothorax lucifer GRAY, Gen. B. I. 1844, II0-

[B— C— ,R344, C4i8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tablelands of Mexico, from Puebla and the Valley
of Mexico north to southern Arizona.

GENUS AMAZILIA REICHENBACH.

Amazilia REICH. Syst. Av. 1849, P^ 39- Type, Orthorhynchus
amazili LESS.

438. Amazilia fuscicaudata (FRASER).

Rieffer's Hummingbird.

Trochilus fuscicaudatus FRAS. P. Z. S. 1840, 17.
Amazilia fuscicaudata RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. 1878,
118, 147.

[B— C— R345, C4i9-]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, south through
eastern Mexico to Central America and northern South America.

439. Amazilia cerviniventris GOULD.

Buft-bellied Hummingbird.

Amazilius cerviniventris GOULD, P. Z. S. 1856, 150.
[B— , C— , R346, C 420.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande and south in east-
ern Mexico to southern Vera Cruz.

12

178 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS BASILINNA BOIE.
Basilinna BOIE, Isis, 1831, 546. Type, Trochilns leucotis VIEILL

440. Basilinna xantusi (LAWR.).

Xantus's Hummingbird.

Amazilia xantusi LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1860, 109.
Basilinna xanthusi ELLIOT, Class. & Synop. Troch. March,
1879, 227.

[B— , €273, R347, €407-]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California north to Lat. 29°.

440.1. Basilinna leucotis (VIEILL.).

White-eared Hummingbird.

Trochilus leucotis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXIII. 1818,

428.
Basilinna leucotis BOIE, Isis, 1831, 546.

[B— , C-, R-, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico and Nicaragua, north to the Chiricahua
Mountains, Arizona.

GENUS IACHE ELLIOT.

lache ELLIOT, Class. & Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 234. Type,
Cynanthus latirostris SWAINS.

441. lache latirostris (SWAINS.).

Broad-billed Hummingbird.

Cynanthus latirostris SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 441.

lache latirostris ELLIOT, Class. & Synop. Troch. March, 1879,

235-

[B— , C— , R348, C42i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and south to the Valley of
Mexico.

ORDER PASSERES. 179

ORDER PASSERES. PERCHING BIRDS.

SUBORDER CLAMATORES. SONGLESS PERCHING

BIRDS.

FAMILY COTINGID^J. THE COTINGAS.

GENUS Platypsaris SCLATER.

Platypsaris SCL. P. Z. S. 1857, 72 (ex BONAP., 1854, = nomen
nudum). Type, Pachyrhamphus latirostris BONAP.

441.1. Platypsaris albiventris (LAWR.).

Xantus's Becard.

Hadrostomus albiventris LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VIII. 1867, 475.
Platypsaris albiventris RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 325.

[B— , C— , R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Western and southern Mexico, north to southern
Arizona (Huachuca Mts.).

FAMILY TYRANNID^B. TYRANT FLYCATCHERS.
GENUS MILVULUS SWAINSON.

Milvulus SWAINSON, Zool. Journ. III. July, 1827, 165. Type,
Tyrannus savanna VIEILL. = Muscicapa tyrannus LINN.

[442.] Milvulus tyrannus (LINN.).

Fork-tailed Flycatcher.

Muscicapa tyrannus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766,325.
Milvulus tyrannus BONAP. Geogr. & Comp. List, 1838, 25.

l8o CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 122, C 240, R302, €366.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Mexico and southward throughout Central
and most of South America. Accidental in the United States
(Mississippi, Kentucky, New Jersey, southern California).

443. Milvulus forficatus (GMEL.).

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.

Muscicapaforficata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 931.
Milvulus forficatus SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1827, 225.

[B 123, C 241, RSOI, €367.]

GEOG. DIST. — Texas, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, southern Kansas
and southwestern Missouri, south through eastern Mexico to Costa
Rica. Accidental in southern Florida (Key West), New Jersey, New
England, and at York Factory, Hudson Bay.

GENUS TYRANNUS CUVIER.

Tyrannus CUVIER, Le9. d'An. Comp. I. 1799, tabl. ii. (Cf. Tabl.
Elem. 1797, p. 201.) Type, Lanius tyrannus LINN.

444. Tyrannus tyrannus (LINN.).

Kingbird.

Lanius tyrannus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 94.
Tyrannus tyrannus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 96.

[B 124, C 242, R 304, C 368.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the British Provinces south,
in winter, through eastern Mexico, Central and South America.
Less common west of the Rocky Mountains. Not recorded from
New Mexico and Arizona.

445. Tyrannus dominicensis (GMEL.).

Gray Kingbird.

Lanius tyrannus ft. dominicensis GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 302.
Tyrannus dominicensis RICHARDSON, Rep. Sixth Meet. Brit. Ass.
V. 1837, 170.

ORDER PASSERES. l8l

[B 125, C 243, R 303, C369.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic States (South Carolina, Georgia,
Florida), West Indies, Atlantic coast of Central America, and northern
South America. Accidental in Massachusetts.

446. Tyrannus melancholicus couchii (BAIRD).

Couch's Kingbird.

Tyrannus couchii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 175.
Tyrannus melancholicus var. couchii COUES, Check-list, ed. i,
Dec. 1873,51.

[B 128, 129, C 246, R3o5, C 372.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States (Texas),
south to Guatemala.

447. Tyrannus verticalis SAY.

Arkansas Kingbird.

Tyrannus verticalis SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 60.
[B 126, C 244, R 306, C 370.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, and from British Columbia south through Lower California
and western Mexico to Guatemala. Accidental in Maryland, New
Jersey, New York, and Maine.

448. Tyrannus vociferans SWAINS.

Cassin's Kingbird.

Tyrannus vociferans SWAINS. Quart. Jour. Sci. XX. 1826, 273.
[B 127, C245, R3o7, C37i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States from southern Wyoming,
eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas and southern
California, south to Guatemala.

GENUS FITANGrUS SWAINSON.

Pitangus SVVAINSOX, Zool. Journ. III. July, 1827, 165. Type,
Tyrannus sulphuratus VIEILL.

1 82 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

449. Pitangus derbianus (KAUP).

Derby Flycatcher.

Saurophagus derbianus KAUP, P. Z. S. 1851 (Oct. 1852), 44, pi.

xxx vi.
Pitangus derbianus SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1856 (Jan. 1857), 297.

[B— , C— , R3o8, C364.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to
northern South America.

GENUS MYIOZETETES SCLATER.

Myiozetetes SCL. P. Z. S. 1859, 46. Type, Muscicapa cayennensis
LINN.

[450.] Myiozetetes texensis (GIRAUD).

Giraud's Flycatcher.

Muscicapa texensis GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, pi. i.
Myiozetetes texensis SCL. P. Z. S. 1859, 56.
[B— , C— , R3o9, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — "Texas" (GIRAUD), south to Central America and
northern South America.

GENUS MYIODYNASTES BONAPARTE.

Myiodynastes BONAP. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normand^e, II. 1857,35
(ex BONAP. Comptes Rend. XXXVIII. 1854, 657, nomen
nudum). Type, Muscicapa audax GMEL.

451. Myiodynastes luteiventris SCL.

Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.

Myiodynastes luteiventris SCL. P. Z. S. 1859, 42 (ex BONAP.
Comptes Rend. XXXVIII. 1854, 657, nomen nudum).

[B— , C— , R3io, C365.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, south to Panama.

GENUS MYIARCHUS CABANIS.

Myiarchus CAB. Arch. f. Naturg. 1844, i, 272. Type, Muscicapa
ferox GMEL .

ORDER PASSERES. 183

45-2. Myiarchus crinitus (LINN.).

Crested Flycatcher.

Musdcapa crinita LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 325.
Myiarchus crinitus LIGHT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 16.

[B 130, 0247, R3i2, 0373.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west
to Manitoba and the Plains, south through eastern Mexico to Costa
Rica, Panama and Colombia. Breeds from Florida northward.

453. Myiarchus mexicanus (KAUP).

Mexican Crested Flycatcher.

Tyrannula mexicana KAUP, P. Z. S. 1851, 51.
Myiarchus mexicanus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 179.

[Bi32, C— , R3n, C374.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south-
ward to Guatemala.

453(7. Myiarchus mexicanus magister RIDGW.

Arizona Crested Flycatcher.

Myiarchus mexicanus magister RIDGW. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II.
April 10, 1884, 90.

[B_, C-, R— C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, south into western Mexico.

454. Myiarchus cinerascens (LAWR.).

Ash-throated Flycatcher.

Tyrannula cinerascens LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1851, 121.
Myiarchus cinerascens SCL. & SALV. Ibis, I. Apr. 1859, 121.

[B 13 £, C 248, R 313, C375.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, north to Oregon, Nevada,
Utah, and Colorado, south to Guatemala.

454 a. Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi (RIDGW.).

Nutting's Flycatcher.

Myiarchus nuttingi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882. 394.
Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi ALLEX, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.
IV. Dec. 1892, 346.

184 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B \$\,part, C 248, part, R 31 3, par f, C 375, part]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, southward through western
Mexico to Costa Rica.

[455.] Myiarchus lawrenceii (GIRAUD).

Lawrence's Flycatcher.

Muscicapa lawrenceii GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, 9 (by

actual counting, the text not being paged).
Myiarchus lawrencii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 181.

[B 133, C 248, R 314, C 376.]
GEOG. DIST. — u Texas " (GIRAUD) and eastern Mexico.

455 a. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RIDGW.

Olivaceous Flycatcher.

Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens RIDGW. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II.
April 10, 1884, 91.

[B— C— R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona and western Mexico. Casual at Fort
Lyon, Colorado.

GENUS SAYORNIS BONAPARTE.

Sayornis BONAP. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 87. Type, Tyrannula
nigricans SWAINS.

456. Sayornis phcebe (LATH.).

Phoebe.

Muscicapa phctbt LATHAM, Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 489.
Sayornis phcebe STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 51.

[Bi35, C252, R3i5, C379.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to eastern Colorado
and western Texas, and from the British Provinces south to eastern
Mexico and Cuba, wintering from the South Atlantic and Gulf States
southward. Breeds from South Carolina northward.

ORDER PASSERES. 185

457. Sayornis saya (BOXAP.).

Say's Phoebe.

Muscicapa saya BONAP. Am. Orn. I. 1825, 20.
Sayornis say us BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 185.

[B 136, €250, R 316, C 377.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains (central
North and South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas) to the Pacific ;
north along the Yukon River to the Arctic Circle ; south to Cape
St. Lucas and over the Mexican Plateau to Puebla and central Vera
Cruz. Accidental in Massachusetts.

458. Sayornis nigricans (SWAINS.).

Black Phoebe.

Tyrannula nigricans SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 367.
Sayornis nigricans BONAP. Coll. Delattre, 1854, 87.

[B 134, C 251, R 317, C 378.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from Texas through
southern New Mexico and Arizona to California, and northward
along the Pacific coast to Washington ; south to Cape St. Lucas, Lower
California, and in Mexico to Oaxac*

GENUS CONTOPUS CABANIS.

Contopus CAB. J. f. O. III. Nov. 1855, 479. Type, Muscicapa
virens LINN.

SUBGEXUS NUTTALLORNIS RIDGW.

Nuttallornis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 337. Type, Tyran-
nus borealis SWAINS.

459. Contopus borealis (SWAIXS.).

Olive-sided Flycatcher.

Tyrannus borealis SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Faun. B. A. II.

1831, 141, pi. 35.
Contopus borealis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 188.

1 86 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 137, C 253, R 318, C 380.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, breeding from the northern and
the higher mountainous parts of the United States northward to
British Columbia and the Saskatchewan River. Accidental on the
Lower Yukon and in Greenland. In winter, south to Central
America, Colombia, and northern Peru.

SUBGENUS CONTOPUS CABANIS.

460. Contopus pertinax CAB.

Coues's Flycatcher.

Myiarchus pertinax LIGHT. Nomen. Mus. Berol. 1854, 16 (nomen

nudum).
Contopus pertinax CAB. Mus. Hein. II. Sept. 30, 1859, 72.

[B— , C 254, R 319, C 381.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of southern and central Arizona, south
through Mexico to Guatemala.

461. Contopus virens (LINN.).

Wood Pewee.

Muscicapa virens LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327.
Contopus virens CAB. J. f. O. 1855, 479.

[B 139, C 255, R 320, C 382.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and
from southern Canada southward, migrating through eastern Mexico
and Honduras to Colombia and Ecuador. Breeds from Florida to
Newfoundland.

462. Contopus richardsonii (SWAINS.).

Western Wood Pewee.

Tyrannula richardsonii SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. F. B. A. II.

1831, 146, pi. 46, lower fig.
Contopus richardsonii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 189.

[B 138, C 2550, R32i, C383.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, north to British Columbia and the interior of British America,
south through Central America to Colombia.

ORDER PASSERES. 187

462 a. Contopus richardsonii peninsulas BREWST.

Large-billed Wood Pewee.

Contopus richardsonii peninsula BREWST. Auk, VIII. April, 1891,
144.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.

GENUS EMPIDONAX CABANIS.

Empidonax CAB. J. f. O. 1855, 480. Type, Tyrannula pusilla
SWAINS.

463. Empidonax flaviventris BAIRD.

Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.

Tyrannula flaviventris BAIRD (W. M. & S. R), Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.

Phila. July, 1843, 283.
Empidonax flaviventris BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 198.

[B 144, C 259, R322, C388.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America west to the Plains, and from
southern Labrador south through eastern Mexico to Panama, breed-
ing from the Northern States northward. Casual in Greenland.

464. Empidonax difficilis BAIRD.

Western Flycatcher.

Empidonax difficilis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 198 (in text).
[B 144*, C 2sg,Jart, R 323, C 389.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific ; south to Cape St. Lucas and through western Mexico to
Costa Rica ; north to southern Alaska.

464.1. Empidonax cineritius BREWST.

St. Lucas Flycatcher.

Empidonax cineritius BREWST. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 90.

[B— , C— > R- C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

1 88 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

465. Empidonax virescens (VIEILL.).

Green-crested Flycatcher.

Platyrhynchos virescens VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXVII.

1818, 22.
Empidonax virescens BREWST. Auk, XII. April, 1895, 157.

[B 143, C 256, R 324, C 384.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New York
and southern Michigan, west to the Plains, south to Cuba and Costa
Rica. Rare or casual in southern New England (Hyde Park, Mass.).

466. Empidonax traiUii (AUD.).

TrailPs Flycatcher.

Muscicapa traillii AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 236.
Empidonax traillii BAIRD, Bds. N". Am. 1858, 193.

[B 141, C 257^, R325, C386.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Mississippi
Valley (Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan) to the Pacific, and from the
Fur Countries south into Mexico.

466 a. Empidonax traillii alnorum BREWST.

Alder Flycatcher.

Empidonax traillii alnorum BREWST. Auk, XII. April, 1895, 161.
[B 140, C 257, R 3250, C 385.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, from the Maritime Prov-
inces and New England westward at least to northern Michigan,
etc., breeding from the southern edge of the Canadian Fauna north-
ward ; in winter south to Central America.

467. Empidonax minimus BAIRD.

Least Flycatcher.

Tyrannula minima BAIRD (W. M. & S. F.), Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.

Phila. July, 1843, 284.
Empidonax minimus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 195.

[B 142, C 258, R 326, C 387.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly eastern North America, west to eastern
Colorado and central Montana, south in winter to Central America.
Breeds from the Northern States northward.

ORDER PASSERES. 189

468. Empidonax hammondi (XANTUS).

Hammond's Flycatcher.

Tyrannula hammondi XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. May,

1858, 117.
Empidonax hammondi BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 199.

[B 145, C26o, R 327, C39o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the western border
of the Plains westward, north to Lesser Slave Lake and Alaska, and
south to southern Mexico.

469. Empidonax wrightii BAIRD.

Wright's Flycatcher.

Empidonax wrightii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 200 (in text).

[B 146, C 261, R 328, C39i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, north to Oregon and Mon-
tana, and south to southern Mexico.

469.1. Empidonax griseus BREWST.

Gray Flycatcher.

Empidotiax griseus BREWST. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 87.

[B— C— , R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California and portions of Sonora. (Ari-
zona ?)

[470.] Empidonax fulvifrons (GIRAUD).

Fulvous Flycatcher.

Muscicapa fulvifrons GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Tex. B. 1841, pi. ii.
Empidonax fulvifrons SCL. P. Z. S. 1858, 301.

[B— C— R329, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — " Texas " (GIRAUD), and eastern Mexico.

470 a. Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus (COUES).

Buff-breasted Flycatcher.

Empidonax pygmceus COUES, Ibis, 1865, 537-
Empidonax fulvifrons pygm&us RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 356.

[B — , C 262, R 329*, C 392.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western New Mexico and southern Arizona, south
into western Mexico.

190 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS PYROCEPHALUS GOULD.

Pyrocephalus GOULD, Zool. Voy. Beag. 1841, 44. Types, " Pyro-
cephalus parvirostris (GOULD), Wb&Muscicapa coronata (Auer.)."

471. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (SCL.).

Vermilion Flycatcher.

Pyrocephalus mexicanus SCL. P. Z. S. 1859, 45.
Pyrocephalus rubineus var. mexicanus COUES, Key, 1872, 177.

[B 147* C 263, R 330, C 394.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern and central Arizona, southwestern Utah,
and the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south to Lower
California and Guatemala.

GENUS ORNITHION HARTLAUB.

Ornithion HARTLAUB, J. f. O. 1853, 35. Type, O, mermeHARTL.

472. Ornithion imberbe (SCL.).

Beardless Flycatcher.

Camptostoma imberbe SCL. P. Z. S. 1857, 203.
Ornithion imberbe LAWR. Ibis, 1876, 497.

[B— , C— , R33i, C393.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south
into eastern Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.

472 a. Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi BREWST.

Ridgway'B Flycatcher.

Ornithium imberbe ridgwayi BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. VII.
Oct. 1882,208.

[B— C-, R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, south in Mexico to Puebla and
Jalisco.

ORDER PASSERES.

SUBORDER OSCINES. SONG BIRDS.
FAMILY ALAUDID^B. LARKS.

GENUS ALAUDA LINN^US.

Alauda LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165. Type, by elimination,
A. arvensis LINN.

[473.] Alauda arvensis LINN.

Skylark.

Alauda arvensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 165.

[B — , C 55 bis, R 299, C 88.]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and Asia. Accidental in Greenland and
Bermuda.

GENUS OTOCORIS BONAPARTE.

Otocoris BONAP. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, II. 1838, 407.
Type, Alauda alpestris LINN.

474. Otocoris alpestris (LINN.).

Horned Lark.

Alauda alpestris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 166.
Otocoris alpestris BONAP. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, II.
1838. 407.

[B 302, C 53, R 300, C 82.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northeastern North America, Greenland, and
northern parts of the Old World ; in winter south in eastern
United States to the Carolinas, Illinois, etc.

192 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

474 a. Otocoris alpestris leucolsema (COUES).

Pallid Horned Lark.

Eremophila alpestris b. leucolama COUES, B. N. W. 1875, 3^ (part).
Otocoris alpestris leucolama STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
June 5, 1882, 34.

[B — , C 53£, R 3000, C 83.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of British America, and Alaska, south in
winter into western United States.

474 b. Otocoris alpestris praticola HENSH.

Prairie Horned Lark.

O\tocorys\ alpestris praticola HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 264.
[B — , C -, R - C -.]

GEOG. DIST. — Upper Mississippi Valley and the region of the
Great Lakes to New England, breeding eastward to northeastern
New York and western Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont,
and migrating south to South Carolina, Texas, etc.

474 <r. Otocoris alpestris arenicola HENSH.

Desert Horned Lark.

O\tocorys\ alpestris arenicola HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 265.
[B-, C- R- C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Great Plains and Great Basin of the United States,
south in winter to northern Mexico.

474 d. Otocoris alpestris giraudi HENSH.

Texan Horned Lark.

Otocorys alpestris giraudi HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 266.

[B— , C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Eastern and southeastern Texas.

474 <?. Otocoris alpestris chrysolaema (WAGL.).

Mexican Horned Lark.

Alauda chrysolama WAGL. Isis, 1831, 530.

Otocoris alpestris chrysolcema STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
June 5, 1882, 34.

ORDER PASSERES.

[B— , C 53^, RSOO^, C84.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast district of California (north to Nicasio),
northern Lower California, and parts of Mexico (Mirador, Vera
Cruz, Valley of Mexico, etc.).

474/. Otocoris alpestris rubea HENSH.

Ruddy Horned Lark.

O\tocorys\ alpestris rubeus HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 267.

[B-, C- R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, California.

474^. Otocoris alpestris strigata HENSH.

Streaked Horned Lark.

O\tocoryi\ alpestris strigata HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 267.

[B-, C- R-, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of Washington, Oregon, and British
Columbia. Islands off coast of southern California.

474 h. Otocoris alpestris adusta DWIGHT.

Scorched Horned Lark.

Otocoris alpestris adusta DWIGHT, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 148.

[B-, C-, R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and New Mexico, western Texas,
and southward into Mexico.

474 *. Otocoris alpestris merrilli DWIGHT.

Dusky Horned Lark.

Otocoris alpestris merrilli DWIGHT, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 153.

[B- C- R-, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Oregon, Washington, and British Colum-
bia, between the Cascade and Rocky Mountains ; southward in
winter into Nevada and California.

47 4/ Otocoris alpestris paUida TOWNSEND.

Sonoran Horned Lark.

Otocoris alpestris pallida TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
XIII, 1890, 138.

[B— C-, R-, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California and Sonora.

13

194 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

FAMILY CORVIDJE. CROWS, JAYS, MAGPIES, ETC.
SUBFAMILY GARRULINJE. MAGPIES AND JAYS.

GENUS PICA BRISSON.
Pica BRISS. Orn. II. 1760, 35. Type, Corvus pica LINN.

475. Pica pica hudsonica (SAB.).

American Magpie.

Corvus hudsonicus SAB. App. Frankl. Journ. 1823, 25, 671.
Pica pica hudsonica JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 94.

[B 432, C 233, R 286, C 347-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern and western North America, from the
Plains to the Cascade Mountains and north to Alaska; casually
east and south to Michigan (accidental in northern Illinois in
winter), and in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Arizona.
Replaced in California, west of the Sierra Nevada, by the next
species.

476. Pica nuttalli AUD.

Yellow-billed Magpie.

Pica nuttalli AUD. Orn. Biog. IV. 1838, 450, pi. 362.
[B 433, C 2330, R 287, C 348.]

GEOG. DIST. — California, west of the Sierra Nevada, from Sacra-
mento Valley south to about latitude 34°, locally distributed.

GENUS CYANOCITTA STRICKLAND.

Cyanocitta STRICKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 2^)I- Type,
Corvus cristatus LINN.

477. Cyanocitta cristata (LINN.).

Blue Jay.

Corvus cristatus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 106.
Cyanocitta cristata STRICKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 2^x<

ORDER PASSERES. 195

[B 434, C 234, R 289, C 349-]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, and from the
Fur Countries south to Florida and eastern Texas.

477 a. Cyanocitta cristata florincola COUES.

Florida Blue Jay.

Cyanocitta cristata florincola COUES, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 421.
[B— , C— , R— ,C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida and the Gulf coast to southeastern Texas,
casually along the coast to southwestern Texas.

478. Cyanocitta stelleri (GMEL.).

Steller's Jay.

Corvus stelleri GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 370.

Cyanocitta stelleri STRICKL. Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. 1845, 2^i-

[B 435, C 235» R 29°> C 350.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from Sitka south
through the Cascade and Coast Ranges to Monterey Bay.

4780. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis (Rmcw.).

Blue-fronted Jay.

Cyanura stelleri var. frontalis RIDGW. Am. Journ. Sc. & Arts,

3d ser. V. Jan. 1873, 41.
Cyanocitta stelleri vzt. frontalis BOUCARD, Cat. Av. 1876, 279.

[B— C 235^, R 2900, C 353.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern coast ranges and Sierra Nevada of Cali-
fornia and western Nevada, from Fort Crook south to northern
Lower California.

478 £. Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha (BAIRD).

Long-crested Jay.

Cyanocitta macrolopha BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 11 8.
Cyanocitta stelleri macrolopha COUES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. V.
April, 1880, 98.

196 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 436, C 235^, R 290^, 290^, C 352.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Rocky Mountains, southern Arizona and
northwestern Mexico.

478 c. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens (BAIRD).
Black-headed Jay.

\_Cyanura stelleri'] var. annectens BAIRD, Hist. N. Am. B. II.

1874, 281, in text.
Cyanocitta stelleri annectens RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.

1880, 184.

[B 436, part, C 2$$a,part, R 29 o£, C 352,/^r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Rocky Mountains, south to Wahsatch
range, west to eastern Oregon and Washington.

GENUS AFHELOCOMA CABANIS.

Aphelocoma CABANIS, Mus. Hein. I. Oct. 15, 1851, 221. Type,
Garrulus calif ornicus VIG.

479. Aphelocoma floriclana (BARTR.)

Florida Jay.

Corvus floridanus BARTR. Trav. Carol. 1791, 291.
Aphelocoma floridana CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1851, 221.

[B439, C 236, R 291, C 354.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida, of local distribution.

480. Aphelocoma woodhouseii (BAIRD).

Woodliouse's Jay.

Cyanocitta woodhouseii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 585, pi. 59.
Aphelocoma woodhousii RIDGW. Field and Forest, June, 1877, 208.

[B 438, C 236^, R 292, C 355.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the desert ranges of
southern California north to eastern Oregon, east to Montana, Wyo-
ming, Colorado and New Mexico, and south to northern Mexico.

ORDER PASSERES. 197

480.1. Aphelocoma cyanotis RIDGW.

Blue-eared Jay.

Aphelocoma cyanotis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. Bds. 1887, 357.
[B-,C- R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Mexico, ranging northward into western
Texas.

481. Aphelocoma calif ornica (Vic.).

California Jay.

Garrulus calif ornicus VIG. Zool. Beech. Voy. 1839, 2I> ?!• v-
Aphelocoma calif ornica CAB. Mus. Hein. I. Oct. 15, 1851, 221.

[B 437, C 236^, R 293, C 356.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, including both slopes of the
Sierra Nevada, from the Columbia River to northern Lower Cali-
fornia.

481 #. Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca RIDGW.

Xantus's Jay.

Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,
356.

[B 437,/ar/, C 2^b,part, R 293, part, C 356>-A^-]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, from Cape St. Lucas north to

Lat. 28°.

48 1£. Aphelocoma calif ornica obscura ANTHONY.

Beld ing's Jay.

Aphelocoma californica obscura ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci.
2d ser. II. Oct. n, 1889, 75.

[B-, C-, R— C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.

481.1. Aphelocoma insularis HENSH.

Santa Cruz Jay.

Aphelocoma insularis HENSH. Auk, III. Oct. 1886, 452.

[B— , C- R— C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Santa Cruz Island, southern California.

198 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

482. Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae RIDGW.

Arizona Jay.

Cyanodtta tiltramarina var. arizonce RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V.

Dec. 1873, 199.
Aphelocoma sieberii arizoncz RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 355.

[B 440, C 237, R 295, C 357.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and southward
into Sonora and Chihuahua.

GENUS XANTHOURA BONAPARTE.

Xanthoura BONAP. Consp. Av. I. May 6, 1850, 380. Type,
Corvus yncas BODD.

483. Xanthoura luxuosa (LESS.).

Green Jay.

Garrulus luxuosus LESS. Rev. Zool. 1839, I0°-
Xanthoura luxuosa BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 380.

[B 442, C 238, R 296, C 358.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward in eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz and Puebla.

GENUS FERISOREUS BONAPARTE.

Perisoreus BONAP. Saggio, 1831, 43. Type, Corvus infaustus
LINN.

484. Ferisoreus canadensis (LINN.).

Canada Jay.

Corvus canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 158.
Perisoreus canadensis BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 27.

[B 443, C 239, R 297, C 359.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern New York, northern New England, and
northern Michigan, northward to Arctic America.

ORDER PASSERES. 199

4840. Ferisoreus canadensis capitalis RIDGW.

Rocky Mountain Jay.

Perisoreus canadensis var. capitalis "BAIRD MS." RIDGW. Bull.
Essex Inst. V. Nov. 1873, 193.

[B— , C 239^, R 2970, €362.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States, south
to New Mexico and Arizona.

484 £. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons RIDGW.

Alaskan Jay.

Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
March 27, 1880, 5.

[B— , C— R 297^, C36o.]
GEOG. DIST. — Alaska, except southern coast district.

484 c. Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus RIDGW.

Labrador Jay.

Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
V. June 5, 1882, 15.

[B-, C- R-, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast district of Labrador, north to Ungava Bay.

485. Perisoreus obscurus (RIDGW.).

Oregon Jay.

Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. Nov.

1873, 194.
Perisoreus obscurus SHARPE, Brit. Mus. Cat. B. III. 1877, 105.

[B— , C 2390, R298, C 361.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast, from the northern Sierra Nevada
and Humboldt Bay, in California, to British Columbia.

SUBFAMILY CORVIN2E. CROWS.

GENUS CORVUS LINNAEUS.

Corvus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 105. Type, by elimination,
C. corax LINN.

200 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

486. Corvus corax sinuatus (WAGL.).

American Raven.

Corvus sinuatus WAGLER, I sis, 1829, 748.

Corvus corax sinuatus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

355-

[B 423, 424, C 226, R 280, C 338.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains
westward, and south to Guatemala.

486 a. Corvus corax principalis RIDGW.

Northern Raven.

Corvus corax principalis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 361.

[B 423, part, C 226, part, R impart, C 338, /<zr/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, south to British Colum-
bia, northern Michigan, New Brunswick, Maine, New Jersey, North
Carolina, etc.

487. Corvus cryptoleucus COUCH.

White-necked Raven.

Corvus cryptoleucus COUCH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1854,
66.

[6425, C227, R28i, C339.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from Texas
to southern California, north to Colorado and western Kansas, south
into northern Mexico.

488. Corvus americanus AUD.

American Crow.

Corvus americanus AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 317.

[B 426, C 228, R 282, C 340.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, from the Fur Countries to the south-
ern border of the United States. Locally distributed in the West.

488 a. Corvus americanus florid anus BAIRD.

Florida Crow.

Corvus americanus var. floridanus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 568.

[B 427, C 228^, R 2820, C 341.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida.

ORDER PASSERES. 2OI

489. Corvus caurinus BAIRD.

Northwest Crow.

Corvus caurinus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 569.
[B 428, C 228^, R 282^, C 342.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast, from California to Sitka.

490. Corvus ossifragus WILS.

Fish Crow.

Corvus ossifragus WILS. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 27, pi. 37, fig. 2.

[B 429, C 229, R 283, C 343-]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic and Gulf coasts, from southern Connec-
ticut to Louisiana. Common in the lower Hudson Valley ; casual in
Massachusetts.

GENUS NUCIFRAGA BRISSON.
Nucifraga BRISSON, Orn. II. 1760, 58. Type, N. caryocatactes .

SUBGENUS PICICORVUS BONAPARTE.

Picicorvus BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 384. Type, Corvus
columbianus WILS.

491. Nucifraga columbiana (WILS.).

Clarke's Nutcracker.

Corvus columbianus WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 29, pi. 20, fig. 3.
Nucifraga columbiana AUD. Orn. Biog. IV. 1834, 459.

[B 430, C 230, R 284, C 344-]

GEOG. DIST. — Higher coniferous forests of western North Amer-
ica, from the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific,
and from Putnam River, Alaska, south to Arizona and northern
Lower California. Accidental in Kansas, Missouri and Arkansas.

GENUS CYANOCEPHALTJS BONAPARTE.

Cyanocephalus BONAP. Oss. Stat. Zool. Eur. Vertebr. 1842, 17.
Type, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WIED.

2O2 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

492. Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (WIED).

Pinon Jay.

Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WIED, Reise N. Amer. II. 1841, 21.
Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus STEJN. Auk, I. 1884, 230.

[B43i, C 231, R 285, €345.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, west to the Cascade Range and
the Sierra Nevada, and from British America south to northern
Lower California. Accidental in eastern Kansas and eastern
Nebraska.

FAMILY STURNID-S3. STARLINGS.

GENUS STURNUS LINNAEUS.

Sturnus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167. Type, by elimination,
S. vulgaris LINN.

[493.] Sturnus vulgaris LINN.

Starling.

Sturnus vulgaris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167.

[B— , C— R279, C363.]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe and northern Asia ; accidental in Green-
land. Introduced and apparently well-established in the vicinity of
New York city.

FAMILY ICTERIDJE. BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC.

GENUS DOLICHONYX SWAINSON.

Dolichonyx SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. June, 1827, 435. Type,
Fringilla oryzivora LINN.

494. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (LINN.).

Bobolink.

Fringilla oryzivora LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 179.
Dolichonyx oryzivorus SWAINS. Zool. Jour. III. 1827, 351.

ORDER PASSERES. 203

[B399, C2io, R257, €312.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to Montana, eastern
Nevada, Utah, and Idaho ; north to Ontario, and the southern parts
of Manitoba, Assiniboia, and Alberta ; south, in winter, to the West
Indies and South America. Breeds from the Middle States north-
ward, and winters south of the United States.

GENUS MOLOTHRUS SWAINSON.

Molothrus SWAINS. F. B. A. II. 1831, 277. Type, Fringilla
pecoris GMEL. = Oriolus ater BODD.

495. Molothrus ater (BODD.).

Cowbird.

Oriolus ater BODD. Tabl. PI. Enlum. 1783, 37.
Molothrus ater GRAY, Handl. B. II. 1870, 36.

[B 400, C 21 1, R258, €313.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
north into southern British America, south, in winter, into Mexico.

495 rt. Molothrus ater obscurus (GMEL.).

Dwarf Cowbird.

Sturnus obscurus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 804.
M\olothrus~\ ater var. obscurus COUES, B. N. W. 1874, 180, in
text.

[B— , C2ii0, R 2580, €314.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern United States, from Texas to southern
Arizona and Lower California, south into Mexico.

GENUS CALLOTHRTTS CASSIN.

CaUothrus CASS. Proc. Ac. Nat Sci. Phil. 1866, 18. Type,
Psarocolius czneus WAGL.

204 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

496. Callothrus robustus (CAB.).

Red-eyed Cowbird.

Molothrus robustus CAB. Mus. Hein. I. Sept. 1851, 193, foot-
note.
Callothrus robustus RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 589.

[B- C- R259, 0315-]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward to Panama.

GENUS XANTHOCEPHALUS BONAPARTE.

Xanthocephalus BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 431. Type, Icterus
icterocephalus BONAP. = /. xanthocephalus BONAP.

497. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (BONAP.).

Yellow-headed Blackbird.

Icterus xanthocephalus BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V.

1826, 223.
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884,

92.

[B 404, C 213, R 260, C 319.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from Wisconsin, Illinois
and Texas to the Pacific coast, and from British Columbia and the
Saskatchewan River southward to the Valley of Mexico. Accidental
in Ontario and the Atlantic States (Massachusetts, District of
Columbia, South Carolina, Florida).

GENUS AG-ELAIUS VIEILLOT.

Agelaius VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Oriolus phceniceus
LINN.

498. Agelaius phceniceus (LINN.).

Red-winged Blackbird.

Oriolus phceniceus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 161.
Agelaius phozniceus VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.
1819, 539-

ORDER PASSERES. 205

[B 401, C 212, R 261, C 316.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, from Great Slave Lake
south to Costa Rica, excepting western Mexico and the lower Colo-
rado Valley, southern Florida, the Gulf coast of Louisiana, and the
lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas during the breeding season.

498 a. Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis RIDGW.

Sonoran Red-wing.

Agelaius phceniceus sonoriensis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 370.

[B 401, part, C 212, part, R 261, part, C 316, part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Mexico and contiguous borders of the
United States, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley and southern
Arizona north to the lower Colorado Valley, California, and ChilH-
wack, British Columbia.

498 £. Agelaius phoeniceus bryanti RIDGW.

Bahaman Red-wing.
Agelaius ph&niceus bryanti RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 370.

[B 401, part, C 2\2.,part, R 261, part, C 316, part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Bahamas and southern Florida, west to the Gulf
coast of Louisiana (Lake Borgne), south to Yucatan and Nicaragua.

499. Agelaius gubernator (WAGL.).

Bicolored Blackbird.

Psarocolius gubernator WAGL. Isis, IV. 1832, 281.
Agelaius gubernator BONAP. P.Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), no.

[B 402, C 2120, R 261*7, C 317.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast districts, from western Washington,
south to Lower California, west of the Cascades and the Sierra
Nevada. Casually to western Nevada and southeastern California
(Inyo Co.).

500. Agelaius tricolor (Auo.).

Tricolored Blackbird.

Icterus tricolor " NUTT." AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, P^- 3^8, fig. i.
Agelaius tricolor BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 29.

[B4o3, C 212*, R262, C3i8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern Oregon, south through California,
west of the Sierra Nevada, to northern Lower California.

206 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS STURNELLA VIEILLOT.

Analyse, 1816, 34. Type, Alauda magna LINN.

501. Sturnella magna LINN.).

Meadowlark.

Alauda magna LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 167.
Sturnella magna SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436.

[B4o6, C 214, R 263, €320.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada to the
Plains. Breeds from the Gulf of Mexico northward.

501 a. Sturnella magna mexicana (SCL.).

Mexican Meadowlark.

Sturnella mexicana SCL. Ibis, 1861, 179.

Sturnella magna var. mexicana B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. II.
1874, 172.

[B— , C— , R263tf, C32i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande and southern Ari-
zona, and south through eastern and central Mexico to Panama.

501 b. Sturnella magna neglecta (AUD.).

Western Meadowlark.

Sturnella neglecta AUD. B. Am. VII. 1843, 339» P*- 4^7-
Sturnella magna var. neglecta ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. No. 2,
July, 1872, 178.

[B 407, C 2140, R 264, C 322.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from Wisconsin, Illinois,
Iowa, Texas, etc., west to the Pacific coast and north to British
Columbia and Manitoba, south through central and western Mexico
to Guanajuato and Jalisco.

GENUS ICTERUS BRISSON.

SUBGENUS ICTERUS.

Icterus BRISS. Orn. II. 1760, 85. Type, by elimination, Oriolus
icterus LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 2Oy

[502.] Icterus icterus (LINN.).

Troupial.

Oriolus icterus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 161.

Icterus icterus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B4o8, C— R265, €323.]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies (introduced) and northern South
America. Accidental at Charleston, S. C. (AUDUBON).

503. Icterus audubonii GIRAUD.

Audubon's Oriole.

Icterus audubonii GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, 3.
[B 409, C 220, R 266, C 330.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward in Mexico to Oaxaca.

504. Icterus parisorum BONAP.

Scott's Oriole.
Icterus parisorum BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), no.

[B4ii, C 219, R 268, C 329.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from western Texas to
southern California; north to northern New Mexico, southwestern
Utah, southern Nevada, and California to Lat. 38° east of the Sierra
Nevada ; south to Lower California and on the tablelands of Mexico
to Puebla and Vera Cruz.

SUBGENUS FENDULINT7S VIEILLOT.

Pendulinus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Oriolus spurius
LINN.

505. Icterus cucullatus SWAINS.

Hooded Oriole.

Icterus cucullatus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436.

[B4i3, C 218, R 269, C328.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward through eastern and southern Mexico to British Honduras.

^

208 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

505 a. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni RIDGW.

Arizona Hooded Oriole.

Icterus cucullatus nelsoni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. VIII.
April 20, 1885, 19.

[B-, C- R- C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona,
west to Santa Barbara, California, and south to Mazatlan and Cape
St. Lucas.

506. Icterus spurius (LINN.).

Orchard Oriole.

Oriolus spurius LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 162.

Icterus spurius BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. III. 1823,363.

[B 414, C 215, R 270, C 324.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to the southern por-
tions of New England, New York, Ontario, Michigan, and North
Dakota, west to the Plains, south, in winter, to northern Colombia.
Breeds throughout its United States range.

SUBGENUS YPHANTES VIEILLOT.

Yphantes VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, Coracias galbula
LINN.

507. Icterus galbula (LINN.).

Baltimore Oriole.

Coracias galbula LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 108.

Icterus galbula COUES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. V. Apr. 1880, 98.

[B4i5, C 216, R27i, C326.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to Ontario and Man-
itoba, west nearly to the Rocky Mountains, south, in winter, through
Mexico to Colombia.

508. Icterus bullocki (SWAINS.).

Bullock's Oriole.

Xanthornus bullocki SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 436.
Icterus bullocki BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 29.

ORDER PASSERES. 209

[6416, C 217, R 272, €327.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tablelands of Mexico, from Puebla and Valley of
Mexico north through the western United States to Manitoba and
British Columbia east of the Cascades, and from the western portion
of the Plains to the Pacific.

GENUS SCOLECOPHAG-US SWAINSON.

Scolecophagus SWAINS. F. B. A. II. 1831, 286. Type, Oriolus
ferrugineus GMEL. = Turdus carolinus MULL.

509. Scolecophagus carolinus (MULL.).

Rusty Blackbird.

Turdus carolinus MULLER, Syst. Nat. Suppl. 1776, 140.
Scolecophagus carolinus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
356.

[B 417, C 221, R 273, C33i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to Alaska and the
Plains. Breeds from northern New England, northern New York,
and northern Michigan northward. Accidental in Lower California.

510. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (WAGL.).

Brewer's Blackbird.

Psarocolius cyanocephalus WAGL. Isis, 1829, 758.
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1851, 193.

[B 418, C 222, R 274, C 332.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Plains to the
Pacific, and from the Saskatchewan region south on the highlands of
Mexico to Oaxaca.

GENUS QUISCALUS VIEILLOT.

SUBGENUS QUISCALUS.
Quiscalus VIEILL. Anal. 1816,36. Type, Gracula quiscula LINN.

14

210 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

511. Quiscalus quiscula (LINN.).

Purple Grackle.

Gracula quiscula LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 109.
Quiscalus quiscula JORDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 4, 1884, 93.

[6421, C 225, R 278, 0335.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Alabama, eastern Tennessee, and east of
the Alleghanies from Georgia to Massachusetts.

511 a. Quiscalus quiscula aglceus (BAIRD).

Florida Grackle.

Quiscalus aglceus BAIRD, Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, XLI. Jan. 1866, 84.
Quiscalus quiscula aglceus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 43, foot-note.

[6422, C— , R 278rt, C336.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, and the southern part of the Gulf States to
Texas ; north along the Atlantic coast to Virginia.

51 1£. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus (RIDGW.).

Bronzed Grackle.

Quiscalus ceneus RIDGW. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1869, 134.
Quiscalus quiscula ceneus STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 43, foot-note.

[B— , €2250, R 278^,0337.]

GEOG. DIST. — From the Alleghanies and southern New England
north to Newfoundland and Great Slave Lake, west to the eastern
base of the Rocky Mountains, and south to Louisiana and Texas.
In migrations, the southeastern States, except Florida and the
Atlantic coast district south of Virginia.

SUBGENUS MBGAQUISCALUS CASSIN.

Megaquiscalus CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 409. Type,
Quiscalus major VIEILL.

512. Quiscalus macrourus SWAINS.

Great-tailed Grackle.

Quiscalus macrourus SWAINS. Anim. in Menag. 1838, 299.

[B 419, C 223, R 275, C 333.]
GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Texas, south to Central America.

ORDER PASSERES. 211

513. Quiscalus major VIEILL.

Boat-tailed Grackle.
Quiscalus major VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXVIII. 1819,

487.

[B 420, C 224, R 277, C 334.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of the South Atlantic and Gulf States,
from Virginia to Texas.

FAMILY FRINGILLIDJB. FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC.

GENUS COCCOTHRAUSTES BRISSON.

Coccothraustes BRISS. Orn. III. 1760, 218. Type, Loxia cocco-
thraustes LINN.

SUBGENUS HESPERIPHONA BONAPARTE.

Hcsperiphona BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXXI. Sept. 1850, 424.
Type, Fringilla vespertina COOPER.

514. Coccothraustes vespertinus (Coop.).

Evening Grosbeak.

Fringilla vespertina COOP. Ann. Lye. N. Y. I. ii. 1825, 220.
Coccothraustes vespertina Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
269, pi. 68.

[B 303, C 136, R 165, C 189.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western British Provinces, east to Lake Superior,
and casually to Michigan, Ohio, Ontario, New York, and New
England.

•514 a. Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus (RIDGW.).

Western Evening Grosbeak.

Hesperiphona vespertina var. montana RIDGW. in Hist. N. Am.

Bds., Land Bds., I. 1874, 449.
Coccothraustes vespertina montana MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890,

246.

212 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 303, part, C 136, part, R i6$,part, C i%g, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Pacific coast
eastward to the Rocky Mountains ; southward over the tablelands
of Mexico to Orizaba.

GENUS PINICOLA VIEILLOT.

Pinicola VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv. Type, P. rubra
VIEILL. = Loxia enucleator LINN.

515. Pinicola enucleator (LINN.).

Pine Grosbeak.

Loxia enucleator LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 171.
Pinicola enucleator CAB. in ERSCH & GRUBER, Encycl. ist Sect.
I. 1849, 219.

[B 304, C 137, R 1 66, C 190.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the northern hemisphere, breed-
ing in North America from northern New England, Quebec, the
Rocky Mountains in Colorado, and about Lat. 37° in the Sierra
Nevada, northward nearly to the limit of trees ; south in winter
irregularly into northeastern United States.

GENUS PYRRHULA BRISSON.

Pyrrhula BRISS. Orn. III. 1760, 308. Type, Loxia pyrrhula
LINN.

[516.] Pyrrhula cassini (BAIRD).

Cassin's Bullfinch.

Pyrrhula coccinea var. cassini BAIRD, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci. I.

1869, 316.
Pyrrhula cassini TRISTRAM, Ibis, Apr. 1871, 231.

[B— C 138, R 167, C 191.]
GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Siberia. Accidental at Nulato, Alaska.

GENUS CARPODACUS KAUP.

Carpodacus KAUP, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 161.
Type, Loxia erythrina PALL.

ORDER PASSERES. 213

517. Carpodacus purpureus (GMEL.).

Purple Finch.

Fringilla purpurea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 923.
Carpodacus purpureus GRAY, Gen. B. II. 1844, 384.

[B 305, C 139, R 1 68, C 194.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, from the Atlantic coast to
the'Plains. Breeds from the Middle States northward.

517 a. Carpodacus purpureus californicus BAIRD.

California Purple Finch.

Carpodacus californicus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 413.
Carpodacus purpureus var. californicus B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am.
B. I. 1874, 465.

[B 306, C— , R 1680, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south
in winter to southern California.

518. Carpodacus cassini BAIRD.

Cassin's Purple Finch.

Carpodacus cassini BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854,
119.

[B3o7, C 140, R 169, C 195.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, and south over the plateau
region of Mexico to Mt. Orizaba.

SUBGENUS BURRICA RIDGW.

Burrica RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 390. Type, Fringilla
mexicana MULL.

519. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (SAY).

House Finch.

Fringilla frontalis SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 40.
Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,
391-

214 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[6308, C 141, R 170, C 196.]

GEOG. DIST. — Colorado and western Texas, westward to Oregon
and California, south into Lower California and western Mexico.

519£. Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus RIDGW.

St. Lucas House Finch.

Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,

391, foot-note.
Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,

594-

[B— C i4ia, R 1700, C 197.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, and probably adjacent parts of
Sonora.

520. Carpodacus amplus RIDGW.

Guadalupe House Finch.

Carpodacus amplus RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.
Terr. II. No. 2, April i, 1876, 187.

[B— , C- Ri7i, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

GENUS LOXIA LINNAEUS.

Loxia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 171. Type, by elimination,
Loxia curvirostra LINN.

521. Loxia curvirostra minor (BREHM).

American Crossbill.

Crucirostra minor BREHM, Naumannia, 1853, 193.

Loxia curvirostra minor RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

354-

[B3i8, C 143, R 172, C 199.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, resident sparingly south
in the eastern United States to Maryland and Tennessee, and in the
Alleghanies ; irregularly abundant in winter. Casual at Charleston,
S. C., and New Orleans, La.

ORDER PASSERES. 215

521 a. Loxia curvirostra Strickland! RIDGW.

Mexican Crossbill.

Loxia curvirostra stricklandi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 354.

[B 3180, C 1430, R 1720, C 200.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado, west to the
Sierra Nevada, and south through New Mexico, Arizona, and the
tablelands of Mexico to Guatemala.

522. Loxia leucoptera GMEL.

White-winged Crossbill.

Loxia leucoptera GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 540.
[B3i9, C 142, Ri73, C 198.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of North America, south into the
United States in winter. Breeds from northern New England
northward.

GENUS LEUCOSTICTE SWAINSON.

Leucosticte SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
265. Type, Linaria tephrocotis SWAINS.

523. Leucosticte griseonucha (BRANDT).

Aleutian Leucosticte.

JFringilla (Linaria) griseonucha BRANDT, Bull. Ac. St. P^tersb.

Nov. 1841, 36.
Leucosticte gr is einucha BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 537.

[B 323, C 1440, R 174, C 205.]

GEOG. DIST. — Aleutian Islands, including Kadiak, Unalaska,
Pribilof, and Commander Islands.

524. Leucosticte tephrocotis SWAINS.

Gray-crowned Leucosticte.

Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna

Bor. Am. II. 1831, 265, pi. 50.
Leucosticte tephrocotis SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am.

II. 1831, 494.

2l6 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[6322, C 144, R 175, c 2°3-]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of British America, south in winter through-
out the entire Rocky Mountain region of the United States, but most
abundant on the eastern slope. Known to breed only in the Sierra
Nevada in California.

524 a. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis (BAIRD).

Hepburn's Leucosticte.

Leucosticte littoralis BAIRD, Trans. Chicago Ac. Sci. I. i. 1869,

318, pi. 28, fig. i.
Leucosticte tephrocotis var. littoralis COUES, Key, 1872, 130.

[B— , C— Riysa, C2o4.]

GEOG. DIST. — In summer, probably the interior mountainous
regions of British Columbia ; in winter, northwest coast, from
Kadiak southward, and eastward in the Rocky Mountain region to
Colorado.

525. Leucosticte atrata RIDGW.

Black Leucosticte.

Leucosticte atrata RIDGW. American Sportsman, July 18, 1874,
241 ; Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. 2d ser. No. 2,
May n, 1875, 69.

[B— , C— , R 176, €201.]

GEOG. DIST. — Breeds in the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho, and
probably other northern ranges; in winter, mountains of Colorado
and Utah.

526. Leucosticte australis RIDGW.

Brown-capped Leucosticte.

Leucosticte tephrocotis var. australis " ALLEN MS." RIDGW. Bull.

Essex Inst. V. Dec. 1873, 197.

Leucosticte australis RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.
Terr. 2d ser. No. 2, May n, 1875, 79-

[B— C— , R 177, C 203.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of Colorado, breeding above timber-line,
descending into the valleys in winter ; New Mexico.

ORDER PASSERES. 2iy

GENUS ACANTHIS BECHSTEIN.

Acanthis BECHST. Orn. Tasch. Deutschl. 1803, 125. Type,
Fringilla linaria LINN.

527. Acanthis hornemannii (HOLE.).

Greenland Redpoll.

Linota hornemannii HOLBOLL, Naturh. Tidskr. IV. 1843, 39^-
Acanthis hornemannii STEJN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 152.

[6321, C— , R 178, C 209.]
GEOG. DIST. — Greenland and eastern Arctic America.

527 <7. Acanthis hornemannii exilipes (COUES).

Hoary Redpoll.

sEgiothus exilipes COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 385.
Acanthis hornemannii exilipes STEJN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 152.

[B — , C 146^, R 1780, C 210.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arctic America and northeastern Asia, south in
winter (rarely ? ) to the northern border of the United States.

528. Acanthis linaria (LINN.).

Redpoll.

Fringilla linaria LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 182.
Acanthis linaria BONAP. & SCHLEG. Mon. Lox. 1850, 48.

[B 320, C 146, 1460, R 179, C 207.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of northern hemisphere, south
irregularly in winter, in North America, to the middle United States
(Virginia, Kansas, southeastern Oregon).

528 a. Acanthis linaria holbcellii (BREHM).

HolbblPs Redpoll.

Linaria holbtxllii BREHM. Handb. Vog. Deutschl. 1831, 280.
Acanthis linaria ft. holbozllii DUBOIS, Consp. Av. Europ. 1871, 18.

[B — , C — , R \i<$a,part, C 208, partJ]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of northern hemisphere, near the
seacoast, south in winter to northern New York and Massachusetts.

2l8 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

528 £. Acanthis linaria rostrata (COUES).

Greater Redpoll.

sEgiothus rostratus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 378.
Acanthis linaria rostrata STEJN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 153.

[B— , C— , R \i$a,part, C 2o8,/0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Greenland and northeastern North America, south
irregularly in winter to New England, New York, and northern
Illinois.

GENUS SPINUS KOCH.

Spinus KOCH, Bayr. Zool. 1816, 233. Type, Fringilla spinus
LINN.

529. Spinus tristis (LINN.).

American Goldfinch.

Fringilla tristis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 181.
Spinus tristis STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

[B 313, C 149, Ri8i, C2i3.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America generally, from southern
Labrador, Manitoba and British Columbia south, in winter, to the
northern boundary of Lower California ; breeding southward to the
middle districts of the United States (Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas,
and California), and wintering mainly within the United States.

529 a. Spinus tristis pallidus MEARNS.
Western Goldfinch.

Spinus tristis pallidus MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890, 244.

[B 313, /tf^, C impart, R i8i,/<w/, C 213, part]
GEOG. DIST. — Arizona.

530. Spinus psaltria (SAY).

Arkansas Goldfinch.

Fringilla psaltria SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 40.
Spinus psaltria STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

ORDER PASSERES. 219

[B 314, C 151, R 182, C 215.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, and from southern Oregon, Colorado, and Utah southward
to Cape St. Lucas and Sonora.

530 a. Spinus psaltria arizonae (COUES).

Arizona Goldfinch.

Chrysomitris mexicana var. arizoncz COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.

Phila. 1866, 82.
Spinus psaltria arizonce STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

[B— , C 1510, R 1820, C 216.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern California, southwestern Utah, southern
New Mexico and Arizona, southward into northern Mexico.

530 £. Spinus psaltria mexicanus (SWAINS.).

Mexican Goldfinch.

Carduelis mexicanus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435.
Spinus psaltria mexicanus STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

[B3i5, C 159^, R 182^, C2i7.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south-
ward through Mexico.

531. Spinus lawrencei (CASS.).

Lawrence's Goldfinch.

Carduelis lawrencei CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1851, 105, pi. v.
Spinus lawrencei STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

[B 316, C 150, R 183, C2i4.]

GEOG. DIST. — California west of the Sierra Nevada, from Lat. 40°
south to northern Lower California ; Arizona (Fort Mohave and Fort
Whipple) in winter.

[532.] Spinus notatus (DuBus).

Black-headed Goldfinch.

Carduelis notata DuBus, Bull. Ac. Brux. XIV. pt. 2, 1847, I06-
Spinus notatus STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

220 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B3io, C— , R 184, C 218.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of Guatemala and southern Mexico,
north at least to central Vera Cruz; accidental in Kentucky

(AUDUBON).

533. Spinus pinus (WILS.).

Pine Siskin.

Fringilla pinus WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 133, pi. 17, fig. i.
Spinus pinus STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 362.

[8317, C 148, R 185, C 212.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, breeding in the British
Provinces, Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada, and high mountains of
Arizona, south to Lower California and the mountains of Mexico to
Orizaba. Also breeds sparingly in northeastern United States.

GENUS PLECTROFHENAX STEJNEGER.

Plectrophenax STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 33.
Type, Emberiza nivalis LINN.

534. Plectrophenax nivalis (LINN.).

Snowflake.

Emberiza nivalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 176.
Plectrophenax nivalis STEJN. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 33.

[B325, C 152, R 186, C 219.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the northern hemisphere, breed-
ing in the arctic regions ; in North America south in winter into the
northern United States, irregularly to Georgia, southern Illinois,
Kansas, and Oregon.

534 a. Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi RIDGW.

Pribilof Snowflake.

Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887,
403-

ORDER PASSERES. 221

[B— , C— , R i%6,part, C 219, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pribilof and Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and Com-
mander Islands, Kamchatka.

535. Plectrophenax hyperboreus RIDGW.

McKay's Snowfiake.

Plectrophenax hyperboreus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII.
June n, 1884, 68.

[B-, C— , R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Alaska, breeding on Hall Island (and
propably St. Matthew Island), Bering Sea.

GENUS CALCARIUS BECHSTEIN.

Calcarius BECHST. Taschb. Vog. Deutschl. 1803, 130. Type,
Fringilla lapponica LINN.

536. Calcarius lapponicns (LINN.).

Lapland Longspur.

Fringilla lapponica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 180.

Calcarius lapponicus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882,

33-

[6326, C 153, R 187, C 220.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern portions of the northern hemisphere,
breeding far north ; in North America south in winter to the
northern United States, irregularly to the Middle States, accident-
ally to South Carolina, and abundantly in the interior to Kansas
and Colorado.

537. Calcarius pictus (SWAINS.).

Smith's Longspur.

Emberiza (Plectrophanes} picta SWAINS, in Sw. and RICH. Fauna

Bor. Am. II. 1831, 250, pi. 49.
Calcarius pictus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882, 33.

[6327, C 154, R 188, C 221.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from the Arctic coast
to Illinois and Texas, breeding far north.

222 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

538. Calcarius ornatus (TOWNS.).

Chestnut-collared Longspur.

Plectrophanes ornatus TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII.

1837, '89.
Calcarius ornatus STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5, 1882,

33-

[B328,329, C 155, R l89, C 222.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from the Saskatchewan
Plains south through Texas to Orizaba. Breeds from eastern Mani-
toba, western Minnesota and eastern Nebraska westward and north-
westward into Montana and Assiniboia. Rare west of the Rocky
Mountains. Accidental in Massachusetts.

GENUS RHYNCHOPHANES BAIRD.

Rhynchophanes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 432 (in text). Type,
Plectrophanes mccownii LAWR.

539. Rhynchophanes mccownii (LAWR.).

McCown's Longspur.

Plectrophanes mccownii LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1851, 122.
Rhynchophanes maccownii RIDGW. Field & Forest, II. May, 1877,
197.

[B33o, C 156, R 190, C 223.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from the Sackatchewan
Plains south to Texas and northern Mexico ; breeds from about the
northern border of western Kansas northward throughout Nebraska,
western North and South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana to the
Plains of the Saskatchewan.

GENUS FOOC-ffiTES BAIRD.

Pooc&tes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 447. Type, Fringilla graminea
GMEL.

540. Foocaetes gramineus (GMEL.).

Vesper Sparrow.

Fringilla graminea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 992.
Pooccetes gramineus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 447.

ORDER PASSERES. 223

[B ZZlipart, c l6l> R J97» c 232.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, from Nova
Scotia and Ontario southward; breeds from Virginia, Kentucky,
and Missouri northward.

540 <r. Poocaetes gramineus confinis BAIRD.

Western Vesper Sparrow.

Pooc&tes gramineus var. confinis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 448 (in
text).

[B 3371/^4 C l6itf, R 1970* c 232-]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, north into Manitoba and Assiniboia, south into Lower Cali-
fornia and through Mexico as far as Jalapa, Vera Cruz.

540/>. Poocaetes gramineus affinis MILLER.

Oregon Vesper Sparrow.

Poocates gramineus affinis MILLER, Auk, V. Oct. 1888, 404.

[B 337, part, C i6ia,#art, R igja,part, C 232, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Northern California and western Oregon.

GENUS AMMODRAMUS SWAINSON.

Ammodramus SWAINS. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 348. Type,
Fringilla caudacuta WILSON.

SUBGENUS PASSERCULUS BONAPARTE.

Passerculus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. Type,
Fringilla savanna WILS.

541. Ammodramus princeps (MAYN.).

Ipswich Sparrow.

Passerculus princeps MAYN. Am. Nat. VI. 1872, 637.
Ammodramus princeps RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
354-

224 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C 158, R 192, C225.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic coast, from Nova Scotia south, in winter,
to Georgia. Breeds on Sable Island, Nova Scotia.

542. Ammodramus sandwichensis (GMEL.).

Sandwich Sparrow.

Ember iza sandwichensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 875.
Ammodramus sandwichensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 354.

[B 333, C iS93, R 193, C 226.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast, from the Columbia River to
Unalaska.

542 a. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna (WILS.).

Savanna Sparrow.

Fringilla savanna WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 55, pi. 22, fig. 2.
Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
VIII. 1885, 354.

[B 332, C 159, R 1930, C 227.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from the northern
United States to Labrador and Hudson Bay Territory.

542 £. Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (BONAP.).

Western Savanna Sparrow.

Passerculus alaudinus BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXXVII. 1853, 918.
Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat.
Mus. VIII. 1885, 354-

[B335,C—R 193^,0229.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Plains to the
Pacific coast region, north to the Arctic coast.

542 c. Ammodramus sandwichensis bryanti RIDGW.

Bryant's Marsh Sparrow.

Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

VII. Jan. 19, 1885, 517.

Ammodramus sandwichensis bryanti RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

VIII. 1885, 354.

ORDER PASSERES. 225

[B 33 4, part, C 1590, part, R 194, part, C 228, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, and south
along the coast in winter to southern California.

543. Ammodramus beldingi RIDGW.

Belding's Marsh Sparrow.

Passerculus beldingi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Jan. 19,

1885, 516.
Ammodramus beldingi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

354-

[B 334, part, C 1590, part, R 194, part, C 228, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes of the Pacific coast, from Santa Bar-
bara south to Todos Santos Island, Lower California.

544. Ammodramus rostratus CASS.

Large-billed Sparrow.

Emberiza rostrata CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, 348.
Ammodramus rostratus CASS. Illustr. B. Cal. Tex. etc. 1855, 226,
pl. 38.

[B336, C 160, R 196, C 230.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of southern California, south in winter to
Cape St. Lucas and northwestern Mexico.

544 #. Ammodramus rostratus guttatus (LAWR.).

St. Lucas Sparrow.

Passerculus guttatus LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VIII. 1867, 473-
Ammodramus rostratus guttatus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 355.

[B— , C 1600, R 195, C 231.]
G-EOG. DIST. — Southern Lower California.

SUBGENUS CENTRONYX BAIRD.

Centronyx BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 440. Type, Emberiza
bairdii AUD.

15

226 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

545. Ammodramus bairdii (AUD.).

Baird's Sparrow.

Emberiza bairdii AUD. B. Am. VII. 1843, 359, pi. 500.
Ammodramus bairdi GIEBEL, Thes. Orn. I. 1872, 328.

[B 331, C 157, i57&>, R 191, C 224.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from the plains of the
Red River and Saskatchewan south to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
and Chihuahua.

SUBGENUS COTURNICULUS BONAPARTE.

Coturniculus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 32. Type,
Fringilla passerina WILS.

546. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus (WILS.).

Grasshopper Sparrow.

Fringilla passerina WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 76, pi. 26, fig. 5.
Ammodramus savannarum passerinus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 338, part, C 162, R 198, C 234.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west
to the Plains, south, in winter, to Florida, Cuba, Porto Rico, and
coast of Central America.

546 a. Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus (COUES).

Western Grasshopper Sparrow.

Coturniculus passerinus var. perpallidus " RIDGW. MS." COUES,

Key, 1872, 137.
Ammodramus savannarum perpallidus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat.

Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 338, part, C 162*, R 198*, C 235.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific coast, south to Cape St. Lucas and the tablelands of Mexico.

547. Ammodramus henslowii (AUD.).

Henslow's Sparrow.

Emberiza henslowii AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 360, pi. 77.
Ammodromus henslowi GRAY, Gen. B. II. June, 1849, 374-

ORDER PASSERES. 227

[B 339>/^» C l63> P<*rt, R 199, part, C 236, /<zr/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to
southern New England and Ontario.

547 a. Ammodramus henslowii occidentalis BREWST.

Western Heiislow's Sparrow.

Ammodramus henslowii occidentalis BREWST. Auk, VIII. April,
1891, 145.

[B ZW,part, C 163, part, R 199, part, C 2 36, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — South Dakota.

548. Ammodramus leconteii (AUD.).

Leconte's Sparrow.

Emberiza leconteii AUD. B. Am. VII. 1843, 33^, pi. 488.
Ammodromus leconteii GRAY, Gen. B. II. June, 1849, 374.

[B34o, C 164, R2oo, C 237.]

GEOG. DIST. — From the Plains eastward to Illinois and Indiana,
and from Manitoba south in winter to South Carolina, Florida, and
Texas.

SUBGENUS AMMODRAMUS.

Ammodramus SWAINS. Zool. Jour. III. 1827, 348. Type,
Oriolus caudacutus GMEL.

549. Ammodramus caudacutus (GMEL.).

Sharp-tailed Sparrow.

Oriolus caudacutus GMEL. S. N. I. i. 1788, 394.
Ammodramus caudacuta SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 289.

[B 341, C 166, R 201, C 240.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, from southern
New England to Maryland, and south in winter to the Gulf coast.

549#. Ammodramus caudacutus nelsoni ALLEN.

Nelson's Sparrow.

Ammodromus caudacutus var. nelsoni ALLEN, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. XVII. March, 1875, 293-

228 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C— , R 2010, C 241.]

GEOG. DIST. — Fresh marshes of the interior, from northern Illinois
northward to North Dakota and Manitoba ; south in winter to Texas ;
in migrations visits the Atlantic coast (New England and Lower
Hudson Valley to Charleston, S. C.). Accidental in California.

549 b. Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus DWIGHT.

Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow.

Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus DWIGHT, Auk, IV. July,
1887, 233.

[B — , C — , R 20-Ljpart, C 240, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of southern New Brunswick, Prince Edward
Island (and probably Nova Scotia), and southward in migration to
South Carolina.

550. Ammodramus maritimus (WILS.).

Seaside Sparrow.

Fringilla maritima WILS. Am. Orn. VII. 1811, 68, pi. 24, fig. 2.
Ammodramus maritimus SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 289.

[B342, C l65, R202, C 238.]

GEOG. DIST. — Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast, from Connecti-
cut southward to Georgia. Accidental in Massachusetts.

550 #. Ammodramus maritimus peninsulas ALLEN.

Scott's Seaside Sparrow.

Ammodramus maritimus peninsula ALLEN, Auk, V. July, 1888,
284.

[B 34,2, part, C impart, R 2°2,part, C 23%, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Carolina to northern Florida; Gulf coast
from Florida to Texas.

550 £. Ammodramus maritimus sennetti ALLEN.

Texas Seaside Sparrow.

Ammodramus maritimus sennetti ALLEN, Auk, V. July, 1888,
286.

[B— , C— , R202,/ar/, C 238,/*r/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of Texas (Corpus Christi).

ORDER PASSERES. 229

551. Ammodramus nigrescens RIDGW.

Dusky Seaside Sparrow.

Ammodromus maritimus var. nigrescens RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst.

V. Dec. 1873, 198.
Ammodramus nigrescens RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug.

24, 1880, 178.

[B— , C 165*, R 203, €239.]
GEOG. DIST. — Salt Lake and Merritt Island, eastern Florida.

GENUS CHONDESTES SWAINSON.

Chondestes SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435. Type, C. strigatus
SWAINS.

552. Chondestes grammacus (SAY).

Lark Sparrow.

Fringilla grammaca SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 139.
Chondestes grammaca BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 32.

[B 344, part, C i86,part, R 204, C 28i,/0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Ontario and Mississippi Valley region,
from Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan to the Plains, south to eastern
Texas and northwestern Alabama. Accidental near the Atlantic
coast (Massachusetts, Long Island, New Jersey, Washington, D. C.,
Florida).

552 a. Chondestes grammacus strigatus (SWAINS.).

Western Lark Sparrow.

Chondestes strigatus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 435.
Chondestes grammaca strigata RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
Aug. 24, 1880, 179.

[B344,/ar/, C i86,/«rr/, R 2040, C 28i,/#r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific coast, north to British Columbia and Manitoba, south through
Lower California and Mexico to Guatemala.

230 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS ZONOTRICHIA SWAINSON.

Zonotrichia SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II. 1831,
493. Type, by elimination, Emberiza leucophrys FORST.

553. Zonotrichia querula (Nun.).

Harris's Sparrow.

Fringilla querula NUTT. Man. I. 26. ed. 1840, 555.
Zonotrichia querula GAME. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 2d ser. I.
1847, 51-

[B 348, C 185, R 205, C 280.]

GEOG. DIST. — Middle United States, from Illinois, Missouri, and
Iowa west to middle Kansas and the Dakotas, and from Texas north
to Manitoba. Accidental on Vancouver Island and in British
Columbia and Oregon.

554. Zonotrichia leucophrys (FORST.).

White-crowned Sparrow.

Emberiza leucophrys FORST. Philos. Trans. LXII. 1772, 426.
Z\onotrichia\ leucophrys SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna. Bor.
Am. II. 1831, 493.

[B 345, C 183, R 206, C 276.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding chiefly in the
Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada and northeast to Labrador.
South in winter to the Valley of Mexico.

554<z. Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia RIDGW.

Intermediate Sparrow.

Zonotrichia leucophrys var. intermedia RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst.
V. Dec. 1873, 198.

[B 346, part, C 183^, R 207^, C 277.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Rocky Moun-
tains to the Pacific, and from Lower California and Mazatlan, Mex-
ico, to Alaska. Breeds, so far as known, mainly north of the United
States.

ORDER PASSERES. 23!

554 b. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii (NUTT.).

Gambel's Sparrow.

Fringilla gambelii NUTT. Man. I. 2d ed. 1840, 556.
Zonotrichia leucophrys var. gambeli COUES, Key, 1872, 145.

[B 346,/arf, C 1830, R 207, C 278.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south-
ward into Lower California.

557. Zonotrichia coronata (PALL.).

Golden-crowned Sparrow.

Emberiza coronata PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 44.
Zonotrichia coronata BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 461.

[B 347, C 184, R 208, C 279.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from Alaska to southern Cali-
fornia. Casually to Guadalupe Island, and in Wisconsin.

558. Zonotrichia albicollis (GMEL.).

White-throated Sparrow.

Fringilla albicollis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 926.
Zonotrichia albicollis SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288.

[6349, C 182, R2o9, C275.]

GEOG. DIST. — Chiefly eastern North America, west to the Plains,
north to Labrador and the Fur Countries. Breeds from Montana,
northern Wyoming, northern Michigan, northern New York, and
northern New England northward, and winters from Massachusetts
southward. Accidental in Utah, California and Oregon.

GENUS SFIZELLA BONAPARTE.

Spizella BONAP. Saggio Distr. Met. 1832, 140. Type, Fringilla
pusilla WTILS.

559. Spizella monticola (GMEL.).

Tree Sparrow.

Fringilla monticola GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 912.
Spizella monticola BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 472.

232 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and
from the Arctic Ocean south, in winter, to the Carolinas, Kentucky,
and eastern Kansas. Breeds north of the United States, east of the
Rocky Mountains.

559 a. Spizella monticola ochracea BREWST.

Western Tree Sparrow.

Spizella monticola ochracea BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII.
Oct. 1882, 228.

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, east to the Dakotas and
western Kansas, south in winter to New Mexico and Arizona, north
to the arctic regions ; breeds in Alaska.

560. Spizella socialis (WILS.).

Chipping Sparrow.

Fringilla socialis WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 127, pi. 16, fig. 5.
Spizella socialis BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33.

[B 359, P*r*, C 178, R 211, C 269.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun-
tains, north to Great Slave Lake, and south to eastern Mexico,
breeding from the Gulf States northward.

560 a. Spizella socialis arizonae COUES.

Western Chipping Sparrow.

Spizella socialis var. arizona COUES, Key, 1872, 143.

[B 359,/tf^, C 1780, R 2ii#, C 270.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains
to the Pacific, south in winter to central and western Mexico and
Cape St. Lucas.

561. Spizella pallida (SWAINS.).

Clay-colored Sparrow.

Emberiza pallida SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II.

1831, 251.
Spizella pallida BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33.

ORDER PASSERES.

233

[B 360, C 180, R 212, C 272.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of North America, from Illinois and Iowa
west to the Rocky Mountains, Arizona, and Cape St. Lucas, and
from Guanajuato and Oaxaca north to the Saskatchewan Plains.
Breeds from Iowa and Nebraska northward.

562. Spizella breweri CASS.

Brewer's Sparrow.

Spizella breweri CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Feb. 1856, 40.

[B36i, C 1800, R2i3, C 273.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, north to Montana and Brit-
ish Columbia, south to Cape St. Lucas and Durango. Breeds
throughout its United States range. Accidental in Massachusetts.

563. Spizella pusilla (WILS.).

Field Sparrow.

Fringilla pusilla WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 121, pi. 16, fig. 2.
Spizella pusilla BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33.

[B358, C 179, R 214, C 271.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to
the Plains, south to the Gulf States and Texas. Breeds from South
Carolina, southern Illinois and Kansas northward.

563 a. Spizella pusilla arenacea CHADB.

Western Field Sparrow.

Spizella pusilla arenacea CHADS. Auk, III. April, 1886, 248.

[B- C- R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Great Plains, from Texas to Montana and Dakota.
Casual at New Orleans, La.

564. Spizella wortheni RIDGW.

Worthen's Sparrow.

Spizella wortheni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Aug. 22,
1884, 259.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico (Silver City), and Chalchicomula,
Puebla.

234 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

565. Spizella atrigularis (CAB.).

Black-churned Sparrow.

Spinites atrigularis CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1851, 133.
Spizella atrigularis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 476.

[6362, C 181, R2i5, C274.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern California (north in the deserts to lat.
37°), Arizona, and southern New Mexico, south to Cape St. Lucas
and on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla.

GENUS JUNCO WAGLER.

Junco WAGLER, Isis, 1831, 526. Type, /. phaonotus WAGL. =
Fringilla cinerea SWAINS.

566. Junco aikeni RIDGW.

White- winged Junco.

Junco hyemalis var. aikeni RIDGW. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 612,

614.
Junco aikeni RIDGW. Field & Forest, May, 1877, 198.

[B— , C 1740, R 216, C 262.]
GEOG. DIST. — Colorado, north to the Black Hills, where it breeds.

567. Junco hyemalis (LINN.).

Slate-colored Junco.

Fringilla hyemalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 183.
Junco hyemalis SCL. P. Z. S. 1857, 7.

[B354, C 174, R 217, C 261.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, chiefly east of the Rocky Moun-
tains, breeding from the higher parts of the Alleghanies, the Cats-
kills, and the mountainous parts of southern New England north-
ward. South in winter to the Gulf States. Casual in California
and Arizona.

567 a. Junco hyemalis oregonus (TOWNS.).

Oregon Junco.

Fringilla oregana [err. typ.] TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.

VII. 1837, 188.
Junco hyemalis var. oregonus RIDGW. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873, 612.

ORDER PASSERES. 235

[B 352, C 175, R2i8, €263.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from Oregon north to Alaska, south
in winter into California and Arizona.

567 b. Junco hyemalis shufeldti COALE.

Shufeldt's Junco.

Junco hyemalis shufeldti COALE, Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 330.

[B352,/«rf, C 175, /«r/, R 2i8,/ar/, C 263, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, west in the mountains of
the Great Basin to California; in winter south to Arizona, New
Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico. Accidental in Michigan, Illi-
nois, Massachusetts, Maryland, etc.

567 c. Junco hyemalis thurberi ANTHONY.

Thurber's Junco.

Junco hyemalis thurberi ANTHONY, Zoe, I. Oct. 1890, 238.

[B $$2, part, C 175, /*r/, R2i8,/ar/, C 263, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Sierra Nevada, and deserts and southern coast
ranges of California.

567 d. Junco hyemalis pinosus LOOM is.

Point Pinos Junco.

Junco pinosus LOOMIS, Auk, X. April, 1893, 47.

[B— C— , R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Vicinity of Monterey, California.

567 e. Junco hyemalis carolinensis BREWST.

Carolina Junco.

Junco hyemalis carolinensis BREWST. Auk, III. Jan. 1886, 108.

[B3S4,/«^i C 17 4, P<*rt, K 211, part, C 261, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Alleghanies (Western North Carolina,
etc.).

568. Junco annectens BAIRD.

Pink-sided Junco.

Junco annectens BAIRD, Orn. Cal. I. 1870, 564.

236 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C— , R2I9, C264.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from Idaho and Montana
south, in winter, to Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.

568.1. Junco ridgwayi MEARNS.

Ridgway's Junco.

Junco ridgwayi MEARNS, Auk, VII. July, 1890, 243.

[B— , C-, R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.

569. Junco caniceps (WOODH.).

Gray-headed Junco.

Struthus caniceps WOODH. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Dec. 1852. 202.
Junco caniceps BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 468.

[B353, Ci76, R22o, €265.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from the Black Hills to the
Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, south to New Mexico, Arizona,
and northern Mexico.

570. Junco phseonotus palliatus RIDGW.

Arizona Junco.

Junco cinereus palliatus RIDGW. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 364.
Junco phceonotus palliatus RIDGW. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, 391.

[B 350, part, C — , R 222, part, C 267, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of southern Arizona, and southward
into northern Mexico.

570 a. Junco phaeonotus dorsalis (HENRY).

Red-backed Junco.

Junco dorsalis HENRY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117.
Junco phceonotus dorsalis RIDGW. Auk, XII. Oct. 1895, 391.

[B35i, C— , R22i, C266.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of New Mexico and eastern Arizona,
south into northern Mexico.

ORDER PASSERES. 237

571. Juhco bairdi BELDING.

Baird's Junco.

Junco bairdi BELDING, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI. Oct. 5, 1883, 155.

[B— , C— , R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Lower California.

571.1. Junco townsendi ANTHONY.

Townsend's Junco.

Junco townsendi ANTHONY, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d. ser. II. Oct. n,
1889, 76.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.

572. Junco insularis RIDGW.

Guadalupe Junco.

Junco insularis RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. II.
No. 2, April i, 1876, 188.

[B-, C— R223, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

GENUS AMFHISFIZA COUES.

Amphispiza COUES, B. Northwest, 1875, 234. Type, Emberiza
bilineata CASS.

573. Amphispiza bilineata (CASS.).

Black-throated Sparrow.

Emberiza bilineata CASSIN, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1850,

104, pi. 3.
Amphispiza bilineata COUES, B. Northwest, 1875, 234-

[B355, C 172, R 224, C 258.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from western Texas and
Oklahoma west to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada, north
throughout the Great Basin, and south in Mexico to Cape St. Lucas
and San Luis Potosi. Breeds throughout its range.

238 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

574. Amphispiza belli (CASS.).

Bell's Sparrow.

Emberiza belli CASSIN, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1850, 104,

pi. 4.
Amphispiza bellii COUES, B. Northwest, 1875, 234.

[B356, C 173, R 225, C 259.]

GEOG. DIST. — California west of the Sierra Nevada, north to
about Lat. 38°, south to Lower California. Breeds throughout most
of its range.

574 a. Amphispiza belli nevadensis (RIDGW.).

Sage Sparrow.

Poospiza belli var. nevadensis RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov.

1873, 191.
Amphispiza bellii var. nevadensis COUES, B. Northwest, 1875, 234-

[B — , C 1730, R 2250, C 260.]

GEOG. DIST. — Great Basin, from Oregon and Idaho south to
southern Arizona and New Mexico, breeding throughout its range.

574 £. Amphispiza belli cinerea TOWNSEND.

Gray Sage Sparrow.

Amphispiza belli cinerea TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. XIII.
1890, 136.

[B- C— R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

GENUS PEUCJBA AUDUBON.
Peuccea AUD. Synop. 1839, II2> Type, Fringilla bachmanii AUD.

575. Feucaea aestivalis (LIGHT.).

Pine-woods Sparrow.

Fringilla astivalis LIGHT. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 25.
Peuccea cestivalis CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 132.

[B MO, part, C 170, part, R 226, C 251.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida and southern Georgia, migrating to southern
Florida in winter.

ORDER PASSERES. 339

575 a. Peucaea aestivalis bachmanii (AuD.).

Baehman's Sparrow.

Fringilla bachmanii AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 366, pi. 165.
Peucaa astivalis bachmani BREWST. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 106.

[B 370, part) C \iQ,part, R.2260, C 252.]

GEOG. DIST. — North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama,
west to Texas, and north to southern Illinois and southern Indiana.
Florida in winter.

576. Peucaea arizonae RIDGW.

Arizona Sparrow.
Peuccea cestivalis var. arizonce RIDGW. Am. Nat. VII. Oct. 1873,

615.

Peucaa arizona RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. Aug. 15, 1878,
127.

[B— , C 1700, R227, €253.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and Sonora.

577. Peucaea mexicana (LAWR.).

Mexican Sparrow.

Coturniculus mexicanus LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VIII. May, 1867,

474. (Mts. of Colima.)
Peuccea mexicana RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. No. 7,

May 23, 1885, 99.

[B— , C— R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas south
into central and western Mexico.

578. Peucaea cassini (Wooon.).

Cassia's Sparrow.

Zonotrichia cassini WOODH. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. April, 1852,

60.
Peucaa cassini BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 485.

[B 371, C 170 bis, R 228, C 254.]

GEOG. DIST. — Central and western Kansas, southward and west-
ward through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and southern Nevada.

240 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

579. Feucaea carpalis COUES.

Rufous-winged Sparrow.

Peuccea carpalis COUES, Am. Nat. VII. June, 1873, 322.

[B— , C 171 bis, R 229, C 257.]
GEOG. DIST. — Arizona and Sonora.

580. Feucaea ruficeps (CASS.).

Rufous-crowned Sparrow.

Ammodromus ruficeps CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1852, 184.
Peuccea ruficeps BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 486.

[B372,C 171, R 230, C 255.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of California, from Lat. 40° south to Cape St.
Lucas.

580 a. Feucaea ruficeps boucardi (SCL.).

Boucard's Sparrow.

Zonotrichia boucardi SCLATER, P. Z. S. 1867, i, pi. i.

Peuccea ruficeps boucardi RIDGW. Hist. N. Am. B. II. 1874, 38.

[B— , C— , R23o0, C256.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern New Mexico and southern Arizona, south
into Mexico to Puebla.

580 b. Feucaea ruficeps eremceca BROWN.

Rock Sparrow.

Peuccea ruficeps eremceca BROWN, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. VII. Jan.
1882, 26.

[B- C- R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern Texas, south in eastern Mexico to
Orizaba.

GENUS MELOSFIZA BAIRD.

Melospiza BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 478. Type, Fringilla melodia
WILS. -=F.fasciata GMEL.

ORDER PASSERES. 241

581. Melospiza fasciata (GMEL.).

Song Sparrow.

Fringilla fasciata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 922.
Melospiza fasciata SCOTT, Am. Nat. X. 1876, 18.

[B363, C 169, R 231, €244.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding from
Virginia and the southern portion of the Lake States northward to
the Fur Countries.

581 <7. Melospiza fasciata fallax (BAIRD).

Desert Song Sparrow.

Zo?iotrichia fallax BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 119

(nee Melospiza fallax auctorum plurimorum !).
Melospiza fas data fallax HENSH. Auk, I. July, 1884, 224-

[B 367, C i6qa,part, R 2310, part, C 245, part]
GEOG. DIST. — Parts of New Mexico, Arizona, southern Nevada,
and southwestern Utah.

581 b. Melospiza fasciata montana HENSH.

Mountain Song Sparrow.
Melospiza fasciata montana HENSHAW, Auk, I.July, 1884, 224.

[B— , C i69a^arf, R *$ia, part, C 245, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Mexico, mountains of New Mexico, Colo-
rado, Utah, Nevada, and northward.

581 c. Melospiza fasciata heermanni (BAIRD).

Heerman's Song Sparrow.

Melospiza hezrmanni BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 478.
Melospiza fasciata 8. heermanni RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. III.
April, 1878, 66.

[B 364, C 169^, R 231^, C 248.]
GEOG. DIST. — California, east into western Nevada.

581 d. Melospiza fasciata samuelis (BAIRD).

Samuels's Song Sparrow.

Ammodromus samuelis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 455.
Melospiza fasciata samuelis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Mar.
1880, 3.

242 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 343, 365, C 169*, R 231^, C 249.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of California.

581*. Melospiza fasciata guttata (Ninr.).

Rusty Song Sparrow.

Fringilla guttata NUTTALL, Man. Orn. I. ed. 2, 1840, 581.
Melospiza fasciata J3. guttata RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. III.
April, 1878, 66.

[B— , C 169^, R 231^, C 246.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of Washington and Oregon, south in
winter to San Francisco, California.

581/. Melospiza fasciata rufina (BONAP.).

Sooty Song Sparrow.

Passerella rufina BONAP. Consp. Av. I. July 15, 1850, 477.
Melospiza fasciata rufina RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Mar.
1880, 3.

[B366, C 169;-, R 231*, C 247.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of British Columbia, north to Sitka.

581 £-. Melospiza fasciata rivularis BRYANT.

Brown's Song Sparrow.

Melospiza fasciata rivularis BRYANT, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d ser.
I. Sept. 29, 1888, 197.

[B— , C— , R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, from Comondu northward.

581,6. Melospiza fasciata graminea TOWNSEND.

Santa Barbara Song Sparrow.

Melospiza fasciata graminea TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus
XIII. 1890, 139.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Santa Barbara Island, and, in winter, adjacent
mainland of California.

ORDER PASSERES. 243

581 /'. Melospiza fasciata clementse TOWNSEND.

San Clemente Song Sparrow.

Melospiza fasciata elements TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
XIII. 1890, 139.

[B-, C- R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — San Clemente and Santa Rosa Islands, California.

581.1. Melospiza insignis BAIRD.

BischoflPs Song Sparrow.

Melospiza insignis BAIRD, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci. I. 1869,
319, pi. xxix, fig. 2.

[B— , C 169 /, R 232, part, C 250, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Kadiak Island, Alaska.

582. Melospiza cinerea (GMEL.).

Aleutian Song Sparrow.

Fringilla cinerea GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 922.
Melospiza cinerea FINSCH, Abhandl. Nat. Ver. Bremen, III.
1872, 20.

[B— , C i69/ R232, C25o.]

GEOG. DIST. — Aleutian and Pribilof Islands (except Kadiak
Island), and east to Fort Kenai, Alaska.

583. Melospiza lincolnii (AUD.).

Lincoln's Sparrow.

Fringilla lincolnii AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 539, pi. 193.
Melospiza lincolni BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 482.

[B368, C 167, R 234, C 242.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding chiefly north of
the United States (as far north as Fort Yukon) and in the higher
parts of the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada ; south, in winter,
to Panama.

583 a. Melospiza lincolnii striata BREWST.

Forbush's Sparrow.

Melospiza lincolni striata BREWST. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 89.

244 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 368,/0r/, C i67,/ar/, R 234, part, C 2 42, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — British Columbia.

584. Melospiza georgiana (LATH.).

Swamp Sparrow.

Fringilla georgiana LATH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 460.
Melospiza georgiana RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 355.

[B 369, C 168, R 233, C 243.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, accidentally
to Utah, north to the British Provinces, including Newfoundland
and Labrador. Breeds from the Northern States northward, and
winters from Massachusetts southward to the Gulf States.

GENUS PASSERELLA SWAINSON.

Passerella SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288. Type, Fringilla
iliaca MERR.

585. Passerella iliaca (MERR.).

Fox Sparrow.

Fringilla iliaca MERREM, " Beitr. zur besond. Gesch. der Vogel,

II. 1786-87, 40, pi. x."
Passerella iliaca SWAINS. Classif. B. II. 1837, 288-

[B 374, C 188, R 235, C 282.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Plains and
Alaska (valley of the Yukon to the Pacific), and from the Arctic
coast south to the Gulf States. Breeds north of the United States ;
winters chiefly south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers. Accidental
in winter in California.

585 a. Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis (GMEL.).

Townsend's Sparrow.

Emberiza unalaschcensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 875.
Passerella iliaca unalaschcensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
Mar. 1880, 3.

ORDER PASSERES. 245

[B 375, C 189, R 2350, C 283.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from Kadiak south, in winter,
to southern California, and casually to Guadalupe Island, Lower
California. Breeds north of the United States.

585 £. Passerella iliaca megarhyncha (BAIRD).

Thick-billed Sparrow.

Passerella megarhynehus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 925.
Passerella iliaca 8. megarhyncha BELDING, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I.
Mar. 1879, 418.

[B 376*1, C— , R235£, C 285.]
GEOG. DIST. — Sierra Nevada and Coast Range, California.

585 c. Passerella iliaca schistacea (BAIRD).

Slate-colored Sparrow.

Passerella schistacea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 490.

Passerella iliaca var. schistacea ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1872, 168.

[B 376, C 1890, R 235^, C 284.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States, east
in winter, to the Plains (Kansas), west to Nevada and California.

GENUS EMBERNAGRA LESSON.

Embernagra LESS. Traite, 1831, 465. Type, E. dumetorum LESS.
= Emberiza platensis GMEL.

586. Embernagra mfivirgata LAWR.

Texas Sparrow.

Embernagra rufivirgata LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. May, 1851,
112, pi. 5, fig. 2.

[6373, C 209, R 236, C3u.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas and
eastern Mexico ; casually north to the coast of Louisiana.

GENUS PIPILO VIEILLOT.

Pipilo VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 32. Type, Fringilla erythroph-
thalma LINN.

246 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

587. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (LINN.).

Towhee.

Fringilla erythrophthalma LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 180.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus VIEILL. Gal. Ois. I. 1824, 109, pi. 80.

[B 391, C 204, R 237, C 301.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west
to the Plains, breeding from the lower Mississippi Valley and
Georgia northward ; in winter from the middle districts southward.

587 a. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni COUES.

White-eyed Towhee.

Pipilo erythrophthalmus var. alleni COUES, Am. Nat. V. Aug.
1871, 366.

[B— , C 2040, R 2370, C 302.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, and northward along the Atlantic coast to
Charleston, South Carolina.

588. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (SWAINS.).

Arctic Towhee.

Pyrgita (Pipilo} arctica SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am.

II. 1831, 260, pll. 51, 52.
Pipilo maculatus var. arcticus COUES, Key, 1872, 152.

[B 393, C 2050, R 238, C 304.]

GEOG. DIST. — Plains of the Platte, Upper Missouri, Yellowstone
and Saskatchewan Rivers, west to the eastern slope of the Rocky
Mountains, south in winter to Kansas, Colorado, and Texas.

588 a. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (BAIRD).

Spurred Towhee.

Pipilo megalonyx BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 515.

Pipilo maculatus var. megalonyx COUES, Key, 1872, 152.

[B 394, C 205^, R 2380, C 305.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States, west
to the Sierra Nevada and southern California, south into northern
Mexico and Lower California.

ORDER PASSERES. 247

588 b. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (BELL).

Oregon Townee.

Pipilo oregonus BELL, Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1852, 6.
Pipilo maculatus var. oregonus COUES, Key, 1872, 152.

[B 392, C 205, R 238^, C 303.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from British Columbia south
to San Francisco, and, in winter, to southern California.

589. Pipilo consobrinus RIDGW.

Guadalupe Townee.

Pipilo maculatus consobrinus RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog.

Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April i, 1876, 189.
Pipilo consobrinus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July, 1877, 60.

[B-, C—,R 238^,0-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

590. Pipilo chlorurus (TOWNS.).

Green-tailed Townee.

Fringilla chlorura TOWNS, in AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 336.
Pipilo chlorurus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 519.

[B 398, C 208, R239, C3io.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior Plateau region of the United States, from
the western border of the Plains to the Sierra Nevada, from central
Idaho and Yellowstone National Park south to Cape St. Lucas, and
on the tablelands of Mexico to Guanajuato.

591. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus (BAIRD).

Canon Towhee.

Pipilo mesoleucus BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 119.
Pipilo fuscus var. mesoleucus RIDGW. Bull. Essex Inst. V. Nov.
1873, 183.

[B 397, C 206, R 240, C 306.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from the val-
ley of the Upper Rio Grande west to the valley of the Gila, south
into Sonora and Chihuahua.

248 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

591 <z. Pipilo fuscus albigula (BAIRD).

Saint Lucas To\vhee.

Pipilo albigula BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Nov. 1859, 305.
Pipilo fuscus var. albigula COUES, Key, 1872, 152.

[B — , C 2060, R 2400, C 307.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, north to Lat. 30°.

591 £. Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Vic.).

California Towhee.

Fringilla crissalis VIG. Zool. Bios. 1839, 19.
Pipilo fuscus var. crissalis COUES, Key, 1872, 153.

[B 396, C 2o6£, R 240^, C 308.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region west of the Cascades and
Sierra Nevada, from the Umpqua Valley, Oregon, south to northern
Lower California.

591 c. Pipilo fuscus senicula ANTHONY.

Anthony's Towhee.

Pipilo fuscus senicula ANTHONY, Auk, XII. April, 1895, m.
[B 396, part, C 2o6b,part, R z^b,part, C 308, /ar/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern California, and Lower California, south to
Lat. 29°.

592. Pipilo aberti BAIRD.

Abert's Towhee.

Pipilo aberti BAIRD, STANSBURY'S Rep. Exped. Utah, 1852, 325.
[6395, C 207, R 241, C 309.]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico and Arizona, north into southern Colo-
rado, southwestern Utah, and southern Nevada.

GENUS CARDINALIS BONAPARTE.

Cardinalis BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), in. Type, C.
mrginianus BONAP. = Loxia cardinalis LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 249

593. Cardinalis cardinalis (LINN.).

Cardinal.

Loxia cardinalis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1758, 172.

Cardinalis cardinalis LIGHT. Nomencl. Mus. Berol. 1854, 44.

[B 390, C 203, R 242, C 299.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to the lower Hudson
Valley and the Great Lakes, casually further north, and west to
the Plains. Resident in Bermuda.

593 a. Cardinalis cardinalis superbus RIDGW.

Arizona Cardinal.

Cardinalis cardinalis superbus RIDGW. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 344.
[B — , C 2030, part, R 2$2a, part, C $00, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and western Mexico, south to

Mazatlan.

593 b. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (BAIRD).

Saint Lucas Cardinal.

Cardinalis igneus BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859, 305.
Cardinalis cardinalis igneus STEJN. Auk, I. 1884, 171.

[B — , C 2030, part, R 242^, part, C 300, part.~\
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, north to Lat. 29°.

593 c. Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus CHAPM.

Gray-tailed Cardinal.

Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus CHAPM. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist. III. Aug. 1891, 324.

[63 90, /#>-/, C 2 03, /#/-/, R 242, part, C 299, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern Texas, south into northeastern
Mexico.

GENUS PYRRHTJLOXIA BONAPARTE.

Pyrrhuloxia BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 500. Type, Cardinalis
sinuatus BONAP.

250 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

594. Fyrrhuloxia sinuata BONAP.

Texas Cardinal.

Cardinalis sinuatus BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), in.
Pyrrhuloxia sinuata BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 500.

[B389, C202, R 243, C 298.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from" the val-
ley of the Lower Rio Grande south to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, etc.
North casually to the coast of Louisiana.

694 a. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami RIDGW.

Arizona Pyrrhuloxia.

Pyrrhuloxia sinuata beckhami RIDGW. Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 347.
[B 389, /#r/, C 202, part, R 243, part, C 29%, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona to western Texas, and south into
northwestern Mexico.

5943. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsulas RIDGW.

Saint Lucas Pyrrhuloxia.

Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsula RIDGW. Auk, IV. Oct. 1887, 347.

[B 389, part, C 202, part, R 243, part, C 298, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

GENUS HABIA REICHENBACH.

Habia REICH. Syst. Av. June i, 1850, pi. Ixxviii. Type, Guiraca
melanocephala SWAINS.

595. Habia ludoviciana (LINN.).

Rose-breasted Grosbeak.

Loxia ludoviciana LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 306.
Habia ludoviciana STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 367.

[B38o, €193, R244, €289.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west
to Manitoba and the eastern border of the Plains, breeding from
Kansas and the mountains of the Carolinas northward ; south, in
winter, to Cuba, Central America, and northern South America.

ORDER PASSERES. 251

696. Habia melanocephala (SWAINS.).

Black-headed Grosbeak.

Guiraca melanocephala SWAINS. Philos. Mag. I. 1827, 438.
Habia melanocephala STEJN. Auk, I. Oct. 1884, 367.

[6381, C 194, R 245, C 290.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from middle Kansas to the
Pacific coast, north to British Columbia and Montana, and south in
Mexico to Oaxaca and the Cape region of Lower California.

GENUS GUIRACA SWAINSON.

Guiraca SWAINS. Zool. Jour. III. Nov. 1827, 350. Type, Loxia
earulea LINN.

597. Guiraca caerulea (LINN.).

Blue Grosbeak.

Loxia ccerulcz LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 175.
Guiraca carulea SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 438.

[6382, C 195, R246, C 291.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, from southern New Jersey,
southern Illinois and central Nebraska, south to Cuba and Mexico.
Casual northward to New England.

597 a. Guiraca caerulea eurhyncha COUES.

Western Blue Grosbeak.

Guiraca ccerulea, var. eurhyncha COUES, Am. Nat. VIII. Sept.
1874, 563-
[B 382, /arf, C 195,/arf, R 246, part, C 291, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from South Dakota,
Colorado, southern Utah, southern Nevada and California to Lower
California and southern Mexico.

GENUS PASSERINA VIEILLOT.

Passerina VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 30. Type, by elimination,
Tanagra cyanea LINN.

252 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

598. Passerina cyanea (LINN.).

Indigo Bunting.

Tanagra cyanea LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 315.

Passerina cyanea VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXV. 1817, 7.

[B 387, C 199, R 248, C 295.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to Kansas, north to
New Brunswick, southern Ontario and Minnesota ; south in winter
to Central America.

599. Passerina amoena (SAY).

Lazuli Bunting.

Emberiza amxna SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 47.
Passerina amcena GRAY, Handl. II. 1870, 97.

[B 386, C 200, R 249, C 296.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, north to the dry interior of British Columbia and Idaho,
south to the Valley of Mexico.

600. Passerina versicolor (BONAP.).

Varied Bunting.

Spiza versicolor BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 120.
Passerina versicolor GRAY, Handl. II. 1870, 97.

[B 385, C 197, R 250, C 293.]

GEOG. DIST. — From the valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas
southward to Guatemala. Accidental in southern Michigan.

600 #. Passerina versicolor pulchra RIDGW.

Beautiful Bunting.

Passerina versicolor pulchra RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 448.

[B 385, part, C 197, part, R 250, part, C 293, /ar/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California and northwestern Mexico.

601. Fasserina ciris (LINN.).

Painted Bunting.

Emberiza ciris LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 179.

Passerina ciris VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXV. 1817, 17.

ORDER PASSERES. 253

[B 384, C 196, R 251, C 292.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States to western Texas,
north to North Carolina and southern Illinois, and south to Panama.

GENUS SPOROPHILA CABANIS.
Sporophila CABANIS, Arch. f. Naturg. X. i. 1844, 291.
602. Sporophila morelleti sharpei LAWR.

Sharpens Seed-eater.
Sporophila morelleti sharpei LAWR. Auk, VI. Jan. 1889, 53.

[B388, C 200, R252, C 296.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern Texas and adjacent parts of Mexico.

GENUS ETJETHEIA REICHENBACH.

Euetheia REICH. Av. Syst. Nat. June i, 1850, pi. Ixxix. Type,
Emberiza lepida LINN.

[603.] Euetheia bicolor (LINN.).

Grassquit.

Fringilla bicolor LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 324.
Euetheia bicolor GUNDLACH, J. f. O. XXII. 1874, 312.

[B— , C2oi, R253, C 297.]

GEOG. DIST. — West Indies. Accidental or casual in southern
Florida.

[603.1.] Euetheia canora (GMEL.).

Melodious Grassquit.

Loxia canora GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 858.

Euetheia canora BREWER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII. 1860,
307-

[B-,C-, R— C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Cuba. Accidental in southern Florida (Sombrero
Key).

254 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS SFIZA BONAPARTE.
i

Spiza BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. i. Aug. 1824, 45.
Type, Ember iza americana GMEL.

604. Spiza americana (GMEL.).

Dickcissel.

Emberiza americana GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 872.
Spiza americana RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. March 27,
1880, 3.

[B378, C 191, R254, €287.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Rocky Mountains,
breeding from Texas north to Massachusetts, New York, southern
Ontario, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota ; south in winter
through Central America to northern South America ; southwest in
migrations to Arizona. Now rare or entirely absent east of the
Alleghanies.

GENUS CALAMOSFIZA BONAPARTE.

Calamospiza BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 30. Type,
Fringilla bicolor TOWNS. = Calamospiza melanocorys STEJN.

605. Calamospiza melanocorys STEJN.

Lark Bunting.

Calamospiza melanocorys STEJN. Auk, II. Jan. 1885, 49.

[B 377, C 190, R 256, C 286.]

GEOG. DIST. — From the Plains of middle Kansas north to Mani-
toba and Assiniboia, west to the Rocky Mountains, less commonly to
the Pacific in southern California, and south to Guanajuato and
Lower California. Accidental in Massachusetts, New York, and
South Carolina.

FAMILY TANAGRID-ffi. TANAGERS.
GENUS EUPHONIA DESMAREST.

Euphonia DESM. Hist. Nat. Tang. 1805, pi. xix. Type, Pipra
musica GMEL. ?

ORDER PASSERES. 355

[606.] Euphonia elegantissima (BONAP.).

Blue-headed Euphonia.

Pipra elegantissima BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837 (June, 1838), 112.
Euphonia elegantissima GRAY, Gen. B. App. 1849, 17.

[B 224, C— , R 160, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Mexico, and south to Veragua. Texas
(GIRAUD).

GENUS FIRANGA VIEILLOT.

Piranga VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv. Type, Muscicapa
rubra LINN. 1766 = Fringilla rubra LINN. 1758.

607. Piranga ludoviciana (WILS.).

Louisiana Tanager.

Tanagra ludoviciana WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 27, pi. 20, fig. i.
Pyranga ludovitiana RICHARDSON, Rep. Brit. Ass. Adv. Sci. V.
1837, 175-

[B 223, C no, R 162, C 158.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Great Plains to
the Pacific, north to South Dakota and British Columbia. In winter
south to Guatemala. Accidental hi New York and New England.

[607.1.] Piranga rubriceps GRAY.

Gray's Tanager.
Pyranga rubriceps GRAY, Gen. B. II. 1844, pi. 89.

[B- C-, R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Colombia. Accidental in California (Dos Pueblos,
Santa Barbara Co.) .

608. Piranga erythromelas VIEILL.

Scarlet Tanager.

Pyranga erythromelas VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXVIII.
1819, 293 (= Pyranga rubra AUCT, nee Fringilla rubra LINN.).

256 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 220, C 107, R 161, C 154.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, and
north to southern Ontario and Manitoba. In winter the West Indies,
eastern Mexico, Central America and northern South America.

609. Piranga hepatica SWAINS.

Hepatic Tanager.

Pyranga hepatica SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 438.
[B 222, C 109, R 163, C 157.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern New Mexico and southern Arizona
southward to Guatemala.

610. Firanga rubra (LINN.).

Summer Tanager.

Fringilla rubra LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 181.
Piranga rubra VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, p. iv.

[B 221, C 108, R 164, C 155.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, to the Plains, north to
southern New Jersey and southern Illinois, casually north to Massa-
chusetts and Ontario, and accidentally to Nova Scotia. In winter,
Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America
to Peru.

610 a. Firanga rubra cooperi RIDGW.

Cooper's Tanager.

Pyranga cooperi RIDGW. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1869, 130.
Piranga rubra cooperi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.

[B— , C 1080, R 1640, C 156.]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico and Arizona, south in western Mexico
to Colima.

FAMILY HIRUNDINID-ffi. SWALLOWS.

GENUS PROGNE BOIE.
Progne BOIE, Isis, 1826, 971. Type, Hirundo subis LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 257

611. Progne subis (LINN.).

Purple Martin.

Hirundo subis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 192.
Progne subis BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1865, 274.

[6231, C 117, R 152, C 165.]

GEOG. DIST. — Temperate North America, north to Ontario and
the Saskatchewan, south to the higher parts of Mexico, wintering in
South America.

611 a. Progne subis hesperia BREWST.

Western Martin.

Progne subis hesperia BREWST. Auk, VI. April, 1889, 92.
[B 2$\,part, C Hi, part, R i$2,part, C 16$, fart.]

GEOG. DIST. — California, south of Latitude 40°, and southern
Arizona ; in winter, south to Nicaragua.

611.1. Progne cryptoleuca BAIRD.

Cuban Martin.

Progne cryptoleuca BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1865, 277.

[B23ia, C— , R 1520, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Cuba, and southern Florida.

GENUS FETROCHELIDON CABANIS.

Petrochelidon CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 47. Type, Hirundo
melanogastra SWAINS.

61 -2. Petrochelidon lunifrons (SAY).

Cliff Swallow.

Hirundo lunifrons SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 47.
Petrochelidon lunifrons CASSIN, Cat. Hirun. Mus. Phila. Acad.
Nat. Sci. 1853, 4.

[B 226, C 114, R 153, C 162.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding
south to the valleys of the Potomac and the Ohio, southern Texas,
southern Arizona, and California; Central and South America in
winter. Not recorded from Florida or the West Indies.

17

258 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[612.1.] Petrochelidon fulva (VIEILL.).

Cuban Cliff Swallow.

Hirundo fulva VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 62, pi. 30.
Petrochelidon fulva CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 47.

[B— , C-, R- C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Greater Antilles and coast of Central America.
Accidental on the Dry Tortugas, Florida.

GENUS CHE LID ON FORSTER.

Chelidon FORST. Synop. Cat. Brit. B. 1817, 55. Type, Hirundo
rustica LINN.

613. Chelidon erythrogastra (BODD.).

Barn Swallow.

Hirundo erythrogaster BODD. Tabl. P. E. 1783, 45.
Chelidon erythrogastra STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June 5,
1882, 31.

[B 225, C in, R 154, C 159.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, breeding from the Fur
Countries south into Mexico ; visits the West Indies in migrations,
and winters in Central America and South America.

GENUS TACHYCINETA CABANIS.

Tachycineta CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48. Type, Hirundo
thalassina SWAINS.

614. Tachycineta bicolor (VIEILL.).

Tree Swallow.

Hirundo bicolor VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 61, pi. 31.
Tachycineta bicolor CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48.

[B 227, C 112, R 155, C 160.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding from the Fur
Countries south to New Jersey, the Ohio Valley, Kansas, and Colo-
rado, etc., wintering from South Carolina and the Gulf States south-
ward to the West Indies and Guatemala.

ORDER PASSERES. 2t-g

615. Tachycineta thalassina (SWAINS.).

Violet-green Swallow.

Hirundo thalassinus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 366.
lachycineta thalassina CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 48.

[B 228, C 113, R 156, C 161.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the eastern base of
the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, north to British Columbia, south,
in winter, to Guatemala and Costa Rica.

GENUS CALLICHELIDON BAIRD.

Callichelidon BRYANT, MS. BAIRD, Rev. Am. Bds. I. 1865, 303.
Type, Hirundo cyaneoviridis BRYANT.

[615.1.] Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (BRYANT).

Bahaman Swallow.

Hirundo cyaneoviridis BRYANT, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., VII.

1859, in.

Callichelidon cyaneoviridis BRYANT, MS. BAIRD, Rev. Am. Birds,
I. 1865, 303.

[B-, C-, R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Bahamas. Accidental on the Dry Tortugas, Florida.

GENUS CLIVICOLA FORSTER.

Clivicola FORST. Synop. Cat. Brit. B. 1817, 55. Type, Hirundo
riparia LINN.

616. Clivicola riparia (LINN.).

Bank Swallow.

Hirundo riparia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 192.
Clivicola riparia STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 32.

[6229, C 115, R 157, C 163.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern hemisphere ; in America, south to the
West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, breeding
from the middle districts of the United States northward to about
the limit of trees.

260 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS STELG-IDOFTERYX BAIRD.

Stelgidopteryx BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 312. Type, Hirundo ser-
ripennis AUD.

617. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (AUD.).

Rough-winged Swallow.

Hirundo serripennis AUD. Orn. Biog, IV. 1838, 593.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 312.

[B 230, C 116, R 158, C 164.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States at large, north to Connecticut, south-
ern Ontario, southern Minnesota, southern Montana, and British
Columbia, south through Mexico to Costa Rica. Breeds throughout
its United States range and south into Mexico.

FAMILY AMPELIDJE. WAXWINGS, ETC.

SUBFAMILY AMPELIN^l. WAXWINGS.
GENUS AMPELIS LINNAEUS.

Ampelis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 297. Type, by elimination,
Lanius garrulus LINN.

618. Ampelis garrulus LINN.

Bohemian Waxwing.

Lanius garrulus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 95.
Ampelis garrulus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 297.

[6232, C 118, R 150, C 166.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the northern hemisphere. In
North America, south in winter, irregularly, to Pennsylvania, Illinois,
Kansas, southern Colorado, and northern California. Accidental
at Fort Mohave, Arizona. Breeds north of the United States.

019. Ampelis cedrorum (VIEILL.).

Cedar Waxwing.

Bombycilla cedrorum VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 88, pi. 57.
Ampelis cedrorum GRAY, Gen. B.I. 1846, 278.

ORDER PASSERES. 26 1

[B233, C 119, R 151, C 167.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, from the Fur Countries
southward. In winter, from the northern border of the United
States south to the West Indies and Costa Rica. Breeds from Vir-
ginia, the southern Alleghanies, Kentucky, Kansas, Arizona, etc.,
northward.

SUBFAMILY FTILIOG-ONATIN-ZE.
GENUS PHAINOPEPLA SCLATER.

Phainopepla SCL. P. Z. S. 1858, 543. Type, Ptiliogonys nitens
SWAINS.

620. Phainopepla nitens (SWAINS.).

Phainopepla.

Ptiliogonys nitens SWAINS. Anim. in Menag. 1838, 285.
Phainopepla nitens SCL. P. Z. S. 1858, 543.

[6234, C 120, R 26, C 168.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from southwestern
Texas westward ; north to southern Utah, Nevada, Fort Crook, Cali-
fornia, and south to Cape St. Lucas and the Valley of Mexico.

FAMILY LANIIDJE. SHRIKES.

GENUS LANIUS LINNAEUS.

Lanius LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 93. Type, by elimination,
L. excubitor LINN.

621. Lanius borealis VIEILL.

Northern Shrike.

Lanius borealis VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. i. 1807, 80, pi. 50.

[B236, C 134, Ri48, C 186.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, south in winter to the
middle portions of the United States (Virginia, Kentucky, Kansas,
Colorado, Arizona, northern California). Breeds north of the United
States.

262 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

622. Lanius ludovicianus LINN.

Loggerhead Shrike.

Lanius ludovicianus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 134.
[B 237, C 135, R 149, C 187.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains ; north to
northern New England. Breeds from the Gulf States to Virginia
and casually north, on the Atlantic coast, to southern New Jersey ; in
the interior, northward to the Great Lakes, and through western
Pennsylvania and New York to New Hampshire, Vermont, and
Maine.

622 #. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides (SWAINS.).

White-rumped Shrike.

Lanius excubitorides SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor. Am. II.

1831, 115, pi. 34.
Lanius ludovicianus var. excubitoroides COUES, Key, 1872, 125.

[B 238, C 1350, R 1490, C 188.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the eastern border of
the Plains to the Pacific, except coast of California, and from Mani-
toba and the Plains of the Saskatchewan south over the tablelands
of Mexico.

622 £. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli RIDGW.

California Shrike.

Lanius ludovicianus gambeli RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 467.

[B 23%, part, C \$$a,part, R itya^part, C 188, fart.]
GEOG. DIST. — Coast of California.

FAMILY VIREONIDJE. VIREOS.

GENUS VIREO VIEILLOT.
SUBGENUS VIREOS YLV A BONAPARTE.

Vireosylva BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 26. Type, Musci-
capa olivacea LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 263

623. Vireo calidris barbatnlus (CAB.).

Black-whiskered Vireo.

Phyllomanes barbatulus CAB. J. f. O. 1855, 467.

Vireo calidris barbatulus COUES, B. Col. Vail. 1878, 491.

[B243,C 123, Ri37, C 172.]
GEOG. DIST. — Bahamas, Cuba, and southern Florida.

624. Vireo olivaceus (LINN.).

Red-eyed Vireo.

Muscicapa olivacea LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327.
Vireo olivaceus BONAP. Ann. Lye. N. Y. II. 1826, 71.

[B 240, C 122, R 135, C 170.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to Colorado, Utah,
and British Columbia ; north to the arctic regions ; south, in winter,
from Florida to northern South America. Breeds nearly throughout
its North American range.

625. Vireo flavoviridis (CASS.).

Yellow-green Vireo.

Vireosylvia flavoviridis CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. Feb.

1851, 152.
Vireo flavoviridis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 332.

[6241, C— , R 136, C 171.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, south-
ward to Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Upper Amazon. Accidental
at Godbout, Province of Quebec, and at Riverside, California.

626. Vireo philadelphicus (CASS.).

Philadelphia Vireo.

Vireosylvia philadelphica CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. V. Feb.

1851, 153, pi. 10, fig. 2.
Vireo philadelphicus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 335.

[B 244, C 124, R 138, C 173.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay ;
south, in winter, to Costa Rica and Panama. Not recorded from
Mexico or the West Indies. Breeds from Maine, New Hampshire,
and Manitoba northward.

264 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

627. Vireo gilvus (VIEILL.).

Warbling Vireo.

Muscicapa gilva VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 65, pi. 34.
Vireo gilvus BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. 1824, 176.

[6245, c I25> I25^» R J39> 139^ c *74, I75-]
GEOG. DIST. — North America in general, from the Fur Countries
to Oaxaca, Mexico. Breeds throughout the greater part of its range.

SUBGENUS LANIVIRBO BAIRD.

Lanivireo BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. May, 1866,345. Type, Vireo
flavifrons VIEILL.

628. Vireo flavifrons VIEILL.

Yellow-throated Vireo.

Vireo flavifrons VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 85, pi. 54.

[B 252, C 126, R 140, C 176.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to Ontario and Mani-
toba ; south, in winter, to Colombia. Breeds from Florida and the
Gulf States northward.

629. Vireo solitarius (WiLS.).

Blue-headed Vireo.

Muscicapa solitaria WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810,43, P^ I7» fig- 6.
Vireo solitarius VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXVI. 1819,
103.

[B 250, C 127, R 141, C 177.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, north to
Hudson Bay and Fort Simpson. South, in winter, to Guatemala.
Breeds from southern New England and the northern part of the
Lake States northward.

629/0. Vireo solitarius cassinii (XANTUS).

Cassia's Vireo.

Vireo cassinii XANT. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117.
Vireo solitarius var. cassini HENSH. Rep. Orn. Spec. (Wheeler's
Exp.), 1874, 105.

ORDER PASSERES. 265

[6251, C— R 1410, C 178.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States ; confined to the Pacific
slope, from British Columbia southward, during the breeding season.

629 £. Vireo solitarius plumbeus (COUES).

Plumbeous Vireo.

Vireo plumbeus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 74.

Vireo solitarius var. plumbeus ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. 1872, 176.

[B— , C 1270, R 141^, C 179.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Rocky Mountain region from the eastern
base of the mountains westward to the desert ranges of the Great
Basin, and from southern Wyoming south, in winter, to Oaxaca, Mex-
ico. Accidental in New York.

629 c. Vireo solitarius alticola BREWST.

Mountain Solitary Vireo.

Vireo solitarius alticola BREWST. Auk, III. Jan. 1886, in.

[B 2^, part, C 127, part, R 141, /0r/, C 177, fart.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Alleghanies (western North Carolina,
etc.), south in winter to Florida.

629 d. Vireo solitarius lucasauus BREWST.

St. Lucas Solitary Vireo.
Vireo solitarius lucasanus BREWST. Auk, VIII. April, 1891, 147.

[B— C— R- C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

SUBGENUS VIREO VlEILLOT.

Vireo VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 83. Type, V. musicus
VIEILL. = Muscicapa noveboracensis GMEL.

630. Vireo atricapiUus WOODH.

Black-capped Vireo.

Vireo atricapiUus WOODH. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, 60.

[6427, C 133, R 142, C 185.]

GEOG. DIST. — Central and western Texas, from the Rio Grande
north to southwestern Kansas.

266 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

631. Vireo noveboracensis (GMEL.).

White-eyed Vireo.

Muscicapa noveboracensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 947.
Vireo noveboracensis BONAP. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. IV. 1824,
176.

[B 248, C 129, R 143, C 181.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Rocky Moun-
tains ; north to southern New England and Minnesota ; south in win-
ter, from Florida to Guatemala and Honduras. Breeds from Florida
and the Gulf States northward. Resident in Bermuda.

631 a. Vireo noveboracensis maynardi BREWST.

Key West Vireo.
Vireo noveboracensis maynardi BREWST. Auk, IV. April, 1887, 148.

[B-,C— , R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Florida.

632. Vireo huttoni CASS.

II ut ton's Vireo.

Vireo huttoni CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1851, 150, pi. 10, fig. i.
[B 249, C 130, R 144, C 182.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern and central California, west of the Sierra
Nevada.

632 a. Vireo huttoni Stephens! BREWST.

Stephens's Vireo.

Vireo huttoni stephmsi BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. July,
1882, 142.

[B-,C— , R-, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Arizona, western Mexico, and Lower California.

632 c. Vireo huttoni obscurus ANTHONY.

Anthony's Vireo.

Vireo huttoni obscurus ANTHONY, Zoe, I. Dec. 1890, 306.

ORDER PASSERES. 267

[B — C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from Oregon to southern British
Columbia, south in winter to California.

633. Vireo belli! AUD.

Bell's Vireo.

Vireo bellii AUD. B. Am. VII. 1844, 333, pi. 485.
[B 246, C 131, R 145, C 183.]

GEOG. DIST. — Upper Mississippi Valley and Great Plains, from
Dakota, Minnesota, Illinois, and western Indiana, southwestward to

Mexico.

633 a. Vireo bellii pusillus (COUES).

Least Vireo.

Vireo pusillus COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 76.

Vireo bellii pusillus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.

[B— , C 132, R 146, C 184.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona and California, south to Cape St. Lucas,
and throughout western Mexico.

634. Vireo vicinior COUES.

Gray Vireo.

Vireo vicinior COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1866, 75.
[B— , C 128, R 147, C 180.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from western
Texas and New Mexico to southern and Lower California and north-
western Mexico, north to southern Nevada (Grapevine Mts., Lat. 37°)
and the Grand Canon of the Colorado in Arizona.

FAMILY CCBREBIDJE. HONEY CREEPERS.

GENUS CCBREBA VIEILLOT.

Careba VIEILLOT, Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 70. Type, Certhia
fiaveola LINN.

268 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

635. Coereba bahamensis (REICH.).
Bahama Honey Creeper.

Certhiola bahamensis REICH. Handb. I. 1853, 253.
Careba bahamensis A. O. U. Code and Check-List, Suppl. 1889,
23-

[B3oi,C 1 06, R 159, C 153.]

GEOG. DIST. — Bahamas, and the Keys of the southern coast of
Florida.

FAMILY MNIOTILTID^B. WOOD WARBLERS.

GENUS MNIOTILTA VIEILLOT.
Mniotilta VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 45. Type, Motacilla varia LINN.

636. Mniotilta varia (LINN.).

Black and White Warbler.

Motacilla varia LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333.

Mniotilta varia VIEILL. Nouv. Diet d'Hist. Nat. XXI. 1818, 230.

[B 167, C 57, R 74, 740, C 91, 92.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, north to Fort
Simpson, south, in winter, through Central America and the West
Indies to Venezuela and Colombia. Breeds from Virginia and
southern Kansas northward, and winters from Florida and the Gulf
States southward.

GENUS PROTONOTARIA BAIRD.

Protonotaria BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 239. Type, Motacilla
citrea BODD.

637. Frotonotaria citrea (BODD.).

Prothonotary Warbler.

Motacilla citrea BODD. Tabl. P. E. 1783, 44.
Protonotaria citrea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 239.

ORDER PASSERES. 269

[B 169, C 59, R 75, C 95.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to Nebraska and
Kansas, north to Virginia, southern Michigan, and Iowa, casually to
New England, Ontario, and Minnesota ; in winter Cuba and northern
South America. Breeds throughout its United States range.

GENUS TTFiLINATA AUDUBON.
Helinaia AUD. Synop. 1839, 66. Type, Sylvia swainsonii AUD.

638. Helinaia swainsonii AUD.

Swainson's Warbler.

Sylvia swainsonii AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 563, pi. 198.
Helinaia swainsonii AUD. Synop. 1839,66.

[B 179, C 61, R 76, C 97.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern United States, north to southern Vir-
ginia (Dismal Swamp), southwestern Indiana, southeastern Missouri,
and west to Texas ; in winter, south to Vera Cruz, Mexico, and
Jamaica.

GENUS HELMITHERUS RAFINESQUE,

Helmitherus RAFIN. Journ. de Phys. LXXXVIII. 1819, 417.
Type, Motacilla vermivora GMEL.

639. Helmitherus vermivorus (GMEL.).

Worm-eating Warbler.

Motacilla vermivora GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 951.

Helmitheros vermivora BONAP. Consp. Av. I. April 20, 1850,314.

[B 178, C6o, R77, C96.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New York
and southern New England, west to eastern Nebraska and Texas ;
south, in winter, to Cuba and northern South America. Breeds
throughout its United States range.

GENUS HELMINTHOPHILA RIDGWAY.

Helminthophila RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan. 1882. 53.
Type, Sylvia ruficapilla WILS.

270 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

640. Helminthophila bachmanii (AUD.).

Bachman's Warbler.

Sylvia bachmanii AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 483, pi. 183.
Helminthophila bachmani RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII.
Jan. 1882, 53.

[B 182, C 64, R 78, C 103.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic States (southern Virginia to Florida),
and westward to Louisiana ; Cuba, in winter.

641. Helminthophila pinus (LINN.).

Blue-winged Warbler.

Certhia pinus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 187.
Helminthophila pinus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan.
1882, 53.

[B 180, C 62, R 79, C 98.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, from southern New York,
southern New England, and southern Minnesota southward, and
west to Nebraska and Texas. In winter, south to Mexico, Guate-
mala and Nicaragua.

642. Helminthophila chrysoptera (LINN.).

Golden-winged Warbler.

Motacilla chrysoptera LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333.
Helminthophila chrysoptera RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII.
Jan. 1882, 53.

[Bi8i, C63, R8i, C 102.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New
England, southwestern Ontario, and southern Minnesota ; breeding
from northern New Jersey and northern Indiana northward, and
southward along the Alleghanies to South Carolina. Central Amer-
ica and northern South America in winter.

643. Helminthophila luciae (COOPER).

Lucy's Warbler.

Helminthophaga lucice COOPER, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci. July, 1862, 120.
Helminthophila lucics RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan.
1882, 54.

-,»*.

*

ORDER PASSERES. 271

[B— , C65, R83, C 104.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona and extreme southwestern Utah, from the
Santa Clara Valley southward to Sonora, Mexico.

644. Helminthophila virginiae (BAIRD).

Virginia's Warbler.

Helminthophaga Virginia BAIRD, B. N. Am. ed. 1860, Atlas,

p. xi. foot-note, pi. 79, fig. i.
Helminthophila Virginia RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan.

1882, 54.

[B— , C66, R84, C 105.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region of the United States, from
Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and Nevada southward on the tableland
of Mexico to Guanajuato.

645. Helminthophila rnficapilla (WILS.).

Nashville Warbler.

Sylvia ruficapilla WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 120, pi. 27, fig. 3.
Helminthophila ruficapilla RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII.
Jan. 1882, 54.

[B 183, part, C 67,/0r/, R 85, part, C io6,/ar/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, north to the
Fur Countries, breeding from the northern United States northward.
Mexico and Guatemala in winter.

645<z. Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis RIDGW.

Calaveras Warbler.

Helminthophaga ruficapilla var. gutturalis RIDGW. in Hist. N.

Am. B. I. Jan. 1874, 191.
Helminthophila ruficapilla gutturalis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

VIII. 1885, 354.

[B i&$,part, C 67, part, R 85, part, C io6,/#r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, eastward, during
migrations, to the Rocky Mountains, northward to Kadiak, Alaska,
and southward to Lower California and western Mexico.

272

ORDER PASSERES.

646. Helminthophila celata (SAY).

Orange-crowned Warbler.

Sylvia celata SAY, LONG'S Exp. I. 1823, 169.
Helminthophila celata RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII. Jan.
1882, 54.

[B 184, part, C 68, R 86, C 107.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding as far northward
as the Yukon and Mackenzie River districts, and southward through
the Rocky Mountains, and wintering in the south Atlantic and Gulf
States and Mexico. Rare east of the Alleghanies, north of Virginia.

646 a. Helminthophila celata lutescens (RIDGW.).

Lutescent Warbler.

Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens RIDGW. Am. Jour. Sci. &

Arts, 1872, 457.

Helminthophila celata lutescens BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
VII. April, 1882, 85.

[B \%>$,part, C 680, R 860, C 108.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains
to the Pacific.

646 £. Helminthophila celata sordida TOWNSEND.

Dusky Warbler.

Helminthophila celata sordida TOWNSEND, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.
XIII. 1890, 139.

[B— , C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — San Clemente, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands,
California.

647. Helminthophila peregrina (WILS.).

Tennessee Warbler.

Sylvia peregrina WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 83, pi. 25, fig. 2.
Helminthophila peregrina RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VII.
Jan. 1882, 54.

[B 185, C 69, R 87, C 109.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from northern
New York and northern New England northward to Hudson Bay
Territory; in winter south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica
and Colombia.

ORDER PASSERES. 273

GENUS COMPSOTHLYPIS CABANIS.

Compsothlypis CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 20. Type, Parus ameri-
canus LINN.

648. Compsothlypis americana (LINN.).

Parula Warbler.

Parus americanus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 190.
Compsothlypis americana CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 20.

[B 168, C 58, R 88, C 93.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to
Canada, and south in winter to the West Indies, Eastern Mexico and
Nicaragua. Breeds locally throughout its United States range.

649. Compsothlypis nigrilora (COUES).

Seimett's Warbler.
Parula nigrilora COUES, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr.

IV. 1878, ii.
Compsothlypis nigrilora STEJN. Auk, I. April, 1884, 170.

[B— , C— R89<z, C94.]

GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and
southward in Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern San Luis
Potosi.

GENUS DENDROICA GRAY.

SUBGENUS FERISSOGLOSSA BAIRD.

Perissoglossa BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 180. Type,
Motacilla tigrina GMEL.

650. Dendroica tigrina (GMEL.).

Cape May Warbler.

Motacilla tigrina GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 985.
Dendroica tigrina BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 286.

18

274 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 206, C 85, Rgo, C 126.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to Lake Winnipt .>••$
and Hudson Bay Territory, west to the Plains. Breeds from north-
ern New England northward ; winters in the West Indies.

SUBGENUS PEUCEDRAMUS COUES.

Peucedramus COUES, in Zool. Wheeler's Exp. 1876, 201. Type,
Sylvia olivacea GIRAUD.

651. Dendroica olivacea (GIRAUD).

Olive Warbler.

Sylvia olivacea GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Tex. B. 1841, 29, pi. 7, fig. 2.
Dendroica olivacea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 305.

[B— C— , R92, C no.]

GEOG. DIST. — Highlands of Guatemala and Mexico, north to
southern New Mexico and Mt. Graham, Arizona.

SUBGENUS DENDROICA GRAY.

Dendroica GRAY, List Gen. B. App. 1842, 8. Type, Motacilla
coronata LINN.

652. Dendroica asstiva (GMEL.).

Yellow Warbler.

Motacilla cestiva GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 996.
Dendroica astiva BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 282.

[B2o3,C 70, R93, Cm.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, except southwestern part,
south in winter to Central America and northern South America.
Breeds nearly throughout its North American range.

652 a. Dendroica aestiva sonorana BREWST.

Sonora Yellow Warbler.

Dendroica cestiva sonorana BREWST. Auk, V. April, 1888, 137.

ORDER PASSERES. 275

[B 203, part, C 70, part, R 93, /#r?, Cm, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona to western Texas and northwest-
ern Mexico.

653. Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps RIDGW.

Mangrove Warbler.

Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
Sept. 2, 1885, 350.

[B— C— R-,C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Mexico, and southern part of Lower Cali-
fornia.

654. Dendroica caerulescens (GMEL.).

Black-throated Blue Warbler.

Motacilla c&rulescens GMEL. S. N. I. 1788, 960.

Dendroica carulescens BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 186.

[Bi93, C76, R94, Cn7.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, breeding from
northern New England and northern New York northward to Labra-
dor, and in the Alleghanies south to northern Georgia ; West Indies
and Guatemala in winter. Accidental on the Farallon Islands, Cali-
fornia.

655. Dendroica coronata (LINN.).

Myrtle Warbler.

Motacilla coronata LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333.
Dendroica coronata GRAY, List Gen. B. App. 1842, 8.

[Bi94, C78, R95, C n9.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, chiefly, straggling more or
less commonly westward to the Pacific ; breeds from the northern
United States northward, and winters from southern New England
and the Ohio valley southward to the West Indies, and through
Mexico to Panama.

656. Dendroica auduboni (TOWNS.).

Audubon's Warbler.

Sylvia auduboni TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837, 191.
Dendroica audubonii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 273.

276 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 195, 079, R96, C 120.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, east to the western border
of the Plains and north to British Columbia; south in winter to
Guatemala. Accidental in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.

657. Dendroica maculosa (GMEL.).

Magnolia Warbler.

Motacilla maculosa GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 984.
Dendroica maculosa BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 284.

[6204, C84, R97, C 125.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the base of the
Rocky Mountains, and casually to British Columbia ; breeding from
northern New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan,
to Hudson Bay Territory and southward in the Alleghanies to Penn-
sylvania. In winter, Bahamas, Cuba, and south through eastern
Mexico to Panama.

658. Dendroica caerulea (WILS.).

Cerulean Warbler.

Sylvia carulea WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 141, pi. 17, fig. 5.
Dendroica carulea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 280.

[8201, C 77, R98, C 118.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west
to the Plains. Rare or casual east of central New York and the
Alleghanies. In winter south to Cuba (rare), southeastern Mexico,
Central America, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia. Breeds from West
Virginia, Tennessee, Missouri, and Kansas northward to Minnesota.

659. Dendroica pensylvanica (LINN.).

Chestnut-sided Warbler.

Motacilla pensylvanica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 333.
Dendroica pennsylvanica BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 279.

[B2oo, C83, R99, C 124.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west
to Manitoba and the Plains, breeding southward to central Illinois
and northern New Jersey, and in the Appalachian highlands probably
to northern Georgia. Visits the Bahamas, eastern Mexico, Central
America and Panama in winter.

ORDER PASSERES. 277

660. Dendroica castanea (WILS.).

Bay-breasted Warbler.

Sylvia castanea WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 97, pi. 14, fig. 4.
Dendroica castanea BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 276.

[B 197, C 82, R 100, C 123.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay.
Breeds from northern New England and northern Michigan north-
ward ; in winter south through eastern Mexico (rare) and Guatemala
to Colombia.

661. Dendroica striata (FORST.).

Black-poll Warbler.

Muscicapa striata FORST. Philos. Trans. LXII. 1772, 406, 428.
Dendroica striata BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 280.

[6202, C 81, R 101, C 122.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Rocky Moun-
tains, north to Greenland, the Barren Grounds, and Alaska, breeding
from northern New England and the Catskills northward. South in
winter to northern South America, but not recorded from Mexico or
Central America.

662. Dendroica blackburniae (GMEL.).

Blackburn! an Warbler.

Motacilla blackburnia GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 977.
Dendroica blackburnia BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 274.

[B 196, C 80, R 102, C 121.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to eastern Kansas
and Manitoba, breeding from the southern Alleghanies, Massachu-
setts, and Michigan northward to Labrador. In winter, south to the
Bahamas, eastern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.

663. Dendroica dominica (LINN.).

Yellow-throated Warbler.

Motacilla dominica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 334.
Dendroica dominica BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 209.

278 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B impart, C 88, R 103, C 129.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern United States, north to southern
Maryland and Virginia, and casually to southern New England ;
south to the West Indies.

663#. Dendroica dominica albilora RIDGW.

Sycamore Warbler.

Dendroica dominica var. albilora BAIRD MSS. RIDGW. Am. Nat.
VII. Oct. 1873, 606.

[B 209, part, C 880, R 1030, C 130.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mississippi Valley, west to the Plains, north to
Lake Erie and southern Michigan, and east to western North Caro-
lina ; in winter south to southern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala and
Nicaragua.

664. Dendroica graciae BAIRD.

Grace's Warbler.

Dendroica gratia «' COUES MSS." BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April,
1865, 210.

[B— , C 87, R 104, C 128.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern New Mexico and Arizona, and southward
into Sonora.

665. Dendroica nigrescens (TOWNS.).

Black-throated Gray Warbler.

Sylvia nigrescens TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837,

191.
Dendroica nigrescens BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 270.

[B 192, C75, R 105, C 116.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, north to Colorado, Oregon,
and British Columbia west of the Cascades, migrating to southern
Mexico in winter.

666. Dendroica chrysoparia SCL. & SALV.

Golden-cheeked Warbler.

Dendraca chrysoparia SCL. & SALV. P. Z. S. 1860, 298.

ORDER PASSERES. 279

[B— , C74, R 106, C 115.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Texas, and southward to Guatemala.

667. Dendroica virens (GMEL.).

Black-throated Green Warbler.

Motacilla virens GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 985.
Dendroica virens BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 267.

[Bi89, C7i, Rio7, C 112.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, north to
Hudson Bay Territory, breeding from Connecticut and northern
Illinois northward, and south along the Alleghanies to South Caro-
lina. In winter, south to Cuba and Panama. Accidental in Green-
land and Europe.

668. Dendroica townsendi (TOWNS.).

Townsend's Warbler.

Sylvia townsendi " NUTT." TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.

VII. 1837, 191.
Dendroica townsendi BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 269.

[B 191, C 73, R 108, C 114.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, east to central Colorado,
north to Sitka, south in winter to Mexico and Guatemala. Acci-
dental near Philadelphia. Breeds from the southern border of the
United States northward.

669. Dendroica occidentals (TOWNS.).

Hermit Warbler.
Sylvia occidentalis TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837,

190.
Dendroica occidentalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 268.

[B 190, C 72, R 109, C 113.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Rocky Mountains
to the Pacific coast, and from Washington southward ; in winter,
Lower California and Mexico to the highlands of Guatemala.

280 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

670. Dendroica kirtlandi BAIRD.

Kirtland's Warbler.

Sylvicola kirtlandi BAIRD, Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1852, 216, pi. 6.
Dendroica kirtlandii BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 286.

[B 205, C 89, R no, C 131.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States (South Carolina, Virginia,
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota),
and the Bahamas in winter.

671. Dendroica vigorsii (Auo.).

Pine Warbler.

Sylvia vigorsii AMD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 153, pi. 30.
Dendroica vigorsii STEJN. Auk, II. Oct. 1885, 343.

[B 198,091, R in, C 134.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north to
Manitoba, Ontario, and New Brunswick, wintering in the South
Atlantic and Gulf States, and the Bahamas.

672. Dendroica palmarum (GMEL.).

Palm Warbler.

Motacilla palmarum GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788,951.
Dendroica palmarum BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 288.

[B 208, part, C 90, part, R 113, C 132.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern interior to Great Slave Lake ; in winter
South Atlantic and Gulf States, the West Indies and Mexico. Of
rare but regular occurrence in the Atlantic States in migrations.

672 a. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea RIDGW.

Yellow Palm Warbler.

Dendrceca palmarum hypochrysea RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
I. Nov. 1876, 85.

[B 2&,part, C go, part, R 1130, C 133.]

GEOG. DIST. — Atlantic States, north to Hudson Bay. Breeds
from eastern Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia northward ;
winters in the South Atlantic and Gulf States.

ORDER PASSERES. 281

673. Dendroica discolor (VIEILL.).

Prairie Warbler.

Sylvia discolor VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, 37, pi. 98.
Dendroica discolor BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 290.

[6210, C 86, R 114, C 127.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding from
Florida north to Michigan and southern New England. Winters in
southern Florida and the West Indies.

GENUS SEIURUS SWAINSON.

Seiurus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 369. Type, Motacilla
aurocapilla LINN.

674. Seiurus aurocapillus (LINN.).

Oven-bird.

Motacilla aurocapilla LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 334.
Seiurus aurocapillus SWAINS. Zool. Journ. III. 1827, 171.

[Bi86,C92, Rn5, C 135.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north to Hudson Bay Ter-
ritory and Alaska, breeding from Kansas, the Ohio Valley, and Vir-
ginia northward. In winter, Florida, the West Indies, southern Mex-
ico, and Central America to Panama.

675. Seiurus noveboracensis (GMEL.).

Water-Thrush.

Motacilla noveboracensis GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 958.
Seiurus noveboracensis BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 21.

[B 187, fart, C 93, fart, R 116, C 136.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to Illinois, and northward to
Arctic America, breeding from the northern United States northward.
South in winter to the West Indies, Central America, and northern
South America.

6750. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis (RIDGW.).

GrinnelPs Water-Thrush.

Seiurus n&vius notabilis " GRINNELL," RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.

III. 1880, 12.

Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.
1885, 354.

282 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 187, part, C 93,/arf, R n6«, C 137.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from Indiana and Illinois
westward to California, and north into British America. Casual in
migrations eastward to the Atlantic coast. Winters from the south-
ern border of the United States southward to Lower California, Mex-
ico, and northern South America.

676. Seiurus motacilla (VIEILL.).

Louisiana Water-Thrush.

Turdus motacilla VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 9, pi. 65.
Seiurus motacilla BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 306.

[B 188, C 94, R 117, C 138.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New Eng-
land and southern Michigan, casually north to Lake George, north-
eastern New York, west to the Plains. In winter, West Indies,
southern Mexico, and Central America to Panama.

GENUS GEOTHLYPIS CABANIS.

SUBGENUS OPORORNIS BAIRD.
Oporornis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 246. Type, Sylvia agilis

WlLS.

677. G-eothlypis formosa (WILS.).

Kentucky Warbler.

Sylvia formosa WILS. Am. Orn. III. 1811, 85, pi. 25, fig. 3.
Geothlypis formosa RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.

[B 175, C 96, R 119, C 140.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, breeding
from the Gulf States north to southern New England and southern
Michigan. In winter, West Indies, eastern Mexico, and Central
America to Panama.

678. Geothlypis agilis (WILS.).

Connecticut Warbler.

Sylvia agilis WILS. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 64, pi. 39, fig. 4.
Geothlypis agilis GREGG, Pr. Elmira Acad. 1870, — (p. 7 of
reprint).

ORDER PASSERES. 283

[Bi74, C95, Rn8, C 139.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding north of the
United States (Manitoba, Ontario). Northern South America in
winter.

SUBGENUS GBOTHLYPIS CABANIS.

Geothlypis CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, i. 316, 349. Type,
Turdus trichas LINN.

679. Geothlypis Philadelphia (WILS.).

Mourning Warbler.

Sylvia Philadelphia WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 101, pi. 14, fig. 6.
Geothlypis Philadelphia BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 243.

[B 172, C 98, R 120, C 142.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Plains, breeding
from the mountainous portions of Pennsylvania, New England,
New York, and northern Michigan northward. Central America
and northern South America in winter. Accidental in Greenland.

680. Greothlypis macgillivrayi (AUD.).

Macgillivray's Warbler.

Sylvia macgillivrayi AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 75, pi. 399, figs, 4, 5.
Geothlypis macgillivrayi BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 244.

[B 173, C 99, R 121, C 143.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the eastern foothills
of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast, north into British
Columbia. Lower California, Mexico, and Central America to
Colombia in winter.

681. Greothlypis trichas (LINN.).

Maryland Yellow-throat.

Turdus trichas LINN. S. N. ed. 12, 1. 1766, 293.
Geothlypis trichas CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 16.

[B \i&,part, C 97, part, R 122, part, C 141, /#/-/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to Ontario, Nova

Scotia, and southern Labrador, breeding from Georgia northward.

In winter, South Atlantic and Gulf States, the West Indies, eastern

Mexico, and Central America ; casually northward to Massachusetts.

284 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

681 a. Geothlypis trichas Occident alls BREWST.

Western Yellow-throat.

Geothlypis trichas occidentalis BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
VIII. July, 1883, 159.

[B \IQ, part, C ^,part, R 122, part, C 141, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Mississippi Valley
west to the Pacific coast, and north to British Columbia ; south, in
winter, to Central America.

681 b. Geothlypis trichas ignota CHAPM.

Florida Yellow-throat.

Geothlypis trichas ignota CHAPM. Auk, VII. Jan. 1890, n.

[B \>jv,part, C 97, part, R 122, part, C i^i^art.]
GEOG. DIST. — Florida, north to southern Georgia.

682. Geothlypis beldingi RIDGW.

Belding's Yellow-throat.

Geothlypis beldingi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. 1882, 344.

[B— C— , R— , C— .]

GEOG. DIST.— Southern portion of Lower California, north to San
Ignacio (Lat. 27°).

682.1. Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi RIDGW.

Rio Grande Yellow-throat.

Geothlypis poliocephala ralphi RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893,
692.

[B— , C— R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower Rio Grande Valley.

GENUS ICTERIA VIEILLOT.

Icteria VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. I. 1807, pp. iii. 85. Type, Mus-
cicapa viridis GMEL. = Turdus virens LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 285

683. Icteria virens (LINN.).

Yellow-breasted Chat.

Turdus virens LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 171.
Icteria virens BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 228.

[B 176, C 100, R 123, C 144.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, breeding north
to Ontario and southern New England ; south, in winter, to eastern
Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

683 a. Icteria virens longicauda (LAWR.).

Long-tailed Chat.

Icteria longicauda LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. VI. 1853, 4.
Icteria virens var. longicauda COUES, Key, 1872, 108.

[B 177, C 1000, R 1230, C 145.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains to the
Pacific, north to southern Montana, Washington, and the dry interior
of British Columbia, south into Lower California and Mexico.

GENUS SYLVANIA NUTTALL.

Sylvania NUTT. Man. Land Birds, I. 1832, 290. Type, by
elimination, Muscicapa selbii AUD. — Motacilla mitrata GMEL.

684. Sylvania mitrata (GMEL.).

Hooded Warbler.

Motacilla mitrata GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 977.
Sylvania mitrata NUTT. Man. Land B. ed. 1840, 333.

[B 211, C 101, R 124, C 146.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Plains, north and
east to southern Michigan, southern Ontario, western and south-
eastern New York, and southern New England. Breeds from the
Gulf of Mexico northward. In winter, West Indies, eastern
Mexico, and Central America to Panama.

685. Sylvania pusilla (WILS.).

Wilson's Warbler.

Muscicapa pusilla WILS. Am. Orn. III. 18 n, 103, pi. 26, fig. 4.
Sylvania pusilla NUTT. Man. Land B. ed. 1840, 335.

286 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 2i3,/arf, C 102, R 125, C 147.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to and including the
Rocky Mountains, north to Labrador, Hudson Bay Territory, and
Alaska. Breeds chiefly north of the United States, migrating south
to eastern Mexico and Central America.

685 a. Sylvania pusilla pileolata (PALL.).

Pileolated Warbler.

Motadlla pileolata PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. I. 1826, 497.
Sylvania pusilla pileolata RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

354-

[B 2i3,/tfr/, C 1020, R 1250, C 148.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, from the Great Basin to
the Pacific, north to Alaska (Kadiak), and south, in winter, to Costa
Rica.

686. Sylvania canadensis (LINN.).

Canadian Warbler.

Musdcapa canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 327.
Sylvania canadensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.

[B 214, 215, C 103, R 127, C 149.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Plains, and
north to Newfoundland, southern Labrador, and Lake Winnipeg,
south, in winter, to Central America and northern South America.
Breeds from the higher parts of the Alleghanies, and the more ele-
vated parts of southern New York and southern New England,
northward.

GENUS SETOPHAGA SWAINSON.

Setophaga SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 368. Type, Mota-
dlla ruticilla LINN.

687. Setophaga ruticilla (LINN.).

American Redstart.

Motadlla ruticilla LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 186.
Setophaga ruticilla SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 368.

ORDER PASSERES. 287

[B 217, C 104, R 128, C 152.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, north to Fort Simpson, west regu-
larly to the Great Basin, casually to California and Lower California,
breeding from the middle portion of the United States northward.
In winter, the West Indies, southern Mexico, Central America and
northern South America.

688. Setophaga picta SWAINS.

Painted Redstart.

Setophaga picta SWAINS. Zool. Illustr. 2d ser. I. 1829, pi. 3.

[B 218, C 105, R 129, C 151.]
GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of Mexico, north to southern Arizona.

[689.] Setophaga miniata SWAINS.

Red-bellied Redstart.

Setophaga miniata SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368.

[B2i9, C— R 130, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Highlands of Mexico. Texas (GIRAUD).

GENUS CARDELLINA Du Bus.

Cardellina Du Bus, Esq. Orn. 1850, pi. 25. Type, C. amicta
Du Bus = Muscicapa rubrifrons GIRAUD.

690. Cardellina rubrifrons (GIRAUD).

Red-faced Warbler.

Muscicapa rubrifrons GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, pi. 7,

fig. i.

Cardellina rubrifrons SCL. P. Z. S. 1855, 66.
[B— , C— Ri3i, C 150.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico,
through Mexico, to Guatemala. Texas (GIRAUD).

GENUS ERG-ATICUS BAIRD.

Ergaticus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. April, 1865, 237. Type, Setc
phaga rubra SWAINS.

288 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[691.] Ergaticus ruber (SWAINS.).

Red Warbler.

Setophaga rubra SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368.
Ergaticus ruber SCL. & SALV. Nom. Neotr. 1873, n.

[6216, C— Ri32, C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Highlands of Mexico. Texas (GIRAUD).

GENUS BASILEUTERTJS CABANIS.

Basileuterus CAB. in SCHOMB. Guiana, III. 1848, 666. Type,
Sylvia vermivora VIEILL. = Setophaga auricapilla SWAINS.

[692.] Basileuterus culicivorus (LIGHT.).

Brash er's Warbler.

Sylvia culicivora (LiCHT.) Preis-Verzeich. 1830, no. 78.
Basileuterus culicivorus BONAP. Consp. Av. I. 1850, 313.

[B — C— , Ri33, C — .]

GEOG. DIST. — Central America, from Panama north to eastern
Mexico. Texas (GIRAUD.)

[693.] Basileuterus belli (GIRAUD).

Bell's Warbler.

Muscicapa belli GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas B. 1841, pi. 4, fig. i.
Basileuterus belli SCL. P. Z. S. 1855, 65.

[B— C— Ri34, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Guatemala and Mexico, north to the temperate
regions of Vera Cruz. Texas (GIRAUD).

FAMILY MOTACILLID-3E3. WAGTAILS.

GENUS MOTACILLA LINNAEUS.

Motacilla LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 184. Type, by elimina-
tion, M. alba LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 289

[694.] Motacilla alba LINN.

White WagtaiL
Motacilla alba LINN. S. N. ed. 10, L 1758, 185.

[B-,C— R69,C86.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Europe and northern Asia, south, in
winter, to North Africa and India. Accidental in Greenland.

[695.] Motacilla oculaxis SWINH.
Swinhoe's WagtaiL

Motacilla ocularis SWINH. Ibis, Jan. 1860, 55.

[B- C— R-C— ]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern Asia. Accidental hi Lower California.
Aleutian Islands ?

GENUS BUDYTES CUVIEK.

Budytes Cuv. R£gne An. L 1817, 371. Type, Motacilla flora
LINN.

696. Budytes flavus lencostriatns (HoM.).

Siberian Yellow WagtaiL

Budytes laicostriatus HOMEYER, J. f. O. 1878, 128.

Budytes flavus kucostriatus STEJN. Qrn. ErpL Kamtsch. 1885, 280.

[B— , C54,R 7°>C87.]

GEOG. DIST. — Alaska and northern Siberia to China, wintering in
the Moluccas.

GENUS ANTHTJS BECHSTETN.

SCBGEXUS AHTHUS.

Anthus BECHST. Gem. Naturg. DeutschL III. 1807, 704- Type,
by elimination, A. aquaticus = Alauda spinoletta LINN.

697. Anthus pensilvanicns (LATH.).

<!•<•!< ••• Pipit.

Alauda pcruilvanica LATH. Svnop. SuppL I. 1787, 287.
Anthus pcnsilvantius THIEXEM. Rhea, IL 1849, 171.

it

290 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[Bi65, C55, R7i, C89.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding in the higher
parts of the Rocky Mountains and subarctic districts, and wintering
in the Gulf States, Mexico, and Central America. Accidental in
Europe.

[698.] Anthus pratensis (LINN.).

Meadow Pipit.

Alauda pratensis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 166.

Anthus pratensis BECHST. Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. III. 1807, 732.

[B— , C 55 bis, R72, C 88.]
GEOG. DIST. — Europe, straggling to Greenland (and Alaska ?).

[699.] Anthus cervinus (PALLAS).

Red-throated Pipit.

Motacilla cervina PALLAS, Zoog. Rosso- As. I. 1826, 511.
Anthus cervinus KEYS. & BLAS. Wirb. Eur. I. 1840, p. xlviii.

[B— , C— R— , C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World. Accidental in
Lower California. St. Michael and Aleutian Islands, Alaska?

SUBGENUS NEOCORYS SCLATER.

Neocorys SCL. P. Z. S. 1857, 5. Type, Alauda spragueii AUD.
700. Anthus spragueii (AUD.).

Sprague's Pipit.

Alauda spragueii AUD. B. Am. VII. 1843, 335, pi. 486.
Anthus spraguei BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Oct. 1864, 155.

[B 1 66, C 56, R 73, C 90.]

GEOG. DIST. — Interior plains of North America, breeding from
the plains of the Yellowstone northward to the Saskatchewan district,
and from the Red River westward (probably to the Rocky Moun-
tains). South in winter on the tablelands of Mexico to Puebla.
Accidental in South Carolina.

ORDER PASSERES. 29!

FAMILY CINCLID-S3. DIPPERS.

GENUS CINCLUS BECHSTEIN.

Cinclus BECHST. Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl. 1802, 205. Type,
Sturnus cinclus LINN.

701. Cinclus mexicanus SWAINS.

American Dipper.

Cinclus mexicanus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368.

[B 164, C 19, R 19, C 30.]

GEOG. DIST. — The mountainous parts of central and western
North America, from the Yukon Valley and Unalaska to Guatemala ;
east, in the United States, to the eastern base of the Rocky Moun-
tains. Apparently resident throughout its range.

FAMILY TROG-LODYTID.ZE. WRENS, THRASHERS, ETC.
SUBFAMILY MIMIN2E. THRASHERS.

GENUS OROSCOFTES BAIRD.

Oroscoptes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 346. Type, Orpheus mon-
tanus TOWNS.

702. Oroscoptes montanus (TOWNS.).

Sage Thrasher.
Orpheus montanus TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. 1837,

193-
Oroscoptes montanus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 347.

[6255, C7, R 10, C 14.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the western part of
the Plains (western South Dakota, western Nebraska, and eastern
Colorado), north to Montana, west to the Cascades and Sierra
Nevada, south into northern Mexico, Lower California, and casually
to Guadalupe Island.

292 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS MIMUS BOIE.
Mimus BOIE, Isis, Oct. 1826, 972. Type, Turdus polyglottos LINN.

703. Mimus polyglottos (LINN.).

Mockingbird.

Turdus polyglottos LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 169.
Mimus polyglottus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 17.

[B253, 2530, C 8, Rn, C 15.]

GEOG. DIST. — United States, south into Mexico. Rare and of
irregular distribution from Maryland northward to Massachusetts,
and north of southern Ohio, Colorado, and southern California.
Bahamas. Casual on Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

GENUS G-ALEOSCOFTES CABANIS.

Galeoscoptes CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82. Type, Muscicapa
carolinensis LINN.

704. Galeoscoptes carolinensis (LINN.).

Catbird.

Muscicapa carolinensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 328.
Galeoscoptes carolinensis CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82.

[6254, C9, R 12, C 16.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and British Provinces, west
to and including the Rocky Mountains ; occasional on the Pacific
coast, from British Columbia south to central California. Breeds
from the Gulf States northward to the Saskatchewan. Winters
in the Southern States, Cuba, and Middle America to Panama.
Bermuda, resident. Accidental in Europe.

GENUS HARPORHYNCHUS CABANIS.
SUBGENUS METHRIOPTERUS REICHENBACH.

Methriopterus REICH. Syst. Nat. 1850, pi. iv. Type, Turdus
rufus LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 293

705. Harporhynchus rufus (LINN.).

Brown Thrasher.

Turdus rufus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 169.
Harporhynchus rufus CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 82.
[B 261, 2610, C 10, R 13, C 17.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the Rocky Mountains,
north to southern Maine, Ontario, and Manitoba. Breeds from the
Gulf States, including eastern Texas, northward. Accidental in
Europe.

706. Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti (RIDGW.).

Bennett's Thrasher.

Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus. X. Aug. 6, 1888, 506.

[B 260, C 100, R 130, C 18.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern Texas, from Corpus Christi and
Laredo southward to central Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.

707. Harporhynchus curvirostris (SWAINS.).

Curve-billed Thrasher.

Orpheus curvirostris SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 369.
Harporhynchus curvirostris CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 81.

[B 259, 2590, C— , R 15, C 19.]

GEOG. DIST. — Tablelands of Mexico, from Oaxaca and Puebla
northward to southern New Mexico and southeastward in Texas to
the mouth of the Rio Grande.

7070. Harporhynchus curvirostris palmeri COUES.

Palmer's Thrasher.

Harporhynchus curvirostris var. palmeri " RIDGW." COUES, Key,
1872, 351.

[B— , C n, R 150, C 20.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona, from about fifty miles northwest
of Phoenix south to Guaymas, Sonora.

708. Harporhynchus bendirei COUES.

Bendire's Thrasher.

Harporhynchus bendirei COUES, Am. Nat. VII. 1873, 330.

294 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C n bis, R 140, C 2i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona, from Phoenix and the Painted Desert south
to Guaymas, Sonora. Westward casually to Agua Caliente, California.
Accidental (?) at Colorado Springs, Colorado.

709. Harporhynchus cinereus XANTUS.

St. Lucas Thrasher.

Harporhynchus cinereus XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859,
298.

[B— , C 12, R 14, C 22.]

GEOG. DIST. — Lower California, from Cape St. Lucas north to
San Quintin (Lat. 30° 30').

709 a. Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi ANTHONY.

Mearns's Thrasher.

Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi ANTHONY, Auk, XII. Jan. 1895,

53-

[B- C-, R— , C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Lower California.

SUBGENUS HARPORHYNCHUS CABANIS.

Harporhynchus CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1848, i.gS. Type, Harpes
rediviva GAME.

710. Harporhynchus redivivus (GAME.).

Californian Thrasher.

Harpes rediviva GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1845, 264.
Harporhynchus redivivus CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1848, i. 98.

[B 256, C 13, R 16, C 23.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of California, from the heads of the
Sacramento and Russian River valleys south to El Rosario, Lower
California (Lat. 30°).

711. Harporhynchus lecontei (LAWR.).

Leconte's Thrasher.

Toxostoma lecontei LAWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. V. 1852, 121.
Harporhynchus lecontii BONAP. Notes Coll. Delattre, 1854, 39.

ORDER PASSERES. 295

[B 257, C 13*, R 16*, C 24.]

GEOG. DIST. — Desert region of southern California, Nevada, and
extreme southwestern Utah, from Benton, Cal. (Lat. 38°), southeast-
ward through Arizona to Sonora (Lat. 30°). Local in the southern
San Joaquin Valley.

712. Harporhynchus crissalis (HENRY).

Crissal Thrasher.

loxostoma crissalis HENRY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 117.
Harporhynchus crissalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 350.

[B 258, C 14, R 17, C 25-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southwestern United States, from western Texas to
the Colorado Desert, California, and northern Lower California;
north to the Charleston Mountains, Nevada, and St. George, Utah.

SUBFAMILY TROGLODYTIN.33. WRENS.

GENUS HELEODYTES CABANIS.

Heleodytes CABANIS, Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 80. Type, Furnarius.
griseus SWAIN.

713. Heleodytes brunneicapillus (LAFR.).

Cactus Wren.

Picolaptes brunneicapillus LAFR. Mag. de Zool. 1835, 61, pi. 47.
Heleodytes brunneicapillus FISHER, N. Am. Fauna, No. 7, May 31,
1893, 130.

[B 262, C 43, R 56, C 63.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from the
Lower Rio Grande in Texas to southern California, north to south-
western Utah, and south to central Mexico.

713 a. Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti ANTHONY.

Bryant's Cactus Wren.

Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti ANTHONY, Auk, XL July, 1894,

212.

[B262,/*r/, C 43. /«>•/, R & P*rt, C 63, /ar/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Lower California, north into southern
California.

296 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

713 b. Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis (XANTUS).

St. Lucas Cactus Wren.

Campylorhynchus affinis XANTUS, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1859,

298.

Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis ANTHONY, Auk, XII. July, 1895,
280.

[B— , C44,R57, C64.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Lower California.

GENUS SALFINCTES CABANIS.

Salpinctes CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, i. 323. Type, Troglodytes
obsoletus SAY.

715. Salpinctes obsoletus (SAY).

Rock Wren.

Troglodytes obsoletus SAY, LONG'S Exp. II. 1823, 4.
Salpinctes obsoletus CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, i. 323.

[B 264, C 45, R 58, C 65.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the western border of
the Plains to the Pacific, north to Dakota, Montana, and British
Columbia; south on the tablelands of Mexico and Guatemala to
Salvador. Breeds throughout its range, and is resident from about
the southern border of the United States southward.

716. Salpinctes guadeloupensis RIDGW.

Ouadalupe Rock Wren.

Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. &
Geog. Serv. Terr. II. No. 2, April, 1876, 185.

Salpinctes guadalupensis RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July,
1877, 60.

[B— C-,R58*, C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

GENUS CATHERPES BAIRD.

Catherpes BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 356. Type, Thryothorus mex-
icanus SWAINS.

ORDER PASSERES. 297

[717.] Catherpes mexicanus (SWAINS.).

White-throated Wren.

Thryothorus mexicanus SWAINS. Zool. 111. 2d ser. I. 1829, pi. n.
Catherpes mexicanus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 356.

[6263, C- R59, C66.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico, from Oaxaca and Orizaba northward on the
tablelands. Texas (GIRAUD).

717 a. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus RIDGW.

Canon Wren.

Catherpes mexicanus var. conspersus RIDGW. Am. Nat. VII. Oct.
1873,602.

[B 2$s,part, C 46, R 59«, C 67.]

GEOG. DIST. — Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region, from the
Sierra Nevada and Cascades eastward to southern Idaho, Wyoming,
Colorado, and western Texas ; south on the tablelands of Mexico to
Aguas Calientes. Breeds nearly throughout its range ; resident in
the southern parts of its United States distribution.

717 b. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus RIDGW.

Dotted Cafion Wren.

Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
Sept. 5, 1882, 343.

[B 26$, part, C 46,/0r/, R 59, part, C 67, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Oregon and California, west of the Cascades and
Sierra Nevada, and Lower California. Resident from central Cali-
fornia southward.

GENUS THRYOTHORUS VIEILLOT.

SUBGENUS THRYOTHORUS.

Thryothorus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 45. Type, Troglodytes
arundinaceus VIEILL. = Sylvia ludoviciana LATH.

298 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

718. Thryothorus ludovicianus (LATH.).

Carolina Wren.

Sylvia ludoviciana LATH. Ind. Orn. II. 1790, 548.

Thryothorus ludovicianus BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, n.

[B 265, C 47, R 60, C 68.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New York,
southern Michigan, and southern Nebraska ; west to the Plains.
Rare or casual in southern New England and southern Ontario.
Resident nearly throughout its range.

7180. Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis RIDGW.

Florida Wren.

Thryothorus ludovicianus var. miamensis RIDGW. Am. Nat. IX.
Aug. 1875, 469-

[B 265, part, C \1,part, R 6o£, C 69.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Florida.

718£. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis SENN.

Lomita Wren.

Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis SENN. Auk, VII. Jan. 1890,
58.

[B 265,/^r/, C tf,part, R 60, part, C 68, partJ]
GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern Texas.

SUBGENUS THRYOMANES SCLATER.

Thryomanes SCL. Cat. Am. B. 1861, 22. Type, Troglodytes
bewickii AUD.

719. Thryothorus bewickii (AUD.).

Bewick's Wren.

Troglodytes bewickii AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 96, pi. 18.
Thryothorus bewickii BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, n.

[6267, C48, R6i, C7i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, west to the eastern border
of the Plains and eastern Texas ; rare east of the Alleghanies north
of Maryland and Delaware; north irregularly in the Mississippi
Valley to southern Minnesota. Migratory only along the northern
border of its range.

ORDER PASSERES. 299

719 a. Thryothoms bewickii spilurus (Vic.).

Vigors' s Wren.

Troglodytes spilurus VIG. Zool. Voy. Bloss. 1839, 18, pi. 4, fig. i.
Thryothorus bewickii var. spilurus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. 1864,
126.

, C73.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of North America, from British
Columbia southward to Lower California and western Mexico.
Breeds nearly throughout its range ; resident from central California
southward.

719 £. Thryothorus bewickii bairdi (SALV. & GODM.).

Baird's Wren.

Thryothorus bairdi SALV. & GODM. Biol. Centr.-Am. Aves, I. April,

1880, 95.
Thryothorus bewickii bairdi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 354-

[B— , C 480, R 6i£, C 72.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern Texas, Arizona, and California east of the
Sierra Nevada, north to middle Kansas, Colorado, and southern
Utah, south into Mexico. Breeds throughout its range; resident
from Arizona and Kansas southward.

719.1. Thryothorus leucophrys ANTHONY.

San Clemente Wren.

Thryothorus leucophrys ANTHONY, Auk, XII. Jan. 1895, 52.

[B— C— R— , C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — San Clemente Island, California.

720. Thryothorus brevicauda (RIDGW.).

Guadalupe Wren.

Thryomanes brevicauda RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv.

Terr. II. No. 2, April i, 1876, 186.
Thryothorus brevicauda SHARP E, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. VI. 1881, 227.

[B— C— R62, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

300 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS TROGLODYTES VIEILLOT.

SUBGENUS TROGLODYTES.

Troglodytes VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 52. Type, T. aedon
VIEILL.

721. Troglodytes aedon VIEILL.

House Wren.

Troglodytes aedon VIEILL. Ois. Am. Sept. II. 1807, 52, pi. 107.
[B 270, 272, C 49> R 63, C 74.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States and southern Ontario, west
to Indiana and Louisiana. Resident from the middle districts south-
ward.

721 a. Troglodytes aedon parkmanii (Auo.).

Parkman's Wren.

Troglodytes parkmanii AMD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 310.
Troglodytes cedon var. parkmanni COUES, Key, 1872, 87.

[6271, C49^> £630, C 75.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of British Columbia, Wash-
ington, Oregon, and northern California.

721 b. Troglodytes aedon aztecus BAIRD.

Western House Wren.

Troglodytes czdon var. aztecus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept. 1864,
139-
[B 27 1, part, C ^a,part, R 63^, part, C 75, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, except Pacific coast, east to
Manitoba and Illinois, south into Mexico.

SUBGENUS ANORTHURA RENNIE.

Anorthura RENNIE, MONT. Orn. Diet. ed. 2, 1831, 570. Type,
Motadlla troglodytes LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 30!

722. Troglodytes hiemalis VIEILL.

Winter Wren.

Troglodytes hiemalis VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXIV.
1819, 514.

[B 273, C 50, R 65, C 76.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America generally, breeding from
the northern parts of the United States northward, and in the
Alleghanies south to North Carolina, and wintering from about its
southern breeding limit southward.

722 a. Troglodytes hiemalis pacificus BAIRD.

Western Winter Wren.

Troglodytes hyemalis var. pacificus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept.
1864, 145.

[B 273, part, C 50,/af/, R 650, C 77.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from Sitka to southern California,
and eastward to the mountains of Idaho ; south, in winter, to Mexico.

723. Troglodytes alascensis BAIRD.

Alaskan Wren.

Troglodytes alascensis BAIRD, Trans. Chic. Ac. Sci. I. 1869, 315,

pl. 3°» fig- 3-

[B— , C5oa, R66, C78.]

GEOG. DIST. — Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, Alaska.

GENUS CISTOTHORUS CABANIS.

SUBGENUS CISTOTHORUS.

Cistothorus CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 77. Type, Troglodytes
stellaris LIGHT.

724. Cistothorus stellaris (LIGHT.).

Short-billed Marsh Wren.

Troglodytes stellaris LIGHT, in NAUM. Vog. Deutschl. III. 1823,

tab. ad p. 724.
Cistothorus stellaris CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 77.

302 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 269, C 52, R 68, C 81.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to southern New
Hampshire, southern Ontario, southern Michigan, and southern
Manitoba, and west to the Plains. Winters in the South Atlantic
and Gulf States.

SUBGENUS TELMATODYTES CABANIS.

Telmatodytes CAB. Mus. Hein. I. 1850, 78. Type, Certhia palus-
tris WILS.

725. Cistothorus palustris (WILS.).

Long-billed Marsh Wren.

Certhia palustris WILS. Am. Orn. II. 1810, 58, pi. 12, fig. 4.
Cistothorus (Telmatodytes) palustris BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 364.

[B268, C5i,R67, C79.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, north to Massachusetts,
Ontario, and southern Manitoba, wintering from the Gulf States
south to eastern Mexico, and locally as far north as southern New
England. Breeds throughout its United States and British American
range.

725 a. Cistothorus palustris paludicola BAIRD.

Tule Wren.

Cistothorus palustris, var. paludicola BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. Sept.
1864, 148.

[B 268, part, C 51, part, R 67^7, C 80.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, east to the Rocky Moun-
tains and north to British Columbia ; south to southern Mexico.
Breeds nearly throughout its range, and winters from Oregon
southward.

725 £. Cistothorus palustris griseus BREWST.

Worthington's Marsh Wren.

Cistothorus palustris griseus BREWST. Auk, X. July, 1893, 216.

[B 268, part, C $^part, R 67, part, C 79, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of South Carolina and Georgia.

ORDER PASSERES. 303

725.1. Cistothorus marianae SCOTT.

Marian's Marsh Wren.

Cistothorus mariancz SCOTT, Auk, V. April, 1888, 188.

[B— , C— , R-, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Western Florida.

FAMILY CERTHIID-ZE. CREEPERS.

GENUS CERTHIA LINNAEUS.

Certhia LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 118. Type, by elimination,
C.familiaris LINN.

726. Certhia familiaris americana (BONAP.).

Brown Creeper.

Certhia americana BONAP. Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, n.
Certhia familiaris var. americana RIDGW. Bull. ILssex Inst. V.
1873, 180.

[6275, €42, R55> C62.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from the northern
and more elevated parts of the United States northward, and casually
further south, migrating southward in winter.

7260. Certhia familiaris alticola MILLER.

Mexican Creeper.

Certhia familiaris alticola MILLER, Auk, XII. April, 1895, r86.

[6276, C— R55<7, C — .]
GEOG. DIST. — Guatemala, Mexico, and southern Arizona.

726 £. Certhia familiaris montana RIDGW.

Rocky Mountain Creeper.

\Certhia familiaris\ monta?ia RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
July 8, 1882, 114.

[B 275,/tfr/, C 42, part, R 5 5, /a/"/, C 62,/«r/.]
GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, from northern Mexico to Alaska.

304 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

726 c. Certhia familiaris occidentalis RIDGW.

Californian Creeper.

\Certhia familiaris~\ occidentalis RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
JulyS, 1882, 114.

[B 275, part, C 42, part, R 55, part, C 62, part.]
GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from California to southern Alaska.

FAMILY FARIDuE. NUTHATCHES AND TITS.
SUBFAMILY SITTINJB. NUTHATCHES.

GENUS SITTA LINNAEUS.

Sitta LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 115. Type, S. europaa LINN.
727. Sitta carolinensis LATH.

White-breasted Nuthatch.

Sitta carolinensis LATH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 262.
[B277, C38, R5i, C57.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States, from Georgia north to the
southern British Provinces, and west to the Rocky Mountains.

727 a. Sitta carolinensis aculeata (CASS.).

Slender-billed Nuthatch.

Sitta aculeata CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Oct. 1856, 254.
Sitta carolinensis var. aculeata ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III. No. 6,
July, 1872, 161.

[6278, C38tf, RSi«, C58.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America, east to the Plains, and
south into Mexico.

727 £. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi SCOTT.

Florida White-breasted Nuthatch.

Sitta carolinensis atkinsi SCOTT, Auk, VII. April, 1890, 118.

ORDER PASSERES. 305

[B 277, part, C 38, part, R $i, part, C 57,/«r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — Florida, and northward along the coast to South
Carolina.

728. Sitta canadensis LINN.

Red-breasted Nuthatch.

Sitta canadensis LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 177.
[B 279, C 39, R 52, C 59.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America at large, breeding from northern
New England, northern New York, and northern Michigan north-
ward, and southward in the Alleghanies, Rocky Mountains, and
Sierra Nevada ; in winter south to about the southern border of the
United States.

729. Sitta pusilla LATH.

Brown-headed Nuthatch.

Sitta pusilla LATH. Ind. Orn. I. 1790, 263.
[B 280, C 40, R 53, C 60.]

GEOG. DIST. — South Atlantic and Gulf States, north to southern
Maryland and (casually ? ) Ohio, Missouri, etc.

730. Sitta pygmaea VIG.

Pygmy Nuthatch.

Sitta pygmtza VIG. Zool. Beechey's Voy. 1839, 25, pi. 4.

[B28i, C4i, R54, C6i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from New Mexico, Colorado
and Montana to southern California, Washington, and eastern.
British Columbia ; southward in Mexico to Mt. Orizaba.

730 a. Sitta pygmaea leuconucha ANTHONY.

White-naped Nuthatch.

Sitta pygmcea leuconucha ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. 2d ser.
II. Oct. u, 1889, 77.

[B 281, part, C ^part, R 54, part, C 6i,/#r/.]
GEOG. DIST. — San Pedro Mountains, Lower California.

20

306 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

SUBFAMILY PARING. TITMICE.
GENUS PARUS LINNAEUS.

SUBGENUS LOPHOPHANES KAUP.

Lophophanes KAUP, Entw. Gesch. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 92. Type,
Parus cristatus LINN.

731. Parus bicolor LINN.

Tufted Titmouse.

Parus bicolor LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 340.
[B 285, C 27, R 36, C 40.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, north to
northern New Jersey and southern Iowa ; casual in southern New
England. Resident throughout its breeding range.

731 a. Parus bicolor texensis SENN.

Texan Tufted Titmouse.

Parus bicolor texensis SENN. Auk, IV. Jan. 1887, 29.

[B- C- R- C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern Texas (Bee and Cameron Counties).

732. Parus atricristatus CASS.

Black-crested Titmouse.

Parus atricristatus CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1850, 103, pi. 2.

[B 286, C 29, R 37, C 42.]
GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern Texas and eastern Mexico.

733. Farus inornatus GAME.

Plain Titmouse.

Parus inornatus GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Aug. 1845, 2^5-

[B 287, part, C 28, part, R 38, part, C 41, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of California and western Oregon.

ORDER PASSERES. 307

733 #. Parus inornatus griseus RIDGW.

Gray Titmouse.

Lophophanes inornatus griseus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.

Sept. 5, 1882, 344.
Parus inornatus griseus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,

354-

[B 287, part, C 2%,part,^T$,part, C 41, /0r/.]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico and Colorado to Arizona, Nevada and
California east of the Sierra Nevada.

733 £. Parus inornatus cineraceus RIDGW.

Ashy Titmouse.

Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI.

Oct. 5, 1883, 154.
Pants inornatus cineraceus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 354.

[B- C- R-, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

734. Parus wollweberi (BONAP.).

Bridled Titmouse.

Lophophanes wollweberi BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXXI. Sept. 1850,

478.
Parus wollweberi HENRY, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1855, 309.

[B2S8,C3o, R39, B43.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Texas, southern New Mexico, southern
Arizona, and southward on the tableland of Mexico to Orizaba.

SUBGENUS PARUS LlNXyEUS.

Parus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 189. Type, by elimination,
P. major LINN.

735. Parus atricapillus LINN.

Chickadee.

Parus atricapillus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 341.

308 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 290, C 31, R 41, C 44.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, north of the_ Potomac and
Ohio Valleys.

735 a. Parus atricapillus septentrionalis (HARRIS).

Long-tailed Chickadee.

Parus septentrionalis HARRIS, Pr. Ac. Nat Sci. Phila. 1845, 300.
Parus atricapillus var. septentrionalis ALLEN, Bull. M. C. Z. III.
1872, 174.

[B 289, 2890, C 310, R 410, 045.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain Plateau region, east to Manitoba
and the Plains.

735 b. Parus atricapillus occidentalis (BAIRD).

Oregon Chickadee.

Parus occidentalis BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 391.

Parus atricapillus var. occidentalis COUES, Key, 1872,^81.

[6291, C3ir, R4i£, C46.]

GEOG. DIST. — Northwest coast region, from northern California
to Sitka.

736. Parus carolinensis AUD.

Carolina Chickadee.

Parus carolinensis AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 341, pi. 160.

[B293, C3i£, R42, C47-]

GEOG. DIST. — Southeastern States, north to New Jersey'and Illi-
nois, west to Missouri.

736 #. Parus carolinensis agilis SENN.

Plumbeous Chickadee.

Parus carolinensis agilis SENN. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 46.

[B- C-, R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern and central Texas (Bee, Victoria, Cook,
and Concho Counties, etc.).

ORDER PASSERES. 309

737. Parus meridionalis SCL.

Mexican Chickadee.

Parus meridionalis SCL. P. Z. S. 1856, 293.
[B292, C— , R43, C879.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountains of Mexico, from Orizaba north to south-
ern Arizona.

738. Parus gambeli RIDGW.

Mountain Chickadee.

Parus gambeli RIDGW. in A. O. U. Check-List, 1886, 335.
[B 294, C 32, R 40, C 48.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mountainous parts of the western United States,
from the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains to the Sierra Nevada,
north to British Columbia, Idaho, etc., and south to northern Lower
California.

739. Parus cinctus obtectus (CAB.).

Siberian Chickadee.

Parus (P&cild) obtectus CAB. J. f. O. 1871, 237.

Parus cinctus obtectus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.

[B— , C— , R44, C52.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern Alaska and eastern Siberia.

740. Parus hudsonicus FORST.

Hudsonian Chickadee.

Parus hudsonicus FORST. Phil. Trans. LXII. 1772, 383, 430.

[B 296, C 33, R 45. C 49-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern North America, from the more elevated
parts of the northern United States (northern New England, north-
ern New York, northern Michigan, etc.) northward.

740 a. Parus hudsonicus stoneyi (RIDGW.).

Kowak Chickadee.

Parus stoneyi RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. Aug. 1887, 591.

Parus hudsonicus stoneyi A.. O. U. Check-List, ist Suppl. 1889, 17.

3IO CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B— , C — R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Valley of the Kowak River, northwestern Alaska.

740 £. Parus hudsonicus columbianus RHOADS.

Columbian Chickadee.

Parus hudsonicus columbianus RHOADS, Auk, X. Jan. 1893, 23.
[B 296, part, C 33,/tff/, R Q, part, C 49, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountains, from Liard River south into
Montana.

741. Parus rufescens TOWNS.

Chestnut-backed Chickadee.

Parus rufescens TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII. ii. 1837,
190.

[B 295, part, C z^part, R 46, C 50.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast district of Oregon, Washington, British
Columbia, and southern Alaska.

741 a. Parus rufescens neglectus RIDGW.

California Chickadee.

Parus rufescens ft. neglectus RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. I. April
25, 1879, 485.

[B 295,/ar/', C z^Part, R 4^, C 51.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast of California, from Monterey County north-
ward.

SUBFAMILY CHAM-SIIN^E. WREN-TITS AND Busn-Tixs.

GENUS CHAMJEA GAMBEL.

Cham&a GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1847, 154. Type, Parus
fasciatus GAME.

742. Chamsea fasciata GAME.

Wren-Tit.

Parus fasciatus GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. Aug. 1845, 2^S-
Champa fasciata GAME. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1847, 154.

ORDER PASSERES. 31 1

[B 21 4, part, C 26, part, R $$, part, C 39, fart.]

GEOG. DIST. — Coast region of California north at least to Hum-
boldt Bay.

742 a. Chamaea fasciata henshawi RIDGW.

Pallid Wren-Tit.

Chamaa fasciata henshawi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. V. June
5, 1882, 13.

[B 2>n, part, C 26, part, R 3$, part, C 39.

GEOG. DIST. — Interior of California, including the western slope
of the Sierra Nevada, from the head of the Sacramento Valley south
to northern Lower California.

GENUS PSALTRIPARUS BONAPARTE.

Psaltriparus BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXXI. 1850, 478. Type,
Parus melanotis HARTL.

743. Psaltriparus minimus (TOWNS.).

Bush-Tit.

Parus minimus TOWNS. Journ. Ac. Nat Sci. Phila. VII. ii. 1837,

190.
Psaltriparus minimus BONAP. Compt. Rend. XXXVIII. 1854, 62.

[B 298, part, C 3$, part, R w,part, C 53, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region, from northern California to
Washington.

743 a. Psaltriparus minimus californicus RIDGW.

California Bush-Tit.

Psaltriparus minimus californicus RIDGW. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. II.
April 10, 1884, 89.

[B 298, part, C 3$, part, KM, part, C 53, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — California, except the northern coast district.

312 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

743 b. Psaltriparus minimus grindae (BELDING).

Grinda's Bush-Tit.

Psaltriparus grinda BELD. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI. Oct. 5, 1883,

155-

Psaltriparus minimus grindcz RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 354.

[B- C-, R— , C-.]
GEOG. DIST. — Lower California.

744. Psaltriparus plumbeus BAIRD.

Lead-colored Bush-Tit.

Psaltria plumbea BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 118.
Psaltriparus plumbeus BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 398.

[6299, C36, R48, CS4-]

GEOG. DIST. — New Mexico and Arizona, north to eastern Oregon
and western Wyoming.

744.1. Psaltriparus santaritas RIDGW.

Santa Rita Bush-Tit.

Psaltriparus santaritce. RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, X. Sept. 19,
1888, 697.

[B -, C -, R — , C -.]
GEOG. DIST. — Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona.

745. Fsaltriparus lloydi SENNETT.

Lloyd's Bush-Tit.

Psaltriparus lloydi SENN. Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 43.

[6297, C— , R49, CSS-]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Texas (mountains between Pecos River
and Rio Grande), and west to eastern Sonora.

GENUS AURIPARUS BAIRD.

Auriparus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. July, 1864, 85. Type,
dELgithalus flaviceps SUND.

ORDER PASSERES. 313

746. Auriparus flaviceps (SUND.).

Verdin.

^Egithalus flaviceps SUND. Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh. VII. 1850, 129.
Auriparus flaviceps BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. July, 1864, 85.

[B 300, C 37, R 50, C 56.].

GEOG. DIST. — Southern border of the United States, from the
Valley of the Rio Grande to Arizona and southern California, north
to southern Nevada and southwestern Utah, and south to Lower
California, Zacatecas, and southern Tamaulipas. Resident nearly
throughout its range.

FAMILY SYIiVIID-ffi. WARBLERS, KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS.
SUBFAMILY SYLVIIN-5J. WARBLERS.

GENUS PHYLLOPSEUSTES MEYER.

Phyllopseustes MEYER, Vog. Lifl. Estl. 1815, 122. Type, Sylvia
sibilatrix BECHST.

747. Phyllopseustes borealis (BLAS.).

Kennicott's Willow Warbler.

Phyllopneuste borealis BLASIUS, Naumannia, 1858, 313.
Phyllopseustes borealis MEVES, J. f. O. 1875, 429-

[B— , C 20, R34, C32.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northeastern Asia and Alaska.

SUBFAMILY REGULINJE. KINGLETS.

GENUS REGULUS CUVIER.

Regulus Cuv. Le9- d'Anat. Comp. I. 1799-1800, tab. ii. Type,
Motacilla regulus LINN.

748. Regulus satrapa LIGHT.

Golden-crowned Kinglet.

Regulus satrapa LIGHT. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35.

314 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 162, part, C 22, part, R 33, C 34.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America generally, breeding in the northern
and elevated parts of the United States and northward, migrating
south in winter to Guatemala.

748#. Regulus satrapa olivaceus BAIRD.

Western Golden-crowned Kinglet.

Regulus satrapa var. olivaceus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. July, 1864,

65 (in text under R. satrapa).

'
[B 162, part, C 22, part, R 330, C 35.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of North America, from Cali-
fornia northward.

749. Regulus calendula (LINN.).

Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

Motacilla calendula LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 337.
Regulus calendula LIGHT. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35.

[B 161, C 21, R 30, C 33.]

GEOG. DIST. — North America, south to Guatemala, north to the.
Arctic coast, breeding chiefly north of the United States, and in the
Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and the mountains of Arizona.

760. Regulus obscurus RIDGW.

Dusky Kinglet.

Regulus calendula obscurus RIDGW. Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog.

Surv. Terr. II. No. 2, April i, 1876, 184.
Regulus obscurus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. July, 1877, 59-

[B— C— , R3i, C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

SUBFAMILY POLIOFTILIN2E. GNATCATCHERS.

GENUS POLIOPTILA SCLATER.
Polioptila SCL. P. Z. S. 1855, n. Type, Motacilla ccerulea LINN.

ORDER PASSERES. 315

751. Polioptila caerulea (LINN.).

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.

Motacilla ccerulea LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 337.
Polioptila carulea SCL. P. Z. S. 1855, n.

[B 282, C 23, R 27, C 36.]

GEOG. DIST. — Middle and southern portions of the eastern United
States, south, in winter, to Guatemala, Cuba, and the Bahamas ; rare
north toward the Great Lakes, southern New York, and southern
New England, accidental north to Massachusetts and Maine. Breeds
throughout its United States range, and winters from the South
Atlantic and Gulf States southward.

751 a. Polioptila caenilea obscura RIDGW.

Western Gnatcatcher.

Polioptila carula obscura RIDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. V.
March 21, 1883, 535, foot-note.

[B 2%2,part, C 23, part, R 27, part, C 36, part.]

GEOG. DIST. — Arizona, California, Lower California, and western
Mexico.

752. Polioptila plumbea BAIRD.

Plumbeous Gnatcatcher.

Culicivora plumbea BAIRD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. June, 1854, 118.
Polwptila plumbea BAIRD, B. N. A. 1858, 382.

[B 283, C 25, R 28, C 38.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western Texas to eastern edge of Mohave Desert
and eastern coast of Lower California.

753. Polioptila californica BREWST.

Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.

Polioptila californica BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. April,
1881, 103.

[B 284, C 24, R 29, C 37.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern California and Pacific coast of Lower
California.

CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

FAMILY TURDID.ffi. THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, STONECHATS,
BLUEBIRDS, ETC.

SUBFAMILY MYADESTIN-SJ. SOLITAIRES.

GENUS MYADESTES SWAINSON.

Myadestes SWAINS. Nat. Libr. XIII. Flycatchers, 1838, 132,
Type, M. genibarbis SWAINS.

754. Myadestes townsendii (Auo.).

Townsend's Solitaire.

Ptiliogonys townsendii AUD. Orn. Biog. V. 1839, 206, pi. 419,

fig. 2.
Myiadestes townsendi CAB. Wiegm. Archiv, 1847, i. 208.

[6235, C 121, R 25, C 169.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the Plains westward
to the Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, and south, in winter,
to the southern border of Arizona and northern Lower California.
Breeds from the mountains of New Mexico, southern Arizona, and
central California northward.

SUBFAMILY TURDIN^J. THRUSHES.

GENUS TURDUS LINN^US.

SUBGENUS HYLOCICHLA BAIRD.

Hylocichla BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, 12. Type, Turdus
mustelinus GMEL.

755. Turdus mustelinus GMEL.

Wood Thrush.

Turdus mustelinus GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 817.

ORDER PASSERES. 317

[B 148, C 3, R i, C 6.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, north to
southern Michigan, Ontario, and Massachusetts, south, in winter, to
Guatemala and Cuba. Breeds from Virginia, Kentucky, and Kansas
northward.

756. Turdus fuscescens STEPH.

Wilson's Thrush.

Turdus fuscescens STEPH. Gen. Zool. X. i. 1817, 182.

[Bi5i, C6, R2, C7.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the Plains, north to
Manitoba, Ontario, Anticosti, and Newfoundland. Breeds from
northern New Jersey and the northern part of the Lake States
northward ; winters sparingly in Florida, but chiefly south of the
United States.

756 a. Turdus fuscescens salicicola (RIDGW.).

Willow Thrush.

Hylodchla fuscescens salicicola RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. IV.

April 6, 1882, 374.
Turdus fuscescens salicicola COUES, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 246.

[B— , C-, R— ,C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia,
east to Dakota, occasionally to Illinois, casually to South Carolina ;
in winter south to southern Brazil.

757. Turdus aliciae BAIRD.

Gray-cheeked Thrush.

Turdus alicice BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 217.
[B 154, C50, R3, C 12.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, west to the Plains, Alaska,
and eastern Siberia, north to the Arctic coast, south, in winter, to
Costa Rica. Breeds chiefly north of the United States.

757 a. Turdus aliciae bicknelli (RIDGW.).

BicknelPs Thrush.

Hylodchla alicice bicknelli RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. IV. April 6,

1882, 377.
Turdus alicice bicknelli COUES, Key, ed. 2, 1884, 248.

318 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 154, part, C $a,part, R $, part, C 12, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Mountainous parts of the northeastern States (Cat-
skills, White Mountains, etc.) and Nova Scotia, migrating south in
winter.

758. Turdus ustulatus NUTT.

Russet-backed Thrush.

Turdus ustulatus NUTT. Man. Orn. Land. B. ed. 2, 1840, 830
(cestulatus, err. typ. p. 400).

[B 152, C 5 3, R4> C ii.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast region of North America, from Alaska
to California, south in winter to northern Lower California, Mexico,

and Guatemala.

v

758 a. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii (CAB.).

Olive-backed Thrush.

Turdus swainsonii CAB. Fauna Per. 1845-46, 187.
Turdus ustulatus /?. swainsoni RIDGW. Field & Forest, II. May,
l877> 195-

[B 153, C 5, R 4«, C 13.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, and westward to the Upper
Columbia River and East Humboldt Mountains, straggling to the
Pacific coast. Southward in winter to Cuba, Guatemala, Nicaragua,
Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Casual in Bermuda. Breeds in the
northern Alleghanies, the Catskills, the mountainous parts of southern
New England, southern Sierra Nevada, and northward.

759. Turdus aonalaschkae GMEL.

Dwarf Hermit Thrush.

Turdus aonalaschka GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 808.

[B 150, C 4J, R 5, C 8.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific Coast region, from Alaska to Lower Cali-
fornia and western Mexico, east during migrations, to Nevada and
Arizona. Breeds from the southern Sierra Nevada in California
northward.

QRDER PASSERES. 319

759 a. Turdus aonalaschkae auduboni (BAIRD).

Audubon's Hermit Thrush.

Turdus auduboni BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. June, 1864, 16.
Turdus aonalaschka auduboni RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
March 27, 1880, i.

[B 1490, C 40, R 5 a, C 9.]

GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain region, from near the northern
border of the United States south to the highlands of Mexico and
Guatemala, west to the mountains of Arizona and southern Cali-
fornia.

759 £. Turdus aonalaschkae pallasii (CAB.).

Hermit Thrush.

Turdus pallasii CAB. Wiegm. Archiv. 1847, i. 205.
Turdus aonalaschka pallasi RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.
March 27, 1880, i.

[B 149, C 4, R 5*> c I0-]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America, breeding from the northern
Alleghanies, the mountainous parts of southern New England,
southern New York, and northern Michigan, etc., northward, and
wintering from the Northern States southward.

SUBGENUS TURDUS LINX^EUS.

Turdus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 168. Type, by elimination,
T. viscivorus LINN.

[760.] Turdus iliacus LINN.

Red- winged Thrush.

Turdus iliacus LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 168.

[B— , C-, R6, C4-]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; accidental in
Greenland.

GENUS MERULA LEACH.

Merula LEACH, Syst. Cat. Brit. Mam. & B. 1816, 20. Type,
Turdus merula LINN.

320

CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

761. Merula migratoria (LINN.).

American Robin.

Turdus migratorius LINN. S. N. ed. 12, I. 1766, 292.
Merula migratoria SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827, 368.

[B iss,/*rf, C i,/«r/, R;, C i.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern North America to the Rocky Mountains,
including eastern Mexico and Alaska. Breeds from Virginia and
Kansas northward to the Arctic coast ; winters from southern Canada
and the Northern States (irregularly) southward. Casual in Bermuda.
Accidental in Europe.

761 a. Merula migratoria propinqua RIDGW.

Western Robin.

1\urdus\ propinquus RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II. Jan.

1877, 9.
Merula migratoria propinqua RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III.

Aug. 24, 1880, 1 66.

[B i55,/flrf, C ^part, R 70, C 2.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western United States, from the eastern -base of
the Rocky Mountains westward, and south to northern Lower Cali-
fornia and the tablelands of Mexico.

762. Merula confinis (BAIRD).

St. Lucas Robin.

1 urdus confinis BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, 29.
Merula confinis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880,
166.

[B— , C 10, R 8, C3.]

GEOG. DIST. — Cape region of Lower California ; accidental at
Hayward, California.

GENUS HESPEROCICHLA BAIRD.

Hesperocichla BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. June, 1864, J2. Type,
Turdus ncevius GMEL.

ORDER PASSERES. 321

763. Hesperocichla naevia (GMEL.).

Varied Thrush.

Turdus n&vius GMEL. S. N. I. ii. 1788, 817.
Hesperocichla ncevia RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24,
1880, 166.

[B 156, C 2, R 9, C 5.]

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast of North America, from Bering Strait
to southern California. Accidental on Guadalupe Island, Lower
California, and in New Jersey, Long Island, and Massachusetts.

GENUS CYANECULA BREHM.

Cyanecula BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1280. Type, Motacilla suecica
[764.] Cyanecula suecica (LINN.).

Red-spotted Bluethroat.

Motacilla suecica LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 187.
Cyanecula suecica BREHM, Isis, 1828, 1280.

[B— , C— , R 20, C 31.]
GEOG. DIST. — Northern parts of the Old World ; casual in Alaska.

GENUS SAXICOLA BECHSTEIN.

Saxicola BECHST. Orn. Taschb. 1803, 216. Type, Motacilla
cenanthe LINN.

765. Saxicola cenanthe (LINN.).

Wheatear.

Motacilla cenanthe LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 186.
Saxicola cenanthe BECHST. Orn. Taschb. 1803, 217.

[B 157, C 15, R2i, C26.]

GEOG. DIST. — Europe, North Africa, Asia, Alaska, Greeenland,
and Labrador, straggling southward to Nova Scotia, Maine, Long
Island, and Bermuda. Accidental at New Orleans, La.

21

322 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

GENUS SI ALIA SWAINSON.

Sialia SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. May, 1827, 369. Type, Motacilla
sialis LINN.

766. Sialia sialis (LINN.).

Bluebird.

Motacilla sialis LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 187.
Sialia sialis HALDEM. TREGO'S Geog. Penn. 1843, 77.

[B 158, C 1 6, R 22, C 27.]

GEOG. DIST. — Eastern United States to the eastern base of the
Rocky Mountains, north to Manitoba, Ontario, and Nova Scotia,
south, in winter, from the Middle States to the Gulf States and Cuba.
Bermuda, resident.

7660. Sialia sialis azurea (SWAINS.).

Azure Bluebird.

Sialia azurea BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. July, 1884, 62.
Sialia sialis vat. azurea B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. I. Jan. 1874,
62.

[B— C— R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — Southern Arizona and eastern Mexico.

767. Sialia mexicana occidentalis (TOWNS.).

Western Bluebird.

Sialia occidentalis TOWNS. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. VII.

1837, 188.
Sialia mexicana occidentalis RIDGW. Auk, XI. April, 1894, 151,

154.

[B impart, C IT, part, R 23, part, C 28, part.}

GEOG. DIST. — Pacific coast, from British Columbia to southern
California, east to western Nevada, and casually, during migrations,
to New Mexico.

ORDER PASSERES. 323

767 a. Sialia mexicana bairdi RIDGW.

Chestnut-backed Bluebird.

Sialia mexicana bairdi RIDGW. Auk, XI. April, 1894, 151, 157.

[B i59,/*rf, C 17,/arf, R 23, part, C 28, part.}
GEOG. DIST. — Rocky Mountain district, south to northern Mexico.

767 £. Sialia mexicana anabelae ANTHONY.

San Pedro Bluebird.

Sialia mexicana anabela ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 2d
Ser. II. Oct. 1889, 79.

[B— C— R— C— .]
GEOG. DIST. — San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.

768. Sialia arctica SWAINS.

Mountain Bluebird.

Erythaca (Sialia) arctica SWAINS, in Sw. & RICH. Fauna Bor.
Am. II. 1831, 209, pi. 39.

[B 160, C 18, R 24, C 29.]

GEOG. DIST. — Western North America (chiefly the interior), from
the western parts of the Plains to the Pacific, north to Great Slave
Lake, south to northern Mexico.

HYPOTHETICAL LIST.1

FAMILY PODICIPIDJE

1. JEchmophorus clarkli (LAWR.).

Clark's Grebe.

Podiceps clarkii LAWR. 'in BAIRD'S B. N. Am. 1858, 895.
ALchmophorus clarkii COUES, Pr. Ac. Nat Sci. Phila. 1862, 229.

[B 705, C 6080, R 730, C 846.]

Probably the female of ^£j. occidentalis (LAWR.). (Cf. HENSHAW,
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, pp. 214-218; B. B. & R., Water
B. N. Am. II. p. 423 ; and especially BRYANT, Auk, II. 1885,
PP- 313, 3J4-)

FAMILY ALCID-2E

2. Cepphus motzfeldi (BENICK.).

Black-winged Guillemot.

Uria motzfeldi BENICK. Isis, Aug. 1824, 889.
Cepphus motzfeldi STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. Aug. 5, 1884,
210.

[B— C— R— C-.]

North American, but its specific validity not satisfactorily estab-
lished. (Cf. STEJN. /. c., and Water B. N. Am. II. 1884, pp. 497, 498.)

1 Consisting of species which have been recorded as North American, but whose
status as North American birds is doubtful, either from lack of positive evidence
of their occurrence within the prescribed limits of the present Check- List, or from
absence of satisfactory proof of their validity as species.

326 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

3. Cepphus carbo PALL.

Sooty Guillemot.

Cepphus carbo PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826, 350.

[B 728, C 633, R 762, C 873.]

No evidence of its occurrence in North America. (Cf. STEJN,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1884, pp. 225-227.)

FAMILY LARIDJE.

GENUS CREAGRUS BON.

Creagrus BON. Naumannia, 1854, 211. Type, Larus furcatus
NEBOUX.

4. Creagrus furcatus (NEB.).

Swallow-tailed Gull.

Larus furcatus NEB. Voy. 'Venus,' Atlas, pi. 10 (1846).
Creagrus furcatus BONAP. Naumannia, 1854, 213.

[B679, C559, R678, C79i.]

In all probability erroneously accredited to North America. At
least nine examples are now known, — the type, said to be from
Monterey, Cat., three from the Galapagos, one from the coast of Peru,
and four from Malpelo Island (Lat. 3° 59' N., Long. 8i°34j' W.).

FAMILY DIOMEDEID-ffi.
4.1. Diomedea exulans LINN.

Wandering Albatross.

Diomedea exulans LINN. S. N. ed. 10, 1. 1758, 132.

[B-, c— ;R-,C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Southern oceans ; said to have occurred in Tampa
Bay, Florida, and off coast of Washington. (Cf. COUES, Auk, II.
Oct. 1885, 387 ; XII. April, 1895, 178 ; RIDGWAY, Man. N. Am. B.
1887, 51. The Florida record is open to question, and the others
are unsatisfactory.)

HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 327

FAMILY FROCELLARIID.2E.

5. Puffinus kuhlii (BOIE).

Cinereous Shearwater.

Procellaria kuhlii BOIE, Isis, 1835, 257.
Puffinus kuhlii BONAP. Consp. II. 1856, 202.
[B 651, C 596, R7o8, C83i.]

An Eastern Atlantic species, of which no American specimens are
known to exist in collections.

6. Oceanodroma hornbyi (GRAY).

Hornby's Petrel.

Thalassidroma hornbyi GRAY, P. Z. S. 1853, 62.
Oceanodroma hornbyi BONAP. Consp. II. 1856, 195.

[B 641, C 592, R 727, C 827.]

A very distinct species, of which only one specimen has been
obtained, the alleged locality being the " northwest coast of America."

FAMILY FHALACROCORACID-SJ.

7. Phalacrocorax perspicillatus PALL.

Pallas s Cormorant.

Phalacrocorax perspicillatus PALL. Zoog. Rosso- As. II. 1826,305.

[£621, €533, R648, C 756.]

Believed, on good evidence, to be now extinct, as it unquestion-
ably is in the locality (Bering Island) where originally discovered.
Only four specimens are known to exist in collections, — two in
the St. Petersburgh Museum and one each in the Leyden and
British Museums. Even if existing, it has no valid claim to a place in
the North American fauna. (Cf. STEJN. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VI.
1883, p. 65.)

FAMILY ARDEID-ffi.
9. Ardea wuerdemanni BAIRD.

Wurdemann's Heron.

Ardea wurdemanni BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 669.

328 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B 488, C 450, R 486, part, C 6$6,part.~\

Believed to be either the colored phase of A. occidentalis AUD., or
an abnormal specimen of A. wardi RIDGW. (Cf. RIDGW. Bull. U. S.
Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. IV. No. i, 1878, pp. 229-236 ; Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Club, VII. 1882, pp. 1-6 ; Auk, I. 1884, pp. 161-163; Water
B. N. Am. I. 1884, pp. 7-13.)

10. Ardea (Dichromanassa) pealei BONAP.

Peale's Egret.

Ardea pealei BONAP. Ann. Lye. N. Y. II. 1826, 154.

[B 482, C 355, part, R 491, fart, C 66i,/*rf.]

Supposed to be the white phase of A. rufescens GMEL., but possibly
entitled to recognition as a local or geographical race.

FAMILY SCOLOPACIDJE.
11. Tringa (Actodromas) cooperi BAIRD.

Cooper's Sandpiper.

Tringa cooperi BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 716.

[6527, C422, R535, C 618.]

Known only from the single specimen from which the species was
originally described, taken on Long Island, in May, 1833, and still
extant in the National Museum. The status of the species is in
doubt.

11.1. Numenius arquatus (LINN.).

European Curlew.

Scolopax arquata LINN. Syst. Nat. I. 1758, 145.
Numenius arquatus LATH. Gen. Syn. Suppl. I. 1787, 291.

[B- C-, R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Northern Europe, migrating to southern Africa.
Recorded as occurring on Long Island, N. Y. (Cf. MARSHALL
and DUTCHER, Auk, IX. Oct. 1892, 390-392.) While there is no
question as to the proper identification of the specimen, the evidence
that it was taken on Long Island is not considered entirely satis-
factory.

HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 329

FAMILY CATHARTIDJB.

GENUS GrYPAG-US VIEILLOT.

Gypagus VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, 21. Type, by elimination,
Vultur papa LINN.

12. Gypagus papa (LINN.).

King Vulture.

Vultur papa LINN. S. N. ed. 10, I. 1758, 86.

Gypagus papa VIEILL. Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. XXXVI. 1819,

456-

[B- C— , R-, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Tropical continental America. Recorded as occur-
ring on the Rio Verde, Arizona, but its identity not satisfactorily
determined. (Cf. COUES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, p. 248.)

13. Cathartes burrovianus CASS.

Burroughs's Turkey Vulture.

Cathartes burrovianus CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. II. 1845, 2I2-
[B 4, C — R — , C — .]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico and eastern South America. Reported as
having been seen near Brownsville, Texas. (Cf. DRESSER, Ibis, 1865,
p. 322.)

FAMILY FALCONID.ffi.

14. Buteo cooperi CASS.

Cooper's Henhawk.

Buteo cooperi CASS. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. VIII. 1856, 253.

[629, C349, R437, C 514-]

Probably the light phase of B. harlani AUD. (Cf. RIDGW. Auk,
I. 1884, pp. 253, 254; ibid., II. 1885, pp. 165, 166.)

330 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

FAMILY PSITTACIDJB.

GENUS RHYNCHOPSITTA BONAPARTE.

Rhynchopsitta BONAP. Rev. et Mag. Zool. VI. 1854, 149. Type,

Macrocercus pachyrhynchus SWAINS.

16. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (SWAINS.).

Thick-billed Parrot.

Macrocercus pachyrhynchus SWAINS. Phil. Mag. I. 1827,439.
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha BONAP. Rev. et Mag. Zool. VI. 1854,
149.

[B64, C — , R39i, C— .]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico. There is said to be a specimen in " the
collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, labelled
Rio Grande, Texas, J. W. Audubon," but there is doubt as to whether
the specimen was really taken within the limits of the United States.
(Cf. BAIRD, Birds N. Am. 1858, p. 66, foot-note ; RIDGW. Man. N.
Am. B. 1887, 269.) Its occurrence in Texas is not improbable but
the evidence is unsatisfactory.

FAMILY CAPRIMULGID-ffi.
16.1. Chordeiles virginianus sennetti (COUES).

Sennett's Nighthawk.

Chordiles popetue sennetti COUES, Auk, V. Jan. 1888, 37.
Chordeiles virginianus sennetti CHAMBERLAIN, Systematic Table
of Canadian Birds, 1888, Appendix A. p. 14.
[B 115,/tfr/, C 2&ia,part, R 3670, part^ C 400, partl\
GEOG. DIST. — " Dakota to Texas, in any treeless country."

FAMILY FRINGILLID-ZB.

17. Ac an this brewsterii RIDGW.

Brewster's Linnet.

^Egiothus {flavirostris var.) brewsterii RIDGW. Am. Nat. July,

1872, 433.

Acanthis brewsterii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885, 354.
[B— , C 147, R 180, C 211.]

HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 33!

The type-specimen, taken at Waltham, Mass., remains unique. It
cannot be identified with any known species, but may be a hybrid
between Acanthis linaria and Spinus pinus. (Cf. BREWST. Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Club, VI. 1881, p. 225.)

18. Spiza townsendii (Auo.).

Townsend's Bunting.

Emberiza townsendii AUD. Orn. Biog. II. 1834, 183.
Spiza townsendii RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. III. Aug. 24, 1880,
182.

[B 379, C 192, R 255, C 288.]

The original specimen, taken May n, 1833, in Chester County,
Pa., by Mr. J. K. Townsend, remains unique. Its peculiarities can-
not be accounted for by hybridism, nor probably by individual varia-
tion.

FAMILY VIREONIDJE.
GENUS HYLOPHILUS TEMMINCK.

Hylophilus TEMM. PL Col. III. Livr. 29, 1823, text, and pi. 173,
fig. i. Type, H. thoracicus TEMM.

19. Hylophilus decurtatus (BONAP.).

Short- winged Hylophilus.

Sylvicola decurtata BONAP. P. Z. S. 1837, 118.
Hylophilus decurtatus BAIRD, Rev. Am. B. I. 1866, 380.

[B— , C— , R— C-.]

GEOG. DIST. — Mexico and Central America, to Isthmus of Panama.
Southern Texas? (Helinai brevipennis GIRAUD, Ann. Lye. N. Y.
1850, 40. " Mexico and Texas.")

FAMILY MNIOTILTIDJE.

20. Helminthophila lawrencei (HERRICK).

Lawrence's Warbler.

Helminthophaga lawrencei HERRICK, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.

1874, 220, pi. 15.
Helminthophila lawrencei RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club. VII.

Jan. 1882, 53.

332 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

[B — , C — R 80, C 99.]

About a dozen specimens have been taken, chiefly in New Jersey
and southern Connecticut. Supposed to be a hybrid between H. pinus
and H. chrysoptera. (Cf. RIDGW. Ibis, 1876, p. 169 ; BREWST. Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. 1881, pp. 218-225 ; EAMES, Auk, VI. 1889, pp.
305-310.)

21. Helminthophila leucobronchialis (BREWST.).

Brewster's Warbler.

Helminthophaga leucobronchialis BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,

I. Jan. 1876, i, plate.
Helminthophila leucobronchialis RIDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,

VII. Jan. 1882, 53.

[B— , C— , R82, C ioo.]

Known from numerous specimens, taken in Southern New Eng-
land, Lower Hudson Valley, New Jersey, Virginia, Michigan, etc.
Supposed to be a hybrid between H. pinus and H. chrysoptera. (Cf.
BREWST. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI. i88i,pp. 218-225 ; RIDGW. Auk,
II. Oct. 1885, pp. 359-363 ; EAMES, Auk, VI. 1889, pp. 305-310.)

22. Helminthophila cincinnatiensis (LANGD.).

Cincinnati Warbler.

Helminthophaga cincinnatiensis LANGD. Jour. Cine. Soc. N. H.

July, 1880, 119, 120, pi. 4.
Helminthophila cincinnatiensis RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII.

1885, 354-

[B— , C— , R— , C ioi.]

One specimen taken near Cincinnati, Ohio. Probably a hybrid
between H. pinus and Geothlypis (Oporornis) formosa. (Cf. RIDGW.
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, V. 1880, p. 237.)

23. Dendroica (Perissoglossa ?) carbonata (Auo.).

Carbonated Warbler.

Sylvia carbonata AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1831, 308, pi. 60.
Dendroica carbonata BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 287.
Perissoglossa carbonata B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. I. Jan. 1874,
214.

HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 333

[B207, C— , R9i, C— .]

Known only from Audubon's plate and description of two speci-
mens killed near Henderson, Kentucky, in May, 1811.

24. Dendroica montana (WiLs.).

Blue Mountain Warbler.

Sylvia montana WILS. Am. Orn. V. 1812, 113, pi. 44, fig. 2.
Dendroica montana BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 278.

[B 199, C— , R 112, C— .]

Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Taken in
the Blue Mountains of Virginia. Not as yet satisfactorily identified
with any other species.

25. Sylvania (?) microcephala RIDGW.

Small-headed Warbler.

Sylvania microcephala RIDGW. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. VIII. 1885,
354. ( = Muscicapa minuta WILS. Am. Orn. VI. 1812, 62,
pi. i, fig. 5, nee GMEL., 1788.)

[B 212, C— , R 126, C— .]

Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Claimed to
have been taken in New Jersey and Kentucky.

FAMILY SYLVIIDJE.
26. Regulus cuvierii AUD.

Cuvier's Kinglet.

Regulus cuvierii AUD. Orn. Biog. I. 1832, 288, pi. 55.
[Bi63, C— R32, C— .]

Known only from Audubon's description and figure of the original
specimen, killed in June, 1812, on the banks of the Schuylkill River,
in Pennsylvania.

THE

FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA.

A. — JURASSIC.

1. Laopteryx priscus MARSH.

Laopteryx priscus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XXI. 1881, 341.
Upper Jurassic beds of Wyoming.

B. — CRETACEOUS. l

2. Apatornis celer MARSH.

Ichthyornis celer MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 74.
Apatornis celer MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 162.

Middle Cretaceous of western Kansas.

3. Baptornis advenus MARSH.

Baptornis advenus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XIV. 1877, 86.

Cretaceous of western Kansas, in the same beds with Odontor-
nithes and Pteranodontia.

4. Cimolopteryx rarus MARSH.

Cimolopteryx rarus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIV. 1892, 175,
pi. iii, fig. 2.

Laramie beds of Wyoming.

5. Cimolopteryx retusus MARSH.

Cimolopteryx retusus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIV. 1892, 175.
Laramie beds of Wyoming.

!The genera alphabetically arranged.

336 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

6. Coniornis altus MARSH.

Coniornis altus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLV. 1893, 82.
Cretaceous of Montana, near mouth of Judith River.

7. Gractilavus velox MARSH.

Graculavus velox MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 363.

Greensand of the middle marl bed, or Upper Cretaceous, near
Hornerstown, New Jersey.

8. Graculavus pumilus MARSH.

Graculavus pumilus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 364.

Greensand of the middle marl bed, or Upper Cretaceous, near
Hornerstown, New Jersey.

9. Hesperornis regalis MARSH.

Hesperornis regalis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 56.
Pteranodon beds of western Kansas.

10. Hesperornis crassipes MARSH.

Lestornis crassipes MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XI. 1876, 509.
Hesperornis crassipes MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 196, figs.
40 a—d, pis. vii, xvii.

Yellow chalk of the Pteranodon beds, western Kansas.

11. Hesperornis gracilis MARSH.

Hesperornis gracilis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XI. 1876, 510.
Yellow chalk of the Pteranodon beds, western Kansas.

12. Ichthyornis dispar MARSH.

Ichthyornis dispar MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 344.
Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, northwestern Kansas.

FOSSIL BIRDS. 337

13. Ichthyornis agilis MARSH.

Graculavus agilis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. V. 1873, 230.
Ichthyornis agilis MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 197.

Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, western Kansas.

14. Ichthyornis anceps MARSH.

Graculavus anceps MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 364.
Ichthyornis anceps MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198.

Gray shale of the Middle Cretaceous, Smoky Hill River, western
Kansas.

15. Ichthyornis lentus MARSH.

Graculavus lentus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XIV. 1877, 253-
Ichthyornis lentus MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198.

Middle Cretaceous beds, near Fort McKinney, Texas.

16. Ichthyornis tener MARSH.

Ichthyornis tener MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pi. xxx. fig. 8.
Pteranodon beds, Middle Cretaceous, Wallace County, Kansas.

17. Ichthyornis validus MARSH.

Ichthyornis validus MARSH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pi. xxx.
figs. 11-14.

Yellow chalk of the Middle Cretaceous, near Solomon River,
northwestern Kansas.

18. Ichthyornis victor MARSH.

Ichthyornis victor MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XI. 1876, 511.
Middle Cretaceous of Kansas, in various localities.

19. Laornis edvardsianus MARSH.

Laornis edvardsianus MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5.
Middle marl bed, Upper Cretaceous, Birmingham, New Jersey.

338 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

20. Falaeotringa littoralis MARSH.

Palceotringa littoralis MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil a. 1870, 5.

Greensand of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New
Jersey.

21. Palseotringa vagans MARSH.

Palczotringa vagans MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. III. 1872, 365.
Greensand of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New Jersey.

22. Falaeotringa vetus MARSH.

Scolopax MORTON, Syn. Organic Remains of the Cret. U. S.

1834, 32-
Palceotringa vetus MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5.

Lower marl bed of the Cretaceous formation, near Arneytown,
New Jersey.

23. Telmatornis priscus MARSH.

Telmatornis priscus MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5.

Middle marl bed of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New
Jersey.

24. Telmatornis afiinis MARSH.

Telmatornis affinis MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, 5.

Middle marl beds of the Upper Cretaceous, near Hornerstown, New
Jersey.

C. — TERTIARY.

SUBCLASS RATIT^E.

25. Gastornis giganteus (COPE).

Diatry ma gigantea COPE, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1876, n.
Gastornis giganteus COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 825.

Wahsatch Epoch, Eocene of New Mexico.

FOSSIL BIRDS. 339

26. Barornis regens MARSH.

Barornis regens MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLVIII. 1894, 344.
Eocene of New Jersey, near Squantum, N. J.

SUBCLASS CARINAT^E.

ORDER PYGOPODES.

27. Uria antiqua (MARSH).

Catarractes antiqua MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 213.
Uria antiqua COUES, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. i, 1886, 363.

Miocene of North Carolina.

28. Uria affinis (MARSH).

Catarractes affinis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 259.
Uria affinis COUES, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. i, 1886, 363.

Post-pliocene of Maine.

ORDER LONGIPENNES.

29. Larus robustus SHUFELDT.

Larus robustus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,
398, pi. xv, fig. i, 2.

Pliocene of Oregon.

30. Larus oregonus SHUFELDT.

Larus oregonus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,

398.
Pliocene of Oregon.

340 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER TUBINARES.

31. Pufiinus conradii MARSH.

Puffinus conradii MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 212,
Miocene of Maryland.

ORDER STEGANOPODES.

32. Sula loxostyla COPE.

Sula loxostyla COPE, Tr. Amer. Philos. Soc. XIV. 1870, 236.
Miocene of North Carolina.

33. Phalacrocorax idahensis (MARSH).

Graculus idahensis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 216.
Phalacrocorax idahensis COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884,
824.

Pliocene of Idaho.

34. Phalacrocorax macropus (COPE).

Graculus macropus COPE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No.

2, 1878, 386.
Phalacrocorax macropus COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884,

824.

Pliocene of Oregon.

FOSSIL BIRDS. 34!

ORDER ANSERES.

35. Anser condoni SHUFELDT.

Anser condoni SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,
406.

Pliocene of Oregon.

36. Branta hypsibatus (COPE).

Anser hypsibatus COPE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2,

1878,387.
Branta hypsibates COUES, in A. O. U. Check-List, ed. i, 1886,

364-

37. Branta propinqua SHUFELDT.

Branta propinqua SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.
1892, 407, pi. xv, fig. 17.

Pliocene of Oregon.

38. Cygnus paloregonus COPE.

Cygnus paloregonus COPE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No.
2, 1878, 388.

Pliocene of Oregon.

ORDER ODONTOGLOSS^E.

39. Phoenicopterus copei SHUFELDT.

Phxnicopterus copei SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.

1892, 410, pi. xv, fig. 4i-43> pl- xvii, fig. 28, 29, 38.
Pliocene of Oregon.

ORDER HERODIONES.

40. Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT.

Ardea paloccidentalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.
1892, 411, pl. xvii. fig. 31.

Pliocene of Oregon.

342 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

ORDER PALUDICOL^E.

41. G-rus haydeni MARSH.

Grus haydeni MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. XLIX. 1870, 214.
Pliocene of Nebraska.

42. Grus proavus MARSH.

Grus proavus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 261.
Post-pliocene of New Jersey.

43. Fulica minor SHUFELDT.

Fulica minor SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,
412, pi. xvii. fig. 32.

Pliocene of Oregon.

44. Aletornis nobilis MARSH.

Aletornis nobilis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 256.
Eocene of Wyoming.

45. Aletornis pernix MARSH.

Aletornis pernix MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 256.
Eocene of Wyoming.

46. Aletornis venustus MARSH.

Aletornis venustus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 257.
Eocene of Wyoming.

47. Aletornis gracilis MARSH.

Aletornis gracilis MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 258.
Eocene of Wyoming.

FOSSIL BIRDS. 343

48. Aletornis bellus MARSH.

Aletornis bellus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 258.
Eocene of Wyoming.

ORDER LIMICOL^.

49. Charadrius sheppardianus COPE.

Charadrius sheppardianus COPE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr.
VI. No. i, 1881, 83.

(Formation and locality not given.)

ORDER CALLINGS.

50. Falaeotetrix gilli SHUFELDT.

Palaotetrix gilli SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,
415, pi. xvii. fig. 37.

Pliocene of Oregon.

51. Fediocaetes lucasi SHUFELDT.

Pedioccztes lucasi SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XL 1892,
414, pi. xvii. fig. 30.

Pliocene of Oregon.

52. Pedioceetes nanus SHUFELDT.

Pediocates nanus SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.
1892, 414, pi. xvii. fig. 36, 37.

Pliocene of Oregon.

53. Meleagris antiquus MARSH.

Meleagris antiquus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 1871, 126.
Miocene of Colorado.

344 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN 4BIRDS.

54. Meleagris altus MARSH.

Meleagris altus MARSH, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1870, n.
Post-pliocene of New Jersey.

55. Meleagris celer MARSH.

Meleagris celer MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. 1872, 261.
Post-pliocene of New Jersey.

ORDER RAPTORES.

56. Palseoborus umbrosus COPE.

Cathartes umbrosus COPE, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1874, 151.
Pal<zoborus umbrosus COUES, Key N. A. Birds, 2d ed. 1884, 822.

Pliocene of New Mexico.

57. Bubo leptosteus MARSH.

Bubo leptosteus MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 1871, 126.
Lower Tertiary of Wyoming.

58. Aquila danana MARSH.

Aquila danana MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 1871, 125.
Pliocene of Nebraska.

59. Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT.

Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.
1892, 416, pi. xvii. fig. 33.

Pliocene of Oregon.

60. Aquila sodalis SHUFELDT.

Aquila sodalis SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI. 1892,
417.

Pliocene of Oregon.

FOSSIL BIRDS. 345

ORDER COCCYGES.

61. Uintornis lucaris MARSH.

Uintornis lucaris MARSH, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 1872, 259.
Lower Tertiary formation of Wyoming.

ORDER PASSERES.

62. Corvus annectens SHUFELDT.

Corvns annectens SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XI.
1892, 419, pi. xv. fig. 14-16.

Pliocene of Oregon.

68. Scolecophagus affinis SHUFELDT.

Scolecophagus affinis SHUFELDT, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. XL
1892, 418, pi. xv. fig. 10.

Pliocene of Oregon.

64. Palaeospiza bella ALLEN.

Palaospiza bella ALLEN, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr. IV. No. 2,
1878, 443, pi. i. figs, i, 2.

Insect-bearing shales of Florissant, Colorado.

INDEX.

ACANTHIS, 217.

brewsterii, 330.

hornemannii, 217.

hornemannii exilipes, 217.

linaria, 217.

linaria holboellii, 217.

linaria rostrata, 218.
Accipiter, 128.

atricapillus, 129.

atricapillus striatulus, 129.

cooperi, 128.

velox, 128.
Accipitrinae, 126.
Actitis, 96.

macularia, 97.
Actochelidon, 23.
Actodromas, 87.
yEchmophorus, I.

clarkii, 325.

occidentalis, i.
yEgialitis, 100.

dubia, 101.

hiaticula, 101.

meloda, 101.

meloda circumcincta, 101.

mongola, 102.

montana, 103.

nivosa, 102.

semipalmata, 100.

vocifera, 100.

wilsonia, 1 02.
Aeronautes, 172.

melanoleucus, 172.
^Esalon, 138.
^Estrelata, 34.

fisheri, 34.

hasitata, 34.

scalaris, 34.
Agelaius, 204.

gubernator, 205.

phceniceus, 204.

phoeniceus bryanti, 205.

phceniceus sonoriensis, 205.

tricolor, 205.

Aix, 52.

Aix sponsa, 52.

Ajaja, 66.

ajaja, 67.
Alauda, 191.

arvensis, 191.
Alaudidae, 191.
Albatross, Black-footed, 28.

Short-tailed, 28.

Sooty, 29.

Wandering, 326.

Yellow-nosed, 28.
Alca, 12.

torda, 12.
Alcedinidae, 156.
Alcidae, 5, 325.
Alcinae, n.
Alcyones, 156.
Aletornis bellus, 343.

gracilis, 342.

nobilis, 342.

pernix, 342.

venustus, 342.
Alle, 13.

alle, 13.
Allinas, 13.
Amazilia, 177.

cerviniventris, 177.

fuscicaudata, 177.
Ammodramus, 223, 227.

bairdii, 226.

beldingi, 225.

caudacutus, 227.

caudacutus nelsoni, 227.

caudacutus subvirgatus, 228.

henslowii, 226.

henslowii occidentalis, 227.

leconteii, 227.

maritimus, 228.

maritimus peninsulae, 228.

maritimus sennetti, 228.

nigrescens, 229.

princeps, 223.

rostratus, 225.

INDEX.

Ammodramus rostratus guttatus, 225.

sandwichensis, 224.

sandvvichensis alaudinus, 224.

sandwichensis bryanti, 224.

sandwichensis savanna, 224.

savannarum passerinus, 226.

savannarum perpallidus, 226.
Ampelidas, 260.
Ampelinas, 260.
Ampelis, 260.

cedrorum, 260.

garrulus, 260.
Amphispiza, 237.

belli, 238.

belli cinerea, 238.

belli nevadensis, 238.

bilineata, 237.
Anas, 48.

americana, 49.

boschas, 48.

carolinensis, 50.

crecca, 50.

cyanoptera, 51.

discors, 50.

fulvigula, 48.

fulvigula maculosa, 49.

obscura, 48.

penelope, 49.

strepera, 49.
Anatidae, 47.
Anatinae, 48.
Ancylocheilus, 90.
Anhinga, 41.

anhinga, 41.
Anhingidae, 41.
Ani, 153.

Groove-billed, 153.
Anorthura, 300.
Anous, 27.

stolidus, 27.
Anser, 61.

albifrons, 61.

albifrons gambeli, 61.

condoni, 340.
Anseres, 47.
Anserinae, 60.
Anthus, 289.

cervinus, 290.

pensilvanicus, 289.

pratensis, 290.

spragueii, 290.
Antrostomus, 168.

carolinensis, 168.

vociferus, 168.

vociferus macromystax, 169.
Apatornis celer, 335.
Aphelocoma, 196.

Aphelocoma calif ornica, 197.

calif ornica hypoleuca, 197.

calif ornica obscura, 197.

cyanotis, 197.

floridana, 196.

insularis, 197.

sieberii arizonae, 198.

woodhousei, 196.
Aphriza, 103.

virgata, 103.
Aphrizidae, 103.
Aphrizinae, 103.
Aquila, 135.

chrysaetos, 135.

danana, 344.

pliogryps, 344.

sodalis, 344.
Aramidae, 76.
Aramus, 76.

giganteus, 76.
Archibuteo, 134.

ferrugineus, 135.

lagopus, 134.

lagopus sancti-johannis, 134.
Arctonetta, 56.

fischeri, 56.
Ardea, 70.

candidissima, 72.

cinerea, 71.

caerulea, 73.

egretta, 71.

herodias, 71.

occidentalis, 71.

paloccidentalis, 341.

pealei, 328.

rufescens, 72.

tricolor ruficollis, 72.

virescens, 73.

virescens frazari, 73.

wardi, 71.

wuerdemanni, 327.
Ardeidae, 69, 327.
Ardeinae, 70.
Ardetta, 70.

exilis, 70.

neoxena, 70.
Arenaria, 103.

interpres, 103.

melanocephala, 104.
Arenariinae, 103.
Arquatella, 87.
Asio, 142.

accipitrinus, 142.

wilsonianus, 142.
Astur, 128.
Asturina, 134.

plagiata, 134.

INDEX.

349

Asyndesmus, 165.
Auk, Great, 13.

Razor-billed, 12.
Auklet, Cassin's, 7.

Crested, 7.

Least, 8.

Paroquet, 7.

Rhinoceros, 6.

Whiskered, 8.
Auriparus, 312.

flaviceps, 313.
Avocet, American, 83.
Aythya, 52.

affinis, 53.

americana, 52.

collaris, 53.

marila nearctica, 53.

vallisneria, 53.

BALDPATE, 49.
Baptornis advenus, 335.
Barornis regens, 339.
Bartramia, 96.

longicauda, 96.
Basileuterus, 288.

belli, 288.

culicivorus, 288.
Basilinna, 178.

leucotis, 178.

xantusi, 178.
Becard, Xantus's, 179.
Bird, Man-of-War, 46.

Red-billed Tropic, 39.

Surf, 103.

Yellow-billed Tropic, 39.
Bittern, American, 70.

Cory's Least, 70.

Least, 70.
Blackbird, Bicolored, 205.

Brewer's, 209.

Red-winged, 204.

Rusty, 209.

Tricolored, 205.

Yellow-headed, 204.
Bluebird, 322.

Azure, 322.

Chestnut-backed, 323.

Mountain, 323.

San Pedro, 322.

Western, 322.

Bluethroat, Red-spotted, 321.
Bobolink, 202.
Bob- white, 106.

Florida, 1 06.

Masked, 107.

Texan, 107.

Bonasa, 112.

umbellus, 112.

umbellus sabini, 112.

umbellus togata, 112.

umbellus umbelloides, 112.
Booby, 40.

Blue-faced, 40.

Blue-footed, 40.

Brewster's, 40.

Red-footed, 40.
Botaurinae, 69.
Botaurus, 69.

lentiginosus, 70.
Brachyramphus, 9.

craven, 10.

hypoleucus, 9.

kittlitzii, 9.

marmoratus, 9.
Brant, 63.

Black, 63.
Branta, 62.

bernicla, 63.

canadensis, 62.

canadensis hutchinsii, 62.

canadensis minima, 63.

canadensis occidentalis, 62.

hypsibatus, 341.

leucopsis, 63.

nigricans, 63.

propinqua, 341.
Bubo, 147.

leptosteus, 344.

virginianus, 148.

virginianus arcticus, 148.

virginianus saturatus, 148.

virginianus subarcticus, 148.
Bubonidas, 142.
Budytes, 289.

flavus leucostriatus, 289.
Buffle-head, 54.
Bullfinch, Cassin's, 212.
Bulweria, 34.

bulweri, 35.
Bunting, Beautiful, 252.

Indigo, 252.

Lark, 254.

Lazuli, 252.

Painted, 252.

Townsend's, 331.

Varied, 252.
Burrica, 213.
Bush-Tit, 311.

Calif ornian, 311.

Grinda's, 312.

Lead-colored, 312.

Lloyd's, 312.

Santa Rita, 312.

35°

INDEX.

Buteo, 130.

abbreviatus, 132.

albicaudatus sennetti, 132.

borealis, 130.

borealis calurus, 130.

borealis harlani, 131.

borealis kriderii, 130.

borealis lucasanus, 131.

brachyurus, 133.

buteo, 130.

cooperi, 329.

latissimus, 133.

lineatus, 131.

lineatus alleni, 131.

lineatus elegans, 132.

swainsoni, 132.
Buteola, 133.
Butorides, 73.
Buzzard, European, 130.

CALAMOSPIZA, 254.

melanocorys, 254.
Calcarius, 221.

lapponicus, 221.

ornatus, 222.

pictus, 221.
Calidris, 91.

arenaria, 91.
Callichelidon, 259.

cyaneoviridis, 259.
Callipepla, 108.

calif ornica, 109.

calif oniica vallicola, 109.

gambeli, 109.

squamata, 108.

squamata castanogastris, 108.
Callothrus, 203.

robustus, 204.
Calothorax, 177.

iucifer, 177.
Calypte, 175.

anna, 175.

costae, 175.
Campephilus, 157.

principalis, 158.
Camptolaimus, 56.

labradorius, 56.
Canachites, in.
Canvas-back, 53.
Caprimulgi, 168.
Caprimulgidae, 168, 330.
Caracara, Audubon's, 141.

Guadalupe, 141.
Cardellina, 287.
Cardellina rubrifrons, 287.
Cardinal, 249.

Cardinal, Arizona, 249.

Gray-tailed, 249.

Saint Lucas, 249.

Texas, 250.
Cardinalis, 248.

cardinalis, 249.

cardinalis canicaudus, 249.

cardinalis igneus, 249.

cardinalis superbus, 249.
Carinatae, 339.
Carpodacus, 212.

amplus, 214.

cassini, 213.

mexicanus frontalis, 213.

mexicanus ruberrimus, 214.

purpureus, 213.

purpureus californicus, 213.
Catbird, 292.
Catharista, 125.

atrata, 125.
Cathartes, 125.

aura, 125.

burrovianus, 329.
Cathartidae, 124, 329.
Catherpes, 296.

mexicanus, 297.

mexicanus conspersus, 297.

mexicanus punctulatus, 297.
Centrocercus, 117.

urophasianus, 117.
Centronyx, 225.
Centurus, 165.
Ceophloeus, 164.

pileatus, 164.
Cepphi, 3.
Cepphus, 10.

carbo, 326.

columba, n.

grylle, 10.

mandtii, 10.

motzfeldi, 325.
Cerorhinca, 6.

monocerata, 6.
Certhia, 303.

familiaris alticola, 303.

familiaris americana, 303.

familiaris occidentalis, 304.
Certhiidae, 303.
Ceryle, 156.

alcyon, 156.

americana septentrionalis, 157.

torquata, 157.
Chachalaca, 119.
Chaetura, 172.

pelagica, 172.

vauxii, 172.
Chseturinae, 171.

INDEX.

351

Chamaea, 310.

fasciata, 310.

fasciata henshawi, 311.
Chamaeinae, 310.
Charadriidae, 98.
Charadrius, 99.

apricarius, 99.

dominicus, 99.

dominicus fulvus, 100.

sheppardianus, 343.

squatarola, 99.
Charitonetta, 54.

albeola, 54.
Chat, Long-tailed, 285.

Yellow-breasted, 285.
Chaulelasmus, 49.
Chelidon, 258.

erythrogaster, 258.
Chen, 60.

caerulescens, 61.

hyperborea, 60.

hyperborea nivalis, 60.

rossii, 61.
Chickadee, 307.

California, 310.

Carolina, 308.

Chestnut-backed, 310.

Columbian, 310.

Hudsonian, 309.

Kowak, 309.

Long-tailed, 308.

Mexican, 309.

Mountain, 309.

Oregon, 308.

Plumbeous, 308.

Siberian, 309.
Chloroceryle, 157.
Chondestes, 229.

grammacus, 229.

grammacus strigatus, 229.
Chordeiles, 170.

acutipennis texensis, 171.

virginianus, 170.

Virginian us chapmani, 171.

virginianus henryi, 170.

virginianus sennetti, 330.
Chuck-will's-widow, 168.
Ciceronia, 8.
Ciconiae, 68.
Ciconiidae, 68.
Ciconiinae, 69.
Cimolopteryx rarus, 335.

retusus, 335.
Cinclidae, 291.
Cinclus, 291.

mexicanus, 291.
Circus, 127.

Circus hudsonius, 128.
Cistothorus, 301.

marianae, 303.

palustris, 302.

palustris griseus, 302.

palustris paludicola, 302.

stellaris, 301.
Clamatores, 179.
Clangula, 55.

hyemalis, 55.
Clivicola, 259.

riparia, 259.
Coccothraustes, 211.

vespertinus, 211.

vespertinus montanus, 211.
Coccyges, 153.
Coccyginae, 153.
Coccyzus, 154.

americanus, 154.

americanus occidentalis, 155.

erythrophthalmus, 155.

minor, 154.

minor maynardi, 154.
Cceligena, 173.

clemenciae, 174.
Ccereba, 267.

bahamensis, 268.
Coerebidae, 267.
Colaptes, 1 66.

auratus, 166.

cafer, 167.

cafer saturatior, 167.

chrysoides, 167.

rufipileus, 167.
Colinus, 1 06.

ridgwayi, 107.

virginianus, 106.

virginianus floridanus, 106.

virginianus texanus, 107.
Columba, 119.

fasciata, 119.

fasciata vioscae, 120.

flavirostris, 120.

leucocephala, 120.
Columbae, 119.
Columbidae, 119.
Columbigallina, 122.

passerina pallescens, 123.

passerina terrestris, 122.
Colymbus, i.

auritus, 2.

dominicus, 2.

holboelii, i.

Colymbus nigricollis californicus, 2.
Compsohalieus, 43.
Compsothlypis, 273.

americana, 273.

3S2

INDEX.

Compsothlypis nigrilora, 273.
Coniornis altus, 336.
Contopus, 185.

borealis, 185.

pertinax, 186.

richardsonii, 186.

richardsonii peninsulas, 187.

virens, 186.
Conurus, 152.

carolinensis, 152.
Coot, American, 81.

European, 81.
Cormorant, 42.

Baird's, 44.

Brandt's, 44.

Double-crested, 42.

Farallone, 43.

Florida, 42.

Mexican, 43.

Pallas's, 327.

Pelagic, 44.

Red-faced, 45.

Violet-green, 44.

White-crested, 43.
Corvidae, 194.
Corvinae, 199.
Corvus, 199.

americanus, 200.

americanus floridanus, 200.

caurinus, 201.

corax principalis, 200.

corax sinuatus, 200.

cryptoleucus, 200.

ossifragus, 201.
Cotingidas, 179.
Coturnicops., 79.
Coturniculus, 226.
Cowbird, 203.

Dwarf, 203.

Red-eyed, 204.
Cracidae, 119.
Crake, Corn, 80.

Spotted, 78.
Crane, Little Brown, 75.

Sandhill, 75.

Whooping, 75.
Creagrus, 326.

furcatus, 326.
Creciscus, 79.
Creeper, Bahama Honey, 268.

Brown, 303.

California, 304.

Mexican, 303.

Rocky Mountain, 303.
Crex, 80.

crex, 80.
Crossbill, American, 214.

Mexican, 215.

Crossbill, White-winged, 215.
Crotophaga, 153.

ani, 153.

sulcirostris, 153.
Crotophaginae, 153.
Crow, American, 200.

Fish, 20 1.

Florida, 200.

Northwest, 201.
Crymophilus, 82.

fulicarius, 82.
Cuckoo, Black-billed, 155.

California, 155.

Kamchatkan, 155.

Mangrove, 154.

Maynard's, 154.

Yellow-billed, 154.
Cuculi, 153.
Cuculidae, 153.
Cuculus, 155.

canorus telephonus, 155.
Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 98^

Eskimo, 97.

European, 328.

Hudsonian, 97.

Long-billed, 97.
Cyanecula, 321.

suecica, 321.
Cyanocephalus, 201.

cyanocephalus, 202.
Cyanocitta, 194.

cristata, 194.

cristata florincola, 195.

stelleri, 195.

stelleri annectens, 196.

stelleri frontalis, 195.

stelleri macrolopha, 195.
Cyclorrhynchus, 7.

psittaculus, 7.
Cygninae, 65.

Cygnus paloregonus, 341.
Cymodroma, 38.

grallaria, 38.
Cypseli, 171.
Cypseloides, 171.

niger, 171.
Cyrtonyx, 109.

montezumae, no.
Cyrtopelicanus, 45.

DAFILA, 51.

acuta, 51.
Daption, 35.

capensis, 35.
Dendragapus, no.

canadensis, in.

franklinii, in.

INDEX.

355

Fulmar, Rodgers's, 30.

Slender-billed, 31.
Fulmarus, 30,

glacialis, 30.

glacialis glupischa, 30.

glacialis minor, 30.

glacialis rodgersii, 30.

glacialoides, 31.

GADWALL, 49.
Galeoscoptes, 291.

carolinensis, 291.
Gallinae, 106.
Gallinago, 85.

delicata, 85.

gallinago, 85.
Gallinula, 81.

galeata, 81.
Gallinule, Florida, 81.

Purple, 80.
Gallinulinae, 80.
Gannet, 41.
Garrulinae, 194.
Garzetta, 72.

Gastornis giganteus, 338.
Gavia, 15.

alba, 15.
Gelochelidon, 22.

nilotica, 22.
Geococcyx, 153.

calif ornianus, 154.
Geothlypis, 282, 283.

agilis, 282.

beldingi, 284.

formosa, 282.

macgillivrayi, 283.

Philadelphia, 283.

trichas, 283.

trichas ignota, 284.

trichas occidentalis, 284.

poliocephala ralphi, 284.
Geotrygon, 123.

martinica, 123.

montana, 124.
Glaucidium, 150.

gnoma, 150.

gnoma calif ornicum, 151.

hoskinsii, 151.

phalaenoides, 151.
Glaucionetta, 54.

clangula americana, 54.

islandica, 54.
Glottis, 93.
Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed, 315.

Blue-gray, 315.

Plumbeous, 315.

Gnatcatcher, Western, 315.
Godwit, Black-tailed, 92.

Hudsonian, 92.

Marbled, 91.

Pacific, 92.
Golden-eye, American, 54.

Barrow's, 54.
Goldfinch, American, 218.

Arizona, 219.

Arkansas, 218.

Black-headed, 219.

Lawrence's, 219.

Mexican, 219.

Western, 218.
Goose, American White-fronted, 61.

Barnacle, 63.

Blue, 61.

Cackling, 63.

Canada, 62.

Emperor, 64.

Greater Snow, 60.

Hutchins's, 62.

Lesser Snow, 60.

Ross's Snow, 61.

White-cheeked, 62.

White-fronted, 61.
Goshawk, American, 129.

Mexican, 134.

Western, 129.
Crackle, Boat-tailed, 211.

Bronzed, 210.

Florida, 210.

Great-tailed, 210.

Purple, 210.
Graculavus pumilus, 336.

velox, 336.
Grassquit, 253.

Melodius, 253.
Grebe, American Eared, 2.

Clark's, 325.

Holbcell's, i.

Horned, 2.

Pied-billed, 3.

St. Domingo, 2.

Western, i.
Green-shank, 93.
Grosbeak, Black-headed, 251.

Blue, 251.

Evening, 211.

Pine, 212.

Rose-breasted, 251.

Western Blue, 250.

Western Evening, 211.
Grouse, Canada, in.

Canadian Ruffed, 112.

Columbian Sharp-tailed, 116.

Dusky, no.

356

INDEX.

Grouse, Franklin's, in.

Gray Ruffed, 112.

Oregon Ruffed, 1 1 2.

Prairie Sharp-tailed, 117.

Richardson's, in.

Ruffed, 112.

Sage, 117.

Sharp-tailed, 116.

Sooty, no.
Grues, 75.
Gruidae, 75.
Grus, 75.

americana, 75.

canadensis, 75.

haydeni, 342.

mexicana, 75.

proavus, 342.
Guara, 67.

alba, 67.

rubra, 67.
Guillemot, Black, 10.

Black-winged, 325.

Mandt's, 10.

Pigeon, ii.

Sooty, 326.
Guiraca, 251.

caerulea, 251.

caerulea euryncha, 251.
Gull, American Herring, 19.

Bonaparte's, 21.

California, 19.

Franklin's, 20.

Glaucous, 1 6.

Glaucous-winged, 17.

Great Black-backed, 18.

Herring, 18.

Heermann's, 20.

Iceland, 17.

Ivory, 15.

Kumlien's, 17.

Laughing, 20.

Little, 21.

Mew, 20.

Nelson's, 17.

Pallas's, 89.

Point Barrow, 16.

Ring-billed, 19.

Ross's, 21.

Sabine's, 22.

Short-billed, 20.

Siberian, 18.

Slaty-backed, 18.

Swallow-tailed, 326.
Gull, Vega, 19.

Western, 18.
Gypagus, 329.

papa, 329.

Gyrfalcon, 137.
Black, 137.
Gray, 137.
White, 136.

HABIA, 250.

ludoviciana, 250.

melanocephala, 251.
Haematopodidae, 104.
Haematopus, 104.

bachmani, 105.

frazari, 105.

ostralegus, 104.

palliatus, 104.
Haliplana, 26.
Halocyptena, 35.

microsoma, 35.
Haliasetus, 136.

albicilla, 136.

leucocephalus, 136.
Harporhynchus, 292, 294.

bendirei, 293.

cinereus, 294.

cinereus mearnsi, 294.

crissalis, 295.

curvirostris, 293.

curvirostris palmeri, 293.

lecontei, 294.

longirostris sennetti, 293.

redivivus, 294.

rufus, 293.
Hawk, American Rough-legged, 134.

American Sparrow, 140.

Desert Sparrow, 140.

Broad- winged, 133.

Cooper's, 128.

Cuban Sparrow, 140.

Duck, 138.

Florida Red-shouldered, 131.

Harlan's, 131.

Harris's, 129.

Krider's, 130.

Marsh, 128.

Mexican Black, 133.

Pigeon, 138.

Red-bellied, 132.

Red-shouldered, 131.

Red-tailed, 130.

Rough-legged, 134.

Sennett's White-tailed, 132.

Sharp-shinned, 128.

Short-tailed, 133.

St. Lucas Sparrow, 140.

Swainson's, 132.

Zone-tailed, 132.
Heleodytes, 295.

INDEX.

353

Dendragapus obscurus, no.

obscurus fuliginosus, no.

obscurus richardsonii, in.
Dendrocygna, 64.

autumnalis, 64.

fulva, 64.
Dendroica, 273, 274.

aestiva, 274.

aestiva sonorana, 274.

auduboni, 275.

blackburniae, 277.

bryanti castaneiceps, 275.

caerulea, 276.

caerulescens, 275.

carbonata, 332.

castanea, 277.

chrysoparia, 278.

coronata, 275.

discolor, 281.

dominica, 277.

dominica albilora, 278.

graciae, 278.

kirtlandi, 280.

maculosa, 276.

montana, 333.

nigrescens, 278.

occidentalis, 279.

olivacea, 274.

palmarum, 280.

palmarum hypochrysea, 280.

pensylvanica, 276.

striata, 277.

tigrina, 273.

townsendi, 279.

vigorsii, 280.

virens, 279.
Dichromanassa, 72.
Dickcissel, 254.
Diomedea, 28.

albatrus, 28.

exulans, 326.

nigripes, 28.
Diomedeidae, 28, 326.
Dipper, American, 291.
Dolichonyx, 202.

oryzivorus, 202.
Dove, Ground, 122.

Inca, 123.

Mexican Ground, 123.

Mourning, 121.

White-fronted, 122.

White-winged, 122.

Zenaida, 121.
Dovekie, 13.
Dowitcher, 85.

Long-billed, 86.
Dryobates, 158.

Dryobates arizonae, 161.

borealis, 160.

nuttallii, 161.

pubescens, 159.

pubescens gairdnerii, 1 59.

pubescens oreoecus, 160.

scalaris bairdi, 160.

scalaris lucasanus, 160.

villosus, 158.

villosus audubonii, 158.

villosus harrisii, 159.

villosus hyloscopus, 159.

villosus leucomelas, 158.
Duck, American Scaup, 53.

Black, 48.

Florida, 48.

Harlequin, 55.

Labrador, 56.

Lesser Scaup, 53.

Masked, 60.

Mottled, 49.

Ring-necked, 53.

Ruddy, 59.

Rufous-crested, 52.

Steller's, 55.

Wood, 52.
Dunlin, 89.
Dysporus, 41.
Dytes, 2.

EAGLE, Bald, 136.

Golden, 135.

Gray Sea, 136.

Harpy, 135.
Ectopistes, 1 20.

migratorius, 120.
Egret, American, 71.

Peale's, 328.

Reddish, 72.
Eider, American, 57.

King, 58.

Northern, 57.

Pacific, 57.

Spectacled, 56.
Elanoides, 126.

forficatus, 126.
Elanus, 126.

leucurus, 126.
Embernagra, 245.

rufivirgata, 245.
Empidonax, 187.

cineritius, 187.

difficilis, 187.

flaviventris, 187.

fulvifrons, 189. .

fulvifrons pygmaeus, 189.

23

354

INDEX.

Empidonax griseus, 189.

hammondi, 189.

minimus, 188.

traillii, 188.

traillii alnorum, 188.

virescens, 188.

wrightii, 189.
Eniconetta, 56.

stelleri, 56.
Ereunetes, 90.

occidentalis, 91.

pusillus, 90.
Erionetta, 57.
Ergaticus, 287.

ruber, 288.
Erismatura, 59.

rubida, 59.
Euetheia, 253.

bicolor, 253.

canora, 253.
Eugenes, 173.

fulgens, 173.
Euphonia, 254.

elegantissima, 255.
Euphonia, Blue-headed, 255.
Eurynorhynchus, 90.

pygmaeus, 90.

FALCO, 136.

columbarius, 138.

columbarius suckleyi, 139.

dominicensis, 140.

fusco-ccerulescens, 139.

islandus, 136.

mexicanus, 137.

peregrinus anatum, 138.

peregrinus pealei, 138.

regulus, 139.

richardsonii, 139.

rusticolus, 137.

rusticolus gyrfalco, 137.

rusticolus obsoletus, 137.

sparverius, 140.

sparverius deserticolus, 140.

sparverius peninsularis, 140.

tinnunculus, 140.
Falcon, Aplomado, 139.

Peale's, 138.

Prairie, 137.
Falcones, 126.
Falconidae, 126, 329.
Falconinae, 136.
Finch, California Purple, 213.

Cassin's Purple, 213.

Guadalupe House, 214.

House, 213.

Finch, Purple, 213.

St. Lucas House, 214.
Flamingo, American, 66.
Flicker, 166.

Gilded, 167.

Guadalupe, 167.

Northwestern, 167.

Red-shafted, 167.
Florida, 73.
Flycatcher, Alder, 188.

Arizona Crested, 183.

Ash-throated, 183.

Beardless, 190.

Buff-breasted, 189.

Coues's, 1 86.

Crested, 183.

Derby, 182.

Fork-tailed, 179.

Fulvous, 189.

Giraud's, 182.

Gray, 189.

Green-crested, 188.

Hammond's, 189.

Lawrence's, 184.

Least, 1 88.

Mexican Crested, 183.

Nutting's, 183.

Olivaceous, 184.

Olive-sided, 185.

Ridgway's, 190.

St. Lucas, 187.

Scissor-tailed, 180.

Sulphur-bellied, 182.

Traill's, 188.

Vermilion, 190.

Western, 187.

Wright's, 189.

Yellow-bellied, 187.
Fratercula, 5.

arctica, 5.

arctica glacialis, 5.

corniculata, 6.
Fraterculinae, 5.
Fregata, 46.

aquila, 46.
Fregatidas, 46.
Fringillidae, 211.
Fulica, 81.

americana, 81.

atra, 81.

minor, 342.
Fulicinae, 81.
Fuligula, 53.
Fulmar, 30.

Giant, 29.

Lesser, 30.

Pacific, 30.

INDEX.

357

Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 295.

brunneicapillus affinis, 296.

brunneicapillus bryanti, 295.
Helinaia, 269.

swainsonii, 269.
Helminthophila, 269.

bachmani, 270.

celata, 272.

celata lutescens, 272.

celata sordida, 272.

chrysoptera, 270.

cincinnatiensis, 332.

lawrencei, 331.

leucobronchialis, 332.

luciae, 270.

peregrina, 272.

pinus, 270.

ruficapilla, 271.

ruficapilla gutturalis, 271.

virginiae, 271.
Helmitherus, 269.

vermivorus, 269.
Helodromas, 93.
Hen, Attwater's Prairie, 115.

Heath, 115.

Lesser Prairie, 116.

Prairie, 115.

Henhawk, Cooper's, 329.
Herodias, 71.
Herodii, 69.
Herodiones, 66.
Heron, Black-crowned Night, 74.

European Blue, 71.

Frazar's Green, 73.

Great Blue, 71.

Great White, 71.

Green, 73.

Little Blue, 73.

Louisiana, 72.

Snowy, 72.

Ward's, 71.

Wurdemann's, 327.

Yellow-crowned Night, 74.
Hesperiphona, 211.
Hesperocichla, 320.

naevia, 321.
Hesperornis crassipes, 336.

gracilis, 336.

regalis, 336.
Heteractitis, 95.

incana, 95.
Hierofalco, 136.
Himantopus, 83.

mexicanus, 84.
Hirundinidae, 256.
Histrionicus, 55.

histrionicus, 55.

Hummingbird, Allen's, 176.

Anna's, 175.

Black-chinned, 174.

Blue-throated, 174.

Broad-billed, 178.

Broad-tailed, 175.

Buff-bellied, 177.

Calliope, 176.

Costa's, 175.

Floresi's, 175.

Lucifer, 177.

Rieffer's, 177.

Rivoli, 173.

Ruby- throated, 174.

Rufous, 176.

Violet-throated, 174.

W7hite-eared, 178.

Xantus's, 178.
Hydranassa, 72.
Hydrochelidon, 26.

leucoptera, 27.

nigra surinamensis, 26.
Hylocichla, 316.
Hylophilus, 331.

decurtatus, 331.
Hylophilus, Short-winged, 331.

IACHE, 178.

latirostris, 178.
Ibides, 66.
Ibididae, 67.
Ibis, Glossy, 68.

Scarlet, 67.

White, 67.

White-faced Glossy, 68.

Wood, 69.
Ichthyornis agilis, 336.

anceps, 337.

dispar, 337.

lentus, 337.

tener, 337.

validus, 337.

victor, 337.
Icteria, 284.

virens, 285.

virens longicauda, 285.
Icteridae, 202.
Icterus, 206.

audubonii, 207.

bullocki, 208.

cucullatus, 207.

cucullatus nelsoni, 208.

galbula, 208.

icterus, 207.

parisorum, 207.

spurius, 208.

358

INDEX.

Ictinia, 127.

mississippiensis,
lonornis, 80.

martinica, 80.

127.

JABIRU, 69.
Jacana, 105.

spinosa, 105.
Jagana, Mexican, 105.
Jacanidae, 105.
Jaeger, Parasitic, 14.

Pomarine, 14.

Long-tailed, 15.
Jay, Alaskan, 199.

Arizona, 198.

Belding's, 197.

Black-headed, 196.

Blue, 194.

Blue-eared, 197.

Blue-fronted, 195.

California, 197.

Canada, 198.

Florida, 196.

Florida Blue, 195.

Green, 198.

Labrador, 199.

Long-crested, 195.

Oregon, 199.

Pifion, 202.

Rocky Mountain, 199.

Santa Cruz, 197.

Steller's, 195.

Woodhouse's, 196.

Xantus's, 197.
Junco, 234.

aikeni, 234.

annectens, 235.

bairdi, 237.

caniceps, 236.

phseonotus dorsalis, 236.

phaeonotus palliatus, 236.

hyemalis, 234.

hyemalis carolinensis, 235.

hyemalis oregonus, 234.

hyemalis pinosus, 235.

hyemalis shufeldti, 235.

hyemalis thurberi, 235.

insularis, 237.

ridgvvayi, 236.

townsendi, 237.
Junco, Arizona, 236.

Baird's, 237.

Carolina, 235.

Gray-headed, 236.

Guadalupe, 237.

Oregon, 234.

Junco, Pink-sided, 235.
Point Pinos, 235.
Red-backed, 236.
Ridgway's, 236.
Slate-colored, 234.
Shufeldt's, 236.
Thurber's, 235.
Townsend's, 237.
White-winged, 234.

KESTREL, 140.
Killdeer, 100.
Kingbird, 180.

Arkansas, 181.

Cassin's, 181.

Couch's, 181.

Gray, 180.
Kingfisher, Belted, 1 56.

Ringed, 157.

Texan, 157.
Kinglet, Cuvier's, 333.

Dusky, 314.

Golden-crowned, 313.

Ruby-crowned, 314.

Western Golden-crowned, 314.
Kite, Everglade, 127.

Mississippi, 127.

Swallow-tailed, 126.

White-tailed, 126.
Kittiwake, 15.

Pacific, 1 6.

Red-legged, 16.
Knot, 86.

LAGOPUS, 113.

lagopus, 113.

lagopus alleni, 113.

leucurus, 114.

rupestris, 113.

rupestris atkhensis, 114.

rupestris nelsoni, 114.

rupestris reinhardi, 114.

welchi, 114.
Laniidae, 261.
Lanius, 261.

borealis, 261.

ludovicianus, 262.

ludovicianus gambeli, 262.

ludovicianus excubitorides, 262.
Lanivireo, 297.
Laopteryx priscus, 335.
Laornis edvardsianus, 337.
Lapwing, 98.
Laridae, 15, 326.
Larinae, 15.

INDEX.

359

Lark, Desert Horned, 192.

Dusky Horned, 193.

Horned, 191.

Mexican Horned, 192.

Pallid Horned, 192.

Prairie Horned, 192.

Ruddy Horned, 193.

Scorched Horned, 193.

Sonoran Horned, 193.

Streaked Horned, 193.

Texan Horned, 192.
Larus, 16.

affinis, 18.

argentatus, 1 8.

argentatus Smithsonian us, 19.

atricilla, 20.

barrovianus, 16.

brachyrhynchus, 20.

cachinnans, 19.

californicus, 89.

canus, 20.

delawarensis, 19.

franklinii, 20.

glaucescens, 17.

glaucus, 1 6.

heermanni, 20.

kumlieni, 17.

leucopterus, 17.

marinus, 18.

minutus, 21.

nelsoni, 17.

occidentals, 18.

oregonus, 339.

Philadelphia, 21.

robustus, 339.

schistisagus, 18.

vegse, 19.

Leptopelicanus, 46.
Leptotila, 121.

fulviventris brachyptera, 122.
Leucosticte, 215.

atrata, 216.

australis, 216.

griseonucha, 215.

tephrocotis, 215.

tephrocotis littoralis, 216.
Leucosticte, Aleutian, 215.

Black, 216.

Brown-capped, 216.

Gray-crowned, 215.

Hepburn's, 216.
Limicolge, 82.
Limosa, 91.

fedoa, 91.

haemastica, 92.

lapponica baueri, 92.

limosa, 92.

Limpkin, 76.

Linnet, Brewster's, 330.

Longipennes, 13.

Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 222.

Lapland, 221.

McCown's, 222.

Smith's, 221.
Loon, 3.

Black-throated, 4.

Pacific, 4.

Red-throated, 4.

Yellow-billed, 4.
Lophodytes, 47.

cucullatus, 48.
Lophophanes, 306.
Lophortyx, 109.
Loxia, 214.

curvirostra minor, 214.

curvirostra stricklandi, 215.

leucoptera, 215.
Lunda, 5.

cirrhata, 5.

MACROCHIRES, 168.
Macro rhamphus, 85.

griseus, 85.

scolopaceus, 86.
Magpie, American, 194.

Yellow-billed, 194.
Mallard, 48.
Man-o'-War Bird, 46.
Mareca, 49.
Martin, Cuban, 257.

Purple, 257.

Western, 257.
Meadowlark, 206.

Mexican, 206.

Western, 206.
Megalestris, 13.

skua, 14.

Megaquiscalus, 210.
Megascops, 145.

asio, 145.

asio aikeni, 147.

asio bendirei, 146.

asio cineraceus, 146.

asio floridanus, 145.

asio kennicottii, 146.

asio macfarlanei, 147.

asio maxwellise, 146.

asio trichopsis, 145.

flammeola, 147.

flammeola idahoensis, 147.
Melanerpes, 164.

aurifrons, 166.

carolinus, 166.

36°

INDEX.

Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 164.

formicivorus angustifrons, 165-

formicivorus bairdi, 165.

torquatus, 165.

uropygialis, 166.
Melanitta, 58.
Meleagrinse, 117.
Meleagris, 117.

altus, 344.

antiquus, 343.

celer, 344.

gallopavo, 118.

gallopavo ellioti, 118.

gallopavo mexicana, 118.

gallopavo osceola, 118.
Melopelia, 122.

leucoptera, 122.
Melospiza, 240.

cinerea, 243.

fasciata, 241.

fasciata elements, 243.

fasciata fallax, 241.

fasciata graminea, 242.

fasciata guttata, 242.

fasciata heermanni, 241.

fasciata montana, 241.

fasciata rivularis, 242.

fasciata rufina, 242.

fasciata samuelis, 241.

georgiana, 244.

insignis, 243.

lincolni, 243.

lincolni striata, 243.
Merganser, 47.

americanus, 47.

serrator, 47.
Merganser, American, 47.

Hooded, 48.

Red-breasted, 47.
Merginas, 47.
Merlin, 139.

Black, 139.

Richardson's, 139.
Merula, 319.

confinis, 320.

migratoria, 320.

migratoria propinqua, 320.
Methriopterus, 292.
Micropalama, 86.

himantopus, 86.
Micropallas, 151.

whitneyi, 151.
Micropodidae, 171.
Micropodinse, 172.
Milvulus, 179.

forficatus, 180.

tyrannus, 179.

Miminse, 291.
Mimus, 291.

polyglottos, 292.
Mniotilta, 268.

varia, 268.

Mniotiltidae, 268, 331.
Mockingbird, 292.
Molothrus, 203.

ater, 203.

ater obscurus, 203.
Motacilla, 288.

alba, 289.

ocularis, 289.
Motacillidoe, 288.
Murre, n.

Briinnich's, 12.

California, n.

Pallas's, 12.
Murrelet, Ancient, 8.

Craven's, 10.

Kittlitz's, 9.

Marbled, 9.

Xantus's, 9.
Myadestes, 316.

townsendii, 316.
Myadestinae, 316.
Mycteria, 69.

americana, 69.
Myiarchus, 182.

cinerascens, 183.

cinerascens nuttingi, 183.

crinitus, 183.

lawrenceii, 184.

lawrenceii olivascens, 184.

mexicanus, 183.

mexicanus magister, 183.
Myiozetetes, 182.

texensis, 182.
Myiodynastes, 182.

luteiventris, 182.

NEOCORYS, 290.
Netta, 52.

rufina, 52.
Nettion, 50.
Nighthawk, 170.

Florida, 171.

Sennett's, 330.

Texan, 171.

Western, 170.
Noddy, 27.
Nomonyx, 60.

dominicus, 60.
Nucifraga, 201.

columbianus, 201
Numenius, 97.

INDEX.

36i

Numenius arquatus, 328.

borealis, 97.

hudsonicus, 97.

longirostris, 97.

phaeopus, 98.

tahitiensis, 98.
Nutcracker, Clarke's, 201.
Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 305.

Florida White-breasted, 304.

Pygmy, 305.

Red-breasted, 305.

Slender-billed, 304.

White-breasted, 304.

White-naped, 305.
Nuttallornis, 185.
Nyctala, 144.

acadica, 145.

tengmalmi richardsoni, 144.
Nyctanassa, 74.
Nyctea, 149.

nyctea, 149.
Nycticorax, 74.

nycticorax nsevius, 74.

violaceus, 74.
Nyctidromus, 170.

albicollis merrilli, 170.

OCEANITES, 37.

oceanicus, 37.
Oceanitinae, 37.
Oceanodroma, 36.

furcata, 36.

homochroa, 37.

hornbyi, 327.

leucorhoa, 36.

macrodactyla, 37.

melania, 37.
Ochthodromus, 102.
Odontoglossae, 66.
Oidemia, 58.

americana, 58.

deglandi, 59.

fusca, 58.

perspicillata, 59.
Old-squaw, 55.
Olor, 65.

buccinator, 65.

columbianus, 65.

cygnus, 65.
Oporornis, 282.
Oreortyx, 107.

pictus, 107.

pictus confinis, 108.

pictus plumiferus, 107.
Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 208.

Audubon's, 207.

Oriole, Baltimore, 208.

Bullock's, 208.

Hooded, 207.

Orchard, 208.

Scott's, 207.
Ornithion, 190.

imberbe, 190.

imberbe ridgwayi, 190.
Oroscoptes, 291.

montanus, 291.
Ortalis, 119.

vetula maccali, 119.
Oscines, 238.
Osprey, American, 141.
Ossifraga, 29.

gigantea, 29.
Otocoris, 191.

alpestris, 191.

alpestris adusta, 193.

alpestris arenicola, 192.

alpestris chrysolaema, 192.

alpestris giraudi, 192.

alpestris leucolaema, 192.

alpestris merrilli, 193.

alpestris pallida, 193.

alpestris praticola, 192.

alpestris rubea, 193.

alpestris strigata, 193.
Oven-bird, 281.
Owl, American Barn, 142.

Aiken's Screech, 147.

American Hawk, 149.

American Long-eared, 142.

Arctic Horned, 148.

Barred, 143.

Burrowing, 150.

California Pygmy, 151.

California Screech, 146.

Dusky Horned, 148.

Dwarf Screech, 147.

Elf, 151.

Ferruginous Pygmy, 151.

Flammulated Screech, 147.

Florida Barred, 143.

Florida Burrowing, 150.

Florida Screech, 145.

Great Gray, 144.

Great Horned, 148.

Hawk, 149.

Hoskins's Pygmy, 151.

Kennicott's Screech, 146.

Lapp, 144-

MacFarlane's Screech, 147.

Mexican Screech, 146.

Pygmy, 150.

Richardson's, 144.

Rocky Mountain Screech, 145.

362

INDEX.

Owl, Saw-whet, 145.

Screech, 145.

Short-eared, 142.

Snowy, 149.

Spotted, 143.

Texas Screech, 145.

Western Horned, 148.
Oxyechus, 100.
Oyster-catcher, 104.

American, 104.

Black, 105.

Frazar's, 105.

umbrosus, 344.
Palaeospiza bella, 345.
Palaeotetrix gilli, 343.
Palaeotringa littoralis, 337.

vagans, 338.

vetus, 338.
Paludicolae, 75.
Pandion, 141.

haliaetus carolinensis, 141.
Pandioninae, 141.
Parabuteo, 129.

unicinctus harrisi, 129.
Parauque, Merrill's, 170.
Paridae, 304.
Farinas, 332.
Paroquet, Carolina, 152.
Parrot, Thick-billed, 330.
Partridge, California, 109.

Chestnut-bellied Scaled, 108.

Gambel's, 109.

Massena, no.

Mountain, 107.

Plumed, 107.

San Pedro, 108.

Scaled, 108.

Valley, 109.
Parus, 306.

atricapillus, 307.

atricapillus occidentalis, 308.

atricapillus septentrionalis, 308.

atricristatus, 306.

bicolor, 306.

bicolor texensis, 306.

carolinensis, 308.

carolinensis agilis, 308.

cinctus obtectus, 309.

gambeli, 309.

hudsonicus, 309.

hudsonicus columbianus, 310.

hudsonicus stoneyi, 309.

inornatus, 306.

inornatus cineraceus, 307.

inornatus griseus, 307.

Parus meridionalis, 309.

rufescens, 310.

rufescens neglectus, 310.

wollweberi, 307.
Passerculus, 223.
Passerella, 244.

iliaca, 244.

iliaca megarhyncha, 245.

iliaca schistacea, 245.

iliaca unalaschensis, 244.
Passeres, 179.
Passerina, 251.

amoena, 252.

ciris, 252.

cyanea, 252.

versicolor, 252.

versicolor pulchra, 252.
Pavoncella, 95.

pugnax, 95.
Pediocaetes, 116.

lucasi, 343.

nanus, 343.

phasianellus, 116.

phasianellus campestris, 117.

phasianellus columbianus, 116.
Pelagodroma, 38.

marina, 38.
Pelecanidas, 45.
Pelecanus, 45.

californicus, 46.

erythrorhynchos, 45.

fuscus, 46.
Pelican, American White, 45.

Brown, 46.

California Brown, 46.
Pelidna, 89.
Pelionetta, 59.
Pendulinus, 207.
Penelopes, 118.
Penelopinas, 118.
Perdicinae, 106.
Perisoreus, 198.

canadensis, 198.

canadensis capitalis, 199.

canadensis fumifrons, 199.

canadensis nigricapillus, 199.

obscurus, 199.
Perissoglossa, 273.
Petrel, Ashy, 37.

Black, 37.

Black-capped, 34.

Bulwer's, 35.

Fisher's, 34.

Fork-tailed, 36.

Guadalupe, 37.

Hornby's, 327.
Leach's, 36.

INDEX.

363

Petrel, Least, 35.

Pintado, 35.

Scaled, 34.

Stormy, 36.

White-bellied, 38.

White-faced, 38.

Wilson's, 37.
Petrochelidon, 257.

fulva, 258.

lunifrons, 257.
Peucaea, 238.

aestivalis, 238.

sestivalis bachmanii, 239.

arizonae, 239.

carpalis, 240.

cassini, 239.

mexicana, 239.

ruficeps, 240.

ruficeps boucardi, 240.

ruficeps eremoeca, 240.
Peucedramus, 274.
Pewee, Large-billed, 187.

Western Wood, 186.

Wood, 1 86.
Phaethon, 39.

aethereus, 39.

flavirostris, 39.
Phaethontidae, 39.
Phainopepla, 261.

nitens, 261.

Phalacrocoracidae, 42, 327.
Phalacrocorax, 42.

carbo, 42.

dilophus, 42.

dilophus albociliatus, 43.

dilophus cincinatus, 43.

dilophus floridanus, 42.

idahensis, 340.

macropus, 340.

mexicanus, 43.

pelagicus, 44.

pelagicus resplendens, 44.

pelagicus robustus, 44.

penicillatus, 44.

perspicillatus, 327.

urile, 45.
Phalsenoptilus, 169.

nuttallii, 169.

nuttallii calif ornicus, 169.

nuttallii nitidus, 169.
Phalarope, Northern, 82.

Red, 82.

Wilson's, 83.
Phalaropodidae, 82.
Phalaropus, 82.

lobatus, 82.

tricolor, 83.

Phalerinae, 6.
Phaleris, 8.
Phasiani, 106.
Phasianidae, 117,
Philacte, 64.

canagica, 64.
Philohela, 84.

minor, 84.
Phoebe, 184.

Black, 185.

Say's, 185.
Phoebetria, 29.

fuliginosa, 29.
Phcenicopteridae, 66.
Phoenicopterus, 66.

copei, 341.

ruber, 66.
Phyllopseustes, 313.

boreaUs, 313.
Pica, 194.

nuttalli, 194.

pica hudsonica, 194.
Pici, 157.
Picidae, 157.
Picoides, 161.

americanus, 162.

americanus alascensis, 162.

americanus dorsalis, 162.

arcticus, 162.
Picicorvus, 201.
Pigeon, Band-tailed, 119.

Passenger, 120.

Red-billed, 120.

Viosca's, 119.

W'hite-crowned, 120.
Pinicola, 212.

enucleator, 212.
Pintail, 51.
Pipilo, 245.

alberti, 248.

chlorurus, 247.

consobrinus, 247.

erythrophthalmus, 246.

erythrophthalmus alleni, 246.

fuscus albigula, 248.

fuscus crissalis, 248.

fuscus mesoleucus, 247.

fuscus senicula, 248.

maculatus arcticus, 246.

maculatus megalonyx, 246.

maculatus oregonus, 247.
Pipit, American, 289.

Meadow, 291.

Red-throated, 290.

Sprague's, 290.
Piranga, 255.

erythromelas, 255.

INDEX.

Piranga hepatica, 256.

ludoviciana, 255.

rubra, 256.

rubra cooperi, 256.

rubriceps, 255.
Pitangus, 181.

derbianus, 182.
Plataleidae, 66.
Piatypsaris, 179.

albiventris, 179.
Plautus, 12.

impennis, 13.
Plectrophenax, 220.

hyperboreus, 221.

nivalis, 220.

nivalis townsendi, 220.
Plegadis, 68.

autumnalis, 68.

guarauna, 68.
Plover, American Golden, 99.

Belted Piping, 101.

Black-bellied, 99.

Golden, 99.

Little Ring, 101.

Mongolian, 102.

Mountain, 103.

Pacific Golden, 100.

Piping, 101.

Ring, 101.

Semipalmated, 100.

Snowy, 1 02.

Wilson's, 1 02.
Porlasocys, 102.
Poc'dceps, 2.
Podicipedes, I.
Podicipidae, i, 325.
Podilymbus, 3.

podiceps, 3.
Polioptila, 314.

caerulea, 315.

caerulea obscura, 315.

calif ornica, 315.

plumbea, 315.
Polioptilinae, 314.
Polyborus, 141.

cheriway, 141.

lutosus, 141.
Poocaetes, 222.

gramineus, 222.

gramineus affinis, 223.

gramineus confinis, 223.
Poor-will, 169.

Dusky, 169.

Frosted, 169.
Porzana, 78.

Carolina, 79.

coturniculus, 80.

Porzana jamaicensis, 79.

noveboracensis, 79.

porzana, 78.
Priocella, 31.
Priofinus, 33.
Procellaria, 36.

pelagica, 36.
Procellariidae, 29, 327.
Procellariinas, 29.
Progne, 256.

cryptoleuca, 257.

subis, 257.

subis hesperia, 257.
Protonotaria, 268.

citrea, 268.
Psaltriparus, 311.

lloydi, 312.

minimus, 311.

minimus calif ornicus, 311.

minimus grindae, 312.

plumbeus, 312.

santaritae, 312.
Pseudogryphus, 124.

californianus, 125.
Psittaci, 152.
Psittacidae, 152, 330.
Ptarmigan, Allen's, 113.

Nelson's, 114.

Reinhardt's, 114.

Rock, 113.

Turner's, 114.

Welch's, 114.

White-tailed, 114.

Willow, 113.
Ptiliogonatinas, 261.
Ptychoramphus, 6.

aleuticus, 7.
Puffin, 5.

Horned, 6.

Large-billed, 5.

Tufted, 5.
Puffinus, 31.

auduboni, 32.

borealis, 31.

cinereus, 33.

conradii, 340.

creatopus, 32.

gavia, 32.

griseus, 33.

kuhlii, 327.

major, 31.

puffinus, 32.

stricklandi, 32.

tenuirostris, 33.
Pygopodes, i.
Pyrocephalus, 190.

rubineus mexicanus, 190.

INDEX.

365

Pyrrhula, 212.

cassini, 212.
Pyrrhuloxia, 249.

sinuata. 250.

sinuata beckhami, 250.

sinuata peninsulae, 250.
Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 250.

Saint Lucas, 250.

QUAIL-DOVE, Blue-headed, 124.

Key West, 123.

Ruddy, 124.
Querquedula, 50.
Quiscalus, 209.

macrourus, 210.

major, 211.

quiscula, 210.

quiscula aeneus, 210.

quiscula aglaeus, 210.

RAIL, Belding's, 77.

Black, 79.

California Clapper, 77.

Caribbean Clapper, 78.

Clapper, 77.

Farallone, 80.

Florida Clapper, 78.

King, 76.

Louisiana Clapper, 77.

Virginia, 78.

Yellow, 79.
Ralli, 76.
Rallidae, 76.
Rallinae, 76.
Rallus, 76.

beldingi, 77.

elegans, 76.

crepitans, 77.

crepitans saturatus, 77.

longirostris caribaeus, 78.

obsoletus, 77.

scottii, 78.

virginianus, 78.
Raptores, 124.
Raven, American, 200.

Northern, 200.

White-necked, 200.
Ratitae, 338.
Recurvirostra, 83.

americana, 83.
Recurvirostridae, 83.
Redhead, 52.
Redpoll, 217.

Greenland, 217.

Redpoll, Greater, 218.

Hoary, 217.

Holboell's, 217.
Redstart, American, 286.

Painted, 287.

Red-bellied, 287.
Red-tail, St. Lucas, 131.

Western, 130.
Regulinae, 313.
Regulus, 313.

calendula, 314.

cuvieri, 333.

obscurus, 314.

satrapa, 313.

satrapa olivaceus, 314.
Rhodostethia, 21.

rosea, 21.
Rhynchodon, 138.
Rhynchofalco, 139.
Rhynchophanes, 222.

mccownii, 222.
Rhynchopsitta, 330.

pachyrhynca, 330.
Rissa, 15.

brevirostris, 16.

tridactyla, 15.

tridactyla pollicaris, 16.
Road-runner, 1 54.
Robin, American, 320.

St. Lucas, 320.

Western, 320.
Rostrhamus, 127.

sociabilis, 127.

Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 135.
Ruff, 95.
Rynchopidae, 27.
Rynchops, 27.

nigra, 27.

SALPINCTES, 296.

guadeloupensis, 296.

obsoletus, 296.
Sanderling, 91.
Sandpiper, Aleutian, 87.

Baird's, 88.

Bartramian, 96.

Buff-breasted, 96.

Cooper's, 328.

Curlew, 90.

Green, 94.

Least, 89.

Pectoral, 88.

Pribilof, 87.

Purple, 87.

Red-backed, 89.

Semipalmated, 90.

366

INDEX.

Sandpiper, Sharp-tailed, 88.

Solitary, 94.

Spoonbill, 90.

Spotted, 97.

Stilt, 86.

Western, 91.

Western Solitary, 94.

White-rumped, 88.
Sapsucker, Red-breasted, 163.

Red-naped, 163.

Williamson's, 163.

Yellow-bellied, 163.
Sarcorhamphi, 124.
Saxicola, 321.

oenanthe, 321.
Sayornis, 184.

nigricans, 185.

phoebe, 184.

say a, 185.
Scardafella, 123.

inca, 123.
Scolecophagus, 209.

affinis, 345.

carolinus, 209.

cyanocephalus, 209.
Scolopacidae, 84, 328.
Scolopax, 84.

rusticola, 84.
Scoter, American, 58.

Surf, 59.

Velvet, 58.

White-winged, 59.
Scotiaptex, 144.

cinerea, 144.

cinerea lapponica, 144.
Seed-eater, Sharpe's, 253.
Seiurus, 281.

aurocapillus, 281.

motacilla, 282.

noveboracensis, 281.

noveboracensis notabilis, 281,
Selasphorus, 175.

alleni, 176.

floresii, 175.

platycercus, 175.

rufus, 176.
Setophaga, 286.

miniata., 287.

picta, 287.

ruticilla, 286.
Shearwater, Audubon's, 32.

Black-tailed, 33.

Black-vented, 32.

Cinereous, 327.

Cory's, 31.

Dark-bodied, 33.

Greater, 31.

Shearwater, Manx, 32.

Pink-footed, 32.

Slender-billed, 33.

Sooty, 32.
Shoveller, 51.
Shrike, California, 262.

Loggerhead, 262.

Northern, 261.

White-rumped, 262.
Sialia, 322.

arctica, 323.

mexicana anabelae, 322.

mexicana bairdi, 323.

mexicana occidentalis, 322.

sialis, 322.

sialis azurea, 322.
Simorhynchus, 7.

cristatellus, 7.

pusillus, 8.

pygmasus, 8.
Siskin, Pine, 220.
Sitta, 304.

canadensis, 305.

carolinensis, 304.

carolinensis aculeata, 304.

carolinensis atkinsi, 304.

pusilla, 305.

pygmaea, 305.

pygmaea leuconucha, 305.
Sittinae, 304.
Skimmer, Black, 27.
Skua, 14.
Skylark, 191.
Snipe, European, 85.

Wilson's, 85.
Snowflake, 220.

McKay's, 221.

Pribilof, 220.

Solitaire, Townsend's, 316.
Somateria, 57.

dresseri, 57.

mollissima borealis, 57.

spectabilis, 58.

v-nigra, 57.
Sora, 79.
Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 228.

Aleutian Song, 243.

Arizona, 239.

Bachman's, 239.

Baird's, 226.

Belding's Marsh, 225.

Bell's, 238.

Bischoff's Song, 242.

Black-chinned, 234.

Black-throated, 237.

Boucard's, 240.

Brewer's, 233.

INDEX.

367

Sparrow, Brown's Song, 242.
Bryant's Marsh, 224.
Cassin's, 239.
Chipping, 232.
Clay-colored, 232.
Desert Song, 241.
Dusky Seaside, 229.
Field, 233.
Forbush's, 243.
Fox, 244.
Gambel's, 231.
Golden-crowned, 231.
Grasshopper, 226.
Gray Sage, 238.
Harris's, 230.
Heermann's, 241.
Henslow's, 226.
Intermediate, 230.
Ipswich, 223.
Large-billed, 225.
Lark, 229.
Leconte's, 227.
Lincoln's, 243.
Mexican, 239.
Mountain Song, 241.
Nelson's, 227.
Oregon Vesper, 223.
Pine-woods, 238.
Rock, 240.

Rufous-crowned, 240.
Rufous-winged, 240.
Rusty Song, 242.
Sage, 238.
St. Lucas, 225.
Samuels's Song, 241.
San Clemente Song, 243.
Sandwich, 224.
Santa Barbara Song, 242.
Savanna, 224.
Scott's Seaside, 228.
Seaside, 228.
Sharp-tailed, 227.
Slate-colored, 245.
Song, 241.
Sooty Song, 242.
Swamp, 244.
Texas, 245.
Texas Seaside, 228.
Thick-billed, 245.
Townsend's, 244.
Tree, 231.
Vesper, 222.
Western Chipping, 232.
Western Field, 233.
Western Grasshopper, 226.
Western Henslow's, 227.
Western Lark, 229.

Sparrow, Western Savanna, 224.

Western Tree, 232.

Western Vesper, 223.

White-crowned, 230.

White-throated, 231.

Worthen's, 233.
Spatula, 51.

clypeata, 51.
Speotyto, 150.

cuniculara floridana, 150.

cunicularia hypogaea, 1 50.
Sphyrapicus, 163.

ruber, 163.

thyroideus, 163.

varius, 163.

varius nuchalis, 163.
Spinus, 218.

lawrencei, 219.

notatus, 219.

pinus, 220.

psaltria, 218.

psaltria arizonae, 219.

psaltria mexicanus, 219.

tristis, 218.

tristis pallidus, 218.
Spiza, 254.

americana, 254.

townsendi, 331.
Spizella, 231.

atrigularis, 234.

breweri, 233.

monticola, 231.

monticola ochracea, 232.

pallida, 232.

pusilla, 233.

pusilla arenacea, 233.

socialis, 232.

socialis arizonae, 232.

wortheni, 233.
Spoonbill, Roseate, 67.
Sporophila, 253.

morelleti sharpei, 253.
Squatarola, 99.
Starling, 202.
Starnoenas, 124.

cyanocephala, 124.
Steganopodes, 39.
Steganopus, 83.
Stelgidopteryx, 260.

serripennis, 260.
Stellula, 176.

calliope, 176.
Stercorariidae, 13.
Stercorarius, 14.

longicaudus, 15.

parasiticus, 14.

pomarinus, 14.

368

INDEX.

Sterna, 23, 24.

aleutica, 25.

anaethetus, 26.

antillarum, 26.

dougalli, 25.

elegans, 23.

forsteri, 24.

fuliginosa, 26.

hirundo, 24.

maxima, 23.

paradisaea, 25.

sandvicensis acuflavida, 24.

trudeaui, 24.

tschegrava, 23.
Sterninae, 22.
Sternula, 25.
Stilt, Black-necked, 84.
Stint, Long-toed, 89.
Streptoceryle, 156.
Sfriges, 142.
Strigidae, 142.
Strix, 142.

pratincola, 142.
Sturnella, 206.

magna, 206.

magna mexicana, 206.

magna neglecta, 206.
Sturnidae, 202.
Sturnus, 202.

vulgaris, 202.
Sula, 39.

bassana, 41.

brewsteri, 40.

cyanops, 40.

gossi, 40.

loxostyla, 340.

piscator, 40.

sula, 40.
Sulidae, 39.
Surnia, 149.

ulula, 149.

ulula caparoch, 149.
Swallow, Bahaman, 259.

Bank, 259.

Barn, 258.

Cliff, 257.

Cuban Cliff, 258.

Rough-winged, 260.

Tree, 257.

Violet-green, 259.
Swan, Trumpeter, 65.

Whistling, 65.

Whooping, 65.
Swift, Black, 171.

Chimney, 172.

Vaux's, 172.

White-throated, 173.

Sylvania, 285.

canadensis, 286.

microcephala, 333.

mitrata, 285.

pusilla, 285.

pusilla pileolata, 286.
Sylviidae, 313, 333.
Sylviinae, 313.
Symphemia, 94.

semipalmata, 94.

semipalmata inornata, 95.
Synthliboramphus, 8.

antiquus, 8.
Syrnium, 143.

nebulosum, 143.

nebulosum alleni, 143.

occidentale, 143.

TACHYCINETA, 258.

bicolor, 258.

thalassina, 259.
Tachytriorchis, 132.
Tanager, Cooper's, 256.

Gray's, 255

Hepatic, 256.

Louisiana, 255.

Scarlet, 255.

Summer, 256.
Tanagridae, 254.
Tantalinas, 68.
Tantalus, 68.

loculator, 69.
Tatler, Wandering, 95.
Teal, Blue-winged, 50.

Cinnamon, 51.

European, 50.

Green-winged, 50.
Telmatodytes, 302.
Telmatornis affinis, 338.

priscus, 338.
Tern, Aleutian, 25.

Arctic, 25.

Black, 26.

Bridled, 26.

Cabot's, 24.

Caspian, 23.

Common, 24.

Elegant, 23.

Forster's, 24.

Gull-billed, 22.

Least, 26.

Roseate, 25.

Royal, 23.

Sooty, 26.

Trudeau's, 24.

White- winged Black, 27.

INDEX.

Tetraonidae, 106.
Tetraoninae, no.
Thalasseus, 23.
Thalassogeron, 28.

culminatus, 28.
Thrasaetos, 135.

harpyia, 135.
Thrasher, Bendire's, 293.

Brown, 293.

California, 294.

Crissal, 295.

Curve-billed, 293.

Leconte's, 294.

Mearns's, 294.

Palmer's, 293.

Sage, 291.

St. Lucas, 294.

Sennett's, 293.
Thrush, Audubon's Hermit, 319.

BicknelPs, 317.

Dwarf Hermit, 3 1 8.

Gray-cheeked, 317.

Hermit, 319.

Olive-backed, 318.

Red- winged, 319.

Russet-backed, 318.

Varied, 321.

Willow, 317.

Wilson's, 317.

Wood, 316.
Thryomanes, 298.
Thryothorus, 297.

bewickii, 298.

bewickii bairdi, 299.

bewickii spilurus, 299.

brevicaudus, 299.

leucophrys, 299.

ludovicianus, 298.

ludovicianus lomitensis, 298.

ludovicianus miamensis, 298.
Tinnunculus, 140.
Titmouse, Ashy, 307.

Black-crested, 306.

Bridled, 307.

Gray, 307.

Plain, 306.

Texas Tufted, 306.

Tufted, 306.
Tetanus, 92.
( flavipes, 93.
' melanoleucus, 93.

nebularius, 93.

ochropus, 94.

solitarius, 94.

solitarius cinnamomeus, 94.
Towhee, 246.

Abert's, 248.

Towhee, Anthony's, 248.

Arctic, 246.

California, 248.

Caflon, 247.

Green-tailed, 247.

Guadalupe, 247.

Oregon, 247.

Saint Lucas, 248.

Spurred, 246.

White-eyed, 246.
Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 64.

Fulvous, 64.
Tringa, 86.

acuminata, 88.

alpina, 89.

alpina pacifica, 89.

bairdii, 88.

canutus, 86.

cooperi, 328.

couesi, 87.

damacensis, 89.

ferruginea, 90.
• fuscicollis, 88.

maculata, 88.

maritima, 87.

minutilla, 89.

ptilocnemis, 87.
Trochili, 173.
Trochilidae, 173.
Trochilus, 174.

alexandri, 174.

colubris, 174.

violajugulum, 174.
Troglodytes, 300.

aedon, 300.

aedon aztecus, 300.

aedon parkmanii, 300.

alascensis, 301.

hiemalis, 301.

hiemalis pacificus, 301.
Troglodytidae, 291.
Troglodytinaa, 295.
Trogon, 156.

ambiguus, 156.

Coppery-tailed, 156.
Trogones, 156.
Trogonidse, 156.
Troupial, 207.
Tryngites, 96.

subruficollis, 96.
Tubinares, 28.
Turdidae, 316.
Turdinae, 316.
Turdus, 316.

aliciae, 317.

aliciae bicknelli, 317.

aonalaschkse, 318.

24

370

INDEX.

Turdus aonalaschkse auduboni, 319.

aonalaschkse pallasi, 319.

fuscescens, 317.

fuscescens salicicolus, 317.

iliacus, 319.'

mustelinus, 316.

ustulatus, 318.

ustulatus swainsoni, 318.
Turkey, Florida Wild, 118.

Mexican, 118.

Rio Grande Wild, 118.

Wild, 118.
Turnstone, 103.

Black, 104.
Tympanuchus, 115.

americanus, 115.

americanus attwateri, 115.

cupido, 115.

pallidicinctus, 116.
Tyrannidge, 179.
Tyrannus, 180.

dominicensis, 180.

melancholicus couchii, 181.

tyrannus, 1 80.

verticalis, 181.

vociferans, 181.

UINTORNIS lucaris, 345.
Una, n.

affinis, 339.

antiqua, 339.

lomvia, 12.

lomvia arra, 12.

troile, n.

troile calif ornica, n.
Urile, 44.
Urinator, 3.

adamsii, 4.

arcticus, 4.

imber, 3.

lumme, 4.

pacificus, 4.
Urinatoridae, 3.
Urubitinga, 133.

anthracina, 133.

VANELLUS, 98.

vanellus, 98.
Verdin, 313.
Vireo, 272, 265.

atricapillus, 265.

bellii, 267.

bellii pusillus, 267.

calidris barbatulus, 263.

Vireo flavifrons, 264.

flavoviridis, 263.

gilvus, 264.

hutttoni, 266.

huttoni obscurus, 266.

huttoni stephensi, 266.

noveboracensis, 266.

noveboracensis maynardi, 266.

olivaceus, 263.

philadelphicus, 263.

solitarius, 264.

solitarius alticola, 265.

solitarius cassinii, 264.

solitarius lucasanus, 265.

solitarius plumbeus, 265.

vicinior, 267.
Vireo, Anthony's, 266.

Bell's, 267.

Black-capped, 265.

Black-whiskered, 263.

Blue-headed, 264.

Cassin's, 264.

Gray, 267.

Hutton's, 266.

Key West, 266.

Least, 267.

Mountain Solitary, 265.

Philadelphia, 263.

Plumbeous, 265.

Red-eyed, 263.

St. Lucas Solitary, 265.

Stephens's, 266.

Warbling, 264.

White-eyed, 266.

Yellow-green, 263.

Yellow-throated, 264.
Vireonidae, 262, 331.
Vireosylva, 262.
Vulture, Black, 125.

Burroughs's Turkey, 329.

California, 125.

King, 329.

Turkey, 125.

WAGTAIL, Siberian Yellow, 289.

Swinhoe's, 289.

White, 289.
Warbler, Audubon's, 275.

Bachman's, 270.

Bay-breasted, 277.

Bell's, 288.

Black and White, 268.

Blackburnian, 277.

Black-poll, 277.

Black-throated Blue, 275.

Black-throated Gray, 278.

INDEX.

371

Warbier, Black-throated Green, 279.

Blue Mountain, 333.

Blue-winged, 270.

Brasher's, 288.

Brewster's, 332.

Calaveras, 271.

Canadian, 286.

Cape May, 273.

Carbonated, 332.

Cerulean, 276.

Chestnut-sided, 276.

Cincinnati, 332.

Connecticut, 282.

Dusky, 272.

Golden-cheeked, 278.

Golden-winged, 270.

Grace's, 278.

Hermit, 279.

Hooded, 285.

Kennicott's Willow, 313.

Kentucky, 282.

Kirtland's, 280.

Lawrence's, 331.

Lucy's, 270.

Lutescent, 272.

Macgillivray's, 283.

Magnolia, 276.

Mangrove, 275.

Mourning, 283.

Myrtle, 275.

Nashville, 271.

Olive, 274.

Orange-crowned, 272.

Palm, 280.

Parula, 273.

Pileolated, 286.

Pine, 280.

Prairie, 281.

Prothonotary, 268.

Red, 288.

Red-faced, 287.

Sennett's, 273.

Small-headed, 333.

Sonora Yellow, 274.

Swainson's, 269.

Sycamore, 278.

Tennessee, 272.

Townsend's, 279.

Virginia's, 271.

Wilson's, 285.

Worm-eating, 269.

Yellow, 274.

Yellow Palm, 280.

Yellow-throated, 277.
Water-Thrush, 281.

GrinneH's, 281.

Louisiana, 282.

Waxwing, Bohemian, 260.

Cedar, 260.
Wheatear, 321.
Whimbrel, 98.
Whip-poor-will, 168.

Stephens's, 169.
Widgeon, 49.
Willet, 94.

Western, 95.
Woodcock, American, 84.

European, 84.
Woodpecker, Alaskan Three-toed, 162.

Alpine Three-toed, 162.

American Three-toed, 162.

Arctic Three-toed, 162.

Arizona, 161.

Batchelder's, 160.

Cabanis's, 159.

Calif ornian, 164.

Downy, 159

Gairdner's, 159.

Gila, 1 66.

Golden-fronted, 166.

Hairy, 158.

Harris's, 159.

Ivory-billed, 158.

Lewis's, 164.

Narrow-fronted, 164.

Northern Hairy, 158.

NuttalFs, 161.

Pileated, 164.

Red-bellied, 165.

Red-cockaded, 160.

Red-headed, 164.

Saint Lucas, 160.

Southern Hairy, 158.

Texan, 160.

White-headed, 161.

Williamson's, 163.
Wren, Alaskan, 301.

Baird's, 299.

Bewick's, 298.

Bryant's Cactus, 295.

Cactus, 295.

Canon, 297.

Carolina, 298.

Dotted Cafton, 295.

Florida, 298.

Guadalupe, 299.

Guadalupe Rock, 296.

House, 300.

Lomita, 298.

Long-billed Marsh, 302.

Marian's Marsh, 303.

Parkman's, 300.

Rock, 296.

St. Lucas Cactus, 296.

372

INDEX.

Wren, San Clemente, 299.

Short-billed Marsh, 301.

Tule", 302.

Vigors's, 299.

Western House, 300.

Western Winter, 301.

White-throated, 297.

Winter, 301.

Worthington's Marsh, 302.
Wren-Tit, 310.

Pallid, 311.

XANTHOCEPHALUS, 204.

xanthocephalus, 204.
Xanthoura, 198.

luxuosa, 198.
Xema, 22.

sabinii., 22.
Xenopicus, 161.

albolarvatus, 161.

YELLOW-LEGS, 93.

Greater, 93.
Yellow-throat, Belding's, 284.

Florida, 284.

Maryland, 283.

Rio Grande, 284.

Western, 284.
Yphantes, 208.

ZENAIDA, 121.

zenaida, 121.
Zenaidura, 121.

macroura, 121.
Zonotrichia, 230.

albicollis, 231.

coronata, 231.

leucophrys, 230.

leucophrys gambeli, 231.

leucophrys intermedia, 230.

querula, 230.

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