^>.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

4

a""' 4ip

IP

A

f/.

y^
^

1.0

■^1,^ ||2.5

1.8

I.I

11.25 11.4 IIIIII.6

V]

/Q

v:

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

1980

Technical Notes / Notes techniques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Physical
features of this copy which may alter any of the
images in the reproduction are checlced below.

L'Institut a microfilm6 le meilieur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Certains
d6fauts susceptibles de nuire d la quality de la
reproduction sont notto ci-dessous.

D

Coloured covers/
Couvertures de couleur

D

Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

n
el

Coloured maps/

Cartes giographiques en couleur

Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages ddcolordes, tachetdes ou piqu6es

Tight binding (may cause shadows or
distortion along interior margin)/
Reliure serrd (peut causer de I'ombre ou
de la distortion le long de la marge
intdrieure)

a

n

Coloured plates/
Planches en couleur

Show through/
Transparence

Pages damaged/
Pages endommagdes

n

Additional comments/
Commentaires suppldmentaires

Bibliographic Notes / Notes bibliographiques

n

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Bound with other material/
Relid avoc d'autres documents

D
D

Pagination incorrect/
Erreurs de pagination

Pages missing/
Des pages manquent

D

Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

D

Maps missing/

Des cartes g6ographiques manquent

D

Plates missing/

Des planches manquent

D

Additional comments/
Commentaires suppldmenttiires

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettet6 de I'exemplaire filmd, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall
contain the symbol —»> (meaning CONTINUED"),
or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever
applies.

Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la der-
nidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas:
le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole
V signifie "FIN".

The original copy was borrowed from, and
filmed with, the kind consent of the following
institution:

National Library of Canada

L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grdce d la
g6n4rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur
suivant :

Bibliothdque nationale du Canada

Maps or plates too large to be entirely included
in one exposure are filmed beginning in the
upper left hand corner, left to right and top to
bottom, as many frames as required. The
following diagrams illustrate the method:

Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre
reproduites en un seul clich6 sont film6es d
partir de Tangle supdrieure gauche, de gauche d
droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Le diagramme suivant
illustre la mdthode :

1

2

3

1

2

3

4 .

8

6

('■ '1

ti

i:

\

B

B

«

a b

11

- '1

II 2. " ttti^iernma.

3.

Daicsoni.

FiLT. 4. SjiuiiijiHa Jli:.ii-^i>ina.
.; 5. '■ OUuuaensis.

(iM-om the Canadian Natiiraiisl and Gcoloi;;/st, Se]>t. 1875.)

y^

ON SOME CANADIAN SPECIES OF SPONGILL^.

I'-V (.KOHfiK M. DAWSfiN.

The SpongUlala or fmsh-watcr repi-esentatives of tho marino
sponocs, thoup-h very widely distributed, are not yet known to
be represented by a oreat number of species. It is probabU-
that a systematic exploration of the great North American sys-
terns of \: kes and rivers might bring many new forms to liuht.
\ ith the exception of S. LonUl, Bowerbank, from the source,
of the Columbia Kiver, the only Canadian spongilja which ap-
pears to have been described, is .S'. Davsom, of the same author
a form mhabiting tlie St. Lawrence lliver near Montreal, and
other neighbouring waters.

Having become interested in the examination of a fine specie^
from the Lake of the Woods, obtained in connection with th.
work of the British North American Boundary Commission, I
have been induced, at the same time, to examine a number of
other specimens in the collection of Principal Dawson. Amon-
these, and including the Lake of the Woods form, I find four
species which I believe to be undescribed. These are here de-
fined, and th. jgh I have not the whole of the literature of the
subject at han', provisionally named.

The descriptions, from the poor state of some of the specimen-
are necessarily not in all cases complete; but will, I believe -it
least serve for the recognition of the species, with the aid of the
figures.

The first spongillas studied-^', fluviatilis and S. lacustris-
belong to two distinct types; and it has been found, on eztend-

2

int:' the knowlcdgu of the ueuus, that all new I'orms tall naturally
into one or other of these. To this rule the forms now under
consideration offer no exception, tliouuMi representin<; both groups;
aS'. sfiijjnalis and »S'. asptrfima, bclotiuing to the fluviatilis type,
i^.jiexispiiid and S. Oft<iiriit:nKis, to that of lacustris.
In the first series, are iticluded those spon<;illas in which the
licnimulo, or reproductive capsule, is built up ol'birotulate spicula,
placed side by side, and arranged with their axes radially. In
tlie second, the capsules are inore leathery, but covered, when
mature, with straight or curve<l spicula, arranged at right angles
to the radial lines.

For details concerning tlu' cla>silication and morphology of tlie
SponglUldu:, reference should be made to Dr. Bowerbank's and
Mr. Carter's Memoirs.

I append first Dr. Bowerbank's description of *V. Ihitcwni, as
given iu his monograph on the Spi>iiyillid(i .'■'•^

t^pongilla D-iir.soni, ]io\\cvhdnk. ••Sponge sessile?, branch-
ing; surface smooth, oscula and pores inconspicuous. Dermal
aud interstitial membranes abundantly spiculous; spicula fusi-
formi-acerate, entirely spined ; spines numerous, short, and
conical. Skeleton-spicula acerate or subfusiformi-acerate. Ovaria
spherical : dermal spicula numerous, disposed in flat fasciculi, or
groups of spicula parallel to each other ; groups irregularly dis-
persed ; spicula acerate or subcylindrical, entirely spined ; spines
numerous, obtuse, and ill-defined. Sarcode aspiculous. Colour,
in the dried state, emerald-green."

JJ<ib., Kiver St. Jjawrence, Montreal ; a lake near Brockville.

Dr. Bowerbank further adds, with reference ro this species:

•' The dermal and interstitial membranes abound with teusion-
spicula, and especially the dermal one, in which they seeai to
attain their fullest degree of development. Their normal form
is fusiformi-acerate ; but, from the abundant production of the
spines at their terminations, they frequently appear to be cylin-
drical rather than acerate. They are disposed on these tissues
rather unevenly, abounding iu some spots, whiU they are euui-
paratively scarce iu others."

" The spicula of the skeleton are of about the same propor-
tions as those of the European species. They are usually of the
regular acerate form, but occasionally become .rubfusiform."

* i'roc. Zool. Sec. London, Nov. 1863, and Caiuulian Nuturulist, 18C4.

3

The spongilla is sessile, and branches much, woll-growu speci-
mens much resembling fully developed examples of \s h(ci(.sfris.

Len-th of skeleton-spicula 0.018. Dermal and interstitial
spicula, 0.0015 to 0.0017 inch.

Fig. 3.— a, ordinary skcletou-spiculum. A. and B., ordinary
capsular and dermal spicula.

.SpongUh, stagu„/;s, sp. nov. Sponge (jncrustin-, forming
patches several inches in diameter, and from half an inch to an
inch thick; greenish; lobular, somewhat hispid. Oscula simple
key-hole shaped, or double; large, 0.25 tu 0.50 in. Scattered,'
,sub-crateriform. Skeleton-spicula acerate and fusiformi-acerate,
.-lightly arcuate, 0.011 to 0.018 in. Ion- Most of the stouter
spicula medially spined, the apices always naked ; spines small,
sparsely distributed. Qvaria, sub,globose, diameter, 0.025 in.'
Rotuku, about equal in size, flat, very deeply and irre-ularly
dentate, diameter about equal to length of shaft of spiculum, or
0.0005 in. ; the rays not acute. Shaft, thick, cylindrical, -ener-
ally with a boss at each (md.

//ih. North-west Angle Inlet. Lake of the Woods; River St.
Lawrence near Montreal.

The two forms ,. skeleton spicula seem to pa.s into each
other, and in specimens from both localities, are \ cry irre-ulir
in size. The birotulate spieula-especialiy in the L-jke of the
Woods speeimens-are very apt to be dei;)rnu:d. A number of
siMall, entirely sp.ned, straight. .,btu,s. spicula, about one-third
the length ..f the skeleton-spicula, were ibund with the others-
alter treatment with acid. They were searched for in all parts
of the sponge, but finally found enclosed in some of the gem
mules, and apparently in connection with the young spon-e."

This species, which is nearest the European type A', f/oriatf/h
ot eJohnstou, was found in great abundance at the first'mentioned
locality, in July, 1878. It was growing on floating lo-s and
branches, and many specimens were filled with large -emmules
It is probably the species the existence of which was'suspected
by Pr. Bowerbank, who says, in the conclusion of his notice of
>V. /)a>r,onl .•— " In (he preparation of these .spicula for examina-
tion I found a few birotulate ones, having the rotulse very
deeply divided. These spicula were no part of the spon-^e in
course ot description, but were undoubtedly from the gemmules
of another species inhabiting the St. Lawrence."

Fii:'. 1. — ". and i''., ordiunry iskcleton-spicula. B., birotulate
spicul.i. Tho niiil(il!> fiiz;ure shows oik; end of a s-piculum, of
about the ordinary form ; the lower fii-ure, a type of deformed
spicuiuui wliieh is coiunion. All the above drawn from Lake of
the Woods specimens. Fig. 5. represents skeleton-spicula of a
specimen from the St. Lawrence.

SpongiUii BaiU'i/l, Bowerbank. This species appears to be
indicated by a sin<rlc birotulate spicuhini, in the Lake of the
Woods collection. It was originally described by Dr. Bower-
bank, from specimens obtained at West Point, N. Y.

Sji(i)iqi/I(i (isj)rn'!m<i, s|.. nnv. Sponge si>>ili\ 'Miernstin-j:,
thin ; surface slightly undulated ; oscula rather large, scattered;
skeleton-spicula, fusiformi-acerate, slightly arcuate, stout, densely
spiued, with the exception of the extreme apices; length, 0.01
to 0.009 in. These mixed with a few smooth and more slender.
Spines minute, acute. Ovaria sub-globose, diameter nearly
0.02 ; spicula birotulate, short ; rotuliu equal in size, flat, very
deeply divided, about 0.0005 in., eciual to. or greater tlian, the
length of the shaft ; radii not acute : shaft with a distinct boss
at each end.

JLiL., River St. Lawrence, near iMontreal.

This species much resembles that from the Ijake of the Woods,
of winch, it is possible, it may turn out to be a variety. It differs
chiefly in its thicker, coarser und nuich more densely spinous
skeleton-spicula, and in the external form of the sponge. Not
possessing any intermediate forms, I have referred them, for the
present at least, to different species. The spicula are not unlike
S. Parfitli as figured by Bowerbank, -!= but differ from them
about as much as from those of the Lake of the Woods. Many
of the skeleton-spicula are deformed, having crutch-like or bent
ends.

Fig. 2., (I., ordinary skeleton-spiculum. B., one of the ordi
nary birotulate spicula.

iSpongUld Jicx'isinna, sp. uov. Specimens not large enough to
show the general form, or appearance of the surface. Skeleton-
spicula acerate to subfusiformi-acerate, very slightly arcuate to
nearly straight, smootli, not very acute, length about 0.0115 in.
Dermal and interstitial spicula subcylindrical, irregularly and

♦ Brit. Spongiada-, Vol. HI., Plati- LXXXVl.

oftfii abruptly bc-iit, e'litiivly ^j)intMl, length nearly 0.003 in.;
spines scattered, rather largo, coiiieal, acute, neucrally retrorso
near the ends of the spicuhi. Ovarian splcula scarcely distin-
guishable from the interstitial and dermal.

//"/a, Kiver St. Lawrence, near 3Iontrcal.

This species is oi' the type of the European ,S'. hn-dstris, but
differs sufficiently from that species. It also differs markedly
from *y. Ddirsoiil and *S'. 0(h.i>r<i,usis. Its ovarian and dermal
spicula are intermediate in size between those of the last named
species.

Fig. 4. — a., ordinary skeleton-spiculum. It., a second form of
skeleton-spiculum, smaller and perhaps not fully developed.
B., C, ovarian and dermal spicula.

SpongiUa Offinnirii.sis, sp. nov. Specimens do not show the
external form. Colour in the dried state, green. Skeleton-spi-
cula aeerate, sligiitly arcuate, often rather abruptly and bluntly
pointed, smooth, length. 0.011 to 0.008 in. Ovaria sub-globose,
rather irregular, large, diameter 0.04 in.; spicula cylindrical,
stout, slightly and regularly arcuate, entirely and rather densely
spined, length 0.0034; spines rather prominent, somewhat ob-
tuse. JJermal and interstitial spicula like the ovarian, but
slightly more delicate.

JJ<(b., L'Orignal, on the Ottawa lliver.

The skeleton-spicula are shorter than those oi' *S'. Dm Miii ;
the ovarian etc. spicula much larger tlian those of that species,
and larger also than those of /S'. /f(xinjHn<f. They somewhat
resemble those of S. hiciistris. but are distinctly truncate at the
extremities. The specimens are small, but densely tilled with
large ovaria. . , t

Fig. 0. — 'I., ordinary skoleton-spicula. A., ovarian spicula.