.V IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) V iio './ V ^ A, "^^^ f"/ :A f/i fA 1.0 .1 1.25 lilM 12.5 IIIIIM 12,2 I!; iJM •40 2.0 U III 1.6 — 6" (^ e VI ei #1 '^ >'' ^> o '^' o 7 //a Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 871-4503 iV ■^ <> ■^ ^ *> * o\ <4J^ THE AND OF MISE FEW FACTS WORTH READING. What an English Tenant Farmer says about it— ^ Fm4s it mcwre thwi Iftll it was represented— iaming there aii4J^.*|^ Years to a Man's Life. iiitifc il f lilt. ) is I II .1111 1 lew oils, .vl'io this ^}ias IS il lo is UUUl ^Ois ! the •it to ^can- .0 to iini- liUCil lon- Ibv tiiose wno give information m rela- tion to fields for immigration, that the emigrant is apt to take a some- wliat optimist view of everything me met tnat ne proposes lo settle inthe North-west himself — very valuable ; and we commend his statements, with great confidence, to our readers. THE LAND iiiose wno give intormation m rela- tion to fields for immigration, that the emigrant is apt to take a some- what optimist view of everything ineiaci tnat ne proposes to BKULioiaib North-west himself — very valuahle ; and we commend his statements, with great confidence, to our readers. ' THE LAND OF PROMISE. (From the Montreal Gazette, Deccmljcr i3tli, 1882.) *•* We print this morning a report of an interview which a reporter of the Winnipeg 8un had with Mr. Kon- dric.k, a farmer from Staffordshire, England, on the subject of the pros- pects of settlers in the North-west. Mr. Kendrick came to Canada last spring, and was at once attached to one of the examining parties of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. This gave him the opportunity of ma iing a very thorough examination of \;he lands within the railway belt, as far west as a few miles beyond Moose Jaw Creek. Having had the pleasure of an interview with Mr. Kendrick, we have no doubt that bis statements are to be quite relied upon. He is evidently a man of more than ordinary intelligence ; has been at farming all his lifetime ; and is very careful not to state anything but what he believes to be within the truth. He appears to appreciate, what is too often lost sight of by those who give information in rela- tion to fields foi- immigration, that the emigrant is apt to take a some- what optimist view of everything that is said, and that, 011 this account, the most scrupulous care has to be taken to say nothing which would lead to disappointment. There is nothing more disheartening to 11 newly-arrived immigrant than to find from his first impressions of his new home, that he has been deceived by too highly-coloured representations. We have seldom met anyone who appeared more fully to realise this than does Mr. Kendrick. He has great faith in the North-west as a homo for industrious settlers. He is thoroughly convinced that a man willing and able to work, and who is prepared to face and overcome the initial hardships which are incidelit to pioneersettlement in all countries,can- not fail of success. And he has come to this conclusion from a personal exami- nation of the country and of the conditions of settlement in it. Such testimony as his is — testimony the hon- esty and candour of which is attested by the fact that he proposes to settle in the North-west himself — very valuable ; and we commend his statements, with great confidence, to our readers. ' ., *- N CO 00 o z z to 20 dai pra am (From tlu Winnifeg Sun.) Three or four years aao the Hon, J. H. Pop■ UJ UJ CC I oc Ui H u. < CC < u. UJ CC < CC Q. FACTS WORTH READING. On Mr. Kendrick's arrival in England, he wrote the following letter, which contains a groat deal of useful information for intending settlers, and for that reason it is puhlished in pamphlet form : — London, ^fh Jannarii, 1883. Dear 8ir, In the hope that it may be of some service to countrymen of mine, who are tliinking about going to the North-Avest, I send you this letter, which contains my own experience duriug my recent visit to Manitoba and the territories beyond. OUTFIT AT STARTING. Everyone going out to the Canadian North-west, should provide himself with a fair supply of woollen apparel for winter use. Single persons have no need to burden themselves with other things, but married people intending to set up house-keeping should add to their supply of clothes such household necessaries as house- hold linen, knives, forks, spoons, plates, and other crockeryware, all of which can be safely packed amongst the clothes. All these things must be properly packed in boxes, which, when full, should not exceed two hundredweight each, and, above all things, let them them be well corded and labelled. These precautions are most necessary, and when the boxes have been delivered to the steamship company no anxiety need be felt until the other side of the Atlantic is reached. Steerage passengers must either provide their own bedding, plates, cups, knives, foiks, or hire from the Company their outfit, consisting of a straw mattress, cork pillow, tin plate, can, knife, fork and spoon. The charge for the use of these things during the voyage is 3/G. As hand baggage he should take towels, soap, comb, brush, and a change of clothes. The emigrant will find a travelling rug and a soft pillow welcome additions to the outfit. HOW TO CARRY MONEY. Before leaving England it Avill be well to purchase a draft on AVinni- peg, which can be procured from any bank having a connection in Canada, reserving out of his store only suffi- cient change to defray incidentals on the journey. THE PASSAGE ACROSS THE OCEAN. The cheapest passage is obtained by taking a through ticket to the North-west from the steamship com- pany, and this is the wisest plan. The journey from Liverpool to Mani- toba occupies from fifteen to twenty days. I don't know what the price of passage tickets will be next spring. You can, however, always obtain the information from the nearest steam- ship agents. The fare provided oii board the ship is : — For breakfast, bread and butter, tea and coffee ; dinner, fresh beef; supper, the same as breakfast ; and twice a week plum pudding is served out. AW the food is of good quality. Men and women have separate sleeping apartments, and the general regulations of the company are enforced. The accom- G. or hiro outfit, sss, cork fork and 5 use of ay age is ! should ih, aud a rant •will ft pillow tfit. Y. t will be 1 Winni- frora any L Canada, inly suffi- er.tals on OCEAN. oLtained st to the ship com- sest plan. [ to Mani- to twenty the price ixt spring, abtain the ■est steam- ovided on breakfast, id coffee ; , the same Neek plum 11 the food Hid women .partments, ins of the ?he accom- 11 modation in the steerage is better than might be expected for the money, and will suit the labouring classes very well ; but I should advise those who can afford it to take an intermediate passage. Altogether the voyage is made as comfortable as possible, and when I went out there was a general feeling of satisfaction experienced in clearing it (unless goods intended for sale be included), especially if the owner has a through ticket for Winnipeg or some other town in Manitoba. In that case the luggage will be put into the train free of charge, and, provided the all- train route be taken, sealed up until Manitoba be reached. RAT PORTAGE FALLS-Winnipeg River. amongst the passengers at the treat- ment they received on board the steamer from the stewards and other officbrs. ARRIVAL IN CAnIda. On arrival at the port of destina- tion luggage can be claimed as soon as it has been deposited in the Custom House, and little difficulty will be EN ROUTE TO MANITOBA. By taking the all-rail route, although the fare will be £1 more per head, some time will be saved in the journey. If, however, the weather be fine, travelling by the lake route will be found to be enjoy- able and the scenery picturesque : amongst other points of interest 12 Silver Islet, the richest silver mine in the world, may be mentioned. I understand it is the intention of the Canadion Pacific Railway to place this is done it will not only be the quickest but the cheapest route for emigrants to take when going to the Canadian North-west, that is, by >- UJ _J < > UJ UJ Q. a. < b several fine steamers on the upper the Canadian Pacific to Algoma, part of Lake Superior between Algoma and Thunder Bay, a distance of some three hundred miles. When thence by steamer to Prince Arthur's Landing, and from thence by rail in a direct line to Winnipeg. bou] 13 be the oute for ff to the is, by Along the railway route there are several Government calling stations, where emigrants are provided with food free of charge, but it will be well for the emigrant to be prepared to provide for himself. If the number of emigrants arriving is large, a special train is made up for them, and as the journey is continued day and night, the rug and pillow open for homesteading, and, if the location is not settled, he will get the first choice. If the location he has had in mind is already settled, he had better go on to where there are other settlers, and make enquiries of them. If he be a worthy man, they will gladly assist him, because the cultivation of the surrounding land adds to the value of their own. It >- UJ _J -I < > UJ UJ OL Q. < b SHOOTING ON THE SOURIS. ;o Algoma, ice Arthur's e by rail in will again be found to be sources of comfort. ARRIVAL IN MANITOBA AND HOW TO TAKE UP LAND. He who intends to commence farm- ing at once will do well to go im- mediately to the part in which he intends to take up land, and see it for himself. He will get all the in- formation he wants from the neigh- bouring settlers as to what land is is pleasant to feel satisfied with o)ie*s land. It would be a difficult task to find a settler in the North-west who is dissatisfied with his holding. It may seem strange, but it is quite true, that one continually meets with settlers who believe that their's are the best pieces of land in the country, and they wonder that they should have been so singularly fortunate, and, as a natural consequence, they work on the farm with goodwill and u joy at heart. I undertake to say that there are very few of those who have spent six njontlis in the North-west who would, if tlie odor were made to them, take £50 to leave the country on condition that thoy never re- turned, whether they are farmers or lahourers. If a man has some capital and wishes to purchase hmd, I would advise him to call at the Canadian Pacific Raihvay Land Office at Winnipeg, where he can see the reports which are sent in by the examiners of the Canadian Pacific Kailway Company, and so get an idea of the nature of the land he Avishcs to purchase, and also of the surrounding neighbourhood. STARTING LIFE AS A SETTLER. The amount of expense incurred for breaking and back-setting the sod (which is all that is required to make a good seed bed) varies accord- ing to the locality. A man with less than .£100 capital would do well to work, earning, say, from 30 to 40 dollars a month, and save until he has got sufficient to go into farm- ing for himself with comfort. But with from £500 to £1,000 he can with ease undertake to purchase either 320 or G40 acres subject to cultivation, and get the rebate for cultivation and take up the adjoining quarter section as a homestead, from Government, with pre-emption if it is not already settled on. An in- dustrious man can make a good start upon a homestead with £100 to £150, and obtain a living and secure com- fort for old age. It is easy to locate yourself upon the section you have selected, for all sections are indicated by a mound in which a stake is either lixod or on which a tin plate is attached, with the numbers of the adjoining section, the township, and the range on the S.W. side in- dicated. The lines run exactly N. and 8. and E. and W, one mile apart, the road's allowance being first inarked out. AGRICULTURAL IMrLEMENTS AND OTHER SUPPLIES. The breaking plough used in Can- ada is similar to an ordinary English plough, except that the beam is of wood to ensure lightness, and the share is a broad steel share, which is kept sharp by filing. Ploughs, har- rows, and waggons can be bought at Winnipeg from the agents of Ameri- can, Montreal, and Toronto makers, who l^import them by the car load. Timber for building, tents of all sizes, cooking apparatus, and uten- sils can all be bought at Winnipeg. Tliere will be an advantage in getting grain for feeding puiposes by rail- way this year. - DEMAND FOR LABOUR. Teamsters are paid from $30 to !^40 a month, with board. Each man must Avork according to his means. Every man who means to AVork can always obtain employment if he is Avilling to do an average agricultural labourer's Avork. Mechanics also of all kinds are in demand. In 1882 I think I can safely say that £2,000,000 Avere spent in Manitoba in erecting buildings, and that in itself is a sufficient proof of the pros- perity and growth of the country. COST OF LIVING. Beef averages from Gd. to 9d. a pound ; bacon, butter, and cheese are the same price as, and flour cheaper than, in England. Manufactured articles are somewhat dearer than in England, in consequence of higher Avages being paid. 15 , side in- actly N. )ne mile eing first 'H AND I in Can- r English lam is of and the which is ighs, har- jought at A Ameri- ) makers, car load. its of all md uten- Vinnipeg. in getting s by rail- m $30 to Each man lis means. work can t if he is ^ricultural OS also of In 1882 say that Manitoba i that in if the pros- ountry. . to 9d. a L cheese are iir cheaper nufactured :er than in of higher SOIL, WOOD, WATEK, AND HAY. The North-west (say from Brandon to Moose Jaw) is principally prairie ; occasionally interspersed witL timber: small groves of poplar from thruc to twelve inchesin diameter. Theground generally is a rolling prairie, but there are, occasionally, places which are so hilly they cannot be cultivated. Ill the spring time numerous sloughs general, except in the valleys. The sub-soil, however, is mostly clay, and by digging to a depth varying from three to twenty feet,aplentiful supply of good water can be obtained. In many parts are beautiful lakes and ponds where ducks abound, and the prairie-chicken is found wherever there is timber, while the rivers are fidl of fish. All townships must not be judged from seeing one ; for they VIEW ON THi lake: OF TH£ WOODS. are found, but these dry up as the summer advances. Streams, some SAvift, others sluggish, are found in- tersecting the prairie. As there is nothing approaching in quantity the rainfall of England, streams are not found close together, and all tlie smaller ones dry up in summer, and remain so until the early part of the year again. Springs are not at all vary very much, some soils being suit- able for grazing, others for cultivation and not for grazing. Although all the grasses to be met witli are nutritious, and cattle will got fit to kill on grass alone — and good beef too. Some parts of the countiy are sandy and of little value, and some are low- lying districts, but taken altogether it is a wonderfully fertile and healthy 1(1 country for anyone to live in, and if a man sottles in a marsh he has no one else to blame but himself. The soil generally is a dark loam, with suflicicnt clay in it to bake by the sun, but it is not a tenacious clay. Taken as a wliolo, it is as good a soil as any reasonable man could wish for, and is from six inches to three feet in depth The subsoil is gener- ally of a whitish clay. are large enough for house-logs, but not for sawing into planks. I firmly believe that when the country be- comes settled, by which means prairie lires will become less frequent, timber will grow to much larger dimensions. A few furrows round a farm will pre- vent the fire spreading. In winter the frost penetrates the ground to a depth of five or six feet, which not only pulverises the soil, but the sub- STEAMER NORTHWEST AT THE BRANDON LANDING. The belts of timber will not suffice for fuel for all parts, but seams of good coal have been dis- covered lately : one where the railway crosses the Saskatchewan river ; and this is the one thing the country wanted. In many places the logs soil also, and makes it porous, and not soft and wet like the heavy soils in England. The low ground and marshes dry up very quickly in July and August after receiving the water from the winter snow and the June rains. In many of the low places a probi horse stack Top. grass of a do milk mucl 1' io-log8, but 1. I firmly ountry be- Baiia prairie ont, timber Umensions. m will pre- In winter round to a , Avhich not lUt the 3ub- grass similar to strong ryo grass is found growing, but having a (lower similar to water grasses, and having no seed. The average growth may be taken at one ton per acre, though in some jjarts three tons would bo nearer the actual yield. This grass is quite as nutritious as English liay. In August the farmer has only to mow round the marsh (for the centre will as fat as mud on their dams. The butter is also of good quality. I'MIMINQ AND STOCK-RAISING. After first choosing a location, the most profitable method of proceed- ing is to farm the section in the way most suited to its character : stock farming if there are good hay meadows and the farmer is a stock ^•J^^iSI^,''^^**''^'^^'^^""''""^ -^ ^'tf*J J.UL.,. SAW MILL AND BOOM-Lake of The Woods. DING. porous, and le heavy soils ground and lickly in July dng the water and the June 3 low places a probably be wet) with his machine, horse-rake the grass together, and stack it. This grass is called " Eed Top." In some places the " Sniggle " grass grows, and indicates the presence of a greater depth of water. Cattle do not give as large a quantity of milk as in England, but it is of a much better quality, and calves get farmer; but grain growing if the laud is dry and level and the farmer is a grain grower. On some sections it is possible to do both. I would advise persons desirous of stodk farm- ing on a large scale to go to the Bow lliver district, where not only are the grasses suitable, but where the cattle can remain out all the winter aud lA ilowell. Still there uie occasionally Hiiows, althoiij,'li thiiy do not last long, because of the warm winds which hlow over that region. lUit it 16 well to have a few atacks of hay in reserve. FARM HOUSES IN THE XORTII-WEST, ¥or building a log house straight young poplars from 20 to '10 ft. long on witli nuid or sod, and the cre- vii'cs an; lillcd up with mortar. Now that thn railway ia constructed, what is called a frame house can bo built. This sort of house is made of sawn timber painted, and roofed with cut shingles similar to Mnglish rooting tiles, and nailed on. Tlu^y will last for years. A settler can build al- most any class of house he wishes. GRAND RAPID OF THt SASKATCHEWAN-LOOKING Down. in the butt and about 12 inches in diameter are used. A hollow is cut at the joints, so as to make theni fit into each other, and they are placed on top of each other. A door and windows are then cut through. The roof is thatched with long grass held THE CLIMATE. The climate is really very healthy. In summer, while it is not hot enough to cause sun-stroke, yet it is as warm as you would wish it, and the nights are cool. There may be '» 111' ^i") "'■''t 1 .'II,' il tlio cro- rtar. Now icted, whiit 11 bo built, le of sawn (l with cut ish rooting iiy will lust I build al- 0 wishes. Down. srery healthy. ig not hot oke, yet it is wish it, and !heie may be -J z o a z < cc 00 20 a few light frosts in October, but the winter generally sets in about the middle of November, and although the cold is much more intense than in England, yet there is no damp, and the air is most pleasant to breathe, and winter need not be dreaded by anyone who wraps up well on going out of doors. I'KUITS ANP I'LOWEllS. In summer vegetation grows apace. Wild strawberries, wild gooseberries, and other wild fruits grow to much greater perfection than they do in England. The wild rose also grows all over the prairie, but the tree rises only to a height of 12 or 18 inches. It is not like the English briar and does not interfere with the breaking of the ground, for it dies away as soon as the sod is broken. Numerous flocks of small birds are to be seen feeding on the seed of the wild rose. From the perfection at which the wild fruits arrive, I con- clude that cultivated fruits would attain an equally high perfection. The wild flowers too are very beauti- ful. The red tiger-lillies (a small species of sunflower) and numberless other flowers can only be described as masses of bloom, and the country is best compared to a beautiful flower garden that has been left to grow wild. NO SUMMER FROSTS. The tale of summer frost is quite exploded now, for Indian corn ripened to perfection in the Qu'Appelle valley this last season, and summer frosts always strike worst in the low places and valleys. CROPS. If the settler is on his holding, as soon as the frost begins to die out he can grow a crop of oats, barley, peas, and potatoes, which will well repay him. Such has been the experience of others in their first year. It can be safely reckoned that in the North- west wheat, oats, barley, peas, beans, and potatoes can be grown of a much better quality than any that can be produced in England ; and, taken all round, the same quantity per acre can be obtained at a much less ex- penditure of labour. No man could wish to see his crops when growing of a deeper green colour than they are in the North-west. The warm summer and the slight rainfall causes them to stand upright in the straw, and it will be many years before the land will require the assistance of manure. CONTENTMENT OF SETTLERS. Generally speaking all who come to the North-west are well satisfied, no matter where they come from. Even i'^any persons from the United States take up land and stay in the country, for the climate is very pleasant, and heavier and better crops of grain are grown, there is no ague, there are no hurricanes, and there are no poisonous reptiles. BUFFALO. Although the North-west has for merly been overrun by millions of buff'aloes (or American bison), as shown by the bones lying scattered over the prairie, there are very few left now in the North-west, and buflalo hunting will soon be a thing of the past. FENCING. The young poplar trees make very , good fencing rails, but wire fencing T Hi can now be put down and is a last ing fence. RAPID PROGRESS OP THIS COUNTRY. Before many years have passed the North-west will have a teeminj population, and, as in all such cases those who get there first will be abl( 21 lar. It can a the North- peas, beans, n of a much that can be ad, taken all ity per acre luch leas ex- o man could hen growing LI than they The warm ainfall causes in the straw, vrs before the assistance of ETTLERS. all who come well satisfied, r come from, im the United td stay in the mate is very id better crops jre is no ague, les, and there es. i-west has for- jy millions of an bison), as ying scattered ) are very few Kth-west, and oon be a thing .rees make very at wire fencing 1 and is a last- to choose the best land, or follow such occupations as they prefer, with the best chances. To show how rapidly the country is growing I may mention that — The population of Regina grew in six weeks from almost nothing to 7)00. That of Brandon in 15 months from comparatively nothing to a city of 4,000 inhabitants. Banks and other agencies have been established at all the central town sites along the line, it being well known that those who are first on the ground will get the best opportunities. CHURCHES. There is no Established Church, and consequently no rates or tithes to pay. Persons desirous of worshipping God usually subscribe, and build a church or chapel for themselves. Sunday is strictly observed as a day of rest in Canada, and this is upheld by the Government. It is very gratifying to see how the various denominations prosper, and become self-supporting. SCHOOLS. Education is most liberal, and all classes receive quite as good an education as they would get in England. The Government give 1,280 acres in every township for the support of the schools. There are also several fine colleges in Winnipeg. A LAW-ABIDING PEOPLE. The people generally behave very well ; there is little lawlessness, and, as the saie of spirits is prohibited in the North-west, there are no dis- turbances. I trust these few notes of my ex- perience in the North-west, hastily put together, may be of service to any of my countrymen who are think- ing about emigrating. I expect to return to Manitoba in a few days with my family, as I intend to make my future home there, being per- fectly satisfied with the prospects before me in that country. I am, yours truly, E. Kendrigk. THE DOMINION GOVERNMENT OFFEIl TO AM. FREE GRANTS OF 160 ACRES IS MANITOBA THJE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. THB COUNTRY. have passed th( lave a teemin . all such cases first will be ablt ■ ■ ■ ■ 11 1 1 11 ' » " 1 ' ' ■ « «^ ■■ ■■ ■■ " " '■ ■' " " " ■'■■'* Printed at the Journal of Coiiiiaerue Printing Worlvs, 8, Victoria Street, Liverpool. z < ui I o I- < CO < w UJ X I- O o I o "d fk( o CD I z < ui I o I- < (0 < (0 Ui X I- g. gi o 9 ^q gag' S3 WIS- 12 O §'§«»-«. 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