IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WiST MAIN STRiiT

WeUTIR,N.Y. )45M

(716) t73-4503

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CIHM/ICMH

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CIHiVI/ICIVJH
Collection de
mi

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1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

ll.-RI

Dm

;J*<.|)l;if.
faistrilxi
Diisiii ol

iftluli:

on till-
b1<i|><-.
many ol

N'iii
W'iiiiiip
from ail
E.Mk,v :
Fifl.l It
LaU*- In

Til.
Red K'i^
COiiHimi
thai a .'
Milk Hi

COIIIUM't

Blioiilil
gijiaiitit
will) till
Tin- -IT

II.

l^Oii'. p.:

M)<l lll<'.<

ileiiiiiu I

• I'.p

SD<I till' '

•tulilisli

ii.-ki>u.tm)I' i;\rL<iR.\ri()\s i\ \vi:>Trj<\ cwxux .wdtii

WHSTHKN llMTi:i) STATHS.

i:\()Kiii-

i;v ( AKi. u. i;iui;\MAN\.

Pto/hsor of Xocl.'^'v, liulititui ! 'ni:fi- ilv.

INTRODUCTION.

Diii'iii

-' .\.iiy;M.>it. iiml part mI'Scihi'miImt. is tj. I m iili'a siTic-; orcollcctidiis of tislics
:l)i't\\»'t'ii W imiiinii ami \'aiir()ii\ t'T in Caiiaiia, and ImIwcch rmatilla, Oif.uoii. ami
M*oplai-, Mt»iitaiia, ill the I'liiti'd States, CoiU'ctidii.s wcic iiiadf at 2.") dilfLMciit places
fll.vlrilniltMl us lulli»\\s: .'» stations in tlie l)asin of tlie IJed liiver (if tlic N'mtli, 1 in tlic
pasin of l,i;Uc Manitolia, t> in tiic Sii>i;at(lii'\van Itasin, 7 in tin' < oinndiia liasin. \ in the
Fra>er ^la^ln. and _ in tiie M'>,souri l)asin. I tiius collected niateiial for a coiiiparixm
of tile lisii lanuasof t lie streams llowin^- into ilndson Hay and into the (inlf of Mexico
on llie Atlantic slo|)e, an<l into i'nu'et Sound and into tin; ('olunibia on tlie I'acillc
glope. Tlie eoncliisioiis based on my ohsi'iv at ion> are, of course, merely tentative, for
niaiix other species will prohalily lie found in tin) streams examined.

Nineteen .slo|ts were made inOanadii aloiij;' aline which runs nearly west froin
"U'innipejH-. /. c alonj>- the (Canadian I'acitic railway. On the Atlantic slope I collected
from an elevation of Too t'ect at Winniiici;- to an eleviition of I, "»(»(» feet at IJaiitV, in the
Rocky Mountains I'ark, and on the I'acilic slope from an elevation of l.O.'iO feet at
Field to .'.(MMeer at I 'inatilla on t lie (^oliiinhia .system, and from 1,0(>(> feet at (liillin
LuUe to tide water at Mission in the I''raser system.

The streams on the Atlantic sidi; in Canada lielon.u' to one rivei- system, since the
Red Ifiver and tlu^ Saskatclu'\>an are united in Lake \Viniiipe.i>' and there is a direct
COiiimiinicalion hetweeii the (j>u"Ap|)elle Kivi'V ;.nd the Saskatchewan." 1 was iiilbrmed
that a similar relation exists lietwecn the headwaters of the Saskatchewan and the
Milk Ri\er. I litis connecting; llie Winnipeg system with the Mississippi system. The
Oonnection is s;ud to lie in ;i marshy meadow to tlu^ w<'st of theCyiiress Hills; and
tlioiild tlii> lie a fa't. the \lississii»pi, Saskatchewan, and <'olnmliia \ would form one
jiij>"antic water •^vslcm similar to th.it formed hy tlie Orinoco. Ama/oii, and La IMata,
'Willi the dillV'rencc that tin I'aciiic slope is included in the North American system.
[lie .iii'eat similarity ol" the fauna of the SaskatcluMvan to that of the Missouri lends

ma

11. Vdiilc lliml, 1 '.iii:ch:iii W- \ lii\rr;iuil A-isiiiiliiiiiii' aiicl .SMsi:iirc'licuMii i;x]ii'(lil ion ( l^oii'loii,
GO i. |).M."iri : '• W'li siiDu loiiiid \i (iDiiil iVd II whicli wi- olisirv.'d uati-r licnviii'^' to tlif S,isk;itc!ii'\VMii
III I In- A-i.siMi''i>iiu'. Tiic |iiiiul is Ceil li y ;i iiiiiiilirr nf s|iriii'4S :uiil siuiill si ic;iiiis, a I'liot xv two liiiad,

mill" IVnlil till' 'iMiiil liH1< :ll riollf •ltiirli.,i til till- \--illi>\ ''

llBliin.: Iiiiiii I III' saint liilis at li^ht MUjiii's 'u tlir \aili'\ .'

-- ■I'liral'iiil ami iiiiiMTsliiiij ariinnit o!' ll iniii-rl ion Imi wnii i In' lii-ailwatiM's nl' SiimI<i' K'iviT

4tt>il till' Vi'lldwslcini', MM' I'viTiiiaiiti. lii'porl ol' tin- ( '"iiiinissioiu-r nf I'IbIi and I'isliriii's n>|iiMtiiiL; tiie
lilisiiiiiL'iit III lisii-iiiUiiral siatiiiiis in tlic K'ocky Mimiitaiii rrgioii and (jull' .Statt's, p. J'J, l-sitL'.

101

^

102

I51LI.KTIN or nir, imtki) states I'lsii commission.

I

4

U S F, (

color fit till* rlaiiiicil cninn'clioii lictwccii tlu'sc t^V(^ s\>I<'iiis. Tlu' coiiiUTtion Ih'Iwi'imi
tli«> .Missniiri iiikI tlir Coliiiiiliiii li:is stiiirrly nllrctiMl tlic <listi'il)iitioii of lislies.

Tlu' rf;iioii IVoni WiimiiM';:; to Caluiiiy is vriy iimdi likf aiiv sect ion iiitlu' I'liiti'il
States tVoiii till- Mississi|.|ii !<» the llockics. 'I'ln- slope lor tlie most part is impen-cp
tiblt' ami tin- coiiiitiv is level or sliylilly lolliiit;. A lar;;e pait is piairie. the rest i>
covered witii Imv sliriilis. 'I'lie livers have usually Mdiii a narrow valley l>elow tin-
jieneial smt'aee, and their hanks are neiiily always (piite al»rn|)t anti v<>ry inmitly.
From Calfjaiy the aseent is rapid and the streams lieeome mountain toneiits.

On the i'acilie slope the streams are all swilt. and from Field to tlu* r<dumbiii the
descent i ^ very rapid. The ('olund)ia is navi;^'ahle from (ioldeu U|», but below (i olden
tiiere are many rapids. Tins river undies a lony horsj'slioe bend towards the north,
and wJH'u tiie railway strikes it ai;ain at l{e\elstoke the river is 1,(MM> li-et Ictwor and
a;;ain navigable.

1 reeeived much valuable information and many courtesies from Mr. MeC^ueeii.
inspector of lisheries for -Manitoba: from Mr. W. Hill, of \\'ininpe<;'; Mr. Amedee Iv
Fori^et. of the Canadian Indian department: ('apt. Ilarjter. of the <'anadian mounteij
jiolice, ai il Mr. G. A. Stewart, superintendent of the Korky Mountains I'ark of Cainula,

i'lnally, I must acknowledge my indel>te<lnessto l>r. Albert (iiintlier, of the HritisL
Museum, at whose sujijiestion and e.\i)ense the e.\|(lorations were undertaken.

/•',-,

( ;,/,

STATIONS WHERE COLLECTIONS WERE MADE.

In tlie followiufx list I give the names of the places visited by nie in tlieir regulai
sueces.sion. the name of the river examined, tlie system to which U belongs, and, as fai
as I have been able to determine, the elevation of t'aeli locality. All tlu' elcvaticuis o'
Canadian i»oiuts have been taken from the levi'ls of the </anudijin PHcifie Uailroad
riate ■) illustrates the relation of these stations to each other,

Stiitiun.

I

GIfvatiiiii.

.Struaiii.

Itivpi- HyMtem.

Cannilii, Alliililir n|ii|ii' :

WillIli|Pi j;

West Im nunc

lliaiiilciii

Oii'AliiicUc

Kii:iMii

Moipsn.law

I

.1

<'liai«liii I Old Wiv

7ilii l!iil IJivprnf thoXiiilli ;

*Tr)ii Wliitr .Mini Mnnitolia Lake.

l.l.Ml AHsinilioinc | JSed KiviT.

•1,7110 gn ApiMllf Do.

l.H".') l,a<'aH ana flick | it".

1.7l.'."> MoiKso.law I l»ii.

Swill. Ciirnnt

Mapli' CrccK

.Mfiiiiiiio Hat . . .

(Jaluarv

lianir.

LaKi'.

'.'.■KID Swirt iJiincnl

(.') :i. sill I Majilr ('nrk

'J. I 'ill ,Sii»kati lirwiin

a.:Wfi liiiw anil Kllinw

4.ri(iu lidw ami \ ir.nilliiin.

Sa.-^Ualilicwati.
I In.
III).
Do.
1)11.

(.'aii.iila. I'a'ilif nIoih'

I'ii'l.l

tiiililrn

J{i'vilslokc

tirillln l.akc

SU'ainoiis i

Kaniliiii|is

Mission

I

Uniliil Slates:
I'lnatilla ..
I.a (iianili'.
Talilwrll ...
IilaliM l'all>

<>ai>'

I'liplar

4

(I.1II

'2

."i.'iii

1

47.'-.

1

illlil

1

:inii

1

mill

'J

7SI1

■ii'2

1

71"

t;i

4: If

II

mill

KicMiiy IliiiMi' (.'oliiniliia.

Kii'KinL' IIiu'm' ninl Cnliinilila Ho.

('oliiniliia I 111.

(iiilliii I.akr Krasi'f.

Sliii-iliwap l.akr l»ii.

'I'liiiinp.siin IJiviT l>o.

I'"ias<r l»o.

Vniulilla Creek nml r'oliiniliia

liianil llonili* Coliiniiiia.

llniMl' l»o.

Snaki' liivcr I)o.

MiriHiiiiri Mis.Hoiiri.

I'liplar ItiMT Do.

I

Aliiiiit

tlik'valion.s I'lirnislu'il liy (inat N'oitlR'ni Uallioail tliniiiuli il.s t;i'nt"ral iiianaficr. Mr. I), h. Mohler.

Sn.s/,;

I las 1 1%

RELA .

'untinuiM
. Till- 1,,'.. i,, I
'lertKiii i"'i.

, U S r, C l8'-t L'(ilil»I.cr, .f, A»,fn Cl' I'll ric • T^ ' icp pa,;o 102

Plate 5.

V liiitcil

lie roHt i^
U'lnW till'

iiiibin tln'
i\v (IdUU'ii
;lie north,
lower and

M((^iieeii.
iiu'dfe K.
1 iiiouiitetl
)f Ciiiunlii.
\hv liritisli
en.

eir reftuliii
sviul, as fai
ovations o
V liaihoad

,.\//.S6VO//

SCAiC

iOO MIIU Wilt

looo rrcr vtur

/''ill.-.' r I In sill.

( 'ill II iiiliin / lii.si II ,

^-^U<J"/ln Fulls

SnsL'illrlii iiiiii I'liisiii.

!bIohler.

Hn.si II III lin lii il li'i ri r

ill' Ui.' .\iii/li.

H'rs/honrnr

RELA'TiVE LONUiTuniNAL AN'i A L T . t g |_ i ^ aL PObiT.OfJb OF : H E, POINTS WHERE CliL L EC ! n.>N b WERE MAT'E

■Olltiliii'>iis liii.' n.|,ri>s.-iil-; III.' ( ',iii,i.|i.iii |...iiil- '1 li.- iim-|- Ii;i-.iii-. t.. wlil-h lli.-.i- \>.hi\\^ I .. 1.111..' ;iiv iii.IiimIi.I '..■ii.miIi ih. ^i'm Irifl

. Tli<- lir.'k.ii ;ir i.iiii.'fts 111.. fiiiii-.l Stall's |i.iiiii.- .\ll ili,.si' «..^i ..| i!i,' lii-l|.'>i |...iiil ■.ii'Lui;,' I.. III.' 1 '..liiiiil.i.i liii^in; all iIm.s..

tierlKliI liel.iiiL,' I., ilic .MJss.iiiii lia.slii

1 1. 1 ;■(;;$

The Im-.I :

of Stlllllp-

bilit.v In \
nnsM's I In I
<)V«?r ilif
ttaliesisc

■g4<''<''* ■'
and I >n It'll

(£rW(v».s|.

qaaiitiix

Til.- '

narrow st

alteniatii

aud suiiii

can l>t' sli

Til.' ,

'itreiiiM it:

.'very lici

jravclly i

lot Iciini

111 or

)y stiijio.

ong* 1 or

link liol.'

s at its 1

alley of

s flanlvt'il

leptli of

o 20 y;in

II the st!

II those 1

Til.'
troaiii ill
iipossihl
eeds. ]
lie biiiik
liese 'ii
im a sii
lecies wi
ary aim

i'\iM.(>i;.\TH)\s IN wr.iTKUN canada. i:tc

103

DKSCRIPTION OK I.OCAMTIKS IN THK ORDKR OK KXPLORA T ION.

< \N.\I» A.

'I lie nuiiiii ;il I \\'iliiii|i('y is ;i ll;it |m;i illc :il»iiat l'"» or .'.(» Iccf jilxivc I lie livcr.

Th<- liril iiii'l hiiiiivN III' till- li'cit ItiviT III' till- Niiitli all' iiiiii|il\ ill I lir i'\l iriiir ainl lull
of .sliiiii|>> ai'il siia;;is. In si'iiiiiii;. w ln-ri' wi- iliil imt siiiU into iln- iiiinl liryoiiil |n»s>i
bilitv III \M>iU. Niiiijrs wi'icsiir' ti iiiti'i Iric. All iilil I'li'iir'i lislii'riiiiiii lias rlciircd tli(^
nna^s IVuin a sImiI >lrrti'li nt' liaiiK. and licri- I'idiii iiiorniii., lil! ni;>'lit In- ilrai^s a scini'
over tlirsaiiu' ;:iiiiiiiil. iiiaUiiiL: almiil LMI liiiils iliiriii;: tin- day. I'ln- alMniilaiiic nf
tlalics is r\ idfiii I mm the lari that a nniiibrr a:c taUi-ii wiili i'\ • r.\ lianl. i'lir ininripal
gperii's alt' till- ;:i>ld eye (//""'""K ^^ liirli is stnuKnl and drii'd; tiic vaiimis snrkt-rs
and liMiralo; iln' pirkrid ! liiTc tin- spci-ics i.f Sfi:i>slnlion ^o Ity llii> iiaiiic); tlu' |»iUt'
(/itt( /('s . >tiir;;i'on. and ratlisli. Tiir last aif i-xtirint'ly alniiidaiil, and aii- taki'li in
quantity willi Land liiirs.

Till- VVIiitc Mild l.'ivcr at W'l'Sthonnic is triWiitary tn I-aki- Manitniia. It is a
narinw >l n'ain.tiO to S(» feet w id«', and swilt. Tlici*' ai»' pt'lilily wet'dcovcii'd sffetriu's,
alteiiiatinji witli deep iiinddy jiools. 'I'lic ruiintiy aiioiit Wt'sthotinic si-i'iiis to ln' low
aud swampy. I.nviiis iKciitu is reported to ascend in such miiiibers to spawn tiiat tiiey
can 1)1- slioveled out.

'Ilie .Assiiiibiiine at lirandoii meaiideis iliion;ili a valle.v almiit a mile wide. The
■«treani itself is swilt and hi-twei ii J(»0 and .">(»<> I'ret wide. The enrreiit ilianni's with
■very lu'iid, now appi'oarhin;:' one side, now aiiothri'. The iiottom of tin' stiraiii is
jravelly ill places, hut for the {^I'eater part the soft mud is i* or more feet deep. I did
loth'ani of any tisiiin;: here for the market.

In onh'r to leaci. the <jMi'Api>eIle Ifiver it was neci'ssary to ride nearly L'O miles
)y 8taj;e. The road is over a wind swept prairie, with clumps of low shrubs. At
onger or shorter intervals there are siiallow depressions which resemliie enoriiiou.s
;ink iioles of limestone countries. Nothing is seen of tiie <^>u"Apiielle Valley till one
sat its blink, where, about .{(HH'eet lielow the ;;eneial level of the praiiie. lies the
alley of the (.brAiipelie. or •• Wiio ('alls'' b'iver. The valley is over a mile wide and
s flanked l»y al)riij»l walls. It is occupied Ity a series of four lakes haviiiman avera;;e
leptli of about i:\ feet. The lattei' are connected by a swilt, clear stream only l.T
o 20 yards wide. They abound in lish. h'tlirnstoiim iiifinnn lloiirishes in |»crfectioii
lithe streain connecting; the lakes. Two species of wliitdish [<'i>riiii)niisj nn' taken
II tliese lakes, but I was unable to obtain any specimens.

The country al»out liciiina is mostly a level prairi«'. Lacawana Creek is a small
troam about I \ards wide, its lied is \ cry muddy, so much so that it was almost
iipossible todiawaiiel. The liaiiks are abiiiidaiitly supplied with various water
eeds. Near the town the stream has been dainnied to form a ieser\oii' for the city,
he bank ol' the nservoir neaicNt the cily has a strii» of cliara about L'O t'eet wide.
liese rliara t'clds harliored thousands of /'/*/(r/)/M(/r.v and a iVw Knntlhi, ISelow the
im a single haul of the seine secured about a peck or more of l-!iiriillii. Only four
>ecies were taken at this place. Suckers, and especially jiikc (Lnriiis], are said to be
ary alnindaiit iliiriiiL; their brcedini; season or in the early sprin,u.

i

101

itrM.i'.iiN Ml' riii: ijyrri:i) siati;s risii commission.

Altdiil MiHi-c ,I;iv\ llnTc iin' inlliiiy liills. Aliovc tin- towii. Mnosf .law ('ink pJiii«'s.
Hows tliinimli ;i ii.imiw \ alley <ir yoryc; iiimi' tlic slatiuii it joins 'riiiiiMlci' CriU'U. ,i llnyoy >
siiialirr >lrca!n. As is usual ajoii;; tln' lailroail. lin- -ln'aiii is <laaiiii*>*l iii-ar tlic >i.i »li<l '"/

tioi;. lU'iiiw llit'iiaiii it liiniis a xiinis^inii or<lif|i | Is ami shallow lilHlt'.s. 'I'll At

roiiililiDiis ^I'fiiM'il lavoialtlf I'ni a l:ii'i:<' vaiit-ty of liv|i Ijif. hiil tin- iiiiiiilit'r ul .s|icrir- 0«)liiial)
ol)taiii<-i| was \ci'\ sriiall. Tin- lai';:*!' spfrirs air iiinif ahiiiKiaiil \\fiv than tl< brronit <
snialli-i Wlif< r I'l

( Hil \\i\ cs Lake is aiUaliiH', and as lai' as I ronld <iriciiniM<' contains no lislics. Of I In- h

Swiff <'Miiiiit is an ideal plaee lor variety in lisli lite. 'I'lie sticain is narrow ain' pint- < l.n
on an a\ eiaue alHiut L' leel deep, it llo\vso\er yiavel and. as the name implies, h:iv WK'i'hd I
a swill eiiiK'iit. It is jiist such .1 stream iis the darter delights in in more suntliei ^' '

latiliide>. and in la 't one ol' t heir niiinher. i'.llitdslnnm /o/ro. is tpiile ainiiidant lieii » Hei les
'rhi> is the (iidv darler, li(>we\ <'r. tli:il I oi)taiMed in the wateisul' I he .Saskatehewn •*"' ''"'
I'.asin. The >lream is dammed aliii\(' (lie niilwa.v , and it is Jirst bohtw the dam th.i ''"'

the mns| laxoralde loeality for lishin;'' was Iniind. Mtweeii

At tia- lime I \isiied Maple < reel, it consisted ofa snceession of slimy pools in •Oore^.
muderately deep eliaiinel. 'i'lieie waN an almost iiieessant cold rain that pi'eventec OOVereil
miieli woiU. lint altlioiii;li 1.', inclics of water fell dnriii;^ my stay, no iminessioii wiia' •"d alxiii
I'vei was made on the (piantity ol water in tiie pools. .Maple <'reeU empties into I'.i. »bniidan
Stick Lake wliirh. in iii;.;h w ater. o\ ei tlows into a tril)iitai> of tiie Saskatchewan. **"' '""

'i'lie Saskatchewan Ilixei at Medicine Hal is a na\ i^-alde >ti('am with a swift ciii ■*•"!' 'i'"
rent. I'lie water is cold and cloudy. Man.\ of the larjicr species of lisli were reportd '**'' '"^ '''
to me heic. altlioll;i;li I ohtailicd lull few. The ri\er hed is said to he l.(i(M» feet iowi '"• *'"'" ''
tlian lliat I Maple Creek, the desceid diiriii;.; the last U'w miles lielore icachiny' tli >icai

ri\t'i licin;; . onsideialile. The bed of this river lies in a level valley of varying;' widil •*''^'''' '
At .Medirine Hal the low hills approach almost to t he edyc of the ri\ er. ■^'"' ^^"''

Caluarx lie-> in liie V foi iiied l»> the jniictioii o|' the Klhow with the r>ow Ifivci *• _<•'* ''"■^^r
lloth of the rivers are swift, clear, cold mountain sti<'ams, (he former hein;;' the sha! **®'>^ht.
lower. Ti oiil. ,SW/;//(( and .N'((/(v7////(.\-, are al>iiiidaiit , Seining' in I he i>ow Uiv er jnopi QUt'iiliv a
wa> impits--ilile. and it wasroiiliiied to the sloii^hs o! i "lat river and to the ICIIiow. Tii' *Wchov le
country is hilly and lievoid ol'limlicr. Tin- U'ockics are seen from here. •^' '"*

I'roiii <'aluary to I'.anlf there is a steady ascent, iiaiill' is located on the ilo together
l{iver and in the Canadian L'ocky Mountains I'ark. ^"^•■' I''"'

The vaile.v ol the I'.ow is swampv- lor several miles aliove I'.aiifl", an. 1 the ilo'v U'ivi ^"'•''' ''
ilsi if is a ipiiet deep stream. At liiiitf it hecoincs a toriciit in which lishiiij;' with ' vall<|

m-l is impo-siiile. 'I'jie valley is ev erywiieiv tpiite nai'rovv and llanked li,v iii^h nion ftr^'lcvoj
tain-. N'ciiniliion Creek, tin' outlet of the N'ei'million Lakes, wliicli lie in the swam, t^lC'"'!''!
of tlie r.ow. ciiteis ihe Kow at li.iiilf. as also does l'"orty-.Mile Creel;. These tiili SnorJ

taiie> ai<'(lcai and ii'.v cold. On the opposite side a .-^iiiall stream of warm wai SOi>'"'i-;l
enters I'lom tiie hot sidphiir springs, and a much la rf;er stream, the Spray Kiv'

wiiirh is. Iiowcvt'r. too swift for scinini;'. 'I'he lai'i^cr streams all ahoiin.l in Sal-
itnjhiss. Si' I nl ill IIS iiitiiiii/iciish. and ( 'oriiimiiis irlUiii nisitni.

l"iom r.aiilV the asci-nl is very rapid to tlie continciilal tlivide. The deseont '
the I'acilic sjde js even more stce|). Mv lirsi station on the i'acilic side was at Kid
where the iiioiiMtains i ise Id.UlKt feet ai)ove the river. 'I'he river lied of the Kick;i
Horse, at I'irld. is a luoid sandv stK'tch and the water Mows in several channels. 'I!
main stream is t<io swift for seininu. but the smaller lirandn's are tiuieter in niai

south

broad -hi

i

,;XI'l,<ii;AI|tiN.s IN Wl/^TKKN <AN.\l».V. KTC

105

CnM-k. 1
llic >l.i

ll s|i«'rir~

tllilll tlx

» llsln-s.

lIMOW ill Ml

plit'S. Iii-
StXlt lit',
iint lit'ii
atclicwiiii
(lam tliii

pools ill i
lUH'Vonttil
sioii \vli;r
s into i'>i.
K'WiHI.

swill (Mil

V rv\un\' >
\Wt lowi

iicliiii};' til'
iiiji' widil

l>o\v l!i\r,
i;;- tli»' sliii!
ivcr proi"
Ihow. 'ill'

til tilt' 1)11

' I'.o'v IJivi
liin<;- with

liiyh III

tlic swiiini
riit'sc trill
Wiiriii w;ii'
piiiy l{i\'
11,1 ill S<il'

pliui's. Till' ii'\ wMiiT lit ilic Kickiiiii llttisi- is milUv in iippfiiiiiiicfuinl t"iil!ol';i tmi^li
(diiyt'N >i|l»-t;ilir('. I'lMl twii >p«'rif- uC li>ln«s wcic olitiiiiifil lii'lf. ('it)i iimnis iniilln i
MhI f'>>lhi.y ithiliiiiiits. Iintli new III sticiiff.

\l llii' lliitlllh 111' till' Kirklll- llol «c. ill ( iolill'll. otluT I'ollt'fllKll^ Wi'ic lliaiit'. Tliw

0«iliiMi!ii,i li'i\ IT alxivt' filis pl;iii' i>. ii,i\ i'.MMf liii '•mmII "•tfamfi". I'lclnw (ioNlt'ii it
bf^t'uiiK < :i iiinow tni'H'iit. ( 'iiIIitI iiiiiN \\ n<' iiiatif ill :i liii'ailow oVi rllowcil Ity Itai'k
Wilt) r iVttih I lit' ( iiliiiiiiiia. ainl in tlif < tilinnliia at tin iiiniit li of oni' of t!i«' hrainlii's
of IIm' KhUm;^ llm-if. '1 lif \;illf.\ nt lln' * oliiiiilda linf >|ii|ic> up tn a iaii;ii' n\' low
pint' I'lail iiMMiiilains "xtiiiilin;: paiallcl 'Ailli tlit- >lr«'aiii. SaliiMiii > Oiiriiiln/ii<li"x)
MM'fiiil lo I iiis point.

\l i;i'V<'l>tiiI<i' ihf ( (till III Ilia i» a iniu'ii lai un -.Ilea in ami \i'iy swilt. Tu tlif west
ft|i<'rii>>o| liiuli iiiiiiinlaiti> aif M't'ii wliiiii tmiii llic v\ atii >Im'iI iifluci'ii tin- ( 'oliiiiiltiil
Mid till- i'la^ci. (In iln-fa^t tin' ascfiil i^ iimmi' ^railiial.

(Iriltin i.aUi- is tiif last of a x-rics nt siii;il| lalii's hi'-iiinin.L: Jiist Ih'miiiiI t Ik- ili\ iilf
llptwfi'n ill)' <')ilninliia anil tin- i'la^t'i. !t is a \i-t'\ ilt'ar laU)'. sliallow nt'ar t lit'
riloii"-. It IS alioiii a mill' wiilf ami altoiil 1' iiiilt's lnnu. All '^lirks iyiiiL: in it an'
^Vi'i'ttl uitli a liiiulit unt'ii sponj^i'. tlit-ai ''lii^ItT^ nl tin' saint' spimut'. a root liii^li
flB<l alioiit lilt' saint' wnllli. an- '•itii mi tin- iMitluin in sjiallnw waltT. I''isli lil'i' is not
abniiilaiit. from it> hank"" low inonntains r;-.i'. 'I'lif ^tri'ain llowin;: iVoin it is swift
an«l full 111 yoiiiiL; S'llni". \ iiiiliMicntaiy ilain lias hern roiislnifti'tl at its oiitlft to
ket'p tiiiilitT fi'oin lloatiii;^' ilowii a.Liainst the lailwav Uiiil^t'i'. As a )'ons('ipii'iir)' the
Ink)' is full of siia;.;s. 'I'lic oitlli't ol (liiltiii Lak)' t'liijitit's into l'',ayli' li'ivfr, which in
its turn I niptifs into Sliu>liwap i.akr.

Sicamoiis is a siniiiui on an aim of Slmshwap Laki' iii'ai- tiif moiilli of tli)' Maylc
River. Low iniiiintains fovmcti with pim-s ax'rmi from all t lit' shoii's uf tin' laki'.
Tilt' wati'i' of till' lakf is inin h wainifi' than that of tht' I'^auli- li'iscr. Tlir Itollnin
is o\ I'l'^iiiiwii with wati r wt'i'ijs w hicii x'i'in in soiiii' plari-s to he "JO t'ci't or niort' in
beiylit. I'"isli ai I- \ )'r\ almmlanl ami si-hools nf tlirin swim lu'low t he snrfact', trt'-
qul'iillN a v\ iioli' x'lniol piikiii'.;' tiicir hfails up tou't'tlifi'. iiki' srhools of friulitt'iii'd

ant'lioN ii's.

.\t Kamloops till' Ninth riioinpsim l.'ivci' I'liiptii's into 'riiompsoii Itivcr. fonniiifj
togt'tlii'ia -^trfaiii iifaiiy a mih' widi'. Thi' riirri'iil is inoilcralt'. ami f))rin(M ly st«'am.
boats plicil on tlif ri\)r. Thi' iiiai',i;in> of ihc stifain art' full ot wad'rw i-i'il>. ihioimh
which it i> iiii|inssjli|i' to ilraw a m-l, .Salmon arc taken licit' hy the Slmshwap India lis.
Th«' \ aili'y is >kirti'iM)\ roumli'i! hill- which, wit ii tin' cxo'plion of scattcrt'tl pines,
are tli \ niil of tncs. l he w ,ilir i> II! mil wariin r than in the mountain >t reams. Ihonyh
the eyai t tt'inpiratiire was not oiitaimil.

Si;iin after leaving' Kamlooiis t In- ilesceiit a.ii'aiii Wecomt-- \i-i-y sleep ami coiilinne.s
BO nil mi;' till' l-'rasi-r ro Mis>i.iii. wln'ie the river is alVi-i-ti-il l»y hmli tiiles. Tiie eoiintry
Sontii of Mi~-siuii is mar.sh.N . a tew liill> lisiii'.; mi theiioitli. Tlie Kraser is here a slow,
bromi <tieam. ami >aliniiii ami >rur'^eoii aboiiml in it.

L» (k'st'Ciit '
vas at Kiel'
the Kick;;
aiiiiek-^. 11
ter ill inai

10<)

m I.I, i; I IN Ml iiiK r.Niri;!) staiks fish commission.

r.Mri'it siAi'Ks.

Tlir rc{ri<»n i\l>onf rmalilla is m inllinu pniiiir. Tin- liiUiksof tlir ('nliiinltiii l!i\i
arc Mainly ami ;ir:iM-lly. Tlif rinaiiiia Kivt-r is small aii<l *'m|itir> in in iIk- ( mIiiiiiIm.
AI)iMit its iiKiiitli is an cstiiury with a snt'i iiiiid Itotiorii aiiW with IVniii _ to.'i Irct <l*-|>i
of waltT. TIm' mm! ami sitmc wati-rwfnl.s usually liih'il the net so that it was ilitlinii
to piciv out tile lish, i'>|ii'cially as it was mccssars lu rollcct alM'r tIaiU. TIh' iiim>
im|)oi'taiit iliscovciy ol' I hf >fasoii wa> madi' at this point, ('olmnhiit tniiisiiiDiili'n
shows in a striking: way tin- moiliiii ation ni thf lin-« nl the I'acilir slopi- tishcs. i
this cast' it has t'oaml expression in the stron;; spinc-i at the ori^iiiot' the anal ami ih
dorsal tins.

Til)' <iraml itomlc KMvcr is a trii>ntaryot the Snake. At La (iraiidc it is a sm.i
streani with a lew deep holes. It is damine(| near the town tor liiillin;> purposes.
I'lill of an;;ular pieces of lava, and scinin*; is almost impossilde. Kclow the dam lar;:'
lUl'Ulicrs ot' Anntiocirlix were t'onnd dead.

AImhiI ( 'aldwell thei'niintry is a level plateau, tn'clcss except alon}; the river l»ani»
The IJitisc Uiver. whieli is a swift stream al)oat 100 I'eet oi' less in '.id is dammed a
vari(His places to di\ert the water into irrijiatiiiK' ditches. There are level stretclii
ill the liver, aitcniatiaji witli swift riftles.

At Idaho I'alls the Snake i;i\ei has worn a narrow fjor^ye tliroiifjh tlie lava, and
a fierce torrent in which .seiiiiii;> was out of tln'tpiestioii. l-'ortuiiately a sinall stre;i;
has been diverted for a mill, and in tliis I obtained proltably a complete series of tli
tishes of this rei^ioii. The e()untry is still a lev»d valley with inoiiiitaiii raiifTes at
distance on either side.

Soon aftei' leaviii<; Idaho Falls the continental divide iscrossed. The llrst statin
at which I made c(dlectioiis was Craiy, .Mont., on the .Mis.souri. This river is hci
aluMit l.">0 teet wide, a clear, cold. rai»id stream with gravel bottom and full of ('m
fimuis irHlii(insiiiii and I'ldtiff/ithiit niKcilis. Fishiiif;' was conlined ehietly to the sloii;;
formed at the mouth of a small creek enterinii' from the eastern side.

.\t Poplar the Mis.souri is a swift, luuildy stream, probably •JtMl yards i)r more wit!
Poplar Kiver is also miidtly and partakes of the nature of the prairi«' streams iic,
Wiiinipe;;-: that is. its Itanks are composed of s(d't mud. it seemed nowhere ovei
feet doe[», and in many places it was only a foot deep.

I

«

iihi:i Kne
('mIiiiiiIu,!
Ii'«'t <lt|'i
lis ililli* iii
Til.' in .-

IllSlHOIltiiii

tislics. 1
ml iiii<l 111

t is a siiKi.

• (llllll liH;'

liver hiUik
4liiiitiiH'«l a
•L*l stivtrlii ^

lava, and

onall stifii;

"^frit'j* <>t '1

rau}i«*s lit

' first statii'

■iviT is li«'i

full of r«i

o the sl«)ii;;

orinovowiil

stri'iiins tif

) where ovii

B , ! U

•4 Eil.ior.l.

t ittt "I I'rt'i ila i.(c. iTnf*r»'ni

I^LATl (

in 81 £';■.• ' n

or;EiiONUS COULTERl £;,■

lV E i;t'nrii.i(ir

COLUMbiA TRA^S^/:■^ r.TANA E'

r ' 4i Eijtn i-jn n

1. Ai

8. Catoa

M

I'LATL (

r.Xl'LOlJATloNS IN \V1, II UN CANAUA. I.TC.
NOTES ON THK FISHKS COLLlvCTED.

107

1. Aiiimooaefes tiideiitatUB ii;iiiilii''i . I lil^ --iii . i.'s .i^.'iinl- ilir rivn^ ti(S|i.iwii. Ai l.a (iiiiidf
till' (ii-mil l»iiii(li', II siiiiill sircini .'> i>i li vanN wnle, is iliiiiiinil lnr milliiii; |)iir|M»si'.s. .Iiisi
In-low till' ilaiM :i Imis;i' uuiiilii'i- iil tlii> -.|iccii'-. wiTC liDtii'cil in all st.r^i'^ <>!' ilrcay. Siiipii hail
ivi.IiiiiIn iIi.iI III.' |ii-.. imIiii:; iii^lir. I'im' n\ in.- .if ilin~, i.ik.iial llii- i)lar.' \m'1i' lar;;.'. lint
111.' .'u^s w .'I.' 1 1 II 1 1 c, -.111.1 II. Win ill. 1 til.' " .'. U" h .1 -.11.1 \v II. '.I ami ili. 'i. m v^ licllii'l' the -in'ri-
III. 11- «. I.' li'I'l -I laibl.'l. I am iiUiM.' In >I.ili . \ll ill.' .M|i.'.'im.ii> w.'ii' a'l.uil tliMl luni. I.ii:.,'.
Al ( al.lwi'll I s.'ciii'ril .1 laii;.' iimiilnl nl Ih. v.iiii^ .>l tlii> >|i.'.ics. I'lir laii;.'-! i>\' tlii'-*'
iiiiMsiircil (ill 1I11II. Ill t li.'ir lialiits till' viimn; M'l'.N mm li i.'>.'ml'l.' Ih-dih lim/iiiiiiiii. Tli.'v Itiiiinw
111 til. yaii.l iH'Mi I III' iiiai liiii i.r 1 1''' •■tnMiii. It tii.\ ai.' ili>l in lu'.i lli.'v « ill . ...nr oiil ..|' ili.'

.■•ami a i.'w .I'lit iin.M.'r-i limii ili.' (il. t' ili>i iii'liam.'. TiU' Hinall inirs wcir |ii.i -iiri'il liy

iliiow iiiLj III.' >aii.l .III I li.' liaiiK-. \vli.'r.'ii|Hiii tlir\ woiiM si|iijrm ..iit ami .nil 1.1 l.c s.'cur.'.l.

2. Aciuc'liHi,! stuiio l.iiina'iis. Tin- --i. .■;.'- i< rniiiimia ai Uiiiiil|ii'n ainl in ili.' lak.-- l.illii' ii.iilli.

I |ir.i. iiii'.l a >iii!;l.' >|i.'.iiii.'ii !>ii miii Inim. Il lia- tin' npin'i' ])art ..I' tlic - t lil.i. U. a lila.'k

sp.il nn till' siil.'-i all. HI' til.' |i.i-l.riMr tliil'.l nl i.iil.iials. ami .unit In i licl.iw tin il.n-al: a
iiarrmv.'! .Iiisky I'.iinl .onmrl- llir-r ami .'\trinl- tc llii' tip of tlic tall.

3. Notiu lis flavus lv,iliii.'>.|in'. .V iiiiiuli.'r nl .spc. innnt nf ilii~ sp.'rit'-i i l."iii tn J.'.n niiii. Inii;^ wiic

nlil.iiii.'.l witli lin.ik ami line at iii-^lil in tli.' Mi.-s.iiiii li'ivir .ii ( r.ii:;. Mmit. i'liis si'.'ins
tn 11.' till' iiinst wrstriii re. '.nil tni' ally iin'inlici'.'* .it till' Sihiriild. Tli.'y wiic r.'|iinii'.l in int' at
Mi'ilii iiK' Mat. lint I did nut pro iiir any .^p. riimii- at that ida.i'. I'l.il'. I'.\ . rinanii vrpnits
iioiii' in his cxplnratiniis in Montana and Wyniiiiiij;. It has liitlirrtn Itriii -nppiwcd that tin-
iih'IiiIm r.s of '111-* lainily i\i< lint asicinl t.. thf inniintaiii'-. N.nii' havr In'.n fnuiid imlijrcn.ni-' to
thr I'a. ilii' -Inpc. In ilir lari;i'i' wpi'rinit'ii-i III.' t w n iiiaMllaiy Uarlifls rcnh the lia>i' .il the
pci (oi'iiks. Tlicrf i> nnil.irnily a white spot nn th.' l.a. k Jii-t .it tin' Lasc nl' and li.liin.l t lu'
last (loi.s.il ray.

4. Ictaluiiis puuctatiiB H;iliiii'si|m'. Winiiipi';^. lON.i't'diiiulx alnimlant in th.' K'l'.l Iiimt, wlni.' it

IS caiifilit in ;;r('at nnnilu'rs, csprcially al nij;lil. It l'n'i|nriitly I'cat'ht'.s a It'ii^tli of almnt
750 iiiin. It wa.-i r.'p.irtrd t.> nic at I'l'iindnii, hiit it .an n.it hv aliiind.int at that pl.-i.-c. siriri'
SSt iii>iii' wcir ha ill to have liccn ranjilit tlicri' si me ISSI!. .\ .atti^li was also .a I led t.i my al tent inn
at Me. Heine Hat. lint I'mni the dcsei'i|ilio it ninst h.' a .V.W/kik.

5. Ictiobiis cypiiiiella U'livii T A \'aleiK'ieiiiiosi. Winnipe;;. Tw.i speiiimii-. th.' lar;.'.'--t 7(10 nun.

6. Carpiodes velifer i liiiliiiesiinei. Winiupei;. Hiaml.di, M.-.tiiiiie Hat. I'nplar. I (.iii detect no

dilieremi's lietweeii the spe.'iineiis iVnin W'iiiiiip.'L; and sniii.' taken in the i thin l>'i\t'i' .it
( 'im'iniiati.

7. Paiitosteiis joidani Kvennann.

(/^(H^l^/('(n* i'(i/"»i/ii(/i/i(.'* l'.i'.;eninaiin i\ l''.iuenin.'itin, .\in. Nat., I'"eli., !?<!•:!.>

Tlllee spe.inu'ns. !l'J In lnd nun. Iniiu. l!..!-.' I.'i^er. (al.lxvell. Or.';;. \ei". .i.mely lelated
to l'.ii<iiir(ixiis, ill.' lye slightly lari^i'i. t he .amlal iiimli Iniiiier. Ilea. I, li-l'^:: depth. l*-."i;
H. II. IH-ll'.t in twoi; A. I. NA i7i in ./(»(»•>..> h.si. S.ales, III to IH-si) t.i lno-l.".. Ky,., li-n j,,
siiniii. 1-1'! in int.'i'nrliilal, ll-J tn little iii.n.' than I in liea.l ( LM : l! ; : II in iicuiidskh ui' sain.'
si/1' 1. .Ml till' Iil IS I nn 11! pninieil thin in ;i< iii id -/('•. I he . amlal Inlies i oiisid. r,ilil\ Iniij^ei t h.iii
the head slinrt. T than liea.l in in lu nisim \ :!;-! i in th.' l.'n;:tli i. ")-.">■ i. I.iulii lirnw ii with in.lis-
t in.'t . Inmis oC darker.

8. Catostoimis catostomu.'s il'nrsier.. Wiiinijien. ,"'<wit'i Ciui.nt. Medieine llai, Calvary, li.iiiii.

(nilil.'ii. ami Kev elstnke. Asremls •<! i.'.iins tn s|i.i w n. I- -aid tn li.' \ ery ,'iliiiiidalil at \\ inliipei;
diuin;.; th.' winl.f. »>nl\ a siii;;l.' >peiiiiieii. llie lir-t nt'tli.' ^.'ason. w.-,s lakeii .liiiiiii; my
stay. As will h.' s.'eii rrnlii tlieal>n\«' lo.alilies, th.' spc. ies > Nt.'iids aei'.iss the K'.i.ki.s. .\
spt'.iim II nf ', W().s/(ii(i((.s 'J'.KI nun. Iniij;. 11.1111 (i.ildeii. .Ill til. I'nlilliiliia K'iv.i'. .Iil'lei". in oiil\ a
lew niiiinr .lelails trnm a spiciini'ii .d' I 'iilnKhimiis t iiloshimns n|' alinill the s.iim' si/i'. ill.' nrii;iii
nl w liiih is lint known. .\ seri.'s nl lai'.;.'!' sp.'cini.iis will prnliaUly -li.uv |ii'it.'. I iiil.'i'L;i-.'i.la
tinil. Ill ihe' t iniilen spi'.iin.'ii I he .'Ve is liinl.' .iiitelini than ill til.' ntlier: ami tlii- fealiiro
I'liaiiit's all 111.' pi'np.irl inns .pI' the head. I'll.' si/.' nl' the eye is the same ill lintli; iii III t!ie
length nl' the h. 'ad. L' ill till' poslniiiilal pnitinii ill 111.' iJ.il.l.n •^p.'.'imeii i JA-li in the .ithei'i,
almnt '2^ in the sn.iiil i!!;i: iniildl.' nl' head In liiml aulerioi niaruin ol' piipi! .at anteiior

I

108

lU'M.KlIN OF TIIK irNIlKI* STATUS IISII COMMISSION.

liiiirL;iii of I'.V'i : tli'|illi III lu'inl L;rtMi.T lliiiii li'iii^tli nf si I |iliii ryi- i(lc|>lli oT lirail less ||i

Hlliilll pill- cvci; s.mIcs III' lilfil-t tdixlllr. illllMclilill loruillil isrlllcS iit' lilill-t li'y;ll lil I i

iiiiluH'.iii- 1. ii'ii iinlii'ililiil i; iiiMi'^iii- (»r loun liiii nil well niiiiiclnl, :ill ol llifin slimin il, ,

ill typiril riiliisliimil' iin;iri;ill« iil' I'lWiT lilis ;i)l liioii' illUlli.ir. xilllr nl' tin' ray-- lirilli; loll-
tiKIII ollicrsi. |)jst:iliri' III" ll"l "l'sii|iirrili:il\ llill<iill> cum 1 iVdlll lr.lll-'.iT-.i- iiiii li.'il (Midi t "
;is ;;ic,il ;|s ill I lio typiiiil foriii, Siiili iliniTi'iKi'-. wnllhl 111' nillsiili'l I'll nl' II') \ ,i I lie lar |i ii
jiosi's III' chissilicil inn in -.iii'iniii-ii- I'l-Kiii ill'' >;iiiii' rixir -> stciii. :iiiiliiiil<'i'il I miii nut iiMi i
liliil aiiv tiiii'^ililr ililti'iriii rs liilwirn >pi'riiiii'n> lim iiiin. Iiiiii; ri'iiiii the ( 'nliiiiiliia al I>i'\'
sInUr ami tlic linu :il (aluarv iir liic S i\ i 11 (iiriciit. I'lii' hniiiT spt-ciliit'ii liiis llic liarK an
Hides i|iiili' (lark, I'l'iiliT-i III' till' .s.ilcs inwaid Ihe lii'lly wliite; lielly inliielv wliiie. A !• li
dish hand alnii'.;' the lateral line. I'lie yiiinm iVoiii all Imalities air hiiiltlcil j;ia\ .

9. Catostoimis grisoiis ^ <iii:iril i. Swil'l t'lurenl. Meiliiiin' Hat, (ijii^. Oiir spi-iiinrii, llli inii

liiii;i, was taken at S'.vilt (iiriiiil. (andal as Iihil;' as head, I' in the length, h. ll. I'l
Sides til veiilral si ill a re il,i fk uiav isli. vai iiiii>ly iiMdlleil. I.nwer sill laces, w hiir. A nniii '
of spi'c iiiK lis Will- taken a! Med Icille Hal, the lali;esl 111) nini. hillU'. These smaller Sjieijin. II
can readily he disl iii;;ui>liiil In mi t '. iiihislniniin i>t' the .same si/ e liy i heir iiiiieh larger iik in iL
whleli M'ly iiineli reseinl.le-. that nt' I'lnildsttn.i. The jjixvs are jnovided with liiniiy or laii
lauiniiiH sheaths, making; tin' lesmililanee In I'liiiliislim still ;;re,ilel'.

10. Catostomiis macrocheilus (iiranl. siiamniis, Kanilniips. rnialilla. La liiaiide, ( aldwell, :i;i

Malm I'alis. I s.iw a speeies nl' this j;enii- in linriin I, .ike. lint was iiii.ihle to secure it. I
all piidialiility it "as i'. iiiiiiiiiilifilii.i, since this species was (dilaiiied a lew miles laither wi ~'

at the nil 111 III 1)1' the I 111 I let I'l' this hike. The lai;[j;cst s| i n was oht.iiiied at I, a (iiande.ji

ineasiiieil :i.s:il mm. It is i|nitc dark to lielnw the laleial line, win-re, rniiii .-i line t'rinii jn.
ahiive the upper lip Id till- hi" er part 111' the raii'lal. tin- ciiloi- alinipl l\ clianni-s ti) white. I !
pectorals. Vent laN, iiinl part nl' the anal are dusky, and .i ilii-k\ liar extends upward I'l'nin IL
h.'isenrthc pectmal. Ihe hic.il \.iriatii)ii in dnrsal rays is well niarked. .Vsido t'rnin the |h
nndivided ravs at the l)ei;i;iiiiim nt' the lin the riiys nw as I'ollows:

17

18.

I 111-

ilily.

><^

Diir.sal

riiys.
II.J

:t .

:il
1 .

l.-i*

I'-'i

1

1

:i

mi

tTiiijiIiliii

fi

1

!.;( ( ■ r:lllili-

>>

< '-|lll\X'l-ll

Malm r.ills .

1

3

'I'hese last siiecimcns .-ipprnach Ck I on I a mux miliiis.

11. Cato.stomiis conimersoni i laici pcde ■. \Vinni|ieL;, West linnnie. (jin'Appelle, Iv'enina, Mnnse .l:i

Swit'' ( 'iirienl. Maple Creek. Medicine ll.-il. ('.iliiary, I'nplar, \'eiy ahiiiid.-int ever\ w Ic

Scales, ."i.")-!;:!.

12. Moxostonia aureoluni -, l.c .•siieiir . W'liinipc.;, W'esi Imni ne. Iirandnii. I'lijilar. l.owcr lins. n

especially Ihe caudal, n d. I'. II;, in lii-. ."-iieciini-ns L'Hi niiii.. t'lnm Winnipeg;', have the !h
"> ill I he length.

13. Moxostoma ani.siinim i; ilinesiinc. Winnipeg-, r>rinilnn. I'liis species is much los alinini

;il Winnipeg; I han I he preceilin'^. The -pci iineiis mcisnic I'rniii !Hi tn L'S."» mm. Head, ll'ii
1 1. II)', iir I7(. cniintiniv ■ill tin- ray-, .\. ,'-^', . I'ppi r ciiulal In he Iil tie lime i-r than lower ii:
lai-eest s|)i-i-inieli. The lar:;i s| speciniell dilieis little rrnin nne oUt.iined at 'I'nlcdn. i 'i
Scales, li-)!lt In ll'-i'). Cnlnr liuliter than in the preceiline specie-, nn reil on the Illis.

14. Hybogiiathus placita 'iiranl. Vlmndanl ,-il rnjilir, Iml not seen elsewhere.

15. Acroclieihis alutacfiiis Agassi/ vV I'ickcrin;,'. Iniatilla. Caldwell.

16. Pimephales promelas i;aiiiiesi|ne, Wiiinipc,;. Wesilionrne, r>ranili)n. 1,111'. \p|)elle, Ii'i-l:'

Swilt ('nrreiii. .Maple ('n-ek. Meilii-inc Hat. \'ery alnindani everywhere, especially -'
lii-uiiia and Swill Cnrieiil ; le.isl so at i,iir.\|)i)(!lh;.

*A l;l|

that till

K.\i'i.oi;ATi(tN> IN \vi;sti;k.n ( anada, ktc

loy

il li'SH til :
ri'y;iilill '•
icii'd r til i<
•iiil; Imij
•:iii:il I "
111' lor |i II
not iilijc- 1.
ill al l.'i'v.
Ill' liilrU ;i!i
ijlc. A |.,!
r:i\ .

'II, I Di lull
|l. II. I"
A IllllirM

•I s)ii'rini' II
ii'm'i' iiiDiiil
niy oi- i-Mii

.il.lw.'ll. ;i;,.
'Clin' it. I

l.-lltlhTW. -■

I (Iraiidc. H

lie friiiii ::i-

white. I

'.'ii'il rrmii iL

t'lcHIl till' t"

M, Miiiisc .1:1'
t I'Vcl'V wii' ;

OWl'V lilis. ,i
lia\r till' 111

||'-;S ,'lllllllli

llcMil. :'>; i<
II iiiwi-r il
Toli'ild, «'!
liiis.

pi'll.', I.'r-i

.IH'iiiiUy ^"

17 Nfjtropis joidani l-uriiiiiaiiii A I j^'imihmiiii.

ynon/iii- iilhiiilii- I.. A 1... .\iii. Nat., I'rl"., \'*'.yi: iiiil .\. (i/'i/"/(/« .liiiilaii \. iininilopt.

\ >iii'jl'- -4111 liiiii'ii, Tii mill. Iiiii'i, iil'l liiMil ;il Mciiii iiir Hat. riii'» spt-i kh is imunI cln.m'ly

II lalicj to \'. iiKiiiiliihis ami N. Iiiliniilini, in riiliir it ililli'l's .■~I iikiii:;i,v liniii llir lattiT, ajiri'i'-
iiu in llii' ii'S|MMt Willi nut' III 'iiiH. I'si'i'ii* that il lir\> a cainlal -imt ami i> li'-s |iiiiriisi|y
-i|i >l ii'il. I'.'ii' l.iliM.il 1 1 11 1 11 111 ii'i li'>S iiiiiplit" til ri il If'i r ill ;ii\. an I ln-ttrrili'V rli>lii'il 111. ill
ill iiiiir„l,il„,. Ilc.i.i. I: i|i|illi. 1 ; l». |i ; A. > : s.alo, I-.;.'.-! : l.-i >ialr-i hi'l'iiii- till' ilni's.il;

III til, I 1,1.-'. IvMi ill' llir II- 'I II iiililv li.inki il, I 111- I u 1. iitl'is w iili 11,11 low im|i>i It'll HI iinl-
iiiy -111 I Ian • . Till' tii'l II on till' 11'.: lit siilc .ni- 1'\ iilnii iy aliiiniiiial. In iiii; .ii raimi'il in tliiri' inw -.
|-'.liiiii.!:itr I iiiii|iri'ss('il, imiir >li' iili'i' llian ln-li rnli ihk. Ilrail iiiiiili as in In limli jiin, Irss rmiv i'.\
aliiivi'. .laws <'i|ii,il: miiiitli iilili<{iii' . t lir |>i<'iiiaMliai \ nil tin' Ir^i-I or lnwi r iiiaruin nt'llie
|iii|>il. .Maxillary rNtiinlini: tn anli'iim' niar'.:iii nl' mliit. .'snout |>iiiiiii'i|, not ilcriirviil.
I\vi> o'l in lir.'iil. \\ in iiili'i m liilal. I'iii.s all small : i>ri;;iii nl' the ilinsal ii\ ir \ I'litial, rijiiiilis-
laiit lioiii li:i~i' lit' iiiiililli' laiiilai lav ^ ami iiai'i s. |ii^|ii'>l ra\ I'Nii'iiiliii;; :i littli- past I'liil nl' tlio
l.i~l I .i\ « Inn I 111' till il ili'|>iiss,.(|. i'i|ii;i| In I nail lis> snoiil : anal similar In ilnlsal, its liiL;lii'sf,
ia\ ri|il.il III ■•limit .iml i'\i': vi'iili.il i'|ii:il to liii^liisl .'ilial la\ ; |ii'i'torills Inliiji'r, ri|ilal In lirail
li'ss n|M'l ill'. S' all's I'lnsrlv ilii liriu.l I I'll . till' I \|insi'il i'il;;i'S Hllli- lli^clirr lll.lll Innj;. I.atiial
lilir ilci lir\ III. till' I II 111 s ili'\ i'ln|ii-.| nil li'ss lliail !0 sia 'is i sollir I if I linsi' ill' I In- mil 111 It' nl' till'
linily ,111 ii'iiioMil ). (ii'iiri.il rnlni -ihi'iy.tin ilisfiiirt liiaikiim.-. Nilitr.il siiilari) riitiii'ly
vvliitn. a |i|iiiiilii'ims lalrral lianil ovrrlaiil with silvrrs. A I'ark \i'rti'hral liiii' t'rniii nrripnt
111 ramlal. .'siili'N with a I'l-w ilark specks, liiir-al Hiirl'iici' iiiori' ili-nscly spcckcil, the iiiar^riiis
nl' III!' scales il.'ii ki r,

18. Notropisheterolepis Kijienmaiin A- Ilijii'iiiiiann, .\ spccinii'ii, :!.'> nun. Inuu. taken at (I'lrApjielle.

riiis sjiecies is fviilently clnst'iy rel.itel tn .V. hiliriiiliiii. .V. iiiioiieiiiii,t'lf. It ilili'erM I'loiii them
strikiii^tly in liaviny' tiiliis ijivelnpi'il in Imt mic m- twn sr,'ili'.>i of the lateral lino, while all
till' scalc^alim;.; t he lateral line nil niii' side and all Imt niie or two nil I he nl her aredei'jdy nntrheil
nil lliiii pnsleiinr iiiar^iiis. Head. I; di']ilh, l{: li,!tA; Hc,i|e8. ."i-;!,">-l ; 15 scales in Irniit of
ilnlsal. I'ei'lh fei'hli', 1-1 ; erilldiii;; him lace well di'Velopeil nil three teeth. Head siiliconical,
little cnmpri'ssid, the siinnt rimniled, little nlitiise; the lower Jaw included. Month littlo
idilii|ni'. the ]treiiiaxillary luinw the |c\cl of the Inwer niari;in nt' pupil. Maxillary almost
reai'hiiij; e.\ c. ilye larije. I in smnit, :>= in head, li, in inteiorldtal. |)ol'sal inserted i'i|Ui(lis-
laiit Iroiii liase nl' iijipur caudal rays and antcrioi niar;;iii of eye, liehind tin) last ray ot' tlio
\eiitrals. Tips of the lirst rays much piniectiiii;' heyonil tips of last when depressed, the
lonjii'St ray alioiit ci|iial tn head less snniit. .\iril similar tn dnrsal, the Innjjest ray aliont 1^
in head ; viiitials reach iiiij vent, eipial tn highest anal ray ; peel ma Is i'i|iial to leny;th of head
less ii]>ercli's. Scales Ino.sely iniliiica I cd. almost inilieddeil in front of the dorsal. Scales along
the median line il.iter.il line) with a deep iinteli near the miditle of the jinsterior margins,
the line nearly straii;;ht. A few Mack specks alnn;^ liase of anal; a dark lino aloii^' lower
iiiarf^in of tail frnai anal tn caudal. .\ dark hand from tip of .snout aloii^ the sides tu the
caudal ; on the tail the liand^iniiieides in position with the .scales ot' the lateral line. < hi tiie
liody it is jdacitd .'l little higher. A cnns]iii'iiniis Idack ciir\eil line at the base of each scile of
the lateral line. ,\ll the scales alii)\e tin- lateral hand doited with Idack. .V narrow vertehral
line I'riiiii 111 cipiit to dorsal, a liioad diisky hand nii tin hack hetweeii the dorsal and caudal,
hetween which and the lateral hand is a li'^hter h iiid. Scales of the hack with dark maruins.
Series of minute lil.ick dots alnii.: each ray of the dorsal, anal, and miter pnrtinn of pectoral ;
the dnrsal .'ind caudal i|iiile diisky.

19. Notiopi.s (MiimiUis ' reticulatus I'.ineiiiii.iiin A I'.iireiimann. lirandnii, (^ii'.Vppellc. Tliisspeciea

is closely ri'laled In .V. sjii rl ni iiiillitx. I'vililix'ii, II il ill Hi, ailil lojulil. and lll,'»\ prnve identical
with oiH'iiiihe nlher. It a])prnaches ncircst .\. jri Ininin .iiid /h/k/.k, I'lniii the fniiiier it
ilitVers cliii'll\ ill I he larger scales in fi mit of the dnrsal. and fmin the latter in t he ii. iked liieast.
Ilcail. I; depth, l-l': 1 1. !l ;, nr HI i l nr ll. SA i ; A. !i.t (". "^ ' = scales. I i.r .'"i-l! l-li or I ; 1:.'-14
scales in linn I of the dorsal ; teetli, t-l. honkeil. with evident ;;rindine sinfaie. Head pointed,
liroad ahnve aiid >liirhtly convex. Snoiir deeiirved. )iniiited. the Inwer jaw inclinled. Mniitli
oliliiine, the preiii.ivill.iiy nil ,1 level w ilh tile lower mai'ein of the pupil or somewhat lower.

*.\ lar:;i'r .si-i'ii's nt sjifi'iiiiriis iiillcii.il li» Mr. \. ,t U'lin'iiini in llic lit';iihv.ili rs nl' the licil Hi\ cr iii.iUi- i| priiliuljle
that tills s|i<'i'ii'.s i.s .V. tielii-iiiiiit.

1

Ml
II II
II
In

• lii
.l»

lol

•'M

ml

I'r

• •\
nil
niii

llO i;rLij;TiN of tiii; lmii:i) stati;s ilsii commission.

.MllTilllMV n;irliilii; ll.illl iiloiliil. I'.V" l:il';>'. i ..ii^iilcl :ll)I.V loTl!.'''!- tllilll siK.llf, It ill ||. i. (0, Rhilll

filiMliT tli;ill illl'|-.'|liil:il. ( iii._rin Ml' (li.rs:il MV.T \.|i!iiils, niiliilisliiiit lliiiii tip <il' siiniil i, ,,,

11(1111 l-i-c cij ll|i|i<|- (,iilii:il IM,\-: |iilm.>l l:i\ >r;iriii,\ i\lfll<lin« liiynllcl tip 111' lilMl U . li,

ilepn.sxil. Aii:il liiu.Ilh liiiuiil r:iy ii.H iMiiidiim p,i-l tip ol' l:i^t i;i\ wlini llir lii, j,,

.Icpn'-scil. -iiMil lusiinill .iImI iw. \i'l'ir:iU n;|.ililll,' villi, sjiulitly jiiimcl- lllilll Ihr ili;;.. ( ,

ilinl l;l\ . l'ii'tiir:iU lillii- InlimT tli:lll Ili'Mil li'Si npiTclr. ScmIc.-. fliiscly illllil Ir.lliil, lIliTNpi. 3Q, AuOKl

iii;;i> ( MiisiiliTMliU ilii|ii'r iliMii Ii'Iil; ill III'' l.iiiti-st spiTiinciis. Liiti'iiil liiii- li.nirM'il, .,, 27. Ayosi
iililf. l!r.M-t iiiiKnl -imIimI ill Whi/nhii'. A il;irli >.tri:iU I'liiiii iiii:il In r;iml.'il, low ir |. . ^

iitiiiTu i*i' l>l.iiii. A li.iil^ viTti'lilal liiH-. ii pliiiii'ii'iiii^ liiiiiil iildim till- siilcs, ;i fjini spi.i
till' li;i>i' 111' till- lainJMl iiliuut u- l;iii;i' .i- lln' pupil. A mtIi-; nl' nptits iiloiii; ciirli >iiii' nt :
I II I II', 1 1 11 111'. Ipp'-r p.irls ill' ^lilr^ IIhI till' li.irk pliil'iisi'ly spiitli'il, lllr cilni'S nt' tlli'Si'iili'N 111.,'

yix iiiu iIk' " li'ii'" P'"'' •' HI iiiilMft'il ;ippi';ii:nii'i'. I'lii' spi'ciuii-n.s I'rniii •,>ir.\)t|ii'l|c iiic diirl
t liMM I liii-i' riiiiii l!r:iiiiliiii.

20. Notiopis deliciosu.s d ilr.iiil '. I'lin'.' >pi'i'lnii'iis „[' tlii-* spnii-s wni" tMkoii .it Wliinipctr.

21. Notropi.s megalops i l.'.iliih'-'iiii' . A ihiuiImi- ui' .spi'iiiiii'ii'* itf iliis .spi'tic* wcii' (ililMiiii'il

Iti'.'iinioii. Nmio wi'Ti' M I'll I'lsi'w hill'.

22. Notiopis scopifeing i;;'.ii"iiii:inii .V I'.i'^i'iiin.iiin. Tlii^ -ipt-rii-.s i.s cviili'iitly dnst'ly rclaicii In

hn indiis, 1111111 uiilcli ll ilill'i'l's ill till' si'.iliii:^ Mini ill llM\ iiii{ :i rnlispiciioil-. ji'1-lilili k Hpiit :il"i
•IS l.ii'ni' ,i> I 111' pupil :il till' li:i-i' ill' tlh' iMiliLiI tin. N'lliiiol'olis spccjliicii-'. w I'li' iilit.'iilii'.i
Wimiipi'!.;-, I'liiiiiilnn, I'm t ',»ir.Vppi'lli'. Mii'l .\[i'ilii'iiit! II;it. Till' sprcirs is iiio--t iihiindiiiii
I'liil i^ii'.Vppi'lli' 'vlirri- till- liii'ui'-^t -pr.imi'HS I 112 mill. ) wcri' olil.iiiicil. I Iciid. I- 1 5 ( Ion !;!•-;
voHiiiii; (Irplli, !{: I'. 1'^ : A. Ii'l illn- lir-l twn r.iys iiiiiiutr, iiiiscy;iiiciilt'd. .'iiiil iiiitiniiii'ln .
si'i'lt's. (i-;!ii til \'J-l: II to I'"* ■si'iili's ill rroiif of till' doisiil; ti'i'tli. 2. 1-1,2; <j;riiiiliiiu- siiiii
vcr\ iiMiriiw. nil two ii'i'tli. I iiiiipri'-i-i'd rnsirm in, tlic dnrsal iiiid vi'iiiriil oiilliiii's ,i .^ 28. Agosi,
t'ljiially .'inliiil ; liii;lii'st point ol' liack at lii'^t dorsal r.iy. I'lcid lii'avy, coiiipiisx-ij, r Ini

alioxr; snout lilnni, iinuli iliiiirvcd. .Month sni.ill, lii tli' oliliiinc; tin' ]iii'iiia\illai'y Ini.
till' livi'l 111' till' liivM'i' margin nl' tin' jnipil: inasill.iry I'Xti'iidiiiL; to anli-rior in.'ii'i;iii of i
Kyi- lar^i'. !oni;t'r ilian snout. :! in In'ad, littlr li'--s than iiitrrorliital width. Origin of d^r-
ahoiit t'i|iiidi-t;iiit I'voiii lip of snout and lia.-i' of caudal; the hiiiJicst ray rxtciidinj;- niii
lii-yoiid tip of last w lii'ii tlii' tin is diprcssi'd. i'i|ii.il lo the Imntli of tin' head ; c.'iiidal tlii'|i
forkrd, thi' lolii's I'lpial. lonuir than lii'.nl. .\iial siinilai' lo dorsal, liiit iiiiirh lowci', !
hiyhi'st I'.iy a I mi it I'lpial to lin' lii'nd lis-; tin' snout ; vi-nlials lii'lmv thr (lor.-ial. reach in jj \ r;
])ecliirals alioiil ('i|ual to the hi'^hi'^t an.il riy. Scales clnscly iiiiliricated, loit not iiolii
deeper than loii','. Laieral line eoinplete, and each scale with a well-developed tiihe. T
line i'M'IiIn and neiitlv diciirved to almve origin of anal. .Ml .speciiiieiis, I'roiii the snial;'
'alioiil L'."iiiiin. lolii; I to the larucst, have a eolispicuons lilack spot at iht; liase of Ihe iiiiil
caudal rays, a silvery lateral liiiiil, its dorsal ni.irj;iii disf inel, its lower iii;ir;;'iii not disliii
Ciilor iitlii rui'-e varialile; tlm^e I'roni iniiddy water (licd Ix'iver at \Viiini]i<',tj) are Inii.
sihery wiih viiy little ilnsk\. the ihroniatophores heillu; not less iiniiierons, Imt contrail'
riie other exlri'Uie is fouiiil in ihe clear w.i ter of tho </ii'Aiipelle. Ill these speeiinens 111'
is a eolispicuons vcrrelir.il Uainl. and all the scales .iliove the lateral line arc most profn-'
dotted wilh lilaiK', the dots In in:,;- l,iii;cstat the niari;ins of the scales. Top of licid and ii|i 29. Hybo
pal Is of its lilies >,iinilail\ dot ted. I 'ni'sal. caudal, and npinr parl.s of )ieilorals dusky. Sp' i"

nil lis fiMiii Little Truvcisi' \\:i\ , Lake .Miihi'jan. sii'in tn icpieseiit a variety of the spM 30. Cones
aliovc di'scrilied ; the siioni is more slender, the eye pcrcepi ilily smaller, and the c.'iii II

|iediiiicle iiiore slender. Thr dillireiii e is iiiiiii' inarked in yoiiiii; e\;iiiipli.'K, the t'orni In
iiiiii'li more slender than in Kfiiiii'erii^ and I he cindal spot notaldy smaller, "

23. Notropi.s jejunns i roi'ties 1. This siiicies was foiind lo lie aliiindant at Winnipeg;, liraiidon. 31. Plat

Medicine I hit. I'he teeth are i|iiile \arialile, lieiiiLj in dilferent specjini'iis l-l; 1, 1-1,2:, <

2, 1-1.2; otherwise there is little nr no \ a rial ion. It is not nnliUcly thai some of the sji'-' ui|

ili'sriilicil as hav iiiM teeth l-l, or 1. 1-4, 2 are identical with this species. i

24. Notropis atherinoides > li'alinesinie , Wiiinipei;. Medicine Hat. I'oplar. The specimens i

Wiiiiiipci;- arc sliuhtlv dei')ier lli.ili thosi! from other localities, and all of the northern sj ft

mens have ■>li-htl\ laluer iye> and loiresjiondinul.v shorlcr slion' ' I

32. Myl

I

33. Ptycj

tf

th:

!•"■

I lev

lip

111 I

ll.ll

full

111]

).

ml
lll'l

oil

lii I

KXIM.uKA TloNS IN V\ I>ri.i;N ( ANAltA. KTC.

Ill

:i III li' 1. 20. RhiiiiclithyH dulcis « < •iiMiil . >\% ill ( iirirni , mt\ .ilnnid.nit ; Mrilicinr I lii. ii-vv ; ( 'iiIumI'V, I'l'W ;

■^iH'ill 1. rii lulii i>r fliir^iil •■Hiinli-lMiil IriHii im-i i il mipiI Iiii»c nl iinil<ili' riimlMl i.i\.-. IImiiIi. roiiiiiiuli ill

I l:i»' \^ • Itiiw li'ivrr. < iiii' >|iii'iiiifii li.'i-i M'lv iii'hIi l.iiijir liii-* ili:iii till- oilier*, the ]i<Ti(ir.i| (|iiiii' riaih-

II 'I"' liii iiij; till' .•iiijil. Also in lioi siil|iliiir -|i;iiii;s, I'.iuiiK mm > MliiiMliiiil . I'i>|ihii. mi' >|ii tiiimu.
ill'' liin' ' I r.iiu. .iIiiiiiiImiiI.

ilii'c\|H. 20, AtoHJa iiubiln iiiir:ml\ liliilm IVills, .ii.Miiil.uit.

■iii'vftl. c ..1 27. At;<)Hia filGiita i<iu>i"""iii A ili'^ciniiiiiiii. Aliiiinliiiit in llii- lioNc Iflvor iit ('mIiIvm-II. Iilii1ii>;

Iiiwcr jir,'
r.iiiil .s|i(ii

-illc 111' I

scMlrsl.l;,.
li- ;ii'(' (lull

"I

I vMp ^I'ciliiiiMis iroiii I iri.'il illii. In I 111 liilliiu iim' (lc-irii|itiiiti till' <liit<-iii)'iil> mill linmo '^i\ en in
|i:iiiMiilii->.-s n I'lM Id I. iiiihil,!. I |i;iil, :i - 1 , T - 1 1 1 : ilfjii li, I •.'.[ ( I- 1 ( I ; I >. ll'.iS'-ilii: A.
"•m7i -'4 ,1. S( ilis..".;; lio i.'iH-dT i I'ciili. I. I-I, Imt.'. I'loiiLiiiti', slnnli r. Iitail 1oii;;it tlmii lit
niihilii, r.v MiU'li Liryr I liiii In iinhiln. ■.\\„>nt l- in .■«iiiiiii, :H-I j in IumiI in l.iri;i'r>|i»iiiiicii-<.
Till' lii'iiil lu'iiiii liiiiiifl' till- |ir(>|iiii-liiinal iiiiiiiIhts do not ililVrC I'loin thosr nl' inihiln. Si aii's iiinrli
i;ii i;ir llriii in "ii/ii/d, ritmiil lli.'iiiiivi- f !n' l.iU'r.ii liiii- • 1 I \n inihila K hois.il usually inscilril
iliiiril; ciMT till' oiiy^iii 111' ; III' \ iiilr.iN. the tin 1;iil:i'. ii< Mntrrim' ra,\ s |iiiilonyiil. ( iiinin of
ilnis;)! i'>|iiiilislant I'liiin liii-^i' urniiilillr r.iinlal rM> >aiiil Irniii naris. I ainhil ili'v^ply riirkiii, tin-
lo Ill's Mi'iiti'. :> to :i ' In I lie Irii'^ili. \ii;il \ I'lv ol>lii|iii lv trniir:iii'. till' anti'iior i';iys \ ny lii^iii,
H-H (."i-rii ) in I 111- liiiyiii. \ rill r;iU ,ilu :i\ s niipi'i- |io>lt'riipr in |iii>iliiin lliaii in /mi/k/ii, alimit
(■i'|ilillisi:int riiiiii li:i-(i III liiiililii- raliiliil l.iy-- ami iViilil liair*, tlirir tips cxIrllilillLr In or past
iiililiili "iT lia^c (p( anal Ij .'i .".-li in I In- liiii;! Ii irailiin^ In M'IiI , very rari'ly to in i:;in iil' anal ).
I'l'ilciiaU nut fcai'liiii;; Vriiliais. A ilaik liainl t'l 1 1' w a n 1 tVniii t'.M': liark. lateral lianil Maiirly
i'\ idi'iii : >ih i'v\ lii'low ; sides and liark with nnineron-. irrennlar, 'a ell-deliiied liloielies. Anal
and siiiiietiniiM \ eiilraN w illi a diisky sjmi near Uase in Inint. hoisal and eaiidal laiiilly
I'll ill led : eriinson sih.Im <.n in nidi I de. axil nf \ enirals, and alnnn' liase of anal. ' I'late li. )
iillines ai"' 28. Agosia falcata shiiswap r.iecMiiiiaiin A l-liveiiniaiin. Tlils variety seeiii.s well I'staldislied liy

Iilalned

■elated to
k spot all'
' olitaine'i
aliiindant

I '. 1 loll'ie^:

iinlii'.'inelii'i:

lllille' Slll'l:i

liiiir s|ii einii'iis I'loni Slinsliwap I. .ike at .'sii annuls. !l Is iml at all iinprnlialile, lio\M'\er,
tliat Inlernradal ions will lie round. l lie spei inieiis dilVei iiiiisiantly in llic iimre posleiior
pnsitioli id' tlie dorsal and \elilrals; ofliervN ise tliele is no liirierenre of any note. Head,
:S»-r,; depth. 1-li: 1>. llU-11.1; .V. !IA. .Scales. in-.V.-M. I'l-elh. 1, I-I. 1' ill t wo .s|M'ciinen.s ;
;}, I I, 1 in aiioihev: atid 2, I-I. li in the dnii ill. Iliad puliiicd. the siiont se.irrcly pi'n.ieetiiif^
lieynnd the inoiith. l!ye laiije. ei|nidisl.iiit I'li'in lip id' sinnil and I'loin iiiiper aiiule of eill-
iipeniiie, the orliil alioiil ei|iial to llin snout, •^■•'j m ''i'' lii:id. horsal inserted direrlly over
iiii'^in 111' veiitrals, CI] lidislaiit Ci iiiii iiase of middle eainlal ra\s andl'ioin iiosterior half of
eye. Its lil'sl I w o develiijied Ia\ s elongate. I lie nial'uin <il' the lill stiollels loneave. lli;;ll<'Mt
dorsal layecpial In distaili e iVoiii tip of sliiiill In upper aimle of opeiele. Caildal Imii;. derjiLy
fiiiki'd. the Inhes liiiidy pointed, the niiddle ia.\ s half as loiii; as tile lolios, at least as loii^ art
the head. .^1 1 inline o I' anal similar to that of dor-al. \'eiilral.s iiisei led ii|iiiilisl.'inl lie t ween
hase of jiiiddle eaiidal ra\ s and poslei ier li.ill' of eye. iioinled. eMendliii;- to iniddltMif hase of
anal. ei|ii.il In head li'>s iipei lie. I'eelorals less puinieil than the other liiis. as lone- as head
lira 111 tie shorter. Liuhl hrown with nnnieions welldeli nd Idntches, a dark hand finiii lip
111' Miiiiit to hase of eaiidal. All llie liiis w llli dark )ioin',s ahiiie- the rays eolleeted In phiees.
ifivitiii the liiis a faintly inollied appe.iraiiei'.
lead and III' 29. Hybopsis storeriaim.s ( Kirtl.ind i. A iiiiinhei' oi small ^peilmeiis ironi \\ inniiiee are prnhaldy to
diiskv. Si" '"' relerred to this speeies.

of tliesp'' 30. Couesius dissiinilis • I iiraril I. \ei y alninilanr at Swift ( iirieiit. Medieine Hat. ( aleiiry. l'o]ilar.
111(1 the e:iii' The -peeinietis iVnm Mediriiie ll.itaiid lioin I'liidar are ijiiili' li^hl in eulnr. Tho^e finiii ( al-

tlie form hi tfiirv and Imiii .•*« ill ( ii.'ii'iil ate d'.iikir. llie lateral hand lieiii'^ well dellned. .•scales .ilonijj

Ihe lateral line '<s-{\:>.
', Krandoii. 31. Plalygobio gracili.s i;iihaid>oii . (raii;. I'l'pl.'ir, rirandini. Medieine Hat. I'hls species is
• 1. I-I. "J: cxlreinely aiiiindatit in the Missmiii 1,'ivi r at ( raiu. ami In ils trlliiilai\. I'oplar Creek. X

e of lliesn'' nnnilier \< ere olitaliied with hook and line iiilhemiin slreani at Cr.iiu;. where the rmrent

is too swift fur seining. In I he ~liiii::h at the same phn e imni' were seen, (hie was o1 it. lined
siiecimcns h "' ricnidnn, and I w.is tidd thai it is ahniidant at tli.it place. 'I'lieir projectiiin- snout .ind

northern •")■ frosnd silvery cnlm make them a slilkinn species. The larj;est ohtaincd measures L'O inin.

riiere is a dusky verlelnal hand and a hinwii laler.il one.

32. Mylocheilus cauiiniis i IMehaiiNnn .. Mission. Kamloops. Sieanioiis. h'cvelsloke, tJoldcn, ,ind

rinatilla.

33. Ptychocheilus oregoiiensis ^ K'n hardsonl. Kamlnnps. Sicamnns, I'liiatilla. I. a (iraiide. .ind

laldwell. li eth usually _'. I-I.:.'. Horsal with nliii' well-develiiiied rays il, HI).

npresscd. i
ixillary h, 1.

iiarLiin of i ■
li'^in of di'i'-

telldili;; liiii

caudal dci']i
nil lower. :
rcachiiii^ \ r;
it not noi;il
I'll tnhc. I
11 the .Sllial:
' of the mil!
II not distill
("i;) are hil.
lilt contrail,
lieciincns II'
most profii

112

ML'LMiri.N OF Tin: rMTKl) STAI'MS I'lslI COMMFSSK >X.

N..

I

;i
4

li

f
II
III
II
r.'
I':
It
1."
HI

In
lit
■jii
■ji

•22

■S-i

•u

'2't

2H

I

• I havK IV..,

LeuciscuH iiml RichaidMonius. I'ln' ;;i'iiir-> i;ii IhiiiIkohiii^ \\:\> |irii|iii^i'i| li\ (liiai-il in IK'h.
was s.'iiil to liiiir Miiiii- ri'Minlihiiiii' In .Vi/zifi/iii". riniii wliirli it iniilil " lit' <li)«lili^ill.s|iril I,

Hii til I'll::)' III' till' ili'iil;il ri>l;;i' iiinl tin' Imi;; aiiiil, tnui't lii-r w illi iIh' ]m riiliai' jio'.iliiiii ■ i i

lal Irr ill ■■ I'l I'l lirr tc liir iliilsal. 11 1 1' <l<ir>al i> al.sii liinrll 1 1 rr | it r I liaii jnlii:. w liirji i- iii.i '
till' ra>i' IN >7"(///((v. " S|ii rii-. ili-rii\ iiiil >iii(r (liraiil's ili'M rijil lull wa.s wiitiiii jiavr > ,..,
Ilial nil ^iicli ililli'r(iiri'> liilwrrli .S'/zik/iki i /.< h(is< hi i ami /.'iiliiirilxDiiiiin v\i-.( , IM. (iii.i
rlasMil liii'iinlv I wii MprricH 111' llnKi'im^ l:irliiirilsii)iiii» wilii lil> .l/«'((Hiifi. rlianntcri/i'ii li\
I'liili^Mti' anal anil <'iini|iri "->ril Miitial I'iil;;!' lu'liiinl tlir vi'iilraJH. .Junliiii ami < iillK't t .
M'|iaratril till' ;;i'lins HichinilHniini^ rinin liiiiiiiiin, itr.. nil llic liasif* iif tlir i'ii||i|iri'HM'il Vi ;
riil^'r ami r|iin;:ali' anal. I liavr csaiiiiliril a m'I.v lar;:r sci Ii'n (il's|i*'fiiiii'ii.s ami Iiml tli.ii
M'litial liii;;!' is \ I TV varialilr. r '.iails with a-i , ami i> iil' no wm tli wliati'M'T lii si').;i
Hiiliiii ■Ikiii.iiii i'vi'ii siilmi'M'iirallv 1111111 l.i Hi 'i>iii». In nm siiriiiiH'ii, \Nliirli nii;ilit havi's.i
(Jiiaiil's art i(*l « In'ii lif di .-w I! . Imlli iiliis. I In ri' is i lir intifst \ rst i'^f iil' a \ i-nlial ritl;:i'.

riilj;i' SI s lust ili'Vrlii|it'il ill s|iiTiiiiins aliiiiil nniliiini si/c i "."i nini. i. Thr clniiai'trfs silc .

Ill si'|ia rail' till' spfrirs III' till' nlil i;i'niis l.'iihiird^diiiiix I'll nil t-arli iil Ini' .sicni mi imirr Inrt iii
N'l'illnl' t III- t I'l 'ill mil' till' .scali'S arr nl' an,\ \ aliir w iiatr\ rr in I his ri'S|ii'rl, Tln' anal tin ,-
mi ini'ans an iilisnliili' unlili'. as will In' .hi in latii. In lai't.l Itavr Ik-i'Ii iiiiaMr In iIiI.
.sin-ilf I'h.'irartrr wliiili will alw.ivs ,si'|iai'atr tin' tun tinins. cacli nl' wlilrli Is vaiialilt' m
I'Xtri'inr. All tIniMr sjircii'S nl' l.iiiiiniiiK with imiiasi'il iininin r nl anal ra\N, iiidiiIiiiiiix, hi
/ililor, jlilli, lull till I IIH, ,'iinl hiliidlis may lit' ilansi'il nmU'i' thi' Hiilint'inTir iniim- /iii linrilim,
I liiiil ill ('\aiiiiiiin)r 1 1 siiiiimrns ul' l.iiuisiiix ituniluiiiix, rnllrrtt'il liv .Ionian ai ri'o\ii. t
in sonic till- vi'iitial inl^i' is miii'li iiinrr ili'\ I'lnpiil ilian in typical specimens nl' /'ichiiiili-iin
The anal rays arc: L'.'^witli IL'A ; iL'with \:>\: 1 with lU.

34. Lenciscus atiaiius ((Jiranh. This specns is i|nilc alnimlaiit in tin; .**nake liiver ai lilalio I f EnnM'i.Iti',

It rcaililv takes the hook. The lateral line is not developcil until late in life; in sperm tAnlerinrt.
..Ill ,■ 1 1 ^ i- I 9 Bqiililisiai

1! lliclics Innif tilt) ] lores ale lorincil on Init lew scale... (1 Eqiiiilmlui

35. Leuciscua hydrophlox (Cope). Aliiiinlant in the .'^miUe Kixi'i' at It, I'l.i Fall.s. 'I'iie anal ia\-

a iininliur nf specimens exainincil vary I'rnin 12} to IIU Two .Hpeciiiiens have 1:.'', i
rnnrteeii liavc llt^, anil four have IIU 'i'lic ilor.sal ra.v.s vary I'min 11)^ to llA, iiiwl the Heal i
the lateral line I'roni 51 in ."iX. Therti is |ii'esent a sliu'lit iiieiliaii keel lieliiiiil the Venn
These spci'iinens aniie very iliisily with specimens nl' /,. iiiinilaiiiix eollecleil liy .lonl.i
I'i'ovii, Utah, except tliat a larger iiercenta^i' ha\e i:t ami II anal ravs, ami a Hinaller ]m'i,
ay;e hiivt* 11' rays.

36. LeuciscuB balteatus ( Uichanlson i.
(ojiiiinm { .Ihriiiiiix) IiiiIIkiIiih li'ichai'ilsnn. l-'aniia I'mr. Aiiier.. Ill, ItOl, IH!!!!; Storer. .Synopsis I

.v. A., Hid, IKIil.

J;i(liiirilxoiiiiix hallciiliix (ih-.n-il. I'rnc. Aeail. Nat. Sei. I'liila., viii. 1. *;.">( i, 1'(I2; id., I'. S. 1'. I{. KM
iV .Surveys. X, 27X, pi. i.x. li^js. 1-1, isyj ( Fnrt Italics, ((icm,, j'tji-t Vancouver, ( »rejf. N : |!,
I'roe. r. S.Nat. ^iIls. IKSJ, <i:! ((Jariisnn Cicek. Wash.); .Ionian iV Uilliert, Syn. Fish. N
iTiI, IXS'J (Cnliiniliia l.'iver and iinrtliwanl i ; .Ionian, Cat, Fish. N. A., ;{:<, IW.").

Abniiiiis ( llliriii) hiilliiihix (Jiinthei', (at. I'ish. ]?rit. Mii«., vii, ;!(i!t, lS(i8.

of thisspccies 1 oliiaincil t wo iini|iicstinii.'il»le specimens at Kanilon])s, Tht^e i.s a ili>l
iiiedi.'iii ridnc liehiml the \cntrals, and the anal has L'OA and UL'.l (II, l^'.l-L't).* ) ra.ys. Tcci
5—1, 2. At Mission this species is almnilant, the lar^^est individmils nieasiirini^ 110 nini
the liirijcr siiceiimns tin- iiii>t ventral iicil is very vnrialile and rrei|iit'ntly imt at all '!■
fiuishalile ; it is liest dcvelojicil in niciliuin-sizeil specimens 'HO inin.). Tln^ teeth iiri' n-;
'J, 'i-\. 'J. when mnnially developed. <»t' these, tlie anterior tooth on the left is thicki r
shorter th;in the otlnrs, liauLicr-shMped. ami rcniole frnni llieni. I have maile detailed 1 1^
and measnicinents nf ii\ cr I'll specimens, and lia\ i conn ted the rays of all the rest. Tic
rays are as follows: III', in t wo s|ieciini'ns; )7i in seven; 18A i;i thirteen; I'.H in twent\ :
20A in ci;;hteen ; L'l ( in eijiht ; 2l" in t wn; 'SA\ in two; 2\\ in two. The usual niinilier, tin'
1!M nr L'O.J. riie tlorsai \aricsl'rom 11U1;>1. I have fniinil iin ciinlinatinn of variation- «
ever. Fach character varies imlc|>ciiilciitly. The Kcales \ary i'rnm II to V,i-Xi to (i:! ■'<
.Vccnri.in.ii' to the Mission specimens the nnrinal iiuiiilier nf anal rays is l!ti or 20i, aii,
viiriati )u is three nr four r.ivs in both directions.

ele^
spt;i

37. Leucis

nil

Tl

i»'|

spf

is)

wJ

nil
ml

-'«;

ill \H',i
j-li.'<l I.
-itiiiii I r '

I ll is iii'l :
llMVC M."

\>r. Uiliii'
(■ii/«'il li\
I i.illifii .

I h-lll \ . ;

lillil III M
r III si'|.;r
t li;i\c •«. I

rid;;!'.

i-tcl'H sill .

ire I'dit i;i

:iii:il I'm -

ill' III ill tr

viil'iiilil

oliliiinin, /'./

ill I'lllMi. I

I'icliiinl-iii:
;il lililllO !':(

■; ill speiiiii'

'he iiiial i.iv
liiivc !-'■ 1
lul tln^ Miiili-

ll till' villi]

(I liy ,Ioiil;r
Hlllilllcr ]irlH

i<

Ni..

I

•I

;i
4

K
III
11
ll'

u

i:.
i>i

u
lit

KMM.uKATIoNft IN WK.STEUN CANADA. ETC. 113

Tlir riilliiwiii^ tiililf ^ivcH :lir iiiiM-iii'i-iiii'iils :iiii| HiiiiH' iitlii'i' viiriat iiiii.'* riiiiiiil iiiiiiiiii; tllA
riiiiriis III /.iiiti'iiit liiilhalim Iriiiii .Mi>>iiiii:

SruliH. Ti-illl. llrplll '!"7"J"!1 ?*"•''
■ III iliirM.il

Lnh-lll

Dim

Anil

III IIIMI.

*,il.

Ull

IH

I-*

lUi'

\:\

•.'H

III)

i;!i

im

lil.'i

jii',

liiil

I'.'*

lit'

Hi

ijj

1"^

1)1

ii«

ii;f

'ri

in

It*

1-*

'••»

!IJ

l-'J

'•■4

lirj

1-'^

•.;ii»

H7

1-^

■i»S

"ti

\:S

-.'in

sv.

i-'i

■:■«,

Ml

\\k

:!iA

»'.

ijii

I'i

in)

i^S

I'i

.^H

IP,

17i

7 (

IJA

17^

-1

1-'^

HH

•1

12!,

:'.v\

■>ll

i:a

•-•p.

71

11}

iti»

till

l:u

-'i

l\A

l:i*

-♦*

(ii

'-!

j;(i

Uriiiark-i.

r.' .'ilt-ll

II vi :.

I'J IHl 11
IJ 'IH li

ll-'.7 tl
I. 'till li

i:' .'.7 ".
I -J >-tl
ij m-ti
i-j-iii ll
III.-.' II

III ,'.!l-ti

n-v.t 7

IJ til 7

ij-iii ti
i:i v.i 7
l;l-ri« 7
11 -im 7

i;i-iii 7

i:; .■>K-7

til

:j.:i-4. 1
■.'. :. -» 2
•.>. •-4. i

.L. 4-4. 2
•-'. ^-i 2

•J 4 :i. 1
•.'. r.^. 1
2. :■ 4. 2
2 .". 4. I
•.'.'•-4 2

1 :i-i.2

2,.". 4 1

2, :> 4. 1

2 .". 4 I
2 .'.4 2
2 :. I. 2
2 :. 4. 2
2. ■p».2
2. .".J, 2

2. .'.-4.2
2. ■"■-4. 2

^1

•'I

H

■n

It)

'l*
(III

(III

(•i

<;'

III)
(III
(t|)

'*'

(fi
(III
(»)
&i

(:\)
ill

(It
til

(II)
(III

Ki'fl siiiiii'ly I'Viili'lll.
MimHiiii kill Hriini'h iviiliiit.
Mriliali kill iii<ii|i<nil<'

Mi'lll.lll kl-l>l will l|l'Vl'ill|ICll.

K'tI i\ pii III.
Ki*. ! miMliTiilf.
Kii I 1 \iili'ii(,
. K'll ilisliiii I.

Kill will ili'vi'|ii|i('il.

. Kii 1 IV|iir;ll

j Kill nilli|.M'li.|M'il.

■ Kri'l lllnilciall'.

' Ki-l'l M I'll lIl'V rUlplMJ.

Ki'i'l nil iiiiiif than in iifuttnnuf.
' Kill iliitiinl
' Ki ll i>\ iili'iil.

Ki-rl innili'l'all*.

Kill l\ jiiial.
Ki'rl wi'll il|.\ i-]o|ti-il.
. _ Ull.

Kt'i'l iniiiU-rutr.
I>...
li.i.
. Kill 1 . iili-nl

• Ihavi< IV ■■iiiMiitly ciIkim vn'l i!iat tliu larni -"t iii'liviiliiiU aii'mn 111'' iniiiii'nv< ii-iiully lia\ .• a'liiur.ii i) niiiiiliii i nl' tiiili.

t BqiiiiU-'tiint rriiiii liasi' .i!' iniilillv r iinlal ravs aiil i |i liiit almvi* iiiiilillr ul ]> i| il.

■' ABtorim t'liilli (ll niiin r^i'v mi li'li siilr Ia 1.ii_'i'. ilax^iT ->li ip 'I. ami niii iln !'• mi tl. • iir,ii'r<. a'll p liiin iiiw.uil.

Hquiilisiani I't'iini lia.sc iif iiiiiMlii rainlal r.i> s iniil ii|i|ii'r ani^ln uf )iriMi|iiTi'li*.

BquiiliHlant ri'iiiii li.i.w 111 iiiiililli' rainlal r.iv-t anil |iii->ti'i'iiii' iiiiiri;iu uf cyi'.

Ki'siclDs till- iibi'vi- tlioi'i' ari- fniir with 17.^ and rays; rifvi-u with ixi; twoiilv with I'Ji;
t^lovfu witli 20\; livf with :.'li: on- witli 'JJi; una witii 2.i\. Tlio lar;;fst iniiiihiT ot
.s|i('.riiiieiis with iiirrt'as.'il anal rays wi'if siiiall iiulividiials, jihout Til mm. 1'in;^.

37. Leuciaciis balteatiis lateralis .(Jiruiili. Tlif sperimnis of this siilisin-fii-s iVom Ihc (liilereiit
lociiliti«-8 will be cousidfrcd .separately.

1. Sicitmoiin. A iimnhrriif tho spi'i-iinciis contain lari^i- ii.ir.isitic wnniis. i;i;,'lit spi'i'iiiieus
examiiiril show the t'ollowin;; mi'iisiirt'iui'iits:

, Synopsis

No. I.tii;:tli. Itoria! Anal. ."Sralps. Tri'tl.. I'o.^i(iiiii of ilorsiil. ' Ufptli.

. s. r. im;.i

, OrcK. ?i: I"
Svn. Fish. N

'hiTc is!i (li>i
rays. Ti ii
inn; Ml) nun
lot at all 'M-
t.ofth arr li-
ft is thirki 1
1? dclailt'il 1 1
(■ rrsl. 'I'll'
H in I went \
niiitihi'i'. I ll'
■ variation- "

.i-."i;) to ti:'. ■'!

i, or 20*. nil''

;i2
till

I2\
12i
I2\
12.5
12.*
12*
12*
12*

Hi*
14*
17*

ii'.S

18*

Hi.*

17*

lUil.i-fi

ii-r>2-t!

14-(i2 7
12-ti'i-"i

III (i2 ri

11-liiMi
11-'>!I ■)
11 (Jl

.4-1. I
.5 4. 2
. ."1-4. 2

. :■ 4

.-) ,").:!
. .'1-4. I
. ■>-4. 2
,5-4.1

Ki'il inilistiiii't (•

|ti

i:i

Ci

i—

4

4*

4

I.

' Ei|iiiilistaut I'lmii Imxu >it' iniilille I'lmilal rays iiiiil uppi'r aii:;li' i>l |ii'i'Ii|iiti'Ii'.
I Ki|iilili..^t:iiit t'riiin liasi- iil' iiillilli- caiiilal rays ami a puint ab ivr iiinlilli' ii' ptiinl,
' Ki|iiiili>taiit Iroiii luisi- ul' iiiidilli' caiulal niys ami ut'ilinit.

I'll!' tola! iiiiinlii'r of spi-i'iniL'iis (.■olliH-ttiil at .Sicaiiiiins w.is .'i'^. Thry havn tht; followiur;
niiiiihi'r of anal rays: 1 has 11*; I! have l.'ii; 1:5 have 1(J;. ; 2.Sli:ivol7*; ShiivelS*; ."j hiiv(> l:ti.
'I'lii'si' ^incimi'us are a little more roliiist than those froni Mission an. I ar.' certainly more elou-
jiate, the (li-pth in a niiiii'ier of th'in lieiii.; •''i-l| in the ieiiL'tli. I'liey are iiiorti coarsely and
prnfiisely piini'late. Tliere is a coiispiciions lilimk lateral li.iinl. almve which there is in some
specimens a narrow liirlit line aUovc which there is another darker shade. The ventral keel
is niiideratiiy developed. In ail the normal pharyii'^eals e\aiiiined t'le tei-th in tlie main row
were o-l. In one case the ti'i-tll are 2, Ti-."', :! wliii-h miy he a ca-^e of reversion. Tiiis is
iini|iiiistionahly t'ae sperie> ii;;iived by (Jirard as /,'. Inh'rdlis. Tiie averai^o si/eof liic s|ieL'i-
mcns is .smaller than tiiat ul' hulttalui.

V. c. r. 1SSI4-S

114 IU'LLKTIN OF TIIF, UNITi:!) STATES I'ISM COMMISSION.

L'. SptM'iiiiciis from <liitiin l.dkr, iiUo iiinloiilitiilly IhIiiuHh, arc Hiiiiiliir ti> llmsr u^^ Blodoii
Sic.iiiiiiMis ill color mill proportiiiiis, liniiij^ iirolmWiy sli;;lilly iiii>ri> roiiiiir»«M.sc«l itinl 'I"i|q, Cterego

M;iii\ s| iiiiciis of tliii ;:i'iiiis iir« l>rij;lit sciiltt on tin- hIiIi"*. TIkti' with tiiki'ii in (.| ,.,.,,

Liikf II >»pi-fiTiifiis Willi iiiiiil ni.VM ;is follow?*: :t wiili lU; 7 with l.">J; :i with Kil; 1 witli i „, ,

75 iiiiii. or less in li-n«ili. TIim tectli in Ilio main row uii' in all Imt one doiilitfiil rase, ." i ,j, ,

;t. Two spiciiiKiiH from Kniiilmtiin liavi- tlio kirl motlcniti'lv ilt'Vilopcil, tint tt'tith !•, ". ^^^^^^

ami •-', T)-:!. L'; tin- anal rays. 17^ ami \M. |,l ,,

I, Oil"" Mpcfiiiiiii from AVr/7W»Ac lias tfclli L', .">-l, l; anal, !.">*; dipili I in l.nutli. ^ rforegoi

,">. (lolilfii. The |i'>sitioii of the ilorsal liii ilorfl not vary matrrially in aiis of the upccii; (y,,||

<>iiiimfrat*'il aliovi'. imr in ImUeiihiH. In all tlio Hpcciiiieiis e\aniiiu>il this tin was «><|niili>;
from 1ia?<i' of miililli> ramlal ami trom a point from alioM- tin- niiilillt* of tin' ryr to ni'inh
ocripnt. At (iolilcn I olitaim-il a niimlirr of Hporinirns in wliich tlnri' is very j;reat vaii.i
ill this point. Till- (lorNul is ciiiiiilistant from liase of iniilillt> camlal rayH ami from posti-
m.arnin of till- cyi' in omM'xtri'iiH' and from lit'liiml tin' ocripnt in tlm otlii-r. Tlio spci iin
livini; in a milky liviT insteii 1 of a ilrar lake, as those at Sii'iimoiis, aii' iiiiich lijihtcr ami i
iiniforni in color. The avcniijc nnnilicr of iinal rays is h'ss than in the ."^icainoiis spceinii i;.
niav he seen from the fnllowiir^ tahh' :

Mmsiiit mini III' iiiiiiiiiciiM I'ruM the Ciiliimhiii Jiifirat tioldiii, Jlrilixli Ciiliimbia.

I!i'niiiik'<.

I No. I.fiiitlh. Der-il. An;il.

III.'.

I'l'i'lli. Ili'pth. IIi'iiil.

I'lisilliiii

iil'ilia "III

llepi
littl
IcilK

in 1 1
horn
thnii
in tl

:2. Onoorh:
Htiiki
hi rut

3. Balmo i
Craii

1

11. '>

i:'.

.1

1U4

in

;i

lii:i

11.^

4

|i):l

11.'.

5

11. 't

IJ,'.

li

'.I'.'

II'.

7

!t|

l:;'.

H

".1

11.',

!l

^-1

l--'k

111

,*"J

11'.

II

*.\

II',

IJ

~*

II

i;i

:.!

l;.'i

u

7 J

III'.

1.-.

i;s

lU

I'i

117

i-Ji

17

ii.'i

ii".

H

I'.J

II'.

]:,\ i:'-n:;-ii j. .•.-i. i • :;j

mi lu-iil .' 'J. .'i 4. I 4

l-<\ III .">."i-.'i L". ■) 4. .' 4

17* 12 5'J ' 'J, 4-.'., -J . 4!

i:A .'.li 1.5-4, 1 I 4

I.-.; ' 4.',

I7,i .'17 ■.'. 4-3,2 I :ij

US 4

Hi': ' 4i,

li'>\ ' 4',

>"i i :'.;

'•■^ n

\:>}, ! 4

(u ' : 4

i7^ :!'

i:<\ 4

17\ 4'

n
ii

*\
*\

I!
4!
4.'

n

4

i )

ih
I I
r)
i:)
'!>
i:>

I) I
>■)
rj
I :i

Kill nil.
Kri'l cvlili'iit.
1)1..

Ho.

Ki'il well mm Lt'il
Kiel « ill ili'vrliiiii'il.
Iviel nil.

Kiel wi llilevi'lii|ii'il.
Keel Miinely iviileiit.
ICiel eviileiit

Keel e\ lilclil
Keel «ell ilevrliipeil.
Keel motlrlllle.
Keel welldi'Vi'loppil.

Ho.

Keel slioiii;.
Do.

Kiliiiill.tlaiit I'roiii liii.si> ol'uiiiMle imiuImI r.ivs aiiil o(;ei|iiit lini;iiifiln;; of sonleil r«i;ion). |

t Ilorsal nearer liase (il'inlilille laiiilal rays Ilian iiril|iiit. *

; Kipiiilistaiit t'roiii liaie el' iniililli' ramlal r.ivsiiinl iipiier Miiule iir|ireii|ii>rile.
' Kiiiii'liHlanf Innii lia.(i- el' niiilille camlal r.iN^^aml iio>teriiir marjiin nl'iye.

I'lie dorsal in this lot has one or two .sjiines.

Twcnry-tiiree specimens taken at I. a (iramle, in tho (Jraml liomle Kiver, vary from:.
lU8nini. in h'ii'.fth. Two have anal rays ll.i; six have 1.").;; eleven, lii} ; four, 17]. I'l
H!-l; teeth til one specimen e\amimiil. l', ."i-l, 2; jieneral color ilark, markinus well (leliiii

Tliirty-thrce sii'cimens from lioise Kiver at t'ahlwell show the ;nreatest variation in
rays without any o'leat specialization in one niimher. They aro as follows: one witli
two with l.')}; si\ with Iiij ; seven with 17.V: eioht with 181; seven with 10.< ; two with.
auil one witli L'li. Thi'se specimens are rather Hat ami deep (depth '.if, to '.i'i), a]niroiicliiii.
htiUrahiH in this respect as well as in the niimher of anal rays. They are rather jiale in >
with the markinj^s not distinct. .Some of these .specimcn.s may lielon;j more jiropeil
hiilliiihi.s, hilt I am not aUlo to detect any dili'erences save those nicntionud. The venlral
ill most of tlicsoi siiceiiiicns is no mons evident than in specimens of L. mDiitaniin.

Of nine specimens from rniatilla. Orejj., two have the anal rays l'\. four have l.-^
three, 2ill.
3B. Hiodou alosoides ( italinesi|iieK (inldiiji. Poplar, ahnndant ; I >. 11'^ or 12.^, coiiiitiiiK all i
lateral line alioiit (id; depth, ;U to ;W. Thi.s species is very ahnndant in the \WA K'iv.
\Viiiiiipe!i; the larijest s|ieeimeii seen measured 370 nun.; head, 4.i-."> in larojest speiii
I li-IA. insmaller. L':!0 mm. i; depth ahontlV. It. Hi; .\.;51-:{7; lateral line, (il. This -|.
ia here dried for the market; also taken at Hrandon and reported to me at .Medieini; llai ..

the I

'- be e>

ill ci

lir.'iii

The
]iriili;
tho-i
and I

4. Thymall

Hcale
ill tl
illellf
dill.-

5. SalveliiJ

Kpec

mil]
lai-.|

The
thosi

arc

Bpotj
to I'
Bpoll

in ij

.■we I

Bnia|
at

Bpe'

Bpei

teetl
froiil
and

few!

KXI»[.»>KATI<»NS IN WI'.sTKHV <ANAI>A, KTC

115

II llllisr It

I anil il>i{

II ill •■I

', ; I with '

' r:i.-«', ." I
tirtll •-'. ■■

IlK'tll.
tlir Hprciii,
IS «>i|lli(li>;
to lU'ill'h
It'llt Mil I.I
lllll\ jMl^ll

'I'lio Bprciiii
liter ami i'

S N|>frili|i||.

KlmI.

l(>lll'll.

I'||I|M'|I.

fvlileiit.

'rinpi'il.

I*.

I'lopeil.

n).

, vary iVdin
)iir, 17. U I''

S Wl'll (Iflilll

variation in
,'s: Olio ■wiili
I, ; two with
I, a))|iroa('inii
rlicr pale in ■
iioro propi'il
Till' v*'iilr!il
mils.
our have In

M>lllltill}r :|ll

h.' Kcd K'iv
iirj-est N|)i( I
()1. Tliis -I
lediciiit' Hilt

19. Blodon tergiAUH l.c Sueur. \Viiiiii|i)"^, Krainlon.

M)> OoreKoiuin williamsoiil liiranl. I'liis xiinieH is i'\tri>iiiely aliiiiulanr in tlir MirtHoiiri liivr nt,
( i^i^. It Wat a Nil I a l^ I'll at lilalm I 'alls in tlir Mia l\i' lti\ i-r, at I. a i iraii<l<> in tlir lira nil l>i>iiilt>;
at iiolilrii, lilr\ rUt'ikr. anil rinatlllii in tlir ( iilnniliia li'ivrr; at (alilwi-ll in llir Hoixr Kivrr:
ul ( iil^aiv anil It.iiil) in llir How liivn, whrrr it i.s rallril ^riiN liuK, anil at Siriiinnu.s in
ShuNhwiip l.akf. 'I'ln'ri- are niiiiutr (liirnnnrH liriwrrii ilii> h|m>( inHuiii taken at dilVerrut
|il,iri -, lint I am niial'le ti> iliKtinunisli s|irritii' iliarartrrM tn triijiralr tlieni.

\X, Coregouiiu coulteri l'-i.;eiiniann iV l".inriiin:iiiii. Many spnini •iin, tin- lari;rst nira.siiriiiL; liCi nini.,
t'roin th«i Kii'kiiiK llorNe, itt Fiilil, llritiNli ( 'oliiniliia: one Mpecinien from (ioMni. Head, li-'i;
depth. 4A-."»i; I>. 1(U-1U; A. IL'-IH; .Miilen 7. ti(M!:t, 7 (to ventralsi. Ii.rin ratln r heavy,
litt If elevati d tile cnout hroild, very hlnnt and diciirvod ; 'ireateMt de|itli nt head ec|iials its
length I1-..H liie oprrile. Mmith low, the >miiit hiit little projeitinj;. maxillary reaeliint; eyo
ill lari'i'ti Npoeinien. I'liither in the >malli'i' onrH. liye ri|nals .snniit. I in Inad. Supplemental
bone a i-reseeiit. Iiill-rakers ni'irh a-, in iiilliiniiiioiii. liorHaNiind iiiial nliorler and higher
tliaii in ivilliiiiiiHoiii. Seiili'H lari,'!'. dull ,^il\eiy ; the spots id' tlie youii:,' not Hit ronspieuoiiH an
in lliosr lit witliiiiimini. Length nt lainrst Hpeeiineii to iii'i>{in of dorsal, (ix mm. i I'late tl.)

2. Oncorhyuchua tsciiawytscha Walhaiim. indden. II s|>iM'iiiii'iiM, the hir^e.st ll'i) mm. It'evef-

Htoke.a lari^e nninliii nt' spi linnns, the lai^est I'-'H iniii. I. a (iranile, I speiimeii. Mission, the
■ liir>;e»t ICi mm. Kamlno|>H, I KpeeiiiHii.

3. Salmo niykisH W'allianm. ('al;;ar\. ISaiill, <ii illln Lake, sieamoiis, Kamlonps. Idaho I'alls. iiid

( r.iii;.' The s)iriiniiiis I'lnia (aluary and ManlV resi'inlde \eiy (dnsely speeimeiis in tlm
eollei'tions id' the Indiana InivrisitN t'iniii the K'lo (irimdo at l>el Norte, Colorado, 'n ope of
the Kin Cr.'inde spreimrll.s I enillit \!*\ rows nt' s. ales ; |)r. .Ionian eoiinted l.'i.'i In Did in those
be ex.imined. In one ot' the Cali^arv speiiini ns I lind I. "id rows. In the shape ot' the head and
in eo'.or the spt'iimeiis front Cal'^ary and llanlV are almoHt exaet reprodiietions of thu ll'u>
(iraiide spei'iniriis. I tlierefort) see no reason why the t wn hIiouIiI ^founder ditleiviit naiiieH.
The ijuestioii of the niimlier of speeies of trout doiis not appear settled as yet, nor is it
jirnlialde that it will lie until all the trout are eaiinht. .spreimms t'rom Kamlnnp.s ditl'er Iroin
thn-r from ( alu'aiy in ha vinj; slii;lit!.\ larger spots. I'hose I'lom (Jriiliii Lake have still lai'ner
and nmre niinieions spots.

4. Thynmllus signifer oiitariensis \ alrnriennes. A siiiLjle sprriiiiri:, u'li; mm. loni;: I'. HI ; A. 12;

Hialrs, !i|. ( 'rai^;, Montana. Tlii.s spnimeii dirii'is iVom the sperinieiis nhtaimd by .Inrdaii
in the Madisnii l>i\er and at llnrsrthiid' Sprini;s, in the lar;;er scales, lieini; in this respeet
idml ii-al w itii 1 he typieal xi'/Hz/i c, and i . liavini,' the Idaidi spots extend iinite to lielow the .soft
dois.il till, fheroloinl tile dorsal is as de.scrilied liy .Ionian.

5. Salveliiius iianiaycush (\\'all(aiiiii>. <'al^t;ir.\ , li.iiiH', hevils Lake, (iolden, and K'evtdstoke. A

Hpecie.s .i|' Siihi-lhiiis. |irnl);ili|y tn 1>« ret'eried to this speeies, reaehes a larjje si/e, a meter and
more ;n Dm ils Lake, in the (anadiaii K'neky .Mountains I'ark. A |ili(dograjdi of om' of these
lar.uer imliv idnai.s shows it to he every wlirir juofiiscly spotted on lieaii, .siiles. and haek.
The spots are sii,4litly lar;;er on low er paits ol' .sides. Tliost) nf the head do not dilier frniii
tho-'ie of the lindy. The dnrsal, caudal, and to some extent the anal. vnitralH. and pectorals,
are also prnlnscly spottiMl. The largest Kpecimen olitailied im'a.siires alxnit liri mm. Tli«
Bpots are much less numerous than in the photo<>;ra]ili and thoso of the head show a tendency
to I'liiti'. Icavini;' a dark reticalatinn as a hack^^ionnd. Itors.il. .snt't dorsal, and caudal well
Bpniti'd: anal and iiiii'i' surfaces of vrntra Is and pectnrals alsn spntted. The anal mai;.;iiied
in finiit and ahnvc with while. In this iaiircr specimen the teeth of shaft of vomer are
well developed.

Ill ilic liow. into which llevils Lake lia.s an nutlet, and in the LIhnw there arc numermiH
small trnu! w hich arc considered dist iiict from those in the lake The lariiest of those olitailied
at llautV nicasnreil 'M>{) mm. in leiii^th. the rest from (^aljjary aro all smaller. In this Iar;{est
Bpecimeii anil in all the smaller ones no teeth arc developed on the shaft of the vomer. In »
Bpeciiinn alioiit l!(Ml mm. lonj;. tVoiii Lake .Nlichijian, the shaft of the vomer has well-developed
teeth. 'I'liis would lend color to the poixilar helief th.at those of the river are dili'erent
from those of the hike. The river !«pecinien8 have smaller and mm h fewer spots, the dor.sals
and caudal and inner surface of jiectorals are dusky without iudic.itions nf sjiots; there are
few 01 no spots on the lie.id. .V sjiecimeii 1(1.'> mm. loni; has these eharaiters still more eiu|)ha-

' liull. I". S. Fish (,'ciiii., IX. 50. |)1. vni, lii;. 7.

116

BULl.KTIN' OF THE I'NITKIi STATK8 FIBII COMMISSION.

liii
til
nil

• In

nil

III.

rill
iiol
lia.
<l..l

til"

riitl

Sa. mtheon

iii|ii

nI/i-iI, I'll) II' H-'i'iiiH III III' iiiitliiii^' iilioiit tlieRc H|i*-i'iiiii'iiK that iiiiiy tint Ih- tiikiMi iiNciiiirin
III' till' ,MiiiiiK. • MliiT ^|M riiiii'iiH I rum till- ('iiliiinliiti ill liolili'ii mill at Wcvilntiikc hIhiw ■,..
ri't'i'iH'i'H liiiiii tliKii- lioiii (■|ilj;iir> mill lliiiill. A liinif ln'inl ill tin- riiiM-rnii \ 'h I'liliiTtiiui.
1.1) IllilcH rawt of Nrw \VfNtlllllli>ti-r. II. ('.. Iia^ tirlli nil I III' slialt til' tlif Miliii't' aii'i :
luiiiitinriinh ( Walliaiiiii i.

46. Percopsis gtittatiia Aiin^si/. \\'liiiil)iff{, llraiiilon. lii-Kina, ^wllt (iirriiit, Mfilirliii- Hat

H|ii'rii'M is aliiiiiilaiit ill aiiiiiiNt all Nlri'aiiiN lunii \\ iiiiii|i<'v: l<i .Mnliriiu- Hal. I lii'> an i
iiiiiiicniiiN ami lar^i'i' in tin- I'l-nl, rlt-ar Ntii'aiiir'. Tlif );i'iicia nl' I'tnojmulii iiia.v bi- ili-
t;ili»liuil a.s riilliiws: (l'lati*<). i

<i. iMMHal. Willi iNMi I'l'i'lilf, '•li'iiilrr. iiiiliiaiiriii'il mivh; anal, with a Hiii^li' Miinjlar ray; kciiIi".:
Hll'itllj^ly rli'liuiil nil ramlal |irillli:i'lr : jmslft iiil' lliai'gill iit' |ili'ii|ii'rr|c iiitin- iir Willi li
rii-iiiilalinii.- ; I'lirm MU'iiiifr l'K.l;i oi

<i(i. ItiiiHal ami anal rarji with two vny stniiiK s|iim's; ni'mIi's iiiohI Hlriili^ly rtrnniil <ili :iiii
jiai'l of liiiily : |iiistri'ii>i' iiiai';;in of |ii)'ii|ii'irji- w illi a Irw >liiiit Init .Htinim »|iiii('H; I'linii li<
ili'i'|i Coi I

47. Columbia traiiBmoataiia Ki),'i'tiiiiaiiii iV I'liKcninaiin. rmatilla. il'lateii. i
Culiuiihiii IriiiiKiiiiiiilaiia l°.iu;i'liliiaiiii tV KiK>'i>niaiiii. >i ii-iiri-, 1^!I2, 'JXi (rtnatilla, Or«'f;iiiii.

Ilrail. :U-:!^ 'I! ill till- yoiinu I : ili'jith. .'U-.'I'i ( I in tin* yniiii;; i ; |). li.!l^; .\.li,liA: .srai" iiii\

'.*-!! til itl-T. Itoily riiiii|iai'ativi'ly ili'i'p, iIiiiniiI |ii'iilili- imiii- arrlinl than llii' vi-iitral, m.SS. Hlheos
an aiiKlr at tin- iiri};iii nt' tlir iliirsal I'm: hiiIcs riiiii|iri'HH<-il, lainlal |M'iluiii'lr iiinst mi. i Lak

HhiH't ami rliiililiy. ryo I'ljiial In .smmt, almiit I^j in ihu lirail. I''ir.'<t iIoi'miI .■<|iim' aliiml > Npi'i

III till' |iii|iil, si'i'imil K|ilm' iini'-halt' lrn;;lli ol' hi;nl, rrriirvi'il ami \»My ilri'|ily t'lonvi'il li w;i>i

.Anal Hpiiii'.s .soiiH'what Inwrr than llir ilnrnal .'-piiir.s ; m-iiII'iiU irarhin^ |iaHt xi'lit. Na{>i K'^<

Iho <'\r<')iliiiii III' iirri|iital >|iiiii', mmIiiI. Tran.slnccnt in lil'i-. ('ulm, ;;i-iii>rally .smutty S4. ■ttaeosl
with thi'ri' I'DVN.s III' iniii'i- (ir li'.s.s oliliiii^ lilai'kiiih NiMittt, the iiil<l(lli! anil Hiiprrinr rows
nut iri'alili'. itack with a .si'iii's nCsimilai' s|iiiIk, imii- hfiii^ iniiir conspii'iioiis at lirf^innii'
I'liil III' lirst iliMsal. |)oisal niiittli'il. laiiilal liarri'il. llcail isniiitty. a liliii' Mark s|iiit iiii i:
III' iipiTcli-; a n.'iri'iiw, silvery, lateral liami, VniiiiK traiisliici'iil. with well-ili'lineil ilaiK'

48. Lucius luciua l.inii.i'iis. \\'i;inipefj, llramlnn. W'i'.stlioiirni'. .Mon.se .law, Swil't Cnrieiit, Mi.

Hat. TliiN .Hperii's i> riimiiiiin lliriiii;[;hiiiit the .Viirth anil is mii' ol' ihi- imi.st pi-nniiiiriil
lislii's. I'snally lallrd pike, the name iiirkeri'l heiii;; a)iplir(l ti> the two .spceies nf Sli:n>

49. Pygobteus pungitius Linna'iiN. Thix npecieM was olitamril in the ilear waters nt' the t/ii'.\|

Kiver. It was not notieeil elsewhere.

50. Eucalia inconstauBKirllaml. (jii'A]i]ielle, li'e^iiiia, Swil't ('urieiii, Majile < 'reek, ('al.uar\ . I

This speeirs is very aliiiiiilaiit at Ii'i'Kina Just lielow the ilam.

51. Etheobtoma giintheri I'.i^^eninanii iV Mi;;i;iimann.
i'.UnnstoiKiKjiinlUiii I'i^'enniann iV Ki<;i'iiiiianii. Am. Nat. '.ttil!, IMiC', \iMnniiie;;: Cellar liapiii>

Types: Three speciiiiens ."II. 50, anil (!<) mm. loiiji, Winnipeg;, Manitoha.

Three speeimeiis I'riiin near Ceiiar Rajiiils. Iowa, I'ollecleil liy i^etli 1^. Meek.

Premaxillaries not protraitile; ;;ill-ineiiihranei4 isearcely eoniit'eted; ventral line \vi
median scales eiilarifeil; lateral line complete; jialate with well-developed teeth; dursal-
10; jireoperele entire; nape and hreasi, exieiit the median line, naked; cheeks .-ind i.|
each with alioiit three Herie.s of lar;;e elenoid seales. This species is very closely ril;i
A', (inin-d, I'roni which it dili'ers in tiie nnirorm si/e of" the scales on the cheeks ami
oiieriles, etc. Head. 3!; depth, tlA : D. X-IH or II; A. ti. !li-lU; scales, 5-'>]> to ."il-."
of /.'. ((.s/im; month modcr.'ite, the maxillary not e.\tciiilin>; lieyoinl anterior niarjjin '
iihoiit ;! in head; eye, ',i:\ in head; clucks with aliniit l'.') Iaij{e, strongly ctenoid seale.'^; '
Avilh siniil.-ir scales; ^ill-mcmlirancs much more eiinnected than in A', axiiro, tlw cmi:;
not extending hack beyond middle of ilneks. Outer series of teeth considerably eiil:..
each Jaw. Uois.'il spines slender and hi;;li, sli^rlaly more than snout and eye in leiiui
dorsal shorter and lower than the sjiinoiis. First anal spine hut little longer than ■
])ectoral eijiials head less ojierciilar spine; ventrals but little shorter than )ieitoral.s,
naked, a few scales aloiiK its inedian line, niid-ventnil line naked, the scales whri' '
]iroli,ilily little if any larjfer than those of the sides; iiajie naked, as in A', uxjim.

rransliicciit iiilili'; a dark stripe down and another down and forward from r
lilack sjiot on liiimural rej^ion. .sides with ahout eiiihl dark siiots, which are narrox^..
riorpartof body, further apart ami lar<;er on tail; only the last three extemling .li"

POllI

is a

iSiile

Fins

file 1 1..

ahoii

aililji

oil tj

tail,
lowil
sea I J
i5. BtheoH

dartl

coni

on

dor'l

belli

K.

veij

«.4.

prol

rarj

nioJ

ahil

feJ

doil

■nil

\a|

nuJ

bhi

bill

Ba

anl

KXi'UoKATIuNs IN WKrtTKKN CANADA, KTC.

117

93.

UN fliiir^ic littxriil liiH': \niilr.il itiiriA<-i< pliiiit; liiti'k ti>i«iti<ll!kti«l. Init iiiiirli \>'m n'Kiiliirlv iiml inittini'tly

nIiiiw '.m tliiiii III /.'. ii'itiit. S|MiiiiiiH iliirH.il witli II li|;ii-k N|tiit. lii'twniMi tin* lirHt twit or tlirt-n vitiiicH iiiiil

lliTlinii- : ikiiotliiT lifiwfi'ii till- It.ntc* III' till- liiHt tlircf. Till* rKiiiaiiMlui' nt' llix liii. ;m vvi-ll an tlii' wilt.

iirr iiii'i : ilni'titl. rei;iiliirlv ilotri'il: iMinlikl fiiiiiih liarnol, :i Mitik H|iot m iK liii<t<<, tin* ri*iiiitiiiiii„ liii't

(iliiiii

lif llllt \ loiiilli N|ii'i'iinrii rnmi NVilini|M-i{ iii:l\ lit-lon^ to llic H.irin- ■<|m>i'ii"<, liiit it In proiiilliiy llil

riii'j ill' I iiiiiiial iii<> xliri'iiiii-ii III /.. rii/<i'». It U 1)111 III mill. Iiiii'^. It li:i-t I). i\-l I : A. II, 7; mimIi'h ,'iliiiiit

nay hv <l>' tiS. rr<'iiiit\ill.ii \ not |<iiiti.i<'til)-; i;ill iiH'itiliraiii!* iiiiitcil In In-low iimlilli- of i-lii-t^ks; iia|i>>,

i-lii>)>ki«. mill o|iui('li>-< iiaUi-tl: lin-aMr aii<l \i-iiti'al liiii* iiaUml. A Itliu-k «tn|M< lorwiini t'loiii cm-,
; hciili- iiol li)'lo\% it; a HiTJt-H III' ti-ii lilai'k Njiotit alniii; tin* siilus; ii Ki-rii-M ol' rti\ lart{i-r iiii)-<t on tint

,1' with i> liink; ii lilark liaiiil tlii'oiii:li iiiiilillit of h|iiiioii-« ilornal: iklHiiit llir<*«i olilii|iit> ItaiiiU on mdiV

|>l'.l;i iH ilnr-^al ami oil tilt' i tiuilal. A Mark H|i<it nii liati- of ramlal. No ili-inii'.;iiiHiialili- lati-ral liin-.

,i,| on aiii> rill- tliiii' H|M-iiiiii-iis riniii low .1 liill'iT ill no i-isi'iiliaU rioin tin- \Viniii|ti-t{ <<|it>rinii>n-<. In

I'liiiii ||, tin- Miiiallrit I III mill, i llii< lilotilirH of tlii< mhIi"* an- lai'i;)<i' ami t'l-wrr In iiiiiiiIm>i', ami tliun- ari<

_,Coi I nitlici- liioail ilui-<iil liiiitilii"., inli-rnn-iliati' In |io<4ilioii to tin- lateral oin-*,

S2. BkheostoniH aMpr? 1 1 'o|ii- \ . Ionian i. rmir -tiiall s|ii>i'jmi'iM ot' thin <.|ti-rii-> wi-n- taUiMi jit Wln-

iil|ii-'X ami II iiiiinlKT at llramlon. tin- la!'^i->t ot' wliii-li Is 7i) iniii. Imii;. rin'si- iln not ililli-r in

iiiiv I'SM-ntiaU from H|i(>i'ini)'im rnlli-cti-il liy I'rof. S. M. Mrck in Iowa.

9theu8toma iiigiuin K'alini'si|iii-. S|ici-iiiii-iiH of thin Hpi-iio't takuii at \Vi>stli(Hiriit-. a trilnitaty of

Lakii \Vihiii|<i<<^r, In tin; A-tHinJIioini- ai Kraiiilon, anl in iln* '^irA|i|ii>lli- ilo not iliifii- liotn

Hiii'i'iini'ii'i r<>!ii->'ti-il ill Imliana ainl Iowa. I \v.i-< iiifoi'mi-<l liy .i half-liii'i-il that tills s| n-s

was VI r.\ aliiiinlaiit in soini' .>4iiiall >iti'i''ini-« mirth of i/ir.\|i|i(-ll)-. I'ln- saiin- iiil'oriuiition was
j^ivi'ii nil- liy iiilii'is lit Itramloii.
BUieoBtoma iowi« .ioiilan A M<-i-k. \l>iinilaiii at >wift ('iirri'iit. Tliis is ;i \ i-ry IM-Miitifiiliy
coiori-il ilai'ti-r in lifi', I'ln- niaii* has tin- lia>o of ili- s|iiiions ilnrsal ilarU hlin-, aliovi- \\ hirli
iH a iM-ly haiiil iiml tln-n ii narrnwci' ilaik iiiari{iii. .\ liri<;lit ll^ht-i;!'!' n spot aliosii |ii>i'toral.
8iili-H wiMi lihont iiini- dark-iji'i'ini Hpol -, tin- intt-i'H|iari-s silvi-ry wit I . iiMtyanil witli;;i'i'i-n .niiuIs,
Fins of Mil' fi-inali' ni':ii'lv |ilaiii, tlio rusty spots of tin- .siili-s Wiuitin.t;. In tlir ali-oholii- spi-i-l-
nit'iis till- paiti-ins of rolor aro si-rii to In- vi-ry varying. In .sniallt-r Kpurinn-iis tin r«' an-
uhoiil iiiin- i|iilt>' i'<"^iilai liamis ; In iari^iT spi'iiini>ns \\\i\ Hiilcs licroiiiii niin'ii mot tlril hy tlii-
iiililition of ilaiU .spots in llm int'-rspai'i-s. I'i'i'i|in-iilly tln-n- aii' i-iitnt <il- nini- i|iiailrati' npiits
on till' hai'k. In out' sp<!riini-n tlii-ii' is a ilark liaml aloii;; tin* siili-s fniiii tlio Insiil to tin-,
tail. The canilal is always more or h-ss I'liiispiciiniisly liarri'il, thii soft ilorsal less so, anil lli«
lowi-r liiis inrliiilin.C thi- p'-i-toi-als .iri- plain. Tlio lateral Hun is usually ilevelopi-d on iiioro
Hraii's than in /■'. i/iiiijipillf.
iS. BtheoHtonia quappelle l'li;;i>niiiaiin A: Kii^i-nnianii,

Elheoxliniiii •initpiiille Ki^iMiinanii \ Ki;i;eumann. .Viii. Nat. IMW, IHKi'. (^u'Appellr.

Fort <^ii'.\)»pi-llt'. .V sinuli! spi-rinirii, l:{ nun. Tlii.s is thf nortln'vnniost itoint at xvliicli
ilarti-i's havi- as \,'t li.-i-n takni. I'i'i-m i\illai ii's not inolrai-tilr; {^iilnn-mhranrs sraii-oly
conni'i'tril -, M'litral liiii' with Ihr nn-iliaii srah-s not (>iilar<ri'<l : lati-ial llm; sir.'ii:{ht, ili-vi-lopt-il
oil lllsrah's; p.ilati) witlioal t'l^th; dorsal spiucs, !l; anal Iln considcralil.v sinalh-r than sot't
dors.'il: huiiii-ral i-<-ijion without hiack procuss; uhcuks with a d-w small scali-s Just below and
bi'liind i-yrs; opi'r(-h> with a t'rw scah's on its nppiT anuli'. This spt-ries is closely n-lati-d to
E. ioifiv and I'. ji-'<>tiii'. diiVeriii'.; in the r.idi.i! formnla, scalt-s, etc. In sli.ipe it a|>pr"aehi-s
very nearly /•.'. liwiv, lieini; iniirh slenih'rt-r thaii./'ii'iic. Head, t; di-pth, .">(; '». ix-!'; \. II,
rtA. ."scales, S-,"i:!-7: lateral line develope 1 on l!t scales. Foiin similar to /•-'. iuu'r, its dornal
prolih- notalilv less arcln-d, Its head lower and less compressiid. niore truly coiiii-. .Snout
rather hliint. flm maxillary extemliiii; to anttM'ior niurein of pninl, ahont ;i in head. Fyt'
moderate. ;S| in heail. Teetli in ^■('^y narrow hands, tlio outer series enlari^eii, Cheek.s with
ahiiiii Msiuiil cycloid scales 'lorderiiiL; ilii; lower posturior portion of orldt; operch-s with a
few scales. I lors.il s|»incs r.itln-r short and .still', rlie liiichest ei|ual to snout and or hit. Second
ilorsal shorter lliaurnst. Iiase of anal much shorter than liase of secouil dorsal, not i-i|ual to
gnont and eye. Pectoral ami veutrals a1iout(ii|nal in k-injth. .ilioiit equal to heail less operele.
Xape and lireast naked; mid ventral lim- with small scales, (iiwicr.il color dusky, the !narkin){s
rnucli less conspicuous than in iiiir:>\ \ dark shade downward from eye, another forw.ird; ii
black spot liehind eye; a dusky rc;;ion on operi'le and on slionlders. Sides with about 8 dark
blue liars, aUDrnatinii with rusty bars, t'le mari^ins of tliesi) 111 deliiKMl. .No blotches on back.
Basal h:ilf of sjtiaous dorsal black, the rem.iiiulerhyaliiip. .Soft dorsal and caudal barred, aiml
and venlrals hyaline, ]ii-ctorals dnskv.

Hoiii.

ti^ ; seal
ventral, i
most so. I

line ilboiil '
(grooved lii
ellt. Na)ii
ly Hnintt\ *♦•
III ill I row*
at bc^;inllnL

k h]lot (III II

lined daik •

nrn-iit, M"

]irouiiiiciil .

iesof .S'(i:">

i.f the l^n'.Vl

i,('iil.uar,\. I

edar Kai)iil>

eck.

iitral liiif «i
!t-th; dorsal-;
iceks iiiid I'l
,■ closely rchi
cheeks ami ■
-,")!.' to ."'I-.'
ior iniii'fiiii '
loid scales; >
ino, the ciiii:
ih-rably eiil' .
eye in leiiiii
ineer tliaii -
I jn-ctorals.
icules wliev '
ilniini.

,vard friiiii <■
ire narrii\\.'
xteiidiug id"

118

BULLKTIN OF TIIK IMTKD MTATKM lisll COMMISSION.

S6 Peroa flaveaoeiia Mill hill. Aliiiinliiiit ni I <irt i/iT A|i|m Hi-; jttiiiiiloii.

57. Stlsoatedlou vltreuin iMitrhilli. \\ iiiiii|H«, Mnom- .law, Toit i^irA|i|M'll)-. A »iii({l«! (.|.f

IriMii .\lo4(Hr .liiw lia-« thf^iilos ami ii|i|iir pjirtH itlli|uilc <liirk wllli iVw .vnllnw N|Mit<t in -it
M|iiii<>iis ilnixal «lii>«.v\ with Ihi' ii-^iial lilink H|M.in. Snd ilor-ml, rumliil. iiml |MTt.,riil . i,
likn lliii HJilit; liiiiil itmi MMitraN >. ll.iw with liiaiiy iliiik «|»iit-.. I>. \\ -I. IM.

58. Stizoatedioii caiiadenae grianum DoKay. \Viiiiii|HK, llraniloii. I'opliir.

59. Aplodlaotus grui -iteiia Kaliiii'^iiuiv WiiiiiiiH')^, alniinlaiit.

60. Cottus aaper ( KiiliitnlHtin i. .Mionioii, .SiraiiioiiH. Kaiiil'iniit, lirilliii l.uki-. itn<l rinalilla

iihiiiKlitiil ill the j'rasi'i' .syHtiMa IVkiii lidi-watii tn an altilinli- .if I.IMHI let I'liin •]
varii-i ;,'H'iitl.v ill •■"I'M- ill iliHiifiil lor ilitici. ,Vt .Mi'^mIimi I iditaiiieil a iiiiiiiIk i in lh< i
watiT III' till- rraii-i'. TliMKi'aiMKi'i.v >vith the iiHiial tliii'k marking'*: I iihtaliicil two H|ir,
fioiii a liltlr IiiukU (if rliMi- watiT wliic'h wi'ii' M'l-y iinii'li ilirkiT. flu' ura.v n-iiniiiliiu
narrow stifaks ami s|ici|4 an m^ llii- ;;i>m-i.il ;;ri>uni| lolur nl' lihuk Imtii on tin' Miili'.s ,ni.
61 Cottusbaiidi piuictulatiit *iill. ('rai<;, .Moniana.

62. CottiiB rhotheiid (It. .^inith). Two linn HiMTiniriiH nl' this siii-riin. Ii'o inin loii){. ami a iiiiin

Miialli'i •■iiiH Will' i>litaini-<l at l.a<>raiiil)v Lati'tal lino ('oni))li-ti-. D. Nil or Viii, 17; >
or i:ii. Sol'l ilnrsal ailnati' lii'hiinl. tlir iiii'iiil>rani' ixli'iiilin^ to in-ar r.inila). Color nl I

H|ii'riiiM'im: Kol't ilmsal with olilii|ni' li;ii^, inost niarki'il oil lln- ray^; ramlal wiih aW

Iar|i(*i liai's. Tlit' N|M'i'ii'.< in i|nili' < iiiniinin ul Itlaho l''all>.

63. Cottua philoiiipa I'.iKi'iiiiiann A i;i;;i iiniaiiii.

Cothis iihiloiiiji'i F,i!;riiiiiann A l!ii;i'ninaiiii. .\iii. Nat. !«i:t, Ixiii'. I'icld.

.•^I'Vt'iitt'fii spt'ciiMi'Us of a Ciillim wvn> taken in tin' ir,\ wati-rxif the Kirkiii;; llni'ti- ;.i 1
IS. ('. jli'ail.aliiiiit I'j-I in head. |). Mil or i\-lli to IX ; A. ii, i:t; V. i, I. I'l'iioral n i
anal or past vriit cvi-n in lai';;rst H|H'rinirii!4. Anal i'i|iiiilistaiit from tip of hiioiiI ami
of canilal or iirarrr I 'p of snoat. .\shy i;r.iy with M irkisli MntrlM'N. No wi'll-ili'lini'il ii..-
(txci'pt .Mcni'tiini'-i iirar tin) t lil. l'rri|niMit ly a liiisUy lilotrh on anterior part of Npinoii>'
ami aiiotlii'r lo'ar its p istcrior cml: tho lin sniiii'tiiiios wholly iliisky, niartrineil with '
I'rrtoials, soft ilcirHal, anil ramlal more or Irss liarn-il.

64. CottiiB oiiychus l'.i;;riiiiiaiiii A l':i;>('iimanii.

Cotlun nniirliin Ki^i'iimaiin iV i;i;;i'iiin:iiiii. Am. .Nat., !M»;i, Isd'J. Caluary.

A siii>;l(' .spiTiiiic'ii xj inin. Ion;; frniii ('al;{ary. This sjit'cie.s is cviilt'iitly closely reli
I', piilliciiri^ (.1. A <i.i. t'roi''. which it iliU'ers cbielly in haviii;; many prickles. Iluiitl, :<!| : li'
."i*: l». VIM. 17; .\. i;>: vciilr.iN, i, 1; pectorals, |;{. Teeth on vomer, none on p.ili
Width ot' lii'i 1 e (iials its li'n.;th to eirl of preojierc iilar .^iiiiie, its depth 'J in its length.
opurcle wilh an ii|it-.inii!d claw-like spinu. bulow whiih ar- two others, iniich sniallf
iiuterior oae having' its point tiinn' 1 d iwiiwird and forward. Kye l.V in snout, A in
Kiliital, "> in heail. Maxillary not. reachin;; orliit. Sides ahovo the lateral liiu', wli
complete, with .stilf prickles from lielow lirst spine to lielow the last dorsal ray ; jtriekli-
the lateral line coniine.l to the alidominal ]iart. of tliu KJdes. JJorsalA connected li>
mo.nbrane, tho rays inieh hiijher than the spines, IV^ Im lieuil. I'eetornli* reaeliiii>j ]ia^i
its ray.s not Itranclu'd. .V dusky sp tt o:i lireast just lieliiml anterior end of ^ill-slits: <■■
surface, ineludin.'.; tin- vcntr.ils, otherwise) plain. .Vnal with ,'k fe-.v dusky wpoeks on its
other tins barred; wiles an I iipp .t surfaces olive with darker npots. Threo dariv l>aml»
soft dorsal; .a dark hanil.jiist in front of tli" caudal.

65. Iiota lota maculosa ( lii'Sueur I. Winnipeg, Crai^ .Miiiudant at Winnipeg. A Hiiiglt- s|m"

was taken in the Missouri with hook and line. This sjiecies was rejiorted to ine at C.ii.
wliero it is said to ascend the streams south of Calgary in groat iiiiinlters. A spci.
"ling" was also reported to mo at (iolden * jiud again at .sieaiiioim. From the descr
given it iiiiist he closely related to the sjtecies under consideration. It is said to i'
length of l..")() 111. At, Sicainoiis they had this spec ies for dinner ju8t before I arrived,
is the nearest I came to securing it on the Pueitiv slo]ic.

•I have riic'Kiitly ici'i'ivi'd ;t Mii'-ciiiuMi t'nrii this pliii'e thrimsfh Mr. (rrnnii. It is iiliiutic;il with the Atlitiitiu 8lo|H' I '

AnroocMi.-. t
Aoipanmr hIi
Aflipanxer tr.i

Aolpnllnrr III!

hoaphlrln ii< li
N'uturiin tl,i\ I
IcIaluriiH pen
lotlobus I > |>i'
Carpimli's m'I
C'atMrtitiiiiis II

Dllllln H
llilllS II

CatoateiiiiM, <
PanlMi.'i,...j..
Uitaoatohiii ill
MasoatD'ii.i 111
HjrkoBii Minis
AeroenriiiM ul

PlaMphil'Sl'i

Moliv|>i'<.i"i'>li
Hotnpis lull
Matro|iis ifiii
Kalro|>iHilrlii'
Notro|iiH iMi'Ui
Nolropin -< lip
Notra|iis ii'lm
N-<trapiH .iilii'i
Rhtnlchtinsii
Agoaia iiiiMl.i

AkO«1b IiiIiUIii
AgoaU tiilniM

HybopHi-^ .'<iiii'

ConaaiiiHiliN'i
11alirii>i>ii>>!ri
Mrioe)>riliis<
P^Wburlinh
LnnetxiiH m

LulMteeiiH ll\

Laiiaiacii'4 ii.
LatMlaciiH III

Hlotellllns

Hiommti'i;;

Uoragoniis » i
Coragoii IIS I'll
Congou I i.s
C'oregotiiiH 1 1
SalnM iiivki-
TliyiMllii.^ '
SalvellniiH im
Onoorhyiii
V«reop«li* i:ii
Coimnbiii trii
Lnciiia liiriii
PygoateiiH pi
EnoaUaiiK
Ktbeoatoiiia <
EtlMOatniiia
KtbMMtlllllll I

BtbMwtoiiia
EthaMtoiiia I
PanwIlHMsr
StlMiat(«lii'ii

aUMMtedii'ii
AplodiliKtiis
CuUna iLspi
CoMualialrili

Cottoa rlinil
ColtMpliiloi
Cottua uiiyi '

liOtalotii Miiii

TiitiiU

latcrmuNit
taken by im

EXI'LOl{ATlON> IN NVEhTtKN CANAi>A, KTC.

119

/((/</»• nliiiiihui tkr iliilriliiiliiih III' Ihr iliffiriiil n/triir* lulln Itil

Itinl UlM*r l(ii»hi >.i«l>ii|rlii'Wiiri I iiliitiililii Kiiiu'i

( 'Hlllllltll.1

H|M-I'l)i*.

111

- ' *

^ ^ <- 3 *■_!-= *_5_: II-

? ;: ;: Cr is ? - ■/. S a -j i « u.

^il

Ml.-

Kiiiirl.

t- -»•

Aanorii'ti I triili'iiiiitii'* .

Aelpanmi -.i u i m . . + . . /

AnlpatiDir tiMiioiiioiiiJiiiiiii .. tl tl

▲elp'HIx'r iiHilltoxtiU .. II 11

MoayhlrliN III liiix |iliil,vrli.Vlii;ltim ■■ ' ..,

KotariiH il.tMiN . . ■ + ••■

Istatarii* pniiriutiM ' .' I

iDtiobnxi i-iiMflla + '..

CrMrf»o.li<-. Mlii.r + + .. ' +

CatMt«iii>"< I iiii'.i.piim* •+- + |... -^ + I + . + ••

CMMIuiiiii'' criHfim + ... + + ... .

ftlWtl I I lllllrllH liiilim / + -t- ... , + I + + .(- 1'

C»l>lt<>lllll-" ■ iMlllllillloIll I •♦- -f- .. )- ; + l -f ... + -t- ^ + •• • +

PmImIi'iih jiinl.iiii ••■ +1

MolOatolii:! ;l 1 1 111 ill I III -t- ' + ■•■ +

1141111.1 ,IIU-<IIII1I1I •♦• ... l- ... '........

!^'

llillllim |ililrilll

•f + 1 + + 1 +

+ 1 + -f

•)•

+ •+• +

1 +

+ l..- + +

+ 1

+ + +

+ (

/

D'illM IllllIlK

>llill< 4 |>|i>iill'l:lit. .

Molmpln.ioiiiiiiii

MetnpU In (• r>'li'|>l>t '
IfolfO|>iH i>'ti< illlllllit ..

fflllfmiM ilrliciiKim t- I

KolIOpi* nil tfiili'im +

NolfOpls-'iiliiliriin + .+ 1- I

Noifiplt.ii IIIIIU-' +...-r

N-<traplH ^llllirilKlilllK I-

Rhilrfchlliv^iliili ii« ... H-

AfOaUuiiliili

Acoifo Illlllllit

AfMUf'iili ii'a hIiiihwiiii

RyboBHis ...iiiiiriaiiiiit + i.

CeMMUHlliHnllllllis

{■talyKoliiKUi'"' ''■'* T r- ■■■

liylwlK'iliiiitaiir 4 .:.

I'IfWfclMlH'illl-l IIIIUIIIK'lllllH ■

liMHrtwiis atiariiM

LmMUi'iih li,vilii>|ilil'ix

LaMtBcn-* li.illi atiiH

I lllrtil II I lialti atutliitrl'iillx ..

HiQim iiiowiiiiiH -t- ... t- / ...

HWUniri^itii^ + .. +

Uori(onuH » illiaiiiKiiiil f-

CoMfOllllsl'ullltl'I'i

Cor^ouiiM I liiiK'Hiiriiii!) /

CoregonuH lullilirn / / |.. ..

8«lmoiii.\ki-s .,. + + + + + \ I

TliynutUii.^ HiuniiiiDiit.irii-iiBin ' +

Sal^oliniiK naiiia.vi ii.hIi / 4- + ... ■+■ ■^-

Onoorhyiii Imx l-.rlia»ytiii:lia -.- t -i , )■ ...

VeroopRix uiiitatiis t •• • + ■ . ^■', + I . • + ■ •

ColiMBbiu tra Million (una 4-

Lneiua Imius + +<+ ... /| t-i. ..'+... +

Pygorteim iiiiii^itliifi +

Bn«»M«4iiriiiistiiii>. + +\ +1+ ... +

Ktheoatoiiia yiintlicri + ...... i...

BtheiWtoiiia as|ini ... + ... -, ' ' ...

KtbMMtuiiiii iiiu'riiiii -f- + +... ■••

BtbaMtoiiia invva- | +' I...|

EthWWtoilia l|!!.l|ilirlll) -H .. .|... ' |.. .

ParMflHM

+ +1

+ +

1 +

+ +

i +

StllOBtwli'm lairKliMim' (iiim-illH.. 4 I + ' /

SUMMtediiiii \iin'iiiii + + ..(+| I

AplodinotiiH ^.Tiiiiiiiiiis t -•.

Cottaa «M|ii'r + I -i

CottMbainlliiunrliilatiiH

CoMm rliiii liens i

OattMpliiloiiip^ i ••••••! +

Cnttuaoii.vc liii.s 1... ...I.. .1

Lota lota iiiaciiUMU + K-J '... ; I 4- ( ... .'

Totals 24 5 17 U 4';! ...lois U il 5 'J H 0 a H 8 4

H +1.

U 7 8

+ i +
S 11

XBtom>i;atii>u iiiarkH iu ili*' tuMi- Hi;^iiit'v that tln' H]H'i'ii'.4 ar» |iiiilialilv t'luiiiil at ilie luralitiuH iuUicuted, but were uot
taken by hh'

120

lU'LLKTIN' Ol' THK UNITi:!) STATKS FISH COMMISSION.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES OBTAINED AND TH mfg.
RELATION OF THE DIFFERENT RIVER FAUNiE EXAMINED TO EACH OTHKR

Six of tilt' si\ty-fiv(' specit's ohtaiiiod arc foiiiitl oii both tlic cast ami west sin
of the coiitiiiciit, l'(iiitost)'ii.s Jonldiii, Ci»riio)iHH irilliainsoiii, Snlnin iiiiihiss, Catoslniii
catostinints, Snirfliinis iiaiiiaiiciisli, l.ota muritUtxn. {h'liiiiiclithifs tliilcis is rcconlcti Tn
tlie Pa<'iti(' Slope. 1 ohraiiicd none.)

Forty-two species were foninl in the \Vinni|)C};- system. Tliey are:

r

Acipi'iisi'i- siiii'io.
IrtMliinis piinrtiiliis.
Ii'tioliiis ('\ jniiii'llM.
('iir]iio(Ics \ clil'iT.
('MtiiKtiiiiiiis <':itiistiMiiiis.

CilluslOlllllS cjiisciis.

(jilo'^tomiis cimimcvsDiii.
Miixdstoiiia iiiirroliiiii.
Mi)\(i>t(iiiiii MMisiiriiin.
I'illii'|ili:ilcs ])l(iinrl:is.
Niitnipis jiiriliini.
Niptni|iis lii'i('ri)lt>i>is.
Nolnipis rt'lii'iihitiis.

Ncilropis mcy;iilii]iH.
Xotrniiis si'((|iit'i'riis.
Niitriipisji'jnniis.
N(itro|)iH iitlii'rinoiiles.
i>liinii'litii\s (liilriN.
II\li(>|isi'. stiinMiaiiiis.
(oiii'siiis ilissiiiiillH.
riiityjroliio jjiMi'ilis.
Iliiidoli iiloMoiili'S.
Ilioiloii Icinisiis.
( 'iiri'.u;i>iiiis \villi:iiiisoni.
Salino iiiykisH.
Sahi'liiiiis naiiiiiyi'usli.
I'rrcopsis iiiittiitus.

1,114'iiis liicius.
I'\ ^Kstt'iis )iiiii;;if iiiN.
KiKMlia iiii'iMiHlMiis.
l^tliiMiNtiiiiia ^iinllii'i'i.
KtlHMisioina as)ir<i.
I'.tlirostoiiia iii<;i'iiiii.
MtlK'iisliiiiia iiiwii'.
Kllii'ostoina i|iia)ip<'lli'.
I'crra lla\ csrciiH.
Sti/ii>ti'(lii>ii caiiailt'iisc ;
Sli/ostfilioii vilri'iiiii.
ApliMliiioliis •^riiniiiciis.
Coitus (Miycliiis.
I.ota Iota iiiaciilosa.

NOli'opis (li'liridsiis.

I'-ijrlit of these species were IoiiimI in the SasUarchewan and not in the Ked l;i\
They arc:

('aliistiiiiius i;ris<Mis. ('(uicsiiis <lissiinilis. lOtlicostmria iowii-.

N«itnii)is jiii'ilaiii. (Dirijiiniis williaiiisDiii, Cottiis oiiyi'lnis.
IJIiiiiiilitliys iliilris. .Saliiu) iiiykiss.

Sixteen s])ecies were taken in the Ifcd Ifiverof the North and iM»t in the SasUn;

cwan. Many of these will probably be fonnd in the Saskatchewan when its In
waters are exaniined :

Xiitroi)is (Icliiiosus. FJlicdstoiiia aspn).

Niitiopis iii(>,i;al"pM. I'.tluMistoiiia iiiiiniin.

Ilylioiisis stdrt'iiaiiiis. I'tlicostoina (|iiappi>ll<'.

I'yitosii'iis piiiiLjitiiis. I'crca lla\ t'sccns.

Ililu'iistoiiia u;iiiiili<M'i. Ai)lii(liiu)l lis •iTiiniiiciis.

Aciprnsir stiuin.
Ictiiiliiis ( ypriiiclla.
MoxostoMia aiii'cohiin.
Mnviistoiiia aiiisiinini.
NotiKpis lii'ii'iiiUpis.
Notropis rctiiulatiis.

riic seventeen species taken in the Missouri are a ; follows:

Niptn)i>is allicrimiidc-i.
Ixliiiiii'lithys iliilcis.
Coiicsiiis (lissiiiiilis.
I'latyjiiibii) u;iaiilis.
lliodoii alnsdidcs.
( ciriifdiiiis williaiiisoni.

'I"liymalliis .siii;iiifiT oiitai !■
I'.iit'alia iiicoiistaiis.
Sti/(ist<'di(>ii canadt'iisc yi i-
( 'ottiis liairdi puiictiilaiii-
I.ota lota inai'iilosa.

Not urns llavns.
Carpiodcs \ clil't'r.
Catostoimis ijristMis.
( 'alostomiis coiiinirl'soiii.
Miixostoiiia aiii't'oliiiii.
Ilyliot;iiatliiis placita.

Of these. Inir two s\)Vi'h'<. {liliiiiiclitliiis diilcis and I'lntift/ohio t/ntcilix) iWf i
both at I'oplar and at <'iai,i;'. 'riiirtceii of the species taken in the Missonri aiei
in the Saskatchewan basin.

The s|>ecicsof the Saskatchewan, with the cxccjition of the new species. li;iv
been taken in the ^[ississippi basin. Tlie Saskatchewan basin, therefore, can !■
se])arated from tin- .Mississippi basin by any positive characters.

I
T

A
('
(•
I-
A
A
A
M

Til

C:

M

I't

Tin
also foi
Coltiml

Se\
from til

ST

Ah
theAtI;
niodilieJ
rays oi' I
into tspil
in soniel
slope s]
ber of s|
were it
The m<
from til
aside fij

Thf
areun(J
unable I
rivers

Thi
theae fail

' Not I'ouinl in tlir \\ iiiiiipi'ii systi'iii

) AND TH are:
■I OTHl.R

EM'I.OUATIONS LN WKSTKUN CANADA, l.TC. 121

Tho fiimilii's Ml" tin- >rississjpi»i liiisin not y<-t t'oiiiiii in tin' Siiskiitrlu'wau l)iisiii

1. I.i>!iisiislil(l:i'. •"'• Ali|l>lvii)>siil,f. !•. A(lliTilliil;i-.

ll west sill '.'■ Aiiiii.la.'. '•• t'.vi.riiio.li.iiti.l;!'. in. Aplire.lo.lfii.lM'.

,,<'atostn, ;V (•ln,,..i.lx. T. nn..n.i... 11. S,.,.n.n..l:...

' , , . 4. l)()r..s..|iii.l:r. •'^ Alliruillhlir.

'conu'tl 111

Twenty two .sporinicns were tiikcu in tlic ( '(tlnnil>i;i. 'Plicy arc:

.■Vniiiiooii'tfs triilciiiiitin. I'tycliochi'iliiM orfiiaiiriisis. .'^alvrliiiiis iiiMiia.vrnsli.

Cut (Hi I II II us (II tost on Ills. l,»MiriHciis atiarins. < Iiicoi'IiviiiIiiih t sol i.iwvi sella.

CaliiHtdiiiiis iiiai'r(>i'li('ilii>. I.i'iirisciis Iiyilrii|>lilii\. Ciililinliia traiisiiiniilaiia.

'""*• l'aiilii.-<l('ii-< jdiilani. l.ciicisciix lialtcatiis lateralis. Cottiis asper.

""• Aeroelieiliis aliitaeeii». Col-ejLronils willianisiuii. Cdtliis rlmtlieiis.

'"'"• Ajfosia iiiiliila. Coreijoiiiis eniilleri. Cottils ]iliil(iiiips.

"• A;rii>ia t'aleala. SmIimc iii\ kiss. , [.ota lota iiiaeiilos,!.
'""• Mvloelielllls enillllMlN.
e.

p])elle

Till' (('II .sjiccii's t;ik«'ii ill tin' I' rase ystt'in an-:

Catd.stomiis inaeidclieiliis l.eiieisriis li:, IcmIiis. Salmo iiiykiss.

iileiise liii-i' , .\u(isia I'aleata sliiisw ap. l,i>iieisiiis Ualteatiis lateralis < liieorliviK'liiis tseliawvlselin.

.,>,i,ii_ Myloelieihis caiiriiiiis Coresioiiiis williaiiisoiii. Cot tils Msper.

iinii'iis. l'tyeli(ielieiliisiin't;oiieiisis.

But one variety. .[(/osIk /'nlctitu slnisir<i[}. was t'oiind in tlic i''ra.s»'r tliat was !■ )t
'"*•'• also ((iiukI ill (he ("oluinbia. [ Ltiicisoin Imltcatns has been taken by otliers in f.ie

le Keil i;i\ Columbia system.)

Several s|>eries of Oiicitrliifiirliu.i and Aciitnisi r an' known I'loni tlie roluniliia and
kie. from the Fraser whiili are not included in these iiuinbers.

the Saskii!
then its In

STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF THE FRESH- WATRR FISHES OF THE

PACIFIC SLOPE.

Almost every fainily of tishes iiaxiii,!;' representatives in the fresh waters of b<yth
the Atlantic and tlu^ i'acifu" slopes has one or mine of its Pacilic slope representatives
nioditied in one or the other of two directions: There is either a laryer niiinber of
laiipell''- rays or spiiM's in one or m(»re of the tins, or some of the rays hav(^ become modilied

n^'- into spines. The largest number of either thnsal or anal rays is almost always found

rmiiueiis. ^^ sotiift Pacilicsloi»e sjM'cies, and the ran^(M)l' variation is always <^icater in the I'acilic

slope species than in the .Vtlautic slope sp«'cies of the same family. altlioii;;h the num-
ber of species is usually less. In most cases the dilVereiices are Just percei)tiiile, and,
int. r oiitni! ^ereit not for tlie consensus of dillereiices in all <;ronps tliey would .stand for nttthinj;'.

,' The most mai Ued dinerences are foand in those fishes wlii<li are "■enericallv distinct

iiatleiisi' j:i i~' .

)tiiutiilatii- from their Atlantic slope relatives. In sev«'ral ca.ses these moditicatioiis themselves,
ilosa. aside fro III all others, are of ji'eiieiic imiiortance, as in tlu^ jj^enera Arrhoplitrs, Mnhi,

Lepidomt'ld, ('ulioiihia, ami the siibueuus h'irlianlsuniiis.
(•(■/('.s') arc 1 The modilications of the same set of orjjaiis beiiij;" practically of the .same iii'ture,

sstmriaici are umpicstionably «lne to one dclinite cause. What that cau.se is 1 am at present

unable to sa\. A comparatively sliort swift watercourse, as most of the I'acilic,
species, h;i\ rivers have. sufjj;;ests itself at once, but. as will be seen under the head of" Liical
'fore, can i --

The l'i-lii)iiiii:oiiliilii and Cfiilriiiiliiiln were not .seiureil l)y me, liiit .Mr. .V. .1. Woolniiiii toiiud
theM families in tlu' Inailw-iters ot' the h'eil Uiver system.

pro.
trrnni

9,

122

Bl'LLETIN of tiik united states fish commission.

Viiriiitlons," tin* iiiiinber of rays in tln'so streams (U'<;ioas«'s with the altitiulf iim:
swiftness of the stiraiii. .Moreover, tiie I'acilie streams of South Aineriea have Ntil
slioiter ami presumably still swifter streams, ami no such modi fieatious are seen ii
the fishes inhabiting- these waters.

The most striking ease, that of Lrncisciis {/{iclidnlsonius) is explained uiore full
in the eliapter on loi-al variations. In tiie subjjfen is liicltartlsoinHfi, vnufiiml to tli.
Columbia and to the Kraser systems, the nundu'r of anal rays varies from IL' to :"
an inerease of fnnn 1' ti> l."» rays over Lciiriscm, sonie of who.se species have aN
reached the headwaters of the Cohunbia, but who.se Jisiial habitat is the Atliiiii:
slope. The jjenus Oiirorln/iwIiiiH has a similar increase of anal rays over Sahiio mii
iSidfcliinis, wiiicli are jU'enera of wider distribution, some of the spe«'ies beiiiff fuiii;
on the Atlantic, sonn- on tlie I'aciHe, and some on both slopes. On the other liaii
TIii/iiikUus has a laruer number of dorsal rays than any racilie slope species.

The clianj-e fiom rays to s])ines is seen in Arrhoplitcx. Molo, etc. It is inn-
•strikinjjly marked in tiie chan.t>'e from Pircopnis to Vithimhia, the only known j>eiic;
of t'.ie l*rrcnps(ibv. The former is conlined to tlie Atlantic;, the latter to the Parii
slope. In tiie former, feelde unse<>,ineuted rays at the besinninji of th«' dorsal and
the anal are deveiopi'il inti) stron.i;- sjiines in the latter. Long ago Prof. Cojii
noficed a similar m (litication as to sjjines in Mvda. I'rof. Cojie says:

As ciiii! of till' iii'ist valiiiible results derivcil froiii ;i .study ot" tlie i-ollectioiis, it jiiipear.s tli:it i
ba.siii l)f■tllt^ Coloriiili) Uivcr is tins liiibitiit of ii isinall j;rou|> of lislics of tlie fauiily ^'upriiiidii; which in
lie (mIIi'iI tlir I't.ttiophnn r. wliicli eiiibiM^cs tlircc jri-iici-ii — /'/<(r/(>y(/c(».'( Cope, l.i'indomvihi ('op*', iind .1/
Giriird. The ni'oup dillVrs IVdmi others oi tiie I'uinily in the ))osscssioii of two stron;; osseous i:iy-
tliedi)rsMl (in, tlii', pistcriar of wliicli is let into !i groove in the hinder lace of the anterior wiilii
lieiiij; coiissilicil with it, tiiiis coustitutinj; a coiiipoiiiid defensive Kj)ine. The rays of the veiiti;il:
^xce|)tinij till' first anil sfiDUil. are siiuilarl,\ iiiodilied. The greater jiart of tiieir length eoiisisl.
an osseous dagiicr-shain'il spine, with ,nioo\ cd postericu' cd!;e, which overlaps the border of the suicr
inif ray, Avlicii the tiu, like a fan, is closed up. Tlie arliiMilated jiorlion of the ray either einer<>cs li
the groove below the fren acute ajjcx of the spine, or a|)]»cars ;is a coiitinuation of the apt^x it-
* ' ■" IntiU'est attaclu^s to the I'Ui'iHjitiriniv as the only typ(! of lishes not known from other wiii-
than those of the Colorado and Sail Luis basins.

An interesting i-ondition is .seen in llystrrinaipm, tlie only fresh water gemi>
the I'Jinhiotorithv. It is conlined to the Sacramento IJasin and has Hi to 18 dorsal spin
as compared with 8 to 11 in the many marine geneni, rnfortunately this is the m
available e.\ami)le of the chiiiige from salt to fresh water.

I give here a detailed comparison of the rays of the I'acilic tishes as coiiij
with their Atlantic relatives, from which it will be seen, as stated above, that in c\
family the modification is noticeable, although in many cases it is minute. As tli
possible the western iind eastern representatives of the same forms are placed oppn
to each other.

ACIPKNSKUIU.K.

iiii

Species

Acipi'ii.si'i' IrJiiisinoQtiiiiiis. .
Aci|M'ii.sci' iiicilii'Dsti'i.v

! Pacific t

ilnpc.
Anal. 1

2H-:t()

22 M

Species.

Atliiiiti),

slope.

1 Uorsid.

^ Duraul. i

Anal.

1
44-4S

:i3-:).')

1

' Acipcnscr stiiiio

Acipciiscr riilticiiiHliis

\ Acii»eiiser hrevirostris . ..

1

38

■Ar,

41

27
20
22

* Cope & Yarrow, Wheeler's Surveys, chapter vi, Report upon the Collections of Fishes iii.
in p')rtion9 of Nevada, Utah, California. Colorado, New Mexico, aiid Arizona.

^j^^Hj; I

titndt' iiiK
a have stil
are seen u

I molt' lull
iiied t(t til

II lU to :;
s have ;\N
tlie Atlaiiii
r Suhtnt ;iii

being tV>iir
other liai
li'ies.

It is 111(1-

lowii geiifi

> the I'iicii

ilorsal 1111(1

Prof. CdiK

EXi'LOKATlONS IN WE^iTEUN CANA1>A, ETC.

(ATOSTdMlK.K.

[ Lowluinl .<i)c'i;i(M wiilrli li;ivc ind \>rv\\ iilili- ti) iniss llii- Kotky Mountiiins.
I'm itir .sl(i|ii'.

123

SprriiH.

Uursiil. Anal.

>liurn>!).

i V

Not ri'iin SI iitiil (111 I'ui'itic i

Slll|l)-. '

Ii'tiiiliiiH ..
Cyi'lDptiw

CiiliiHltimiiiii .

\ I'lllllllSll'llS .
I ( 'iltdStnlllUs.

I Xyiiuiclit'ii .

CIlUHIIliHteH .

10-I'J r;llll(i.sli'll» ..,

l(l-l'i <';ltn>t<illillH. . .

r-'-i.'" II v|ii'iiti'iiiiiii .

11 rj Ki iiiiv/.iiii

.Miiivlrciiiu ...

J/wMx/ioiii/lri .

Kdt ri'|ilr»illlril nil r.ii itii
h1ii|h-.

MiiMi.stiiiiia. . .

I'llll OJlllllI'VIIX

(jiiaHHiliibiu...

Atlautir hIii)ii-.
Dorxnl. Atiiil.

21-30

9-1 -J

ii-r.'

mil

Ki-r.i

1-'

r.'-i5
rj

7- HI I

i|i]iuai's tli;it I
lidiv, whicli 11)

('ope, and .1/
;■ DsstMHis l;i,v-
luti'iior w iilx
' the veiitial
until I'onsisi-
r of the HiK (■(■
ler L'liierK''-* H

the iipt^x it-
loiii other \v;i'

water geinb
5 dorsal si)iii'
his is the (jl

s as coiiii'iii
.», that ill I'vi
ite. As till
[)hice<l opixi"

tic slope.

Anal.

18 of Fishes

Tlie Ci(tost(nninii' piestiiit oiui ttt' tlit^ casi-s which, if foiuid alone, would not Ix-ar
evidence either in one or the other direction. The average number of rays is slightly
larger on tlie Paiiific side and th) higli'.'st number of rays is also found on the l*ac tic
slope. The Tctiobi air and Mo.rostomimv are not ic])resoated on the Pacific slojie.

( VI'IMNID.K.
['I'lio aju'Cics .sliiiwiaj; an increat*! d iiiiiiilit.'i of ravs on I'illuT .slnpt' arc in italic]

,2-*

Ai'nichiulttg .
Oi'tliiiiliin ...
Lmiiiiti

Tiariina.

Kliinii'litlivM.
A^osia ......

Hvlmp.sis

I''iiiiiiiifhtli>i.i

Myliiclii'iliiH

MyliiplianMlmi. ..
I'tyi;lic»lii'iliis

^lila

Lell^i^^l'.ll.s.

I liifhardnoiniiit) I .

(Tijjonial

{Si/liilUlll) ,

iChfiiiiilii)

MvloU'Uciis

Liixnlinna...
I.Hpiiloniuda .
MimIu

I'arifli' sliipi'.
lli)l>.al. .Ui.il.

10

111

H
ri III- 'J

8

h
or I)
!>-lli

lil-ll
11,7
II,"

1-J

8

H

«

8 9

0-10

li)-l!2

8

8 Id

7-10

7-8

11

0

8-10

(ii'iirra.

0 Canipoatonia.

( linmonins

Oxyyeiiriiiii

H\ liojrnathiis..

TiniciiliiiU'.t

Kxii;,'lossiini . ..
Ciii'lilii;;natlni.s

Cliiila..

yutropijt

Kiizynilia

I'lii'iiai'oliiiis...
ItliiniclilbvH...

Hybopsis. . .
CoiH'siiis . .
l'laty;;oliio
Sfinlitilua .

LcnriscUH.
{Clinnitoiiiui) ..

( Titjoinat

[S'liialins)

(Cliciiniliii

MyliileiHiis

llpSlipO'lllIllH

Heuiiti'finia

Xvteini'junnii

Atlantic slopf.
Dorsal. Anal.

8

7-8

7-8

8

7-8

', 8

8

8

(

8

0-7

8

1

or!)

'--U

8

8

8

1

8

1

8

8

8

7-8

8

8

or 8

7-8

8-9

8-9

8-0

8

U

8

8

1

8

8

0

8

8

a

8-10

il-U

' 14 iu onu »p»ci(i%, iimially 7-0, in a lev. 10-12. t In this count, the two rmlimuutiiry spinos lire omiited.

124

BULLETIN OF THK UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION.

SAI..M()NII».K.

(irlllTil.

I'lliillc mImiio. il

Doritiil. Aiiiil. I

Atlantic Hliipe,
DiirHiil. I Anal.

()ni'i>rli,\ iii'liii t .

.'^alino

Siilvfliinix

!t-Il i:i-17 Snimo

ll-rj 1(1-11' Salvi'liiiiiH . .

il ; U-U I riiviiialhis*.

I

11-1'.' 10

lt)-i:i I !»-1i
•M I 11

♦ ThymiilUii i< |inpli;il>ly iiii IJiniiiOiiii clriiicnl in the Ka«lrrn I'lMiiia
CVrRINDKOXTID.E.

This fiiinily of about rtfry .spccio.s i.s roproseiited on the Pacific slo]ie by but Ion:
species. Many of the foniis are inariiie and only occasionally enter fresh water. T
this class belonjjfs the only species of Fm«</«/«.« found on the Pacific slope. Leaviii;
this out of consideration, we have ViipriuoiUn hailcifi from the Pacific slope, with iw,
more anal rays than any other Ci/priiiotloti, but with two less than the highest nuinlMi
in FiindiilKs, and Kinintrich(ln/s with anal rays eiiual to the highest in the family;

(Icucra.

f 'v|iriiiiHl(>ii .
Fiiiiiliilii.t...

Giranliims

Em|»'trii'litli,vs

I'nuitic slii)i<^.

Diirsal. Atinl.

10 lii-i:i

13 . 11

ll-i:i

1.1-1.-

(Jiiii'ia.

Joidaiiclla , T. 10-17

Cyiiriiiipilnn

Fiiiiiliiliis

Zyfimicitrs

I.iicania

(iaiiiliiisiii

.Miilliinctiia

I'dcilia

(iiniiiliiiiis

AtlHiiti

<■ hIo]ip.

Dorsal.

Anal.

T. 10-17

1,11-13

1(1-12

10-11

10-17

8-1,5

7-11

8-U

9-i;t

9-11

fi-0

7-11

i:i

1

7

4

t

9

(iASTKKOSTEID.K.

Tlie s]H'ciesof those genera of (htstcrosfchhr having rei)resentatives on liotl: sl(i
are iriveii in detail:

Spcrii'S.

I'aiitii- slop.'.

Spciics,

.Vtlantic Hlopi'.

Dorsal. Anal.

Dor.sal. Aniil.

rytjostriis liiailiy|iii(l

(J. calaiiliracliis

(r. Illi( TOCC'lllialllS

1

a. \M.10 I, 111

III. ll-l:i l.iJorUi

III, !l i:i I. IP

IIII 111 I 7

Pyi:o.-<tiii,s pun^'iliii.H ..
1 iastrrostrnm aciilcatus

VIItoIX-I.!t 1.9

lll.UtolU I, Dor 10

III. 11 1, 8

111,10-1;; 1, 8

III, 1'-' 1, 8

IV, 1-1(1 1,1(1
III.I. 11 I, 8

(1. w-|n:itlan(li

( i. llilllilliiltllM

KiKalia iiiroiistanH

Apclti's (piailracns

i 1

In Pi/iiosfrnx hraclij/poild we have an inciea.se of one spine over the maxiiin:
number in Atlantic specimens (P!i!f<)stcit.s piduiitlus). In the genus (iastircst' ns ^
infiueiice is evident except in ({. iciUiHuimni, in whicli there is an increase of o'
dorsal s[tine.

EXl'LORATIONii IN Wi:STi:UN CANADA, ETC.

125

< KN rUARCIIin.K

10

-11
II

Tlin fiuiiily dentrnrchiil I' ort'frs ;iii ii]>i»iin'iit (;vei)ti()ii, since siniie ot'tlu^ jUencMof
thisfiimily have iniicli loii^jcr liii>i than the only I'aeiUc slope represeatatixi'. as indi-
cated hy the foUowing tabh*:

llliliilii- uliijir i/iiniii irilliiiiil 1 1 jin >•! iilit'h I s mi llii I'aiijif itli'jti .

y but Inn:
water. T
Leaviii;.
p, with l\V(,
est nniiilii;
faniily:

OpUtTll.

I)iir.Hiil.

Aniil.

(Viitrairliim XI<.rXII.I-J • VII cir VIM, ir..

I'liniciviM Vl-vm,15 ' VI. IH.

Clii'iiiiliiMlim X. (tor 10 Ill.Hi.rH.

Aiinitliiirrlius VI. MP W ID

KiiiMiu'aiilliii.H ' '.(iiXiS-U Ill IV.ti-l{].

Ml•sl(l;(lnislill^ \, HP III. I'J.

h.-poiPPi'' X.lit r.' III.U-U.

Mi<r<i|iluipps X. l:i 111,12.

But a einiipaiisoii of Arvlioplifrs with its nearest .Vtlaiitic slupe rehitive j-ives tiie
folloNviiij: interest in f>- leMilts:

•lie.
Liinl.

11-13
10-11
8-15
«-U
O-U
T-U
7
4
U

u lioth sldi"'!

A II III,

I.!t

I,n<>rlO

1, 8

1. 8

I. H

I, IIP

1, 8

LiK-iilil y ;iMii .spfc ii'S.

Hill Mill.

Aiiul.

.\ri lin|iliii > iiiliiriiiiliis X HI. Ill ' \ II. !ii

Atlaiilir sill

Aiiililiiplilin I Ujir.stiis XI, 10

VI, lU

(rivinji' ail increase of 2 spines in tiie dirsul and of 1 spine in tlie anal tor tiie
Pacilic s!oi)e as eoinpaieil with tlie nearest allied species, and an absolnt*; jiain of 1
dorsal spine ovt.'r all tlic! otiic:' j-eneia of this family. As the coinparison on.uht obvi-
ously ti) he limited li» thos(> ijeiier.i or closely related it'eiiera having:'' representatives
on both sides, the contrast (l)et\v«'en vl*v7/(»^>//7r,s and AinhlopliUH) is very striking.

the maxiiiiii
(tstircst' »'' ■
crease <•!' *"

(•iiTTiii.i:.

In tliis genus the duisal and anal lays in dirt'erent spci-ies are as follows:

^Jirrlis.

I'lii'ilii .sli)))r

Alluiitir itlopi'.

S]MM-it-S

Diir.sal.

as)>( T

VIII, I\,nr \.

■jii.

I '. srlliiscaiil'l \'I I. lis

, ( '. cent i'<p|iii:ii IIS A' 1 1 1. 17

j C. ili.itliciiH VIII, !.•)

C. Iioiiilir.i \ 111 li;

f. lliai L;iliallls VIII I.-'

I, 'ilnl. mills \ 111. I'.i

r. iMhliui-'i VI-\11I, l,j-18.

IM

II
11
II

(•

('
('
(•
(',
IJ ('
I.') r.

\II,II1,I7

liainli

. ipi;iialii> \ 1 1 1, Ifi .

spilMtii- \ 1 1 1, 17 .

|Mi||iraris

viscoslls

:;riMllis VIII. l(i.

•jdiioiilis VII, 17 ..

l.i.lcoidrs VIII. 17.

Iraiikliiii ...: VIII, 17.

VII, lit
VI 18.

Anal.

12V
14'

It

'

', riiniiiisiis

... VIII
... All

It;

11

11 j

A vi'iam' . .

Av,..a-r

. , \- 1 1 1

17,i . .-

14 ■

... VII.

17

12.

126

HULLETIN OF THE I'NITEU STATES FISH COMMISSION.

Sl'MMAin <»!•' rilE 1''(>UE(J(»IN(S COMI'AUISONS.

1. T\n' ViUiitU', . I npcnticr transmontiiu US hii"^ a iiiiixiiiiiiiii of 7 iiinii^ tlursal ijiys
than iiiiy (»f the Atlantic spccirs.

2. In tlie VntostoiitltUv, wc have tli(> fjcuiis Xi/niiiclini with I to 2 inoio rays tlmn
any of tlic Atlantic {,'i'neiii of (latostDiniiKr an<l the jicnns (JatoHtomus with sl»('(ll^
havinj; 2 more (h)isal rays than any of the Atlantic species of the same frenus.

.$. lnth(^ ('yiniiivla\ Lepitlomola ami Mnlx ditfer from all other American specio
in the (leveiojjment of spines in the dorsiil lin. The <;enera Arrocliciliis, Lnrinia.
Poiionichtlu/s, (Hid, and the snbj;enera h'iclitirdsoiiius, S(iualiiis, and Cliroiida all luiv.
more rays than then- Atlantic^ relatives. The <;reatest absohite piin in the nund)er i<\
rays over all Atlantic slope spcieles amounts sometimes to S rays. To offset this w.
have only some sjieoies of A^«>^>v>/;/,s' and Notcm'ujonm with rays exceeding the usual
number on tlie I'acilic slope. In this family both the modilications are found.

4. In the Sahiionithv, the species of the ;jenus Onotrliyiichun have 13 to 17 anal r.iy>
while thehij;host number in the Atlatitic species leaches no more than 11 rays.

Tlu/inaUiis, on the other hand, has a larger number of dorsal rays than any otlici
Anu'rican salmonoid.

■~>. In the PercopNiihv, tlie fecbh', armature of PercnpHix is ehaiiged into the stnui;
spines of (JoUtmhla.

(5. In the (rdsteroxtrida; I'l/fiosteiis hrachi/podK and (ittnttroxfciis irillioinsoiii linw
each 1 more dorsal spine than any of their Atlantic contjeners.

7. In the Cvntianh'uUv we have an absolute gain ot 1 dorsal spine over iii
Atlantic slope genera, while the gain is 2 dorsal spines and I anal spine in ArchopliU
as compared with its nearest relative AiHhloplifrs.

5. Finally in the Cottithv, ('off us ((sper reaches a higher number of dorsal spiin
and rays and of anal rays than is ever reached in the numerous Atlantic slope spccii
of this genus. Tlui average number of dorsal spines is I more on the L^aeitie slii|i.
than on the Atlantic slope, while the average number of anal rays is higher by 2.

These data fully warrant the statement made at the beginning of this chapteitli
" almost every family of tishes havii g representatives in the fresh waters of both lii
Atlantic and the I'aeilic slopes has one or more of its representatives modified in on
or the other of two directions: Tiiere is either a larger number of rays or spinc> ;:
the tins, or some of the rays have become modified into spines.''

bxte;

DIl
OF

Vi

obtain

fl

C'

8ii

<:\

•For J
♦ Orilf

Illtl

and rav.>

gJ

C.

^1

RXri.oKATIONS IN VVKS'IKRN CANADA, ETC.

127

»rsiil vav's

riiys tliaii
;h sptM ii>
us.
ail spi'cicv

H, Lit rill id.
a all liiiv<

llUlllluM' Hi

;ot tliis \vi
the usual
11(1.

I anal r.i,v>
rays.
I any otiic;

I the stroll;

Dusoni hav

JO over 111
An'hoplih

orsal si)iiii
jlope spciii
'aeitie slii]"
;her by -.
chapter til,
•s of both til
»(lilie<l ill I'li
^ or spine> r

EXTENT OF VARIATION BETWEEN THE PACIFIC SLOPE SPECIES OF THE
DIFFERENT FAMILIES AS COMPARED WITH THE ATLANTIC SLOPE SPECIES
OF THE SAME FAMILIES.

ITtili/iii;; the (lata <'(»iiriiim'(l in tiif (letail('(l lists in the jiiXM^cdiii",' chapter, we
obtain the toll()\vin<;:

t'ilMlll.t*!^ IlltN'ill^ lidlh A tl.'ltit lr iilii) Pitt irir Sinlir spiM'JeM.

^VcilM'Ilseriilif :

llit'licst liiiinliir 111 r.ivs
Lowest iiiiiiibiT i>r r ivs .

I'ai'itll' h||I|II'. AtlllMllI- rtlMpi'.

Dnrxal. I Anil. IiniMiil. Aim!.

llxliiif (if viiriiitiiiii.

I illonlnliiiiiM- .

Iliulirst iiiiinlx'r III' r.i.v^ .

I.UWI'Hl llllllllllT of rit\M..

I'Ali'iit 111' \ aii.'iliiiii

('yiiiiniil;!

lli^iirst niiiiilti-r lit' rjivM .
I.owi-st iiiiinliiT III' riiN'^t..

Kxtiiit 111' viii iatiiiii .

SaliiiiiiMilj' :

lli;;lir^t iiiinilicr iil iii;. s
Liiwi'si iinni)ii-r 111' nivs.

r.xtriit iif > arialiiiii.

''viiiiiiiHliiutiil.r :

lli;;li<sl imiiiliiT nl' iii\ s
I i>wt at uiinilii'i' III r.iVM.

;i;i

:ui

11 27

'•■|

h

« ■'

r,\

i:i

111 t

111

1

■"» . , . .

;t ' . ...

1

11

'lO

10 , 14 '

T ' (1 I

;i !

!•.

;! n

-

12 1

IT

11

■2n ti5
11 u

:i

X

u a

— — ^•

i:;

':'

IT r.

Kxti'iit I't' vnriatiiiii.

*For iili\ inns icasons siilil'aiiiilii's ut' ('•itont'iiiii'ln- licit t'imiiil in I'aiilir wains ;in' nut taki n iiilo I'linsiili-rat inn.
f Or it" 'Ac li-a\'i- out of riiiisiili'iMI iir.i Tln/.ihilhiv wi' .iltt.iiii ilnrsal ]'■',: anal II.

In the toilowing .spiuy-rayed tislu-s the ('(Miiliination of hif;h('st niiiiilicr (if spines
and rays need not occur in the same species:

Families liaving Imtli Atiaiilii' ami I'm itir Slii|ic sperifs.

Pacitir slope. .\il.'iiitir hIoju'. I

Iloi-sal. Anal. linrsal. Anal.

GaHteriisifidan:

]'Vj,'OStl'll.S— i '

llij.'hest iiiiiiilii-r of -.pint's anil lavs X, 1, 10 r.lO'IX.I. 0' I. 8

(iastiTostcns —

liiu'hist nuinlirr 111 spiin's ami raws.
I.owfsl uiiinliiT III spiin-s ami rays .

IV, III 1.1(1 III. i:i

111.10 I. 7 III. 11

I. 10
I. H

I'.xti-nt lit \ariat ion.

I. :!

Emalia IV.I. 10 i 1,10

A pi Itfs liiiai Uisli wattv ol Atlaiitir ciiiist) IV. U i I. 8

Total t'xtint of variation in < lasttiostticia' VIII, .')

:i V'l, 4

Ceiitiaii liiil.i' loiilv a siu;;li- speiimcii t'uiiml on ratitiv slnpc).
Cuttiila':

Hitlliest niiinliiT of sjiinis ami rays X, 'Jn

' J I.tiwfsl niiinbcr of spims ami niyH \I!. 15

VIII, 18
VI, 15

14

il

Extent of vuriatiou.

Ill, r.

II, 3

I

128

BULLKTIN OF THE I'XITKD STATEH FISH COMMISSION.

Sin

raiiiilv III- Hiilifiiiilly.

Aripi'iiHciiilii' ...
('aloHtiiiiiiiiii*. . . .

C'\ prill iilii'

,Siiliiiiiiiiil>r

(',vpi'iii<Hliiiitiilii'
(iiisli riiyiciilii' ..
Ci'iitiiiiiliiilir...
riilliilii

I'acilii slippi .
lirlirta. SprrifH.

:!

5
4

1
8

.Miami

■ H

"i

»'.

1 ii'iii'ia.

M'

•if«.

1

i 2

4

4

It

•Jl

17.'.

4

12

ii

.\l

M)1

It4.'i 1

4

7I

!l

1

211
12

^Vc Irani rnmi tlu'.sc tublt- nat in all laiiiilies but the Cypiinoilmitidn with iiini

than on«' spnit'.s on tin- Parific sloite the «'.\t«'iit of variation is un'at<'i' than in li

wunc faniilii's on the Atlantic .slojir.* This iiiiKht have l»e» .xpocted if the ninii>»

of spci-ies were ^-reatcidii the Paeilic than on the Atlantic slope, but in most ca^ , .*""

the reverse is true, as niav 1m' seen from the following table: .^®"

variatid

seuHe lo

tiie re^rj

I>henoin

fiesli-w!

basin, li

Atlanth

iiiereu8e(

offered b

Hu8, whil

For I

tho Soiif

i Ithatnditt

iteeuljar t

^emarknb

ho Amaz

lave 7 do

It 18 t

ipecies fo
uy preset
minute III
lore 80 t
iff'ereuee.'
onceive<l
lay attenl
The pi
-miua, t!
ver systj
• an elex-il
■ stem,
tah. Tl
lese speJ
'monstral
Befonf

ly to 8t;i[

iiera of
tl lateral
St, varial
«; secoi
o considl
rposes.

I ciiti conceive of Init three i)ossil»lc ex]ilanatioiis for this variation:

(1) 'flic I'acilic slojic fauna maybe new as compared with the Atlantic,
etanparativcly new conditions may have thrown the characters into a ciHiditim
iliistaljlee<|nilibriiini with the selection of the adapted forms. The llnctuations in
tin rays of some of tiie species would lend weijiht to such a supposition.

(2) The I'acilic slope fauna may lie of diverse ori<'in.

('.S) IJotli of these factors may have contributed to briny alxuit the present eoiidit

This last seems to me to be the true solution. Most of the Ibrms have uinln:
edly been derived within c(»mparatively recent time from he Atlantic slope of >"i
America, while others liaxe a decidedly Asiatic cast.

.lc//> //.sv.'- and Oiir()ili!/iu-lnis are certainly of Asiatic (U'iyin. While 1 am not >i
ciently aciiiiainted with Asiatic minnows to speak with certainty, .soiiu! of the <^n
of miniows seem to have a decided Asiatic allinity.

]\Iany of ihe Ctifotitdiiiiiuv, the Ci/priiiiihr, and Salreli)iu,s, ArcliopliUs, and pr<ili;i
CottiiN have all been derived from forms from the east«'rn slojie of ^'ortli Anierii a.

* Till' only iitliiT ('xoi'i)tioii is iiitrodiirt'il liy Tliiimiilliin.

EXPLORATIONS IN WE8TEKN CANADA, ETC. 129

f with miii

than III li LOCAL VARIATIONS.*

the iiniii'"
I most lii-

SiiUT iill slnirtuics <lill'«'riii;: Iroiii tli»' nviiaj.^f arc usually ronCiiM'd to a dcliiiite
horizon oi imin- or less icsirit KmI icyioii, ail sacli (litlt'iomcs may Itc ((iiisidorcd local
variations. Tlic lar^ci /.oo<fcoj.';iaitliical icfjioiis or provinces arc in this extended
seUNe IcM-alitics. and the oidcrs, lainilics. or species arc llic local vaiiations peculiar to
the region or proviiae. A soincwiiat moie restricted dcliiiitinn would include sucdi
pheiioitiena as arc noticed in tlic |iecu!iar nindilicalinns ot the tins ot I'acitic slope
fVesij-walcr lish dcscnhcd in the prexious chapter. Sonu' <'iiinini<hr oi' the Colorado
basin, for iii>laiice. Iiave tlie anterici' dorsal rays srron;i ami spinous, while al! the
Atlantic- slope >pccies have Iheiii weak and riidiinciitary. Another iiistame is the
increased nniniicr ot rays in tiie lins ot' racilic slope lishes. Still another instance is
oB'ered l»y the I't rcnp.siihv. ('uliniihln has stroll;;' -pnics in both the dor.sal and anal
tins, while /Vc,(>/m/«. the .\tlantic slope <,^'niis, iias none.

For the present purpose I want to restrict the incaiiin;; still further. In studying;

; the South Ainerican catlishcs, I tbiind tiiat all th*- .Viiia/onian species ot' tiie ;:<-nu.s

Ltlantic. \IihatHdi(( have <» dorsal rays, whih' several of the southern forms have more. One

I c()ndit lull peculiar to the La IMata has (!-'.(; another from the San I'^rancisco has 10 'ays. ."More

nations in 'euiarkable still is the »'asc of I'sciKlDpimrhKhis ziniiiHVD. All the specimens taken in

he Amazon have <> dorsal rays, whileofa iimaller numl)er taken liirthcr .south several

lave 7 dorsal rays.

seutcoiiditi' It is to variaticuis like the last, /. <■., variations within the spcci»'sor closely related

have mall 11 pedes found in ditVerent hicalities within a restricted re;;ioii, that I want to contine

sloi»e of Ni'iy present remarks. Variatiiuis within species are a matter of lines and curves,

jinute nieasiirements, and shades of cohu': all matters ditlicidt to keep in mind, still

I ain not m 'ore so to represent to others. All naturalist.s are aware of the existence of .sliyht

of the ofii 'ff®rcu<*es peculiar to different localities, but sueli variations are usually luit va^-uely

onceived l)y the observer, and still more va,!;uely by any one to whom the observer

and proli; '*y attempt to ex])laiu them.

7 A ..Will, ;i The past summei I colle(!ted a large series of sitecimens of LvKrisrus and liuhnrtl-

mim. These were taken in a number of dilVerent localities and in two separate

ver systi'Mis. the ('olumbia and tiic I'raser. The localities extend from tide water

t an elevation of 1,1I(I0 feet on tlie Kraser, and from 'MM to l.TOt) t'cct on the Columbia

.'Stem. 1 have also examined a niimber of si>ccimens collei fed by l>r. .Ionian in

tab. There weie in all H'.u; specimens which I was personally ahlc to examine. In

lese speciiiu'iis the local vaiiations are so well marked that a ;;rapliic method of

Mnonstratin^i' the variations i.s possibh'.

Before attempting t(» explain the charts which illustrate this matter, it is ncces-
ry to state that tliere iiave been known from tli two river systems two {groups or
■n era of ('i/ih-inidir haviiif;' elongate anal tins. lesc were h'i<liiiril,si>tiiiis [hiiUcdtKs
d lateralis] and a section of Lend. sens iiiioiitxinis, hi/droiihld.r, and iiilli). There are,
st, ■variations which do away with the genus I\'ich<tr<lN(iiiiii.s, as distinct from /Aitcis-
s; second, a number of variations wiiich, while very striking, need not be taken
o consideration, because tlie \'ariations in a single character are siitlicient for our
rposes. We shall limit the ob.servation to the variation in the number of anal rays.

' liCiid at the Doofiulicr iiifotiiit;' of llic Imliaiiu .VcaiU'iiiy ol'ScioiiLe.s, 181(2.

F. e. 1'.. ls'Jl-0

130

bLI.I.KlIN ol" Tin; rXITKl) STATUS I'lsll COMMISSION.

Bull U. S

lOO I —

J

III till' Aiiicritnii friMicni nl' Ciipihiidiv tin- hhiiiImt uImihiI invs is iisimlly llxnl uit
two or tliici' Ini aii.\ ;;t'iiii.>. In tlif -;i'""l' "'' li>ii»'- hikI't roiisiili'iatioii tlio iiiin,
varies within IL'.

Now a wonl as to tlu' rliarts. Tlit' V('iti«iil lines on plates 7 ami H rt'pirsjMii
niiiiiWcr nl i'.nal rays, iirjiiiiiiinj: on tin- Irl't with llu- lowest iiiiiiiIkm' ohst-rvi'd ami .
in;: "11 tin- riuht witii (lie iiiyliest. A ci'rtaiii ln'i;;lit ( 1»>(> nun.) is taken to repi.. •'
KHI jieieenr. Tiie liei;:lit ol tlie riii\t' oii each vertical line is made to represeii'
jier cent oT specinieiis liaviny that paitieiilar niiinlter ol Ja\s expressed in iiiilliiiK
ol' liei.ulit.

Ill I lie talile lielow the iiiiiiilu'is ill the lieadiiijrs represent the imuihers of an.il
found in s|teeiiiieiisof /t*/c//'nv/««>«/«.v, and opposite each locality is jfiveii the iiiiiiil'co
speeiineiis Iroin that locality possessiiiji ;he ^'iveii niiniber of rays. Thus rroin J.
Falls. :,' specimens had Vlh rays in the anal, II speeimeiis had l.'JA rays, and I « lo
mens had ! W rays. At the bottom is ;;iveii the nearest per cent that the sum h|
yiveii e(»liimn bears to all the (3(K)) specimens examined. °**'

»c

l.iX'illlIV.

Kl.-v.i
I

rm.

I Niiinlif r of riivH lu tlii'uiiiil.

lu. iiij. iiu. ii4..i:..i. nij. itj. iniJiQj. '.'oj. -jij. -i'l^. -iij. 2n gg.

I'r"\ u IIi\ rl' t tttiintilittlS)
riiltiiiihtd lia.\iii .

•:e I 12

hU\Ui)l\i\U ihiithurhlox) 4 7r.' .... 2IU 4 |...

LaOiiimIr ...'. •.'7811 ,....' 2 6 , 11 4 ...

O.pI.I.ii •-' Tmip ....I 1 715 4,1

Calilw.ll •.' :tT'J I ...: 1 20 7 8

li.'VilHi.ilu' 1.47r) 1 1

fiiuilllla , ^iiiiJ ' ^ 1 5

I f '/((*■(• I- lUmiii. ' i ' III

I (irilHii Liikc 1 90(i

! SicniiimiH 1 , :t()0

K<'inil(Mi|is 1, I3S

Mi.tsiciii I

:i

1

,) 1 ...

la 2H 8

Vvv rfiit-s.

..\ 2 1 7 ; la

9 1) 4 8 13 17 11 IL' 8 4 1

... 1 1 u.

•.:> 18 8 I 2 I 2 : 2

to-

lO-

o-

Takinjiall thespe(;imeiis recorded (.'500), addiii},' the columns, and roprcseiitii.
variations in the anal rays in a curve,* we find that there is a certain number ol •><>
ders or peaks. Each of these rei»re.sents a distinct sjiecies or variety. The cMi
iiiterji:radatioii can be measured Ity tlie deptli of the valley between any two i-'**"
In well separated species the slopes of the two peaks would not meet. Now it v
noticed that the depth of the valley between tlie two right peaks is (piite .sli
and, ill fact, 1 lind the variation almost jierfect between L. ImUvntus and liitnul'
two varieties reinesented by these two jteaks. The valley between the iiiiiM/
and the two on the left is deep. In other words, L, Uiicralis is well separated o-
eharacter under consideration from L. InjdrophJo.r and uioutunim, the speci
seiited by the i)eak to the left. On the other hand,tlu; latter species luerfr*' in' °
other jierfectly in the number of rays.

I have represented in a double curve or composite photograph, as it wciv

- liy Mil ()vt'isi;;lit tliis curve han been omittetl. Tlie ln'i.i,'lit of tlio cnrve in niilliiiit'tiM-- ii 3-
poiiits i.s iii(lici(tc<l liy llii> iiimitxTs at tlm 1 ottoiii i'*" lie talde. With thisc the curve i:n •
coustriicteil Ijy usiug iLe liucs of plate 7 or plate J5. 9-

lO

uoc>j

elow ore (fivJ

tlxcil w

tlic null- 70-

'i'|)rt'!<t'iii
vi'tl ninl
t(i jt'iiii-

IfplCMil!

II iiiilliiiK

30-\

f, (»f illl.ll
tlif iiiiiiili' co-
ns IVttni
s, ami I - •<»-
111' sum I

i. -iH- 'i*''. 80
70H

i

... 1

1

■■i:::---

2 1 'J -

ro-i
represt'utii

,-. Til*' ^•^''
any t\vii i

. Now it V

is quitt' sli

and /*('""' o-

1 the iiii'W
sepai'-.iti'' o-

hc spocics

;smergt'iii''°"'

as it w<i^'

iiiUimftoi> ai
0 oirve t I

Plate 7.

(iiilliii Like: altitiiilf,

l.'.MMt IV. I.

Siciiinons : iiltitlldr.
l,:t(H( left.

Mi>Ni(>ii: :illitu<l<>. 1 fixii.

10 II 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 ZZ 23 2a

LOCALITY CURVES OF THE ANAL FIN OF LEUCISCUS LATERALIS AND BALTEATUS IN THE FRASER BASIN.

elowaregiren the .iiiiil luys, ii:i tlir Icl't tlic iicii'i'iits to lntl. Tlu" ciii'ves iviircsiMit the jK-rcfUts of siit'cimens having the (j'veii iiumlxM
of anal vnys. At :\lissi<)ii tin- 5,'riNiti'st peri'i'iit Imvi' I'.i iiiial ni.vs, at Siciiiiiniis 17, ami at (iriftlii Lake 15.

r
\o

i F C IB"** tip'int- )r.i ir Wes»»iR C»p»'t*, otc .^tIi rnii« M-:

PLAtt 8.

Miiliii Vi\\U; jiltltilili

i.;r.' f.'.i.

i:r^

iM». II: :tllll>l'l<'

30

y\

r i"iii,.!iihi. .■.iiiiu.i.' .»"

> il

11 s

lor
uli
till

(iiii.
;iit'
pro
li.rj

iiiid
oth

Clll'

tlie.

lo\V(

spec

IIUIII

but

witli

.Miss

inovi
imiit
not >
sloiK

of r;i

r

tioiis
iiiliiil
IdalK
uitli
'I
vatio
as in

ui'cati

r

tioii.s
uilii ^

uliich
uaiiisj
the mi

— t^'..-.. . ■- -^iA:Vi^u

KXPLOUATION.S 1\ WKSTI'.K'N CANADA, I'/rc.

i;u

7 1111(1 .S),tli(' Viiriatiuiis in rlicoii.' point, the iiiiiiihcr of ainil r;i\ s lor ciidi locality w hero
iisiiHiciciit iimiihcrot' s|K'ciiiic!is wciv obtiiiiu'tl. If will h,> sc(M1 that wliilc the curves
for different localities in some cases resenihle ea.li (»t]ier closely, there are no I \^ o
uhich arecMictly alike. In other words. ea<li locality has its own variety, wliicli in
the a;i^Mvv:ate is dillerent from the variety in every other locality.

Ill order l(» have these curves -ive exact results an e(iiial nnmlicr of specimens
(tii,ul'tto havoheeii taken from each locality, luit this was impossible, and the <'nives
are t'lM-refore, based on dillerent iiiiinliers i,f specimens. 'I'he hiyliest point woidd
probably in no case be mo\-ed cither to the riuiit or to tlie left by an examinal ion of a
larger iimidu'r of six'ciineiis. but the width of the ciir\e wonid probably be j;reater
and the hei.inlit aloii,-;' the dillerent perpendicular lines miuht be greater or less. In
other words, the smaller the nninlM'r (d" specimens the hijiher and iiarrowci' will be the
curve.

There are presented tlii'ee ciiincs for three localities with dillerent altitudes on the
I'raser system (plate 7). The number of specimens was. lespectively, 7!». oS, and I }•
tiie elevation 1, 1. .")()(). and 1. !>()(> feet. The \ariiitioii is seen to be much "greater in the
lowe.st locality, a fact which can not be entirely attributed to the greater number of
specimens examiiu'd, for the viiriatloii fiom the normiil. wliicii is 19 niys. to a Iiiyher
number of rays, is as great us the entire \ariation for the nex'. locality.

in the second l(»cality a much lurger per cent have the normal nnmbei' of lays,
but the normal number has been decreased to 17. The s])ecinu'ns from this locality,
with two exeeptions, I have identilled us />. hitrntlls. Those from the first locality,
.Mission, represent L, hidtiatiis.

TIk^ third list is iiiten^sting from the tact that the normal number of rays is again
moved two rays to the left. In other woids, the higher the altitude the fewer the
luuuber of rays ai.d the narrower the limits of variation. Moreover, the curves are
iitd s^mmetrieal lor any of the- three loealities, Imt in the aggregate the more gradual
slope is on the side of an increased number of I'ays, a eouditiou which, considering
the general variation of rays on the Pacilic Slope, seems to indicate that the number
of rays of the si)ecies (d' this genus in the I-'raser system is increasing and that the
increase is progressing from lower to higher altitudes.

The curves for the Columlaa system (plate 8) are not so unanimous in their indica-
tions. It will, however, be noticed that, with one exception, they show that the
munberof rays decreases with the increase of the altitude,tlie highest jioint examined,
Idalu) Falls, having the fewest rays. These specimens represent L. Iii/dnijtlilo.r. which,
with moiitdinis, does not descend from the mountains or high jdateaus.

The greatest vari..tion in this system was not at the lowest altitude, but at an ele-
vation of-,;>7li feet. None ol'tlie curves ari^ symmetri(!al, but the asymmetry is again,
as in the Fraser system, greater (Ui the right than on the left. The variation is again
ureatcr toward the higher iinniber of lays ihan toward the lower.

I am not aware that a similar attempt has been made before to reiiresent varia-
tions between localities. While the curves here givt'U will no doultt vary slightly
with every additional speeimen examined, the nature of the curve will prob.ibly not
l)e greatly changed. Certainly the imjiortant jxmit. that each locality has a variety
which in the aggregate is ditVerent from the variety <»f every otiier locality, can n(»t be
iiaiusaid; nor are a-dtlitional spcrimens likely to overthrow the generalization that
the nuin'wor of rays in the species considered decreases with the altitude.

132

BULLETIN (»F TIIL LNITED STATKS FlS^H COMMISSION.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS.

The fish fiiuiia (tf tilt' whole ic^ioii triivciscd is poor in comiyarisoii with tliat of the
streams of tilt- Oliio N'allt'V. I obtained in ail but (m species. al)out LM> pt-r eeiit ol'
wliicli were new to science. 'I'liey belonj; to 11 families and In genera. In the Win
nipej;' system. /. '., in the whole re;;ion drained by the tiibnfaries of liake Winnijie;:.
only.! of the 10 families characterizing the Nearctic n-jiion were oi)tained. and the
Pacitic Slope «'oiiiains only two.

The followin,, notable additions to the knowledjie of th«' Noith American fann;i
weie made b\ these explorations:

1. A species of l'initi>.stfiis { l'.coli(mhit(inis I'. Jonhiiii u\' t\ir Missouri) discovered
on the I'acilic Slope.

L'. \i)t urns fid n(.s found at the base of the Hoekies at (.'raij;", Mont.

;!. I'our new species of Xotrojiis added to the ea/it ( 'anailian fauna.

4. Two new species of Atjosia added to the I'acilic fauna.

■"). A new species of whitetish (6'(>/vy/»h/(.s' coitltcri) disct»vered in the Ivocky Moiin
tain streams of a restricted rej;ion in Ihitish C%)lumbia.

(). The fandlyof I'mopsithv found to have a reiiresentative on the l*aeiti«; Slope m
the new genus Coliimhio.

7. Several species of E'heostoma found in Canada, among them two new species.

8. One new i'ottus [('. omjclntH) added to the fauna of the Saskatchewan.
0. A new Cottiis {<'. jtliilniiips) discovered in the Kicking Horse at Field.

10. A species of Loto reported both in the Columbia and the Fraser. A specimen
.since secured from the Columbia.

U. It was discovered that the tins of the fishes of the I'acilic Sloi)e vary from the
tins of fishes of the Atlantic Slope in definite directions.

12. The extent of variation between the species of any given family of fishes on
the l*aciiic coast was found to be greater than that between the species of the same
family on the, Atlantic Slope.

1.'). RicliiirdsDiiiKs was ]»roved to be a subgenus of IjeiiciscKn. Its species were
found to vary directly witii the locality. Kach locality examined has a variety which
in the aggregate differs from the variety of every other locality.

Ndti;.— NiiKc lliis iiiijier Iwi.s lit'eii put in type Drs. .loidan and Kvennann have placed the I'louls
oC tlic I'isliu.s ot' Ni)rtli Ainerii'a in my liands, iiinl f lia\i' ailoptcd all the elianues in iionienclatiuc
sii.njio.sted liy tlit'in up ti) Citpriii'uhv. I)r. .lordan Iimm also made many .suijfrestioiiH re^ardinj;- tin'
<liai)fir on "Structural i'cculiaiities,"' etc., \\. lL'2, I lia\ c not Ijecu able to fi've these sufiKC'^'i""!^
the attention liiey merit, hut they wifi receive due eonsidt ration in a more detailed study of this
wulijeet.