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D 10X This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X n 32X V 12X 16X »X 24X 28X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto Library L'exemplaire filmA fut reproduit grAce A la ginirosltA de: Thomas Fiiher Rnre Book Library, University of Toronto Library The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont 6x6 reproduites avec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettetd de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. 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Geologist to the Red River Sxppdition of 1857.— In eharg<> of the Asainlboinc and Sagkatcliewan Ezpeditinn of 1868.— Author nf Narrative of tht- (.'anadian Ex- peditluni to tlie North VVvJit, IMIU.— KxiiloratioDn in the Interior of the Lnbrador I'cnlnBiilar, 18*13.— Oftlclal Keport on the Qeology of New lirunswlcb, lSrt5.— Ottlcial K<'|Mirt« on Waverly, 186i»— Sherbrooitt', lHr(>-M of the Departmental Reports pre- sented annually to the Governor General A the Dominion, is of the highest importance to the State. When known to embody fallacious details, the subsequent use of these details for any pur- pose whatever, necessarily carries with it the most weighty respon- sibilities. I respectfully ask permission to point out to your Excellency, firstly, — the condition in which the annual reports of at least two departments of the Government have been presented to the Gov- ernor General and the Legislature, during a series of years ; sec- ondly,— to indicate in part the subsequent use made of details in these reports for State purposes. I am compelled to take this step in consequence of the recent reappearance of important statistical statements, known to me to be grossly false, over the signature of a Dominion official occupy- ing a high position, (i) These false statements are used to influence public opinion in a very grave matter, and they are the rehash of similar statements previously and successfully employed in a great international con- tention. (1) Letter addressed to the Editor of the Toronto Globe by W. iB, Wbltoher, Esq., dated, Ottawa, June 6tb, 1880, and published in tbe GMe and in otber Canadian Joar- nali. Vide Appendix No. I. Mr. Whitdicr, tlic promulgator of these statements, is llie Do- minion Commissioner of Fisheries, and he closes his communica- tion, which is appendf'd to this letter, with the assuiance that it is "founded on ]»ul)lished information accessible to everybody," I propose to show your I'Acellency that tliis "|)ul)lished infor- mation" is gleaned or falsified from the Annual 'I'rade and Navi- gation Returns of the (jistoms Departments, and the Fishery Re- ports of the Department of Marine and Fisheries ; also, that dur- ing a series of years many of the details embodied in the official Re])orts of these Departments of Government, are of such a doubt- ful character, as to excite the gravest suspicions of their truthful- ness, and in some instances to induce a belief that the entries are fictitious, misleading and premeditated. The figures used by Mr. Whitchcr represent the averages of Canadian Fish Exports and Imports during different fiscal periods extending over the last seven and twenty years. Previous to the appearance of Mr. VVhitcher's letter, it had fallen to my lot, as an outcome of official duties, to inquire into the accuracy of some of these averages. I found them to be fallacious in the extreme, and to involve in their i)reparation and use, the gravest offences against morality and law. The renewed public use of these forged statis- tics, ner.es.sarily compels me to call your Excellency's attention to them, chiefly on the ground that they are of Canadian origin, that they consist of the falsified representations of vast internation- al commercial dealings ; also, because they serve, as records of Government, for the basis of I^egislative enactments as well as of imperial diplomacy, and are in a measure based upon Canadian public Records of tainted character, officially presented to the Governor General and the Parliament of the Dominion. I shall first make some general remarks on the averages Mr. Whitcher presents, and then refer to the details they embody, and their relation to the annual Trade and Navigation Returns of the Dominion, and the annual Dominion Fishery Reports. GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE AVERAGES. The table from which Mr. Whitcher takes his averages up to the year 1876, was presented in evidence to the Halifax Fisheries Commission, upon oath, by Mr. James Barry of the Customs De- partment, Ottawa, on the i8th Sept., 1877. It is printed on page 435 of the British Evidence, and on page 107 1 of the "Documents and Proceedings of the Halifax Commission," published at Wash- ington. The averages are printed on page 418 of the Imperial Blue Book, entitled "Correspondence respecting the Halifax Fisheries Commission," and the argument there based on them is credited by the Counsel to Mr. Miall. Hence Mr- Whitcher is so far correct in his avowal that his communication is based upon "published information accessible to everybody." (i) (1) Appendix No. II.— Letter to Uod. H. DelfoiM. 5 My analysis of these averages revealed the fact that in the enu- meration of("anaclian Imports and I'Aports of Fish and Fish I'ro- ducts, the following artifices have been employed. SF-C riON 1. , FISH IMPORTS BY CANADA KKOM THK UNITED STATES. First — Diiring the duty period, from 1867 ^0 '^73 the items, Oysters, (excepting the year 1873), Whale Oil, Lobsters. Preserv- ed Fish, Furs and .Skins of Marine Anim.ils, Ike, are omitted-but in framing the averages from 1874 to 1877 ail these items are in- troduced. Skcond — In the Customs Returns for 1874, the item "Furs, Skins and TaiU, undressed" — a terrestrial item — amounting to $110,258, is changed to "Furs and Skins of Makink Animals,' and introduced as such into the alleged average imports of F'ish and Fish Products from the United States. Third — The prices and quantities of bnports offish and pro- ducts of fish from the United States, as stated in the Customs Re- turns from 1874 to 1877, are in many instances absurdly high and enormously large, suggesting false entries. FoUKTH — The imports of Manitoba and British Columbia are incUided in the imports of the year 1877, but in no other year; these Provinces not being included in the Treaty of Washington. Fifth — While Whale Oil is rejected during the duty period, it is introduced in the free period, and "Crude Oil," a terrestrial jjio- duct, is introduced as a marine item, during the duty period, but rejected during the free period. &c., &c., &c., &c. The effect of these various artifices in framing the averages of imports from the United States during different fiscal periods, is to lessen enormously the apparent value of Canadian Importations offish and fish products from the United States during the duty period, and to increase enormously the apparent imports of fish and fish products from the United States during the free period, or since the working of the Washington Treaty. SECTION II. FISH EXPORTS FROM CANADA TO THE UNITED STATES. First — In framing the averages of exports of Canada to the United States during the duty period, 1867 to 1873, the Compiler lessened the official record of exports from Prince FIdward Island to the United States, and increased the official record of exports to other countries. In some cases this alteration of records of Government was made to very large extent. Second — The prices given in the Customs Returns of Fish ex- ported to the United States, when compared with the prices charg- ed to other countries arc so widely different, and so much less dur- ing the years 1874, 1.S75 and 1876, as to suggest certain conclu- sions respecting the origin of these differences. Tiiiki) — Certain large items of fish export to the United States, are absent from the Customs Returns during different years. The effect of these artifices, is to diminish, to a very large ex- tent, the record of exports of fish, and the products of fish from Canada to the United .States, during both the duty period, from 1867 to 1873, and the Washington Treaty period. SECTION III. 'I • • . ■ FISH EXPOKTS FKOM CANADA TO OTHER COUNTRIES. PiusT — In framing the averages of Exports to other countries, the Compiler has thrown out a very large proportion of the ex- ports of the Province of Quebec in the year 1874. Sec«)NU — By the introduction of manifestly absurd entries into the Customs returns, the fish exports to foreign countries are largely increased. The object of this artifice ojipeat's to be an- tagonistic to the object of the preceeding alterations, but it is sus- ceptible of satisfactory explanation. Thiki) — The Compiler has largely increased the fish exports of Prince Edward Island to other countries, and lessened the official record showing exports to the United States. The effect of these artifices and frauds is to increase the appar- ent exports of fish and fish products to other countries, in com- parison with the exports to the United States. I will now proceed to give illustrations of each of the artifices enumerated in the three preceeding Sections, commencing with the details in the Trade and Navigation Official Returns. THE TABLES OF TRADE AND NAVIGATION OF THE CANADA. DOMINION OP Reference to page 369 of the Trade and Navigation Returns for the year 1874, showing the "General Statement of Imports for tlie Dominion," will reveal two items designated as follows : — 1. "Furs or Skins, the produce of Fish or Marine Animals.". 2. "Furs, Skins and Tails — all other, undressed." The first is a Marine item, the second a Terrestrial item. Tt) Further reference to the Trade returns of the several provinces, as given on pages 49. 115, 170, 217, 255 and 291 of the same vol- ume, developes the fact that in grouping these items for the general % Statement of Dominion Imports on page 369, they have been re- arranged and by far the larger portion transferred from "Furs, Skins and Tails — undressed," to "Furs o» Skins, the produce of Fish or Marine animals," and these items are made there to read Furs or Skins, the produce of Fish or Marine Animals, $246,535 Furs, Skins and Tails — all other undressed, 41,826 Total, $288,361 The items should read •• Furs or Skins, the produce of Fish or Marine Animals, $ 1,051 Furs, Skins and Tails — all other undressed, 287,310 Total, $288,361 Again, — although the items are correctly given in the "Sum- mary Statement" of imports of each Province, on pages 388, 399, 410, 420, 427, 433, yet in the Stimmart/ Statement of the Domin- ion, they are once more transposed, and the Marine product, in- stead of being represented by $1,051, is represented as before by $246,535- This grouping of the items does not consist of a mere transpo- sition of values from one heading to another, but it involves the separate acts of selection atiil addition of Marine items and Terrestrial items to form the value $246,535 ; and this occurs in the Trade and Navigation Returns of the Dominion, and was repeated in 1876. Now for the application of this transforma- tion. On page 418 of the "Correspondence respecting the Halifax Fisheries Commission," we find the imports of fish and fish oil from the United States into the Dominion of Canada given as amounting to $728,921 in the year 1874. This sum, $728,921, is made up of the following details : IMPORTS OF FISH AND FISH PEODUCT8 FROM THB UNITED STATES IN 1874. S"tt"°' $275,804 , Quebec 265,723 Nova Scotia 166,291 New Brunswick, 19,238 P. E. Island, 1,865 Total, $728,921 8 When we compare these figures with the sums total of the fish items tor each Province in the Trade and Navigation Reports for 1874, we find that Ontario has 119 dollars too much. Quebec has 109,215 " *' Nova Scotia has 330 " " New Brunswick has 594 " " . P. E. Island has 0 " " Total $110,258 too much. On page 369 we find the transformed entry, "Furs and Skins, the jiroduce offish or Makink Animals" imi)orted from the United States, $110,256 which number is made up of the following : "Furs, Skins and Tails — undressed" — Imported from United States. Quebec... $109,213, page 115 Nova Scotia, 330, " 170 New Brunswick, 713, " 217 Total $110,256 These Terrestrial items being thus transformed into a Marine item, were then added to the Fish imports from the United States in the proportion given, (i) In 1 word, the conclusion drawn from these figures is as subjoined : The Compiler of the Table from which Mr. Whitcher's averages are in tiie main taken, first added U]) the fish items of the different Provinces, and then turned to the "Furs, Skins and Tails, un- dressed," transformed them and divided them as represented above. For it will be observed that 119 added to 594 makes the sum 713, which represents in dollars the imports by New Brunswick of '"Furs, Skins and tails — undressed." (1) I^1IU,'JJ« iM mitde up of the followinf; iinportud itcini: $."00 "Fura, Sklng and Tall-. uiidrcsHed, by Xova Scotia. 6«6 ' •' '• '■' do. do. 100,213 " " •• •' « "do. 'T.it.'n.n Total $llu,.^ and the Compiler gave .^., ...,.,... . ♦330 to N^ova Scotia ..,..,. lilt to Ontario. 100,21.5 to Qiu'U'c. 501 to N<'W ISruDBWlck. This arllflce Is repeated In the year 1876, and wn» dtteoted by tho proof-reader, with. Ii w-ever, the losHof 32,109 dollar* worth <>f "Fuii luid Skins of Murine Anlmala" which dieappear, accordhij; to the "Errata," from tlit ijupoitH of ISritish Columbia. •■, It is ditficiilt, if not impossible, to conceive any other process by which Ontario obtaiiu'il 119 dollars and New liriins- wick 594 dollars in excess oi their tnie importations, than by the breaking up of the number $713, which represents the value of the imports of New Jkunswick of "Furs, Skins and Tails, undress- ed" from the United States. If t)nlario and New Brunswick had not been thus credited, the enormous addition to Quebec's im- portations might have been regarded as the result of inadver- tence. lUit another curious fitting together of numbers draws atten- tion to "Whale Oil." It has been remarked that previous to 1874, Whale Oil was not included in the enumeration of imports during the duty per- iod— 1867 to 1873. The imports of Whale Oil by New Bruns- wick in 1874 are seen on page 220 to have amounted to $1,307. But the value, 1,307 dollars, is equivalent to the following figures : $594 — being the Compiler's excess of N. B. Fish imiwrts. $713 — being N. B. imports of 'Furs and Skins undressed.' Total, $1,307 This coincidence concentrates attention upon Whale Oil, which is found to play not only an important i)art in the framing of the averages, but also in the manipulation of the Trade and Naviga- tion Returns. Turning to page 169 of the T. and N. Returns for 1874, we find the Nova Scoti.i imports of Whale Oil from the United States to have been exactly loc gallons, valued at $41, or at the rate of 41 cents per gallon, while New Brunswick's importations amount- ed to 1572 gallons, valued at $1,307, or at the rate of 83 cents a gallon, being more than double the price of Nova Scotia's im- ports of the same article in the same year. The bearing of this observation does not appear until we group together the various Fish items imported from the United States by the different Provinces in 1874. IMPOKTATIONS OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FBOM THE ITNITBD STATES IN THE YEAU 1874. Nuva Scotia — Fresh Mackerel $79,791 " " Whale Oil, at 41 cents a gallon, $41 ) Ontario— Fish— all other $79,75o ) ^^'^^^ I^ova Scotia — Fresh Herring $7>96i | * P. K. Island— VicVXed Herring 18 } *7.979 iVew Brunswick — Compiler's excess of Imports $594 ") "Furs, Skins and Tails, un- >• $11307 dressed" 7^3 J ^ew Brunswick — Whale Oil, at 83 cents a gallon $1^307 10 Nova Scotia — Se«i Fish other — Fresh, at $2-oc "^ (i) a lb $i7'355 [$22,080 Ontario — , "Fish, other, — Fresh 4,725) Quebec-— Fish — all other — Frcsli $6,068^ all other Pickled 14.352 I $22080 Nova Scotia — Cod Oil (U. S. 1304, Newfound- f * ' I'lnd 356.) i,66oJ The first question which suggests itself, after contemplating these figures, relates to the presence and character of the details of symmetrical quantities in the RtK^oids of the far distant Pro- vinces of Nova Scotia and Ontario : Nova Scotia and Prince Ed- ward Island ; Nova Scotia and Quebec. How did it happen that these figures, representing certain Fish items, fit and make equal wholes? The second question relates to the astonishing importations of FHKSH fish from the United States by Nova S' otia and Ontario during the season of 1S74, ^ hich form the bulk of these figures. There could be no fiscal reason for the enormous importation of Ki(i;sii fish in 1874. after the commencement of the Washing- ton Treaty, for ki.-esh fish were tree during the duty period. Leaving for future consideration the answer to the first ques- tion, I beg to direct your Excellency's attention to the following tables, which show the quantities, values and prices given in the Trade and Navigation Returns for that year, of the Fresh Fish imports of Nova Scotia. IMI'OUTED FKOM THE UNITED .'^TATKS DUUIXG 1874, FOR HOME CON- BUMP UON. (2) NOVA .SCOTIA. Item. Quantity. Value. 1 Price. Fkesh Mackerel.... 1,612,560 lbs $79,79* 5 cts. a lb. nearly " Herring No Quantity. 7,961 - " Sea-fish other, 8,619 lbs. (3) 17.355 $2.00 a pound" " Oysters 2,863 barrels 6,864 2.40 a bbl. nearly. " Salmon 6,742 lbs. 1,210 18 cts. a lb. nearly " Cod. Haddock, Ling and Pol- " lock 19,325 ibs. 2,147 1 1 cts. a lb. nearly Total Value of Fresh Fish $115,328 (1) Hon. Fish other— Freah (puRe .107) 22,093, inrludcs $13froin Prince Edward Iiland, (2) PagoB IfiS and ICfl, Trade and .Vavlijation Uoturns for 1874. (."i) In the Ceucrul ^tiH(■ment of N. fi. IinportH for 1874, paste 169, no quantity U glvcD for tbU Item, but in tliu ijummary Statement, page 410, b619 lbs. are tntrodaced. 11 Without stopping to inquire whether it is in the remotest degree probable that the fishing Province of Nova Scotia imported these quantities of /'/rs/t fish from the United States, at the prices nam- ed, I will compare the entries of the most unlikely imports in the different provinces, which I take to be fresh Cod, Haddock and Pollock. . . -' - , ' ^*. ;'. These stand thus: — ... Imports of Fkesh Cod, Haddock and Pollock from the United States, year 1874. Province. Ontario Nova Scotia New Brunswick. Quebec — Quantity. | Value. | Price per pound. 294,515 lbs. $13,737 19,325 " 2,147 5,175 ". 671 No Quantity 60,450 4^ cents nearly II 13 " By reference to page 502 (1874), it will be seen that New Brunswick exported to the United States 109,786 lbs. of the same fish at a shade over one cent a pound, and she imported at the rate of 13 cents a pound. This is what the Trade and Navigation Returns tell us. The Fishing Provinces paid, — one, more than double, — the other, nearly three times as much for Fresh Codfish Irom the United States, as was paid by the Inland Province of Ontario. This is scarcely probai)le. It is paralleled, however, by the exports of Fresh Cod, 1-ing and Pollock from Quebec to South .\merica, the British West Indies and Italy. Fhe entry is as follows, page 472, T. and N. Returns for 1874. . ■ , ''.■•.%..',•. \ I,. , ' - • ; E.M'OKTS KROM THE PROVINCK OK QUKBEC. ' ■ I Covlfish —including Ling and Pollock, Fresh. Great Britain, 3,978 lbs $ 684 '■ South America, 451,848 " 63,508 B. W. Indies, 150,132 " 25,022 Italy, ' 70,800 " 11,800 Total 676,758 lbs. This is at the rate of $101,014 Fresh Codfish to South America, at 14 cents a pound. - j '• " to B. W. Indies, at 16^ " -♦r ■■ " to Italy, at 16 and in grand contrast stands the entry on page 502, "i 12 Nf.io liniiisv'irk. 1874, exported to the United State.i —Fresh Cod, &c., 109,786 lbs., value $1,106, or at the rate of one cent a pound nearly. Also in 1875, (>w'^/'f" exported 21,490 pounds weight of the same article to the United States at i 410 cents a pound (page 570, year 1875), '"^"^ '" '877 we find that Ontario exported to the United States — Codfish, including Haddock, Ling and Pollock, fresh, 283,000 1I)S, value $8,502, or at the rate of about 3 cents a pound — ip. 518 — 1877.) I pause for a moment to consider the entry. "South Ameiica. pounds. 451,848 dollars. • 63.508 Was it to Costa Rica, to Brazil, to Patagonia or to Chili, that the Province of Quebec exported in the year 1874, 451,848 pounds of Fresh Codfish, &c., at 14 cents a pound, as recorded on page 472 of the Dominion Trade and Navigation Returns for that year? On page 473, we may also read that Quebec exported 35,963 cwt. of Dry Salted Codfish, iS:c. to "South America" for $174,839, or within a fraction of 5 dollars a cwt. Common sense rejects the statement that the Province of Que- bec exported fkesh Codfish to "South America," or the British West Indies at 14 and 16 cents a pound, or that the large quan- tity representing more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars worth of FRESH Cod, Ling and Pollock were ever exported from Quebec to the Countries named. It is to be observed that the item "fkesh codfish" is exclusive of the exports by Quebec of the same species "dry salted," "wet salted" and "pickled." There- fore it can not be a mis-print, and it is on a par with the imports of Fresh Codfish, &c. from the United States, by Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, at 11 and 13 cents a pound, and also on a par with similar astonishing Fish Exports and Imports during the years 1875 and 1876. The items are used too, in the preparation of the tables from which Mr. Whitcher's averages are taken, which were employed for specific purposes. IMPORTATIONS OF FBB8H FISH FROM THE UNITKD 8TATE8. In order to show that the importations of Fresh Fish and Fish Products by different Provinces from the United States in 1874 are not only abnormal, but excessive in quantity and price, I subjoin comparative Tables showing how particular items stand out in bold relief when arranged in order. Table showing the Imports from the United States of fresh ri8H by the Provinces of Ontario and Nova Scotia during a series of years — for home consumption. (NotJ" 'uding Oysters.) . • IS Year. | Ontario. Nova Scotia Total. 1872 $ 9.896 $ 3.37« $ 13.274 1^73 12.553 0 1 2,5 S3 1S74 99,436(1) 108,404 207,900 '875 30.871 .. >.033 31.904 1876 23.407 . ... 7.109 30,516 1877 12,034 2,o8i 14,115 1878 9.945 309 10,245 .Jll'L. 15,820 • 767 16,587 Wek'arn from this table, that in 1874, Ontario imported more than 3 times as much fresh fish in 1874, and Nova Scotia more than 15 times as much fresh fish, as in any year of the series of 8 years given in the table, either before or after. We will now take the imports of Quebec as concerns the item "Pickled Fish" enumerated among the symmetrical numbers on page 10. IMI'OinS OP -Fisn, AI,L OTMKR— riOriLKD"-FROM THE uniteo STATKS TO THK I'UOVINCK OK QUEBEC. 1873 $ 364 1874 14,352 • 1875 721 1876 No Entry. 1*^77 9 1878 No Entry. 1879 30 " ' ■■ The Imports of Pickled Fish from the United States stand out in similar marked contrast in 1874. The same observation ap- plies to Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. NOVA SCOTIA. ■ ' ■ ' " THE ITEM "SKAFISH-OTnER, FKESII," AND "SEA-PISH, ALL DTHEll." FUKsiH." ' .:.f. Imports of Nova Scotia from (he United States. 1873- 1874. 1875- 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. No Entry $17,355 866 7,285 10 36 666 (1) In the — KttKSH Ihe general Statement oflmportK, page 388, oecnrs the "—United 8tut<'«. t86,R18, which is made up of tiie itei Item items ,5?-; . Fish— all other Ontario— Fish— all other Quebec— " " Fre«h _ _ _ _ Total, — — 79,760, p. 40 6,068. p. 114 85,818 which shows that thn item Fish all other, — — — _ _ _ 78,760 refenrd to Fresh Fish. Vide also page 867 and 449, for "Sea-Fish, other, fbrsh. u NEW BRUNSWICK. THK n KM "OVSTKKS IN HAUUELS." Imports of New Brunswick from the United States. 1873 $ 581 1874 13,274 1875 6,989 1876 5)056 1877 2,874 1878 826 • ' 1879 1,608 The prices of "Fish Oil — other" stand out in the same un ^qual measure in 1874 for Quebec. They are as follows : . . • "Fish Oil— other"— Quebec. • ;'. ' , - Year. 1S73 No Entry. 1874 ... $1.18 per gallon. 7875 39 cents nearly. 1876 31 ^ cents nearly. 1877 37 do. 1878 37 do. I 1877 39 do. The amount of Fish Oil imported by Quebec in 1874 from the United States is very large, and make a considerable difference in the imports at the price named. The item is Fish Oil, other 16,696 gallons, $19,789 The value of the reported Catch of Salmon in the Province of New Brunswick in 1873 and 1874 is also in marked contrast with the Catch of other years. Strange to say too, the exports of Sal- mon during those years do not conform to the catch. Tabulated, these details are as follows : — OFFICIAL VALUE OF THK SALMON CATCH, AND EXP0UT8 OF NEW BRUNSWICK. (Fiscal year ends 30th June.) Year. | Value of Catch. 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 176,945 201,062 207,767 527,312 605,997 284,235 140,482 233,654 262,885 254,224 Exports. Difference. 136,052 40,893 125,550 75-512 84,247 123,520 95,985 431.327 157,024 448,973 134,061 150,174 75,931 64,551 101,117 132,537 237,278 25,607 -^ 203,977 50)248 .. What can have become of the enormous quantities not export- ed, amounting in vahie to $431,327, and $448,973 for New Brunswick alone in 1873 and 1.S74. The same remark applies to the Dominion Exports of Salmom in that year. Hitherto I have confined my remarks chiefly to the year 1874, but similar anomalies are to be found in the years 1875, ^876 and 1877, and in articles of a totally different class. The following comparison of the annual imports of Oysters by the Province of Ontario is suggestive : Importations of Oysters from the United States by the Province of Ontario. 1873 $139,894 1874 134.326 1875 210,186 1876 172,170 1877 174,008 1878 144,457 ' • 1879 125,484 Although the total values of imported oysters by Ontario are excessive in 1875, 1876 and 1877, ^^ '^ ^^^ P"<^^ ' harged per barrel in the Trade and Navigation returns which excite aston ishment. These are as follows : , Year 1875, Ontario,$i 1.38 per barrel Nova Scotia. $3.73 Quebec, 9.21 " " New Brunswick 3.74 $20.59 ^or '^^0 bbls. $7-47 for two bbls. Mean $10.29 $3-73 Year 1876, Ontario, $8.97 per barrel Nova Scotia, $3.73 Quebec, 7.26 " " New Brunswick 3.82 $16.23 for two bbls. ■ $7.55for two bbls. Year 1879, Ontario — $5.63 per barrel. Nova Scotia — $4.61 per barrel. Quebec — 4.53 " " New Brunswick 3.60 '* " $10.16 for two barrels. $8- 2 1 for two barrels The discrepancies in the charges for 'oysters in barrels' during 1875 and 1879 ^or ^^^ Provinces of Ontario and Quebec is very striking when taken in connection with other discrepancies pointed out. All of these abnormal entries can not be mistakes, because in relation to Imports, they are all in excess, and, as I 10 shall now proceed to show, similar anomalies in the Expouts to the United States, are all in detect. KXl'OKl.S TO THE UNITED STATES. In order to illustrate the extraordinary differences which exist in the Kj-imrt prices of certain articles to the United States dur- ing the years 1874, 1875 and 1876, compared with the export prices charged to other countries I append the subjoined table. I'RICKs OF "CODFI.SH-DRy SALTED'— KXPOKTED FROM NOVA SCOTIA TO THE Sl-AM.SII WEST INDIES AND TO TUE UNITED STATES. Year. | Si)anish West Indies. United States. DifTerence. i^U $3.82 $3.60 $ .22 less. 1874 4.14 2.62 152 '• 1875 4.88 . 3-77 1.11 " 1876 4.80 3-78 1.02 " 1877 4-38 3-69 .40 " 1878 4.04 3-42 .62 " 1779 3-89 J-36 •S3 " It will be observed that this remarkable depreciation of price put upon the exports of Codfish to the United States, occurs in the same years as the extraordinary increase of price and quan- tity of IMPORTED items from the United States — It ceases in 1877. In 1876, the quantities involved are large, and the United States is served with Codfish, &c., at the rate of $3.57 per cwt., while ".South America" and British Guiana are charged over $5.00 per cwt. The figures are (page 472) DOMINION EXPORTS OF DRY SALTED CODFISH— 1879. United States, 42,323 cwt.... $151,770. or $3.57 per cwt. South America 57,850 " ... 295,258, or 5.10 " British Guiana 31 130 " ... 158,127, or 5.0? " From this we learn, according to the Trade and Navigation Returns, that 31,130 cwt. of Dry Codfish, &c. sent to British Guiana, brought more money than 42,323 cwt. sent to the Unit- ed States. In 1 874, New Brunswick is actually recorded to have sent 9,863 cwt. of Cod, Haddock, Ling and Pollock, dry salted, to the United States at the rate of 76 cents a cwt. (page 502,) and to Italy 2,080 cwt. at 4 dollars a cwt. The entries are Codfish — including Haddock, Ling and Pollock, dry salted — Exported to The United States, 9,863 cwt., valued at $7,586 Italy, 2,080 " " " 8,320 ■ 17 And what can the following entry mean ? EXPORTS OK PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Codfish— Salted, (page 516.)— 1«74- Great Britain, 13 cwt $3-098 United States, 30 cwt., 10,708 British W. Indies 24 cwt., 9A02 Total, 67 cwt., $23,208 From this we learn that in i874 Prince Kdward Island export- ed 37 cwt. of Salted Codfish to Great Britain and the British West Indies for 12,500 dollars, and 30 cwt. to the United States for 10,708 dollars. The aggregate exportation being at the rate of 344 dollars per hundredweight for Salted Codfish. It is the same with regard to Herring. The following table shows that, while in one Province a reasonable export price was recorded, in another Province a remarkably low export price was charged for exports to flic United States. .. EXPO UTS OK PICKLED HERRING TO THE UNITED STATES. ' ' ' Per Barrel. 1874— Province of Quebec, $1-43 1875 do. do. 1.07 1876 do. do 2.52 1877 do. do 2.80 1875 — Province of Nova Scotia, $4-47 1876 do. do. do 4-00 IMPORT!^ OF PICKLED HEKKING BY PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND QUEBEC FK»M THE UNITKD STATES IN 1 87 7. 'I'^r- PUINCE EDWAUD ISLAND. 1874 5 Barrels, $iS 1875 No imports from the United States. ■' ' 1876 3 cwt $ 10 1877 1,427 Barrels 6,808, at $4.77 per Barrel, and in 1877 Prince Edward Island is recorded to have exported to the United States 1,210 barrels of Pickled Herring for $3,855, or at the rate of $3.18 a barrel, a difference of $1.59 per bairel, between the import and export price of Pickled Herring for the Province of Prince Edward Island, being more than the total value per barrel charged by Quebec in 1874 and 1875 (or similar articles exported to the United States. , ^,, t8' 'I'liis importation of" 6.K0S dollars worili of pi^'kled herring by Prince t^dward Island from the United Slates in 1877, is most surprising. 'I'he price, $4.77 i^er barrel is nniiarallelecL In order to show how this ;d)nflr^«fMhe same article from the United States at $i..78 per barrel, or more than four times as much as she sold her own produce for, according to the Trade and Navigation Returns. The other Provinces imported at reasonable charges. SMOKEP HERia.NG. In 1876, Nova Scotia sent Smoked Herring to the United States at a trifle over one cent a pound, but to Danish West Indies and Hayti, at about 2^y( cents a pound. New Brunswick, in 1877, sent Smoked Herring to Great Britain at over 7 cents a pound, to British West Indies at 2 4-10 cents a pound, and to the United States at i 6-10 cents a poimd. Similar distinguishing export charges are observed in relation to Canned Salmon. The United States as usual being supplied with the cheap article. KXl'OUTS <)!• C.VNSKO SALMON KKOM QIJEBKr. ' Year 1874 — Exported to (Ireat Britain at 20 rents. '• to United States at 7 3-10 rents. In 1876 the exj)ort i)rice of Canned Salmon to the United States was charged 17 cents, but according to the record of 1874 about 200.000 i)nuiKls of Qucl)ec (^^anned Sahnon sent to England, brought more than tw'wc m much morey as 221,000 pounds sent to the United States. Prince Edward Island, in 1S75, sent Canned Salmon to Great Britain at i6}4 cents a j.'ound, and to the United States at 6'/j cents a pound (page 559I. KXrOKT.SOK LOBSTERS KKOM NKW HUUNSWICK A.N1> IMilNCK KUWAItl> '^'■^'" ISLAND. In 1877, New Brunswick exported 752,126 pounds of preserv- ed Lobsters to Great Britam at 11 8-10 cents per pound, but to the United States she sent 186,722 i)oui;ds at 6 i-io cents a pound, (p. 583) In 1875, Prince Edward Isl nd sent 8,902 dollars worth of preserved Lobsters to Great Britain at 15 cents a pound, and 1,600 dollars worth to the United States at 16 cents a pound, but in 1876 Prince Edward Island sent 20.494 dollars worth of pre- served Lobsters to Great Britain at 30 cents a pound, and 5,766 dollars worth to the Uniied States at 50 cents a pound— (page 462) The price is higher but the qiiantuy is very much less. The price compared with 1875 is astonishing. > " ' KXPOltTS OK HALIBUT TO THR UNrTKD 8TATKS. In 1874, Nova Scotia sent Pickled Halibut to the United States at $14.40 cents a barrel, whereas New Brunswick in the same year sent pickled Halibut to the same market at $3.24 a barrel, (p. 488 and 503,) or for less than one quarter the price. The entries are— Exported to the United States. Nova Scotia, 432 Barrels Pickled Halibut $ 6,224 New Brunswick, 5,442 ^' " " 17.651 There is, however, another feature to be noticed in our ex- ports to the United States. Certain items during particular years disappear from the Record— one item in one year, another item in another year— and there is no knowing how far this practice has been carried. By way of illustration I will take the Province of New Brunswick. KXP0RT8 FIIOM VKW BRlJNSWlCIv TO I'lIK f.VI I'Kn S rAlV.a. THK ITKM "FISH, AI.L OIIIEK-KUKfill ' 1873 $ '.428 1874 3I1O40 , 1875 42,834 . ' ,:. 1876 '1.75''^ 1877 — No exports of "Fish, all other — i'rcsh" this year to the United States, 1878 '. 82,929 1879 4', 5" THK in M 'SKA FISH, OTIIEII-FIIKSII •' • 873 $ "8 1874 22,4"6 '. 1875 23.4S4 1876 — No exports of "Sea Fish, other — Fresh" this year to the United States. , , 1877 5o,i(i2 1878 35.259 1879 i(), 191 These imi»ortant items thus disappear from the record in 1876 and 1877, and the cjiiestion arises, what l)ec'me of the prolific yield of the growing Winter Fisheries of New Brunswick in those years ? PRICK OF EXPORTS OF "SEA FISII. OTHEIt-FRESH" TO THE INMTr.I) STATEri. New Brunswick. . 1874 — 4,123,900 lbs. $22,486 at the rate of yi c. a lb. nearly 1875—1.335-400 " 23,484 " " " " I 7-10 " 1876 — No 'Sea Fish, other-Fresh' exported to the United Stages The contemplation of these omissions, coupled with the re- markable prices, the introduction of excessive alleged importa- tions to hot, foreign countries, of commercially impossible ar- ticles, throws a doubt upon all the fish entries, both export and import, during the years 1874, 1875 and 1876. It will be remarked that, while our imports of Fish and Fish Products from the United States are excessive in quantity and ab.^urdly high in price during these years, our exports to that country are exceedingly low in valuation, and in some instances disappear altogether. These features wear the aspect of design to a degree impossible to escape attention, and suggest premeditated and concurrent action. The transformation of "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed" into a Marine Prjduct, involving the selection and addition of Marine and Terrestrial items, coupled with the subsequent use of the transformed items, gives vivid color to this supposition. 21 THE CHAInGE in THE YEARS 1873 & 1879. The following deduction from tlic fiymos siipijlicd by .Mr. Whitcher in his communication to tlie Toronto 11, <>!>■, will illr.s- Irate better than any enumeration of dctaiis the efiTjct of th? an- omalies I have pointed out in the I'rade and Navigation Returns during the years 1874, 1875, 1876 and 1S77, ujjon our sujjposcj Fish Trade relations, and the sudden return to a very diff.-rent stale of things when the entries ceased toexliibitan aljnornia! and perplexing character. Mr. Whitcher informs us that "under the reciprocal provisiitiis of the Washington Treaty, Canada has imported from the United States, an annual average of 66."), 1 76 dollars worth of l-'isii pro- ducts." This is the average of six years experience, and < cvers tlierefore a total imi)ortati," an niial exports to tin- United States from 1874 to 1H77 in( lusive, given • s aniountif;^ to $i,505,.S.SS, or, in the ag^'regate to $6. 023, 552. Deducting this amount from $10,320,936, there remains $4,297,384, whicli np.esentsour expo'-ts to the United States for the yars 1878 and 1879, or at tlie rate of $2,148,692 per an- num. labulated, the difference is thus : — . AVERAGK ANNUAL KXPOUTS TO THE tiNITKD STATKH. During 1878 to 1879 inchisive $2,148,692 During 1S74 to 1877 inclusive 1,505,888 Average annual increase since 1877 $642,804 or about 30 per ctMit. Therefore, according to Mr. Whitcher's figures compared with the "published information" to which he refers, our average an- nual imports of fish and fish products from the United States have diminished by $160,38 ; during the past two years, and our average annual exports to the United States have increased by $642,804. According to these figures the direction of our fish trade with the United States has turned inimen.sely in our favour during the pa^it two years. The effect of this great change, if it exists, in the Fish Trade of the Dominion, according to Mr. Whitcher's figures, may be gathered from the following "Summary Statement of the Exports of Nova Scotia" for the year 1879, (i) Produce. The Fisheries The Mine The Forest Animals and their Pioducts Agricultural Products.... Manufactures Miscellaneous Articles.... Not Produce. $4,498,995 335.9S5 796.703 332,272 509.225 473.753 879 $i39.3«2 6,667 329 16,437 6.563 195.594 13.234 Value. $4,638,377 342,652 797.032 348,709 515.788 669,347 M,"3 $6,947,812 Coin and Bullion. $37Sjo6_[ $7,326,018 38,336 From this statement it w exceed the aggregate of all Total exports $7,364,324 ill be seen that the Fisheries greatly other sources of industry in the Pro- (1) Page 734, Tnde and Navigation Keturnb for 18:». vince of \ova Scoti;i, therofuro all questions relating to her Fish eries arc of vital inlcrL-st to the Pruviiux-. It is imlecd of iiiirnc-iisc importance to all the Fisliinj,' Provinces to know whether it be true that their import fish tracL' with the United Slates has diminished 22 jicr cent durin;^ the past two years, and their export fish trade to the United States has increased ,30 per cent during the last two years. If it be not true, tiien the data from which these numbers flow must be fill -ions. IHK niiKMMA. But the inevitable conclusinn derived from Mr. Wliitcher's figures involves a most serious dilemma, from which there is no escape. 'I'he dilemma in which the country is placed is this ; — if the figures found in the i'raile and Navigation Returns, which form the basis of the averages Mr. Whitcher employs, are true, then the conclusions to which they lead must be accepted also. If, because they are "Records of Government", handed to and received by the Clovernor (leneral and the Parliament of the country, they are fx ofjirlo, as it were, indis!)Utable, then we must believe that we did export a very large quantity of Fresh Codfish, at fimcy prices, to South America, to the British West Indies and to Italy. We must believe that Nova Scotia and New Brunswick did import Cod, iS:c., from the United States at 11 and 13 cents a pound, and Salmon at 18 cents a pound. We must h.ave faith in the assertion that we bought large ijuantities of dry salted Cod, (S:c., from the United States at a much higher price than we sold our own productions to that CO .try. We must have faith in the record that Ontario paid $1 1.38 per barrel for Oysters from the United States, at the same time that Nova Scotia procured them in the same market for $3.73. We must believe that Quebec and Ontario together, spent 85,- 350 dollars in oarrelled Oysters at $10.29 '^ barrel, while Nova Scotia and New Brunswick together, purchased the same article in the same market for $3.73 a barrel, or nearly for one third the price. We must treat the phenomenon as real, that Nova Scotia pur- chased $79,791 worth of Fresh Mackerel from the United States at nearly 5 cents a pound, and that Ontario, at the same period, bought 79,750 dollars worth of nameless fish, which, dove-tailed with 41 dollars worth of Whale Oil at an abnormal price, produce a surprising concurrence of the same figures supposed to be re- corded in localities a thousand miles apart. We must treat the phenomenon of the dove-tailing items, some of which involve a great stretch of credulity, as an accident of commercial business life, which ought not to stagger us We must accept, without cavil, all the anomalies which we find in our Trade and Navigation Returns for those four years, 24 and we nvist acknowledge the commercial conclusions which flow from such a belief in these '-Records of Government " and the vast benefit the country has derived during the last two years from the Treaty of Washington. There is no esca] e from these < onclusions according to the premises presentr^d by Mr. Whitcher, based on the Trade and Navigation Returns of the Country. ' But, if our common sense revolts against such a stramed com- mercial record, one series of questions to be answered is, how did these marvellous entries find a place in our Trade and Nayi- uation Returns ? Who put them there? Was it done in the Province whose industry they are supposed to represent, or where the records of those industries are gathered and grouped together? Was it done at Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Toronto, Charlottetown, or- -at Ottawa ! 1 THE NUMBKR $1,137,839. ". 1 now ask leave to call your E.xcellency's attention to another of Mr Whitcher's average numbers, and the conclusions which flow from its analvsis and its u.se, for it is the use of this average number which gives colour and force to the interpretation which may be put upon the anomalies in the 'I'rade and Navigation Re- turns—an interpretation from which one would otherwise shrink. Mr. Whitcher savs, "The average yearly value of fish exports from Canada during the seven years between the termination of the Reciprocity Treaty and the fiscal operation of the Treaty of Washington, from 1867 to 1873, was $4,003,375 ; of which 1,137,- 839 dollars worth was imported into the United States, and 2,865,- 535 dollars worth was absorbed by other markets." The number $1,137,839 hides the key to. the history of much which, for the sake of the honour and interests of the country, ought to be speedily unveiled. This number we find by referring to page 418 of the "Corres- pondence respecting the Halifax Fishery Commission," is made up from the following items : — ■ -• ' - ANNUAL EXPORT.S FHOM CANADA AND P. K. I. OF FISH AND FISH ANNUAl. JiAruni j,j[y\jL'CTS TO THE UNITED STATES. Dollars. 1867 1, 108,779 -, - 1868 1,103,859.' . ^,,Y. .. .,. i 1869 1,208,805 . . ■ -.; , V .. ', 1870 1,129.665 1871 1,087,341 -* -. :■'-'<■ •?• ■ .', 1872 933,041 ^ .^,. , ,».; ', 1873 1,393,389 - .. v^v> ■ -'.j^' -^— -/.<.' ■■■■,■'•" ..-■;.;■.■'!- -- . • Total 7,964,879 '■ . -t. .''■.'- i . -■,'.-•;-■; >,r/;i;.' ' ' ■- Average • i,i37»839 .>,..;.-; , . . . , _ .' :. i.: k' i,..,:-,' ;■ ; .-. Hi • •! * 25 For the sake of brevity, I will select one of these yearly num- bers, and submit it to analy^iis as a type of the whole. I take the year 1872 in which the recordi-d value of our exports to the United States is slated to be $933,041. This number is made up of the following items : — 1872 — Ontario $ 59,911 ' Quebec 38,636 ■' "Nova Scotia 584)514 ' ' New Brunswick 157,142 ■ '' Prince Edward Island 92,838 - '■'■ ■' Total $y33>04i Taking one of these items, that of Prince Edward Island for example, and referring to the Prince Edward Island Trade and Navigation Returns, as furnished by that Province, we fuid the the following items : — KXrortl'ED TO THE UNITED STATE8-1872. .' • Codfish $15,998 ' ■ ' ■• Hake 5,319 Alewives 416 Herrings.... 201 Mackerel 111,512 Sounds 4.300 Total $137,746 Mr. Whitcher's average number... 92,838 - - • Difference $44,9081035. The question naturally arises ;— For what reason and by what authority were the Prince Edward Island "Records of Govern- ment" altered, in framing the averages Mr. VVhitcher uses ? THE t'UIXCE EI)W.\Rl) I.SLAND HECOKDS. , , The liberty taken with the Public Records of Prince Edward Island present some very repulsive features. They are, indeed, of so gross a character, and involve such a menace to the rights and privileges of Provinces, and so defiantly uphold false witness in the face of tnith, that I advert to them with profound regret. On the 6th Aug., 1877, ^ Senator of the Dominion, the Hon. G. W. Howlan, testified upon oath before the Halifax Commission, that, 111,512 barrels of Mackerel had been exported from Prince Edward Island to the United States in 1872, and that he had ob- tained his information "from the Journals of Prince Edward Is- Jand — from a table I prepared myself when I was a member of •JO the Governmenl" (pages 75 and 77 'British Evidence,' and pages 387 and 391, "Docamens and proceeding.i of the Hah'fax Com- mission," published at Washington.) On the i8th September, 1877, Mr. James Barry, member of the Civil Service, Statistical Brancli, Customs Department, Ottawa, testified on oath, that the tables from which Mr. Whitcher obtains his averages — ''cover all the ground and give all the information which is to be gained from the returns ot both countri.'s" (The Dominion and the United States, i Mr Barry's figures for 1872 embody the statement that the total exports of Fish and Products of Fish exported by Prince Edward Island to the Unit- ed States amounted to $92,838— as opposed to the Hon. Senator Howlan's testimony that the value of the Mackerel alone, export- ed to the United Stales in 1872, amounted to $1 1 1,512. Mr. Barry's Summary is printed on page 435 of the British Evidence, and the details are printed in a document in which the '"attention of the Commission" is invited in the text. The utter helplessness of individual warfare against oflicial work of this stamp, manifests itself upon a comparison of Mr. Barry's figures with the oflicial figures sent to the Hon. Peter Mitchell, on tlie 19th Feb., 1873, by the Custom House officer of Charlottetown, P. E. I. This statement is jjrinted, and in it we read the following official record of E.xports from P. E. Island to the United States. Year 1872 ■ Exported to the United States. Codfish — Quintals-4.696 $i5,99S Hake — " 1,806 S)3i9 Alewives — Barrels — 142 416 Herrings — " 67 201 Mackerel — " 9,126 111,512 Sounds 4,300 Total $137,746 In this independent official statement we observe Senator How- lan's figures for Mackerel not only correctly g ven, but the total amount of Fish exported to the United States in 1872, returned by the Custom House officer at $137,746, in place of Mr. Barry's 92,838 dollars worth. In effect, a Senator of the Dominion produces upon oath, be- fore a court of Justice, the records of his own work and his own Government in a distant Province, when that Province possess- ed jurisdiction over her Trade and Navigation Returns. Subse- quently, in the same court of justice, an oflicer of the Dominion Customs Department at Ottawa, produces upon oath, an alleged statistical statement of the same details, but differing altogether 27 from the Sonator's Statement, and he declares that he has deriv- ed his results from the same source as the Senator himself. The thing is done in such a manner, that the officer of the Cus- toms Department at Ottawa triumphs in this court of justice, and use is made of his falsified figures. The two statements cannot be true, and the Senator's statement is susceptible of verification. i shall ask leave, still to offer one more illustration of the value of Mr. Whitcher's averages, because it exhibits the manner in which the item "Whale Oil" has been used in framing the fal- lacious table from which he takes his figures. . , ^ The- fish imports of the Dominion from the United States in 1872, are stated on page 418 of the Correspondence before re- ferred to, to have amounted to the sum of $123,670. This sum is made up of the following items : — Ontario $28,464 . Quebec 64,788 • ■ Nova Scotia..... 21,465 New Brunswick 8,953 Prince Edward Island o ' ' Total $123,670 An examination of the details given in the Trade and Naviga- tion Returns of the several Provinces shows that the item Whale Oil, has been in all cases omitted, and the item, "Oils of all kinds, crude, except Whale Oil and others elsewhere specifi- ed" introduced. But this is a terrestrial product, as may be seen by reference to the record of 1873, p.p- 22 and 76. The effect of the omission of "Whale Oil" and the introduction of "Oils, crude, &c.," is noteworthy. , , The total importations of Whale Oil in 1872 were as follows:— Ontario $4.287— p. 43 , Quebec 9.943- P- 97 ' •. / Nova Scotia 2,793— p. 1 47 ^'; ' New Brunswick 2,462— p. 191 . k • • ' Total Whale Oil...... $19,485 The total importations of "Oils of all kinds, crude, except Whale Oil, and others elsewhere specified" amounted, in 1872, to the following sums ; — ,, ,• 1 Ontario ^ Z '•:'., Quebec. 26 Nova Scotia New Brunswick. 22 3.729 '■»«^.-'- 'rr Total $3,777 . 28 The terrestrial item, $3,777, was added to the fish importations of 1872, and the marine item, Whale Oil, amounting to $19,485, was rejected, thus diminishing the value of the imports of Fish and Fish Products l.y about 8 per cent. This feature frequently occurs during the enumeration of our imjjorts in the duty PEKiou. But "Whale Oil" forms an importiint item in the suB- sEyuKNT FKEE or Washington Treaty Period, when it was desir- able to increase the imports from the United States. ,,, ,,, THE VERACITY OF THE TRADE AND NA- ,.,. VIGATION RETURNS. I beg now to direct your Excellency's attention to a very hn- portant matter which concerns every man, woman and child in the Dominion, — namely, the veracity ot our Records, particularly the I'rade and Navigation Returns. For this purpose 1 must again advert, at the risk of repetition, to the Imports of New Brunswick from the United States for the year 1873, the close of the duty period. The imports of that Province from the United States are given in the Table from which Mr. Whitcher take? his averages as amounting to $5,959. This number is obtained from our Trade and Navigation Returns, by adding together all the Fish Export items, which amount to $4,504 fxrhisive of Whale Oil, which was imported to the value of $125. To this sum there was added the item ''Oils of all kinds — crude — except Whale Oil, and others elsewhere specified, $1,455." (1) The two make a total as subjoined : — : / *. " , Fish Items $4,504 ' Oils of all kinds — crude i»455 , $5,959 whicli is the number used to frame the table from which Mr. Whitcher draws his averages. Th^small item, Whale Oil, $125, is rejected, the large item ''Oils, Crude" introduced, and after this fashion the results of the Fish Trade of the several Provinces are manipulated through a long series of duty years. But in 1874, and subsequently, the item "Whale Oil" is intro- duced, and "Crude Oils" rejected. Now the introduction of "Whale Oil" in the New Brunswick imports in 1874 is very remarkable and suggestive. The fish items imported from the United States for that yeaf amount to $18,644, including 1,307 dollars worth of Whal^ Oil at 83 cents a gallon. , . (1) Page 181— Trade and Navigation BeturQS tor liiTft-^SewioBsl Papert, M«^ 1879. 29 * • They are as follows : — . , • General statement of Imports of Fish and the Products of Fish from New Bnmswick to the United States during 'he year 1874, accoiding to the Trade and Navigation Returns for that year. FlPh— including Cod, Haddock, Ling and Pollock— dry salted, — |M ■' Preserved, _ _ — — .— — ~ ,5 " Oil, Cod liver, not elsewhere specified. — — — -- la •1- •• including Cod, Haddock. Ling and Pollock— freeh. rUnported at 13 cents a pound) — ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ xiX « do. do. Dry salted _ _ — — — 340 Herring— fresh (Imported In British vessels at 1 i,ct8. » pound) 996 ' • do Pickled (imported at $3.70 a barrel) ~ ~ SS? do. Smoked, __— — — — — J"^ OTSTKH9, FUESH IN BARRELS, * _ — — 13,Z74 do. do. In Cans, — — — — ■ — — *^'. Oil, Cod, ---------1^07 Whalk Oil — — — — — — — — if»w Total. - - - $18,644 The Compiler of Mr. Whltcher'a averages gives 19,238 '.• ' . ! .-< .*?.l>>' Difference, — — $594 Now if we subtract $594 from $1,307, the value of New Bruns- wick imports of Whalk Oil, there remains $713, which is the value of the imports by New Brunswick of "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed"— a terrestrial item— from the United States, and which appears to have been split up by the Compiler, and 119 dollars given to Ontario, and 594 dollars to New Brunswick, as shown on page 8. But how did it happen that the two added numbers, $594 plus $713, which ought not to have been introduced, make up $1,307, the value of New Brunswick importations of Whale Oil? And how did it happen that marine and terrestrial items were se- lected and added together to make a new number for the Gener- al Statement of Dominion Imports as given on page 369 of th« Trade and Navigation Returns for 1874, and subsequently used as exemplified on page 8 of this letter. The answer to these important questions may be simplified by an examination of other items, v- - .'." I will once again group together the series of dove-tailing numbers so far discovered in the Trade and Navigation Returns for 1874, which suggest manipulation as their origin, on account • According to the T. and N. Returns, Nt>w Brunswick Imported conslderaMy mOM Oysters in barrels in 1874 than Ontario. We only know the quantity of Oysters in barrels Imported by Ontario, by iin inductive process, for thn General Statement of Ontario's imports does not give the number ot barrels. But the Dominion General Btatement (page 367) makes the tolal for the live Province j to be 11,642 barrels, valu- ed at $51,639, therefore, subtracting the given quantitiep for the other Provinces firom this amount, we find thut Ontario imported 2,904 bar-.els, agsinst New Brunswick?* S 3M barrels; but how Is It, that the General Domiiion Statemont contains inform v tioB which the Provincial Statement docs not cor.taln? Where did the lnformaU<«i «ome from? *, r 30 4 of their character, hearings, associations and uses, with somehrirf remarks on these several points. I'he item "Whai.e Oil" — loo gallons--$4i.oo — or at the rate of 41 cents a gallon, was alleged to have been imported by Nova Hcotia from the United States in 1874, at the same time that New Krimswicl: impor'ca 1,572 gallons for 1,307 dollars, or at the rate of 83 cents a gallon— (pages 169 and 22c.) The item "Fish, all other— $79,750" imported by Ontario from the United States, without mention how they came, or in what quantity, fitted to 41 dollars for Nova Scotia's importations of Whale Oil, at 41 cents a gallon, makes exactly the sum paid for Nova Scotia for Fkesh Mackki.el — namely, ; ... $79,791. ■• ■: ■" ';/' This item, Fresh Mackerel, stands thus on the record :— Imported from the United St ;tes for Home consumption, Nova Scotia. Fish — Mackerel, fkesh — 1,612,560 — in British vessels— value $79,791. . s^vv. -•?■:■':■'>'*' '■ ■■ -f -;.,-.- -n- f^fr^ ■•;-.>' The assertion that Nova Scotia imported 800 tons of Fresh Mackerel from the United States in British Vessels al five cents a pound (very nearly), during the season of 1874, is, by itself, too much for ordinary credulity. But to associate it with the enor- mous sum paid by Ontario for na-ueless fish, and the abnormal item, 41 dollars for one hundr..d gallons of Whale Oil, and find that they make exactly the same huge and unusual importations in countries a thousand miles apart, is more than perplexing. Together they stand thus for the year 1874 : — - . r. - , ' "•'■•'■•,■ . ■•.'■■: No. I.- ^'^''^ ^^il..-..i ■■l',.v; -;>, ;-. Ontario — "Fish, all other" !^79,75o Nova Scotlii — Whale Oil, at 41 cents 41 J Nova Scotia — Fkesh Mackerel. ' $79,791 $79,791 But how did it happen that the item Fish, all other., 750 imported by Ontario from the United States, is characterized in the General and in the Summary Statement of Dominion Im- ports, as "Fish, all other — Fresh." There is nothing in the en- tries of Ontario, either General or Summary, to show that the Fish were fkesh Fish ! p 31 , ,, No. U. JVovrt Scotia — • . ,. v ^ ) Fui-sri Herring *7,9979 Fr. Ed. Island— Tickled Herring i3 ) It is to be noticed that there is no record to say how these Fresh herring were imported, whether in U. S. vessels or British vessels— no price is given. The bare fact is simply stated that in 1 874 Nova Scotia imported 7,961 dollars worth of Fresh Herring for home consumption from the United States. The total imports of fish of all kinds, fresh and salt, from the U. S. by Nova Scotia in 1873, amounted to 1,375 dollars less than the alleged importation of Fresii Herring alone, for home consumption in 1874. The similarity in the three sets of figures, all 7's and 9's for these imj'orted abnormal items is startling. The 7,961 dollars worth of Fresh Herrings at i cent a pound, amounts to about 400 tons of fresh Herrings imported by Nova Scotia in 1874 from the United States. They must have come in Schooners, but wh<-ther British or Foreign, is not recorded. They have come too with 79,791 dollars worth of fresh Mack- erel at 5 cents nearly, a pound, and with 17,355 dollars worth of fresh "Sea-fish, other" at 2 dollars a pound, and they came with fresh Salmon at 18 cents a pound, and with fresh Cod, &c., at 11 cents a pound, and with Whale Oil at 41 cents a gallon, and all from the United Suites for the home consumption of the fishing people of Nova Scotia. ••:>:: 'r't •UY- No. III. ' $1,307 Nno Brunsunck — ■ ■ "Furs, Skins and tails, undressed, $713 Excess of Imports in Compiler's r .:.....•--.', Table 594. New Brunswick — "Whale Oil" at 83 cents a gallon $1,307 ■;■(•-■ No. IV. $22,080 Nova Scotia — Sea-fish — other, frksh, at $2.00 ^' "' a pound $i7>35S 0/i^an'o— Fish, all other— FRESH 4.725 J • There is nothing recorded to show how these "Fish— all other" came to Ontario— No quantity is given. There is nothing recorded to show how these "Sea-fish, other" came to Nova Scotia— The quantity, 8,619 pounds, is introduced into the Summary Statement, on page 410. The price, $2.00 a pound, is marvellous, and the questions arise— how did the quan- tity—8,619 pounds— of this item, "Sea-fish, other," valued at mp 32 17,355 dollars, — which quantity is not found in the General State- ment of the Provincial Imports from the United States, — find its way into the "Summary Statement" ot the Provincial Imports ; and how did the character "krksh," which is not found in the (ieneral or Summary Statement of the Provincial Imports, find its way into the General Statement of the Dominion Imports. Quebec — "Fish — all other, pickled" $14,3521 "Fish— all other, fresh" 6,068 « ' > $22,080 Nova Scotia-Cod Oil jU^S.^ $1,304 I 1,660 I There is nothing in the Record to show how the "Fish — all other," fresh and j)ickled, came into Quebec — no quantities givrn, and consequently no price can be obtained. iJut by reference to page 13, it will be seen that the item "Fish— all other, pickled," as an importation from the United States to such a large amount, stands alone in the year 1874 for the series given. Now if we suppose that these symmetrical groups of numbers, involving abnormal items, represent the faitliful record of com- mercial transactions, we must recognize a remarkable fortuitous concurrence ol numbers in no less than five different countries many hundred miles apart. ■■ <■'■ ■ ■■■.■..: ■ ■,,. ...;. ,,,.' ., ,. • For we observe, . .:. •./.•■£•„• ,.■,.;. . • . I St. — That the items are nearly all excessive and unprecedent- ed. 2nd. — Most of them lack two important elements, namely, how they came, and in what quantity. ,,,.,,.. 3rd — Most of them involve the separate addition of numerous smaller items. This is best exemplified by considering that 1,612,560 pounds of Fresh Mackerel imported by Nova Scotia, is about 800 tons, which required large numbers of fishing schooners to bring them from the United States, and consequently numerous entries at the Custom Houses. The entire quantity is recorded as having been brought in British vessels and imported from the United States at 5 cents a pound, nearly. Again, the 79,750 dollars worth of nameless fish imported by Ontario from the United States, during the same fiscal year, must have come in numerous vessels, or at different periods by rail, and entries must have been made at the Custom houses. But it passes belief that numerous separate entries in the Customs Re- cords of Nova Scotia and of Ontario, embracing abnormal conf> mercial products to an enormous extent, wholly unprecedented, should exactly agree in total amount. The same remark applies to the other symmetrical numbers to which attention has b^en drawn. _■.. r,, , . .!■>■ ■., ■ \ _■ ^ . .:..,. , ' . -. :;■ J 33 But if it be difficult to suppose that the fortuitous concurrence of many separate entries of figures representing abnormal items, should result in the same numbers when added together in Pro- vinces far apart — how much more difficult it is to believe that four similar phenomena should occur in the separate abnormal entries of four different Provinces when similarly treated. Should it be urged that the entries, however absurd, being re- cords of Government, are therefore, necessarily true, then they will be found in the books of the Ports of Entry, in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick, and these can be produc- ed before a Committee of the House of Commons, or a court of Justice. Should they be found in tliese records of the different Provinces, not only will all the phenomenal conclusions towards which they point, follow as logical sequences, but the commercial advantages, as exhibited by ihe alleged comparative results of the last two years, will come prominently to the front. The sacred character of Records of Government is inferentially asserted in the subjoined letter, but in view of the allegations now made, which are susceptible of verification by printed and written official documents, it is respectfully submitted that such conclusions, in the present case, would be wholly incompatible, not only with the premises, but with the simplest efforts of reason and the manifest claims of right. SIB: FoRBion Ofkice, ' Auguat 12, 1878. I am directed by the Marquis of Snlisbary to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the I7th and IStli ultimo, ealllng attention to certain inaccuracioi which you state that you have discovered ii) a Rtatistjcal tabl« annexed to the "Case" presented on behalf of Her M^j 3Bty 's Qovemmcnt at the Haiifay fisheries Comraissiou, and I am to inform you, in reply, that the table in question was prepared at Ot^Wa under the supervision of Mr. Whitcher, the Canadian Commtesioner of Fisheries, from the official records of Government. There is therefore no ground whatever to question the accuracy of the figures referred to, and no blame can in any way . atti^. to If cr Majesty'! Ag*i)( in ^ matter. 1 am, Sir, • *' ' Yonr moat ot>edlent ■' ' ' • bnmble servant, (Signed) JULIAN PAITNCBFOTK. Hbubt T. Hind, Esq., Windsor, Nova Scotia. It remains for me now to point out -the method by which Mr. Whitcher's averages showing "exports to other countries" have been diminished in one particular year, namely, the opening year of the Treaty of Washington, — the year 1874. Oh page 107 1 of the "Documents and proceedings of the Hali- fax Commission," and also on page 435 of the original copy of -die' British -evidfente, there will be found the following fig-uf.es lathe Summary Statement of Imports and Exports. 84 EXPORTKD. Ini|iurtcd from United States. 'I'o United States. Year 1874 ! $728,921 | $1,612,295 'I'u other Countries. $2,892,283 |$4,504,578 'I'otal According to tlie otiicial Trade returns these figures have been distorted to the lollowing extent : — ' ,,> y-.. The imports from the United States are about $1 10,000, or 16 per cent // 'W.v'.s'.s' of the Trade returns, (see page 8) 'l"he ex- ports to other countries are more tlian lialf a million dollars, or 24 per cent fcss than the Trade returns. The total exports are conse- (juently more than half a million dollars short in 1874. The several Provinces have been detrauded by the Compiler of this Table to the following extent : — Province. Compiler's Statement. Trade Returns. Difference. Ontario $ 78,597 112,369 3.790,149 388,229 135.234 $ 78.597 778,672 3,791.152 393,772 135,234 $ 0 666,303 1,003 5.543 0 Quebec Nova Scotia New Brunswick P. E. Island Total $4,504,578 $5,177,427 $672,849 FORGED ITEMS IN THE TRADE AND NAVIGATION RETURNS. The questions which naturally spring from this subject are among the most important which can be asked or answered in relation to the commercial integrity of the country. How did the abnormal items to which I have called attention find a place in commercial records of different Provinces far removed from one another ? and for what purpose were they put there ? Hitherto I have relied upon a process of inductive reasoning to show the existence of foul play in the manipulation of the Trade and Navigation Returns of the different Provinces. I now venture to submit to your Excellency, proof positive, from which there is no escape, that this manipulation was inten- tional and perpetrated at Ottawa. The items mentioned on page 11, enumerating the details of the shipment of a very large quantity of Fresh Codfish, &c., at fancy prices from the Province of Quebec to South America, the British West Indies, Italy and Great Britain are forgeries, and forgeries associated with the transformation of imported "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed" into marine products, and the subsequent introduction of these transformed items into a record of the Country's industry, which Record was submitted in evidence under the sacred shield of an oath, during a friendly contention 86 with a great and neighbouring State. The (luaiitilies inserted tell their own shameful tale, and one (or which liistory must he keenly scrutinized to find a parallel. They are as follows : — . ■ . No. I. ^ DOMINION IKADE ANI> NAVIGATION RF.TUKNS. Exports from Quebec, year 1874- ' 676,758 pounds of Fresh Codfish, &c., to ' Great Britain, South America, \i. W. Indies and Italy $101,014, p. 472- Compare this amount with : — . " " " "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed," year 1874. Quebec, imported from Great Britain $99*069 p- 115 New Brunswick, imported from Great Britain 3°^ 2'7 New Brunswick, imjjorted from United Slates 7^3 217 Nova Scotia, imported from United States 3.3° '7° Total $100,420 New Brunswick imports, less $119 given to Ontario (page 8) 594 Total $101,014 Fresh Codfish, &c., to Soulii America, tV'c, 101,014 y ._.:..., Difference $000,000 '';'iD -:,.,> Animals $36,468 Furs, Skins and Tails, all other — undressed... 153,306 , Total. $189,774 I'. But in the Summary Statement of Dominion Imports, on page 370, these items are summarized in the following manner: — Furs or Skins, the produce of Fish or Marine Animals $i57>523 Furs, Skins and Tails, all other— undressed... 32,251 Total $189,774 The Marine Animals have grown from 4,269 dollars worth to 157,523 dollars worth, during the simple transference from the General to the Summary Statement, being represented by entirely different numbers, which must have been invented and inserted for a purpose, for there is no relation between the numbers in the General Statement and the Summary Statement, except in the aggregates — the details must have been ])urpos!y altered. But now comes another application of the numbers employed. Turning to the Exports of the Province of Quebec, one is not startled with the spectacle of Fresh Codfish exported in large quantities and at high prices to South America, but the eye catches at once an extraordinary export of Salted Codfish, &c., to Great Britain, South America, Portugal, Newfoundland, Italy and British West Indies. The prices instantly arrest attention and awaken suspicion — page 396. There are— 5,889 cwt. to Great Britain, value, $44,394, or at the rate of $7.54 per cwt. And to Portugal — 10,084 cwt, value, $35,420, or at the rate of $3.51 per cwt., being less that one half the export price to Great Britain. A comparison of the tables showing the imports of "Furs or Skins, the produce of Marine Animals" and "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed," with the exports of Salted Codfish from the Province of Quebec in 1876, establishes the astonishing fact that 39 the NUMBERS ARE IDENTICAL, as was the case in 1874, with re- spect to the imports of the same transformed articles and the Fresh Codfish alleged to have been exported to South America and Italy from the St. Lawrence of Canada. t^ity u \ .^;;i''<" No. I. 3,. n ■ .'i ,• ,11!''; I ;!,»,;■; 'iiiv.l? ■)t.i ! I «; t (!i ;:)rut Take for example the item— Provincj of Quebec, j-ear 1876'-- Salted Cod, &c., to Great Britain, 5,889 rv.t. valued at $44,394, p. 396. -<'> .Cit;;! .>•'■ -> if ): : ;n->>''i •. .! ■> ,* vi.Ur'l?'..;w This money value is made up of the following items :— ^ ,1 ,, Imported by. (1876.) British Columbia, (Marine .Animals) $32,199 page 211 Ontario (Furs, Skins and Tails) 6,131 " 39 Nova .'•'cotia ( " » .. \ Ontario (Marine Animals") Nova Scotia ( " " ) Ontario (Furs, Skins and Tails) Pr. Ed. Island (Marine Animals) 940. 319 25- 9- T58 123 1 21 .^9 237 $4,4.394 Salted Codfish to Great Britain at $7.54 - . per cwt., ^.. 44,394 ;; 'i • • t Difference 00,000 i No. II. Take the item Portugal 10.084 cwt. — '$35t 420, at $3.51 per cwt. This value is composed of the following items : — ' \' Imports, 1876. British Columbia, (Marine Animals) $32,199 p. 211 Nova Scotia ( " " ) 2,372 P- 123 (Furs, Skins and Tails)... 426 p. 123 ( " " " )... 319 p. 123 " " ( " " " )... 102 p. 123 Manitoba ( " " " )... 2 p. 183 « S35'420 Salted Codfish to Portugal at $3.51 35>42o Difference 00,000 40 The next illustration requires a trifle more ingenuity to unravel than any of the preceeding, but they are all easily accomplished by any one accustomed to numbers, and familiar with sortie of their properties. It is necessary to take out and array all the items in the Trade and Navigation Returns, relating to i- urs, Skins and Tails, undressed," also "Furs and Skins, the produce of Marine Animals." These items are eighteen m number. A rapid inspection of the column will soon enable identity with any particular Codfish, or fish item, to be discovered, should such ex- ist It is of course impossible to say how far this practice has extended, but its existence reveals a great deal of dty rot m the timbers ot the ship of state, which it is desirable to cut out at the earliest possible moment. No. III. Italy— 27,039 cwt., value, $125,079, at $4-62. This large number is made up of the following items :— Quebec— Imported "Furs, Skins and Tails, ^ undressed" •• ^i^^.^SS P- »4 Nova Scotia— Imported "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed" • 4,77i- P- "3 $125,826 Deduct— N. S., (Furs Skins and Tails,) $319. P- 123 . ' N. S., (Furs Skins and Tails,) 426 do- * Manitoba, (Furs, Skins • and Tails,) 2, p. 183 $747 747 — — — — 'r '■',, 1' ■ $125,079 i / Salted Codfish to Italy t25>079 Difference 000,000 In the same manner the exports of Salted Cod, &c., by the Province of Quebec to the British West Indies, are found to be unseparably connected with the imports of "Furs Skins aft* Ms undressed,'' and the transformation of these Items mto Manne Products— Thus :— 41 23 the be ails ine No. IV. Kxported by Quebec, in 1876, to British W. Indies, 10.224 dry salted Codfish, ^c, value $4^,099, p. 396. But $4^,099 is made up of the following items :— Ontario— imported, 1876, from United States (Furs, Skins and Tails) $20,447 P nuebec— imported, 1876, from United States (Furs, Skins and Tails) 27.221 p Nova Scotia— imported, 1876, from New- foundland (Marine Animals) 392... New Brunswick— im))orted, 1S76. from New- foundland (Furs, Skins and Tails) 28 .. Pr Ed. Island— imported, 1876, from New- foundland (Marine Animals) 9-.. Manitoba— imported, 1876, from Newfound- land (Furs, Skins and Tails) 2.. $48,099 .• Salted Codfish exported to B. W. Indies, 48,099 Difference 00,000 '■■ No. V. We will now try the item South America V... $295,258 Add-— I. II. III. IV. together, as follows :— I $44,394 II 35,420 III 125,079 IV 48,099 .;. ,. , cwt. p- 39 p- 84 p- 123 p- i5« P' 237 p- 183 ■■'if! Total $252,992 Add imports from Owiarir/-(Furs, Skins and Tails) $26,603 page 39 Quebec— ( do- do. do. ) 16,212 " ^'• 84 Deduct— Furs, Skins and Tails, or "Marine Animals," 3(j2 — (Nova Scotia, p. 123) ' 102 — ( do. do. do. ) 28— (New B. p. 158) 25— (Ontario, p. 39) 2 — Manitoba, p. 183) $295,807 549- $549 ■::■ ■ 1 • ( "1 " .■' ♦ r ,■ '■'.■.?■ '" ' '.: ^^ ^ t >,i.;.w' r 'i',v-.>. ',*•.■;: '" $295-258 Salted Codfish to South America 295,258 ■tr Difference 000,000 42 ■ . : ,.. -No. VI. ,.,,«.•: . ,^ . , ;..... ^ , And now I will compare the whole— 1876. '• > I • $44,394 (Imports made up of Marine Animals and "Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed") II. 35,420 ( do. do. do. do ; III. 125 079 (Furs, Skins and Tails, undressed) ^ _ IV. 48,099 (Marine Animals and 'Furs, Skms and lans ) V. 295,258 ( do. do. do. do. do. ) $548,250 ... .-. ... GENEKAL STATEMENT OF EXPOUTS— QUF.BEC — 1876. ,, Page 396. Codfish, including Haddock, ' Ling and Pollock, dry Salted. I. Great Britain $ 44.394 II. Portugal 35.420 ,„ .., III. Italv ^25,079 IV British W. Indies 48,099 , . ,-< V, SouthAmerica 295,258 Total $54^,250 V More than half a million dollars worth of Salted Codfish thus manipulated. This is the character of the Public Records of the Industry of Canada, as manipulated at Ottawa, and presented to the Governor General, and the Parliament of the country. Ihe items are clearly forgeries, for the theory of prooauilities makes the chances practically infinite, against the fortuitous concurrence of these numbers in records supposed to be made m widely sep- arated Provinces. They are Chinese puzzles, exhibiting banelul design and much disrespect. Therefore, with these illustrations, we may accept the conclu- sion that in 1875, Ontario did not spend $38,988 fo. barrelled Oysters at $1 1.38 a barrel, nor will her several Custom House Returns exhibit this result. , r i? u Neither did Quebec, in 1874, send $101,000 worth of Fresh Codfish to the countries named in her books ; nor did Mova Scotia, in 1874, import 800 tons of Fresh Mackerel from the United States at 5 cents a pound, nor 17,355 dollars worth ol "Sea fish, other" at $2 a pound ; nor Cod at 11 cents a^ pound, nor Salmon at 18 cents a pound, nor did she import 7,961 dollars worth of Fresh Herring from the United States, nor do any ot 43 those distraciing things which iho Tra Ic aiiJ NuviRalion Returns say she did in 1874. , . , ,, • i- 1 > The sane lemirks apply to New linms.viok, Pnnce L hvaid Island, Ontario and Quebec during the four years, 1874, 18.75. ,;^7.', and I S77, ill relation to tlv. abnormal items tovvhicn your FAcellency's attention is respectfully directed in preceding ua<'es But ^vhile we mav draw conclusions from facts which come under the eye and Reasoning powers, we can only conjec- ture how far this midnight work has been earned, from compari- sons with 1878 and 1879. But can we place any faith even in tfiose record., after wha we have seen ? This much we certainly know, that the Irade and NaviLUtion Returns of the different Provinces of the Dominion have been greatly tampered with at Ottawa, year after year, and forged items introduced for a specific and unlawful purpose. \lso, that these tainted public documents have been presented io the Governor General, and the Parliament of the Country. ^'^ The Country has now to meet the fact that the most important records of its industries, and of the industries of the different provinces, are hable to be falsified at Ottawa for specific pur- poses, from time to time, and from year to year. This is a very grave matter, far transcenaing any other subject having relation to the industries themselves. , , , Unfortunately the Trade and NavigaMon Returns do not stand alone under this heavy cloud. For it is certain that other okkicial statistical statemk.nts OK grkat moment, concoctku at oitawa by altek.ng the ke- CORDSOF THE DIFKERENr PllOVlNCKS, AN-^ .vNOWN AT TME TIME TOBEEORGEDANUFALSE by THE OFFICER WHOSE NAME THK STATEMEN-TS COVER, WERE OFFICIALLY PRESENTED TO THK GOV- ERN..,; GENEKAL AND THE LEGISL.vrUl.E DUUING TH« SKSStON OF 1 878 These official documents so presented, were "Supplement No. = to the Tenth Annual Report of the Minister of Marine .-.nd Fisheries for the year ,877-" being the "Report of the Commis- sioner of Fisheries for the year ending 31st December, 1877. Mv letters on this subject are on file m the Department of Marine and Fisheries, and the special letter relating to the pre- sentation of a falsified documem to the Parliament of Canada, bears date, Windsor, Nova Scotia, August 19th, 187.S. . ' MR. WHITCHER'S FISHERY STATISTICS. The Commissioner of Fisheries' reference in his published let- ter to his own Fishery Statistics is as follows :— "Between the years 1867 and 1873. the produce of the Can- adian Fisheries increased in value from about four millions to tea millions of dollars, and betv/een 1874 and 1S79 this increase con- tinned up to ne:ir thirteen millions of dollars." On pages XVI. to XXI. of the Coaimissioner's official Re- po L l\)T 1S77. there is a voluminous table showing the alleged de tails of the "A'^gregate quantities and values of Kish, the produce of Can;idia., risheries in the Provinces of Nova Scotia, New liiunsuick, Quebec and Ontario from 1869 to 1877, and in Prince Edward Island, since its entry into confederation in i>^74." This Voluminous tabi," is stated 0!i its face to be "Compiled from Departmental Fishery R jiorts for the above named years." In a printed leUer, .ddre.>sed to Sir Alexander Gait, bearing (late, Windsor, Nova Scotia, Nov, 10th, US79, in reply to a letter addressed by Sir Alexander Cialt to myself, I have shown that this table, alleged to represent the produce of Canadian Fisheries froni 1869 to 1877, is a gross forgery ; th.at it not only alters the quantities, the prices and the denominations of the items in the Fishe y Reports from which it is falsely alleged to be taken, but it presents in the aggregate a shamefully concocted contrivance framed to deceive. I have «hown that, among many other falsi- fications, it cuts off more than a million pounds of Haddock fron>. the Catch of 1S70, annihilates 100,000 barrels of Mackerel in 1871, adds 100,000 barrels of Herring in 1874, introduces Eels at •S1.78 a pound, alters quantities, denominations and prices, and is "Cooked" throughout froiti 1869 to 1875. * 'i'he use to which this false table was put during the Halifax Contention, I have in part indicated in printed letters to Sir A. T. Calt, and to Mr. M. Delfosse, cojjies of which are inclosed. In the Department of Marine and Fisheries, at Ottawa, my let- ler.i on this subject to Sir A. J. Smith are on file, and date from June 15th, 1S78 ; the closing letter relates to t!ie presentation of the false Statistical Table of Canadian Fisheries to the Parliament of Canada. (2) It is a very noteworthy feature in Mr. Whitcher's letter, that he should defiantly furnish in an unsolicited communication to the public, grounds for the strongest suspicions of the wide-spread * QiU'Stioii— "Tlic Ooininion Stiitlstics (ire in your opinion i>rrimc'ou»? Answer — I Hijrnlt most conticlontly in tliin re.spi'ct for Prince Kilwiird Island." Evidence of ili(> Hull Senator llowlan. niilifix Kitilierios Commlislon, page 75. (2) In Pri>le.»B0r naira'.< OlUcial Keport for 1877, under tlie heading "Relation of thp United States Fisli ConiniiHsion to the Halifiix Conventiun" the following allusion to the C'aiiiidlan Fishery StatislicB is generously made: '•Tlie miniiteiu'ss with which this metliod in carried out is illustrated in Report of Mr. Whitrher, Commissioner of Fisheries for the Dominion of Canada, which for the year endin;? I)eceiiil)er .'ilst, lH"7, contains a series of very exhiuistive tables showinir in d( tails tlie results of the Fisheries in every Province of the Dominion. Too much cannot ho said in oommeiidalion of the very thorough method in which the Canadian Government regulates and protects its FishPries. Accurate statistical inlbrmation i» the one essential f mridation upon whicli protective legislation must rest." The tables so gennronsly |)raised, are identical with tlie t.ible» presented In the British Case as fur as the details of the Maritime Provinces are concerned, for the years 186> to 1S75, both inclusive, and tlicy are falsified in tlie manner described in the text. 1 t * • w 45 y t rlisiionesty wliich is veiled by tlie figiues he uses. The a:ncizing apparent increase in the Fish Exports of the Country to the United States during 1878 and 1^79, stand out in siicli bold relief that llicy court and demand elucidation for the sake of the Provinces whose interests they pretend to portray. 'I'liis is the Record : — KISH Kxroicis <'K CANADA 'lo rHK UMTKH siwiKs. (excUisive of ,..-,., .. Manitoba and ]{ritisii Columbia .- (m 1 . Year. Value. Authority. 1874 $1,612, 295'^ "Trade and Navigation Returns," 1875 1,637,712 (^according to Messrs. Barry, Miall i, 1876 1,455.629 I and Whitcher — (Vide page 419 — 1877 1,317,917 j '•Corresi)ondence."; (ij : 1878 2,155,894; Trade and Navigation Returns, 1879 i'737>.305 ) Pagt-'s 666— (18-8} 7i9_(i879). The sudden advance of our fish exports t(j the United States f.Om THIRIKKX IIUNDUKD THOUSAND DOLLARS in 1877, tO OVer TWEN rv-oNK HU.NUiiKD THOUSAND DOLLAiis in 1878 is astonishing; but it loses all its force as a commercial ])henomenon, because we find it linked to the false record of years in which the wander- ing creatures of the land were transformed into the ])roducts of the sea, and slipped into our imports from a friendly and neigh- boring people. It ceases to inspire (-onfidence, and becomes worse than mis- leading when, — stripped of its illusions — it stands forth as the work of unskiltul and viscious meddling, which hazarded the best interests of loyal Provinces on the succes;! of juggler's tricks. But worse than all this is the dark, foreboding record it leaves of the first years in the 'ife of a young and emancipated State. (2) Our imports and our exports, claiming to be the faithful re- cords of a vast industry, extending over three thousand miles of sea-board, appear to have become healthy and reliable witnesses only, when the records of Provinces ceased to be tam]>jred with, and the manufacture of shrines for the great goddess Diana no longer continued a lucrative trade. ■ But Mr. Whitcher's recent revival of the stale forgeries em- bodied in the averages he uses, creates susoicion that the false worship is not dead, but merely transferred from Dia.va to Ckuics, or to swift-footed MKRCuiiurs, messenger of the Gods. As far as we know from the Trade and Navigation Returns for 1879, the Fisheries are the source of forty per cent of the entire (1) See •'Corrci'poncloiice rogpectirs the H:ilifin Fisheries Coniml.nlon" — Alao, page 1071, and 1877 to IRSOol the "nooiinu'r.tn nii 1 l'r,K'i!Cilini{« of the Malirax FidhorUi CommisHion"— puhlislud at W;:Kli1nKtoii. (2) Vide -Letters to Sir A. J. Smith— I'll lile ill tlie Marine Riid Fislicries Uipart- meiit. - _ 40 home uroduclion Export Trade of the Maritime Provinces, (i) iony er c"ntc.fthe\vhole exported fruits of the .ndustry o. Nova Scotin. New l>,runswick and I'r.nce hdward Island, are repriemed by the great Fisheries alone, liut the 'Ovemmen K -cords of this grand and perilous uiUustry, which trams so many ca less and skiuiul seamen for the brave service of the.rcot.ntry, are S >le to be curtailed or aug.nented, -altered mto montros.. des o converted nUo Chinese pu^/.les-by subordinates at Ottawa, for ptuiLes which are neither occult nor legal, manly nor wise. ■niK MOTIVE INSHUING, AND THE USE M.M-E OK TMK KRAUDUl.KN 1 KISH I FADE rAUl.ES. On Dace 417 of the "Correspondence respecdng the Halifax Fisheries Commission," there will be found the f-ollowing passage, and on succeeding pages the yearly imports and exports and the averages Mr. Whitcher again uses in iS8o. "1 now propose to deal at length with two questions of vmal IVIPOKTANCE IN THIS l-NQUIUY, VIZ : — ist —In favour of which rouvtry is the balance of advantages arising from reciprocal freedom of Trade gamed by tha Treaty of \Vashi:tt/tou? and 2nd.— Upon whom is the incidence of duties levied upon tisli exported by Canada into the United States, the producer or thf consumer?" Reference to the arguments given at length on pages 418 ti> 421 of the Blue Book named above, or to pages 1876 to i8bo ot die "Documents and Proceedings of the Halifax Commission coupled with an inspection of the figures there displayed, will amply explain the moUve which inspired and the use which was made of these Forged Trade Tables. (1) Total Exports of all kinds of home Industry, 1^79. Nova Scotia, — — — — Kew Urunswlcli, — — — — I'rluce Edward Uland, — — — Exports of tlie Produce of the Fislieries, 1W9. Nova Scotia, — — - New Brunswick, — — Prince Edward Island, — —About 40 per c«nt of the whole. «e,947,812 4,89(>,:i;» 1,825,550 $13,669,70» $4,498,i»& 681 l-'4 219,481 S5,3U9,560 Ill in h 47 Credit is there given to Mr. E. Miall for his '"valuable assis- tance." Her Majesty's Agent, Mr. F. C. Ford also recognizes the valu- able assistance rendered by Mr. Miall. He says in his despatch to the Earl of Derby, dated Dec. 17th, 1877. "Mr. Miall is an Knjjlish (gentleman at pre,.s«nt holding a liigli nitualion in tiie I)e|iartnient cf Internal H«vt^nne at Ottawa, and to hi.s nniform wil- iinj^iicKS to assi.-*t ine in every way in which his forvic&s niij^ht bo n a.M.M ISSli l.N . Windsor, Nova Scotia, „> ■ November 23rd, 1880. ■ •■■■,■, .■;" ■'■■'''•* . ., ,'■ ill -11 .W ., )., . • fij.:.,- . - -'it ,. , ,.fs ;•,..• v;..;i.'.'\^" ' . i ■ • :,; 'i . '.;\:, i\ '' >' ' ' ■' ;' .*^__ : ;',,. ■•, V. ■„;.:■ - ■ ,, :■•. ,.'■■; ..--.J ,-• v.'^jV, i'i.o;. t^i. •., •■>'.; ' '^- ^i ', '•v.«V"'''i'-" " :C' ■'■ /''Si. '"?!'.!»(! ■' ::,;.iu».,.,' ■i^i^..v ■> "■'^:,'.'i^; •.Oi.,. :-.^lV »: ■> '•»' (' 1 » 't • ^,.1.:'' .' ^ v:: 1 1 •■> ■ r . NDI X No. I. (- >; '^t^' » •- )\ft -';» - ' t ■•'k:': ■-;^;:'v4i ^■■■y : .^S' .■■' ■■■! t » * ♦ ;;■; MR. WHITCHER'S LETTER. - ■ '■ THE FISHERIES QIE8TI0N. , . 1 .": ,, KxporUtfiov. (,f FisJi fnmi. ('(IikkIii tn till' Uiiifnl S/nfrs. IMPOUTATIONS l-'ltOM THK UNri'l'I) STAl'ls "" CANADA UMJKl: IMIC '^ \VASHI\(;TnN ll.-KAl V. . ■ , .. ■.■, ■ [To file lullior of till', (ilohn.) ■••■>.■ '" ' SiK, — In view of proiViised action by the American Govern- ment to restore import duties on certain products of the Ca- nadian fisheries, it may be interesting tc consider the ])robable effect of such legislation on the fish trade of the Dominion. The New England fishing interest seems to have persuaded the au- thorities at Washington that the very existence of this industry depends upon free access to United States markets. It is assum- ed, therefore, that the re-imposition of Customs duties against Ca- nada will be a substantial, as it is a vicarious, sort of retaliation for alleged injury sustained l-y United States citizens at Fortune Bay, in Newfoundland. A careful examination of the trade re- turns of the United States and Canada, before and 3ince the Washington Treaty, shows the results of practical experience in quite a different light. The average yearly value offish exports from Canada during the seven years between the termination of the Recipocity Treaty and the fiscal operation of the Treaty of Wasliington, from 1867 to 1873, was $4,003,375 ; of which $1,137,839 worth was import- into the United States, and $2,865,533 worth was absorlied by other markets. Thus, under a tariff meant to be prohibitive, 28 per cent, was marketed in the United States and 72 per cent, in other countries. In the six years which have transi)ired since the removal of duties under the Washington Treaty, from 187.4 to 1879, these exports have averaged $5,971,887 ; of which $1,720,- 156 worth was impor'.ed into the United States, and $4,251,731 worth found other markets. The percentage to the United States v^as a trifle over 28, and that to other countries was a fraction f .,1 M over 71. Whilst the annual increase offish trade during this lat- ter period averages $1,968,512, only $582,317 worth represents exports to the United States, the business with other markets having increased to the extent of $1,386,196 yearly average. This enlarged exportation to both European and American markets is a consequence of increasing production and demand, and bears no special relation to the remission of duties under the treaty. Between the years 1867 and 1873 the produce of the Canadian fisheries increased in value from about four millions to ten mil- lions of dollars, and between 1874 and 1879 this increase con- tinued up to near thirteen millions of dollars. 'J'he ratio of in- creased production was greater throughout the prohibitory than the free period. An extended market in the United States can- not therefore be credited with stimulating the fishing industry cf ("anada in any peculiar manner. Comparing our fish trade for twelve years under the Treaty of 1854 it is found that while the average yearly bulk was $3,960,- 375, the relative proportion of exports to the United States was 35 per cent., and 65 i)er cent to other countries. There is, there- fore, a comparative decrease under the AVashington Treaty, which may be accounted for in part by the transfer of attention to ether markets, where an enforced experiment has become an establish- ed advantage. Such also was ihe case in respect of tiis lobster business, in which the export of canned lobsters to European markets increased between 1874 and 1879 from about $300,000 worth to nearly a million of dollars worth, without materially de- creasing the annual export to the United States, notwithstanding the notorious lobster can tax. This cute dodge was resorted to in 1875 for the purpose of giving to United States citizens v/ho were canning lobsters in Canada, because of the exhaustion and closure of the Maine and Massachusetts fishery, a monopoly of the United States market, to the disadvantage of Canadian can- ners. If the existing lobster regulations had been firmly adhered to at that time this discreditable bit of sharp practice might have been foiled of any appreciable benefit to its authors, and at the same time we should have economized our own resources, and assured to Canadian packers and fishermen tl e permanent con- trol of an almost exclusive source of supply. Under the reciprocal provisions of the Washington Treaty Ca- nada has imported from the United States an annual average of $668,176 worth of fish products, 74 per cent, of which is freed of 55 from duty, 26 per cent, being still dutiable. We could supply the greater part of this demand from Canadian instead of from American produce. The exculsive use of our inshores might further increase the Canadian catch, and we should doubtless find ready markets at home and abroad, besides supplying our neighbours for domestic consumption and foreign exportation with a fair share at enhanced prices, as we have formerly done under somewhat similar conditions. The present communication is entirely unofficial, being found- ed on published information accessible to everybody. Your obedient servant, Rideau Bank. Ottawa, 5th June, 1880. F. W. WHITCHER. .< ■■-.. ','\ 1 K • 't. M ■ :,•. •!,•=» h. ,1... 111.,' APPENDIX No. II. ■ ' •'' '■' " '•''■' To His ExreMe.ucji - ■ ' - ..-.-■":* : '. ;'..'• /''•'•; 'r. '' MONSIEUR MAURICE DELFOSSE, ,-,<'' (\' ^'i ,, ll'ashivf/toii, ' ' Lately President fa tlie, Iliilifux Cominission. SIR: • -'■ : •• ■'. ^- ■ • '■''•' ' A rpcont niisli'iutin? commiinicatinn tn tlic )nittlic, by n Ciinndlnn official, re- lilting to tlio I'tlVot liki'y to be prDhicfd mi CiiTiaciiaii 'l"r.iil<' with thi^ United Stafeg by tbc C()iitciii))1iitili, in reply in the niiKlei(lin<.' efl()rfs of tho Canadian official, and riferi'iu-e is made by the editor to von, and to your letter to me, bearing dale Oct. l!illi,lS7!). In this letur \on say ;— "The 'Cases' presented liy either (ioverntnent, however, are, distinct from the evi- dence, and could no! aliei' lior inipah- the value and weight of such evidence as heard before the eorninis-ion ■' This ipiotation has been again and again referred to by the Canadian Press in an- swer to my assertions ipsixetiiii; the lalsilied llsh catch intiodnced into the British Case, and it is now repeated wiili reference to a far more serious fraud, about which loll and Ihe )iulilic knew iiotbiiig «hatever ii week a^'o, and mi'-'hl have known nothing; for some vears to come luul the Cimidian olliclal not attempted to use the figures a Becoiid time, for the purpose of giiiiling public opinion on a very important public question conceniimj trade relations. It is now my duly to direct your attention to forged statistics used IN KVIDENCE, of a tenfold more important beating that llie false ligures repreRPiiting the Canadian Fish catch wbieli appeared in the British Case Till' Canadian Kxport ami Import Trade returns covering 2t) years and presented to ynu ill evidence, are, in the main forgeiies. It is the public use of thesi' forgeries by a Canadian oflicial within the past iidiitb, which eomp. Us me to call your attention to the evils whi'di have in ])art resulted fro-n the passa'_'e in your letter so frequently quoted, and to arrest by this seeniinely bar^b proceeding, the growtli of those evils. Article XXI . of the I'reaty of Wasliingtoii is as follows :— "It is agreed th.it for the term oCyears mentioned In Act XXIII. of the Treaty, fish "and tish oil of all kinds {e.\cept li-li of the inbiod lakes and of the rivers falling into "Ihem.and except fish preserved in oil) being the prndiictsof the fisheries of the United "States or of llie Dominion of Ciinada, or oflVince Kdward Island, shall be admitted •'Into each country ri spoetively fiee of duty." As a consequence of Ibis article In the Treaty, one of the qucBtlons to be determined by the Halifax ('onimiili iluriiiK timi I'criod. It is vlrlimlly a qiicHlion of iirotcction ver.-iiH fii <■ inide, to be d' t(in:ii id by the riBult of twdiiy-clx yenm iiitcrcotiriiu under both conditidiiK. Any iiiun o( iniblii o|iinioM that they liiiil to I ppo>iH' (di c'liiMi nc llencc lliP lnip'- it concern" .'"• X\ I nrliclit ■ f tin- Treaty of WLHliin^tioii. Tlie inipoitaiici- ol tlii- iinliel. liowevi r, relates 1(1 tlie future, Ibe award of the Halifax ConiniirMJon ii" a iliih^ "f tlie puct, and with it I liave nothing wliatever to do. But I am lioiinii liv ilie Uiiowlc ilap of the suliject [ po>8esK, to prevent (re.-li use of these finiKluici t 'i'raile talilc?, fir iiey pnrpoce wliatever. and exjiri H8ly wlien tiat purpose tends to les-en llii' fi iendly iiitercouise and tbe niiilual resjx ct of neiylibour- ill); nation>^. In order lo id^ow you t' e nature and bearing of the forueries. I will taljo one ytar I'Ut of the twenty six, ai.d one in which the true trade tables are easily accesBible. ********* (f^vo Text page .Tj.; Sifnilar dii creimr ci< f, thonth on a smaller ^cale, between ths true Trade Returns and tlie figures pre-entnl in evidence, cci uii l.N neauly I'.vkkv YKAit m- the 8ki' lo 1873. .Ml this is shown in Ihe arcument advanced on pa«e« 1(5<7 to i8"0 I f llie "DHcnmeMs and rioceeuings of tlie Halifax Commission,"' and pages 417 to 4'2oftbe "Corresjiond. ncu lespecting tin' llidifix Fisheries Commission," and it is sliown once auaiii in .Iiine. IS80, by the Caiia