IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Mm 2.5 22 12.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" - ► v] <^ /2 °m a VI ($> #■ ^;. '/ z;^ Photographic Sciences Corporation «■ # f^ N> 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^:.- iJf'* «r : '•SQttr^: THE OF FRDIT CMRE. CONTAINING PLAIN AND PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING, &ROWING AND MARKETING FRniT. FOLLOWED BV A LLST OF HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND VINES FOR HOME ADORNMENT, PARKS AND STREETS, BY AUGUSTE DUPUIS, Conrs)}0)idinii Sficretarij Covnti/ L Isht HorlicuUurnl Soriely, ST. Roini Di-:s ailnaiks, , Pkovinck or QirKiiKC «v^"»«**»..y'\.-' ■;>, - QUEBEC: PrINTKD at the " MORNINIJ ClIROXICLE " OFFICE. 1)^80. y4fiX^'Z Y^ ,w^ i-y --Tif-. . ;i., '-•^•mm w^ JD 929 ^. V • #^ ■ir THE PROFITS OF FRUIT iLTDRE. CONTAINING PLAIN AND PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTING, CtROWING AND MARKETING FRUIT, FOLLOWED BY A LIST OF HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREl-IS AND VINES FOR HOME ADORNMENT, PARKS AND STREETS, BY AUGUSTE DUPUIS, Corvrspoudinij S'.viv/i/r//. 'C. all who ng busi- • success 3 well as IT PURK • grapes, set them lits they ve plants earn the c, your II lind a discard |ill surely ,T FIRST, If your W among [potatoes, new lave the person, lloss that le, it is of to get it stake, t that they can' tell one sort from another at a glance. "Wo know of a prominent nurseryman, who is known to be a reliable man and who stands A-ery high in the horticultural world, that has sold a large quantity of " Wilson's Albany " in with his stock. These plants w^ere obtained from two or three parties whom he believed to be and are honest men. We have seen these plants in fruit that were from the same beds, and found fully two-thirds of them spurious, worthless sorts. Now these men had bought them from another par- ty in good faith /o,* Wif son's, and not being judges of that variety, sold the fruit and plants for such. STRAWBERRIES. Firsit of the Small Fruit, in the month of June, comes Hie beautilul, wholesome and appetizing Strawberry. The protits which may result from its cultivation, when proper- ly conducted, are enough to satisfy the highest expectations. On a sandy gravelly loam, the well-known author of the "Fruit Garden," Mr. P. Barry, of Rochester, planted Wilson's Albany, and picked at the rate of almost 300 bushels per acre, averaging about ouo thousand dollars. This is enor- mous, but shows what can be done undtir favorable cir- (;umstances. Mr. Adam Waters, of Quebec, paid in 1880, $750 for strawberries grown on one single acre. CoLONKTi TvfioDKS, Quebec, writes, 1st .January, 1877 : — " 1 have been cultivating the strawi)erry for some years, s..lling on an avvnage about live thousand quarts per an- num, which lU'ts us over twenty cents a quart. Wegener- ully sell i\t 'lr\ cents the quart, on account of the Quebec market being overstocked early in the season with the refuse iVuit Irom Rochester, and the local wild fruit." HAVE STRAWBERRIES CEASED TO BE PROFITABLE ? A. M. PURDY ANSWERS : We havo read many articles, and had the question often asked us, "Have strawberries ceased to be proKtable ? Will they pay at eight cents per quart Y To the first, we answer most emphatically, no ; to the last, yes. In taking this position, we do not wish to be understood as writing •)f- -.^iif'* I ! 1 1 ! 1 ^1 hi tl 1 14 Irorn a staiid-poiut where laud is worth $500 to $1,000 per acre (and badly " run " at that), manure at two dollars per cord, and other thinsfs in proportion ; but rather on land near any of our vilages, that can be bought ibr $80 to $150 per acre, manure from swamp muck, leaf mould, leached ushes, sods from the roadsides and from the villages, to be had for almost the drawing. Still, we wi^h to be under- stood that strawberries can be grown on the firs named ground at even six cents per quart, and pay better than the best crop of potatoes to be found about such cities, And if this is so, one can see at a glance how profitable Ihey will prove on rich virgin soil, or, in fact, on any soil that will grow good corn or potatoes ; such soil requiring but little, if any manure, providing the plants are thoroughly worked and well mulched. Some of the most successful cultivators claim that they can raise large and fine crops and vines on poor soil, if it is only kept well worked and mulched, thus showing that it need not necessarily follow that strav/- berries cannot be made profitable because land is poor. We admit that if strawberries are grown on the " slip- shod " plan, they will not really prove profitable. Cannot the same be said of any crop, especially if grown on very high priced land ? We claim that we can get a far better crop of fruit from strawberry plants than from pig-weeds, rkink-weeds, and the like, and the more the ground is occu- pied by the first, and the less by the last, the better the crop, and vice versa. We cannot " gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles." One very important fact to be taken into consideration is that it costs no more to grow good and pure varieties than inferior and mixed up sorts; and second, that it costs no more (except in the original plants) to cultivate a row that has been thickly set with plants, than one where the plants were set too far apart — the consequence being that the first form perfect rows, with the ground fully occupied, with no vacancies, while the last are very imperfect and the ground not half occupied — the crop on the first being double to triple of the last. We have found how true this latter fact is from bitter ex- perience. We have had rows sixteen rods Ibng that had been set thickly, plants ten to twelve inches apart in the row, and as these run they formed fine wide matted rows all through, with no vacancies, and yielded through the seasou three to four bushels of fruit, while other rows near 15 ,000 per liars per on land ) to $150 leaohed •es, to be ►e under- , named than the . And if hey will will grow tie, if any rked and ultivators and vines mulched, lat strav/- poor. the "slip- . Cannot II on very far better pig'Weeth. id is occu- better the of thorns, isideration 3 varieties lat it costs rate a row where the ng that occupied, irfect and irst being bitter ex- that had [art in the Itted rows Irough the Irows uear them, that were set late in the Spring, or on now sod ground and that died out badly, leaving long vacancies, yielded but half a bushel to a bushel of fruit, or really only about one fourth as much — both costing the same to pre- pare the ground, cultivation and labor, the same tax and interest on land, and the same, if not more, work in mulch- ing and mulching material. It is right here that many make a failure in the business. They set any way almost, and very Irvte in the season, and then if plants die out badly and the rows are full of A*acancies, they get a small crop, and the cry is heard, •' It don't pay.'' Another important point is to SET OUT THE LARG-EST AND FINEST SORTS, even if they do not yield over half to two-thirds of the smaller kind. Such varieties as Sharpless, Triomphe de Gandy and Jucunda, always command the highest prices, and if there is a glut in the market, such will always sell at payiag rates. Let us illustrate this more clearly by a few ligures, taking the average prices in New^ York market on the Wilson's Albany and the largest sorts, and an average crop on a w^ell kept acre. We got 100 bushels of Wilson's, which sell in New^ York at \2\ cents per quart, $4 per bushel, amounting to $400. Deduct picking, 1^ cents per quart, |48 ; commission 10 per cent., $40 ; express charges, 80 cents per bushel, $80 ; loss and wear and tear of crates and baskets one season to ship 100 bushels that distance, $25, and we have an aggregate of $193. Now take an average crop of the larger sorts named — 60 bushels, and the average price in New York the past season, 25 cents per quart, or $8 per bushel, and we have $480. Deduct picking, 1 1 cents per quart, $38.40; commission. 10 per cent., $48 ; express charges, 60 cents per bushel, $48 ; loss and wear and tear of crates and baskets, 3-5 of the above $25 — $15 — and w^e have an aggregate of $14940. Now deduct the iirst figures $198, from $400, and we have $207 ; and the last, $149.40, from $480, and w^e have $380.60— thus shewing what is gained by growing the larger sorts for such a market. We would say, however, that there will not be this diflference in prices in the smaller towns, and that near such, the Wilson's pay much the best, as the consumer cares less for the appearance and more for the reality. Then again, there are times in the large cities ■zM'^'^m'''^-- 10 when the smaller fruits hav<» scarcely jihv sale, while the larger bring good paying prices, and when such is the case, the first hardly pay expense of shipping, picking and com- mission, while the last return good prolits. It will be seen we have not figured in the cost ol' phmts, raising and culti- vation, or interest or taxes on land, &c., as these would be the same in raising both Ihe small and large sorts Now, these same prices hold as good on thi' raspberry, in com- ])arison to the large or lirmer sorts, and the smaller or soft- er kinds, and also with all other fruit ; therefore, it is advis- able, if one intends to rely on such large cities for shipping most of our fruits, to plant out largely of the farfi^est, /inest appearing varieties, and give them the best culture, and their prolits will be large, while those sending in the smaller sorts will hardly pay expenses. We could nil this little book with facts that have come under our notice, of persons in a/I parts of tht country that have been successful, and made enormous sums of money from their strawberries — even in markets where the price was very low ; the secret being that they grew the best varieties and larle goods ; will he make it pay ? All that is necessary to make strawberries profitable, is to have your soil in good order, well manured, deeply ploughed, well harrowed, plants well and thickly set in the row, and of pure, unmixed sorts. Then keep the ground well stirred with the cultivator and hoe, no matter whether they are weeds or not, (and, by the way, we believe it is well for us that weeds do grow, for in working the soil to eradicate them we keep it mellow and pulverized, so that plants are not destroyed by the drouth), and last, but not least, ship them in clean, neat baskets or boxes, and our word for it, you will find them profitable at even six cents per quart, it' Bold near home, or eight cents if sold at a distance — far It ile th«» 10 case, d com- be seen d culti- )uld be Now, n coin- or sol't- is advis- hippinii" •St,, jinesl ure, and ill the t'e come iitry that f money he price the best nd. We Lii do. Lvv berries iny other re or in- a mer- them to he b^ing Will he Irodigious Insaleable ible, is to )loughed, [row, and \ell stirred they are rell for us 1 eradicate >laiits are 'ast, ship ird ibr it, )er quart, lance — i'ar more so thaii the best crop of potatoes that can be grown at the hisrhest rates. " Take an interest in the business, hate weeds, be up with the lark, and free with elbow greese," is our motto. Plant in May, September, October, on good ground, deeply worked and well manured. Vegetable manure (mucK, rotted turf, wood soil, ushes, etc.), is best. Bone dust is excellent. RA8PBERRIE8. This fruit comes just after Strawberries, and when pro- perly cultivated is quite profitable. Mr. H. White, of Water- loo, N. Y., says that he has an acre and a half of Seneca Black Caps, and has sold 3,500 quarts, none less than ten cents, and since the 31st of July, at 12 cents. Rev. H. H. Doolittle, of Oaks Corners, N. Y., a veteran in Raspberry culture, says that he averages 2,000 quarts to the acre, and no ordinary farm crops equal his profits, even when the price of Raspberries is the lowest. Messrs. Purdy & John- son, who are devoted to small fruit culture, say : "Raspber- ries have also paid us well ; the Doolittle, Miami, Seneca, Davidson's Thornless, and Golden Cap, yielding at the rate of sixty to seventj-five bushels per acre, while the Mammoth Cluster produces one hundred bushels to the acre. The fruit has averaged us 10 cents per quart, delivered at Palmyra. Mr. Jas. Brown, of Montreal, writes : — " We believe no kind of fruit will yield a more prolific or better paying crop than the raspberry, especially in Canada, its being subject to so few enemies in the shape of insects or grub, and, after ten years' experience, the plants have never once been winter-kuled with us." ^ CIRRANTS. This fruit comes partly with the Raspberry, but follows it for several weeks. Indeed, none of the small fruit will remain so long upon the bushes without injury as the Cur- rant, and since the introduction of the newer varieties, and the easy methoJ.s of destroying the currant worm by the 3 !i i i II use of powdered white Hellebore (Veratrum Album), the Currant Ik attractinor more notice than ever before. If re- muneration be the object with iruit growers, we certainly have it here. From recent minuter of the Geneva Horti- cultural Society, it appears that Rev. Dr. Cannon, of Geneva, from one-sixteenth of an acre, sold fifteen bushels besides what he appropriated for family use. Dr. Merrell thought that five tons, or 250 bushels per acre, would not be too large an estimate of Dr. Gannon's yield. The l^resident of the Society, Mr. J. B. Jones, btated that a friend of his in Ulster county, had realized half a ton from an eighth of an apre, with bushes 3J to 4 feet apart, a ratio of four tons or 2u0 bushels per acre. Dr. Can on received from ^4 to $5 per bushel, and they have brought much higher prices iu New York market. But taking the lowest of the above estimates in quantity and price, and we get $800 per acre, a statement which may appear extravagant to those unac- quainted with the new varietie-s — " Versaillaises " and " Cherry," so very large and profitable. Mr. John Archbold, of Montreal, cultivated the Currant extensively for 45 years, and with great prolit, (as well as the Gooseberry). ^^^ <;oosebi:krv. This is one of the most profitable of fruits, bringing 60c. per gallon, and easily jncked. Of the American Seedlings, Houghton llourishcs every- where, and bears enormous crops of a fine flavored but small berry, proof against mildew (there are instances known of its having mildewed, but these are indeed rare). One cultivator, at Ottawa, planting 4 ft. apart each way (2,500 to the acre) and selling at 60c, per gal , realized at the rate of $1,000 per acre. Hakdy AnERHAX Gkapes WW Teaks. The reports from different parts of the Province on the profits of Grape culture are so contradictory and so specu- lative, that I cannot induce my readers to make large in- vestments in the culture of this delicious fruit. The same may be said of Pear culture, j^ They both may be cultivated, but on a very small scale. in i), the If re- rtainly Horti- Jeiieva, besides hought be too ident of f his ill th of ail tons or |4 to $5 ^nicos ill le above per acre, ,se uudc- es " and 5 Currant ^•ell as the mflTS ON TRANSPLANTING, &c. lijing 60c. les ev»^ry- rored but instances deed rare), each way ealized at jnce on the Id so specu- iQ large in- The same small scale. I cannot attempt to give complete directions on all points connected with Tree Planting, but simply a few hints on the more important operations, lilvery man who purchases a hill of Trees, should i)ut himself in possession of '• The Fruit Garden," or some other treatise on Tree Culture, that will furnish him with full and reliable instructions on the routine of management. Transplanting is to be consi- dered under the following heads : . 1st. THE PRKPARATION OF THE SOIL.— For Fruit Trees the soil should be huin stalks If these are not to be had, loell rotted tan bark, saw-dust, or planing--mill shavings will answer. If the latti>r could be thrown in heaps, and a little lime scattered through it, and remain thus lor a few months before using, it makes one of the best mvilching materials. Many parties have tried, with good results, the practice of sowing oats among their vines, late enough in the Sum- mer (say Jaly) to prevent them from ripening These fall down through the Winter, and make a line mulch, evenly distributed over the entire surface. There is no part of the cultivation of Small Fruit that pays better than mulching the vines, for by so doing they will yield fully double the crop, and double the size fruit, besides acting as a ; WINTER PROTECTION. This has become a necessary practice with those who are having the best success in growing Small Fruit. Any of the above material scattered thinly over the surface, late in the Fall, or early winter, will prevent the ground from " heaving," which is the ruination of many strawberry plantations that are almost perfection in the Fall. Let it be remembered, that the germ of the fruit-buds are formed in the Fall, and consequently, if plants are disturbed by lOUS 2,720 1,742 1,200 680 430 325 200 135 110 70 50 >ie is clean 1 stalks, or e had, well ivings will ;aps, and a IS tor few st mulchin the practice in the 8uni- These fall iilch, evenly I "Fruit that doing they e si/e i'rviit, those who Fruit. A"y surface, late jrround from J strawberry ,, Fall. L^^t It Ids are formed disturbed by the action of the frost, the bud must be proportionally damaged ; therefore the great importance of preventing this 'heaving" of the soil. To do this, mdlfn freezings and thawings of the surface must be guarded against and prevented. This is easily accomplished by merely scatter- inii' enouirh mulching over the surface to shade it." After Spring opens, it is a good plan to pass over the plantation and loosen up this mulching, especially if it be coarso. heavy material, so as to allow a free circulation of air to the soil ; for we have become satisfied that soil is "soured" by allowing such to lay bound close to the sur- face, and the plantation damaged by such causes. Herein is the trouble why many propagators denounce sorghum biigassa. If they would stir it up after Spring opens, and draw it away from over the crowns of the plants, they wcr.ld lind it one of the best materials for mulching. MARKETING FRUIT. "A little jnactice is the best teacher." It is almost im- possible to give minute instructions on this subject. A visit to the market and dealer you intend to ship to will give you a better insight into the details of shipping, sell- ing, &;c., than can be learned from all the books in the land. The question of supply and demand must 1 j looked into. If the home market is small and your planta- tion large, you must acquaint yourself with a large mar- ket to ship to. If the large market is likely to be supplied with a larue ([uantity of inferior "last run" fruit from a point i'urther South, endeavor to make arrangements to ship your fiuit to a market further North. Ship clean, evenly ripened fruit, in clean, neat looking l)askets or boxes, with your name on each box and case, and no trou]>le need be apprehended but what your fruit will sell for paying prices, even if the market is largely supplied. Send each day by mail invoice of shipment, and require prompt returns and reports from the consignor. Do not pick the fruit when wet by dew or rain, unless it is positively necessary, from frecjuent showers, to prevent too many ripening up. Take Irom the iield to market or cars in a spring wagon, and have them handled careluUy and kept '• right side up." ; W if i iil III 24 GATHERING THE FRUIT. We usually employ women, and large boys and girls — the former, hovsun'er, preferred. Each takes a row, and picks it clean before being allowed to take another. One good, quick p{»rson takes charge of them, keeping each on their row, and passing occasionally behind them to see if thoy are picking them clean and properly. One person takes charge of the boxes as they are brought in, watching to see if stt^ms, green fruit and leaves are among the berries, and if so, the picker is paid less for picking that case. Another person has an alphabetical tally book, with the names of all pickers alphabetically arranged, and as each picker comes in, their names are called out by the receiver, and repeated by the book-keeper, so that there will be no mistake made. Another method is to have tickets to hand out to the pickers each time they bring in a case of berries, those tickets being presented on pay day. We usually pay from one to two cents per quart for gathering, owing of course to the picking. About one and a half cents for strawber- ries, and two cents for raspberries and blackberries, is a fair average price. I SHIPPING FRUIT THAT PERISHES QUICKLY. If trains that pass your station certain times in the day reach the city after the early morning market hours are over, it is better to keep the fruit standing in your cool sheds until they can be shipped on a train that will go in at the right time ; as the close, hot streets of the large cities are bad places for fruit, as it spoils so quickly. It is better, too, to ship fruit in baskets than in boxes, as they are not so liable to heat and spoil. A quart basket with slat bot- tom, for strawberries, and a pint basket of same kind for raspberries and blackberries. The latter should always be shipped to distant markets in pint baskets, for having no stems or hulls, like strawberries, they press closer to- gether, and are more likely to be heated or mouldy if in a quart basket. Another object in shipping in baskets is, that they have slanting sides and lit closely together only at top, (we refer to square baskets, as our experience the past season has demonstrated to us that we would not ship in round boxes or baskets if given to us,) the air thus pass- s — and One 1 on je if ►rson hing rries, ca86- \i the each ceiver, be no to the i, those iy from ■ course :Ta"wber- •ies, is a KLliV. the day lOurs are your cool a\l g? .^^ j,rge cities 'tis better, >y are not slat bot- . kind for ad always [or having , closer to- ouldy if i^ baskets is, jether only >rience the Lid not ship thus pass- ing all through fho ^rate between and under the baskets, and preventing any heating. The objection to the square, tight, gilt box is, that they lit so closely together that the air does not have a tree circulation, and the fruit spoils quickly. We have had blackberries mould and spoil in a single night in these tight square boxes, and believe it our duty here to condemn them, although we had before thought lavorably of them. They ivUl not answer in hot, damp weather, while baskets packed in slatted crates, will carry fruit nicely and not heat it. As to the SIZE OF SHIPPING ORATES, FOR CHERRIES AND SMALL FRUIT, there is a dilTerance of opinion. It has always been our experience, however, that a crate holding forty-five to sixty quarts was best, as such requires two persons to load and unload, and are therefore not so liable to be thrown about as a smaller one that one can handle. Another important point with cases is to have them made shallow — not so high as they are broad — for if not made so they are more likely to get placed on the side by careless express messengers, and the fruit nearly ruined thereby. Our cases for square quart baskets are made to hold five one way and three the other, making fifteen in each layer, and we make them to hold three layers, having the slat division between each layer. PACKING OF TREES NECESSARY. (RKlil IRK IT IROM Tlti; DKAI.KR, " 1. . i.' . BaKRY.") Pacliing. — Persons who are ignorant of the structure of trees, never appreciate the importance of packing ; and that is the reason why so many trees are every year des- troyed by exposure. It is not uncommom, in this part of the country, to see aj^ple trees loaded on hayracks, like so much ])rush, without a particle of covering on any part of them, to travel a journey of one or two weeks in this con- dition. Of course it is utterly impossible that such trees can live or thrive ; and yet the persons who thus conduct their nursery operations, are doing the most profitable business. Such practices are not only dishonest, but highly injurious and disreputable to the trade ; and it is by no means fair to class such peoi^lc amongst respectable and honorable nurserymen. ... 4 I .26 Purchasers are often at fault in this matter. Nursery- men have to buy and pay for the material packing, as mats, straw, yarn, moss, and besides, the labor of packing, when laeM, done, is very great. It is, therefore, not unreasonable that a charge be made ; but some people, rather than pay twenty-five or fifty cents for packing fifty trees, would expose themselves to the risk of losing all. Purchasers should invariably charge the nurseryman to whom they send their orders, to pack in the beat manner. Better pay one or even two cents per tree for packing, than loose it or injure it so much as to make it almost worthless. ■I Hi I ( I I ,1 ttalooiiy, Vines. (By Hy. T. WiMJAMH.) What delicate taste and suggestive beauty .seem gathered up in the association of Climbing Vines. Helps to Home Adornment we have often called them, and the fairy fingers who twine them around their parlor windows, or along the piazza, or on the rustic trellis before the cottage door, will tell you how well they appreciate their value in making home so pleasant. Climbing Vines afford us an opportunity of clothing not the outside of the window alone, but its inside also, with verdure and decorations of greenery. Ideas of refinement, taste and beauty, are invariably sug- gested by the presence of Climbing Vines. Let the corners of our houses, or the edges of our win- dows, be hid under the delicate foliage or brilliLint flowers, and their natural festoons of mingled verdure and bloom will soften the most gloomy surroundings. In the following list of vines you wil lind the most effec- tive means of decoration. Mo.st of these hardy garden fa- vorites will grow from 30 to 50 feet in a season. The Honeysuckle.— Its a vine for covering arbors, pil- lars, trellises, balconies, &c. ; it is unsurpassed. The "Wistaria has the merit of permanency. Its stems do not die down yearly, but remain and grow even more luxuriant and profuse in bloom year after year. Flowers light blue color, and bloom almost constantly daring the summer months. i;:* s, ill )le av il'd ers lay t ov 27 The ViuoiNiA Crekper or American Ivy, requires to be planted in rich, cool, moist soil. When well started, it will grow with a rapidity unparalleled in native vines. Its foliage is of a beautiful i^reen in summer. In autumn it changes to a most brilliant crimson, as if the vine were in a blaze of glory. Plant in rich soil, and manure yearly. ORNAMENTAL TR2ES. iRy M. Dawsox, Montrkai,.) licred them, parlor before )i-eciate not o, witb tig ;)ly sug- lar wiu- llovvers, h bloom lost eft\>c. Lvden fa- Ibors, pi^ I Its stems jen more flowers luring the The principal cause of the exclusion of many trees else- where well known in cultivation is found in the occasional groat severity of winter ti^mperature in this Province, and though it may be assumed that trees subject in their native regions to a winter similarly severe will, in most cases, thrive here, it is imj^ sible to foresee in many instances which of the trees ntiturally inhabiting a warmer or more equable climate will ))ear the test of ours. This knowledge must in most cases be gained by actual experiment, and thanks to the enterprise of o few who have been working in the matter, wm» can already note a considerable number of valuable additions to our native arboretum. Apart from the production of valuable timber and the formation of shelter-belts for houses and cultivated land and growth of shade trees, tree-planting deserves to be studied from the point of view of the landscape gardener, who endeavors to vary the monotony generally found in natural woodland by judicious mingling of trees differing in form or unlike in color or texture ot branches and fo- liage. It is especially in this direction that the naturaliza- tion of the best varieties of exotic trees becomes important. Care should be taken in endeavoring to introduce new trees — and especially in the case of those nat trail y inhabit- ing more southern latitudes — to obtain the seed or yoiuig plants from the northern portion of their range, as these are often found to be much the hardiest. I recommend : Basswood, American Linden. "White-wood. Na- tive.— A familiar tree of very rapid growth and line fo- liage. 28 European LiNDEN.-^Mr. W. Brown states that this troe is hardy. Several fine varieties ol' this species are recog'- nized by gardeners. Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Hard Maple. Native. — A large and fine tree, yielding a valuable wood. White or Silver Maple, Soft Maple. Native.— Of rapid growth, and a fine ornamental tree. The several ornamental varieties of this tree distinguished by gardeners would probably also prove suitable to this climate. Maple, Silver-leaved. — Leaves white underneath. Growth very rapid ; a suitable street and park tree. Mountain Ash, European. — A fine, hardy tree ; head dense and regular, covered from July till winter with great clusters of bright scarlet berries. Mountain Ash, American. — A tree of coarser growth and foliage, and larger and lighter colored berries. Birch (Betula), Cut-leaved, "VVeepino. — A charming, drooping tree, after four or five years' growth. Erect when young. One of the handsomest trees. Very hardy. Larch, (Larix.) — One of the most beautiful of all our de- ciduous lawn trees, vvith slender, drooping branches ; for liage of an agreeable light green hue, soft and graceful. Thrives well in any soil. It is sure to give satisfaction. Elm (Ulmus), American, White — A vigorous tree; when of large size assumes a weeping habit, making a pic- turesque and striking object ; one of the most beautiful of American trees. Horse Chestnut — White Flowering. — A well known hardy, healthy tree, free from all diseases, wath large, rich foliage, and elegant erect spikes of flowers in June, tinged with red. Horse Chestnut — Red Flowering, {Rubictmda.) — A beautiful tree, with splendid rosy red flowers. Acacia, (Locust.) — A rapid growing tree, with formidable thorns and handsome foliage. Makes good strong hedges. Kilmarnock Willow. — One of the best weeping trees with drooping branches and large leaves ; very hardy and desirable. It cannot fail to please, ■J-- 29 If i\ rs eat t\i \v Try also our beautiful native ever(;reei\ trees. White Cedar, {Arbor Vitfc.) — Excellent lor screen and hedges. ^ Pines, Red and "White. — The white is the most orna- mental of our native Pines, flourishes in the poorest soil. Silver Fir, {Bahamea.) — A very neat, pyramidal tree with dark green sombre foliage. Spruce Fir, "White.- -A beautiful variety with bluoish green foliage. Spruce Fir, Black. — A pyramidal compact tree with smooth blackish bark and blueish leaves. Hemlock. — A beautiful lawn tree, elegant and pyramid- al, branches drooping, foliage delicate. ax do- s; for iceful- on. tree ; a pic- [tilul of 1 known re, Ticli tiuired li-inidal)^e hedges. [xi^ trees Ldy '^^^ The Members of "Western N. Y. Horticultural Society re- commend as the Most Appropriate Trees for Small Cemetery Lots : Kilmarnock "Weeping Willow. Cut-leaved Birch. Horse Chestnut. Arbor Vil(p. SHRUBS AND VINES. Hydrangea P. Grandiflorn. Deutzia. Weiffelia. :.,' • ■ "' ;,•••..'.•. Mahonia—^^Xdi'^Tceim^ i ; ' .' '; ,' . . _ ,' .^ * Honey sucik>e-;-Yln{3. .;•..• ; .... .,... Virginia" Creeper; ' '. ' ■'.':.;'.''..;'. ' • * ' • • • PAKE. I'rolU III" iin Apiili; Oiclmiil — K.x|ijiioiio' of Fruit (Jiowiis in Cuiuulaiiml Uiiitid S'ii((S T) IJcKt live viii'i''fi''s of AppU's for the I'roviiu;! of (Jiu l)rc. Biwt Crab Ap- pis 7 Plums — l)est and liiuvUi'st, and tlifir market value . . • i 8 ClicnioH " " " '• 9 Small Fruit — Strawberries, Ilaspl)errle8, Goosoberries, Currants it Profits of SinaU. Frail, |200 to IIOOO per acre 10 Advice to intending growers of Small Fruit 11 Wliat varieties to plant — Grapes and Pears , 18 Hints on Transplanting, kc l'.» rr''pa.:aliou of the Soil !'j I'n', ligation of tiu! Trc'es — Pruning, &c 19 Planting, Staking, Mulching 20 Aflcr CiiUiM.; J I Treatment of Trt'es wlien received frozen or in a dry or shrivelled state . . 2 1 Dislaiue b.twxen Trees in plantation 21 Nn:nl( r of Trees on an acre at various distances , 'J2 Winter protection • 22 MfuKi ling Fruit 23 Gatherii g t;.'- Fruit 21 Sliipi>i:ig IIk Fiui; 2'1 Si/.o of Shij);ii:ig ' rates LT) iSalcony Gardenin;;' , 2(j Orwaiiiental Trees -liesl varieties. Dotiduous and Evergreen 27 Most appropriate Trees, Slirubs, Vines for Cemetery lots 2!> ■w*. ^■d ^ '.' 7"- Vi! , IsrTJIiSElE,IE!S. *>* ' 1 ' V [■/: . * '. St. Eocll des Anlnaies, ) Province of Quebec. COUNTY L'ISLET, 5 CANADA. FRUIT AfID ORNAMENTAL TREES OF MOST HARDY VARIETIES BY ^^TJGI-TJSTE DTJI^TJIS, PROPRIETOR. ScinI .'! ccMi |)Osliij:<' -tiiiii|i fur my 12 pii^rc Iii>tiucli\(' CatuloiriU' iiml I'ricc List ol' TREES FOR COLD LATITUDES. SHcrtcd liioic4' of Hardest Varii'ties. I (Illy (tier trees of varittio j;ro\vin;r well iu tlii.< cdd cliiiiatc, (70 miles Nt.illi-Kiist (I Qiulcc.) mil! ii,atiiiiii^- tluir «( ( d |,i'i((cily licic. I liavi' (liscaiik'd all varictii'> that liavi'in'di testdl ami pruvcil wortlilcsH. Trees delivered at St. Roch Station of Grand Trunk Railway, at prices named. A.l.lrcss C itXJGXJST3G DXJ3PXJIS, •' Villairc dos Auliiaifs Xur.-erics,'' St. Hdcli lies Auliiait'.--. Frov. of Quclcc. ^ f f i . i u I