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1

2

3

1

2

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5

6

QUERY: How big should the territorial limit be on which
. the protective scheme is applied?

Ora PoLicnt: "Foreigners inflict loss on us by taxing our products on their
importation, but by taxing theirs we inflict on omrselves a second loss by obliging
ourselves to pay more dearly for them. Because they injure us, -we impose a fine on
ourselves. Impoverished by them, we complete our own ruin."

Gabheld, late President of the United States : " Commerce makes mankind a
family of brothers, in which the welfare of each member depends upon that of the
others. It thus ^creates that unity of our race which causes the resources of the
whole world to be at the d^posal of each individual."

Gladstonb : Rt. Hon. Wm. Ewart : " I do not scruple, gentlemen, to assure you^
as a matter of fact, established by our experience that the road of free trade is like
the road of virtue — ^the first steps are the most painful, the last are the most profit-
able. If it be good to abolish prohibitions and to substitute protective duties, if it be
good to pass from high protective duties to those which are moderate, and again
from the moderate to the low, yet there is one step yet to be taken— tY is to abolish
such duties altogether ; and bdieve me, it is best of aU. As long as a duty c^ this kind
remains, it is, after all, a question only whether the chains laid upon human industry
and skill shall be heavier or lighter, but they still remain. And do not let us fall
into the sophism which would persuade us that the extinction of a duty is of necessity
a loss bO the State. The State abolishing datives which fetter industry finds its com-
pensation in an increased return whioh the augmented wealth and activity of the
country supply from less exceptional sources." — Address to Political Economy Society
of Paris,

CBANNiNa, D|L : "We will add that we attacii no importance to what is deen^ed
the chief benefit of tariffs,-- ^titiat they save the necMsity of direct taxation^ and draw
. from the peoi^e a largft revenue without their "knowledge. In the first place, we say
that » fre« peop^ ougjht to know what they pay f<»:ireedom Mid pay it joyfully, and
that they should as^ly sooni to be cheated: iiito support of their government as into
anpimrtof their ohUdren, In t^e next place, a large revenue is no blessing. An
ot^trflowiniBt troawtty will alw^ya be corrupting to th^ governor and the governed."^—

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THE TRADE RELATIONS

OF THE

FARMERS OF NOVA SCOTIA.

uj. \ i.is>u luipDrtiiuff u) iui cmsst^s iirt; urgeuuiy I'^'fumiiieiuuai lu iiit; uiumusu
of our fanners. The jNIaritime farmers, in particular, are receivinf? special
notice from very diverse quarters. Some contending that existinji; condi-
tions are just what they require, others, that tliey, of all our people, have

THE

'V* rORMED NOVEMBER. 1B86.

^"■i

r^ ^

"^his heing
interest-
a farmer,
d under
evidence
id physi-
laws, not
1 general
highway
s well as
Scotian,
5S of our
ies have
■nfines of

T.AWRENCETOWN, N. S.

^ 'actically

iig party
.ding the bounds so as to include the United States, but, with a
against other countries, far more exclusive than our own at
ime. The out and out free traders consider a world-wide free
commodities, none too extensive for our highest development.
: these much talked of policies is in the interest of the people of

J. R. Elliott, president. Freeman Fitch, treasurer.

J. W. Whitman, First vice-president. James Kellier, secretary.

John Hall, Second Vice-President. Norman Dunn, Asst. Secretary.

POST OFFICE ADDRESS,

fZf'

<t.

importation, but by tax^^
ouTBelvea to pay more dearly for ii.v..
ourselves. Impoverished by them, we compi^.-

a^^viiTLB late President of the United States : " Comn...

whole world to be at the disposal of each mdividual.

T,.. XT Wrr, KwM^ . «• I do not scruple, gentlemen, to assure yoWK
Gladstone : Et. Hon. Wm. Bwart . i oo no* » v , » ^.^^^

as a matter of fact. estabUshed by <>«'^^f^^7„^ ^'^f ^J^J'^^^^ profit-

able. If It be g
good to pass f r
from the model
such dvU^ rtfto
remains, it is, i

and skiU <>l^l^
into the sophis
alpBstotheSl
pensation in ai
country suppl;
of Paris.

the chief bepe
from the peoff
that a free pe<
that they shoi
support of tin
ovwflowlo^.1
Article k^ihe

FIRST

OBJ ECTS.

.. . riie Stiuly and Discussion of ciuestions in Political Economy,
especially such as relate to tlio Laws of Trade, and the diffusion of
information thereon.

SECOND: The formation of a public opinion that will secure Legislative
action towards freedom of commercial intercourse.

THIRD: The furthering the establishment of similar Associations, and
of fraternal relations with them ; and the promotion of social inter-
course among its members.

^r

II .

\

Icon o in y,
Lfusion of

nslative

)ns, and
111 inler-

z^^A't<Jrt J-^^-^

1/

THE TRADE RELATIONS

OF THE

FARMERS OF NOVA SCOTIA.

'riic farnuM-s of (.'anada occupy a uni(jUP position at the prosent day.
For the first time in tli«' history of the Confederation they are moving in-
dependently, in an agitation for the gain of wliat they consider their
conniiercial rights. Th(^ platform and the press are discussing their
interests as never before Changes in the commercial life of the country
of vast importan(;e to all classes are urgently I'ecommended in the interest
of our farmers. The Mi.ritime farmers, in particular, are receiving special
notice from very diverse (piarters. Some contending that existing condi-
tions are just what they require, others, that they, of all our people, have
reason to complain of our fiscal laws and our trade relation. This heing
so, an apology is not necessai-y, for presenting to the public, some interest-
ing statistics bearing on this subject as it concerns the Nova Scotia farmer.
These statistics, representing our trade at different periods, and under
the influence of opposite fiscal policies, seem to give pretty good evidence
that, although we are geographically connected to a continent, and physi-
cally far from the other great haunts of men, we are by natural laws, not
d('pending upon this continent alone, but, to the human family in general
for assistance in developing our industries. That the great ocean highway
brings the Newfoundlander, the Briton and the West Indiaman, as well as
the Canadian and the American into co-operation with the Nova Scotian,
for the satisfaction of their wants, and for the industrial progress of our
own people. That the full power of the products of our industries have
nevcM- been, nor are they likely to l)e, secured to us within the confines of
this continent alone.

The policy of the ruling party in Dominion politics is to practically
confine our trade within the limits of our own country. ^ wing party
aim at extending the bounds so as to include the United States, but, with a
fiscal policy against other countries, far more exclusive than our own at
the present time. The out and out free traders consider a world-wide free
exchange of commodities, none too extensive for our highest development.
Which of these much talked of policies is in the interest of the people of

•T

Nova Scotia, is fi (juestioii of vast iinportancp, and ono wliich should not
b(> too liustily decided.

In (^stiniatiii<f the advantages and disad\fintaj,'es of international ex-
changes, we liave to give special attention not only to our interests as
l)roducers, hut, also to our interests as consumers, the final end and aim of
all our pioductions.

The tii'st named party do not claim to advance the well-being of the
peojjle as consumers, except, in so fai- as tluMi- i)rotecti\'e system pi'omises
to aid them as producei-s, tliei'efoi-e we may pass on to the second class.
Those who advocate a continental union, lay great stress on the benefits to
he derived through it for us as consumers, and at the same time in oi-der to
bring it about would put a new burden on us as consumers of pi'odu(;ts
procured l)eyond the continent to the extent of the relief given on our
border.

We ask, wliat need have we to seek th(^ assistance of any foreign power
to aid us as consumers any farther than they are willing to do by furnishing
at a low price all the articles we re(|uire from them 1 The people of Canada
liave the fullest power that the most privileged country enjoys to esta))lish
laws for their freedom as consumers. We have but to face the responsibi-
lities of a free trade policy fairly and scjuarely, and stand by our principles
until they become a positive force with a majority of our people. Then,
and not until then, may we hope to gain the real benefits of free trade. If
we believe that the farmers of our country should enjoy the blessings of
this freedom, we have no right to say it cainiot be obtained through legiti-
mate channels until an energetic, methodical and patient effort lias been put
forth to bring it al)out. Tliat effbi't has certainly never been put forth.

The tyranny and oppression of the present government in our com-
mercial matters may try the patience of a portion of our people, and drive
them into supporting short cuts to obtain freedom, but it would be anything
but wise for the more thoughtful of this young nation, to allow the false
policy of the present to be substituted for one far more oppressive in a
financial sense and most terribly revolutionary in a political sense. And
all this to gain — so far as freedom to consumers is concerned — what may
be gained V)y estal)lishing correct principles among ourselves.*

In the year 1886, we (Nova Scotia) imported from the United States
$2,217,403 worth of goods, while we imported from all other countries
.$5,631,816 in value. To give freedom to a two million dollar import trade,

If it be foiiiul that the ilemaiul hy the Upper Provinces is irresistible for a protective unit,
having its centre cither in Ontario, or a few hiindreci miles to the south of it in a foreign country, to the
lifesl niin of the .Maritime I'rovinces, then they (the Maritime Provinces), should join Nova Scotia ii)

man

demanding a separation,

..i

> 1 '

3

and at the saiiio timo put an incroasod rostrirtion against a flvo million
dollar import, would certainly not Itc in our interests as consumers.

In estimatiui;' oui' interests as producers, we should consider tlie impor-
tance of each t'orei<^n trade under (piestion, and the prohahle effect of our
policy on their fjrrowth and continuance : the effect of our policy on our
dom(»stic pi'oducers l)y the imjtort of similar i)roducts to those under con-
sidciation at home : and, also, what the tendency of our policy will he to
(h'aw the consumiiiii; centres away from oui' own producers.

'I'he trade returns of oui- Provinc(> for the year endini^ the 30th of
Septendtei, ISOl, <;i\('susthe information that we sent to Great Britain
tliat year, of the products of the Nova Scotia farmer, the insi<j;niricant value
of 81, -1^0, hut last year we sent $471,087, and in 1885 tliis export reached
8844,776.

These H<,'ures show that the d(MHand in Great P.i'itain for tlie products
of our farm is ni'owim;- at a rapid rate, and, should she still continue her
liheral trade policy, we are to ha^■e a grand future, for, at least, a very con-
siderahle })art of oui- })eople in producing for that market.

In 1864 our farmers sent of their products to Newfoundland, $174,574
worth, being an amount $7,115 greater than we sent that year to the
Unit(!d States ; in 1885 this export rose to $246,956, heing $87,289 worth
more than was sent to the United States ; in 1886 it reached $277,148, or
$4,068 more than we sent to the I^nit(>d States. Tn the first named period
we had absolute free trade in fai-m products with hoth countries : in the
latter periods trade was restricted with hoth countries, eggs, however, (one
of OUI' largest exports) being allowed free entry into the United States
market.

Tn the year 1864 our farmers shipped of their products to the British
West Indies, $240,925 in value, in 1885, $34,2.37, and in 1886, $35,826.
(^wing to the depression of the sugar business of those islands, the demand
for our productions has declined. This .shows how much nations are
affected by tlu^ prosperity of each othei- ; but had we, during these years,
been pursuing a liberal trade policy towards them, theii' demands for our
fai'm products would have assumed far different pi^oportions.

We find l>y summing up our ti'ade with these British possessions, that
notwithstanding our policy of discouragement to foreign trade, our exports
of the farm to them has grown fi-mii $416,785 in 1864, to $787,841 last
year, and rose to $1,125,969 in 1885.

It should b(^ encouraging to our farmers to feel that there are customers
somewhere who require their productions, and are willing to trade liberally
with them. As producers, our farmers should certainly encourage trade

K

witli tliosc countrips, ff)r, while tlicii' dcMiiaiids for fai'iii products increasp,
they send practically no similar ^'oods to this market, nor ai-e they likely
to df) so in the futni'c. This Lfives ns somethiiii; of an idea of tin' \'o]ume
and the natuiv of one part of our maritime trade. We will now turn oni'
attention to our inland* ti'ade oi' the trade of our faiiners with the ITj)per
Pi-ovinces and the I'nited States.

Our trad(i returns foi* ISGl re])ort sales of fjii'ni pi-fiducts to the Tpjier
I'rovinces to the value of 8207 : for 1 S8 t, Mj-. Fairwe.ither i'e])orts a sale
of i?l 2,000 of canned milk to (hem, of which twenty per cent. nn'i,dit he
r(^ckoncd as an e.\'])ort of fai'iii ]iroducts. The sales of canned milk liaxc
])rol)ahly inci'cased \-ei'v nuicli since that year, hut, with this exception, and
the sale of a (juantity of pf)tatoes in tlic lieLtiiniint; of the i)i'esent year, we
have no record or repoi't of any demand in the I '^p[)cr Pro\incos fi the
products of our farms.

In 1864, after a tei'in of perfect free tr.idein farm jiroducts, tln^ Ignited
States demanded oidy !^1 07,459 worth ; in 1 SS.'), under a restrictive policy,
this demand declined to ,^159,007, hut rose ao-ain in ISSO to 8272,480.
This trade would, no douht, double or pcM'haps trehle at once under free
laws : to the vast benefit of the forei<;n consnnu^i's, and the ijrcatly inci'cased
prosperity of a lai-^'e portion of oui- farmtn's.

Tt is illiberal, unjust, shoi't-si,i,dited and excn barbarous, foi- the two
nations to stand — as they do — in the way of the natural rights of the peo-
ple of the two countries ; but we cannot bargain away or imperil the I'li^hts
of otluTS or perhaps oi'pater rij,dits, in order to obtain what a civilized peo-
ple should grant without (juestion.

We sent last year to custom(>rs outside the continent of the products of
our farms, .$879,748 ; to inland trades .^272,480, to which might b(> added
$20,000 worth of milk, con.sumed in canning, for the rj)per Pi'ovinces.

Tn 1885 we shipped to customers beyond the continent $1,249,741 of
farm products, and by inland trade i?lG9,6G7 to the United States, and
$12,000 worth of canned milk to the XTppei- Provinces.

These figures pi-ove that our maritime customei's are too valuable to our
farmei's to be bartered away for less impoi'tant ones on the continent.

The aim of both Protectionists and Continental Unionists is to extend
our interests as nroducers. Both fail to do this by cheapening the cost of
pi'oducing, for while the first taxes all around, the latter would put a new
tax on one side to the extent of the relief given on the other.

In the days of the old reciprocity treaty our producers were taxed only

(

'Where tlie teini " Inland ti-.-ide" is used in this iiaper, it will have reference only to the trade
of the I'pper I'nninces and tiie I'niteil States,

\i']\ ]it'i' ci'iit. on tlicir r(^iisuiii]itioii, i't^y " rc\ rime only," their coiiijKititor.s
ill (Jiitiirio piiid twenty |icr (ciit., niul those in the riiitrd States about the
same. We are now on e(|u:il terms with ( )iitai'io. and we know the difli-
culties we haxc to eiieouiiter in comiiet iiiLf with the t'ai'iii |iro(lii(ts of' that
jiroviiiee (a eoiiditioii whieh would not een.^e witli roiiiiiiei'cijd union) :
uiuh'r the proposed selienie we wdiihl hiuc the eoiiipetition of the I'liited
States ill athlition, iind our tanners huinh-ned with eustoins taxes ii\erai^-
iiiff not h'ss than thirty per cent, tor hoth revcnut nd |iroteet ixc purposes.
\W' will lind, we think, that in the ai^yre^ate, onr fanners, purely as pro-
ducers, would not nain hy the eoinineri'ial union now proposed lietween
ourselves imd the I'liited States.

In 18G-1 we purchased S-, I'i l,7!*l.* worth of the [irochicts of tlu^ faruis
and i\ouv mills of the lliiiteil States, of this amount S"_'l'0,l' I i> consisted of
beef, pork, and hams, a sum •"^o^jTJjtJ greater thiin our total export of farm
products to th{! United States for that year.

Last year our inii)orts from that country amounted to >'.'")1!),(S1I, in
1885 it reached a total of S87l.',28(), oi- more than five times our exjiort to
them in that year.

From the U})i)((r l*ro\ inces we purchased ."^L'-lBj.'nS of farm products in
1861:, but after a period of restriction against the linittid States this de-
mand rose to about 82,115,02.") in 1884, and is likely much greattn* by his
time. A return to freedom of trade with the United States, would un-
doubtedly reverse our diiinand, which is now much larger for Canadian
farm products to demanding a greater jiroportion from the Tnited States.
This would help us as consumers, but, would it lie in the interest of tin;
farmer, if a protective policy still weighed against him through his con-
sumption of highly tax(Hl foreign and highly protected United States and
Canadian manufacturers ''.

The tendency of our national policy has undoul)t(!dly been to transfer
capital, laljor and business of all kinds to favored centres. Tlu; most potent
influence in diminishing tiie import trade of Halifax from 810,500,000,
which it was in 18GG to 80,15-1-, 107 in 1885, would still continue to operate,
though perhaps in a difi'erent direction, should the control of (>ur commercial
matters become a part of the United States National Policy. The princi[)a]
influence which under our National Policy has increased the impoi'ts of the
port of Montreal from 824,241,217 in 18G(; to 8-10,479,020 in 1885 and
lier exports in the same time from 8G,2 1!),94.'3 to 827,1G8,5'J0, while national
laws* were loudly protesting against such a strained condition of trade,

le

*.55C,6,'i7 tons of shipping, with crews numbering 19,.'i00, entered the port of Halifax in the
year 18SC. MO.SDT tons of shipping, witli crews numbering 14,ir>3, entered the port of Montreal in the
same year.

6

. I'

would still operate, against us should we make (he Middle States the ccutrc
of oui' coinuKM'cial syst(!in instcsad of tiu^ I'jtjxir I'loNiiiccs.

Tlu! iutkuincf's wliidi Jiavc hccii workiiii;- to iiicrciisc the |if»\v('r of tlu;
port of New Yoi'k as a coiiiiiK'i'cial, liiKiiiciul, and industrial ccnticot' tiio
lluited States, uutil 70 im-i' cent of tiic wiiolc imports of tlic iMiion pass
tJinjugli that port, payini^ G'J jxt cent of the federal revenue dei'lscd from
tax(!S ou iinj)orts, whieii has, as a eonse(|iience made New N'ork the urcat
exporting port of th(^ Union, until nearly oil per (tent of the lolid foreign
shipuHMits pass through it, would draw against I his pro\inee should we adopt
their ueutraliziugsysteni, just as our e(Miti'ali/.iiigsystem now works against us
Jjalmr will \h\ drawn to t,ha,t eentrt; whei'e eaijital and eommerce are most fa\ -
onjd, and it follows, that, in thes(! ceutnis consiimptjon will he (he greatest.
TIk! ceutro of eousuniption in tin; UnitiMl States has, during the last pro-
t(H;tive (U'a, heciii rapidly shifting fi'om th(( east to the west. .\ free trade
policy (which i.s not pi'oposed hy conniuMcial unionists) would give to tint
iniportcu's of our smaller cities, a nioi'e e(|ual chance against the customs
wall which now di'iv(;s all iin[)orts to the great "S(iu<'e/.(! stations'* of
Canada and the United Stat(!S. if our imports were allowed free entry at
our smaller cities, shipping would lind its way to those ports and greater
exports would he tins i-esult, moi-t^ capital and lahor would lind employment,
and consumption w(juld iiun-ease. 'riieivt is, in fact, nothing in the com-
mercial union .sch«MU(^ to pronnse any I'clief from the centralizing eH'ects of
our present policy, and, c()ns(!(pu'ntly, nothing in it, to inci'case the Iiohk!
nuirk(!t of the Nova Scotia farmer.

The farmers of our provincu^ compose I.") jjer cent of oui- population,
1 per cent less than in the IJiuted St,ates, yet we find that we import, from
foreign countri(!S and tlu; uj)})er provinces o^ . )■^'^', millions of dollars
worth of farm products, oi* ahout stncn d •^" orth foi" <'acli inhabi-
tant, or equal to forty-(Ught dollars for each rmer, while tlu; llnitisd
States imports aI)out out; dollar per head of i .)oj)ulation. We export
to otlun- countries (the upper pro\ inces imthuK *), slightly oscr one and
a half ndllions of dollars' worth, or less than one dollar per head of our
population, or (^cjual to about twenty-two dollars [)er (^ach farmer.

Using Mr. Fairweather's statistics, we lind that the Province nuist im-
port in nuinufactured goods from tlu; Upp(!r Provinc(;s (not mentioiung
foreign imports), a vahu; upwards of two millions of dollars greater than
we exported to them (including ndneral shii)ments). That the farmers do
not pay for their shan; of this purchase: hy <;xports of farm products to
the Uppei- Provinces, or to the; Unit<;d States, is chiarly evident.

(■ <->;

1

•r

A

'The Chinese term for customs stations.

. f

I

Our (ixpoi-ts arc siuiillcr tlian they should lu', as shown liy Mr. J. IF
Fletcher, of New iJr'uiiswick, who stated recently at a faruuirs' nusetint,'
that last year Ontario (^vportiul jum- each acre undei- cultivation, .^S.CG,
(.^U(!l)ec, ^\().l 1, whiles Nova Scotia only sent $;{.H7 in value.

lOvei-y thing goes to provc^ that our nianufacturers and otlutr t;lassos an;
consuming foreign and ui)i)er |)ro\ince fai-ni pi'oducts, and that wt; are sell-
ing litthi oi' no farm products on the continent, in exchange for tin; nianu-
factur(!d goods we are rciciuving from tluMu. lOvc.ry thing proves that our
farmers art; so situatiui that the com])etition in America (Upper Provinces
and United States) is such that then; are hut few articles that tlu^ can
rais(^ to advantages, and that these must have the tVctest chance; to cii-culate
wh(!re they will i)e reepiired. It prov.'s that the farmer's market must not
he limit(!(l to this continent alone, unless \\'i\ wish to ruin tlu; farmer of
Nova Scotia <;om])l(!tidy.

The farmers cannot k(M'p pace with this advanced age as liheral oon-
sunun-s if they are not ai)un(bint or succiissful producers, unless tlnur com-
modities have large pow(!rs in measuring against otluir conunodities. They
certainly will not hav(! this powisr, uidess thc^y havfs tlu; gr(!atest possible
freedom of the worlds markets. We may secun; this hy meeting freedom
with freedom, when liherally and un(iuesti()mU)ly oHertid, and imperil free-
dom onc(! ol)tain(!d, liy short-sightinl, ov(!rreaching policies.

it would cin'tainly In-, morally wi'ong, while wc; think, it would lu; any-
thing hut good dii)l()macy in this civilized age, to vntvr into ungentsrous
or selHsh allianc(!s with any country against another, depc^nding solely
upon the tmlightenmentand gnuMU-osity of the latter, to save us frotn re-
taliatory treatmcMit.

In conclusion, we say: (Jiv(( us no sham free trade policy,-— no freedom
with one country for a t«u'm of yiiars to prevent us gaining i\v.t> trado with
the rest of the world. No policy that will put our farimu-s, and in fact
the masses of our pcsople, und(;r the IkmsI of foreign monopolies. No
policy of cringing deju'-ndenoe for our comm(!rcial and industrial develop-
ment on a country wiiose coursi- in such nnitt((rs towards all countrii^s not
politically connecttjd to luir, has for the last quarter of a century, been of
the most sellisli characttir.

Rather let us work energc^tically, faithfully, consistently, and patiently
for true free trade; for a policy of indep(!n(Kmce and self-reliance;; for a
living faith in the resources of our own country— in the worth, ability,
and force of our people to hold theii- own against tiie comp(;tition of the
world, hitlie capacity of our intelligence to grapple with our own commer-

8

cial problems ; with positi^'o faith in the i)ower and riglit of our
principles and in theii' final triumph with a woi'thy people. This course^,
and this only, can promise peace, satisfaction, independence, and true
prosperity in its full measure to the most important wealth producers in
our provinces, the fai'mers of Nova Scotia.

«? ^

1

1

i *

■

9

Nova Scotia's Principal Imports of Farm Products.

...

^

Fiscal Year,

IS()4

CO

t:

17,«30

2-20, 2 19

Animals GI2

Hoiiieil Cattle. . .

Horses

Animals all otliur

i'oiiltry

liutter and Lard ,

Butter

Clicesc I o,.>8(;

Flour j l,7y.3,SIS

(Jreeu Fruit j '2\),()"

( Jrain .")(), ."ilKS

Onions ! 12,'20S

Hi<lei* «nd Skins i 1,7.")S

Kgg« , '

Horns and Hoofs ....

Bacon and Hams

Beef, i'ork and Hams

Beef

Fork

81ieep Felts

Lard

Barley

Beans

Corn

Corn Meal

Oats

Oat Meal

Wheat

Buckwheat Meal

Buckwlieat

Feas '

Rye Flour

Wheat Flour

Dnniage'l Flour

I'otatoes

Berries, ( Jrapes, Peaches, &c.

Trees

Tomatoes

Field and (warden Seeds. . .
Sweet Potatoes, &c. N.E.>S.

Bread Stutls, N. F. S

Hops

Wool

Swine ,

Bran and Mill Feed

Plants

Bulbous Roots

Hides.

;i.7ou
no

42S

,1(51
]().S

(),()(5(i

287

8,970

ca

r.

lSS(i

ir.7

none.
,S,1!)4
:i4()

28(5

22

1(5

1 88.1

C 1) ■-

188(5

e2

70(5

(500 4,174

none. none.

none. none.

107 17

4,:;o.")

IS.SKM

84, 02.')
8,1, 880

17
.1(52

49
G89

none.

none.

none.

none.

none.

il 134

l,7o8

$2,181,179

28,(5.80

none.

2,21.1

.14,090

22(5,848

8

88

27

.801

287

98

870,(j.l(5

8,710

22

17,019

4, .118

1,,109

ir, 2(5(5

11,218

1,(5.18

8,-1(54

91

889

1,28.1

1.1

49,871

.82,1(59

81,(547i

1,(548|

hl,(5(59i

14!

1,2(521

.14,224

202,801

1

G.l

12

21(5

none.

2,17

128

58,7(5.1

114

4)

20,147

A,G79

1,042

12,2»r)
8,1.8(5

1,708
88(5

7(5

288
none, i

none. |
151
108!
none. |
none. I
none ]
149
none,
none,
none.

296
none.

1.18
none,
none.

8,805
none,
352
1,205
7,1.84
2.10
2,287
707
none,
none.
262
811
21,231

188(5

8(53

4,174

.8,194

84(5

30.8

71
(555

4,305

9()
25

19,095

none.

18

«i
SOj

ic'

"-i

none. \
none. •
none.

112
none,
none,
none.

none.

21(5

none.

none.

17,922

491

08

80,004
$872,2851 $549,814] $44,794

1,46(5

.180

i,P51

(574

128

none.

82,187
31,(555

15,(581

14

1,8.84

54,224

202,801

1

177

12

216

479

123

.18,971

114

52

.88,0(59

6,170

1,110

13,7Ql-

8,716

8,(559

1,0(50

128

76

18,524
!$48,212

98.528
$598,026

10

Nova Scotia's Principal Imports of the Manufactures of Farm

Products-

Fiscal Year

Bread and Biscuits

Milk Food and sinular )

food Preparations /

Dried Apples

Fruit in Cans

Manufactured Leather

l'i(;kles, &c

I'rejiared Meats

Corn Starch, &c

Canned Corn, Tomatoes, &c.

Bristles

Hog and Horse Hair

Cider

Fluid Beef not medicated . .
Meats, N. E. S

02

-t-J

+->

■72

1864

22,6;?0

$22,630

•n

fa

1885

985

2,869
1,170

2,1 S3

6,752

109

1,763

1,243

313

57

73

147

$23,006

United States

Except
United States

Except

United States

1

Total.

1886

1885

1886

1886

623

(505

473

1,096

591

591

1,616

none.

none.

1,616

987

365

192

1,179

1,813

3,305

3,689

5,502

1,620

9,718

9,505

11,125

7,754

none.

254

8,008

339

1,295

1,096

1,435

1,815

293

624

2,439

1,053

22

13

1,066

451

none.

none.

451

115

146

none.

115

8

47

58

66

29

129

$15,925

80

109

$18,814

$15,984

$34,798

\

Unenumerated Articles Imported 1864, (not necessarily Farm Products), $83,520.

4. »

11

K

Imports of Farm Products from the Upper Provinces to the
Maritime Provinces, for the Fiscal Year 1864 and the
Calendar Year 1884.

(t'oiiipilccl fnun tlic tnidc rclm-M-, ami statistics published liy Mr. Fair\vc;uher. )

i Xo\a Scotia.

1804
190,8.50

Mar. Frovineeh

1884

2,7.50,000
•S20,000

.S,070,000

.SO, 000
00,000
.S5,0(H)
40,000
.S5,()00
75,000

;w,ooo

30.5,000
10,000

;i 38,5, 000

02^, :v

for Xova Scdtia

1884

i''loilf

Oiitiiical

1,718,7.50

200,000

1,918,7.50

Heiif, I'oilv, Hams

2,2.50
40

liicad

liuttcr and Lard

5,18-J

282

42,025

20

0,790

Urecn Fruit

(I'raiii

Vc('etal)les

Hides and Skins

Bran, Barley and Peas

18,7.50
.S7,500
til 875

iMalt

Mill Feed

Cheese

8:;i

25,000
21,875

40,875
18,7.50

190,025
0,250

2,115,025

Cui'ed Meats

Uats

Butter'

•1

Preserved Fruits

248,.S18

Total

" From a total import of about .512,000,000 liy tin
Upper Frovinees (in 1884), Mr. Fairweather (of the St.

i Maritime Provinces from the
•John Board of Trade), assigned

jtly G2J, per cf

12

Nova Scotia's Total Imports of the Products of the Farm,
Excluding New Brunswick and P. E. Island.

Upper Provinces ,

Unitku St.vtes.

Fiiiin I'voduets

Miinufiietures of Farm Products.

Total Import from U. P. and U. S. . .

Al.I, OTHKK (JoUNTHIKS.

Farm Products

Munufactuies of Farm Products

Total Import.

1864

248,318

2,131,179
22,03C

'2,153,809

2,402,127

1885

2,115,625

1886

2,115,625

Caleiid.-ir \'c:ir 1884 Caleiul.-ii" \i:uv 1881

872,285

23,006

895,291
3,010,916

.149,514
15,984

565,798

J,G81,423

44,794
18,814

48,212
15,984

63,608

64,196

3,074,524

2,74.1,619

Import from the Upper Provinces has probably increased very nmch since 1884.

*y

Exports from Nova Scotia of the Farms in the Year Ending

September 30th, 1864.

(rreat
Britain .

.N'ewfound-
land.

B. W. I.

United
States.

Upper
Provinces.

Vegetables

870

38,173

4.671

27,806

69,338

80

57

30,383

613

502

853

273

30

925

' 7,650

131,115

18,.1()4

10,321

3.3,145

112

1(50

8,287

2, ,185

6, .140

(3,939

2.623

12,784

ioo

80

371

1 222

57

2,849

232

618

.30,206

73,724

l",288
11,842
44,970

78

Horses

Cattle

Slieen and Swine

lieef Pork and Hams, &,c.

Butter and Lar'l

Cheese

80.1

'.'.'.'.'.V.i

. 0

FLTtrs

^ ■'BO ^

Flour

. .'.'I. \ '.

Fruit, (h'een

481

..r.ry.

(lirain

189

Potatoes

Other Vetretables

Hav

Wool

Hides and .Skin

...?v7?.

•^ /.

§1,286

t ■ ' it

$174,574

§240,925

$167,459

$A':.267

* ^

1

#T»

* ^

13

Nova Scotia's Exports of the Products
Fiscal Year Ending 30th June, 1885,
N. B. or P. E. Island.

of the Farm for the
not including sales to

a

■* "'

S

I

'2

•2 1

hS

x

0

^

-4^

^^

PC

D

Horses 11,710,

Honied Cattle 417,.S'2,S 104,:r)4

Slieep 410 r),{\M\ ,

I'oultiy ' 74

T^utter 200i 76,8,S{)

Cheese l()7l

^:ggs l,8(il!

i'ork (5,147 .

Fruits, (ireen 21 1, 1 10 4,068

Fi'uits (ireen, all others. . 1,05"2 ,

Oats 4-2,8211 <)4()

Potatoes r),144

Other Exports of the Farm 172,9H 40, I^")')

1,700

12
2,007
1,1 07i

2!)

8.0S{)
100
41.")
822
2!)")

7i,r)r)7 r?

r)C8

1,007

27,707

2,0.S1

12,428
0,010

10, ioi

4.S,109

~1 ^ o

— .— o
o i >.

t a:, •-

o; — I-
X ^x

— ^ x

Total !?844,7?i; $264,763 §5.38, 184 !5;159,607

4J

U

S - *

fc '3 -5
21,070

...{.>>,2;]o

20,18!)

i.r)!)4

104.40;i

i,r)40

74,0il.S

0.770

220, "128

7,!)!)")

r)l.M77

07700

1,-1 .'4. 0(14

§1,400,428

Nova Scotia's Export of the Products of the Farm for the
Fiscal Year Ending 30th June, 1886, not including Sales
to New Brunswick or P. E. I.

l"

—

.

73

■ B

3n

.2

^

S

a

«

-w

:d

^
P

i

s

S 1 8.1)0")
22."),t);i()

2.S,(i04

2,.S.")4

84,728

1,0.")3

72,377

2,()!)8

110.012

2,320

70.803

232,270

l"),21o

2"),")")")

204,i>04

14

Comparative List of the Principal Farm Exports and Im-
ports to and from Nova Scotia and the United States
in the Years 1885 and 1886, and the rates of Duties paid by
each Country.

l']\|iorts to
United States.

1 ss:

l8S(i

Iinports fi'oiii

188")

Horses

l'o\dtry

lUittcr

Cheese

(Jreen Fruit, Ap])les,
Oreen Fruit, N. K. S.

•^'.Ug^

Fork I

Bacon and Hams. . . .

15eef I

Mutton I

Lard i

Fotatoes ;

Oats

Barley

Hay

Wheat

Corn

ss,()S()

??.•>, ,')2N

!i? :'.,700

8'2"J

847

428

•J!).")

.•!:<:^

l,llil

none.

;

10

12,4-28

4,77(i

(M)(i(i

(Mi 10

I,!)!!!

17,01!)

71,i")'>7

(;7,!»(;2

287

non(^

(1

.s:),s:!(»

none.

107

.S,!»70

!)

none.

;U,92;-)

rA

78

none.

none.

none.

2;;,o:«)

1(),1!)]

ir)2,287

22

none.

27(i

8

none.

none.

none.

i,()40

1,7.T)

none.

none.

0

27

n(jne.

none.

r.4,0!)0

'I'otal S\ 17,()8() §2:i"),8():i

Slates.

rnited States

Cauiidian

duty.

( 1 n t N .

I88(i

S ;!,1!I4

20 |). c.

20 p<'r ci'ut.

280

10 p. c.

20 per eent.

22 4

cts. per lit.

4 ets. per U).

r)(i2 A

ets per Ih.

."1 ets. i)ei' It).

4.;{or)

I''ree.

40 cts. pr 1)1)1.

20,147

l-'ree.

*

(III

Free.

Free.

.Ml. 047 1

et. per tti

1 ct. per 11).

18.00! 2

ets. per Hi.

2 cts. per 11 >,

:^2,]00i 1

ut. per IT).

1 ct. per lb.

none, i 20 per eent.

1 ct. per 11).

ir),ooi» 2

ets. iHU' 11).

2 cts. per lb.

4! 1.") ets i)er bus

tlOc. i)ei' bus.

1 10

cts. per l)us

lOc. per bus.

14 10

ets. per bus

1")C. per bus.

none. .*!2

00 per ton.
ets i)er !)iis

12 20

loc. per bus.

r)4,224 10

cts.pi'r l)us

7.1c. i)er lius.

SISl,.S.S8j

" Fniits— r.reen, IJlaLklitnics, (liio^eliuirio, Ka^i)liLi rics ami Strawberries, 4 cents per Ih, incliidint?
\veit;lil of package: Clienius, 1 leiit jjer quart ; (Irapes, "J cents per lli; l'earln;s, lieiit per lli; l.emuiis ami
( )raii^es, 2(1 per i:'Mit.

t L'lians;e(l in 1SS7 to l.'i (ciits per Inishel.

Nova Scotia's Inland Imports and Exports of the Products of
the Farm Compared (excepting N. B. and P. E. I.)

Upper Provinces.

1884

188")

188(i

Imports .S248,3I8 S2, 1 1 r),(i2.-) .S2, 1 ir),(t2.-;

Exports .

i^/2iri

[2,000

United States.

1864

1885

1880

82,ir).s,800 .ssn.").29i 8">(ir),7n8

lG7,4r)9 i:)S),0()7 272,480

15

t 2»

Nova Scotia's Imports and Exports of Farm Products to and
from the Upper Provinces and the United States Com-
pared with all other, (excepting N. B. and P. E. I.)

i
li states
Upper
vinces.

I8()4

1

All other.

1885

<1 States

Upper

inces.

Iniport.s .
Exports .

;— P

82, 402, 127
I«7,72(i

All othtT.

•Srl.OIO.KK) s (i;i,(l(KS
171,t)()7 1,240,741

r/l

<U

1

33 "i

•r.

ISSli

*.*;2,(;si,42.s

t r.s. 272,480

All ctl.lT.

>; (i4, 1!)(l
S7i',7i8

Assiiminti that we imported no more from the Upper Provinces than in 1884 and '85.

t No report of sales to the Upper Provinces in ISSfi, but presume tiial a (|iiantity of canned milk was
shipped.

«:»

Nova Scotia's Principal Imports of the Products of the Forest,

and Woodenware.

Fiscal Year

Logs and Unmanufactured Timber

Boxwood, Cherry, &c

Mahogany

Oak

Pitcli IMnc

Walnut and Cedar

Hickory

Lignunivitii', &c

Woodenware, Manufactured

Woodenware, Unmanufactured. . . .

FUKNITURE, WOODKNW.AHK. &('.

Furniture

Hubs, Spokes, &c

Mouldings

Mouldings, Manufactured

Shingles

Wootlenware

Manufactures of Wood, N. E. S.

Lumber, &c., N. E. S

Show Cases

United

States.

1804

128,738

ir>,224:

United
States.

188.-)

Unite.l
States.

1880

4,732

1,704

()4r)

30!)

34

0!),-)

ir)8

302

3,230

.-), ")-),-)

9,027

10,482

82,-)

49.-)

44

229

12,145
200
1.39
2()G

1,912

23,00,-)

424

193

11,44.-)

189

74

081

10.3

1,187

1.-),I02

317

.-)37

)

Total 1^143,902 ?«7,579 $49,840

Ill

Nova Scotia's Exports of the Forest.

KisiMl Yctiy

'/-,

1804 isni i,sfi4 isiit i.s(;4

~j f.

It

>-> t

o

is(;4

.iiiiil.ti;i'iinluT.CM\\'(l,&c. ^17--'.0!>!l S4( ),!).•{() .S37 1.7. '{(i s| •_>(), .VJ!)| ii: ■J4I | ,-

A'oodLiiwiuv r)!),(i()() ;;.:);i(i •j.-js.-) s.(i!i-_> •_>.77.") I ''^ ' • '

Total

)

i I

•j:{i,()!iit 44j()0 .S74.()2i i:r),-j-j|: ;},(ti(i S7n,(ir

Fiscal \'oai'

J'ixpOltS of till' l''olL'St

iSS.'t KSS.") ISS,") ISS." l^s,-) JSS,")

ikkj.h.ks .■)!,. s-jii i(;tj,i)!4 ■j:!(;,',h)1 i,-.>74. »;:.;!

Fiscal Yoar ISSU ' 1SS(; ISSO ISSii lss(i 1SS(;

Kxpoits of tlu; Forest lS7.SS-_> -.Ml.-Sill I'J.kOJ.") •J7(I, I ID 1.4l7,:!7:i

m

V^p

I

h

K

mi^a