PRIZE ESSAYS

ON

TOBACCO,

BY

R. A. II. MORROW,
Ri:v. Dr. WILSON, Miss LAURA BIGNEY,

WITH

AN INTRODUCTION

BY

Rev. a. J. McFarland.

PUniJSHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OP
^HE ANTI-TOBACCO ASSOCIATION OF ST. JOHN, N. B.

ST. JOHN, N. B. :

DAILY TELE(J11AP]I IJOOK AND JOB PllEKS.
1889.

Entered acconling to Act of Parliament of Canada in the year 1SS9, by
llobert A. H. Morrow and lloljert Wilson, at the Department

of Agriculture.

INTRODUCTION.

Tli(! prospority, safety and liappinoss of society (kponcl larcjoly
upon tlio industries, trades and liabits which its people encour-
acjc and foster. No industry or traflic that is essentially or
inherently evil and injurious, can he a blessing to the comnmnity
whennn they are tolerated, however rich the profits they secure
to tho.se engaged in them, or however large the revenue they
hrinyj to the f'overnnient that leiijalizes thoni. No habit whoso
indulgence is necessaiily and inevitably damaging to health and
morals can be beneticial however pleasurable and desirable it
may be to those who are addicted to it.

While it is true that men do not generally wish to do what
will injure either themselves or others, yet it cannot bo denied
that traffics, practices and habits which tend to produce poverty,
disease, vice and crime, are now widely }»revalent a\ the most
civilized lands.

It is clearly the interest and duty of every citizen to so regu-
late his conduct and habits as will Ix^st promote his own hap-
piness, and that of his feHow citizens so far as his influence
extends. Moreover, it is the recognized [)rovince of good gov-
ernment to secure so far as possible the same end by wise and
just laws. It is the settkid judgment of a large and increasing
chiss of persons in our country, that the only true and effective
]iational policy regarding the li(|Uor tratlic is to prohibit it. Jjy
a similar couise of r(!asoning, the conviction is rapidly taking
hold of all thoughtful and consistent minds that the Tobacco
trade must also b(^ ))rought under government control. This is
clearly seen in the xast number of petitions now being i)resented
to parliaments and legislatures, ])raying the enactment of a law

,_ ^ -^ Q.

JV IXTKODUCTION.

prohibiting the sah; of Tobacco to boys under certain ages. 7n
tliis is sliown the trend of coming legislation. Tn this direction
points the logic of events. For the Tobacco trade diifers from
the ]i({uor traflic not in kind but only in degree.

With the aim to secure snch rclialjle facts and arguments on
the subject as would enable every one to judge intelligently in
regard to it, the Anti-Tobacco Kociety of St. John recently
offered a prize for the best essay on Tobacco, its history and evil
effects. Six essays were ])laced in the hands of the examining
committee, which consisted of Ii(!v. Canon Brigstocke, Di-. W.
S. Morrison and IT. H. Distin, Secretary of the Y. M. C. A, of
St. John. A majoiity of the committee a\v;ud(-d the first prize
to the essay preparoxl by R. A. if. iMorrow of St. John, Vvhile
favoi-able mention was made of those written by jlcv. Dr. AYil-
son of St. John, and Miss Bigney of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.

At a recent meeting of the Society it was unanimously decided
to publish these three essays as \>\i7.o essays in one [lamphlet"
These essays have been pre})ared after extensive research, and
with s]>ecial regard to accuracy of statenuMir. The aim of tlio
writers was not so much to win a prize, as to contribute some-
thing that would be helpful in thefoi'mation of a healthy public
sentiment respecting the subject discussed. We, therefore
bespeak for them the careful perusal and considerate judgment'
of all into whose hands tliey come.

A. J. Mc'Fahland,

Pastor of the R. P. Oonff.

St. John, X. n.

■»•

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY

BY

R. A. H. MORROW.

Tobacco and its liistoiy foiui^a ronarkalilu narrative. No
otlici- plant lias connected with it snch variety of association.
ICvcn the I'cnowncd ]*otat(), witli wliicli •' tli(; weed " is allied
in I':ii^lisli Rtorv, nnder the title of " Iialei.<,di's Two Plants,"
l)econies weak in interest compared with this narcotic, which,
Taiinagc says, "has bewitched the world.''

Tin; IIIMili KNOWN AS TOBACCO

is a large leaved succulent plant, profusely covered with
clammy hairs, which are said to absorb the malarious atmos-
l»her<» abounding in regions wdi(u-e the plant is indigenous.

The species of tobacco comprise about fifty varieties. Its
active princi[)le is a deadhj narcotic poiaon. In proi)ortion to the
presence of this poisonous element is the weed adjudged of
commercial value.

Tobacco is i)ropagated from seed, and retpiires careful labor
to prepare it for merchandise. The soil in which it is culti-
vated must be exceedingly rich and mellow in order to secure
an abundant crop.

After the plant has come to maturity, the dried leaves are
variously prepared for smoking, snutUng and chewing.

Tobacco-leaf is dotted on the surface with minute elands
which contain a peculiar liquid known as nicotianlne — the essen-
tial oil of tobacco. This oil is composed of a bitter, dark resin-
ous extract ; a volatile substance of an empyreumatic odour,
and a transparent fluid alkaloid called Nicotine.

e TOBACCO AND ITS IIISTOnY.

Besides this essential oil wliiclfis liiglily poisonous, the leaf
contains a large amount of salts, consisting of chloiiiles, sul-
])hates, phosphates, annuoniuni, nialates of potassium and other
destiucti\e elements.

Till': KAULY KXlSTFA'Ci: 0!' TOH.V('f'0

is involved in as great ohscuritv as that of the American In-
dian, with whom the herh was evidently sandwiched, and whose
traditions point to the rising sun, as the direction whence his
ancestors came, through tields of ice in protracted darkness.

V^arious theories are entertained regarding the origin of
tobacco. Some suppose the plant s[trnng np in Yucatan during
the dark ages, S[)reading to Old Virginiii, whence Sir Walter
Kaleifdi transferred its leaf to the court of (.^i ecu Elizaheth, as
a priceless heritage, and tit companion to the Potato, which he
planted on his Irish Cork estate ; others are of opinion that the
Chinese practiced smoking from a remote antiquity. Tins
opinion is l>ased on the fact that in China, on very old sculp-
tures, representations of modern tobacco-} )ii)es have been found.

One idea is that Tobacco was among those pernicious plants
which sprung u^) to curse the ground after man's expulsion from
Eden.

Persians, Mohammedans, and other Eastern peoples, have each
their antiquarian legend about the origin of Tobacco. The Per-
sians hold that shiraz tobacco was given by a holy man to a virtu-
ous youth who had lost his wife, and runs thus : " Co to thy wife's
tomb and there thou wilt find a weed. Pluck it, i)lace it in a reed,
and inhale the smoke as you put tire to it. This will be to you
wife, mother, father and brother, and, above all, will be a wise
counseror, and teach thy soul wisdom and thy spirit joy."

The .Sloliammedan legend states that a sick viper was restored
to healtli by the warmth of the i)roi)hct's body, and being
ungrateful, stung its preserver. "The prophet sucked the
venom from his wounded wrist, and spat it forth. From this
drop sprang that wondrous weed, which has the bitterness of

Tobacco and its history.

tlie .serpent's tootli, (|ucll(.(l by the sweet saliva of the propliet."
('/i(t)nher's Encijcloprjlvi referring to th(! suhject states, "It
is not iniprobable that the smoking of Tohacco has hcen long
l)ractisecl in the East." Tli(> same antlioritv refta-rinj; to tlie
various species, says, "They are njjtivcjs of svarm countries,
most of them American, although some are found in the East
Indies." Again it asserts that one sjiecies " is a natives of the
East," and another " is a native of Persia."

In sui)port of the idea that the Tobacco plant was known to
the ancients, Professor Hitchcock, one of the best authorities
of the dty, ass(.>rts that

TIIK NAME TOBAf'rO l.S DKRIVKl) FROM BACCHUS,

the god of wine. He says : " In declining that name according
to the ndes of the Creek granmiar, it runs thus: nominative,
0 Bakchos ; genitive. Ton Bakchou ; dative. To Jlohrho. The
literal meaning of which latter case is .something offered to the
person or thing spoken of; viz., in this case, as I understand
it, Tobacco means a certain weed dedicated to Bacchus, and it
is truly a most acceptable offering, for scarcely anything else
promotes his cause so much."

Consulting the various authorities outside of Hitchcock, it is
surprising the lack of harmony existing as to how the word
Tohacco came to be used by us. Webster gives it as transferred
to the herb from the tube or pipe in which the Indians smoked
the plant, and goes on to say that some derive the word from
Tobaco, a province of Yucatan ; othei-s from Tobago, one of
the Caribbees, but adds, "this is very doubtful." Worcester
gives his opinion second hand, as coming from Baird, whose
idea was that tobacco is from the Indian word Tabacos, the
name which the Can ibbees gave the pipe in which they smoked
the i)lant. C/iambe/s ICnci/rlopedia states that the word Tobacco
is of "uncertain derivation, but most probably from the native
American name." Benzoni, whose travels in Ameiica from
1542 to 1550 were published in 1565, asserts that the Mexi-
can name of the herb was " Tabacco."

S TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

Fiom tlio stiitciuents of tlioso atitliors, and others that, mii^lit
bo (juotod, the iiiferenec- is that Tof,„rro was a weH-kiiown t«Tm
amonpt tlie liKlians, and tliat ("nrtiei- knew its primitive
meaning whoji he named tlie ishuul of Orleans at Quebec, wliere
the savages held ln"gh carnival when un.der tlie inihw-nce of the
Meed, "the Jsh; of P.acchtis."

Whatever opinions ni;iy l.e hehl ivpudin- the origin and dis-
covery of the plant it ise\ident that the

kxo'.vij:ii(;i: ok toijacco anjj its isks
m tlie iornis of smoking, snufllng and cheving came to ns
through the savage natives of America.

AVhen Oul)a was discoveivd l.y Coluudms, in 1492, the
inhabitants were found smoking the weetl in rude cigars. TIi(>
habit of snulF-taking was obserNc.l hy a Krancisr,., named
liannjii IVme, whilst accompanying CoJund.us on his S( cond
voyage, in 1104 (I ; and the Hi)aniards saw the j-raciice of
chewing indulged in hy the natives of South America in loO^.
^vs other portions of the Continent becan)e known, it was
apparent that the [.ractice of Tol)acco-using, especially l.y smok-
ing, was a habit which liad long been bound up with the
natives " in the bundle of life " ; and was not only a universal
luxurious usage, but had significant connection with their
solemn tribal ceremonies, and all their important transactions.
It was also learned that the Cnhnnet, or Indian Pipe of Peace,
was essential to the ratification of their treaties, and that social
suioking with them, had significance of the most cemented
friendship.

Wilson's Prehistork Man assures us that, in the belief of the
ancient Indian worshipper, the Great Spirit smelled a sweet
savor as the smoke of the sacred plant ascended to the skies ;
and that the Calumet in his hand was considered a sacred
censer, from which the hallowed vap-or arose with as fitting
proi)itiatoiy odors as that which perfumed the awfid precincts
of the Jewish altar, amid the ancient mysteries of the church's
liigh and holy days.

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTOnY, 9

It is also given upon good autliority, that tlioso tribos wlio wor-
sluppcd devils from time iinineniorial, used Tobacco in tlie most
astonisliiug manner, their priests getting drunk on its smoke,
and then holding connnunion with their deities, levealing tlie
responses of their infernal gods, after tlie fit of intoxication had
})assed.

Tobacco was, moreover, used in otlier forms of worsliip, and
considered essential to the existence of "the poor Indian."
Archer records that as Champlain stood by the C'haudiere Falls
his Indian companions threw votive od'erings of Tobacco into
the seething caldron to propitiate tlie Spirit of the Waters.
Hannay testiKes that in oMen times an Indian l>rave was
required to ha\e pipe and Tobacco among his possessions in
order to be eligiljle for a wife.

In warfare it is well known that the Indian warriors poisoned
their arrows with nifotine, and endeavored to repulse their foes
by spurting Tobacco juice into their eyes.

(Virtier, writing of Canada, gives a gliuij^se of tlie extent of
Tobacco using by the Indians in ir'.'')5. Ife desciibes it thus:

"When; grows a certain lierbe, whereof in summer they
make j)ro\ ision for all the yeere, and only men use it, and lirst
they cause it to bo dried in the sunn(>, then weare it on their
nocks wrap})ed in a biMstio's skin, iiiadi^ like a little bagge, with
a liollow piece of stone or v.-ood like a l>ipe; then when they
})leaHe they make jjowdcr of it, ai^d then put it in one of the
ends of said cornets or pi[>es, laying a ccal of fiie upon it, and
at the other end smoke so long tliat tliey till their liodies full of
smoke, till that it comes out at their mouth and nostrel;;, even
as out of the tounel of a chimney."

Satisfied that the savage '•'-origines of America were once

THK nilKF IlKPOSITOIUES OF TlIK TOIJACCO PLANT,

on the Western Continent, the (juestion arises, How did they
obtain a knowledge of its uses and sacred import?

Tiiose who attempt to sol\e this problem contend that the

10 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

savago races alluded to are " The Lost Ten Tribes " who crossed
the Alentiaii Isles to the Western World, bearing the seed of
the coveted ])lant with them to scatter on the genial shores of
their adopted land.

However tliat n)ay be, or whatever ideas may be held re-
garding the early career of Tobacco, the present location of
the revolting tribes of Israel is, beyond all doubt, one of the
great unsolved problems of history. Some think they are to be
found in the Nestorian Christians of Turkey in Asia; others in
the Afghans of India ; and others think they have gone to
places more remote ; whilst many hold that the English nation
is comi)Osed of these tribes. Among all the theoiies set forlh
concerning the identity of this people, that of the American
Indian seems as plausible as any.

In the conviction that the lost ten tribes are, doubtless,
still preserved somewhere hitact, by the pro\idence of Ood,
the writer inclines strongly to the opinion that the Indian
races referred to comprise these tribes. One thing in favor of
this opinion 's the fact that the Indians never mingled with
other rac , and also closely resemble the Asiatic Mongolian.

By ! gical reasoning it might fahly be said that as Nebuchad-
nezzar was ''.sent to grass" on account of his liaughtincs^-, .so
justly might these inebiiate, idolatrous, obstinate tribes, have
l)een consigned by Jehovah to wander in prolonged solitnde for
absolute rejection of tlnnr fathers' God, thus casting " them
out of His sight," as a warning to other nations, after He had
" atHicted them and delivered them into the hand of spoilers,"
as recorded in tlie inspired Word (II Kings, 17-20).

Notwithstaiuling the popular opinion that the weed is a
})urely American plant, the idea cannot honestly l>e supported,
and there is good reason to believr' that

TOBACCO, LIKK MAN, IS A NATIVE OF THE EAST,

although it is doubtful whether they both had their origin in
Paradise, or were ever intended to be life companions.

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 11

Tlic original discovery of this rer owned plant shall probably
remain a mystery forever. Some have thought that th(; herb
discovered on the plains of Jericho, which called forth Elisha's
miracle, recorded in II Kings 4th chapter, was Tobacco. The
platisibility of this ide^a rests on the similarity of the effects of
that plant to those of Tobacco. At the dearth at Gilgal, a
youthful novice it appears, was induced to pluck a ])rofnsion of
laige inviting leaves to cook for dinner, that he and his com-
})anions might have "a good square meal" for once. The
experience of those who partook of that " mess of pottage " has
doubtless been the exi)erience of every juvenile who has indulged
too freely in his first cigar. If language did not testify " there
is death in the pot " his looks portrayed his feelings.

If this theory could be established the whole mystery would
be solved, as it might easily be shown that if this plant tvas
Tobacco it would not only satisfy the mental ci-avings of a degene-
rate Israelite, but eventually become to him a "Hyssop" plant
of the most endearing character, the burnt offering of which
he would consider well calculated to please his idol deities.
But apart from this, as they were a nation of drunkaids, it is
unreasonabhi to suppose th(!y would depart leaving the weed
behind. (Jne argument in favour of this theory is that the dis-
coviM-y referred to was made 175 years previous to the disjiersion
of the lost ten tribes.

How(!ver, it is perhaps better that the matter should remain
in obscurity for some wise and good purpose that we cannot
now comprehend.

TOBACCO WAS FIRST INTRODUCED TO EUROPE IN 1518,

through the seed having been sent to Spain from Mexico, by
Uonzalo Fernandez De Oviedo, a historian of some note, who
was brought up at the Spanish court as one of the pages
cf Prince John, and sent out to San Domingo in 1511 as
supervisor of gold-snieltings. It reached France in 15G0 from

12 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

Lisbon, through Jean Nicot, French ambassador; from whom it
derives its botanical name NicofAana.

The Tobacco plant was imported to Spain in 1 558 by a jih y-
sician named Francisco Fernancles, whom Philip the Second
had sent to investigate the products of Mexico. Tobacco was
cultivated in that country as an ornamental })lant until Nicolo
Menardes, a noted physician, extolled it as an emanation of
Divinity, sent for the mental renovation of mankind. It was
considered i)ossessed of almost miraculous healing [wwers. Its
crowning virtues were its powers to clarify the mind, impart
new inspiration, and soothe the troubled heart of man, under
the most adverse circumstances. Some of the titles by which
it was dignified were '' Jlerha jxinaceu,'' '- Ilerha Santa/' ''Sana
Sancta Iiidoruui."

As Tobacco spread to other climes its sujjjmsed virtues secured
for it great hmiowu. Sages wrote in its favor; poets sang
its praise; novelists eulogized it in tale; divines embodied
it in their discourses. Evei. the saintly Ebenezer Eiskine, in
his "Gospel Sonnets," spiritualized it thus: —

"And when the pipe grows foul within,
Think on thy soul deliled with sin —
Thus tliink, and smoke Tobacco."

Spencer, who wrote undf.'r its inspiration, -ailed it " Divine
Tobacco." Lilly the astrologer, e.ujbodied it in his production
as " Our lioly herb Nicotian." These and other siujilar lauda-
tions uttered in its favor from the great centre of civilization,
gave it an impetus which soon became manifest.

Although the Tobacco plant was introduced to Europe through
Spain, the habit of smoking it was initiated and spread through
English example. Ralph Lane, the iirst Governor of Virginia,
and Sir Francis Drake, brought with them in 158G, from that
colony, the materials of Tobacco-smoking, which they handed to
Sir Walter Raleigh, who, every school-boy is taught to be]ie\e,
was the Iirst to introduce Tobacco to English society. Lane is

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 13

Jiccreditcd with having been tlie first English sniokor. Sir John
Hawkins is also credited by some as the original carrier of
Tobacco to England in 1565 ; but the proof in this case is too
meagre to accept.

Through the influence of Sir Walter Raleigh's practice of
smoking, all the young nobles of Queen Elizabeth's Court soon
began to smoke ; and the fact that this illustrious personaire
smoked on the morning of his execution induced the aristocracy
to follow his exami)le, and the habit of smoking soon became
deep-rooted amojig all classes, and spread rapidly throughout
the European continent. About 1650 it appears to have com-
manded special attention in every accessible portion of the
world.

The first record of Tobacco being used as snufFby Christians
comes from France about the year 1562. About tlie same
time a snuff manuflvctory was estabiished at Saville, which pro-
duced the celebrated Spanish snuff.

TlIK CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO COMMENCED IN HOLLAND

in 1613, and soon after in England. In 1657 the manufacture
and sale of Tobacco were farmed out in Venice, yieldins'- con-
siderable government revenue.

Although the habit of Tobacco using had become immensely
popular in the early i)art of the seventeenth century, the weed
had its foes as well as its friends, and soon

A WAR OF EXTERMINATION WAS WAGED AGAINST TOBACCO,

compared with which that now raging against the English spar-
row in the United States and Nova Scotia is unworthy of notice,
Queen Elizabeth, who was pestered with Tobacco-fumes in
the royal palace, whilst her youthful admirers enjoyed the
luxury of " pulKng," issued her edict against it. Her Majesty's
plea for enforcing the decree states, that smoking is "a demor-
alizing vice, tending to reduco Inu- subjects to the condition of
those savages whose hp-uts they imitated."

li TOBACCO AND ITS IJ I STORY.

Elizabeth liaving passed away before the "sanctuary was
cleansed," James the First, on ascending the throne in 1603,
continued the Ojiposition against tobacco by issuing a book
called Misucapuhs, or Comiferhlmte. In this imperial volume,
his Majesty used strong language. Among other things, he
says : —

"A custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harm-
ful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black
stinking fumes thereof nearest resembling the horiible stygian
smoke of the pit that is bottomless." Again, after stating that
the use of tobacco tends to lust and drunkenness, ho adds ;
'SSome gentlemen bestow three, some four hundred pounds a
year, u^ton this precious stink, * ^ which is a great inicpiity
and against all Jmmanity. * * Have you not reason then,
to l)e ashamed, and to forbear this filthy novelty, so basely
grounded, so foolishly received, and so grossly n)istaken in the
right use thereof?"

"NV lulst the royal Coinderhlaste is b(^ing perused, the renowned
Robert Burton is compiling that remarkable volume, Anatomy
of Me\anchohj, in which he discusses the " burning (juestion''

pro and con, in the following strain :

"Tobacco — divine, rare, superexcellent Tobacco, which goes
far beyond all the panaceas, potable gold, and philosoi)her's
stone, is a sov(>reign remedy in all diseases— a good vomit, I
conf(!ss, a virtuous herb if it b(> well qualified, opportunely
taken, and medicinally used ; but, as it is commonly abused by
most men, which take it as tinkers do ale 'tis a plague, a mis-
chief, a violent purger of goods, lands, lu.-alth,— hellish, devilish,
and damned Tobacco, the ruin and overthrow of body and soid."
The craze after Tobacco at that time was intense. Owing to
its demand in Europe, "the fields, the gardens, the public
scpuires, and even the streets of Jamestown were planted with
tol)acco, which soon became not only the staple but currency of
Virginia." In olden times, to gratify an insatiable appetite,
we are told the heathen " sold a girl for wine, that they might

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 15

drink." But Cliiistians forming Tlie London Conqmny, char-
tered by James the First in 1»J0G to colonize South Virj,nniii,
induced 90 poor, l»ut respeclaldo women, under pretence of
obtaining husbands, to submit to exi)ortation in IGIO, wliom
tliey traded to tlie [)lanters in tliat colony for 120 ])ound.s of
Tobacco per head. As Tobacco was then said to be Avortli two
penc^ per pound in tlic colony, although it sold for about :30
pence ;;» England, the value of each female was put at twenty
shillings sterling.

JOncouraged by this ex])eriment, GO additional females were
sent out a short time after, and disposed of in the same way,
realizing 30 pounds of Tobacco each, over the former shipment.

About the same time, the captain of a Dutch tradiy," vessel
})rocured 30 negroes, whom he traded to the Tobacco plantei-s
also. Thns commenced the curse of slavery in the United
States, which continued with all the horrors described in Uncle
Tom's Cdhin, for 24G years, until the foul blot was wi[)ed out
by tlie best blood of the American nation.

No wonder the anti-tobacco Puritans on arrivir.g at Boston,
1G30, petitioned the goveinment that no Tobacco be ])lanted in
that colony, " unless it be seme small quantity for mere neces-
sity and for physic, and that the same be taken privately by
ancient men, and none othei\ and to make general restraint
thereof as much as in you is."

After James' decease in 1G23, we find Pope Urban the Eighth
hurling the anathemas of his church against the weed, with all
the dignity of a true Italian.

Whilst Urban is thus at Mork in Italy, we pass over to the
Ottoman Empire, and there find the Turkish Sultan Amurath
the Fourth,, hissing at it like a hot stove insulted by the filthy
saliva of the tobacco user. Not only that, but decreeing its poor
victims to the most cruel death of that age. Other Sultans
engaged in the crusade ; and when life was si)ared, the pipes of
smokers were thrust through their noses, and they were led
about the streets of Constantinople, as a warning to others.

16 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

The Shall of Persia also made; the use of Tobacco a capital
crime. His proclamntiori was, that " every soldier in whoso
possession Tobacco was found should have his nose and lips cut
off and afterwards be l.nirnt alive."

From this we return to Russia and view the battle raging
there under the leadership of the Czar Michael, who also cut
off the noses of smokers in his domain. At that time the
custom was to iidiale the smoke l)y inserting the forked ends
of a hollow cane into the nostrils, and applying the other end
to tlio burning leaves or powder of Tobacco, so that trinnning
the nasal organ was considered a just punishment for the
offence.

Lea^■illg this scene of carnage and returning to the Vatican
after four succeeding Popes to Url)an had passed away, it is
sur])rising to iiud the docile Innocent Eleventh going for the
vile intruder, like a tiwr thirstinij for blood, determined to
stamp the weed out of existence or die in the attempt. IIow-
('\cr tliat was easier said tlu\]i done. Tlu^ plant had taken root
in a congenial soil, and like other b;ul weinls meant to stay.
All the opf o.sition referi'cd to, and much that shall never be
told, seems to have l)een in vain. The move it was ti'od upon
tJK! I'anker it grew, until it lias now liecome an upas tree of
gigantic jiroportions, idolized by Turks, Hottentots, and Chris-
tians alike, and forming a })onderous source of the world'.s
national i'(>venui>.

OXl': OF THE CHIEF PLEAS ACAINST TOBACCO

by despotic monarelis was, that its use diminished the physical
foice of their soldiery. At the time referi-ed to, the earth
seemed one great battle-field, and, as Tobacco was known to
dwarf body and mind of the daring soldier, its use was therc-
foic^ sternly forbidden.

Knowing the demoralizing nature of Tol^acco in the army,
Napoleon Bona})arte shrank from its use as something to be
dreaded by a man of his capacity. Louis Napoleon also took a

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 17

death staiul against it ; and in 1862, on leaDiing that insanity
and [)ai'alysi.s liad increased in France, with the increase of the
rev(.'nue on Tobacco, ordered an examination of educational
institutions, and finding that tlie standard of scho]arshi[) and
character was ]ow(.'r amonij those wlio used tlie weed tliau
among tliosc; who did not, forbade its use in all tlie public insti-
tutions of France, l)y issuing a stern decree.

Notwithstandinir all tins, France is a natic^n of smokers.
Germans, Turks and Russians smoke inveteratelv. Th(> habit
is universal in India and China, men, women and children,
using Tobacco. Even in CIreat Ihitaiu, tli;; IJniied States and
Canada, smokijig is on the increase, and boys may be seen
strutting about the streets with cigarett(^s ]!uirnig like locomo-
tives, before they are able to purchase thn/nn' L'^.

TilK AMOUNT OF TOBACCO CONHl'Mi:!) IX Ol'R WORLD

to-day is truly a[H)alling, and ils cost to th(i consumer is iniin-
itely beyond our comprehension. The Atiwriran (J racer gives
the followini>- sunnnarv of Tobacco used in the United States
during tlie year 1887 : cigars and cigarettes, $180,000,000 .
Tobacco for pipe use, $20,000,000 ; Tobacco for chewing, $50,-
000,000 ; netting in all, $250,500,000.

Rev. Dr. Bolton of Chicago, in a lecture published in the
Cln'istian Nation, July 1, 1888, puts the iigures more than
double this amount. Tlie following are his estimates. He
says: "Turn to the United States census of 1880 and we will
find that $800,000,000 was spc^nt in the liquor interest in one
year ; $000,000,000 for Tobacco ; $505,000,000 for bread ; and
meats of all kinds $303,000,000 ; shoes $190,000,000 ; woollen
goods, $237,000,000 ; cotton goods, $210,000,000. So you see
that taking the whole countiy, agricultural distiicts as well as
great cities, our expenditure for liijuor and Tobacco are mcirc
than the prinu! necessities of life."

By careful investigation it will be found that other nations
are as fairly represented by the expenditure on the weed as is
the American republic,

18 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

Com}>iiting tlie census of the globe at 1,500,000,000 wo liave
the inlmhitfuits s})ending, at tlie same latio as the Unit<j(l
States, based on the American T/Vocer's estimate, !$6,4 12,500,000
yearly, or over scNcmteen and a half million dollars per day on
Tobacco. In contemplation of such waste, apart from the i-eal
import of the text, well might tlie i)rophet of old exclaim,
" Wherefore do von spend money for that which is not bread ?
and your labor for that which satistietli not?"

The figures i)resented are apparently incredible^, ]»ut when it
is found that they only allow every member of the human
family, the small (quantity of one and one-sixth of a cent's
worth of Tobacco daily, they will be considered reasonable.
This jiittance would seem lather meagre for those who expend
their thousand dollais for one thousand cigars, as did the late
Eni})eror of Germany ; or an aristocratic friend in St. John?
who lately purchased a small package of Havanas at a cost of
$326.

When we consider the lai'ije nundjer of those who use their
ten or twenty cigars daily, we will find the calendar presented
as low an estimate as can be made consistent with fact.

But after all, it is useless attempting anything like a correct
estimate of the expenditure on Tobacco, as the indirect loss
cannot be computed, wen-e it })ossil)le to get possession of the
real cost.

According to the lowest estimate given, the money consumed
in our world on Tobacco yearly, would construct

TEN RAILROADS AROUND THE GLOBE

at a cost of $25,000 per mile, and leave a balance of 162^
million dollars in the treasury. Tt would do better than that-
It would Iniild schooMiouses, churches, and su})port missionaries
at honui and abroad sutiicient to evangelize the world in a few
years.

In face of these facts, may it not justly be asked, Why is
such waste, and worse than waste — demoralization? The

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 19

chi(-f reply that can bo given to this iiKiuiiy is based on the
apology thiit a lai-gi; luajoiity of sinok(.'rs l)a\e ignorant ly been
led to iovxn the habit in ' outh, without cousideriiig the matter
of waste, right or wrong, in connection with their undertaking.
It is a fact not to be controverted, that boys chielly learn to
smoke through flattery or inntation of men, and because it is
considered gentlemanlike! and attractive to puff a " Havana" on
the street, or in the presence of ladies ; and thus the habit
grows, until its devotees have h-arned to love and roll the
"vile stuff" as a sweet morsel under their tongue, and become
bound to their idol with adamantine chains.

Itowevcn- others may think a\)0ut th(i matter, the wi-iter of
this essay cannot help ha\ iiig a fellow-foeling for the boy who
is tempted to use Tobacc(\ Haviig in boyhood endured such
temptation, the import of its meaning can yet be realized.
The ni'dit his old school-teacher induced him to tiv his
"meerschaum" and be a man, shall be held in everlasting
remembi'anc(i.

At that time almost evcnybodv smoked, snuffed or chewed
Tobacco. Theological professors used the drug in ]>!ofusion.
Young men at college considered smoking part of their educa-
tion. In the house of mourning the fumes of tobacco filled the
ajjartment where the corpse was laid, blending up the flue as

A PERFUMED BURNT-OFFERING FOR THE DEAD,

whilst its associate " champagne " was coi)iously drank to soothe
the miseries of tlie living. Those who have se(>n an " Irish
wake " recpiire no further information on this point.

If reports are to be accredited, an old bachelor in those days
going forth in the gloaming, to trade for a housekeei)er, took a
bone for the dog, candy for the bal>y, whiskey for the old man,
and a " coil " of tobacco for his intended mother-indaw. Some-
thing of" the same kind was also considered a respectable "tit-
out" for a young man like " Oelcobs in Search of a Wife."

The American Continent, it seems, was not far behind the

20 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

Old World a conlury n.Lfo, in tlic liaLit of ToLaeco ii.siii,:,'. It Is
evident tlinl cliin'cli and st.-itc were a unit in rcconiincnding its
use. [t is cMiii('!i!ly jcjiorlcd that a \('s(i|/ l>()ok c-oiiijtilcd in
Old N'iriiinia ffoni 172:> to I77;'», liavc siicii cntrifs as these: —

To Mr. IJii;Ii)vv, for seventeen senuoiis iit 350 Ih^ tobacco a.O.lO lbs.

To Hisv. .JoIiM laid, salary 1 (5,000 f,

To ditto for hoard 1,000 i.

'Vo ditto for clerk 1 000 n

To Mary <-'lark, «t.\t(;n 400 „

A^'veod wit]i .iaiiics Drig.^.s to k('c[» Kli/.al.ctli Nii>iu;t for cue year, and
to liiid her in cloths, for l/2(iO lh,s. of tohacco.

'i'o widow l/iwreiicL', ]vc\\v_^ [joiu, ,">■'..'() Ih^. tohac.o.

A\ ith siuli suri(,undii!.;.s in favor (■£ Tohacco, at tin; hc^innini;
oi' ihc iiiiu'tccr>t]i ccntuiT, it is uoi suriirisin;.; that tli.' jucscnt
gc'iciMlion appicciatcs the; vv(H'd. iJiit \vhiK> g;-cat ignoi-
anco ninst have; pi\'\ailcd at that time regarding the true
nature cf J'ohacco, no apolosv can he ofU'rcd for rcniainino-
ignorant in that respect to-da.y.

Althougli it is lamentable the ignorance which still prevails
among the masses as to the esSvMitial properti(.'S of Tobacco, it is
welhknown to the medical [)rofession, apothecaries and many
others, that Nicotine, Mdiich is the chief element in toljacco, is
one of the

MOST DIv\DLY AND TEiailMLK OF ALL KNOWN POISONS,

and cannot bo taken into the system with impunity. The
natural leaf is known to contain from two to eleven per cent,
of this destructive material, a small portion o^ which will
destroy life in a few moments. N drop of the oil of To1)acco
from which this nicotine is extracted, has been known to kill
a dog, "and small ])iids have perished at the approach of a tube
containing it."

It is also weildaiown that no user of Tobacco can prevent its
poison from getting into his blood, and penetrating the whole
systcju, afi'ecting every organ and fibre of the frame. Not only

TOBACC(f AND ITS HISTORY. 21

that, but polluting the pure atiiiosphoro of lioaven, which others
have a rigl t to brciithe uniiiolestctl, with the noxious effluvia
from liis person. But, worst of all, transmitting to his posterity,
the germs of diseiiso and death, again to be entailed upon other
generations to a remote posterity. This lamentable, but scien-
tific principle, e.stablished by the law of in/ieriknice, is undeni-
able. It is also not to be denied, that many a smoker has vir-
tually murdered his wife or child, by compelling them (o
breathe the ])oison of Tob.icco-smoko in tlu'ir own dwcHing,

TIIK FIltST Dl.SCOVERV OF THE POISONOrS ELEMENT

of Tobacco Mas made by two ( niinont clxMuists of (^'eniiuny,
named Passelt and Reimann, in the year 1S2S. L'ltcr investi-
gations have confirmed their statement, which is now univcisally
received liy the clien)ical facidty as infallible.

Ptcgai'ding this poison let us investigate through standard
witnesses. I'ron-ir^ Kltiniuf^ of P/^./sloloiji/ and //i/;/t'')/e, one;
of our high school text l»ool:s, states at page L^j:') : " Tobacco is
among the most powerful oi" the narcotic })oisons which the
vegetable kingdom affords. * "^^ As alcohol is the active
l)oison in all the various forms of intoxicating drinks, so Nkottup
is the exhilarating agent in Tobacco, whether it bo cliewed,
smoked or taken as snuff. * * Tobacco exerts its character-
istic influence on the intellectual functions. Its action is slow,
and its (>xhilaration at any time almost impcrceptil)le ; but in
a series of years it works most disastrous consetpiences, ini|)air-
iiig first the power of decision — tlie will power ; after that the
memory feels its efTects, the finer moi-al feelings are ])lunted,
uiul the mental perceptions — the powers of abstract thought- -
are impaired, and the whole mental fabric, slowdy undernn'ned,
falls into ruin. So stealthy is its approach, so insidious its
march, that neither the victim nor his fiiends suspect the cause
of his feeble health and failing mind ; an i even when the faith-
ful physician has the sagacity to detect the cause, and profes-
sional honor enough to tell the whole truth without concealment

22 T<>IiA(JC<> AND ITS lllSTOJiY.

tlie cliancos nro groally agsiiiist tlio ])ationt's l)oini( aMo to
oxcrciso stflt'-fontrol fii()Uf;]i to apply tlio proper loiuody — tlio
oiitirc disuse oftiic poison in every form."

A_i,^iiii at pa,L,'o 2(>7, it sa3s : "• Tliero can bo no question of
its pernicious ett'ects on persons of s(!(lentary liabits, and es]»ecially
on tliose devoted to n)ental j)ursuits. Tlie victim of tlio Tobacco
jioison makes iin n[)oloi;y for the use of liis cii^ar by declarlni:;'
tlijit it gives force and clearness to his mental oj)eration, and
yet he does not pei'ceive that even that a})ology is an admission
of the fearful eft'ects of the poison on brain action. If a man
has so reduced his l)rain-]io\ver that it is nec(;ssary to cut off
the vital forc(.' from the nerv.jus extiemities, in order to supply
the force for efficient brain action, ho is certainly on tlio road
to mental imbecility and physical decrepitude. There is no
doubt but that thousands destroy yeai's of the ripest usefulness,
and induce ind)ecility and socoiul childhood, by the habit of
using tobacco."

Another text book of the highest standard, used in our high
scliools, Elliot <C' Stover s Minoial of Clicmistnj, classifies Nico-
tine, as standing second on the list of throe of our most deadly
known ])oisons. It says: ^^ Prusslc Acid is intensely ])oisou-
ous"; " Nicotine is the chief alkaloid in Tob-acco and is a very
violent poison"; '^ Stri/c/inine is a highly poisonous alkaloid."
Webster gives it as " eminently poisonous,'' and Worce.ster as
" very poisonous."

77/e United States National Dispoisator//, a work of the
highest medical authority published, says : " Nicotine stands
next to Prussic Acid in the rapidity and energy of its poisonous
action and should never be used internally, as its fatal dose is
unknown " The following summary is given in this volume,
as re[)resenting the essential effects of Tobacco on man by the
action of Nicotine as em})loyed experimentally, varying from
one-thirty-second to one-sixteenth of a grain taken in water.
It says ; —

77/e miwUest dose occasions a burning sensation in the tongue,

ToiJACC(} AND ITS JUSTif/H'. 23

ajiot acrid feeling in tlie moutli, and a hovhh of rawness iu tlu;
throat. Small clours pioduec a Sfiise of lioat in the stomach,
chest and head, an<l even in tlie lingers, Avith some excitement
of the nervons system. Laryei' dosfs cause lioaxiness, giddiness,
torpor, sleepiness, indistinct vision, with sensitiveness of the
(»ye to liglit, imperfect hearing, laborious and opj)re.ssive breath-
ing, and dryness in the throat. Tn 10 minutes after the larger
dose a sensi; of great debility is percciived, the head droops, the
pulse-rate falls, the face grows pale, Iht? features are relaxed,
the lindjs seem paralyzed, the hands an<l feet are cold, the
coldness advances gradually towards the trunk, and faintness
ends in loss of consciousness.

The disorder manifests itself in the iliii-estiv(; oi-ijans, l>v
belching, nausea and vomiting. After the poison has developed
itself, th<' nervous syst(.'m shows its condition by muscular
spasm.

Wlteti lln' (lose IS hiryc, lis d'trert mid ininiediate ejf'ects are
extreme jorosirafion and deatJi.

Nicotine acts primarily u])on the spinal and sym[)athetic
nervous syteni, and not upon the brain. It may cause death
by direct paralysis of the heart, or more indirectly by jtaralysis
of the breathing nniscles, producing fainting.

THK FATAL DOSK OK COMMON TO15ACC0

is given as vaiying from two ounces to tifteen grains.

The .same volun)e says, a detailed account of the evil elfects
of the excessive use of Tobacco by smoking, snuffing or chewing,
would occu])y more space than can be spared for the purpose in
the work ; but a condensed statement of the principle ones may
not be omitted.

It lessens the a})[)etite, iujpairs digestion and other natural
functions"; while it irritates the mouth and throat, rendering it
habitually congested, and destroying the purity of the ^oice.
It induces a habitual .sense of uneasiness and ner\ousness, with
epigastric sinking or tension, palpitation, de[)ression of spirits.

24 TOBACCO AND ITS III STONY.

neuralgia and other uncomfortable annoyances. It also renders
tlie vision weak and uncertain, causing objects to appra,r as
resembling a collection of va})ors. Similar derangements of
hearing occur, with buzzing, ringing ;ind other sounds in the
ear. Ot'tiii there is a feeling of rush of blood to the head, with
vertigo, and iuniairment of attention so as to prevent continu-
ous mental eiibrt. Th.' mind is also ;ipt to be filled with crude
and groundless iancies, leading to self-distrust and melancholy.

'I'he sleep is fre(juently restless and disturbed by distressing
dreams. It impairs muscular jxnvi'r and co-oi'dimition, by
interfering wilh nutrition and exhausting ner\ous ibive, and
usually kc>eps down the growth ol musele and deposit of fat.

Althouiih there is not one redcemimr eharaeter in this work
in fa\(ti- of Tobacco, fnrth(;r than a statement that it has been
used in \arious forms w'th success, in the treatment of a few
diseases enunu'i'ated, ineluding scabies on man and l)east, in
which case its usi^ has been discontinued, owing to the risk of
j>roducing toxical sym[)toms when the skin is broken ; yet it
admits there are j)ersons who use Tobacco lixing to old age,
whose constitutions seem pioof against its Diisc/io'roHfi etlects ;
but to the greater number its use is more injurious than useful,
and // ticfs Hjioit a ccrfdlu ntuiihrr, la <(bnnst nJI (i(i,scs, (fa a sure
ji()i,s()ii : (OkI //s pcr/iicio/'H nctlaii >>poio cliildnd ((ml hah Is fat'
inorc iii(e)ise and jirohniyed Uiku upon ((dnlfs. Tobacco is here
stated tu be hostile to all forms of life. When its fumes arc
thri)wn into the lungs of animals, or when its decoction i.s
applied to their skin, its poisonous oj)eration is speedily devel-
oped. T/a' oil of tobacco whii-h accumulatt^s in the bowl of
.smoking-})ipes is gi\en as a rintlcnf jn/tson, ovn when apjilied
to eruptions upon the skin. Its immediate efl'ects are pallor,
Acrtigo, faintness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweating, diarrha^a,
and paralysis of the lower liml)S.

Did space permit, thousands of testimonials froih the highest
medical authorities and others might be given, all hcarhuj icit-
Jiess to the poisonous, ^jervticv'uMif and deinoralizuig nature of

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 25

■huUdyence in the use of tohtuxo ; but it is useless to tlo so, iis
the volumo from wliich tlio last (|uot:itions have been made, is
adjudged the "grand assize," iVoni whieh there is no appeal, in
the decision of all matters concerning dru'>'s.

Uut apart from its baneful eii'octs upon man and beast,

TlIK CULTURE OF T015ACC0

is most exhaustive and deleterious to the soil, and highly pro-
ductive of misery among those who produce it. The old
tobacco-lands of Virginia, ]Maryland and elstnvhcre, now deserts
of blasted desolation, echo in thunder tones, that, " tobacco-
growing has been the besom of destruction which has swept
over these once fertile regions, producing inlinite wretchedness
among the })eople, and turning a fruitful land into barrenness."

r.isho]) iruntington of Central New York, referring to the
culture of tobacco at lladlev in the Connecticut A^alley, a short
tinuj ago, states: "Since iSf).") enormous harvests of tobacco
have; Ijcen raised and carried oil' e\ery year. Yet, by the
working of some mysterious law, not one doHar can be found
to show for it in all the pro^jorty investments or scenery of the
entire iwpulation."

Another gentleman of large experience writing on the same
subject, says : " The raising of tobacco has ciirse.d our fair
\alley. llattield, for instance, sonui twenty years ago the
richest town in the s' to according to its population, early
entered into the craze for gain through tobacco-raising. As a
result nearly exeryone has failed linancially. lUit far worse —
our farmers, who once declared ' 1 would cut off my right hand

rather than engagt; in such a business,' seeing their neighbors

at tlie outset — growing rich, gradually choked conscience and
became absorbed in the tralUc, This has demoralized the peo-
ple and paralyzed the church. The spiritual death resting upon
this valley may to a great extent be traced to this cause."

Prof. Bascom eloquently writes in reference to what might
be expected from its culture. He says : " Take the land, the
B

fir

26 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTOliy

suusliiuu, the laiu which (Jod gives you, and set them at work
to crow tobacco — tobacco that nourislics no man, cUothes no
man, instructs no man, pnrilit.'S no man, blesses no man ; tobacco
that begets inonlinato and loathsome appetite and disease and
de^^radation, that impoverishes and debases thousands and adds
incalcuhtbly to the burden of evil the woild l)ears ; but call not
this honest trade, or this gnawing at the root of social well-
beinir, ixettini!; an honest li\elihood. Think of CJod's justice, tlie
lionesty he retpiires, and cover not your sin with a lie. Turn
not His earth and air, given to minister to the sustenance and
joy of man, into a narcotic, deadening life and jwisoning its
current, and then tratlic with this for your own good,"

Tobacco-culture is well known to be d(!structi\e, not o)dy to
the soil, but its dreadful work is ai>})arent in the factories wIkm-c
it is prepared for merchandise. The average life; of oixiratives
is computed at four years. Dr. Rostral, physician to tlu! royal
tobacco factory in Moravia, reports that, of 100 boys entering
the works there, 72 fell sick during the Hist six months, while
deaths fr(Mpiently occur from the nicotine poisoning, by iidialing

the dust."

The lati! \h: Willard Parker of New York, after thorough
investigation, reports : "Tobacco is ruinous in our schools and
colleges, dimirfuKj hudji mid mind of the pupils."

T/iG Christian Stcdesnvin, a few days ago, records an extract
from Science, concerning the results of smoking by boys, which
says: "In an experimental observation of 38 ))oys of a,ll classes
of society, and of average health, wlio had been using tobacco
for periods ranging from two months to two years, 27 showed
severe injury to the constitution and insuthciemt growth; 32
showed the existence of irregularity of the lieart's action, dis-
ordered stomach, cough, and a ci-aving for alcohol; 13 had
interniittency of the pulse, and one had consumption. After
they had abandoned the use of tobacco, within six months
time one-half wer(,' free from all their former symptoms, and
the remainder had recovered Viy the end of the year."

TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY. 27

With sueli an arr^'^y of facts recorded as to the nature of
tohaceo, is it not surprising tliat many wlio l)ear the name of

TEMPERANX'E AND SOCIAL REFORM ADVOCATES,

should indulge in its traflic or use? In charity to such, it is
hoped they do so ignorantly. Notwitlistanding the knowledge
now possessed hy the world regarding the true character of
tobacco, it is a deplorable foct that some who are addicted to
the ch'ug, will advocate its use on the plea that many of our
most celebrated divines, fiction writers and other groat authors,
were men who used the weed. This plea at best is no argu-
ment in favor of tobacco. No doubt niany great and good men
have used tobacco and are still using it ; but is this any argu-
ment in its favor ? If wo investigate the biographies of the
groat characters of the past, we will find that many of them did
some very questionable things. Solomon is recorded as the
wis(>sfc man ; l)nt some of his actions were very foolish, and ho
would Jiave been a happier and better man had ho not been
guilty of them. However, it is well known that the majority
of our l)est authors, statesmen, and disines never used tobacco.

Whatever opinion may be held to the contrary, fohacco and
mm evidently stand on the same footing as regards the principle
of intoxication. While alcohol has an allinity for the brain
and dethrones reason, thereby throvving the whole system into
a state of al>solute disorder, v/icotuic, like opium, silently and
seci'ctly burns long and deep, s'lppliij the U/n^s blood from its
deluded victims.

The effects of tobacco and alcohol are both inebriating, and
they who habitually indulge in their use, are beyond all quea
tiou companions in drunkenness. 80 far as can be gathered
from the best authority, it seems that these two 2)oiso)is work
harmoniously into each other's service, as stimulant and depress'
ant — tobacco generally playing the original part in the work
of destruction, and alcohol conqdeting the ruin.

28 TOBA ceo AND 1 TS TIISTO n Y.

AVhon spirits are moderatoly taken, they liave a momentary
stimulating effect upon tlie wliole man. Tobacco used in the
same M-ay, by those wlio have been dmgged into its accustomed
use, lias a temporary soothing effect upon the mind, mellowing
every passion into repose, although the ultimate result is
exliaustion and the shaltei'ing of every nerve, as many in^'et-
erate smokers can testify,

The candid confession of many who use tobacco habitually is,
that *' a moderate indulgence may for a brief })oriod enliven the
imagination, accelerate the thoughts, and give a pleasing sense
of intellectual vigor, but under such unnatural stimulus, the
intellect works neither reliably nor safely ; and the n^action
and stupor which necessarily succeed, more than counterbalance
the largest measure of a]>parent gain. Aiul ho who resorts to
su.h expedients will soon find that not only has he been fasci-
nated and deceived, but that he has literally sold hiniself into
a physical and mental bondage fioni wliieh esca[io is almost
impossibl(>." One who knows all about it says : " No one is
sensil)le of the effects of tobacco on tlie nervous system till ho
lias attemj)ted to abandon its use."

To those unaccustomed to tabacco, no matter how it is takcMi
internally, it immediately produces bewilderment, sickness,
staggering and stupor. The reason assigned for this is, the
drug is so rejMdsive to human nature that all her jiiowcu-s are
marshalled at once to expel the intriulci-.

After the system has been drugged to submission, no further
unpleasantness is felt, and

THE PRACTICAL SMOKER

as he puffs forth volnr.ics of fragrance, seems to dwell in an
atmosphere of happiness, apparently regai'dless of '' what sliall
the harvest be."

Were it not for this (>h/.sian })rinciple of intoxication which
tlie drug i)ossesses, it would not be tolerated. As it is, how-

Tobacco and its history. 20

(ivor, few, if any, parents wlio use tobacco, could be found, who
will advise tlieir children to smoke; and the boy acquiring the
habit of taking " what father takes," must secretly practise by
using the niiserah/e cigart'tte, often manufactured from loath-
some stulis of used cigars, collected from spittoons, gutters,
of!al-heaj>s, and moistened with unDientloiKihle li(|uid mixed
with condimonts, 1)of()ie jmtting into shape, to make them
])a1atahle and attractive to the "small" l)oy. It is well known
that many of these cigarettes are infused with oj)ium and
tlu'ir wrappers drcjsse^d with arsenic, tlius r(3ndering them ex-
tremely iwjui'ious.

Regarding cigarettes, too much cannot be said in tlieir con-
denniation. Physicians who have investigated, declare ^'cigar-
ette smoking as one of the vilest and most destructive evils that
ever hcfell tlie youth of am/ countrij.''' Tliey consider its direct
tendency is a deterioration of the race. What makes it more alarm-
ing is the fact that young ladies are rapidly becoming addicted
to the use of these Jilthy compounds. According to late devel-
opments opium and other injurious drugs are used in cigar-
ettes, and even cigars, to an appalling extent. The "Havana
flavoring" alone, which is also used in snufF, is prepared from
the tonka-bean, which contains a deadly poison. Apart from
cigarettes, tobacco in other forms is known to be adulterated
and impregnated with poisons. "Opiates, laudanum, and Santa
Cruz rum," are among the ingredients used, according to a
manufacturer's recipe. One who is familiar with the manufac-
turing operation asserts that tobacco for cliewing is thoroughly
soaked in a solution of rum and licorice before getting ready
for market. Temperance men who use tobacco are, no doubt,
ignorant of this. But, after all, it must be admitted that no
mixture can be put into tobacco so hurtful to the human system
than the weed itself.

INlany ardent lovers of tobacco confess with shame and sorrow
tliat they know tobacco-using is a bad habit and injurious to
health, but feel unable to give it up,

30 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

From this wc must admit that tobacco is not only fascinating
l)iit despotic in its nature, and those who tamper witli it, know-
ing its true character, do so at the peril of tlieir immortal
interests, as well as of tlieir present health enjoyment.

But apart from the jjoisonous and intoxicating effects of
tobacco, it is well known that its use is a powerful inc(;ntive
to indulgence in the inebriating cup of alcoholic drinks, which
leads to beggary, death and eternal perdition. Of this there is
no doubt. It is beyond all <|uestion that

TOBACCO AND RUM GO IIAXD IX HAND.

*' Licensed to sell Wines, Liquors, Cigars," displayed over many
doors, stand as faithful witnesses to the fact.

It is moreover acknowledged, whatever affects the consump-
tion of the one affects that of the other. In supi)ort of this, one
of St. John's cigar manufacturers, Mr. A. H. Bell, on the
nineteenth of ]\Larch last, stated on oath, before the labor
commission, that the "Scott Act largely interferes with the
sale of cigars." The sequel of this is, that wherever the Act is
enforced, it lessens the sale of liquors, and as a natural conse-
quence, the sale of cigars is decreased.

It is also undeniable that tobacco destroys much life. Presi-
dent Grant's lamentable death is attributed to the free use of
cigars. Frederick III, late Emi)eror of (iermany, is believed
to have died from the effects of tobacco. The writer has seen
cases of tobacco poisoning resulting in death, through cancer of
the lip. Many similar cases n)ight be referred to.

Ilegarding the cancerous disease, it is considered largely duo
to the carbon in tobacco-smoke, which settles on the lining
membrane of the bronchial tubes, causing what is known as

"TIIK SMOKIvll's SORE THROAT,"

which sometimes ends in cancer. This carbon also cieates a
dark s(!cretion in the throat, which is raised by coughing. The
throat disease is more troublesome in cold, danq), foggy weather.

TOBACCO AND ITS II I STORY. 31

It is luorc rciulily induced by the use of cigars than of pipes,
and is said to be incurable whih' smoking is continu(;d.

According to latt; discoveries, it is the ammonia in tobacco
whicli excites the salivary glands to undue action, bites the
tongue, and exerts an inlluence on the blood, which in time
imparts a deathlike liue to the victim of the weed. The lassi-
tude, sleepiness, headache, and other similar disorders whicli
often pester the smokei-, are also believed to ))e largely due to
carbonic acid in the smoke. The unpleasant odour is caused by
the empyreumatic material ; and the abominable taste ex[)eri-
enced by him who for the lirst time puts a foul pipe into his
mouth, is caused by the resinous extract; while the nicotine
working in conjunction with the other elements of tobacco,
exerts a deleterious effect u[ion the whole system.

The influence of tobacco on health and morals, has long been
a fruitful subject of controversy in Europe. Encyclopedia
Brittanica says : " On all grounds, except as a medicine, it met
the most uncompromising opposition when it first became
known ; but it was precisely the expectations entertained
regarding its medicinal virtues which were completely dis-
appointed."

AS A MEDICINE TOBACCO IS ENTIRELY DISCARDED

by the leading profession, as the most dangerous drug in
the whole list ol Materia Medica. Chambers Fiici/clopcdia
states, " If it continues to hold a place in the Pharmacopaua, it
will probably be as an antidote to strychnine."

However much tobacco may have been recommended for
diseases of mankind in the past, it is doubtful whether any can-
did physician of repute could be found to-day, willing to stake
his reputation by publicly advocating its use as otherwise than
injurious to health, corrupting to morals and degrading to
humanity.

It is evident that the " tobacco problem " is mounting the
public platform for discussion. Gospel ministers, like Spurgeon,

32 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTORY.

who oiico (loclarod tlicy would " snioko to tlic glory of (lo<l,"
have abandoned the drug. Church Courts are seiiously iu((uii--
ing into the matter and refuse license to preach to those who
use the weed.

Tobacco-using pastors, after soleiuiily engaging to declare
" tl«; whole counsel of God," find it iuipossil)le to preach from
texts like these :

"Let us cleanse ourselves from all lilthiness of the llesh and
spiiit." (2 Cor., vii, 1).

"Ye are the temple of God. * * If any man delile the
temple of God, him shall God destroy." (1 Cor., iii, 1(5, 17).

"It is good neither to eat ilcsh, nor to driidc win(>, nor (ivy-
tltiv.fj whereby thy brother stuml)leth, or is offended, or is made
weak." (Rom., xiv, 21).

"Take heed lest by any means this liberty of yours Ix'come
a stuudiling block to them that are weak." (1 Cor., a iii, 9).

" Whether, therefore, ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye do,
do all to the glory of God." (1 Cor., x, 31).

Faithful physicians are coming forward, like the late Dr.
Botsford, one of the chief organizers of the Antl-Tohacco Asso-
chition, St. John, to declare to the world, that, as a profession,
they have failed to do their duty, in not waining against the
baneful nature of tobacco. The grand intjuiry which these
candid physicians advance is this : " Sensible of the corrupt-
ing influence— especially on youth — -of the pernicious tobacco-
habit, are we, as a body, justified in our silence ? Can we
excuse ourselves on the plea that many of our number have
contracted the habit and are enslaved to the weed 1 Ileason as
we will, we must admit that tobacco is a drug, and our govern-
ing axiom is, that no drug should be taken by jiersons in health"

Till': women's christian tempkhance union

throughout the world, are Ibrming the I'esolution that no gentle-
men shall smoke in their presence.

Leaders of thought in the temperance ranks are beginning to
realize that, in order to success, " no tobacco, no rum," must be

TO BA ceo A ND ITS II IS TORY. 33

tlioir future motto. No use, they Lclievo, attempting to stay
tlie overwhelming torrent of intemperance, wliile it is fed by
the wide-spread tobacco-liabit. Many are beginning to see tlie
absurdity of administering the ])ledge against tobacco to juven-
iles, vitli a quid in their own nioutli. One champion of the
(lood cause in St, John, llev. A. J. McFarland, has recently
announced in the most public manner, that, " Whosoever to-day
takes a decided stand against the licjnor traflie and the use of
intoxicants will be forced by the logic of his own arguments, to
condemn the traflie in and use of tobacco, as they are kindred
evils."

Abolition of the licfuor-trallic is certain in the near future,
and who can doubt that its gioat fostering ally — tobacco, shall
not have a similar fate. Having been inseparably allied in
life, it seems fitting that in death, they should not be divided.

The formation of Anti-Tol)acco Associations in the land
gives evidence that a spirit of inquiry is abroad. Boards of
jtublic institutions in Fianc(^, (fermaiiy, the United States,
Great Jjritain and elsewhere, issuing circulars forbidding the
use of tabacco to certain persons and in certain places ; and in
harmony with this, enactments of state legislatures, strongly
indicates that a sound of coming ruin is at hand. One of these
Acts now adopted in New Jerse}', states : " Every piirson who
s(!lls the narcotic in any form to a boy or giil under sixteen
years of age, is lial)le to a penalty of $20 for each and every
otTence." Similar legislation is being enacted in other states.
Scientilic temperance educational laws are now in force in
twentv-fivc states and all the territories of the United States.
These laws include instruction regarding the evil effects . of
tobacco as well as alcoholic liquors. The Kansas State Teacher's
Association, which held its annual session recently in Topeka,
adopted the following concerning tobacco : " Resolved, that we
condemn the use of tobacco in any form, by the instructors of
our youths, and that the use of tobacco by pupils in and about
our school buildings, shall be prohibited." It is even suggested

34 TOBACCO AND ITS HISTOBY.

tliat railway directors liave smoking-cars la})ellecl — ^' For the
'ituchan," and allow none but smokers to enter them.

Many christians are giving up the use of tobacco under con-
viction that the habit is morally wrong and ought to be aban-
doned ; and those who have left it off for a few years invariably
testify that their health is better for its disuse. A number of
well-known gentlemen in Ht. John could l)e named who are
living witnesses to this fact, one of whom retains, as a remem-
brancer of his former bondage, the last unused "iig" which he
purchased fourteen years ago.

The Salvation Army absolutely refuses recruits to its ranks
who use tobacco, under the })lea that " God cannot and will
not dwell in a smoking house ; and moreover, that those wlio
profess Christianity should endeavour to- be cleansed from all
i\w\v JiWilnvss and from all their idols."

Gentlemen of spirit are beginning to question the jiropriety
of indulging a habit for which they 7)iiisl. apologize in polite
society. They consider it humiliating.

Her Majesty Queen Victoria has i)rohibited smoking in
Windsor Castle. Tidings from distant lands intimate that
those who undertake to instruct the heathen must have clean
hands and pun; hearts, in order to be able to win souls for
Christ. One report reads : '• For God's sake keep your wretched
stuff at home and don't degiade my people." Another states:
" If the cursed v'ccd and Jire under you bring to us are the
fiuits of Christianity we don't want it." Even the poor Hindoo,
brands Christians in their land who use tobacco or spirits as
"drunkards" to be shunned.

These and other indications of true reform, evidently now
begun in the right direction, insjiire the confidence, that as sure
as Dagon fell before the Ark of the God of Israel, so surely
shall the idol lucutlne which the world adores, be shattered
before the invading host of an enlightened public opinion.

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE,

Lv A LErrER to John Smith, Esq.
hy

REV. DR. WILSON,

Ex-Pirsiilenf of the New Dnntxirlek iind /'. E. Idand Con/eirnrc «/ the

Mctlioilint Church.

To John Smith, Esq. :

Mv Dkar Fill end: As for all we do or try to do wo are
supposixl to bo able to render a roa-suii, 1 take it for "granted
that you have, or at least believe you have, one or more good
reasons for using Tobacco. To think otherwise would not 1)0
complimentary to your intelligence, would be to regard you as
an irresponsible being and to degrade you to the level of the
brute. Endowed, as you are, with conscience; and common
sense, 1 cherish the belief that you are open to conviction, are
anxious to know the truth, will calmly consider all that can be
said against the practice, and be willing to give up at once and
forever the use of the weed, if the arguments adduced are such
tjiat will commend themselves to your judgment; and having
given the subject much serious consideration, and having
reached the conclusion that the practice is an evil one, and
leads to other and still graver ones, I am not without hope
that you will see the matter in the same light and be, as I am,
a total abstainer, not only from the dreadful firewater, but also
from the use of tobacco in all its forms.

Now, instead of giving me your reasons for using Tobacco,
l)erhaps the same may be as readily reached by giving you
mine for not doing so. As my object is to convince your judg-
ment, I will deal in facts, and will regard style and phraseology
as of minor importance. I do not expect you to accept all I
say without question ; indeed I do not wish you to, but I do

(35)

30 Tin-] TOliACCO NUlSANCl'l

wisli tliiit yon mark, learn and iuwanlly di,i,^c.st it. tliafc yon
oxuniino, (.•()iiii)ai(! and {.lit it to the test, and tliat your con-
clusions may lie intclligontly arrived at. Jf you do iliis I will
1)0 port'cctly satistiiid, and the result will bo all that I desire.

And hero, allow me to ol»sorve that reform is the order of
the day. The [)uldie mintl is profoundly exercised over cus-
toms and usigi.'s that have eomo down to us from earli(!r times,
the right and projjriety of which had never been (jucstioned,
which good people indulged in and defended, Ijut which are
now believed to be wrong and injurious. 'J'he public coii-
soienco has been aroused, and the work of reformation will (to
on until every wrong practice has been discontinued and every
evil habit abandoned, and the good, the pure and the beautiful
in human character shall ha\e become univer.sal.

Such being the case, it may be to you somewluit surprising
that the use of Tobacco has not awakened mure attention, and
its injurious inlluence u[K)n health and morals been more gen-
erally referred to. Pi'rhaps the leason for this is that si»ecial
thought has been given to the Demon Drink, and the efforts of
refornu'rs have been concentrated to the suppr(!ssion of <iiat
giant evil, IJut as the temperance movement v.as not a suc-
cess until its adxocates adojited total abstinence principles, it is
becoming more and more obvious to all that " the axe must
be laid at the root of the tree," and not only must the evil itself
be gra-ppled with, but also all that tends in that direction.
And hence ere anyone can bo safe there must bo a giving uj) of
all unnecessary and unnatural indulgences and the abstaining
"from lleshly lusts that war against the soul."

Perhaps you would like to know something of the History of
this wonderful weed. Whether it had an Asiatic or an Ameri-
can origin is still an unsettled (juestion, but this much is known,
that when Columbus discovered the New World he found the
habit of smoking a connaon one among the natives, and there
is reason to believe it had been e(|uallv common arnonir the
Canadian Indians from a very reniote period. With them it

TIN': TOHACCO NUlSANCi:. 37

])!ul ;i religious cli;ir;u'tei', iilid was ciJiuiccl*'*! willi their wor-
ship, for the Circ'iit S]>irit was l)(!i(;\t'(l to "smell a .sweet savoi-
as th(! snioko of tlio sacred j)lani asciMulfd to luMNeii, and this
pipo was a liuly ceiisei- iVom whieh aroso as littin;;- pio}>ifiatory
odors as tljoso whieh peri'miie tlio eathedi'al altars ainid tlu-
iviystoi-i(!S of tlie higli and lidy days of tlit; eliureh." Hut that
idea lias ion^ since boon nmnhoivd with thu })ust, and for other
and loss nol)le jmrposos do the eloutls of inconso aseend.

It was first introilueed into Europe as a curiosity, next as a
medicine, ; mI finally as a luxury, and to-day is used by hun-
dreds of millions of our race all over the world. It soon caiiu!
to be v(!garded as an evil, and strenuous efforts were made to
prevent its spread. Church and State were arrayed against it ;
«evcro penalties wen; im})osed upon the users tlnn'cof ; rei)re,s-
sive laws were en;ictod to check its importation ; kings and
p.inces, ])hilosopliers and statesmen, doctors of divinity and of
medicine Id'ought their united iullueuce to btnir ujion if, lait all
has been in vain. l{(>gardless of royal, jtapal and parliamentary
powei', of local ;ind imperial l(>gislation, of clerical counsel or
collegiate authority, of niedieal ad\ice or of j)ainful personal
experiences, the weed has won the day, has overcome all o[)})osi-
tion, " and now holds in slaveiy a larger number of hum.iu
beings,"' and levies on them !i heavier tax than any other habit
save that of intoxicating drinks.

1. My first reason for abstaining from the use of Tobacco is its
Expensiveness. Money is as truly a talent to be well and wisely
em})loyed as any other gift or endowment l)y which we can
influence our fellow creatures, and for wdnch God will hold us
to a rigid accountability. For all I have, or ever will ha\e, I
can find many ways of spending that are right and pi0[)er, and
u}»on which I can a.sk the i)i\ inc blessing. Food and rainujnt
for my-self and family have to be ol)tained. Home comforts
need to be i)ro\ided. Books arc indispensable in our day.
Newspa])ers are a necessity. Lectures and concerts ought to
be ]>atronizecl when their character is good and their influence

38 THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

helpful to iiioruls and religion. IJcnovolcnt outeipriscs and
institutions rofiuire su])port. The ])()or have claims that cannot
be ignored. TIio l>il)l(^ Society appeals for aid, and bases that
appeal on the purity of its principles and the success of its
ollorts. The Church makes her demand in the name of her
]M aster, and shows how great is the need for increased liberality.
Her buildings are in debt, h(;r agents poorly }»aid, her ability
to bless, l)efriend, and save the erring and the lost is lessened
for ^^ant of funds, and nudtitudes will doubtless b(! lost for ever
b(;cause the means of sending them the Closi)el are not availa-
ble. And if all this be true, or even only a tithe of it, then I
would not dare to take that of which 1 am only the stewai'd
and spend it for that wliich, as far as I know, will do ine no
good either in mind, body or estate.

The world's annual Tobacco bill amounts to at least one
dollar each for I'very man, wonian and child on the face of the
earth. This would build sixteen I'ailroads from St. John to
Jb-itish Columbia, iit 820,000 ]hm- mile. With it 100,000
churches couhl In; erected, each costing -^^10,000 or employ
500,000 ministers at Jir 1,000 each i)cr year, and pay ijrGOO each
for the education of a million and a half of young men. There
Avas imported into St. John for the fiscal year 1885-G eighty-
two tons of tobacco, costing some $135,000. liy the time it
reached the consumer it is safe to say that $200,000 would not
be too high an estimate, and for which said consiuners have
nothing to show in return. This is about $25 for every family
in St. John and Portland, an amount which if imposed upon
us by our rulers would lead to their l)eing hurled from power,
and buried so deeply beneath the votes of the indignant i)ublic
as to render a resurrection impossible. Were this money
re(iuired for such a pur}»osc it would allow for every (dglitli
family of our })0{)ulation six chaldrons of coal, six barrels of
ilour, twenty pounds of tea, a daily })aper, a monthly magazine,
and a snug little sum for extras.

Again, we ought to make some provision for old age or
unforseen circumstances, so as not to be dej)endent upon others

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE. 39

in such cases. Six cents a day for forty years at compound
interest would amount to ])etween three and four thousand
dollars, and if then invested at six per cent, interest would
yield an annual income of over two hundred dollars. " Look
down my throat," said a hard drinker to a doctor, "and see
wliat is wrong there." " Nothing, sir, nothing," was the reply.
"Hut there must be, after what I have swallowed." "Why,
what hav(i you swallowed"? "A fine faiin, twenty negroes,
and .f 10,000, all in grog." And e\ery .smoker is \\\ similar
circumstances; for instead of a respectable sum in the bank
and the prosi)ect of a snug little annuity, ho has nothing to
show for all his exi)eiiditures in this line in health, cash or
material possessions, only the grim recollection of having puffit^d
it away in smoke.

2. 1 abstain from the use of Tobacco because of its FiltJuj
and Ojjensife chaiacter. The Tobacco plant is the filthiest
weed that grow.s, so filthy that the only animal known to use
it is the African rock goat. The mere smell of it will ehas(^
away from our garments mosquitoes, flies and moths. Jhit
however offensive it is of itself art has rendered it still more
so, as ap[)ears from the following. Dw Clarke (piotes thus
from a treatise written by Simon Paulli, physician to tlu! King
of D(!nmark ; " MiMchants frefi[Uontly lay it in bog-hoiise.s, to
the end that, becoming impi'cgnated with the volatile salt of
the excrements, it may b(^ rendered ]>ri.sker and stronger."
Speaking for himself, Dr. Clarke says: "A dcahu' once
acknosvledged to me that he freiptently sprinkled his rolls and
leaf with stale urin(; to keej) them moist, and presei-ve tlu?
flavor. A friend of mine, whost; curiosity led him to see
Tobacco spinning, observed that the boys who oju'ned out the
dry i)lants liad a vessel of urine by them, with which they
moisti>ned the leaNcs to ])repai't^ them for the spinner. Do the
'J'obacco chewers l<now this, and yet (.'ontinni,' in this most
abominable and disgusting practice ] Can any person think of
the above with a (jnid in his mouth'? ^^''ero this otlensivcness

40 THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

confined to the usors it would be Lad enougli, but it is not, but
"..s a source of annoyanco and discomfort to others as wclb
Tf it is wronc: for me to smi unkind irorJs it is surelv wrona; to
(ft) unkind f/tiiif/s. Tlie Law of politeness is violated daily by
every user of the weed, and there was more truth than poetry
in the re[)ly of a French lady to the question, " Is it cflensivo
to you for gcntlenun to smoke in your presence"? " No gen-
thhmn ever does so."' What would be thought of a man who,
having ac(|uired a taste for assafi'tiilii' would claim the right to
oceu]\y the s;une seat with yoti in the train and i)crsist in
])olluting tlio floor with tla; juice of the nauseous thing.
To many Tobacco is l)ut litthi less oifensixe. An atmos-
phere most disagreeable suriounds the user, everything about
him smells of it, his room, clothes and breath are cliargt>d
with it. At home and abroad, in company and alone, by day
and by night, on the road, the sidewalk, the platform and walls,
in the carriage, on the doorsteps, on car[)ets, hearths, stoves, on
the steamers' deck and the railcar iloor we lind ti'aces of the
fdthy habit. Doctors, ministers and others addicted to its use,
vvdioso duties have led them to the sick room have occasioned
gi'cat discomfort to those to whoiii tiiey have ministered. And
v\o\\ places sacre(l|y set apart for the worship of a [)ure and
lujly C-od, have l»een so scandalously abused by Tobacco users as
to render kneeling out of th(> (juestion because of the quantities
of sali\a }'o]hiting the lh)oi'.

This is certainly no ti'i\ i;d mattei-. Not only is the s}tirit of
onr holy religion opposed to it, but the h-tter as well. Are wo
not \\v\iyx] to "abstain from llcshly lusts that war against the
sou.r'? Are \<v not commanded to "cleanse ourselves from all
filthiness of the (losh and spii'it'' in order to " perfect holiness
in the fcai' of (\od''? Ar(! we \uA ui'ged to "do U!ito others a.s
we would that others would do unto us"? and to avoid in any
way all that is annoying or iiritating. Are we not re([iiired to
practict^ self-denial and to avoid eve-n the lawful if others can
be helped to do better and be lietter by our abstinence? In

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

41

til.' gooltim," ooiniii- for wliidi \vo arc to labor and pmy
" Holiness to the Lord" is to l.e insciilHMl on all (hin-s, and as
no one would over dream of so lalu-iling casks of "liquor or
chests of tobaceo it may l.e tak.-n for o-ranted tl.at those will
I'o unknown. Public conveyances will nofc then bo unlit to
^t.ravel in. Dust will not then bo lite.'ally thrown in one's
eyes, nor will we be comiKdled to inhale the si,H,.k(> we so
much detest fiom tlioso who usc^ it on the street. TIm. poor
weakdungod consuniptive, j.anting for breath, and for whoso
bcnotit tJie room is kept uncomfortab.ly cool, will not hav.. to
say, " Please don't sit between mo and Ih.e window." And the
ho.ise of (,V)d will not have its atmosphere taint..!, its tloc^
discolored ami its furniture disfigured bv this uncleanly habit
but be in truth and reality a place ^vhere men with clean lips
will render acceptable the service.

3. I do not use Tobacco because I l.elievo it would bo I„]„rl
ons to my Health. ''Do thyself no harm" is an apostolic
utterance, and to care for my body is as n.ucli my duty as to
care for my soul. As I do not dain. to speak with authority
on this point, I can only ref,-r you to those who can The
leading physicians of Europe and Anu-rica sneuk in the strong-
est terms cf the evil effects of this drug on the hu.nan oi-^ani/a-
tion, and I could give the names of scores whose opinions
cannot be questioned. Dr. .Alussev, one of tlc> ..reatct
authorities of the day, gives us the results of seven expo^riments
made with the oil of tobacco upon dogs, cats, squirrels an.l
mice. In each case d.'ath was occasional in a Tow minuses l>ut
preceded by the most intense agony. Other animals and I'urds
have been operated upon with similar results, and men have no
reason to believe t hoy can use it without inju.v. Dr. Halo
says: -The smoker cannot escape the poison of Tobacco- it
gets into his blood, trav,.ls the whole .-ound of the system
interferes with the action of the heart and the general circula-
tion, and eifects every organ and fibre of the f.'ame.' Dr. I|
Gibbon says: -Tobacco impairs digestion, poisons the bloodi

42 THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

depresses the vital ])0\vers, causes tlie Hiii1)s to ticni1»](>, aiul
\veakeiis and otherwise disorders the heart." Professor Thwing
says : '' The sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing all suffer from
tlu! benumbing influence of this poison. The evidence is over-
whelming in reference to defective vision. We, like (Germany,
are coming to bo 'a spectacled nation, because a nation of
smokers.' " •

" Tobacco users most look to their eyes," says an American
Medical journal. " Proofs are accumulating that blindness by
atrophy of the optic nerve, induced l)y smoking, is of frequent
occurrence," The testimony of Dr. Dickinson, as given in the
Central Christian Advocate, is equally conclusive. " My obser-
vation of eye dieases, extending through a period of more than
twenty-five years, has convinced me that, besides the pernicious
effects of tobacco in other respects, greatly impaired vision,
and not infrequently blindness has been occasioned by the use
of this narcotic poison. You may deny the statement made.
In the presence of the sun you may close your eyes to the light
and deny that it shines, but this does not alter the fact — it
shines nevertheless. So though denying thesc^ they are never-
theless true." That it disorders the stomach and induces
dyspepsia is beyond question. "Physicians meet with thou-
sands of cases of dyspepsia connected with the use of Tobacco
in some one of its forms." " It weakens the organs of diges-
tion iind as.siiuilation, and at length plunges into all the
accumulated horrors of dyspepsia." " Fi'om the sympathy
subsisting between the olfactories and the nei'ves of the stomach,
the use of snuff has, in some instances, produced dyspepsia."

Cancers are well known to result from smoking, and when
in th(> mouth are sjenorallv traceable to this cause. A Medical
iouinal i>ives the account of one hundred and twentv-seven
cases of cancer in the li|)S. nearly the whole of which had b3eu
occasioned by the use of Tobacco. With the sad history of the
late Cileneral Orant you are, my friend, familiar. He who had
faced death upon the battle-field and laid his country under an

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE. 43

everlasfing debt of gratitude, was conquered, was killed, hy
Toba<?co. From an article in the London rAuicd I take the
following: "As physician to a dispensary iu St. Giles' during
sixteen year-s, I had extensive oiij»ortuniti(>s of oV»serving the
effects of Tol)acco upon tlie health of a large number of hal>it-
ual smokers. The extraordinary fact is this, that leeches were
killed instantly by the l)lood of the smokers so suddeidy that
they dropped off dead iunnediately after they were applied, and
the tieas and bugs, whose bites on the children were as thick as
measles, rarely, if ever, attacked tl;e smoking parent." BJood
poisoning not unfrequently results from this cause, and the
uniform testimony of medical men goes to prove that th^ Tobacco
user is mci-e liable to contract disease, and when contracted, in
gi-eater danger than is the on(> who abstains therefi-om.

"The oil of Tobacco," says another, "approaches nearer than
any other to that most deadly of all ])oisons, prussic acid." Dr.
Jackson's testimony is equally ex].licit. "xVs a physician, I
liave for a Icng time entertained the ojanion that the use' of
Tobacco is far mon^ deleterious in its effects upon the health of
our people than is the use of intoxicating drinks. * -!< *
It is one of tlie most powerful poisons known to man. ■* * *
Where one man gets drunk from ardent spirits so that he is
unfit to fulfil in their best estate the duties which society and
government impose upon him, hundreds of men become incom-
petent to the perfoi-mance of social and public responsibilities
from the use of Tobacco. I know of no sin that for destructive
vigor and ruinous accomplishmeiit can compare with the use of
Tobacco. I am not a fanatic ; I speak the truth in soberness,
and abundant testimony is available."

Moisten a Tobacco leaf and wear it un<ler yeur arm, and you
will soon be unable to use either axe, lian)mer, si.ade, or pen.
And if all this be true, think you is it possible to take it into
the stomach without injury to health ; and if it be true also
that the body as well as the soul is God's property, and it is
my duty to care foi- it, how can I, how daic I do anything that

44 THE TOBACCO NUISA^'CE.

is oalL-uliitcd to iiinr its efricii'iicv, lessen its usefulness, or
sliortf'U its career?

Ihit llO^\'ever serious the efTeets of this liahit ai'o upon the
]»arties ;i(l(lieteil thereto, they i\ru not confmei] to thenisc^lves.
Othei's Kre more or less injured thereby, and more es[>ecia1ly
the wife! aiid uiother, •' It is uudouhtedly tiMie," s;iys ])i-.
King, " tliat sleepiuj^i; v>'itli a person \\ho uses Tol)aeco freely
often has a }irejudii'ial elleet upon on(; who does not. The
poisonous oils of Tohaeco * * * takc;n into the system,
after going the rounds of the circulation, jiass out through th'?
lungs, anj.1, iheiefore, it is ])lain that anyone who sleeps with
such a peison must necessarily he inhaling the |)oison second-
liand all night. This is illusti'atcd in the following instaiu-es :
The young wif(! of a gi'e.i.t smoker grow pale, lost her api)etito,
l»ec;ii'.ie affected w ith }»:ilpitation of tlu* heart, trembling of the
lindis, and a death-iilct^ sinking at the |i)!t of the stomach ; her
sleep was interrupted with stai'tling pains and frightful dreams ;
she hecame nervous v.ith symptoms of hystei'ia. At first her
physician was iK)t aide to account for this medley of distressing
atlections, ])ut at length it occurred to him that they resembled
the effects of Tobacco ; ho communicated his suspicions to the
husband, wdio iuniicdiately throw away the cigar, and had the
satisfaction of soon seeing his wife recover without the aid of
medicine. '" Do you see that portly, jocose man yonder smoking
like a volcano? — smoking don't kill him." The reply was:
*' Look at his w ife, pale, shrivelled, trenndous, sinking into the
grave. So far as health is concerned, she luight about as well
have been wedded to a cask of Tobacco."

But a still sadder phase of the subject is the influence of
Tobacco upon posterity. "If there is one act of criminality,"
says a recent writer, "which nature stamps with especial
abhou'encc and puriishes with more terril)le and relentless
Re\-erity than :dl other-;, it is that of the [larent who, by mar-
ling his own organization and vitiating his own functions,
be<:|ueaths irremediable physical decrepitude." "The parent

THE TOJiACCo XCISAXCE. 45

whose blood and socretion.s arc saturated witli Tol)ncco, and
Avdioso brain and nervous Rvst(Mn are somi narcotizo-l '-v it/nuist
transmit to liis cliild elements of a dist.Muprred lK,dv and mntie
imnd." "We may also take warnini^," says Sir JJ^-njaniin
Brodie, -from the Iiistory of anothei- n*,tion, who, while fol-
lowing the banners of Solyman the ?da-niHeont, were ihv terror
of Chiistondom, but who since tlum have become moro addiel(.d
to Tobacco smoking than anv of th.. Kr.ropr.an nati.^ns, are now
the lazy and IetLa,-ic Tiulcs, lield in conlenipt hv all eivilized
communities.'- Indeed weiv it not that moiiiers".M,e j^oneially
of purer life and bloo.l than fathers, the deplorable uvsuKs to-
olTsi.ring would be ^■astiy o-poater than they are. Quotatir,ns
un-ht he -iv^Mi from many eompetmt (o ].ronoune<^ Avith
authority upon the suhj.rt, but enouirh kes been said to con-
vince a-iyoue willing to be convinced that ih-' practie- is ovil
and ought not to l)e indulged in.

4: I <lo not use Tobacco because I beli.ve ir impairs the Jfr>>-
ful roarers. The Scalpel says : '• Jf tl).re is a vice n,ore pms-
tratmg to the body and uiisid, and more cnicilying to all Ike
sympathies of man's spiritual natui'e, we hnv(>'^yet to ke con
vinced of it." The Dublin T'niversitv Magazine evpres^^es
Itself thus: -The mental power of many a boy u wo;dcen(d
l)y Tobacco smoking. For all reasons it i. d.'si'.-abie tkat our
rising gcu.eratimi .should be abstainers hnm ToI)a< eo." '• it is
ruinous to intellect," .ays Dr. Stephenson, -delHoiiMus lo the
brain and nervous system." A mini.st.T of ripe talents an.l
splendul oratory h^arned. to .moke, t<H,k to drink, raid di(<l in a
luaddmuse, hlas]-heming the very Savioui' he liad pr.vadied. The
jmstor of a Kew Knglan.l clnirch jx^'sisted in the use of Tobacco
tdl delirium set im ^ ^ =:= " Ho 1,ecame an imhecile and
<lK'd a fool." Lunacy in France has kept pace with the inei ease
oi the revenue fron. Tobacco, ::nd what is tnw of i^Van.-e is
true, other things In ing e.jual, of al! other places. And it is
not saying too much that cases come under our own obs.Tva-
tiou wJiidi prove beyond a .shadow of a (had.t that intellectual

40 THE TOBACCO XriSANCl'J.

wrecking lias been largely duo to this habit. Stop, iny friond,
stop and think : ponder well this matter, and resolve to breathe
an atmosphere free fiom the injurious eftects of Tobacco.

f). Again, I cannot, dare; not us(,' Tobacco, because I am fully
convinced the i)ractice tcnls to Iinmomliti/. No doubt many
good men use Tobacco, men whose piety cannot be (luestioned,
men whom we honor for their zeal iii the cause of God, and
whom we very hiijhlv respect for their many excellencies of
head and of heart. This, hov.'cver, no more proves the inno-
cence of the use or practic(> than does the fact that good men
ha\e used and a few continue to us(? intoxicating liipiors.
Good miMi have done and still do many things for which no
good reason can be gnen, but the general character of the doers
is no guarantee that the things done are right and i)roper.
Accept that theory and there is scarcely a crime but nnght be
declared to b(! allowable. 15ecause Abraham prevaricated, it
does not follow that i)revarication is right. ]3ecause Jacob was
guilty of deception, no one will i)retend that deceit is not to bo
comlemned. Angi y words are not to be used even in the defence
of a good cause because the meekest of mortals made use of
them. Joshua and Klijah were among the biavest of the brave,
l)Ut the fact that each on a certain occasion j)layed the craven
is no waii-ant for anyone similarly situated to go and do like-
wise. No one questions Peter's goodness, but he denied his
IMaster before the Pentecost, and conducted himself on one
occasion after that event as to call foith a sharp reproof from
his brother Paul. No, no ! the doing of a thing by a good mau
is no justification of it unless it is good in itself, and only
affords another melancholy proof that " the best of men are
only men at best."

But while it is admitted that men of excellent moral char-
act(>r use the weed, it is none the less true that their moral
s(mse has been in^paired thereby. The perceptive powers are
not capable of cleaily perceiving t\u) difference between right
and wrong, for an appetite lias been established wliose despotic

TifE TOBACCO yulSANCE. 47

infl.uM.co ovoi- llio mind and licart volu'inently urgt-s, and, wo
may say, coinpols tlie und(,'rst;uulin.^' .•ind will to obey its behests,
ilcncc, when the Tul)acco usei' is apiKsiled to to abandon the prac-
tice on the ground of its moral wrongncss, it is difiicnlt to I'each
his conscience throucrh the oj.position oflered by thi.s unnatural
appetite. This will not allow liim to give serious attention
to tlie proofs presented, l»ut will keep it constantly emi)loyed
in con.emi)lating the importance of the gi-atification aflbrded in
soekiig for arguments to defend his conduct, or for evasions
and subtei-fuges from the force of evidence.

On this point the evidence, is clear, strong, and unanswerable,
and that it tends to waken all tlu! moral powers and eventu-
ally to d<>stroy some of them is the opinion of those wlioaro the
most competent to judge. " WJum public attention .shall l>e
fully awakened to this subject," says Dr. McAllister, "innu-
merable instances will be found where drunkenness ].as fol-
lowed as the legitimat.; consefjuenco of using Tobacco.
Sn)okiiig has, by piwlucing dryness and thiist, in many
instances been the sad precur.sin- of tlu; whiskey jug and
I'lMiidy botile, which together ]uiv(^ plunged tlieir unfortunate
victims into tlie lowest depth of wretchedness and woe."' " 1 am
confident," .says Dr. Agnew, "the pernicious effects of Tobacco
are second to none, produced by the cond)ination of all the
hixuries and jwisons by which custom and eifeminacv have
enslaved us, the use of spirituous lifjuors alone excepted.'
'• Smoking and diewing," says Dr. Ihish, - by rendering water
and other simple liquors insipid to the taste, dispose very much
to the stronger stimuUis of ardent spirits; hence the practice of
smoking cigars throughout our country has been followed by
tlie use of brandy and water as a summer drink." And wc; aU
know this to be true. Dook at the idlers on street corners, at
the freciuenters of taverns, at the patrons of vice generally, and
It is safe to say the great majoi-ity are users of tln^ weed, and
from these classes come our criminals who till our i)iisuns
and corrupt our youth.

48 TJIi: TollACro NUI^ANCK

0. Agiiin, Consitiicnc// rt'(jui)'(S that I sliouhl l-io an Mbstuincr
tVoui tilt' use of 'r()l)aceo. U' jjrccejjt is i^'oocl, exauiplo is bottci-;
and i must sco to it that the retort, " Pliysician, heal tliyself,"
does not ap|'ly to nie. It sometimes liappens that temi)eranee
hictuiers :;ro\v wonderfully elot^uent in their denunciation of
the driid-iing usag(;s of society, and liohl up the drunkard to
ridicule, who are themselves slaves to Tobacco, and who cannot
ho persuaded to give it U[). To l)e consistent, if 1 ask you to
abstain I ought to do so myself, and unless I do, 1 discount my
teachings and discourage you. J have never used it myself in
any form v.hatever, I ntsver saw anything in it to admire, and
have never given it any countenance at all ; but if I had, I feel
it would be luy duty to give it u}), if by so doijig 1 could
induce others to do the same. "Never use such language
again," said a Christian father to his son, v.Jioin he had heard
using some wicked words, and kneeling dov.n with him pi'ayed
(lod to foi'givo and help him. That father was a sniuker, and
when, some hour or so after praying with his boy, and telling
him to follow his example, he took our his pipe, and the child,
anxious to regain the luirental l\u or, asked for " a little Tobacco
to do like papa," he saw th'.; inconsistency of his condiict, and
said, as he took the child in his arms, " I have done wrong in
this matter, 1 will ni-ver smoke again." And, suiting the
action to the word, he threw all into the lire, and for the sake
of his innocent litth; ones abandoned its use forever.

My dear friend, is there not among your acquaintances some
one addicted to the use of strong drink whom you would like
to sa\e from ruin? You lia\e s})oken to him about it, have
warned him of his danger, and have assured him of the inter-
est you feel in his welfare'. For some reason your elFoits have
so far failed. He does not improve, indeed, is growing worse
and worse. Has it e\er occurred to you that your efforts have
been neutralized by the fact that you were as great a slave to
the i)ij)e as Le was to the bottle. Peihaps he never told you
so, but beyond a doubt he thought so, and had you known how

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE. 49

ho despise,! you for giving advice, you were not prepared to act
upon, you would Imve hung your lu^a.l for very shame. I have
known many wlio coukl lecture and say very hard things about
" the poor drunkard," whose breath i)roclai.ned tlieni the slaves
of tobacco. No smoker or chewer should insult our intelligence
or outrage our s(miso of propriety by lecturing on tempemnce,
and tlio sooner that tempoance organizations recognize the fact
the better for ail concerned. And if you, n.y f,-iend, liope to
be successful in your efforts on behalf of tlie party above re-
ferred to, you must b(. willing to act on principle, make the
necessary sacrifices, throw away your pipe, cigars, and tobacco,
and, with clean hands and a pure breath, make yo.u- apj^val,
and thus, backed up by example, your chances for success will
be immensely increased.

7. Again, I abstain from the use of Tol>acco on Religious
aroimds. Wliile I set up no standard for others in this mat-
ter, while 1 unchristianize no one for j.ursuing a different course^
and am prepared to make due allowance for the force of liabit
and the influence of surroundings and associations, I am free to
say, with my light on the subject, it would be sinful and wron-
for me to indulge at all. For the money wasted I feel God
would hold ms responsible. To run anv risk of injurinr. my
•x.dy would be pleasing myself where I could have no claim on
the Divine presence and ])rotection. If I lightly regard the
opinions, and even the prejudices, of my best friends? and do
things which displease and grieve them, I violate the require-
ments of Christian courtesy, and act contrary to the example of
that Haviour wlio "pleased not himself." Self-denial is enjoined
upon me in terms too plain to be misunderstood, and the Genu-
ineness of my religion is tested by my willingness to do what-
ever is required. And even if it were lawful for me to smoke
and snuff and chew, and the practice do me personallv no harm
m body or in brain, yet, knowing that others are injured by it;
that It fosters extravagance, waste, and idleness; that it tends
to the creation of an unnatural appetite ; and that multitudes

50 THE ToIJACCo NUISANCE,

began a career of dissiiiatiou \\\\v\\ tliey liegaii to smoke, I can-
not become a party to a })ractice that has so little to be said in
its favor. I must have nothing to do with it.

rerha[>s you wish a " 'I'hus saith the Lord" for what 1 have
said. Allow me to say this is not necessary to a command, nor
a'-Thoushalt not" to a prohibiti<ni. Princijjles rather than
proof texts are to be our guide in regard to vices not known in
Bible times, and by r(>snlts we are to determine the character of
causes. I do not thiid< Jesus would have used tobacco had it
been in Judca in his day as it is in our countiy to-day, nor have
I any reason to suppose that INIoses, David, Klijah, Daniel, or
Paul would. In all that was good in them it is my duty to
imitate, and .so far as i)Ossible seek to reproduce their excel
Icncies in my life and conversation. INly position is an impreg-
nable one ; from it no argumcmts can drive me, and apostolic
l^rccc^pt endor.ses it in the words, "If nu'at make my brother to
offend, 1 will eat no more while the world stands." Multitudes
of good men everywhere take their stand on Paul's platfoini,
and in a s])irit of .self-sacrifice deny themselves in order to bo
helpful to their weaker brethren. INI en of weight and standing
in the various walks of life have lifted their voices and used
their pens against it. The Methodist C^hurch has always op-
posed it. 'Y\\v llefoiiued Presbyterian (^hurch will ordain no
man as nnnister or elder who us(^s it, ami the Christian .senti-
ment of the age is against it. Such te. iiuony with me has
great weight, and when I am in doubt as to the propriety of
any course, I always feel like asking what is the opinion of the
wisest and best of men on the subject.

1 am aware that this is not an infallible test, for the church
has not been right in all her conclusions, nor even good men
always to be Ixdieved. P>ut at least they are entitled to respect-
ful consideration, and ought not to be rejected without i)roor.
In this case the proljabilities are in our favor, the i.roofs an; on
our side, and the conviction grows deeper ar.d stronger day by
day that it is an evil and must be grap[»led with. If it be true

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE. 61

that it lU'ithei- benefits liody noi' liraiii; tliat it rondors me of-
fensive to those with whom I iiiiist meet and min,i,d(> ; that its
tomlencies are not condueivc to sobriety; and that it gives ocoa-
sion to the enemies of my ^lastei- to speak against the puritv of
liis chui-rli and the piety of his peojile : if all this is true, then
tlien' is nothing left me to do but to abstain. And belicviu"
as T do most (irmly, tliat it promotes no man's spirituality, ren-
ders him no help in the l)attle of life with the world, tlie flesli,
and the devil ; furnishes a \vea[)on for the use of the ungodly
wliieh they are only too ready to make use of, and that I can-
not carry it to the tiirone of grace and ask upon it tlie blessing
of my Father and my ( Jod, there is only one consistent course
open to me, and that is entire abstinence; ;ind if such a course
is right and proper for me, it certainlv cannot be wroni; for von.
P(!rhaps you will seek to Justify your use of tin; weed, as
many others have done and still do, l)ecause certain medical
men whose professional standing is liigh, and wliose intluenco in
the commnnity is great, are users of the weed also. I regret
very much indeed that such is the case, l)ut it does not follow
by any moans that their practice is in accord with their opinion.
Ask tlicse men to give you their own \ iews on the subject, and
r venture to say that nine out (jf excry ten who use it will
advise you not to do so. \'arious reasons c;in be given for
tlieir scheming inconsistency. .Some actpiired the habit when
mere boys, an<l it has grown with their gi-owth, and strength-
ened with their strength, until it has obtained the complete
mastei-y over them, or at least they think so. !^ome liavc l)een
recommended to use it for one cause and some for another, and
despite their better judgment they have done as directed. But
as I have never yet met a father who used it himself who
advised his boys to imitate his example, there are few,
it any, }>hysicians to Ix; found to-day among those wlioso
opinions aie entitled to any weight who will advise a young
man to take up this dirty and disagr(>eable practice.

52 THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

Possibly you may point me to tlie Rev. INIr. Blank, who is a
personal friend of mine, a man of unquestioned piety and
undoubted ability, and ask me how T am to account for his
conduct. Has ho not read about this matter, and is he not
competent to reach right conclusions concerning it 1 Is he not
conscientious, is ho not seeking to do good, and \vould he
indulge in any practice that would weaken his influence over
those to whom ho preaches the gospel of Christ? Dees he not
faithfullv warn his hearers to avoid not only evil, but even the
a})pearance of evil, and if the use of Tobacco is what you
represent it to be, can it be possible he would be a l)arty to the
countenancinji such a wrong 1 jNIv dear friend, T cannot Ix-lii've
you are sincere in putting forth such an excuse, for you know
as well as I do that such an argument amounts to nothing.
Practices you admit to be wrong could be defended in this way ;
therefore T hardly think you will press it. T know the geiitle-
man vou refer to, know something of his antecedents, and
know, too, what his own private oi)inions about the practice
are, as well as the opinions of several others who unfortunately
for themselves, as well as for those who may be led astray by
their example, and there is not a man of them who would
reconnnend it as a right and jiropcr course to be pursued by
our youth,

I was delii'hted to hear some time since that vou had con-
nected yourself with the church, and had ]»ublicly announced
yourself a disciph^ of the (!reat Teacher. Having done so^
your i)Osition is one of not only ijigh honor and exalted pri\i-
lege, but also of grav(^ responsibility. Implied in your pro-
fession is a })ledge to "renounce the devil and all his works, the
poin})S and vanities of tin* world, with all covetous desires of
the sanu^, and the carnal desires of the Mesh, so that tho\i wilt
not follow nor be led by them." As far as it Mould be possibh'
for you to do so, you engaged to be a follower or an imitator
of the Haviour, to do what Jfc; would have done or avoid what
Ho would have avoided had He been in your place. All this

THE TOBACCO NUISANCE. 53

you nrc ro,,uirca to ,lo not only by implication, l.ut also by
(■xp.Tss connnanil, and fVoni tl.ese obligations no power on earth
can absolve yon. As already stated, were the Master now with
us, no one supposes JFe would favor the practiee-the mere
I'H'Ht.ou of sucb a tiling awakens strange emotions, and to
assoeiat.. that Xann, with Tobaeco is a something from which
we ...slmetnely recoil -and yet you and others, wlio are sup-
l-scd to lu. se(>king to please Him in all things, and to take
Jinn -MS yonr i.attern, do daily what yon believe He never
would h.tve don... I, therefore, cherish the hope that, lookin-^
at the matter f,-om this standpoint, you will at once do wliat
conscii'ncc ui'ges,

In eonelusion, let nu- urge you to give it up at once and for-
o^<■.•. io do this will be no easy matter, and it will re.iuire no
small an.ount of nerve to enable you to do so. Uattle. a.s
iie.ce as those of Waterloo and .Sedan will luave to be fou-^ht
tur hfe-long habits are not easily laid aside. When a tippl.r
takes the pledge- the struggle begins. The rash word often
nses to the lips of the man who once was a profane swearer.
Lvils too long indulged in have too firm a grip to be thrown off
without earnest eflbrt. This is no exception to the rule, as too
n.any can testify to their cost. Failure after failure lias fol-
owed the resolves of not a few, and after a tcn.porary abstinence
have gone back again to their old ways. George Trask's advice
IS, II Don't tni to give it uj), for trying is not doing, but give it
"p. (.ive It up understandingly. Give it .;p in tlie fear of
God and in tlie strength Jfe imparts. Concentrate the whole
man upon the resoh.., and give it uj) at once and forever and
lu solemn appeal to heaven say, -Live or die I will serve' this
master no longer.- Tlaee an impassable barrier between you
and tins idol, and give it up as you have the dead. Vou cm
comiuer you will c-on.p.er, th,. g,,uv of (;od is all-powe.ful •
^^^^'";' l';'"P ^vdl be giv.n you, and placing the pi,»e beneath
your heel you will be able to rejoice in a perfect freedom

54 THE TOBACCO NUISANCE.

I Inavo tlio matter witli you, asking for it your calm aiul
tliou-htful consideration, and trusting soon to hear that yon
have^cnihvaced tlic principh.'s and joined the ranks of the Anti-
Tobacco Society.

1 am, yours very truly,

Honi:i;T Wilson.

TOBACCO.

BY

MISS LAURA BIGNEY,

Tobacco is so largely produciKl in tlio Kast that an eastern
origin has sometimes been claimed for it; but Ali^ionse do
Candolle, after considerabli; i-eseareh and a thorough studv of
the subject, finds no satisfactory evidence that it was cultivated
or used before the discovery of America.

In the month of NovemlxM-, 1402, when Columbus discovered
the island of Cuba, he sent two sailors to ex[)lore. who, on their
return, ref)orted many curious discoveries, one of which was
that the natives puffed suioke frou) their mouths and noses.
On their return to Europi! they assewted that they '-saw the
naked savages twist large leaves together and smok»i like
devils." The impression the first sight of this hal>it, which is
now so connnon in every city and town, made upon those
civilized Europeans was evidently not a favorable one, as they
compared the smoking Indians to devils. 8ince then little or
no improvement has been made in connection with the use t)f
Tobacco ; men liave simply followed the examjile of those naked
savages whom the discoverers of America saw sntilKng, chewing,
and smoking like " devils." Tobacco-using is a barbarous
piactice in its fullest sense, for the imi)lemerits of its use and
all the different modes of taking it originated wholly with the
barbarians, who roamed like; wild l>easts through the forests of
America. History gives us ir hint as to how the savages
learned the use of this weed.

Tobacco was first brought to England in 1586 by Sir Francis
Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Ralph Lane. Sir John
Hawkins is also credited as having introduced it to that

(55)

56 TOBACCO.

country in 1505. Tlie first European cultivation of Tobacco
took place in Portugal in 1520. It was raised in France in
\u'l, and Catherine de Medici, having acijuired a taste for it,
the i)lant was for a tinu; c;dled lierbo de la reine. Its cultiva-
tion ra])id]y extendcxl to other parts of Europe and to Asia.
However, the world was not conquered by this iternicious vice
without a struggle. In many instances kings and others in
authority })laced every oljstacle in tlie way of its inti'oductioii
and i)ropagation, checking its culture by severe laws, and
iniposing [)enalties upon those; v.ho used the weed. l>y a law
of 1()()0 its production in Kngland was restricted to a verv
snuill (juantity for medicinal purposes; this law still remains
in force. The lirst settk-rs in A^irginia, (inding ready market
for Tobacco in the mother country, engaged in its cidtivation,
but in 1010, when there were only '551 persons in the colony, a
law was passed forbiihling tin; neglect of food crops in its
favor. In Switzerland all users of Tobacco were i)unished as
criminals. In Persia tli*; laws against Tobacco-using weie so
severe that thos«! who were sla\es to the liabit were ol)liged to
ilee to tilt; mountiiins. Pojie Iiniocent XI issued a bull
of excommunication against all who used Tobacco, in Kussia
the laws against Tobacco-using wen; very stringent. The pun-
ishment for the first offence was a severe whi])ping, cutting off
the nose for the second, and loss of life for the third. History
tells us of several persons wliost; noses were amputated in public
for the second offence. However, as the years rolled on, kings
and ruleis tliems(;lvcs became devotees of tlie weed, so their
opposition luis been withdi-awn.

Tobacco is the dried and prepared leaves of nicotiana taba-
cum and other species of incotiana, a genus of the ni<dit-
shade family. Jean Nicot, a l-'rench ambassador to Portugal,
who sent seeds from Lis1x)n to Erance, gav(; his name to the
genus. The conunon name, Tol»acco, it is generally believed,
comes from Tobago, the island where the plant is supposed to
have been first discovered, or Tabacos, the native term in Sauto

TOBACCO. 57

Doniinr^o for tlie tube or pipe tlirougli wliicli tlie smoke was
i)ilialed. It is almost imjiossible to make tlio soil too rich for
this most (■xhaustiiig crop ; and it lias l)C't'ii predicted that (lie
vallov of the Connecticut v,ill be blasted by it, and become as
barren as tho old Tobacco fields of Viri^inia and IMarvland. Its
cultivation and prepai-ation for niai-ket, which include sowing,
transplanting, worming, priming, topping, suckering, cutting,
housing, di-ying, strijiping, handing, conditioning, bulking, and
])r('ssing, r(Hpiiie the closest attention and the most laborious
work.

Amei'ica expoi-ts lai'g(> (piantitics of Tobacco to (ireat Ib'itain,
(Germany, West Indies, South Ameiica, iU'lgium, irolhind,
Poitugal, the Medit^'rrancan, Africa, Australia, China, and
hiilia. It is also largely jiroduccd in scvcM'al of these countries.
The far-famed Shira/ Tobacco, a nati\(( of Pei'sia, is now being
rai.sed along the valley of the ,lordan. and grows hixuriant
n[)on the fertile hills of l.atakia — the ancient l.aodicca — from
which place it is exteiisively exported to vaiious parts of
tlie Levant, I'^ngland, and Fi'ance.

The annual expenditure oji Tobacco in tlu^ United States is
reckoned at J^l'")!), 500,000. The revenue ch'rivcd fioia its im-
l)ortation into(!reat Ih-itain in ISSt! amounted to l'(),2!)S,'.)!;0
sterling. The ([uantity smuggled into tlie kingdom, it is said,
during the same time would, if legitimately handled, have
increased t'le revenue to fully !?()0,000,000.

Startling sums are swallowed \\\) in the yawning gulf of this
injurious luxury. The city of New York is accredited with
pulling away i^L'r),00() daily in cigar and cigarette smoke alone.
Vet this slides into insignificance compared with some European
cities. Handiui'g, it is believed, takes the lead iiniong the
cities of civili;^ation for its consumi)tion of Tobacco. This is
not sti'ange when we consider that from the time (about ITi'O)
when Frederick William 1. started hi ■• Tobacco club until
recently, every school boy in Cei'manv has been early tau<dit to
love Tobacco, and to persist in its use till his dying day.

68 TOBACCO.

An autlioi-ity states that for every $8,000 expended for
bread in New York city $10,000 are spent for Tobacco, whicli
all scientists assert contains no nutritive qualities and passes
into the blood nnchanored. This vile weed costs the people of
America more than is spent for the purposes of education.
Men.'ly tlie cigars consumed in tlie United States cost more
than all the connnon schools and more, some assert, than all
the breadstulfs. Adding to this i\w labor of nearly two
nnllions of men employed in its culture and prei)aration for
use, also the immense quantities of fertile land used for its cul-
ti\ation, one can comi)rehend in some degree the cost of this
most useless habit. Says tlie K y. Times of 1 871 : " The great
griin-growing interests may be thought to Mgurc to poor pui--
pose in the list of foreign ex[ orts whcni it is known that \\v.
smoke up in Spanish cigars the whole export of wheat, and
drink down in Frencli cognac the entire exi)oit of Indian corn."

The \ilo weed is one of tlie chief incentives to the vice,
misery, and wretchedness that afflict our land, and is not only
a co-partner with intoxicants, but the root of intemperance. A
groat man once remaiked that Tobacco was the devil's pillar of
cloud by day and of tire by night, that was leading thousands
of young men and boys away from the Promised Land in-
stead of into it. The youth of America are cursed by no one
thing as much as ])y cigarettes. All over the land childi'Pii are
seen with these miniatun; cigars in their mouths. So many
little fellows think it is one of the most glorious testimoni(>s
and prerogatives of manlio<Hl, and that they are very mueh
advanc(>d towai-ds that exalted condition if they can but smoke
like father. They find it a nauseous and dillicnlt task at first,
and are obliged to stnoke secretly ; but there is a spice of
j-onianee about it to their minds which fires the enuilation, and
tliey resolve to master tlu; dilliculty. The deleterious (lualities
of the (bug may be perceived from the liist attenqtts to sanoke
being followed by giddiness, nausea, and de])ression. The great
increase; of smoking among lu.ys is one of the most alarming

TOBACCO. 59

tendencies of our tinio. Not only do children smoke, but they
chew the poisonous narcotic. A clergyman states that not
long since he was stopped on the street l)y a boy of very
diminutive stature, who said, '* Mister, give me a chew of ter-
backer, will yer?" Also, that he knows of several boys under
five years of ago who cry for Tobacco, one of whom has been
chewing for two years. A few days ago a lady noticed a wliole
family engaged in smoking— -grandparents, parents, children,
even the baby-girl of four summers, who, with a long clay pipe
between what might otherwise have been her cherry lii)s, was
putling away as if she had had the experience of her grandsire
of fourscore. JJoys and young men are naturally imitative and
full of emulation, and are in special danger of contracting' the
pernicious habit. Elderly persons rarely begin to smoke,
because the temptation is not so great, and because the jud'^-
nient is more intelligent and better a))le to control the individual
de})ortment.

Strong men may not be conscious of much haiin arising from
the practice, but they will lind out in the end — they will tind
out in dyspepsia, indigestion, (^pik'psy, apoplexy, in loss of
mental and physical vigor, in accelerated old age— what a daily
dose of narcotic poison has done for them. Eminent {)hysiciariS
declare that the majority of Tobacco-users do die of Tobacco
j)oisoning; that death as surely results from chronic as from
acute poisoning, though the full eiT»'cts may be delayed for
years. A man whose life is shortened three, or six, or a dozen
years by Tobacco-using, is killed by poison as truly as though
he died instantly from the effects of an overdose.

The poisonous nicotine partly contracted in the adult smoker
by the resisting forces of his maturer constitution, takes hold
of the fornnng tissues of the young, and weakening them, takes
the pink flush of health from tlu; cheek, damages the functions
of the body, takes away the healthy ai)petite for plain food,
and creates a very unnatural thirst, which \\\\\ hardly be satis-
fied with anything short of alcoholic drinks.

60 TOBACCO.

Chciuists assert tliat iiicotijio is tlio osscntijil in-incipio of
Tol)acco, and tliat nicotiiK- is a dcailly poison. Tho Dublin
University iMagazino, referring to tlio oi»inion of tlie medical
})rofession and eminent chemists, says: "Ho far there is no
controvei'sy. All are agreed as to the deadly nature of tho
(I'ohacco) plant. There is no dis[)ute as to the jwisonous action
of nicotine." " In a single cigar tlusre is suiiicient nicotine, if
administered pure, to kill two strong men."

Physicians declare that two or thre(! times the amount of
medicine is reciuired to i)roduce the desired effect on a smoker
that would he necessary for a non-smoker, and that the latter
is less liable to contagious diseases and more likely to recover
from sickness or accident than the former. Thoujih not iren-
orally known, it is a fact that delirium tremens may be caused
by indulging excessively in narcotics. The death of that great
soldier, who three years ago was laid away in Blount Mc( Jregor,
lias made known to the public, the fact long known to medical
men, that lip and tongue cancers are caused ])y the use of
Tobacco.

Oculists recognize a form of l^lindness known as Tobacco
amaurosis, which is often attended by actual atrojdiy of the
optic ner\(!S. Smoking frecpiently causes diseases of the car
and deafness. In smoking, especiidly cigarettes, the smoke is
often blown through the nose, and at the sana; time enters tlu;
eustachian tube. Tobacco-smoke is ladesn with minute parti-
cles, which gain access to the middle ear and irritate its liniu"
mendjrane. The continuance of such an irritation cives rise to
a chronic inllammation of tho middle ear. The partial loss of
taste and smell frecjuently observed in habitual smokers, (r
"the characteristic want of sensibility in the mucous mend)rane
of tho throat and nose of smokers who sulfer from chronic
angina, is duo to the beninnbing inlluence of Tobacco," assorts
Annal des iNlaladies de roreiilo.

Tobacco is a poison similar to oj)ium and hasheesh, acknowl-
edged poisons, and makes one smaller in size, feebler in mind,

TOBACCO. 61

and leads to bad habits wliicli ruin body and soul for time and
eternity. The fact that it is a powerful scdati\e accounts for
the boy who uses it bcconiiu'' iiuhjlent — lollinj? about or hanjr-
iug around street-corners wh(>n he should be at work, thus
getting into bad company. •• Evil habits like evil men go in
company." A great Aniorican statesman once remarked, " i
don't say that every sn»oker is a blackguard, but I will give
you a white blackbird for every blackguard you can show me
Avho isn't a suioker."

Chewing is worse, if possible, thon smoking, for it introduces
into the veins a deadly i)oison. Every mouthful of Tobacco-
juice contains a certain (quantity of nicotine, which is a virulent
Itoison. If enough Tobacco could be eaten, death would at
once follow. Fortunately men do not chew Tobacco in suHi-
cient quantities to produce death at once, but it does in time if
used excessively. "Spit a mouthful of Tobacco-juice," says
Dr. Deane, ''into the mouth of some small animal, and it will
die." Tobacco-chewei's may think that they do not swallow the
juice, l)ut they do swallow some, and more than they think.
-Besides, the glands of the mouth absorb more or less of the
juices which touch them, very )HUch as a sjionge absorbs water.
Every drop passes into the blood unchanged, and poisons the
system, weakens other functions, tiius rendering the body liable
to disease, and increasing the likelihood of insanity and prenux-
ture death.

Public opinion, under the progress of scientilic investigation,
is rising in intelligence in regard to this evil. ]n many schools
the chiUlr(;n are taught to abstain from narcotics. Military
and naval academies, also many colleges, prohibit the use of
Tobacco among their students. An article in one of the lead-
ing American reviews on Jiayard Taylor concludes thus:
"Mental labor is not hostile to health and life ; lait 1 am more
than ever convinced that a man who lives l)y his brain is of all
men bound to avoid stimulating his brain. In this climate to
stimulate the brain with alcohol and Tobacco is only a slow kind

62 TOBACCO.

of suicide." *' [ would say to every young man in the United
States, if I could reach him, * If you mean to attain one of the
prizes of your profession, nnd live a cheerful life to the age of
eighty, throw away your dirty old jiipe, put your cigar in the
stove, never buy any more, become an absolute teetotaler, take
your dinner i the middle of the day and rest one in seven.' '
The New York Times, in sjicaking of smoking, says : " One of
the worst effects is the provocation of an ai>[)etite for liquoi',
which, indeed, is not conhned to the young, but which grown-
uj) persons are better able to manage. When boys drink to
excess they are almost in\ariably smokers; and it is very rare
to find a man over fond of s])irits who is not addicted to the
use of Tobacco. Men who want to give up drinking usually
have to give up smoking at the same time, for they say that a
cigar or pipe generally excites a desire for li<|Uor very hard to
control."

Some years ago the German government, becoming anxious
about the (!f)ects of Tobacco on the physiipu^ of the soldier of the
future, undertook to limit this growing evil, and ordered the police
to arrest all boys found smoking under sixteen years of age.
According to i-eports resulting from government investigation,
the non-smokers who attended the polytechnic schools were
decidedly superior in general scholarship and mental vigor.
Though German boys dare not smoke, nearly all (.Ternmn men
smoke. The trouble is, that their prohibition stops too soon,
before the boy's habits for life are formed. If it extended to
later years it would be more effectual.

A scientific congress at Strasburg decided, if possible, to
ascertain the cause of the manv sudden deaths said to arise
from diseases of the heart. Sixty-five cases were made the
subject of a thorough ])ost mortem examination, only two of
which were found to have been caused by heart disease, nine
had been caused by apoplexy, and forty-six by congestion of the
lungs. The article- which reported concluded thus: "The
causes that produce congestion are cold feet, going suddenly

TOBACCO. G3

from a close room into tlie air, especially after speaking, etc.
JUit one of the signal causes for congestion of tlu^ luiigs is tlie
decreased action of t\w lieait l.y the use of Tobacco." Investi-
gation in France, some years ago, traced a whole ti-nin of
nervous dis(>ases to this practice. J Jut we need not go to i\v,\-
mnny or Prance for information.

A nottid physician, ])r. IJeach, .says (American Practice) :
"Tohacco is an actual and virulent i)oison. One drop of the
chemical oil applied to the tongue of a cat productul violent
convulsions and caused death in one minute. A thread drawn
through a wouiul made l.y a needle in an animal killed it in
seven minutes." "Smoking and chewing Tohacco cau.scs the
saliva to be spit out which should be swallowed for the diges-
tion of the food; and so saturate the tongue and mouth with
Tobacco-juice as to vitiate the saliva that remain.s, which in
this poisonous condition finds its way into the stomach, fixing
its deadly grasp upon the organs of vitality, gradually under-
mining the health, and sowing the seeds of disease, which are
suie soonei- or later to take root and s[)ring uj), carrying away
its victim to an untimely giave. The use of Tobacco in many
instances causes indigestion, dyspepsia, ej)ilepsy, apoplexy,
cancer, scrofula, and many ujicomfortablc and alarming symp-
toms."

At a lecent meeting of the Narvcau Medical Society Dr.
Drysdale made some remaiks on the subject, founded on the
observation of about two hundred cases of smoking among out-
patients of the Metrojiolitan Fi-ee Hospital. He stated that
all these cases proved that Tobacco-sn)oking was much opposed
to nutrition, and that it was conseijuently one of the most
injurious hal.its which the human race had in recent times con-
tracted. From his own expeiience he would say that there
were no perfectly healthy i)ersons who smoked.

V>\\ Brown, an eminent ])hysician, says: "The use of
Tol»acco produces a dryness and huskiness of the mouth, thus
creating a thiist which, in many instances, is not satislied with

64

anytliin,i,' sliort of alcoholic drinks. Tn this way is laid the
fouiidiition of dnnikcnncss."

\)y. (Juini, in his Amrrioan Mcdirino, says: " \ regard i\w
use of (his narcotic in !-,niul:inL,', chewing, and snntling as dan-
L'orouH and L'roatlv dostrnctivc to tlu^ constitution, and ohvi-
ouslv injurious in its (^Ifccls on Itody ;ind nund. Is it not a
fact that coiisunicrs transmit to their o(rsi)ring a perverted
appetite, which heeomes more and more intense? Are not the
j.hvsical sins (4" the })arents visited ujion thti ehihiren? Are
not maiiv of the ills and much of the disease liv which we are
:il!li(te(l lh(' ivsidt of nsing 'rohiieci) ? 'rolcieeo is well known
to he a vegetable poison. A few drops of the essential oil will
kill a strong man. The smoking and chewing of it, hy reii(l<'r-
ing water insipid (o the t^ste, disposes very much to the stronger
stimnliis of ardent sjyirits. My candid opinion is, that the ns(!
of Tohacco is the greatest ohsiacle existing co the progress of
tenijierance, and never will this cause triumph, ncNcr will
ah'oholic drinks cease to he used as a hcNcrage until Tohacco
ccMSes to he used as a luxury."

Dr. Pidduck, in the London Lancet, in 1850, says: " Tn no
instance is the sin of the father more strikingly visited upon
the children, than in tlu> sin of Tohacco-smoking ; the enerva-
tion, the hyiH)choiuli'iasis, the liysteria, tin; insanity, the sufler-
ing lives and early deaths of the children of inveterate snu)kers;,
hear ami»le testimony to the feebleness and unsoundn(>ss of the
constitution ti'ansmitted hy this pernicious liahit."

Dr. Willai'd I'ai'ker, of New York city, says: "It is now
many veais sini-e my attention v>as called to the insidious hut
positivclv destru'-tive etlects of Tohacco on the human .^<ystem,
r have seen a great deal of its intluence upon those who use it
and work in it. Cigar ami snulf manufacturers come under
my cai'c in hospitals and in ])ri\ate practice, and such persons
can never recover soon, and in a healthy manner, from cases of
injury and fever. They ar(^ more a])t to dit; in epidemics, and
more prone to apoi)lexy and paralysis. The same is true of
tliose wdio chew or smoke."

TOJJACCO. 63

Dr. .Muiii-oc asserts tliat cvcrv oininciit i)liysiciau and sur-
geon, l..,tli ill l':m'()}.e and Anierira, ulio. (liirin;^ iUv last tliico
hundmi years, has investigated tlic eU'eets of 'I'ohaeeo upon tlie
huinaii system, lias uttered stiong laii^uai^o a-ainst its use.
Sucli ahio authorities as AI.ernethy and Sir Astley Cooper gavo
their verdiet against it. The British Medical .Journal mentions
ii physician of repute who carefully examined thirty-eight hoys
Avhom Ih! observed smoking, and found in all disorders of the
enculation and digestion, in many, serious symptoms of .lipase,
and more or less craving for strong drink.

In the Massachusetts State Jlospiial, in ISI."., there were
eight cases ot insanity produced l.y tin; use of Tol.aee.., and
four cases in the Pennsylvania Ifospilal in K^ll), also [.ro-
diiced hy its use.

-J. ('. Cuiin, .M. I)., says : '• ToUaeco has spoiled and utterly
ruined thousands of hoys; inducing a dangerous precocity,
developing the passions, softening and weakening tin; l.onc'S,
greatly injuring the spinal mairow, the hrains, and the whole
nervous lluid. ^\'ith very few exceptions every drunkard is a
Tol.acco-user, for the hankering of the one generally leads to
the other; and sooner or later, step l.y step, those sthnulaiits
destroy health, j.hysical, moral, and intellectual."

As the result of extended professional experience and ol.ser-
vation, Mrs. Dr. Lo/ier atlirins that tlu; families of those who
use Tobacco are more subject to the class of diseases termed
"nervous" than those of non-usei's; that she recalls a great
lunnber of instances in which the sullering of women and
children from headache and fecjble circulation was attributable
to Tobacco-smoke; that thousands of children are dwarfed
intellectually, morally, and physically, if not killed outiight,
by father, brother, or some friend who i.oisons the air with
nicotine. A lady whose husband imbdged in this luxury
brought into the world several ap].arently healthy children,
which, though tenderly cared for, pined away and died in
infancy, the cause being a mystery to the pliysicians, By and

66 TOBACCO.

liy a baby came lliat livod lon<^er tlian any of the othoi's, and
the parents' hearts beat high with hojie. But soon it began to
drooji, and tlie niotlier, nearly wild with grief, Hed to the seaside
in hope a change of air might restore her darling. The little
one crrew healthy and briuht, so the njother returned to lier
home, when it began to droo}) as before. Again she went to
tlie seaside, when it grew strong and well. Soon after going
homo the child showed alarming sym[»toui;j as formeily, and
the physicians took tin' case in hand. The father liad been
detained at home while the motlier Imd been away with the
bab(! ; and on investigation it was fuund that the nicotine in
the atmosphere of Tobacco ctHuvium which surrounded the
father had caused the child's illness and probably the death of
tlu'ir other children,

Much more evidence could be sun-moned, but other points
must l)e considered.

The use of Tobacco is not only an injurious, but an uncleanly,
unseemly, unnecessary, unjthasant, otfensive practice, ('lean-
liness and Tol)acco can no more be brought together than the
North and South Poles. The smoker is a puldic nuisance, from
which delicate nostrils turn in disgust. His presence is a
repugnance — a vile insult to health and decency, wliether he
is a stylishly dressed fop, genteelly lingering his highly ])erfumed
ciirarette, or one of the more advanced oi'der with his foul-
fumed old pipe, steeped in the quintessence of the vile weed.
*' ludiderence or apathy with regard to the comfort of others,"
savs the London Times, " is one of the most remarkable eifects
of Tobaico. No other drug will produce anytliing like it. The
opium-eater does not comj>el you to eat opium with liim. The
drunkai'd does not compel you to drink. The smoker com-
pels you to smoke ; nay. more, to l>reathe the smoke he has
just di.selun-ged from his mouth." An old gentleman, who
is very fond of music, recently asked a yomig lady to i)lay for
him. Tiiough he .seated himself some distance fron* the piano,
the odor of Tobacco on his breath disturbed the sweet, bahnj^

TOBACCO. fi*

air, and sickoncfl tli(> maiden so that slio thought slio would tall
to tho door. As she was anxious to jilcase the old gentleman,
she i)laye(l a few minutes longer, wl.en, finding herself ahout to
faint, she rose and, holding on to tln! furniture to keej) her
from falling, reaehed the door. That day she could eat nothing,
and for several days the thought of T.))>aeco at ineal-tinie took
away all appetite for food, and made her feel faint and siek. A
lady from the country started foi I Boston to do some shoi*-
})ing. On tho cars a gentleman occupied half the seat with her.
Tart of his tinu- was spent in the smoking car and the rest with
the ladv. When she arrived in JJoston she was sick, and had
to call a physician, who informed her that she had been made
ill l)y Toh.icco. She paid her doctor's 1)111 and went home
without doing her shopping. Other ladies say they cannot go
to Jjoston to do husiness on account of the Tohacco-smoke in
the streets. In fact many ladies a\oid ceitain streets in some
of the towns of our Maiitime Provinces on account of the ever-
])resent fumes of Tobacco. Jt pollutes the very earth and
atmosphere of America. The jiajx^rs recently reported two
cases of serious burning — of a young lady and a child, whose
clothes had been set on fire l)y cigar stubs thrown upon the
sidewalk, adding that the aggravation of tlio case was only
increased l>y retlecting that it could not have been tho smokers
themselves who were burned.

Tile New York Witness says that all use of Tobacco under
tho age of twenty-one shoidd b(; prohibitc^d, and that especially
should til's prohil)ition be enfovced in cas> of all %vho att(Mul
schools or colleges sustained in wdiole or ])art at public exix'use.

Joseph Cook, in (»ne of his '" interludes," remarked : " I
ha\e no patience with the low white's mouth di.sease, which is
tlu! name I give to the haliit of eliewing and expeetoi ;ii ing
Tobacco. I must say that if I liail a dog that had the hal»it of
chewing and exi»ectorating Toli.icco, or even smoking If, here,
there, and everywhere, 1 should shoot him."

fiS TOBACCO.

" l>iit it is si:cli a luxury to sit down of fin oveiiini,' to a (juict
I'ijM'. It so.ithrs the l.rain, and oiio frcls so iiiucli hcttci' after
it,' sMiiic one ii!(;uls. Sonu! say tlioy cannot sU'cj) uuli-ss tlify
Imvc liist drank so niurh liijuor, or eaten so mueli opium,
-Does tliat justify the drunkard or the opium-eater? The
sniokc!- puts his I.ody in an uiinatui'al state, and wlien lie is
tired le.st will not eonie \>y icslin;,', so lie ;,fets it as the one who
uses opium, l.y iniu^in^' his l»oi!y. '{'he man who never smokes
is h'ss tireil, and can read, and sp<-ak, and write liclter in the
e\cnin-- than if he snK.keik No doul.t there is a eei tain kind
of eoai-s(; ph'asurr in sniokim,'— hut is it ,i,'ood f(jr one '.' Whv
e.tnnot a man, liki- his hard wtakin-' w ifr, eniov a (luiet excnin"
V ithoiit a pi]K; J

Smokers are stilish. Thoe^h they know tliat they are
annoyin,i< people tliey wdl indulire, .generally he^^^dnnin;^' to
smoke any wlu-re, no matter how otii.'i- pcoplo feci. Sometimes,
it is true, they are thou'^htfnl enoii:,di to ask if one has any
ol.jeetions, fully expeetini;- the answer, " Non(^ whatever,"
thou;.'h they know one lias oKJcrtions hut docs not care to l)e so
impolite as to say so. In this way many, who have not
courage to stand out ayainst I Ins e\il, are made to sin, to tell
falsehoods.

Smoking' l)rutali/,es tlie feelings, destroys good desires, self
)'(>speet, common drecney, t<'nderness, and kindness, Somo
time ago, while visiting at the elegant home of a lady now-
deceased, her young husl.and came into the room and, asking to
he excused, threw himself on a sofa and lit a cigar, " Do
stop smoking, Charlie,' j.leaded the poor wife, "the smoke
makes me cough.' The lady had consumption, and a violent
fit of couidiing would l»ring on a fatal luMnorrhage ; hut the
young man, who loved his wife, and is regarded as [doasant and
kinddirartfd, kept on smoking, notwithstanding the invalid's
repeated rripie^ts and j.rotests. Ili' was aware of tlit; dangerous
condition of his wife's health, but could not understand how
cigar-bmoke, which was so pleasing, could be so offensive to

TOBACCO. 69

anothor. Ho liad cjrown up in tho filtliy bal»it of sjiittinpf and
hlowini,' smoke in tlu^ faces of all near liiiii. ladies included, and
Ic did not seeir. to comprelicnd that it was altogether unht'-
coming to anyone pretending to K-indncss of h(\u't and good
maimers. Had his wife, on Ids daily letmn from ])usiness, put
lier mouth up to Ijo kissed with the staiiu; of Tohacco- juice on
her Hi)S, and a (piid tucked aw.iy in her cheek, lie would have
tiu'iiod away from Ik r with uniittci-uhle disL'Ust ; and vet
women are com[»elled to sul>itiit to these alioniiiudilc, loathsome
things without murmuring.

The smoke of a cigar is stifling, and the jiortls of nasty
Tohacco juice, which a smokier lca\'es at iutei \;lI.s in his \Md;e. aiu;
anytliing Itut pleasant to hjok at, to siiy nothing of !ia\ing to
wad<> thi'oiigh, or sweep a dress over them. On trains, in street
<-ai's, in puhlic halls, and even in ehurclies, the same niii.-.anee
ahounds, for no place is too sacred for its unclean ]ire^cnee.
Oft(!n when we see those .sallow, diied up looking, s!eep\',
watery-eyed slaves led out hy their maNtei's (dirty pipes or
cigai-s) into a car provided for them apart Irom the resix'ctahlo
company of refine<l ladies and geiitlemen, we cannot help think
ing that it would lie a good thing fer humanity if they were
treated like lepers ami l)anished for life.

I'hen look at the money sj)ent for this indecent, filthy, dis-
gusting, degrading, injurious, and, therefore, wicked i)iaetice.
"Stiong language,"' you say. Would that it were stronger, for
no language is strong enough to set foith this noxious hal»it.
Look- at the expense I l-'ive cigars a day, w liidi is a molei'ate
nundter foi- an hahitual smoker, would amount to s'.il in a
year, if the poorest cigars, ;he fivecent ones, he used. If tho
ten cent ones h(! used, nearly 8-00 \anish in smoke in (iftv-two
weeks. If t wenty-fivecent lla\anasi>e indulged in. .^' !.-).'» are
annually spen.t for this luxury. 'I'he man who has used even
tlie cheapest kind dui'ing the p;ist twenty years has pulled
away in Tohacco-smoke a handsonu^ residenc(^ and s{»aeious
grounds, while he and his family are, perliaps, li\ ing in small.

70 TOBACCO.

close rooms on tlio tliiitl Hat of a tenement. Only tliink of the
people of the Tiiitetl States spending over s2r)0,0()0,0()0
annually for eigais and Tuhaceo in oth(H' forms. Thf-n add to
this (he waste of tinu;, ]\[any men confess that they s[)end
three or four hours daily (hawing- smok<> into their mouths and
j)iiHinL,' it out again. IFo-niueh it i-osts to demoralize men
tlirough this single drug, thus tilling poor-houses, prisons, work-
houses, lunatic asylums, hospitals, and graveyards, and hur-
dt'uing industrious, non-smoking, tem])ei'ate men with unjust
taxatiim. According to l>i'. Coles, the American Church
annually exjnuuls 8-">, 000,000 for Tuhacco and less than
!^1, 000,000 for the conversion of the world. If tin; money that
is spent in polluting (-'od's atmosphere with tlu^ stench of
otlering to tho god of a self fcii'ined, depi-aved appt>tite, were
given to the Christian churches, how soon would the world he
(luoded with the light of the glorious gos})i'l of the Son of Cod.
Is it wise or Christ-like to give support to a I'Ustom which so
poweifully countei-aets our eHorts and ahsorhs to so great an
extent the means which we so greatly need to cvangeli/.e the
world \ How wouhl the Holy J(>sus or the beloved disci])le
have looked chewing (piids of Tohacco or smoking I Could
('hristians he brought to see it to be their duty to gi\e up
using this ]>oison, and to work for its banishment, because of
])ersonal injury, because of injury to their children, because the
law of charity to those who a)'e not so lirm ol' nerve or so icso"
lute of ptu'pose demands that we should abstain from whatever
jeoji;u(li/es souls and surely it is not necessary to stop hereto
prove that the intemjieianee which S[)rings from its use is daily
leading thousands down to the chand)ers of dt'ath — how soon
would the miglity ri\('i' of inteiujx'rance b(> ;it a low ebb ' A
gentleman in the fertile \ alley of tlu^ (Connecticut recently
refused to rent his firm because he understooil Tobacco was to
be i'ais( (( on it an instance of moral (courage to be extolled.

'I'he Anti-Tobacco Association lias set in motion an inllueuce
that in time must Ix^ felt in CM'rv home. The man who ridi-

TollACCo. 71

c'ul(!S tli<^ " faliiicies " and "follies" of llic movemont must
include in liis sneor sonio of i\w Ix'st intellects and f,'reat('st men
of this and former ages. Sir [saac Newton, wlien asked to
smok(!, said : " I will make no n(iccssities to myself." IMio
groat P^dvvard (.'. Delevan, in a letter to tlio members of Con-
gress, says: "Prohibition of the sale of intoxicating drink, as
a beverage, as also of Toljacco, would, in my opinion, not oidy
1)C humane, Imt the true policy of governments."

As the article is emphatically thrown down, we think we
can bear the exclamations, " Fanatic I" " Enthusiast !" " lm[)os-
sible I " " ]\ren would never listen to such a preposterous pro-
])0sal !" • "As well try to stop the thunderings of tlie miglity
Niagara." Not so fast, good brother! How was the Hrst
lieiorm 15111 treated, how tlu; bill for the repeal of tht; Corn
Law, and that for the abolition of slavery? 'I'hey said it was
exceedingly dangerous to free tlu; slave, for he would deluge;
th(; West Indies- with blood. Lai'''e sums would Jiave to
bo paid to tin; master. Scripture was used to support
slavery. It was im})ious to denounce slavery, for Moses
legalized it, and Paul sent a fugitive sla\(! back to Phile-
mon. For a score of yeai's W'illierfoicc; fought against this
ti'allic in human blood, and the result is well knowu. W'v
boast of our grand glorious ag(> of ])urity of morals and religion,
and smile at the vagaries, eccentricities, and absurdities, or ai-e
horrified at the hollowness, ignorance, superstition, and gigantic
wrongs which loom darkly out of the past. But are we
perfect ] "

"0, wad some power the giftie gi'e us
To sec nursol'.s as ither.s sec ns,
It w;itl frae nmny a Miuidcr free us,
An' foolish notion."

H;is not our age defects? 'riiough nioi'e )irogr(^s ha> breii
unide during the past one hundred years than in the preceding
one tliousand, ai'o we not yet very imperfectly ci\ili/ed1
Another age will lest the value of this. The present lias

:•_> TOBACCO.

.sprung from tlie jmst, and \\\\\ develop l!ie future. Of wlnit
us(! Anieriea, with its population of 70,000,000, lias becni
to the world will Ito a (piestion for the future to sc.'ttlo. All
Ie,i,nslation looks to future good as well ns to present well-being.
We oidy ask statesmen to look carefully :it the facts, and do
what men should to arrest :in e\i] now ;;ssunn'ng proportit)ns so
vast that if not cheeked will iu time sink ours as low as tho
most degraded nations of the e!\ilh.

Canon Farrar recently icmaiked (h:it a national sin was a
national jieril, fur he knew of nf) single instance in all history,
from its heginning, of any nation, conscious of its \ice, cling-
ing to its \ice, refusing to gi\(' \\\> its Aii-e, which had not in
the end perished of its vice, and this luxury is surely a national
sin.

'rhi> only leiiislative remedy i'or theexil is a law iM'ohihiting,
not oidy the sale, l)ul the cultivation of Tobacco. It is nuich
(easier to suppress an e\il than to regulate it, for regulation
does not regulate, Itul prohilMtion does prohibit.

Of course thert' are many sophistical arguments against the
right of prohiltiting Tobacco, simply liecaust? it will (lejtiivc!
man\ of a luxury and of an article on which a large profit is
made, for no article of trade, excepting intoxicating drink,
produces so laigt' a percentage of [)rotit as Tol)acco. Many, in
\ic,w of the atlmitted wrongs to individuals, and the burdens
and taxes upon the [lublic, will say that lo l)anish it will be to
banish i>eisonal Ijlierty. Now, liberty is detiuedas "the iiower
of doing whate\cr is not injurious to others; tho exercise of
our natural i-i<;hts, bounded oidy by the rights which assure to
others the enjoyment of their rights,' not the power to act
upon your own piCr.soiial convictions ^vitllout considering
the case and looking at it in its dill'erent [diascs. (Jan you
look uua[ipalled on tin- thousands of immortal beings that
it is daily hurrying to jierdition, on tlu! blighted, stunted people
of tho future with an intense hr-reditary crave, on the suliering
of the women, on the %vrongs and anguish of the children.

Ton Arm. 7.1

Only LjliiiK'c over the uvor-wi.leiiiuij: aiva of inisory and dosola-
tion ! Arc stioiiLjcr reasons needed for the al»andonnient of

t lie \v(M'd ?

]»arents, if yon are not inrjared to ehange your mode of life,
V«)U can warn your eliil<len of their dani^'er, and encourage them
to act, the jKirt of safety. We would urge you, iiowever, to
make a desperate etlorl to put a l.attleuient (Deut. xxii, 8)
around your conduct lest some of the children shoidd fall over

into hell.

To the lahoring classes, who, it is estimated, annually expend
half the money that is spent for Tobacco, we woidd earnestly
appeal, and entreat you no longer to harter your nu-ans of hap-
])iuess, and to refrain froui fostering this great canker-worm on
j'our rhildien. It is a low, tlegi'ading, short-lived gratitication,
"the tilth that borders drunkenness," which at last hiteth like
a serpent and slingetli like an adder.

('an we, as a Christian i)eople, he so stupid in apathy a.'? to
ennni\e at this sin. it .seems litth' .short of heatlu'uish to say
thai Tobacco is not good, but we like it ; it is not good,
but large fortunes are made by it; it is not good, but an
immen.se r(>venne is derived therefrom. No uiatter what appe
tite craves it, oi' how large a fortune or rexenue comes from it,
it is the means of unich good or much evil. The trallic is right
or wrong. "If the Lord be Uod, follow Jlim; Imt if liaal l)e
Ciod, then follow him." One thing is certain, we cannot serve
( Jod !ind ^Fammon.

Prohil)ition of Toliacco is ceitainly needed, and tiu' Christian
CInnch should not accpiiesce or despair, but agitat(> this pro-
hibition and work for it, for the boys can be saved from this
degrading slaveiy and TAidiiT to use their inlluonce aright,
and TiiKV WILL have this evil banished when they stand at the

helm.

Do not thiidc the subject is exhausted, for it is not. It is so
large that it is impo.ssibh> to do justice to it in an essay ; it is
impossible to bring to view its many hidden evils. We are

TOBACCO.

like cliiMroii waiulcriiif,' !iloii<( tlio slioro, aUlc to soo only a very
sMiiill |»oitiuii of the vast oi;can, and iiick up a f«.'\v pcItMi's and
sltrlls ; we cannot sco or toncli wliat is Ix-yond or iMuioatli.

Oil : for ono stron*,' man wlio is not afraid to fl<,dit the fii^dit
of the |M'o|.l«' in tlio light with (heir hcsctting sin — who, lik-f
liUtlM-r, is not afraid to strik<' the match and light np the
Jicforniation lioforo ho has the majorily of the monks.