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Ril ; LA PIIG AP; aed (Oe: - - | 7" arte? +s ont | J RANMA TUE Y, Fae PE 1 “A | : Atsigw (8) db) da’: , ree Ps 2 ¢ Np Kee | » “SS ta : piieee ar hee de) eee aka peas Views BA Te Pw “eG by ee on) Pe<* . * | ; ; : ~~ i cmt art An? Pee ee jarhact, tras =" atate pert oie a —— 1¢ a ; ve. ey jogs &) ety See wat apiegtc late * ete Pat te sds Vang ef are ew ) _ inte Ey “ in io oe to eae _— a | ae ee ee ene ena rn aa aee CHECK-LIST OF Nortna American Brrps PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE American Ornithologists’ Union THIRD EDITION (REVISED) Zoological Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science : ZANTHSONIANy AUG 17 1987 NEW YORK LIBRARIES AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION pleennnre es 1910 oC ‘ _ 7 ely : - | on ; in| ad ¢ ‘ - aig : j ‘ a j wy aA ’ . 7 , 4 1 a : f | { j eu 4 | i hb e ' , { r 8 . é | 4 $ J a s j = j 1 74 d () f ' : } \ : ! pet ‘ \ il j Th af - i y t ; ' = ' m ‘ ug } i. i ¥ 1 j lj ‘ ’ » 5 r ° 5 a : | i f i f i , ny fs i i soe g cS : { bya raat : i . ' ‘ ae ¥ ti y i? / = if i alla 2 H j , Mi - i : 4 ; : 7 , . 7 a a ' ; ‘ ‘ P | y } \ j | ae : : ‘ + 7 : A a , % é F = f i . J d j a4 1 F i i ! A j * 7 - vi ‘ . Li ‘ \ is : TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. TABLE OF CONTENTS . : : : ; : : , : 3 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION : ? : : : : ; uh PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION . 6 : : ; : 5 As PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION ; : ; : i , apa 2k) CHECK-LIST : ; : 3 : s : : d ; = seit I. PyYGoOpopgEs . : ; ‘ ‘ F ‘ ‘ : ; PP, eA a. Colymbi J : é : : é : : 5 eel 1. Colymbide . : : : : : : : 517 74ll b. Cepphi : ; ; : : : : 3 ‘ ca oe 2. Gaviide : : ‘ ? : : ; ; Reet 24 3. Alcide ; : ; : z : ¢ F 25 II. LoncirENNES : : ‘ ‘ ‘ : 2 i : OS 4. Stercorariide P : : , ; : : 5) 83} 5. Laride . : F F : : : : : ATS 6. Rynchopide . 3 : : é : ; : om 4S III. TusInareEs ; , : : ‘ : ‘ é 3 si 748 7. Diomedeide . 5 : : : : : : . 48 8. Procellariide . F ; ‘ : 3 : ; sey) IV. STEGANOPODES . . E F ‘ i : ‘ : Sh 09 9. Phaéthontide : : = : : : j 5 63!) 10. Sulidze ‘ : ; ; : F : : 5) (a0) 11. Anhingide . ? ; : F : : : ay Ol 12. Phalacrocoracide : , : : : ‘ 20) 162 13. Pelecanide . ‘ : ‘ : : ; : . 64 14, Fregatide . A : : : : ‘ : GD V. ANSERES . i : : ; : 2 : F ay 66 15. Anatidee F ‘ : : : ; 2 : OG VI. OponTOGLOssx . : i : ;: : ; 2 ‘ 2 90 16. Phoenicopteride . é : : . : : 7190 VII. HeropIoNEs : : ; : : F , , , Rh cal c. Ibides . ? , : F ‘ : p : : ‘vO 17. Plataleide . : , : F : ‘ : Aen’)! 18. Ibidide : : ; : : : ; a OI VIII. IX. XIl. XII. XIV. CONTENTS. d. Ciconiz é. 19. Ciconiide Herodii 20. Ardeidez PALUDICOLE jf. Grues 21. Gruidse 22. Aramid g. Ralli 23. Rallide LIMICOL : ; 3 24. Phalaropodide . 25. Recurvirostride 26. Scolopacide 27. Charadriide 28. Aphrizide . 29. Hematopodide 30. Jacanide GALLINE . hk. Phasiani : : 31. Odontophoride . 32. Tetraonide 33. Meleagrids 7. Penelopes 34. Cracidsze CoLUMBz : : 35. Columbids RAPTORES 7. Sarcorhamphi 36. Cathartideze k. Falcones : 37. Buteonide 38. Falconidx . 39. Pandionide l. Striges ; ; 40. Aluconide . 41. Strigidse PSITTACI : F 42. Psittacide . CoccyGEs m. Cuculi 43. Cuculide n. Trogones 44. Trogonids o. Alecyones . : 45. Alcedinidse PAGE 93 93 94 94 100 100 101 101 101 101 107 107 108 109 126 131 132 133 134 134 134 137 145 146 146 147 147 152 152 152 153 153 163 168 168 168 169 179 179 180 180 180 183 183 183 183 CONTENTS. 5 PAGE OVE TAC ; : : : : : : : ‘ : SS 46. Picideze : ; ‘ A ; : : ; lsd XVI. MACROCHIRES . ; ; : : ‘ ; : ‘ LOG p. Caprimulgi 3 : : : : : ; 5 . 196 47. Caprimulgide . : ‘ ; 5 : 5 . 96 q. Cypseli : ; . : : ; : : : . 200 48. Micropodide . : ; ‘ ‘ : 5 . 200 r. Trochili ; ; ‘ é ‘ ; : : : 5 Won 49. Trochilide . ; : : : : 3 ‘ 2 201 XVII. PassEREs : : : ; A ; : : £ 5 PAT s. Clamatores : j ; ; : é ; 4 5 P4AUe 50. Cotingide . : : : ‘ : : , 20% 51. Tyrannide . ; : . ; : : ; 207 t. Oscines : : 4 s : ; : ; ; » 218 52. Alaudide . : : : : ; 4 : . 218 53. Corvide . : i : ‘ , : . Bail 54. Sturnide . : 2 , : : : : . 230 55. Icteride . : ‘ ; ; ; : : oll 56. Fringillidee : : : . : ; ; . 240 57. Tangaride : : j ‘ . ; : . 288 58. Hirundinide : 5 : : ; . : 290 59. Bombyeillide . : ‘ : : : : 295 60. Laniide . 5 ‘ : : é , F . 296 61. Vireonide . ein f ; i : ‘ . 298 62. Ccerebide . é ‘ 3 : A ‘ : . 3804 63. Mniotiltide 3 : ‘ ; : , 5 . 304 64. Motacillide 2 : ‘ ; : : ; 5 SP 65. Cinclide . 5 3 : : A é : a Olo 66. Mimide . g 3 : - 5 : : 5 eR) 67. Troglodytide . : ; : : , ; . 335 68. Certhiide . : i F P : : ; 3 044 69. Sittide ‘ ‘ : : , 3 : ‘ 5 an 70. Paride ‘ ; : ; : ; : ; 5 axilz 71. Chameidze 3 F ; ‘ . : : 4: 72. Sylviide . : ; : : ; : : . 355 Go. burdidse) : : . : : : F 5 tis: HYPOTHETICAL LIST : 5 : : : : : 5 . 369 THE FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA . : : : . 375 INDEX : é : : : - , ; “ ; . 7.000 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. HE first edition of this Check-List of North American Birds was published in 1886,' and the second (revised) in 1895.2 The preparation of the present (third) edition was authorized at a Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists’ Union held in New York City, November 13-16, 1905, the work being assigned to the Committee on Nomenclature and Classification of North American Birds. Another Committee was at the same time appointed to make a critical examina- tion of the A. O. U. Code of Nomenclature, with a view to amending some of its provisions, should such revision seem desirable. This Committee, after prolonged consideration of the subject, made its report, which was adopted by the Council of the Union, and a small edition of the revised Code was issued in July, 1908.3 The ‘New Code’ is thus the basis of the nomenclatural rulings of the present Check-List. The Committee on Nomenclature and Classification, besides holding numerous sessions covering a period of four years, appor- tioned much of the labor of preparing the Check-List among various subcommittees, the work of individual members of the Committee between its sessions being thus the real measure of its activities. The results have been made public in two supplements (Fourteenth and 1 The Code of Nomenclature | and | Check-List of North American Birds | adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union | being the Report of the Committee | of the Union on Classification and Nomenclature | — | Zodlogical Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists’ Union | 1886.— 8vo, pp. viii + 392. 2 Check-List | of | North American Birds | Prepared by a Committee | of the American Ornithologists’ Union | Second and Revised Edition | — | Zodlogical Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science |— | New York | American Ornithologists’ Union | 1895 — 8vo, pp. xi + 372. 3 The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists’ Union | — | Revised Edition |— | Zoédlogical Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science |— |New York| American Ornithologists’ Union|July, 1908—8vo, pp. i- Ixxxv. Edition, 200 copies + 150 printed later. 7 8 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. Fifteenth) to the Check-List, published respectively in ‘The Auk’ for July, 1908, and July, 1909." The changes in nomenclature from the second edition are numer- ous, and result mainly from two causes: The recent unprecedented activity in bibliographic research, abroad as well as in America, and the strict application of the law of priority. ‘The critical examination of many little known or wholly overlooked early publications, and more careful scrutiny of others long well known, has led to the dis- covery of many generic and specific names that, under universally accepted rules of nomenclature, must be adopted. Many of these changes result from the tendency heretofore to ignore rules of nomen- clature when their observance entailed unwelcome changes in technical names. With each year, however, the tendency is toward a strict enforcement of generally accepted rules of nomenclature, the former indifference to such rules rapidly giving place to their strenuous observance, especially by the younger school of taxonomers. Many changes in generic names have resulted from raising to generic rank various groups recognized merely as subgenera in the first and second editions of the Check-List, their reduction in grade by the original Committee having failed to meet with general approval. The classification adopted for the Check-List a quarter of a century ago does not now reflect current views on the relationships of many 1 Eight Supplements to the Check-List have been published since the appearance of the second edition, as follows: : Eighth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, pp. 117-135. Ninth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds.— Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, pp. 97-133. Tenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds.— Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, pp. 295-320. Eleventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XIX, July, 1902, pp. 315-342. Twelfth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XX, July, 1903, pp. 331-368. Thirteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XXI, July, 1904, pp. 411-424. Fourteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XXV, July, 1908, pp. 343-399. Fifteenth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds.— Auk, XX VI, July, 1909, pp. 294-303. For a list of the previous Supplements see the Preface to the second edition of the Check-List (below, p. 15). PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 9 of the ordinal and subordinal groups of birds. It was at first the intention of the Committee to modernize the sequence of these groups. The fact, however, that present systems of classification in ornithology are admittedly tentative, and differ widely among themselves, it seemed best, from the standpoint of convenience, to continue the old Check- List system unchanged, since the users of the Check-List are familiar with the present order of arrangement and would regret the annoyance that a radical change from it would cause. In deference to this known wide-spread preference the old order of arrangement has been continued. In the opinion of the Committee, a slight modification’ of the system proposed by Dr. Hans Gadow in 1892-93? would best reflect our present knowledge of the classification of birds, an abstract of which is here added. This system is at present extensively em- ployed, it being that followed by Evans in the volume ‘Birds’ of the ‘Cambridge Natural History Series’ (London, 1899), and by Knowl- ton in his recently published ‘Birds of the World’ (New York, 1909). It is also the basis of the system adopted by Ridgway in his ‘Birds of North and Middle America.’ The subjoined abstract of the Gadow system is from Bronn’s ‘Thier-reichs’. The Check-List equivalents are added in brackets, for convenience of comparison. ABSTRACT OF GADOW’S CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS. Cuass AVES? Subclass I. ARCHA:ORNITHES. Subclass II. NrornitTHEs. Division I. Neornithes Ratite. Ratite. Struthiones. Rhee. 1 It is believed, for example, that the groups Columbe, Striges, and Psittaci should be accorded ordinal rank; and in general the Committee would prefer the Check-List eval- uation of the groups therein recognized as orders and suborders. 2 On the Classification of Birds. By Hans Gadow, M. A., Ph. D., F. Z. S., Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Advanced Morphology of Vertebrata in the University of Cambridge.— Proc. Zodél. Soc. London, 1892, pp. 229-256. Dr. H. G. Bronn’s Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-reichs, wissenschaftlich darges- telt in Wort und Bild. Sechster Band. Vierte Abtheilung. Végel. Von Hans Gadow, Ph. D., M.A., F.R.S. .... II, Systematischer Theil, Leipzig, 1893.— Roy. 8vo, pp. vii + 304. 3 Subclass I, and Divisions 1 and 2, and Order 1 of Division 3, consist wholly of extinct types, and are not included in the classification, adopted in the Check-List, given above in the ‘Table of Contents’, 10 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. Casuarii. Apteryges. Dinornithes. A®pyornithes. Stereornithes. Phororhacos, Brontornis, Stereornis, etc. Diatryma. Remiornis, Dasornis. Gastornis. Division 2. Neornithes Odontolce. Hesperornithes. Enaliornithes. Division 3. Neornithes Carinate. Order 1. Ichthyornithes. «2. Colymbiformes. [= Order Pygopodes, excluding Alcidz.] Suborder Colymbi. [= Suborder Cepphi, excluding Alcide.] f Podicipedes. [= Suborder Colymbi.] “« 3. Sphenisciformes. [Extralimital.] Procellariiformes. [= Order Tubinares.] a “5. Ciconiiformes. [= Orders Steganopodes, Herodiones, and Odon- toglossz.] Suborder Steganopodes. [= Order Steganopodes.] a Arde. [= Suborder Herodii.] “ Ciconize. [= Suborders Ibides and Ciconiz.] Pheenicopteri. [= Order Odontoglossz.] ‘6. Anseriformes. [= Order Anseres.] “7. Falconiformes. [= Order Raptores, excluding Striges.] Suborder Cathartz. [= Suborder Sarcorhamphi.] ze Accipitres. [= Suborder Falcones.] Tinamiformes. [Extralimital.] Galliformes. [= Order Galline.] Suborder Mesites. [Extralimital.] ‘ Turnices. [Extralimital.] oe bo) Ee) ae Galli. [= Suborders Phasiani and Penelopes.] “ce Opisthocomi. [Extralimital.] “10. Gruiformes. [= Order Paludicole, divided into Suborders Grues and Ralli.] “11. Charadriiformes. [= Orders Limicole and Longipennes, Family Alcidee, and Order Columbe.] Suborder Limicole. [= Order Limicolz.] as Lari. [= Order Longipennes + Alcide.] Pterocles. [Extralimital.] Columb. [= Order Columbez.] “12. Cuculiformes. [= Order Psittaci and Suborder Cuculi.] Suborder Cuculi. [= Suborder Cuculi.] ss Psittaci. [= Order Psittaci.] “ “ce PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 11 Order 13. Coraciiformes. [= Suborders Trogones, Alecyones and Striges, and Orders Macrochires and Pici.} Suborder Coracia#. [= Suborder Aleyones + other (extra- limital) groups.] Suborder Striges. [= Suborder Striges of Raptores.] “ Caprimulgi. [= Suborder Caprimulgi.] re Cypseli. [= Suborders Cypseli and Trochili.] ” Trogones. [= Suborder Trogones.] SS Pici. [= Order Pici + various extralimital fami- lies in addition to the Woodpeckers.] «14. Passeriformes. [= Order Passeres.] Suborder Passeres anisomyodi. Subclamatores. [Extralimital.] Clamatores. [= Suborder Clamatores.] Passeres diacromyodi. Suboscines. [Extralimital.] Oscines. [= Suborder Oscines.] (zs It has been considered advisable to retain the present sequence of the groups down to and including species. As many species have been added, and some eliminated, since the publication of the original edition of the Check-List in 1886, a new consecutive numbering of the species would differ much from that hitherto in use. It has there- fore seemed best to omit the serial numbering in the present edition, giving the old numbers in brackets at the right of the name, as a cross-reference or concordance to the previous editions and the later Supplements. The geographical boundaries of the Check-List area remain as heretofore. The principal changes in the construction of the new edition are the following: 1. The elimination of all species included in former editions exclusively on the authority of Giraud as found in ‘‘Texas,” except where their occurrence within the Check-List limits has been confirmed. 2. The secondary references under species and subspecies, and the concord- ance to the previous check-lists (those of Baird, Coues, and Ridgway), are omitted. 3. The mention of the type species under genera is followed by a statement of how the type was determined — whether by monotypy, tautonymy, original designation, or subsequent designation. 4. The type localities of species and subspecies are given as indicated by the original author. 5. Generic, specific, and subspecific names are marked for accent. 13 PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 6. Numbering of species omitted. 7. Stragglers or accidental visitors are designated by the matter relating to them being bracketed. 8. Subspecies are distinguished typographically by the use of smaller type. 9. Addition of a map showing the principal life zones of North America. At the meetings of the Committee held in 1905 and 1906, and also later, the various parts of the work connected with the preparation of a new Check-List were assigned to different members of the Com- mittee, acting as subcommittees, with whom were sometimes asso- ciated other members of the Union familiar with special questions. The Committee is thus especially indebted to Messrs. Chapman, Cooke, A. K. Fisher, J. Grinnell, Lucas, Nelson, Oberholser, Osgood, and Stejneger for assistance in its work. To Dr. Richmond was assigned the task of verifying the references and citations in the second edition of the Check-List, and of preparing the nomenclatural part of the new Check-List for publication. A special subcommittee on nomenclature was established, consisting of the Chairman, Richmond, and Stone. ‘To Mr. Ridgway (with the codperation of Dr. Stejneger) was assigned the task of drafting a new classification, which, however, it was finally decided not to use, for reasons already given. ‘The determination of type localities of species and subspecies was assigned to Drs. Richmond and A. K. Fisher. The revision of the list of fossil North American birds was referred to Drs. Richmond and Lucas. The accentuation of the technical names was referred to a sub- committee consisting of the Chairman, Dr. Dwight, and Mr. Batchelder. The preliminary revision of the geographical ranges of the species and subspecies was undertaken by Mr. Stone, while the final revision and preparation of the manuscript for the press was assumed by Dr. Merriam, who, with the aid of members of his scientific staff (Biologi- cal Survey) has given the subject thorough consideration. It was at first intended to base the revision on an examination of published records, but later these were supplemented by the resources, in large part unpublished, of the Biological Survey. The ranges as now given therefore embody a large amount of original research, and may be taken as reflecting the present available knowledge of the subject, for which the Union owes a lasting debt of gratitude to PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 13 Mr. Stone and Dr. Merriam, and those associated with them in the work.! A subcommittee on the revision of the vernacular names consisted of the Chairman and Dr. Dwight. The changes made are not numer- ous, and are mainly the substitution of the vernacular names most in use within the range of the species. (For a list of these changes see the Fifteenth Supplement, published in ‘The Auk,’ July, 1909, pp. 302, 303). The final editorial supervision of the new Check-List was assigned to the Chairman. J. A. ALLEN, Chairman. Cuas. W. Ricumonp, Secretary. WILLIAM BREWSTER. Committee. { JONATHAN Dwicut, JR. C. Hart MERRIAM. RoBert Ripeway. WITMER STONE. 1 Besides the valuable assistance rendered by Messrs. W. W. Cooke, H. W. Henshaw, E. W. Nelson, H. C. Oberholser, and W. H. Osgood, of the Biological Survey, Mr. Joseph Grinnell, Curator of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoélogy of the University of California, has kindly revised the ranges of many of the species represented in California. Messrs. Arthur T. Wayne, Andrew Allison, and H. H. Kopman furnished, respectively, manuscript lists of the birds of South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, for the use of the Committee. 4 iat i] ‘ y> { i f a] A fs = =. A j ti vi ‘ eat rn l a! uA dul Ei ‘is 1 ® ) } a i ’ q | D | i] y, ey i on nN i ‘ oft a | ’ 1" ' 1 r 1 ‘ | prt mies 5 j | } yi 1 ) 4 7 7 , j if i 1 ' + hat f ' ) . %, - j tl yi} ri 1 SS neh fai, bY i yt \ 7 Ua) { il sl ° * Saal we el ar pi - he * Jie id ‘| 1 ai Pon et da! * t - Li i - r | ; | 7 ’ it - : i) _ i} » ev / hoes . * ; i ] ‘ h - 7 J i dae ; - 4 i “5 H ia ; } i i . i - ; 1 } i ii v ( hy } itl = Ni 7 : | - J! in ’ ef it ; by ol i Pg s : Live a | ; a) (a s "\ ; , « ea Ae | : hd ms iy fT } y zt cat a " ) 7 ho 4 ‘ et ; iw i _ iy - { : ‘ t f * " 4 Ad) Re 4 *%) ¥ n q , > ro. fj PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. T the Eleventh Congress of the American Ornithologists’ Union, held in Cambridge, Mass., November 20-23, 1894, it was voted to publish, as early as practicable, a new edition of the Union’s Check- List of North American Birds, to include the numerous additions and nomenclatural changes made in the several Supplements’ to the Check-List since the publication of the original edition, together with a revision of the ‘habitats’ of the species and subspecies, but omitting the Code of Nomenclature.? The original Committee on Classifica- tion and Nomenclature of North American Birds was reappointed? to take charge of the work. The Committee held sessions in Washing- ton, D. C., January 15-19, 1894, and February 12, 13, 1895, to outline the work and to rule on the questions involved in the publication of the revised List. The revision of the matter relating to the geographic 1 Supplement | to the | Code of Nomenclature and Check-List | of | North American Birds | adopted by the American Ornithologists’ Union | Prepared by | a Committee of the Union | — | New York | American Ornithologists’ Union | 1889.— 8vo, pp. 23. Second Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, VII, Jan. 1890, pp. 60-66. Also separate. Third Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds. The Auk, VIII, Jan. 1891, pp. 83-90. Also separate. Fourth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, IX, Jan. 1892, pp. 105-108. Also separate. Fifth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, X, Jan. 1893, pp. 59-63. Also separate. Sixth Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North Ameri- can Birds. The Auk, XI, Jan. 1894, pp. 46-51. Also separate. Seventh Supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-List of North American Birds. The Auk, XII, April, 1894, pp. 163-169. Also separate. Check-List | of | North American Birds | according to the Canons of Nomenclature | of the | American Ornithologists’ Union | — | Abridged Edition | Revised | — | Published by the American Ornithologists’ Union | 1889.— 8vo, pp. 71. Includes the additions to the original Check-List made in the first Supplement. 2 Republished separately in 1892 as a pamphlet of 72 pages with the following title: The | Code of Nomenclature | adopted by the | American Ornithologists’ Union | — | Zodlogical Nomenclature is a means, not an end, of Zodlogical Science | — | New York | American Ornithologists’ Union | 1892. [S8vo, pp. i-v + 1-72. Same as the original, with a prefatory ‘ Note’ and Index.] 3 With the exception of Mr. H. W. Henshaw, who was unable to serve, and Dr. C. Hart Merriam was appointed in his stead, 15 16 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. distribution of the species and subspecies was undertaken by the Committee as a whole, each member in turn taking it in hand, while the incorporation of typographic and other rectifications made during the sessions of the Committee,' and the final preparation of the manu- script for the printer, was referred to a subcommittee consisting of the Editor of ‘The Auk,’ to whom was also assigned the general editorial supervision of the work. The following extracts from the Introduction to the Code of Nomen- clature (pp. 14, 15) will serve to explain the scope and plan of the Check-List, including the method of incorporating additions. “1. That the term ‘North American,’ as applied to the proposed List of Birds, be held to include the continent of North America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland; and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging thereto. “2. That species be numbered consecutively, and that subspecies be enumerated by affixing the letters, a, b, c, ete., to the number borne by their respective species; provided, that any subspecies of a species not included in the North American Fauna shall be separately numbered as if a species. “3. That stragglers or accidental visitors, not regarded as components of the North American Fauna, be distinguished by having their respective num- bers in brackets. “4. That any subsequent additions to the list be interpolated in systema- tic order, and bear the number of the species immediately preceding, with the addition of a figure (1, 2, etc., as the case may require), separated from the original number by a period or decimal point, thus giving the interpolated number a decimal form (e. g., 243.1, ete.), in order that the original numbers may be permanent. * * * * * * * * * * * * “6. That Giraud’s at present unconfirmed species of Texan birds be in- cluded in the List on Giraud’s authority. “7, That species and subspecies the zodlogical status of which cannot be satisfactorily determined, like, e. g., Regulus cuviert and Spiza townsendi of Audubon, be referred to a hypothetical list, in each case with a brief statement of the reasons for such allocation. “8. That a list of the fossil species of North American birds be added as an Appendix to the List proper. 1 The Committee desires to here acknowledge valuable assistance received, especially in the preparation of the geographic portions of the list, from Major Charles Bendire, Mr. Frank M. Chapman, Dr. Walter Faxon, Dr. A. K. Fisher, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., and Dr. T. 8. Palmer. The Committee is further indebted to Dr. Palmer for numerous correc- tions in the citations of original references. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. lie “9, That the names of subgeneric and supergeneric groups of North American birds be included in the List in systematic order, to the end that the List may represent a classification as well as a nomenclature of the birds. “10. That references be given to the original description of the species, and to the publication where the name as adopted in the List was first used; that the number borne by each species and subspecies in the Lists of Baird, 1858, of Coues, 1873, of Ridgway, 1880, and of Coues, 1882, be bracketed in chronological order after the synonymatic references. “11. That a summary statement of the habitat of each species and sub- species, with special reference to its North American range, be included in the List. “12. That the name of each bird shall consist of its generic without its subgeneric name, and of its specific with its subspecific name, if it have one, without the intervention of any other term. * * * * * * * * * * * * “14. That every technical name be followed by a vernacular name, selected with due regard to its desirability. “15. That the name of each species and subspecies be followed by the name of the original describer of the same, to be enclosed in parenthesis when it is not also the authority for the name adopted. “16. That all specific and subspecific names shall begin with a lower-case letter. “17. That the sequence in classification followed in previous Lists be reversed, the List to begin with the lowest or most generalized type, and end with the highest or most specialized.” ELLIOT COUES. J. A. ALLEN. WILLIAM BREWSTER. C. HART MERRIAM. ROBERT RIDGWAY. a ad TP, hea = ¢ iy 7 ad" a” a oT) a ye es Ve 7 4 ar : : -, ee ee va = ie : ice oe it H fe : ae dae ne aa am | . 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J ote ‘ar i — 7 Wit hs “ay oe) Ay - we a 7 matty 0 a i : es Ts _ mgt i A : ” . ie , 73 r ; 2 ' 7 of y if _ as * i oe lh i ae in oS — oe 3a , ; ie i 7 “ oe ey Teer oh ee! \ 2 i me yy 4 — 2 ' - : 7 - ye - ~ 4 +! e ¢ n = y “ - : Ta ae a Van = - ; v< eect aww ry 7 a : bly roy Wi va ae a < 3 7 i i ce ae 4 a Py 7 7 - a a 7 on L. a 7 _ a vi - - a a te me my - : ‘ aa - a - 44 ¢ a Oy > et a <4 ,. te a 11 gi — ‘€ of hy ne Dis “s 4 PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. ae the first Congress of the American Ornithologists’ Union, held in New York, September 26-29, 1883, the following resolution was adopted: — “Resolved, That the Chairman appoint a Committee of five, including him- self, to whom shall be referred the question of a Revision of the Classification and Nomenclature of the Birds of North America.” In pursuance of this resolution the following Committee was ap- pointed: Messrs. Coues, Allen, Ridgway, Brewster, and Henshaw. The Committee, having held numerous sessions in Washington and New York, presented its Report at the second Congress of the Union, held in New York, Sept. 30 to Oct. 2, 1884, when the following resolu- tion was adopted: — “ Resolved, That the Report of the Committee on the Revision of the Nomen- clature and Classification of North American Birds be accepted and adopted, and that it be recommitted to the Committee, with instructions to complete and submit it to the Council as soon as practicable; and that the Council be empowered and instructed to accept and adopt the Report as finally rendered, with such modifications as they may deem necessary, and to publish the same, copyrighted, in part or in whole, and in one or more forms, in the name and under the auspices of the American Ornithologists’ Union.” The Committee, having continued its sessions, presented its final report to the Council at a meeting held in Washington on the 21st of April, 1885, when the Report of the Committee was accepted and adopted, and was referred again to the Committee for publication, the Committee to exercise such editorial revision as might seem necessary. Pursuant to the foregoing resolutions of the Union and Council, the Committee now offers to the public, in the name and on behalf of the Union, the result of its labors, consisting of a List of North Ameri- 19 20 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. can Birds, preceded by the Code of Rules adopted by the Committee for its guidance in the preparation of the List. The Committee ventures to hope that the new Code will find favor, not only with ornithologists, but among zodlogists generally. ELLIOTT COUES. J. A. ALLEN. ROBERT RIDGWAY. WILLIAM BREWSTER. H. W. HENSHAW. : - how . ee . bs a : N es So" — oe = ow ea tomy? a veone ee oe Ret ee le StI AI: Ce tO ds oe TEN tin hy ag bon a od eat ene ere Ce ne ae te ane a Sa a aN. [cee _ Fs c 3 rer NNT RT Ak Ee Nh ET st tr ie! NN ee = ita a Utne Wiesapali AO ES te Lae coe ace = Why ee 40 avW HOLaxS wd Saas, Atdiony sin © haat sss aeqowena sa” no ann ounfoese msevd aavD nt we Da) Hover ah gee etsy, ‘ F ye he ~ ie tees eas SEF oo hie A . ' CHECK-LIST. OrDER PYGOPODES. Divine Birps. SUBORDER COLYMBI. GREBEs. Famity COLYMBIDA. GREBEsS. Genus ASCHMOPHORUS Cours. Aichmophorus Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 229. Type, by orig. desig., Podiceps occidentalis LAWRENCE. ichm6phorus occidentalis (LAWRENCE). Western Grebe. [1.] Podiceps occidentalis LAWRENCE, in Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., LX, 1858, 894. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.) RaNnGE.— Western North America. Breeds from British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to northern California, Utah, and northern North Dakota; winters from southern British Columbia south through California to central Mexico (Jalisco) ; casual east to Nebraska, Kansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Quebec. GENUS COLYMBUS Linn vs. Colymbus Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. Type, by subs. desig., Colymbus cristatus Linnazus (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). 21 22 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Suscenus COLYMBUS. © Colymbus hélbelli (REINHARDT). Holbell’s Grebe. [2.] Podiceps holbellit Retinnarvr, Videnskab. Meddelelser, 1853, 76. (Nen- ortalik, Julianehaab district, Greenland.) RancEe.— North America and eastern Asia. Breeds from north- western Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava south to northern Washington, northern Montana, and southwestern Minnesota; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Wisconsin, south- ern Ontario, and Maine south to southern California, southern Colorado, the Ohio Valley, and North Carolina; casual in Georgia and Greenland. SuspGcenus DYTES Kavup. Dytes Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 41. Type, by mono- typy, Colymbus auritus LInNxvs. Colymbus auritus LINN&us. Horned Grebe. [3.] Colymbus auritus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from the lower Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southwestern Ungava, and Magdalen Islands south to southern British Columbia, northern Utah, northern Nebraska, central Minnesota, southern On- tario, and northeastern Maine; winters from southern British Colum- bia, southern Ontario, and Maine south to southern California, the Gulf coast, and Florida; casual in Greenland. | Colymbus nigricéllis (BREHM). RancE.— Temperate Europe, Asia, and North America; in winter south to South Africa and Central America. a. [Colymbus nigricollis nigricollis. Extralimital.] b. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (HmeRMANN). Eared Grebe. [4.] Podiceps californicus HEERMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 179. (California.) ORDER PYGOPODES. ya Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, and Manitoba south to southern California, northern Arizona, northern Nebraska, and northern Iowa; winters from central Cali- fornia to Cape San Lucas and Guatemala; east to Kansas in migration; casual in Missouri, Indiana, and Ontario. Suscenus TACHYBAPTUS ReicHEeNnBACcH. Tachybaptus RricHENBACH, Avium Syst. Nat., 1849, pl. ii. Type, by orig. desig., Colymbus minor RetcHENBACH = C.ruficollis PAuuas. Colymbus dominicus LINN «vs. RaNnGE.— Subtropical and tropical America. a. [Colymbus dominicus dominicus. Extralimital.] b. Colymbus dominicus brachypterus CoapmMan. MexicanGrebe. [5.] Colymbus dominicus brachypterus CHAPMAN, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., XII, 1899, 256. (Lomita Ranch, Lower Rio Grande, Texas.) RaNnGE.— Southern Lower California and southern Texas south to Panama. GENUS PODILYMBUS Lesson. Podilymbus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 595. Type, by monotypy, Podiceps carolinensis LatHAM = Colymbus podiceps LINN&Us. Podilymbus pédiceps (LINNa&us). Pied-billed Grebe. [6.] Colymbus podiceps LINN&wS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Carolina.) RanGe.— North and South America. Breeds from British Colum- bia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Quebec, and New Brunswick south to Chile and Argentina, but often rare or local; winters from Washington, Texas, Mississippi, and Potomac Valley southward. 24 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SuBORDER CEPPHI. Loons anp AUKS. Famity GAVIIDZs. Loons. Genus GAVIA J. R. Forster. Gavia Forster, Enchirid. Hist. Nat., 1788, 38. Based exclusively upon the Loons; type, by subs. desig., Colymbus imber GUNNERUS = C. immer BRUNNICH (Allen, 1907). Gavia immer (BRUNNICH). Loon. [7.] Colymbus immer Brinnicu, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 38. (Probably north- ern Norway.) Ranee.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds in America from Kotzebue Sound, Banks Land, Barrow Strait, and northern Greenland south to northern California, northern Iowa, northern Illinois (at least formerly), northern Indiana, northern Ohio, northern New York, Pennsylvania (casually), New Hampshire, Mass- achusetts (rarely), and Nova Scotia; winters from southern British Columbia, the Great Lakes, and southern New England to southern Lower California, the Gulf coast, and Florida. Gavia 4damsi (Gray). Yellow-billed Loon. [8.] Colymbus adamsit Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 167. (Alaska.) Rancr.— Circumpolar. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, north- ern Mackenzie, and Boothia Peninsula south to mouth of the Yukon and to Great Slave Lake; south in migration to Nushagak, Alaska; accidental in Colorado and Greenland; breeds also in northern Siberia and on islands north of Europe. Gavia arctica (LINN&us). Black-throated Loon. {[9.] Colymbus arcticus Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 135. (Sweden.) Raner.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, west along northern coast of Siberia, on is- lands north of Europe, and from Cumberland Sound south to Ungava; ORDER PYGOPODES. 25 winters in the southern Canadian Provinces; casually south to Colo- rado, Nebraska, Iowa, northern Ohio, and Long Island, N. Y. Gavia pacifica (LAWRENCE). Pacific Loon. [10.] Colymbus pacificus LAWRENCE, in Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 889. (San Diego, Cal., and Puget Sound, Washington.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from Point Barrow, Banks Land, northern Mackenzie, and Melville Peninsula south to base of Alaska Peninsula, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin; winters along Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to Lower California and Guadalupe Island; accidental in New Mexico. Gavia stellata (PoNToPPIDAN). Red-throated Loon. [11.] Colymbus stellatus PontoppipaN, Danske Atlas, I, 1763, 621. (Based on Colymbus maximus stellatus of Willughby.) Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from northern Alaska, Banks Land, Ellesmere Land, and northern Green- land south to Commander Islands, western Aleutian Islands, Glacier Bay, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland; winters from southern British Colum- bia to southern California, and from Maine and the Great Lakes to Florida; casual in interior to Montana, Missouri, Nebraska, and Arizona; breeds also throughout Arctic Europe and Asia, and winters south to the Mediterranean and southern China. Famity ALCIDZ. Avuxs, Murres, AND PUFFINS. SUBFAMILY FRATERCULINAS. Purrins. GENUS LUNDA Pattas. Lunda Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811 ?), 363. Type, by subs. desig., Alca cirrhata PaLuas (Gray, 1840). Linda cirrhéta (PALLAS). Tufted Puffin. [12.] Alca cirrhata Pautas, Spic. Zool., I, Fase. v, 1769, 7, pl. i; pl. v, figs. 1-3. (Kamchatka to Aleutian Islands.) 26 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancGE.—Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific from Cape Lisburne, Alaska, south to Santa Barbara Islands, California, and from Bering Strait to Japan; accidental in Maine and Greenland. GENUS FRATERCULA Buisson. Fratercula Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 81. Type, by monotypy, [Frater- cula] fratercula Brisson = Alca arctica LINN US. Fratércula arctica (LINN US). RANGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. a. Fratercula arctica arctica (LinNm=us). Puffin. [13.] Alca arctica Linnuus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Sweden.) RanGe.— Coasts and islands of North Atlantie. Breeds in North America from Ungava south to Bay of Fundy and Maine; winters south to Massa- chusetts, casually to Long Island and Delaware Bay. b. Fratercula arctica naimanni Norton. Large-billed Puffin. [13a.] Fratercula arctica naumanni Norton, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., II, May, 1901, 144. (Based on Mormon glacialis of Naumann, Isis, 1821, 782, pl. vii, fig. 2.) Rance.— Coasts and islands of Arctic Ocean, from northern and western Greenland to Nova Zembla. Fratercula corniculata (NAUMANN). Horned Puffin. [14.] Mormon corniculata NAuMANN, Isis, IX, 1821, 782, pl. vii, figs. 3, 4. (Kamchatka.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific. Breeds from Cape Lisburne south on both sides of Bering Strait to Aleutian and Near islands and Glacier Bay; winters from the Aleutians south to Kuril and Queen Charlotte islands. ORDER PYGOPODES. bo ~I SupraMiLy 4STHITINAS. AvuKkiets, MuRRELETS, GUILLEMOTS. GENUS CERORHINCA BonaPARTE. Cerorhinca BonaparTE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., II, 1828, 427. Type, by monotypy, Cerorhinca occidentalis BONAPARTE = Alca monocerata PALLas. Cerorhinca monocerata (PALLAS). Rhinoceros Auklet. [15.] Alca monocerata Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 362. (Cape St. Elias to Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RaNGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Sitka, Alaska, south to Washington; winters from Washington south to Lower California and in Japan. GENUS PTYCHORAMPHUS Branpt. Ptychoramphus Branvt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., II, 1837, 347. Type, by monotypy, Uria aleutica PAuuas. Ptychoramphus aletiticus (PALLAS). Cassin’s Auklet. [16.] Uria aleutica Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 370. (North Pacific Ocean.) RanceE.— Pacific coast of North America, from Aleutian Islands to Lower California (lat. 27°). Breeds locally throughout range. GENUS PHALERIS 'TemMMINcK. Phaleris Temmincxk, Manuel d’Orn., ed. 2, I, 1820, exii. Type, by subs. desig., Alca psittacula Pauuas (Gray, 1840). Phaleris psittacula (PALLAS). Paroquet Auklet. [17.] Alca psittacula Pauuas, Spice. Zool., I, Fase. v, 1769, 13, pl. ii; pl. v, figs. 4-6. (Kamchatka.) 298 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Coasts and islands of western Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and North Pacific. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and northern coast of eastern Siberia south to Aleutian Islands; winters from the Aleutians south to Monterey Bay, California, and in Kuril Islands, Japan. Genus ASTHIA DuMont. Atthia “Merr.”’ Dumont, Dict. Sei. Nat. (revised ed.), I, 1816, Suppl., 71. Type, by monotypy, Alca cristatella PALLas. Suscenus ASTHIA. ZEthia cristatélla (PALLAS). Crested Auklet. [18.] Alca cristatella Pauuas, Spic. Zool., I, Fasc. v, 1769, 18, pl. iii; pl. v, figs. 7-9. (Yesso, Japan, to Kamchatka.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of Bering Sea and North Pacific, from Bering Strait south to Kadiak Island and Japan. Suspcenus ALCELLA Srone. Alcella Sronr, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 197. Type, by orig. desig., Alca pygmea GMELIN. AEthia pygméa (GMELIN). Whiskered Auklet. [19.] Alca pygmea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 555. (“Bird Island, be- tween Asia and America.”’) Rance.— Aleutian Islands, and from Kamchatka to Japan. Suspcenus CICERONIA ReiIcHENBACH. Ciceronia REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iii. Type, by orig. desig., Phaleris nodirostra BONAPARTE = Uria pusilla PAuuas. ethia pusilla (PALLAs). Least Auklet. [20.] Uria pusilla Pauutas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (1811?), 373. (Kamchatka.) ORDER PYGOPODES. 29 RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Bering Strait south to Aleutian Islands; winters from Aleutian and Commander islands south to Washington and Japan; casual at Point Barrow, Alaska. GENUS SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS Branpt. Synthliboramphus Branpt, Bull. Sei. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., IT, 1837, 347. Type, by subs. desig., Alca antiqua GMELIN (Gray, 1840). Synthliboramphus antiquus (GMELIN). Ancient Murrelet. [21.] Alca antiqua Gmeuin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 554. (“West of North America to Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands.’’) RanGeE.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Aleutian Islands to Near Islands, and from Kamchatka to Commander Islands; winters from the Aleutians south to San Diego, California, and to Japan; accidental in Wisconsin. GENUS BRACHYRAMPHOUS Branpt. Brachyramphus Branpt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., II, 1837, 346. Type, by subs. desig., Colymbus marmoratus GMELIN (Gray, 1840). Suscenus BRACHYRAMPHUS. Brachyrémphus marmordtus (GMELIN). Marbled Murrelet. [23.] Colymbus marmoratus Gmrutin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 583. (Prince William Sound, Alaska.) RanGe.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Unalaska and Kadiak islands south to Vancouver Island; winters south to San Diego, California. Brachyramphus breviréstris (Vicors). Kittlitz’s Murrelet. ([24.] Uria brevirostris Vicors, Zool. Journ., IV, No. xv, 1829, 357. (‘San Blas, Mexico’? = North Pacific.) 30 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance.— Aleutian Islands east to Glacier Bay, Alaska, and Kam- chatka and northern Japan. Supcenus ENDOMYCHURA OBERHOLSER. Endomychura OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, 201. Type, by orig. desig., Brachyramphus hypoleucus XANTUS. Brachyramphus hypoleicus XanTus. Xantus’s Murrelet. ([25.] Brachyramphus hypoleucus Xantus, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 299. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RaANGE.— Coasts of California and Lower California, from Mon- terey Bay to Cape San Lucas, formerly breeding as far north as Santa Barbara Islands. Brachyramphus cravérii (SALVADORI). Craveri’s Murrelet. ([26.] Uria craverit SALVADORI, Atti Soe. Ital. Sei. Nat., VIII, 1865, 387. (Nati- vidad Island, Gulf of California.) RancGe.— Lower California from Natividad Island (lat. 28°) on the Pacific and from Espiritu Santo Island in the Gulf, south to Cape San Lucas. GrENusS CEPPHUS Patuas. Cepphus Pauuas, Spic. Zool., I, Fase. v, 1769, 33. Type, by monotypy, Cepphus lacteolus Patuas = Alca grylle Linnaus, albino. Cépphus grylle (LinNa&us). Black Guillemot. [27.] Alca grylle LINNaUus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 180. (Southern Sweden.) Rance.— Coasts of eastern North America and northwestern Europe. In America breeds from southern Greenland and Ungava to Maine; winters from Cumberland Sound south to Cape Cod and casually to New Jersey. Cepphus mindti (Manpr). Mandt’s Guillemot. [28.] Uria mandtii “Licut.’’ Manpt, Obs. Hist. Nat. Itin. Groenl., 1822, 30. (Spitzbergen.) ORDER PYGOPODES. 31 RanGE.— Arctic regions of both continents. Breeds on Arctic islands south to northern Hudson Bay and mainland of Siberia; winters in Arctic Ocean and casually south to Norton Sound and Lake Ontario; north in migration to latitude 84°. Cepphus colimba PaLias. Pigeon Guillemot. [29.] Cepphus columba Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (18117), 348. (Kamchatka, and Straits between Siberia and Alaska.) RanGeE.— Coasts and islands of the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, and Cape Lisburne and both coasts of the North Pacific from Bering Strait south to Santa Catalina Island, California, and to northern Japan. SuspraMiLy ALCINAS. Auxs anp MurRREs. GENUS URIA Brisson. Uria Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 70. Type, by tautonymy, [Uria] uria Brisson = Colymbus troille LINN&Us. Uria troille (LINN &Us). Rance.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic and North Pacific. a. Uria troille troiile (Linnazus). Murre. [30.] Colymbus troille Linnwzxus, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 52. (Spitz- bergen.) RanGe.— Coasts and islands of North Atlantic. Breeds in North America from southern Greenland and southern Ungava south to Newfoundland and Magdalen Islands; winters south to Maine. b. Uria troille californica (H. Bryant). California Murre. (30a.) Catarractes californicus H. Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., VIII, 1861, 142. (Farallon Islands, California.) RancGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific. Breeds from Norton Sound and Pribilof Islands south to the Farallones, California; winters from the Aleutian Islands south to Santa Moniea, California. Uria l6mvia (LINN &Us). RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Arctic oceans. By CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Uria lomvia lomvia (Linnm=us). Briinnich’s Murre. [31.] Alca lomvia Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Northern Europe; based on Clusius, ete.) RancGe.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds from southern Ellesmere Land and northern Greenland to nerthern Hudson Bay and Gulf of St. Lawrence; resident in Greenland and Hudson Bay; south casually in winter on Atlantie coast from Maine to South Carolina, and in interior to northern Ohio, central Indiana, and central Iowa. b. Uria lomvia arra (Patuas). Pallas’s Murre. [81a.] Cepphus arra Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (18117), 347. (Kamchatka.) RancGeE.— Coasts and islands of the North Pacific, Bering Sea, and western Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Herald Island, northern Siberia, northwestern Alaska, and Point Barrow south to Kadiak, Aleutian, and Commander islands. - Genus ALCA Linnzus. Alca Linnxxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. Type, by subs. desig., Alca torda LinNnxus (Newton, 1876). Alca térda Linnxus. Razor-billed Auk. [32.] Alca torda Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Southern Sweden.) RancE.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds on American side from southern Greenland to Newfoundland and New Brunswick; winters from New Brunswick and Ontario to Long Island and casually to North Carolina. GENUS PLAUTUS BrtnnicH. Plautus Briwnicu, Zool. Fund., 1771, 78. Type, by monotypy, “ Brille- fuglen’’ = Alca impennis Linn=us. Platitus impénnis (LinNmus). Great Auk. [33.] Alca impennis Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 130. (Norwegian Seas.) RanGe.— Formerly coasts and islands of the North Atlantic, from near the Arctic Circle south to Massachusetts and Ireland, and proba- bly south casually to South Carolina and Florida; now extinct. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 3055 SuspraMity ALLINAS. Dovekies. GeENus ALLE LInK. Alle Link, Beschr. Nat. Samml. Univ. Rostock, I, 1806, 17. Type, by monotypy, Alle nigricans Link = Alca alle LINN&us. Alle Alle (Linnus). Dovekie. [34.] Alca alle Linnxwus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 131. (Probably Scotland.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds from Kane Basin and Baffin Bay east to Franz Josef Land; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island, and casually to Delaware Bay and North Carolina; accidental near Melville Island, and in Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Bermuda. — 4 OrpER LONGIPENNES. LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. FamMILy STERCORARIIDA. SkUAS AND JAEGERS. GENUS MEGALESTRIS Bonaparte. Megalestris BONAPARTE, Catal. Ois. d’Eur. Parzudaki, 1856, 11. Type, by monotypy, Megalestris catarrhactes BONAPARTE = Catharacta skua BRUNNICH. Megaléstris skia (BRUNNICH). Skua. [35.] Catharacta skua BRUNNICH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 33. (Faroe Islands and Iceland.) RaNnGE.— Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Breeds on Lady Franklin Island (Hudson Strait), in Iceland, and on the Faroe and Shetland islands; winters on fishing banks off Newfoundland and Nova Scotia; casually south to Long Island; in Europe south to Gibraltar. 34 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENus STERCORARIUS Brisson. Stercorarius Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 149. Type, by tautonymy, [Ster- corarius] stercorarius Brisson = Larus parasiticus LINN&US. Stercorérius pomarinus (TEMMINCK). Pomarine Jaeger. [36.] Lestris pomarinus TEMMINCK, Manuel d’Orn., 1815, 514. (Arctic regions; coasts of Holland and France.) Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Melville Island and central Greenland south to northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Melville Peninsula, and Baffin Land, and also on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters off Atlantic coast, south to New Jersey; common fall migrant on coast of California; winters south to the Galapagos, Peru, Africa, and Australia; accidental in Nebraska. Stercorarius parasiticus (LINN£Us). Parasitic Jaeger. [37.] Larus parasiticus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Coast of Sweden.) Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Melville Island, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, central Mackenzie (Great Slave Lake), and cen- tral Keewatin, and on Arctic islands of Siberia and of northern Europe south to Scotland; winters from the Aleutian Islands south to California, from New England coast south to Brazil, in Australia, and from coast of Europe south to Cape of Good Hope; casual in interior to the Great Lakes, Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. Stercorarius longicaidus VIEILLOT. Long-tailed Jaeger. [38.] Stercorarius longicaudus Vir1tuoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 157. (Northern regions.) Rance.— Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. Breeds on Arctic islands of Europe and Asia, and coasts of Kotzebue and Norton sounds, northern Mackenzie, and northern Hudson Bay to northern Greenland; winters south to Gibraltar and Japan; not rare in migra- ORDER LONGIPENNES. 35 tion off New England; casual on the Pacific coast south to Cali- fornia; accidental in Manitoba, Iowa, Illinois, and Florida. FamMIty LARIDZA. Gutuis anp TERNS. SuspraMiLty LARINAS. GuLis. GENus PAGOPHILA Kavp. Pagophila Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 69. Type, by monotypy, Larus eburneus Puipps = L. albus GUNNERUS. Pagophila alba (GUNNERUS). Ivory Gull. [39.] Larus albus GUNNERUS, in LEEM’s Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 285 (note). (Northern Norway.) RanGE.— Arctic seas. Breeds in high Arctic latitudes from Melville Island and northern Baffin Land to northern Greenland, and on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters in the Arctic regions and cas- ually south to British Columbia, Lake Ontario, and Long Island; in Europe south to France. GENUS RISSA STEPHENS. Rissa SterHEns, General Zoology, XIII, 1826, 180. Type, by monotypy, Rissa brunnichi SterHENS = Larus tridactylus LiInNxws. Rissa triddctyla (LINN Us). RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the colder parts of the Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to the Mediterranean, the Canaries, Ber- muda, and Lower California. me a. Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (Linnzus). Kittiwake. [40.] Larus tridactylus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Great Britain?) Ranee.— Arctic regions. Breeds from Wellington Channel and northern Greenland south to Gulf of St. Lawrence, and from Arctic islands of Europe and western Siberia to southern France; winters from Gulf of St. Lawrence 36 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. south to New Jersey, and casually to Virginia, Bermuda, and the Great Lakes; accidental in Missouri, Colorado, and Wyoming. b. Rissa tridactyla pollicdris Rripaway. Pacific Kittiwake. [40a.] Rissa tridactyla pollicaris Ripaway, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 202. (St. George Island, Bering Sea.) RanceE.— Coasts of North Pacific, Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Cape Lisburne and Herald Island south to Aleutian and Com- mander islands: winters from Aleutian Islands south to northern Lower California; casual at Point Barrow. Rissa breviréstris (BrucH). Red-legged Kittiwake. [41.] Larus brevirostris Brucu, Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, 103. (Northwestern America.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of Bering Sea; accidental in Yukon. GENUS LARUS LINN Us. Larus Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. Type, by subs. desig., Larus canus Linnmus (Gray, 1855). Larus hyperbéreus GUNNERUS. Glaucous Gull. [42.] Larus hyperboreus GUNNERUS, in LreEM, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 226 (note). (Northern Norway.) Rance.— Arctic regions. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, Mel- ville Island, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, north- ern Mackenzie, central Ungava, and on Arctic islands of Eastern Hemisphere; winters from the Aleutians and Greenland south to Monterey, California, the Great Lakes, and Long Island, and casually to Bermuda, North Carolina, and Texas; in Europe and Asia south to the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas, and Japan. Larus leucépterus Faprer. Iceland Gull. [43.] Larus leucopterus Fasrmr, Prodromus Isl. Orn., 1822, 91. (Iceland.) RancGeE.— Arctic regions. Breeds from Victoria Land (Cambridge Bay) and Boothia Peninsula to central Greenland and east to ORDER LONGIPENNES. 37 Nova Zembla; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island; casual on the Great Lakes; accidental in Nebraska and Maryland; in Europe south to the British Isles, Scandinavia, and Baltic Sea. Larus glaucéscens NAUMANN. Glaucous-winged Gull. [44.] Larus glaucescens NAUMANN, Naturg. Végel Deutschl., X, 1840, 351. (North America.) RanGeE.— Coasts of the North Pacific,; Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to Washington, and in Kamchatka and Commander Islands; winters from Aleutian Islands south to Lower California, Hawaii (casually), and northern Japan. Larus kimlieni BREwsTerR. Kumlien’s Gull. [45.] Larus kumlient Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VIII, 1883, 216. (Cumberland Sound, Arctic America.) RanaE.— North Atlantic coast of North America, breeding in Cumberland Sound; south in winter to New York and Connecticut. Larus nélsoni HensHaw. Nelson’s Gull. [46.] Larus nelsoni HensHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, 250. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RanceE.— Known from Point Barrow, Bering Strait, St. Michael, Alaska, and San Geronimo Island, Lower California. Larus marinus LiInNN#&us. Great Black-backed Gull. [47.] Larus marinus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1386. (Southern Sweden.) RANGE.— Coasts of the North Atlantic. Breeds from North Devon Island and central Greenland south to Nova Scotia and to latitude 50° on European coasts; winters from southern Greenland south to the Great Lakes and Delaware Bay (casually to Florida) and the Canaries; accidental in Bermuda. Larus schistisagus STEJNEGER. Slaty-backed Gull. [48.] Larus schistisagus Stesnecer, Auk, I, July, 1884, 231. (Bering Island.) 38 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGe.— North Pacific, Bering Sea, and adjacent Arctic Ocean, chiefly on Asiatic side. Breeds in Kamchatka and on Commander Islands; occurs casually at Herald Island, Port Clarence, Franklin Bay, and Aleutian Islands; winters to southern Japan. Larus occidentalis AupuBoN. Western Gull. [49.] Larus occidentalis AupuBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 320. (Cape Disap- pointment, Washington.) RanGE.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Washing- ton to southern Lower California; winters from Washington to south- western Mexico; casual in southern British Columbia; accidental in Colorado. [Larus affinis REINHARDT. Siberian Gull. [50.] Larus affinis REINHARDT, Videnskab. Meddelelser, 1853, 78. (Nenortalik, Julianehaab district, Greenland.) RanGE.— Northern Asia and Europe, south in winter to northern Africa; accidental in Greenland.] Larus argentétus PonropripaNn. Herring Gull. [51.] Larus argentatus PontoppipaNn, Danske Atlas, I, 1763, 622. (Denmark.) RancE.— Northern Hemisphere. In America breeds from south central Alaska, Melville Island, southern Ellesmere Land, and Cumberland Sound south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, northern North Dakota, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, northern New York, and Maine, and in Europe south to northern France and east to White Sea; winters from southern British Colum- bia south to Lower California and western Mexico, and from Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes south to the Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan, and coast of Texas, and in Europe to Mediterranean and Caspian seas. [Larus vége PaLMEN. Vega Gull. [52.] Larus argentatus var. vege PALMEN, in NoRDENSKIOLD, Vega-Exped. Vetensk. Iakttag., V, 1887, 370. (Pidlin and vicinity, extreme north- eastern Siberia.) RanGE.— Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds on north- ern coast of Siberia; south in winter to Japan.| ORDER LONGIPENNES. 39 Larus califérnicus LAWRENCE. California Gull. ([53.] Larus californicus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1854, 79. (Near Stockton, California.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds from east central British Columbia and Great Slave Lake south to northeastern Cali- fornia, northern Utah, and northern North Dakota; winters from southern British Columbia and Great Salt Lake to Lower California and western Mexico; accidental in Kansas. Larus delawarénsis Orp. Ring-billed Gull. [54.] Larus delawarensis Orv, in GuTHRin’s Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Delaware River, below Philadelphia.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to southern Oregon, southern Colorado, northern North Dakota, central Wisconsin, central Ontario, northern New York (casually), and north- ern Quebec; winters from British Columbia, the Great Lakes, and Massachusetts south to Bermuda, the Gulf coast, Cuba, and southern Mexico. Larus brachyrhynchus RicHarpson. Short-billed Gull. [55.] Larus brachyrhynchus RicHarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 422. (Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie.) RanGcE.— Western North America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound to Anderson River and south to northern British Columbia and Great Slave Lake; winters from southern British Columbia to southern California; accidental in Quebec. [Larus cénus LINN&us. Mew Gull. [56.] Larus canus Linnzxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Sweden.) RanceE.— Northern Europe and Asia; south in winter to the Med- iterranean, the Nile, and Persian Gulf; accidental in Labrador (?).] 40 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Larus heérmanni Cassin. Heermann’s Gull. [57.] Larus heermanni Cassin, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 187. (San Diego, California.) Rance.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds in Lower Cali- fornia and western Mexico; wanders north to southern British Colum- bia; winters from northern California to southern Guatemala. Larus atricilla Linnzus. Laughing Gull. [58.] Larus atricilla Linnavus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 136. (Bahamas.) RancE.— Tropical and temperate coasts. Breeds from Maine (rarely) and Massachusetts (abundantly but locally) south on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to Texas, the Lesser Antilles and Vene- zuela; winters from Georgia and Gulf coast south to western Mexico, Chile, and Brazil; casual in Colorado, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Iowa. Larus franklini RicHarpson. Franklin’s Gull. [59.] Larus franklinii Richarpson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 424, pl. 71. (Saskatchewan River.) RaneGe.— North and South America. Breeds from southwestern Saskatchewan and southwestern Keewatin to South Dakota, Iowa, and southern Minnesota; winters from Gulf coast of Louisiana and Texas to Peru and Chile; accidental in Utah, Ontario, Ohio, Virginia, and the Lesser Antilles. Larus philadélphia (Orp). Bonaparte’s Gull. [60.] Sterna philadelphia Orv, in GuTHRIE’s Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie south to southern British Columbia and southern Keewatin; winters from Maine to Florida and on the Gulf coast to Texas and Yucatan, and on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia south to Lower California and western Mexico (Jalisco); in migration west to Kotzebue Sound and east to Ungava; casual in Bermuda and the Bahamas. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 4] [Larus minitus Patias. Little Gull. [60.1.] Larus minutus Pauuas, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 702. (Berezof, Tobolsk, Siberia.) RanGE.— Europe and parts of Asia and Africa. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; south in winter to the Mediterranean; accidental in Bermuda and on Long Island, New York.] GENUS RHODOSTETHIA Macaituivray. Rhodostethia MacciLuivRay, Manual Brit. Orn., II, 1842, 252. Type, by orig. desig., Larus rossit RICHARDSON = Larus roseus MACGILLIVRAY. Rhodostéthia résea (MAcGILLIVRAY). Ross’s Gull. [61.] Larus roseus MacGcituivray, Mem. Wernerian Soc., V, 1824, 249. (Ig- loolik, Melville Peninsula.) RanGE.— Arctic regions. Breeds in delta of Kolyma River, northeastern Siberia; migrates to Kamchatka, north coast of Alaska, Melville Peninsula, west coast of Greenland, and Arctic islands of Europe; casual in England, Faroe Islands, and Helgoland. Genus XEMA Leacu#. Xema Leacn, in Ross’s Voy. Baffin’s Bay, 1819, App., lvii. Type, by monotypy, Larus sabinit SABINE. Xéma sabini (J. SaBINE). Sabine’s Gull. [62.] Larus sabint SaBine, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XII, Pt. 2, 1819, 522, pl. 29. (Near Melville Bay, west coast of Greenland.) RanceE.— Arctic regions to South America. Breeds on the coast of Alaska from Kuskokwim River to Norton Sound, and in northern Mackenzie, northern Keewatin, and northern Greenland, and on Arctic islands of Europe and Asia; in migration on both coasts of United States and casual in the interior; winters in Peru. 42 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SuBraMILy STERNINZ. Terns. GENUS GELOCHELIDON Breum. Gelochelidon BreuM, Isis, XXIII, 1830, 994. Type, by monotypy, Lach- seeschwalbe, Brehm, Gelochelidon meridionalis BREHM = Sterna nilotica LINN US. Gelochelidon nilética (LINNUS). Gull-billed Tern. [63.] Sterna nilotica LinNmus, in Hasseiquist, Reise Palast., 1762, 328. (River Nile, near Cairo, Egypt.) Rance.— Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in North America on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia (formerly to New Jersey), and in the Bahamas; wanders casually to Maine and Ohio; winters in southern Mexico, southern Guatemala, and from Brazil south to Patagonia and Chile. Breeds also in Europe, Asia, and Australia, and winters south to northern Africa. GENus STERNA LINN ZUs. Sterna Linnzwus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 187. Type, by subs. desig., Sterna hirundo Linnazvus (Gray, 1840). SuBGENUS THALASSEUS Bolt. Thalasseus Bor, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by subs. desig., Sterna caspia Pauuas (Gray, 1855). Stérna c4spia PaLLas. Caspian Tern. [64.] Sterna caspia Pauuas, Novi Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIV, Pt. i, 1770, 582, pl. xxii, fig. 2. (Caspian Sea.) RancE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in North America at Great Slave Lake, Klamath Lake, Oregon, on islands of northern Lake Michigan, on coast of southern Labrador, and also on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and (formerly) Virginia; win- ters from coast of central California to Lower California and western Mexico (Colima), and on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts; casual in migration north to Alaska, James Bay, and Newfoundland. ORDER LONGIPENNES. 43 Suscenus ACTOCHELIDON Kave. Actochelidon Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 31. Type, by monotypy, Sterna cantiaca GMELIN = S. sandvicensis LATHAM. Sterna maxima BopparrtT. Royal Tern. [65.] Sterna maxima BoppakErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 58. (Cayenne.) Rance.— Tropical coasts north to United States. Breeds in West Indies and on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts north to Virginia and west to Texas; wanders casually to Massachusetts; not rare in summer from San Francisco Bay south to western Mexico; winters from Monterey, California, and Gulf of Mexico south to Peru and Brazil, and on west coast of Africa from Gibraltar to Angola. Sterna élegans GAMBEL. Elegant Tern. [66.] Sterna elegans GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1848 (1849), 129. (Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Pacific coast from San Francisco Bay south to Chile, including Gulf of California; accidental at Corpus Christi, Texas. Sterna sandvicénsis LATHAM. RaNnGE.— Coast and interior seas of Europe, both coasts of Africa, and eastern American coast from North Carolina to Brazil; also India and Pacific coast of Central America. a. [Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis. Extralimital.] b. Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida Caspor. Cabot’s Tern. [67.] Sterna acuflavida Casot, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., II, 1847, 257. (Tancah, Yucatan.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from North Carolina to Florida, Texas, and Mexico; winters from the Bahamas, Florida, and Louisi- ana to Central America (both coasts), the Greater Antilles, Colombia, and Brazil; accidental in Ontario, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and the Lesser Antilles. 44 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Suscenus STERNA. [Sterna trudeati AUDUBON. Trudeau’s Tern. [68.] Sterna trudeaut AupDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 409, fig. 2. (Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) RANGE.— Coasts of southern South America. Breeds in Argen- tina; casual in Chile and Brazil; accidental on Long Island and at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.] Sterna férsteri NUTTALL. Forster’s Tern. [69.] Sterna forsteri NutTrauy, Manual Orn., II, 1834, 274. (Saskatchewan River.) RanceE.— North America. Breeds on interior lakes of California, southern Oregon, and Nevada, and from southwestern Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to northern Colorado, northern Nebraska, northeastern Illinois, and southern Ontario, and on coasts of Texas, Louisiana, and Virginia; winters from southern California, Gulf of Mexico, and South Carolina to southern Guatemala; in migration occurs on the Atlantic coast, casually as far north as Massachusetts; casual in Brazil. Sterna hirindo Linnaus. Common Tern. [70.] Sterna hirundo Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1387. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern Hemisphere, northern South America, and Africa. Breeds from Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to southwestern Saskatchewan, northern North Dakota, southern Wisconsin, northern Ohio, and North Carolina; winters from Florida to Brazil; casual in migration on Pacific coast from British Columbia to Lower California. In Eastern Hemisphere breeds in Europe and Asia and winters in India and southern Africa. Sterna paradiséa Brtnnicu. Arctic Tern. [71.] Sterna paradisea BriinnicH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 46. (Christiansdée Island, Denmark.) RancE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds from northern Alaska, ORDER LONGIPENNES. 45 Melville Island, and northern Greenland, south to Commander and Aleutian islands, northern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, Maine, and (formerly) Massachusetts, and in entire Arctic regions of Europe and Asia; winters in Antarctic Ocean, south to latitude 74°; in migration, Pacific coast south to southern California, and Atlantic coast south to Long Island; accidental in Colorado. Sterna dotigalli Monracu. Roseate Tern. [72.] Sterna dougalli Montacu, Suppl. Orn. Dict., 1813, text and plate. (The Cumbres, in Firth of Clyde, Scotland.) RancE.— Temperate and tropical regions. Breeds locally from Sable Island to Long Island and from the Bahamas to Lesser Antilles and Venezuela; formerly from Maine to Florida; rare migrant in Central America; winters from the Bahamas to Brazil; accidental in Ohio; occurs on the coasts of a large part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Sterna alettica Barrp. Aleutian Tern. [73.] Sterna aleutica Barn, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, 1869, 321, pl. 31, fig. 1. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RanGce.— North Pacific. Breeds from Norton Sound to Kadiak Island, and occurs on Bering Sea coast of Siberia; south in winter to Japan. Suscenus STERNULA Bolz. Sternula Bor, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by monotypy, Sterna minuta Linn2us = S. albifrons Pauas. Sterna antillarum (Lesson). Least Tern. [74.] Sternula antillarum Lesson, Compl. Giuvres Buffon, XX, 1847, 256. (Guadeloupe Island, West Indies.) RaNncE.— Tropical and temperate America. Breeds on coast of southern California and on Gulf coast from Texas eastward; also - northward to Missouri (formerly to Iowa) and northwestern Nebraska; has occurred in Wisconsin and South Dakota; breeds also from the coasts of Massachusetts, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida 46 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. south to the Bahamas, West Indies, British Honduras, and Venezuela; now rare, but formerly abundant in the breeding season from Florida to Maine, wandering to Labrador and Newfoundland; in migration occurs on the coasts of Lower California and western Mexico; winters from the Gulf coast to Venezuela and Peru. Suscenus ONYCHOPRION Wac ter. Onychoprion WAGLER, Isis, X XV, 1832, 277. Type, by monotypy, Sterna serrata WAGLER = S. fuscata LINNXUS. Sterna fuscéta LINN=us. Sooty Tern. [75.] Sterna fuscata LINN XUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 228. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) RanGE.— Tropical and subtropical coasts, except Pacific coast of South America. Breeds in America from Florida, Louisiana, and Texas throughout the Bahamas, West Indies, and tropical islands of the Atlantic; wanders north rarely to Maine; winters from Louisiana to Brazil and the Falkland Islands. [Sterna anethéta Scoroit. Bridled Tern. [76.] Sterna anethetus Scopout, Del. Flore et Faune Insubr., II, 1786, 92. (Panay Island, Philippines.) RancGE.— Tropical regions. Breeds throughout the Bahamas and the West Indies to Venezuela, and also in tropical parts of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in Florida and South Carolina.] GENUS HYDROCHELIDON Bote. Hydrochelidon Bors, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by subs. desig., Sterna nigra LinN&uUS (Gray, 1841). ORDER LONGIPENNES. 47 Hydrochelidon nigra (LINN Us). Rance.— Europe, south in winter to both coasts of Africa; temperate interior of North America, south in winter to South America. [a. Hydrochelidon nigra nigra. Extralimital.] 6. Hydrochelidon nigra surinaménsis (Gmreuin). Black Tern. [77.] Sterna surinamensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 604. (Surinam.) Raneoe.— North and South America. Breeds from southwestern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and western Ontario south to inland lakes of California, Nevada, Colorado, northern Missouri, and north- ern Ohio; winters from Mazatlan, Mexico, to Panama, Peru, and Chile; east coast of United States in autumn; accidental in Alaska, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; casual in the West Indies and Bahamas. [Hydrochelidon leucéptera (TEMMINCK). White-winged Black Tern. [78.] Sterna leucoptera TEMMINCK, Manuel d’Orn., 1815, 483. (Shores of the Mediterranean; Swiss Lakes, etc.) RancGEe.— Temperate and tropical parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from central and southern Europe eastward through temperate Asia to China; in winter southward throughout Africa, and to Aus- tralia and New Zealand; accidental at Lake Koshkonong, Wisconsin, and on Barbados. ] Genus ANOUS SrEpHENs. Anotis STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 139. Type, by subs. desig., Anotis niger STEPHENS = Sterna stolida Linnaxus (Gray, 1840). Anoiis stélidus (Linnus). Noddy. [79.] Sterna stolida Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1387. (West Indies.) RanGE.— Tropical coasts. Breeds on the Florida Keys, on the coast of Louisiana, and in the Bahamas and West Indies; winters south to Brazil and Tristan da Cunha Island. 4§ CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity RYNCHOPIDA.. SKIMMERS. GENus RYNCHOPS Linn xvs. Rynchops Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 138. Type, by monotypy, Rynchops nigra LinN&xvUs. Rynchops nigra Linn&=us. Black Skimmer. [80.] Rynchops nigra Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 138. (Coast of Carolina.) RanGE.— Tropical and temperate America. Breeds from Virginia (formerly New Jersey) to the Gulf coast and Texas; wanders casually north to Bay of Fundy; winters from the Gulf coast to Colima, Mex- ico, and Costa Rica; casual in the West Indies. OrDER TUBINARES: TuBE—NOSED SWIMMERS. FamMity DIOMEDEIDA. ALBATROSSES. GeENus DIOMEDEA LINN US. / Diomedea LinnxUvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. Type, by subs. desig., Diomedea exulans LinN™mus (Gray, 1840). ; Suscenus PHQ:BASTRIA ReicHENBACH. Phebastria REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, v. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea brachyura TEMMINCK = D. albatrus PAuuas. Diomedéa nigripes AUDUBON. Black-footed Albatross. [81.] Diomedea nigripes AUDUBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 327. (Pacifie Ocean, Lat. 30° 44’ N., Long. 146° W.) Rance.— North Pacific. Breeds on islands northwest of Hawaii and on Marshall Islands; occurs off coast from southern Alaska to California and western Mexico, and off coasts of China and Japan. ORDER TUBINARES. 49 Diomedea dlbatrus Patuas. Short-tailed Albatross. ([82.] Diomedea albatrus Pauuas, Spic. Zool., I, Fase. v, 1769, 28. (Vicinity of Kamchatka.) RaNnGE.— Pacific Ocean from Bering Strait, Bering Sea, and Aleu- tian Islands to China and Lower California. Diomedea immutdbilis RotuHscHitp. Laysan Albatross. [82.1.] Diomedea immutabilis RotuscHiLp, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, June, 1893, xlviii. (Laysan Island, North Pacific.) Rance.— Laysan and Midway islands to San Geronimo and Guadalupe islands, Lower California. [Genus THALASSOGERON Ripeway. Thalassogeron Ripaway, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 357. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea culminata Goutp. Thalassogeron culminadtus (GOULD). Yellow-nosed Albatross. ([83.] Diomedea culminata Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843, 107. (‘South- ern, Indian, and South Pacific oceans.’’) RanceE.— Indian and South Pacific oceans; casual off coast of Oregon; accidental in Gulf of St. Lawrence.] [Genus PHQ@BETRIA ReicHENBACH. Phebetria REIcHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, v. Type, by orig. desig., Diomedea fuliginosa GMELIN = D. palpebrata Forster. Pheebétria palpebrata (J. R. Forster). Sooty Albatross. [84.] Diomedea palpebrata Forstrr, Mém. prés. Acad. Roy. Sci. [Paris], X, 1785, 571, pl. xv. (Lat. 47°-71°10’ S.) RanGE.— Southern oceans, north casually to Oregon.] 50 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity PROCELLARIIDZ. FuLmars, SHEARWATERS, AND PETRELS. SupramMity FULMARINZA. Futmars. [Genus MACRONECTES Ricumonp. Macronectes Ricumonp, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 76. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria gigantea GMELIN. Macronéctes gigantéus (GMELIN). Giant Fulmar. [85.] Procellaria gigantea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 563. (Probably Falkland Islands and vicinity.) RaNGE.— Southern oceans, north to about latitude 30° S.; casual off coast of Oregon.] GENUS FULMARUS STEPHENS. Fulmarus SteruHens, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 233. Type, by subs. desig., Procellaria glacialis LINNz=uS (Gray, 1855). Fulmé4rus glacidlis (LINN =Us). RanceE.— North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. a. Fulmarus glacialis glacialis (LINNmus). Fulmar. [86.] Procellaria glacialis Linnmwus, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 51. (Spitz- bergen? — “intra circulum arcticum.”’) Raneer.— North Atlantic. Breeds from northern Greenland to Cumber- land Sound and east at least to Franz Josef Land; ranges north to latitude 85° and west to Melville Island; winters south of the Arctic Cirele to the fishing banks off Newfoundland and to George Bank off Massachusetts, and casually to New Jersey. b. Fulmarus glacialis glupischa Sreynecer. Pacific Fulmar. [86b.] Fulmarus glacialis glupischa SthINEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 234. (North- west coast of America.) ORDER TUBINARES. 51 RancE.— North Pacific. Breeds on Commander Islands; south in migra- tion and in winter from Aleutian Islands to Lower California; casual on Herald Island. Fulmarus rédgersi Cassin. Rodgers’s Fulmar. [86.1.] Fulmarus rodgersii Casstn, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 326. (‘South Indian Ocean” = North Pacific.) RanGE.— Breeds on Wrangel and Herald islands, and islands of Bering Sea north of Aleutian Islands; winters south to San Diego, California. GeEeNus PRIOCELLA Hompron & JACQUINOT. Priocella Hompron & Jacquinot, Comptes Rendus, XVIII, 1844, 357. Type, by monotypy, Priocella garnotti Hompron & JACQUINOT = Pro- cellaria glacialoides SMITH. Priocélla glacialoides (A. SmitH). Slender-billed Fulmar. ([87.] Procellaria glacialoides SmrituH, Illustr. Zool. S. Africa, Pt. xi, Aves, 1840, pl. 51, and text. (South African coasts.) RaNGE.— Southern oceans; north along the Pacific coast to Oregon. [Genus DAPTION STEPHENS. Daption StePHENS, General Zoology, XIII, Pt. i, 1826, 239. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria capensis LINNEUS. D4ption capénse (LINNxus). Pintado Petrel. [102.] Procellaria capensis LiINN=UuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1382. (Cape of Good Hope.) RanGE.— Oceans of Southern Hemisphere, north to central Brazil, Ceylon, and latitude 5° S. on the coast of Peru; accidental off Cali- fornia, Maine, and England.] 52 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SusBraMILy PUFFININAS. SHEARWATERS AND PETRELS. GENUS PUFFINUS Brisson. Puffinus Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 130. Type, by tautonymy, [Puffinus] pufinus Brisson = Procellaria puffinus BRUNNICH. Piffinus borealis Cory. Cory’s Shearwater. [88.] Puffinus borealis Cory, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, Jan., 1881, 84. (Near Chatham Island, Cape Cod, Mass.) RancE.— Known only from off coasts of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Long Island (August to November). Puffinus gravis (O’RrILiy). Greater Shearwater. [89.] Procellaria gravis O’Reinuty, Greenland, Adjacent Seas, etc., 1818, 140, pl. 12, fig. 1. (Cape Farewell and Staten Hook to Newfoundland.) RancE.— Atlantic Ocean, from Arctic Circle south to Cape Horn and Cape of Good Hope; occurs off the eastern coast of North Amer- ica from June to November. [Puffinus piffinus (BriinNicH). Manx Shearwater. [90.] Procellaria puffinus BrinnicH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 29. (Faroe Islands and Norway.) RancE.— North Atlantic, chiefly on eastern side, south to coast of Brazil; accidental in Greenland.] Puffinus credtopus Cours. Pink-footed Shearwater. [91.] Puffinus creatopus Cours, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 131. (San Nicolas Island, California.) RanGcE.— Eastern Pacific Ocean, from Farallon Islands, California, south to Juan Fernandez Islands, Chile. Puffinus lherminiéri Lesson. Audubon’s Shearwater. [92.] Puffinus lherminicri Lesson, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 102. (“Ad ripas Antillarum.’’) ORDER TUBINARES. 53 Rance.— Warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Breeds in Bermuda, the Bahamas, and Lesser Antilles; north casually from Florida to Long Island, and also in the Greater Antilles. [Puffinus assimilis GouLp. Allied Shearwater. [92.1.] Puffinus assimilis Gouup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (1838), 156. (New South Wales.) Rance.— Australian and New Zealand seas, and northward in Atlantic Ocean to Madeira Islands; accidental on Sable Island, Nova Scotia.] Puffinus opisthémelas Cours. Black-vented Shearwater. [93.] Puffinus opisthomelas Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 139. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGE.— Pacific Ocean. Breeds on islands off the coast of Lower California and western Mexico; in migration abundant on the coast of California; casual north to Vancouver Island. Puffinus auricularis C. H. TowNnsrenp. Townsend’s Shearwater. [93.1.] Puffinus auricularis TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 133. (Clarion Island, Lower California.) RanGe.— Clarion Island, north to Cape San Lucas, Lower Cali- fornia. Puffinus griseus (GMELIN). Sooty Shearwater. [95.] Procellaria grisea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 564. (Southern Hemi- sphere, from 35°-50° S. lat.) RanGE.— Oceans of Southern Hemisphere; occurs in summer on the Pacific coast from southern Alaska to Lower California, and on the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to South Carolina; accidental in Alabama; probably breeds in the South Pacific. Puffinus tenuiréstris (T'emminck). Slender-billed Shearwater. [96.] Procellaria tenuirostris TEMMINCK, Planches Col., V, 1835, text to pl. 587. (Seas north of Japan, and coast of Korea.) 54 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancGE.— Breeds in Southern Hemisphere; migrates north along both coasts of the North Pacific to Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. Puffinus cunedtus SALVIN. Wedge-tailed Shearwater. [96.1.] Puffinus cuneatus Satvin, Ibis, 1888, 353. (Krusenstern Island, Marshall Islands.) RancE.— North Pacific Ocean. Breeds on Hawaiian Islands and islands off coast of western Mexico; occurs in migration north to Bonin Islands, and Lower California. Puffinus billeri SaLvin. New Zealand Shearwater. [96.2.] Puffinus bulleri Sauvin, Ibis, 1888, 354. (Warkanae coast, New Zealand.) RanGE.— New Zealand; north casually to California. [GENUS PRIOFINUS HomBron & Jacquinogt. Priofinus HomBpron & Jacquinot, Comptes Rendus, XVIII, 1844, 355. Type, by subs. desig., Procellaria cinerea GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Pridfinus cinéreus (GMELIN). Black-tailed Shearwater. [97.] Procellaria cinerea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 563. (Antarctic regions.) RaANGE.— Southern oceans; accidental once off coast of California.] GENUS ASSTRELATA Bonaparte. Zistrelata BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, 188. Type, by subs. desig., Procellaria hasitata Kun (Coues, 1866). [ Zstrélata hasitata (KUHL). Black-capped Petrel. [98.] Procellaria hasitata Kunu. Beitrige Zool., 1820, 142. (‘“Mers de |’ Inde.’’) RancE.— Warmer parts of Atlantic Ocean. Bred formerly in the Lesser Antilles, straying to Haiti, Florida, Virginia, New York ORDER TUBINARES. 55 (Ulster County, Oneida Lake, and Long Island), New Hampshire, Kentucky, Ohio, and Ontario, and also to England and France; probably now extinct.] Astrelata scalaris Brewster. Scaled Petrel. [99.] 4istrelata scalaris Brewster, Auk, III, July, 1886, 300. (Mount Morris, Livingston Co., N. Y.) RancE.— Known from a single specimen, taken in Livingston County, New York. Aéstrelata fisheri RipGway. Fisher’s Petrel. ([100.] (strelata fishert Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 656. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) RanGcE.— Known only from two specimens, taken at Kadiak Island and Sitka, Alaska. [GENUS BULWERIA BonapaRTE. Bulweria BoNAPARTE, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. [Bologna], VIII, 1842 (1843), 426. Type, by monotypy, Procellaria bulwerit JARDINE & SELBY. Bulwéria bilweri (JARDINE & SELBY). Bulwer’s Petrel. [101.] Procellaria bulwerit JARDINE & SELBY, Illustr. Orn., II, Nov., 1828, pl. 65. (Madeira, or the small islands adjacent.) RancEe.— Temperate North Pacific (Bonin Islands, Hawaii, and others) and temperate North Atlantic (east side); accidental in Greenland. ] SuBFAMILY PROCELLARIINAS. Storm PETRELS. GENUS HALOCYPTENA Cougs. Halocyptena Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 78. Type, by orig. desig., Halocyptena microsoma Cougs. Halocypténa micros6ma Cours. Least Petrel. [103.] Halocyptena microsoma Cougs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 79. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) 56 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancGE.— Eastern Pacific Ocean. Breeds on islands off Lower California; south in migration to western Mexico, Panama, and Ecuador. GENUS THALASSIDROMA Vicors. Thalassidroma Vicors, Zool. Journ., II, 1825, 405 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria pelagica LINN&US. Thalassidroma pelagica (LINN&uS). Storm Petrel. [104.] Procellaria pelagica Linn=us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 131. (Coast of Sweden.) RancE.— The more easterly portions of the Atlantic Ocean south to the Mediterranean and west coast of Africa. Said to occur at times on the Newfoundland Banks and off the coast of Nova Scotia. Breeds on islands off Great Britain. GENus OCEANODROMA ReEIcHENBACH. Oceanodroma REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iv. Type, by orig- desig., Procellaria furcata GMELIN. Suscenus OCEANODROMA. Oceanédroma furcéta (GMELIN). Forked-tailed Petrel. [105.] Procellaria furcata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 561. (‘‘Among the ice between Asia and America.’’) Rance.— North Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Commander and Aleutian islands south to islands off Oregon; in migration occurs on both shores of Bering Sea north to Kotzebue Sound; wanders south to San Pedro, California; accidental on Tanana River, Alaska. Suspcenus CYMOCHOREA Covgs. Cymochorea Couxs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 75. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria leucorhoa VIEILLOT. Oceanodroma kaédingi ANTHONY. Kaeding’s Petrel. [105.2.] Oceanodroma kaedingi ANTHONY, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 37. (Near Guada- lupe Island, Lower California.) ORDER TUBINARES. 57 RanGE.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds on islands off Washington, Oregon, and California from Cape Flattery south to the Farallones; south in migration to Guadalupe, Socorro, and Clarion islands. Oceanodroma leucérhoa (VIEILLOT). Leach’s Petrel. [106.] Procellaria leucorhoa Vimititot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, 422. (Picardy, France.) RanGeE.— North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. Breeds from the Aleutian and Copper islands, Bering Sea, south to Sitka, and from southern Greenland south to Maine and the Hebrides; casual in migration south to Virginia. Oceanodroma macrodactyla W. Bryant. Guadalupe Petrel. [106.1.] Oceanodroma leucorhoa macrodactyla Bryant, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci., II, No. 8, July 23, 1887, 450. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RancE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. [Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt). Hawaiian Petrel. [106.2.] Thalassidroma castro Harcourt, Sketch of Madeira, 1851, 123. (De- zerta Islands, near Madeira.) RaNnGE.— Southern oceans; north in the Atlantic to Madeira, in the Pacific to the Galapagos and Hawaiian islands; accidental in Indiana and the District of Columbia.] Oceanodroma melania (BONAPARTE). Black Petrel. [107.] Procellaria melania BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XX XVIII, 1854, 662. (Coast of California [probably near San Diego].) RancEe.— Temperate Pacific. Breeds from Los Coronados Islands to the Tres Marias Islands; wanders north to Santa Barbara Islands, and south to Guerrero, Mexico. Oceanodroma homéchroa (Cours). Ashy Petrel. [108.] Cymochorea homochroa Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 77. (Farallon Islands, California.) 58 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RANGE.— Coast of California. Breeds on the Farallon and San Miguel islands. Oceanodroma socorroénsis C. H. TownsEND. Socorro Petrel. [108.1.] Oceanodroma socorroensis TOWNSEND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 134. (Socorro Island, Lower California.) RancE.— San Diego, California, south to islands off west coast of Mexico; breeds on Los Coronados Islands and San Benito Island. SuspFraMILy OCEANITINAS. Lonc-LEGGED StTorM PETRELS. GENUS OCEANITES Keyseruinc & Buastus. ’ Oceanites KEYSERLING & Buasius, Wirbelth. Eur., I, 1840, xciii, 131, 238. Type, by subs. desig., Procellaria wilsonit BONAPARTE = P. oceanica Kua (Gray, 1841). Oceanites ocednicus (KUHL). Wilson’s Petrel. [109.] Procellaria oceanica Kunu, Beitrige Zool., 1820, 136, pl. 10, fig. 1. (Southern oceans; locality not given.) RanGE.— South Polar regions north to Labrador and British Isles. Breeds on Antarctic islands in February; occurs off American coast from May to September; accidental on Muskoka Lake, Ontario. [GENUS FREGETTA Bonaparte. Fregetta BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XLI, 1855, 1118. Type, by orig. desig., Thalassidroma leucogaster GouLD = Procellaria grallaria ViEIL- LOT. Fregétta grallaria (VIEILLOT). White-bellied Petrel. [110.] Procellaria grallaria Vim1tLot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, 418. (Australia.) RanGE.— Southern oceans north to Bay of Bengal, and Atlantic Ocean to Tropic of Cancer; accidental at St. Marks, Florida.] ORDER STEGANOPODES. 59 [GENUS PELAGODROMA REICHENBACH. Pelagodroma REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, iv. Type, by orig. desig., Procellaria marina LATHAM. Pelagédroma marina (LATHAM). White-faced Petrel. [111.] Procellaria marina LaTHAM, Index Orn., II, 1790, 826. (37° S. lat.) RaNnGE.— Southern oceans, north to the Canaries; accidental off Massachusetts and Great Britain.] OrDER STEGANOPODES. TorTrreraLMATE SWIMMERS. Famity PHAETHONTIDZ. Tropic-Birps. Genus PHAETHON Linnvs. Phaéthon Linnavus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 134. Type, by subs. desig., Phaéthon ethereus LiInN&mus (Gray, 1840). Phaéthon americanus GRANT. Yellow-billed Tropic-bird. [112.] Phaéton americanus Grant, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, VII, Dec., 1897, xxiv. (Bermuda and the West Indies.) RanGceE.— Florida and Bermuda south to West Indies and Atlantic coast of Central America; accidental in western New York, Nova Seotia, and Arizona. Phaéthon zthéreus Linnazus. Red-billed Tropic-bird. [113.] Phaéthon ethereus Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1384. (Ascencion Island, South Atlantic.) RanGE.— Coasts of tropical America. Breeds in Lesser Antilles, and from San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California, south to coast of Peru; ranges north to Cape Colnett, Lower California; casual in Greater Antilles; accidental on Newfoundland Banks. 60 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [Phaéthon rubricatdus Bopparrt. Red-tailed Tropic-bird. [113.1.] Phaéton rubricauda BoppaErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 57. (Mauritius.) RanGE.— Tropical Indian and Pacific oceans, north to Laysan Island where it breeds; accidental near Guadalupe Island, Lower California. ] FamMity SULIDAS. GaANNETS. GENUS SULA Brisson. Sula Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 494. Type, by tautonymy, [Sula] sula Brisson = Pelecanus piscator LINN&US. [Sila cyanops (SUNDEVALL). Blue-faced Booby. [114.] Dysporus cyanops SUNDEVALL, Phys. Sallsk. Tidskr. [Lund], I, 1838, 218, pl. v. (Atlantic Ocean, near the Equator.) Rance.— Atlantic, South Pacific, and Indian oceans. Breeds in the Bahamas and West Indies and occurs casually in southern Florida. ] Sula neboixi Mitne-Epwarps. Blue-footed Booby. [114.1.] Sula nebouzii Minnr-Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), sér. 6, XIII, 1882, Art. 4, 37, pl. xiv. (Pacific coast of America [probably Chile].) Rance.— Islands in Gulf of California and south to the Galapagos Islands and coast of Chile. Sula leucogdstra (BopDAERT). Booby. [115.] Pelecanus leucogaster BopDAERT, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 57. (Cayenne.) Rance.— Atlantic coasts of tropical America, and Pacific and Indian oceans; casual on south Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States from South Carolina to Louisiana; accidental on Long Island and in Massachusetts. Sula bréwsteri Goss. Brewster’s Booby. [115.1.] Sula brewsteri Goss, Auk, V, July, 1888, 242. (San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.) ORDER STEGANOPODES. 61 RanGcE.— Coasts and islands of eastern Pacific, from Lower Cali- fornia south to the Galapagos; breeding as far north as Georges Island at head of Gulf of California. [Sula piscétor (LInN&=us). Red-footed Booby. [116.] Pelecanus piscator Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 134. (China Sea.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of tropical and subtropical seas, from Florida and western Mexico southward.] Sula bassana (LINN&us). Gannet. [117.] Pelecanus bassanus LInNNmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Coleshill, England, and Bass Island, Scotland.) RanGE.— Coasts of North Atlantic. Breeds on Bird Rock and Bonaventure Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and on islets off British Islands; winters from North Carolina coast south to Gulf of Mexico, and on coasts of North Africa, Madeira, and the Canaries; occurs off eastern United States in migration; casual north to Green- land; accidental in Indiana and Ontario. Famity ANHINGIDA. DarrTers. GeEeNus ANHINGA Brisson. Anhinga Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 476. Type, by monotypy, [Anhinga] anhinga Brisson = Plotus anhinga LiInNmUs. Anhinga anhinga (LINN&us). Water-Turkey. [118.] Plotus anhinga Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 218. (Brazil.) RaNnce.— Tropical America north to western Mexico (Tepic), Texas, Florida, southern Illinois, and North Carolina, and casually to Kansas; accidental in New Mexico and Arizona. 62 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity PHALACROCORACIDA.. CorRMORANTS. GENUS PHALACROCORAX Brisson. Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 511. Type, by tautonymy, [Phalacrocorax] phalacrocorax Brisson = Pelecanus carbo LiNN2ZUS. SuscENus PHALACROCORAX. Phalacrécorax carbo (LINNus). Cormorant. [119.] Pelecanus carbo Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Sweden.) RancGE.— Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from central Greenland south to Nova Scotia, and east through Europe and Asia to Kam- chatka; winters from southern Greenland south to Long Island, casually to Lake Ontario and South Carolina, and from the Medi- terranean south to southern Africa, Australia, and Malay Peninsula. Phalacrocorax auritus (LEssoN). Rance.— North America. a. Phalacrocorax auritus auritus (Lesson). Double-crested Cormorant. [120]. Carbo auritus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 605. (‘‘ Nouvelle-Zélande”? = North America.) Ranee.— Eastern North America. Breeds from central Saskatchewan (casually Great Slave Lake), southern Keewatin, northeastern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Utah, South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and Penobscot Bay, Maine; winters from North Carolina (casually Massa- chusetts) south to Gulf coast; casual in Bermuda. b. Phalacrocorax auritus florid4nus(AupuBoN). FloridaCormorant. [120a.] Carbo floridanus AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1835, pl. 252. (Flor- ida Keys.) RancGE.— Subtropical and temperate North America. Breeds from south- ern Illinois, Louisiana, North Carolina, Bahamas, and Cuba south to British Honduras and Yucatan; winters north to Texas and South Carolina; wanders to the Dismal Swamp, Virginia; accidental in the Lesser Antilles. ORDER STEGANOPODES. 63 c. Phalacrocorax auritus cincinadtus (BranpT). White-crested Cormorant. [120b.] Carbo cincinatus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., III, 1837, 55. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Northwest coast of North America, breeding from southern Alaska south to Washington; south in winter to California. d. Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus Ripcway. FarallonCormorant. [120c.] Phalacrocorazx dilophus albociliatus Riveway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 94. (Farallon Islands, California.) RancGe.— Coast and inland lakes of Oregon, western Nevada, and Cali- fornia south to southern Lower California and Socorro Islands; casual east to Utah. Phalacrocorax vigua (VIEILLOT). RanGeE.— South America, north to the lower Mississippi Valley. a. [Phalacrocorax vigua vigua. Extralimital.] b. Phalacrocorax vigua mexic4nus (BRANDT). Mexican Cormorant. [121.] Carbo mexicanus Branpt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., III, 1837, 56. (Mexico.) Rance.— New Mexico, Kansas, and southern Illinois south to Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, Mexico, and Nicaragua. Suspcenus COMPSOHALIEUS Ripeway. Compsohalieus Ripaway, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 145. Type, by orig. desig., Carbo penicillatus BRANDT. Phalacrocorax penicillaitus (BRANDT). Brandt’s Cormorant. [122.] Carbo penicillatus BRaNpT, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb., III, 1837, 55. (Type locality unknown.) RanGE.— Pacific coast, from Vancouver Island to Cape San Lucas. SuspGcenvus URILE Bonaparte. Urile Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, IT, 1855, 175. Type, by tautonymy, Pelecanus urile GMELIN. 64 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Phalacrocorax pelagicus PALwas. RaAnGE.— Coasts of the North Pacific. a. Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus Patuas. Pelagic Cormorant. [123.] Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatiea, II, 1826 (18117), 303. (Kamchatkan seas, and Aleutian Islands.) Rance.— Aleutian and Kuril islands and Kamchatka south to southern China. b. Phalacrocorax pelagicus robistus Ripaway. Violet-green Cormorant. [123a.] Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus Rip@way, in Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 160. (Coast of Alaska.) Rance.— Norton Sound, Alaska, south to Washington; accidental at Point Barrow, Alaska. c. Phalacrocorax pelagicus respléndens Aupuson. Baird’s Cormorant. [123b.] Phalacrocorax resplendens AuDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 412, fig. 1. (Cape Disappointment, Washington.) Rance.— Pacific coast of North America, from northern Washington south to Cape San Lucas and Mazatlan, Mexico. Phalacrocorax trile (GMELIN). Red-faced Cormorant. [124.] Pelecanus urile GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 575. (Kamchatka.) RanGr.— Aleutian and other islands of Bering Sea to Bering Strait, Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka. Famity PELECANIDA. PELIcANs. GENUS PELECANUS Linn us. Pelecanus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. Type, by subs. desig., Pelecanus onocrotalus LinNnmus (Gray, 1840). Suscenus CYRTOPELICANUS RercHEenBAcH. Cyrtopelicanus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, vii. Type, by orig. desig., Pelecanus trachyrhynchus LatHamM = P. erythrorhynchos GMELIN. ORDER STEGANOPODES. 65 Pelecdnus erythrorhynchos GMELIN. White Pelican. [125.] Pelecanus erythrorhynchos GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 571. (Hudson Bay, and New York.) RanGcE.— Temperate North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, and southwestern Keewatin to Manitoba (formerly southern Minnesota and South Dakota), Utah and southern California; winters from southern California, the Gulf States, Florida, and Cuba south to western Mexico and Costa Rica; casual east in migration to the Atlantic coast, north to New Bruns- wick. Suspcenus LEPTOPELICANUS ReicHenBacu. Leptopelicanus REIcHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, vii. Type, by orig. desig., Pelecanus fuscus GMELIN = P. occidentalis LINN&US. Pelecanus occidentalis LInNus. Brown Pelican. [126.] Pelecanus onocrotalus £ occidentalis LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 215. (West Indies.) RanGE.— Gulf coast of United States and Atlantic coast of Central and South America. Breeds from Florida and Louisiana south to Brazil; casual in North Carolina; accidental in Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia. Pelecanus califérnicus Ripcway. California Brown Pelican. [127.] Pelecanus (fuscus?) californicus Ripaway, in Water Birds N. A., IT, 1884, 143. (La Paz, Lower California.) RanGE.— Pacific coast, from southern British Columbia to the Galapagos and Ecuador, east to Nevada. Famity FREGATIDA. MaAn-0’-WAR-BIRDS. GENUS FREGATA Lac&prDe. Fregata LactrrpE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 15. No species mentioned but obviously based on Pelecanus aquilus LINN&Uus. 66 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Fregata Aquila (LINNuUS). Man-o’-war-bird. [128.] Pelecanus aquilus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 133. (Ascencion Island, South Atlantic.) Rance.— Tropical and subtropical coasts; in America north to southern California, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, and casually to California (Humboldt Bay), Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Nova Scotia. OrDER ANSERES. LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS. Famity ANATIDA. Ducks, GrEsr, AND SWANS. \ _ SupramMiILty MERGINZAS. MeErRGANSERS. GENUS MERGUS LINNUs. Mergus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. Type. by subs. desig., Mergus merganser LinN=xus (Gray, 1840). Mérgus americénus Cassin. Merganser. [129.] Mergus americanus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 187. (North America.) RancE.— North America. Breeds from southern Alaska, southern Yukon, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, southern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, central Michigan, Ohio (formerly), northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, and in mountain, south to northern California, central Arizona, northern New Mexico, and Pennsylvania (formerly); winters from Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Idaho, northern Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, northern New England, and New Brunswick south to north- ern Lower California, northern Mexico (Chihuahua), Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Bermuda. ORDER ANSERES. 67 Mergus serrator LINN®us. Red-breasted Merganser. [130.] Mergus serrator Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (Sweden.) RancE.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds in North America from Arctic coast of Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Cumberland Sound, and Greenland (lat. 73°) south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Minnesota, central Wisconsin, northern New York, southern Maine, and Sable Island; winters in southern Greenland, the Commander Islands, and from southern British Columbia, Utah, Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and Maine south to southern Lower California, Louisiana, and Florida; casual in Bermuda, Cuba, and Hawaii. GENUS LOPHODYTES REICHENBACH. Lophodytes REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, ix. Type, by orig. desig., Mergus cucullatus LINN&®US. Lophédytes cucullétus (LINN=us). Hooded Merganser. [131.] Mergus cucullatus Linnm=us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (Virginia or Carolina.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, central Ungava, and Newfound- land south to southern Oregon, northern New Mexico, southern Louisiana, and central Florida; winters from southern British Colum- bia, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts south to Lower California, Mexico, the Gulf States, and Cuba; rare in northeastern part of range; recorded from St. Michael, Alaska, and from Europe and Bermuda. [GENUS MERGELLUS SE xpy. Mergellus SEtBy, Catal. Gen. and Subgen. Types Birds, 1840, 47. Type, by monotypy, Mergus albellus LINN aus. Mergéllus albéilus (LiInN=us). Smew. [131.1.] Mergus albellus Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 129. (“....ex Gino insula Smirnam,” Turkey.) 68 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RaneGEe.— Northern part of Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; occurs in migration east to Commander Islands; winters south to Japan, China, northern India, and coasts of the Mediterranean; accidental in northern North America.] SuspraMity ANATINAS. River Ducks. Genus ANAS LINN 2uvs. Anas Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 122. Type, by subs. desig., Anas boschas LiInN&=uS = A. platyrhynchos LInN&uS (Lesson, 1828). Anas platyrhynchos Linnaus. Mallard. [132.] Anas platyrhynchos Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 125. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from Pribilof Islands, northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and Greenland south to Lower California, southern New Mexico, southern Kansas, central Missouri, southern Indiana, and Maryland (rarely); winters from the Aleutian Islands, central Alaska, central Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, northern Indiana, Ohio, Maryland, and Nova Scotia (rarely) south to Mexico, the Lesser Antilles, and Panama; casual] in Bermuda and Hawaii. Anas rabripes Brewster. Black Duck. [133.] Anas obscura rubripes BrEwsTER, Auk, XIX, April, 1902, 184. (New Hampshire shore of Lake Umbagog.) RanGce.— Eastern North America. Breeds from central Keewatin and northern Ungava south to northern Wisconsin, northern Indiana, and southern Maryland; winters from Nova Scotia south to southern Louisiana and Colorado; west in migration to Nebraska and central Kansas; casual in Bermuda; accidental in Jamaica. Anas fulvigula Ripaway. RanGeE.— Florida and the Gulf coast to Texas. ORDER ANSERES. 69 a. Anas fulvigula fulvigula Ringway. Florida Duck. [134.] Anas obscura var. fulvigula Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1874, 111. (St. John’s River, Florida.) RanGe.— Northwestern to southern Florida. b. Anas fulvigula macul6ésa Sennett. Mottled Duck. [134a.] Anas maculosa SENNETT, Auk, VI, July, 1889, 263. (Nueces Bay, near Corpus Christi, Texas.) RanaE.— South central United States. Resident in southern Texas and southern Louisiana; accidental in Kansas. GENUS CHAULELASMUS BonapParTE. Chaulelasmus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 56. Type, by monotypy, Anas strepera LINNXUS. Chaulelasmus stréperus (LINNxus). Gadwall. [135.] Anas strepera LinNmUus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 125. (Sweden.) RaNnGE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. In North America breeds from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and central Keewatin south to southern California, southern Colorado, northern Nebraska, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, Arkansas, southern Illinois, and North Carolina south to southern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), and Florida; accidental in Bermuda, Cuba, and Jamaica; rare in migration on the Atlantic coast of the Middle and New England States north to Newfoundland. GENUS MARECA STEPHENS. Mareca STEPHENS, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 130. Type, by subs. desig., Mareca fistularis STEPHENS = Anas penelope LINNHUS (Eyton, 1838). Maréca penélope (LINN&us). European Widgeon. [136.] Anas penelope LinN=us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Northern part of the Eastern Hemisphere. Occurs occasionally in winter and in migration from Wisconsin, Michigan, 70 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. New York, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Greenland south to Nebraska, Missouri, Indiana, Ohio, North Carolina, and Florida, and in Alaska, British Columbia, and California. Mareca americana (GMELIN). Baldpate. [137.] Anas americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 526. (Louisiana and New York.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, southern Wisconsin, and northern Indiana; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware (casually Massachusetts and Rhode Island) south to southern Lower California, the West Indies, and Costa Rica; rare in migration to northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and New- foundland; accidental in Hawaii, Bermuda, and Europe. GENUS NETTION Kavp. Nettion Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 95. Type by monotypy, Anas crecca LINN&US. [Néttion crécca (LINN®US). European Teal. [138.] Anas crecca Linn&xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere. Occasional in North America; recorded from the Aleutian Islands, California, Greenland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Maine, New York, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, and Virginia.] Nettion carolinénse (GMELIN). Green-winged Teal. [139.] Anas carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 533. (Hudson Bay to Carolina.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from the Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, north- ern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central California, northern New Mexico, northern Nebraska, northern Illinois, southern Ontario, ORDER ANSERES. Al Quebec, and New Brunswick; winters from Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Nevada, southern Nebraska, northern Indiana, western New York, and Rhode Island (casually Nova Scotia) south to south- ern Lower California, the West Indies, and Honduras; accidental in Hawaii, Bermuda, Greenland, and Great Britain. GENUS QUERQUEDULA OKEN. Querquedula OKEN, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas circia Linn&=us = Anas querquedula LiInNmUs. Querquédula discors (LINN Us). Blue-winged Teal. [140.] Anas discors LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 205. (Virginia or Carolina.) RanGE.— Western Hemisphere. Breeds from central British Co- lumbia, Great Slave Lake, central Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, northern Nevada, northern New Mexico, central Missouri, southern Indiana, northern Ohio, western New York (occa- sionally Rhode Island), and Maine; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware south to the West Indies and South America as far as Brazil and Chile; accidental in Bermuda and Europe. Querquedula cyanéptera (ViEILLOT). Cinnamon Teal. [141.] Anas cyanoptera Vir1tLtotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., V, 1816, 104. (Rio de la Plata and Buenos Aires.) RancE.— North and South America. Breeds in North America from southern British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, southeastern Wyoming, and western Kansas south to northern Lower California, northern Chihuahua, southern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas; winters from southern California, central New Mexico, and southern Texas south to southern Lower California and central Mexico; cas- ual in Manitoba, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Nebraska, Missouri, Iowa, New York, Louisiana, and Florida. Occurs in South America from Peru and Brazil south to the Falkland Islands. d2 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [Genus CASARCA Bonaparte. Casarca BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 56. Type, by monotypy, Anas rutila PALLAS = Anas ferruginea PALLAS. Casarca ferruginea (PALLAS). Ruddy Sheldrake. [141.1.] Anas (ferruginea) Pauuas, in Vroeg’s Catal., 1764, Adumbr., 5. (Tar- tary.) RaNGE.— Southern Europe and northern Africa east to China and Japan, straggling to Scandinavia, Iceland, and Greenland.] GENus SPATULA Bote. Spatula Bors, Isis, X, 1822, 564. Type, by monotypy, Anas clypeata LINN2&US. Spatula clypedta (LinN=us). Shoveller. [142.] Anas clypeata Linnmvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 124. (Southern Sweden.) RancEe.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and southern Kee- watin south to southern California, central New Mexico, northern Texas, northern Missouri, and northern Indiana; winters from south- ern British Columbia, Arizona, New Mexico, southern Missouri, southern Illinois, Maryland, and Delaware south to the West Indies, Colombia, and Hawaii; in migration occasional in Bermuda, and north to Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. GENUS DAFILA STEPHENS. Dafila SterpHens, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 126. Type, by monotypy, Dafila caudacuta SrEPHENS = Anas acuta LINN2EUS. Dafila acita (LINNxus). Pintail. [143.] Anas acuta Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Sweden.) ORDER ANSERES. 73 Ranoe.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds on the Arctic coast from Alaska to Keewatin and south to southern California, southern Colorado, northern Nebraska, northern Iowa, and northern Illinois; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Arizona, southern Missouri, southern Wisconsin, southern Ohio, Pennsylvania (rarely), and Delaware south to Porto Rico and Panama, and in Hawaii; in migration occasional on the Atlantic coast to northern Ungava, Greenland, and Newfoundland, and in Bermuda. Genus AIX Bole. Aiz Bors, Isis, X XI, 1828, 329. Type, by subs. desig., Anas sponsa Linnazus (Eyton, 1838). Aix spénsa (LINN&us). Wood Duck. [144.] Anas sponsa Linnmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 128. (Virginia and Carolina.) RancE.— Temperate North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, central Saskatchewan, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to central California, southern Texas, Florida, and Cuba; winters chiefly in United States from southern British Columbia, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey south to southern California and the Gulf of Mexico; accidental in Bermuda, Mexico, Jamaica, and Europe. SusraMILy FULIGULINE. Sea Ducks. [GeNuS NETTA Kavp. Netta Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 102. Type, by monotypy, Anas rufina Pauuas. Nétta rufina (PaLLAs). Rufous-crested Duck. [145.] Anas rufina Pauuas, Reise Russ. Reichs, II, 1773, 7138. (Caspian Sea.) RancE.— Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in eastern United States]. 74 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS MARILA OKEN. Marila Oxesn, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas marila LINN 2X US. Suspcenus NYROCA FLemina. Nyroca Fiemine, Philos. Zool., II, 1822, 260. Type, by tautonymy, Anas nyroca GULDENSTADT. Marila americina (Eyton). Redhead. [146.] Fuligula americana Eyton, Monogr. Anatide, 1838, 155. (North Amer- ica.) RaNncGE.— North America. Breeds from southern British Colum- bia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southwestern Kee- watin south to southern California, Utah, southern South Dakota, southern Minnesota, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Illinois, Maryland, Delaware, and Massachusetts south to southern Lower California, central Mexico, and Florida; accidental in Jamaica; in migration casual in Alaska and regularly on the Atlantic coast north to south- ern Labrador. Suspcenus ARISTONETTA Barrp. Aristonetta Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., [X, 1858, 793. Type, by orig. desig., Anas valisineria WILSON. Marila valisinéria (WitsoNn). Canvas-back. [147.] Anas valisineria Witson, Amer. Orn., VIII, 1814, 103, pl. 70, fig. 5. (Eastern United States.) Rance.—— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Fort Yukon, Great Slave Lake, and southwestern Keewatin south to Oregon, northern Nevada, Colorado (rarely), Nebraska, and southern Minnesota; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and western New York south to central Mexico (Jalisco) and the Gulf coast; in winter formerly abun- dant, now less so, in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina; occa- sional south to Florida, and casual in the West Indies, Bermuda, and Guatemala; in migration north rarely to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. ORDER ANSERES. 75 SuscEeNus MARILA. Marila marila (LINN&US). Scaup Duck. [148.] Anas marila Linnmus, Fauna Suecica, ed. 2, 1761, 39. (‘‘Lapponia.”’) RanGE.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from the Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia and northern North Dakota; has bred casually on Mag- dalen Islands and in Ontario and Michigan; winters from Maine to Florida and the Bahamas, and from the Aleutian Islands, Nevada, Colorado, and Lake Ontario south to southern California, southern New Mexico, and southern Texas; in migration rare in central Ungava, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia. Marila affinis (Eyron). Lesser Scaup Duck. [149.] Fuligula affinis Eyton, Monogr. Anatide, 1838, 157. (North America.) RancE.— North America. Breeds from the Yukon Valley, Alaska, and Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, south to central British Columbia, southern Montana, Colorado (casually), northern Iowa, northern Indiana, and western Lake Erie; winters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, Lake Erie, and New Jersey south to the Bahamas, Lesser Antilles, and Panama; rare in migration in Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; accidental in Greenland and Bermuda. Marila collaris (DoNovAN). Ring-necked Duck. [150.] Anas collaris Donovan, Brit. Birds, VI, 1809, pl. 147. (Lincolnshire, England? Found in Leadenhall market, London.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from southern British Colum- bia to northern California, and from northern Alberta and Lake Winnipeg south to North Dakota, northern Iowa, and southern Wisconsin; winters from southern British Columbia, New Mexico, northern Texas, southern Illinois, and New Jersey south to Porto Rico and Guatemala; occurs in migration north to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Quebec; recorded from Bermuda and England. 76 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS CLANGULA OKEN. Clangula Oxen, Isis, I, 1817, 1183. Type, by tautonymy, Anas clangula LINNEUS. Clangula clangula (LINN zxUvs). RaNGE.— Greater part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. [Clangula clangula clangula. Extralimital.] b. Clangula clangula americana Bonaparte. Golden-eye. [151]. Clangula americana BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 58. (Eastern United States.) Ranee.— North America. Breeds from central Alaska, northern Mac- kenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern British Columbia, southern Montana, northern North Dakota, northern Michigan, northern New York, and northern New England; winters from the Aleutian Islands, Utah, Nebraska, Minnesota, Lake Erie, Maine, and New Brunswick south to southern California, central Mexico, and Florida; occurs in Bermuda. Clangula islandica (GMELIN). Barrow’s Golden-eye. [152.] Anas islandica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 541. (Iceland.) RancE.— Northern North America. Breeds from south central Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie to southern Oregon and southern Colorado, and from northern Ungava to central- Quebec; winters from southeastern Alaska, central Montana, the Great Lakes, and Gulf of St. Lawrence south to central California, southern Colorado, Nebraska, and New England; accidental in Europe; breeds commonly in Iceland and a rare visitor to Greenland. GENUS CHARITONETTA STEJNEGER. Charitonetta StHINEGER, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 29, 1885, 163. Type, by orig. desig., Anas albeola LINN&US. Charitonétta albéola (LINN«US). Buffle-head. [153.] Anas albeola LinNxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 124. (Newfoundland.) ORDER ANSERES. la RancE.— North America. Breeds from the upper Yukon (rarely Yukon mouth), the lower Mackenzie, Great Slave Lake, and central Keewatin south to British Columbia, northern Montana, and central Ontario; winters from the Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Idaho, Colorado, Missouri, southern Michigan, western New York, and New Brunswick south to northern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), and Florida; recorded from Hawaii, Greenland, Newfound- land, Nova Scotia, Bermuda, and Great Britain. GENUS HARELDA STEPHENS. Harelda StePHens, General Zoology, XII, Pt. ii, 1824, 174. Type, by orig. desig., Anas glacialis LINN&ZUS = A. hyemalis LINN&US. Harélda hyemalis (LINN&us). Old-squaw. [154.] Anas hyemalis Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 126. (Northern provinces of Sweden.) RanGE.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from islands of Bering Sea, Arctic coast of Alaska, Melville Island, Welling- ton Channel, Grinnell Land, and northern Greenland south to Aleutian Islands, east central Mackenzie, northern Hudson Bay, and south- eastern Ungava; winters from the Aleutian Islands south regularly to Washington, rarely to San Diego Bay, California, and in southern Greenland, and from Gulf of St. Lawrence south regularly to the Great Lakes and North Carolina, and rarely to Colorado, Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. GENUS HISTRIONICUS Lesson. Histrionicus Lesson, Manuel d’Orn., II, 1828, 415. Type, by orig. desig., Anas histrionica LINNZUS. Histriénicus histridnicus (LINNmus). Harlequin Duck. [155.] Anas histrionica Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 127. (New- foundland.) RanGE.— Northern North America and eastern Asia. Breeds from the Kowak and Yukon rivers, Alaska, the Arctic coast, and 78 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Greenland south to southwestern British Columbia, central Mac- kenzie, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland, and south in the mountains to central California, southwestern Colorado, northeastern Asia, and Iceland; occurs in summer in flocks near the Pribilof and Aleutian islands and on the coast of Washington; winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Monterey, California, in the interior to Colorado, Missouri, Lake Michigan, and western New York, and on the Atlantic coast from Gulf of St. Lawrence regularly to Maine, rarely to New Jersey, and accidentally to Florida; acci- dental in Europe and not rare in Asia south to Japan. GENUS CAMPTORHYNCHUS Bonaparte. Camptorhynchus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 58. Type, by monotypy, Anas labradoria GMELIN. Camptorhynchus labradérius (GMELIN). Labrador Duck. [156.] Anas labradoria GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 537. (Connecticut and Labrador.) RanGeE.— Formerly, northern Atlantic coasts; supposed to have bred in Labrador; wintered from Nova Scotia south to New Jersey; now extinct. GENUS POLYSTICTA Eyton. Polysticta Eyton, Catal. Brit. Birds, 1836, 58. Type, by monotypy, Anas stellert PALuas. Polysticta stélleri (PaLuAs). Steller’s Eider. [157.] Anas stelleri PALLAs, Spic. Zool., I, Fase. vi, 1769, 35, pl. v. (Kam- chatka.) RanGE.— Coast of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from Point Barrow, Alaska, to the northern coast of Siberia and south to Aleutian Islands; winters on Aleutian Islands and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, and south on the Asiatic coast to Kuril Islands; accidental in Greenland and Quebec. ORDER ANSERES. 19 GENUS ARCTONETTA Gray. Arctoneita Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855 (1856), 212. Type, by monotypy, Fuligula fischeri BRANDT. Arctonétta fischeri (BRANDT). Spectacled Eider. [158.] Fuligula (Lampronetta) fischeri BRANDT, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. (Sei. Nat.), sér. 6, VI, 1849 (1847), 6, 10. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RanceE.— Coasts of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds in Alaska from Point Barrow to mouth of the Kuskokwim, and on the northern coast of Siberia west to mouth of the Lena River; winters on the Aleutian Islands. GENUS SOMATERIA Leacu. Somateria Leacu, in Ross, Voyage Discovery, 1819, App., xlviii. Type, by subs. desig., Anas mollissima Linnxus (Gray, 1840). Suspcenus SOMATERIA. Somatéria mollissima (LINN vs). RanGe.— Arctic and subarctic Europe and northeastern North America. a. [Somateria mollissima mollissima. Extralimital.] b. Somateria mollissima borealis (BreHm). Northern Eider. [159.] Platypus borealis Breum, Lehrbuch Vogel, II, 1824, 813. (Coasts of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait; Greenland and Iceland.) Rancae.— Northeastern North America. Breeds from Ellesmere Land and both coasts of Greenland south to northwestern Hudson Bay and southern Ungava; winters in southern Greenland and south rarely to Massachusetts. Somateria drésseri SHARPE. Eider. [160.] Somateria dresseri SHARPE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, XLIII, July, 1871, 52. (North America.) RancGE.— Northeastern North America. Breeds from southern Ungava and Newfoundland to southeastern Maine, and on the south- ern half of Hudson Bay; winters from Newfoundland and Gulf of St. 80 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Lawrence south on Atlantic coast, regularly to Massachusetts, rarely to Virginia, and in interior rarely to Colorado, lowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and western New York. Somateria v-nigra Gray. Pacific Eider. [161.] Somateria v-nigra Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1855 (Feb., 1856), 212, pl. evii. (Kotzebue Sound.) RanGE.— Coasts of Bering Sea and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Breeds from northeastern Siberia and Arctic America, as far east as Copper- mine River, south to Commander and Aleutian islands and Cook Inlet; winters in Bering Sea, about Aleutian Islands; occasional on Great Slave Lake; accidental in Kansas. SuspcENus ERIONETTA Cougs. Erionetta Cours, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 709. Type, by orig. desig., Anas spectabilis LINN&=US. Somateria spectabilis (LINNmUs). King Eider. [162.] Anas spectabilis Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Sweden.) RanGe.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds along the whole coast of northern Siberia, Bering Sea (St. Lawrence Island), and Arctic coast of America from Icy Cape east to Melville Island, Wellington Channel, northern Greenland, northwestern Hudson Bay, and northern Ungava; winters on Pacific coast from Aleutian Islands to Kadiak Island, in the interior rarely to the Great Lakes, and from southern Greenland and Gulf of St. Lawrence south regu- larly to Long Island, rarely to Georgia; accidental in California and Iowa. GENUS OIDEMIA FLEMING. Oidemia FLEMING, Philos. Zoology, II, 1822, 260. Type, by subs. desig., Anas nigra Linnaxus (Gray, 1840). SuspGcenus OIDEMIA. Oidémia americana SwAINSON. Scoter. [163.] Oidemia americana Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 450. (Hudson Bay, Lat. 57° N.) ORDER ANSERES. 81 RancE.— Northern North America and eastern Asia. Breeds in northeastern Asia and from Kotzebue Sound to Aleutian Islands, in- cluding Near Islands; also on west shore of Hudson Bay, Ungava, and Newfoundland; winters on Asiatic coast to Japan and from is- lands of Bering Sea south rarely to Santa Catalina Island, California; in the interior not rare on the Great Lakes, and casual or accidental in Missouri, Louisiana, Nebraska, Colorado, and Wyoming; on the Atlantic coast abundant during migration from Newfoundland and Maine south (rarely to Florida). Suscenus MELANITTA Bote. Melanitia Born, Isis, X, 1822, 564. Type, by subs. desig., Anas fusca Linnxus (Eyton, 1838). [Oidemia fisca (LINN&%US). Velvet Scoter. [164.] Anas fusca LiInNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Sweden.) RancE.— Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere, breeding from Iceland east to Bering Strait; accidental in Greenland.] Oidemia deglandi Bonaparte. White-winged Scoter. [165.] Oidemia deglandi BONAPARTE, Revue Crit. Orn. Eur., 1850, 108. (North America.) RanceE.— North America. Breeds from the coast of northeastern Siberia, northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava south to central British Columbia, Alberta, northern North Dakota, and southern Quebec; winters on the Asiatic coast to Bering Island, Japan, and China, and in North America from Unalaska Island to San Quintin Bay, Lower California, the Great Lakes (casually to Colorado, Nebraska, and Louisiana), and the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of St. Lawrence south (rarely) to Florida; non-breeding birds occur in summer as far south as Rhode Island and Monterey, California. 82 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SusGenus PELIONETTA Kavp. Pelionetta Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 107. Type, by monotypy, Anas perspicillata LINN&=Us. Oidemia perspicillata (LINN&us). Surf Scoter. [166.] Anas perspicillata L1InN&=vus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 125. (Hudson Bay.) RancE.— North America. Breeds on the Pacific coast from Kotze- bue Sound to Sitka, and from northwestern Mackenzie and Hudson Strait to Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, and northern Quebec; non-breeding birds occur in summer in northeastern Siberia and south on the Pacific coast to Lower California, and in Greenland and south on the Atlantic coast to Long Island; winters on the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California, on the Great Lakes, and south casually to Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Ilh- nois, and Louisiana, and on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to North Carolina, rarely to Florida; casual in Bermuda; frequent in Europe. GENUS ERISMATURA Bonaparte. Erismatura Bonaparte, Giornale Arcadico, LII, 1832, 208. Type, by monotypy, Anas rubidus WILSON = A. jamaicensis GMELIN. Erismattra jamaicénsis (GMELIN). Ruddy Duck. [167.] Anas jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 519. (Jamaica.) RancGe.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Great Slave Lake, southern Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to northern Lower California, central Arizona, northern New Mexico, northwestern Nebraska, southern Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and Maine, and rarely and locally in southern Lower California, Kansas, Massachusetts, Valley of Mexico, Lake Duefias, Guatemala, and in Cuba, Porto Rico, and Carriacou; winters from southern British Columbia, Arizona, New Mexico, southern Illinois, Maine, Pennsylvania, and south to the Lesser An- tilles and Costa Rica; rare in migration to Newfoundland and Bermuda. ORDER ANSERES. 83 GENUS NOMONYX Rinpeway. Nomonyx Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 15. Type, by orig. desig., Anas dominica LINN®US. Noményx dominicus (LINN«us). Masked Duck. [168.] Anas dominica Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 201. (Santo Domingo.) Rance.— Tropical America. Breeds in the West Indies and in eastern South America to central Argentina; occurs rarely and locally from the lower Rio Grande in Texas south to Mexico, Guatemala, and western South America; recorded also from Wisconsin, Massa- chusetts, Vermont, and Maryland. SuBFAMILY ANSERINZs. GEESE. GENUS CHEN Bolr. Chen Bote, Isis, X, 1822, 563. Type, by monotypy, Anser hyperboreus PALLAS. SuBGENus CHEN, Chen hyperboreus (PAs). Rance.— Arctic North America, south in winter to southern United States and Mexico. a. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus (PaLuas). Snow Goose. [169.] Anser hyperboreus Pauuas, Spice. Zool., I, Fase. vi, 1769, 25. (North- eastern Siberia.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from mouth of the Mackenzie east probably to Coronation Gulf and Melville Island; oecurs on the Arctic coast of northeastern Asia, but not known to breed there; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Colorado, and southern Illinois south to northern Lower California, central Mexico (Jalisco), Texas, and Louisiana, and on the Asiatic coast south to Japan; generally rare in eastern United States. b. Chen hyperboreus nivalis (J. R. Forster). Greater Snow Goose. [169a.] Anas nivalis Forster, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 433. (Severn River, Hudson Bay, Canada.) 84 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGeE.— Eastern North America. Has been found breeding at Whale Sound, north Greenland, and Ellesmere Land; full breeding range not known; winters from southern Illinois, Chesapeake Bay, and Massachusetts (rarely) south to Louisiana, Florida, and West Indies to Porto Rico; in migration rarely west to Colorado and east to New England and Newfoundland. Chen ceruléscens (LINN&=us). Blue Goose. [169.1.] Anas cerulescens LiINN&us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 124. (Hudson Bay.) Rancre.— Eastern North America. Breeding range unknown, but probably interior of northern Ungava; winters from Nebraska and southern Illinois south to coasts of Texas and Louisiana; rare or casual in migration in California, and from New Hampshire to Florida, Cuba, and the Bahamas. Suspcenus EXANTHEMOPS E ior. Exanthemops Exuiot, New & Unfig. Birds N. A., II, Pt. ix, 1868, pl. xliv and text. Type, by orig. desig., Anser rossit CAssIN. Chen rossi (CassIN). Ross’s Goose. [170.] Anser rossit Cassin, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 73. (Great Slave Lake.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeding range unknown, but probably north of Mackenzie; winters in California; in migration occurs from Kent Peninsula and Anderson River, Mackenzie, south to Manitoba and Oregon; accidental in British Columbia, Colorado, Louisiana, and Chihuahua. GENus ANSER Brisson. Anser Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 261. Type, by tautonymy, Anser syl- vestris Brisson = Anas anser LINNMUS. Anser 4lbifrons (Scopo.t). RanGE.— Arctic and subarctic parts of the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter to the warmer temperate latitudes. ORDER ANSERES. 85 a. [Anser albifrons albifrons (Scopo.i). European White-fronted Goose. [171.] Branta albifrons Scopoui, Annus IJ, Hist.-Nat., 1769, 69. Ranee.— Northern parts of Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Iceland, Nova Zembla, northern Europe, and northern Asia, passing south in winter to Egypt, India, and China. Of doubtful record from eastern Green- land.] 6. Anser albifrons gimbeli Harrtaus. White-fronted Goose. [171a.] Anser gambelli Hartuaus, Revue et Mag. Zool., 1852, 7. (Southern part of North America.) RaNGE.— Central and western North America. Breeds on and near the Arctie coast from northeastern Siberia east to northeastern Mackenzie and south to lower Yukon Valley; winters commonly from southern British Columbia to southern Lower California and Jalisco, and rarely from southern Illinois, southern Ohio, and New Jersey south to northeastern Mexico, southern Texas, and Cuba, and on the Asiatie coast to China and Japan; rare in migration on the Atlantic coast north to Ungava. [Anser fabalis (LATHAM). Bean Goose. [171.1.] Anas fabalis LatHaM, Suppl. Gen. Synopsis, I, 1787, 297. (England?) Rance.— Northern parts of the Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and northern Asia from Russian Lapland east to the Yenisei River, and north to Nova Zembla; winters south to southern Europe, northern Africa, and China; recorded from northern Greenland. ] [Anser brachyrhynchus Barton. Pink-footed Goose. [171.2.] Anser brachyrhynchus Baitton, Mém. Soe. Roy. d’Emul. d’Abbeville, 1838, 74. (Abbeville, France.) RancE.— Europe. Breeds on Spitzbergen; winters south to north- western Europe, occasionally to Germany and France; accidental on east coast of Greenland. ] GENUS BRANTA Scopot.t. Branta Scorout, Annus I, Hist.-Nat., 1769, 67. Type, by subs. desig., Anas bernicla Linnus (Bannister, 1870). 86 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Branta canadénsis (LINN Us). RanGE.— North America, from Arctic coast south to southern bor- der of the United States, breeding (at least formerly) to middle districts of eastern United States. a. Branta canadensis canadensis (LINN=us). Canada Goose. [172.] Anas canadensis LiInNmUuS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 123. (Canada.) RanGE.— North America. Breeds from limit of trees in valley of the lower Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to southern Oregon, northern Colorado, Nebraska, and Indiana; formerly bred casually south to New Mexico, Kansas, Tennessee, and Massachusetts; winters from southern British Columbia, southern Colorado, southern Wisconsin, southern Illinois, and New Jersey (rarely southern Ontario and Newfoundland) south to southern California, Texas, and Florida; accidental in Bermuda and Jamaica. b. Branta canadensis hitchinsi (RicHaRDsON). Hutchins’s Goose. [172a_] Anser hutchinsii RicHarDsON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 470. (Melville Peninsula.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from Kowak Valley, Alaska, and from mouth of Mackenzie east along Arctic shores and islands from lati- tude 70° south to Melville Peninsula and northwestern Hudson Bay; winters from British Columbia, Nevada, Colorado, and Missouri south to San Rafael in Lower California, Texas, and Louisiana; accidental in Vera Cruz; in migration rare east of the Mississippi Valley but recorded on the Atlantic coast from Maine to Virginia. c. Branta canadensis occidentalis (BairD). White-cheeked Goose. [172b.] Bernicla occidentalis Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., LX, 1858, 766. (Port Townsend, Washington.) Rance.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound and Mitkof Island south to northeastern California; winters from Washington to southern California. d. Branta canadensis minima Ripaway. Cackling Goose. [172c.] Branta minima Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, May 6, 1885, 22. ' + (St. Michael, Alaska.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds in western Aleutians and from Norton Sound south to northern coast of Alaska Peninsula; winters from British Columbia south to San Diego County, California; casual east to Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. ORDER ANSERES. 87 Branta bérnicla (LINN Us). RanaE.— Arctic islands and coasts of the Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to southern Europe and eastern United States. a. [Branta bernicla bernicla. Extralimital.] b. Branta bernicla glaucogastra (BreHM). Brant. [173a.] Bernicla glaucogaster Bream, Handbuch Voégel Deutschl., 1831, 849. (German coast of Baltic Sea.) RancGeE.— Northern Hemisphere. Breeds on Arctic islands north of lati- tude 74° and west to about longitude 100°, and on the whole west coast of Greenland; winters on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts south to North Carolina, rarely to Florida; has been recorded in the interior from Manitoba, Ontario, Colorado, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and Louisiana; accidental in British Columbia and Barbados. Branta nigricans (LAWRENCE). Black Brant. [174.] Anser nigricans LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., IV, 1846, 171, pl. xii. (Egg Harbor, N. J.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds on the Arctic coast and islands from Point Barrow east to near mouth of Anderson River, north probably to Melville Island; common on Siberian coast, Chukchi Peninsula, and west to New Siberian Islands; winters on the Pacific coast from British Columbia south to San Quintin Bay, Lower Cali- fornia, in the interior of Oregon and Nevada, and on the Asiatic coast south to Japan; recorded as a straggler to Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. Branta leucépsis (BECHSTEIN). Barnacle Goose. [175.] Anas leucopsis BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., II, 1803, 424. (Germany.) Rance.— Northern part of the Old World. Breeds in northern part of Eastern Hemisphere as far north as Spitzbergen; winters in Great Britain and western Europe, occurring south to Spain; occurs in Iceland, and in migration on both coasts of Greenland; recorded from Ungava, Ontario, Quebec, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, and North Carolina. 88 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS PHILACTE BANNISTER. Philacte BANNIsTER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, 131. Type, by monotypy, Anas canagica SEVASTIANOFF. Philacte canagica (SEVASTIANOFF). Emperor Goose. [176.] Anas canagica SEVASTIANOFF, Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIII, 1802, 349, pl. x. (Probably Kanaga (or Kyktak) Island, Aleutian Islands.) RanGe.— Coasts of Alaska. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to mouth of Kuskokwim, on St. Lawrence Island, and also on Chuk- chi Peninsula, Siberia, near East Cape; winters from the Commander and Near islands east through the Aleutians to Bristol Bay and Sitka; casual in British Columbia and California; accidental in Hawaii. Genus DENDROCYGNA Swarnson. Dendrocygna Swainson, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 365. Type, by subs. desig., Anas arcuata HoRSFIELD (Gray, 1840). Dendrocygna 2utumniélis (LINNUs). Black-bellied Tree-duck. [177.] Anas autumnalis Linnazzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 127. (West Indies.) RancGeE.— Southern Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Breeds from Corpus Christi, Texas, to Mazatlan, Mexico, and Panama; winters from central Mexico to Panama; accidental in Arizona and Jamaica. Dendrocygna bicolor (ViEILLOT). Fulvous Tree-duck. [178.] Anas bicolor Vir1LLoT, Nouy. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., V, 1816, 1386. (Para- guay.) RANGE.— Southwestern United States and Mexico, southern Uruguay and Argentina, South Africa and India. Breeds from central California, middle western Nevada, southern Arizona, and central Texas south to the Valley of Mexico and Michoacan; winters from central California and central Texas to southern Mexico; casual in Louisiana; accidental in British Columbia, Washington, Missouri, and North Carolina. ORDER ANSERES. ioe) © SuBFAMILY CYGNINZA&. Swans. GENUS OLOR WaAGLER. Olor WaGuER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 1234. Type, by subs. desig., Cygnus musicus BECHSTEIN = Anas cygnus LINN&E=US (Gray, 1840). [Olor cygnus (LiNN®us). Whooper Swan. [179.] Anas cygnus Linnazus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 122. (“Scania.’’) RancE.— Northern part of the Old World. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia, including Iceland, and formerly was not rare in Greenland, where it still occurs as an occasional visitant; winters from Great Britain and southeastern Europe as far south as Egypt.] Olor columbianus (OrpD). Whistling Swan. [180.] Anas columbianus Orp, in GuTHRin’s Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 319. (Below the great narrows of the Columbia River.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from northern Alaska south to Becharof Lake, Alaska Peninsula, and on Arctic islands from about latitude 74° south to northern Mackenzie and northwestern Hudson Bay; in migration occurs west to Bering Island; winters on the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia, rarely south to southern Cali- fornia, and in the interior from Lake Erie and southern Illinois to coast of Louisiana and Texas, and on Atlantic coast from Delaware and Maryland to South Carolina, rarely north to Massachusetts and south to Florida; casual in northern Mexico; accidental in Scotland’ and Bermuda. Olor buccindtor (RicHARDSON). Trumpeter Swan. [181.] Cygnus buccinator RicHaARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 464. (Hudson Bay.) RanGE.— Interior and western North America. Breeds from the Rocky Mountains to western shore of Hudson Bay and from the Arctic Ocean to about latitude 60°; formerly bred south to Indiana, Missouri, Nebraska, Montana, and Idaho, and casually west to Fort Yukon and British Columbia; winters from southern Indiana and 90 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. southern Illinois south to Texas, and from southern British Columbia to southern California; casual in migration in the Rocky Mountain region of United States; accidental in New York and Delaware. Now of rare occurrence nearly everywhere. ORDER ODONTOGLOSS 4. LAMELLIROSTRAL GRALLATORES. FamMity PHGQNICOPTERIDA. FLAMINGOES. GENUS PHCENICOPTERUS Linn us. Phenicopterus Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 139. Type, by monotypy, Phenicopterus ruber LINNEUS. Phenicépterus riber LiInnNmus. Flamingo. [182.] Phenicopterus ruber LINN&EUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 139. (Jamaica, Cuba, and Bahamas.) Rance.— Atlantic coast of subtropical and tropical America, from the Bahamas, Florida Keys, and Yucatan to Brazil, and in the Galapagos; accidental in South Carolina. ORDER HERODIONES. 9] OrDER HERODIONKES. Herons, Srorks, IBISES, ETC. SUBORDER IBIDES. SPoonBILLs AND IBISES. Famity PLATALEIDZ. Spoonsi..s. Genus AJAIA REICHENBACH. Ajaia REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xvi. Type, by orig. desig., Ajaia rosea REICHENBACH = Platalea ajaja LINN&Us. Ajaia ajaja (LINNxus). Roseate Spoonbill. [183.] Platalea ajaja Linnmvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. (Brazil.) RanceE.— North and South America, from Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia south to Patagonia and the Falkland Islands; formerly casual north to Pennsylvania and the lower Ohio Valley (Indiana and Illinois); accidental in California, Colorado, Kansas, and Wisconsin. Famity IBIDIDZ. IBIsEs. GENUS GUARA REICHENBACH. Guara ReitcHensacw, Syst. Avium, 1852, xiv. Type, by orig. desig., Scolopax rubra LINN&EUS. Guara alba (LiInN&us). White Ibis. [184.] Scolopax alba Linnaws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Carolina.) RanGe.— North and South America, from Lower California, Texas, and South Carolina south to West Indies, Brazil, and Peru, and casually to Great Salt Lake, South Dakota, Illinois, Vermont, Connecticut, and Long Island; winters from Gulf of Mexico southward. 92 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [Guara rabra (LINNmuUsS). Scarlet Ibis. [185.] Scolopax rubra Linnazus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Bahamas.) RancE.— Tropical South America; casual in the West Indies and Central America; recorded as a straggler to Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Louisiana, and Florida.] GENUS PLEGADIS Kavp. Plegadis Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 82. Type, by monotypy, Tantalus falcinellus LinNzus = Tringa autumnalis Lin- NUS. Plégadis autumndlis (LINN#&us). Glossy Ibis. [186.] Tringa autumnalis LinNmus, in Hasse.quist, Reise Palist., 1762, 306. (Egypt.) Rance.— Tropical and subtropical regions, mainly of Eastern Hemisphere. Rare and local in southeastern United States from Louisiana to Florida, and in the West Indies; casual north to Mis- souri, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Nova Scotia. Plegadis guaratina (LINN&us). White-faced Glossy Ibis. [187.] Scolopax guarauna Linnazvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 242. (Brazil.) RancEe.— Temperate and tropical America from southern Oregon, Arizona, Texas, and Florida south through Mexico to southern South America; casual north to British Columbia, Wyoming, and Nebraska. ORDER HERODIONES. 93 SUBORDER CICONIAL. Srorks, ETC. Famity CICONIIDA. Strorxs anp Woop IBISEs. SuBFAMILY MYCTERIINZA:. Woop Isiszs. GENUS MYCTERIA LINN vs. Mycteria Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. Type, by monotypy, Mycteria americana LINN&US. Myctéria americana LINN&us. Wood Ibis. [188.] Mycteria americana Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. (Brazil.) RancEe.— Temperate and tropical America from southern Cali- fornia, Arizona, Texas, Ohio Valley, and South Carolina south to Argentina; casual north to Montana, Wisconsin, New York, and Vermont. [SuBpraMILy CICONIINAS, Srorks. Genus JABIRU HELLMAyr. Jabiru Hetumayr, Abh. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., II Kl., XXII, May, 1906, 711. Type, by orig. desig., Ciconia mycteria LICHTENSTEIN. Jabiru myctéria (LICHTENSTEIN). Jabiru. [189.] Ciconia mycteria LicuTENSTEIN, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Phys. K1.), for 1816-17, 1819, 163. (Brazil.) RaNncGE.— Southern Mexico to Central America, and South America to Argentina; accidental north to central Texas.] 94 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SuporDER HERODII. Herons, Ecrets, BITTerns, ETC. Famity ARDEIDZ. Herons, BITTERNS, ETC. SuBFAMILY BOTAURINZ. Birrerns. GENUS BOTAURUS STEPHENS. Botaurus STEPHENS, General Zoology, XI, Pt. ii, 1819, 592. Type, by subs. desig., Ardea stellaris LINN=Us (Gray, 1840). Botatrus lentigindsus (Montacu). Bittern. [190.] Ardea lentiginosa Montaau, Suppl. Orn. Dict., 1813, text and plate. (Piddletown, Dorsetshire, England.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and New- foundland south to southern California, northern Arizona, Kansas, the Ohio Valley, and North Carolina, and less frequently in southern United States; winters from California, Arizona, southern Texas, the Ohio Valley, and Virginia south to Cuba and Guatemala, and casually to the Bahamas, Porto Rico, Jamaica, and Great Britain. GENUS IXOBRYCHUS BI.LuBera. Izobrychus BiLLBERG, Syn. Faune Sceand., I, ii, 1828, 166. Type, by subs. desig., Ardea minuta Linnmus (Stone, 1907). Ixobrychus exilis (GMELIN). Least Bittern. [191.] Ardea exilis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 645. (Jamaica.) RanGE.— Temperate North America and northern South America. Breeds from southern Oregon, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies and Brazil; winters from Florida and Gulf of Mexico south- ward. ORDER HERODIONES. 95 Ixobrychus neéxenus (Cory). Cory’s Least Bittern. [191.1.] Ardetta neoxena Cory, Auk, III, April, 1886, 262. (Caloosahatchie River, near Lake Okeechobee, Florida.) RancGE.— Imperfectly known. Breeds in southern Ontario and southern Florida; occurs casually in Massachusetts, Michigan, and Wisconsin. SuspraMILy ARDEINAS. Herons anv EGRETs. GeENus ARDEA LINN ZXUS. Ardea Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 141. Type, by subs. desig., Ardea cinerea LINN&®US (Gray, 1840). Ardea occidentélis AupDuBON. Great White Heron. [192.] Ardea occidentalis AupuBOoN, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1835, pl. 281. (Keys near Key West, Florida.) Rance.— Region bordering Gulf of Mexico from southern Florida south to Cuba, Jamaica, and Yucatan; casual north to Anclote River and Micco, Florida. Ardea herédias LINN US. RancGe.— North America, north to southeastern Alaska and Hudson Bay; south in winter to the West Indies and northern South America. a. Ardea herodias herodias LiInnzus. Great Blue Heron. [194.] Ardea herodias LiInNxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Hudson Bay.) RanGE.— Western Hemisphere. Breeds from southeastern British Colum- bia, central Alberta, central Manitoba, northern Ontario, and Prince Edward Island south to southern Lower California, northern Texas, and South Atlan- tic States (except Florida); winters from Oregon, the Ohio Valley, and Middle States south to the West Indies, Panama, and Venezuela. b. Ardea herodias fannini CuHapman. Northwestern Coast Heron. [194a.] Ardea herodias fannini CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XIV, 1901. 87. (Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RanceE.— Pacific coast from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Washington. 96 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Ardea herodias wardi Ripacway. Ward’s Heron. [1940.] Ardea wardi Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, Jan., 1882, 5. (Oyster Bay, Florida.) Rance.— Florida, and the Gulf coast to Texas. [Ardea cinérea LINN&us. European Heron. [195.] Ardea cinerea LINN2XUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Sweden.) RancEe.— Most of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in southern Greenland. ] GENUS HERODIAS Bole. Herodias Bot, Isis, X, 1822, 559. Type, by subs. desig., Ardea egretta GMELIN (Gray, 1855.) Herédias egrétta (GMELIN). Egret. [196.] Ardea egretta GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 629. (Cayenne.) Rance. Temperate and tropical America. Breeds in Oregon and California, and from North Carolina, Florida, the Gulf coast, and Mexico south to Patagonia; formerly bred north to New Jersey and Wisconsin; winters from the Gulf of Mexico southward; casual in Manitoba, Quebec, New England, and Nova Scotia. GENUS EGRETTA TT. Forster. Egretta Forster, Synop. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1817, 59. Type, by mono- typy, Ardea garzetta LINN&US. Egrétta candidissima (GMELIN). RaNnGE.— South America and North America north nearly to northern border of the United States. a. KEgretta candidissima candidissima (GMELIN). Snowy Egret. [197.] Ardea candidissima GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 633. (Cartagena, Colombia.) Ranau.— Temperate and tropical America. Formerly bred from Oregon, Nebraska, Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey south to Chile and Argentina; ORDER HERODIONES. 97 now breeds loeally in the United States from North Carolina to Louisiana; winters from Florida southward; casual in British Columbia, Ontario, Massa- chusetts, and Nova Scotia. b. Egretta candidissima bréwsteri THaveR & Bancs. Brewster's Egret. [197a.] Egretta candidissima brewsteri THAYER & Banas, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, IV, April 29, 1909, 40. (San José Island, Gulf of California.) Ranae.— Southern Lower California. Genus DICHROMANASSA Ripaway. Dichromanassa Ripeway, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, 246. Type, by orig. desig., Ardea rufa BopDAERT = Ardea ru- fescens GMELIN. Dichromandssa ruféscens (GMELIN). Reddish Egret. [198.] Ardea rufescens GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 628. (Louisiana.) RanceE.— Southern North America. Breeds from Lower Cali- fornia and Gulf of Mexico to Jamaica and Guatemala; winters from southern Florida southward; casual in Colorado and southern Illinois. GENUS HYDRANASSA Barrp. Hydranassa Barb, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., [X, 1858, 660. Type, by orig. desig., Ardea ludoviciana W1Lson = Egreita ruficollis Gossn. Hydran4ssa tricolor (MULLER). RancE.— Warm temperate eastern North America, Central America, West Indies, and northern South America. a. {Hydranassa tricolor tricolor. Extralimital.] b. Hydranassa tricolor ruficéllis (Gossr). Louisiana Heron. [199.] Egretta ruficollis Gossr, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 338. (Jamaica.) RaNnGE.— Southern North America. Breeds from North Carolina and the Gulf States to the West Indies, Mexico (both coasts), and Central America; winters from South Carolina southward; casual in Indiana, New Jersey, and Long Island. 98 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus FLORIDA Barrp. Florida Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 671. Type, by monotypy, Ardea cerulea LINN-ZUS. Florida ceralea (Linn=us). Little Blue Heron. [200.] Ardea cerulea Linn=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 143. (Carolina.) Rance.— North and South America. Formerly bred from Mis- souri, Indiana, Illinois, and New Jersey to western Mexico and south to Argentina and Peru; in the United States now breeds locally on the Gulf coast and in South Carolina; wanders casually to Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, New England, and Nova Scotia; winters from South Carolina southward. GENus BUTORIDES BtiyrTu. Butorides BuytH, Catal. Birds Mus. Asiat. Soc., 1849 (1852?), 281. Type, by monotypy, Ardea javanica HorsFIELD. Butorides viréscens (LINN&XUS). Rancr.— United States south to Central America and the West Indies, and probably northern South America. a. Butorides virescens virescens (LiInN=us). Green Heron. [201.] Ardea virescens LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 144. (Virginia and Carolina.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southern South Dakota, northern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to the West Indies; winters from the West Indies southward, and rarely in southeastern United States; casual in Colorado. b. Butorides virescens frazari (BREWSTER). Frazar’s Green Heron. [201a.] Ardea virescens frazari Brewster, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 83. (La Paz, Lower California.) Ranae.— Lower California (vicinity of La Paz). c. Butorides virescens 4nthonyi (Mearns). Anthony’sGreen Heron. [201c.] Ardea virescens anthonyi Mearns, Auk, XII, July, 1895, 257. (Seven Wells, Salton River, Colorado Desert, Lower California.) ORDER HERODIONES. 99 RancGe.— Arid region of southwestern United States. Breeds from north- ern California south to northern Lower California, southern Arizona, and Michoacan, Mexico; winters from southern California to southern Mexico. GENUS NYCTICORAX T. Forster. Nycticoraz Forster, Synop. Catal. Brit. Birds, 1817, 59. Type, by monotypy, Nycticorax infaustus ForsteER = Ardea nycticorar Lin- NUS. Nycticorax nycticorax (LINN £Us). RancE.— Warmer parts of Eastern and Western hemispheres. a. ([Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax. Extralimital.] b. Nycticorax nycticorax névius (BopparrT). Black-crowned Night Heron. [202.] Ardea nevia BopparErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 56. (Cayenne.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from northern Oregon, southern Wyoming, southern Manitoba, northern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to Patagonia; winters from northern California and Gulf States south- ward; casual in winter north to Massachusetts and southern Illinois. GENUS NYCTANASSA STEJNEGER. Nyctanassa STEIJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, 295 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Ardea violacea LINN&XUS. Nyctandssa violacea (LINN&UsS). Yellow-crowned Night Heron. [203.] Ardea violacea LinN=Us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Carolina.) RancE.— Warm temperate and tropical America. Breeds from southern Lower California, Kansas, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and South Carolina south to Brazil and Peru; casual north to Colo- rado, Ontario, Massachusetts, Maine, and Nova Scotia; winters from southern Lower California and southern Florida southward. 100 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER PALUDICOLA. Cranes, RAILs, ETC. SUBORDER GRUES. CRANES, COURLANS, ETC. Famity GRUIDZ. CRransEs. GENUS GRUS PALLAS. Grus Pauuas, Misc. Zool., 1766, 66. Type, by tautonymy, Ardea grus LINN2ZUS. Grus americana (LINN%us). Whooping Crane. ([204.] Ardea americana Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 142. (Florida and Hudson Bay.) Rance.— North America. Bred formerly from northern Mac- kenzie south to Illinois and Iowa; now mainly restricted to southern Mackenzie and northern Saskatchewan; in migration formerly not rare on the Atlantic coast from New England to Florida and casual west to Colorado and Idaho; winters from the Gulf States to central Mexico. Grus canadénsis (LinNus). Little Brown Crane. [205.] Ardea canadensis LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 141. (Hudson Bay.) RancE.— North America. Breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and Boothia Peninsula south to central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin; migrates through the interior of United States, and winters south to Texas and Jalisco, Mexico; casual west to California. Grus mexicina (Miter). Sandhill Crane. [206.] Ardea (grus) mexicana MUuueER, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 110. (Mexico.) Rance.— North America. Resident in Louisiana and Florida; bred formerly from southern British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Mani- ORDER PALUDICOL®. 101 toba, and western Ontario south to California, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, and Ohio; formerly in migration east to New England; now rare east of the Mississippi, except in Florida, and rare as a breeder in the southern half of its former breeding range; winters from Cali- fornia, Texas, and Louisiana south to Mexico. Famity ARAMIDZ. CouRLANs. GENUS ARAMUS VIEILLOT. Aramus ViEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 58. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘Courliri, Buff.”’ = Ardea scolopacea GMELIN = Numenius vociferus LATHAM. Aramus vociferus (LarHam). Limpkin. ([207.] Numenius vociferus LatHaM, Suppl. Index Orn., 1801, xv. (Florida.) Rance.— Florida, Greater Antilles, and both coasts of ,Central America; casual north to South Carolina; accidental in Texas. SUBORDER RALLI. Rais, GALLINULES, Coots, ETC. Famity RALLIDZ. Rais, GALLINULES, AND Coots. SuBFAMILY RALLINAS. Rais. GENUS RALLUS LINN vs. Rallus Linnazvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 153. Type, by subs. desig., Rallus aquaticus Linnasus (Gray, 1840). Réllus élegans AUDUBON. King Rail. [208.] Rallus elegans AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), III, 1834, pl. 203. (South- eastern United States, or interior of South Carolina.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from Nebraska, south- ern Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and Connecticut south to Texas, Florida, and Cuba; winters mainly in the southern part of its breeding range; casual north to South Dakota and Maine. 102 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rallus béldingi Rrncway. Belding’s Rail. [209.] Rallus beldingi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 345. (Espiritu Santo Island, Lower California.) RanGE.— Coast and islands of southern Lower California. Rallus obsolétus Ripaway. California Clapper Rail. ([210.] Rallus elegans var. obsoletus Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VIII, 1874, 111. (San Francisco, California.) RaANGE.— Salt marshes of the Pacific coast near San Francisco. Rallus lévipes Bancs. Light-footed Rail. (210.1.] Rallus levipes BANas, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Club, I, 1899, 45. (New- port Landing, Los Angeles Co., California.) RanGe.— Marshes of southern California from Santa Barbara south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California; accidental in Arizona. Rallus crépitans GMELIN. Rance.— Eastern United States. a. Rallus crepitans crepitans GmeLin. Clapper Rail. [211.] Rallus crepitans GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 713. (New York.) RaNGE.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds from Connecticut to North Carolina; winters mainly south of New Jersey; casual north to Maine. b. Rallus crepitans saturdtus Rincway. Louisiana Clapper Rail. [211a.] Rallus longirostris var. saturatus Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 140. (Louisiana.) RanGE.— Coast of Louisiana. c. Rallus crepitans scotti Sennetr. Florida Clapper Rail. (211b.] Rallus longirostris scottii SENNETT, Auk, V, July, 1888, 305. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RaNnGE.— Salt marshes of the Gulf coast of Florida. d. Rallus crepitans wafnei BREwstTeER. Wayne’s Clapper Rail. [211c.] Rallus crepitans waynei BREWSTER, Proc. New Engl. Zoél. Club, I, 1899, 50. (St. Mary’s, Camden Co., Georgia.) RaANGE.— Salt marshes of the south Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Florida. ORDER PALUDICOLE. 103 Rallus longiréstris BoDDAERT. RaNGE.— Northern South America, West Indies, and coast of Texas. a. [Rallus longirostris longirostris. [xtralimital.] b. Rallus longirostris caribeus Ripaway. Caribbean Clapper Rail. [211.2.] Rallus longirostris var. caribeus Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 140. (West Indies.) RanGeE.— Texas (Corpus Christi and Galveston) and the West Indies. Rallus virginianus LINN&us. Virginia Rail. [212.] Rallus virginianus Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 263. (Virginia.) RanGE.— North America. Breeds from British Columbia, south- ern Saskatchewan, southern Keewatin, Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to southern California, Utah, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, New Jersey, and eastern North Carolina, and in Toluca Valley, Mexico; winters from Oregon, Utah, and Colorado to Lower California and Guatemala, also in the lower Mississippi States, and from North Carolina (casually Massachusetts) to Florida; occurs casually north to northern Quebec and Newfoundland. GENUS PORZANA VIEILLOT. Porzana Vir1LuoT, Analyse, 1816, 61. Type, by monotypy, ‘ Marouette, Buff.” = Rallus porzana LINNXvs. [Porzdéna porzdna (LINN=us). Spotted Crake. ([213.] Rallus porzana LinnN=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 262. (Europe.) RancE.— Northern parts of the Old World; occasional in Green- land.] Porzana carolina (LINN&us). Sora. ([214.] Rallus carolinus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 1538. (Hudson Bay.) 104 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and Gulf of St. Lawrence south to southern California, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, and New Jersey; winters from northern California, Illinois, and South Carolina through the West Indies and Central America to Venezuela and Peru; accidental in Bermuda, Greenland, and England. Grnus COTURNICOPS Bonaparre. Coturnicops BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XLIII, 1856, 599. Type, by monotypy, Fulica noveboracensis GMELIN. Cotirnicops noveboracénsis (GMELIN). Yellow Rail. ([215.] Fulica noveboracensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 701. (New York.) RanGE.— Chiefly eastern North America. Breeds from southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to Minne- sota and Maine; winters in the Gulf States, rarely in California, Illinois, and North Carolina; casual in Nevada, Utah, and Bermuda. GENus CRECISCUS CaBaAnlis. Creciscus CaBanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 428. Type, by monotypy, Rallus jamaicensis GMELIN. Creciscus jamaicénsis (GMELIN). Black Rail. [216.] Rallus jamaicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 718. (Jamaica.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southern On- tario and Massachusetts south to Kansas, Illinois, and South Caro- lina; winters from Texas east through the Gulf States and south to Jamaica and Guatemala; casual in Bermuda. Creciscus coturniculus (R1pGway). Farallon Rail. [216.1.] Porzana jamaicensis var. coturniculus Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1874, 111. (Farallon Islands, California.) RaNGE.— Pacific coast of United States. Breeds in coast marshes of California; casual in Washington, Oregon, and Lower California. ORDER PALUDICOL. 105 [GENUS CREX BeEcusTEIN. Crexr BrcustTeIn, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., II, 1803, 336. Type, by monotypy, Crex pratensis BECHSTEIN = Rallus crex LINNXUs. Crex crex (LINN&US). Corn Crake. [217.] Rallus crex Linn=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 153. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Europe and northern Asia; casual in Greenland, Ber- muda, and eastern North America from Nova Scotia to New Jersey.] SupraMILty GALLINULINZAS. GaALuiNu_Les. GENUS IONORNIS REIcHENBACH. lonornis REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xxi. Type, by orig. desig., Fulica martinicensis JAcQUIN = Fulica martinica LINN ZUS. Ionérnis martinicus (LINN=us). Purple Gallinule. [218.] Fulica martinica Linn=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 259. (Martinique, West Indies.) RaNnGE.— Tropical and subtropical America. Breeds from Texas, Tennessee, and South Carolina south through Mexico and the West Indies to Ecuador and Paraguay; winters from Texas, Louisiana, and Florida southward; irregularly north in summer to Arizona, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns- wick; accidental in England and Bermuda. GENUS GALLINULA Brisson. Gallinula Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 2. Type, by tautonymy [Gallinula] gallinula Brisson = Fulica chloropus LINN&XwS. Gallinula gale4ta (LicHTENSTEIN). Florida Gallinule. [219.] Crex galeata LICHTENSTEIN, Verz. Siug. u. Végel Mus. Berlin, 1818, 36. (Brazil.) RanGE.— Tropical and temperate America. Breeds from central California, Arizona, Nebraska, Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and 106 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Vermont south through the West Indies and Mexico to Chile and Argentina, and in the Galapagos and Bermuda; winters from south- ern California, Arizona, Texas, and Georgia southward; casual in Colorado, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine. SuBFaMILy FULICINAS. Coors. GENUS FULICA LINN 2Uvs. Fulica Linnxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. Type, by subs. desig., Fulica atra Linnamus (Gray, 1840). [Filica dtra Linnmus. European Coot. [220.] Fulica atra LInNxws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. (Sweden.) RancE.— Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in Greenland.] Fulica americiéna GMELIN. Coot. ([221.] Fulica americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 704. (North America.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, Manitoba, Quebec, and New Brunswick south to northern Lower California, Texas, Tennessee, and New Jersey, and also in southern Mexico, southern West Indies, and Guatemala; win- ters from southern British Columbia, Nevada, Utah, the Ohio Valley, and Virginia south to Colombia; casual at Fort Yukon, Alaska, and in Greenland, Labrador, and Bermuda. ORDER LIMICOL®. 107 OrpDER LIMICOLA. SuHore Brirps. FamMiIty PHALAROPODIDZ. PHALAROPES. GENUS PHALAROPUS Brisson. Phalaropus Brisson, Orn., VI, 1760, 12. Type, by tautonymy, [Phalaro- pus] phalaropus Brisson = Tringa fulicaria LINNEUs. Phaldropus fulicérius (LINN®us). Red Phalarope. [222.] Tringa fulicaria LInNNmUus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Hudson Bay.) RanGeE.— Northern and Southern hemispheres. In North America breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and northern Ellesmere Land south to mouth of the Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Kee- watin, Hudson Strait, and southern Greenland; winter home un- known but probably on the oceans, at least as far south as Falkland and Juan Fernandez islands; migrates along both coasts of United States; casual in migration in interior south to Colorado, Kansas, Tllinois, and Maryland. GENus LOBIPES Cuvier. Lobipes Cuvier, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 495. Type, by orig desig., Tringa hyperborea LinN&{us = Tringa lobata LinNaxUus. Lébipes lobatus (LINN&us). Northern Phalarope. ([223.] Tringa lobata Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148, 824. (Hudson Bay.) RanGE.— Northern and Southern hemispheres. In North America breeds from northern Alaska, Melville Island, and central Greenland south to Aleutian Islands (including Near Islands), valley of the Upper Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern James Bay, 108 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. and northern Ungava; winter home unknown, but probably the oceans south of the equator; in migration occurs nearly throughout the United States and in Mexico, Central America, Bermuda, and Hawaii. GENUS STEGANOPUS VIEILLOT. Steganopus Vin1uuotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 136. Type, by orig. desig., Steganopus tricolor V1EILLOoT. Stegdnopus tricolor VieILLoT. Wilson’s Phalarope. ([224.] Steganopus tricolor VirrtuotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, 136. (Paraguay.) RancE.— North and South America. Breeds from central Wash- ington, central Alberta, and Lake Winnipeg south to eastern Califor- nia, southern Colorado, southern Kansas, northern Iowa, and north- western Indiana; winters from central Chile and central Argentina south to Falkland Islands; casual in migration on Pacific coast from southern British Columbia to Lower California and on Atlantic coast from Maine to New Jersey. Famity RECURVIROSTRIDZ. AvoceTsS AND STILTS. GENUS RECURVIROSTRA LINN Us. Recurvirostra Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 151. Type, by monotypy, Recurvirostra avosetta LINNZUS. Recurviréstra americana GMELIN. Avocet. [225.] Recurvirostra americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 693. (North America.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from eastern Oregon, central Alberta, and southern Manitoba (rarely north to Great Slave Lake) south to southern California, southern New Mexico, northwestern Texas, northern Iowa, and central Wisconsin; winters from southern California and southern Texas to southern Guatemala; casual from Ontario and New Brunswick to Florida and the West Indies, but rare east of Mississippi River. ORDER LIMICOL®. 109 GENUS HIMANTOPUS Brisson. Himantopus Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 33. Type, by tautonymy, [Himan- topus] himantopus Brisson = Charadrius himantopus LINN US. Himantopus mexicanus (MULLER). Black-necked Stilt. [226.] Charadrius mexicanus Mtuuer, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 117. (Mex- ico.) RancEe.— Temperate North America and northern South America. Breeds from central Oregon, northern Utah, and southern Colorado to southern California, southern New Mexico, southern Texas, coast of Louisiana, and in Mexico, and from central Florida and Bahamas throughout the West Indies to northern Brazil and Peru; formerly bred north to New Jersey; winters from southern Lower California, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Florida south through Central America and the West Indies to northern Brazil, Peru, and the Galapagos; casual north in migration to Nebraska, Wisconsin, and New Brunswick. Famity SCOLOPACIDA. Snipes, SANDPIPERS, ETC. [Genus SCOLOPAX Linn £vs. Scolopax Linnzxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. Type, by subs. desig., Scolopax rusticola LiInN=us (Gray, 1840). Scdlopax rusticola LINN«us. European Woodcock. [227.] Scolopax rusticola LinN=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 146. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic Circle to Great Britain, Russia, Siberia, and mountains of Europe and Asia, and also in the Azores, Canary, and Madeira islands; winters in Great Britain, southern Europe, northern Africa, China, and India; occasional in eastern North America from Newfoundland to Virginia. ] 110 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS PHILOHELA Gray. Philohela Gray, List Gen. Birds, ed. 2, 1841, 90. Type, by orig. desig., Scolopax minor GMELIN. Philéhela minor (GMELIN). Woodcock. [228]. Scolopax minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 661. (New York.) RanGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds from northeastern North Dakota, southern Manitoba, northern Michigan, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to southern Kansas, southern Louisi- ana, and northern Florida; winters from southern Missouri, the Ohio Valley, and New Jersey (rarely Massachusetts) south to Texas and southern Florida; ranges casually to Saskatchewan, Keewatin, Colo- rado, Newfoundland, and Bermuda. GENUS GALLINAGO Kocu. Gallinago Kocu, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 312. Type, by tautonymy, Gallinago media Kocu = Scolopazx gallinago LINN&US. [Gallinégo gallinago (LINNmUs). European Snipe. [229.] Scolopaz gallinago Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Sweden.) Ranee.— Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Great Britain, Iceland, northern Europe, and Siberia to latitude 70°, and in mountains of Europe and Asia; winters in Great Britain, southern Europe, northern Africa, India, China, and the Philippines; casual in Greenland; accidental in Bermuda.] Gallinago delicéta (OrD). Wilson’s Snipe. ([230.] Scolopax delicata Orv, Reprint of Wiuson’s Orn., IX, 1825, cexviii. (Pennsylvania. ) Rance.— North America and northern South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to northern California, southern Colo- rado, northern Iowa, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey; ORDER LIMICOL®. 111 winters from northern California, New Mexico, Arkansas, and North Carolina through Central America and West Indies to Colombia and southern Brazil; remains in winter casually and locally north to Washington, Montana, Nebraska, Illinois, and Nova Scotia; acci- dental in Hawaii, Bermuda, and Great Britain. [Gallinago média (LATHAM). Great Snipe. [230.1.] Scolopax media LatHaM, Suppl. Gen. Synopsis, I, 1787, 292. (Lanca- shire, England.) RancGEe.— Northern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from Prussia, Russia, and Siberia north to beyond latitude 71°; winters from the Mediterranean to South Africa; in migration from Great Britain to Persia; accidental in Canada.] GENUS MACRORHAMPHUS T. Forster. Macrorhamphus Forster, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 22. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax grisea GMELIN. Macrorhamphus griseus (GMELIN). Ranae.— North and South America. a. Macrorhamphus griseus griseus (GMELIN). Dowitcher. [231.] Scolopax grisea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 11, 1789, 658. (Coast of New York.) RancGe.— Eastern North and South America. Breeding range unknown, but probably northern Ungava; winters from Florida and the West Indies south to northern Brazil; in migration regularly on the Atlantie coast, and occasionally in Illinois, Indiana, and Ontario; accidental in Greenland, Bermuda, Great Britain, and France. b. Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. [232.] Limosa scolopacea Say, in Lone’s Exped., I, 1823, 170. (Near Boyer Creek [near Council Bluffs, Iowa].) Rance.— Western North America and South America. Breeds from Point Barrow tc mouth of the Yukon, east to northwestern Mackenzie; winters from Louisiana, Florida, and Mexico south, probably to South America; in migra- tion most abundant in western Mississippi Valley; casual on the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts southward and on the northern coast of eastern Siberia. {12 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS MICROPALAMA Barrp. Micropalama Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., TX, 1858, 726. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa himantopus BONAPARTE. Micropdlama himantopus (BONAPARTE). Stilt Sandpiper. [233.] Tringa himantopus Bonaparte, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., II, 1826, 157. (Long Branch, New Jersey.) RancGEe.— North and South America. Breeds near the coast of Mackenzie and probably south to central Keewatin; winters in South America south to Uruguay and Chile; casual in winter in southern Texas and Mexico; in migration occurs in western Mississippi Valley, West Indies, and Central America; less common on the Atlantic coast, and casual in British Columbia, Newfoundland, and Bermuda. GeEeNuSs TRINGA LINN Us. Tringa Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. Type, by subs. desig., Tringa canutus LinN&us (Gray, 1840). Tringa canitus LiInnxus. Knot. [234.] Tringa canutus LinNa&xvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern and Southern hemispheres. Breeds from northern Ellesmere Land south to Melville Peninsula and Iceland, and also on Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia; winters south to southern Patagonia, and from the Mediterranean to South Africa, India, Australia, and New Zealand; casual in winter on the Atlantic coast of United States; in migration occurs on the Atlantic coast of North America and over most of the Eastern Hemisphere; rare in the inte- rior of North America and on the Pacific coast. Genus ARQUATELLA Bairp. Arquatella Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., [X, 1858, 717. Type, by monotypy, Tringa maritima BRUNNICH. ORDER LIMICOL. ile Arquatélla maritima (BRUNNICH). Rance.— Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. Arquatella maritima maritima (BRUNNicH). Purple Sandpiper. [235.] Tringa maritima Brtnnicu, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 54. (Christiansde Island, and Norway.) Ranece.— Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Melville Island, Ellesmere Land, and northern Greenland south to Melville Peninsula, Cumberland Sound, and southern Greenland, and in Norway, Russia, Siberia, Iceland, and Faroe Islands; winters from southern Greenland and New Brunswick to Long Island; casual in migration to the Great Lakes, Georgia, Florida, and Bermuda, and in the Eastern Hemisphere south to Great Britain and the Mediterranean. b. Arquatella maritima couési Ripcway. Aleutian Sandpiper. [235a.] Arquatella couest Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, July, 1880, 160. (Attu Island, Aleutian Islands.) Rance.— Alaska. Breeds on the Commander, Aleutian, and Shumagin islands; winters on Commander, Kuril, Kadiak, and Aleutian islands, and Alaska coast south to Sitka; in migration occurs on Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, and at Plover Bay, Siberia. c. Arquatella maritima ptilocnémis (Couns). Pribilof Sandpiper. [235b.] Tringa ptilocnemis Cours, in Evuiot, Rep. Seal Isl. Alaska, 1873 (not paged). (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands.) RanGe.— Alaska. Breeds on St. Lawrence, St. Matthew, and Pribilof islands; winters on coast of southeastern Alaska near Lynn Canal; wanders in migration north to Norton Sound and southwest to Unalaska. GENUS PISOBIA BILLBERG. Pisobia BILLBERG, Syn. Faune Scand., I, ii, 1828, 136. Type, by subs. desig., Tringa minuta LEISLER (A. O. U. Comm., 1908). Pisoébia aurita (LATHAM). Sharp-tailed Sandpiper. ([238.] Tringa aurita LatHaM, Suppl. Index Orn., 1801, Ixvi. (New South Wales.) RancE.— Eastern parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds on the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia; winters in Japan and south to New 114 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Guinea, the Bismark Archipelago, Tonga Islands, Australia, and New Zealand; in fall migration occurs on Kotzebue and Norton sounds, Pribilof, Unalaska, and Queen Charlotte islands; accidental in Hawaii and Great Britain. Pisobia maculata (VIEILLOT). Pectoral Sandpiper. [239.] Tringa maculata Vie1LLotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 465. (Antilles, or southern United States.) RancE.— North and South America. Breeds on the Arctic coast from northern Alaska to mouth of Yukon and northeastern Mackenzie; winters in South America from Peru and Bolivia to northern Chile, Argentina, and central Patagonia; in migration very rare on Pacific coast south of British Columbia, except in Lower California; common in fall migration in Mississippi Valley and on the Atlantic coast, rare in spring; casual in northeastern Siberia, Unalaska, and Greenland; accidental in Hawaii and England. Pisobia fuscicdéllis (ViEILLOT). White-rumped Sandpiper. [240.] Tringa fuscicollis Vin1LLot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XX XIV, 1819, 461. (Paraguay.) RancGe.— North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from northwestern Mackenzie to Cumberland Island; has occurred in summer west to Point Barrow and east to Greenland; winters from Paraguay to southern Patagonia and the Falkland Islands; in migra- tion most abundant in the Mississippi Valley, less so on the Atlantic coast; casual in Bermuda, Great Britain, the West Indies, and Central America. Pisobia bairdi (Cours). Baird’s Sandpiper. [241.] Actodromas bairdii Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 194. (Fort Resolution, Great Slave Lake, Canada.) RanGE.— North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from Point Barrow to northern Keewatin; winters in Chile, Argentina, and Patagonia; occurs regularly in migration from the Rocky Moun- tains to the Mississippi River, and in Central America and northern South America, and irregularly in autumn on the Pacific coast from ORDER LIMICOL®. 115 Alaska to Lower California and on the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to New Jersey; casual in summer in Guerrero, Mexico; accidental in England and South Africa. Pisobia minutilla (ViErLLoT). Least Sandpiper. ([242.] Tringa minutilla Vin1LLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 466. (Nova Scotia to the Antilles.) RancGE.— North and South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, southern Arctic islands, and northern Ungava to Yakutat Bay, Alaska, valley of the Upper Yukon, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, Nova Scotia, and Sable Island; winters from California, Texas, and North Carolina through the West Indies and Central America to Brazil, Chile, and the Galapagos; in migra- tion occurs throughout the United States and west to northeastern Siberia and the Commander Islands, north to Greenland, and in Bermuda; accidental in Europe. [Pisobia damacénsis (HoRSFIELD). Long-toed Stint. [242.1.] Totanus damacensis Hors¥FiELD, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, Pt. i, 1821, 192. (Java.) Rancr.— Eastern Asia to Australia. Breeds in eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and Kuril Islands; winters in India, Burma, Malay Archipelago, and Australia; accidental on Otter Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.] GENUS PELIDNA CovIER. Pelidna Cuvier, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 490, Type, by subs. desig., Tringa cinclus LINNxUS, 1766 = Tringa alpina Linnamvs, 1758 (Gray, 1840). Pelidna alpina (LINN £Us). RanceE.— Breeds in the northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter to the shores of the Mediterranean and Red seas, the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Lower California. 116 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [a. Pelidna alpina alpina (Linnamus). Dunlin. ([243.] Tringa alpina Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (‘‘ Lapponia.’’) Ranae.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Scotland, Iceland, Russia, and Siberia north to latitude 74°; winters from Great Britain, Holland, and the Caspian Sea to northern Africa and Caleutta; accidental in eastern North America (Massachusetts, New York, and District of Columbia).] b. Pelidna alpina sakhalina (Vie1tLoT). Red-backed Sandpiper. [243a.] Scolopax sakhalina VimiuutotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., III, 1816, 359. (Sakhalin Island, Okhotsk Sea.) RancGe.— North America and eastern Asia. Breeds on the northern coast of Siberia west to mouth of the Yenisei, and from Point Barrow to mouth of Yukon, and in Boothia and Melville peninsulas, and northern Ungava; win- ters on the Pacific coast from Washington to southern Lower California and from New Jersey (rarely Massachusetts) south to Louisiana and southern Texas, and in Asia from China and Japan to the Malay Archipelago; rare in migration in the interior of the United States except about the southern end of Lake Michigan. GeENus EROLIA VIEILLOT. Erolia VieiuioT, Analyse, 1816, 55. Type, by monotypy, Erolia varie- gata ViniLLot = Tringa ferruginea BRUNNICH. Erolia ferruginea (BRUNNICH). Curlew Sandpiper. [244.] Tringa ferruginea BrtnnicH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 53. (Iceland and Christiansée Island.) RanGE.— Chiefly Eastern Hemisphere; occasional in North and South America. Breeds in the Yenisei delta and on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia; winters in Africa, India, Malay Archipelago, and Australia; in migration occurs from Great Britain to China and the Philippines; occasional in North America: Alaska (Point Barrow), Ontario, Nova Scotia, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey, and in the West Indies and Patagonia. ORDER LIMICOL®. 117 [GENUS EURYNORHYNCHUS Nitsson. Eurynorhynchus Nixtsson, Orn. Suecica, II, 1821, 29. Type, by mono- typy, Eurynorhynchus griseus Nitsson = Platalea pygmea LINN Us. Eurynorhynchus pygméus (LINN&us). Spoon-bill Sandpiper. [245.] Platalea pygmea Linna&us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 140. (‘Suri- nami.”? = eastern Asia.) RancE.— Eastern Asia. Summers and presumably breeds in northeastern Siberia; winters in southern and southeastern Asia; casual on Choris Peninsula, Alaska.] GENUS EREUNETES ILticer. Ereunetes ILuiGER, Prodromus, 1811, 262. Type, by monotypy, Ere- unetes petrificatus ILLIGER = Tringa pusilla LINNmUS. Ereunétes pusillus (LINNxus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. [246.] Tringa pusilla Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 252. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) RancE.— North and South America. Breeds from the Arctic coast of North America south to mouth of Yukon and to southern Ungava; winters from 'Texas and South Carolina through West Indies and Central America to Patagonia; migrates mainly east of the Rocky Mountains; casual in British Columbia, Pribilof Islands, and north- eastern Siberia; accidental in Europe. Ereunetes matiri CABANIS. Western Sandpiper. [247.] Ereunetes mauri CaBANIs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 419. (Cuba.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds along the Alaska coast from Kotzebue Sound to mouth of Yukon; winters from North Carolina to Florida, and from southern Lower California to Vene- zuela; in migration occurs mainly west of the Rocky Mountains, but also on the Atlantic coast as far north as Massachusetts and in the West Indies. 118 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENus CALIDRIS ILuIGEr. Calidris InuicER, Prodromus, 1811, 249. Type, by monotypy, Char- adrius calidris LINNEUS = Tringa leucophea Pauuas. Calidris leucophéa (PaLuas). Sanderling. [248.] Tringa leucophea Pauuas, in Vroeg’s Catal., 1764, 32. (North coast of Holland.) RanceE.— Northern and Southern hemispheres. Breeds from Mel- ville Island, Ellesmere Land, and northern Greenland to Point Bar- row, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Iceland, and in northern Siberia; winters from central California, Texas, Virginia, and Bermuda to Patagonia, and casually to Massachusetts and Washington; also from the Mediterranean, Burma, and Japan to South Africa and various Pacific islands, including Hawaii. GeENuS LIMOSA Brisson. Limosa Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 261. Type, by tautonymy, [Limosa] limosa Brisson = Scolopaz limosa LINN&Us. Limésa fédoa (LINN&us). Marbled Godwit. [249.] Scolopaz fedoa Linnxws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 146. (Hudson Bay.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from valley of the Saskatchewan south to North Dakota (formerly to lowa and Wisconsin); winters from southern Lower California, Louisiana, Florida, and Georgia to Guate- mala and Belize; casual in California in winter; in migration occurs on the Pacific coast north to British Columbia, and on the Atlantic coast to the Maritime Provinces (formerly) and south to the Lesser Antilles; accidental in Alaska. Limosa lappénica (LINN £Us). Rance.— Arctic Europe and Asia, south in winter to northern Africa, Malay Archipelago, Australia, and New Zealand. ORDER LIMICOL®. 119 a. (Limosa lapponica lapponica. Extralimital.] b. Limosa lapponica bateri NaumANN. Pacific Godwit. [250.] Limosa baueri NAUMANN, Naturg. Végel Deutschl., VIII, 1836, 429. (Australia.) RanGeE.— Eastern Asia to New Zealand. Breeds in eastern Siberia and Kamchatka and in western Alaska from Kotzebue Sound to Unalaska; winters in the Malay Archipelago, Australia, New Zealand and Oceanica; migrates through China, Japan, and the Philippines; casual in migration north to Point Barrow; accidental in Hawaii and Lower California. Limosa hemastica (LINN&us). Hudsonian Godwit. [251.] Scolopax hemastica Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Hudson Bay.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from the lower Anderson River southeast to central Keewatin; winters in Argentina, Patagonia, and the Falkland Islands; in migration occurs principally east of the Great Plains, most commonly on the Atlantic coast in autumn and in the Mississippi Valley in spring; casual in Alaska. [Limosa limésa (LINNm=us). Black-tailed Godwit. [252.] Scolopax limosa Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 147. (Sweden.) RanGeE.— Northern parts of the Old World. Breeds from at least as far north as the Arctic Circle to Iceland, Holland, Russia, and Siberia; winters in the Mediterranean region; accidental in Green- land.] [GENUS GLOTTIS Kocn. Glottis Kocu, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 304. Type, by tautonymy, Totanus glottis BecHsTEIN = Scolopax nebularia GUNNERUS. Glottis nebularia (GUNNERUS). Green-shank. [253.] Scolopax nebularia GUNNERUS, in LEEM, Beskr. Finm. Lapper, 1767, 251 (note). (District of Trondhjem, Norway.) Rance.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in northern Europe and Asia; winters from the Mediterranean and China to Australia and southern Africa; accidental in Florida.] 120 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS TOTANUS BecustTEIN. Totanus BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., II, 1803, 282. Type, by tautonymy, Totanus maculatus BrcusTEIn = Scolopax totanus LINN2&US. Tétanus melanoleticus (GMELIN). Greater Yellow-legs. [254.] Scolopax melanoleuca GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (Chateau Bay, Labrador.) RanGeE.— North and South America. Breeds from Lake Iliamna, Alaska, and southern Mackenzie to southern British Columbia, Ungava, Labrador, and Anticosti Island; winters from southern California, Texas, Louisiana, and Georgia (casually North Carolina) south to Patagonia; occurs in Bermuda in migration. Totanus flavipes (GMELIN). Yellow-legs. [255.] Scolopaz flavipes GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (New York.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava to the valley of the Upper Yukon, southern Saskatchewan, and northern Quebec; winters in Argentina, Chile, and Patagonia, and casually in Mexico, Florida, and the Bahamas; in migration occurs mainly east of Rocky Mountains (rare in spring on the Atlantic coast) and in the Pribilof Islands, Greenland, and Bermuda; acci- dental in Great Britain. GENUS HELODROMAS Kavp. Helodromas Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 144. Type, by monotypy, Tringa ocrophus LINN&US. Helédromas solitarius (WiLson). RancE.— Northern North America, south in winter to southern South America. ORDER LIMICOL. 121 a. Helodromas solitarius solitarius (WILSON). Solitary Sandpiper. [256.] Tringa solitaria Witson, Amer. Orn., VII, 1813, 53, pl. 58, fig. 3. (Prob- ably Pennsylvania.) Ranee.— North and South America. Summers from central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania; probably breeds regularly in the northern part of its range, locally and casually in the southern part; winters from the West Indies to Argentina; recorded from Greenland, Bermuda, and Great Britain. b. Helodromas solitarius cinnamémeus (Brewster). Western Solitary Sandpiper. ([256a.] Totanus solitarius cinnamomeus Brewster, Auk, VII, Oct., 1890, 377. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) RancGE.— Western North and South America. Summers from Kotzebue Sound and Great Bear Lake south to Washington and Colorado, but probably breeds only casually in the United States; winter home unknown, probably in northern South America. [Helodromas 6crophus (LINN&us). Green Sandpiper. [257.] Tringa ocrophus LINN&=US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) Rance.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in the northern parts of Europe and Asia; winters from southern Europe and China to Africa and the Malay Archipelago; accidental in Nova Scotia.] [Genus RHYACOPHILUS Kavp. Rhyacophilus Kaup, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 140. Type, by subs. desig., T’ringa glareola LinN=us (Gray, 1842). Rhyacéphilus glaréola (LINN«uS). Wood Sandpiper. [257.1.] Tringa glareola LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) RanceE.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Europe and northern Asia; south in winter to Africa, India, the Malay region, and Austra- lia; accidental in Alaska.] 122 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GeEeNus CATOPTROPHORUS Bonaparte. Catoptrophorus BONAPARTE, Ann. Lyc. N. H.N. Y., II, 1827, 323. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax semipalmata GMELIN. Catoptroéphorus semipalmatus (GMELIN). RanGcE.— Temperate North America, south in winter to South America. a. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus (GMELIN). Willet. ([258.] Scolopax semipalmata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 659. (New York.) Ranee.— North and South America. Breeds from Virginia (formerly Nova Scotia) south to Florida and the Bahamas; winters from the Bahamas to Brazil and Peru; accidental in Bermuda and Europe. b. Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inorndtus (BREwsTER). Western Willet. [258a.] Symphemia semipalmata inornata BREwsTER, Auk, IV, April, 1887, 145. (Larimer Co., Colorado.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from central Oregon, southern Alberta, and southern Manitoba south to northern California, central Colorado, southern South Dakota, and northern Iowa, and on the coasts of Texas and Louisiana; winters from central California, Texas, Louisiana, and Gulf coast of Florida to Mexico (Lower California, Tepic, and Guerrero); in fall migration occurs in British Columbia and on the Atlantic coast from New England south. GENUS HETERACTITIS STEJNEGER. Heteractitis StrsneGcER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 236. Type, by monotypy, Scolopax incanus GMELIN. Heteractitis incanus (GMELIN). Wandering Tattler. ([259.] Scolopax incanus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 658. (Eimeo [or Moorea] Island, Society group, and Palmerston Island, Pacific Ocean.) RanGE.— Coasts and islands of the Pacific, interior Alaska, and Yukon Territory. Breeds from south central Alaska (Mt. McKinley) to east central Yukon (Macmillan River) and south to Prince William Sound; occurs west to Norton Sound and northern Siberia; winters ORDER LIMICOL. 123 from Lower California to the Galapagos, in Hawaii and Oceanica; east in migration to Crater Lake, Oregon. [Genus MACHETES Covier. Machetes Cuvier, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 490. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa pugnax LINN&XUS. Machétes pignax (LINN#@us). Ruff. ([260.] Tringa pugnax Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Sweden.) Rance.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic coast south to Great Britain, Holland, Russia, and Siberia; winters throughout Africa, India, and Burma; strays occasionally to the Western Hemi- sphere, from Ontario and Greenland south to Indiana, North Caro- lina, Barbados, and northern South America. ] GENUS BARTRAMIA Lesson. Bartramia Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1831, 553. Type, by monotypy, Bartramia laticauda Lesson = Tinga longicauda BECHSTEIN. Bartramia longicatida (BECHSTEIN). Upland Plover. ([261.] Tringa longicauda BEcHSTEIN, in LatHam, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, IV, ii, 1812, 453. (North America.) RanGE.— North and South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Wisconsin, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, and southern Maine to south- ern Oregon, northern Utah, central Oklahoma, southern Missouri, southern Indiana, and northern Virginia; winters on the pampas of South America to Argentina; in migration occurs north to Newfound- land and in Europe; accidental in Australia. GENUS TRYNGITES CaBsanis. Tryngites CaBANIs, Journ. fiir Orn., 1856, 418. Type, by orig. desig., Tringa rufescens VinitLLoT = Tinga subruficollis Vre1uuot. 124 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Tryngites subruficéllis (VirILLoT). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. [262.] Tringa subruficollis VrertLotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 465. (Paraguay.) RancEe.— North and South America. Breeds along the Arctic coast from northern Alaska to northern Keewatin; winters in Argen- tina and Uruguay; most abundant in migration in the Mississippi Valley; occasional on the Atlantic coast in fall; casual on the Pacific coast north to St. Michael, Alaska, and to northeastern Siberia; straggles to Bermuda and frequently to western Europe. Genus ACTITIS Iniicer. Actitis ILLIGER, Prodromus, 1811, 262. Type, by subs. desig., Tringa hypoleucos Linnzus (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). Actitis maculéria (LINN&us). Spotted Sandpiper. ([263.] Tringa macularia Linn.=vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 249. (Pennsyl- vania.) RanceE.— North and South America. Breeds from tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern California, Arizona, southern Texas, southern Louisiana, and northern South Carolina; winters from California, Louisiana, and South Carolina to southern Brazil and central Peru; straggles to Great Britain and Helgoland. GENUS NUMENIUS Brisson. Numenius Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 311. Type, by tautonymy, [Nwmen- ius] numenius Brisson = Scolopax arquata LINN&EUS. Numénius americénus BECHSTEIN. Long-billed Curlew. [264.] Numenius americanus BECHSTEIN, in LatHaM, Allg. Ueb. Végel, IV, ii, 1812, 4382. (New York.) RancE.— North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and Manitoba to northeastern California, ORDER LIMICOLE. 125 northern New Mexico, and northwestern Texas; winters from central California and southern Arizona south to Guatemala, and on the Atlantic coast from South Carolina to Florida, Louisiana, and Texas; formerly a regular migrant north to Massachusetts and rarely to New- foundland, now a straggler east of the Mississippi, north of Florida; casual in the West Indies. Numenius hudsénicus LarHam. MHudsonian Curlew. [265.] Numenius hudsonicus LatHaM, Index Orn., II, 1790, 712. (Hudson Bay.) RanceE.— North and South America. Breeds on the coast of Alaska from mouth of Yukon to Kotzebue Sound, and on the coast of north- ern Mackenzie; winters from Lower California to southern Honduras, from Ecuador to southern Chile, and from British Guiana to mouth of the Amazon; migrates mainly along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts; rare in the interior; casual on the Pribilof Islands and in Greenland and Bermuda; accidental in Spain. Numenius borealis (J. R. Forster). Eskimo Curlew. [266.] Scolopax borealis Forstrr, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 431. (Fort Albany, Hudson Bay.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds on the Barren Grounds of northern Mackenzie; winters in Argentina and Patago- nia; now nearly extinct. [Numenius pheopus (LINN&us). Whimbrel. ([267.] Scolopar pheopus LINN=Uvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 146. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in Iceland, northern Seandinavia, and Russia north to the Arctic Circle; winters in Africa and India; occasional in Greenland; one record for Nova Scotia.] Numenius tahitiénsis (GMELIN). Bristle-thighed Curlew. [268.] Scolopax tahitiensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 656. (Tahiti, Society Islands.) RancGE.— Alaska and Pacific islands. Breeding range unknown; has been taken in summer in western Alaska from Kowak River to 126 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Kenai Peninsula; also on Laysan and Phoenix islands; winters on islands of the South Pacific from Hawaii to New Caledonia. Famity CHARADRIIDA. PLovenrs. GENUS VANELLUS Brisson. Vanellus Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 94. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa vanellus LINNAEUS. Vanéllus vanéllus (LINN us). Lapwing. [269.] Tringa vanellus LINN=US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Sweden.) RancGE.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from the Arctic Circle south to central Europe and China; winters south to northern Africa and India; casual in Greenland, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Long Island, New York, the Bahamas, and Barbados. [Genus EUDROMIAS Breum. Eudromias C. L. Breum, Isis, XXIII, 1830, 987. Type, by monotypy, Charadrius morinellus LINN&XUS. Eudr6émias morinéllus (Linn&us). Dotterel. [269.1.] Charadrius morinellus Linnmwus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. (Sweden.) Rance.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds in the Alps, Great Britain, Scandinavia, and Siberia; winters in southern Europe and northern Africa; accidental on King Island, Alaska, and in Japan.] Grenus SQUATAROLA CovIER. Squatarola Cuvier, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 467. Type, by tautonymy, Tringa squatarola LiINN2ZUS. Squatérola squatdrola (LINN&us). Black-bellied Plover. ([270.] Tringa squatarola Linn=vus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 149. (Sweden.) ORDER LIMICOLZ. 127 RancE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds on the Arctic coast from Point Barrow to Boothia and Melville peninsulas, and also on the Arctic coast of Russia and Siberia; winters from the Mediterranean to South Africa, in India and Australia, and from California, Louisi- ana, and North Carolina to Brazil and Peru; in migration occurs throughout the United States and in Greenland and Bermuda; acci- dental in Hawaii. GENUS CHARADRIUS LINN us. Charadrius Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. Type, by subs. desig., Charadrius pluvialis LINN=US = Charadrius apricarius LINN2ZUS (Gray, 1840). [Charadrius apricdrius LINN&us. European Golden Plover. ([271.] Charadrius apricarius LINN2ZUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. (Oland Island, Sweden.) Rance.— Northern part of the Old World. Breeds from Great Britain and central Europe to Iceland, Norway, and northwestern Siberia; winters south to northern Africa and southern Asia; casual in Greenland.] Charadrius dominicus (MitLLERr). RancEe.— Nearly cosmopolitan. Breeds in the Arctic regions; in winter south to the southern part of the Southern Hemisphere. a. Charadrius dominicus dominicus (MLLER). Golden Plover. [272.] Charadrius dominicus MULLER, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 116. (Santo Domingo, West Indies.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound along the Arctic coast to mouth of the Mackenzie, and from Melville Island, Welling- ton Channel, and Melville Peninsula south to northwestern Hudson Bay; winters on the pampas of Brazil and Argentina; migrates south across the Atlantic from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; a few pass south through the Mississippi Valley, and all migrate north by this route; in migration to Cali- fornia, Greenland, and Bermuda; formerly abundant, now becoming rare. b. Charadrius dominicus falvus Gmeuin. Pacific Golden Plover. (272a.] Charadrius fulvus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 687. (Tahiti, Society Islands.) 128 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGeE.— Eastern Asia and Alaska to New Zealand. Breeds in northern Siberia from Liakof Island to Bering Strait, and in Alaska along the coast of Bering Sea; winters in the Hawaiian Islands, China, Oceanica, New Zealand, and Australia. GENUS OXYECHUS REICHENBACH. Oxyechus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xviii. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius vociferus LINN&US. Oxyéchus vociferus (LINN&us). Killdeer. [273.] Charadrius vociferus LINN2US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. (Virginia and Carolina.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and central Quebec south to the Gulf coast and central Mexico; winters from California, Arizona, Texas, Indiana, New Jersey, and Bermuda south to Vene- zuela and Peru; casual in Newfoundland, Paraguay, and Chile; acci- dental in Great Britain. GENUS ASGIALITIS Bole. 4igialitis Born, Isis, X, 1822, 558. Type, by subs. desig., Charadrius hiaticula Linnaus (Gray, 1855). égialitis semipalmata (BoNaPARTE). Semipalmated Plover. [274.] Charadrius semipalmatus BoNAPARTE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, 98. (Coast of New Jersey.) RanceE.— North and South America. Breeds from Melville Island, Wellington Channel, and Cumberland Sound to the valley of the Upper Yukon, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and Gulf of St. Lawrence; winters from southern Lower California, Louisiana, and South Carolina to Patagonia, Chile, and the Galapagos; casual in Siberia, Greenland, and Bermuda. V ARgialitis hiaticula (LINN*us). Ringed Plover. [275.] Charadrius hiaticula Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 150. (Sweden.) ORDER LIMICOL. 129 RanGE.— Eastern Arctic America and Old World. Breeds from central Europe and Turkestan to Siberia, Spitzbergen, Iceland, Greenland, and Cumberland Sound; winters on shores of the Medi- terranean and throughout Africa; accidental in Barbados, Chile, India, and Australia. [ Hegialitis dabia (Scoporr). Little Ringed Plover. [276.] Charadrius (dubius) Scopout, Del. Flore et Faune Insubr., II, 1786, 93. (Luzon Island, Philippines.) RancGE.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from southern Europe, central Asia, and Japan to northern Siberia and Europe; winters south to central Africa, India, and the Malay Archipelago; accidental in Alaska and California.] égialitis meloda (OrD). Piping Plover. [277.] Charadrius melodus Orp, Reprint of Witson’s Orn., VII, 1842, 71. (Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds locally from southern Saskatchewan, southern Ontario, Magdalen Islands, and Nova Scotia south to central Nebraska, northwestern Indiana, Lake Erie, New Jersey (formerly), and Virginia; winters on the coast of the United States from Texas to Georgia, and in northern Mexico; casual in migration to Newfoundland, the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Bermuda. égialitis nivésa Cassin. Snowy Plover. [278.] Aigialitis nivosa Cassin, in Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 696. (Presidio, near San Francisco, California.) ‘s RancGE.— Western United States to South America. Breeds from central California, northern Utah, and southern Kansas south to northern Lower California and southern Texas; winters from southern California and Texas south along both coasts of Central America, and on the west coast to Chile; casual in Oregon, Wyoming, Ontario, Louisiana, Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, Venezuela, and Brazil. v [Mgialitis méngola (PaLLAs). Mongolian Plover. ([279.] Charadrius mongolus Pauuas, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 700. (Kul- ussutai, probably on the Onon River, Siberia.) 130 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Eastern Asia to Australia. Breeds in northeastern Siberia and the Commander Islands; winters from the Philippines to Austra- lia; accidental on Choris Peninsula, Alaska.] GENus OCHTHODROMUS ReEIcHENBACH. Ochthodromus REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xviii. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius wilsonia Orv. Ochthédromus wilsénius (OrD). Wilson’s Plover. ([280.] Charadrius wilsonia ORD, in Witson, Amer. Orn., IX, 1814, 77, pl. 73, fig. 5. (‘Shore of Cape Island,’”’ New Jersey.) RaNGE.— Southern North America. Breeds from Texas eastward along the Gulf coast, and from southeastern Virginia (formerly New Jersey) south to the northern Bahamas; winters from southern Lower California, Texas, and Florida south to southern Guatemala and probably to the West Indies; casual in Nova Scotia and New Eng- land, and at San Diego, California. GENUS PODASOCYS Covues. Podasocys Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 96. Type, by orig. desig., Charadrius montanus TOWNSEND. Podasécys montanus (J. K. TowNsEND). Mountain Plover. [281.] Charadrius montanus TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 192. (Central tableland of Rocky Mountains, near Sweetwater River, Wyoming.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from northern Mon- tana and western Nebraska south to northern New Mexico and north- western Texas; winters from northern California and southern Texas to southern Lower California and central Mexico; accidental in Florida. ORDER LIMICOL®. 131 Famity APHRIZIDZ. Surr-spirps AND TURNSTONES. SuBFAMILY APHRIZINAS. Surr-sBirps. GENUS APHRIZA AupDUBON. Aphriza AupuBon, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 249. Type, by monotypy, Aphriza townsendi AUDUBON = Tringa virgata GMELIN. Aphriza virgéta (GMELIN). Surf-bird. [282.] Tringa virgata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 674. (“Sandwich Sound”’ = Prince William Sound, Alaska.) RancGE.— Pacific coast of North and South America. Breeding range unknown, but probably in the interior of northwestern Alaska; winters in Chile to Straits of Magellan; occurs in migration from Kowak River, Alaska, to southern South America. SupramMity ARENARIINA:. TurNstTones. GENUS ARENARIA Brisson. Arenaria Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 132. Type, by tautonymy, [Arenaria] arenaria Brisson = Tringa interpres LINN&XUS. Arenaria intérpres (LINN Us). RancGEe.— Nearly cosmopolitan. a. Arenaria interpresinterpres (LINNmUS). Turnstone. [283.] Tringa interpres Linna&us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 148. (Islands of Gothland, Sweden.) Rance.— Old World. Breeds in western Alaska from Point Barrow to the Yukon delta, and in western Greenland, Scandinavia, northern Russia, Siberia, and Japan; winters on the coasts of Europe and Asia to south Africa, Australia, and Oceanica. b. Arenaria interpres morinélla (LINNmuUsS). Ruddy Turnstone. [283a.] Tringa morinella LInNN&=US, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 249. (Coast of Florida.) 132 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance.— North and South America. Breeds on Arctic shores from Mackenzie River east, probably to Melville Peninsula, and north to Melville Island; winters from central California, Texas, Louisiana, and South Caro- lina to southern Brazil and central Chile. Arenaria melanocéphala (Vicors). Black Turnstone. ([284.] Strepsilas melanocephalus Vicors, Zool. Journ., IV, Jan., 1829, 356. (Northwest coast of North America.) Rance.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Kotzebue Sound south to valley of Lower Yukon; winters from British Columbia south to Santa Margarita Island, Lower California; casual north to Point Barrow, Alaska, and to northeastern Siberia; accidental in India. FamMity HASMATOPODIDA. OvysTER-CATCHERS. GENUS HAXMATOPUS Linn ws. Hematopus Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. Type, by mon- otypy, Hematopus ostralegus LINN&US. [Hematopus ostralegus LINN&us. European Oyster-catcher. [285.] Hematopus ostralegus LINN&US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. (“Olan- die & Gotlandiz.’’) RancGE.— Europe, Africa, and India. Breeds from the Arctic Circle to the coasts of Europe, the Black Sea, and Turkestan; winters southward to the coasts of central Africa and India; occasional in Greenland.] Hematopus palliatus TrEmMMINCK. Oyster-catcher. [286.] Hematopus palliatus TemMMiIncK, Manuel d’Orn., ed. 2, II, 1820, 532. (South America.) RanGE.— Coasts of North and South America from Texas, Louis- iana, and Virginia (formerly New Jersey) south on both coasts of Mexico to the West Indies, southern Brazil, and central Chile; cas- ual north to New Brunswick. Breeds probably throughout its range. ORDER LIMICOLE. 133 Hematopus frazari BREwsTER. Frazar’s Oyster-catcher. [286.1.] Hematopus frazari Brewster, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 84. (Carmen Island, Gulf of California.) RanGE.— Both coasts of Lower California, rarely north to Ventura County, California; casual on the coast of northwestern Mexico. Hematopus bichmani AupuBOoN. Black Oyster-catcher. ([287.] Hematopus bachmanit AupuBoN, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 427, fig. 1. (Mouth of Columbia River.) RanGE.— Pacific coast of North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound, Alaska, west throughout Aleutian Islands and south to central Lower California; winters from southern British Columbia to Lower California. Famity JACANIDZ. JacaNnas. Genus JACANA Brisson. Jacana Brisson, Orn., V, 1760, 121. Type, by tautonymy, [Jacana] jacana Brisson = Parra jacana LINN&SUS. Suscpenus ASARCIA SHARPE. Asarcia SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, 86. Type, by monotypy, Parra variabilis Linnzus = Fulica spinosa LINNXUS. Jacina spindsa (LINN=uS). Mexican Jacana. [288.] Fulica spinosa Linnavs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 152. (Cartagena, Colombia.) RaneGE.— Rio Grande Valley, Texas, southern Florida, and the Greater Antilles to Mazatlan, Mexico, and Panama. 134 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER GALLINA. GALLINACEOUS BIRDS. SUBORDER PHASIANI. Puerasants, GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, QUAILS, ETC. Famity ODONTOPHORIDZ. Bos-wHITEsS, QUAILS, ETC. GENUS COLINUS Go.Lpruss. Colinus Goutpruss, Handbuch Zool., II, 1820, 220. Type, by monotypy, “Perdix mexicanus, Caille de la Louisiana, Pl. Enl. 149” = Tetrao virginianus LINN US. Colinus virginianus (LINN &Us). RanGe.— Eastern North America from South Dakota and southern Maine to Florida, the Gulf coast, Texas, and eastern Mexico. a. Colinus virginianus virginianus (LinNmus). Bob-white. [289.] Tetrao virginianus LInN.xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 161. (Carolina.) Rance.— Upper Sonoran and southern half of Transition zones of eastern North America from South Dakota, southern Minnesota, southern Ontario, and southwestern Maine south to eastern and northern Texas, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida west to eastern Colorado; introduced in central Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, California, Oregon, and Washington. b. Colinus virginianus floridanus (Cours). Florida Bob-white. [289a.] Ortyx virginianus var. floridanus Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 237. (Enterprise, Volusia Co., Florida.) Rance.— Florida, except extreme northern part. c. Colinus virginianus texadnus (LAWRENCE). Texas Bob-white. [289b.] Ortyx texanus LAwreNce#, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1853, 1. (Near Ringgold Barracks, Texas.) Rance.— Southeastern corner of New Mexico to southern Texas, and south through northeastern Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to central Tamaulipas. ORDER GALLIN2®. 135 Colinus ridgwayi BreEwsTER. Masked Bob-white. [291.] Colinus ridgwayt Brewster, Auk, II, April, 1885, 199. (18 miles south- west of Sasabe, which is 50 miles west of Nogales, Sonora, Mexico.) Rance.— Middle part of southern border of Arizona south to central northern Sonora. GENUS OREORTYX Barrp. Oreortyx Bartrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 642. Type, by orig. desig., Ortyx picta Douauas. Oreértyx picta (Douatas). RanGEe.— Western Oregon, California, and northern Lower Cali- fornia. a. Oreortyx picta picta (DouacLas). Mountain Quail. [292.] Ortyx picta Dovuetas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 143. (Interior of California.) Rance.— Humid Transition Zone strip of the Pacific coast from southwest- ern Washington south to Monterey County, California; introduced on Van- couver Island. b. Oreortyx picta plumifera (GouLp). Plumed Quail. [292a.] Ortyx plumifera Goutp, Icones Avium, Pt. I, Aug., 1837, pl. 9. (Cali- fornia.) RaneGe.— Semi-arid Transition Zone from west side of Cascade Range in northwestern Oregon south through the Sierra and eastern Coast Ranges of California to Inyo and Ventura counties, and east to extreme western Nevada. c. Oreortyx picta confinis ANrHony. San Pedro Quail. ([292b.] Oreortyx pictus confinis ANTHONY, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 2d ser., IT, Oct. 11, 1889, 74. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, at 8500 feet, Lower Cali- fornia.) RanceE.— San Bernardino and San Gabriel Mountains, southern California, south to Hansen Laguna and San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. GeNus CALLIPEPLA WaAGLER. Callipepla Wacuer, Isis, XXV, 1832, 277. Type, by monotypy, Callhi- pepla strenua WAGLER = Ortyx squamatus VicoRs. 136 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Callipépla squamaéta (Vicors). RanGE.— Southern border of the United States south to the Valley of Mexico. a. Callipepla squamata squamata (Vicors). Scaled Quail. [293.] Ortyx squamatus Vicors, Zool. Journ., V, 1830, 275. (Dry interior of Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from central Arizona to western Texas, north to southern Colorado and over most of the Panhandle of Texas, east nearly to central Texas, and south to the Valley of Mexico. b. Callipepla squamata castanogdstris Brewster. Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail. [(293a.] Callipepla squamata castanogastris BREwsTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VIII, Jan., 1883, 34. (Rio Grande City, Texas.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone of southern Texas, from Eagle Pass and San Antonio south to northern parts of Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. GENUS LOPHORTYX Bonaparte. Lophortyxr BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 42. Type, by subs. desig., Tetrao californicus SHaw (Gray, 1840). Lophértyx calif6rnica (SHAW). RancE.— Pacific coast region from Oregon south to southern Lower California. a. Lophortyx californica californica (SHaw). California Quail. [294.] Tetrao californicus SHaw, Nat. Misc., IX, 1798, pl. 345. (California [San Francisco or Monterey ?].) Rance.— Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of Pacific coast region from southwestern Oregon south to Monterey County, California; introduced into Vancouver Island, Washington, and Colorado. b. Lophortyx californica vallicola (Ripaway). Valley Quail. (294a.] Callipepla californica vallicola Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 355. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.) ORDER GALLINE. 137 RaNnGE.— Subarid Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from the Klamath Lake region, Oregon, south throughout California (except humid coast strip and eastern desert region) to Cape San Lucas, Lower California, and east to mountains of western Nevada Lophortyx gambeli GamMBEL. Gambel’s Quail. [295.] Lophortyx gambelii “ NuttauL’”’ GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1843, 260. (‘Some distance west [= east] of California’ [= southern Nevada].) RanGce.— Lower Sonoran desert region of southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, and southwestern Utah, east to the south- western corner of Colorado, and also in southwestern New Mexico to the Rio Grande Valley and the El Paso region of extreme western Texas, and south into northeastern corner of Lower California and to Guaymas, Sonora. GENUS CYRTONYX Gou.p. Cyrtonyx GouLtp, Monogr. Odontoph., Pt. I, 1844, pl. vii. Type, by subs. desig., Ortyx massena LESSON = O. moniezume@ Viaors (Gray, 1855). Cyrtényx montezime (Vicors). RaNGE.— Central Texas, central New Mexico, and central Arizona south to northern Mexico. a. [Cyrtonyx montezume montezumez. Extralimital.] b. Cyrtonyx montezumz medrnsi Netson. Mearn’s Quail. ([296.] Cyrtonyx montezume mearnsi Nextson, Auk, XVII, July, 1900, 255. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) Rance.— Arid Upper Sonoran and Transition zones from central Arizona and central New Mexico east to central Texas, and south to the mountains of northern Coahuila, Chihuahua, and eastern Sonora. Famity TETRAONIDZ. Grouse, SPRUCE PARTRIDGES, PTARMIGANS, ETC. GENUS DENDRAGAPUS EL ..ior. Dendragapus Exuiot, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 23. Type, by subs. desig., Tetrao obscurus Say (Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, 1874). 138 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Dendragapus obsctirus (Say). RancGE.— Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast regions from the upper Yukon and upper Mackenzie rivers south to the mountains of Cali- fornia and central Arizona. a. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus (Say). Dusky Grouse. [297.] Tetrao obscurus Say, in Lona’s Exped., II, 1823, 14 (note). (Near “ Defile Creek,” about 20 miles north of Colorado Springs, Colorado.) RanGeE.— Rocky Mountains from northern Utah and northern Colorado to central western New Mexico and central Arizona, and west to East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. b. Dendragapus obscurus fuligindsus (Rincway). Sooty Grouse. ([297a.] Canace obscura var. fuliginosa Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 199. (Cascade Mountains, at foot of Mt. Hood, Oregon.) RancE.— Northwest coast mountains from Alaska and southern Yukon to Oregon. c. Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni (Dovucuas). Richardson’s Grouse. [297b.] Tetrao richardsonii Douauas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 141. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 52° N., Long. 115° W.; more numerous in Columbia River region, Lat. 48° N., Long. 118° W.) RancGe.— Rocky Mountains from southwestern Mackenzie to eastern Oregon, Montana, and Wyoming. d. Dendragapus obscurus siérre CHapMAN. Sierra Grouse. [297c.] Dendragapus obscurus sierre CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XX, April 25, 1904, 159. (Echo, El Dorado Co., California.) RanGe.— Fort Klamath, Oregon, south through the mountains of California to Mount Pinos (near Tejon). GENus CANACHITES STEJNEGER. Canachites STEJNEGER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 410. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao canadensis LINN&US. Canachites canadénsis (LINN “Us). RancE.— Wooded regions of Canada and Alaska south to northern border of the United States. ORDER GALLINE. 139 a. Canachites canadensis canadensis (LiINN«wus). Hudsonian Spruce Partridge. [298.] Tetrao canadensis LINN-©US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 159. (Hudson Bay.) RanGE.— Boreal forest region from the eastern base of the Rocky Moun- tains west of Edmonton, Alberta, east to Labrador Peninsula; also a dis- connected area in Alaska from Bristol Bay to Cook Inlet and Prince William Sound. b. Canachites canadensis 6sgoodi Bishop. Alaska Spruce Partridge. [298b.] Canachites canadensis osgoodi BisHop, Auk, XVII, April, 1900, 114. (Lake Marsh, Yukon, Northwest Territory.) Rance.— Mt. McKinley range and the Yukon region east to Great Slave and Athabaska lakes. c. Canachites canadensis cAnace (LinNxus). Canada Spruce Partridge. [298c.] Tetrao canace LINNXUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Canada.) RancE.— Manitoba, southern Ontario, and New Brunswick south to northern parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and New Eng- land. Canachites franklini (DouGLas). Franklin’s Grouse. [299.] Tetrao franklinti Doucuas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 139. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 50°-54° N., near sources of Columbia River; also bases of Mt. Hood, Mt. St. Helens, and Mt. Baker.) RanGE.— Southern Alaska, central British Columbia, and western central Alberta south to northern Oregon, central Idaho, and western Montana. GENUS BONASA STEPHENS. Bonasa STEPHENS, General Zoology, XI, 1819, 298. Type, by subs. desig., Tetrao umbellus Linnxus (Gray, 1840). Bonasa umbéllus (LINN xUus). RancEe.— Wooded regions of Canada and Alaska south to Cali- fornia, Colorado, Kansas, Tennessee, and in the Alleghenies to Georgia. 140 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Bonasa umbellus umbellus (Linnmus). Ruffed Grouse. (300.] Tetrao umbellus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Pennsyl- vania.) Rance.— Eastern United States from Minnesota, Michigan, southern New York, and southern Vermont south to eastern Kansas, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia, and in the Alleghenies to northern Georgia. b. Bonasa umbellus togata (Linn#zus). Canada Ruffed Grouse. [300a.] Tetrao togatus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 275. (Canada.) Ranee.— Central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Nova Scotia south to Manitoba, northern Michigan, northern Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, and in the mountains of New York, western Massachusetts, and northern Connecticut; birds indistinguishable from the eastern form occur from east central British Columbia south to eastern Oregon and central Idaho. c. Bonasa umbellus umbelloides (Doucias). Gray Ruffed Grouse. [300b.] Tetrao umbelloides Douauas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 148. (Valleys. of Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54° N., near sources of Peace River.) RanceE.— Norton Sound, Alaska, east to central Yukon and west central Mackenzie, and south to northern Utah, northern Colorado, and western South Dakota. d. Bonasa umbellus sébini (Doucias). Oregon Ruffed Grouse. (300c.] Tetrao sabini Dovauas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVI, Pt. I, 1829, 137. (Coast of North-west America, between Lat. 40° and 49° N., from Cape Mendocino to Vancouver Island.) RancGE.— Coast ranges from southern Alaska to Humboldt County, Cali- fornia. GENUS LAGOPUS Brisson. Lagopus Brisson, Orn., I, 1760, 181. Type, by tautonymy, [Lagopus] lagopus Brisson = Tetrao lagopus Linn=vs. Lagépus lagépus (LINN xUs). RanGE.— Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. Lagopus lagopus lagopus (Linnm=us). Willow Ptarmigan. ([301.] Tetrao lagopus Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 159. (Lapland.) ORDER GALLINE. 141 Rance.— Arctic regions. In America breeds from northern Alaska, northern Banks Land, and central Greenland south to eastern Aleutian Islands, central Mackenzie (in the mountains to west central Alberta), central Kee- watin, James Bay, and southern Ungava; south in winter to northern British Columbia, Saskatchewan Valley, Minnesota, Ontario, and Quebec; accidental in Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, Maine, and Massachusetts. b. Lagopus lagopus Alleni Srrsnecer. Allen’s Ptarmigan. (301a.] Lagopus alba allent StEJNEGER, Auk, I, Oct., 1884, 369. (Newfound- land.) RanGE.— Newfoundland. c. Lagopus lagopus alexadndree GrinneLy. Alexander’s Ptarmigan. [301).] Lagopus alerandre GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 2, Feb. 18, 1909, 204. (Mountain at Bear Bay, on Peril Strait, Baranof Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Baranof and adjacent islands west to Shumagin Islands. Lagopus rupéstris (GMELIN). RanGE.— Northern North America and Greenland. a. Lagopus rupestris rupestris (GMELIN). RockPtarmigan. [302.] Tetrao rupestris GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 751. (Hudson Bay.) Rance.— Arctic America. Breeds from Melville Island to Melville Penin- sula and south on the Barren Grounds from Alaska to Ungava; also on alpine summits south to central Yukon; south in winter to southern Mackenzie and southern Ungava. b. Lagopus rupestris reinhardi (BreHM). Reinhardt’s Ptarmigan. [302a.] Tetrao reinhardi BrexuM, Lehrbuch Eur. Vogel, II, 1824, 986. (Green- land.) RancE.— Northern extremity of Ungava, western Cumberland Sound, and Greenland. c. Lagopus rupestris nélsoni SrrsnecrerR. Nelson’s Ptarmigan. [302b.] Lagopus rupestris nelsoni STEJNEGER, Auk, I, July, 1884, 226. (Un- alaska, Alaska.) RaneGeE.— Unalaska, Akutan, and Unimak islands, Aleutian Islands. d, Lagopus rupestris atkhénsis Turner. Turner’s Ptarmigan. [302c.] Lagopus mutus atkhensis TURNER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, Aug. 5, 1882, 227, 230. (Atka Island, Alaska.) RanGe.— Atka, one of Aleutian Islands, Alaska. 142 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Lagopus rupestris townsendi ELtuiot. Townsend’s Ptarmigan. [302d.] Lagopus rupestris townsendi EvuiotT, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 26. (Kiska Island, Alaska.) RanGE.— Kiska, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. jf. Lagopus rupestris chamberlaini Clark. Adak Ptarmigan. [302e.] Lagopus rupestris chamberlaini CLARK, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, No. 1539, June 15, 1907, 469. (Adak Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Adak, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. g. Lagopus rupestris dixoni GRINNELL. Dixon’s Ptarmigan. (302/.] Lagopus dixoni GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 2, Feb. 18, 1909, 207. (Near Port Frederick, at 2700 feet, Chichagof Island, Alaska.) RanGeE.— Islands near Sitka, Alaska. Lagopus évermanni Ettiot. Evermann’s Ptarmigan. ([302.1.] Lagopus evermannit Exxtor, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 25, pl. iii. (Attu Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Attu, one of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Lagopus wélchi BREWSTER. Welch’s Ptarmigan. ([303.] Lagopus welchi Brewster, Auk, II, April, 1885, 194. (Newfoundland.) RanGe.— Newfoundland. Lagopus leucirus (SWAINSON). Rance.— Mountains of Alaska and British Columbia, south in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. a. Lagopus leucurus leucurus (Swainson). White-tailed Ptarmigan. [304.] Tetrao (Lagopus) leucurus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., IT, 1831 (1832), 356, pl. 63. (Rocky Mountains, Lat. 54° N.) Rance.— Rocky Mountains from northern British Columbia and central Alberta south to Vancouver Island, Washington, northwestern Montana, Colo- rado, and northern New Mexico. ORDER GALLIN®. 143 b. Lagopus leucurus peninsularis CHAPMAN. Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan. [304a.] Lagopus leucurus peninsularis CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., XVI, 1902, 236. (Kenai Mountains, Alaska.) RanGeE.— Alpine summits from central Alaska, northern Yukon, and northwestern Mackenzie south to Cook Inlet region, Kenai Peninsula, and southern Yukon. GENUS TYMPANUCHUS GLoGeEr. Tympanuchus GLoGER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, 1842, 396. Type, by monotypy, Tetrao cupido LINN&XUS. Tympantchus americanus (REICHENBACH). RANGE.— Central North America from southern central Canada south to northern Texas and east (formerly) to Ohio. a. Tympanuchus americanus americanus (REICHENBACH). Prairie Chicken. [305.] Cupidonia americana REICHENBACH, Syst. Avium, 1852, xxix. (Amer- ica.) Rance.— Southeastern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba to eastern Colorado, northeastern Texas, Arkansas, western Kentucky, and Indiana; probably extinct east of Indiana but formerly reached southwestern Ontario, Michigan, and northwestern Ohio. b. Tympanuchus americanus attwateri BunpirE. Attwater’s Prairie Chicken. [305a.] Tympanuchus attwatert BENDIRE, Forest and Stream, XL, No. 20, May 18, 1893, 425. (Refugio Co., Texas.) RanGE.— Coast region of Texas and southwestern Louisiana. Tympanuchus cupido (LINN«&us). Heath Hen. [306.] Tetrao cupido Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 160. (‘‘ Virginia” [probably Pennsylvania or New York].) Rance.— Island of Marthas Vineyard, Mass. Formerly southern New England and parts of the Middle States. 144 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus (RipGway). Lesser Prairie Chicken. [307.] Cupidonia cupido var. pallidicincta Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 199. (Prairies of Texas, near Lat. 32° N.) RanGE.— Great Plains, from Kansas south to west central Texas. GENUS PEDIGCETES Barrp. Pediecetes Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, xxi, xliv, 619, 625. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao phasianellus LINN&=Us. Pediccétes phasianéllus (LINN us). RanGE.— Central and western North America from central Alaska and Ungava to northeastern California and Illinois. a. Pedicecetes phasianellus phasianellus (Livnzxus). Sharp-tailed Grouse. [308.] Tetrao phasianellus LINN&=US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 160. (Hudson Bay.) Rance.— Central Alaska and northwestern British Columbia east through central Keewatin to central western Ungava, and south to Lake Superior and the Parry Sound district, Ontario; casual east to Saguenay River, Quebec. b. Pedicecetes phasianellus columbianus (Orp). Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse. [308a.] Phasianus columbianus OrpD, in GUTHRIE’s Geog., 2d Am. ed., 1815, 317. (Great plains of the Columbia River.) RanGe.— Central British Columbia and central Alberta south to north- eastern California, Utah, and central Colorado. c. Pedicecetes phasianellus campéstris Ripaway. Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse. [308b.] Pedicecetes phasianellus campestris Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 93. (Illinois.) RanceE.— Southern Alberta and southern Manitoba to Wyoming, Kansas, and northern Illinois. ORDER GALLINE. 145 GENUs CENTROCERCUS Swainson. Centrocercus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 358, 496. Type, by orig. desig., Tetrao wrophasianus BONAPARTE. Centrocércus urophasidnus (BoNapARTE). Sage Hen. [309.] Tetrao urophasianus BONAPARTE, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 213. (‘‘ North- western countries beyond the Mississippi, especially on the Missouri.’’) RaNnGE.— Sagebrush plains of Transition Zone from middle south- ern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, and northwestern North Dakota south to middle eastern California, northwestern New Mexico, and northwestern Nebraska. Famity MELEAGRIDA. Turkeys. GENUS MELEAGRIS LINN vs. Meleagris Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 156. Type, by subs. desig., Meleagris gallopavo L1nNxus (Gray, 1840). Meleagris gallopavo (LINN us). RancE.— Eastern and south central United States, west to Arizona and south to the mountains of Oaxaca. a. [Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo. Extralimital.] b. Meleagris gallopavo silvéstris Vinittor. Wild Turkey. [310a.] Meleagris silvestris Vie1tLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., IX, 1817, 447. RancGE.— Eastern United States from Nebraska, Kansas, western Okla- homa, and eastern Texas east to central Pennsylvania, and south to the Gulf coast; formerly north to South Dakota, southern Ontario, and southern Maine. c. Meleagris gallopavo mérriami Netson. Merriam’s Turkey. [310.] Meleagris gallopavo merriami Neuson, Auk, XVII, April, 1900, 120. (47 miles southwest of Winslow, Arizona.) Rance.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones in the mountains of south- ern Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, western Texas, northern Sonora, and Chihuahua. 146 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. d. Meleagris gallopavo oscéola Scorr. Florida Turkey. [310b.] Meleagris gallopavo osceola Scotr, Auk, VII, Oct., 1890, 376. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RanGe.— Southern Florida. e. Meleagris gallopavo intermédia SenNeTT. Rio Grande Turkey. [310c.] Meleagris gallopavo intermedia SENNETT, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., V, No. 3, Nov., 1879, 428. (Lomita, Texas.) RancEe.— Middle northern Texas south to northeastern Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. SUBORDER PENELOPES. Curassows anp GUANS. Famity CRACIDZ. Curassows AND GUANS. SuBFAMILY PENELOPINAS. Guans. GENUS ORTALIS MeErRREM. Ortalis MerREM, Avium Rar. Icones et Deser., II, 1786, 40 Type, by subs. desig., Phasianus motmot LinN&=us (Gray, 1840). Ortalis vétula (WAGLER). RaNncE.— Southern Texas south through Mexico and Central America to northern South America. a. [Ortalis vetula vetula. Extralimital.] b. Ortalis vetula mccalli Barrp. Chachalaca. ([311.] Ortalida mccalli Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pae., TX, 1858, 611. (Boquillas, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.) RaNGE.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, south in Mexico to the northern border of Vera Cruz. ORDER COLUMB2. 147 OrDER COLUMB. PIGEONS AND DOVES. Famity COLUMBIDA. PiIGEons AND DOovVEs. GENUS COLUMBA LINN xUus. Celumba Linn US, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 162. Type, by subs. desig., Columba palumbus Linnmus (Gray, 1840). Colimba fascidta Say. Rance. — Western North America from southwestern British Columbia south to Central America. a. Columba fasciata fasciata Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. ([312.] Columba fasciata Say, in Lona’s Exped., II, 1823, 10 (note). (Plum Creek, near Castle Rock, Douglas Co., Colorado.) RanGE.— Transition Zone from southwestern British Columbia, western Washington, western Oregon, northern Utah, and north central Colorado south through southwestern United States and Mexico to Nicaragua, and east to western Texas; winters from southwestern United States southward. b. Columba fasciata vidsce Brewster. Viosca’s Pigeon. [312a.] Columba fasciata viosce BREwstER, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 86. (La Laguna, Lower California.) RanceE.— Southern Lower California. Columba flaviréstris WacLEeR. Red-billed Pigeon. [313.] Columba flavirostris WAGLER, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 519. (Mexico.) Rance.— Lower Rio Grande Valley south through Mexico (both coasts) and Central America to Costa Rica. Columba leucocéphala LinN=us. White-crowned Pigeon. ([314.] Columba leucocephala Linn mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, 164. (Bahama Tslands.) 148 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RaNnGE.— Southern Keys of Florida, the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, some of the Lesser Antilles, Yucatan, and coast of Honduras. [Columba squamésa BoNNATERRE. Scaled Pigeon. [314.1.] Columba squamosa BONNATERRE, Tableaux Encycl. Méth., I, 1792, 234. (Guadeloupe Island, West Indies.) RanGe.— West Indies; accidental at Key West, Florida.] GENUS ECTOPISTES Swarnson. Ectopistes Swainson, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 362. Type, by subs. desig., Columba migratoria Linnus (Gray, 1840). Ectopistes migratérius (LINN=uUS). Passenger Pigeon. [315.] Columba migratoria Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 285 (3). (Eastern North America, Canada (summer), and Carolina (winter).) RancGe.— Bred formerly from middle western Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to Kansas, Miss- issippi, Pennsylvania, and New York; wintered principally from Arkansas and North Carolina south to central Texas, Louisiana, and Florida; casual in Cuba, eastern Mexico, and Nevada; now probably extinct. GENUS ZENAIDURA BonaPARTE. Zenaidura BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, IT, 1854, 84. Type, by monotypy, Columba carolinensis LINN AUS. Zenaidira macrotira (LINN mUs). Rance.— North America, from southern Canada south to Panama and the West Indies. a. [Zenaidura macroura macroura. Extralimital.] b. Zenaidura macroura carolinénsis (Linnus). Mourning Dove. [316.] Columba carolinensis Linna&us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 286. (Caro- lina.) ORDER COLUMB. 149 Rance.— North America. Breeds chiefly in Sonoran and Lower Transition zones from British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and southern Nova Scotia south throughout the United States and Mexico,.and locally in Lower California and Guatemala; winters from southern Oregon, southern Colorado, the Ohio Valley, and North Carolina to Panama; casual in winter in the Middle States. GENUS ZENAIDA BoNnaPARTE. Zenaida BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type, by tautonymy, Zenaida amabilis BONAPARTE = Columba zenaida BONAPARTE. Zendida zen4ida (BONAPARTE). Zenaida Dove. [317.] Columba zenaida BONAPARTE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, 30. (Florida Keys.) Rance.— Florida Keys, the Bahamas, Greater and Lesser Antilles, and the coast of Yucatan. GENUS LEPTOTILA SwalInson. Leptotila Swainson, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 349. Type, by monotypy, Pleristera] rufaxilla SELBY (= Columba rufaxilla RicHarp & BERNARD). Leptétila fulvivéntris LAWRENCE. RanGE.— Central America and Mexico north to Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas. a. [Leptotila fulviventris fulviventris. Extralimital.] b. Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera Satvapor1. White-fronted Dove. [318.] Leptoptila brachyptera Satvavort, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X XI, 1893, 545. (Mexico.) Ranee.— Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, south through Mexico (both coasts) to Guatemala. GENUS MELOPELIA Bonaparte. Melopelia Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, II, 1854, 81. Type, by subs. desig., Columba meloda Tscuuni (Gray, 1855). 150 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Melopelia asiatica (LINN us). White-winged Dove. [319.] Columba asiatica Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 163. (‘‘East Indies,’ = Jamaica?) RancEe.— Lower California, southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, southern Texas, and southern Florida south to Cuba, Jamaica, and Costa Rica; casual in southeastern California, Colorado, and the Bahamas; accidental in Washington. GENUS CHAXMEPELIA SwalInson. Chemepelia Swatnson, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 361. Type, by subs. desig., Columba passerina LINN&=Uus (Gray, 1841). Chemepelia passerina (LINN £Us). RaNnGE.— Southern United States south to the West Indies, Central America, and in South America to Peru and southern Brazil. a. [Cheemepelia passerina passerina. Extralimital.] b. Chemepelia passerina terréstris (CHapMAN). Ground Dove. ([320.] Columbigallina passerina terrestris CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., IV, 1892, 293. (Eastern North America.) RanGce.— Lower Austral Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from east- ern Texas to North Carolina; accidental further north (New York, Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia). c. Chzemepelia passerina palléscens Bairp. Mexican Ground Dove. [320a.] Chamepelia passerina? var. pullescens Batrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 305. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran and Tropical zones from Lower California, southern Arizona, and middle southern Texas south to Costa Rica; casual in southern California. d. Cheemepelia passerina bermudiadna (Bancs & BRADLEE). Bermuda Ground Dove. [320b.] Columbigallina bermudiana Banes & BrapueEE, Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, 250. (Hamilton, Bermuda.) RanGe.— Bermuda. ORDER COLUMB2. LoL Genus SCARDAFELLA BonaPaRrtTe. Scardafella Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, II, 1854, 85. Type, by subs. desig., Columba squamosa TEMMINCK = Scardafella ridgwayit Ricu- MOND (Gray, 1855). Scardafélla inca (Lesson). Inca Dove. [321.] Chamepelia inca Lesson, Compl. (Euvres Buffon, XX, 1847, 211. (Mex- ico [probably west coast].) Rancre.— Lower Sonoran and Tropical zones from northeastern Lower California, Arizona, and southern Texas south to Guatemala. GENUS GEOTRYGON GosseE. Geotrygon Gossk, Birds Jamaica, 1847, 316 (note). Type, by monotypy, Geotrygon sylvatica GossE = Columbigallina versicolor LAFRESNAYE. Geotrygon chrysia SaArvaporr. Key West Quail-Dove. [322.] Geotrygon chrysia Sauvavort, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXI, 1893, 571. (Cuba, Haiti, Bahamas, and Florida Keys.) RanGe.— Key West and some other Florida keys, the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti. [Geotrygon montana (LINNa&uUS). Ruddy Quail-Dove. [322.1.] Columba montana Linnxws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 163. (Jamaica.) RancGE.— Tropical America, including West Indies, north to Cuba, and in Mexico to Vera Cruz and Guerrero; accidental at Key West, Florida. ] GENUS STARNGNAS Bonaparte. Starnenas BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 41. Type, by mono- typy, Columba cyanocephala LINN&US. Starnénas cyanocéphala (LinN=us). Blue-headed Quail-Dove. [323.] Columba cyanocephala Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 163. (“‘ Jamaica’? = Cuba?) RanGE.— Florida Keys and Cuba. 152 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrpDER RAPTORES. Brirps oF PREY. SUBORDER SARCORHAMPHI. American VULTURES. Famity CATHARTIDA. AMERICAN VULTURES. GENUS GYMNOGYPS Lesson. Gymnogyps LEsson, Echo du Monde Savant, sér. 2, VI, Dec. 8, 1842, 1037. Type, by monotypy, Vultur californianus SHaw. Gymnogyps californianus (SHaw). California Vulture. [324.] Vultur californianus SHaw, Nat. Mise., IX, 1797, pl. 301. (‘‘Coast of California” [San Francisco or Monterey ?].) RaNGE.— Coast ranges of California from Santa Clara County south to northern Lower California; casual north to southern Oregon and east to Arizona; formerly north to Columbia River. GeENus CATHARTES ILLIGER. Cathartes ILLIiGER, Prodromus, 1811, 236. Type, by subs. desig., Vultur aura LINN&US (Vigors, 1825). Cathértes atira (LINN Us). RANGE.— Southern Canada south to southern South America. a. [Cathartesauraaura. Extralimital.] b. Cathartes aura septentrionélis Wimp. Turkey Vulture. [325.] Cathartes septentrionalis WiEpD, Reise Nord-America, I, 1839, 162. (Near New Harmony, Indiana.) ORDER RAPTORES. oe RancGe.— Austral and Transition zones from southern British Columbia, Saskatchewan, western Manitoba, northern Minnesota, southwestern Ontario, western and southern New York, and New Jersey south to southern Lower California and northern Mexico; winters throughout most of its regular range on the Atlantic slope but westward retires to California, Nebraska, and the Ohio Valley; casual in Wisconsin, Michigan, northern Ontario, and New Brunswick. GeNus CATHARISTA VIEILLOT. Catharista ViE1LLoT, Analyse, 1816, 21. Type, by subs. desig., Vultur urubu Vie1LLoT (Sharpe, 1874). Catharista Grubu (ViEILLoT). Black Vulture. [326.] Vultur urubu ViEI1LLoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807, 23, pl. ii. (Carolina and Florida.) RanceE.— Tropical and Lower Austral zones from western Texas, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, and southeastern Virginia south through the southern States, Mexico, and Central America to southern South America; casual in Ohio, Maine, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; rare in the West Indies. SuBoRDER FALCONES, Vutrurss, Fatcons, Hawks, Buzzarps, Eacurs, Kitrs, HARRIERS, ETC. Famity BUTEONIDZ. Hawks, Eaauss, Kress, ETC. GENUS ELANOIDES VIE ILLorT. Elanoides ViritLot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXIV, 1818, 101. Type, by monotypy, Falco furcatus LInNm=uUs = F. forficatus LINN&=US. Elanoides forficdtus (LINN&us). Swallow-tailed Kite. [327.] Falco forficatus LINNmUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 89. (Carolina.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds locally from south- eastern Saskatchewan, northern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, 154 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. southern Indiana, and South Carolina south through eastern Mexico and Central America to Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay; accidental west to New Mexico and Colorado and north to northern Wisconsin, Ontario, New York, Maine, Massachusetts, and in England; casual in the Greater Antilles; winters south of the United States. GENUS ELANUS Saviany. Elanus Savieny, Deser. de Egypte, I, 1809, 69,97. Type, by monotypy, Elanus cesius SavianNy = Falco melanopterus DaupIN. Elanus leuctrus (VIEILLOT). White-tailed Kite. [328.] Milvus leucurus Vietutot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XX, 1818, 563 (errore 556). (Paraguay.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone in California (Tehama County south to Los Angeles County), Texas, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Florida; casual in southern Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama; winters in California and Florida and south rarely to Guatemala; resident in South America from Argentina and Chile to Venezuela. GeENwus ICTINIA VIEILLOT. Ictinia ViEILuoT, Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, by monotypy, Milvus cenchris ViE1LLoT = Falco plumbeus GMELIN. Ictinia mississippiénsis (WILSON). Mississippi Kite. [329.] Falco misisippiensis Witson, Amer. Orn., III, 1811, 80, pl. 25, fig. 1. (A few miles below Natchez, Mississippi.) RancGe.— Lower Austral Zone from southern Kansas, Iowa, Illinois, southern Indiana, and South Carolina south to Texas and Florida; winters in Florida and southern Texas and south rarely to Guatemala; accidental in Colorado, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania. GENUS ROSTRHAMUS Lesson. Rostrhamus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1830, 55. Type, by monotypy, Rostrhamus niger Lesson = Herpetotheres sociabilis V1e1LLov. ORDER RAPTORES. 155 Rostrhamus socidbilis (VirILLOT). Everglade Kite. [330.] Herpetotheres sociabilis Vin1tuoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XVIII, 1817, 318. (South America, Lat. 27°-30° S., in district of Corrientes, and on the Rio de la Plata.) RanGE.— Tropical Florida, Cuba, eastern Mexico, Central America, and eastern South America to Argentina; migratory in northern Florida. GENus CIRCUS LacéPEDE. Circus LachrEDE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 4. Type, by subs. desig., Falco eruginosus LINN&%US (Lesson, 1828). Circus hudsénius (LINNUs). Marsh Hawk. ([331.] Falco hudsonius Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 128. (Hudson Bay.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from northeastern Siberia, northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Prince Edward Island south to the southern border of the United States; winters from southern British Columbia, Colorado, Iowa, the Ohio Valley, and New York (occasionally Massa- chusetts) south to the Bahamas, Cuba, and Colombia. Genus ACCIPITER Brisson. Accipiter Brisson, Orn., I, 1760, 310. Type, by tautonymy, [Accipiter] accipiter Brisson = Falco nisus LINN&XUS. Accipiter vélox (WiLson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. [332.] Falco velox Witson, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 116, pl. 45, fig. 1. (Banks of Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pa.) RancE.— North America. Breeds nearly throughout the United States and Canada from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Macken- zie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south- ward; winters from British Columbia, Colorado, Iowa, northern Ohio, and Massachusetts south to Panama. 156 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Accipiter coédperi (BoNAPARTE). Cooper’s Hawk. [333.] Falco cooperiti BONAPARTE, Amer. Orn., II, 1828, 1, pl. x, fig. 1. (Near Bordentown, N. J.) RanGeE.— North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Prince Edward Island south to southern border of the United States; winters from southern British Columbia, Colorado, Nebraska, Ohio, and Massachusetts south to Costa Rica, and occasionally further north. GENUS ASTUR LacfprrEpDE. Astur Lacbprpe, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 4. Type, by subs. desig., Falco palumbarius Linn=us (Vigors, 1824). Astur atricapillus (Wison). RancGE.— North America from tree limit south to northern Mexico. a. Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Witson). Goshawk. ([334.] Falco atricapillus Witson, Amer. Orn., VI, 1812, 80, pl. 52, fig. 3. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RanGe.— North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to Michigan and New Hampshire, and in the mountains south to Penn- sylvania and New Mexico; winters from Alaska and the southern Canadian Provinces south to northern Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Indiana, and Virginia; accidental in England. b. Astur atricapillus stridtulus Ringway. Western Goshawk. [334a.] Astur atricapillus var. striatulus Ripaway, in Hist. N. A. Birds, III, 1874, 240. (Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Washington.) RanGE.— Boreal zones of Pacific coast region. Breeds from Cook Inlet, Alaska, south to the Sierra Nevada of California in latitude 36° 30’; winters southward in California and east to Colorado. Genus PARABUTEO Ripeway. Parabuteo Ripeway, in Hist. N. A. Birds, III, 1874, 250. Type, by orig. desig., Falco harristi AUDUBON = Buteo harrist AUDUBON. ORDER RAPTORES. a Er Parabiteo unicinctus (TEMMINCK). Southern United States south to Argentina. RANGE. a. [Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus. Extralimital.] b. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (AupUBON). Harris’s Hawk. [835.] Buteo harrist AUDUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1837, pl. 392. (Between Bayou Sara and Natchez, Mississippi.) RANGE.— Lower Sonoran Zone in southeastern California, southern Ari- zona, southern New Mexico, southern Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi south to Cape San Lucas and Panama; accidental in Iowa. GENUS BUTEO LackpEDE. Buteo LackrrpE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 4. Type, by tautonymy, Falco buteo Linnaus. Suspcenvus BUTEO. Biteo borealis (GMELIN). Rance.— North America from southeastern Alaska and central Canada south to Guatemala. a. Buteo borealis borealis (GMELIN). Red-tailed Hawk. [337.] Falco borealis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 266. (Carolina.) RanceE.— Eastern North America, from Saskatchewan, Wisconsin, and Illinois east to central Keewatin and Newfoundland, and south to eastern Texas, northeastern Mexico, the Gulf coast, Florida, and the Greater Antilles. b. Buteo borealis krideri Hoopes. Krider’s Hawk. ([337a.] Buteo borealis var. kriderii Hooprs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, 238, pl. 5. (Winnebago Co., Iowa.) RanGcE.— Great Plains from Wyoming, North Dakota, and Minnesota south to Nebraska and Missouri and in winter to Wisconsin, Illinois, Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. c. Buteo borealis calirus Cassin. Western Red-tail. [337b.] Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1855, 281. (Near Fort Webster, Rio Mimbres, New Mexico.) 158 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Western North America from the middle Yukon, and central western Mackenzie south to Cape San Lucas and Guatemala; east to western part of the Great Plains; casual in Illinois and Ontario. d. Buteo borealis harlani (AupuBpon). Harlan’s Hawk. ([337d.] Falco harlant AupusBon, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1830, pl. 86. (Near St. Francisville, Louisiana.) Rance.— Lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf States, from Louisiana to Georgia and Florida; casual in Colorado, Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. e. Buteo borealis alascénsis GRINNELL. Alaska Red-tail. ([337e.] Buteo borealis alascensis GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 2, Feb. 18, 1909, 211. (Glacier Bay, Alaska.) RaNnGE.— Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to Admiralty Island and the Sitka islands. Buteo linedtus (GMELIN). Rance.— North America from southern Canada south to northern Mexico. a. Buteo lineatus lineatus (GMELIN). Red-shouldered Hawk. ([339.] Falco lineatus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 268. (Long Island, New York.) Ranece.— Eastern North America. Breeds from Manitoba, southern Keewatin, southern Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island south nearly to the Gulf States and west to edge of the Great Plains; winters south to the Gulf coast. b. Buteo lineatus alleni Rincway. Florida Red-shouldered Hawk. [339a.] Buteo lineatus allent Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VII, Feb. 25, 1885, 514. (Tampa, Florida.) RanGeE.— Southern part of Lower Austral Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from South Carolina through Texas into Tamaulipas, Mexico. c. Buteo lineatus élegans Cassin. Red-bellied Hawk. [339b.] Buteo elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1855, 281. (Cali- fornia.) RANGE.— Transition and Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia and California south to Lower California and northwestern Mexieo. ORDER RAPTORES. 159 Buteo abbrevidtus CABaNis. Zone-tailed Hawk. [340.] Buteo abbreviatus CABANIS, in SCHOMBURGK, Reisen Brit. Guiana, ITI, 1848, 739. (Upper Pomeroon, British Guiana.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone in Arizona, New Mexico, and south- western Texas south through Mexico and Central America to Vene- zuela and British Guiana; casual in southern California. Buteo swainsoni BoNAPaRTE. Swainson’s Hawk. [342.] Buteo swainsoni BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 3. (Near the Columbia River.) RanGcE.— North and South America. Breeds from southern Brit- ish Columbia, Fort Yukon, Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and Manitoba south to Chile; casual in Quebec, Ontario, Maine, and Massachusetts; winters from South Dakota southward. Buteo platypterus (VIEILLOT). Broad-winged Hawk. ([343.] Sparvius platypterus Vir1tLot, Tableaux Encycl. Méth., III, 1823, 1273. (Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pa.) RanGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds from central Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Cape Breton Island south to the Gulf coast and central Texas, mainly east of the Mississippi; winters from the Ohio and Delaware valleys south to Venezuela and Peru. Suscenus TACHYTRIORCHIS Kavp. Tachytriorchis Kaup, Class. Siug. und Vdégel, 1844, 123. Type, by monotypy, Falco pterocles TpEMMINCK = Buteo albicaudatus V1EILLOT. Buteo albicaudatus VIEILLOT. RancEe.— Texas south through Mexico, Central America, and South America to Chile and Argentina. a. [Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus. [Extralimital.] b. Buteo albicaudatus sénnetti ALLEN. Sennett’s White-tailed Hawk. ([341.] Buteo albicaudatus sennetti ALLEN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., V, July 19, 1893, 144. (Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas.) 160 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from middle Texas south to southern Mexico (both coasts). SusGENus BUTEOLA Bonaparte. Buteola Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus, XLI, 1855, 651. Type, by orig. desig., Buteo brachyurus VIEILLOT. Buteo brachyirus ViemLor. Short-tailed Hawk. [344.] Buteo brachyurus Vieituot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., IV, 1816, 477. (Cayenne?.) RaNnGE.— Florida, eastern Mexico, and central America south to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. GENUS URUBITINGA LAFRESNAYE. Urubitinga LAFRESNAYE, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat., II, 1843, 786. Type, by tautonymy, ‘‘L’Aigle-Autour Urubitinga de Cuvier” = Falco urubi- tinga GMELIN. Urubitinga anthracina (LICHTENSTEIN). Mexican Black Hawk. [345.] Falco anthracinus LicHTENSTEIN, Preis-Verz....V6gel....Mexico, etc., 1830, 3. (Mexico.) RanGE.— Lower Sonoran Zone in southern Arizona, and lower Rio Grande Valley south through Mexico and Central America to Peru and British Guiana. Genus ASTURINA VIEILLOT. Asturina Vir1Ltuot, Analyse, 1816, 24. Type, by monotypy, Asturina cinerea ViEILLOT = Falco nitidus LATHAM. Asturina plagiata SCHLEGEL. Mexican Goshawk. ([346.] Asturina plagiata SCHLEGEL, Mus. Pays-Bas, I, Asturine, 1862, 1. (City of Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RaNGE.— Southern Arizona and lower Rio Grande Valley south to Costa Rica; winters south of the United States; accidental in southern — Illinois. ORDER RAPTORES. 161 GeNus ARCHIBUTEO BreuHm. Archibuteo BreuM, Isis, XXI, 1828, 1269. Type, by monotypy, ‘“‘ Rauch- fussbussard”’ = Falco lagopus BRUNNICH. Suscenus ARCHIBUTEO. Archibiteo lagépus (BRUNNICH). Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. a. [Archibuteo lagopus lagopus. Extralimital.] b. Archibuteo lagopus sdncti-johannis (GMELIN). Rough-legged Hawk. (347a.] Falco s. johannis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 273. (Hudson Strait and Newfoundland.) Ranece.— North America north of Mexico. Breeds in Hudsonian Zone from the Aleutian Islands, northwestern Alaska, Arctic coast, and northern Ungava south to central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland; winters from Oregon, Colorado, Minnesota, and northern boundary of eastern United States south to central California, southern New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and North Carolina. SupcGENus BREWSTERIA Maynarp. Brewsteria MAYNARD, Birds Eastern N. A., Pt. 40, 1895, 691. Type, by orig. desig., Falco ferrugineus LICHTENSTEIN. Archibuteo ferrugineus (LICHTENSTEIN). Ferruginous Rough-leg. [348. ] Falco (Buteo) ferrugineus LicutensteIn, Abh. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (Phys. K1.), for 1838 (1839), 428. (Near Monterey, California.) RaNnGcE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern Wash- ington, southwestern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba to south- ern California, Utah, Colorado, and Kansas; winters from Montana to Lower California and northern Mexico, and casually east to Wis- consin and Illinois. Genus AQUILA Brisson. Aquila Brisson, Orn., I, 1760, 419. Type, by tautonymy, [Aquila] aquila Brisson = Falco chrysaétos LINN mus. 162 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Aquila chrysaétos (LiInN©us). Golden Eagle. [349.] Falco chrysaétos Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 88. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. In the Old World south to North Africa and the Himalaya; in North America from northern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to middle Lower California, central Mexico, western Texas, South Dakota, Manitoba, southern Keewatin, central Ontario, New Hampshire, Maine, and Nova Scotia, and in the Alle- ghenies to southwestern North Carolina; less common east of the Mississipp1. GENUS HALIZSETUS Saviaeny. Haliewetus Saviany, Descr. de Egypte, I, 1809, 68, 85. Type, by monotypy, Haliwetus nisus Saviany = Falco albicilla LINN2&Us. [Haliéetus albicilla (LINNmUs). Gray Sea Eagle. ([351.] Falco albicilla Linnmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 89. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere, breeding from Scotland, northern Europe, and northern Asia to Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla; in migration south to Japan, China, northern India, southern Europe, and northern Africa; resident in Iceland and Green- land; recorded also from Cumberland Sound; casual on the Aleutian Islands. ] Halizetus leucocéphalus (LINN Us). Rance.— North America, from near tree limit south to northern Mexico. a. Haligetus leucocephalus leucocephalus (Linnmus). Bald Eagle. [352.] Falco leucocephalus Linnvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 124. (Carolina.) RanGE.— United States to southern Lower California and northern Mexico, breeding in suitable locations throughout its range; rare and local in California and in the arid interior. ORDER RAPTORES. 163 b. Halizetus leucocephalus alascanus C. H. Townsenp. Northern Bald Eagle. [852a.] Halietus leucocephalus alascanus TOWNSEND, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XJ, June 9, 1897, 145. (Unalaska, Alaska.) RanGE.— Boreal zones of northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to British Columbia and the Great Lakes. Famity FALCONIDA. Fatcons, CARACARAS, ETC. SupFAMILy FALCONINAS. Fatcons. GENUS FALCO LINN2Uws. Falco Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 88. Type, by subs. desig., Falco subbuteo Linnzsus (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). Suscenus HIEROFALCO Cuvier. Hierofalco Cuvier, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 312. Type, by monotypy, Falco candicans GMELIN = Falco islandus BRUNNICH. Falco islandus BRUNNIcH. White Gyrfalcon. [353.] Falco islandus BRUnNnIcH, Orn. Borealis, 1764, 2. (Iceland.) RanGe.— Arctic regions. Resident in Greenland; in winter casual south to Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Maine. Falco rusticolus LINN xUs. RanceE.— Arctic and subarctic parts of the Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to northern part of temperate zone. a. Falco rusticolus rusticolus Linnmus. Gray Gyrfalcon. [354.] Falco rusticolus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 88. (Sweden.) RanGeE.— Arctic regions. Breeds in Arctic America from Alaska east to southern Greenland; in winter casual south to British Columbia, Kansas, Wisconsin, Ontario, and Maine. 164 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Falco rusticolus gyrfalco Linnamzus. Gyrfalcon. [354a.] Falco gyrfalco Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 91. (Sweden.) Ranae.— Arctic regions. Breeds in Hllesmere Land, northern Greenland, and east to Franz Josef Land; in winter casual south to Minnesota, New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine. c. Falco rusticolus obsolétus Gmetin. Black Gyrfalcon. [354b.] Falco obsoletus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 268. (Hudson Strait.) RancE.— Breeds in Ungava; south in winter to Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, and Maine, and casually to New York, New Hampshire, Massachu- setts, and Rhode Island. Falco mexicaénus SCHLEGEL. Prairie Falcon. ([855.] Falco mexicanus SCHLEGEL, Abh. Geb. Zool., Heft 3, 1850, 15. (Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Transition and Sonoran zones from eastern border of the Great Plains and from southern British Columbia and southeastern Saskatchewan to southern Lower California and southern Mexico; casual east to Minnesota and Illinois. Suscenus RHYNCHODON Nirzscu. Rhynchodon Nirzscu, Obs. Avium Art. Carot. Comm., 1829, 20. Type, by subs. desig., Falco peregrinus Tunstaut (A. O. U. Comm., 1886). Falco peregrinus ‘TUNSTALL. RanGcE.— Greater part of Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to Africa and South America. a. Falco peregrinus peregrinus TunsTaLu. Peregrine Falcon. [356.] Falco peregrinus TuNnstauu, Orn. Brit., 1771, 1. (Great Britain.) RanGs&.— Europe and northern Asia; in winter south to Africa and Indian Peninsula; casual in Greenland. b. Falco peregrinus 4natum Bonaparte. Duck Hawk. [356a.] Falco anatum Bonaparte, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4. (Egg Harbor, New Jersey.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds locally (except in Northwest Coast region) from Norton Sound, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, Boothia Peninsula, and western central Greenland south to central Lower California, Arizona, southwestern Texas, Kansas, Missouri, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and ORDER RAPTORES. 165 Connecticut (in mountains to South Carolina); winters from southern British Columbia, Colorado, and New Jersey (occasionally further north) to the West Indies and Panama; cccurs also in southern South America. c. Falco peregrinus pedlei Ripaway. Peale’s Falcon. [356b.] Falco communis var. pealei Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 201. (Oregon.) Ranau.— Pacifie coast region of North America from Commander and Aleutian islands to Oregon. Breeds throughout its range. Suscenus TINNUNCULUS Vie rLxor. Tinnunculus VireruLor, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807, 39. Type, by subs. desig., Falco columbarius Linnasus (Sharpe, 1874). Falco columbérius LINN ©US. RanceE.— Northern North America, south in winter to northern South America. a. Falco columbarius columbarius Linnmwus. Pigeon Hawk. ([357.] Falco columbarius Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 90. (Carolina.) Ranee.— North America to northern South America. Breeds from north- western Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie south in the mountains to Cali- fornia and southern Oregon, and from central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to northern Michigan, central Ontario, and Maine; winters from California and the Gulf States (casually further north) south through Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies to Ecuador and Vene- zuela. b. Falco columbarius stickleyi Rinacway. Black Pigeon Hawk. ([357a.] Falco columbarius var. suckleyi Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 201. (Shoalwater Bay, Washington.) Ranau.— Northwest coast region from Sitka to northern California. c. Falco columbarius richardsoni Rmpaway. Richardson’s Pigeon Hawk. [357b.] Falco (Hypotriorchis) richardsonit Ripaway, Proc. Aead. Nat. Sei. Phila., for 1870 (1871), 145. (Mouth of Vermilion River, South Dakota.) Rance.— Interior of western North America. Breeds in the Great Plains region from southern Alberta and middle of Saskatchewan Valley to northern 166 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Montana and North Dakota; winters south to southern Lower California, northwestern Mexico, and southern Texas; casual in California and Missouri; accidental in South Carolina. [Falco @salon TUNSTALL. Merlin. [358.1.] Falco esalon TUNSTALL, Orn. Brit., 1771, i. (Great Britain.) Rance.— Europe, Asia, and northern Africa; accidental in Green- land.] Suscenus RHYNCHOFALCO Rineway. Rhynchofalco Ripaway, Proce. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVI, 1873, 46. Type, by orig. desig., Falco femoralis TemmMinck = Falco fusco-cerulescens VIEILLOT. Falco fisco-ceruléscens ViriLLoT. Aplomado Falcon. [359.] Falco fusco-cerulescens Viettuot, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XI, 1817, 90. (Paraguay.) Ranar.— Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Texas south through Central America to Patagonia. Suspcenus CERCHNEIS Bolter. Cerchneis Bork, Isis, XTX, 1826, 970. Type, by monotypy, Falco rupi- colus DAUDIN. [Falco tinnénculus Linnmus. Kestrel. [359.1.] Falco tinnunculus Linnxxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 90. (Sweden.) Rance.— Northern part of Eastern Hemisphere; accidental in Greenland (Cape Farewell).] Falco sparvérius LINN Us. RancE.— North and South America. a. Falco sparverius sparverius LINNa=us. Sparrow Hawk. ([360.] Falco sparverius Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 90. (Carolina.) Rance.— North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Breeds from the Upper Yukon, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and Newfound- ORDER RAPTORES. 167 land south to Texas and the eastern Gulf States (except Florida); winters from Kansas, Indiana, Ohio, and Massachusetts south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. b. Falco sparverius phaléna (Lesson). Desert Sparrow Hawk. (360a.] Tinnunculus phalena Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 12€ ann., June 19, 1845, 1086. (San Blas and Acapulco, Mexico.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from central British Columbia and southwestern Saskatchewan south to southern California, New Mexico, western Texas, and Durango east to Wyoming and western Nebraska; winters from British Columbia and Colorado south to Guatemala. c. Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns. San Lucas Sparrow Hawk. [360b.] Falco sparverius peninsularis Mearns, Auk, IX, July, 1892, 267. (San José, Lower California.) RanGE.— Southern Lower California. d. Falco sparverius patilus (Howe & Kina). Little Sparrow Hawk. ([360c.] Cerchneis sparverius paulus Howe & Kina, Contrib. N. A. Orn., I, May 21, 1902, 28. (Miami, Florida.) Rance.— Florida Peninsula. [Falco sparveroides Vicors. Cuban Sparrow Hawk. ([361.] Falco sparveroides Vicors, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 426. (Cuba.) RaANGE.— Cuba; casual in Florida.] SuspraMity POLYBORINAS. Caracaras. GENUS POLYBORUS VIEILLOT. Polyborus Vie1tuoT, Analyse, 1816, 22. Type, by monotypy, “Caracara, Buff.” = Falco tharus Mouina. Polyborus cheriway (Jacquin). Audubon’s Caracara. [362.] Falco (cheriway) Jacquin, Beytr. Gesch. Vogel, 1784, 17, pl. 4. (Aruba Island, and coast of Venezueia.) Rance.— Northern Lower California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida south to Guiana and Ecuador; accidental in Ontario. 168 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Polyborus lutésus Ripaway. Guadalupe Caracara. ([3863.] Polyborus lutosus Ripaway, Bull. U.S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., I, No. 6, 2d ser., Feb. 8, 1876, 459. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RanGE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. (Now extinct ?) Famity PANDIONIDAS. OspREYs. GENUS PANDION Savieny. Pandion SAVIGNY, Descr. de Egypte, I, 1809, 69, 95. Type, by mono- typy, Falco haliaétus LiInNxus. Pandion halidétus (LINN us). RanGE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. a. [Pandion haliaétus haliaétus. Extralimital.] b. Pandion haliaétus carolinénsis (GmMeLIN.) Osprey. [364.] Falco carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 263. (Carolina.) RanGeE.— North and South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfound- land south to Lower California, western Mexico, and the Gulf coast; winters from the southern United States through Lower California and Mexico to the West Indies and Central America; occurs also in South America south to Peru and Paraguay. SUBORDER STRIGES. Owl1.s. Famity ALUCONIDZ. Barn Owi1s. GeEeNus ALUCO FLEMING. Aluco Fieminc, Philos. Zool., II, 1822, 236. Type, by monotypy, Strix flammea Linnzus (1766, nec PoNTOPPIDAN, 1763) = Strix alba Scopout. Alico pratincola (BoNAPARTE). Bam Owl. [365.] Strix pratincola BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7. (Southeastern United States.) ORDER RAPTORES. 169 RanceE.— North America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Austral zones from northern Sacramento Valley, California, Colorado, Ne- braska, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and western New York south to the Gulf States and southern Mexico, and casually to Oregon, Minne- sota, Michigan, Ontario, Vermont, and Massachusetts. Famity STRIGIDA. HornNED Owls, ETC. GENus ASIO Brisson. Asio Brisson, Orn., I, 1760, 477. Type, by tautonymy, [Asio] asio Brisson = Strix otus LINN&uUSs. Asio wilsoniénus (Lesson). Long-eared Owl. [366.] Otus wilsonianus Lesson, Traité d’Orn., 1830, 110. (New York.) RanGE.— Temperate North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern California, northern Texas, Arkansas, and Virginia; winters from southern Canada to Georgia, Louisiana, and central Mexico. Asio flammeus (PoNTOPPIDAN). Short-eared Owl. [367.] Strix flammea Pontoppipan, Danske Atlas, I, 1763, 617, pl. xxv, fig. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Nearly cosmopolitan. In North America breeds ir- regularly and locally from northern Alaska and Aleutian Islands, north- ern Mackenzie, northern Ungava, and Greenland south to California, Colorado, southern Kansas, Missouri, northern Indiana, and Massa- chusetts; winters from California, Wyoming, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, and Massachusetts south to Louisiana, Cuba, and Guatemala; common in Hawaii. Genus STRIX LINN ZXUS. Strix Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 92. Type, by subs. desig. Strix aluco Linnx=us (Newton, 1874). 170 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Strix varia Barron. RancGEe.— Eastern North America, from Hudson Bay south to the Gulf coast; west to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains. a. Strix varia varia Barron. Barred Owl. [368.] Strix varius Barton, Fragm. N. H. Penn., 1799, 11. (Pennsylvania.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southern Keewatin, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to eastern Kansas and Georgia, and west to eastern Wyoming and eastern Colorado. b. Strix varia alleni Ripagway. Florida Barred Owl. [368a.] Strix nebulosa allent Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 8. (Clear- water, Florida.) Rance.— Coast strip of South Atlantic and Gulf States from eastern Texas to Florida and South Carolina. c. Strix varia albogilva Banas. Texas Barred Owl. ([368D.] Strix varia albogilua Banas, Auk, XXV, 1908, 316. (Corpus Christi, Texas.) Rance.— Middle southern Texas. Strix occidentalis (XaNTUs). RanGcE.— Western North America from the coast region of British Columbia to northern Lower California and northern Mexico, east to southern Colorado and New Mexico. a. Strix occidentalis occidentalis (Xantus). Spotted Owl. [369.] Syrnium occidentale Xantus, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 193. (Fort Tejon, California.) RaneeE.— Sonoran zones of California from southern San Joaquin Valley, southward, and Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado south to north- ern Lower California and northwestern Mexico. b. Strix occidentalis caurina (Merriam). Northern Spotted Owl. (369a.] Syrnium occidentale caurinum Merriam, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 40. (Mt. Vernon, Skagit Valley, Washington.) Ranee.— Coast region of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California (south on the coast to Point Reyes and in the Sierra Nevada to Calaveras County). ORDER RAPTORES. ba GENuS SCOTIAPTEX SwWaInson. Scotiapter Swatnson, Classif. Birds, I, 1836, 327. Type, by subs. desig., Striz cinerea GMELIN = Strix nebulosa Forster (Ridgway, 1887). Scotidptex nebulésa (ForsTER). Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. a. Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa (J. R. Forster). Great Gray Owl. [370.] Striz nebulosa Forster, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 424. (Severn River.) RanGE.— Boreal North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and upper Cana- dian zones from tree limit in central Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie south to central Alberta and central Keewatin; winters in the southern Canadian Provinces, straggling to northern California, Wyoming, Nebraska, Minnesota, Indiana, Ohio, northern New Jersey, New York, and New England. b. [Scotiaptex nebulosa lappoénica (THUNBERG). Lapp Owl. [370a.] Striz lapponica THunBuRG, K. Vet. Akad. nya Handl., XIX, 1798, 184. (Lapland.) Rance.— Northern parts of the Old World; accidental in Alaska (Norton Sound).] Genus CRYPTOGLAUX RicHMonp. & Cryptoglaux RicuMonp, Auk, XVIII, April, 1901, 193. Type, by orig. desig., Strix tengmalmi GMELIN = Strix funerea LINN&XUS. Cryptoglaux funérea (LINN 2Us). RancE.— Northern part of the Northern Hemisphere. a. [Cryptoglaux funerea funerea. Extralimital.] b. Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni (Bonaparte). Richardson’s Owl. [371.] Nyctale richardsoni BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 7. (Bangor, Maine.) Rance.— Northern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and upper Canadian zones from limit of trees in central Alaska and northern central 172 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Mackenzie south to northern British Columbia, northern Alberta, and Magdalen Islands; south in winter to southern Canada but rare eastward; casual south to Oregon, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New England. Cryptoglaux acadica (GMELIN). RancE.— Temperate North America. a. Cryptoglaux acadica acadica (GMELIN). Saw-whet Owl. [3872.] Strix acadica GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 296. (Eastern North Amer- ica.) RancE.— North America. Breeds from central and eastern British Co- lumbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to central Arizona, New Mexico, southern Nebraska, northern Indiana, Pennsyl- vania, and Maryland; winters south to southern California, Louisiana, Vir- ginia (casually to the Carolinas), and Maine; casual or accidental in Mexico and Guatemala. b. Cryptoglaux acadica scot#a (Oscoop). Northwestern Saw-whet Owl. [372a.] Nyctala acadica scotea Osaoop, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, 43. (Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RanGE.— Queen Charlotte Islands and British Columbia, south to Puget Sound region. GENUS OTUS PENNANT. Otus PENNANT, Indian Zoology, 1769, 3. Type, by monotypy, Otus bakkamena PENNANT. Otus A4sio (LINN XUs). RanGcE.— Temperate North America, from southern British Colum- bia and the northern border of eastern United States south to north- ern Mexico. a. Otus asio asio (LINNm=US). Screech Owl. [373.] Strix asio Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 92. (Carolina or Vir- ginia.) Rance.— Eastern North America from Minnesota, Ontario, and New Brunswick south to northeastern Texas and Georgia, and west to about the 100th meridian; accidental in England. ORDER RAPTORES. live? b. Otus asio floridanus (Rinaway). Florida Screech Owl. ([373a.] Scops asio var. floridanus Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 200. (Indian River, Florida.) Ranee.— Gulf and South Atlantic States from southeastern Texas to South Carolina, chiefly near the coast. c. Otus asio mecalli (Cassin). Texas Screech Owl. [373b.] Scops mcecallit Cassin, Illustr. Birds Calif., Texas, ete., 1854, 180. (Lower Rio Grande, Texas.) Rance.—Extreme southern Texas to Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. d. Otus asio béndirei (BrewstTER). California Screech Owl. [373c.] Scops asio bendirei Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, Jan., 1882, 31. (Nicasio, California.) RanGE.— Southwestern Oregon and California. e. Otus asio kénnicotti (ELuior). Kennicott’s Screech Owl. [3734d.] Scops kennicottti Exuior, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 99. (Sitka, Alaska.) RaNnGE.— Northwest coast region from Sitka to Oregon. jf. Otus asio maxwelliz (Ringway). Rocky Mountain Screech Owl. [373¢e.] Scops asio, ¢. maxwellie Ripaway, Field & Forest, II, June, 1877, 213. (Boulder Co., Colorado.) Rance.— Foothills and adjacent plains of eastern Rocky Mountains from southeastern Montana to central Colorado. g- Otus asio cineraceus (Ripaway). Mexican Screech Owl. [373/.] Megascops asio cineraceus Ripaway, Auk, XII, Oct., 1895, 390. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) Rance.— Southeastern California, northern Lower California, Arizona, New Mexico, and northwestern Mexico. h. Otus asio aikeni (Brewster). Aiken’s Screech Owl. [373g.] Megascops asio aikent Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 139. (El Paso Co., Colorado.) RanGeE.— Foothills and plains of east central Colorado, south probably to central New Mexico and northeastern Arizona, and east to central Texas. 174 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. i. Otus asio macfarlanei (BREWsTER). MacFarlane’s Screech Owl. [373h.] Megascops asio macfarlanei Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 140. (Fort Walla Walla, Washington.) RanceE.— Interior of British Columbia south to eastern Washington, Oregon, and western Montana. Otus trichépsis (WAGLER). Spotted Screech Owl. [373.1.] Scops trichopsis WAGLER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 276. (Mexico.) RanGE.— Southern Arizona to Guatemala. Otus x4ntusi (BREWSTER). Xantus’s Screech Owl. [373.2.] Megascops xantusi BREwstTER, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XLI, 1902, 93. (Santa Anita, Lower California.) RanGE.— Southern Lower California. Otus flamméolus (Kaup). Rance.— Interior and western North America from southern British Columbia south to the highlands of Guatemala, and east to Colorado. a. Otus flammeolus flammeolus (Kaur). Flammulated Screech Owl. [374.] Scops flammeola Katp, Trans. Zogl. Soc. Lond., IV, Pt. 6, 1859, 226. (Mexico.) Rance.— Arizona and northern Colorado south to central Mexico and the highlands of Guatemala. b. Otus flammeolus idahoénsis (MeRRIAM). Dwarf Screech Owl. [374a.] Megascops flammeolus idahoensis Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 5, July, 1891, 96, pl. i. (Ketchum, Idaho.) RaneGe.— Southern British Columbia, eastern Washington, and Idaho south to San Bernardino Mountains, California. GENUS BUBO DuMERIL. Bubo Dumérit, Zool. Analytique, 1806, 34. Type, by tautonymy, Strix bubo LINN &US. ORDER RAPTORES. Mids Buibo virginianus (GMELIN). RanGE.— Greater part of North and South America. a. Bubo virginianus virginianus (GMELIN). Great Horned Owl. [375.] Strix virginiana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 287. (Virginia.) Ranae.— Eastern North America from Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland south to the Gulf coast and Florida, west to Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota, Iowa, and eastern Texas. b. Bubo virginianus palléscens Stone. Western Horned Owl. [375a.] Bubo virginianus pallescens STONE, Amer. Nat., XX XI, March, 1897, 237. (18 miles southwest of San Antonio, Texas.) Rance.— Western United States (exclusive of the higher mountains) from eastern Oregon, Montana, and Minnesota south to southeastern California, Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, and northeastern Mexico. : c. Bubo virginianus subarcticus Hoy. Arctic Horned Owl. ([375b.] Bubo subarcticus Hoy, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., VI (1852), 1853, 211. (Near Racine, Wisconsin.) ' ¢ Ranee.— Breeds from northwestern Mackenzie and central Keewatin to valley of the Saskatchewan, and probably in the glacier region of Mt. St. Elias and Mt. Fairweather; south in winter to northern United States from Idaho to Wisconsin. d. Bubo virginianus pacificus Cassin. Pacific Horned Owl. ([375d.] Bubo virginianus var. pacificus Cassin, Illustr. Birds Calif., Texas, ete., July, 1854, 178... (“the west”’ = California, as restricted.) RanceE.— Interior of California, and northeast to Klamath Lakes, Oregon, and southwest to San Diego region. e. Bubo virginianus saturdatus Ringway. Dusky Horned Owl. [375c.] Bubo virginianus saturatus Ripaway, Orn. 40th Parallel, 1877, 572 (note). (Simiahmoo, Washington.) Rance.— Pacific region from the interior of Alaska (Fort Yukon), Cook Inlet, and Prince William Sound south along the coast to San Luis Obispo County, California, and in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico; east in winter to Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River. jf. Bubo virginianus elachistus Brewster. Dwarf Horned Owl. [375¢e.] Bubo virginianus elachistus BreEwstTEeR, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodél., XLI, 1902, 96. (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RanGe.— Lower California from San Quintin southward. 176 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. g. Bubo virginianus heterocnémis (OBERHOLSER). Labrador Horned Owl. (875f.] Asio magellanicus heterocnemis OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVII, 1904, 187. (Lance au Loup [ = Wolf Bay], Labrador.) Ranee.— Northern Ungava and Labrador. h. Bubo virginianus algistus (OpERHOLSER). Saint Michael Horned Owl. [3759.] Asio magellanicus algistus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX VII, 1904, 190. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RancGe.— Coast region of northern Alaska from Bristol Bay and the Yukon delta northward. GENUS NYCTEA STEPHENS. Nyctea StePHENS, General Zoology, XIII, ii, 1826, 62. Type, by tau- tonymy, Strix erminea SHaw = Strix nyctea LINNXUS. Nyctea nyctea (LINN&US). Snowy Owl. [376.] Strix nyctea Linnzavus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 93. (Sweden.) RancE.— Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds on barren grounds from the islands of Bering Sea and the Yukon delta to Melville Island and northern Greenland south to central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava; winters from the Arctic coast south to the southern Canadian Provinces and Montana, and irregularly to the Middle States and Ohio Valley, strag- gling to California, Texas, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Bermuda. GENUS SURNIA DuMEeRIL. Surnia Dumeérit, Zool. Analytique, 1806, 34. Type, by subs. desig., Strix funerea auct.= Strix ulula Linnaus (Gray, 1841). Sarnia tlula (LINN avs). Rance.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. a. [Surnia ulula ulula (Linna/vus). European Hawk Owl. [377.] Strix ulula Linnxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 93. (Sweden.) RanceE.— Northern parts of Old World; casual in Alaska (St. Michael).] ORDER RAPTORES. U7 b. Surnia ulula cA4paroch (Miturr). Hawk Owl. [377a.] Strix caparoch Miuurr, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 69. (Hudson Bay.) RanGce.— Northern North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and Hudson Strait to southern British Columbia, central Alberta (casually Montana), and Ungava; winters south to the southern Canadian Provinces, casually to Washington, Nebraska, Indiana, Ohio, New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and Maine; occasional in England. GENUS SPEOTYTO GLoGER. Speotyto GLocER, Hand- und Hilfsbuch, 1842, 226. Type, by monotypy, Strix cunicularia Mouina. Spedtyto cunicularia (Mourn). RanGE.— Western United States, southern Florida, the Bahamas, West Indies, Mexico, and southward to southern South America. a. [Speotyto cunicularia cunicularia. Extralimital.] b. Speotyto cunicularia hypogéa (Bonaparte). Burrowing Owl. [378.] Strix hypugea Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., I, 1825, 72 (note). (Western United States.) RanGce.— Western United States from the Pacific coast to Minnesota and Louisiana, and from British Columbia and Manitoba south to Panama; mi- gratory north of Oregon and northern Kansas; accidental in New York and Massachusetts. c. Speotyto cunicularia floridana Ringway. Florida Burrowing Owl. [37S8a.] Speotyto cunicularia var. floridana Ripaway, Amer. Sportsman, IV, July 4, 1874, 216. (16 miles east of Sarasota Bay, Manatee Co., Florida.) RaNnGE.— Southern Florida. GENUus GLAUCIDIUM Bote. Glaucidium Born, Isis, XIX, 1826, 970. Type, by monotypy, Striz passerina LINNBUS. 178 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Glaucidium gn6ma WAGLER. RaNnGE.— Western North America from southern British Columbia south to Guatemala. a. Glaucidium gnoma gnoma WacLER. Pygmy Owl. [379.] Glaucidium gnoma WaGLER, Isis, XXV, 1832, 275. (Mexico.) RanGE.— Western North America from Cariboo District, interior of British Columbia, south in mountains to Guatemala and east to eastern Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico. b. Glaucidium gnoma califérnicum Scuater. California Pygmy Owl. [379a.] Glaucidium californicum ScuaTER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 4. (Ore- gon and California.) Ranae.— Pacific coast region from southwestern British Columbia south to Monterey, California. Glaucidium héskinsi BRewsTER. Hoskins’s Pygmy Owl. [879.1.] Glaucidium gnoma hoskinsii Brewster, Auk, V, April, 1888, 136. (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RanGeE.— Extreme southern Lower California. Glaucidium phalenoides (DaupIN). Ferruginous Pygmy Owl. [380.] Strix phalenoides Daun, Traité d’Orn., II, 1800, 206. (Trinidad.) RaNnGE.— Southern border of the United States from Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas south to southern Brazil. Genus MICROPALLAS Coves. Micropallas Cours, Auk, VI, Jan., 1889, 71. Type, by orig. desig., Athene whitneyi CoorEr. Micropdllas whitneyi (J. G. Coorrer). Elf Owl. [381.] Athene whitneyi Cooprer, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., I, 1861, 118. (Fort Mojave, Colorado Valley, Arizona.) RaANGE.— Southern and Lower California, east to southern Texas, south over the tableland of Mexico to Puebla. ORDER PSITTACI. 179 OrpDER PSITTACI. Parrots, Macaws, Paro-— QUETS ELC: FamMity PSITTACIDZ. Parrots, Macaws, AND PAROQUETS. GENUS CONUROPSIS SaLvaport. Conuropsis SALvApoRI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX, 1891, 203. Type, by orig. desig., Psittacus carolinensis LINN&US. Conurépsis carolinénsis (LINNamUS). Carolina Paroquet. [382.] Psittacus carolinensis Linn =vs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 97. (Carolina.) Ranee.— Now probably restricted to Florida, and there only of rare local occurrence; formerly from the Atlantic coast of southeastern United States west to Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern Colorado, and north to Nebraska, Iowa, Wisconsin, and southern border of the Great Lakes, and casually to New York and Pennsylvania. GENUS RHYNCHOPSITTA BonaPARTE. Rhynchopsitta BONAPARTE, Revue et Mag. Zool., VI, 1854, 149. Type, by monotypy, Macrocercus pachyrhynchus SwWAINSON. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Swainson). Thick-billed Parrot. [382.1.] Macrocercus pachyrhynchus Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, 1827, 439. (Tableland of Mexico.) Rance.— Mountains bordering the Mexican tableland, northward casually to the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. 180 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER COCCYGES. Cuckoos, ETC. SUBORDER CUCULI. Cuckoos, ETc. Famity CUCULIDA. Cuckoos, ANIS, ETC. SupramMity CROTOPHAGINAS. Anis. GENUS CROTOPHAGA LINN ZUs. Crotophaga Linnmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 105. Type, by mono- typy, Crotophaga ani LINN US. [Crotéphaga ani Linnmus. Ani. [383.] Crotophaga ani Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 105. (Jamaica.) RancEe.— West Indies, Yucatan, and eastern South America; rare or casual in Louisiana and southern Florida; accidental near Phila- delphia, and Edenton, North Carolina.] Crotophaga sulciréstris SwAINSON. Groove-billed Ani. [384.] Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, 1827, 440. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) RanceE.— Tropical regions of North and South America. Breeds from the lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and from southern Lower California south to Peru; casual in Arizona, Kansas, Louisiana, and Florida. Susramity NECMORPHINAS. Grounp Cuckoos. GENUS GEOCOCCYX WaGLER. Geococcyx Wacuer, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 524. Type, by monotypy, Geo- coccyx variegata WAGLER = Saurothera californiana LEsson. ORDER COCCYGES. 181 Geocéccyx californianus (Lesson). Road-runner. [885.] Saurothera californiana Lesson, Compl. Giuvres Buffon, VI, 1829, 420. (California.) RanGcEe.— Mainly Lower Sonoran and lower part of Upper Sonoran zones in California (north to upper Sacramento Valley), Colorado, Kansas, and western and middle Texas south through Lower Cali- fornia and the tableland of Mexico to Puebla. Supramity COCCYZINAS. American Cuckoos. GENUS COCCYZUS VIEILLOT. Coccyzus ViEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 28. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘Coucou de la Caroline, Buff.’? = Cuculus americanus LINN&US. Coccyzus minor (GMELIN). Rance.— Florida Keys south through the West Indies and Mexico to Central America and northern South America. a. Coccyzus minor minor (GMELIN). Mangrove Cuckoo. [386.] Cuculus minor GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 411. (Cayenne.) Rancr.— Key West, Florida, West Indies (except Bahamas), and coast of Mexico and Central America to northeastern South America. [b. Coccyzus minor mafnardi Ringway. Maynard’s Cuckoo. [386a.] Coccyzus maynardt Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 274. (Ten Thousand Islands, Florida.) Rance.— Florida Keys and the Bahamas.] Coccyzus americénus (LINN US). RancEe.— Temperate North America, south in winter to South America. a. Coccyzus americanus americanus (Linnmus). Yellow-billed Cuckoo. [387.] Cuculus americanus Linnasus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1,1758,111. (Carolina.) Rance.— Parts of North and South America. Breeds mainly in Austral zones but reaching into Transition, from North Dakota, Minnesota, southern 182 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick south to Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Louisiana, and northern Florida, and west to South Dakota, Nebraska, and Oklahoma; migrates through the West Indies and Central America; winters in South America south to Ecuador, Bolivia, and Argentina. b. Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ripaway. California Cuckoo. ([387a.] Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Rripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887; 273. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Sonoran zones from British Columbia to southern Lower California and Chihuahua, and from the Pacific coast to eastern Colorado and western Texas; winter home unknown, probably in South America; Costa Rica in migration. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Witson). Black-billed Cuckoo. [388.] Cuculus erythrophthalmus Wiutson, Amer. Orn., [V, 1811, 16, pl. 28, fig. 2. (Probably near Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds mainly in the Tran- sition Zone from southeastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, southern Quebec, and Prince Edward Island south to Kansas, Arkansas, North Carolina, and mountains of Georgia; winters in South America from Colombia to Peru. [Susramity CUCULINAS. True Cucxoos. GENus CUCULUS LINN &xUs. | Cuculus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 110. Type, by subs. desig., Cuculus canorus Linn&us (Gray, 1840). Ciculus canérus LINNZUS. RancE.— Greater part of the Old World; accidental in Alaska. a. [Cuculus canorus canorus. Extralimital.] b. Cuculus canorus telephénus Heiner. Kamchatka Cuckoo. ([388.1.] Cuculus telephonus Heine, Journ. fiir Orn., 1863, 352. (Japan.) Rance.— An Asiatic subspecies, accidental on St. Paul, Pribilof Islands, Alaska.] ORDER COCCYGES. 183 SUBORDER TROGONES. Trocons. Famity TROGONIDA. TRrocons. GENUS TROGON Brisson. Trogon Brisson, Orn., IV, 1760, 164. Type, by subs. desig., Trogon viridis LiInnmjus = T. strigilatus Linnazus (Stone, 1907). Trogon ambiguus GouLp. Coppery-tailed Trogon. [389.] Trogon ambiguus Goutp, Proce. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1835, 30. (Northern Mexico.) RanGE.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas and southern Arizona to southern Mexico (Oaxaca and Guerrero); rare in the United States. SUBORDER ALCYONES. KINGFISHERS. Famity ALCEDINIDZA. KINGFISHERS. GENUS CERYLE Bote. Ceryle Born, Isis, X XI, 1828, 316. Type, by subs. desig., Alcedo rudis Linnzwus (Gray, 1840). Suspcenus MEGACERYLE Kavp. Megaceryle Kaur, Verh. naturhist. Vereins Hessen, II, 1848, 68. Type, Alcedo guttata Boppanrt = Alcedo maxima PALuas. Céryle alcyon (LiNNa&us). Belted Kingfisher. [390.] Alcedo alcyon Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 115. (North America.) Ranee.— North America and northern South America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, 184 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the southern border of United States; winters from British Columbia, Nebraska, L[linois, Indiana, Ohio, and Virginia south to the West Indies, Colombia, and Guiana, and irregularly as far north as Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, and Ontario. [Ceryle torquata (LINNaus). Ringed Kingfisher. [390.1.] Alcedo torquata LINNxUs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 180. (“‘Martinica, Mexico.’’) RanGE.— Tropical Mexico and southward to southern Brazil; casual on Lower Rio Grande, Texas.] Suscenus CHLOROCERYLE Kavp. Chloroceryle Kaur, Verh. naturhist. Vereins Hessen, II, 1848, 68. Type, by subs. desig., Alcedo amazona LaTHAM (Gray, 1855). Ceryle americéna (GMELIN). Rance.— Northern Mexico south to northern Argentina. a. [Ceryle americana americana. Extralimital.] b. Ceryle americana septentrionalis SHarpr. Texas Kingfisher. [391.] Ceryle septentrionalis SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, 134. (Type locality not given.) RancGeE.— Southern Texas and Sinaloa, Mexico, south to Panama. ORDER PICI. 185 OrpDER PICI. WoobDPECKERS, WRYNECKS, ETC. Famity PICIDA. WoopreEckeERrs. GENUS CAMPEPHILUS Gray. Campephilus Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 54. Type, by orig. desig., Picus principalis LINN xs. Campéphilus principdlis (LinN.xus). Ivory-billed Woodpecker. [392.] Picus principalis Linnazus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 118. (Carolina.) Rance.— Formerly South Atlantic and Gulf States from Texas to North Carolina, north in Mississippi Valley to Oklahoma, Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana; now restricted to the lower Mississippi Valley and Gulf States, and of local distribution. GENUS DRYOBATES Borer. Dryobates Botr, Isis, XXI, 1826, 977. Type, by monotypy Picus pubes- cens LINNAQUS. Dry6bates villésus (LINN&us). Rance.— Wooded parts of North America from near tree limit south to Gulf of Mexico and Panama. a. Dryobates villosus villosus (Linnmus). Hairy Woodpecker. [393.] Picus villosus Linnaus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, I, 1766, 175. (New Jersey.) RanGeE.— Transition and Upper Austral zones of northeastern United States from Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and Oklahoma east to middle and northern parts of Eastern States. b. Dryobates villosus leucémelas (Bopparrr). Northern Hairy Woodpecker. [393a.] Picus leucomelas BoppaErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 21. (Canada.) 186 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanceE.— Canadian Zone of northern North America from middle Yukon, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Quebee south to about the northern boundary of the United States. c. Dryobates villosus aiduboni (Swainson). Southern Hairy Woodpecker. [893b.] Picus audubonii Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 306. (Georgia.) Ranau.— Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Virginia to southeastern Texas. d. Dryobates villosus harrisi (AupuBon). Harris’s Woodpecker. [393c.] Picus harrisi Aupugson, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 417, figs. 8, 9. (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RancE.— Humid Transition Zone of Pacific coast from southeastern Alaska to Humboldt Bay, California; in winter south to Monterey. e. Dryobates villosus hyléscopus Capanis & Herne. Cabanis’s Woodpecker. [893d.] Dryobates hyloscopus Casanis & Herne, Mus. Hein., IV, ii, 1863, 69 (note). (San José, California.) RancE.— Canadian and Transition zones from northern California, southern Utah, northwestern and central New Mexico, and extreme southwestern Texas, south to mountains of western Zacatecas, Mexico. f. Dryobates villosus monticola AnrHony. Rocky Mountain Hairy Wood- pecker. [393¢e.] Dryobates villosus monticola ANTHONY, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 54. (Boulder Co., Colorado.) Raneor.— Canadian and Transition zones of the Rocky Mountains from eastern Washington and Montana south to Utah and New Mexico, and east to western Nebraska. g. Dryobates villosus picoideus Oscoop. Queen Charlotte Woodpecker. [393f,] Dryobates picoideus Oscoop, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, 44. (Mores- by Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RancGE.— Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. h. Dryobates villosus térren6ve BatcHeLDER. Newfoundland Woodpecker. [893 9.] Dryobates villosus terrenove BATCHELDER, Proc. N. Engl. Zodl. Club, IV, June 24, 1908, 37. (Placentia, Newfoundland.) Rance.— Newfoundland. ORDER PICI. 187 Dryobates pubéscens (LINN US). RanacE.— Temperate North America. a. Dryobates pubescens pubescens (LiInNmus). Southern Downy Wood- pecker. [594.] Picus pubescens LinNxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 175. (Carolina.) RancGe.— Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from North Carolina to eastern Texas. b. Dryobates pubescens gairdneri (AUDUBON). Gairdner’s Woodpecker. (894a.] Picus gairdnerii AupuBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 317. (Near Fort Van- couver, Washington.) RanGE.— Humid Transition Zone of Pacifie coast from southern British Columbia south to Mendocino County, California. c. Dryobates pubescens homorus Capanis & Herne. Batchelder’s Wood- pecker. [394b.] Dryobates homorus CaBanis & Herne, Mus. Hein., IV, u1, 1863, 65 (note). (California.) RanceE.— Canadian and Transition zones from southern British Columbia east of Cascade range to eastern California, western Nebraska, and extreme eastern Colorado. d. Dryobates pubescens medianus (Swainson). Downy Woodpecker. [394c.] Picus (Dendrocopus) medianus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., I], 1831 (1832), 308. (New Jersey.) RanGe.— Canadian and Transition zones of northern and central parts of eastern North America from southeastern Alberta, Manitoba, and southern Ungava south to eastern Nebraska, Kansas, and Potomac Valley, and in mountains to North Carolina. e. Dryobates pubescens nélsoni OsrerHotseR. Nelson’s Downy Wood- pecker. [394d] Dryobates pubescens nelsoni OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, 549. (Nulato, Alaska.) RanGE.— Canadian Zone from northwestern Alaska and southwestern Mackenzie to central Alberta. jf. Dryobates pubescens turdti (MaALHERBE). Willow Woodpecker. [394e.] Picus turati MALHERBE, Monogr. Picidées, I, 1860, 125, pl. 28, figs. 1-3. (Near Monterey, California.) Rance.— Upper Sonoran and Transition zones of California (except on northwest coast and desert ranges). 188 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Dryobates borealis (VIEILLOT). Red-cockaded Woodpecker. [395.] Picus borealis VrE1LLoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809 ?), 66, pl. 122. (“Dans le nord des Etats-Unis.” = Southern States.) RanGeE.— Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States north to southwestern Virginia, Tennessee, and southern Missouri, and casually to New Jersey. Dryobates scalaris (WAGLER). Rance.— North America from southern part of western United States to southern end of Mexican tableland. a. [Dryobates scalaris scalaris. Extralimital.] b. Dryobates scalaris bairdi (MALHERBE). Texas Woodpecker. [396.] Picus bairdi MALHERBE, Monogr. Picidées, I, 1861?, 118, pl. 27, figs. 7, 8. (Mexico.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran desert region from southeastern California to central Texas and from southern Nevada, Utah, and Colorado south to north- ern Mexico. c. Dryobates scalaris lucasdnus (Xanrus). San Lucas Woodpecker. [396a.] Picus lucasanus Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 298. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGE.— Lower Sonoran deserts from San Gorgonio Pass in southern Cali- fornia south to southern Lower California. Dryobates nittalli (GaMBEL). Nuttall’s Woodpecker. [397.] Picus nuttaliti GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1848, 259. (Los Angeles, California.) RancE.— Upper Sonoran Zone from southwestern Oregon to northwestern Lower California, west of the Sierra. Dryobates arizéne (Haraitr). Arizona Woodpecker. [398.] Picus arizone Harairt, Ibis, April, 1886, 115. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RanGcE.— Upper Sonoran Zone in mountains from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south through the Sierra Madre to Zacatecas. ORDER PICI. 189 GENUS XENOPICUS Bairp. Xenopicus Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 83. Type, by monotypy, Leuconerpes albolarvatus Cassin. Xenopicus albolarvatus (CAssIN). White-headed Woodpecker. [399.] Leuconerpes albolarvatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 106. (Oregon Cafion, near Georgetown, 12 miles from Sutter’s Mill, California.) Rance.— Transition Zone in mountains from southern British Columbia to southern California, east to eastern Oregon, western Idaho, and western Nevada. GENUS PICOIDES Lac&prpDeE. Picoides Lackprpr, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 7. Type, by subs. desig., Picus tridactylus LINNaUS (Gray, 1840). Picoides arcticus (SwaINson). Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. [400.] Picus (Apternus) arcticus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 313. (Near sources of Athabaska River, Lat. 53° N., eastern declivity of Rocky Mountains.) RancGe.— Canadian Zone of northern North America from southern Alaska, central Yukon, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to the Sierra Nevada of California and moun- tains of Nevada, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota (Black Hills), Minne- sota, Michigan, northern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; casual in winter to Nebraska, Illinois, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Picoides americanus BrEHM. RancGe.— Northern North America, south in Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and Arizona. a. Picoides americanus americanus BreuM. Three-toed Woodpecker. [401.] Picoides americanus BreHM, Handbuch Végel Deutschl., 1831, 195. (‘‘ Amerika.’’) 190 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanceE.— Boreal forests from central Ungava to northern Minnesota, south- ern Ontario, northern New York, Maine, and New Hampshire; casual in winter to Massachusetts. b. Picoides americanus fascidtus Bairp. Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker. [401a.] Picoides americanus var. fasciatus Barrp, in Cooper, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., I, 1870, 385. (Fort Simpson, Mackenzie River.) Rancr.— Hudsonian and Canadian zones in Alaska, Mackenzie, and Keewatin south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and south- western Keewatin. c. Picoides americanus dorsalis Bairp. Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker. [4016] Picoides dorsalis Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 100. (Laramie Peak, Wyoming.) RanGe.— Boreal forests of Rocky Mountains region from Montana and Idaho to high mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. GENUS SPHYRAPICUS Barrp. Sphyrapicus Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 101. Type, by orig. desig., Picus varius LINN &US. Sphyrapicus varius (LINN vs). RancGE.— Northern North America from near tree limit south, in winter, to Central America. a. Sphyrapicus varius varius (Linnmus). Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. [402.] Picus varius Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 176. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and upper part of Alleghanian Zone from southwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to central Alberta, northern Missouri, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, North Carolina (mountains), and Massa- chusetts (mountains of northern Berkshire County); winters from Penn- sylvania and Ohio Valley (casually further north) to the Gulf coast, Bahamas, Cuba, western Mexico (Jalisco), and Costa Rica; casual in Wyoming. b. Sphyrapicus varius nuch4lis Barrp. Red-naped Sapsucker. [402a] Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., TX, 1858, 103. (Mimbres River, New Mexico.) ORDER PICI. 191 RaNnceE.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal and Transition zones from central British Columbia and southern Alberta south to northeastern California, central New Mexico, and western Texas; winters south to west central Mexico; casual in Kansas and southern Lower California. Sphyrapicus riber (GMELIN). RanGE.— Western North America, mainly west of the coast ranges. a. Sphyrapicus ruber ruber (GMELIN). Red-breasted Sapsucker. [403.] Picus ruber GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 429. (‘‘Cayenne’’ = Pacific coast of United States.) RanGE.— Pacific coast region. Breeds in Transition Zone from northern California to mountains of southern California, east to the western slope of the Sierra Nevada; in winter south to southern Lower California. b. Sphyrapicus ruber notkénsis (Suckow). Northern Red-breasted Sap- sucker. [403a.] Picus ruber notkensis Suckow, Anfangsgr. Nat. Thiere, II, i, 1800, 535. (Nootka Sound, B. C.) RanGcE.— Humid Canadian and Transition forests of the Northwest coast from Skagway, Alaska, to Siskiyou Mountains, northern California, east to eastern slope of Cascades; in winter south to Monterey, California. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin). Williamson’s Sapsucker. [404.] Picus thyroideus Cassin, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1852, 349. (California.) RanGE.— Boreal mountain forests of western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and Montana south to southern California, central Arizona, and central New Mexico; winters in southern California, New Mexico, western Texas, and south to Jalisco, Mexico. GENUS PHLG@OTOMUS Capanis & HEINE. Phleotomus CABANIS & Heine, Mus. Hein., IV, ii, 1863, 102. Type, by orig. desig., Picus pileatus LINNxxUs. Phledtomus piledtus (LINN xus). Rance.— Wooded regions of North America, mainly east of the Rocky Mountains. 192 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Phiceotomus pileatus pileatus (LinNazus). Pileated Woodpecker. [405.] Picus pileatus Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Carolina.) Rance.— Austroriparian forests of southern United States from North Carolina south and west to middle Texas and western Oklahoma; casual in the Bahamas. b. Phileotomus pileatus abieticola (BANas). Northern Pileated Woodpecker. [405a.] Ceophleus pileatus abieticola BANas, Auk, XV, April, 1898, 176. (Green- ville, Maine.) Rance.— Canadian and Transition zone forests of North America from northeastern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland to the southern Sierra Nevada of Cali- fornia, northern New Mexico, and the southern Alleghenies. GENUS MELANERPES Swatnson. Melanerpes Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 316. Type, by orig. desig., Picws erythrocephalus LINNmUs. Melanérpes erythrocéphalus (LinNamus). Red-headed Wocdpecker. [406.] Picus erythrocephalus LinNmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 113. (Caro- lina.) RancGE.— Transition and Austral zones from southeastern British Columbia, southern Alberta, Manitoba, and Ontario south to the Gulf coast, and from central Montana, central Colorado, and central Texas east to valleys of the Hudson and Delaware; rare and local in New England; casual in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick; irregularly migratory in the northern parts of its range. Melanerpes formicivorus (SWAINSON). Rance.— Western North America from Oregon and western Texas to Panama. a. Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus (Swainson). Ant-eating Wood- pecker. [407.] Picus formicivorus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 489. (Tem- ascaltepec, Mexico.) Rance.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from northern Arizona, northern New Mexico, and western Texas south through Mexico to Isthmus of Tehuantepec. ORDER PICI. 193 b. Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Rimnaway. California Woodpecker. [407a.] Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi Ripaway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 21, 1881, 34, 85. (Petaluma, California.) RancEe.— Upper Sonoran and lower part of Transition zones of the Pacific coast region from northwestern Oregon south to northern Lower California. c. Melanerpes formicivorus angUstifrons Bairp. Narrow-fronted Wood- pecker. [407b.] Melaner pes formicivorus var. angustifrons Bairp, in Cooper, Geol. Sury. Calif., Orn., I, 1870, 405. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RaNnGE.— Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS ASYNDESMUS Cougs. Asyndesmus Cougs, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 55. Type, by orig. desig., Picus torquatus WiLson = Asyndesmus lewisit RILEY. Asyndésmus léwisi Rirey. Lewis’s Woodpecker. [408.] Asyndesmus lewist Ritey, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., XVIII, 1905, 225. (Montana, about Lat. 46° N.) RancE.— Transition Zone from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta to Arizona and New Mexico and from the inner coast ranges of California to the Black Hills, South Dakota, and western Nebraska; in winter to southern California, western Texas, and Chihuahua, Mexico; casual in western Kansas. GENUS CENTURUS SwaInson. Centurus Swarnson, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 310. Type, by monotypy, Picus carolinus LINN&US. Centirus carolinus (LINNa&uS). Red-bellied Woodpecker. [409.] Picus carolinus Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 118. (Carolina.) RanGEe.— Upper and Lower Austral zones of eastern United States from southeastern South Dakota, southeastern Minnesota, south- western Ontario, western New York, southwestern Pennsylvania, and Delaware south to central Texas and the Gulf coast; casual north to Colorado and Massachusetts. 194 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Centurus atrifrons (WAGLER). Golden-fronted Woodpecker. [410.] Picus aurifrons WaGcuER, Isis, XXII, 1829, 512. (Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Central northern Texas south to Valley of Mexico. Centurus uropygidlis Barrp. Gila Woodpecker. [411.] Centurus uropygialis Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 120. (Bill Williams Fork of Colorado River, Arizona.) RanGE.— Lower part of Lower Sonoran Zone from the Colorado Valley in southeastern California and the extreme southeastern corner of Nevada east through southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, and south through Lower California and western Mexico to Tepic. GENUS COLAPTES Viaors. Colaptes Vicors, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIV, Pt. iii, 1825, 457 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Cuculus auratus LINN&US. Colaptes auratus (LINN vs). Rance.— Eastern North America, from tree limit south to the Gulf coast. a. Colaptes auratus auratus (Linnmus). Flicker. [412.] Cuculus auratus LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 112. (Carolina.) Ranee.— Austroriparian Zone of South Atlantic and Gulf States from North Carolina and southern Illinois to southern Florida and central Texas. b. Colaptes auratus luteus Bancs. Northern Flicker. [412a.] Colaptes auratus luteus BANes, Auk, XV, April, 1898, 177. (Watertown, Mass.) Rance.— Northern and eastern North America. Breeds from tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south, east of the Rocky Mountains, to northern edge of Austroriparian Zone; occasional on Pacific slope from California north- ward; accidental in Greenland; migratory through most of Canada but more or less regularly resident within the United States, except the extreme northern parts; south in winter to the Gulf coast and southern Texas. ORDER PICI. 195 Colaptes cifer (GMELIN). Rance.— Western North America from southern Alaska and central British Columbia south to Oaxaca, Mexico. a. ([Colaptes cafer cafer. Extralimital.] b. Colaptes cafer collaris Vicors. Red-shafted Flicker. [413.] Colaptes ecollaris Vicors, Zool. Journ., 1V, 1829, 354. (Monterey, Cali- fornia.) Rance.— Rocky Mountains and Pacific coast region from central British Solumbia, central Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to northern border of Mexico, west to coast ranges of Washington and Oregon and to Pacific coast from northern California south to Lower California and north- western Mexico, and east to western Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota; casual in northern Alberta and Manitoba. c. Colaptes cafer saturatior Ringway. Northwestern Flicker. [413a.] Colaptes mexicanus saturatior Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 90. (Neah Bay, Washington.) RaNGE.— Humid Transition Zone of Northwest coast from Sitka, Alaska, to northern California. Colaptes chrysoides (MALHERBE). Gilded Flicker. [414.] Geopicus (Colaptes) chrysoides MALHERBE, Revue et Mag. Zool., IV, 1852, 553. (America.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California and southern Arizona south through Lower California and southern Sonora. Colaptes rufipileus Ringway. Guadalupe Flicker. [415.] Colaptes mexicanus rufipileus Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., II, No. 2, April, 1876, 191. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RanGE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. 196 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ORDER MACROCHIRES. GoaTSUCKERS, SWIFTS, ETC. SuBorDER CAPRIMULGI. GoatTsUcKERs, ETC. Famity CAPRIMULGIDZ. GoOaATSUCKERS, ETC. Genus ANTROSTOMUS Bonaparte. Antrostomus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 8. Type, by subs. desig., Caprimulgus carolinensis GMELIN (Gray, 1840.) Antréstomus carolinénsis (GMELIN). Chuck-will’s-widow. [416.] Caprimulgus carolinensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 1028. (Carolina.) RanGE.— Southern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from Missouri, Indiana, southern Ohio, and southern Virginia south to central Texas and Gulf States; casual in Kansas and Maryland; accidental in Massachusetts and Ontario; migrates through eastern Mexico; winters from southern Florida to Greater Antilles, Central America, and Colombia. Antrostomus vociferus (WiLson). RanGE.— Southern Canada south, east of Rocky Mountains, to Gulf coast, and to southern Arizona and tableland of Mexico; in winter south to Salvador. a. Antrostomus vociferus vociferus (W1LsoNn). Whip-poor-will. [417.] Caprimulgus vociferus Wiuson, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 71, pl. 41, figs. 1-3. (Eastern United States [probably near Philadelphia, Pa.].) Ranee.— Eastern North America. Breeds from Manitoba, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to northern parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Georgia, and from eastern North Dakota, Ne- braska, and Kansas eastward; winters from the lowlands of South Carolina and the southern parts of the Gulf States to British Honduras and Salvador. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 197 b. Antrostomus vociferus macromystax (WaGcLER). Stephens’s Whip- poor-will. [417a.]} Caprimulgus macromysiax WaAGLER, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 533. (Mexico.) RanGe.— Southern Arizona, New Mexico, and southwestern Texas south through the mountains of northern Mexico; in winter south to Guatemala. GENUS PHALASNOPTILUS Ripeway. Phalenoptilus Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 5. Type, by orig. desig., Caprimulgus nuttallii AUDUBON. Phalen6ptilus nuttalli (AUDUBON). RANGE.— Central and western North America from the Plains westward to California, and from southeastern British Columbia south, in winter, to central Mexico. a. Phalenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli (AupuBoN). Poor-will. [418.] Caprimulgus nuttallii AupuUBON, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 350, pl. 495. (Upper Missouri, between Fort Pierre and mouth of Cheyenne River, South Dakota.) RancGe.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Son- oran zones from southeastern British Columbia, northwestern North Dakota, and southern South Dakota south to southern Arizona, northern Coahuila, and southern Texas; west to eastern California east of the Sierra; winters from southeastern California and southern Texas to central Mexico. 6. Phalenoptilus nuttalli nitidus Brewster. Frosted Poor-will. [418a.] Phalenoptilus nuttalli nitidus Brewster, Auk, IV, April, 1887, 147. (Nueces River, Texas.) Rance.— Western Kansas south to Coahuila, west to Arizona and the Cape Region of Lower California. c. Phalznoptilus nuttalli californicus Ripaway. Dusky Poor-will. [418b.] Phalenoptilus nuttalli californicus Rripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 588 (note). (Nicasio, California.) RancE.— California west of the Sierra Nevada from about latitude 40° south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones. 198 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GeEeNus NYCTIDROMUS Gou.p. Nyctidromus Goutp, Icones Avium, Pt. II, Aug., 1838, pl. xii. Type, by monotypy, Nyctidromus derbyanus GouLD = Caprimulgus albicollis GMELIN. Nyctidromus albicdllis (GMELIN). RanGE.— Southern Texas south to Argentina. a. [Nyctidromus albicollis albicollis. Extralimital.] b. Nyctidromus albicollis mérrilli Sennetrr. Merrill’s Parauque. [419.] Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli SenNert, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 44. (Nueces River, Nueces Co., Texas.) Rance.— Southern Texas (mainly Rio Grande Valley) south to northern Vera Cruz; in winter along the Gulf coast to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. GENUS CHORDEILES Swarnson. Chordeiles Swatnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 496. Type, by monotypy, Caprimulgus virginianus GMELIN. Chordeiles virginidnus (GMELIN). Rance.— North America, south in migration through the West Indies and Central America to Argentina. a. Chordeiles virginianus virginianus (GMELIN). Nighthawk. [420.] Caprimulgus virginianus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 1028. ( Virginia.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from southern Yukon, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern parts of Gulf States and west to edge of Plains from Minnesota to northeastern Texas; migrates through the Greater Antilles and Central Amer- ica; winters in South America from Brazil to Argentina. b. Chordeiles virginianus hénryi Cassin. Western Nighthawk. [420a.] Chordetles henryi Cassin, Illustr. Birds Calif., Texas, ete., 1855, 239. (Fort Webster, New Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 199 RanGE.— North and South America. Breeds from southeastern British Columbia, Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to southern Texas and mountains of northern Mexico; winters in South America. c. Chordeiles virginianus chapmani Cours. Florida Nighthawk. [420).] Chordiles popetue chapmani Cours, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 37. (Gaines- ville, Florida.) RanceE.— Breeds in the Gulf coast belt from eastern Texas to Florida; winter range unknown. d. Chordeiles virginianus sénnetti Couns. Sennett’s Nighthawk. ([420c.] Chordiles popetue sennettt Couns, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 37. (50 miles west of Pembina, North Dakota.) RanGE.— Breeds on treeless plains from Saskatchewan and Manitoba south to central Nebraska; in migration to Texas; occasional in Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois; winter range unknown, probably in South America. e. Chordeiles virginianus hésperisGrinnetu. Pacific Nighthawk. [420d.] Chordetles virginianus hesperis GRINNELL, Condor, VII, 1905, 170. (Bear Lake, 6700 feet, San Bernardino Mountains, California.) RaNnGE.— Breeds from southwestern British Columbia south along the coast to northern California and in the Sierra Nevada south to the San Bernardino Mountains, southern California; winter home unknown. Chordeiles acutipénnis (BoDDAERT). RanGeE.— California, Utah, and Texas south through the greater part of South America. a. [Chordeiles acutipennis acutipennis. Extralimital.] b. Chordeiles acutipennis texénsis Lawrence. Texas Nighthawk. [421.] Chordeiles texensis LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1857, 167. (Rio Grande, Texas.) Rance.— Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from central California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and southern Texas south to Cape San Lucas and southern Mexico; winters south of the United States to Panama. 200 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SUBORDER CYPSELI. Swirrts. Famity MICROPODIDAE. Swirrts. SuBFAMILY CHASTURINAS. SpineE-TAILED SwiIrts. GENUS CYPSELOIDES STREUBEL. Cypseloides StREUBEL, Isis, 1848, 366. Type, by subs. desig., Hemi- procne fumigata STREUBEL (Sclater, 1865). Cypseloides niger (GMELIN). RancE.— Western North America, the West Indies, and northern South America. a. [Cypseloides niger niger. Extralimital.} b. Cypseloides niger borealis (KENNERLY). Black Swift. [422.] Cypselus borealis KENNERLY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 202. (Simiahmoo Bay, Puget Sound, Washington.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and southern Colorado south to central Mexico; winters in southern Mexico. GENUS CHASTURA STEPHENS. Chetura STEPHENS, General Zoology, XIII, ii, 1826, 76. Type, by subs. desig., Hirundo pelagica LINN&Us (Baird, 1858). Chettra peligica (LINNmUS). Chimney Swift. [423.] Hirundo pelagica Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 192. (Carolina.) RanGcE.— Breeds in eastern North America from southeastern Sas- katchewan, Manitoba, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the Gulf coast, and west to the Plains from eastern Montana to eastern ‘Texas; winters south of the United States, at least to Vera Cruz and Cozumel Island and probably in Central America; casual in southern Alberta; accidental in New Mexico and Greenland. ORDER MACROCHIRES. 201 Chetura vatxi (J. K. TowNseND). Vaux’s Swift. [424.] Cypcelus vauxi TownsenD, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., April, 1839, 348. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RanGcE.— Breeds from southern British Columbia to Santa Cruz Mountains, California; rare or casual east of the Cascades and the Sierra; migrates through Lower California and Arizona and winters in Central America south to Guatemala. SupFraMity MICROPODINA.. Tyrricau Swirts. Genus AERONAUTES Harverr. Aéronautes Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVI, 1892, 459. Type, by orig. desig., Cypselus melanoleucus BAIRD. Aéronatites melanoleticus (Barrp). White-throated Swift. [425.] Cypselus melanoleucus Batrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 118. (Camp 123, on Bill Williams River, [west of Ives Peak, Lat. 34° 15’ N.], Arizona.) RancE.— Breeds from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta south to Lower California and Guatemala, and from the Pacific coast east to the Black Hills and western Nebraska; winters from southern California southward. SuBORDER TROCHILI. Humminasirps. Famity TROCHILIDA. HummMInGpirps. GENUS EUGENES Gow .p. Eugenes Gouup, Monogr. Trochil., IJ, 1856, pl. 59. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus fulgens SWAINSON. Etigenes falgens (SwAINSON). Rivoli’s Hummingbird. [426.] Trochilus fulgens Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 441. (Temas- caltepec, Mexico.) 202 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Mountains of southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, Mexico, and Central America south to Nicaragua. GENUS CYANOLAMUS SrTone. Cyanolemus Srone, Auk, XXIV, April, 1907, 197. Type, by orig. desig., Ornismya clemencie LESSON. Cyanolémus cleméncie (Lesson). Blue-throated Hummingbird. [427.] Ornismya clemencie Lesson, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., 1829, xlv, 216, pl. 80. (Mexico.) Rance.— Mountains of southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, extreme western Texas, and Mexico to Oaxaca. GENUs ARCHILOCHUS ReicHENBACH. Archilochus REICHENBACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 13. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus alexandri BourcierR & MULSANT. Archilochus célubris (LINN&us). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. [428.] Trochilus colubris Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 120. (Carolina to New England.) RancGE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southeastern Sas- katchewan, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to Gulf coast and Florida, west to North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and central Texas; winters from middle and southern Florida and Louis- iana through southern Mexico and Central America to Panama; casual in Cuba in migration. Archilochus alexandri (Bourctrr & Mutsant). Black-chinned Hummingbird. [429.] Trochilus alerandri Bourcier & Muusant, Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, IX, 1846, 330. (Sierra Madre, Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 203 Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from British Columbia to northern Lower California and northern Mexico and from the Pacific to western Mon- tana and central Texas; winters in western Mexico south to Guerrero. GENUS CALYPTE GouLp. Calypte Goutp, Monogr. Trochil., III, 1856, pl. 134. Type, by subs. desig., Ornismya coste BourciER (Elliot, 1879). Calypte céste (BourciER). Costa’s Hummingbird. [430.] Ornismya coste Bourcipr, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 294. (California.) RaNncGE.— Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from southern California and southwestern Utah south to southern Lower California and southern New Mexico; winters in Lower California and northwestern Mexico. Calypte 4nna (Lesson). Anna’s Hummingbird. [431.] Ornismya anna Lesson, Hist. Nat. Ois.-Mouch., 1829, xxxi, 205, pl. 74. (California.) RanGE.— California, chiefly west of the Sierra, and Lower Cali- fornia; migratory in southern Arizona; casual on Guadalupe Island. GENUS SELASPHORUS Swalnson. Selasphorus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 324. Type, by subs. desig., Trochilus rufus GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Selisphorus platycércus (SwaINsoN). Broad-tailed Hummingbird. [432.] Trochilus platycercus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N.S., I, 1827, 441. (Mex- ico.) RanGcre.— Western North America. Breeds from southern Idaho and southern Wyoming to the Valley of Mexico, and from western Nevada to western Nebraska and western Texas; winters in Mexico south to Guatemala. 204 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Selasphorus rafus (GMELIN). Rufous Hummingbird. [433.] Trochilus rufus GMeuin, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 497. (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C.) RanceE.— Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from the coast of Alaska (lat. 61°), east central British Columbia, and southern Alberta south to higher mountains of central California, Arizona, and New Mexico; winters in southern Mexico; in migration east to Wyoming, eastern Colorado, and western ‘Texas. Selasphorus Alleni HeNsHaw. Allen’s Hummingbird. [434.] Selasphorus alleni HansHaw, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, II, July, 1877, 53. (Nicasio, California.) Rance.— Pacific coast region. Breeds from southern British Columbia to northern Lower California; winters in northern Lower California and Sonora, Mexico; accidental in southern Arizona. Genus ATTHIS REICHENBACH. Atthis RetcHENBACH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 12. Type, by subs. desig., Ornismya heloisa Lesson & Der Larrre (Gray, 1855). Atthis mércomi Ripcway. Morcom’s Hummingbird. [435.] Atthis morcomi Ripaway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 325.. (Huachuca Mount- ains, Arizona.) Rance.— Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (only two specimens known). GENUS STELLULA GouLp. Stellula Goutp, Introd. Trochil., 1861, 90. Type, by monotypy, Trochilus calliope GOULD. Stéllula calliope (GouLp). Calliope Hummingbird. [436.] Trochilus (Calothorax) calliope Goutp, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1847, 11. (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) ORDER MACROCHIRES. 205 RaNnGE.— Breeds in mountains of Canadian Zone from southern British Columbia and southern Alberta to southern California and northern New Mexico; winters in Mexico south to Guerrero; casual in Wyoming and Colorado. GeNus CALOTHORAX Gray. Calothorax Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 13. Type, by orig. desig., Cynan- thus lucifer SWAINSON. Calothérax licifer (SwAINSON). Lucifer Hummingbird. [437.] Cynanthus lucifer Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 442. (Temas- caltepec, Mexico.) RanGE.— Southern Arizona and western Texas south to the City of Mexico, Puebla, and Chiapas; winters in Mexico. Genus AMIZILIS Gray. Amizilis Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 14. Type, by subs. desig., Ortho- rhynchus amazili Lesson (Gray, 1855). Amizilis tz4catl (De La Luave). Rieffer’s Hummingbird. [438.] Trochilus tzacatl Dk LA Luave, Registro Trimestre, II, 1833, 48. (Mex- ico.) ; RanGr.— Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas south to Venezuela. Amizilis cervinivéntris GOULD. RanGeE.— Eastern Mexico north to Corpus Christi, Texas. a. [Amizilis cerviniventris cerviniventris. Extralimital.] b. Amizilis cerviniventris chalconéta OprrHoLsER. Buff-bellied Humming- bird. [439.] Amazilia cerviniventris chalconota OBERHOLSER, Auk, XV, Jan., 1898, 32. (“Beeville’”’ = Brownsville, Texas.) RanGE.— Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas south to southern Tamaulipas. 206 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS URANOMITRA REICHENBACH. Uranomitra RetcHenspacH, Journ. fiir Orn., 1853, Extra-Heft, 1854 (Aufz. der Colib.), 10. Type, by subs. desig., Trochilus francie BourcierR & Muusant (Elliot, 1878). Uranomitra sdlvini (BREWSTER). Salvin’s Hummingbird. [439.1.] Cyanomyia salvini Brewster, Auk, X, July, 1893, 214. (Nacosari, Sonora, Mexico.) Rance.— Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, and eastern Sonora (only two specimens known). GENus BASILINNA Bole. Basilinna Born, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 546. Type, by subs. desig., Trochilus leucotis ViEILLoT (Gray, 1855). Basilinna x4ntusi (LAWRENCE). Xantus’s Hummingbird. [440.] Amazilia zantusiti LAwRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VII, 1860, 109. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanceE.— Southern Lower California, rarely north to latitude 29°. Basilinna leucétis (VIEILLOT). White-eared Hummingbird. [440.1.] Trochilus leucotis Vir1LtLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXIII, 1818, 428. (“Brésil’’? = Mexico?) RanGe.— Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita mountains of southeastern Arizona south to Nicaragua. GENUS CYNANTHUS Swainson. Cynanthus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 441. Type, by subs. desig., Cynanthus latirostris Swatnson (Stone, 1907). Cyndnthus latiréstris Swainson. Broad-billed Hummingbird. [441.] Cynanthus latirostris Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 441. (“Table land?” of Mexico.) RanGE.— Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south to the City of Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. bo om) ~J ORDER PASSERES. PErRcHING Birps. SuBoRDER CLAMATORES. SonGuLess PERCHING Birpbs. [Famity COTINGIDA. CortTinaas. GENUS PLATYPSARIS ScuLaTER. Platypsaris ScuatTEerR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 72. Type, by orig. desig., Pachyramphus latirostris BONAPARTE. Platypsaris aglaiz (LAFRESNAYE). RanGE.— Southern border of Arizona to Mexico and Central America. a. [Platypsaris aglaie aglaie. Extralimital.] b. Platypsaris aglaie albivéntris (LAWRENCE). Xantus’s Becard. [441.1.] Hadrostomus albiventris LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 475. (Plains of Colima, Mexico.) Rance.— Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (one specimen) south through western Mexico to Oaxaca; also Nuevo Leon.] Famity TYRANNIDA. Tyrant FLYCATCHERS. GENUS MUSCIVORA LacféprEDeE. Muscivora LackphpE, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 5. Type, by subs. desig., Muscicapa forficata GMELIN (Fischer, 1813). [Muscivora tyrénnus (LINN us). Fork-tailed Flycatcher. [442.] Muscicapa tyrannus LinNavus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 325. (Cayenne.) 208 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Southern Mexico to northern Patagonia; accidental in Mississippi, Kentucky, New Jersey, Maine, and Bermuda.] Muscivora forficdta (GMELIN). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. [443.] Muscicapa forficata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 931. (Mexico.) RanGeE.— Breeds from southern Kansas to southern Texas, casually to southwestern Missouri, western Arkansas, and western Louisiana; winters from southern Mexico to Panama; accidental locally from Colorado, Keewatin, and New Brunswick south to Florida. GENUS TYRANNUS Lack&rEpDe. Tyrannus Lactrkpg, Tableaux Ois., 1799, 5. Type, by tautonymy, Lanius tyrannus LInN»Us. Tyrannus tyrannus (LINN«us). Kingbird. [444.] Lanius tyrannus Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 94. (Carolina.) RanceE.— North and South America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Oregon, northern New Mexico, central Texas, and central Florida; winters from southern Mexico to Colombia, British Guiana, Peru, and Bolivia; casual in Cuba in migration; accidental in Greenland. Tyrannus dominicénsis (GMELIN). Gray Kingbird. [445.] Lanius dominicensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 302. (Santo Domingo.) RancEe.— Breeds from Georgia, southeastern South Carolina, Florida, and Yucatan through the Bahamas and West Indies to northern South America; winters from Jamaica and Haiti southward. Tyrannus melanchélicus VIEILLOT. RanGE.— South America, Central America, and Mexico, north to Lower Rio Grande Valley. a. [Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus. Extralimital.] ORDER PASSERES. 209 b. Tyrannus melancholicus cotchi Barrp. Couch’s Kingbird. [446.] Tyrannus couchii Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 175. (Nuevo Leon, Mexico.) RanGe.— Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south in northeastern Mexico to Vera Cruz and Puebla; winters in Mexico. Tyrannus verticdlis Say. Arkansas Kingbird. [447.] Tyrannus verticalis Say, in Lona’s Exped., II, 1823, 60 (note). (Near La Junta, Colorado.) RancEe.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Sonoran zones, from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan south to northern Lower California and Chihuahua, east to western Minnesota, western Iowa, central Kansas, and western Texas; winters from western Mexico to Guatemala; casual in Mani- toba; accidental in Missouri, Wisconsin, Maine, New York, New Jersey, and Maryland. Tyrannus vociferans SwAINSON. Cassin’s Kingbird. [448.] Tyrannus vociferans Swatnson, Quart. Journ. Sci., XX, 1826, 273. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from central California and southern Wyoming south to Michoacan and Jalisco, Mexico, and east to eastern Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters from southern California and northern Mexico to Guatemala; casual in Oregon and northern California. GENUS PITANGUS SwaINson. Pitangus Swainson, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 165. Type, by orig. desig., Tyrannus sulphuratus VretLLot = Lanius sulphuratus LiINN&Us. Pitaéngus sulphuratus (LINN&Us). Rance.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Mexico, Central and South America to Bolivia and Argentina. 210 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Pitangus sulphuratus sulphuratus. Extralimital.] b. Pitangus sulphuratus derbidnus (Kaur). Derby Flycatcher. [449.] Saurophagus derbianus Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851 (Oct., 1852), 44, pl. xxxvi. (Zacatecas, Mexico.) RanGeE.— Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south to Costa Rica. GENUS MYIODYNASTES Bonaparte. Myiodynastes BONAPARTE, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, II, 1857, 35. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa audaz GMELIN. Myiodynastes luteivéntris ScLATER. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher. [451.] Myiodynastes luteiventris ScuateR, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1859, 42. (Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RanGe.— Mountains of southeastern Arizona south to Panama; winters south of the United States. GENUS MYIARCHUS CaBanIs. Myiarchus Casanis, Archiv fiir Naturg., 1844, I, 272. Type, by subs. desig., Muscicapa ferox GMELIN (Gray, 1855). Myiarchus crinitus (LInN&us). Crested Flycatcher. [452.] Turdus crinitus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 170. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North and northern South America. Breeds from upper edge of Transition Zone in southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to southern Texas and southern Florida; winters from eastern and southern Mexico to Panama and Colombia; accidental in Wyoming and Cuba. Myiarchus magister RipGway. RanGE.— Southwestern border of the United States south to Central America. ORDER PASSERES. Pain a. Myiarchus magister magister Ripaway. Arizona Crested Flycatcher. [453.] Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ripaway, Proce. Biol. Soe. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 90. (Camp Lowell, Arizona.) RaANGE.— Southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south through western Mexico to Oaxaca and Chiapas. b. Myiarchus magister nélsoni Ripagway. Mexican Crested Flycatcher. [453a.] Myiarchus magister nelsoni Ripaway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Pt. 4, 1907, 903. (Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) RanGE.— Valley of Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south through eastern and southern Mexico to Guatemala, Honduras, and Salvador. Myiarchus cinerascens (LAWRENCE). RaNnGE.— Western United States south to Lower California, Mexico, and Guatemala. a. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (LAWRENCE). Ash-throated Flycatcher. [454.] Tyrannula cinerascens LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., V, 1851, 121. (Between San Antonio and the Rio Grande, western Texas.) RanGce.— Western North America. Breeds from southern Washington, northern Utah, central Colorado, and central Texas to northern Lower Cali- fornia, Sinaloa, Durango, and Tamaulipas; accidental in northern Wyoming and northern Colorado; winters south to Guatemala and Yucatan. b. Myiarchus cinerascens pértinax Barrp. Lower California Flycatcher. [4546.] Myjiarchus pertinax Batrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 303. (Cape San Lueas, Lower California.) RaNnGE.— Southern half of Lower California. Myiarchus lawrencei (GrRAUD). RanGeE.— Southern border of United States south to Panama. a. [Myiarchus lawrencei lawrencei. Extralimital.] b. Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ripaway. Olivaceous Flycatcher. [455a.] Myjiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ripa@way, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 91. (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, Mexico.) 212 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGE.— Southern Arizona south through western Mexico to Oaxaca; accidental in Colorado. GENUS SAYORNIS Gray. Sayornis Gray, Cat. Gen. Birds, 1855, 146. Type, by orig. desig., Mus- cicapa saya BONAPARTE. Sayornis phebe (LATHAM). Phebe. [456.] Muscicapa phebe LatHaM, Index Orn., II, 1790, 489. (New York.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southwestern Mackenzie, Alberta, southern Keewatin, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island south to north- eastern New Mexico, central Texas, northern Mississippi, and high- lands of Georgia; winters in United States south of latitude 37° south to Vera Cruz and Oaxaca; in migration casual west to Colorado and Wyoming; accidental in California and Cuba. Sayornis séyus (BONAPARTE). Say’s Phebe. [457.] Muscicapa saya BONAPARTE, Amer. Orn., I, 1825, 20. (Arkansas River, 20 miles from the Rocky Mountains.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds from central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, northeastern Alberta, southeastern Sas- katchewan, and central North Dakota south to Lower California, Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Iowa, and western Kansas; winters from central California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and central Texas to southern Lower California, Vera Cruz, and Puebla; accidental in Wisconsin, Missouri, and Massachusetts. Sayornis nigricans (SWAINSON). Black Phebe. [458.] Tyrannula nigricans Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, May, 1827, 367. ‘Tableland of Mexico.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from southwestern Oregon through California west of the Sierra to Cape San Lucas, east through southern California and Arizona to southern New Mexico and central Texas, and over Mexico (except Gulf coast) to Yucatan. ORDER PASSERES. 213 GENUS NUTTALLORNIS Rivaway. Nuttallornis Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 337. Type, by mono- typy, Tyrannus borealis SwWAINSON. Nuttallornis borealis (SWAINSON). Olive-sided Flycatcher. [459.] Tyrannus borealis Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 141, pl. 35. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south in coniferous forests of western United States to southern California, Arizona, and western Texas, and also northern Michigan, New York, and Massa- chusetts south in mountains to North Carolina; migrates through Mexico and Central America; winters in northern South America from Colombia to Peru. GENUS MYIOCHANES Capanis & HEINE. Myiochanes CaBanis & Herne, Mus. Hein., IT, 1859, 71. Type, by orig. desig., Platyrhynchus cinereus SPIx. Myiéchanes pértinax (CABANIS & HEINE). RANGE.— Southern Arizona to southern Mexico. a. [Myiochanes pertinax pertinax. Extralimital.] b. Myiochanes pertinax pallidivéntris (CHAPMAN). Coues’s Flycatcher. [460.] Contopus pertinax pallidiventris CHAPMAN, Auk, XIV, July, 1897, 310. (Pima County, Arizona.) Ranexe.— Mountains of central Arizona south through Chihuahua, Sonora, and Durango to Tepic; accidental in Colorado. Myiochanes virens (LINNa&US). Wood Pewee. [461.| Muscicapa virens Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327. (Carolina.) 214 ORDER PASSERES. Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from Manitoba, Ontario, southern Quebec, and Prince Edward Island to southern Texas and central Florida, west to eastern Nebraska; winters from Nicaragua to Colombia and Peru; casual in Colorado; accidental in migration in Cuba. Myiochanes richardsoni (SWAINSON). Rance.— Western North America, south in winter to Central America and western South America. a. Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni (SwAINson). Western Wood Pewee. [462.] Tyrannula richardsonii Swatnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 146, pl. 46, lower fig. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.) Rance.— Western North America and South America. Breeds from central Alaska (casual at Point Barrow), southern Mackenzie, central Sas- katchewan, and southern Manitoba south to northern Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas; migrates through Mexico and Central America; winters in Keuador, Peru, and Bolivia. b. Myiochanes richardsoni peninsula (BrewsTER). Large-billed Wood Pewee. [462a.] Contopus richardsoniit peninsule Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 144. (Separates publ. Feb. 17.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RancGeE.— Breeds in Cape Region of Lower California; winters on mainland of western Mexico south to Oaxaca. GENUS EMPIDONAX CaBAnis. Empidonax CaBantis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 480. Type by monotypy, Tyrannula pusilla SwAINSON. Empidenax fiavivéntris (W. M. & S. F. Batrp). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [463.] Tyrannula flaviventris W. M. & S. F. Bairp, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 283. (Carlisle, Pennsylvania.) Rance.— Breeds in Canadian Zone from northern Alberta, north- ern Manitoba, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to North ORDER PASSERES. 215 Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, northern New York, Pennsylvania (mountains), and New Hampshire; west in migration to the eastern border of the Plains, eastern Texas, and eastern Mexico; winters from southern Mexico and Guatemala to Panama; occa- sional in migration in western Florida; accidental in Greenland. Empidonax difficilis Barrp. RaNGE.— Western North America south to southern Mexico. a. Empidonax difficilis difficilis Barrp. Western Flycatcher. ([464.] Empidonax difficilis Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 198. (Fort Tejon, California.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from Glacier Bay, Alaska, southeastern British Columbia, Montana, and southwestern South Dakota to southern California and western Texas; winters in Mexico south to Cape San Lucas, Tres Marias Islands, and Oaxaca. b. Empidonax difficilis cineritius Brewster. San Lucas Flycatcher. [464a.] Empidonax cineritius BREwstER, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 90. (La Laguna (Sierra de la Laguna], Lower California.) RanGE.— Breeds from San Diego County, California, and Hansen Laguna to Cape region of Lower California. Empidonax viréscens (ViEILLOT). Acadian Flycatcher. [465.] Platyrhynchos virescens VimituoT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., XX VII, 1818, 22. (Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.) RanGe.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds from upper limit of Carolinian Zone in northeastern Nebraska, central Iowa, Michigan, southern Ontario, New York, Connecticut (casually), and Massachusetts (one instance) south to southern ‘Texas, the Gulf States, and northern Florida; migrates through Yucatan and Central America and winters in Colombia and Ecuador; casual in Massachusetts; accidental in the Bahamas and Cuba in migration. Empidonax trailli (AUDUBON). Rance.— North America; in winter south to Central America and northern South America. 216 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Empidonax trailli trailli (AupuBoNn). Traill’s Flycatcher. [466.] Muscicapa traillit AupuBoN, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1828, pl. 45. (Woods along the prairie lands of the Arkansas River.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia and Idaho to southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Tamaulipas, east to Missouri, Illinois, and Ohio; winters in Central America south to Nicaragua and Colombia. b. Empidonax trailli alndrum Brewster. Alder Flycatcher. [466a.] Empidonax traillii alnorum Brewster, Auk, XII, April, 1895, 161. (Upton, Maine.) Rance.— Breeds mainly in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from central Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to east central British Columbia, eastern Montana, southern Minnesota, southern Ontario, New York, New Jersey, and moun- tains of West Virginia; winters in Central America south to Panama; casual in migration in South Atlantic States. Empidonax minimus (W. M. & S. F. Bairp). Least Flycatcher. [467.] Tyrannula minima W. M. & S. F. Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1843, 284. (Carlisle, Pennsylvania.) Rance.— Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from west central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to central Montana, eastern Wyoming, central Nebraska, Iowa, Indiana, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; in migration west to eastern Colorado and central Texas; winters from northeastern Mexico and Yucatan to Panama and Peru; accidental in Grand Cayman Island, West Indies. Empidonax hammondi (XanTus). Hammond’s Flycatcher. [468.] Tyrannula hammondit Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117. (Fort Tejon, California.) RanGeE.— Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from southeastern Alaska, southern Yukon, and central Alberta to southern California and Colorado; winters from northern Mexico to the highlands of Guatemala. ORDER PASSERES. PAG Empidonax wrighti Barrp. Wright’s Flycatcher. [469.] Empidonax wrighttt Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 200. (El Paso, Texas.) RaNnGE.— Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of western North America from southern British Columbia and southwestern Saskatchewan south to central California, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, and east to eastern base of the Rocky Mountains; winters from northern to southern Mexico. Empidonax griseus Brewster. Gray Flycatcher. [469.1.] Empidonax griseus Brewster, Auk, VI, April, 1889, 87. (Separates publ. Jan. 31.) (La Paz, Lower California.) RaNGE.— Southwestern United States and Mexico. Breeds from mountains of southern California, Arizona, and southern New Mexico to southern end of the Mexican tableland; winters from southern Cali- fornia and southern Arizona south in Lower California and Mexico to Puebla and Tepic; casual in Colorado. Empidonax filvifrons (G1iRAUD). RaNGE.— Guatemala north to Arizona and New Mexico. a. {Empidonax fulvifrons fulvifrons. Extralimital.] b. Empidonax fulvifrons pygméus Cours. Buff-breasted Flycatcher. [470a.] Empidonax pygmeus Cours, Ibis, Oct., 1865, 537. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) RaNGE.— Southern Arizona, New Mexico, and south through Chihuahua to Durango; winters south of the United States to Jalisco, Tepic, Morelos, and Michoacan. GENUS PYROCEPHALUS GouLp. Pyrocephalus Goutp, Zool. Voy. Beagle, 1839, 44. Type, by monotypy Pyrocephalus parvirostris GouLtp + Muscicapa coronata GMELIN = Muscicapa rubinus BoDDAERT. Pyrocéphalus rubinus (BopDAERT). RANGE.— Southern border of the United States south through the greater part of South America. 218 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Pyrocephalus rubinus rubinus. Extralimital.] b. Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus Sctater. Vermilion Flycatcher. [471.] Pyrocephalus mexicanus ScuaTeR, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 45. (Mexico.) RanGe.— Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, western and southern Arizona, south- ern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to Lower California, Guatemala, Honduras, and Yucatan; accidental in Florida. GENUS CAMPTOSTOMA ScLaATER. Camptostoma ScuaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 203. Type, by orig. _ desig., Camptostoma imberbe ScLATER. Camptéstoma imbérbe ScLATER. Beardless Flycatcher. [472.] Camptostoma imberbe ScuaTER, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857, 203. (San Andres Tuxtla, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RancE.— Southern Arizona and valley of the Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south through Mexico to Guatemala and Nicaragua. SuBORDER OSCINES. Sone Birps. Famity ALAUDIDA. Larks. [Genus ALAUDA LINN £us. Alauda Linnvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 165. Type, by subs. desig., Alauda arvensis LINN&=US (Swainson, 1827). Alatida arvénsis Linnus. Skylark. [473.] Alauda arvensis Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 165. (Sweden.) RancE.— Europe and northern Africa; accidental in Greenland and Bermuda; introduced into the United States; at present resident and breeding on Long Island, N. Y., but apparently not spreading; introduced also on Oahu, Hawaii.] ORDER PASSERES. 219 GENUS OTOCORIS Bonaparte. Otocoris BonaPpartTE, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. [Bologna], II, 1838, 407. Type, by monotypy, Phileremos cornutus BONAPARTE = Alauda cornuta Witson = Alauda alpestris LINNXUS. Otécoris alpéstris (LINN Us). Rance.— North America, northern South America, northern Africa, Europe, and Asia. a. Otocoris alpestris alpestris (LINNmus). Horned Lark. [474.] Alauda alpestris LiInNaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 166. (Sea shore of Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Arctic Zone of Canada from Boothia Peninsula south to head of James Bay, Labrador, and Newfoundland; winters south to the Ohio Valley and Georgia; casual in Louisiana and Ber- muda; accidental in Greenland. b. Otocoris alpestris arcticola OprRHOLSER. Pallid Horned Lark. [474a.] Otocoris alpestris arcticola OBBRHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV; 1902, 816. (Fort Reliance, Yukon, Canada.) Rance.— Northwestern North America. Breeds in Alaska (except Pacific coast strip) and in upper Yukon Valley; winters south to Oregon, Utah, and Montana. c. Otocoris alpestris praticola HensHAw. Prairie Horned Lark. [474b.] Otocorys alpestris praticola HensHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, 264. (Richland County, Illinois.) Rance.— Northeastern United States and Canada. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone from southern Manitoba and southern Quebec to eastern Kansas, southern Missouri, Ohio, West Virginia, and Connecticut; winters south to Texas, Tennessee, and Georgia, and casually to Arizona and Colorado. d. Otocoris alpestris leucoléma (Cours). Desert Horned Lark. [474c.] Eremophila alpestris var. leucolema Cours, Birds N. W., 1874, 38, 39. (Fort Randall, South Dakota.) Ranae.— Great Plains and Great Basin. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone from southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan to southern Nevada, north- ern New Mexico, and western Kansas; winters south to southeastern California, Texas, and Sonora. 220 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Otocoris alpestris giraidi HensHaw. Texas Horned Lark. [474d.] Otocorys alpestris giraudi Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, 266. (Corpus Christi, Texas.) Rance.— Coast of Texas and Tamaulipas from Galveston Bay to a little south of the Rio Grande. f. Otocoris alpestris 4ctia OpprHoLtsER. California Horned Lark. [474e.] Otocoris alpestris actia OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 845. (Jacumba, San Diego Co., California.) RanGE.— San Francisco Bay to northern Lower California, and the San Joaquin Valley. g. Otocoris alpestris ribea HensHaw. Ruddy Horned Lark. [474/.] Otocorys alpestris rubeus HeNsHAW, Auk, I, July, 1884, 267. (Stockton, California.) RanceE.— Sacramento Valley, California. h. Otocoris alpestris strigita HensHaw. Streaked Horned Lark. [4749.] Otocorys alpestris strigata HpnsHaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, 267. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.) RanGE.— Pacific coast belt. Breeds in Washington and Oregon west of the Cascades; east in winter to eastern Washington and Oregon, south to northern California. i. Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwicut. Scorched Horned Lark. [474h.] Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwiaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, 148. (Fort Huachuca, Arizona.) RancE.— Southern Arizona, New Mexico, and north central Mexico. j. Otocoris alpestris mérrilli DwicHr. Dusky Horned Lark. [4742.] Otocoris alpestris merrilli Dwiaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, 153. (Fort Klamath, Oregon.) RancGE.— Northwestern semi-arid districts. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia and northwestern Idaho to northeastern California east of the Cascades and northwestern Nevada; winters south to central California. k. Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwicur. Sonora Horned Lark. [4747.] Otocoris alpestris pallida Dwicaut, Auk, VII, April, 1890, 154. (Direc- tion Hill, between Adair Bay and mouth of Colorado River, Sonora, Mexico.) Ran@e.— Lower Colorado Valley from southern Nevada to head of the Gulf of California. ORDER PASSERES. 2a l. Otocoris alpestris hofti Bishop. Hoyt’s Horned Lark. [474k.] Otocoris alpestris hoyti Bisnor, Auk, XIII, April, 1896, 130. (Cando, Towner Co., North Dakota.) RanGcE.— Central North America. Breeds north of limit of trees from mouth of the Mackenzie to west shore of Hudson Bay; winters south to Nevada, Utah, Kansas, and Michigan; casual in Ohio and New York. m. Otocoris alpestris occidentalis McCaLt. Montezuma Horned Lark. [4741.] Otocoris? occidentalis McCauu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., V, 1851, 218° (Santa Fé, New Mexico.) RancGeE.— Central Arizona and New Mexico, migrating into western Texas, Sonora, and Chihuahua. n. Otocoris alpestris insularis C. H. Townsenp. Island Horned Lark. [474m.] Otocoris alpestris insularis TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 140. (San Clemente Island, California.) Rance.— Resident on the Santa Barbara Islands, California; occurs in winter on the neighboring mainland. Famity CORVIDA. Crows, Jays, Maapries, ETC. SuBFAMILY GARRULINAS. Macpirs anp Jays. GENUS PICA Brisson. Pica Brisson, Orn., II, 1760, 35. Type, by tautonymy, [Pica] pica Brisson = Corvus pica LINN&US. Pica pica (LINN Us). RanGe.— Europe, northern Asia, and western North America from middle Yukon south to New Mexico and Arizona. a. [Pica pica pica. Extralimital.] b. Pica pica hudsOnia (SaBInE). Magpie. [475.] Corvus hudsonius SaBINE, in FRANKLIN, Narr. Journ. Polar Sea, 1823, 671. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan.) RanGE.— Principally Boreal and Transition zones from the eastern Aleutian Islands, middle Yukon, central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and Lake 222 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Winnepeg south to northern Arizona and New Mexico, and from the eastern slope of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada to western North Dakota and western Texas; casual in Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Ontario, and the Hudson Bay region; accidental in Quebec. Pica nuttalli (AUDUBON). Yellow-billed Magpie. [476.] Corvus nuttallii AupUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1836, pl. 362, fig. 1. (Santa Barbara, California ) RanGE.— Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of California, west of the Sierra Nevada, from Tehama County to Ventura and Kern counties, chiefly in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys. GENUS CYANOCITTA StricKLAND. Cyanocitta STRICKLAND, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., XV, 1845, 261. Type, by orig. desig., Corvus cristatus LINNZUs. Cyanocitta cristata (LINN £US). RanGE.— Eastern North America, from central Canada south to the Gulf coast. a. Cyanocitta cristata cristata (LiInNm=us). Blue Jay. [477.] Corvus cristatus Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 106. (Carolina.) RanaeE.— Eastern North America, breeding from central Alberta, south- ern Keewatin, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland south to the Gulf States, except Florida, and west to western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, and central Texas; casual in New Mexico. b. Cyanocitta cristata florincola Covers. Florida Blue Jay. [477a.]} Cyanocitta cristata florincola Cours, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 421. (Hibernia, Clay Co., Florida.) Ranece.— Florida. Cyanocitta stélleri (GMELIN). RanGcE.— Western North America from Alaska south to highlands -of Guatemala and Honduras. a. Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri (GMELIN). Steller’s Jay. [478.] Corvus stelleri GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 370. (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C.) ORDER PASSERES. 223 Rance.— Pacific coast from Cook Inlet, Alaska, south into Oregon (includ- ing Vancouver and other coastal islands except Prince of Wales Island and the Queen Charlotte Islands). b. Cyanocitta stelleri frontélis(Ripcway). Blue-fronted Jay. [478a.] Cyanura stellert var. frontalis Ripaway, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, Jan., 1873, 41. (Carson City, Nevada.) RanGE.— Canadian and Transition zones of both slopes of the Sierra Ne- vada from Mt. Shasta south to the San Jacinto and San Pedro Martir mountains, Lower California, and also the inner coast ranges of northern California (west of Sacramento Valley) from the Bully Choop Mountains south to Mt. St. Helena and Mt. George (east of Napa Valley). c. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (BoNAPARTE). Long-crested Jay. [478b.] Cyanogarrulus diadematus BoNaparTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 377. (Zacatecas, Mexico.) RancGeE.— Transition and Boreal zones of the southern Rocky Mountains from the Wasatch Mountains, Utah, and southern Wyoming to Chihuahua, Sonora, Zacatecas, and Jalisco. d. Cyanocitta stelleri annéctens (Barrp). Black-headed Jay. [478c.] Cyanura stelleri var. annectens Bairp, in Hist. N. A. Birds, II, 1874, 281. (Hell Gate, east of Missoula, Montana.) RancGE.— Boreal Zone of the northern Rocky Mountains in British Columbia to northeastern Oregon, Idaho, and Wyoming; casual in Utah in winter. e. Cyanocitta stelleri carl6ttz Oscoop. Queen Charlotte Jay. [478d.] Cyanocitta stelleri carlotte Osaoop, N. Amer. Fauna, No. 21, 1901, 46. (Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, B. C.) RancE.— Queen Charlotte and Prince of Wales Islands, British Columbia. jf. Cyanocitta stelleri carbondcea GRINNELL. Coast Jay. [478e.] Cyanocitta stellert carbonacea GRINNELL, Condor, II, 1900, 127. (Stevens Creek Cafion, Santa Clara Co., California.) RanGeE.— Breeds in the humid Pacific coast strip from southern Oregon to the Santa Lucia Mountains, California, and east to the mountains on the west side of Napa Valley; in winter east to the Gabilan and Mt. Diablo ranges. 224 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENus APHELOCOMA CaBanis. Aphelocoma CaBanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 221 (note). Type, by subs. desig., Garrulus californicus Vicors (Baird, 1858). Aphelécoma cyanea (VIEILLOT). Florida Jay. [479.] Garrulus cyaneus Vre1tuoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, 476. (Florida.) RanGE.— Peninsula of Florida. Aphelocoma woddhousei (BairD). Woodhouse’s Jay. [480.] Cyanocitta woodhouseti Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 585. (Fort Thorn, New Mexico.) RanGE.— Great Basin and adjacent arid region, breeding in Upper Sonoran and ‘Transition zones from southeastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and southern Wyoming south to southeastern California (east of Sierra Nevada), Arizona, New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, and western Texas. Aphelocoma cyanétis Ripaway. Blue-eared Jay. [480.1.] Aphelocoma cyanotis Ringway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 357. (Mexico, probably San Luis Potosi.) RancE.— Central and southwestern Texas (Brewster, Sutton, and Kerr counties) south on Mexican tableland through Durango, Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo to City of Mexico. — Aphelocoma texéna Ripaway. Texas Jay. [480.2.] Aphelocoma texana Ripaway, Auk, XIX, Jan., 1902, 70. (Near head of Nueces River, Edwards Co., Texas.) RanGe.— Central and southwestern Texas, from Kerr and Edwards counties to Davis Mountains. Aphelocoma californica (ViGors). Rance.— Pacific coast region of North America from southern Oregon to southern Lower California. ORDER PASSERES. pps) a. Aphelocoma californica californica (Vicors). California Jay. [481.] Garrulus californicus Vicors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 21, pl. v. (Monterey, California.) RancE.— Upper Sonoran Zone of California and southern Oregon west from the eastern base of the Sierra-Cascade Range, and south to San Bernar- dino; an isolated (?) colony on the Columbia River west of the Cascades in Oregon and Washington. b. Aphelocoma californica hypoleica Ripcway. Xantus’s Jay. [481la.] Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca RipGway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 356. (La Paz, Lower California.) RaANGE.— Southern two-thirds of Lower California. c. Aphelocoma californica obscira ANTHONY. Belding’s Jay. [4815.] Aphelocoma californica obscura ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, II, Oct. 11, 1889, 75. (Valladores, Lower California.) RanGE.— Southern coast district of California from San Fernando and San Bernardino Mountains south to southern end of San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Aphelocoma insularis HeENsHAaw. Santa Cruz Jay. ([481.1.] Aphelocoma insularis HensHaw, Auk, III, Oct., 1886, 452. (Santa Cruz Island, California.) RaNGE.— Santa Cruz Island, California. Aphelocoma siéberi (WaAGLER). RANGE.— Southern border of the Mexican tableland north to south- ern Arizona and southern Texas. a. [Aphelocoma sieberi sieberi. Extralimital.] b. Aphelocoma sieberi ariz6nze (Ripcway). Arizona Jay. [482.] Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizone Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 199. (Old Fort Buchanan, near Crittenden, Pima Co., Arizona.) RanGE.— Upper Sonoran Zone in southern Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua. c. Aphelocoma sieberi cotichi (Barrp). Couch’s Jay. [482a.] Cyanocitta couchii Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 588. (Monterey, Mexico.) RanGE.— Chisos Mountains, southwestern Texas, to southern Nuevo Leon and northern Coahuila. bo i) for) CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS XANTHOURA Bonaparte. Xanthoura BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 380. Type, by subs. desig., Corvus peruvianus GMELIN = Corvus yncas BopparrT (Gray, 1855). Xanthotra luxudsa (Lesson). RancEe.— Lower Rio Grande Valley south to Guatemala and Honduras. a. [Xanthoura luxuosa luxuosa. Extralimital.] b. Xanthoura luxuosa glaucéscens Rincgway. Green Jay. [483.] Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens Ripaway, Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, 28. (Fort Brown, Texas.) Ranae.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, as far north as Laredo, and Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. GENUS PERISOREUS BoNaAPaARTE. Perisoreus BONAPARTE, Giornale Arcadico, XLIX, 1831, 42. Type, by subs. desig., Corvus canadensis LINN&US (Gray, 1840). Periséreus canadénsis (LINN £US). RanGE.— Northern coniferous forests of North America south in mountains to New York, New Mexico, and Arizona. a. Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnmus). Canada Jay. [484.] Corvus canadensis Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 158. (Canada.) RanGE.— Boreal zones of eastern North America. Breeds from limit of conifers in northwestern Mackenzie and central Keewatin and from northern Quebec south to west central Alberta, northern Minnesota, Michigan, the Adirondacks of New York, northern Maine, New Hampshire, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; casual in Nebraska, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts. b. Perisoreus canadensis capitélis Ripaway. Rocky Mountain Jay. [484a.] Perisoreus canadensis var. capitalis Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Nov., 1873, 193, 199. (Henry’s Fork, southwestern corner of Sweetwater Co., Wyoming.) ORDER PASSERES. 227 Rance.— Boreal zones of the Rocky Mountain region from central British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southwestern South Dakota south to Arizona and New Mexico; in winter to northwestern Nebraska. c. Perisoreus canadensis fUmifrons Ringway. Alaska Jay. [484b.] Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IIT, 1880, 5. (Nulato, Alaska.) Rance.— Wooded parts of Alaska, except coast district east and south of the Alaska Peninsula, and central and southwestern Yukon. d. Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus Ringway. Labrador Jay. [484c.] Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 15. (Coast of Labrador.) Rance.— Northern and eastern Ungava, Labrador, and Newfoundland. Perisoreus obscirus RrpGway. RanGeE.— British Columbia south to northern California. a. Perisoreus obscurus obscurus Ringway. Oregon Jay. [485.] Perisoreus canadensis var. obscurus RipaGway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Nov., 1873, 194, 199. (Shoalwater Bay, Washington.) RanGce.— Pacifie coast from southwestern British Columbia to Mendocino County, California. b. Perisoreus obscurus griseus Ripcway. Gray Jay. [485a.] Perisoreus obscurus griseus Ripaway, Auk, XVI, July, 1899, 255. (Keech- elus Lake, Kittitas Co., Washington.) RanceE.— Interior of southern British Columbia south in the Caseades to northern California; casual in the Sierras to Lake Tahoe. SupFAMILY CORVINZ. Crows. GENUS CORVUS LINN Us. Corvus Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 105. Type, by subs. desig., Corvus corax LinNz=Uws (Gray, 1840). Corvus co6rax LINN-©US. RanGE.— Europe, northern and central Asia, and North America. 228 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Corvus corax corax. Extralimital.] b. Corvus corax sinudtus WacLrerR. Raven. [486.] Corvus sinuatus WAGLER, Isis, XXII, 1829, 748. (Mexico.) Rance.— Oregon, Montana, and South Dakota south to Honduras, and east probably to Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. c. Corvus corax principalis Ripcway. Northern Raven. [4862a.] Corvus corax principalis Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 361. (St. Michael, Alaska.) Rance.— Northwestern Alaska, Melville Island, northern Ellesmere Land, and northern Greenland south to Washington, central Minnesota, Michigan, coast region of New Jersey and Virginia, and the higher Alleghenies to Georgia. Corvus cryptoleicus CoucH. White-necked Raven. [487.] Corvus cryptoleucus Coucu, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 66. (Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) RanGe.— Deserts of western United States and Mexico, breeding in Sonoran zones from southeastern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas south to Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico; formerly to northern Colorado, western Nebraska, and western Kansas. Corvus brachyrhynchos Breuo. RancE.— Temperate North America. a. Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos BreHm. Crow. [488.] Corvus brachyrhynchos BreuM, Beitr. Vogelkunde, II, 1822, 56. (North America.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Texas and the Gulf coast (except Florida); winters from near the northern bound- ary of the United States southward. b. Corvus brachyrhynchos pdscuus Cours. Florida Crow. [488a.] Corvus americanus pascuus Couss, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 84. (Southern part of Florida.) Rance.— Peninsula of Florida. c. Corvus brachyrhynchos hésperis Ripaway. Western Crow. [488b.] Corvus americanus hesperis Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 362. (Fort Klamath, Oregon.) ORDER PASSERES. 999 Ranace.— Western North America, from east central British Columbia and Montana south to southern California, Arizona, and western Texas. Corvus caurinus Barrp. Northwestern Crow. [489.] Corvus caurinus Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 569. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.) Raner.— Northwest coast from Kadiak Island and Kukak Bay, Alaska, to Puget Sound, Washington. Corvus ossifragus Witson. Fish Crow. ([490.] Corvus ossifragus Witson, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 27, pl. 37, fig. 2. (Great Egg Harbor, N. J.) Rance.— Carolinian and Austroriparian faunas of Atlantic and Gulf coasts from lower Delaware and Hudson River valleys and Con- necticut to Louisiana and Florida; casual in Massachusetts. [Corvus frugilegus Linna&us. Rook. [490.1.] Corvus frugilegus Linnuus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 105. (Sweden.) Rancer.— Europe in general, including Great Britain, and Kashmir and northwestern India east to central Asia; winters in southern Europe and northern Africa; accidental in Greenland.] [Corvus cérnix LinN-sus. Hooded Crow. [490.2.] Corvus cornix Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 105. (Sweden.) Rancre.— Great Britain and continental Europe, except the south- western part; casual in Iceland and Greenland.] GENUS NUCIFRAGA Brisson. Nucifraga Brisson, Orn., II, 1769, 58. Type, by monotypy, [Nucifraga] nucifraga BRIssoNn = Corvus caryocatactes LINNXUS. Suscenus PICICORVUS Bonaparte. Picicorvus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 384. Type, by mono- typy, Corvus columbianus WILSON. 230 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Nucifraga columbiana (Witson). Clarke’s Nutcracker. [491.] Corvus columbianus Wiuson, Amer. Orn., III, 1811, 29, pl. 20, fig. 2. (Columbia River, between the Dalles and the mouth.) RanceEe.— Western North America, breeding in Boreal zones from Bristol Bay, Alaska, west central Alberta, and southwestern South Dakota (Black Hills) south to high mountains of southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico; casual in western Nebraska and east to Missouri and Arkansas; accidental in Wisconsin, Iowa, and northern Lower California. GENUS CYANOCEPHALUS Bonaparte. Cyanocephalus BONAPARTE, Osserv. Stato Zool. Eur., 1842, 17. Type, by monotypy, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus WiEp. Cyanocéphalus cyanocéphalus (Wikp). Pinon Jay. [492.] Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Wimp, Reise Nord-America, II, 1841, 22. (Junction of Marias and Yellowstone rivers, Montana.) RanGcE.— Upper Sonoran and ‘Transition zones of western North America, breeding chiefly in the pifion and juniper belt of mountains from central Washington, Idaho, and central Montana south to northern Lower California, Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas, and from the Sierra-Cascade Range east to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains; casual on the coast of California and in eastern Nebraska and Kansas. Famity STURNIDA. STARLINGs. GENUS STURNUS LINN ZXUS. Sturnus Linn=us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 167. Type, by subs. desig., Sturnus vulgaris Linnmus (Gray, 1840). Stamus vulgaris Linnavus. Starling. [493.] Sturnus vulgaris Linn&mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 167. (Sweden.) ORDER PASSERES. 231 ~_ RanGcE.— Western and central Europe; winters south to Africa; accidental in Greenland; introduced in 1890 in New York City and thence has spread as far as Springfield, Massachusetts, Stonington, Connecticut, Ossining, New York, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Famity ICTERIDA. Buackpirps, ORIOLES, ETC. GENUS DOLICHONYX Swainson. Dolichonyx Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N.S., I, June, 1827, 435. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla oryzivora LinN@Us. Dolichényx oryzivorus (LINN us). Bobolink. [494.] Fringilla oryzivora Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 179. (Cuba.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southeastern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, central Ontario, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to northeastern Nevada, Utah, northern Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, central Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey; winters in South America to southern Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay; in migration to the West Indies and east coast of Cen- tral America; casual in California; accidental in Bermuda and the Galapagos. GENUS MOLOTHRUS SwaInson. Molothrus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 277. Type, by orig. desig., Fringilla pecoris GMELIN = Oriolus ater BopDAERT. Moléthrus ater (BoppDAERT). Rance.— North central Canada to the southern end of the table- land in Mexico. a. Molothrus ater ater (Bopparrr). Cowbird. [495.] Oriolus ater BoppAERT, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 37. (Carolina.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, south- ern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick 232 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. south to northern California, Nevada, northern New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and North Carolina; winters from southeastern California and the Ohio and Potomac valleys (casually further north) to the Gulf coast and central Mexico. b. Molothrus ater obscirus (GMELIN). Dwarf Cowbird. [495a.] Sturnus obscurus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 804. (Mexico.) RanGE.— Southeastern California and southern Nevada east to southern Texas and south in Mexico to Oaxaca, Colima, and Jalisco. GENUS TANGAVIUS Lesson. Tangavius Lesson, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 41. Type, by monotypy, Tangavius involucratus Lesson. Tangavius eneus (WaAGLER). RANGE.— Central America and Mexico north to the southern border of Texas and Arizona. a. Tangavius eneus zeneus (WAGLER). Bronzed Cowbird. [496a.] Psarocoltus eneus WAGLER, Isis, XXII, 1829, 758. (Mexico.) RanceE.— Northwestern Mexico to southern Arizona (near Tucson, breed- ing). b. Tangavius zneus involucrétus Lesson. Red-eyed Cowbird. [496.] Tangavius involucratus Lesson, Revue Zool., II, 1839, 41. (Mexico.) RanGE.— San Antonio, Texas, south through eastern Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America to Panama. GENUS XANTHOCEPHALUS Bonaparte. Xanthocephalus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 431. Type, by monotypy, Psarocolius perspicillatus WAGLER = Icterus xanthocephalus BONAPARTE. Xanthocéphalus xanthocéphalus (BONAPARTE). Yellow-headed Black- bird. [497.] Icterus xanthocephalus BONAPARTE, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1826, 223. (Engineer Cantonment, near Omaha, Nebraska.) ORDER PASSERES. eek RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southwestern Keewatin, and northern Minnesota south to southern California, Arizona, Jalisco, Michoacan, and Valley of Toluca, Mexico, and east to southern Wisconsin, central Iowa, northern Illinois, and Indiana; winters from southwestern California, southern Arizona, and southwestern Louisiana south in Mexico to Jalisco, Michoacan, and Puebla; accidental in Greenland and in various eastern localities from Ontario and Quebec to South Carolina, Florida, and Cuba. GENUS AGELAIUS VIEILLOT. Agelaius ViEILLOT, Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, by subs. desig., “‘Troupiale commandeur, Buffon’? = Oriolus pheniceus Linnmus (Gray, 1840). Agelaius pheniceus (LINN ®Us). RaNnGE.— North America from central Mackenzie south to Costa Rica. a. Agelaius phceniceus phceniceus (LinNmus). Red-winged Blackbird. [498.] Oriolus pheniceus LiInNNHUS, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 161. (Carolina.) Rance.— North America east of the Great Plains, except Gulf coast and Florida. Breeds from Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Quebec southward; winters mainly south of Ohio and Delaware valleys, locally north to Massachusetts. b. Agelaius pheniceus sonoriénsis Ripcway. Sonora Red-wing. [498a.] 3 Agelaius pheniceus sonoriensis Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 370. (Camp Grant, Arizona.) RanceE.— Southern California (Lower Colorado Valley) and southern Arizona, and south over the coastal plain of Sonora to Tepic. c. Agelaius pheniceus bryanti Ringway. Bahama Red-wing. [498b.] Agelaius pheniceus bryanti Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 370. (Abaco Island, Bahamas.) RanGeE.— Southeastern coast of Florida, Florida Keys to Key West, and the Bahamas. 234 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. d. Agelaius phceniceus floridinus Maynarp. Florida Red-wing. [498c.] Agelaius pheniceus floridanus MayNnarp, Birds East N. A., Pt. 40, 1895, 698. (Key West, Florida.) RancE.— Florida (except the southeastern coast and keys), and west along the Gulf coast at least to Galveston, Texas. e. Agelaius pheeniceus fortis Ripaway. Thick-billed Red-wing. [498d.] Agelaius pheniceus fortis Rripaway, Proce. Wash. Acad. Sci., II, April, 1901, 153. (Omaha, Nebraska.) RaNnGE.— Central North America. Breeds from central Mackenzie and southern Keewatin south to northeastern Colorado and northern Texas; winters principally in the southern part of its breeding range, wandering irreg- ularly further eastward. f. Agelaius phoeniceus neutrélis Ripaway. San Diego Red-wing. [498¢.] Agelaius pheniceus neutralis Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., III, April, 1901, 153. (Jacumba, San Diego Co., California.) Rance.— Breeds from eastern British Columbia south to northern Lower California, Chihuahua, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters east to the Lower Rio Grande, Texas. g. Agelaius pheeniceus caurinus Ripcway. Northwestern Red-wing. ([498/] Agelaius pheniceus caurinus Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., III, April, 1901, 153. (Cedar Hill, Vancouver Island, B. C.) Rance.— Northwest coast from British Columbia to Mendocino County, California. h. Agelaius pheeniceus richmondi Nerson. Vera Cruz Red-wing. [4984.] Agelaius pheniceus richmondi Newson, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, 58. (Tlaco- talpan, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RanGE.— Southern coast and Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas south through eastern Mexico to Yucatan and eastern Guatemala; winters south to eastern Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Agelaius guberndtor (WAGLER). RaNGE.— California, western Arizona, and southeast to the south- ern end of the Mexican tableland. a. [Agelaius gubernator guberrator. Extralimital.] b. Agelaius gubernator calif6rnicus Netson. Bicolored Red-wing. [499.] Agelaius gubernator californicus Neuson, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, 59. (Stockton, California.) ORDER PASSERES. 235 Rance.— Valleys of California west of the Sierra Nevada, straggling south and east to San Diego and Owens Lake, California, and Casa Grande, western Arizona; recorded also as breeding at Cape Disappointment, Washington. Agelaius tricolor (AupuBOoN). Tricolored Red-wing. [500.] Icterus tricolor AupuBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 1. (Santa Barbara, Cali- fornia.) RanGeE.— Pacific coast from valleys of northwestern Oregon (west of Cascade Range) south through California (west of Sierra Nevada) to northern Lower California. GENUS STURNELLA VIEILLOT. Sturnella VinituotT, Analyse, 1816, 34. Type, by monotypy, ‘Stourne, ou Merle a fer-a-cheval, Buff.”” = Alauda magna LINN&Us. Sturnélia magna (LINN ©Us). RanGe.— Eastern United States south to northern South America. a. Sturnella magna magna (Linnmus). Meadowlark. [501.] Alauda magna LInNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 167. (Carolina.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from eastern Minnesota, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to northern Texas, Missouri, and North Carolina, and west to western Iowa, eastern Kansas, and northwestern Texas; winters regularly from the Potomae and Ohio valleys south to the Gulf States, and north locally to the Great Lakes and southern Maine. b. Sturnella magna hoOpesi Srone. Rio Grande Meadowlark. [501a.] Sturnella magna hoopesi Stone, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1897, 149. (Brownsville, Texas.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone from north central Arizona, southern New Mexico, and southern Texas south into Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas. c. Sturnella magna argitula Banas. Southern Meadowlark. [501c.] Sturnella magna argutula Banas, Proce. N. Engl. Zool. Club, I, 1899, 20. (Dunedin, Hillsboro Co., Florida.) 236 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance,— Austroriparian Zone from southern Illinois, southwestern Indi- ana, and North Carolina south to the coast of southeastern Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. Sturnella neglécta AUDUBON. Western Meadowlark. [501.1.] Sturnella neglecta AupuBon, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 339, pl. 489. (Old Fort Union, North Dakota.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and southern Manitoba south to southern California, northern Mexico, and central Texas; winters from south- ern British Columbia and Iowa south to southern Lower California, Jalisco, and Guanajuato; east casually to Wisconsin, southern Michi- gan, and northern Illinois; accidental in southern Mackenzie. GENus ICTERUS Brisson. Icterus Brisson, Orn., II, 1760, 85. Type, by tautonymy, [Jcterus] icterus Brisson = Oriolus icterus LINNUS. Suscenus ICTERUS. Icterus melanocéphalus (WaGLER). RANGE.— Southern Texas south to Guatemala. a. [Icterus melanocephalus melanocephalus. Extralimital.] b. Icterus melanocephalus alduboni Grraup. Audubon’s Oriole. [503.] Icterus audubonit GIRAUD, Sixteen Sp. Texas Birds, 1841, [3]. (“‘Texas.’’) Rance.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (casually to San Antonio), and south in Mexico to Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, and, at least in winter, to San Luis Potosi. Icterus parisbrum BoNaAPaRTE. Scott’s Oriole. [504.] Icterus parisorum BONAPARTE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (June, 1838), 110. (Mexico.) RancE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, east central New Mexico, and western Texas south to Lower California, Michoacan, Hidalgo, and Vera Cruz; winters south of the United States. _ ORDER PASSERES. 237 Suspcenvus PENDULINUS Vie r.tor. Pendulinus Vieruiot, Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, by subs. desig., Oriolus spurius LINN.HuUs (A. O. U. Committee, 1886). Icterus cucullatus SWAINSON. RancE.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, southern Arizona, and south- ern California south to Honduras. a. [Icterus cucullatus cucullatus. Extralimital.] b. Icterus cucullatus sénnetti Ripagway. Sennett’s Oriole. [505.] Icterus cucullatus sennetti Ripaway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., III, April, 1901, 152. (Brownsville, Texas.) RaNnGE.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and Tamaulipas, Mexico; winters south of the United States to Morelos. ; c. Icterus cucullatus nélsoni Ringway. Arizona Hooded Oriole. [505a.] Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 19. (Tueson, Arizona.) RANGE.— Southwestern California, southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico and south to Lower California and Tepic; winters south of the United States; casual in central California. Icterus spirius (LINN«&vus). Orchard Oriole. [506.] Oriolus spurius LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 162. (Carolina.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from North Dakota, northwestern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, central New York, and Massachusetts south to northern Florida and the Gulf coast to southern Texas, and in Mexico to Oaxaca and Jalisco, and west to central Nebraska and western Kansas; winters from southern Mexico to northern Colombia; casual north to Ver- mont, New Hampshire, Maine, and New Brunswick, and west to Colorado; occasional in southern Florida and Cuba in spring migra- tion. Suscenus YPHANTES VIEeEILvor. Y phantes Viettiot, Analyse, 1816, 33. Type, by subs. desig., “Baltimore frane, Buff.”” = Coracias galbula Linnmus (Gray, 1855). 238 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Icterus galbula (LINN&us). Baltimore Oriole. [507.] Coracias galbula Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 108. (Virginia or Maryland.) Rance.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds mainly in Transition and Upper Austral zones from central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to northern Texas, central Louisiana, and northern Georgia, and west to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Rocky Mountains; migrates through eastern Mexico; winters from southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia; acci- dental at York Factory, Hudson Bay, and in Cuba. Icterus billocki (SwaINson). Bullock’s Oriole. [508.] Xanthornus bullockit Swainson, Philos. Mag., N.S., I, 1827, 486. (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) RanGcE.— Western North America. Breeds from lower part of Transition Zone southward from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan to southern Texas, Sonora, and northern Durango, and from the Pacific to eastern South Dakota, central Nebraska, and western Kansas; in migration east to eastern Kansas; winters in Mexico south to Colima, Michoacan, Guerrero, and Puebla; accidental in New York and Maine. GENUS EUPHAGUS Cassin. Euphagus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866 (1867), 413. Type, by monotypy, Psarocolius cyanocephalus WAGLER. Edphagus carolinus (MULLER). Rusty Blackbird. [509.] Turdus carolinus Miuuer, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 140. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern and northern North America. Breeds in Boreal Zone from the Kowak River, Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Kee- watin, and northern Ungava south to southern Alaska, central Alberta, southern Keewatin, central Ontario, New York, Vermont, New Hamp- shire, northern Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia; winters ORDER PASSERES. 239 mainly south of the Ohio and Delaware valleys to the Gulf coast; west in migration to the Plains; casual in British Columbia, Montana, and Colorado; accidental in California, Lower California, and Greenland. Euphagus cyanocéphalus (WaGLER). Brewer’s Blackbird. [510.] Psarocolius cyanocephalus Waauer, Isis, XXII, 1829, 758. (Mexico.) RancEe.— Western North America. Breeds from central British Columbia, Athabaska Landing, Alberta, and southwestern Keewatin to northern Lower California, New Mexico, and western Texas, and from the Pacific to northwestern Minnesota, western Nebraska, and Kansas; winters from southern British Columbia and Kansas south to Guatemala; in migration east casually to Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Louisiana, and South Carolina. GENUS QUISCALUS VreILuor. Quiscalus Vir1LLoT, Analyse, 1816, 36. Type, by subs. desig., Gracula quiscula Linnxus (Gray, 1840). Quiscalus quiscula (LINN £Us). Rancr.— Temperate North America east of the Rocky Mountains. a. Quiscalus quiscula quiscula (Linnuus). Purple Grackle. [511.] Gracula quiscula Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758 109. (Carolina.) RanGE.— Middle Atlantic coast region of the United States. Breeds in the Carolinian Fauna from the north shore of Long Island Sound and the lower Hudson Valley west to the Alleghenies and south to the uplands of Georgia, Alabama, and eastern Tennessee; winters mainly south of the Delaware Valley. b. Quiscalus quiscula agl@us Barrp. Florida Grackle. [511a.] Quiscalus agleus Batrp, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLI, Jan., 1866, 84. (Cape Florida, Florida.) Rance.— South Atlantic coast from South Carolina to Florida, and west in the southern part of the Gulf States to southeastern Texas. c. Quiscalus quiscula neus Ripacway. Bronzed Grackle. [511b.] Quiscalus wneus Ripaway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 134. (Mount Carmel, Illinois.) 240 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance.— Central and eastern North America. Breeds from Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland south to Montana and Colorado (east of the Rocky Mountains) and southeast to the northern parts of the Gulf States, western Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts (south of New York breeds only west of the Alleghenies); winters mainly from the Ohio Valley south to southern Texas; casual in migration on the south Atlantic coast. GENUS MEGAQUISCALUS Cassin. Megaquiscalus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866 (1867), 409. Type, by subs. desig., Quwiscalus major VieILuoT (Sclater, 1886). Megaquiscalus major (VIEILLOT). RANGE.— South Atlantic and Gulf States south in the lowlands and southern part of the tableland in Mexico (both coasts) to northern South America. a. Megaquiscalus major major (ViEILLoT). Boat-tailed Grackle. [513.] Quiscalus major Vie1tLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXVIII, 1819, 487. (Mexico and Louisiana.) Ranee.— Austroriparian Zone of the South Atlantic and Gulf States from Chesapeake Bay to Florida and west to the eastern coast of Texas. b. Megaquiscalus major macrotrus (Swainson). Great-tailed Grackle. [513a.] Quiscalus macrourus Swatnson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 299. (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) RanGgE.— Southern Texas south through eastern Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America to northern Colombia, and west over the southern part of the Mexican tableland to Michoacan and Jalisco. FamMILy FRINGILLIDZ. FINcHEs, SPARROWS, ETC. GENUS HESPERIPHONA BonaPARTE. Hesperiphona BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 505. Type, by orig. desig., Fringilla vespertina W. COOPER. Hesperiphéna vespertina (CooPERr). RanGE.— Central and western North America from Alberta south to northern Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 241 a. Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina (W. Cooprr). Evening Grosbeak, [514.] Fringilla vespertina W. Coopsmr, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., I, ii, 1825, 220. (Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan.) RaANGE.— Central North America. Breeds in western Alberta; winters in the interior of North America south of the Saskatchewan and east of the Rocky Mountains, and south more or less irregularly to Missouri, Kentucky, and Ohio, and east irregularly to western Pennsylvania, New York, New England, and Quebec. b. Hesperiphona vespertina montana Ripaway. Western Evening Gros- beak. [514a.] Hespertphona vespertina var. montana Ripaway, in Hist. N. A. Birds, I, 1874, 449. (Cantonment Burgwyn, near Taos, New Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Western North America. Breeds from southern British Colum- bia and northwestern Montana to the Sierra of central California and to west central Chihuahua, and east to the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico; winters irregularly over western United States and northern Mexico west of the Plains. GENUS PINICOLA VIEILLOT. Pinicola VirtuLoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807, iv. Type, by monotypy, Pinicola rubra Vie1tLtot = Lozxia enucleator LINN=US. Pinicola enucledtor (LINN &US). RanGE.— Northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. a. [Pinicola enucleator enucleator. Extralimital.] b. Pinicola enucleator leuctra (Mititer). Pine Grosbeak. [515.] Loxia leucura MiLurr, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 150. (Canada.) Rance.— Northeastern North America. Breeds in Boreal forests from northwestern Mackenzie (Great Bear Lake), central Keewatin, and northern Ungava to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Maine, central New Brunswick, southern Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton Island; winters south to Iowa, Indiana, Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and southern New England, and casually to the District of Columbia and Kentucky; west to Manitoba, Minnesota, and eastern Kansas. 242 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS, c. Pinicola enucleator montana Ringway. Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak. [515a.] Pinicola enucleator montana Ripaway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 319. (Bear Creek, Gallatin Co., Montana.) RanGE.— Boreal summits of Rocky Mountains from west central Alberta, Idaho, and Montana to northern New Mexico. d. Pinicola enucleator calif6rnica Price. California Pine Grosbeak. [5156.] Pinicola enucleator californica Pricn, Auk, XIV, April, 1897, 182. (Pyra- mid Peak, at 7,500 ft., near Echo, Eldorado Co., California.) RanGE.— Breeds in Boreal Zone of the central Sierra Nevada; from Placer County to Fresno County, California. e. Pinicola enucleator alascénsis Ringway. Alaska Pine Grosbeak. [515c.] Pinicola enucleator alascensis Ripaway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 319. (Nush- agak, Alaska.) Ranee.— Northwestern North America except the Pacific coast district. Breeds in Boreal zones from northwestern Alaska and northwestern Mackenzie to northern Washington; winters south to eastern British Columbia and the Bitterroot Valley, Montana. f. Pinicola enucleator flammula Homreyrr. Kadiak Pine Grosbeak. [515d.] Pinicola flammula Homeyer, Journ. fiir Orn., 1880, 156. (‘‘ Nordwest- amerika.’’) Ranee.— Southern Alaska. Breeds on Kadiak Island and coast region south at least to Sitka; winters along the coast south to British Columbia. [GENUS PYRRHULA Brisson. Pyrrhula Brisson, Orn., III, 1760, 308. Type, by tautonymy, [Pyrrhula] pyrrhula Brisson = Loxia pyrrhula Linn xvs. Pyrrhula cdssini Bairp. Cassin’s Bullfinch. [516.] Pyrrhula coccinea var. cassinii Barrp, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, 1, 1869, 316, pl. xxix, fig. 1. (Nulato, Alaska.) RanGe.— Central and southern Siberia; accidental at Nulato, Alaska.] ORDER PASSERES. 243 GENus CARPODACUS Kavp. Carpodacus Kaur, Skizz. Entw.-Gesch. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 161. Type, by subs. desig., Loxia erythrina Pauuas (Gray, 1855). Sunacpenus CARPODACUS. Carpédacus purptreus (GMELIN). Rance.— North America from southern Canada south to the south- ern border of the United States. a. Carpodacus purpureus purpureus (GMELIN). Purple Finch. [517.] Fringilla purpurea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 923. (Carolina.) Ranece.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from central British Columbia, northeastern Alberta, northern Ontario (Moose Factory), central Quebec (Gaspe Basin), and Newfoundland to south- ern Alberta, North Dakota (Turtle Mountains), central Minnesota, northern Illinois, Pennsylvania (mountains), northern New Jersey, and Long Island; winters from considerably north of the southern boundary of its breeding range to the Gulf coast from Texas to Florida; accidental in Colorado. b. Carpodacus purpureus californicus Barrp. California Purple Finch. [517a.] Car podacus californicus Barro, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 413. (Fort Tejon, California.) Rance.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran and Transition zones from southern British Columbia and Vancouver Island to Riverside County, California, and east to the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains; in winter to extreme south- ern California and the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Carpodacus cassini Barrp. Cassin’s Purple Finch. [518.] Car podacus cassinit Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 119 (“Camp 104, Pueblo Creek,”’ about 10 miles east of Gemini Peaks, Arizona.) Rancre.— Western United States. Breeds in Boreal zones of mountains from southern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and northeastern Wyoming to northern Lower California, central Arizona, and northern New Mexico; winters from central California and southern Arizona south over the Mexican plateau to Mt. Orizaba, San Luis Potosi, and the Valley of Mexico. 244 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Suscenus BURRICA Riveway. Burrica Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 390. Type, by orig. desig., Fringilla mexicana MULLER. Carpodacus mexicénus (MULLER). RanGE.— Western United States south to southern border of the tableland of Mexico. a. [Carpodacus mexicanus mexicanus. Extralimital.] b. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say). House Finch. [519.] Fringilla frontalis Say, in Long’s Exped., II, 1823, 40 (note). (Near Pueblo, Colorado.) RanGE.— Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from Oregon, Idaho, and south- eastern Wyoming south to Lower California (northern half), Sonora, northern Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas, and east to the edge of the Plains (western Kansas and middle Texas). c. Carpodacus mexicanus rubézrimus Ripcway. San Lucas House Finch. [519b.] Carpodacus frontalis ruberrimus Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 391 (note). (La Paz, Lower California.) Rance.— Southern half of Lower California. d. Carpodacus mexicanus cleméntis Mearns. San Clemente House Finch. [519c.] Carpodacus clementis Mparns, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 258. (San Clemente Island, California.) Rance.— Santa Barbara Islands, California, and Coronados, Todos Santos, and Cerros islands, Lower California. Carpodacus 4mplus Ripcway. Guadalupe House Finch. [520.] Carpodacus amplus Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IT, No. 2, April, 1876, 187. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) Rance.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Carpodacus megrégori ANTHONY. McGregor’s House Finch. [520.1.] Carpodacus mcgregort ANTHONY, Auk, XIV, April, 1897, 165. (San Benito Island, Lower California.) RaNnGE.— San Benito Island, Lower California. ORDER PASSERES. 245 GENus LOXIA LINN US. Loxia Linnus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 171. Type, by subs. desig., Loxia curvirostra LINN=US (Gray, 1840). L6éxia curviréstra LINN.ZUS. Rance.— Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America, south in mountains (in North America south to Guatemala). a. [Loxia curvirostra curvirostra. Extralimital.] b. Loxia curvirostra minor (BreuHM). Crossbill. [521.] Crucirostra minor BreuM, Allg. deutsche Naturhist. Zeitung, I, 1846, 532 (note). (Eastern United States.) Rance.— Northern North America. Breeds from central Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Ungava, and Newfoundland south to California (Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains), southern Colorado, Michigan, and in the Alleghenies of northern Georgia (casually in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Virginia); winters irregularly south to southern California, New Mexico, northern Texas, Louisiana, and Florida; casual in Lower California, Guadalupe Island, and Bermuda. ce. Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ripaway. Mexican Crossbill. [521a.] Loxia curvirostra stricklandi Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 354. (Near City of Mexico, Mexico.) Raneg.— High mountains of Arizona (San Francisco, Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, and Mogollon mountains), central New Mexico, western Texas, and the higher mountains of Mexico to Chancus, Guatemala. Loxia leucéptera GMELIN. White-winged Crossbill. [522. Loxia leucoptera GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 844. (Hudson Bay and New York.) RanGE.— Northern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from the limit of trees in northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, central Ontario, New York (Adirondacks), New Hampshire (White Mountains) southern Maine, and southern Nova Scotia; winters in much of its breeding area and southward irregularly to northern Oregon (Cascades), Nevada, Colorado, Kansas, southern Illinois, southern Ohio, and North Carolina; more or less frequent in Greenland, British Isles, and Helgoland. 246 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS LEUCOSTICTE Swanson. Leucosticte Swarnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 265. Type, by monotypy, Linaria (Leucosticte) tephrocotis SWAINSON. Leucosticte griseonicha (BRANDT). Aleutian Rosy Finch. [523.] Fringilla (Linaria) griseonucha Branpt, Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sei. St.- Pétersb., X, 1842, 252. (‘‘Insule Aleutice,’’ Alaska.) RancGE.— Islands of Bering Sea (St. Matthew, Commander, Pribilof, and Aleutian groups), western part of Alaska Peninsula, and Shu- magin Islands; winters east to Kadiak Island. Leucosticte tephrocétis SWAINSON. RanGeE.— Western North America south, in winter, to mountains of California and Colorado. a. Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis Swainson. Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. [524.] Linaria (Leucosticie) tephrocotts Swatnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., IJ, 1831 (1832), 265, pl. 50. (Saskatchewan River, probably near Carlton House, Saskatchewan. ) Range.— Mountains of western North America. Breeds in Alpine Zone of east central Alaska, west central Yukon, western Alberta, and higher parts of White Mountains and southern Sierra of California; in winter and in migra- tion west to the Cascade Range, east to the Saskatchewan plains and Mani- toba, north to Great Slave Lake, and south to Utah, Colorado and western Nebraska. b. Leucosticte tephrocotis littordlis Bairp. Hepburn’s Rosy Finch. [524a.] Leucosticte littoralis Barrp, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, i, 1869, 318, pl. 28, fig. 1. (Port Simpson, B.C.) Ranece.— Mountains of western North America. Occurs in summer and probably breeds above timberline on mountains from Alaska Peninsula east and south to Washington; winters along the Pacific coast from Kadiak Island to Vancouver Island, and southeastward in mountains to Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado; casual in Minnesota. Leucosticte atraéta Ripgway. Black Rosy Finch. [525.] Leucosticte atrata Ripaway, Amer. Sportsman, IV, July 18, 1874, 241. (Cafion City, Colorado.) ORDER PASSERES. 247 Rance.— Northern Rocky Mountains. Breeds in the Salmon River Mountains, Idaho, Uintah Mountains, northern Utah, and probably other northern ranges; winters south to southern Utah, Col- orado, and southeastern Wyoming. Leucosticte australis Ripcway. Brown-capped Rosy Finch. [526.] Leucosticte tephrocotis var. australis Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Dec., 1873, 197. (Mount Lincoln, at 12,000 ft., Colorado.) RancGe.— Breeds in Alpine Zone of the mountains of Colorado and perhaps northern New Mexico; winters mostly in the valleys of Colo- rado, and southward into New Mexico. GreNuUs ACANTHIS BorkKHAUSEN. Acanthis BORKHAUSEN, Deutsche Fauna, I, 1797, 248. Type, by subs. desig., Fringilla linaria Linnxus (Stejneger, 1884). Acanthis hérnemanni (HoLBO.1). RanGe.— Arctic and subarctic parts of the Northern Hemisphere, migrating south in winter to the northern border of the United States and to corresponding latitudes in the Old World. a. Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni (Horp6Li). Greenland Redpoll. [527.] Linota hornemanni Hous6u, Naturh. Tidsskr., IV, 1843, 398. (North Greenland, above Lat. 69° N. in summer.) Rance.— Arctic America and Europe. Breeds in Greenland north to 70° and in Iceland; winters in its breeding area and southward to Ungava; casual at Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay, and Galt, Ontario; accidental in England and France. b. Acanthis hornemanni exilipes (Couns). Hoary Redpoll. [527a.] Aigiothus exilipes Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 385. (Fort Simpson, Mackenzie.) Ranag.— Arctic America and northeastern Asia. Breeds from western Alaska to Ungava, and on Chukche Peninsula, ‘northeastern Asia; winters occasionally southward to British Columbia, Montana, northern Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Ontario, Maine, and Massachusetts, and in Asia to the Commander Islands and northern Japan. 248 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Acanthis linaria (LINN £Us). RanaE.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere, south in winter to middle temperate latitudes. a. Acanthis linaria linaria (LiInNmus). Redpoll. [528.] Fringilla linaria LinNmvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 182. (Sweden.) RanaeE.— Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds in North America in Boreal zones from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava south to northern Alberta, central Keewatin, and islands of Gulf of St. Lawrence; winters in more northern parts of United States, irregu- larly south to Lassen County, California, southeastern Oregon, Colorado, Kansas, Indiana, Ohio, and Virginia; casual in Alabama and Bermuda. b. Acanthis linaria holbelli (BreHM). MHolboll’s Redpoll. [528a.] Linaria holbellti BREHM, Handbuch Vogel Deutschl., 1831, 280. (Middle Germany — winter migrant.) Rance.— Northern parts of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds on Herschel Island; south in winter to Germany, Japan, and southeastern Siberia; occa- sional in migration to northwestern Alaska and southeast to Keewatin, Iowa, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, and Quebec. c. Acanthis linaria rostrata (Cours). Greater Redpoll. [528b.] Aigiothus rostratus Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 378. (Jakobshayn, Greenland.) Rance.— Resident in Greenland. In winter south through Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Ungava to Colorado, northern Illinois, Michigan, north- ern Indiana, southern New York, and Massachusetts. GENUS ASTRAGALINUS CaBanlis. Astragalinus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 159. Type, by subs. desig., Fringilla tristts LiInnmus (Gray, 1855). Astragalinus tristis (LINN ©Us). Rance.— North America from southern Canada south in winter to the Gulf coast and Mexico. a. Astragalinus tristis tristis (LInN=us). Goldfinch. [529.] Fringilla tristts Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 181. (Carolina, Virginia, and New York.) ORDER PASSERES. 249 RaNnGE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in lower Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from southern Manitoba, central Quebec, and New- foundland south toeastern Colorado, southern Oklahoma, central Arkansas, and northern Georgia; winters over most of its breeding area and southward to the Gulf coast. b. Astragalinus tristis pallidus (Mearns). Pale Goldfinch. [529a.] Spinus tristis pallidus Mearns, Auk, VII, July, 1890, 244. (Fort Verde, Yavapai Co., Arizona.) Rance.— Rocky Mountain plateau. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Manitoba south to central Nevada and southern Colorado; in winter south to Vera Cruz. c. Astragalinus tristis salicamans (GRINNELL). Willow Goldfinch. [529b.] Spinus tristis salicamans GRINNELL, Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, 397. (Pasa- dena, California.) Ranae.— Pacific coast region, from Washington to southern California ; south in winter to central Lower California. Astragalinus psaltria (Say). RaNGE.— Southwestern United States southward through Mexico and Central America to northern South America. a. Astragalinus psaltria psaltria (Say). Arkansas Goldfinch. [530.] Fringilla psaltria Say, in Long’s Exped., II, 1823, 40 (note). (Near Pueblo, Colorado.) Ranee.— Northern Colorado to central northern Texas and south through- out Mexico, except the northwestern and extreme southern portions; casual in Wyoming. b. Astragalinus psaltria hesperéphilus OnrrHoitserR. Green-backed Gold- finch. [530a.] Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., XVI, Sept. 30, 1903, 116. (San Bernardino, California.) RaNnGE.— Southwestern United States. Breeds in Upper Sonoran and Transition zones from southern Oregon and Utah to southern Lower California, Sonora, and extreme southwestern New Mexico; winters from central Califor- nia to Cape San Lucas. Astragalinus lawrencei (Cassin). Lawrence’s Goldfinch. [531.] Carduelis lawrencet Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1850, 105, pl. v. (Sonoma and San Diego, California.) 250 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanceE.— Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of California, west of the Sierra Nevada, from about latitude 40° south into northern Lower California; winters over most of its breeding range and east to Arizona and western New Mexico. GENUS SPINUS Kocu. Spinus Kocu, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 233. Type, by tautonymy, Frin- gilla spinus LINN&US. [Spinus notatus (Du Bus). Black-headed Goldfinch. [532.] Carduelis notata Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., XIV, Pt. 2, 1847, 106. (Mexico.) Rance.— Vera Cruz, Puebla, and City of Mexico to Guatemala and mountains of western Honduras; accidental in Kentucky.] Spinus pinus (WILSON). Pine Siskin. [533.] Fringilla pinus Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 133, pl. 17, fig. 1. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian zone from central Alaska, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and southern Ungava south through the higher mountains of western United States to San Pedro Martir, Lower California, and southern New Mexico, and to northern Minnesota, northern Michigan, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and in mountains to North Carolina, and casually in the lower Hudson Valley and Massachusetts; occurs in winter over most of the United States south to northern Mexico; casual in southern Lower California. GENUS PLECTROPHENAX STEJNEGER. Plectrophenax STEJNEGER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 33.. Type, by orig. desig., Emberiza nivalis LINN US. Plectréphenax nivalis (LINN vs). Rance.— Northern half of Northern Hemisphere, breeding in Arctic and subarctic regions. ORDER PASSERES. Li) Oo — a. Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis (Livnmzus). Snow Bunting. [534.] Emberiza nivalis Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 176. (Lapland.) Rance.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds in Arctic Zone from at least 83° north (ineluding Greenland) to northern parts of main- land from Alaska to Ungava; winters from Unalaska, southern Alberta, south- ern Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to northern United States and irregularly to northern California, Colorado, Kansas, southern Indiana, south- ern Ohio, and Florida; casual in Bermuda. b. Plectrophenax nivalis to6wnsendi Rincway. Pribilof Snow Bunting. [534a.] Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 403. (Otter Island, Bering Sea.) RanGeE.— Siberian coast of Bering Sea and Commander, Pribilof, Aleutian, and Shumagin Islands. Plectrophenax hyperboreus Ripcway. McKay’s Snow Bunting. [535.] Plectrophenax hyperboreus Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, 68. (St. Michael, Alaska.) Ranee.— Breeds on Hall and St. Matthew islands, Bering Sea; migrates in winter to the mainland of western Alaska (St. Michael, Kuskokwim River, and Nushagak). GENUS CALCARIUS BecusrTEIN. Calcarius BEcHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschi., I, 1802, 130. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla lapponica LINN mus. Calcarius lapponicus (LINN us). Rance.— Greater part of Northern Hemisphere, breeding in Arctic regions. a. Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus (Linnmus). Lapland Longspur. [536.] Fréngilla lapponica Linn mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758, 180. (Lapland.) Ranee.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from about latitude 73° on Arctic islands and west Greenland, and from latitude 75° in east Greenland south to limit of trees in Mackenzie (at least as far west as longitude 120°), central Keewatin, and northern Ungava; winters from south- ern Quebec and northern central United States irregularly south to the Middle States and Texas, rarely to Kentucky and South Carolina. 2oa2 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Calcarius lapponicus alascénsis Ripcway. Alaska Longspur. [536a.] Calcarius lapponicus alascensis Ripaway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 320. (St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands.) Raneey.— Western North America. Breeds in northern Alaska, including the Pribilof, Aleutian, and Shumagin islands, and east to mouth of Mackenzie River; winters south to eastern Oregon, Nevada, Colorado, and western Kan- sas; in migration east to Fort Resolution; accidental in California. Calcarius pictus (SWAINSON). Smith’s Longspur. [537.] Emberiza (Plectrophanes) picta Swartnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 250, pl. 49. (Carlton House, Saskatchewan.) RanGE.— Interior of North America. Breeds in Arctic Zone on the barren grounds from Fort Anderson, Mackenzie, east to Hudson Bay (Fort Churchill); has been taken west to Fort Yukon; winters from Kansas to central Texas; east in migration to the prairies of Illinois and southwestern Indiana; casual in South Carolina. Calcarius ornatus (J. K. TowNnsenpD). Chestnut-collared Longspur. [538.] Plectrophanes ornata TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, Pt. ii, 1837, 189. (Prairies of Platte River, probably near forks of the Platte, in western Nebraska.) RanGcE.— Great Plains region. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from Montana, southeastern Alberta, southern Saskatch- ewan, and Manitoba south to east central Wyoming, central Kansas, eastern Nebraska, and western Minnesota; winters from Colorado, Nebraska, and Iowa to Arizona, Sonora, and the southern end of the Mexican tableland; accidental in Maine, Massachusetts, New York (Long Island), and Maryland. GENUS RHYNCHOPHANES Bairp. Rhynchophanes Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., TX, 1858, 432. Type, by monotypy, Plectrophanes mccownit LAWRENCE. Rhynchéphanes mecéwni (LAWRENCE). McCown’s Longspur. [539.] Plectrophanes mccownii LAWRENCE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., V, 1851, 122. (High prairies of western Texas.) ORDER PASSERES. 253 RaNncE.— Great Plains region. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from central Alberta and southern Saskatchewan to southeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado, and southwestern Minnesota; winters from Colorado and Kansas south through Arizona and ‘Texas to northern Sonora and Durango; casual in migration to eastern British Columbia, Idaho, and Illinois. GENUS POG@CETES Barrp. Poecetes Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, xx, xxxix. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla graminea GMELIN. Poecetés gramineus (GMELIN). RanGE.— Temperate North America, south in winter as far as southern Mexico. a. Pocecetes gramineus gramineus (GMELIN). Vesper Sparrow. [540.] Fringilla graminea GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, li, 1789, 922. (New York.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in lower Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from southwestern Keewatin, central Ontario, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to eastern Nebraska, central Missouri, Kentucky, Virginia, and North Carolina, west to western Minnesota; Winters from the southern part of its breeding range to the Gulf coast, west to middle Texas; casual in Bermuda and Yucatan. b. Pocecetes gramineus confinis Barrp. Western Vesper Sparrow. [540a.] Poocetes gramineus var. confinis Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Sury. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 448. (Loup Fork of Platte River, Nebraska.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds in lower Canadian, Transition, and Upper Sonoran zones from southeastern British Columbia, northeastern Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan to middle eastern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, and east to middle of the Great Plains; winters from southern California and central Texas to Lower California and southern Mex- ico (Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca). c. Pocecetes gramineus affinis G. S. Mirter. Oregon Vesper Sparrow. [5406.] Poocetes gramineus affinis Mituer, Auk, V, Oct., 1888, 404. (Salem, Oregon.) RancE.— Pacific Coast region. Breeds from British Columbia to north- western Oregon; winters from southern California to Cape San Lueas. 254 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS PASSERCULUS Bonaparte. Passerculus BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 33. Type, by subs. desig., Fringilla savanna WiLson (Gray, 1840). Passérculus princeps Maynarp. Ipswich Sparrow. [541.] Passerculus princeps MaynNarp, Amer. Nat., VI, 1872, 637. (Ipswich, Mass.) Rance.— North Atlantic coast. Breeds on Sable Island, Nova Scotia; winters from Sable Island southward along the Atlantic coast to Georgia. Passerculus sandwichénsis (GMELIN). Rance.— North America from the Arctic coast south to Guatemala and the West Indies, breeding in the East mostly north of the United States, in the West south to the southern part of the Mexican table- land. a. Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis (GMELIN). Aelutian Savannah Sparrow. [542.] Emberiza sandwichensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 875. (Unalaska, Alaska.) Rance.— Northwest coast. Breeds on Unalaska and contiguous islands; winters eastward and southward along the coast of British Columbia, rarely to northern California. b. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna (WiLsoNn). Savannah Sparrow. [542a.] Fringilla savanna Witson, Amer. Orn., IIT, 1811, 55, pl. 22, fig. 3. (Near Great Egg Harbor, N. J.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Boreal and Transi- tion zones from central Keewatin and northern Ungava south to northern Jowa (casually Missouri), northern Indiana, mountains of Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Long Island, and casually in southern New Jersey; winters from southern Indiana and southern New Jersey south to northeastern Mexico, the Gulf coast, Bahamas, and Cuba; casual in Bermuda. c. Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonapartr. Western Savannah Sparrow. [542b.] Passerculus alaudinus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXVII, 1853, 918. (California.) ORDER PASSERES. Pilg RanaceE.— Western North America. Breeds from the Arctic coast of Alaska and Mackenzie to southern part of Mexican tableland, Puebla, and Tlaxcala, and from the Pacifie coast north of California to the western border of the Great Plains (in migration to middle of the Plains); winters from northern California and northern Texas to Lower California, Mexico (except the tropi- eal border), and south to Guatemala. d. Passerculus sandwichensis brfanti Rincway. Bryant’s Sparrow. [542c.] Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VII, 1885, 517. (Oakland, California.) Rance.— Coast of California. Breeds on salt marshes from Humboldt Bay to San Francisco Bay; winters coastwise to southern California; occa- sional in the Valley of Mexico. Passerculus béldingi Ripaway. Belding’s Sparrow. [543.] Passerculus beldingi Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1885, 516. (San Diego, California.) RaANGE.— Salt marshes of southern California and Lower Cali- fornia from Santa Barbara to Todos Santos Island and San Quintin Bay. Passerculus rostratus (CAssIN). RanGE.— Southern California, Lower California, and adjacent islands. a. Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin). Large-billed Sparrow. [544.] Emberiza rostrata Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 184. (San Diego, California.) Rance.— Coast of southern California and Lower California. Breeding range unknown, but probably from about San Pedro, California, to near San Quintin Bay, Lower California; winters from San Pedro southward along both coasts of Lower California to Cape San Lucas, and on Todos Santos Island and coast of Sonora as far as Guaymas; casual in Arizona. b. Passerculus rostratus guttatus Lawrence. San Lucas Sparrow. [544a.] Passerculus guttatus LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., VIII, 1867, 473. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) Rance.— Lower California. Breeds on Abreojos Point; winters in south- ern part of the Peninsula (San José del Cabo). 256 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Passerculus rostratus sanctorum Ripaway. San Benito Sparrow. [544c.] Passerculus sanctorum Ripaway, Proce. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 538. (San Benito Island, Lower California.) RanGgE.— San Benito Island, Lower California; south in winter to the Cape Region. Y GENus AMMODRAMUS Swarnson. Ammodramus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N.S., I, June, 1827, 435. Type, by monotypy, Ammodramus bimaculatus SwAtNson. Suscenus CENTRONYX Bairp. Centronyx Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 440. Type, by monotypy, Emberiza bairdit AupDUBON. Ammé6dramus bairdi (AUDUBON). Baird’s Sparrow. ([545.] Emberiza bairdii AupUBON, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 359, pl. 500. (East- ern Montana, near Old Fort Union, North Dakota.) RaNnGE.— Great Plains region. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southwestern Saskatchewan and southwestern Keewatin to central Montana, central North Dakota, and northwestern Minne- sota; migrates through Arizona and New Mexico and winters from central Texas to Chihuahua and northern Sonora; accidental on Long Island, N. Y. Suspcenus AMMODRAMUS Swarnson. Ammodramus savannarum (GMELIN). RaNGE.— United States south to the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. a. [Ammodramus savannarum savannarum. Extralimital.] b. Ammodramus savannarum austrélis Maynarp. Grasshopper Sparrow. [546.] Ammodromus australis MAYNARD, Amer. Exch. and Mart, III, 1887, 33. (Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.) ORDER PASSERES. Do Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Austral zones (sporadically in Transition) east of the Great Plains from southern Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and southern New Hampshire south to southern Louisiana, central Alabama, northern Georgia, and northern South Carolina; winters from south- ern Illinois and North Carolina south to the Bahamas, Cuba, Cozumel Island, Yucatan, and the Gulf coast of Mexico; casual in Maine. c. Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus Swainson. Western Grass- hopper Sparrow. ([546a.] Ammodramus bimaculatus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, ° 435. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southeastern British Columbia, northwestern Montana, and south- ern Minnesota south to southern California and southern Texas; winters from southern California and southern Texas southward to Cape San Lucas, Guate- mala, and Costa Rica. d. Ammodramus savannarum floridianus (MmAarns). Florida Grasshopper Sparrow. ([546b.] Coturniculus savannarum floridanus MEARNS, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 915. (Kissimmee Prairie, 7 miles east of Alligator Bluff, Os- ceola Co., Florida.) RanGe.— Central Florida (Kissimmee Prairie region). GENUS PASSERHERBULUS Maynarp. Passerherbulus MayNarpD, Birds East. N. A., ed. 2, Pt. 40, 1895, 707. Type, by orig. desig., Emberiza lecontetti AUDUBON. Passerhérbulus hénslowi (AUDUBON). RanGcE.— Eastern United States west to the Great Plains. a. Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi (AupuBon). Henslow’s Sparrow. [547.] Emberiza henslowi Aupuson, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pl. 70. (“‘Op- posite Cincinnati, in the state of Kentucky.’’) RanGeE.— Eastern United States. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from central Minnesota, Ontario, New York, and southern New Hamp- shire south to southern Missouri and northern Virginia; winters in southern United States to Texas and southern Florida. 258 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Pagsserherbulus henslowi occidentalis (BREwsTER). Western Henslow’s Sparrow. [547a.] Ammodramus henslowii occidentalis Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 145. (Moody Co., South Dakota.) RaNnGE.— Breeds from South Dakota to northern Texas; winters in south- eastern Texas. Passerherbulus lecdntei (AUDUBON). Leconte’s Sparrow. [548]. Emberiza leconteti AUDUBON, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 338, pl. 488. (South- ern South Dakota, south of mouth of White River.) RanGE.— Central North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from Great Slave Lake, Mackenzie, southern Sas- katchewan, and Manitoba southward to North Dakota and southern Minnesota; winters from southern Kansas and southern Missouri to ‘Texas, Florida, and the coast of South Carolina, and occasionally to North Carolina; casual in Ontario and New York; accidental in Idaho and Colorado. Passerherbulus caudacitus (GMELIN). Sharp-tailed Sparrow. [549.] Oriolus caudacutus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, i, 1788, 394. (New York.) RANGE.— Salt marshes of Atlantic coast. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from Massachusetts to Virginia; winters on salt marshes from New Jersey (casually from Massachusetts) to Florida. Passerherbulus nélsoni (ALLEN). RanaeE.— Eastern North America, breeding mainly north of the United States, south in winter to the South Atlantic and Gulf States. a. Passerherbulus nelsoni nelsoni (ALLEN). Nelson’s Sparrow. [549.1.] Ammodromus caudacutus var. nelsoni ALLEN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XVII, 1875, 293. (Calumet Marshes, Ainsworth, now South Chicago, Hlinois.) RancGeE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and upper Transi- tion zones from Great Slave Lake and west central Alberta southeastward to southwestern Manitoba and northeastern South Dakota; winters on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from North Carolina to Florida and Texas; north- ward on the Atlantic coast during migration at least to New York, Massa- chusetts, and Maine; accidental in California. ORDER PASSERES. 259 b. Passerherbulus nelsoni subvirgatus (DwicuT). Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow. [549.1a.] Ammodramus caudacutus subvirgatus Dwiaut, Auk, IV, July, 1887, 233. (Hillsborough, Albert Co., N. B.) RaNGE.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds mainly in Canadian Zone from southeastern Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Cape Breton Island to Maine; winters on coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Passerherbulus maritimus (WILson). RaNnGE.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Massa- chusetts to Texas. a. Passerherbulus maritimus maritimus (Witson). Seaside Sparrow. [550.] Fringilla maritema Witson, Amer. Orn., IV, 1811, 68, pl. 34, fig. 2. (“Sea islands along our Atlantic coast.’’) RanGe.— Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast. Breeds chiefly in Upper Austral Zone from southern Massachusetts to Virginia; winters from Virginia to Georgia. b. Passerherbulus maritimus peninsule (ALLEN). Scott’s Seaside Sparrow. [550a.] Ammodramus maritimus peninsule ALLEN, Auk, V, July, 1888, 284. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RanGE.— West coast of Florida, from Tarpon Springs at least to Cedar Keys. c. Passerherbulus maritimus sénnetti (ALLEN). Texas Seaside Sparrow. [5506.] Ammodramus maritimus sennettt ALLEN, Auk, V, July, 1888, 286. (Cor- pus Christi, Texas.) Ranae.— Coast of Texas from Galveston southwest at least to Corpus Christi. : d. Passerherbulus maritimus fisheri (CHAPMAN). Louisiana Seaside Sparrow. [550c.] Ammodramus maritimus fisheri CHAPMAN, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 10. (Grand Island, Louisiana.) Ranae.— Central Gulf coast. Breeds on coasts of Louisiana and Missis- sippi and probably Alabama; winters southwestward along the coast to Corpus Christi, Texas, and eastward to Tarpon Springs, Florida; casual at Charleston, 8. C. 260 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Passerherbulus maritimus macgillivraii (AupUBON). Macgillivray’s Sea- side Sparrow. [550d.] Fringilla macgillivrati Aupuspon, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 285. (Near Charleston, South Carolina.) Rance.— South Atlantic coast. Breeds from North Carolina to Georgia and northern Florida; winters along the Gulf coast to Louisiana. Passerherbulus nigréscens (RipGway). Dusky Seaside Sparrow. [551.] Ammodromus maritimus var. nigrescens RipaGway, Bull. Essex Inst., V Dec., 1873, 198. (Merritt Island, Florida.) Rance.— Marshes at northern end of Indian River, east coast of Florida. GENUS CHONDESTES Swainson. Chondestes Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 435. Type, by monotypy, Chondestes strigatus SWAINSON. Chondéstes grammacus (Say). RanGE.— Mississippi Valley to the Pacific coast, north to Sas- katchewan Valley, south to Mexican plateau, and in winter south to Guatemala. a. Chondestes grammacus grammacus (Say). Lark Sparrow. [552.] Fringilla grammaca Say, in Long’s Exped., I, 1823, 139 (note). (Belle- fontaine, 4 miles from mouth of Missouri River, Missouri.) RanceE.— Mississippi Valley east of the Great Plains. Breeds mainly in Austral zones from eastern Nebraska, northwestern Minnesota, central Wis- consin, and southern Ontario south to southern Louisiana and central Ala- bama and east to western Pennsylvania, western Maryland, and northwestern West Virginia; casual in Nova Scotia, New York, Massachusetts, New Jersey, District of Columbia, North Carolina, and Florida; winter home unknown except in southern Mississippi. b. Chondestes grammacus strigdtus Swarnson. Western Lark Sparrow. [552a.] Chondestes strigatus SwAINSON, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, June, 1827, 435. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) ORDER PASSERES. 261 Rance.— Western United States. Breeds mainly in Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia and southern Saskatchewan south to the Mexican tableland (Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango), and from the Pacifie east to cen- tral North Dakota and eastern Texas; winters from northern California and southern Texas through Lower California and southern Mexico to Guatemala. GENUS ZONOTRICHIA SwWaINsoNn. Zonotrichia Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 493. Type, by subs. desig., Fringilla pensylvanica LatnHam = Fringilla albicollis GMELIN (Bonaparte, 1832). Zonotrichia quérula (NUTTALL). MHarris’s Sparrow. [553.] Fringilla querula Nurratyt, Manual Orn., ed. 2, I, 1840, 555. (Near Independence, Missouri.) RANGE.— Central North America. Breeds in Hudsonian Zone at Fort Churchill, Hudson Bay, Artillery Lake, Mackenzie, and probably to Great Bear Lake and the district just south of the Barren Grounds; in migration ranges east to western Ontario and eastern Illinois, and west to central Montana and eastern Colorado; winters from north- ern Kansas and western Missouri southward to southern Texas; casual in British Columbia; accidental in California, Oregon, Wash- ington, and Ohio. Zonotrichia leucéphrys (J. R. ForsTer). RanGeE.— North America from tree limit south, in winter, to south- ern border of Mexico. Breeds in high latitudes, and at high altitudes in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico, and on the Pacific coast to central California. a. Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys (J. R. Forster). White-crowned Sparrow. [554.] Emberiza leucophrys Forster, Philos. Trans., LXITI, 1772, 426. (Severn River, west shore of Hudson Bay.) Ranae.— North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones of high mountains from southern Oregon to central California, and east to Wyoming and southern New Mexico, and from limit of trees in central Kee- watin and northern Ungava to southeastern Keewatin, central Quebec, and 262 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. southern Greenland; winters from northern Lower California, southern Arizona, southern Kansas, and the Ohio Valley (casually from the Potomac Valley) south to Louisiana and Mississippi and over the Mexican plateau to Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Guanajuato. b. Zonotrichia leucophrys gambel (NurTatL). Gambel’s Sparrow. [554a.] Fringilla gambelii Nutrauu, Manual Orn., ed. 2, I, 1840, 556. (Near Fort Walla Walla, Washington.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska and northern Mackenzie (rarely outside the mountains south of Great Slave Lake) south to central Oregon and central Montana, west to coast mountains of southwestern Alaska and British Columbia; winters from northern California and Utah south to San Luis Potosi, Mazatlan, Lower California and outlying islands; casual east in migration to Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, and eastern Texas. ce. Zonotrichia leucophrys ntttalli Ripcway. Nuittall’s Sparrow. [5546.] Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli Ripaway, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 36. (Santa Cruz, California.) RanGE.— Pacific coast. Breeds in Humid Transition Zone from Port Simpson, British Columbia, to San Luis Obispo County, California; winters from central Oregon southward to Santa Margarita Island, Lower California. Zonotrichia corondta (PaLuas). Golden-crowned Sparrow. [557.] Emberiza coronata Pauias, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, II, 1826 (18117), 44, and pl. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) Rancr.— Pacific coast region. Breeds at Kotzebue Sound and south to Shumagin Islands, Alaska Peninsula, Kadiak Island, and south at least to central British Columbia; winters from central Oregon south throughout California west of the Sierra Nevada to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, and on the Santa Barbara Islands, and casually to Guadalupe Island; in migration east to east central Alaska and western Alberta, straggling east to Nevada and Colorado; accidental in Wisconsin. Zonotrichia albicéllis (GMELIN). White-throated Sparrow. [558.] Fringilla albicollis GMevin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 921. (Pennsylvania.) RanGeE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and lower Hudsonian zones from northern Mackenzie (Fort Good Hope), ORDER PASSERES. 263 central Keewatin, and southern Ungava south to central Alberta, southern Montana, central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and mountains of northern Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts; winters from Missouri, the Ohio Valley, southern Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Massachusetts (casually Maine) soutn to northeastern Mexico and Florida; casual in Oregon, California, Utah, and Colorado. GENUS SPIZELLA BoNAPARTE. Spizella BonapartE, Giornale Arcadico, LII, 1832, 205. Type, by monotypy, Iringilla pusilla Wiuson. Spizélla monticola (GMELIN). Rance.— Northern North America, south in winter nearly to southern border of United States. a. Spizella monticola monticola (GMELIN). Tree Sparrow. [559.] Fringilla monticola GMruin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 912. (Canada.) RanGE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian Zone from central Mackenzie (Great Bear Lake) and northern Ungava to Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland; winters from southern Minnesota, Ontario, and the Maritime Provinces south to eastern Oklahoma, central Arkansas, and South Carolina. b. Spizella monticola ochracea Brewster. Western Tree Sparrow. [559a.] Spizella monticola ochracea BrewstER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, Oct., 1882, 228. (Fort Walla Walla, Washington.) Ranae.— Western North America. Breeds from the coast of Bering Sea east to the Anderson River, and south in mountains to central British Columbia; winters through western North America to Arizona, New Mexico, and central Texas and east to eastern Nebraska and eastern Kansas. Spizella passerina (BrCHSTEIN). Ranar.—North America, from southern Canada south to Nicaragua. a. Spizella passerina passerina (BecHsTeIN). Chipping Sparrow. [560.] Fringilla passerina BecusTEIN, in LarHam, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, III, ii, 1798, 544, pl. 120, fig. 1. (Canada.) 264 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rancy.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Austral zones from central Saskatchewan, southwestern Keewatin, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island to central Texas, southern Mississippi, and central Georgia; winters chiefly in southern States, occasion- ally as far north as Oklahoma and southern New Jersey; casual in Cuba and northeastern Mexico. b. Spizella passerina arizOnze Cours. Western Chipping Sparrow. [560a.] Spizella socialis var. arizone Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 148. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Sonoran zones from Yukon (Dawson), Mackenzie (Fort Good Hope), and northeastern Alberta to tableland and mountains of Chihuahua, northern Mexico; winters from southern California and central Texas south to Cape San Lucas, Puebla, Michoacan, and Oaxaca; casually to Guadalupe Island. Spizella pallida (SwAINSON). Clay-colored Sparrow. [561.] Emberiza pallida Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., IJ, 1831 (1832), 251. (Carlton House, Saskatchewan.) RanGE.— Interior North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from southeastern British Columbia, southern Mac- kenzie (Great Slave Lake), southwestern Keewatin, and Isle Royale, Michigan, to western Montana, southeastern Colorado, northern Nebraska, and northwestern Illinois; winters from southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to Cape San Lucas, Guanajuato, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; casual in Ontario and Indiana. Spizella bréweri Cassin. Brewer’s Sparrow. [562.] Spizella brewert Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 40. (‘‘ Black Hills,” a few miles west of Fort Laramie, Wyoming.) RancGE.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in the Transi- tion Zone from southeastern British Columbia, west central Alberta, east central Montana, and northwestern Nebraska south to southern California, southern Arizona, and southwestern Texas; winters from southern California and central Texas south through Lower Cali- fornia and Mexico to Jalisco; accidental in Massachusetts. ORDER PASSERES. 265 Spizella pusilla (W1LsoNn). Rance.— United States and southern Canada. a. Spizella pusilla pusilla (Witson). Field Sparrow. [563.] Fringilla pusilla Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 121, pl. 16, fig. 2. (Penn- sylvania.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southern Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Quebec, and southern Maine to central Texas, central Louisiana, and northern Florida; winters from Missouri, Illinois, southern Pennsylvania, and New Jersey to the Gulf coast, casually further north. b. Spizella pusilla arendcea CHADBOURNE. Western Field Sparrow. [563c.] Spizella pusilla arenacea CHADBOURNE, Auk, III, April, 1886, 248. (Lar- edo, Texas.) RanGE.— Great Plains region. Breeds in Upper Austral Zone from south- eastern Montana and southwestern North Dakota to central Nebraska; win- ters from south of its breeding range to southern Texas, Louisiana, and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Spizella wortheni Rripacway. Worthen’s Sparrow. [564.] Spizella worthent Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, 259. (Sil- ver City, New Mexico.) RanGE.— New Mexico and Mexico. Breeds from Silver City, New Mexico, to Tamaulipas, Mexico; winters south to southern Puebla. Spizella atrogularis (CABANIS). Black-chinned Sparrow. [565.] Spinites atrogularis CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 133 (note). (Mexico.) RancE.— Breeds in desert and coast ranges of southern California, Arizona, and southern New Mexico to northern Lower California and south over the Mexican tableland to Hidalgo, Puebla, Mexico, Jalisco, and Michoacan; winters in the southern part of its breeding range and south to Cape San Lucas. 266 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus JUNCO WaAGLER. Junco Wactrr, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 526. Type, by monotypy, Junco pheonotus WAGLER. Jinco aikeni RipGway. White-winged Junco. [566.] Junco hyemalis var. aikent Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VII, Oct., 1873, 613, 615. (El Paso Co., Colorado.) Rance.— Central Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in the Bear Lodge Mountains, Wyoming, the Black Hills, South Dakota, and in northwestern Nebraska; winters from the Black Hills to southern Col- orado and western Kansas, and casually to Oklahoma and New Mexico. Junco hyemalis (LINN£us). RancE.— North America, from tree limit south to the Gulf coast and Mexico, breeding northward and in the more elevated parts. a. Junco hyemalis hyemalis (Linnmus). Slate-colored Junco. [567.] Fringilla hyemalis Linn mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 183. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern and northern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones in northwestern Alaska (tree limit), northern Mackenzie (tree limit), central Keewatin, and central Ungava south to base of Alaska Peninsula, southern Yukon, central Alberta, northern Minnesota, central Michigan, Ontario, and mountains of New York, Pennsylvania, and Massa- chusetts; winters throughout the eastern United States and southern Ontario south to the Gulf coast; casual in California, Arizona, and New Mexico; straggles to Siberia. b. Junco hyemalis oregAnus (J. K. Townsenp). Oregon Junco. [567a.] Fringilla oregana TownsEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, Pt. 2, 1837, 188. (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RanGE.— North Pacific coast. Breeds from Yakutat Bay, Alaska, to Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; winters southward along the coast to Santa Cruz and San Mateo counties, California; casually to eastern Oregon and Nevada. c. Junco hyemalis connéctens Cours. Shufeldt’s Junco. [567b.] Junco hiemalis connectens Cours, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 378. (Colorado Springs, Colorado.) ORDER PASSERES. 267 RanGe.— Rocky Mountain region. Breeds from the coast of southern British Columbia east to west central Alberta and south to northern Oregon; winters over entire Rocky Mountain tableland to eastern Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, western Texas, Chihuahua, and Sonora; casual in northern Lower California. d. Junco hyemalis thirberi ANrHony. Thurber’s Junco. [567c.] Junco hyemalis thurberi ANTHONY, Zoe, I, Oct., 1890, 238. (Wilson Peak, San Gabriel Range, California.) Ranee.— Mountains of California. Breeds from southern Oregon south through the Sierra Nevada and coast ranges of California to Laguna Hansen Mountains, Lower California; winters at lower altitudes, straying to Arizona. e. Junco hyemalis pindsus Loomis. Point Pinos Junco. [567d.] Junco pinosus Loomis, Auk, X, Jan., 1893, 47. (Point Pinos, near Monterey, California.) RanceE.— Coast strip of San Mateo and northern Monterey counties, Cali- fornia. jf. Junco hyemalis carolinénsis Brewster. Carolina Junco. [567e.] Junco hyemalis carolinensis BREwstxER, Auk, III, Jan., 1886, 108. (Black Mountain, Buncombe Co., N. C.) RancGe.— Southern Alleghenies. Breeds in the Canadian Zone (overlapping into the upper Transition) of mountains from western Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia south to northern Georgia; winters in adjacent lowlands. g. Junco hyemalis montanus Ringway. Montana Junco. [567/.] Junco montanus Ripaway, Auk, XV, Oct., 1898, 321. (Columbia Falls, Montana.) RancGe.— Northern Rocky Mountains. Breeds in Canadian Zone from southern Alberta south to northern Idaho and northwestern Montana; winters south to Arizona, New Mexico, Chihuahua, and Texas, and east casually to Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Maryland. h. Junco hyemalis mearnsi Ripaway. Pink-sided Junco. [567g.] Junco mearnsi Ripaway, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, 94. (Fort Bridger, Wyoming.) Rance.— Rocky Mountain region. Breeds from southwestern Seskatche- wan to southern Idaho and northern Wyoming; winters south through Wyoming and Colorado to southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and northeastern Sonora. 268 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. i. Junco hyemalis annéctens Barrp. Ridgway’s Junco. [567h.] Junco annectens Baird, in CoopPER, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., I, 1870, 564. (Fort Bridger, Wyoming.) RaneE.— Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico. j. Junco hyemalis townsendi ANrHony. Townsend’s Junco. [5677.] Junco townsendi ANTHONY, Proce. Calif. Acad. Scei., ser. 2, II, Oct. 11, 1889, 76. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.) Ranae.— San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Junco pheondtus WAGLER. Rance.— Mountains of southern Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado south to the high mountains of central and southern Mexico. a. [Junco pheonotus pheonotus. Extralimital.] b. Junco pheonotus pallidtus Ringway. Arizona Junco. [570.] Junco cinereus palliatus Rrpaway, Auk, II, Oct., 1885, 364. (Mount Graham, Arizona.) RanGe.— Mountains of southern Arizona and northern Mexico in Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Sonora. ce. Junco pheonotus dorsalis Henry. Red-backed Junco. [570a.] Junco dorsalis Henry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117. (Fort Thorn, New Mexico.) RanGeE.— Breeds in Transition and Canadian zones of high mountains in Arizona-and New Mexico; winters south to southwestern Texas, Sonora, and Chihuahua. d. Junco pheonotus céniceps (WoopHouUsSz). Gray-headed Junco. [570b.] Struthus caniceps WoopnHouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 202. (San Francisco Mountain, Arizona.) Ranae.— Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in southern Wyoming, Colo- rado, Utah, Nevada, and northern New Mexico: winters at lower elevations and south to Senora and Chihuahua; casual in southern California. Junco bairdi Ripaway. Baird’s Junco. [571.] Junco bairdt Ripeway, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 155. (Laguna, Lower California.) Rance.— Mountains of the Cape Region of Lower California. ORDER PASSERES. 269 Junco insularis Ripcway. Guadalupe Junco. [572.] Junco insularis Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., II, No. 2, April 1, 1876, 188. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RanGE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. GEeNus AMPHISPIZA Cougs. Amphispiza Couss, Birds Northwest, 1875, 234. Type, by orig. desig., Emberiza bilineata Cassin. Amphispiza bilinedta (CAssIN). RancE.— Arid plains of western United States from southeastern California and northern Nevada east to western Texas and south into northern Mexico. a. Amphispiza bilinedta bilineata (Cassin). Black-throated Sparrow. [573.] Emberiza bilineata Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 104, pl. 3. (Rio Grande, Texas.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone of northern middle Texas south into Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. b. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola RrpGway. Desert Sparrow. [573a.] Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ripaway, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 229. (Separates publ. May 13.) (Tueson, Arizona.) RancGe.— Arid plains of Sonoran zones from east central California, north- ern Nevada, northern Utah, southeastern Colorado, and western Texas south to central Lower California, Chihuahua, and Sonora; winters from southern border of United States southward. Amphispiza bélli (Cassin). Bell’s Sparrow. [574.] Emberiza belli Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 104, pl. 4. (Near Sonoma or San Diego, California.) RanGe.— Valleys and foothills of California, west of Sierra Nevada, and Colorado Desert from about latitude 38° south to northwestern Lower California; also on San Clemente Island. 270 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Amphispiza nevadénsis (RrpGway). RANGE.— Sagebrush plains of western United States south to northern Mexico. a. Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis (Ripaway). Sage Sparrow. [574.1.] Poospiza bellit var. nevadensis Ripaway, Bull. Essex Inst., V, Nov., 1873, 191, 198. (West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.) RanceE.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from central Washington, central Idaho, and central Wyoming south to southeastern California and southern Colorado; winters from southeastern California, southern Nevada, and southern Utah to Arizona, southern New Mexico, southwestern Texas, and Chihuahua. b. Amphispiza nevadensis cinérea C. H. Townsenp. Gray Sage Sparrow. [574.1a.] Amphispiza belli cinerea TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, Sept. 9, 1890, 136. (Ballenas Bay, Lower California.) RANGE.— West coast of Lower California from Santo Domingo to Ballenas Bay. c. Amphispiza nevadensis canéscens GRINNELL. California Sage Sparrow. {574.1b.] Amphispiza belli canescens GRINNELL, Condor, VII, 1905, 18. (Seymour Creek Meadow, 5500 ft., Mount Pinos, Ventura Co., California.) RancGe.— Upper Sonoran Zone in Owens Valley and adjacent areas in eastern California and extreme western Nevada. GENUS PEUCAGA AUDUBON. Peucewa AUDUBON, Synopsis, 1839, 112. Type, by subs. desig., Fringilla bachmant AuDUBON (Gray, 1841). Peucéa estivalis (LICHTENSTEIN). RancGE.— Southeastern United States. a. Peucea estivalis estivalis (LICHTENSTEIN). Pine-woods Sparrow. [575.] Fringilla estivalis LicHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 25. (Georgia.) Ranee.— Georgia and Florida. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from southern Georgia south to central Florida; winters in central and southern Florida. ORDER PASSERES. A b. Peucea estivalis bichmani (AupuBoNn). Bachman’s Sparrow. [575a.] Fringilla bachmani AupuBON, Birds Amer. (folio), II, 1833, pl. 165. (Near Charleston, S. C.) RanGe.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Carolinian and Austro- riparian zones in central Illinois (locally to southeastern Iowa), southern Indiana, southern Ohio, and central Virginia south to central Texas and ex- treme northwestern Florida; winters from southern North Carolina south- ward into Florida; casual near Washington, D. C. Peucea bottérii (ScLATER). Botteri’s Sparrow. [576.] Zonotrichia botteriti ScuaTeR, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857 (1858), 214. (Near Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RaNnGE.— Southern Arizona and Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, south over Mexican tableland to Chiapas. Peucea cassini (WoopHOUSE). Cassin’s Sparrow. [578.] Zonotrichia cassinti WoopxHouss, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 60. (Near San Antonio, Texas.) RancGE.— Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern Nevada, southeastern Colorado (casually central Colorado), and southwestern Kansas south to northern Sonora and mouth of Rio Grande; winters from southern Arizona to southern Sinaloa and central Tamaulipas. GENus AIMOPHILA SwaInson. Aimophila Swarnson, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 287. Type, by subs. desig., Pipilo rufescens Swainson (Gray, 1840). Aimophila carpalis (Cours). Rufous-winged Sparrow. [579.] Peucea carpalis Cours, Amer. Nat., VII, June, 1873, 322 (note). (Tuc- son, Arizona.) RanGe.— Southern Arizona and Sonora south to northern Sinaloa. Aimophila rificeps (Cassin). RaNnGE.— Southwestern United States from California, Arizona, and Texas to southern Mexico. 272 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Aimophila ruficeps ruficeps (Cassin). Rufous-crowned Sparrow. [580.] Ammodromus ruficeps Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 184. (Calaveras River, near Stockton, California.) Rance.— Upper Sonoran Zone of California west of the Sierra Nevada from Marin and Placer counties to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, and Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz islands. b. Aimophila ruficeps scOtti (SENNETT). Scott’s Sparrow. [580a.] Peucea ruficeps scottii SeEnNetT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 42. (Pinal Co., Arizona.) RaneGsx.— Southern Arizona, northern New Mexico, and southwestern Texas south to Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango; casual in Colorado. c. Aimophila ruficeps eremeca (N. C. Brown). Rock Sparrow. [580bd.] Peucea ruficeps eremeca Brown, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, Jan., 1882, 26. (Boerne, Kendall Co., Texas.) RancGeE.— Breeds in the Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma, and from Cook County, Texas, southwest to the Pecos River; winters south to Puebla and Vera Cruz. d. Aimophila ruficeps soréria Ripaway. Laguna Sparrow. [580c.] Aimophila ruficeps sororia Ripaway, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 226. (Vic- toria Mountains, Lower California.) RanGE.— Mountains of Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS MELOSPIZA Barrp. Melospiza Barry, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 476. Type, by orig. desig., Fringilla melodia WiLSON. Melospiza melodia (WILson). RancE.— North America from Alaska and northern Quebec south to southern border of Mexican tableland. a. Melospiza melodia melodia (Witson). Song Sparrow. [581.] Fringilla melodia Wiuson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 125, pl. xvi, fig. 4. (Eastern United States.) Ranee.— North America east of the Rocky Mountains. Breeds in Cana- dian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from southern Mackenzie (Great ORDER PASSERES. Dies Slave Lake), central Keewatin, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to southern Nebraska, central Missouri, Kentucky, southern Virginia, and southern North Carolina (mountains), and west to the Rocky Mountains of Alberta; winters from Nebraska, Illinois, Massachusetts (locally), and New Jersey south to the Gulf coast, and sporadically north to Michigan and Nova Scotia. b. Melospiza melodia fallax (Bairp). Desert Song Sparrow. [581a.] Zonotrichia fallax Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 119. (Pueblo Creek, Lat. 35° N., Long. 113° W., Arizona.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southern Nevada and southwestern Utah to southeastern California, southeastern Arizona, northeastern Lower California, and Sonora. c. Melospiza melodia montana HensHaw. Mountain Song Sparrow. [5810.] Melospiza fasciata montana Hensuaw, Auk, I, July, 1884, 224. (Fort Bridger, Wyoming.) Ranae.—Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada region. Breeds in Transi- tion Zone from eastern Oregon, southern Idaho, and Montana to middle eastern California and northern New Mexico; winters south to western Texas and northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Sonora). d. Melospiza melodia heérmanni Barrp. Heermann’s Song Sparrow. [58lc.] Melospiza heermanni Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 478. (Tejon Valley (in winter), California.) Raneg.— Central valleys of California, principally San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys; in winter casually to Nevada. e. Melospiza melodia samuélis (Bairp). Samuels’s Song Sparrow. [581d.] Ammodromus samuelis Barrp, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., VI, Aug., 1858, 379. (Petaluma, California.) Rance.— Coast region of middle California from Marin County to Santa Cruz except salt marshes on south side of San Francisco Bay. jf. Melospiza melodia mérphna OserHorseR. Rusty Song Sparrow. [5S8le.] Melospiza melodia morphna OpeRHotseR, Auk, XVI, April, 1899, 183. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver.) RanGe.— Pacifie coast belt. Breeds from extreme southern Alaska to southern Washington; winters south to southern California. 274 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. g- Melospiza melodia rufina (BonaPaRTE). Sooty Song Sparrow. [581/.] Passerella rufina Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 477. (Sitka, Alaska.) RancGe.— Alaska coast district. Breeds on the southern islands and coast from Cross Sound and Glacier Bay to Dixon Entrance; winters south to coast of British Columbia, Vancouver Island, and the Olympic Mountains of Wash- ington. h. Melospiza melodia rivuléris W. Bryant. Brown’s Song Sparrow. [581g.] Melospiza fasciata rivularis Bryant, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, I, Sept. 29, 1888, 197. (Comondu, Lower California.) Rance.— South central Lower California (San Ignacio to Comondu). i. Melospiza melodia graminea C. H. Townsenp. Santa Barbara Song Sparrow. [581h.] Melospiza fasciata graminea TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 139. (Santa Barbara Island, California.) RanGeE.— Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz islands, California. 7. Melospiza melodia cleménte C. H. Townsenp. San Clemente Song Sparrow. [581i.] Melospiza fasciata clemente TOWNSEND, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 139. (San Clemente Island, California.) RancE.— San Clemente, San Miguel, and Santa Rosa islands, California, and Coronados Islands, Lower California. k. Melospiza melodia juddi BisHop. Dakota Song Sparrow. [581j.] Melospiza fasciata juddi Bisnop, Auk, XIII, April, 1896, 132. (Rock Lake, Towner Co., North Dakota.) Rance.— Southwestern Saskatchewan to Turtle Mountains, North Dakota. ]. Melospiza melodia mérrilli Brewster. Merrill’s Song Sparrow. [581k.] Melospiza fasciata merrilli BREWSTER, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 46. (Fort Sherman, Idaho.) Rance.— Northwestern United States. Breeds from Fort Sherman, Idaho, west and south through Washington and Oregon east of the Cascades to Shasta County, California; winters south to Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and Sonora. m. Melospiza melodia pusillula Rincway. Alameda Song Sparrow. [5811.] Melospiza fasciata pusillula Riweway, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 35. (Ala- meda Co., California.) RaNnGE.— Salt marshes on south side of San Francisco Bay, California. ORDER PASSERES. 275 n. Melospiza melodia codperi Ringway. San Diego Song Sparrow. [581m.] Melospiza fasciata cooperi Ripaway, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 35. (San Diego, California.) Rance.— Monterey Bay, California, south to San Quintin Bay, Lower California, and east to Fort Tejon and San Bernardino. o. Melospiza melodia caurina Ripaway. Yakutat Song Sparrow. [581n.] Melospiza fasciata caurina Ripaway, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 36. (Yak- utat, Alaska.) Ranae.— Coast of Alaska, from Yakutat Bay to Lituya Bay. p. Melospiza melodia kenaiénsis Rinaway. Kenai Song Sparrow. [58lo.] Melospiza melodia kenaiensis Ripaway, Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, 29. (Port Graham, Cook Inlet, Alaska.) RaNnGeE.— Coast of Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, from east side of Cook Inlet to Prince William Sound. q. Melospiza melodia cleonénsis McGrecor. Mendocino Song Sparrow. [581 p.] Melospiza melodia cleonensis McGrecor, Bull. Cooper Orn. Club, I, Sept., 1899, 87. (Westport, Mendocino Co., California.) Rance.— Coast strip of southern Oregon and northern California from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, to Tomales Bay, California. r. Melospiza melodia insignis Bairp. Bischoff’s Song Sparrow. [581q.] Melospiza insignis Batrp, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, ii, 1869, 319, pl. xxix, fig. 2. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Kadiak Island, Alaska, and adjacent coast of Alaska Peninsula. s. Melospiza melodia sanaéka McGrecor. Aleutian Song Sparrow. [58ir.]} Melospiza sanaka McGrecor, Condor, III, 1901, 8. (Separates publ. Nov. 25, 1900.) (Sanak Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Shumagin Islands and adjacent part of Alaska Peninsula, and Aleutian Islands to Unalaska, Atka, Adak, and Attu. t. Melospiza melodia maxillaris GrinneLy. Suisun Song Sparrow. [581s.] Melospiza melodia mazillaris GRINNELL, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., V, No. 3, April 9, 1909, 265. (Tulé marsh, west of Suisun, Solano Co., Cali- fornia.) Rance.— Marshes bordering Suisun Bay, California. 276 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Melospiza lincolni (AUDUBON). RanGE.— North America. a. Mlelospiza lincolni lincolni (AupuBon). Lincoln’s Sparrow. [583.] Fringiila lincolnii Aupuson, Birds Amer. (folio), II, 1834, pl. 193. (Near mouth of Natashquan River, Quebec.) Rance.— North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from the Kowak and Yukon valleys, Alaska, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and northern Ungava south to northern Minnesota, central Ontario, northern New York, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia and south in the Cascade, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountains to southern California and northern New Mexico; win- ters from San Jacinto Mountains, California, southern Oklahoma, and northern Mississippi to Guadalupe Island, southern Mexico, and central Guatemala; casual only east of the Allegheny Mountains, south of Washington, D. C.; accidental in Panama. b. Melospiza lincolni striata Brewster. Forbush’s Sparrow. [583a.] Melospiza lincolni striata Brewster, Auk, VI, April, 1889, 89. (Sepa- rates publ. Jan. 31.) (Comox, B. C.) Rance.— Northwest coast region. Breeds from Prince William Sound to the Sitkan district, Alaska; winters south to southern Lower California. Melospiza georgiana (LATHAM). Swamp Sparrow. [584.] Fringilla georgiana Latuam, Index Orn., I, 1790, 460. (‘‘Georgie american interioribus.’’) Rance.— North America east of the Great Plains. Breeds in Cana- dian, Transition, and part of Upper Austral zones from west central Alberta, central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Nebraska, northern Missouri, northern Illinois, West Virginia (mountains), and New Jersey; win- ters from Nebraska, Ohio Valley, and Massachusetts (rarely) south to the Gulf coast from central Florida to southern Texas, southern Tamaulipas, and Jalisco, Mexico; accidental in Utah and Colorado; casual in Bermuda. “J ORDER PASSERES. Zh GENUS PASSERELLA SwaInson. Passerella Swarnson, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, 288. Type, by monotypy, Fringilla iiaca MERREM. Passerélla iliaca (MERREM). RanGeE.— Northern and western North America, south in winter to the southern border of the United States. a. Passerelia iliaca iliaca (Merrem). Fox Sparrow. [585.] Fringilla iliaca MerreM, Beytr. besond. Gesch. Vogel, II, 1786, pl. x. (North America.) RaneGe.— North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from tree limit in north- eastern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ontario (Moose Factory), and northern Ungava south to central Alberta, northern Manitoba, southern Keewatin, Magdalen Islands, and Newfoundland; win- ters from lower Ohio and Potomac valleys (occasionally further north) to central Texas and northern Florida; casual on the coast of southern Alaska and in California. b. Passerella iliaca unalaschcénsis (GMELIN). Shumagin Fox Sparrow. [585a.] Emberiza unalaschcensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 875. (‘‘ Aoon- alashka,’”’ Alaska.) RancE.— Unalaska Island, Alaska Peninsula, and Shumagin Islands; win- ters south to northern California. c. Passerella iliaca megarhfncha Bairp. Thick-billed Fox Sparrow. [585b.] Passerella megarhynchus Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 925. (Fort Tejon, California.) Rance.— Mountains of California. Breeds in Transition Zone on both slopes of the Sierra Nevada from Mt. Shasta to Mt. Whitney; winters in southwestern California; casual in Marin County. d. Passerella iliaca schistacea Bairp. Slate-colored Fox Sparrow. [585c.] Passerella schistacea Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pae., IX, 1858, 499. (South Fork of Platte River, about 25 miles east of northeastern corner of Colorado, Nebraska.) Rance.— Rocky Mountain region of United States. Breeds in Transition Zone from interior of British Columbia and northwestern Montana south to 278 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. the mountains of Lassen and Modoc counties, northeastern California, to the White Mountains of eastern California, and to central Colorado; winters south to southwestern California, Arizona, and New Mexico, and east to Kansas. e. Passerella iliaca stéphensi ANTHONy. Stephens’s Fox Sparrow. [5S85d.] Passerella iliaca stephensi ANTHONY, Auk, XII, Oct., 1895, 348. (San Jacinto Mountains, San Diego Co., California.) RanceE.— Southern California. Breeds in the Tejon, San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto mountains. f. Passerella iliaca fuligindsa Ripagway. Sooty Fox Sparrow. [585e.] Passerella iliaca fuliginosa Ripaway, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 36. (Neah Bay, Washington.) Rance.— Northwest coast strip. Breeds on the coast of British Columbia, Vancouver Island, and northwestern Washington; winters south along the coast to San Francisco, California. g. Passerella iliaca insularis Ripcway. Kadiak Fox Sparrow. [585/.] Passerella iliaca insularis Ripaway, Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, 30. (Kadiak, - Alaska.) Ranee.— Alaska coast strip. Breeds on Kadiak Island and on the coast from Prince William Sound south to Cross Sound; winters along the coast to southern California. h. Passerella iliaca townsendi (AupuBoN). Townsend’s Fox Sparrow. [585y.] Plectrophanes townsendi Aupuson, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 424, fig. 7. (‘‘Shores of the Columbia River.’’) Rance.— Coast of southeastern Alaska. Breeds on the coast and islands from Cross Sound to Dixon Entrance; winters south to Humboldt County, California. GENUS ARREMCONOPS Rinvaway. Arremonops Ripeway, Manual N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1896, 434, 605. Type, by orig. desig., Hmbernagra rufivirgata LAWRENCE. Arreménops rufivirgatus (LAWRENCE). Texas Sparrow. [586.] Embernagra rufivirgata LAwreNcE, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., V, May, 1851, 112, pl. v, fig. 2. (Brownsville, Texas.) RanGE.— Fort Clark, Corpus Christi, and San Patricio, Texas, south to Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi. ORDER PASSERES. 279 GENUS PIPILO VIEILLOT. Pipilo Virritot, Analyse, 1816, 32. Type, by monotypy, ‘‘ Pinson aux yeux rouges, Buff.”” = Fringilla erythrophthalma Linn xvs. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (LINNvs). RanGe.— Eastern North America from southern Canada to the Gulf coast. a. Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Linn#us). Towhee. [587.] Fringilla erythrophthalma Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 189. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones east of the Great Plains from southeastern Saskatchewan, south- ern Manitoba, southern Ontario, and southern Maine south to central Kansas and northern Georgia; winters from southeastern Nebraska, the Ohio and Potomac valleys (casually New England) to central Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida. b. Pipilo erythrophthalmus dlleni Cours. White-eyed Towhee. [587a.] Pipilo alleni Cours, Amer. Nat., V, Aug., 1871, 366 (note). (Dummitt, 20 miles south of New Smyrna, Florida.) RanGE.— Coast region from about Charleston, South Carolina, south- ward, including Florida. Pipilo maculatus SwWAINSON. RancEe.— Western North America from British Columbia and southern Saskatchewan to the highlands of Guatemala. a. [Pipilo maculatus maculatus. Extralimital.] b. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Swarnson). Arctic Towhee. [588.] Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., II, 1831 (1832), 260, pll. 51, 52. (Carlton House, Saskatchewan.) RanGeE.— Great Plains and Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from southern Alberta and Forks of Saskatchewan south to west central Montana and northwestern Nebraska; occurs in migra- tion in western Wyoming and northeastern Utah; winters from eastern Colo- rado and southern Nebraska to southern Texas; casual in Illinois and Wis- consin. 280 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Pipilo maculatus montanus SwarrH. Spurred Towhee. [588a.] Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarts, Condor, VII, 1905, 172. (Miller Cafion, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.) RanGE.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from British Columbia south to Sonora and Tamaulipas, Mexico, and from eastern California east to Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas. d. Pipilo maculatus oregOnus Beri. Oregon Towhee. [588b.] Pipilo oregonus Brut, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., V, 1849, 6. (Columbia River Valley, at or near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) Ranae.— Pacific coast region. Breeds in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia to San Francisco, California; winters south to southern California. e. Pipilo maculatus cleméntze GrinNELL. San Clemente Towhee. [588c.] Pipilo clemente GRINNELL, Auk, XIV, July, 1897, 294. (San Clemente Island, California.) RanGeE.— San Clemente, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands, California. f. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx Bairp. San Diego Towhee. [388d.] Pipilo megalonyx Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Sury. R. R. Pac., EX, 1858, 515. (Fort Tejon, California.) RancGeE.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of California, except coast strip north of San Francisco Bay, south into northern Lower California. g. Pipilo maculatus magnir6éstris Brewster. Large-billed Towhee. [588e.] Pipilo maculatus magnirostris Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 146. (Separates publ. Feb. 17.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) Rance.— Mountain districts of southern Lower California. Pipilo consobrinus RipGway. Guadalupe Towhee. [589.] Pipilo maculatus consobrinus RipGway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., II, No. 2, April, 1876, 189. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RanGE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Now probably extinct. Pipilo fascus SWAINSON. RancE.— Western United States and Mexico. a. [Pipilo fuscus fuscus. Extralimital.] ORDER PASSERES. 281 b. Pipilo fuscus mesoleicus Barrp. Cafion Towhee. [591.] Pipilo mesoleucus Barrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 119. (Bill Williams Fork [= Big Sandy, just south of Lat. 35° N.], Arizona.) RancGe.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from west central Arizona and southeastern Colorado south to northeastern Sonora and western Texas. c. Pipilo fuscus albigula Bairp. San Lucas Towhee. [591a.] Pipilo albigula Barrp, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 305. (Cape San Lueas, Lower California.) RancGe.— Cape Region of Lower California, north to latitude 29°. Pipilo crissdlis (ViGors). RancGE.— Pacific coast from southwestern Oregon to northern Lower California. a. Pipilo crissalis crissalis (Vicors). California Towhee. [591.1.] Fringilla crissalis Viaors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 19. (California, probably San Francisco or Monterey.) Rance.— Upper Sonoran valleys and foothills of southwestern Oregon, and of California from Shasta County south to Santa Barbara, Kern, and northern San Bernardino counties. b. Pipilo crissalis senicula AnrHony. Anthony’s Towhee. [591.1a.] Pipilo fuscus senicula ANTHONY, Auk, XII, April, 1895, 111. (San Fernando, Lower California.) Ranee.— Southern California south of the San Bernardino Mountains and on the Pacific side of Lower California south at least to latitude 29°. Pipilo aberti Barrp. Abert’s Towhee. [592.] Pipilo abertti Barry, in Stansbury’s Rep. Exped. Utah, 1852, 325. (New Mexico.) RaNnce.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, (Colorado River Valley and Desert), southern Nevada, and south- western Utah to northwestern Sonora, southern Arizona, and south- western New Mexico, and south, at least in winter, to northern Lower California. 282 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS OREOSPIZA Ripeway. Oreospiza Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1896, 439, 605. Type, by orig. desig., Fringilla chlorura AUDUBON. Oreospiza chlorara (AUDUBON). Green-tailed Towhee. [592.1.] Fringilla chlorura AupuBON, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 336. (Near Ross Creek, about 20 miles southwest of Blackfoot, Idaho.) RaneEe.— Western United States and northern Mexico. Breeds in Transition Zone from central Oregon and south central Montana to southern California, southeastern New Mexico, and western Texas; winters from southern California and western Texas to Cape San Lucas and Guanajuato, Mexico; accidental in Virginia. GENUS CARDINALIS Bonaparte. Cardinalis BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, April, 1838, 35. Type, by tautonymy, Cardinalis virginianus BONAPARTE = Lozia cardinalis LINN2XUS. Cardindlis cardinalis (LINNXUs). RancE.— United States east of the Great Plains, west to Arizona and Lower California, and south to southern Mexico. a. Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis (Linnzus). Cardinal. [593.] Lozia cardinalis Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 172. (Eastern United States.) Ranae.— Carolinian and Austroriparian zones east of the Great Plains from southeastern South Dakota, southern Iowa, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, southern Ontario (locally), southeastern and southwestern Pennsyl- vania, and southern Hudson Valley south to the Gulf States (eastern Texas to northern Florida); casual in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New Bruns- wick, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; resident in Bermuda. b. Cardinalis cardinalis supérbus Ripaway. Arizona Cardinal. [593a.] Cardinalis cardinalis swperbus Ripaway, Auk, IJ, Oct., 1885, 344. (Fuller’s Ranch, a few miles east of Camp Lowell, Arizona.) Rance.— Southern Arizona and contiguous parts of Sonora. ORDER PASSERES. 283 c. Cardinalis cardinalis igneus Barrp. San Lucas Cardinal. [593b.] Cardinalis igneus Batrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 305. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGce.— Cape Region of Lower California. d. Cardinalis cardinalis canicaidus CHAPMAN. Gray-tailed Cardinal. [593c.] Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus CHAPMAN, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., III, Aug., 1891, 324. (30 miles west of Corpus Christi, Texas.) Ranae.— Central and southwestern Texas south to Puebla and Michoacan, central Mexico. e. Cardinalis cardinalis floridénus Rinaway. Florida Cardinal. [593d.] Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus RipGway, Manual N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1896, 606. (Enterprise, Florida.) RanGe.— Florida. GENUS PYRRHULOXIA Bonaparte. Pyrrhuloxia BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, 500. Type, by mono- typy, Cardinalis sinuatus BONAPARTE. Pyrrhuloxia sinuéta (BONAPARTE). RANGE.— Southern border of the United States south to central Mexico and Lower California. a. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata (Bonaparte). Arizona Pyrrhuloxia. ([594.] Cardinalis sinuatus BoNapartg, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (June, 1838), 111. (‘Western parts of Mexico.’’) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and extreme western Texas south through western Mexico to Zaca- tecas and Sinaloa. b. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata texina Ripacway. Texas Pyrrhuloxia. [594a.] Pyrrhuloxia sinuata tecana Ripaway, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, 95. (Cor- pus Christi, Texas.) RancGE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from Nueces, Bee, Bexar, Kendall, and Tom Green counties, Texas, south through eastern Mexico to Puebla. 284 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsule Rioaway. San Lucas Pyrrhuloxia. [5946.] Pyrrhuloxia sinuaia peninsule Ripaway, Auk, IV, Oet., 1887, 347. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) RANGE.— Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS ZAMELODIA Cougs. Zamelodia Cours, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, V, April, 1880, 98. Type, by subs. desig., Loxia ludoviciana Linnzzxus (Coues, 1897). Zamelédia ludoviciéna (LINN#US). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. [595.] Lozia ludoviciana Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 306. (Louisiana.) Rance.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transition zones from south central Mackenzie, northern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to central Kansas, central Missouri, central Ohio, central New Jersey, and in mountains to northern Georgia; winters from southern Mexico and Yucatan to Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador; casual in migration in Cuba, Jamaica, and the Bahamas; accidental in Arizona, Colorado, and California. Zamelodia melanocéphala (SwAINSON). Black-headed Grosbeak. [596.] Guiraca melanocephala Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, 1827, 438. (Temascaltepec, Mexico.) Ranart.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia, southwestern Saskatchewan, and central North Dakota to the southern parts of the Mexican plateau (Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Michoacan), and from central Nebraska to the Pacific; winters in the southern part of its range from southern Lower California, Mazatlan, Valley of Mexico, and Orizaba to Chiapas. GENUS GUIRACA SWAINSON. Guiraca Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 438. Type, by subs. desig., Loria cerulea LINNmUs (Gray, 1840). ORDER PASSERES. 285 Guiraca cerilea (LiNN«&Uus). RanGcE.— Eastern and southern United States south over the Mexican highlands to Chiapas, and in winter south to Costa Rica. a. Guiraca cerulea cerulea (LINNmUS). Blue Grosbeak. [597.] Lozia cerulea Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 175. (Carolina.) RanGeE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Carolinian and Austrori- parian zones from Missouri, southern Illinois, and Maryland south to eastern Texas and northern Florida; winters in Yucatan and Honduras; casual in southern Indiana and southern Pennsylvania; accidental in Wisconsin, New England, the Maritime Provinces, and Cuba. b. Quiraca czerulea lazula (Lesson). Western Blue Grosbeak. [597a.] Pitylus lazulus Lusson, Revue Zool., V, 1842, 174. (San Carlos, Salva- dor.) RancGe.— Western North America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from northern California, southern Nevada, central Colorado, and northeastern Nebraska south to Oaxaca, Mexico, and east to central Texas; winters from southern Sonora to Costa Rica. GENus PASSERINA VIEILLOT. Passerina Vie1tuior, Analyse, 1816, 30. Type, by subs. desig., Tanagra cyanea LinNUS (Gray, 1840). Passerina cydnea (LINN&us). Indigo Bunting. [598.] Tanagra cyanea LINNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 315. (Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds chiefly in Transition and Austral zones east of the Great Plains from east central North Dakota, central Minnesota, northwestern Michigan, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and southern New Brunswick south to central Texas, southern Louisiana, central Alabama, and central Georgia; winters from Morelos, Yucatan, and Cuba through Central America to Panama; occasional in the Bahamas in migration; casual in eastern Colorado, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba. Passerina amena (Say). Lazuli Bunting. [599.] Emberiza amena Say, in Long’s Exped.. II, 1823, 47 (note). (Near Cation City, Colorado.) 286 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancEe.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southeastern Saskatchewan, and western North Dakota south to southern California and southwestern Texas; winters in Mexico south to Cape San Lucas and the Valley of Mexico; acciden- tal in southern Mackenzie (Fort Providence). Passerina versicolor (BONAPARTE). RanGeE.— Southern border of the United States and Mexico. a. Passerina versicolor versicolor (BoNAPARTE). Varied Bunting. [600.] Spiza versicolor BONAPARTE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (June, 1838), 120. (Near Temascaltepec, Mexico.) Ranee.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas from mouth of the Pecos southward to Guatemala; accidental in Michigan. b. Passerina versicolor pilchra Ringway. Beautiful Bunting. [600qa.] Passerina versicolor pulchra Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 448. (Miraflores, southern Lower California.) Ranee.— Southern Arizona, northwestern Mexico, and southern Lower California. Passerina ciris (LINN&®uS). Painted Bunting. [601.] Emberiza ciris LINNz&us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 179. (Vera Cruz, Mexico.) RaNGE.— Southeastern North America. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone from southern Kansas, central Arkansas, northern Mississippi, and southeastern North Carolina south to southeastern New Mexico, Texas, and the Gulf coast; casual in southern Arizona and southern Illinois; winters in the Bahamas, Cuba, and from central Mexico and Yucatan to Panama; occasional in winter in southern Louisiana and central Florida. GENUS SPOROPHILA CaBanlis. Sporophila Capanis, Archiv fiir Naturg., X, i, 1844, 291. Type, by subs. desig., Spermophila luctuosa LAFRESNAYE (Sharpe, 1888). ORDER PASSERES. 287 Spordphila morelléti (BONAPARTE) RaNncE.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande, Texas, south through eastern Mexico to Costa Rica. a. [Sporophila morelleti morelleti. Extralimital.] b. Sporophila morelleti sharpei Lawrence. Sharpe’s Seedeater. ([602.] Sporophila morelleti sharpet LAWRENCE, Auk, VI, Jan., 1889, 53. (Lom- ita, Texas.) Rance.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and Nuevo Leon and Tamauli- pas, Mexico. [Genus TIARIS Swanson. Tiaris Swanson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 488. Type, by monotypy, Tiaris pusillus SWAINSON, Tiaris bicolor (LINN&Us). Grassquit. [603.] Fringilla bicolor Linnzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 324. (Bahama Islands.) Rance.— Bahamas; accidental at Miami, Florida. Tiaris candra (GMELIN). Melodious Grassquit. [603.1.] Loxia canora GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 858. (‘In nova Hispania’”’ = Cuba.) RaNGE.— Cuba; accidental on Sombrero Key, Florida.] GENUS SPIZA BoNAPARTE. Spiza Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, i, 1824, 45. Type, by subs. desig., Emberiza americana GMELIN (Bonaparte, 1827). Spiza americéna (GMELIN). Dickcissel. [604.] Emberiza americana GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 872. (New York.) RanGE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds chiefly in Austral zones from northeastern Wyoming, north- 288 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. western North Dakota, northwestern Minnesota, southern Michigan, and southern Ontario south to southern Texas and southern Miss- issipp1; formerly bred on the Atlantic coast plain from Massachusetts (casually wandering to Maine) to South Carolina, but now extremely rare east of the Alleghenies; winters in Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad, migrating through Mexico and Central America; acci- dental in Lower California, Arizona, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, and Jamaica. GeNus CALAMOSPIZA BoNAPARTE. Calamospiza Bonapartn, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 30. Type, by monotypy, [ringilla bicolor J. K. Townsend = Calamospiza melano- corys STEJNEGER. Calamospiza melanécorys STEJNEGER. Lark Bunting. [605.] Calamospiza melanocorys STEJNEGER, Auk, II, Jan., 1885, 49. (Plains of the Platte River.) RancGe.— Plains of central North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from southern Alberta, southern Saskatch- ewan, and southwestern Manitoba south to northwestern New Mexico and northwestern Texas, and east to eastern Nebraska and west central Minnesota; winters southward from southern Texas and southern Arizona, on the Mexican tableland as far as Sonora, Guana- juato, Zacatecas, and in southern Lower California; occasional in migration west of the Rocky Mountains to California and east to western Iowa and southeastern Minnesota; accidental in Massachu- setts, New York, and South Carolina. Famity TANGARIDA. TaNnacers. GENUS PIRANGA VIEILLOT. Piranga VieiuLot, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807, iv. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa rubra Linn=us, 1766 = Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, 1758. Piranga ludoviciéna (Witson). Western Tanager. [607.] Tanagra ludoviciana Witson, Amer. Orn., III, 1811, 27, pl. 20, fig. 1. (Near mouth of Lolo Creek Fork of Clearwater River, western Idaho.) ORDER PASSERES. 289 RanGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from northeastern British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, and southwestern South Dakota to high mountains of southern California and western Texas; winters southward from cen- tral Mexico through the highlands to Guatemala; straggles east dur- ing migration to Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Louisiana; casual in Wisconsin. Piranga erythrémelas VrertLot. Scarlet Tanager. ([608.] Pyranga erythromelas Vie1tuotT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXVIII, 1819, 293. (Eastern North America.) RanGeE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds mainly in Transition and Upper Austral zones from south- eastern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to southern Kansas, northern Arkansas, Tennessee, northern Georgia, and mountains of Virginia and South Carolina; winters from Colombia to Bolivia and Peru; migrates through Cuba, Jamaica, and Yucatan, and along the east coast of Central America; casual in migration in Wyoming, Colo- rado, the Bahamas, and Lesser Antilles. Piranga hepatica Swainson. Hepatic Tanager. [609.] Pyranga hepatica Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 438. (Real del Monte, a few miles east of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.) Rance.— Northwestern Arizona, northeastern New Mexico, and western Texas south to Guatemala. Piranga rabra (LINNUs). RANGE.— Southern United States and northern Mexico, south in winter to northern South America. a. Piranga rubra rubra (LinNmus). Summer Tanager. [610.] Fringilla rubra Linnmvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 181. (Virginia or Carolina.) RanceE.— Southeastern United States and northern South America. Breeds in Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, southeastern Wisconsin, central Indiana, southern Ohio, Maryland 290 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. (formerly New Jersey), and Delaware south to northeastern Mexico and central Florida; winters from central Mexico and Yucatan to Ecuador, Peru, and Guiana; straggles north to New Brunswick, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Maine, and Ontario; migrant in western Cuba; accidental in the Bahamas. 6. Piranga rubra coéperi Ringway. Cooper’s Tanager. ([610a.] Pyranga coopert Ripaway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 130. (Los Pinos, New Mexico.) Rance.— Southwestern North America. Breeds from southeastern Cali- fornia, southern Nevada. central Arizona, and northeastern New Mexico to central Nuevo Leon and northern Durango; winters in Mexico south to Colima and Morelos; casual north to Colorado. Famity HIRUNDINIDZ. Swa.tows. GENus PROGNE Bole. Progne Bot, Isis, XIX, 1826, 971. Type, by monotypy, Hirundo pur- purea LINNz=US = H. subis LINN&XUS. Progne sibis (LINNUvs). Rance.— North and South America. a. Progne subis subis (LiInN&zus). Purple Martin. [611.] Hirundo subis LinNzxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 192. (‘‘Hudson’s Bay.’’) RancE.— North and South America, except the Pacific coast region. Breeds from west central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, central Manitoba, northwestern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, west to Montana and Idaho, and south to the Gulf coast, Florida, Vera Cruz, ‘and Jalisco; occurs in migration in Venezuela and Guiana and winters in Brazil; acci- dental in Bermuda and the British Isles. b. Progne subis hespéria Brewstrr. Western Martin. [611a.] Progne subis hesperia BREwstER, Auk, VI, April, 1889, 92. (Separates publ. Jan. 31.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RancGeE.— Pacific Coast region. Breeds from British Columbia to Cape San Lucas; winter home unknown; occurs in migration in Nicaragua. ORDER PASSERES. 291 Progne cryptoleica Barrp. Cuban Martin. [611.1.] Progne cryptoleuca Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1865, 277. (Remedios, Cuba.) RanGE.— Cuba; occasional or accidental in southern Florida. Progne chalybea (GMELIN). Gray-breasted Martin. [611.2.] Hirundo chalybea Gmetin, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 1026. (Cayenne.) RanGe.— Breeds from the Lower Rio Grande in Texas south through Mexico and Central America to Peru, Bolivia, and southern Brazil. GENUS PETROCHELIDON Capranis. Petrochelidon CaBanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 47. Type, by subs. desig., Hirundo melanogaster Swainson (Gray, 1855). Petrochelidon linifrons (Say). RancEe.— North America, migrating to South America in winter. a. Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons (Say). Cliff Swallow. [612.] Hirundo lunifrons Say, in Long’s Exped., II, 1823, 47 (note). (Near Cafion City, Colorado.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from lower edge of the Arctic to Lower Austral zone from central] Alaska, upper Yukon Valley, north central Macken- zie, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, central Quebec, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south over nearly all of the United States except Florida and the Rio Grande Valley (casual as a breeder south of lat. 38°, east of long. 97°); also along the coast district of western Mexico to Tepic; migrates through Central America and probably winters in Brazil and Argentina. b. Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina OsrrHoutser. Lesser Cliff Swallow. [612a.] Petrochelidon lunifrons tachina OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Feb. 21, 1903, 15. (Langtry, Texas.) RaNGE.— Texas and Mexico. Breeds in western Texas, the Rio Grande Valley, and through eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz; winter home unknown but undoubtedly in South America; migrates through Costa Rica and Panama. 292 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Petrochelidon lunifrons melanogdstra (Swarnson). Mexican Cliff Swal- low. [612b.] Hirundo melanogaster Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. 8., I, May, 1827, 365. (“Table land of Mexico. It has been since sent from Real del Monte.’’) Rance.— Breeds in southern Arizona, Sonora, and Chihuahua, and south over the Mexican tableland to Guatemala; winter home unknown but proba- bly in South America. [Petrochelidon falva (ViEILLoT). Cuban Cliff Swallow. ([612.1.] Hirundo fulva Vretuiot, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 62, pl. 32. (Santo Domingo.) RancE.— Cuba and Isle of Pines; accidental on Dry Tortugas, Florida.] GENUS HIRUNDO Linnzvs. Hirundo Linnzws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 191. Type, by subs. desig., Hirundo rustica Linn=us (Gray, 1840). Hirindo erythrogdstra Bopparrt. Barn Swallow. [613.] Hirundo erythrogaster BoppaErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 45. (Cayenne.) Rance.— North America. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie (Great Bear Lake), southern Manitoba, and southern Ungava south to southern California, southern Texas (west of longitude 97°), northern Arkansas, and North Carolina, and in Mexico south to Jalisco and Tepic; migrates through the Bahamas and the West Indies and winters from southern Mexico to Brazil, northern Argentina, and central Chile; accidental in the Galapagos, Bermuda, and Greenland. [Hirundo rastica Linna&us. European Swallow. [613.1.] Hirundo rustica Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 191. (Sweden.) RanceE.— Palearctic region. Breeds generally, except in the extreme eastern part; winters south to India, Malay Peninsula, the Philippines, and Africa; accidental in Greenland. | ORDER PASSERES. 293 GENUS IRIDOPROCNE Cougs. Iridoprocne Cours, Birds Colo. Valley, 1878, 412. Type, by orig. desig., Hirundo bicolor VirrLuor. Iridoprécne bicolor (ViEILLoT). Tree Swallow. [614.] Hirundo bicolor Vimmiuot, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 61, pl. 31. (Middle eastern United States.) Rance.— North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austrai zones from northwestern Alaska, southern and western Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, and northern Ungava to southern California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, and Virginia; winters from central California, southern Texas, southern parts of the Gulf States, and southeastern North Carolina (casually New Jersey) south over the greater part of Mexico to Guatemala and Cuba; occasional in Bermuda in migration; accidental in the British Isles. GrEeNus TACHYCINETA Capsanis. Tachycineta CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 48. Type, by subs. desig., Hirundo thalassina SWAINSON (Gray, 1855). Tachycinéta thalassina (SwaAINson). RanGe.— Western North America south to the Mexican highlands, and to Central America in winter. a. ([Tachycineta thalassina thalassina. Extralimital.] b. Tachycineta thalassina lépida Mmarns. Northern Violet-green Swallow. (615.] Tachycineta lepida Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XV, March 5, 1902, 31. (Laguna Mountains, 20 miles north of Campos, San Diego Co., California.) RanGe.— Western North America. Breeds from central Alaska, Yukon, and southern Alberta south to northern half of Lower California and northern Durango, east to western South Dakota and western Nebraska; winters in Mexico and south to Guatemala and Costa Rica; migrates through western Texas. 294 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. c. Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster. San Lucas Swallow. [615a.] Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera BREwsTER, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., XLI, 1902, 167. (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RanGE.— Southern half of Lower California. [GENUS CALLICHELIDON Barrp. Callichelidon Bartrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1865, 303. Type, by orig. desig., Hirundo cyaneoviridis H. Bryant. Callichelidon cyaneoviridis (H. Bryant). Bahama Swallow. [615.1.] Hirundo cyaneoviridis Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., VII, 1859, 111. (Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas.) Rancre.— Bahamas; accidental on the Dry Tortugas and at Tarpon Springs, Florida.] [Genus CHELIDONARIA ReEIcHENow. Chelidonaria RetcHeNow, Journ. fiir Orn., April, 1889, 187. Type, by orig. desig., Hirwndo urbica LinN&vs. Chelidondria irbica (LINN&XUs). European Martin. [615.2.] Hirundo urbica Linnavs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 192. (Sweden.) Rance.— Europe and Asia east to Turkestan; winters in Africa and northwestern India; accidental in Greenland. ] GENUS RIPARIA T. Forster. Riparia Forster, Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, 17. Type, by monotypy, Riparia europea Forster = Hirundo riparia LINN&vs. Riparia riparia (LINN&us). Bank Swallow. [616.] Hirundo riparia Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 192. (Sweden.) RancEe.— Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds in Boreal, Transition, and Austral zones from near limit of trees in ORDER PASSERES. 295 northern Alaska and northern Ungava south to southern California, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and Virginia; migrates through Mexico and Central America (casually West Indies), and probably winters in South America to Brazil and Peru. GENUS STELGIDOPTERYX Barrp. Stelyidopteryx Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 312. Type, by monotypy, Hirundo serripennis AUDUBON. Stelgidépteryx serripénnis (AUDUBON). Rough-winged Swallow. [617.] Hirundo serripennis AupuBON, Orn. Biog., IV, 1838, 593. (Charleston, S: C:) RanGE.— North America. Breeds in Transition, Austral, and Tropical zones from southern British Columbia, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, Ontario, southern New York, central western Massachusetts, and Connecticut south to southern United States from southern California to northern Florida, and to Vera Cruz and Jalisco; winters from central Mexico southward to Costa Rica; casual in Manitoba. FamMiIty BOMBYCILLIDA. Waxwinacs. GENUS BOMBYCILLA VIEILLOT. Bombycilla Vie1LuoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 88. Type, by monotypy, Bombycilla cedrorum VIEILLOT. Bombycilla garrula (LINN%us). Bohemian Waxwing. [618.] Lanius garrulus Linn-sus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 95. (Sweden.) RancE.— Boreal zones of Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds from northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia and southern Alberta; winters east to Nova Scotia and south irregularly to eastern California, Colorado, Kansas, southern Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Penn- sylvania, and Connecticut; casual in Arizona. 296 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Bombycilla cedrérum ViertLtoT. Cedar Waxwing. [619.] Bombycilla cedrorum Vietuiot, Ois Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 88, pl. 57. (Eastern North America?) RanceE.— North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from central British Columbia, central Alberta, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, northwestern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to southern Oregon, northern New Mexico, Kansas, northern Arkansas, and North Carolina; winters throughout nearly all of the United States and southward to Cuba, Mexico, and Panama; accidental in the Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, and British Isles. Famity PTILOGONATIDA. Sirky FLYCATCHERS. GENUS PHAINOPEPLA Barrp. Phainopepla Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 923. Type, by orig. desig., Ptilogonys nitens SwAINSON. Phainopépla nitens (SWAINSON). Phainopepla. [620.] Ptilogonys nitens Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 285. (Mexico.) RancGE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from central California, southern Utah, and southwestern Texas south to Cape San Lucas, Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Valley of Mexico; winters from southern California southward; casual in central Nevada and northern California. Famity LANIIDZA. SHRIKES. GeENus LANIUS Linn us. Lanius Linnzvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 93. Type, by subs. desig., Lanius excubitor LiINNaUS (Swainson, 1824). Lanius borealis VierLLoT. Northern Shrike. [621.] Lanius borealis ViriwLoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 80, pl. 50. (Northeastern United States?) ORDER PASSERES. 297 Rance.— Northern North America. Breeds in the Hudsonian Zone and locally in the Canadian from northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, and northern Ungava to the base of the Alaska Peninsula, central Saskatchewan, southern Ontario, and southern Quebec; win- ters southward to central California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Kentucky, and Virginia. Lanius ludovicianus LINN.ZUS. Rance.— North America from southern British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and New Brunswick south to the Gulf coast and southern Mexico. a. Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus Linnmus. Loggerhead Shrike. [622.] Lanius ludovicianus Linn mus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 134. (Louisi- ana.) Rance.— Austroriparian Zone of the Atlantic and Gulf States from south- ern North Carolina to southern Florida and west to Louisiana. b. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides Swainson. White-rumped Shrike. [622a.] Lanius excubitorides Swatnson, Fauna Bor.-Am., IT, 1831 (1832), 115, pl. 34. (Carlton House, Saskatchewan.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to southeastern California, Arizona, Texas, and northern Mexico to Tepic and Durango, and from the western border of the Great Basin eastward across the Plains; winters in southwestern United States and south to Isthmus of Tehuantepec. c. Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Rinaway. California Shrike. [622b.] Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ripaway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 467- (Calaveras Co., California.) Rance.— Pacifie coast. Breeds in the interior valleys of southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and northern Lower California, west to the coast from Marin County southward; winters south to Cape San Lucas and in western Mexico to Morelos. d. Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi Mearns. Island Shrike. [622c.] Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi Mearns, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 261. (Santa Cruz Island, California.) Rance.— Santa Barbara Islands and San Clemente Island, California, and Santa Margarita Island, Lower California. 298 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. e. Lanius ludovicianus migrans W. Parmer. Migrant Shrike. [622e.] Lanius ludovicianus migrans PaumEr, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 248. (Kings- ton, Ontario, Canada.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds chiefly in Transition and Upper Austral zones from northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, Maine, and New Brunswick south to eastern Kansas, southern Illinois, Kentucky, western North Carolina, and interior of Virginia (locally in the east); winters from the Middle States and southern New England to Texas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Famity VIREONIDZA. ViIrR«Eos. GENUS VIREOSYLVA BonaAPARTE. Vireosylva BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 26. Type, by subs. desig., Muscicapa olivacea LINNuus (Gray, 1840). Vireosylva calidris (LINN&vs). Range.— Southern Florida and the West Indies. a. [Vireosylva calidris calidris. Extralimital.] b. Vireosylva calidris barbatula (CaBANis). Black-whiskered Vireo. [623.] Phyllomanes barbatulus Capanis, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, 467. (Cuba.) Rance.— Southern Florida (as far north as Anclote Keys), Key West, Dry Tortugas, Cuba, Little Cayman, and the Bahamas. Vireosylva olivicea (LINN&uS). Red-eyed Vireo. [624.] Muscicapa olivacea LINNuus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327. (Carolina.) RanGE.— North and South America. Breeds in Canadian, Transi- tion, and Austral zones from central British Columbia, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south to southeastern Washington, southern Montana, eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, western Texas, north- ern Coahuila, and central Florida; migrates through eastern Mexico, Yucatan, and Central America (casually Cuba and the Bahamas); winters in Colombia and south to Ecuador and southern Brazil; accidental in Nevada, Greenland, and England. ORDER PASSERES. 299 [Vireosylva flavoviridis Cassin. Yellow-green Vireo. [625.] Vireosylvia flavoviridis Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1851, 152. (Panama.) Rance.— Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and Sinaloa, south to South America; accidental at Brownsville, Texas, Riverside, California and Godbout, Quebec. ] Vireosylva philadélphica Cassin. Philadelphia Vireo. [626.] Vireosylvia philadelphica Cassin, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1851, 153, pl. 10, fig. 2. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from northern and central Alberta, northern Manitoba, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Maine to northern Michigan and New Hampshire; winters from Cozumel Island and Guatemala to Veragua. Vireosylva gilva (VIEILLOT). Rance.— Temperate North America, south in winter to Guatemala. a. Vireosylva gilva gilva (Vie1tLoT). Warbling Vireo. [627.] Muscicapa gilva Viertitot, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 65, pl. 34. (Middle United States, particularly New York.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southeastern Alberta, northern Manitoba, central Ontario, and Nova Scotia south to northwestern Texas, southern Louisiana, North Carolina, and Virginia; winter home unknown, but south of the United States. b. Vireosylva gilva swainsoni (Bairp). Western Warbling Vireo. [627a.] Vireo swainsonit Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 336. (Petaluma, California.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from southern British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, and northeastern Alberta south to southern Lower California, northern Sonora, Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, and east to western South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska; winters south to Guatemala. 300 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Genus LANIVIREO Bairrp. Laniwireo Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1866, 326, 345. Type, by orig. desig., Vireo flavifrons ViEILLOT. Lanivireo fiavifrons (VirILLoT). Yellow-throated Vireo. [628.] Vireo flavifrons Vie1tuor, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 85, pl. 54. (Eastern United States.) RanGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southeastern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Maine south to central Texas, central Louisiana, and central Florida; winters from Yucatan and southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia; casual in winter in Cuba and the Bahamas. Lanivireo solitarius (WriLson). Ranee.— North America from Great Slave Lake south to Lower California and the highlands of Mexico; in winter south to Guatemala. a. Lamnivireo solitarius solitarius (WiLson). Blue-headed Vireo. [629.] Muscicapa solitaria Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 143, pl. 17, fig. 6. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RancGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from central Alberta, southern Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to northern North Dakota, central Minnesota, Michigan, mountains of southern Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island; winters in the Gulf States from Texas to Florida and from eastern Mexico to Guatemala; accidental in Cuba. b. Lanivireo solitarius cAssini (Xanrus). Cassin’s Vireo. [629a.] Vireo cassinit Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117. (Fort Tejon, California.) RanGe.— Pacific slope. Breeds in Transition Zone from central British Columbia, southwestern Alberta, and western Montana south through Cali- fornia and western Nevada to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California; winters in Mexico south to Jalisco, Michoacan, Guanajuato, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, migrating through Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. ce. Lanivireo solitarius plambeus (Cours). Plumbeous Vireo. [629b.] Vireo plumbeus Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 74. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) ORDER PASSERES. 301 RanGe.— Southern Rocky Mountain region. Breeds from northern Nevada, northern Utah, northeastern Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota south through Arizona and southwestern Texas to Chihuahua and mountains of Vera Cruz; winters south to Oaxaca and Colima; accidental in California. d. Lanivireo solitarius alticola (BrREwsTER). Mountain Vireo. [629c.] Vireo solitarius alticola BREwstTER, Auk, III, Jan., 1886,111. (Highlands, Macon Co., N. C.) Ranoce.— Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones in the Alleghenies from western Maryland to eastern Tennessee and northern Georgia; winters in lowlands from South Carolina to Florida. e. Lanivireo solitarius lucasinus (BrRewsTrR). San Lucas Vireo. [629d.] Vireo solitarius lucasanus Brewster, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 147. (San José del Rancho, near San José del Cabo, Lower California.) RanGE.— Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS VIREO VIEILLoT. Vireo VieiuLot, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807 (1808), 83. Type, by subs. desig., Vireo musicus Vin1LLoT = Muscicapa noveboracensis GMELIN = Tanagra grisea BoppaERtT (Gray, 1840). Vireo atricapillus WoopuHousr. Black-capped Vireo. [630.| Vireo atricapilla Woopuouss, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1852, 60. (San Pedro River, 208 miles from San Antonio, on road leading from that place to El Paso, Texas.) RanGE.— Breeds from southwestern Kansas to central and western Texas; probably winters in Mexico south to Sinaloa and Volcano of Toluca. Vireo griseus (BoDDAERT). Rance.— Eastern United States, eastern Mexico, and Bermuda; in winter to Yucatan and Guatemala. a. Vireo griseus griseus (BoppamRT). White-eyed Vireo. [631.] Tanagra grisea BoppakErt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 45. (Louisiana.) 302 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds chiefly in Austral zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, New York, and Massachusetts to central Texas and central Florida; winters from Texas, Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina through eastern Mexico to Yucatan and Guatemala; casual north to Vermont, Ontario, New Brunswick, and in Cuba. b. Vireo griseus maynardi Brewster. Key West Vireo. [631a.] Vireo noveboracensis maynardi Brewster, Auk, IV, April, 1887, 148. (Key West, Florida.) Rance.— Florida, from Tarpon Springs and Anastasia Island south on the coast and keys to Key West. c. Vireo griseus bermudi4nus Banes & BrapLer. Bermuda Vireo. [6310.] Vireo bermudianus Banas & Brapiex, Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, 252. (Hamilton, Bermuda.) RanGce.— Bermuda. d. Vireo griseus micrus Netson. Small White-eyed Vireo. [631c.] Vireo noveboracensis micrus Newtson, Auk, XVI, Jan., 1899, 30. (Vic- toria, Tamaulipas, Mexico.) RanGe.— Rio Grande Valley, Texas, to Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Vireo huttoni Cassin. Rance.— Western United States and Mexico. a. Vireo huttoni huttoni Cassin. Hutton’s Vireo. ([632.] Vireo huttoni Cassin, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1851, 150, pl. 10, fig. 1. (Monterey, California.) Rance.— California west of the Sierra Nevada from Siskiyou County south to San Diego. b. Vireo huttoni stéphensi Brewster. Stephens’s Vireo. [632a.] Vireo huttoni stephensi BrEwsTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VII, July, 1882, 142. (Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.) RancE.— Southern Arizona to western Texas and south to Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Michoacan, and Tepic; in winter south to southern Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. 303 c. Vireo huttoni obscirus ANrHony. Anthony’s Vireo. [632c.] Vireo huttoni obscurus ANTHONY, Zoe, I, Dec., 1890 (Jan., 1891), 308. (Beaverton, Oregon.) RanGE.— Pacific coast. Breeds from southern British Columbia and Van- couver Island to Oregon. d. Vireo huttoni cognétus Ripaway. Frazar’s Vireo. [632d.] Vireo huttonit cognatus Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Sept. 30, 1903, 107. (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) Rancr.— Cape Region of Lower California. Vireo bélli AUDUBON. RancE.— Western United States east to the Mississippi Valley, and greater part of Mexico. a. Vireo belli belli AupusBoNn. Bell’s Vireo. ([633.] Vireo bellii AupuBon, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 333, pl. 485. (Near St. Joseph, Missouri.) Rance.— Breeds in Austral zones from northeastern Colorado, southern South Dakota, northern Illinois, and northwestern Indiana to eastern Texas and Tamaulipas; winters in Mexico and Guatemala; accidental in New Hampshire. b. Vireo belli pusillus Cours. Least Vireo. [633a.] Vireo pusillus Cours, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 76. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGce.— Central California, southwestern Nevada, and western Texas south to northern Lower California, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Valley of Mexico. c. Vireo belli médius OnrERHoLsER. Texas Vireo. [633b.] Vireo bellii medius OBERHOLSER, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Feb. 21, 1903, 17. (Boquillas, Texas.) Ranee.— Southwestern Texas (Presidio, Brewster, and Kinney counties) south to Coahuila and Guanajuato, central Mexico. Vireo vicinior Cougs. Gray Vireo. [634.] Vireo vicintor Cours, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 75. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) RANGE.— Southern California, southern Nevada, the Grand Cafion of the Colorado, and southeastern Colorado south to Lower California, Sonora, and Durango. 304 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity CQ@AREBIDZ. Honey CREEPERS. GENUS CGEREBA VIEILLOT. Cereba Viriixot, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809?), 70. Type, by mono- typy, Certhia flaveola LINN mus. Ceréba bahaménsis (REICHENBACH). Bahama Honey Creeper. [635.] Certhiola bahamensis REICHENBACH, Handb. Spec. Orn., I, 1853, 253. (Bahamas.) RanGE.— Bahamas and Indian Key, Florida. FamMity MNIOTILTIDZ. Woop WARBLERS. GENUS MNIOTILTA. VIEILLoT. Mniotilta Vie1tuoT, Analyse, 1816, 45. Type, by monotypy, “Figuier varié, Buff.’”’= Motacilla varia LINNmUS. Mniotilta varia (LINN«&uS). Black and White Warbler. ([636.] Motacilla varia Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 333. (Santo Dom- ingo.) : RanGeE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Austral zones from central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Ontario, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick to eastern Texas, Louisiana, central Alabama, and northern Georgia, west to South Dakota and casually to Wyoming and Colorado; winters from Colima and Nuevo Leon to Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela, and in Florida, the Bahamas and West Indies to Guadeloupe, and casually in southern Texas; accidental in Washington, California, and Bermuda. ORDER PASSERES. 305 GENUS PROTONOTARIA Barrp. Protonotaria Batrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 239. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla citrea BopDAERT. Protonotdria citrea (BoppAERT). Prothonotary Warbler. [637.] Motacilla citrea Bopparrt, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 44. (Louisiana.) RanGceE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone and along river bottoms of Carolinian Zone from northeastern Nebraska, southeastern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, Ohio, central Delaware, and eastern Maryland south to eastern Texas and northern Florida; winters from Nicaragua to Colombia and casually in Venezuela and southern Mexico; apparently crosses the Gulf in migration; accidental in the West Indies and not found in Mexico north of Campeche; casual north to New York, New England, Ontario, and New Brunswick, and west to Arizona. GENUS HELINAIA AubuUBON. Helinaia AupuBon, Synopsis, 1839, 66. Type, by subs. desig., Sylvia swainsonit AUDUBON (Coues, 1878). Helinaia swainsoni (AUDUBON). Swainson’s Warbler. [638.] Sylvia swainsonu AupuBoNn, Birds Amer. (folio), IT, 1834, pl. 198. (Ed- isto River, near Charleston, 8. C.) RaNnGE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and southeastern Virginia (Warwick County) south to Louisiana and northern Florida; winters in Jamaica; migrates through Cuba and the Bahamas; casual in Nebraska, Texas, and Vera Cruz. GENUS HELMITHEROS RarinEsQueE. Helmitheros RaFINESQuE, Journ. de Physique, LX XXVIII, 1819, 418. Type, by orig. desig., Helmitheros migratorius RAFINESQUE = Motacilla vermivora GMELIN. 306 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Helmithéros vermivorus (GMELIN). Worm-eating Warbler. [639.] Motacilla vermivora GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 951. (Pennsylvania.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in the Caroli- nian Zone from southern Iowa, northern I}linois, eastern and western Pennsylvania, and the Hudson and Connecticut River valleys south to southern Missouri, Tennessee, Virginia, and mountains of South Carolina (casually further south); winters from Chiapas to Panama, in Cuba and the Bahamas, and casually in Florida; in migration casually to Massachusetts, Vermont, western New York, southern Ontario, and southern Wisconsin. GENUS VERMIVORA SwalInson. Vermivora Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, June, 1827, 434. Type, by monotypy, Sylvia solitaria WiLtson = Certhia pinus LiInN&uS. Vermivora bachmani (AUDUBON). Bachman’s Warbler. [640.] Sylvia bachmanit AupuBON, Birds Amer. (folio), IT, 1833, pl. 185. (Near Charleston, S. C.) RaNGE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone in southeastern Missouri, northeastern Arkansas, western Ken- tucky, and near Charleston, South Carolina, and probably in southern Indiana and North Carolina; winters in Cuba; in migration occurs in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida; casual in Virginia and the Bahamas. Vermivora pinus (LinN-=us). Blue-winged Warbler. ([641.] Certhia pinus Linn.xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 187. (Philadelphia, Pa.) RanGcE.— Eastern North America. Breeds from southeastern Minnesota, southern Michigan, western New York, Massachusetts (rarely), and southern Connecticut south to northeastern Kansas, central Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware (casually fur- ther south); winters from southern Mexico (Puebla) to Guatemala and casually to Colombia; very rare migrant in southeastern United States south of Virginia and east of Louisiana; occasional in southern Ontario; accidental in the Bahamas. ORDER PASSERES. 307 Vermivora chryséptera (LINN.£©Us). Golden-winged Warbler. [642.] Motacilla chrysoptera LinN«us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 333. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Alleghenian Zone from central Minnesota, southern Ontario, and Massachusetts south to southern Iowa, northern Illinois, northern Indiana, northern New Jersey, and northern Georgia; winters from Guatemala to Colombia, and casually in southern Mexico; very rare in Florida and southern Georgia; accidental in Manitoba and Cuba. Vermivora licie (J. G. Cooper). Lucy’s Warbler. [643.] Helminthophaga lucie Cooprr, Proce. Calif. Acad. Sci., I, 1861, 120. (Near Fort Mojave, Colorado Valley, Arizona.) RaNnGE.— Southwestern United States and Mexico. Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone in Santa Clara Valley, Utah, and Arizona; winters in western Mexico south to Jalisco. Vermivora virginie (Barrp). Virginia’s Warbler. [644.] Helminthophaga virginie Batrp, in Birds N. A., 1860, xi (note), pl. 79, fig. 1. (Fort Burgwyn, New Mexico.) RanGe.— Southern Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in Transition Zone from Nevada, Utah, and northern portions of Colorado south to southern Arizona (Santa Catalina Mountains) and northeastern New Mexico; winters in Mexico south to Morelos, Guerrero, Michoacan, and Jalisco. Vermivora rubricapilla (Wi.son). Rance.— North America south to Guatemala. a. Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla (WiLson). Nashville Warbler. ([645.] Sylvia rubricapilla Witson, Amer. Orn., VI, 1812, xv. (Near Nashville, Tennessee.) RanacEe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from southern Saskatchewan, northern Ontario, central Quebec, and Cape Breton Island south to Nebraska, northern Illinois, northern Pennsyl- vania, northern New Jersey, and Connecticut; winters from Vera Cruz and Chiapas to Guatemala and casually in southern Texas; very rare on the Atlantic slope south of Chesapeake Bay. 308 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Vermivora rubricapilla gutturdlis (Ringway). Calaveras Warbler. [645a.] Helminthophaga ruficapilla var. gutturalis Ripeway, in Hist. N. A. Birds, I, 1874, 191. (East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.) Ranae.— Pacific coast region. Breeds in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia south to central California, east to Sierra Nevada, eastern Oregon, and Idaho; winters in Mexico south to Puebla, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Jalisco, and Colima; in migration Lower California and east to Texas. Vermivora celata (Say). Rancre.— North America, breeding mostly north of the United States (further south in mountains and on the Pacific coast); winters in southern United States and southward to Guatemala. a. Vermivora celata celata (Say). Orange-crowned Warbler. [646.] Sylvia celatus Say, in Long’s Exped., I, 1823, 169 (note). (Engineer Cantonment, near Omaha, Nebraska.) : RanGE.— Central North America. Breeds in lower Hudsonian and Cana- dian zones from Kowak River, Alaska, southeast to central Keewatin and Manitoba, and south locally in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico; winters in the Gulf and South Atlantic States to South Carolina and south through Mexico to Mt. Orizaba; rare in migration along the Atlantic slope from New Hampshire southward. b. Vermivora celata lutéscens (Ripaway). Lutescent Warbler. [646a.] Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens Ripaway, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, Dec., 1872, 457. (Fort Kenai, Alaska.) RanGcE.— Western North America. Breeds in Hudsonian, Canadian, and upper Transition zones of the Pacific coast from Kadiak Island and the shores of Cook Inlet south to mountains of southern California and east to the Ruby Mountains, Nevada; winters from Chihuahua to Guatemala; in migration east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona. c. Vermivora celata soérdida (C. H. Townsend). Dusky Warbler. [646b.] Helminthophila celata sordida TowNseND, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XIII, 1890, 139. (San Clemente Island, California.) RanceE.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone on San Clemente, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa islands, California, and Todos Santos Islands, Lower California; regular visitant to the mainland at Pasadena, Los Angeles, and Santa Barbara; north casually to Hayward, and south to northern Lower California in winter. ORDER PASSERES. 309 Vermivera peregrina (WILSON). Tennessee Warbler. [647.] Sylvia peregrina Witson, Amer. Orn., IIT, 1811, 83, pl. 25, fig. 2. (Cum- berland River, Tennessee.) RanGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from upper Yukon Valley, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Anticosti Island south to southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, Manitoba, northern Minnesota, Ontario, New York (Adirondacks), northern Maine, and New Hampshire; winters from Oaxaca to Colombia and Venezuela; in migration occurs mainly in the Mississippi Valley, rare on the Atlantic slope; occasional in Florida and Cuba; accidental in California. GENus COMPSOTHLYPIS CaBanis. Compsothlypis CaBANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 20. Type, by subs. desig., Parus americanus LinN&{us (Gray, 1855). Compséthlypis americana (LINN-£us). RanGcE.— Mainly eastern United States; in winter, West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America. a. Compsothlypis americana americana (LINN&=US). Parula Warbler. [648.] Parus americanus Linnxws, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 190. (Carolina.) RanGeE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austral zones from the District of Columbia south to Alabama and Florida; winters probably in Florida and northern West Indies. b. Compsothlypis americana isnee Brewster. Northern Parula Warbler. {648a.] Compsothlypis americana usnee BRewsTER, Auk, XIII, Jan., 1896, 44. (Lake Umbagog, Maine.) Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds mainly in Transition and Austral zones from eastern Nebraska, northern Minnesota, central Ontario, Anticosti Island, and Cape Breton Island south to central southern Texas, southern Louisiana, Alabama, Virginia, and Maryland; winters probably in the Bahamas and West Indies to Barbados, and from Vera Cruz and Oaxaca to Nicaragua; casual in Wyoming and Colorado; accidental in Greenland. 310 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Compsothlypis pitiayimi (VIEILLOT). RancE.— Lower Rio Grande Valley south through Mexico, Central America, and the greater part of South America. a. [Compsothlypis pitiayumi pitiayumi. Extralimital.] b. Compsothlypis pitiayumi nigrilora (Cours). Sennett’s Warbler. [649.] Parula nigrilora Cours, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, 1878, 11. (Hidalgo, Texas.) Rance.— Valley of the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, and south to Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern San Luis Potosi, mainly in Lower Sonoran Zone. GENUS PEUCEDRAMUS HENsHaw. Peucedramus HensHAw, Ann. Rep. Geog. Expl. West of 100th Merid., 1875, 156. Type, by orig. desig., Sylvia olivacea GirAuD. Peucédramus olivaceus (GiRAUD). Olive Warbler. [651.] Sylvia olivacea Giraup, Sixteen Sp. Texas Birds, 1841, [29], pl. 7, fig. 2. (“Texas.’’) RanGE.— Breeds in the Transition Zone of the White and Huachuca mountains of Arizona, the mountains of southern New Mexico, and south on the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. GENUS DENDROICA Gray. Dendroica Gray, Append. List Gen. Birds, 1842, 8. Type, by orig. desig., Motacilla coronata LINN US. SusGenus PERISSCGLOSSA Barrp. Perissoglossa Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 162. Type, by orig. desig., Motacilla tigrina GMELIN. Dendroica tigrina (GMELIN). Cape May Warbler. [650.] Motacilla tigrina GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 985. (Canada.) ORDER PASSERES. sil RaNnGE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from southern Mackenzie, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to Manitoba, northern Maine, and New Hampshire, and in Jamaica; winters in the Bahamas and the West Indies to Tobago; accidental in Yucatan. Suscenus DENDROICA. Dendroica estiva (GMELIN). RanGcE.— North America; in winter south to Central and South America. a. Dendroica estiva estiva (GMELIN). Yellow Warbler. [652.] Motacilla estiva GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 996. (Canada.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds from Hudsonian through Upper Austral Zone in North America east of Alaska and Pacific slope from tree limit south to Nevada, northern New Mexico, southern Missouri, and northern South Carolina; winters from Yucatan to Guiana, Brazil, and Peru. b. Dendroica zestiva sonorana Brewster. Sonora Yellow Warbler. [652c.] Dendroica estiva sonorana Brewster, Auk, V, April, 1888, 137. (Sep- arates publ. Feb. 10.) (Oposura, Sonora, Mexico.) RANGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone of Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, southern Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters from Mexico south to Guatemala and Nicaragua. c. Dendroica zstiva rubiginodsa (Pavuas). Alaska Yellow Warbler. [652b.] Motacilla rubiginosa Patuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1826 (1811?), 496. (Kadiak, Alaska.) RanGeE.— Pacific slope of North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian Zone throughout most of Alaska and south to Vancouver Island; winters from Mex- ico to Nicaragua. d. Dendroica estiva bréwsteri GRINNELL. California Yellow Warbler. [652c.] Dendroica estiva brewsteri GRINNELL, Condor, V, 1903, 72. (Palo Alto, California.) RanGe.— Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones west of the Cas- c2des and the Sierra Nevada from Washington to southern California; winter home unknown. alZ CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Tendroica bryanti Ringway. Rance.— Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica. a. [Dendroica bryanti bryanti. Extralimital.] b. Dendroica bryanti castanéiceps Ringway. Mangrove Warbler. [653.] Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, 350. (La Paz, Lower California.) RancGe.— Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America from La Paz, Lower California, and Sinaloa to Costa Rica. Dendroica ceruléscens (GMELIN). RanGeE.— Eastern North America; winters in the West Indies. a. Dendroica czerulescens czerulescens (GMELIN). Black-throated Blue Warbler. [654.] Motacilla caerulescens GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 960. (Santo Domingo.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from northern Minnesota, central Ontario, and northeastern Quebec south to central Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, Pennsy]- vania (mountains), and northern Connecticut; winters from Key West, Flor- ida, to the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and Cozumel Island, and casually to Guatemala and Colombia; in migration casually to North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico; accidental on the Farallon Islands. b. Dendroica czrulescens cairnsi Cours. Cairns’s Warbler. [654a.] Dendroica cerulescens cairnsi Cours, Auk, XIV, Jan., 1897, 96. (Craggy Mountain, Buncombe Co., N. C.) RanGE.— Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones in the southern Alleghenies from Maryland to Georgia; winters in the West Indies. Dendroica coronéta (LINN&us). Myrtle Warbler. [655.] Motacilla coronata Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 333. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RancE.— North America except western United States. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from tree limit in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and central Ungava south to northern British Columbia, southern Alberta, northern Minne- ORDER PASSERES. 313 sota, northern Michigan, central Ontario, New Hampshire, and Maine, and mountains of New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts; winters from Kansas, Ohio Valley, and New Jersey (locally southern New England) south to the Greater Antilles, Mexico, and Panama, and on the Pacific coast from central Oregon to southern California; accidental in Greenland and eastern Siberia. Dendroica atiduboni (TOWNSEND). RaNncE.— Western North America; in winter south to Guatemala. a. Dendroica auduboni auduboni (J. Kk. Townsenp). Audubon’s Warbler. (656. ] Sylvia audubont TowNsEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 191. (Forests of the Columbia River, near Fort Vancouver, Washing- ton.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from central British Columbia, central Alberta, and southwestern Sas- katehewan south to mountains of southern California, northern Arizona, and southeastern New Mexico, and east to the Black Hills, South Dakota, and western Nebraska; winters from the valleys of California (casually southern British Columbia) and the Rio Grande to Guatemala; accidental in Pennsyl- vania and Massachusetts. b. Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons Brewster. Black-fronted Warbler. [656a.] Dendroica nigrifrons Brewster, Auk, VI, April, 1889. 94. (Separates publ. Jan. 31.) (Pinos Altos, Chihuahua, Mexico.) Ranee.— Arizona and northern Mexico. Breeds in the Chiricahua and Hua- chuca mountains, Arizona, and south through the mountains of Chihuahua and Durango, Mexico. Dendroica magnolia (WiLson). Magnolia Warbler. [657.] Sylvia magnolia Wiuson, Amer. Orn., IIT, 1811, 63, pl. 23, fig. 2. (Little Miami, near its junction with the Ohio; in magnolias near Fort Adams, on the Mississippi; near Philadelphia, Pa.) RanGeE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and upper Transition zones from southwestern Mackenzie (casually Great Bear Lake), southern Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, Minnesota, northern Michigan, and northern Massachusetts, and in the mountains of West 314 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New York; winters from southern Mexico (Puebla and Chiapas) to Panama, and also rarely in Haiti and Porto Rico; in migration west to base of the Rocky Moun- tains; casual in California, British Columbia, the Bahamas, and Cuba. Dendroica cerilea (WiLson). Cerulean Warbler. [658.] Sylvia cerulea Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 141, pl. 17, fig. 5. (Penn- sylvania.) RanGE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds mainly in Austral zones from southeastern Nebraska, south- eastern Minnesota, southern Michigan, southern Ontario, western New York, western Pennsylvania, and West Virginia south to north- eastern Texas, Louisiana, and central Alabama, and locally in western North Carolina, western Virginia, eastern Maryland, and central Delaware; winters from Panama to Peru; in migration straggles to New Mexico, Colorado, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, and eastern Pennsylvania; casual in Cuba and the Bahamas. Dendroica pensylvanica (LINN®Us). Chestnut-sided Warbler. [659.] Motacilla pensylvanica Linnaxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 333. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in the Tran- sition Zone from central Saskatchewan, northwestern Manitoba, central Ontario, and Newfoundland south to eastern Nebraska, Illinois, Indiana, northern Ohio, northern New Jersey, and Rhode Island, and south in the Alleghenies to Tennessee and South Caro- lina, and casually in southern Missouri and the Wabash Valley; winters from Guatemala to Panama; in migration casual in Florida, the Bahamas, and southern Mexico. Dendroica castanea (WILSON). Bay-breasted Warbler. [660.] Sylvia castanea Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 97, pl. 14, fig. 4. (Penn- sylvania.) RanGe.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from northeastern Alberta, southern Kee- watin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern Mani- toba, northern Maine, and mountains of New Hampshire; winters in ORDER PASSERES. 315 Panama and Colombia; casual in migration to Montana, South Dakota, and Texas; irregular on the Atlantic slope and rare south of Virginia; regular in migration from Guatemala to Panama. Dendroica striata (J. R. Forster). Black-poll Warbler. [661.] Muscicapa striata Forster, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 406, 428. (Fort Severn, west coast of Hudson Bay.) RanGeE.— North and South America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Bntish Columbia, Manitoba, Michigan, northern Maine, and mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire; winters from Guiana and Venezuela to Brazil; migrates through the Bahamas and West Indies; casual in New Mexico, Mexico, Chile, and Ecuador; accidental in Greenland. Dendroica fisca (MULLER). Blackburnian Warbler. [662.] Motacilla fusca MUuuerR, Natursyst. Suppl., 1776, 175. (‘‘Guyane.’’) Rance.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and upper Transition zones trom Mani- toba, southern Keewatin, central Ontario, Quebec, and Cape Breton Island to central Minnesota, Wisconsin, northern Michigan, Massa- chusetts, and Connecticut, and in the Alleghenies from Pennsylvania to Georgia and South Carolina; winters from Colombia to central Peru and less commonly north to Yucatan; in migration to Nebraska, Texas, and Kansas, straggling to Utah, New Mexico, and the Bahamas. Dendroica dominica (LINN&Us). RanGeE.— Eastern United States, south in winter to the West Indies and Central America. a. Dendroica dominica dominica (Linnus). Yellow-throated Warbler. [663.] Motacilla dominica Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 334. (Santo Domingo.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Austroriparian Zone from southern Maryland and central Delaware to middle Florida; winters in 316 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. southern Florida, Bahamas, and Greater Antilles, and also casually north to South Carolina and in the Lesser Antilles; in migration casually to New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. b. Dendroica dominica albiléra Rrpaway. Sycamore Warbler. [663a.] Dendroica dominica var. albilora Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VII, Oct., 1873, 606. (Belize, British Honduras.) Rance.— East central United States to Central America. Breeds in Upper and Lower Austral zones of Mississippi Valley from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia, and western North Carolina south to eastern Texas and Louisiana; winters from Puebla, Tepic, and Colima, Mexico, to Nicaragua and Costa Rica and casually in the Lower Rio Grande Valley; in migration occasional east to South Carolina. Dendroica gracie Bairp. Grace’s Warbler. [664.] Dendroica gracie, BairD, Review Amer. Birds, 1865, 210. (Fort Whipple, Arizona.) RaNncE.— Western North America. Breeds chiefly in Transition Zone in mountains of southern Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua; winters in Mexico south to Tepic, Jalisco, and Michoacan; casual in migration to central Colorado and western Texas. Dendroica nigréscens (J. K. 'TowNsEND). Black-throated Gray Warbler. |665.] Sylvia nigrescens TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 191. (Near Fort William [Portland], Oregon.) RanGcE.— Western North America. Breeds in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia, Nevada, northern Utah, and north- western Colorado south to northern Lower California, southern Arizona, and northern New Mexico; winters in southern Lower California, and in Mexico from Durango to Michoacan, Vera Cruz, and Oaxaca. Dendroica chrysoparia SCLATER & SALvIN. Golden-cheeked Warbler. [666.] Dendreca chrysoparia ScuaTeR & SALvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 298. (Mountains of Vera Paz, Guatemala.) ORDER PASSERES. 317 RancE.— Texas to Guatemala. Breeds in Lower Sonoran Zone of Texas from Tom Green to Bosque and Bexar counties; winters in the highlands of southern Mexico and Guatemala. Dendroica virens (GMELIN). Black-throated Green Warbler. [667.] Motacilla virens GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 985. (Philadelphia, Pa.) Rance.— North America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transi- tion zones from west central and northeastern Alberta, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, northeastern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Minnesota, southern Wisconsin, northern Ohio, northern New Jersey, Connecticut, and Long Island, New York, and in the Alleghenies south to South Carolina and Georgia; in migration west to eastern Texas; winters in Mexico (Nuevo Leon to Chiapas and Yucatan), Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama; occasional in West Indies; accidental in Arizona, Greenland, and Europe. Dendroica townsendi (J. K. TowNsEND). Townsend’s Warbler. [668.] Sylvia townsendi ‘‘NutraLL”’ TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 191. (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RaNnGE.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal and Transi- tion zones from Prince William Sound and the upper Yukon, Alaska, south to Washington, and east to southwestern Alberta and western Montana; winters from central California to Guatemala; in migration east to eastern Wyoming, eastern Colorado, and western Texas; acci- dental in Pennsylvania. Dendroica occidentalis (J. K. TowNsEND). Hermit Warbler. [669.] Sylvia occidentalis TowNsEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 190. (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RancGe.— Western North America. Breeds in upper Transition Zone from southern British Columbia (chiefly west of the Cascades) to southern Sierra Nevada in California; in migration to Nevada and Arizona; winters in Mexico and Guatemala. Dendroica kirtlandi (Barrp). Kirtland’s Warbler. [670.] Sylvicola kirtlandit Batrp, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., V, 1852, 217, pl. 6. (Cleveland, Ohio.) 318 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RanGce.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition Zone in Oscoda, Crawford, and Roscommon counties, Michigan; winters in the Bahamas as far south at least as the Caicos Islands; in migration recorded from Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ontario, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Dendroica vigorsi (AUDUBON). Pine Warbler. [671.] Sylvia vigorsii AuDuUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1828, pl. 30. (About 10 miles west of Norristown, Pa.) Rancr.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from northern Manitoba, northern Michigan, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to east central Texas, the Gulf States, and Florida; winters from southern Illinois and coast of Virginia to Florida, eastern Texas, and Tamaulipas, and casually north to Massachusetts; occasional in Bermuda; accidental in British Columbia. Dendroica palmérum (GMELIN). RaNGE.— Eastern North America, north to Great Bear Lake, breeding mainly north of the United States; south in winter to the Gulf States and the West Indies. a. Dendroica palmarum palmarum (GMELIN). Palm Warbler. [672.] Motacilla palmarum GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 951. (Santo Dom- ingo.) Rance.— Interior North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from south- ern Mackenzie (Fort Simpson) and central Keewatin south and southeast to northern Minnesota; winters from southern Florida and the Bahamas to the Greater Antilles and Yucatan; occurs in migration on the Atlantic slope; accidental in California, Montana, and Colorado. b. Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea Ripaway. Yellow Palm Warbler. [672a.] Dendreca palmarum hypochrysea Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, I, Nov., 1876, 85. (Cambridge, Mass.) Rance.— Atlantic slope of North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from Ontario, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Maine; winters from Louisiana to northern Florida, casually to North Carolina and Pennsylvania; accidental in Ohio, Cuba, Ja- maica, and Bermuda. ORDER PASSERES. 319 Dendroica discolor (VIEILLOT). Prairie Warbler. [673.] Sylvia discolor Vin1Luot. Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809?), 37, pl. 98. (Eastern United States or Greater Antilles.) Rance.— Eastern United States and West Indies. Breeds chiefly in Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, southern Ohio, southwestern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, and (along the coast) from Massachusetts south to south- western Missouri, northern Mississippi, northwestern Georgia, Florida, and the Bahamas, and north locally to central Michigan, southern Ontario, and New Hampshire; breeds rarely and locally in the Gulf States; winters from central Florida through the Bahamas and the West Indies. GENus SEIURUS Swanson. Seturus Swainson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, May, 1827, 369. Type, by subs. desig., Motacilla aurocapilla LinNmus (Swainson, 1827). Seiirus aurocapillus (LINN#%us). Oven-bird. [674.] Motacilla aurocapilla LinNxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 334. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RanGE.— North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from southwestern Mackenzie (casually the lower Yukon Valley), northern Ontario, southern Ungava, and Newfound- land south to central Alberta, Colorado, Kansas, southern Missouri, Ohio Valley, Virginia, in mountains to Georgia and South Carolina, and east to the Atlantic coast from Nova Scotia to Virginia; winters from central Florida (casually South Carolina) and islands on the Louisiana coast through the Bahamas and West Indies to St. Thomas, and from Nuevo Leon to Colombia; casual at Mazatlan, Sinaloa. Seiurus noveboracénsis (GMELIN). RanGcE.— North America, breeding mainly north of the United States; south in winter to northern South America. a. Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis (GMELIN). Water-Thrush. [675.] Motacilla noveboracensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 958. (Louisiana and New York.) 320 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ranee.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds chiefly in Canadian Zone from northern Ontario, northern Ungava, and New- foundland south to central Ontario, northwestern New York, and northern New England (casually southern New England), and in mountains south to Pennsylvania and West Virginia; winters from the Valley of Mexico to Colombia and British Guiana, and from the Bahamas throughout the West Indies. b. Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ripaway. Grinnell’s Water-Thrush. [675a.] Seiurus nevius notabilis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, 12. (Shores of Como Lake, Carbon Co., Wyoming.) Ranae.— Western North America and northern South America. Breeds chiefly in Boreal zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska, northern Yukon, northwestern and central Mackenzie, and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia, central Montana, northwestern Nebraska, north- ern Minnesota, and northwestern Michigan; winters in Cuba and the Baha- mas and from Mexico to northern South America; migrates throughout the Mississippi Valley, and along the Atlantic coast from South Carolina southward; casual at East Cape, Siberia, and in California and New Jersey. Seiurus motacilla (VieEILLOT). Louisiana Water-Thrush. [676.] Turdus motacilla Vin1Lot, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1808?), 9, pl. 65. (Kentucky.) RancGe.— Eastern United States to South America. Breeds mainly in Carolinian Zone from southeastern Nebraska, southeastern Minne- sota, and the southern parts of Michigan, Ontario, New York, and New England south to northeastern Texas, northern Georgia, and central South Carolina; winters from northern Mexico to Colombia, the Greater Antilles, Antigua, and the Bahamas; accidental in California. GENUS OPORORNIS Bairp. Oporornis Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., [X, 1858, 246. Type, by orig. desig., Sylvia agilis W1Lson. Opor6érnis formésus (WiLsoNn). Kentucky Warbler. [677.] Sylvia formosa Witson, Amer. Orn., III, 1811, 85, pl. 25, fig. 3. (iXen- tucky.) ORDER PASSERES. 374) | RanceE.— Eastern United States to northern South America. Breeds in Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Wisconsin, southeastern and southwestern Pennsylvania, and the Hudson Valley south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, and northern Georgia; winters from Tabasco, Campeche, and Chiapas through Central America to Colombia; accidental in Vermont and Cuba. Oporornis agilis (Witson). Connecticut Warbler. [678.] Sylvia agilis Wiutson, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 64, pl. 39, fig. 4. (Connecti- cut or Philadelphia, Pa.) RancGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from Manitoba to central Minnesota and northern Michigan; winters in South America, probably in Colombia and Brazil; migrates through Florida and the Bahamas; in spring rare east of the Alleghenies but common in the Mississippi Valley; in autumn rare in the Mississippi Valley but common east of the Alleghenies; casual northeast of Massa- chusetts and in Ontario. Oporornis philadélphia (WiLson). Mourning Warbler. [679.] Sylvia philadelphia Witson, Amer. Orn., II, 1810, 101, pl. 14, fig. 6. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) RancE.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian Zone from east central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southwestern Keewatin, Nova Scotia, and Magdalen Islands south to central Minnesota, Michigan, central Ontario, and mountains of New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and West Virginia; winters from Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Colombia and Ecuador; in migration from eastern Texas to the Alleghenies; rare east of the Alleghenies and from North Carolina west to Mississippi. Oporornis télmiei (J. K. TowNsEND). Macgillivray’s Warbler. [680.] Sylvia tolmiei TowNnsEeND, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., April, 1839, 343. (Columbia River, near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in the lower Canadian and Transition zones from central British Columbia, central Alberta, and southern Saskatchewan south to southern Cali- “Mw Pap CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. [or ) fornia, southern Arizona, and northern New Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the eastern foothills of the Rocky Mountains and south- western South Dakota; winters from Lower California to Colombia; casual east in migration to North Dakota, Nebraska, and central ‘Texas. Genus GEOTHLYPIS CaBanlis. Geothlypis Capanis, Archiv fiir Naturg., 1847, I, 316, 349. Substitute for Trichas SwAINson. Type, by tautonymy Turdus trichas LINN&=Us. Geéthlypis trichas (LINN£Uws). Rance.— North America, south in winter to the West Indies and Central America. a. Geothlypis trichas trichas (LivNuus). Maryland Yellow-throat. [681.] Turdus trichas Linnxvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 293. (‘‘Carolina.’’) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from North Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern Ontario, and southern Labrador south to central Texas, northern parts of the Gulf States, and Virginia; winters from North Carolina and Louisiana to Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. b. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster. Western Yellow-throat. [681a.] Geothlypis trichas occidentalis BREWSTER, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VIII, July, 1883, 159. (Truckee River, Nevada.) - RancE.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Transition and Sonoran zones from central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, and South Dakota to southeastern California, northeastern Lower California, Chihuahua, and western Texas; winters south to Cape San Lucas and Tepic. c. Geothlypis trichas ignéta CHapman. Florida Yellow-throat. [681b.] Geothlypis trichas ignota CHapMAN, Auk, VII, Jan., 1890, 11. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RaNnGE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from the Dismal Swamp, Virginia, south to Florida and along the Gulf coast at least to Louisiana; winters from the coast of South Carolina to southeastern Texas and Cuba. ORDER PASSERES. 323 d. Geothlypis trichas arizéla Osrruotser. Pacific Yellow-throat. [681c.] Geothly pis trichas arizela OBERHOLSER, Auk, XVI, July. 1899, 257. (Fort Steilacoom, Washington.) RancE.— Pacific coast region. Breeds in Transition and Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia to southern California and east to Fort Klamath, Oregon; winters south to Cape San Lucas. e. Geothlypis trichas sinuésa GRINNELL. Salt Marsh Yellow-throat. [681e.] Geothlypis trichas sinuwosa GRINNELL, Condor, III, May, 1901, 65. (Palo Alto, California.) RanGeE.— Upper Sonoran Zone in salt marshes about San Francisco Bay, California (in Marin, Contra Costa, Alameda, and Santa Clara counties). Geothlypis béldingi Ripacway. Belding’s Yellow-throat. [682.] Geothlypis beldingt Ripaway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 344. (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) RancE.— Lower Sonoran Zone in the Cape Region of Lower California. GENUS CHAMZETHLYPIS Ripaway. Chamethlypis Ringway, Manual N. A. Birds, 1887, 525. Type, by orig. desig., Geothlypis poliocephala Barrp. Chaméthlypis poliocéphala (Bairp). Rio Grande Yellow-throat. [682.1.] Geothlypis poliocephala Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1865, 225. (Maz- atlan, Sinaloa, Mexico.) RancGe.— Lower Sonoran Zone of the Lower Rio Grande Valley, and northern and central Mexico south to Sinaloa, Michoacan, and Morelos. \y GeENus ICTERIA Vieor. Icterta ViEiLLoT, Ois. Amer. Sept., I, 1807, iv, 85. Type, by monotypy, Icteria dumicola VinitLotT = Muscicapa viridis GMELIN = Turdus virens LINNAUS. 324 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ictéria virens (LinN&vs). RancE.— United States, south in winter to Mexico and Central America. a. Icteria virens virens (LINNmus). Yellow-breasted Chat. [683.] Turdus virens LinNxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 171. (Carolina, 200 or 300 miles from the sea.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Upper and Lower Austral zones from southern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, central New York, and southern New England south to southeastern Texas, southern parts of Gulf States, and northern Florida; winters from Puebla, Vera Cruz, and Yucatan to Costa Rica; casual in Maine. b. Icteria virens longicaida Lawrence. Long-tailed Chat. [683a.] Icteria longicauda Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. H. N. Y., VI, 1853, 4. (Cali- fornia, probably near Sacramento or Stockton.) Rance.— Western United States. Breeds in lower Transition and Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia, central Montana and North Dakota south to Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Mexico, and east to central Nebraska; winters on the tableland and west coast of Mexico from Chihuahua to Oaxaca. GENUS WILSONIA BonaPaRTE. Wilsonia BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List., 1838, 23. Type, by subs. desig., Motacilla mtrata GMELIN = Muscicapa citrina BoppAaERT (A. O. U. Committee, 1899). Wilsénia citrina (BoppaERT). Hooded Warbler. [684.] Muscicapa citrina BopparERT, Table Pl. Enl., 1783, 41. (Louisiana.) Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds in Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, suuthwestern Michigan, central New York, and the lower Connecticut Valley south to Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia; winters from Vera Cruz and Yucatan to Panama; occasional in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica; casual north to Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, and Massachusetts. ORDER PASSERES. 325 Wilsonia pusilla (WiLson). Rance.— North America, breeding almost wholly north of the United States, except in the Rocky Mountain region and near the Pacific coast; winters in Mexico and Central America. a. Wilsonia pusilla pusilla (Witson). Wilson’s Warbler. [685.] Muscicapa pusilla Wiuson, Amer. Orn., III, 1811, 103, pl. 26, fig. 4. (Southern States, and lower New Jersey and Delaware.) Ranar.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from tree limit in northwestern and central Mackenzie, central Keewatin, central Ungava, and Newfoundland south to southern Saskatchewan, northern Minnesota, central Ontario, New Hampshire, Maine, and Nova Scotia; winters in eastern Central America from Guatemala to Costa Rica and occasionally north to Michoacan; migrates mainly along the Alleghenies; practically unknown in the Austroriparian Zone from Virginia to Louisiana. b. Wilsonia pusilla pileol4ta (PaLtLas). Pileolated Warbler. [685a.] Motacilla pileolata Patuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1826 (1811?), 497. (Kadiak, Alaska.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northern Alaska south through eastern Oregon and eastern California to mountains of New Mexico and western Texas, and on the Pacific coast south and west to Queen Charlotte Islands; winters from Durango and Nuevo Leon to Panama; casual in Minnesota and Missouri. c. Wilsonia pusilla chryséola Rinaway. Golden Pileolated Warbler. [6850.] Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ripaway, Bull. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Pt. 2, 1902, 714. (Red Bluff, California.) Rance.— Pacific coast. Breeds on the coastal slope from southern British Columbia to southern California; winters in Chihuahua, Sonora, and Lower California; casual in migration in eastern Oregon and Arizona. Wilsonia canadénsis (LInNmus). Canada Warbler. [686.] Muscicapa canadensis LinNxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 327. (Can- ada.) RanGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in the Canadian Zone and casually in the Transition from central Alberta, southern Keewa- tin, northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to 326 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. central Minnesota, central Michigan, southern Ontario, central New York, and Massachusetts, and along the Alleghenies to North Carolina and Tennessee; winters in Ecuador and Peru and casually in Guate- mala; in migration to eastern Mexico (Puebla and Tamaulipas) ; casual in Colorado. GENUS SETOPHAGA SWAINSON. Setophaga Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, May, 1827, 368. Type, by subs. desig., Motacilla ruticilla Liynaxus (Swainson, 1827). Setéphaga ruticilla (Linnmus). Redstart. [687.] Motacilla ruticilla Linnamvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 186. (Virginia.) Rance.— North America and northern South America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from central British Columbia, west central Mackenzie, southern Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland to Washington, northern Utah, Colorado, central Oklahoma, Arkansas, and North Carolina; rarely breeds in the southeastern United States south of latitude 35°; casual in migration in Oregon, California, Lower California, Arizona and northern Ungava; winters in the West Indies and from central Mexico (Puebla) to Ecuador and British Guiana. Setophaga picta SwaINson. Painted Redstart. [688.] Setophaga picta Swainson, Zool. Illustr., ser. 2, I, 1829, pl. 3. (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) Ranee.— Mainly in Transition Zone in mountains of central Arizona, southern New Mexico, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, and south over the Mexican tableland to Vera Cruz, Hidalgo, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. GENUS CARDELLINA Dv Bws. Cardellina Du Bus, Esquisses Orn., 1849, pl. 25. Type, by monotypy, Cardellina amicta Du Bus = Muscicapa rubrifrons GIRAUD. ORDER PASSERES. oon Cardellina rabrifrons (GirAuD). Red-faced Warbler. [690.] Muscicapa rubrifrons Grraup, Sixteen Sp. Texas Birds, 1841, [27], pl. i; figs 1. ((*Dexas?’’) Rance.— Mainly in Transition Zone in mountains of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and south through Mexico to the highlands of Guatemala. FAMILY MOTACILLIDZ. WAGTAILS. [Genus MOTACILLA Linnvs. /Q- Motacilla Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758/ 184. Type, by subs. desig., Motacilla alba LinN-®us (Gray, 1840). Motacilla alba Linnzxus. White Wagtail. [694.] Motacilla alba Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 185. (Sweden.) RancEe.— Eastern Hemisphere. Breeds from Siberia to the British Isles and from the Arctic coast to Persia and Asia Minor; winters in northern Africa; accidental in northern Ungava and Greenland. Motacilla ocularis SwINHOE. Swinhoe’s Wagtail. [695.] Motacilla ocularis SwinuHok, Ibis, Jan., 1860, 55. (Amoy, China.) RaNGE.— Eastern Asia. Breeds in eastern Siberia; winters south to southern China, straggling to western Alaska (Attu Island, Aleutian chain, and mouth of Yukon); accidental in Lower California. ] , GENUS BUDYTES Cuvier. Budytes Cuvipr, Régne Animal, I, 1817, 371. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla flava Linnxvs. Bidytes flavus (LINNvs). RanGE.— Europe, Asia, and western Alaska, wintering in Africa, India, and the Malay Archipelago. 328 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Budytes flavus flavus. Extralimital.] b. Budytes flavus alascénsis Ringway. Alaska Yellow Wagtail. ([696.] Budytes flavus alascensis Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., X VI, Sept. 30, 1908, 105. (St. Michael, Alaska.) RanGE.— Breeds in Arctic Zone in western Alaska from Point Barrow and Kotzebue Sound to Nushagak River; migrates through western Aleutian Islands to eastern Asia. J GENUS ANTHUS BeEcustTEIN. Anthus BEcuSTEIN, Gemein. Naturg. Deutschl., III, 1807, 704. Type, by subs. desig., Anthus aquaticus BrcHsTEIN = Alauda spinoletta Linnzus (Gray, 1840). Supcenus ANTHUS. Anthus rubéscens (TunsTALL). Pipit. [697.] Alauda rubescens TunsTauu, Orn. Britannica, 1771, 2. (Pennsylvania.) RaNnGE.— Breeds in Arctic Zone from northeastern Siberia, northern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, latitude 68° on west coast of Davis Strait, and latitude 70° on west coast of Greenland south to Great Slave Lake, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland, and from the Aleutian Islands to Prince William Sound, and on high mountains south to California, Colorado, and New Mexico; winters from southern California and the Ohio and lower Delaware valleys to the Gulf coast and Guatemala; casual in Bermuda; accidental in Helgoland. [Anthus praténsis (LINN&us). Meadow Pipit. [698.] Alauda pratensis LINN&Uus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 166. (Sweden.) RanGE.— Breeds over the greater part of Europe; winters in north- ern Africa; accidental in Greenland.] ORDER PASSERES. 329 [Anthus cervinus (PaLLAs). Red-throated Pipit. [699.] Motacilla cervina Pauuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1826 (1811?), 511. (Kamchatka and adjacent islands.) RancE.— Breeds on the tundras of northern Siberia and locally in northern Europe; winters southward to southern China, Egypt, and Abyssinia; accidental in western Alaska (St. Michael), Aleutian Islands, and Lower California. ] SuBcEnus NEOCORYS Scuater. Neocorys ScLaTER, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1857, 5. Type, by orig. desig., Alauda spragueit AUDUBON. Anthus spraguei (AUDUBON). Sprague’s Pipit. [700.] Alauda spragueit AupuBon, Birds Amer., VII, 1844, 334, pl. 486. (Old Fort Union, western North Dakota.) RancE.— Interior plains of North America. Breeds in Transition Zone from southwestern Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba south to western Montana and North Dakota; winters from Texas, southern Louisiana, and southern Mississippi through eastern and central Mexico to Vera Cruz, Puebla, and Michoacan; casual in Georgia and South Carolina. Famity CINCLIDZA. Drprers. GENUS CINCLUS BorkKHAUSEN. Cinclus BORKHAUSEN, Deutsche Fauna, 1797, 300. Type, by monotypy, Cinclus hydrophilus BoRKHAUSEN = Sturnus cinclus LinNaus. Cinclus mexic4nus SWAINSON. RancEe.— Mountains of western North America from Alaska to western Mexico and Guatemala. 330 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. [Cinclus mexicanus mexicanus. Extralimital.] b. Cinclus mexicanus unicolor Bonaparte. Dipper. [701.] Cinclus unicolor BONAPARTE, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, 52, 53. (‘‘ Atha- pescow Lake,” probably near the source of the Athabaska River.) Rance.— Hudsonian, Canadian, and Transition zones in mountains of western North America from near tree limit in northwestern Alaska, north- eastern British Columbia, and west central Alberta south to northern Lower California and southern New Mexico; accidental in the Black Hills, South Dakota, and in western Nebraska. Famity MIMIDA. THrasHERS, MocKINGBIRDS, ETC. GENus OREOSCOPTES Bairp. Oreoscoptes Bairp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, xix, xxxv, 346. Type, by monotypy, Orpheus montanus TOWNSEND. Oreoscéptes montanus (J. K. TowNsEND). Sage Thrasher. [702.] Orpheus montanus TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1837, 192. (Sandy Creek, Lat. 42° N., Long. 109° 30’ W., Wyoming.) Rancr.— Arid sagebrush plains and foothills of western United States. Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from south- ern British Columbia, central Montana, and western Nebraska south to east central California and northern New Mexico; winters from southern California and mountains of central Texas to northern Mexico (Chihuahua and Tamaulipas), and Cape San Lucas, and casually to Guadalupe Island. GENUS MIMUS Bole. Mimus Bors, Isis, XTX, 1826, 972. Type, by monotypy, Turdus poly- glottos LINN&ZUS. Mimus polyglottos (LINNus). RanGE.— United States south to the West Indies and Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. Sol a. Mimus polyglottos polyglottos (LinNsus). Mockingbird. [703.] Turdus polyglottos L1nNxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 169. (Virginia.) RaNnGe.— Southeastern United States, chiefly in Austral zones, from eastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Maryland south to east- ern Texas, southern Florida, and the Bahamas, and sparingly to New York and Massachusetts; accidental in Wisconsin, Ontario, Maine, and Nova Scotia; introduced in Bermuda. b. Mimus polyglottos leucdpterus (Vicors). Western Mockingbird. [703a.] Orpheus leucopterus Vicors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 17. (West coast of America [California or Mexico].) RaNGE.— Southwestern United States and Mexico. Breeds chiefly in Sonoran zones from central California, southern Wyoming, northwestern Nebraska, and western Kansas south to Cape San Lucas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz, and on Tres Marias and Santa Barbara islands; accidental on Guadalupe Island. GENUS DUMETELLA 5S. D. W. Dumetella S. D. W., Analyst, V, 1837, 206. Type, by monotypy, Turdus felivox Vim1tLor = Muscicapa carolinensis LINN®US. Dumetélla carolinénsis (LINN®us). Catbird. [704.] Muscicapa carolinensis LINN nus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 328. (Vir- ginia or Carolina.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Transition and Austral zones from central British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Nova Scotia south to northeastern Oregon, northern Utah, northeastern New Mexico, eastern Texas, and northern Florida; resident in Bermuda; winters from southern States to the Bahamas and Cuba and through Mexico to Panama; casual in winter north to the Middle States; accidental on the Farallon Islands and in Europe. ool CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS TOXOSTOMA WAaGLER. Toxostoma WAGLER, Isis, XXIV, 1831, 528. Type, by monotypy, Toxos- toma vetula WAGLER = Orpheus curvirostris SWAINSON. Toxéstoma rafum (LINNus). Brown Thrasher. [705.] Turdus rufus Linnmvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 169. (Virginia or Carolina.) RancGE.— Eastern United States. Breeds mainly in Transition and Austral zones from southern Alberta, southern Manitoba, north- ern Michigan, southern Ontario, southern Quebec, and northern Maine south to eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and north- ern Florida, and from base of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado eastward; winters from southeastern Mis- souri and North Carolina to south central Texas, southern Florida, and casually further north; accidental in Arizona and Europe. Toxostoma longiréstre (LAFRESNAYE). Rance.— Lower Rio Grande Valley and the Gulf coast of Texas south through eastern Mexico. a. [Toxostoma longirosire longirostre. Extralimital.] b. Toxostoma longirostre sénnetti (Ripncway). Sennett’s Thrasher. [706.] Harporhynchus longirostris sennetti Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1888, 506. (Lomita, near Hidalgo, Texas.) RanGE.— Lower Sonoran and upper Tropical zones from the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Gulf coast of Texas (Corpus Christi) south to central Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi; occasionally north to Galveston. Toxostoma curviréstre (SWAINSON). RaNnGE.— Southern border of the United States and Mexico. a. Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre (SwAINSON). Curve-billed Thrasher. [707.] Orpheus curvirostris Swanson, Philos. Mag., N. S., I, May, 1827, 369. (“Table land”’ of Mexico; probably near Temascaltepec.) ORDER PASSERES. 333 Rance.— Sonoran and arid Tropical zones from southeastern New Mexico, Rio Grande Valley, and southern Gulf coast of Texas south to Colima, Michoa- can, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Vera Cruz. b. Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Cours). Palmer’s Thrasher. [707a.] Harporhynchus curvirostris var palmeri Cours, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 351. (Tucson, Arizona.) RanGeE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from west central Arizona and southwest- ern New Mexico south to Sonora and northern Chihuahua. Toxostoma béndirei (Cours). Bendire’s Thrasher. [708.] Harporhynchus bendiret Cours, Amer. Nat., VII, 1873, 330. (Tucson, Arizona.) RaNGE.— Lower Sonoran deserts of the Southwest. Breeds in southeastern California, southern Arizona, and northern Sonora; winters south to northern Sinaloa; accidental in Colorado. Toxostoma cinéreum (XANTUS). Rance.— Lower California. a. Toxostoma cinereum cinereum (Xanrus). San Lucas Thrasher. [709.] Harporhynchus cinereus Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 298. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGe.— Southern Lower California, breeding in Lower Sonoran Zone south of latitude 28°. 6. Toxostoma cinereum mearnsi (ANTHONY). Mearns’s Thrasher. [709a.] Harporhynchus cinereus mearnsi ANTHONY, Auk, XII, Jan., 1895, 53. (San Quintin, Lower California.) Ranoer.— Lower California, breeding in Lower Sonoran Zone from latitude 31° south to latitude 28° (Santa Rosalia Bay). 334 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Suscenus HARPORHYNCHUS Capanis. Harporhynchus Capanis, Archiv ftir Naturg., 1847, i, 323. Type, by monotypy, Harpes rediviva GAMBEL. Toxostoma redivivum (GAMBEL). California Thrasher. ([710.] Harpes rediviva GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 264. (Near Monterey, California.) RanGeE.— Foothills and valleys of California west of the Sierra Nevada breeding in Sonoran zones from Shasta County south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains and San Quintin, Lower California. Toxostema lecéntei LAWRENCE. Rance.— Southwestern United States and Lower California. a. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrencr. Leconte’s Thrasher. [711.] Toxostoma leconteti LAWRENCE, Ann. Lyc. N. H. N. Y., V, 1851, 121. (Fort Yuma, Arizona.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran deserts of southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and south to San Felipe Bay, Lower California, and Cape Lobos, Sonora. b. Toxostoma lecontei arenicola (ANTHONY). Desert Thrasher. [71la.] Harporhynchus lecontei arenicola ANTHONY, Auk, XIV, April, 1897, 167. (Rosalia Bay, Lower California.) Rance.— Lower California in Lower Sonoran Zone from latitude 30° to latitude 28°. Toxostoma crissdle HENRY. Crissal Thrasher. [712.] Toxostoma crissalis Henry, Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117. (Fort Thorn, Donna Ana Co., New Mexico.) RanGE.— Deserts of southwestern United States and Mexico. Breeds in Sonoran zones from southern Nevada and southern Utah south to northern Lower California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, and from southeastern California to western Texas. ORDER PASSERES. 335 Famity TROGLODYTIDZA. WRrENs. GENUS HELEODYTES CaBanis. Heleodytes CaABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 80. Type, by subs. desig., Furn- arius griseus SWAINSON (Gray, 1855). Heleédytes brunneicapillus (LArRESNAYE). RaNGE.— Southwestern United States, Mexico, and Lower Cali- fornia. a. Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapillus. Extralimital.] b. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couési (SHARPE). Cactus Wren. [713.] Campylorhynchus couesi SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, 196. (Laredo, Texas.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran deserts from southern parts of California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and Texas (San Antonio) south to northern Lower Cali- fornia and the northern states of Mexico. c. Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti AnrHony. Bryant’s Cactus Wren. [713a.] Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryantt ANtHony, Auk, XI, July, 1894, 212. (San Telmo, Lower California.) RanGeE.— Pacific coast of southern California (San Diego County) and northern Lower California (San Ignacio) in Lower Sonoran Zone. d. Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis (Xanrus). San Lucas Cactus Wren. (713b.] Campylorhynchus affinis Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 298. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) RanGE.— Cape Region of Lower California in Lower Sonoran Zone. GeENus SALPINCTES CaBsanlis. Salpinctes CaBanis, Archiv fiir Naturg., 1847, i, 313. Type, by subs. desig., Troglodytes obsoleta Say (Gray, 1855). 336 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Salpinctes obsolétus (Say). RancE.— Western United States and Mexico to Guatemala. a. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say). Rock Wren. [715.] Troglodytes obsoleta Say, in Long’s Exped., II, 1823, 4 (note). (Northern part of Douglas Co., Colorado, near junction of Plum Creek with South Platte River.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Transition and Sonoran zones from southern British Columbia, west central Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan south to central Sonora, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas, and from the Pacific, including the Farallon, Santa Barbara (ex- cept San Nicolas), and Coronados islands, peninsula of Lower California and adjacent islands, east to western North Dakota, central Nebraska (casually western Iowa), and central Texas; winters in southern part of its United States range and in Mexico. b. Salpinctes obsoletus pulvérius GrINNELL. San Nicolas Rock Wren. [715a.] Salpinctes obsoletus pulverius GRINNELL, Auk, XV, July, 1898, 238. (San Nicolas Island, California.) Ranax.— San Nicolas Island, California. Salpinctes guadeloupénsis RipGway. Guadalupe Rock Wren. [716.] Salpinctes obsoletus guadeloupensis Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., II, No. 2, 1876, 185. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RancE.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. Genus SATHERPES Barrp. Catherpes Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., [X, 1858, 356. Type, by orig. desig., Thryothorus mexicanus SWAINSON. Cathérpes mexicénus (SwWAINSON). RancE.— Arid portions of western United States and Mexico. ORDER PASSERES. _ 337 a. [Catherpes mexicanus mexicanus. [xtralimital.] b. Catherpes mexicanus Albifrons (Giraup). White-throated Wren. [717.] Certhia albifrons Giraup, Sixteen Sp. Texas Birds, 1841, [31], pl. viii. (“Texas.’’) Ranae.— Lower Sonoran Zone of southwestern Texas, near mouth of Pecos River, and northern part of Mexican tableland from Nuevo Leon to Zacatecas. c. Catherpes mexicanus conspérsus Ripaway. Caiion Wren. [717a.] Catherpes mexicanus var. conspersus Rrpaway, Amer. Nat., VII, Oct., 1873, 603. (Fort Churchill, Washoe Mountains, Nevada.) Rance.— Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region from eastern California (Mono Lake), Nevada, and south- eastern Colorado south to Lower California, western Texas, Sonora, and Chihuahua. d. Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ripcway. Dotted Cafion Wren. [717] x7 Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VY, 1882, 343. (Forest Hill, Placer Co., California.) Rance.— Upper and Lower Sonoran zones of southeastern Washington (Snake River Cafion), Oregon, and west central Idaho south to Kern and Riverside counties, California. GrENus THRYOTHORUWS VIEILLOT. Thryothorus Vie1tuoT, Analyse, 1816, 45, 70. Type, by subs. desig.. Troglodytes arundinaceus V1E1LLot (part) = Sylvia ludoviciana LATHAM (Baird, 1858). Thryothérus ludovicianus (LaTHam). RanGceE.— Eastern United States and northeastern Mexico. a. Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus (LarHam). Carolina Wren. [718.] Sylvia ludoviciana Laruam, Index Orn., II, 1790, 548. (Louisiana.) Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds in Carolinian and Austroriparian zones from southeastern Nebraska, southern Iowa, Ohio, southern Pennsyl- vania, and lower Hudson and Connecticut valleys south to central Texas (west- 9 338 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ern Texas in winter), Gulf States, and northern Florida; casual north to Wisconsin, Michigan, Ontario, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. b. Thryothorus ludovicianus miaménsis Ripcway. Florida Wren. [718a.] Thryothorus ludovicianus var. miamensis Ripaway, Amer. Nat., IX, Aug., 1875, 469. (Miami, Florida.) RancGE.— Peninsula of Florida from the Suwanee River, Gainesville, and Palatka south. c. Thryothorus ludovicianus lomiténsis SenNerr. Lomita Wren. [718b.] Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis SeNNETT, Auk, VII, Jan., 1890, 58. (Lomita Ranch, Hidalgo Co., Texas.) RancGe.— Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas, and northern Tamaulipas in Lower Sonoran Zone. GENUS THRYOMANES Scuater. Thryomanes ScuaTER, Cat. Amer. Birds, 1862, 22. Type, by subs. desig., Troglodytes bewickti AUDUBON (Baird, 1858). Thryomanes béwicki (AUDUBON). RancGE.— United States and Mexico. a. Thryomanes bewicki bewicki (AupDuBON). Bewick’s Wren. [719.] Troglodytes bewickii AupuBON, Birds Amer. ( folio), I, 1827, pl. 18. (Near St. Francisville, Louisiana). Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds chiefly in Carolinian Zone from southeastern Nebraska, northern Illinois, southern Michigan, and south central Pennsylvania south to central Arkansas, northern Mississippi, central Alabama, and along the Alleghenian highlands to northern South Carolina; winters from near the northern limit of its range southward to the Gulf coast and Florida; accidental in Ontario and New Hampshire. b. Thryomanes bewicki spilirus (Vicors). Vigors’s Wren. [719a.] Troglodytes spilurus Vicors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 18, pl. 4, fig. 1. (Near San Francisco or Monterey, California.) RaNGE.— Coast region of middle California from Sonoma County to Mon- terey. ORDER PASSERES. 339 c. Thryomanes bewicki kairdi (Satvin & GopMAN). Baird’s Wren. [719b.] Thryothorus bairdi SAuvin & GopMAN, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, I, April, 1880, 95. (Oaxaca, Mexico.) RanGeE.— Southern Great Basin region and Mexico. Breeds in Sonoran zones of California east of the Sierra Nevada, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and southeastern Colorado south to Sonora, Durango, and Zacatecas. d. Thryomanes bewicki cryptus OpprHoLseR. Texas Wren. [719c.] Thryomanes bewickit cryptus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, 425. (San Antonio, Texas.) RaNnGE.— Southern Plains region. Breeds in Sonoran zones from Kansas and Texas (except extreme western part) south to Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon. e. Thryomanes bewicki charientirus OsrrHorser. San Diego Wren. [719d.]} Thryomanes bewickii charienturus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, 485. (Nashoguero Valley, Lower California.) RaNnGeE.— Sonoran zones in Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys and adjacent foothills, California, north to Shasta County, and the coast region of southern California south to about latitude 28° in Lower California, and on Santa Catalina Island. jf. Thryomanes bewicki calophénus OnerHoLsER. Seattle Wren. ([719¢e.] Thryomanes bewickii calophonus OBERHOLSER, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, 440. (South Park, King Co., Washington.) Ranee.— Transition Zone of the Pacifie slope from southern Vancouver Island and the valley of Fraser River, southern British Columbia, south to Oregon. Thryomanes leucéphrys (ANTHONY). San Clemente Wren. [719.1.] Thryothorus leucophrys ANTHONY, Auk, XII, Jan., 1895, 52. (San Clem- ente Island, California.) RanGE.— San Clemente Island, California. Thryomanes brevicaida Ripaway. Guadalupe Wren. [720.] Thryomanes brevicauda Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2, 1876, 186. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) RancEe.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California (probably extinct). 340 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS TROGLODYTES VIEILLoT. Troglodytes Vin1uLot, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809?), 52. Type, by subs. desig., T'roglodytes aédon Vir1LuorT (Baird, 1858). Troglédytes aédon (VIEILLOT). RanGe.— United States and southern Canada; Mexico in winter. a Troglodytes aédon aédon Virittor. House Wren. [721.] Troglodytes edon Virw.ot, Ois. Amer. Sept., II, 1807 (1809?), 52, pl. 107. (Eastern United States.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds chiefly in Transition and Upper Austral zones from eastern Wisconsin, Michigan, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and New Brunswick south to Kentucky and Virginia; winters in eastern Texas and Tamaulipas, and in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. b. Troglodytes aédon parkmani Aupuson. Western House Wren. [721a.] Troglodytes parkmanii AupuBoN, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 310. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transition zones from southern British Columbia, northern Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, southern Arizona, southwestern Texas, southern Missouri, and southern Illinois; winters from California and Texas southward in Mexico to Jalisco, Guerrero, and Oaxaca. Grnus NANNUS BILuBerac. Nannus BILLBERG, Synopsis Faune Scand., I, ii, 1828, table A, & p. 57. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla troglodytes LinNxwus. Nannus hiemalis (ViErLiot). Rance.— North America, breeding (except in mountains) mainly north of the United States; in winter south to the Gulf coast and southern California. ORDER PASSERES. 341 a. Nannus hiemalis hiemalis (VirmuLor). Winter Wren. [722. Troglodytes hiemalis ViritLoT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXIV, 1819, 514. (Nova Scotia and New York.) RancGe.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from central Alberta, southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to central Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, central Michi- gan, and Massachusetts, and through the Alleghenies to North Carolina; winters from about its southern breeding limit to Texas and northern Florida. b. Nannus hiemalis pacificus (Barrp). Western Winter Wren. [722a.] Troglodytes hyemalis var. pacificus Bairp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 145. (Simiahmoo, Puget Sound, Washington.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds from Prince William Sound, Alaska, and western Alberta south to central California and northern Colo- rado; winters in southern British Columbia and south to southern California and southern New Mexico. c. Nannus hiemalis hélleri (Oscoop). Kadiak Winter Wren. ([722b.] Anorthura hiemalis hellerti Oscoop, Auk, XVIII, April, 1901, 181. (Kad- iak Island, Alaska.) Ranae.— Kadiak Island, Alaska. Nannus alascénsis (Barrp). Alaska Wren. [723.] Troglodytes alascensis Batrp, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., I, ii, 1869, 315, pl. xxx, fig. 8. (St. George Island, Pribilof Islands.) RANGE.— Saint George Island, Pribilof Islands, eastern Aleutian Islands, and western part of Alaska Peninsula. Nannus méliger (OBERHOLSER). Aleutian Wren. [723.1.] Anorthura meligera OBERHOLSER, Auk, XVII, Jan., 1900, 25. (Attu Island, Aleutian Islands.) Rance.— Western Aleutian Islands (Attu, Amchitka, Atka, and Kiska). 342 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENus CISTOTHORUS Casanis. Cistothorus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 77 (note). Type, by mono- typy, Troglodytes stellaris NAUMANN. Cistothérus stelléris (NAUMANN). Short-billed Marsh Wren. [724.] Troglodytes stellaris NAUMANN, Vogel Deutschl., III, 1823, table to p. 724. (Carolina.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from southeastern Saskatchewan, southern Keewatin, southern Ontario, and southern Maine south to eastern Kansas, central Missouri, central Indiana, and northern Delaware; winters from southern Illinois and southern New Jersey to southern Texas, Louisiana, and Florida; accidental in Colorado. GENUS TELMATODYTES CaBanlis. Telmatodytes CaBANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 78 (note). Type, by subs. desig., Certhia palustris W1LSON (Baird, 1858). Telmatédytes palistris (WiLson). Rancr.— United States and southern Canada, south into Mexico in winter. a. Telmatodytes palustris palustris (Witson). Long-billed Marsh Wren. [725.] Certhia palustris Witson, Amer. Orn., IT, 1810, 58, pl. 12, fig. 4. (Schuyl- kill and Delaware rivers, Pa.) Rance.— Eastern United States. Breeds in Transition and Upper Austral zones from southern Ontario and southern Quebec south to the Potomac Valley and coast of Virginia; winters from southern New Jersey to South Carolina and casually to Florida; casual in New Brunswick. ORDER PASSERES. 343 b. Telmatodytes palustris paludicola (Bairp). Tulé Wren. [725a.] Cistothorus palustris, var. paludicola Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 148. (Shoalwater Bay, Washington.) RaNnGE.— Pacific coast. Breeds in Transition and Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from British Columbia to southern California; winters from Washington south to Cape San Lucas and northwestern Sonora. c. Telmatodytes palustris griseus (Brewster). Worthington’s Marsh Wren. [725b.] Cistothorus palustris griseus BREwsTER, Auk, X, July, 1893, 216. (Sapelo Island, Georgia.) RanceE.— Lower Austral Zone in the South Atlantic coast region from South Carolina to northern Florida. d. Telmatodytes palustris plésius (OsrERHOLSER). Western Marsh Wren. [725c.] Cistothorus palustris plesius OBERHOLSER, Auk, XIV, April, 1897, 188. (Fort Wingate, New Mexico.) Ranae.— Arid interior of North America. Breeds mainly in Upper Sonoran Zone from central British Columbia to New Mexico and from central Washington, central Oregon, and northeastern California east to central Colorado; winters from California and central Texas (casually further north) south to Cape San Lucas, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas. e. Telmatodytes palustris iliacus Ripaway. Prairie Marsh Wren. [725d.] Telmatodytes palustris iliacus Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Sept. 30, 1903, 110. (Wheatland, Knox Co., Indiana.) RanGe.— Plains and prairies of central North America. Breeds in Transi- tion and Upper Austral zones from central Alberta and southwestern Keewatin south to central Mississippi Valley and east to Indiana; winters southward over Mexico to Jalisco, Zacatecas, and Vera Cruz, and along the Gulf coast to west- ern Florida. f. Telmatodytes palustris marianze (Scorr). Marian’s Marsh Wren. [725¢e.] Cistothorus mariane Scorr, Auk, V, April, 1888, 188. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) Rance.— Coast of South Atlantie States. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone on the coast of North Carolina; winters south to South Carolina and west coast of Florida. 344 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. FamMity CERTHIIDA. CREEPERS. GENUS CERTHIA LINNZ£us. Certhia Linnamus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 118. Type, by subs. desig., Certhia familiaris LINNm&Us (Gray, 1840). Cérthia familidris LinnxUvs. RancE.— Greater part of Northern Hemisphere. a. [Certhia familiaris familiaris. Extralimital.] b. Certhia familiaris americdna Bonaparte. Brown Creeper. [726.] Certhia americana BONAPARTE, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 11. (“‘ West- ern [ = eastern] and northern parts” of North America.) RanceE.— Eastern North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transition zones from southern Manitoba, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to eastern Nebraska, northern Indiana, northern New York, and Massachusetts, and south along the Alleghenies to North Carolina, and casually in southeastern Missouri; winters over a large part of its breeding range and south to central Texas and northern Florida. c. Certhia familiaris albéscens BerterpscH. Mexican Creeper. [726a.] Certhia mexicana albescens BERLEPSCH, Auk, V, Oct., 1888, 450. (Ciudad, western Durango, Mexico.) Rance.— Lower Canadian and Transition zones from southern Arizona south to Tepic and Zacatecas, Mexico. d. Certhia familiaris montana Ringway. Rocky Mountain Creeper. [726b.] Certhia familiaris montana Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 114. (Camp Apache, Arizona.) Rance.— Boreal zones from central Alaska (Mt. McKinley), central British Columbia, and central Alberta south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico; in winter to southeastern California and probably into Mexico. e. Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ripaway. California Creeper. [726c.] Certhia familiaris occidentalis Ripaway, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 115. (Simiahmoo, Washington.) Rance.— Pacific coast, in Canadian and Transition zones, from Sitka, Alaska, to Santa Cruz Mountains, California. ORDER PASSERES. 345 f. Certhia familiaris zel6tes Oscoop. Sierra Creeper. [726d.] Certhia familiaris zelotes Oscoop, Auk, XVIII, April, 1901, 182. (Battle Creek, Tehama Co., California.) RanGe.— Canadian and Transition zones from the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and the Sierra Nevada of California south to San Jacinto Mountains, spreading into adjacent valleys in winter. FamiILy SITTIDA. NuvTHATCHES. Genus SITTA Linnzxts. Sitta Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10,1, 1758,115. Type, by monotypy, Sitta europea LINNEUS. Sitta carolinénsis LATHAM. Rance.— Temperate North America south (in mountains) to Lower California and central and southern Mexico. a. Sitta carolinensis carolinensis LarHam. White-breasted Nuthatch. [727.] Sitta carolinensis LATHAM, Index Orn., I, 1790, 262. (Carolina.) Ranae.— North America east of the Plains. Breeds in Canadian, Transi- tion, and Upper Austral zones from northern Minnesota, central Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to the northern parts of the Gulf States; casual in Keewatin. b. Sitta carolinensis aculedta Cassin. Slender-billed Nuthatch. [727a.] Sitta aculeata Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 254. (California.) Ranae.— Pacific coast region. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia to northern Lower California and from the Pacific coast east to the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. c. Sitta carolinensis Atkinsi Scorr. Florida White-breasted Nuthatch. [727b.] Sitta carolinensis atkinsi Scorr, Auk, VII, April, 1890, 118. (Tarpon Springs, Florida.) RanGeE.— Breeds in Lower Austral Zone from Mississippi eastward along the Gulf coast to Florida. 346 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. d. Sitta carolinensis nélsoni Mearns. Rocky Mountain Nuthatch. [727c.] Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1902, 923. (Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.) RanGE.— Interior of North America. Breeds mainly in the Transition Zone from southern British Columbia, central Alberta, and western Manitoba south to Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila, and from the eastern base of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada eastward across the Rocky Mountains. e. Sitta carolinensis lagine Brewster. San Lucas Nuthatch. [727d.] Sitta carolinensis lagune BrewstTER, Auk, VIII, April, 1891, 149. (Sepa- rates publ. Feb. 17.) (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California.) RanGeE.— Breeds in Transition Zone of the Cape Region of Lower California. Sitta canadénsis Linnxus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. [728.] Sitta canadensis LINNEHUs, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 177. (Canada.) RanGE.— North America. Breeds in Canadian Zone from the upper Yukon Valley, southern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to northern Minnesota, Michigan, and Massachusetts, and south in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains to California, Arizona, and New Mexico, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; also on Guadalupe Island, Lower California; winters from southern Canada south to Lower California, New Mexico, Arizona, and the Gulf coast. Sitta pusilla LarHam. Brown-headed Nuthatch. [729.] Sitta pusilla LarHam, Index Orn., I, 1790, 263. (Carolina.) RaNGE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian Zone from southern Missouri and southern Delaware south to eastern Texas and southern Florida; casual in southern Michigan, Ohio, New York, and the Bahamas. Sitta pygme#a VIGORs. Rance.— Western North America from southern British Columbia south (in mountains) to Lower California and Mexico. a. Sitta pygmea pygmea Vicors. Pygmy Nuthatch. [730.] Sitta pygmea Viaors, in Zool. Beechey’s Voy., 1839, 25, pl. 4. (Monterey, California. ) ORDER PASSERES. 347 RanGe.— Western United States and Mexico. Breeds in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia, Montana, and southeastern Wyoming to Jalisco, Michoacan, Puebla, and Vera Cruz, Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains (Colorado and eastern New Mexico); casual in South Dakota and Nebraska. b. Sitta pygmeea leuconticha ANTHONY. White-naped Nuthatch. [730a.] Sitta pygmea leuconucha ANTHONY, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, IT, Oct. 11, 1889, 77. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.) Ranace.— Breeds in Transition Zone from San Diego County, California, south to San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Famity PARIDA. Tirmice. GENUS BHOLOPHUS Casanis. Beolophus CaBanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, 91. Type, by monotypy, Parus bicolor LiNNEUS. Bezoloéphus bicolor (Linnxus). Tufted Titmouse. [731.] Parus bicolor Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 340. (Carolina.) RanGeE.— Carolinian and Austroriparian zones of eastern United States from Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey south to central Texas, the Gulf coast, and Florida; casual in southern parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and Connecticut. Beolophus atricristatus (CassIn). RANGE.— Central and southern Texas south in eastern Mexico to Vera Cruz. a Beolophus atricristatus atricristatus (Cassin). Black-crested Titmouse. [732.] Parus atricristatus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., V, 1850, 103, pl. 2. (Rio Grande, Texas.) Rancr.— Lower Sonoran and Arid Tropical zones from the Rio Grande Valley south through eastern Mexico to Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and northern Vera Cruz. 348 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Beolophus atricristatus sénnetti Ripcway. Sennett’s Titmouse. [732a.] Beolophus atricristatus sennetti Ripaway, Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus., No. 50, Pt. 3, 1904, 386. (Leon Springs, Bexar Co., Texas.) RaNGE.— Lower Sonoran Zone of central Texas, from Tom Green and Concho counties east to the Brazos River, and from Young County south to Nueces and Bee counties. Beolophus inornétus (GAMBEL). RanceE.— Arid districts of western United States south to Lower California and the northern border of Mexico. a. Beolophus inornatus inornatus (GAMBEL). Plain Titmouse. [733.] Parus inornatus GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 265. (“Upper California.” “First discovered near Monterey.’’) Rance.— California west of the Sierra Nevada. Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from Mendocino and Siskiyou counties to northern Lower California. b. Besolophus inornatus griseus (Ripaway). Gray Titmouse. [733a.] Lophophanes inornatus griseus Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 344. (Iron City, Iron Co., Utah.) RanGe.— Mountains of the arid interior of western United States. Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone from Nevada, Utah, and central Colorado to south- eastern California, southern Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and western Texas. c. Beolophus inornatus cinerdceus (Ripaway). Ashy Titmouse. [733b.] Lophophanes inornatus cineraceus Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 154. (Laguna, Lower California.) Rance.— Breeds in Upper Sonoran Zone of the Cape Region of Lower California. Beolophus wollweberi (BoNAPARTE). Bridled Titmouse. [734.] Lophophanes wellwebert BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XX XI, 1850, 478. (Zacatecas, Mexico.) Rance.— Breeds mainly in Upper Sonoran Zone of mountains of southern Arizona and southern New Mexico and south through Mexico to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz. ORDER PASSERES. 349 GENUS PENTHESTES REICHENBACH. Penthestes REICHENBACH, Avium Syst. Nat., 1850, pl. Ixii. Type, by orig. desig., Parus lugubris TEMMINCK. Penthéstes atricapillus (LINN&Us). Rance.— North America from tree limit to about the middle of the United States. a. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus (LinNmus). Chickadee. [735.] Parus atricapillus Linn xus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 341. (Canada.) RanGe.— Canadian and Transition zones of eastern North America from southeastern Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to central Missouri, Illinois, northern Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, northern New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies south to North Carolina; somewhat further south in winter. b. Penthestes atricapillus septentriondlis (Harris). Long-tailed Chickadee. [735a.] Parus septentrionalis Harris, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 300. (Yellowstone River, about 30 miles ‘“‘below’’ [ = above] its Junction with the Missouri, Montana.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transi- tion zones from Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, central Mackenzie, and southwest- ern Keewatin south to northern New Mexico and eastern Kansas, and from eastern Oregon east to western Minnesota and western Iowa; south in winter to central Texas. c. Penthestes atricapillus occidentalis (Barirp). Oregon Chickadee. [735b.] Parus occidentalis Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 391. (Shoalwater Bay, Washington.) RaNGE.— Transition Zone of Northwest coast from British Columbia to Oregon. d. Penthestes atricapillus tarneri (Ripcway). Yukon Chickadee. [735c.] Parus atricapillus turnert Ripaway, Proe. Biol. Soe. Wash., IT, April 10, 1884, 89. (St. Michael, Alaska.) Rance.— Breeds in Hudsonian Zone of northern Alaska north and west of Cook Inlet. 350 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Penthestes carolinénsis (AUDUBON). RANGE.— Southeastern United States west to eastern Texas. a. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis (AUDUBON). Carolina Chickadee. [736.] Parus carolinensis AupuBon, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 341. (Near New Orleans, La., or Charleston, 8. C.) RanGe.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Carolinian and Austro- riparian zones from central Missouri, Indiana, central Ohio, Pennsylvania (sparingly), and central New Jersey, south to southeastern Louisiana, the Gulf coast, and northern Florida. b. Penthestes carolinensis agilis (SENNETT). Plumbeous Chickadee. [736a.] Parus carolinensis agilis SpENNeTT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 46. (Bee Co., Texas.) Rance.— Western part of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Breeds in Lower Austral Zone from northern Oklahoma to Refugio and Kendall counties, Texas, and east to northwestern Louisiana. c. Penthestes carolinensis impiger (Banas). Florida Chickadee. [736b.] Parus carolinensis impiger Banas, Proc. N. Engl. Zoédl. Club, IV, March 16, 1903, 1. (Deep Creek, about 3 miles from Lake Ashby, Florida.) RanGce.— East central Florida. Penthestes sclateri (KLEINSCHMIDT). Mexican Chickadee. [737.] Parus sclateri KLEINSCHMIDT, Journ. fiir Orn., 1897, 92 (note). (El Jacale, eastern Mexico.) RanGE.— Canadian and Transition zones in mountains of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico east to Coahuila and south to Michoacan and Oaxaca, Mexico. Penthestes gambeli (Ripaway). Rance.— Mountains of western North America from central British Columbia to Lower California. a. Penthestes gambeli gambeli (RIpGway). Mountain Chickadee. [738.] Parus gambeli Ripaway, in A. O. U. Check-List, 1886, 335. (About one day’s journey west of Santa Fé, New Mexico.) Ranee.— Canadian and Transition zones in mountains from central British Columbia, west central Alberta, and east central Montana south to the southern Sierra Nevada in California and mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. ORDER PASSERES. Sail b. Penthestes gambeli baileye (GRINNELL). Bailey’s Mountain Chickadee. [738a.] Parus gambeli baileye GRINNELL, Condor, X, 1908, 29. (Mount Wilson, at 5500 feet, Los Angeles Co., California.) Rance.— Mountains of Great Basin region and northern Lower California, Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from the Maury Mountains, Ore- gon, south over Nevada and eastern California to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. Penthestes cinctus (BopDAERT). RanGE.— Siberia from the Yenesei River eastward to Alaska and Anderson River, Mackenzie. a. [Penthestes cinctus cinctus. Extralimital.] b. Penthestes cinctus alascénsis (PRAzAK). Alaska Chickadee. [739.] Pecila cincta alascensis Prazkx, Orn. Jahrbuch, VI, 1895, 92. (Alaska.) RanGE.— Shores of Okhotsk Sea, Siberia, and northern Alaska (St. Michael and Kowak River), and east to northwestern Mackenzie (Anderson River) in Hudsonian Zone. Penthestes hudsénicus (ForsTER). RanGE.— Northern North America, breeding almost wholly north of the United States. a. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus (J. R. Forster). Hudsonian Chick- adee. [740.] Parus hudsonicus Forster, Philos. Trans., LXII, 1772, 383, 430. (Sev- ern River, west coast of Hudson Bay, Canada.) Rance.— Northern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and Canadian zones from Kowak Valley, Alaska, and tree limit in central Mackenzie and central Keewatin south to southern British Columbia, central Alberta (cas- ually Montana), northern Manitoba, central Ontario, and Ungava; south in winter casually to northern Illinois. b. Penthestes hudsonicus littordlis (H. Bryant). Acadian Chickadee. [740a.] Parus hudsonicus, var. littoralis BRYANT, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., [X, 1865, 368. (Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.) aoe CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RancE.— Northeastern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northern Quebec and Newfoundland south to the Adirondacks of New York and mountains of northern Vermont and central New Hampshire; migrating casually to Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Penthestes ruféscens (TOWNSEND). Rance.— Pacific coast region of North America from Prince William Sound, Alaska, south to Monterey Bay, California. a. Penthestes rufescens rufescens (J. K. Townsmnp). Chestnut-backed Chickadee. [741.] Parus rufescens TOwNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 190. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) RanceE.— Pacific coast in Canadian and humid Transition zones from Prince William Sound, Alaska, to Sonoma County, California, and east to western Montana. b. Penthestes rufescens negléctus (Ripcway). California Chickadee. [741a.] Parus rufescens B. neglectus Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., I, 1879, 485. (Nicasio, Marin Co., California.) RaNGE.— Coast of middle California in the humid Transition Zone of Sonoma and Marin counties. c. Penthestes rufescens barlowi (GRINNELL). Barlow’s Chickadee. [741b.] Parus rufescens barlowi GRiINNELL, Condor, II, Nov. 16, 1900, 127. (Stevens Creek Cafion, Santa Clara Co., California.) Rance.— Coast of middle California in Transition Zone from San Francisco Bay to a little south of Monterey Bay. GENUS PSALTRIPARUS BonaPaARTE. Psaltriparus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XXXI, 1850, 478. Type, by monotypy, Psaltriparus personatus BONAPARTE = Parus melanotis HARTLAUB. Psaltripdrus minimus (TowNSEND). Rance.— Pacific coast of North America from southern British Columbia to the Cape Region of Lower California, and eastward to interior of Oregon and California. ORDER PASSERES. 353 a. Psaltriparus minimus minimus (J. K. Townsenp). Bush-Tit. [743.] Parus minimus TownsEnD, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 190. (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) Rance.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of the Pacific coast from southern British Columbia and northern Washington to northern Lower California. b. Psaltriparus minimus californicus Rincway. California Bush-Tit. [743a.] Psaltriparus minimus californicus Ripaway, Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, April 10, 1884, 89. (Baird, Shasta Co., California.) RanGeE.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of Oregon and California (except coast strip) from northeastern Oregon to southern California. c. Psaltriparus minimus grinde Ripaway. Grinda’s Bush-Tit. [743b.] Psaltriparus grinde Ripeway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, 155. (Laguna, Lower California.) RanGE.— Cape Region of Lower California in Upper Sonoran Zone. Psaltriparus plimbeus (Bairp). Lead-colored Bush-Tit. [744.] Psaltria plumbea Bairp, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., WII, 1854, 118. (Little Colorado River, near Long. 111° W., Arizona.) RancGEe.— Transition and Upper Sonoran zones of the arid interior from eastern Oregon and western Wyoming south to southeastern California, northern Sonora, and western Texas, and from western Nevada to central Colorado. Psaltriparus melanétis (HARTLAUB). RanGE.— Southern border of western United States, Mexico, and Guatemala. a. [Psaltriparus melanotis melanotis. Extralimital.] b. Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi Sennerr. Lloyd’s Bush-Tit. [745.] Psaltriparus lloydi SeNNETT, Auk, V, Jan., 1888, 43. (Limpia Cafion, near Fort Davis, Jeff Davis Co., Texas.) RancE.— Mountains of southeastern desert region, mainly in Upper Son- oran Zone, in southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and western Texas (mountains between Pecos River and Rio Grande) south into Sonora and Chihuahua. 354 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ms Genus AURIPARUS Bairp. Auriparus Bairp, Review Amer. Birds, Aug., 1864, 85. Type, by orig. desig., Aigithalus flaviceps SUNDEVALL. Auriparus flaviceps (SUNDEVALL). RanGE.— Desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico. a. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (“SUNDEVALL). Verdin. [746.] Agithalus flaviceps SUNDEVALL, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh., VII, 1850, 129 (note). (California.) RaNGE.— Sonoran deserts of southwestern United States and Mexico from southern California, southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Texas south to northern Lower California, north- ern Sonora, Durango, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas. b. Auriparus flaviceps lamprocéphalus OpERHOLSER. Cape Verdin. [746a.] Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus OBERHOLSER, Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, 391. (Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) Rance.— Lower Sonoran Zone in the southern half of Lower California south of latitude 29° 30’ (Yubay) and southwestern Sonora. Famity CHAMAIDA. Wren-Tits. GENUS CHAMZA GAMBEL. Chamea GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1847, 154. Type, by orig. desig., Parus fasciatus GAMBEL. Chaméa fascidta (GAMBEL). RancE.— Pacific coast from Oregon south to northern Lower California and east to interior of California. a. Chamea fasciata fasciata (GAMBEL). Wren-Tit. [742.] Parus fasciatus GAMBEL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1845, 265. (California.) Ranae.— Upper Sonoran Zone on the eastern and southern shores of San Francisco Bay and adjacent Santa Clara Valley. ORDER PASSERES. 355 b. Chamea fasciata hénshawi Ringway. Pallid Wren-Tit. [742a.] Chamea fasciata henshawi Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 13. (Walker Basin, between Kernville and Caliente, California.) Rance.— Upper Sonoran Zone of foothills and valleys of interior and southern California from Shasta County south to northern Lower California, and along the coast from Monterey Bay southward. c. Chamea fasciata phéa Oscoop. Coast Wren-Tit. [742b.] Chamea fasciata phea Oscoon, Proce. Biol. Soc. Wash., XIII, May 29, 1899, 42. (Newport, Yaquina Bay, Oregon.) Rance.— Humid Transition Zone of Pacific coast of Oregon and northern California (from Columbia River to Humboldt Bay). d. Chamea fasciata rafula Ripaway. Ruddy Wren-Tit. [742c.] Chamea fasciata rufula Ripaway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVI, Sept. 30, 1903, 109. (Nicasio, Marin Co., California.) Rance.— Humid Transition coast strip of California from southern Hum- boldt County south to Santa Cruz. Famity SYLVIIDZ. Warpiers, KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS. SuBFAMILY SYLVIINAS. Warps.Lers. GENUS ACANTHOPNEUSTE J. H. Buasrvs. Acanthopneuste Buasius, Naumannia, 1858, 313. Type, by subs. desig., Phyllopneuste borealis Buastus (Ridgway, 1904). Acanthopnetiste borealis (Buasius). Kennicott’s Willow Warbler. [747.] Phyllopneuste borealis Buasrus, Naumannia, 1858, 313. (Sea of Okb- otsk, Lat. 59° 38’ N., Long. 147° 30’ E.) RancE.— Western Alaska. Breeds from Kowak River to Nusha- gak River; winters south to southeastern Asia. 356 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. SuspramMity REGULINZE. KInG.Lets. Genus REGULUS Cuvier. Regulus Cuvier, Legons Anat. Comp., I, 1800, table ii. Type, by mono- typy, “Les Roitelets’”’ = Motacilla regulus Linnxus. Régulus sdtrapa LicHTENSTEIN. RancEe.— Northern North America, breeding mainly (except in mountains) north of the United States; south in winter to the Gulf coast and highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. a. Regulus satrapa satrapa LicHTENSTEIN. Golden-crowned Kinglet. ([748.] Regulus satrapa LicHTENSTEIN, Verz. Doubl., 1823, 35. (North America.) RancE.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from northern Alberta, southern Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Cape Breton Island south in Rocky Mountains to northern Arizona and New Mexico, and to Michigan, New York, and mountains of Massachusetts, and in the higher Alleghenies south to North Carolina; winters from Iowa (casually Minnesota), Ontario, and New Brunswick to northern Florida and Tamaulipas, northeastern Mexico. b. Regulus satrapa olivaceus Barrp. Western Golden-crowned Kinglet. [748a.] Regulus satrapa var. olivaceus Batrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 65. (Simiahmoo, Washington.) Ranae.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from Kadiak Island and Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, south through eastern Oregon to San Jacinto Mountains, California; winters from British Columbia (casually Alaska) to the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala. Regulus caléndula (Linnxvs). RanGE.— Northern North America, breeding north of the United States and in mountains south to New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, and Guadalupe Island, Lower California; south in winter to the tableland of Mexico and Guatemala. a. Regulus calendula calendula (LInNmus). Ruby-crowned Kinglet. [749.] Motacilla calendula Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 337. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) ORDER PASSERES. 357 Ranee.— Northern North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from north- western Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, and west central Ungava south in mountains to southern California, southern Arizona, central New Mexico, northern Ontario, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (casually Maine); winters from southern British Columbia, lowa, and Virginia (casually further north) south over the United States and the Mexican tableland to Guatemala; accidental in Greenland. b. Regulus calendula grinnélli W. Parmer. Sitka Kinglet. [749a.] Regulus calendula grinnelli PatmEr, Auk, XIV, Oct., 1897, 399. (Sitka, Alaska.) Ranae.— Pacific coast. Breeds from Prince William Sound and Skagway, Alaska, to British Columbia; winters south to middle California. c. Regulus calendula obscirus Rinacway. Dusky Kinglet. [749b.] Regulus calendula obscurus Ripaway, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., I, No. 2, 1876, 184. (Guadalupe Island, Lower California.) Ranee.— Guadalupe Island, Lower California. SusFAMILy POLIOPTILINAS. GNATCATCHERS. GENUS POLIOPTILA ScLATER. Poltoptila Scuater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, 11. Type, by orig. desig., Motacilla cerulea LINN&ZUS. Poliéptila cerilea (LINN us). RanGE.— Southern United States and Mexico. a. Polioptila cerulea cerulea (LinNus). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. [751.] Motacilla carulea LinNasus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 337. (Near Philadelphia, Pa.) Ranae.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in Austroriparian and Carolinian zones from eastern Nebraska and southern parts of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario, and southwestern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and southern New Jersey south to southern Texas and central Florida; winters from southern Texas, Gulf States, and northern Florida to the Bahamas and Cuba and through eastern Mexico to Yucatan and Guatemala; casual north- ward to southeastern Minnesota, New England, and New York. 358 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. b. Polioptila cerulea obscira Ripaway. Western Gnatcatcher. [75la.] Polioptila cerulea obscura Ripaway, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., V, 1883, 535 (note). (San José del Cabo, Lower California.) RancE.— Western United States and Mexico. Breeds in Upper and Lower Sonoran zones from Siskiyou County, California, southern Nevada, southern Utah, and Colorado south to the Cape Region of Lower California, and on the tableland of Mexico to Guanajuato, and east to Pecos River, Texas; winters from southern California and southern Arizona south to Cape San Lucas, Colima, Morelos, and Puebla. Polioptila pliambea (Barrp). Plumbeous Gnatcaicher. [752.] Culicivora plumbea Batrp, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, 118. (Bill Williams Fork [Big Sandy River, Lat. 34° 32’ N., Long. 113° 30’ W.], Arizona.) RancE.— Lower Sonoran Zone from southeastern California, southern Nevada, central Arizona, west central New Mexico, and the Rio Grande Valley south to Cape San Lucas, Sonora, Nuevo Leon, and ‘Tamaulipas. Polioptila californica Brewster. Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. [753.] Polioptila californica Brewster, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, VI, April, 1881, 103. (Riverside, San Bernardino Co., California.) RanGEe.— Southern and Lower California. Breeds mainly in Upper Sonoran Zone from Ventura County south in Lower California to San Fernando; in winter to Espiritu Santo Island; casual east to Fort Yuma. Famity TURDIDA. 'THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, STONECHATS, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. SuBFAMILY MYADESTINZA. So.iratrres. GENUS MYADESTES Swainson. Myadestes Swatnson, Nat. Libr., XIII, Flycatchers, 1838, 132. Type. by monotypy, Myadestes genibarbis SwWAINnson. ORDER PASSERES. ‘bundudag 359 Myadéstes townsendi (AupUBON). Townsend’s Solitaire. [754.] Ptilogony’s townsendi Aupupon, Birds Amer. (folio), IV, 1838, pl. 419, fig. 2. (Near Fort George, Columbia River = near Astoria, Oregon.) RancE.— Western North America. Breeds in Boreal zones from east central Alaska, southwestern Mackenzie, and western Alberta south through the Sierra Nevada to the San Bernardino Mountains, California, and through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico; reported breeding in Transition Zone in mountains of Durango, Zacatecas, and Coahuila, Mexico; winters from southern British Columbia and Montana southward, straggling to central Texas, Kansas, and Illinois; accidental in New York. SuspramMity TURDINAS. TurvusHes. GENUS HYLOCICHLA Barrp. Hylocichla Batrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 12, 13. Type, by orig: desig., Turdus mustelinus GMELIN. Hylocichla mustelina (GMELIN). Wood Thrush. [755.] Turdus mustelinus GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 817. (New York.) RANGE. — Eastern North America. Breeds in Transition and Austral zones from southern South Dakota, central Minnesota, central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, and southern New Hampshire south to eastern Texas, Louisiana, and northern Florida; winters from Puebla, southern Mexico, to Nicaragua and Costa Rica; casual in migration in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Jamaica; accidental in Colorado, Maine, and Bermuda. Hylocichla fuscéscens (STEPHENS). RaNGE.— Southern Canada and northern United States; in winter northern South America to Brazil. a. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens (SruPHENS). Veery. [756.] Turdus fuscescens STEPHENS, General Zoology, X, i, 1817, 182. (Penn- sylvania.) a - \ Wr aw! AL 360 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Rance.— Eastern North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Alleghenian zones from northern Michigan, central Ontario, Anticosti, and Newfoundland south to northern Illinois, northern Indiana, northern Ohio, and northern New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina and northern Georgia; migrates through Yucatan and Central America; winters in Colombia, British Guiana, and Brazil. b. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Rinacway. Willow Thrush. [756a.] Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, 374. (Fort Garland, Colorado.) RancEe.— Western North America and northern South America. Breeds in lower Canadian and Transition zones from southern British Columbia, cen- tral Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and southern Manitoba south to central Oregon, Nevada, Utah, northern New Mexico, and central Iowa; winters in South America to Brazil; eastward in migration to Wisconsin, Illinois, In- diana, and Mississippi. Hylocichla alicia (Barrp). RaneE.— Northern North America, breeding mainly north of the United States; northern South America in winter. a. Hylocichla alicie alicie (Barrp). Gray-cheeked Thrush. [757.] Turdus alicie Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac., IX, 1858, 217. (West Northfield, Illinois.) RancGe.— North America and northern South America. Breeds in Hud- sonian Zone in a narrow belt just south of tree limit from northeastern Siberia, through northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, and central Keewatin to central Ungava, and in Newfoundland; migrates along the east coast of Central America and winters in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and British Guiana; west in migration to Montana, Kansas, and Texas; acci- dental in Cuba, Greenland, and Helgoland. b. Hylocichla alicie bicknelli Ringway. Bicknell’s Thrush. [757a.] Hylocichla alicia bicknelli Ripeway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., IV, 1882, 377. (Summit of Slide Mountain, Catskills, Ulster Co., New York.) Rance.— Eastern North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and upper Canadian zones in Nova Scotia, mountains of northern New England, the Catskills and Adirondacks of New York, and probably mountains of western Massachusetts; migrates through southeastern United States and the Baha- mas; winters in Haiti and probably northern South America. ORDER PASSERES. | wyaidal 361 Hylocichla ustulata (NUTTALL). RancE.— North America, breeding mainly (except in mountains) north of the United States; in winter southern Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. a. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata (NurTaLL). Russet-backed Thrush. [758.] Turdus ustulatus Nuttauu, Manual Orn., Land Birds, ed. 2, 1840, 400 (and errata, p. vi). (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington.) Rance.— Pacific coast of North America to northern South America. Breeds in Canadian, Transition, and possibly Upper Austral zones from Juneau, Alaska, to San Diego County, California; winters from Vera Cruz, Guatemala, and Costa Rica to eastern Ecuador and British Guiana. b. Hylocichla ustulata swainsoni (Tscuup1). Olive-backed Thrush. [758a.] Turdus swainsoni TscHup1I, Fauna Peruana, 1845-46, Orn., 28. (New Jersey.) Rance.— North and South America. Breeds in lower Hudsonian and Canadian zones from northwestern Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, eastern Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, northern Michigan, New York, and in mountains from Massachusetts to Pennsylvania and West Virginia; winters from southern Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argen- tina; casual in Cuba and Bermuda. Hylocichla guttadta (PALuas). RancEe.— Northern North America and mountains of western United States; in winter southern United States, Cuba, and Mexico to tableland of Guatemala. a. Hylocichla guttata guttata (Pattas). Alaska Hermit Thrush. [759.] Muscicapa guttata Patuas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1826 (1811), 465. (Kadiak Island, Alaska.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Hudsonian Zone from south central Alaska (Mt. McKinley) south to Kadiak Island and Cross Sound; winters south to Lower California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas; in migration east to eastern Oregon, Nevada, and New Mexico. 362 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. pee GL b. Hylocichla guttata aiduboni (Barrp). Audubon’s Hermit Thrush. [759a.] Turdus auduboni Batrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 16. (Fort Bridger, Wyoming.) Rance.— Rocky Mountain region. Breeds in Canadian and upper Tran- sition zones from British Columbia and Montana south to Nevada (Toyabe Mountains), Arizona, and New Mexico; winters in western and central Texas and south over the Mexican tableland to Guatemala. c. Hylocichla guttata pdllasi (CaABanis). Hermit Thrush. [759b.] Turdus pallasii Capanis, Archiv fiir Naturg., 1847, i, 205. (Southern or southeastern United States.) Ranee.— Northern and eastern North America. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from southern Yukon, southwestern Mackenzie, south- western Keewatin, and northern Quebec south to central Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, central Minnesota, northern Michigan, Ontario, Massachu- setts, Connecticut, Long Island (locally), and mountains of Pennsylvania and Maryland; winters from Massachusetts (locally) and the lower Delaware and Ohio valleys to Texas, Florida, and Cuba; occasional in Bermuda; accidental in Greenland and Europe. d. Hylocichla guttata ndnus (AupuBoNn). Dwarf Hermit Thrush. [759c.] Turdus nanus AupuBoN, Orn. Biog., V, 1839, 201. (‘Valleys of the Columbia River.’’) RaNnGE.— Pacific coast. Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones from Cross Sound, Alaska, south to the coast region of southern British Columbia; winters south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. e. Hylocichla guttata slévini GRINNELL. Monterey Hermit Thrush. [759d.] Hylocichla aonalaschke slevini GRINNELL, Auk, XVIII, July, 1901, 258. (Near Point Sur, Monterey Co., California.) RanGE.— Breeds in Transition Zone of the coast belt in California from northern Trinity County to southern Monterey County; south in migration to Lower California and Sonora. f. Hylocichla guttata sequoiénsis (BreLpinG). Sierra Hermit Thrush. [759e.] Turdus sequoiensis BELDING, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, II, 1889, 18. (Big Trees, Calaveras Co., California.) Rance.— Breeds in Boreal zones from southern British Columbia to high mountains of southern California; south in migration and in winter to Lower California, western Texas, and northern Mexico. a ORDER PASSERES. mA dd 363 [Genus TURDUS Linnus. Turdus Linn mvs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 168. Type, by subs. desig., Turdus viscivorus LINNUsS (Gray, 1840). Tuirdus muisicus LiNNus. Red-winged Thrush. [760.| Turdus musicus Linnuus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 169. (Sweden.) RancGe.— Europe and Asia. Breeds in the northern countries; winters from the British Isles and southern Europe to India and Persia; accidental in Greenland.] GENUS PLANESTICUS Bonaparte. Planesticus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XX XVIII, 1854, 3. Type, by subs. desig., Turdus lereboulleti BONAPARTE = Turdus jamaicensis GMELIN (Baird, 1864). Planésticus migratérius (LINN &XUs). RancE.— North America, breeding from tree limit south to north- ern part of the Gulf States and Mexican tableland. a. Planesticus migratorius migratorius (LINN&%uUs). Robin. [761.] Turdus migratorius Linn«us, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 292. (Caro- lina to Canada.) Rance.— North America. Breeds in Boreal, Transition, and Upper Austral zones from limit of trees in northwestern Alaska, northern Mackenzie, central Keewatin, northern Ungava, and Newfoundland south to Cook Inlet, Alaska, central Alberta, southeastern Wyoming, Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and in the Alleghenies to North Carolina; winters from central Kansas, Ohio Valley, and New Jersey (irregularly further north) to the Gulf coast and Florida, and to Nuevo Leon, Mexico; accidental in Bermuda and Cuba. b. Planesticus migratorius propinquus (Rincway). Western Robin. [76la.] Turdus propinquus Ripaway, Bull. Nuttall Orn. Club, IT, Jan., 1877, 9. (Laramie Peak, Wyoming.) 364 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. RaNnGE.— Western North America. Breeds mainly in Canadian and Transition zones from southeastern Alaska, southern British Columbia, and central Montana south to southern California, Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz, and from the Pacific coast east to the border of the Great Plains; winters from southern British Columbia and Wyoming south to the highlands of Guatemala. c. Planesticus migratorius achrustérus (BaTcHELDER). Southern Robin. [761b.] Merula migratoria achrustera BATCHELDER, Proc. N. Engl. Zodél. Club, I, 1900, 104. (Raleigh, N. C.) RaNGE.— Southeastern United States. Breeds in southern part of Caro- linian Zone from southern Illinois and Maryland to northern Mississippi, northern Georgia, and South Carolina. Planesticus confinis (BarRD). San Lucas Robin. [762.] Turdus confinis Barrp, Review Amer. Birds, 1864, 29. (Todos Santos, Cape San Lucas, Lower California.) Rance.— Breeds in Transition zone of mountains in the Cape Region, Lower California. GENUS IXOREUS BonaPaRTE. Ixoreus BONAPARTE, Comptes Rendus, XX XVIII, Jan., 1854, 3 (note). Type, by orig. desig., Turdus nevius GMELIN. - Ixéreus névius (GMELIN). RanGcE.— Western North America. a. Ixoreus nevius nevius (GMELIN). Varied Thrush. [763.] Turdus nevius GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 817. (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C.) RanGE.— Pacific Coast. Breeds in Canadian and upper Transition zones from Yakutat Bay, Alaska, south to Humboldt County, California; winters from extreme southern Alaska south to Colorado River in southern California; accidental in Kansas, New Jersey, New York, Massachusetts, Quebec, and Guadalupe Island. ORDER PASSERES. | wddis 365 b. Ixoreus nevius meruloides (Swainson). Northern Varied Thrush. (763a.] Orpheus meruloides Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., IT, 1831 (1832), 187, pl. 38. (Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake, Mackenzie.) Rance.— Western North America. Breeds in Hudsonian and upper Canadian zones from the Yukon Delta, Kowak Valley, and Mackenzie Delta south to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and southern part of Mackenzie Valley, and south in mountains through eastern British Columbia to northwestern Montana and northeastern Oregon; winters mainly in the interior of Cali- fornia south to Los Angeles County. [Genus CYANOSYLVIA Breum. Cyano-sylvia BreuM, Isis, X XI, 1828, 920. Type, by monotypy, Mota- cilla suecica LINN&US. Cyanosylvia suécica (LINN&XUs). Rance.— Northern parts of Europe and Asia. Breeds within the Arctic Circle from the Scandinavian Peninsula to Siberia and south- ward in the higher parts of central Asia; winters in Abyssinia and southern Asia; casual in western Alaska. a. ([Cyanosylvia suecica suecica. Extralimital.] b. Cyanosylvia suecica robista (BururRLIN). Siberian Red-spotted Blue- throat. [764.] Cyanecula suecica robusta Buturuin, Orn. Monatsber., XV, 1907, 79. (Kolyma Delta, Siberia.) RancGe.— Siberia, breeding from the Tunguska Valley eastward, and south to China in winter; casual in western Alaska.] GENUS SAXICOLA BEcHSTEIN. Sazicola Becustein, Orn. Taschenb. Deutschl., I, 1802, 216. Type, by subs. desig., Motacilla enanthe LINN&us (Gray, 1841). Saxicola cndnthe (LINN&Uus). RancE.— Northern Europe and Asia, Alaska, Greenland, and northeastern Arctic America; south in winter to Africa and southern Asia. 366 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. a. Saxicola cnanthe cnanthe (Linnuus). Wheatear. [765.] Motacilla enanthe LinNmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 186. (Sweden.) Rancae.— Northern part of Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from British Isles, Scandinavian Peninsula, central Europe, and high mountains of southern Europe east to northern and east central Alaska, south to mouth of the Yukon and the Pribilof Islands; winters southward to India and eastern Africa. b. Saxicola cenanthe leucérhoa (GMELIN). Greenland Wheatear. [765a.] Motacilla leucorhoa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, ii, 1789, 966. (Senegal.) Rance.— Northeastern Arctic America. Breedsin Arctic Zone from Elles- mere Land and Boothia Peninsula east to Greenland and Iceland, and south to northern Ungava; winters in West Africa, migrating through the British Isles and France; casual in migration to Keewatin, Ontario, New Brunswick, Quebec, New York, Bermuda, Louisiana, and Cuba. GeNus SIALIA Swalrnson. Sialia Swatnson, Philos. Mag., N. S8., I, May, 1827, 369. Type, by monotypy, Sialia azurea Swainson = Motacilla sialis LInN=vs. Sidlia sialis (LINN&XUs). RaNnGcE.— Temperate eastern North America, west to the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains and Arizona and south to the highlands of Guatemala. a. Sialia sialis sialis (LINNewus). Bluebird. [766.] - Motacilla sialis Linnxvus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 187. (Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland.) Ranee.— Eastern North America. Breeds from lower Canadian to Lower Austral zone from southern Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec, and Newfoundland south to southern Texas, the Gulf coast, and southern Florida; casually west to base of the Rocky Mountains in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado; winters most commonly south of the Ohio Valley and the Middle States; resident in Bermuda; accidental in Cuba. b. Sialia sialis filva Brewster. Azure Bluebird. [766a.] Sialia sialis fulua Brewster, Auk, IJ, Jan., 1885, 85. (Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.) RanGE.— Southern Arizona and Mexico. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from the mountains of southern Arizona south to Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Vera Cruz; winters south to northern Guatemala. ORDER PASSERES. ! urdidac 367 Sialia mexicdna SWAINSON. Rance.— Western North America from British Columbia south to the highlands of Mexico. a. ([Sialia mexicana mexicana. Extralimital.] b. Sialia mexicana occidentalis J. K.Townsenp. Western Bluebird. [767.] Sialia occidentalis TOWNSEND, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, ii, 1837, 188. (Plains of the Columbia River.) Rance.— Pacific coast. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from southern British Columbia east to northern Idaho and western Montana, and south to the San Jacinto Mountains, southern California; winters south to the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California. c. Sialia mexicana bairdi Ringway. Chestnut-backed Bluebird. [767a.] Sialia mexicana bairdt Ripaway, Auk, XI, April, 1894, 151, 157. (Cac- tus Pass, 20 miles east of Kingman, Mojave Co., Arizona.) Rance.— Southern Rocky Mountain region. Breeds mainly in Transi- tion Zone from Utah, Colorado, and western Texas south to Durango and Zacatecas; winters from southern Utah and southern Colorado south to Sonora and Zacatecas; accidental in Iowa. d. Sialia mexicana anabéle ANnTHoNny. San Pedro Bluebird. [7675.] Sialia mexicana anabele ANTHONY, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, IT, Oct., 1889, 79. (San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California.) Rance.— Mountains of southern California and northern Lower California. Breeds mainly in Transition Zone from the mountains of southern Los Angeles County to the San Pedro Martir Mountains. Sialia currucoides (BECHSTEIN). Mountain Bluebird. [768.] Motacilla s. Sylvia currucoides BECHSTEIN, in LaTHAM, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, III, ii, 1798, 546, pl. 121. (‘‘ Virginien.’’) RanceE.— Western North America. Breeds in Canadian and locally in upper Transition Zone from southern Yukon, northwestern British Columbia, central Alberta, central Saskatchewan, and south- western Manitoba south to mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and Chihuahua, and from the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada to south- western North Dakota and western Nebraska; winters from Cali- fornia and Colorado south to Guadalupe Island, Lower California, and Sonora, and east to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas; casual at Great Slave Lake; accidental at Fort Franklin, Great Bear Lake. ; ar ee) ve ea) 22 i i ion veoh t ae Git Ae ; HYPOTHETICAL LIST.’ Famity ALCIDZA. Cépphus motzfeldi (BENICKEN). Black-winged Guillemot. [2.] Uria motzfeldi BENIcKEN, Isis, XV, 1824, 889. (Greenland Seas.) North American, but its specific validity not satisfactorily estab- lished. (Cf. SresnecEr, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, 210; Water Birds N. A., II, 1884, 497, 498). Famity LARIDZ. Genus CREAGRUS Bonaparte. Creagrus BONAPARTE, Naumannia, 1854, 213. Type, by orig. desig., Larus furcatus NEBOUX. Cre4grus furcétus (NEBoUX). Swallow-tailed Gull. [4.] Larus furcatus Nesoux, Zool. Voy. Venus, Atlas, 1842, pl. 10. (‘“‘Mon- terey,”’ California.) In all probability erroneously accredited to North America. 1 Consisting of species which have been recorded as North American, but whose status as North American birds is doubtful, either from lack of positive evidence of their occur- rence within the prescribed limits of the present Check-List, or from absence of satis- factory proof of their validity as species. 370 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity DIOMEDEIDS. Diomedéa éxulans LiInn®us. Wandering Albatross. [4.1.] Diomedea exulans Linnxus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 132. (Cape of Good Hope region.) The North American records are unsatisfactory. Famity PROCELLARIID&. Piffinus kihli (BorE). Cinereous Shearwater. [5.] Procellaria kuhlii Born, Isis, XXVIII, 1835, 257. (Coast of Corsica.) An Eastern Atlantic species, of which no American specimens are known to exist in collections. Oceanédroma hérnbyi (Gray). Hornby’s Petrel. [6.] Thalassidroma hornbyi Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853 (1854), 62. (‘‘ North-west coast of America.’’) A very distinct species, of which only one specimen has been ob- tained, the alleged locality being the ‘‘north-west coast of America.” Famity ANATIDZE. Anas rabripes tristis BREwsTER. Red-legged Black duck. Anas rubripes tristis BrREwstER, Auk, X XVI, April, 1909, 176. As the validity of this form has been questioned, it has been trans- ferred to the Hypothetical List pending further investigation. Famity SCOLOPACID. Pisdbia codperi (BairD). Cooper’s Sandpiper. [11.] Tringa cooperi Barrp, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pae., IX, 1858, 716. (Long Island, N. Y.) HYPOTHETICAL LIST. 371 Known only from the type specimen, taken on Long Island, New York, in May, 1833, and still extant in the National Museum. ‘The status of the species is in doubt. Pisobia ruficollis (PALLAS). Eastern Least Stint. [241.1.] Trynga ruficollis Pauuas, Reise Russ. Reichs, III, 1776, 700. (Kulus- sutai, Siberia.) The record of occurrence of this species at Nome, Alaska (Condor, XI, 1909, 173) has been questioned, and the only other North American record (Condor, XII, 1910, 44) is too indefinite to be satis- factory. Numénius arquétus (LinN-eus). European Curlew. [11.1.] Scolopax arquata Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Sweden.) The evidence of its capture on Long Island, New York, is not con- sidered satisfactory. Totanus tétanus (LiINN©us). Common Redshank. [11.2.] Scolopax totanus LINNEUs, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 145. (Sweden.) The Hudson Bay record (Fauna Bor.-Am., Il, 1831, 391), the only North American record for the species, is too vague to be taken as conclusive evidence. Famity CATHARTID. GENUS SARCORAMPHUS DvuMenriL. Sarcoramphus Dumérit, Zool. Analytique, 1806, 32. Type, by subs. desig., Vultur papa Linnaaus (Vigors, 1825). Sarcorémphus pd4pa (LiNN«us). King Vulture. [12.] Vultur papa Linnznus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 86. (Mexico?) The record of its supposed occurrence in Arizona (Cougs, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, VI, 1881, p. 248) remains unconfirmed. one CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity BUTEONIDSE. Biteo codperi Cassin. Cooper’s Henhawk. [14.] Buteo cooperi Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 253. (Near Mountain View, Santa Clara Co., California.) Only known from the type specimen, obtained by Dr. J. G. Cooper, near Mountain View, Santa Clara County, California, in October, 1856. The validity of the species is in doubt; possibly the light phase of B. harlant. (Cf. Ripeway, Auk, I, 1884, 253, 254; II, 1885, 165, 166.) Famity ICTERIDZ. Icterus icterus (LinN&us). Troupial. [16.3.] Oriolus icterus Linnaus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 161. (Cayenne.) The only alleged North American occurrence of this South American species is Audubon’s record for Charleston, South Carolina. The only specimen stated to have been taken may have been an escaped cage bird. FamMILy FRINGILLID. Acanthis bréwsteri (RripGway). Brewster’s Linnet. [17.] Aigiothus (flavirostris var.) brewsterii Ripaway, Amer. Nat., VI, July, 1872, 434. (Waltham, Mass.) Known only from the type specimen, taken at Waltham, Massa- chusetts, November 1, 1870. Possibly a hybrid between Acanthis linaria and Spinus pinus. Spiza townsendi (AupUBON). Townsend’s Bunting. [18.] Emberiza townsendii AupUBON, Orn. Biog., II, 1834, 183. (New Garden, Chester Co., Pa.) The type specimen, taken May 11, 1833, at New Garden, Chester County, Pennsylvania, by Mr. J. K. Townsend, remains unique. Its peculiarities cannot be accounted for by hybridism, nor probably by individual variation. HYPOTHETICAL LIST. one Famity TANGARIDZ. Pirdnga ribriceps Gray. Gray’s Tanager. [18.1.] Pyranga rubriceps Gray, Genera Birds, II, 1844, [864], pl. 89. (Not given = Colombia.) A specimen of this exclusively South American species has been recorded as taken at Dos Pueblos, Santa Barbara County, California, but it was in all probability an escaped cage bird. FamMity MNIOTILTIDA. Dendroica (Perissogléssa?) carbondéta (AUDUBON). Carbonated Warbler. [23.] Sylvia carbonata AupuBOoN, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pl. 60. (Near Henderson, Kentucky.) Known only from Audubon’s plate and description of two speci- mens killed near Henderson, Kentucky, in May, 1811. Dendroica montana (WILSON). Blue Mountain Warbler. [24.] Sylvia montana Wixtson, Amer. Orn., V, 1812, 113, pl. 44, fig. 2. (Near the Blue Mountains, Virginia.) Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Taken near the Blue Mountains of Virginia. Not yet satisfactorily identified with any other species. Wils6nia (?) microcéphala (Ripaway). Small-headed Warbler. [25.] Sylvania microcephala Ripaway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIIT, 1885, 354. - (= Muscicapa minuta Witson, Amer. Orn., VI, 1812, 62, pl. 50, fig. 5, nec GMELIN, 1789.) Known only from the works of Wilson and Audubon. Claimed to have been taken in New Jersey and Kentucky. 374 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity SYLVIID&. Régulus civieri AUDUBON. Cuvier’s Kinglet. [26.] Regulus cuvieriti AupuUBON, Birds Amer. (folio), I, 1829, pl. 55. (Fat- land Ford, about 10 miles west of Norristown, Pa.) Known only from Audubon’s description and figure of the original specimen, killed in June, 1812, on the banks of the Schuylkill River, in Pennsylvania. THE FOSSIL BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. SuBcLASS SAURURA. OrDER ORNITHOPAPPI. Famity ARCHAOPTERYGIDS. GENUS LAOPTERYX Manrsu. Laopteryx Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XXI, April, 1881, 341. Type, by monotypy, Laopteryx priscus MarsH. Laépteryx priscus Marsu. [1.] Laopteryx priscus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XXI, 1881, 341- Jurassic; Wyoming. SupcLass ORNITHU RA. SUPERORDER ODONTORM. OrpEeR PTHEROPAPPI. Fammy ICHTHYORNITHIDE. GeNus ICHTHYORNIS Marsa. Ichthyornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, Nov., 1872, 344. Type, by monotypy, Jchthyornis dispar Mars. 376 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Ichthyérnis 4gilis (Mars). [13.] Graculavus agilis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, 1873, 230. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyornis anceps (Marsu). [14.] Graculavus anceps MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 364. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyornis dispar Marsu. [12.] Ichthyornis dispar Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 344. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyornis léntus (Marsu). [15.] Graculavus lentus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 258. Cretaceous; Texas. Ichthyornis téner Marsu. [16.] Ichthyornis tener MarsH, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pl. xxx, fig. 8. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyornis validus Marsu. [17.] Ichthyornis validus Marsu, Odontornithes, 1880, 198, pl. xxx, figs. 11-14. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Ichthyornis victor Marsu. [18.] Ichthyornis victor MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 511. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Famity APATORNITHIDZ. Genus APATORNIS Marsu. Apatornis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, Jan. 21, 1873, 162. Type, by monotypy, Jchthyornis celer Marsu. FOSSIL BIRDS. a Vivi Apatérnis céler (Marsn). [2.] Ichthyornis celer Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, V, 1873, 74. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. SUPERORDER ODONTOLC. OrDER DROM/ZOPAPPI. Famity HESPERORNITHIDZ. GENUS HESPERORNIS Marsu. Hesperornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 360. Type, by monotypy, Hesperornis regalis MARsH. Hesperornis crassipes (MarsH). [10.] Lestornis crassipes MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 509. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. Hesperornis regélis Marsu. [9.] Hesperornis regalis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 360. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. GENUS HARGERIA Lucas. Hargeria Lucas, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXVI, 1903, 552. Type, by orig. desig., Hesperornis gracilis MarsH. Hargéria gracilis (Mars). [11.] Hesperornis gracilis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XI, 1876, 510. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. 378 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity BAPTORNITHID. GENUS BAPTORNIS Marsu. Baptornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 86. Type, by monotypy, Baptornis advenus MarsuH. Baptémis advénus Marsu. [3.] Baptornis advenus Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XIV, 1877, 86. Cretaceous (Niobrara); Kansas. GENUS CONIORNIS Marsu. Coniornis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLV, 1893, 82. Type, by monotypy, Coniornis altus MarsuH. Coniérnis altus Marsu. [6.] Coniornis altus Marsa, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLV, 1893, 82. Cretaceous; Montana. SUPERORDER DROMAOGNATH. Orper GASTORNITHES. Famity GASTORNITHIDZ. GENUS DIATRYMA Cope. Diatryma Core, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, 11. Type, by mono- typy, Diatryma gigantea CoPE. Diatryma gigantéa Corr. [25.] Diatryma gigantea Corr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1876, 11. Eocene; New Mexico. FOSSIL BIRDS. 379 GENUS BARORNIS Marsu. Barornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLVIII, 1894, 344. Type, by monotypy, Barornis regens MarsuH. Barornis régens Marsu. [26.] Barornis regens MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLVIII, 1894, 344. Eocene; New Jersey. SUPERORDER EUORNITHES. OrDER PYGOPODES. SUBORDER CEPPHI. Famity ALCIDZA, GENUS URIA Brisson. Uria affinis (Marsn). [28.] Catarractes afjfinis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 259. Pleistocene; New Jersey. Uria antiqua (MarsH). [27.] Catarractes antiquus Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 213. Miocene; North Carolina. GENUS MANCALLA Lucas. Manculla Lucas, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, 133. Type, by orig. desig., Mancalla californiensis Lucas. Mancialla californiénsis Lucas. Mancalla californiensis Lucas, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXIV, 1901, 133. Upper Miocene, or Lower Pliocene; California. 380 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER LONGIPENNES. Famity LARIDZ. GENUS LARUS LINN&Us. Larus oregonus SHUFELDT. [80.] Larus oregonus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 398, pl. xv, fig. 3. Pleistocene; Oregon. Larus robistus SHUFELDT. [29.] Larus robustus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, [X, 1892, 398, pl. xv, figs. 1-2. Pleistocene; Oregon. OrDER TUBINARES. Famity PROCELLARIIDE. GENUS PUFFINUS Brisson. Piffnus cénradi Marsu. [81.] Puffinus conradi Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 212. Miocene; Maryland. OrpDER STEGANOPODES. Famity SULIDZ. GENuSs SULA Brisson. Sila loxéstyla Corr. [32.] Sula loxostyla Corr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., N. S., XIV, 1870, 236, fig. 53. Miocene; Maryland. FOSSIL BIRDS. 381 Famity PHALACROCORACID. GENUS PHALACROCORAX Brisson. Phalacrécorax idahénsis (Mars). [33.] Graculus idahensis MarsuH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 216. Pleistocene; Idaho. Phalacrocorax macropus (Corr). [34.] Graculus macropus Core, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., 1V, No. 2, 1878, 386. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENUS GRACULAVUS Marsa. Graculavus Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 363. Type, by subs. desig., Graculavus velor Mansu (Hay, 1902). Graculavus pumilus Marsu. [8.] Graculavus pumilus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 364. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Graculavus vélox MarsnH. {7.] Graculavus veloc Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 363. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Famity PELECANIDSE. GrENus CYPHORNIS Cope. Cyphornis Corr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1894, 451. Type, by monotypy, Cyphornis magnus Cope. Cyphérnis magnus Corr. Cyphornis magnus Cop, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1894, 451. Eocene?; Vancouver Island. 382 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrDER ANSERES. Famity ANATIDZE. GeNus ANSER Brisson. Anser céndoni SHureLpr. [35.] Anser condont SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 406, pl. xvi, figs. 19, 26, 27. Pleistocene; Oregon. GeENus BRANTA Scopo_t. Branta hypsibata (Cope). [36.] Anser hypsibatus Corr, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 387. Pleistocene; Oregon. Branta propinqua SHUFELDT. [37.] Branta propinqua SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, TX, 1892, 407, pl. xv, fig. 17. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENts OLOR WaGLER. Olor paloregénus (Corr). [38.] Cygnus paloregonus Corr, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 388. Pleistocene; Oregon. FOSSIL BIRDS. 383 Genus LAORNIS Marsu. Laornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 206. Type, by monotypy, Luornis edvardsianus MARSH. Laérnis edvardsianus Marsn. [19.] Laornis edvardsianus Marsxu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 206. Cretaceous; New Jersey. OrDER ODONTOGLOSS 4. Famity PHQ@NICOPTERID. GENUS PHGENICOPTERUS LINN2vs. Pheenicopterus copei SHUFELDT. [389.] Phenicopterus copei SHureipr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 410, pl. xv, figs. 11, 13; pl. xvii, figs. 28, 29, 38. Pleistocene; Oregon. OrDER HERODIONES. SusorDER HERODII. Famity ARDEIDA. Genus ARDEA Linn vs. Ardea paloccidentdlis SHuretpr. [40.] Ardea paloccidentalis SuHuretpr, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 411, pl. xvii, fig. 31. Pleistocene; Oregon. 384 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. OrpER PALUDICOL. SUBORDER GRUES. Famity GRUIDE. GENUS GRUS PA.uas. Grus haydeni Marsu. [41.] Grus haydeni MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 214. Pleistocene?; Nebraska. Grus prodvus MarsH. [42.] Grus proavus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 261. Pleistocene; New Jersey. Genus ALETORNIS Marsgz. Aletornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 256. Type, by subs. desig., Aletornis nobilis MarsH (Hay, 1902). Aletérnis béllus Marsu. [48.] Aletornis bellus Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 258. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletornis gracilis Marsn. [47.] Aletornis gracilis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, [V, 1872, 258. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletornis nobilis MarsH. [44.] Aletornis nobilis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 256. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 385 Aletornis pérnix Marsu. [45.] Aletornis pernix Mars, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, [V, 1872, 256. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. Aletornis ventistus Marsn. [46.] Aletornis venustus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 257. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. SuBoRDER RALLI. Famity RALLIDZ. GENUS CRECCOIDES SHUFELDT. Creccoides SHUFELDT, in Cops, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soe., XXX, 1892, 125. Type, by monotypy, Creccoides osbornii SHUFELDT. Creccoides 6sborni SHUFELDT. Creccoides osbornii SHUFELDT, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., XXX, 1892, 125. Pleistocene; Texas. GENUS TELMATORNIS Marsu. Telmatornis MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 210. Type, by subs. desig., Telmatornis priscus Marsu (Hay, 1902). Telmatornis affinis Mars. [24.] Telmatornis affinis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 211. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Telmatornis priscus MarsH. ([23.] Telmatornis priscus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 210. Cretaceous; New Jersey. 386 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. GENUS FULICA Linn2xUws. Filica minor SHUFELDT. [43.] Fulica minor SHuFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 412, pl. xvii, fig. 32. Pleistocene; Oregon. OrDER LIMICOLA. Famity SCOLOPACIDZ. GENUS PALAOTRINGA Marsa. Paleotringa MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 208. Type, by subs. desig., Palwotringa littoralis MArsu (Hay, 1902). Palezotringa littorélis Marsu. [20.] Paleotringa littoralis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 208. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Paleotringa vigans Marsu. [21.] Paleotringa vagans MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, II, 1872, 365. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Paleotringa vétus Marsu. [22.] Paleotringa vetus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 209. Cretaceous; New Jersey. Famity CHARADRIID. GeEeNus CHARADRIUS Linn xus. Charddrius sheppardianus Corr. [49.] Charadrius sheppardianus Corr, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., VI, No. 1, 1881, 83. Eocene; Colorado. FOSSIL BIRDS. 387 OrpEeR GALLIN i. SuBorDER PHASIANI. Famity TETRAONIDE. GENUS PEDIGCETES Barrp. Pediccétes licasi SHurELDT. [51.] Pediocetes lucasi SHuFELpT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 414, pl. xvii, fig. 30. Pleistocene; Oregon. Pedicecetes nénus SHUFELDT. [52.] Pedioceies nanus SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 414, pl. xvii, figs. 36, 37. Pleistocene; Oregon. GENUS PALAOTETRIX SHUFELDT. Paleotetrix Suuretpt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 415. Type, by monotypy, Paleotetrix gilli SHUFELDT. Palexotétrix gilli SHureLpT. [50.] Paleotetrix gilli SHureLDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 415, pl. xvii, fig. 34. Pleistocene; Oregon. Famity PHASIANIDE. GENUS PAVO LINNZ&Us. Pavo Linnmus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 156. Type, by subs. desig., Pavo cristatus Linnawus (Gray, 1840). 388 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Pavo califé6rnicus L. H. MILuer. Pavo californicus Mituer, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 19, Aug. 14, 1909, 285, pl. 25. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. FamMILty MELEAGRID. GENUS MELEAGRIS LINN2Us. Meleagris antiqua Marsn. [53.] Meleagris antiquus Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3. II, 1871, 126. Oligocene (White River); Oregon. Meleagris céler Marsu. [55.] Meleagris celer Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 261. Pleistocene; New Jersey. Meleagris supérba Corr. [54.] Meleagris superbus Corr, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., N. S., XIV, Pt. I, 1870, 239. Pleistocene; New Jersey. SuBORDER PENELOPES. FamMity GALLINULOIDIDA. GENUs GALLINULOIDES Eastman. Gallinuloides Eastman, Geol. Mag., Feb., 1900, 54. Type, by monotypy, Gallinuloides wyomingensis HASTMAN. Gallinuloides wyomingénsis EasTMAN. Gallinuloides wyomingensis EASTMAN, Geol. Mag., Feb., 1900, 54. Eocene (Bridger, Green River Shales); Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 389 OrDER RAPTORES. SuBoRDER SARCORAMPHI. Famity CATHARTIDZ. GENUS PALZASOBORUS Cougs. Paleoborus Cours, Key N. A. Birds, ed. 2, 1884, 822. Type, by orig. desig., Cathartes umbrosus Cop. Paleoborus umbrosus (Corr). [56.] Cathartes umbrosus Cops, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, 151. Pliocene; New Mexico. GENUS CATHARISTA VIEILLOT. Catharista occidentalis L. H. MILuEr. Catharista occidentalis MiLuER, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, 306. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. SuBoRDER FALCONES. Famity TERATORNITHIDA:? GENUS TERATORNIS MILuer. Teratornis MiuuER, Univ. Calif. Publ.— Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, 307. Type, by monotypy, Teratornis merriami MILLER. Teratérnis mérriami L. H. MILuer. Teratornis merriami Mituer, Univ. Calif. Publ., Bull. Dept. Geol., V, No. 21, Sept. 10, 1909, 307, text figs. 1-9. Quaternary asphalt beds at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles, California. 390 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity BUTEONIDE. GENUS AQUILA Brisson. Aquila dananus Mars. [58.] Aquila danana Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IT, 1871, 125. Pliocene?; Nebraska. Aquila pliogryps SHUFELDT. [59.] Aquila pliogryps SHureupt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, [X, 1892, 416, pl. xvii, fig. 33. Pleistocene; Oregon. Aquila sodélis SHuretpr. [60.] Aquila sodalis SHureupt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 417, pl. xv, fig. 5. Pleistocene; Oregon. SUBORDER STRIGES. Famity STRIGIDZE. GENUS BUBO DuMEnrIL. Bibo leptésteus Marsn. [57.] Bubo leptosteus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, II, 1871, 126. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. FOSSIL BIRDS. 391 OrpeER PICI. GENUS UINTORNIS Marsa. Uintornis Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, IV, 1872, 259. Type, by monotypy, Uintornis lucaris Marsu. Uintérnis lucdéaris MarsH. [61.] Uintornis lucaris Marsu, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, 1V, 1872, 259. Eocene (Bridger); Wyoming. OrDER PASSERES. Famity CORVIDE. GENUS CORVUS Linnzus. Corvus annéctens SHUFELDT. ([62.] Corvus anneclens SHUFELDT, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 419, pl. xv, figs. 14-16. Pleistocene; Oregon. FamiLty ICTERIDZ. GENUS EUPHAGUS Cassin. Etphagus affinis (SHUFELDT). [63.] Scolecophagus affinis SHureupt, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2, IX, 1892, 418, pl. xv, fig. 10. Pleistocene; Oregon. 392 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. Famity FRINGILLIDA? GENUS PALASOSPIZA ALLEN. Paleospiza ALLEN, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 443. Type, by monotypy, Palewospiza bella ALLEN. Paleospiza bélla ALLEN. [64.] Paleospiza bella ALLEN, Bull. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 1878, 443, pl. i, figs. 1, 2. Eocene? (Amyzon Shales); Colorado. INCERT4 SEDIS." GENUS CIMOLOPTERYX Marsu. Cimolopteryx MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 8, XX XVIII, 1889, 83, footnote. Type, by subs. desig., Cimolopteryx rarus Marsu (Hay, 1902). Cimolopteryx rdra Marsu. [4.] Cimolopteryx rarus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XX XVIII, 1889, 83, footnote. Cretaceous (Laramie); Wyoming. Cimolopteryx retisa Marsu. [5.] Cimolopteryx retusus MarsH, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, XLIV, 1892, 175. Cretaceous (Laramie); Wyoming. 1GENus ALABAMORNIS Aseu. Alabamornis ABEL, Centralbl. fiir Min., 1906, 456. Type, by monotypy, Alabam- ornis gigantea ABEL. Alabamornis giganteus ABEL. Alabamornis gigantea ABEL, Centralbl. fiir Min., 1906, 456, figs. 3-4. This proves to be a Zeuglodon, not a bird. FOSSIL BIRDS. 393 GENUS PALZZONORNIS Emmons. Paleonornis Emmons, Amer. Geology, Pt. IV, 1857, 148. Type, by monotypy, Paleonornis struthionoides EMMons. Paleondrnis struthionoides EMMONS. Paleonornis struthionoides EMMons, Amer. Geology, Pt. IV, 1857, 148, fig. 114. Triassic?; North Carolina. Doubtfully a bird. «s J . bee Ca ty : 4 und airy wait Cy ae 0 aay N ‘ Leh Peet EN DES ABBREVIATUS, Buteo, 159. aberti, Pipilo, 281. abieticola, Phlceotomus pileatus, 192. acadica, Cryptoglaux, 172. » Acanthis, 247. Acanthopneuste, 355. , Accipiter, 155, achrusterus, Planesticus migratorius, 364. actia, Otocoris alpestris, 220. ~ Actitis, 124. Actochelidon, 43. acuflavida, Sterna sandwichensis, 43. aculeata, Sitta carolinensis, 345. acuta, Dafila, 72. acutipennis, Chordeiles, 199. adamsi, Gavia, 24. adusta, Otocoris alpestris, 220. advenus, Baptornis, 378. » &chmophorus, 21. aédon, Troglodytes, 340. « Agialitis, 128. zeneus, Quiscalus quiscula, 239. eeneus, Tangavius, 232. Aéronautes, 201. zsalon, Falco, 166. estiva, Dendroica, 311. estivalis, Peuczea, 270. ABstrelata, 54. zethereus, Phaéthon, 59. /Bthia, 28. AMthiine, 27. affinis, Euphagus, 391. affinis, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. affinis, Larus, 38. affinis, Marila, 75. affinis, Pocecetes gramineus, 253. affinis, Telmatornis, 385. affinis, Uria, 379. ) Agelaius, 233. agilis, Ichthyornis, 376. agilis, Oporornis, 321. agilis, Penthestes carolinensis, 450. agleus, Quiscalus quiscula, 299. aglaiw, Platypsaris, 207. aikeni, Junco, 266. aikeni, Otus asio, 173 Aimophila, 271. Aix 7S: Ajaia, 91. ajaja, Ajaia, 91. alba, Guara, 91. Alabamornis, 392. alascanus, Buteo borealis, 158. alascanus, Halisetus leucocephalus, 163. alascensis, Budytes flavus, 328. alascensis, Calearius lapponicus, 252. alascensis, Nannus, 341. alascensis, Penthestes cinctus, 351. alascensis, Pinicola enucleator, 242. Alauda, 218. Alaudide, 218. alaudinus, Passerculus sandwichensis, 254. alba, Guara, 91. alba, Motacilla, 327. alba, Pagophila, 35. » Albatross, Black-footed, 48, Laysan, 49. Short-tailed, 49. Sooty, 49. Wandering, 370. Yellow-nosed, 49. albatrus, Diomedea, 49. 395 396 INDEX. albellus, Mergellus, 67. americana, Certhia familiaris, 344. albeola, Charitonetta, 76. americana, Ceryle, 184. albescens, Certhia familiaris, 344. americana, Clangula clangula, 76. albicaudatus, Buteo, 159. americana, Compsothlypis, 309. albicilla, Halizetus, 162. americana, Fulica, 106. albicollis, Nyctidromus, 198. americana, Grus, 100. albicollis, Zonotrichia, 262. americana, Mareca, 70. albifrons, Anser, 84, 85. americana, Marila, 74. albifrons, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. americana, Mycteria, 93. albigula, Pipilo fuscus, 281. americana, Oidemia, 80. albilora, Dendroica dominica, 316. americana, Recurvirostra, 108. albiventris, Platypsaris aglaiz, 207. americana, Spiza, 287. albociliatus, Phalacrocorax auritus, americanus, Coccyzus, 181. 63. americanus, Mergus, 66. albogilva, Strix varia, 170. americanus, Numenius, 124. albolarvatus, Xenopicus, 189. americanus, Phaéthon, 59. 4 Alea, 32. americanus, Picoides, 189. Alcedinide, 183. americanus, Tympanuchus, 143. Aleella, 28. Amizilis, 277. Alcide, 25, 369, 379. , Ammodramus, 256. Alcine, 31. amoena, Passerina, 285. aleyon, Ceryle, 183. _Amphispiza 269. « Aleyones, 183. amplus, Carpodacus, 244. Aletornis, 384. anabele, Sialia mexicana, 367. aleutica, Sterna, 45. anetheta, Sterna, 46. aleuticus, Ptychoramphus, 27. Anas, 68. alexandre, Lagopus lagopus, 141. Anatide, 66, 370, 382. alexandri, Archilochus, 202. Anatine, 68. algistus, Bubo virginianus, 176. anatum, Falco peregrinus, 164. alicie, Hylocichla, 360. anceps, Icthyornis, 376. Alle, 33. angustifrons, Melanerpes formicivo- alle, Alle, 33. rus, 193. alleni, Buteo lineatus, 158. Anhinga, 61. alleni, Lagopus lagopus, 141. anhinga, Anhinga, 61. alleni, Pipilo erythrophthalmus, 279. Anhingide, 61. alleni, Selasphorus, 204. Ani, 180. alleni, Strix varia, 170. Groove-billed, 180. Alling, 33. ani, Crotophaga, 180. alnorum, Empidonax trailli, 216. anna, Calypte, 203. alpestris, Otocoris, 219. annectens, Corvus, 391. alpina, Pelidna, 115, 116. annectens, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. alticola, Lanivireo solitarius, 301. annectens, Junco hyemalis, 268. altus, Coniornis, 378. - Anoiis, 47. Aluco, 168. Anser, 84, 382. Aluconide, 168. Anseres, 66, 382. ambiguus, Trogon, 183. Anserine, 83. 4 INDEX. anthonyi, Butorides virescens, 98. anthonyi, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. anthracina, Urubitinga, 160. Anthus, 328. antillarum, Sterna, 45. antiqua, Uria, 379. antiquus, Meleagris, 588. antiquus, Synthliboramphus, 29. Antrostomus, 196. Apatornis, 376. Apatornithide, 376. Aphelocoma, 224. Aphriza, 131. Aphrizide, 131. Aphrizine, 131. apricarius, Charadrius, 127. Aquila, 161, 390. aquila, Fregata, 66. Aramide, 101. Aramus, 101. Archeopterygide, 375. Archibuteo, 161. Archilochus, 202. arctica, Fratercula, 26. arctica, Gavia, 24. arcticola, Otocoris alpestris, 219. arcticus, Picoides, 189. arcticus, Pipilo maculatus, 279. Arctonetta, 79. Ardea, 95, 383. Ardeide, 94, 383. Ardeinz, 95. arenacea, Spizella pusilla, 265. Arenaria, 131. Arenariine, 131. arenicola, Toxostoma lecontei, 334. argentatus, Larus, 38. argutula, Sturnella magna, 235. Aristonetta, 74. arizela, Geothlypis trichas, 323. arizonz, Aphelocoma sieberi, 225. arizon, Dryobates, 188. arizone, Spizella passerina, 264. Arquatella, 112. arquatus, Numenius, 371. arra, Uria lomvia, 32. ¥ 397 Arremonops, 278. arvensis, Alauda, 218. Asarcia, 1338. asiatica, Melopelia, 150. Asio, 169. asio, Otus, 172. assimilis, Puffinus, 53. Astragalinus, 248. . Astur, 156. - r Asturina, 160. Asyndesmus, 193. ater, Molothrus, 231. atkhensis, Lagopus rupestris, 141. atkinsi, Sitta carolinensis, 345. atra, Fulica, 106. atrata, Leucosticte, 246. atricapillus, Astur, 156. atricapillus Penthestes, 349. atricapillus, Vireo, 301. atricilla, Larus, 40. atricristatus, Beolophus, 347. atrogularis, Spizella, 265. Atthis, 204. attwateri, Tympanuchus americanus, 143. auduboni, Dendroica, 313. auduboni, Dryobates villosus, 186. auduboni, Hylocichla guttata, 362. auduboni, Icterus melanocephalus, 236. Auk, Great, 32. Razor-billed, 32. Auklet, Cassin’s, 27. Crested, 28. Least, 28. Paroquet, 27. Rhinoceros, 27. Whiskered, 28. aura, Cathartes, 152. auratus, Colaptes, 194. auricularis, Puffinus, 53. aurifrons, Centurus, 194. Auriparus, 354. / aurita, Pisobia, 113. auritus, Colymbus, 22. auritus, Phalacrocorax, 62. 398 auroeapillus, Serurus, 319. australis, Ammodramus savannarum, 256. australis, Leucosticte, 247. autumnalis, Dendrocygna, 88. autumnalis, Plegadis, 92. - Avocet, 108. BACHMANI, Hematopus, 133. bachmani, Peucea estivalis, 271. bachmani, Vermivora, 306. Beolophus, 347. bahamensis, Ccereba, 304. bailey, Penthestes gambeli, 351. bairdi, Ammodramus, 256. bairdi, Dryobates scalaris, 188. bairdi, Junco, 268. bairdi, Melanerpes formicivorus, 193. bairdi, Sialia mexicana, 367. bairdi, Pisobia, 114. bairdi, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Baldpate, 70. Baptornis, 378. Baptornithide, 378. barbatula, Vireosylva calidris, 298. barlowi, Penthestes rufescens, 352. baueri, Limosa lapponica, 119. Barornis, 379. . Bartramia, 123. Basilinna, 206. bassana, Sula, 61. Becard, Xantus’s, 207. beldingi, Geothlypis, 323. beldingi, Passerculus, 254. beldingi, Rallus, 102. bella, Paleospiza, 392. belli, Amphispiza, 269. belli, Vireo, 303. bellus, Aletornis, 384. bendirei, Otus asio, 173. bendirei, Toxostoma, 333. bermudiana, Chzmepelia passerina, 150. bermudianus, Vireo griseus, 302. bernicla, Branta, 87. bewicki, Thryomanes, 338. ‘ INDEX. bicknelli, Hylocichla alicize, 360. bicolor, Beeolophus, 347. bicolor, Dendrocygna, 88. bicolor, Iridoprocne, 293. bicolor, Tiaris, 287. bilineata, Amphispiza, 269. bimaculatus, Ammodramus savan- narum, 257. Bittern, 94. Cory’s Least, 95. Least, 94. Blackbird, Brewer’s, 239. Red-winged, 233. Rusty, 238. Yellow-headed, 232. Bluebird, 366. Azure, 366. Chestnut-backed, 367. Mountain, 367. San Pedro, 367. Western, 367. Blue-throat, Siberian Red-spotted, 365. Bobolink, 231. Bob-white, 134. Florida, 134. Masked, 135. Texas, 134. Bombycilla, 295. Bombycillide, 295. Bonasa, 139. Booby, 60. Blue-faced, 60. Blue-footed, 60. Brewster’s, 60. Red-footed, 60. borealis, Acanthopneuste, 355. borealis, Buteo, 157. borealis, Cypseloides niger, 200. borealis, Dryobates, 188. borealis, Lanius, 296. borealis, Nuttallornis, 213. borealis, Numenius, 125. borealis, Puffinus, 52. borealis, Somateria mollissima, 79. Botaurine, 94. INDEX. » Botaurus, 94. botterii, Peuczea, 271. brachyptera, Leptotila flaviventris, 149. brachyptera, Tachycincta thalassina, 294. brachypterus, Colymbus dominicus, 23. e Brachyramphus, 29. brachyrhynchos, Corvus, 228. brachyrhynchus, Anser, 85. brachyrhynchus, Larus, 39. brachyurus, Buteo, 160. Brant, 87. Black, 87. Branta, 85, 382. brevicauda, Thryomanes, 339. brevirostris, Brachyramphus, 29. brevirostris, Rissa, 36. breweri, Spizella, 264. brewsteri, Acanthis, 372. brewsteri, Dendroica estiva, 311. brewsteri, Egretta candidissima, 96. brewsteri, Sula, 60. Brewsteria, 161. brunneicapillus, Heleodytes, 335. bryanti, Agelaius phoeniceus, 233. bryanti, Dendroica, 312. bryanti, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. bryanti, Passerculus sandwichensis, 255. \Bubo, 174, 390. buccinator, Olor, 89. » Budytes, 327. Buffle-head, 76. bulleri, Puffinus, 54. Bullfinch, Cassin’s, 242. bullocki, Icterus, 238. bulweri, Bulweria, 55. Bulweria, 55. Bunting, Beautiful, 286. Indigo, 285. Lark, 288. Lazuli, 285. McKay’s Snow, 251. Painted, 286. « - 399 Bunting, Pribilof Snow, 251. Snow, 251. Townsend’s, 372. Varied, 286. Burrica, 244. Bush-Tit, 353. California, 353. Grinda’s, 353. Lead-colored, 353. Lloyd’s, 353. Buteo, 157. Buteola, 160. Buteonideg, 153, 372. Butorides, 98. C#RULEA, Guiraca, 285. cerulea, Florida, 98. cerulea, Polioptila, 357. czerulescens, Chen, 84. cerulescens, Dendroica, 312. cafer, Colaptes, 195. cairnsi, Dendroica erulescens, 312. Calamospiza, 288. Calearius, 251. calendula, Regulus, 356. Calidris, 118. calidris, Vireosylva, 298. californianus, Geococcyx, 181. californianus, Gymnogyps, 152. californica, Aphelocoma, 224. californica, Pinicola enucleator, 242. californica, Polioptila, 358. californica, Uria troille, 31. californicum, Glaucidium gnoma, 178 californicus, Agelaius gubernator, 234 californicus, Carpodacus purpureus, 243. californicus, Colymbus nigricollis, 22. ealifornicus, Larus, 39. californicus, Lophortyx, 136. californicus, Pavo, 388. californicus, Pelecanus, 65. californicus, Phalznoptilus nuttalli, 197. californicus, 353. californiensis, Mancalla, 379. Psaltriparus minimus, 400 Callichelidon, 294. Callipepla, 135. calliope, Stellula, 204. calophonus, Thryomanes 339. Calothorax, 205. calurus, Buteo borealis, 157. Calypte, 203. Campephilus, 185. campestris, Pedicecetes phasianellus, 144. Camptorhynchus, 78. Camptostoma, 218. canace, Canachites canadensis, 139. Canachites, 138. canadensis, Branta, 86. canadensis, Canachites, 138. canadensis, Grus, 100. canadensis, Perisoreus, 226. canadensis, Sitta, 346. canadensis, Wilsonia, 325. canagica, Philacte, 88. candidissima, Egretta, 96. canescens, Amphispiza nevadensis, 270. canicauda, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. caniceps, Junco pheonotus, 268. canora, Tiaris, 287. canorus, Cuculus, 182. canus, Larus, 39. canutus, Tringa, 112. Canvas-back, 74. eaparoch, Surnia ulula, 177. capensis, Daption, 51. capitalis, Perisoreus canadensis, 226. Caprimulgi, 196. Caprimulgide, 196. Caracara, Audubon’s, 167. Guadalupe, 168. carbo, Phalacrocorax, 62. carbonacea, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. carbonata, Dendroica, 373. Cardellina, 326. Cardinal, 282. Arizona, 282. Florida, 283. bewicki, ee INDEX. Cardinal, Gray-tailed, 283. San Lucas, 283. Cardinalis, 282. cardinalis, Cardinalis, 282. caribzeus, Rallus longirostris, 103. carlottz, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. carolina, Porzana, 103. carolinense, Nettion, 70. carolinensis, Antrostomus, 196. carolinensis, Conuropsis, 179. carolinensis, Dumetella, 331. carolinensis, Junco hyemalis, 267. carolinensis, Pandion haliaétus, 168. carolinensis, Penthestes, 450. carolinensis, Sitta, 345. carolinensis, Zenaidura macroura, 148. carolinus, Centurus, 193. earolinus, Huphagus, 238. carpalis, Aimophila, 271. . Carpodacus, 362.Q4 3 - Casarca, 72. caspia, Sterna, 42. cassini, Carpodacus, 243. cassini, Lanivireo solitarius, 300. cassini, Peucza, 271. cassini, Pyrrhula, 242. castanea, Dendroica, 314. castaneiceps, Dendroica bryanti, 312. castanogastris, Callipepla squamata, 136. castro, Oceanodroma, 57. Catbird, 331. Catharista, 153, 389. Cathartes, 152, Cathartide, 152, 371, 389. Catherpes, 336. Catoptrophorus, 122. caudacutus, Passerherbulus, 258. caurina, Melospiza melodia, 275. caurina, Strix occidentalis, 170. caurinus, Agelaius phceniceus, 234. caurinus, Corvus, 219. cedrorum, Bombycilla, 296. celata, Vermivora, 308. celer, Apatornis, 377. celer, Meleagris, 388. INDEX. \ Centrocercus, 145. Centronyx, 256. Centurus, 193. » Cepphi, 24, 379. , Cepphus, 30. . Cerchneis, 166. . Cerorhinea, 27. » Certhia, 344. Certhiide, 344. cerulea, Dendroica, 314. cerviniventris, Amizilis, 205. cervinus, Anthus, 329. ,Ceryle, 183. Chachalaca, 146. , Chemepelia, 150. Cheetura, 200. Cheeturine, 200. chaleonota, Amizilis cerviniventris, 205. chalybea, Progne, 291. Chamea, 354. Chameide, 354. Chamethlypis, 323. chamberlaini, Lagopus rupestris, 142. chapmani, Chordeiles virginianus, 199. Charadriide, 126, 386. .Charadrius, 127, 386. 401 Chickadee, Long-tailed, 349. Mexican, 350. Mountain, 350. Oregon, 349. Plumbeous, 350. Yukon, 349. Chicken, Attwater’s Prairie, 143. Lesser Prairie, 144. Prairie, 143. , Chloroceryle, 184. * chlorura, Oreospiza, 282. , Chondestes, 260. , Chordeiles, 198. chrysaétos, Aquila, 162. chryseola, Wilsonia pusilla, 325. chrysia, Geotrygon, 151. chrysoides, Colaptes, 195. chrysoparia, Dendroica, 316. chrysoptera, Vermivora, 307. Chuck-will’s-widow, 196. Ciceronia, 28. Ciconiz, 93. Ciconiide, 93. Ciconiine, 93. Cimolopteryx, 392. cincinatus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 63. Cinclide, 329. charienturus, Thryomanes bewicki, » Cinclus, 329. 339. _ Charitonetta, 76. Chat, Long-tailed, 324. Yellow-breasted, 324. Chaulelasmus, 69. » Chelidonaria, 294. Chen, 83. cheriway, Polybotus, 167. Chickadee, 349. Acadian, 351. Alaska, 351. Bailey’s Mountain, 351. Barlow’s, 352. California, 352. Carolina, 350. Chestnut-backed, 352. Florida, 350. Hudsonian, 351. cinctus, Penthestes, 351. cinerascens, Myiarchus, 211. cineraceus, Beolophus inornatus, 348. cineraceus, Otus asio, 173. cinerea, Amphispiza nevadensis, 270. cinerea, Ardea, 96. cinereum, Toxostoma, 333. cinereus, Priofinus, 54. cineritius, Empidonax difficilis, 215. cinnamomeus, Helodromas solitarius, ie , Circus, 155. ciris, Passerina, 286. cirrhata, Lunda, 25. Cistotherus, 342. citrea, Protonotaria, 305. citrina, Wilsonia, 324. Clamatores, 207. « « ¢ 4 402 Clangula, 76. clangula, Clangula, 76. clemencie, Cyanolemus, 202. clement, Melospiza melodia, 274. clement, Pipilo maculatus, 280. clementis, Carpodacus mexicanus, 244. cleonensis, Melospiza melodia, 275. clypeata, Spatula, 72. Coccyges, 180. Coccyzine, 181. Coccyzus, 181. Coereba, 304. Ceerebide, 304. cognatus, Vireo huttoni, 303. Colaptes, 194. Colinus, 134. collaris, Colaptes cafer, 195. collaris, Marila, 75. eolubris, Archilochus, 202. Columba, 147. columba, Cepphus, 31. Columbe, 147. columbarius, Falco, 165. columbiana, Nucifraga, 230. columbianus, Olor, 89. columbianus, Pedicecetes phasianel- lus, 144. Columbide, 147. Colymbi, 21. Colymbide, 21, 147. Colymbus, 21, 22. Compsohalieus, 63. Compsothlypis, 309. condoni, Anser, 382. confinis, Oreortyx picta, 135. confinis, Planesticus, 364. confinis, Pocecetes gramineus, 253. Coniornis, 378. connectens, Junco hyemalis, 266. conradi, Puffinus, 380. consobrinus, Pipilo, 280. conspersus, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. Conuropsis, 179. cooperi, Accipiter, 156. cooperi, Buteo, 371. INDEX. cooperi, Melospiza melodia, 275. cooperi, Piranga rubra, 290. cooperi, Pisobia, 371. Coot, 106. European, 106. copei, Phcenicopterus, 383. corax, Corvus, 227, 228. Cormorant, 62. Baird’s, 64. Brandt’s, 63. Double-crested, 62. Farallon, 68. Florida, 62. Mexican, 63. Pelagic, 64. Red-faced, 64. Violet-green, 64. White-crested, 63. corniculata, Fratercula, 26. cornix, Corvus, 229. coronata, Dendroica, 312. coronata, Zonotrichia, 262. Corvide, 221, 391. Corvine, 227. Corvus, 227, 391. cost, Calypte, 203. Cotingide, 207. Coturnicops, 104. coturniculus, Creciscus, 104. couchi, Aphelocoma sieberi, 225. couchi, Tyrannus melancholicus, 209. couesi, Arquatella maritima, 113. couesi, Heleodytes brunneicapillus, 335. Cowbird, 231. Bronzed, 232. Dwarf, 232. Red-eyed, 232. Cracide, 146. Crake, Corn, 105. Spotted, 103. Crane, Little Brown, 100. Sandhill, 100. Whooping, 100. crassipes, Hesperornis, 377. craveri, Brachyramphus, 30. » Creagrus, 369. @ ¢ - creatopus, Puffinus, 52. crecca, Nettion, 70. Creccoides, 385. Creciscus, 104. Creeper, Bahama Honey, 304. Brown, 344. California, 344. Mexican, 344. Rocky Mountain, 344. Sierra, 345. crepitans, Rallus, 102. Crex, 105. crex, Crex, 105. crinitus, Myiarchus, 210. crissale, Toxostoma, 334. crissalis, Pipilo, 281. cristata, Cyanocitta, 222. cristatella, AXthia, 28. Crossbill, 245. Mexican, 245. White-winged, 245. Crotophaga, 180. Crotophagine, 180. Crow, 228. Fish, 229. Florida, 228. Hooded, 229. Northwestern, 229. Western, 228. Cryptoglaux, 171. eryptoleucus, Corvus, 228. cryptoleucus, Progne, 291. cryptus, Thryomanes bewicki, 339. Cuckoo, Black-billed, 182. California, 182. Kamchatka, 182. Mangrove, 181. Maynard’s, 181. Yellow-billed, 181. Cuculi, 180. Cuculide, 180. Cuculine, 182. cucullatus, Icterus, 237. cucullatus, Lophodytes, 67. . Cuculus, 182. 4 INDEX. culminatus, Thalassogeron, 49. cuneatus, Puffinus, 54. cunicularia, Speotyto, 177. cupido, Tympanuchus, 143. Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 125. Eskimo, 125. European, 371. Hudsonian, 125. Long-billed, 124. currucoides, Sialia, 367. curvirostra, Loxia, 245. curvirostre, Toxostoma, 332. cuvieri, Regulus, 374. cyanea, Aphelocoma, 224. cyanea, Passerina, 285. cyaneoviridis, Callichelidon, 294, Cyanocephala, 230. eyanocephala, Cyanocephala, 230, eyanocephalus, Euphagus, 239. cyanocephalus, Starncenas, 151. Cyanocitta, 222. Cyanolemus, 202. cyanops, Sula, 60. cyanoptera, Querquedula, 71. Cyanosylvia, 365. cyanotis, Aphelocoma, 224, Cygnine, 89. cygnus, Olor, 89. Cymochroa, 56. Cynanthus, 206. Cyphornis, 381. Cypseli, 200. Cypseloides, 200. Cyrtonyx, 137. Cyrtopelicanus, 64. DaFILA, 72. damacensis, Pisobia, 115. dananus, Aquila, 390. Daption, 51. deglandi, Oidemia, 81. delawarensis, Larus, 39. delicata, Gallinago, 110. ~Dendragapus, 137. Dendrocygna, 88. ~ Dendroica, 310, 311. 403 t ¢ 404 INDEX. derbianus, Pitangus sulphuratus, 210. deserticola, Amphispiza bilineata, 269. diademata, Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. Diatryma, 378. Dichromanassa, 97. Dickcissel, 287. difficilis, Empidonax, 215. Diomedea, 48. Diomedeidez, 48, 370. Dipper, 330. discolor, Dendroica, 319. discors, Querquedula, 71. dispar, Ichthyornis, 376. dixoni, Lagopus rupestris, 142. Dolichonyx, 281. dominica, Dendroica, 315. dominicensis, Tyrannus, 208. dominicus, Charadrius, 127. dominicus, Colymbus, 23. dominicus, Nomonyx, 83. dorsalis, Junco phzonotus, 268. dorsalis, Picoides americanus, 190. Dotterel, 126. dougalli, Sterna, 45. Dovekie, 33. Dove, Bermuda Ground, 150. Ground, 156. Inca, 151. Mexican Ground, 150. Mourning, 148. White-fronted, 149. White-winged, 150. Zenaida, 149. Dowitcher, 111. Long-billed, 111. dresseri, Somateria, 79. Dromezognathi, 378. Dromzopappi, 377. » Dryobates, 185. dubia, Aigialitis, 129. * Duck, Black, 68. Florida, 69. Harlequin, 77. Labrador, 78. Lesser Scaup, 75. Masked, 83. t Duck, Mottled, 69. Red-legged Black, 370. Ring-necked, 75. Ruddy, 82. Rufous-crested, 73. Seaup, 75. Wood, 73. Dumetella, 331. Dunlin, 116. Dytes, 22. - Eaaue, Bald, 162. 4 iz Gray Sea, 162. Golden, 162. Northern Bald, 163. Ectopistes, 148. edvardsianus, Laornis, 383. Egret, 96. Brewster’s, 97. Reddish, 97. Snowy, 96. Egretta, 96. egretta, Herodias, 96. Eider, 79. King, 80. Northern, 79. Pacific, 80. Spectacled, 79. Steller’s, 78. elachistus, Bubo virginianus, 175. Elanoides, 153. Elanus, 154. elegans, Buteo lineatus, 158. elegans, Rallus, 101. elegans, Sterna, 42. Empidonax, 214. Endomychura, 30. enucleator, Pinicola, 241. eremceca, Aimophilus rufescens, 272. Ereunetes, 117. Erionetta, 80. Erismatura, 82. Erolia, 116. erythrocephalus, Melanerpes, 192. erythrogastra, Hirundo, 292. erythromelas, Piranga, 289. INDEX. erythrophthalmus, Coccyzus, 182. erythrophthalmus, Pipilo, 279. erythrorhynchus, Pelecanus, 65. . Eudromias, 126. Eugenes, 201. Euornithes, 379. Euphagus, 238, 391. Eurynorhynchus, 117. evermanni, Lagopus, 142. Exanthemops, 84. excubitorides, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. exilis, Acanthis hornemanni, 147. exilis, Ixobrychus, 94. exulans, Diomedea, 370 FABALIS, Anser, 85. ~ Faleo, 163. Faleon, Aplomado, 166. Peale’s, 165. Peregrine, 164. Prairie, 164. Falcones, 153, 389. ~Faleonide, 163, 390. Falconineg, 163. fallax, Melospiza melodia, 273. familiaris, Certhia, 344. fannini, Ardea herodias, 95. fasciata, Chama, 354. fasciata, Columba, 147. fasciatus, Picoides americanus, 190. fedoa, Limosa, 118. ferruginea, Casarca, 72. ferruginea, Erolia, 116. ferrugineus, Archibuteo, 161. Finch, Aleutian Rosy, 246. Black Rosy, 246. Brown-capped Rosy, 247. California Purple, 243. Cassin’s Purple, 243. Gray-crowned Rosy, 246. Guadalupe House, 244. Hepburn’s Rosy, 246. House Finch, 244. McGregor’s House, 244. Purple, 243. 405 Finch, San Clemente House, 244. San Lucas House, 244. fischeri, Arctonetta, 79. fisheri, Aistrelata, 55. fisheri, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. Flamingo, 90. flammeola, Otus, 174. flammeus, Asio, 169. flammula, Pinicola enucleator, 242. flaviceps, Auriparus, 354. flavifrons, Lanivireo, 300. flavipes, Totanus, 120. flavirostris, Columba, 147. flaviventris, Empidonax, 214. flavoviridis, Vireosylva, 299. flavus, Budytes, 327, 328. - Flicker, 194. Gilded, 195. Guadalupe, 195. Northern, 194. Northwestern, 195. Red-shafted, 195. Florida, 98. floridana, Speotyto cunicularia, 177. floridanus, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. floridanus, Ammodramus savanna- rum, 257. floridanus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. floridanus, Colinus virginianus, 134. floridanus, Otus asio, 173. floridanus, Phalacrocorax auritus, 62. florincola, Cyanocitta cristata, 222. Flycatcher, Acadian, 215. Alder, 216. Arizona Crested, 211. Ash-throated, 211. Beardless, 218. Buff-breasted, 217. Coues’s, 213. Crested, 210. Derby, 210. Fork-tailed, 207. Gray, 217. Hammond’s, 216. Least, 216. 406 INDEX. Flycatcher, Mexican Crested, 211. Fulmarus, 50. Lower California, 211. fulva, Petrochelidon, 292. Olivaceous, 211. fulva, Sialia sialis, 366. Olive-sided, 213. fulvifrons, Empidonax, 217. San Lucas, 215. fulvigula, Anas, 68, 69. Scissor-tailed, 208. fulviventris, Leptotila, 149. Sulphur-bellied, 210. fulvus, Charadrius dominicus, 127. Traill’s, 216. fumifrons, Perisoreus canadensis, 227. Vermilion, 218. funerea, Cryptoglaux, 171. Western, 215. furcata, Oceanodroma, 56. Wright’s, 217. furcatus, Creagrus, 369. Yellow-bellied, 214. fusca, Dendroica, 315. forficata, Muscivora, 208. fusca, Oidemia, 81. forficatus, Elanoides, 153. fuscata, Sterna, 46. formicivorus, Melanerpes, 192. fuscescens, Hylocichla, 359. formosus, Oporornis, 320. fuscicollis, Pisobia, 114. forsteri, Sterna, 44. fusco-ceruleus, Falco, 166. fortis, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. fuscus, Pipilo, 280. franklini, Canachites, 139. franklini, Larus, 40. GADWALL, 69. . Fratercula, 26. gairdneri, Dryobates pubescens, 187. Fraterculine, 25. galbula, Icterus, 238. frazari, Butorides virescens, 98. galeata, Gallinula, 105. frazari, Hematopus, 133. Galline, 134, 387. Fregata, 65. Gallinago, 110. Fregatide, 65. gallinago, Gallinago, 110. Fregetta, 58. . Gallinula, 105. Fringillide, 240, 372, 392. Gallinule, Florida, 105. frontalis, Carpodacus mexicanus, Purple, 105. 244. Gallinuline, 105. frontalis Cyanocitta stelleri, 223. Gallinuloides, 388. frugilegus, Corvus, 229. Gallinuloidide, 388. fulgens, Eugenes, 201. gallopavo, Meleagris, 145. * Fulica, 106, 386. gambeli, Anser albifrons, 85. fulicarius, Phalaropus, 107. gambeli, Lanius ludovicianus, 297. Fulicine, 106. gambeli, Lophortyx, 137. fuliginosa, Passerella iliaca, 278. gambeli, Penthestes, 450. fuliginosus, Dendragapus obscurus, gambeli, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 262. 138. Gannet, 61. Fuliguline, 73. garrula, Bombycilla, 295. Fulmar, 50. Garruline, 221. Giant, 50. Gastornithes, 378. Pacific, 50. Gastornithide, 378. Rodgers’s, 51. Gavia, 24. Slender-billed, 51. Gaviide, 24. Fulmarine, 50. Gelochelidon, 42. INDEX. Geococcyx, 180. georgiana, Melospiza, 276. ) Geothlypis, 322. Geotryon, 151. gigantea, Diatryma, 378. giganteus, Alabamornis, 392. giganteus, Macronectes, 50. gilli, Paleotetrix, 387. gilva, Vireosylva, 299. giraudi, Otocoris alpestris, 220. glacialis, Fulmarus, 50. glacialoides, Priocella, 51. glareola, Rhyacophilus, 121. glaucescens, Larus, 37. glaucescens, Xanthoura luxuosa, 226. , Glaucidium, 177. glaucogastra, Branta bernicla, 87. _Glottis, 119. glupischa, Fulmarus glacialis, 50. Gnateatcher, Black-tailed, 358. Blue-gray, 357. Plumbeous, 358. Western, 358. gnoma, Glaucidium, 178. Godwit, Black-tailed, 119. Hudsonian, 119. Marbled, 118. Pacific, 119. Golden-eye, 76. Barrow’s, 76. Goldfinch, 248. Arkansas, 249. Black-headed, 250. Green-backed, 249. Lawrence’s, 249. Pale, 249. Willow, 249. Goose, Barnacle, 87. Bean, 85. Blue, 84. Cackling, 86. Canada, 86. Emperor, 88. European White-fronted, 85. Greater Snow, 83. Hutchins’s, 86. 407 Goose, Pink-footed, 85. Ross’s, 84. Snow, 83. White-cheeked, 86. White-fronted, 85. Goshawk, 156. Mexican, 160. Western, 156. gracie, Dendroica, 316. gracilis, Aletornis, 384. gracilis, Hargeria, 377. Grackle, Boat-tailed, 240. Bronzed, 239. Florida, 239. Great-tailed, 240. Purple, 239. Graculavus, 381. grallaria, Fregetta, 58. graminea, Melospiza melodia, 274. gramineus, Pocecetes, 253. grammacus, Chondestes, 260. gravis, Puffinus, 52. Grassquit, 287. Melodius, 287. Grebe, Eared, 22. Holbeell’s, 22. Horned, 22. Mexican, 23. Pied-billed, 23. Western, 21. Green-shank, 119. grind, Psaltriparus minimus, 353. grinnelli, Regulus calendula, 357. griseonucha, Leucosticte, 246. griseus, Bseolophus inornatus, 348. griseus, Empidonax, 217. griseus, Macrorhamphus, 111. griseus, Perisoreus obscurus, 227. griseus, Puffinus, 53. griseus, Telmatodytes palustris, 243. griseus, Vireo, 301. Grosbeak, Alaska Pine, 242. Black-headed, 284. Blue, 285. California Pine, 242. Evening, 241. 408 Grosbeak, Kadiak Pine, 242. Pine, 241. Rocky Mountain, 242. Rose-breasted, 284. Western Blue, 285. Western Evening, 241. ~ Grouse, Canada Ruffed, 140. Columbian Sharp-tailed, 144. Dusky, 138. Franklin’s, 139. Gray Ruffed, 140. Oregon Ruffed, 140. Prairie Sharp-tailed, 144. Richardson’s, 138. Ruffed, 140. Sharp-tailed, 144. Sierra, 138. Sooty, 138. Grues, 100, 384. Gruide, 100, 384. Grus, 100, 384. grylle, Cepphus, 30. guadeloupensis, Salpinctes, 336. Guara, 91. guarauna, Plegadis, 92. gubernator, Agelaius, 234. Guillemot, Black, 30. Black-winged, 369. Mandt’s, 30. Pigeon, 31. Guiraca, 284. Gull, Bonaparte’s, 40. California, 39. Franklin’s, 40. Glaucous, 36. Glaucous-winged, 37. Great Black-backed, 37. Heermann’s, 40. Herring, 38. Iceland, 36. Ivory, 35. Kumlien’s, 37. Laughing, 40. Little, 41. Mew, 39. Nelson’s, 37. INDEX. Gull, Ring-billed, 39. Ross’s, 41. Sabine’s, 41. Short-billed, 39. Siberian, 38. Slaty-backed, 37. Swallow-tailed, 369. Vega, 38. Western, 38. guttata, Hylocichla, 361. guttatus, Passerculus rostratus, 255. gutturalis, Vermivora rubricapillus, 308. Gymnogyps, 152. gyrfalco, Falco rusticolus, 164. Gyrfalcon, 164. Black, 164. Gray, 163. White, 163. HZMASTICA, Limosa, 119. Hematopodide, 132. Hematopus, 132. Halizetus, 162. haliaétus, Pandion, 168. Halocyptina, 55. hammondi, Empidonax, 216. Harelda, 77. Hargeria, 377. harlani, Buteo borealis, 157. Harporhynchus, 334. harrisi, Dryobates villosus, 186. harrisi, Parabuteo unicinctus, 157. hasitata, Adstrelata, 54. « Hawk, Black Pigeon, 165. Broad-winged, 159. Cooper’s, 156. Cuban Sparrow, 167. Desert Sparrow, 167. Duck, 164. Florida Red-shouldered, 158. Harlan’s, 158. Harris’s, 157. Krider’s, 157. Little Sparrow, 167. _ Marsh, 155. Hawk, Mexican Black, 160. Pigeon, 165. Red-bellied, 158. Red-shouldered, 158. Red-tailed, 157. Richardson’s Pigeon, 165. Rough-legged, 161. San Lucas, 167. Sennett’s White-tailed, 159. Sharp-shinned, 155. Short-tailed, 160. , Sparrow, 166. Swainson’s, 159. Zone-tailed, 159. haydeni, Grus, 384. heermanni, Larus, 40. heermanni, Melospiza melodia, 273. . Heleodytes, 335. Helinaia, 305. helleri, Nannus hiemalis, 341. Helmitheros, 395. * Helodromas, 120. Hen, Heath, 143. Sage, 145. Henhawk, Cooper’s, 372. henryi, Chordeiles virginianus, 198. henshawi, Chama fasciata, 355. henslowi, Passerherbulus, 257. hepatica, Piranga, 289. Herodias, 96. herodias, Ardea, 95. Herodii, 94, 383. Herodiones, 91, 383. Heron, Anthony’s Green, 98. Black-crowned Night, 99. European, 96. Frazar’s Green, 98. Great Blue, 95. Great White, 95. Green, 98. Little Blue, 98. Louisiana, 97. Northwestern Coast, 95. Ward’s, 96. Yellow-crowned Night, 99. hesperia, Progne subis, 290. INDEX. Hesperiphona, 240. 409 hesperis, Chordeiles virginianus, 199, hesperis, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 228. hesperophilus, Astragalinus psaltria, 249, Hesperornis, 377. Hesperornithide, Heteractitis, 122. 377. heterocnemis, Bubo virginianus, 176. hiaticula, A%gialitis, 128. hiemalis, Nannus, 340, 341. Hierofalco, 163. Himantopus, 109. himantopus, Micropalama, 112. Hirundinide, 290. » Hirundo, 292. hirundo, Sterna, 44. Histrionicus, 77. histrionicus, Histrionicus, 77. holbeelli, Acanthis linaria, 248. holbeelli, Colymbus, 22. homochroa, Oceanodroma, 57. homorus, Dryobates pubescens, 187. hoopesi, Sturnella magna, 235. hornbyi, Oceanodroma, 370. hornemanni, Acanthis, 247. hoskinsi, Glaucidium, 178. hoyti, Otocoris alpestris, 221. hudsonia, Pica pica, 221. hudsonius, Circus, 155. hudsonicus, Numenius, 125. hudsonicus, Penthestes, 351. Hummingbird, Allen’s, 204. Anna’s, 203. Black-chinned, 202. Blue-throated, 202. Broad-billed, 206. Broad-tailed, 203. Buff-bellied, 205. Calliope, 204. Costa’s, 203. Lucifer, 205. Morcom’s, 204. Rieffer’s, 205. Rivoli, 201. Ruby-throated, 202. é 410 INDEX. Hummingbird, Rufous, 204. Salvin’s, 206. White-eared, 206. Xantus’s, 206. hutchinsi, Branta canadensis, 86. huttoni, Vireo, 302. Hydranassa, 97. »Hydrochelidon, 46. hyemalis, Harelda, 77. hyemalis, Junco, 266. Hylocichla, 359. hyloscopus, Dryobates villosus, 186. hyperboreus, Chen, 83. hyperboreus, Larus, 36. impennis, Plautus, 32, impiger, Penthestes carolinensis, 350. inca, Scardafella, 151. incanus, Heteractitis, 122. inornatus, Bzeolophus, 348. inornatus, Catoptrophorus semipal- matus, 122. insignis, Melospiza melodia, 275. insuiaris, Aphelocoma, 225. insularis, Junco, 269. insularis, Otocoris alpestris, 221. insularis, Passerella iliaca, 278. intermedia, Meleagris gallopavo, 146. interpres, Arenaria, 131. hyperboreus, Plectrophenax, 251. involucratus, Tangavius xeneus, 232. hypochrysea, Dendroica palmarum,. [onornis, 105. 318. Iridoprocne, 293. hypogea, Speotyto cunicularia, 177. _islandica, Clangula, 76. hypoleuca, Aphelocoma californica, islandus, Falco, 163. 225. Ixobrychus, 94. hypoleucus, Brachyramphus, 30. Ixoreus, 364. hypsibata, Branta, 382 JABIRU, 93. Isip#, 91. Jacana, 133. Ibides, 91. Mexican, 133. Ibis, Glossy, 92. Jacanide, 133. Scarlet, 92. Jaeger, Long-tailed, 34. White, 91. Parasitic, 34. White-faced, 92. Pomarine, 34. Wood, 93. jamaicensis, Creciscus, 104. Ichthyornis, 375. jamaicensis, Erismatura, 82. 4 Ichthyornithidee, 375. Icteria, 323. Icteridx, 231, 372, 391. , Icterus, 236. icterus, Ieterus, 372. Tetinia, 151. Jay, Alaskan, 227. Arizona, 225. Belding’s, 225. Black-headed, 223. Blue, 222. Blue-eared, 224. Blue-fronted, 223. California, 225. Canada, 226. Coast, 223. Couch’s, 225. Florida, 224. idahensis, Phalacrocorax, 381. idahoensis, Otus flammeola, 174. igneus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 283. ignota, Geothlypis trichas, 322. iliaca, Passerella, 277. iliacus, Telmatodytes palustris, 343 imberbe, Camptostoma, 218. immer, Gavia, 24. immutabilis, Diomedea, 49. Florida Blue, 222. Gray, 227. Green, 226. Jay, Labrador, 227. Long-crested, 223. Oregon, 227. Pifion, 230. Queen Charlotte, 223. Rocky Mountain, 226. Santa Cruz, 225. Steller’s, 222. Texas, 224. Woodhouse’s, 224. Xantus’s, 225. juddi, Melospiza melodia, 274. Junco, 266. ,Junco, Arizona, 268. Baird’s, 268. Carolina, 267. Gray-headed, 268. Guadalupe, 269. Montana, 267. Oregon, 266. Pink-sided, 267. Point Pinos, 267. Red-backed, 268. Ridgway’s, 268. Slate-colored, 266. Shufeldt’s, 266. Thurber’s, 267. Townsend’s, 268. White-winged, 266. K£®DINGI, Oceanodroma, 56. kenaiensis, Melospiza melodia, 275. kennicotti, Otus asio, 173. Kestril, 166. ~ Killdeer, 128. Kingbird, 208. Arkansas, 209. Cassin’s, 209. Couch’s, 209. Gray, 208. Kingfisher, Belted, 183. Ringed, 184. Texas, 184. Kinglet, Cuvier’s, 374. Dusky, 357. Golden-crowned, 356. INDEX. 411 Kinglet, Ruby-crowned, 356. Sitka, 357. Western Golden-crowned, 356. kirtlandi, Dendroica, 317. Kite, Everglade, 155. Mississippi, 154. Swallow-tailed, 153. White-tailed, 154. Kittiwake, 35. Pacific, 36. Red-legged, 36. Knot, 112. krideri, Buteo borealis, 157. kuhli, Puffinus, 370. kumlieni, Larus, 37. LABRADORIUS, Camptorhynchus, 78. ,Lagopus, 140. lagopus, Archibuteo, 161. lagopus, Lagopus, 140. lazula, Guiraca ecxerulea, 285. laguna, Sitta carolinensis, 346. lamprocephalus, Auriparus flaviceps, 354. Laniide, 296. , Lanius, 296. Lanivireo, 300. Laopteryx, 375. Laornis, 383. lapponica, Limosa, 118. lapponica, Scotiaptex nebulosa, 171. lapponicus, Calearius, 251. Lapwing, 126. Laridex, 35, 369, 380. Larine, 35. Lark, California Horned, 220. Desert Horned, 219. Dusky Horned, 220. Horned, 219. Hoyt’s Horned, 221. Island Horned, 221. Montezuma Horned, 221. Pallid Horned, 219. Prairie Horned, 219. Ruddy Horned, 220. Scorched Horned, 220. 412 Lark, Sonoran Horned, 220. Streaked Horned, 220. Texas Horned, 220. Larus, 36, 380. latirostris, Cynanthus, 206. lawrencei, Astragalinus, 249. lawrencei, Myiarchus, 211. lazula, Guiraca czerulea, 285. lecontei, Passerherbulus, 258. lecontei, Toxostoma, 334. lentiginosus, Botaurus, 94. lentus, Ichthyornis, 376. lepida, Tachycineta thalassina, 293. Leptopelicanus, 65. leptosteus, Bubo, 390. Leptotila, 149. leucocephala, Columba, 147. leucocephalus, Halizetus, 162. leucogastra, Sula, 60. leucolema, Otocoris alpestris, 219. leucomelas, Dryobates villosus, 185. leuconota, Sitta pygmea, 247. leucophzea, Calidris, 118. leucophrys, Thryomanes, 339. leucophrys, Zonotrichia, 261. leucopsis, Branta, 87. leucoptera, Hydrochelidon, 47. leucoptera, Loxia, 245. leucopterus, Larus, 36. leucopterus, Mimus polyglottos, 331. leucorhoa, Oceanodroma, 57. leucorhoa, Saxicola cenanthe, 366. Leucosticte, 246. leucotis, Basilinna, 206. leucura, Pinicola enucleator, 241. leucurus, Elanus, 154. leucurus, Lagopus, 142. levipes, Rallus, 102. lewisi, Asyndesmus, 193. Ihermineri, Puffinus, 52. Limicolz, 107, 386. « Limosa, 118. limosa, Limosa, 119. Limpkin, 101. linaria, Acanthis, 248. lincolni, Melospiza, 276. INDEX. lineatus, Buteo, 158. . Linnet, Brewster’s, 372. littoralis, Leucosticte, 246. littoralis, Paleotringa, 386. littoralis, Penthestes hudsonicus, 351. Noydi, Psaltriparus melanotis, 353. lobatus, Lobipes, 107. »Lobipes, 107. lomitensis, Thryothorus ludovicianus, 338. lomvia, Uria, 31, 32. longicauda, Bartramia, 123. longicauda, Icteria virens, 324. longicaudus, Stercorarius, 34. . Longipennes, 33, 380. longirostre, Toxostoma, 332. longirostris, Rallus, 103. Longspur, Alaska, 252. Chestnut-collared, 252. Lapland, 251. McCown’s, 252. Smith’s, 252. Loon, 24. Black-throated, 24. Pacific, 25. Red-throated, 25. Yellow-billed, 24. . Lophodytes, 67. yLophortyx, 136. . Loxia, 245. loxostyla, Sula, 380. lucaris, Uintornis, 391. lucasi, Pedicecetes, 387. lucasanus, Dryobates scalaris, 188. lucasanus, Lanivireo solitarius, 301. lucie, Vermivora, 307. lucifer, Calothorax, 205. Lunda, 25. ludoviciana, Piranga, 288. ludoviciana, Zamelodia, 284. ludovicianus, Lanius, 297. ludovicianus, Thryothorus, 337. lunifrons, Petrochelidon, 291. luteiventris, Myiodynastes, 210. lutescens, Vermivora celata, 308. luteus, Colaptes auratus, 194. INDEX. lutosus, Polyborus, 168. luxuosa, Xanthoura, 226. MACFARLANEI, Otus asio, 174. macgillivrayi, Passerherbulus mari- timus, 260. , Machetes, 123. Macrochires, 196. macrodactyla, Oceanodroma, 57. macromystax, Antrostomus voci- ferus, 197. Macronectes, 50. macropus, Phalacrocorax, 381. Macrorhamphus, 111. macroura, Zenaidura, 148. macrourus, Megaquisculus major, 240. macularia, Actitis, 124. maculata, Pisobia, 114. maculatus, Pipilo, 279. maculosa, Anas fulvigula, 69. magister, Myiarchus, 210, 211. magna, Sturnella, 235. magnirostris, Pipilo maculata, 280. magnolia, Dendroica, 313. magnus, Cyphornis, 381. . Magpie, 221. Yellow-billed, 222. major, Megaquiscalus, 240. Mallard, 68. Mancalla, 379. mandti, Cepphus, 30. Man-o’-War-bird, 66. . Mareca, 69. marianz, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. _Marila, 74, 75. marila, Marila, 75. marina, Pelagodroma, 59. marinus, Larus, 37. maritima, Arquatella, 113. maritimus, Passerherbulus, 259. marmoratus, Brachyramphus, 29. Martin, Cuban, 291. European, 294. Gray-breasted, 291. Purple, 290. Western, 290. 413 martinicus, Ionornis, 105. mauri, Ereunetes, 117. maxillaris, Melospiza melodia, 275. maxima, Sterna, 63. maxwellix, Otus asio, 173. maynardi, Coccyzus minor, 181. maynardi, Vireo griseus, 302. meealli, Ortalis vetula, 146. mecalli, Otus asio, 173. mccowni, Rhynchophanes, 252. megregori, Carpodacus, 244. Meadowlark, 235. Rio Grande, 235. Southern, 235. Western, 236. mearnsi, Cyrtonyx montezume, 137. mearnsi, Junco hyemalis, 267. mearnsi, Toxostoma cinereum, 333. media, Gallinago, 111. medianus, Dryobates pubescens, 187. medius, Vireo belli, 303. Megaceryle, 183. Megalestris, 33. megalonyx, Pipilo maculatus, 280. Megaquiscalus, 240. megarhyncha, Passerella iliaca, 277. melancholicus, Tyrannus, 208. - Melanerpes, 192. melania, Oceanodroma, 57. Melanitta, 81. melanocephala, Arenaria, 132. melanocephala, Zamelodia, 284. melanocephalus, Icterus, 236. melanocorys, Calamospiza, 288. melanogastra, Petrochelidon frons, 292. melanoleucus, Aéronautes, 201. melanoleucus, Totanus, 120. melanotis Psaltriparus, 353. Meleagridx, 145, 388. »Meleagris, 145, 388. meliger, Nannus, 341. meloda, Adgialitis, 129. melodia, Melospiza, 272. luni- . Melopelia, 149. . Melospiza, 272. 414 . Merganser, 66. Hooded, 67. Red-breasted, 67. Mergellus, 67. Mergine, 66. - Mergus, 66. Merlin, 166. merriami, Meleagris gallopavo, 145. merriami, Teratornis, 389. merrilli, Melospiza melodia, 274. merrilli, Nyetidromus albicollis, 198. merrilli, Otocoris alpestris, 220. meruloides, Ixoreus nevius, 365. mesoleucus, Pipilo fuscus, 281. mexicana, Grus, 100. mexicana, Sialia, 367. mexicanus, Carpodacus, 244. mexicanus, Catherpes, 336, 337. mexicanus, Cinclus, 329, 330. mexicanus, Falco, 164. mexicanus, Himantopus, 109. mexicanus, Phalacrocorax vigua, 63. mexicanus, Pyrocephalus rubinus,217. ludovici- miamensis, Thryothorus anus, 338. microcephala, Wilsonia, 373. Micropalama, 112. Micropallas, 178. Micropodide, 200. Micropodine, 201. microsoma, Halocyptena, 55. micrus, Vireo griseus, 302. migrans, Lanius ludovicianus, 298. migratorius, Ectopistes, 148. migratorius, Planesticus, 363. Mimide, 330. Mimus, 330. minima, Branta canadensis, 86. minimus, Empidonax, 216. minimus, Psaltriparus, 352, 353. minor, Coccyzus, 181. minor, Fulica, 386. minor, Loxia curvirostra, 245. minor, Philohela, 110. minutilla, Pisobia, 115. minutus, Larus, 41. INDEX. mississippiensis, Ictinia, 154. Mniotilta, 304. Mniotiltide, 304, 373. Mockingbird, 331. Western, 331. mollissima, Somateria, 79. , Molothrus, 231. mongola, Agialitis, 129. monocerata, Cerorhinea, 27. montana, Certhia familiaris, 344. montana, Dendroica, 373. montana, Geotrygon, 151. montana, Hesperiphona vespertina, 241. montana, Melospiza melodia, 273. montana, Pinicola enucleator, 242. montanus, Junco hyemalis, 267. montanus, Oreoscoptes, 330. montanus, Pipilo maculatus, 280. montanus, Podasocys, 130. montezumez, Cyrtonyx, 137. monticola, Dryobates villosus, 186. monticola, Spizella, 263. morcomi, Atthis, 204. morelleti, Sporophila, 287. morinella, Arenaria interpres, 131. morinellus, Eudromias, 126. morphna, Melospiza melodia, 273. » Motacilla, 327. motacilla, Seiurus, 320. Motacillide, 327. motzfeldi, Cepphus, 369. Murre, 31. Briinnich’s, 32. California, 31. Pallas’s, 32. Murrelet, Ancient, 29. Craver’s, 30. Kittlitz’s, 29. Marbled, 29. Xantus’s, 30. Muscivora, 207. musicus, Turdus, 363. mustelina, Hylocichla, 359. Myadestes, 358. Myadestine, 358. INDEX. , Mycteria, 93. mycteria, Jabiru, 93. Mycteriine, 93. Myiarchus, 210. Myiochanes, 213. Myiodynastes, 210. N&vIvs, Ixoreus, 364. nevius, Nycticorax nycticorax, 99. nana, Hylocichla guttata, 362. Nannus, 340. nanus, Pedicecetes, 387. naumanni, Fratercula arctica, 26. nebouxi, Sula, 60. nebularius, Glottis, 119. nebulosa, Scotiaptex, 171. neglecta, Sturnella, 236. neglectus, Penthestes rufescens, 352. nelsoni, Dryobates pubescens, 187. nelsoni, Icterus cucullatus, 237. nelsoni, Lagopus rupestris, 141. nelsoni, Larus, 37. nelsoni, Myiarchus magister, 211. nelsoni, Passerherbulus, 258. nelsoni, Sitta carolinensis, 346. Neocorys, 329. Neomorphine, 180. neoxenus, Ixobrychus, 95. Netta, 73. Nettion, 70. neutralis, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. nevadensis, Amphispiza, 270. niger, Cypseloides, 200. Nighthawk, 198. Florida, 199. Pacific, 199. Sennett’s, 199. Texas, 199. Western, 198. nigra, Hydrochelidon, 47. nigra, Rynchops, 48. nigrescens, Dendroica, 316. nigrescens, Passerherbulus, 260. nigricans, Branta, 87. nigricans, Sayornis, 212. nigricapillus, Perisoreus canadensis, 227. 415 nigricollis, Colymbus, 22. nigrifrons, Dendroica auduboni, 313. nigrilora, Compsothlypis pitiayumi, 310. nigripes, Diomedea, 48. nilotica, Gelochelidon, 42. nitens, Phainopepla, 296. nitidus, Phalzenoptilus nuttalli, 197. nivalis, Chen hyperboreus, 83. nivalis, Plectrophenax, 250, 251. nivosa, Adgialitis, 129. nobilis, Aletornis, 384. Noddy, 47. Nomonyx, 83. notabilis, Seiurus 320. notatus, Spinus, 250. notkensis, Sphyrapicus ruber, 191. noveboracensis, Coturnicops, 104. noveboracensis, Seiurus, 319. nuchalis, Sphyrapicus varius, 190. Nucifraga, 229. Numenius, 124. Nutcracker, Clarke’s, 230. Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 346. Florida White-breasted, 345. Pigmy, 346. Red-breasted, 346. Rocky Mountain, 346. Slender-billed, 345. San Lucas, 346. White-breasted, 345. White-naped, 347. nuttalli, Dryobates, 188. nuttalli, Phalenoptilus, 197. nuttalli, Pica, 222. nuttalli, Zonotrichia leucophrys, 262. Nuttallornis, 213. noveboracensis, \ Nyctanassa, 99. »Nyctea, 176. nyctea, Nyctea, 176. Nycticorax, 99. nycticorax, Nycticorax, 99. »Nyctidromus, 198. Nyroca, 74. opscura, Aphelocoma californica,225. t é 416 obscura, Polioptila czrulea, 358. obscurus, Dendragapus, 138. obscurus, Molothrus ater, 232. obscurus, Regulus, 357. obscurus, Perisoreus, 227. obscurus, Vireo huttoni, 303. obsoletus, Faleo rusticolus, 164. obsoletus, Rallus, 102. obsoletus, Salpinctes, 336. occidentalis, Aichmophorus, 21. occidentalis, Ardea, 95. occidentalis, Branta canadensis, 86. occidentalis, Catharista, 389. occidentalis, Certhia familiaris, 344. occidentalis, Coccyzus americanus, 182. occidentalis, Dendroica, 317. occidentalis, Geothlypis trichas, 322. occidentalis, Larus, 38. occidentalis, Otocoris alpestris, 221. occidentalis, Passerherbulus henslowi, 258. occidentalis, Pelecanus, 65. occidentalis, Penthestes atricapillus, 349. occidentalis, Sialia, 367. occidentalis, Strix, 170. oceanicus, Oceanites, 58. Oceanites, 58. Oceanitine, 58. Oceanodrama, 56. ochracea, Spizella monticola, 363. ochrophus, Helodromas, 121. Ochthodromus, 130. Odontoglosse, 90, 383. Odontolesx, 377. Odontophoride, 134. Odontorme, 375. cenanthe, Saxicola, 365, 366. Oidemia, 80. Old-squaw, 77. olivacea, Vireosylva, 298. olivacens, Myiarchus lawrencei, 211. olivaceus, Peucedramus, 310. olivaceus, Regulus satrapa, 356. Olor, 89, 382. INDEX. Onychoprion, 46. opisthomelas, Puffinus, 53. Oporornis 320. oreganus, Junco, 266. oregonus, Larus, 380. oregonus, Pipilo maculatus, 280. Orecrtyx, 135. Oreoscoptes, 330. Oreospiza, 282. ~Oriole, Arizona, 237. Audubon’s, 236. Baltimore, 238. Bullock’s, 238. Orchard, 237. Scott’s, 236. Sennett’s, 237. ornatus, Calcarius, 252. Ornithopappi, 375. Ornithure, 375. . Ortalis, 146. oryzivorus, Dolichonyx, 231. osborni, Creccoides, 385. Oscines, 218. osceola, Meleagris gallopavo, 146. osgoodi, Canachites canadensis, 139. Osprey, 168. ossifragus, Corvus, 229. ostralegus, Hzmatopus, 132. Otocoris, 219. ~Ocusyli2: Oven-bird, 319. _ , Owl, Aiken’s Screech, 173. Arctic Horned, 175. Barn, 168. Barred, 170. Burrowing, 177. California Pygmy, 178. California Screech, 173. Dusky Horned, 175. Dwarf Horned, 175. Dwarf Screech, 174. Elf, 178. European Hawk, 176. Ferruginous Pygmy, 178. Flammulated Screech, 174. Florida Barred, 170. Owl, Florida Burrowing, 177. Florida Screech, 173. Great Gray, 171. Great Horned, 175. Hawk, 177. Hoskins’s Pygmy, 178. Kennicott’s Screech, 173. Labrador Horned, 176. Lapp, 171. Long-eared, 169. MacFarlane’s Screech, 174. Mexican Screech, 173. Northern Spotted, 170. Northwestern Saw-whet, 172. Pacific Horned, 175. Pygmy, 178. Richardson’s, 171. Rocky Mountain Screech, 173. Saint Michael Horned, 176. Saw-whet, 172. Screech, 172. Short-eared, 169. Snowy, 176. Spotted, 170. Spotted Screech, 174. Texas Barred, 170. Texas Screech, 173. Western Horned, 175. Xantus’s Screech, 174. , Oxyechus, 128. . Oyster-catcher, 132. Black, 133. European, 132. Frazar’s, 133. < INDEX. 417 pallescens, Bubo virginianus, 175. pallescens, Chaemepelia passerina, 150. palliatus, Heematopus, 132. palliatus, Junco phzeonotus, 268. pallida, Otocoris alpestris, 220. pallida, Spizella, 264. pallidicinctus, Tympanuchus, 144. pallidiventris, Myiochanes pertinax, Dos pallidus, Astragalinus tristis, 249. palmarum, Dendroica, 318. palmeri, Toxostoma curvirostre, 333. paloccidentalis, Ardea, 383. paloregonus, Olor, 382. palpebrata, Phoebetria, 49. paludicola, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. Paludicols, 100, 384. palustris, Telmatodytes, 342. « Pandion, 168. Pandionide, 168. papa, Sarcorhamphus, 371. Parabuteo, 156. paradiseea, Sterna, 44. parasiticus, Stercorarius, 34. Parauque, Merrill’s, 198. Paride, 347. parisorum, Icterus, 236. parkmani, Troglodytes aédon, 340. Paroquet, Carolina, 179. . Parrot, Thick-billed, 179. , Partridge, Alaska Spruce, 139. Canada Spruce, 139. Hudsonian Spruce, 139. pascuus, Corvus brachyrhynchos, 228. PACHYRHYNCHA, Rhynchopsitta, 179. » Passerculus, 254. pacifica, Gavia, 25. pacificus, Bubo virginianus, 175. pacificus, Nannus hiemalis, 341. ,Pagophila, 35. Palzoborus, 389. .Palonornis, 393. Palospiza, 392. Paleotetrix, 387. Paleotringa, 386. pallasi, Hylocichla guttata, 362. » Passerella, 277. , Passeres, 207, 391. Passerherbulus, 257. , Passerina, 285. passerina, Chemepelia, 150. passerina, Spizella, 263. paulus, Falco sparverius, 167. » Pavo, 387. pealei, Falco peregrinus, 164. Pedicecetes, 144, 387. « - 418 pelagica, Cheetura, 200. pelagica, Thalassidroma, 56. pelagicus, Phalacrocorax, 64, Pelagodroma, 59. Pelecanide, 64, 381. Pelecanus, 64. Pelican, Brown, 65. California Brown, 65. White, 65. Pelidna, 115. Pelionetta, 82. Pendulinus, 237. penelope, Mareca, 69. Penelopes, 146, 388. Penelopine, 146. penicillatus, Phalacrocorax, 63. peninsule, Myiochanes richardsoni, 214. peninsule, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. peninsule, Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, 284. peninsularis, Falco sparverius, 167. peninsularis, Lagopus leucurus, 143. pensylvanica, Dendroica, 314. Penthestes, 349. peregrina, Vermivora, 309. peregrinus, Falco, 164. INDEX. Petrel, Scaled, 55. Socorro, 58. Storm, 56. White-bellied, 58. White-faced, 59. Wilson’s, 58. Petrochelidon, 291. Peucza, 270. Peucedramus, 310. Pewee, Large-billed, 214. Western Wood, 214. Wood, 213. pha, Chama fasciata, 355. phezonotus, Junco, 268. phzopus, Numenius, 125. Phaéthon, 59. Phaéthontide, 59. Phainopepla, 296. Phalacrocoracidz, 62, 381. - Phalacrocorax, 62, 381. Phalenoptilus, 197. Phalarope, Northern, 107. Red, 107. Wilson’s, 108. Phalaropodide, 107. Phalaropus, 107. Phaleris, 27. phalcena, Falco sparverius, 167. phalcenoides, Glaucidium, 178. phasianellus, Pedicecetes, 144. Phasiani, 134, 387. Phasianide, 387. Philacte, 88. philadelphia, Larus, 40. - Perisoreus, 226. Perissoglossa, 310. pernix, Aletornis, 485. perspicillata, Oidemia, 82. pertinax, Myiarchus cinerascens, 210. pertinax, Myiochanes, 213. Petrel, Ashy, 57. Black, 57. philadelphia, Oporornis, 321. Black-capped, 54. philadelphica, Vireosylva, 299. Bulwer’s 55. « Philohela, 110. Fisher’s, 55. Pheebastria, 48. Fork-tailed, 56. Pheebe, 212. Guadaloupe, 57. Black, 212. Hawaiian, 57. Say’s, 212. Hornby’s, 370. pheebe, Sayornis, 212. Leach’s, 57. Pheebetria, 49. Least, 55. phoeniceus, Agelaius, 233. Kaeding’s, 56. Pheenicopteride, 90, 383. Pintado, 51. Phoenicopterus, 90, 383. INDEX. Phiceotomus, 191. « Pica, 221. pica, Pica, 221. Pici, 185, 391. Picicorvus, 229. * Picide, 185. - Picoides, 189. picoideus, Dryobates villosus, 186. picta, Oreortyx, 135. picta, Setophaga, 326. pictus, Calearius, 252. . Pigeon, Band-tailed, 147. Passenger, 148. Red-billed, 147. Sealed, 148. Viosca’s, 147. White-crowned, 147. pileatus, Phlceotomus, 191, 192. pileolata, Wilsonia pusilla, 325. Pinicola, 241. pinosus, Junco hyemalis, 267. Pintail, 72. pinus, Spinus, 250. pinus, Vermivora, 306. , Pipilo, 279. Pipit, 328. Meadow, 328. Red-throated, 329. Sprague’s, 329. Piranga, 288. piscator, Sula, 61. _ Pisobia, 113. pitiayumi, Compsothlypis, 310. Pitangus, 209. plagiata, Asturina, 160. Planesticus, 363. Plataleide, 91. platycercus, Selasphorus, 203. Platypsaris, 207. platypterus, Buteo, 159. platyrhynchos, Anas, 68. Plautus, 32. Plectrophenax, 250. Plegadis, 92. plesius, Telmatodytes palustris, 343. pliogryps, Aquila, 390. 419 Plover, Black-bellied, 126. European Golden, 127. Golden, 127. Little Ringed, 129. Mongolian, 129. Mountain, 130. Pacific Golden, 127. Piping, 129. Ringed, 128. Semipalmated, 128. Snowy, 129. Upland, 123. Wilson’s, 130. plumbea, Polioptila, 358. plumbeus, Lanivireo solitarius, 300. plumbeus, Psaltriparus, 353. plumifera, Oreortyx picta, 135. Podasocys, 130. podiceps, Podilymbus, 23. Podilymbus, 23. poliocephala, Chamethlypis, 323. Polioptila, 357. Polioptiline, 357. pollicaris, Rissa tridactyla, 36. Polyborine, 167. Polyborus, 167. polyglottos, Mimus, 330, 331. Polysticta, 54. pomarinus, Stercorarius, 34. Pocecetes, 253. Poor-will, 197. Dusky, 197. Frosted, 197. Porzana, 103. porzana, Porzana, 103. pratensis, Anthus, 328. praticola, Otocoris alpestris, 219. pratincola, Aluco, 168. princeps, Passerculus, 254. principalis, Campephilus, 185. principalis, Corvus corax, 228. Priocella, 51. Priofinus, 54. priscus, Laopteryx, 375. priscus, Telmatornis, 385. proavus, Grus, 384. 420 Procellariide, 50, 370, 380. Procellariine, 55. . Progne, 290. propinqua, Branta, 382. propinquus, Planesticus migratorius, 363. Protonotaria, 305. psaltria, Astragalinus, 249. Psaltriparus, 352. . Psittaci, 179. « Psittacide, 179. psittacula, Phaleris, 27. Ptarmigan, Adak, 142. Alexander’s, 141. Allen’s, 141. Dixon’s, 142. Evermann’s, 142. Kenai White-tailed, 143. Nelson’s, 141. Reinharat’s, 141. Rock, 141. Townsend’s, 142. Turner’s, 141. Welch’s, 142. White-tailed, 142. Willow, 140. Pteropappi, 375. ptilocnemis, Arquatella, 112. Ptilogonatids, 296. ~ Ptychoramphus, 27. pubescens, Dryobates, 187. Puffin, 26. Horned, 26. Large-billed, 26. Tufted, 25. Puffinide, 52. Puffinus, 52, 380. puffinus, Puffinus, 52. pugnax, Machetes, 123. pulchra, Passerina versicolor, 286. pulverius, Salpinctes obsoletus, 336. pumilus, Graculavus, 381. punctulatus, Catherpes mexicanus, 337. purpureus, Carpodacus, 248. pusilla, Aithia, 28. INDEX. . pusilla, Sitta, 346. pusilla, Spizella, 265. pusilla, Wilsonia, 325. pusillula, Melospiza melodia, 274. pusillus, Ereunetes, 117. pusillus, Vireo belli, 303. pygmeza, Aithia, 28. pygmea, Sitta, 346. pygmzus, Empidonax fulvifrons, 217. pygmeus, Eurynorhynchus, 117. Pygopodes, 21, 379. Pyrocephalus, 217. Pyrrhula, 242. Pyrrhuloxia, 283. Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 283. San Lucas, 284. Texas, 283. a A Qual, California, 136. Chestnut-bellied, 136. Gambel’s, 137. Mearns’s, 137. Mountain, 135 Plumed, 135. San Pedro, 135. Scaled, 136. Valley, 136. Quail-Dove, Blue-headed, 151. Key West, 151 Ruddy, 151. Querquedula, 71. querula, Zonotrichia, 261. .. Quiscalus, 239. quiscula, Quiscalus, 239. Ratt, Belding’s, 102. Black, 104. California Clapper, 102. Caribbean Clapper, 103. Clapper, 102. Farallon, 104. Florida Clapper, 102. King, 101. Louisiana Clapper, 102. Light-footed, 102. Virginia. 103. INDEX. Rail, Wayne’s Clapper, 102. Yellow, 104. Ralli, 101, 385. Rallide, 101, 385. Ralline, 101. Rallus, 101. Raptores, 152, 389. rara, Cimolopteryx, 392. Raven, 228. Northern, 228. White-necked, 228. Recurvirostra, 108. Recurvirostride, 108. Redhead, 74. redivivum, Toxostoma, 334. Redpoll, 248. Greenland, 247. Greater, 248. Hoary, 247. Holbdll’s, 248. Redshank, Common, 371. Redstart, 326. Painted, 326. Red-tail, Alaska, 158. Western, 157. Red-wing, Bahama, 233. Bicolored, 234. Florida, 234. Northwestern, 234. San Diego, 234. Sonora, 233. Thick-billed, 234. Tricolored, 235. Vera Cruz, 234. regalis, Hesperornis, 377. regens, Barornis, 379. Reguline, 356. ~Regulus, 356. reinhardi, Lagopus rupestris, 141. resplendens, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, 64. retusa, Cimolopteryx, 392. Rhodostethia, 41. Rhyacophilus, 121. Rhyncodon, 164. Rhynchofalco, 166. > 421 Rhynchophanes, 252. Rhynchopsitta, 179. richardsoni, Cryptoglaux funerea, 171. richardsoni, Dendragapus obscurus, 138. richardsoni, Falco columbarius, 165. richardsoni, Myiochanes, 214. richmondi, Agelaius phoeniceus, 234. ridgwayi, Colinus, 135. Riparia, 294. riparia, Riparia, 294. Rissa, 35. rivularis, Melospiza melodia, 274. Road-runner, 181. Robin, 363. San Lucas, 364. Southern, 364. Western, 363. robusta, Cyanosylvia suecica, 365. robustus, Larus, 380. robustus, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, 46. rodgersi, Fulmarus, 51. Rook, 229. rosea, Rhodostethia, 41. rossi, Chen, 84. rostrata, Acanthis linaria, 248. rostratus, Passerculus, 255, Rostrhamus, 154. Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 161. rubea, Otocoris alpestris, 220. ruber, Phoenicopterus, 90. ruber, Sphyrapicus, 191. ruberrimus, Carpodacus mexicanus, 244. rubescens, Anthus, 328. rubiginosa, Dendroica estiva, 311. rubinus, Pyrocephalus, 217, 218. rubra, Guara, 92. rubra, Piranga, 289. rubricapilla, Vermivora, 307. rubricaudus, Phaéthon, 60. rubriceps, Piranga, 373. rubrifrons, Cardellina, 327. rubripes, Anas, 68. rufescens, Dichromanassa, 97. 422 rufescens, Penthestes, 352. Ruff, 123. ruficeps, Aimophila, 271, 272. ruficollis, Hydranassa tricolor, 97. ruficollis, Pisobia, 371. rufina, Melospiza melodia, 274. rufina, Netta, 73. rufipileus, Colaptes, 195. rufivirgatus, Arremenops, 278. rufula, Chameea fasciata, 355. rufum, Toxostoma, 332. rufus, Selasphorus, 204. rupestris, Lagopus, 141. rustica, Hirundo, 292. rusticola, Scolopax, 109. rusticolus, Falco, 163. tuticilla, Setophaga, 326. Rynchopide, 48. Rynchops, 48. SABINI, Bonasa umbellus, 140. sabini, Xema, 41. sakhalina, Pelidna alpina, 116. salicamans, Astragalinus tristis, 249. salicicola, Hylocichla fuscescens, 360. Salpinctes, 335. salvini, Uranomitra, 206. samuelis, Melospiza melodia, 273. sanaka, Melospiza melodia, 275. sancti-johannis, Archibuteo lagopus, 161. sanctorum, 256. Sanderling, 118. Sandpiper, Aleutian, 113. Baird’s, 114. Buff-breasted, 124. Cooper’s, 370. Curlew, 116. Green, 121. Least, 115. Pectoral, 114, Pribilof, 113. Purple, 113. Red-backed, 116. Semipalmated, 117. Passerculus rostratus, INDEX. Sandpiper, Sharp-tailed, 113. Solitary, 121. Spoon-bill, 117. Spotted, 124. Stilt, 112. Western, 117. Western Solitary, 121. White-rumped, 114. Wood, 121. sandvicensis, Sterna, 43. sandwichensis, Passerculus, 254. Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted, 191. Red-breasted, 191. Red-naped, 190. Williamson’s, 191. Yellow-bellied, 190. Sarcorhamphi, 152, 389. » Sarcorhamphus, 371. satrapa, Regulus, 356. saturatior, Colaptes cafer, 195. saturatus, Bubo virginianus, 175. saturatus, Rallus crepitans, 102. Saurure, 375. savanna, Passerculus sandwichensis, 254. savannarum, Ammodramus, 256. Saxicola, 365. Sayornis, 212. sayus, Sayornis, 212. scalaris, Aistrelata, 55. scalaris, Dryobates, 188. Seardafella, 151. schistacea, Passerella iliaca, 277. schistisagus, Larus, 37. sclateri, Penthestes, 350. scolopaceus, Macrorhamphus griseus, Woke Scolopacide, 109, 371, 386. « Scolopax, 109. scotea, Cryptoglaux acadica, 172. Scoter, 80. Surf, 82. Velvet, 81. White-winged, 81. Scotiaptex, 171. INDEX. scotti, Aimophila ruficeps, 272. scotti, Rallus crepitans, 102. Seedeater, Sharpe’s, 287. Seiurus, 319. Selasphorus, 203. semipalmata, Aigialitis, 128. semipalmatus, Catoptrophorus, 122. senicula, Pipilo crissalis, 281. sennetti, Beolophus atricristatus, 348. sennetti, Buteo albicaudatus, 159. sennetti, Chordeiles virginianus, 199. sennetti, Icterus cucullatus, 237. sennetti, Passerherbulus maritimus, 259. sennetti, Toxostoma longirostre, 332. septentrionalis, Cathartes aura, 152. septentrionalis, Ceryle americana, 184. septentrionalis, Penthestes atrica- pillus, 349. sequoiensis, Hylocichla guttata, 362. serrator, Mergus, 67. serripennis, Stelgidopteryx, 295. Setophaga, 326. sharpei, Sporophila morelleti, 287. Shearwater, Allied, 53. Audubon’s, 52. Black-tailed, 54. Black-vented, 53. Cinereous, 370. Cory’s, 52. Greater, 52. Manx, 52. New Zealand, 54. Pink-footed, 52. Slender-billed, 53. Sooty, 53. Townsend’s, 53. Wedge-tailed, 54. Sheldrake, Ruddy, 72. sheppardianus, Charadrius, 386. Shoveller, 72. Shrike, California, 297. Island, 297. Loggerhead, 297. 423 Shrike, Migrant, 298, Northern, 296. White-rumped, 297. Sialia, 366. sialis, Sialia, 366. sieberi, Aphelocoma, 225. sierre, Dendragapus obscurus, 138. silvestris, Meleagris gallopavo, 145. sinuata, Pyrrhuloxia, 283. sinuatus, Corvus corax, 228. sinuosa, Geothlypis trichas, 323. Siskin, Pine, 250. \Sitta, 345. Sittide, 345. Skimmer, Black, 48. Skua, 33. skua, Megalestris, 33. Skylark, 218. slevini, Hylocichla guttata, 362. Smew, 67. Snipe, European, 110. Great, 111. Wilson’s, 110. sociabilis, Rostrhamus, 155. socorroensis, Oceanodroma, 58. sodalis, Aquila, 390. Solitaire, Townsend’s, 359. solitarius, Helodromas, 120, 121. solitarius, Lanivireo, 300. Somateria, 79. sonorana, Dendroica estiva, 311. sonoriensis, Agelaius phoeniceus, 233. Sora, 103. sordida, Vermivora celata, 308. sororia, Aimophila ruficeps, 272. Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 259. Alameda Song, 274. Aleutian Savannah, 254. Aleutian Song, 275. Bachman’s, 271. Baird’s, 256. Belding’s, 255. Bell’s, 269. Bischoff’s Song, 275. Black-chinned, 265. Black-throated, 269. Sparrow, Botteri’s, 271. Brewer’s, 264. Brown’s Song, 274. Bryant’s, 255. California Sage, 270. Cassin’s, 271. Chipping, 263. Clay-colored, 264. Dakota Song, 274. Desert, 269. Desert Song, 273. Dusky Seaside, 260. Field, 265. Florida Grasshopper, 257. Forbush’s, 276. Fox, 277. Gambel’s, 262. Golden-crowned, 362. Grasshopper, 256. Gray Sage, 270. Harris’s, 261. Heermann’s Song, 273. Henslow’s, 257. Ipswich, 254. Kadiak Fox, 278. Kenai Song, 275. Laguna, 272. Large-billed, 255. Lark, 260. Leconte’s, 258. Lincoln’s, 276. Louisiana Seaside, 259. Macgillivray’s Seaside, 260. Mendocino Song, 275. Merrill’s Song, 274. Mountain Song, 273. Nelson’s, 258. Nuttall’s, 262. Oregon Vesper, 253. Pine-wood’s, 270. Rock, 272. Rufous-crowned, 272. Rufous-winged, 271. Rusty Song, 273. Sage, 270. Samuel’s Song, 273. INDEX. © Sparrow, San Benito, 256. San Diego Song, 275. San Clemente Song, 274. San Lueas, 255. Santa Barbara Song, 274. Savannah, 254. Scott’s, 272. Scott’s Seaside, 259. Seaside, 259. Sharp-tailed, 258. Shumagin Fox, 277. Slate-colored Fox, 277. Song, 272. Sooty Fox, 278. Sooty Song, 274. Stephens’s Fox, 278. Suisun Song, 275. Swamp, 276. Texas, 278. Texas Seaside, 259. Thick-billed Fox, 277. Townsend’s Fox, 278. Tree, 263. Vesper, 253. Western Chipping, 264. Western Field, 265. Western Grasshopper, 257. Western Henslow’s, 258. Western Lark, 260. Western Savannah, 254. Western Tree, 263. Western Vesper, 253. White-crowned, 261. White-throated, 262. Worthen’s, 265. Yakutat Song, 275. sparverius, Falco, 166. sparveroides, Falco, 167. Spatula, 72. spectabilis, Somateria, 80. Speotyto, 177. Sphyrapicus, 190. spilurus, Thryomanes bewicki, 338. spinosa, Jacana, 133. Spinus, 250. Spiza, 287. } 4 INDEX. Spizella, 263. sponsa, Aix, 73. Spoonhill, Roseate, 91. Sporophila, 286. spraguei, Anthus, 329. spurius, Icterus, 237. squamata, Callipepla, 136. squamosa, Columba, 148. Squatarola, 126. squatarola, Squatarola, 126. Starling, 230. Starnoenas, 151. Steganopodes, 59, 380. Steganopus, 108. Stelgidopteryx, 295. stellaris, Cistotherus, 342. stellata, Gavia, 25. stelleri, Cyanocitta, 222. stelleri, Polysticta, 78. Stellula, 204. stephensi, Passerella iliaca, 278. stephensi, Vireo huttoni, 302. Stercorariide, 33. Stercorarius, 34. Sterna, 42, 44. Sternine, 42. Sternula, 45. Stilt, Black-necked, 109. Stint, Long-toed, 115. stolidus, Anoiis, 47. streperus, Chaulelasmus, 69. striata, Dendroica, 315. striata, Melospiza lincolni, 276. striatulus, Astur atricapillus, 156. stricklandi, Loxia curvirostra, 245, strigata, Otocoris alpestris, 220. strigatus, Chondestes grammacus, 260. Striges, 168, 390. Strigide, 169, 390. Strix, 169. struthionoides, Palzonornis, 393. .Sturnella, 235. Sturnide, 230. Sturnus, 230. subarcticus, Bubo virginianus, 175. f subis, Progne, 290. subruficollis, Tryngites, 124. subvirgatus, Passerherbulus nelsoni, 259. suckleyi, Faleo columbarius, 165. suecica, Cyanosylvia, 365. Sula, 60, 380. sulcirostris, Crotophaga, 180. Sulide, 60, 380. sulphuratus, Pitangus, 209, 210. superbus, Cardinalis cardinalis, 282. superbus, Meleagris, 388. Surf-bird, 131. surinamensis, Hydrochelidon nigra, 47. Surnia, 176. swainsoni, Buteo, 159. swainsoni, Helinaia, 305. swainsoni, Hylocichla ustulata, 361. swainsoni, Vireosylva gilva, 299. Swallow, Bahama, 294. Bank, 294. Barn, 292. Cliff, 291. Cuban Cliff, 292. European, 292. Lesser Cliff, 291. Mexican Cliff, 292. Northern Violet-green, 293. Rough-winged, 295. San Lucas, 294. Tree, 293. Swan, Trumpeter, 89. Whistling, 89. Whooper, 89. Swift, Black, 200. Chimney, 200. Vaux’s, 201. White-throated, 201. Sylviide, 355, 374. Sylviine, 355. ,Synthliboramphus, 29. TACHINA, Petrochelidon lunifrons, 291. Tachybaptus, 23. _Tachycineta, 293. 426 INDEX. . Tachytriorchis, 159. Thalassidroma, 56. tahitiensis, Numenius, 125. thalassina, Tachycineta, 293. Tanager, Cooper’s, 290. Thalassogeron, 49. Gray’s, 373. Thrasher, Bendire’s, 333. Hepatic, 289. Brown, 332. Scarlet, 289. California, 334. Summer, 289. Crissal, 334. Western, 288. Curve-billed, 332. Tangaride, 288, 373. Desert, 334. Tangavius, 232. Leconte’s, 334. Tatler, Wandering, 122. Mearns’s, 333 Teal, Blue-winged, 71. Palmer's, 333. Cinnamon, 71. Sage, 330. European, 70. San Lucas, 333. Green-winged, 70. Sennett’s, 332. telephonus, Cuculus canorus, 182. . Thrush, Alaska Hermit, 361. * Telmatodytes, 342. Audubon’s Hermit, 362. Telmatornis, 385. Bicknell’s, 360. tener, Ichthyornis, 376. Dwarf Hermit, 362. tenuirostris, Puffinus, 53. Gray-cheeked, 360. tephrocotis, Leucosticte, 246. Hermit, 362. Teratornis, 389. Monterey Hermit, 362. Teratornithide, 389. Northern Varied, 365. Tern, Aleutian, 45. Olive-backed, 361. Arctic, 44. Red-winged, 363. Black, 47. Russet-backed, 361. Bridled, 46. Sierra Hermit, 362. Cabot’s, 43. Varied, 364. Caspian, 42. Willow, 360. Common, 44. Wood, 359. Elegant, 43. Thryomanes, 338. Forster’s, 44. » Thyothorus, 337. Gull-billed, 42. thurberi, Junco hyemalis, 267. Least, 45. thyroides, Sphyrapicus, 191. Roseate, 45. Tiaris, 287. Royal, 43. tigrina, Dendroica, 310. Sooty, 46. Tinnunculus, 165. Trudeau’s, 44. tinnunculus, Falco, 166. White-winged, 47. , Titmouse, Ashy, 348. terrenove, Dryobates villosus, 186. Black-crested, 347. terrestris, Cha:mepelia passerina, 150. Bridled, 348. Tetraonide, 137, 387. Gray, 348. texana, Aphelocoma, 224. Plain, 348. texana, Pyrrhuloxia sinuata, 283. Sennett’s, 348. texanus, Colinus virginianus, 134. Tufted, 347. texensis, Chordeiles acutipennis, 199. togata, Bonasa umbellus, 140. Thalasseus, 42. tolmiei, Oporornis, 321. ss , INDEX. torda, Alea, 32. torquata, Ceryle, 184. Totanus, 120. totanus, Totanus, 371. Towhee, 279. Abert’s. 281. Anthony’s, 281. Arctic, 279. California, 281. Cafion, 281. Green-tailed, 282. Guadalupe, 280. Large-billed, 280. Oregon, 280. San Clemente, 280. San Diego, 280. San Lucas, 281. Spurred, 280. White-eyed, 279. townsendi, Dendroica, 317. townsendi, Junco hyemalis, 268. townsendi, Lagopus rupestris, 142. townsendi, Myadestes, 359. townsendi, Passerella iliaca, 278. townsendi, Plectrophenax nivalis, 251. townsendi, Spiza, 372. Toxostoma, 332. trailli, Empidonax, 215, 216. Tree-duck, Black-bellied, 88. Fulvous, 88. trichas, Geothlypis, 322. trichopsis, Otus, 174. tricolor, Agelaius, 235. tricolor, Hydranassa, 97. tricolor, Steganopus, 108. tridactyla, Rissa, 35. Tringa, 112. tristis, Anas rubripes, 370. tristis, Astragalinus, 248. Trochili, 201. Trochilide, 201 Troglodytes, 340. Troglodytide, 335 Trogon, 183. Trogon, Coppery-tailed, 183. Trogones, 183. 427 Trogonide, 183. troille, Uria, 31. Tropic-bird, Red-billed, 59. Red-tailed, 60. Yellow-billed, 59. Troupial, 372. trudeaui, Sterna, 44. Tryngites, 123. Tubinares, 48, 380. turati, Dryobates pubescens, 187. Turdide, 358. Turdine, 359. Turdus, 363. Turkey, Florida, 146. Merriam’s, 145. Rio Grande, 146. Wild, 145. turneri, Penthestes atricapillus, 349. Turnstone, 131. Black, 132. Ruddy, 131. Tympanuchus, 143. Tyrannide, 207. Tyrannus, 208. tyrannus, Muscivora, 207. tyrannus, Tyrannus, 208. tzacatl, Amizilis, 205. UINnTORNIS, 391. ulula, Surnia, 176. umbelloides, Bonasa umbellus, 140. umbellus, Bonasa, 139, 140. umbrosus, Palxoborus, 389. unalaschensis, Passerella iliaca, 277. unicinctus, Parabuteo, 157. unicolor, Cinclus mexicanus, 330. Uranomitra, 206. urbica, Chelidonaria, 294. » Uria, 31, 379. Urile, 63. urile, Phalacrocorax, 64. urophasianus, Centrocercus, 145. uropygialis, Centurus, 194. usnex, Compsothlypis americana, 309. ustulata, Hylocichla, 361. Urubitinga, 160. ” 428 urubu, Catharista, 153. VAGANS, Palxotringa, 386. validus, Ichthyornis, 376. valisineria, Marila, 74. vallicola, Lophortyx californica, 136. Vanellus, 126. vanellus, Vanellus, 126. varia, Mniotilta, 304. varia, Strix, 170. varius, Sphyrapicus, 190. vauxi, Chetura, 201. Veery, 359. vege, Larus, 38. velox, Accipiter, 155. velox, Graculavus, 381. venustus, Aletornis, 385. Verdin, 354. Cape, 354. Vermivora, 306. vermivorus, Helmitheros, 306. versicolor, Passerina, 286. verticalis, Tyrannus, 209. vespertina, Hesperiphona, 240, 241. vetula, Ortalis, 146. vetus, Paleotringa, 386. victor, Ichthyornis, 376. vicinior, Vireo, 303. vigorsi, Dendroica, 318. vigua, Phalacrocorax, 63. villosus, Dryobates, 185. violacea, Nyctanassa, 99. vioscze, Columba fasciata, 147. virens, Dendroica, 317. virens, Icteria, 324. virens, Myiochanes, 213. « Vireo, 301. Vireo, Anthony’s, 303. Bell’s, 303. Black-capped, 301. Black-whiskered, 298. Blue-headed, 300. Bermuda, 302. Cassin’s, 300. Frazar’s, 303. Gray, 303. INDEX. Vireo, Hutton’s, 302. Key West, 302. Least, 303. Mountain, 301. Philadelphia, 299. Plumbeous, 300. Red-eyed, 298. San Lucas, 301. Small White-eyed, 302. Stephens’s, 302. Texas, 303. Warbling, 299. Western Warbling, 299. White-eyed, 301. Yellow-green, 299. Yellow-throated, 300. Vireonide, 298. Vireosylva, 298. virescens, Butorides, 98. virescens, Empidonax, 215. virgata, Aphriza, 131. virginiz, Vermivora, 307. virginianus, Bubo, 175. virginianus, Chordeiles, 198. virginianus, Colinus, 134. virginianus, Rallus, 103. v-nigra, Somateria, 80. vociferans, Tyrannus, 209. vociferus, Antrostomus, 196. vociferus, Aramus, 101. vociferus, Oxyechus, 128. vulgaris, Sturnus, 230. Vulture, Black, 153. California, 152. King, 371. Turkey, 152. Wacrain, Alaska Yellow, 328. Swinhoe’s, 327. White, 327. Warbler, Alaska Yellow, 311. Audubon’s, 313. Bachman’s, 306. Bay-breasted, 314. Black and White, 304. Blackburnian, 315. Warbler, Black-fronted, 313. Black-poll, 315. Black-throated Blue, 312. Black-throated Gray, 316. Black-throated Green, 317. Blue Mountain, 373. Blue-winged, 306. Cairns’s, 312. Calaveras, 308. California Yellow, 311. Canada, 325, 429 Warbler, Sonora Yellow, 311. Swainson’s, 305. Sycamore, 316. Tennessee, 309. Townsend’s, 317. Virginia’s, 307. Wilson’s, 325. Worm-eating, 306. Yellow, 311. Yellow Palm, 318. Yellow-throated, 315. Cape May, 310. wardi, Ardea herodias, 96. Carbonated, 378. waynei, Rallus crepitans, 102. Cerulean, 314. Water-Thrush, 319. Chestnut-sided, 314. Grinnell’s, 320. Connecticut, 321. Louisiana, 324. Dusky, 308. Water-Turkey, 61. Golden-cheeked, 316. Waxwing, Bohemian, 295. Golden Pileolated, 325. Cedar, 296. Golden-winged, 307. welchi, Lagopus, 142. Grace’s, 316. Wheatear, 366. Hermit, 317. Greenland, 366. Hooded, 324. Whimbrel, 125. Kennicott’s Willow, 355. Kentucky, 320. Kirtland’s, 317. Whip-poor-will, 196. Stephens’s, 197. whitneyi, Micropallas, 178. Lucy’s, 307. Widgeon, European, 69. Lutescent, 308. Willet, 122. Macgillivray’s, 321. Western, 122. * Wilsonia, 324. Mangrove, 312. wilsonianus, Asio, 169. Mourning, 321. wilsonius, Ochthodromus, 130. Myrtle, 312. wollweberi, Beolophus, 348. Nashville, 307. , Woodcock, 110. Northern Parula, 309. European, 109. Magnolia, 313. Olive, 310. woodhousei, Aphelocoma, 224. Orange-crowned, 308. » Woodpecker, Alaska Three-toed, 190. Palm, 318. Alpine Three-toed, 190. Parula, 309. Arctic Three-toed, 189. Pileolated, 325. Arizona, 188. Pine, 318. Ant-eating, 192. Prairie, 319. Prothonotary, 305. Red-faced, 327. Sennett’s, 310. Small-headed, 373. Batchelder’s, 187. Cabanis’s, 186. California, 193. Downy, 187. Gairdner’s, 187. 430 Woodpecker, Gila, 194. ‘’ . Golden-fronted, 194. Hairy, 185. Harris’s, 186. Ivory-billed, 185. Lewis’s, 193. Narrow-fronted, 193. Nelson’s Downy, 187. Newfoundland, 186. Northern Hairy, 185. Northern Pileated, 192. Nuttall’s, 188. Pileated, 192. Queen Charlotte, 186. Red-bellied, 193. Red-cockaded, 188. Red-headed, 192. Rocky Mountain, 186. San Lucas, 188. Southern Downy, 187. Southern Hairy, 186. Texas, 188. Three-toed, 189. White-headed, 189. Willow, 187. wortheni, Spizella, 265. Wren, Alaska, 341. Aleutian, 341. Baird’s, 339. Bewick’s, 338. Bryant’s Cactus, 335. Cactus, 335. Cafion, 337. Carolina, 337. Dotted Cafion, 337. Florida, 338. Guadalupe, 339. Guadalupe Rock, 336. House, 340. Kadiak Winter, 341. Lomita, 338. Long-billed Marsh, 342. Marian’s Marsh, 343. Prairie Marsh, 343. Rock, 336. San Clemente, 339. San Diego, 339. INDEX. 4 = Wren, San Lucas Cactus, 335. Seattle, 339. San Nicolas Rock, 336. Short-billed Marsh, 342. Texas, 339. Tulé, 343. Vigors’s, 338. Western House, 340. Western Marsh, 343. Western Winter, 341. White-throated, 337. Winter, 341. Worthington’s Marsh, 343. Wren-Tit, 354. Coast, 355. Pallid, 355. Ruddy, 355. wrighti, Empidonax, 217. wyomingensis, Gallinuloides, 388. XANTHOCEPHALUS, 232. xanthocephalus, Xanthocephalus 232. Xanthoura, 226. xantusi, Basilinna, 206. xantusi, Otus, 174. Xema, 41. Xenopicus, 189. YELLOW-LEGsS, 120. Greater, 120. Yellow-throat, Belding’s, 323. Florida, 322. Maryland, 322. 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